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Title: Gregor the Overlander - Wikipedia
Headings: Gregor the Overlander
Gregor the Overlander
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Plot summary
The Prophecy of Grey
Characters
Quest Members
Publication
References
External links
Content: The final line may have many different meanings; among them may be a hint about how miserable Luxa is even though she lives, as Henry was her best friend until he had his life " reaped ". Characters
See also: List of The Underland Chronicles characters
Quest Members
Gregor: An ordinary eleven-year-old boy from New York City, is meant to be the warrior mentioned in "The Prophecy of Gray". He is later bonded to Ares the flier who was betrayed by Henry. Boots (Margaret): Boots is Gregor's two-year-old sister. She accidentally discovers the entrance to the Underland. She is the only reason they decide to come on the quest.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1306380622#13_1440574261
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Title: Gregor the Overlander - Wikipedia
Headings: Gregor the Overlander
Gregor the Overlander
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Plot summary
The Prophecy of Grey
Characters
Quest Members
Publication
References
External links
Content: He is later bonded to Ares the flier who was betrayed by Henry. Boots (Margaret): Boots is Gregor's two-year-old sister. She accidentally discovers the entrance to the Underland. She is the only reason they decide to come on the quest. Luxa: The future queen of the Underland, about the same age as Gregor. Her parents were killed by rats shortly after Henry's. She is bonded to Aurora the flier. Vikus:
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1306380622#14_1440575098
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Title: Gregor the Overlander - Wikipedia
Headings: Gregor the Overlander
Gregor the Overlander
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Plot summary
The Prophecy of Grey
Characters
Quest Members
Publication
References
External links
Content: Luxa: The future queen of the Underland, about the same age as Gregor. Her parents were killed by rats shortly after Henry's. She is bonded to Aurora the flier. Vikus: The leader of the quest and Luxa's Grandfather. During the quest, he leaves them, and they have to continue the quest without Vikus' advice. Henry: Luxa's cousin, next in line to the throne after her. He wants to ally with the rats to conquer the "weak" species of the Underland.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1306380622#15_1440575981
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Title: Gregor the Overlander - Wikipedia
Headings: Gregor the Overlander
Gregor the Overlander
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Plot summary
The Prophecy of Grey
Characters
Quest Members
Publication
References
External links
Content: The leader of the quest and Luxa's Grandfather. During the quest, he leaves them, and they have to continue the quest without Vikus' advice. Henry: Luxa's cousin, next in line to the throne after her. He wants to ally with the rats to conquer the "weak" species of the Underland. He dies chasing Gregor off the edge of a cliff, believing his bond Ares would always come catch him. Ripred: A gnawer ( rat) with deadly fighting skills and intelligence; Vikus asks him to help the quest group into the rats' domain. Ripred in the later books teaches Gregor to learn how to use echolocation.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1306380622#16_1440577004
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Title: Gregor the Overlander - Wikipedia
Headings: Gregor the Overlander
Gregor the Overlander
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Plot summary
The Prophecy of Grey
Characters
Quest Members
Publication
References
External links
Content: He dies chasing Gregor off the edge of a cliff, believing his bond Ares would always come catch him. Ripred: A gnawer ( rat) with deadly fighting skills and intelligence; Vikus asks him to help the quest group into the rats' domain. Ripred in the later books teaches Gregor to learn how to use echolocation. Temp: One of two crawlers ( cockroaches) to join the quest. He is one of the first crawlers who encounters Boots and her brother and befriends the two. Tick: A friend of Temp who sacrifices herself to save Boots from a group of rats.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_the_Overlander
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1306380622#18_1440578941
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Title: Gregor the Overlander - Wikipedia
Headings: Gregor the Overlander
Gregor the Overlander
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Plot summary
The Prophecy of Grey
Characters
Quest Members
Publication
References
External links
Content: Ares: A large black flier ( bat) bonded to Henry who chooses to save Gregor rather than his bond when the two fall off a cliff. He does not know of Henry's treachery until after the fact, and so Gregor decides to bond with him to save him from banishment. Aurora: A flier who is bonded to Luxa. She has a golden coat. Gox and Treflex: Two spinners ( spiders) who help the quest group. Gregor's dad: Though never named, Gregor's father is an important member of the quest because it is he the group goes to find and rescue.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_the_Overlander
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1312538675#0_1446187186
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Title: Grid reference system - Wikipedia
Headings: Grid reference system
Grid reference system
Contents
Grid coordinates
Notation and conventions
Grid north
Types
See also
References
Content: Grid reference system - Wikipedia
Grid reference system
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: " Grid reference system" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
a geographic coordinate system that defines locations using Cartesian coordinates. A typical map with grid lines
"Easting and northing" redirects here. It is not to be confused with East north up. A grid reference system, also known as grid reference or grid system, is a geographic coordinate system that defines locations in maps using Cartesian coordinates based on a particular map projection. Grid lines on maps illustrate the underlying coordinate system. Such coordinate lines are numbered to provide a unique reference to each location on the map.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1312538675#1_1446188612
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Title: Grid reference system - Wikipedia
Headings: Grid reference system
Grid reference system
Contents
Grid coordinates
Notation and conventions
Grid north
Types
See also
References
Content: A typical map with grid lines
"Easting and northing" redirects here. It is not to be confused with East north up. A grid reference system, also known as grid reference or grid system, is a geographic coordinate system that defines locations in maps using Cartesian coordinates based on a particular map projection. Grid lines on maps illustrate the underlying coordinate system. Such coordinate lines are numbered to provide a unique reference to each location on the map. Grid coordinates are normally eastings and northings. Contents
1 Grid coordinates
1.1 Notation and conventions
2 Grid north
3 Types
4 See also
5 References
Grid coordinates
UTM zones on an equirectangular world map with irregular zones in red
Easting and northing are geographic Cartesian coordinates for a point. Easting is the eastward -measured distance (or the x - coordinate) and northing is the northward -measured distance (or the y -coordinate). When using common projections such as the transverse Mercator projection, these are distances projected on an imaginary surface similar to a bent sheet of paper, and are not the same as distances measured on the curved surface of the Earth . Easting and northing coordinates are commonly measured in metres from the axes of some horizontal datum.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1312538675#2_1446190271
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Title: Grid reference system - Wikipedia
Headings: Grid reference system
Grid reference system
Contents
Grid coordinates
Notation and conventions
Grid north
Types
See also
References
Content: Grid coordinates are normally eastings and northings. Contents
1 Grid coordinates
1.1 Notation and conventions
2 Grid north
3 Types
4 See also
5 References
Grid coordinates
UTM zones on an equirectangular world map with irregular zones in red
Easting and northing are geographic Cartesian coordinates for a point. Easting is the eastward -measured distance (or the x - coordinate) and northing is the northward -measured distance (or the y -coordinate). When using common projections such as the transverse Mercator projection, these are distances projected on an imaginary surface similar to a bent sheet of paper, and are not the same as distances measured on the curved surface of the Earth . Easting and northing coordinates are commonly measured in metres from the axes of some horizontal datum. However, other units (e.g., survey feet) are also used. The coordinates are most commonly associated with the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system (UTM), which has unique zones that cover the Earth to provide detailed referencing. Notation and conventions
Locations can be found using easting/northing (or x, y) pairs. The pair is usually represented conventionally with easting first, northing second. For example, the peak of Mount Assiniboine (at
WikiMiniAtlas
50°52′10″N 115°39′03″W
/ 50.86944°N 115.65083°W / 50.86944;
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1312538675#8_1446200006
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Title: Grid reference system - Wikipedia
Headings: Grid reference system
Grid reference system
Contents
Grid coordinates
Notation and conventions
Grid north
Types
See also
References
Content: Thus in a 6 digit grid reference 123456, the Easting component is 123 and the Northing component is 456, i.e. if the smallest unit is 100 metres, it refers to a point 12.3 km east and 45.6 km north from the origin. Grids may be arbitrary, or can be based on specific distances, for example some maps use a one-kilometre square grid spacing. A grid reference locates a unique square region on the map. The precision of location varies, for example a simple town plan view may use a simple alphanumeric grid system with single letters for Eastings and single numbers for Northings. A grid reference in this system, such as 'H3', locates a particular square rather than a single point. Points can be located by grid references on maps that use a standard system for Eastings and Northings, such as the Universal Transverse Mercator used worldwide, or the Ordnance Survey National Grid used by Ordnance Survey in the UK. These points can then be located by someone else using grid references, even if using maps of a different scale. In the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) system, grid reference is given by three numbers: zone, easting and northing. In the UTM system, the Earth is divided into 60 zones.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1312538675#9_1446201586
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Title: Grid reference system - Wikipedia
Headings: Grid reference system
Grid reference system
Contents
Grid coordinates
Notation and conventions
Grid north
Types
See also
References
Content: Points can be located by grid references on maps that use a standard system for Eastings and Northings, such as the Universal Transverse Mercator used worldwide, or the Ordnance Survey National Grid used by Ordnance Survey in the UK. These points can then be located by someone else using grid references, even if using maps of a different scale. In the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) system, grid reference is given by three numbers: zone, easting and northing. In the UTM system, the Earth is divided into 60 zones. Northing values are given by the metres north, or south (in the southern hemisphere) of the equator. Easting values are established as the distance from the central meridian of a zone. The central meridian is arbitrarily set at 500,000 metres, to avoid negative numbers. A position 100 kilometres west of a central meridian would have an easting of 400,000 metres. Due to its popularity, and worldwide cover, the UTM system is used worldwide by NATO as well as many countries, including Australia and the USA.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1312538675#10_1446202993
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Title: Grid reference system - Wikipedia
Headings: Grid reference system
Grid reference system
Contents
Grid coordinates
Notation and conventions
Grid north
Types
See also
References
Content: Northing values are given by the metres north, or south (in the southern hemisphere) of the equator. Easting values are established as the distance from the central meridian of a zone. The central meridian is arbitrarily set at 500,000 metres, to avoid negative numbers. A position 100 kilometres west of a central meridian would have an easting of 400,000 metres. Due to its popularity, and worldwide cover, the UTM system is used worldwide by NATO as well as many countries, including Australia and the USA. In the United Kingdom, a proprietary grid system is used. In Ordnance Survey maps, each Easting and Northing grid line is given a two-digit code, based on the British national grid reference system with an origin point just off the southwest coast of the United Kingdom. The area is divided into 100 km squares, each of which is denoted by a two-letter code. Within each 100 km square, a numerical grid reference is used. Since the Eastings and Northings are one kilometre apart, a combination of a Northing and an Easting will give a four-digit grid reference describing a one-kilometre square on the ground.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_reference_system
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1312764420#1_1446535006
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Title: Grief - Wikipedia
Headings: Grief
Grief
Contents
Grieving process
Reactions
Bereavement science
Bonanno's four trajectories of grief
Five stages theory
Physiological and neurological processes
Evolutionary theories
Risks
Health risks
Complicated grief
Disenfranchised Grief
Examples of bereavement
Death of a child
Suicide
Death of a spouse
Death of a sibling
Death of a parent
For an adult
For a child
Loss during childhood
Loss of a friend or classmate
Other losses
Gradual bereavement
Sensory experiences of the deceased
Support
Professional support
Support groups
Cultural differences in grieving
In those with cognitive impairment
In animals
Mammals
Birds
Monogamous animals
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Bereavement
"Grief" (2011)
Pronunciation
/ɡɹiːf/
Specialty
Psychology
Treatment
Pastoral care; Mental health professionals; Social workers; Support groups
Part of a series on
Emotions
Acceptance
Affection
Amusement
Anger
Angst
Anguish
Annoyance
Anticipation
Anxiety
Apathy
Arousal
Awe
Boredom
Confidence
Contempt
Contentment
Courage
Curiosity
Depression
Desire
Disappointment
Disgust
Distrust
Doubt
Ecstasy
Embarrassment
Empathy
Enthusiasm
Envy
Euphoria
Faith
Fear
Frustration
Gratification
Gratitude
Greed
Grief
Guilt
Happiness
Hatred
Hope
Horror
Hostility
Humiliation
Interest
Jealousy
Joy
Kindness
Loneliness
Love
Lust
Nostalgia
Outrage
Panic
Passion
Pity
Pleasure
Pride
Rage
Regret
Rejection
Remorse
Resentment
Sadness
Self-pity
Shame
Shock
Shyness
Social connection
Sorrow
Suffering
Surprise
Trust
Wonder
Worry
v
t
e
Grief is the response to loss, particularly to the loss of someone or some living thing that has died, to which a bond or affection was formed. Although conventionally focused on the emotional response to loss, grief also has physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, cultural, spiritual and philosophical dimensions. While the terms are often used interchangeably, bereavement refers to the state of loss, while grief is the reaction to that loss. The grief associated with death is familiar to most people, but individuals grieve in connection with a variety of losses throughout their lives, such as unemployment, ill health or the end of a relationship. Loss can be categorized as either physical or abstract; physical loss is related to something that the individual can touch or measure—such as losing a spouse through death—while other types of loss are more abstract, possibly relating to aspects of a person's social interactions. Contents
1 Grieving process
2 Reactions
3 Bereavement science
3.1 Bonanno's four trajectories of grief
3.2 Five stages theory
4 Physiological and neurological processes
5 Evolutionary theories
6 Risks
6.1 Health risks
6.2 Complicated grief
6.3 Disenfranchised Grief
7 Examples of bereavement
7.1 Death of a child
7.1.1 Suicide
7.2 Death of a spouse
7.3 Death of a sibling
7.4 Death of a parent
7.4.1 For an adult
7.4.2 For a child
7.5 Loss during childhood
7.5.1 Loss of a friend or classmate
7.6 Other losses
7.7 Gradual bereavement
7.8 Sensory experiences of the deceased
8 Support
8.1 Professional support
8.2 Support groups
9 Cultural differences in grieving
10 In those with cognitive impairment
11 In animals
11.1 Mammals
11.2 Birds
11.3 Monogamous animals
12 See also
13 References
14 Further reading
15 External links
Grieving process
Between 1996 and 2006, there was extensive skepticism about a universal and predictable "emotional pathway" that leads from distress to "recovery" with an appreciation that grief is a more complex process of adapting to loss than stage and phase models have previously suggested.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1312764420#2_1446538995
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Title: Grief - Wikipedia
Headings: Grief
Grief
Contents
Grieving process
Reactions
Bereavement science
Bonanno's four trajectories of grief
Five stages theory
Physiological and neurological processes
Evolutionary theories
Risks
Health risks
Complicated grief
Disenfranchised Grief
Examples of bereavement
Death of a child
Suicide
Death of a spouse
Death of a sibling
Death of a parent
For an adult
For a child
Loss during childhood
Loss of a friend or classmate
Other losses
Gradual bereavement
Sensory experiences of the deceased
Support
Professional support
Support groups
Cultural differences in grieving
In those with cognitive impairment
In animals
Mammals
Birds
Monogamous animals
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: While the terms are often used interchangeably, bereavement refers to the state of loss, while grief is the reaction to that loss. The grief associated with death is familiar to most people, but individuals grieve in connection with a variety of losses throughout their lives, such as unemployment, ill health or the end of a relationship. Loss can be categorized as either physical or abstract; physical loss is related to something that the individual can touch or measure—such as losing a spouse through death—while other types of loss are more abstract, possibly relating to aspects of a person's social interactions. Contents
1 Grieving process
2 Reactions
3 Bereavement science
3.1 Bonanno's four trajectories of grief
3.2 Five stages theory
4 Physiological and neurological processes
5 Evolutionary theories
6 Risks
6.1 Health risks
6.2 Complicated grief
6.3 Disenfranchised Grief
7 Examples of bereavement
7.1 Death of a child
7.1.1 Suicide
7.2 Death of a spouse
7.3 Death of a sibling
7.4 Death of a parent
7.4.1 For an adult
7.4.2 For a child
7.5 Loss during childhood
7.5.1 Loss of a friend or classmate
7.6 Other losses
7.7 Gradual bereavement
7.8 Sensory experiences of the deceased
8 Support
8.1 Professional support
8.2 Support groups
9 Cultural differences in grieving
10 In those with cognitive impairment
11 In animals
11.1 Mammals
11.2 Birds
11.3 Monogamous animals
12 See also
13 References
14 Further reading
15 External links
Grieving process
Between 1996 and 2006, there was extensive skepticism about a universal and predictable "emotional pathway" that leads from distress to "recovery" with an appreciation that grief is a more complex process of adapting to loss than stage and phase models have previously suggested. The Two-Track Model of Bereavement, created by Simon Shimshon Rubin in 1981, is a grief theory that provided deeper focus on the grieving process. The model examines the long-term effects of bereavement by measuring how well the person is adapting to the loss of a significant person in their life. The main objective of the Two-Track Model of Bereavement is for the individual to "manage and live in reality in which the deceased is absent" as well as returning to normal biological functioning. ( Malkinson, 2006)
Track One is focused on the biopsychosocial functioning of grief. This focuses on the anxiety, depression, somatic concerns, traumatic responses, familial relationships, interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, meaning structure, work, and investment in life tasks.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1312764420#4_1446545025
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Title: Grief - Wikipedia
Headings: Grief
Grief
Contents
Grieving process
Reactions
Bereavement science
Bonanno's four trajectories of grief
Five stages theory
Physiological and neurological processes
Evolutionary theories
Risks
Health risks
Complicated grief
Disenfranchised Grief
Examples of bereavement
Death of a child
Suicide
Death of a spouse
Death of a sibling
Death of a parent
For an adult
For a child
Loss during childhood
Loss of a friend or classmate
Other losses
Gradual bereavement
Sensory experiences of the deceased
Support
Professional support
Support groups
Cultural differences in grieving
In those with cognitive impairment
In animals
Mammals
Birds
Monogamous animals
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Rubin (2010) Points out, “Track 1, the range of aspects of the individuals functioning across affective, interpersonal, somatic and classical psychiatric indicators is considered” (Shimshon 686). All of the terms listed above are noted for the importance they have in relation to people's responses to grief and loss. A grief-stricken American soldier is comforted by a fellow soldier after a friend is killed in action during the Korean War. The significance of the closeness between the bereaved and the deceased is important to Track 1 because this could determine the severity of the mourning and grief the bereaved will endure. This first track is the response to the extremely stressful life events and requires adaption along with change and integration. The second track focuses on the ongoing relationship between the griever and the deceased. Track two mainly focuses on how the bereaved was connected to the deceased, and on what level of closeness was shared. The two main components considered are memories, both positive and negative, and emotional involvement shared with the decedent.. The stronger the relationship to the deceased, the greater the evaluation of the relationship with heightened shock. Any memory could be a trigger for the bereaved, the way the bereaved chose to remember their loved ones, and how the bereaved integrate the memory of their loved ones into their daily lives. Ten main attributes to this track include;
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1312764420#10_1446559362
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Title: Grief - Wikipedia
Headings: Grief
Grief
Contents
Grieving process
Reactions
Bereavement science
Bonanno's four trajectories of grief
Five stages theory
Physiological and neurological processes
Evolutionary theories
Risks
Health risks
Complicated grief
Disenfranchised Grief
Examples of bereavement
Death of a child
Suicide
Death of a spouse
Death of a sibling
Death of a parent
For an adult
For a child
Loss during childhood
Loss of a friend or classmate
Other losses
Gradual bereavement
Sensory experiences of the deceased
Support
Professional support
Support groups
Cultural differences in grieving
In those with cognitive impairment
In animals
Mammals
Birds
Monogamous animals
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: In a 2008 survey, 27% of respondents who had lost a loved one said they had this kind of "contact" experience. When people grieve for a loved one, many individuals will react differently: sadness, overwhelm, confusion, shock, and sometimes anger. Participants in the study must have experienced the loss of someone close between 12 and 18 years of age. The sudden loss was shocking to the majority; over time, there was change and growth in their outlook in life. The conclusive result shows a better positive perspective in life, their relationship, their well-being, and their perception of compassion and gratitude. Bereavement science
Grief can be caused by the loss of one's home and possessions, as occurs with refugees. Bonanno's four trajectories of grief
Main article: George Bonanno
George Bonanno, a professor of clinical psychology at Columbia University, conducted more than two decades of scientific studies on grief and trauma, which have been published in several papers in the most respected peer-reviewed journals in the field of psychology, such as Psychological Science and The Journal of Abnormal Psychology.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1313557913#2_1447535732
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Title: Griffithville, Arkansas - Wikipedia
Headings: Griffithville, Arkansas
Griffithville, Arkansas
Contents
Geography
Demographics
Education
References
Content: According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.0 km 2 (0.4 mi 2 ), all land. Demographics
Historical population
Census
Pop. %±
1910
202
—
1920
219
8.4%
1930
238
8.7%
1940
244
2.5%
1950
207
−15.2%
1960
172
−16.9%
1970
227
32.0%
1980
254
11.9%
1990
237
−6.7%
2000
262
10.5%
2010
225
−14.1%
2019 (est.) 225
0.0%
U.S. Decennial Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 262 people, 105 households, and 76 families residing in the town. The population density was 259.4/km 2 (674.2/mi 2 ). There were 119 housing units at an average density of 117.8/km 2 (306.2/mi 2 ). The racial makeup of the town was 97.71% White, 1.91% from other races, and 0.38% from two or more races. 5.34% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 105 households, out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.7% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffithville,_Arkansas
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1319257868#6_1454416323
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Title: Ground loop (aviation) - Wikipedia
Headings: Ground loop (aviation)
Ground loop (aviation)
Contents
Looping phenomenon
Contributing factors
Intentional looping
References
Content: Intentional looping
Pilots may decide to execute a ground loop deliberately, usually as a last resort before hitting an immovable object, as in the case of China Airlines Flight 605. In such cases, energy may be dissipated by damaging the wings of the aircraft to protect the occupants seated in the fuselage. References
^ Love, Michael Charles (1995). Better Takeoffs & Landings. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 75–76. ISBN 0-07-038805-9. ^ Rogers, Earl E. (2002). Captain.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1324017094#0_1460222956
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Title: Growth management - Wikipedia
Headings: Growth management
Growth management
Contents
Types of growth management
California studies
Comprehensive planning
See also
References
External links
Content: Growth management - Wikipedia
Growth management
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (February 2015)
( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: " Growth management" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR
(October 2014)
( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Growth management, in the United States, is a set of techniques used by the government to ensure that as the population grows that there are services available to meet their demands. Growth management goes beyond traditional land use planning, zoning and subdivision controls in both the characteristics of development influenced and the scope of government powers used.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1324017094#1_1460224685
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Title: Growth management - Wikipedia
Headings: Growth management
Growth management
Contents
Types of growth management
California studies
Comprehensive planning
See also
References
External links
Content: Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: " Growth management" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR
(October 2014)
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Growth management, in the United States, is a set of techniques used by the government to ensure that as the population grows that there are services available to meet their demands. Growth management goes beyond traditional land use planning, zoning and subdivision controls in both the characteristics of development influenced and the scope of government powers used. These are not necessarily only government services. Other demands such as the protection of natural spaces, sufficient and affordable housing, delivery of utilities, preservation of buildings and places of historical value, and sufficient places for the conduct of business are also considered. Contents
1 Types of growth management
2 California studies
3 Comprehensive planning
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Types of growth management
There are a wide variety of tools or techniques used by local governments to reduce development or to shift it to other places. A major technique is the application of zoning to reduce the cost of service delivery. Zoning can be used to reduce the area affected by urbanization, allowing the same number of people to live and work in a smaller area, allowing governmental services to be delivered more efficiently.
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Title: Growth management - Wikipedia
Headings: Growth management
Growth management
Contents
Types of growth management
California studies
Comprehensive planning
See also
References
External links
Content: These are not necessarily only government services. Other demands such as the protection of natural spaces, sufficient and affordable housing, delivery of utilities, preservation of buildings and places of historical value, and sufficient places for the conduct of business are also considered. Contents
1 Types of growth management
2 California studies
3 Comprehensive planning
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Types of growth management
There are a wide variety of tools or techniques used by local governments to reduce development or to shift it to other places. A major technique is the application of zoning to reduce the cost of service delivery. Zoning can be used to reduce the area affected by urbanization, allowing the same number of people to live and work in a smaller area, allowing governmental services to be delivered more efficiently. For example, fire protection and emergency medical response services are less expensive to provide in compact areas than in areas where the population is more spread out. This results in lower expenditures for the same level of service, which saves taxpayer dollars. The efficiencies gained can also result in benefits to the private sector. For example, grocery stores and pizza delivery businesses can serve only a limited area. If more customers are located within their service delivery area, the cost of delivering their services is decreased.
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Title: Growth management - Wikipedia
Headings: Growth management
Growth management
Contents
Types of growth management
California studies
Comprehensive planning
See also
References
External links
Content: For example, fire protection and emergency medical response services are less expensive to provide in compact areas than in areas where the population is more spread out. This results in lower expenditures for the same level of service, which saves taxpayer dollars. The efficiencies gained can also result in benefits to the private sector. For example, grocery stores and pizza delivery businesses can serve only a limited area. If more customers are located within their service delivery area, the cost of delivering their services is decreased. Undeveloped land at the periphery of urban areas is often the target of growth management efforts since its future use is yet to be determined. That land can be targeted for agricultural use or low density residential development. Reducing the allowable density of development (downzoning) was a tool adopted by suburban jurisdictions in California in the 1970s to attempt to prevent intense development in the future. The problem with such approaches is that they lead to lawsuits as owners of that land perceive the downzoning as a taking of their rights without compensation. Changing zoning rules to allow fewer future developments almost always leads to suits by owners.
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Title: Growth management - Wikipedia
Headings: Growth management
Growth management
Contents
Types of growth management
California studies
Comprehensive planning
See also
References
External links
Content: Preventing suburban densities from affecting a large area also has the effect of providing open spaces so that people who wish to live in a rural setting can do so without urbanization threatening their lifestyle. California studies
Jurisdictions throughout the United States have experimented with local growth management measures designed to limit the growth of residential or commercial development within their jurisdiction or to shift them to areas with less development. Glickfeld and Levine conducted two major studies of growth management measures in virtually all California cities and counties in 1988 and 1992. The first study inquired about 18 different types of growth management measures. The vast majority of the jurisdictions had adopted one or more growth management measures to affect residential, commercial or new development. These varied from requiring adequate service levels as a condition for receiving approval to construct residential or commercial developments to measures that reduced permitted residential density to measures that restricted the height of buildings or the floor area ratio on a given parcel. Typically, jurisdictions near the Pacific coastline had more restrictions than those in the interior of the state. The second study showed that over the four-year period between the two surveys the cumulative effect of growth-management legislation showed no relationship to permitted construction values for California as a whole when controlling for population growth and interest rates. However, a follow-up study showed that the measures helped displace new construction from the metropolitan areas to the interiors of the state with low income and minority populations being particularly impacted. That is, the measures did not affect overall construction levels in California but did affect where new construction was built.
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Title: Growth management - Wikipedia
Headings: Growth management
Growth management
Contents
Types of growth management
California studies
Comprehensive planning
See also
References
External links
Content: These varied from requiring adequate service levels as a condition for receiving approval to construct residential or commercial developments to measures that reduced permitted residential density to measures that restricted the height of buildings or the floor area ratio on a given parcel. Typically, jurisdictions near the Pacific coastline had more restrictions than those in the interior of the state. The second study showed that over the four-year period between the two surveys the cumulative effect of growth-management legislation showed no relationship to permitted construction values for California as a whole when controlling for population growth and interest rates. However, a follow-up study showed that the measures helped displace new construction from the metropolitan areas to the interiors of the state with low income and minority populations being particularly impacted. That is, the measures did not affect overall construction levels in California but did affect where new construction was built. Comprehensive planning
The application of growth management techniques is often governed by the development of a comprehensive plan. The plan can be used to measure the impact that new growth will have on the community and define the method by which that impact is mitigated. Several states have adopted state measures to govern local growth management ordinances. Pioneers in statewide United States growth management were Oregon, which established Urban Growth Boundaries in the 1970s and Florida which passed the Growth Management Act in 1985. See also
Smart Growth
Regional planning
Urban planning
Landscape planning
References
^ Caves, R. W. (2004).
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Title: Growth management - Wikipedia
Headings: Growth management
Growth management
Contents
Types of growth management
California studies
Comprehensive planning
See also
References
External links
Content: Comprehensive planning
The application of growth management techniques is often governed by the development of a comprehensive plan. The plan can be used to measure the impact that new growth will have on the community and define the method by which that impact is mitigated. Several states have adopted state measures to govern local growth management ordinances. Pioneers in statewide United States growth management were Oregon, which established Urban Growth Boundaries in the 1970s and Florida which passed the Growth Management Act in 1985. See also
Smart Growth
Regional planning
Urban planning
Landscape planning
References
^ Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. p. 322. ^ M Glickfeld & N Levine (1992). Regional Growth...Local Reaction:
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Title: Growth management - Wikipedia
Headings: Growth management
Growth management
Contents
Types of growth management
California studies
Comprehensive planning
See also
References
External links
Content: Urban Studies, 1999. 36 12, 2047-2068. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1080/0042098992539
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-06-08. Retrieved 2014-10-23. CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link)
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Title: Gulf Cooperation Council - Wikipedia
Headings: Gulf Cooperation Council
Gulf Cooperation Council
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Content: Other stated objectives include: Formulating similar regulations in various fields such as religion, finance, trade, customs, tourism, legislation, and administration. Fostering scientific and technical progress in industry, mining, agriculture, water and animal resources. Establishing scientific research centers. Setting up joint ventures. Unified military ( Peninsula Shield Force)
Encouraging cooperation of the private sector. Strengthening ties between their people. Play media
President Obama, CIA Director Brennan and King Salman of Saudi Arabia at the GCC–U.S. Summit in Riyadh on 21 April 2016
This area has some of the fastest-growing economies in the world, mostly due to a boom in oil and natural gas revenues coupled with a building and investment boom backed by decades of saved petroleum revenues. In an effort to build a tax base and economic foundation before the reserves run out, the UAE's investment arms, including Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, retain over US$900 billion in assets. Other regional funds also have several hundreds of billions of dollars of assets under management.
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Content: Arab states of the Persian Gulf - Wikipedia
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Gulf countries)
Jump to navigationJump to search
Overview of Arab states located in or bordering the Persian Gulf
This article may need to be rewrittento comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk pagemay contain suggestions. ( June 2018)
The Arab states of the Persian Gulfare the seven Arab stateswhich border the Persian Gulf, namely Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabiaand the United Arab Emirates(UAE), All Gulf states are located in the Arabian Peninsulaexcept for Iraq[citation needed]. [ 1][2][3]All of these states except Iraq are part of the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC),[4]and prefer to use the term "Arabian Gulf" rather than the historical name of the Persian Gulf. [ 5]
The Persian Gulf's coastline skirts seven Arab countries on its western shores and Iranto the east. ( Oman's Musandam peninsulameets the Persian gulf at the Strait of Hormuz)
Contents
1Politics
2Culture
3Freedom of press
4Peace
5Economy
6See also
7References
8Further reading
9External links
Politics[edit]
Some states are constitutional monarchieswith elected parliaments. Bahrain(Majlis al Watani) and Kuwait(Majlis al Ummah) have legislatures with members elected by the population. The Sultanate of Oman also has an advisory council (Majlis ash-Shura) that is popularly elected. In the UAE, a federation of seven monarchical emirates, the Federal National Councilfunctions only as an advisory body, but some of its members are now chosen via a limited electoral collegenominated by the seven rulers.
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The inhabitants of Eastern Arabia's coastshare similar cultures and music styles such as fijiri, sawtand liwa. The most noticeable cultural trait of Eastern Arabia's Arabs is their orientation and focus towards the sea.[37] Maritime-focused life in the small Arab states has resulted in a sea-oriented societywhere livelihoods have traditionally been earned in marine industries. [ 37]
Before the GCC was formed in 1981, the term "Khaleeji" was solely used to refer to the inhabitants of Eastern Arabia.[38] Historically, "Khaleeji" meant descendants of Ichthyophagi, the coast-dwelling"fish eaters".[39] Geographically, the Arabic-speaking is solely Eastern Arabia. [ 40][41]
Freedom of press[edit]
Press in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf have varying degrees of freedom with Kuwait topping the league with a lively press that enjoys considerably more freedom than its Persian Gulf counterparts according to Freedom Houseand Reporters Without Borders. Both organizations rank Kuwait's press as the most free of all Arab states of the Persian Gulf and, in fact, rank amongst the top three most free press in the Arab world. [ 42][43]Qatar and Oman come in second and third respectively within the regional ranks. Peace[edit]
The six Arab states of the Persian Gulf lie in a volatile region and their six governments, with varying degrees of success and effort, try and advance peace in their own countries and other countries. However, Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region - specifically Saudi Arabia and Qatar - stand accused of funding Islamist militants such as Hamasand the Muslim Brotherhood.[44] According to the Institute of Economics and Peace (IEP)'s Global Peace Index of 2016, the six governments had varying degrees of success in maintaining peace amongst their respective borders with Qatar ranked number 1 amongst its regional peers as the most peaceful regional and Middle Eastern nation (and ranked 34 worldwide) while Kuwait ranks second in both the regional and the Middle East region (and 51 worldwide) followed by the UAE in the third spot (61 worldwide). [ 45]
Economy[edit]
Map of the Gulf Cooperation Council's members (Iraq is not a member). All of these Arab states have significant revenues from petroleum.
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Content: 42][43]Qatar and Oman come in second and third respectively within the regional ranks. Peace[edit]
The six Arab states of the Persian Gulf lie in a volatile region and their six governments, with varying degrees of success and effort, try and advance peace in their own countries and other countries. However, Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region - specifically Saudi Arabia and Qatar - stand accused of funding Islamist militants such as Hamasand the Muslim Brotherhood.[44] According to the Institute of Economics and Peace (IEP)'s Global Peace Index of 2016, the six governments had varying degrees of success in maintaining peace amongst their respective borders with Qatar ranked number 1 amongst its regional peers as the most peaceful regional and Middle Eastern nation (and ranked 34 worldwide) while Kuwait ranks second in both the regional and the Middle East region (and 51 worldwide) followed by the UAE in the third spot (61 worldwide). [ 45]
Economy[edit]
Map of the Gulf Cooperation Council's members (Iraq is not a member). All of these Arab states have significant revenues from petroleum. The United Arab Emirateshas been successfully diversifying the economy. 79% of UAE's total GDPcomes from non-oil sectors.[46] Oil accounts for only 2% of Dubai's GDP.[47] Bahrain has the Persian Gulf's first "post-oil" economy because the Bahraini economy does not rely on oil.[48] Since the late 20th century, Bahrain has heavily invested in the bankingand tourismsectors.[49] The country's capital, Manamais home to many large financial structures. The UAE and Bahrain have a high Human Development Index(ranking 31 and 42 worldwide respectively in 2019) and was recognised by the World Bankas high income economies. In addition, the small coastal states (especially Bahrain and Kuwait) were successful centers of trade and commerce prior to oil. Eastern Arabia also had significant pearl banks, but the pearling industry collapsed in the 1930s after the development of cultured pearlmethods by Japanese scientists. [
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Content: The United Arab Emirateshas been successfully diversifying the economy. 79% of UAE's total GDPcomes from non-oil sectors.[46] Oil accounts for only 2% of Dubai's GDP.[47] Bahrain has the Persian Gulf's first "post-oil" economy because the Bahraini economy does not rely on oil.[48] Since the late 20th century, Bahrain has heavily invested in the bankingand tourismsectors.[49] The country's capital, Manamais home to many large financial structures. The UAE and Bahrain have a high Human Development Index(ranking 31 and 42 worldwide respectively in 2019) and was recognised by the World Bankas high income economies. In addition, the small coastal states (especially Bahrain and Kuwait) were successful centers of trade and commerce prior to oil. Eastern Arabia also had significant pearl banks, but the pearling industry collapsed in the 1930s after the development of cultured pearlmethods by Japanese scientists. [ citation needed]
According to the World Bank, most of these Arab states have been the world's most generous donors of aid as a share of GDP. [ 50]
See also[edit]
Persian Gulf naming dispute
Arabian Peninsula
List of rulers of the Arabian Peninsula
Arab League–Iran relations
References[edit]
^Mary Ann Tétreault; Gwenn Okruhlik; Andrzej Kapiszewski (2011). Political Change in the Arab Gulf States:
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Title: Arab states of the Persian Gulf - Wikipedia
Headings: Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Contents
Politics
Culture
Freedom of press
Peace
Economy
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Arab states of the Persian Gulf - Wikipedia
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Gulf states (Middle East))
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Overview of Arab states located in or bordering the Persian Gulf
This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions. ( June 2018)
The Arab states of the Persian Gulf are the seven Arab states which border the Persian Gulf, namely Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), All Gulf states are located in the Arabian Peninsula except for Iraq. All of these states except Iraq are part of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and prefer to use the term " Arabian Gulf " rather than the historical name of the Persian Gulf. The Persian Gulf 's coastline skirts seven Arab countries on its western shores and Iran to the east. ( Oman 's Musandam peninsula meets the Persian gulf at the Strait of Hormuz)
Contents
1 Politics
2 Culture
3 Freedom of press
4 Peace
5 Economy
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Politics
Some states are constitutional monarchies with elected parliaments. Bahrain ( Majlis al Watani) and Kuwait ( Majlis al Ummah) have legislatures with members elected by the population. The Sultanate of Oman also has an advisory council ( Majlis ash-Shura) that is popularly elected. In the UAE, a federation of seven monarchical emirates, the Federal National Council functions only as an advisory body, but some of its members are now chosen via a limited electoral college nominated by the seven rulers.
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Title: Arab states of the Persian Gulf - Wikipedia
Headings: Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Contents
Politics
Culture
Freedom of press
Peace
Economy
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Maritime -focused life in the small Arab states has resulted in a sea-oriented society where livelihoods have traditionally been earned in marine industries. Before the GCC was formed in 1981, the term "Khaleeji" was solely used to refer to the inhabitants of Eastern Arabia. Historically, "Khaleeji" meant descendants of Ichthyophagi, the coast-dwelling "fish eaters". Geographically, the Arabic-speaking is solely Eastern Arabia. Freedom of press
Press in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf have varying degrees of freedom with Kuwait topping the league with a lively press that enjoys considerably more freedom than its Persian Gulf counterparts according to Freedom House and Reporters Without Borders. Both organizations rank Kuwait's press as the most free of all Arab states of the Persian Gulf and, in fact, rank amongst the top three most free press in the Arab world. Qatar and Oman come in second and third respectively within the regional ranks. Peace
The six Arab states of the Persian Gulf lie in a volatile region and their six governments, with varying degrees of success and effort, try and advance peace in their own countries and other countries. However, Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region - specifically Saudi Arabia and Qatar - stand accused of funding Islamist militants such as Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood. According to the Institute of Economics and Peace (IEP)'s Global Peace Index of 2016, the six governments had varying degrees of success in maintaining peace amongst their respective borders with Qatar ranked number 1 amongst its regional peers as the most peaceful regional and Middle Eastern nation (and ranked 34 worldwide) while Kuwait ranks second in both the regional and the Middle East region (and 51 worldwide) followed by the UAE in the third spot (61 worldwide).
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Title: Arab states of the Persian Gulf - Wikipedia
Headings: Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Contents
Politics
Culture
Freedom of press
Peace
Economy
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Both organizations rank Kuwait's press as the most free of all Arab states of the Persian Gulf and, in fact, rank amongst the top three most free press in the Arab world. Qatar and Oman come in second and third respectively within the regional ranks. Peace
The six Arab states of the Persian Gulf lie in a volatile region and their six governments, with varying degrees of success and effort, try and advance peace in their own countries and other countries. However, Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region - specifically Saudi Arabia and Qatar - stand accused of funding Islamist militants such as Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood. According to the Institute of Economics and Peace (IEP)'s Global Peace Index of 2016, the six governments had varying degrees of success in maintaining peace amongst their respective borders with Qatar ranked number 1 amongst its regional peers as the most peaceful regional and Middle Eastern nation (and ranked 34 worldwide) while Kuwait ranks second in both the regional and the Middle East region (and 51 worldwide) followed by the UAE in the third spot (61 worldwide). Economy
Map of the Gulf Cooperation Council 's members (Iraq is not a member). All of these Arab states have significant revenues from petroleum. The United Arab Emirates has been successfully diversifying the economy. 79% of UAE's total GDP comes from non-oil sectors. Oil accounts for only 2% of Dubai's GDP.
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Title: Arab states of the Persian Gulf - Wikipedia
Headings: Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Contents
Politics
Culture
Freedom of press
Peace
Economy
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Economy
Map of the Gulf Cooperation Council 's members (Iraq is not a member). All of these Arab states have significant revenues from petroleum. The United Arab Emirates has been successfully diversifying the economy. 79% of UAE's total GDP comes from non-oil sectors. Oil accounts for only 2% of Dubai's GDP. Bahrain has the Persian Gulf's first "post-oil" economy because the Bahraini economy does not rely on oil. Since the late 20th century, Bahrain has heavily invested in the banking and tourism sectors. The country's capital, Manama is home to many large financial structures. The UAE and Bahrain have a high Human Development Index (ranking 31 and 42 worldwide respectively in 2019) and was recognised by the World Bank as high income economies . In addition, the small coastal states (especially Bahrain and Kuwait) were successful centers of trade and commerce prior to oil.
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Title: Arab states of the Persian Gulf - Wikipedia
Headings: Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Contents
Politics
Culture
Freedom of press
Peace
Economy
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Bahrain has the Persian Gulf's first "post-oil" economy because the Bahraini economy does not rely on oil. Since the late 20th century, Bahrain has heavily invested in the banking and tourism sectors. The country's capital, Manama is home to many large financial structures. The UAE and Bahrain have a high Human Development Index (ranking 31 and 42 worldwide respectively in 2019) and was recognised by the World Bank as high income economies . In addition, the small coastal states (especially Bahrain and Kuwait) were successful centers of trade and commerce prior to oil. Eastern Arabia also had significant pearl banks, but the pearling industry collapsed in the 1930s after the development of cultured pearl methods by Japanese scientists. According to the World Bank, most of these Arab states have been the world's most generous donors of aid as a share of GDP. See also
Persian Gulf naming dispute
Arabian Peninsula
List of rulers of the Arabian Peninsula
Arab League–Iran relations
References
^ Mary Ann Tétreault; Gwenn Okruhlik; Andrzej Kapiszewski (2011).
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Title: Arab states of the Persian Gulf - Wikipedia
Headings: Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Contents
Politics
Culture
Freedom of press
Peace
Economy
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Eastern Arabia also had significant pearl banks, but the pearling industry collapsed in the 1930s after the development of cultured pearl methods by Japanese scientists. According to the World Bank, most of these Arab states have been the world's most generous donors of aid as a share of GDP. See also
Persian Gulf naming dispute
Arabian Peninsula
List of rulers of the Arabian Peninsula
Arab League–Iran relations
References
^ Mary Ann Tétreault; Gwenn Okruhlik; Andrzej Kapiszewski (2011). Political Change in the Arab Gulf States: Stuck in Transition. The authors first focus on the politics of seven Gulf states: Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. ^ World Migration 2005 Costs and Benefits of International Migration.
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Title: Arab states of the Persian Gulf - Wikipedia
Headings: Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Contents
Politics
Culture
Freedom of press
Peace
Economy
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Political Change in the Arab Gulf States: Stuck in Transition. The authors first focus on the politics of seven Gulf states: Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. ^ World Migration 2005 Costs and Benefits of International Migration. International Organization for Migration. 2005. p. 53. ^ "U.S. Official to Tour Persian Gulf Arab Lands". The New York Times.
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Title: Gustaf Skarsgård - Wikipedia
Headings: Gustaf Skarsgård
Gustaf Skarsgård
Contents
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Notes
References
External links
Content: Gustaf Skarsgård - Wikipedia
Gustaf Skarsgård
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Swedish actor
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Gustaf Skarsgård
Skarsgård at the 48th Guldbagge Awards in Stockholm, 2010
Born
Gustaf Caspar Orm Skarsgård
( 1980-11-12)
12 November 1980 (age 40)
Stockholm, Sweden
Occupation
Actor • video game director
Years active
1989–present
Partner (s)
Hanna Alström (1999–2005)
Parent (s)
Stellan Skarsgård
My Skarsgård
Family
Alexander Skarsgård (brother)
Bill Skarsgård (brother)
Valter Skarsgård (brother)
Gustaf Caspar Orm Skarsgård (born 12 November 1980) is a Swedish actor & director He is best known outside Scandinavia for his role as Floki in the History Channel series Vikings as well as for his roles in the films Evil (2003), The Way Back (2010) and Kon-Tiki (2012). He also played Karl Strand in the second season of the HBO series Westworld . Contents
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Awards and distinctions
5 Filmography
5.1 Film
5.2 Television
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Early life
Gustaf Skarsgård was born in Stockholm, Sweden, to Swedish actor Stellan Skarsgård and his first wife, My, a physician. He has five siblings: Alexander, Sam, Bill, Eija and Valter, and two half-brothers Ossian and Kolbjörn from his father's second wife, Megan Everett. Alexander, Bill, and Valter are also actors.
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Title: Gustaf Skarsgård - Wikipedia
Headings: Gustaf Skarsgård
Gustaf Skarsgård
Contents
Early life
Career
Personal life
Awards and distinctions
Filmography
Film
Television
Notes
References
External links
Content: His godfather is Swedish actor Peter Stormare . Career
In 1989, as a nine-year-old, Gustaf Skarsgård acted in the Swedish Film Codename Coq Rouge. After attending Teaterhögskolan in Stockholm from 1998 to 2003, Gustaf Skarsgård joined the Royal Dramatic Theatre. He played in several of Shakespeare’s, Chekhov's and Söderberg’s works both on the Royal Dramatic Theatre and on Stockholm City Theatre. In 2003 he performed in Evil and 2008 in Patrik 1,5. For both roles he was nominated for the Guldbagge Awards as Best Supporting Actor and as Best Leading Actor. Finally, he received the prize as Best Leading Actor for his role in Förortsungar. In 2012, Skarsgård joined the History Channel's series Vikings in the role of Floki, the shipbuilder. In March 2019, Skarsgård joined Cursed, a Netflix original television series based on a re-imaging of the Arthurian legend, in the role of Merlin. The first season was released on July 17 2020.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1347373117#3_1485620014
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Title: Gustaf Skarsgård - Wikipedia
Headings: Gustaf Skarsgård
Gustaf Skarsgård
Contents
Early life
Career
Personal life
Awards and distinctions
Filmography
Film
Television
Notes
References
External links
Content: For both roles he was nominated for the Guldbagge Awards as Best Supporting Actor and as Best Leading Actor. Finally, he received the prize as Best Leading Actor for his role in Förortsungar. In 2012, Skarsgård joined the History Channel's series Vikings in the role of Floki, the shipbuilder. In March 2019, Skarsgård joined Cursed, a Netflix original television series based on a re-imaging of the Arthurian legend, in the role of Merlin. The first season was released on July 17 2020. Personal life
Gustaf Skarsgård was in a long term relationship with actress Hanna Alström from 1999 to 2005. He resides in Sweden and Los Angeles . Awards and distinctions
Skarsgård won a Guldbagge Awards for Kidz In da Hood. He won the European Film Academy’s Shooting Stars Award in 2007. Filmography
Film
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1989
Prima ballerina
Spinken
Short
1989
Täcknamn Coq Rouge
Erik Hamilton
1995
Sommaren
Steffe
Credited as Gustav Skarsgård
1996
Euroboy
Robber
Short
2002
Kontrakt
Short
2002
The Invisible
Niklas
2002
Gåvan
David
Short
2003
Evil
Otto Silverhielm
2003
Detaljer
Daniel (old)
2004
The Color of Milk
The Stranger
2004
Babylonsjukan
Olle, Maja's boyfriend
2006
Kidz in da Hood
Johan
2007
Pyramiden
Kurt Wallander (aged 24)
Video
2007
Arn – The Knight Templar
King Canute I of Sweden
2008
Iskariot
Adam
2008
Arn – The Kingdom at Road's End
King Canute I of Sweden
2008
Patrik, Age 1.5
Göran Skoogh
2009
May Fly
Jimmy
Short
2010
Trust Me
Jon
2010
The Way Back
Voss
2011
Happy End
Peter
2011
Människor helt utan betydelse
Director and writer
2012
Kon-Tiki
Bengt Danielsson
2013
Autumn Blood
The Butcher
2013
Vi
Krister
2013
The Big Leap
John
Short
2013
The Galapagos Affair:
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1416311123#5_1561493339
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Title: Hard determinism - Wikipedia
Headings: Hard determinism
Hard determinism
Contents
History
Classical era
Modern era
Contemporary history
Overview
Implications for ethics
Psychological effects of belief in hard determinism
See also
References
Content: Different causal descriptions correspond to the mental and physical domain. Laws of thermodynamics and quantum mechanics govern the latter. Admitting downright mental causation of physiological impulses would mean surplus determination. The surmise that under identical conditions, alternative decisions and actions are possible is disproved by naturalists as an illusion. Hard determinism is not taken to refer merely to a determinism on earth, but in all of reality (e.g. involving the effects of light from other galaxies, etc.); not just during a certain deterministic period of time, but for all time. This also means that the relation of necessity will be bi-directional. Just as the initial conditions of the universe presumably determine all future states, so too does the present necessitate the past. In other words, one could not change any one fact without affecting the entire timeline. Because hard determinists often support this eternalist view of time, they do not believe that there are genuine chances or possibilities, only the idea that events are 100% likely.
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Title: Hard determinism - Wikipedia
Headings: Hard determinism
Hard determinism
Contents
History
Classical era
Modern era
Contemporary history
Overview
Implications for ethics
Psychological effects of belief in hard determinism
See also
References
Content: Andreas Albrecht of Imperial College in London called it a "provocative" solution to one of the central problems facing physics. Although he "wouldn't dare" go so far as to say he believes it, he noted that "it's actually quite difficult to construct a theory where everything we see is all there is." The feasibility of testing determinism is always challenged by what is known, or what is thought to be known, about the idea of a final, all-encompassing, theory of everything. Some physicists challenge the likelihood of determinism on the grounds that certain interpretations of quantum mechanics stipulate that the universe is fundamentally indeterministic, such as the Copenhagen interpretation; whereas other interpretations are deterministic, for example, the De Broglie-Bohm theory and the many-worlds interpretation . Chaos theory describes how a deterministic system can exhibit perplexing behavior that is difficult to predict: as in the butterfly effect, minor variations between the starting conditions of two systems can result in major differences. Yet chaos theory is a wholly deterministic thesis; it merely demonstrates the potential for vastly different consequences from very similar initial conditions. Properly understood, then, it enlightens and reinforces the deterministic claim.
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Title: Harlem on My Mind protest - Wikipedia
Headings: Harlem on My Mind protest
Harlem on My Mind protest
Contents
Background
Harlem on My Mind
Black Emergency Cultural Coalition (BECC)
Defacement
List of defaced works
Responses
Official responses
Art criticism
Artists and activists
Further reading
References
Content: Portions of the essay can be found quoted within Bridget R. Cooks ' 2011 work Exhibiting Blackness: African Americans and the American Art Museum (University of Massachusetts Press). Black Emergency Cultural Coalition (BECC)
The BECC was organized in January 1969 by a group of 75 African American artists in direct response to the Metropolitan Museum of Art's "Harlem on My Mind" exhibit. The co-chairmen at the time of creation were Benny Andrews, Henri Ghent, and Edward Taylor. Defacement
" Christ with a Staff ," by an unknown follower of Rembrandt. Third quarter, 17th century. Metropolitan Museum of Art. On January 16, 1969, ten paintings were defaced in response to the Harlem on My Mind exhibit. Small "H's" (as large as five inches tall) were scratched mostly into varnish covering the paintings, but in one case, into the actual pigments. None went through the canvases, and all paintings were successfully repaired.
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Title: Harlem on My Mind protest - Wikipedia
Headings: Harlem on My Mind protest
Harlem on My Mind protest
Contents
Background
Harlem on My Mind
Black Emergency Cultural Coalition (BECC)
Defacement
List of defaced works
Responses
Official responses
Art criticism
Artists and activists
Further reading
References
Content: Third quarter, 17th century. Metropolitan Museum of Art. On January 16, 1969, ten paintings were defaced in response to the Harlem on My Mind exhibit. Small "H's" (as large as five inches tall) were scratched mostly into varnish covering the paintings, but in one case, into the actual pigments. None went through the canvases, and all paintings were successfully repaired. The vandal (s) weren't caught, and BECC denounced the vandalism. List of defaced works
Follower of Rembrandt. Christ with a Staff. 1661
Gerard David. Rest on the Flight into Egypt.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1438435395#8_1586778447
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Title: Harvey Washington Wiley - Wikipedia
Headings: Harvey Washington Wiley
Harvey Washington Wiley
Contents
Early life and career
Government career
Work at Good Housekeeping
Death
Legacy
Depictions of Harvey W. Wiley and advocation for the U.S. Pure Food and Drug Laws
Publications
See also
References
Citations
General sources
Further reading
External links
Content: The volunteers became known as The Poison Squad. Wiley was originally aiming just to get foods labelled to correctly show their additives. However, he concluded that certain chemicals should be banned. The food industry rose in protest. The proposed Food Bill of 1902 failed to even register a vote, being defeated by lobbyists. He sought the support of female groups, not due to their direct political influence (as they still had none) but due to the domestic pressure which they could exert. The campaign spilled into wider community health and welfare, calling for public (municipal) control of all water supplies and sewer systems. His campaign gained weight when Fanny Farmer joined and paralleled the call for "pure food". Heinz were one of the first companies to join the push for pure food and changed their recipe for tomato ketchup in 1902 to replace chemical preservatives with vinegar and introducing very hygienic practices into their factories. In 1905 the Poison Squad was set to work on salicylic acid which was used in multiple products.
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Title: Hashtag activism - Wikipedia
Headings: Hashtag activism
Hashtag activism
Contents
History
Notable examples
Anti-discrimination
#BlackLivesMatter
#IStandWithAhmed
#TakeAKnee
#MyAsianAmericanStory
#thisis2016
#OscarsSoWhite
#DeafTalent
Women's rights
#YesAllWomen
#ShoutYourAbortion
#ilooklikeanengineer
#MeToo
#MosqueMeToo
#WomensMarch
#EleNão
Other examples
Awareness
#Kony2012
#WhyIStayed
#BringBackOurGirls
#AmINext
#PrayforParis
#FakeNews
#ProtectOurWinters
#flygskam
#CoronaVirus
Political
#ArabSpring
#NotOneMore
#NODAPL
#Oromoprotests
#Sosblakaustralia
#IdleNoMore
#UmbrellaRevolution
#MarchforOurLives
#PutItToThePeople
#EndFathersDay
#NoBanNoWall
#WalkAway
Other examples
Trends
#icebucketchallenge and #ALS
#Hallyu
LGBT rights
Publishing
#DignidadLiteraria
#OwnVoices
#PublishingPaidMe
Criticism
Support
See also
References
Content: All of the 20 actors nominated for lead and supporting actor categories were white, despite multiple films that year starring African American leads that had received critics' prizes and guild awards. The campaign sparked a conversation about diversity, representation, and racism in the film industry. The movement is connected to causing enough external pressure to significantly change the racial composition of Academy membership. Following the peak of the hashtag's popularity, the Academy instated 41% minority voters and 46% female voters. Production companies felt the pressure as well, and subsequently diversified their casting and staffing decisions as well, hiring Ava Duvernay, an African-American female director, to head the production of A Wrinkle in Time and hiring non-white actors in the traditionally white Star Wars series. #DeafTalent
Main article: DeafTalent
#DeafTalent is a hashtag used to highlight through social media the capabilities of the deaf and hard of hearing community. Prior to the hashtag's emergence, in the creative industry, hearing actors had been cast in deaf roles. The SAGE Deaf Studies Encyclopedia wrote, "In response to this, the social media hashtags #DeafTalent and #POCDeafTalent were created. The hashtags, while originally used to point out problematic portrayals of deaf characters and sign language in the media, are now also used to celebrate the wide breadth and multiplicity of deaf actors, artists, and other talent in the world."
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Title: Hastings, Minnesota - Wikipedia
Headings: Hastings, Minnesota
Hastings, Minnesota
Contents
History
Railroads
Geography
Demographics
2010 census
2000 census
Transportation
Education
Notable people
Sites of interest
References
External links
Content: Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 11.18 square miles (28.96 km 2 ); 10.24 square miles (26.52 km 2) is land and 0.94 square miles (2.43 km 2) is water. The Mississippi River forms most of Hastings's northern border, while the Vermillion River flows through the southern part of town, over a falls adjacent to a ConAgra grain elevator. Bluffs lie along the northern shore of the Mississippi and there is a gorge surrounding the Vermillion below the falls. Hastings is home to two small lakes, Lake Rebecca and Lake Isabel. Both drain into the Mississippi River. The northeast corner of town is known as "The Bottoms"; an area of soggy marshland and flood plain for the Mississippi and Vermillion Rivers. Hastings is on the Mississippi side of the confluence with the St. Croix River, so that the St. Croix is "across" the Mississippi River. Prescott, Wisconsin is on the Wisconsin side of the confluence.
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Title: Hate Week - Wikipedia
Headings: Hate Week
Hate Week
Contents
Plot summary
Cultural impact
See also
Notes
Content: Hate Week - Wikipedia
Hate Week
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Hate week)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Fictional event in George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four
Hate Week is a fictional event in George Orwell 's 1949 dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. Hate Week is a psychological operation designed to increase the hatred of the population for the current enemy of the totalitarian Party, as much as possible, whichever of the two opposing superstates that may be. Contents
1 Plot summary
2 Cultural impact
3 See also
4 Notes
Plot summary
During one particular Hate Week, Oceania switched allies while a public speaker is in the middle of a sentence, although the disruption was minimal: the posters against the previous enemy were deemed to be "sabotage" of Hate Week conducted by Emmanuel Goldstein and his supporters, summarily torn down by the crowd, and quickly replaced with propaganda against the new enemy, thus demonstrating the ease with which the Party directs the hatred of its members. This ease of direction could also be partially attributed to the similarity in the terms " Eastasia " and " Eurasia " because they are more easily confused. All citizens of Oceania are expected to show appropriate enthusiasm during Hate Week, as well as the daily Two Minutes Hate. While participation in this event is not legally required, avoiding or refusing to do so is said to make one appear suspicious to the Thought Police, generally resulting in the vaporisation (execution) of the perpetrator. This ensures that they are against the opposing party and still allied with Big Brother. Hate Week is celebrated in late summer. The events during that time include waxwork displays, military parades, speeches and lectures.
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Title: Hate Week - Wikipedia
Headings: Hate Week
Hate Week
Contents
Plot summary
Cultural impact
See also
Notes
Content: All citizens of Oceania are expected to show appropriate enthusiasm during Hate Week, as well as the daily Two Minutes Hate. While participation in this event is not legally required, avoiding or refusing to do so is said to make one appear suspicious to the Thought Police, generally resulting in the vaporisation (execution) of the perpetrator. This ensures that they are against the opposing party and still allied with Big Brother. Hate Week is celebrated in late summer. The events during that time include waxwork displays, military parades, speeches and lectures. New slogans are also coined and new songs are written. The theme of the Hate Week is called the Hate Song. It is mentioned that a unit from the Fiction Department was assigned to make atrocity pamphlets (falsified reports of atrocities committed by Oceania's enemies against her) designed to stimulate Oceania's populace further into enraged frenzy against all enemies. The aggregate effect of Hate Week thus is to excite the populace to such a point that they "would unquestionably have torn [captured enemy soldiers] to pieces" if given the opportunity. Hate Week is introduced to the reader for the first time in the second paragraph of the first page of Nineteen Eighty-Four;
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Title: Hate Week - Wikipedia
Headings: Hate Week
Hate Week
Contents
Plot summary
Cultural impact
See also
Notes
Content: New slogans are also coined and new songs are written. The theme of the Hate Week is called the Hate Song. It is mentioned that a unit from the Fiction Department was assigned to make atrocity pamphlets (falsified reports of atrocities committed by Oceania's enemies against her) designed to stimulate Oceania's populace further into enraged frenzy against all enemies. The aggregate effect of Hate Week thus is to excite the populace to such a point that they "would unquestionably have torn [captured enemy soldiers] to pieces" if given the opportunity. Hate Week is introduced to the reader for the first time in the second paragraph of the first page of Nineteen Eighty-Four; however, at this point in time, readers have no idea what Hate Week is. " It was part of the economy drive in preparation for Hate Week." Cultural impact
"Hate week" has been adopted by theorists and pundits as a comparator for real life efforts to demonise an enemy of the state. Soviet Literary theorist John Rodden notes that "Hate Week" depicted by George Orwell's 1984 novel anticipates some of the anti-American events in the Soviet Union that followed. Scott Boulding argues similarities between the dystopian hate week and Stalinist efforts to supplant religion with devotional services to the state.
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Title: Hawaiian rebellions (1887–1895) - Wikipedia
Headings: Hawaiian rebellions (1887–1895)
Hawaiian rebellions (1887–1895)
Contents
Rebellion of 1887
Rebellion of 1888
Rebellion of 1889
Rebellion of 1892
Coup d'état of 1893
Black Week
Rebellion of 1895
See also
References
Content: Wilcox Rebellion of 1889
In 1889, a rebellion of Native Hawaiians led by Colonel Robert Wilcox and Robert Boyd attempted to replace the hated Bayonet Constitution and stormed 'Iolani Palace. The rebellion was later crushed. The United States landed Marines to protect American interests, an action later officially endorsed by the State Department. Rebellion of 1892
Main article: Wilcox rebellions § Burlesque Conspiracy
A plot by Native Hawaiians led by Colonel Robert Wilcox attempted to overthrow the monarchy. Coup d'état of 1893
Main article: Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii
According to Queen Liliʻuokalani in her autobiography, Hawaiʻi's Story by Hawaiʻi's Queen, immediately upon ascending the throne, she received petitions from 2/3 of her subjects and the major Native Hawaiian political party in parliament, Hui Kālaiʻāina, asking her to proclaim a new constitution. Believing her actions were supported by both her cabinet and her Native Hawaiian subjects, Liliʻuokalani drafted a new constitution that would restore the monarchy's authority and strip American and European residents of the suffrage they had obtained in 1887 by threat of force against King Kalakaua . In response to Liliʻuokalani's attempt to promulgate a new constitution, a group of European and American residents formed a "Committee of Safety" on January 14, 1893 in opposition to the Queen and her plans. After a mass meeting of supporters, the Committee committed itself to the removal of the Queen, and seeking annexation to the United States.
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Title: Hawaiian rebellions (1887–1895) - Wikipedia
Headings: Hawaiian rebellions (1887–1895)
Hawaiian rebellions (1887–1895)
Contents
Rebellion of 1887
Rebellion of 1888
Rebellion of 1889
Rebellion of 1892
Coup d'état of 1893
Black Week
Rebellion of 1895
See also
References
Content: Coup d'état of 1893
Main article: Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii
According to Queen Liliʻuokalani in her autobiography, Hawaiʻi's Story by Hawaiʻi's Queen, immediately upon ascending the throne, she received petitions from 2/3 of her subjects and the major Native Hawaiian political party in parliament, Hui Kālaiʻāina, asking her to proclaim a new constitution. Believing her actions were supported by both her cabinet and her Native Hawaiian subjects, Liliʻuokalani drafted a new constitution that would restore the monarchy's authority and strip American and European residents of the suffrage they had obtained in 1887 by threat of force against King Kalakaua . In response to Liliʻuokalani's attempt to promulgate a new constitution, a group of European and American residents formed a "Committee of Safety" on January 14, 1893 in opposition to the Queen and her plans. After a mass meeting of supporters, the Committee committed itself to the removal of the Queen, and seeking annexation to the United States. United States Government Minister John L. Stevens Follow the explicit policy that it been laid out by President Cleveland's Secretary of State back in 1887, on the need to use American military forces to protect American interests in Hawaii during a revolutionary episode. Stevens summoned a company of uniformed U.S. Marines from the U.S.S. Boston and two companies of U.S. sailors to land on the Kingdom and take up positions at the U.S. Legation, Consulate, and Arion Hall on the afternoon of January 16, 1893. This deployment was at the request of the Committee of Safety, which claimed an "imminent threat to American lives and property". The Royal military and police forces made no effort whatever to interfere, to stop the revolution, or to protect the Queen. Historian William Russ states, "the injunction to prevent fighting of any kind made it impossible for the monarchy to protect itself."
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Title:
Headings:
Content: Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom - Wikipedia
Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Hawaiian Revolution of 1893)
Jump to navigationJump to search
1893 government overthrow
The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
Part of the Hawaiian Rebellions (1887–95)
The USS Boston's landing force on duty at the Arlington Hotel, Honolulu, at the time of the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, January 1893. Lieutenant Lucien Young, USN, commanded the detachment, and is presumably the officer at right. [ 1]
Date
January 17, 1893; 128 years ago (1893-01-17)
Location
Honolulu, Hawaii
Result
Hawaiian League/ United Statesvictory
Surrender of the Hawaiian Kingdom
Queen Liliʻuokalanirelinquishes power
Provisional Government, later renamed to Republic, established
Hawaii organizedinto a territory, then a stateof the United States
Belligerents
Committee of Safety
United States
Hawaii
Commanders and leaders
Lorrin A. Thurston
John L. Stevens
Queen Liliʻuokalani
Samuel Nowlein
Charles B. Wilson
Strength
United States
1 cruiser, USS Boston
162 US Navyand USMCpersonnel
496 troops[2]
(several) Volunteers
85–110 Police
322–337 Royal Guard
50–65 at ʻIolani Palace
272 at ʻIolani Barracks[3]
8–14 artillery pieces
1 Gatling gun
Casualties and losses
None
1 wounded
v
t
e
Hawaiian Rebellions
Rebellion of 1887
Wilcox Rebellion 1889
Burlesque Conspiracy
Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
Leper War
Black Week
1895 Wilcox rebellion
Part of a serieson the
Hawaiian sovereignty
movement
The inverted Hawaiian flagrepresents the Hawaiian Kingdom in distress and is the main symbol of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement
Main issues
Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
Opposition to the overthrow
Legal status of Hawaii
US federal recognition of Native Hawaiians
Governments
Chiefdom
Kingdom
Provisional Government
Government in Exile
Republic
Territory
State
Historical conflicts
Hawaiian rebellions (1887–1895)
Wilcox rebellion of 1889
Leper War on Kauaʻi
Black Week (Hawaii)
1895 Wilcox rebellion
Modern events
Hawaiian Renaissance
2008 occupation of Iolani Palace
125th anniversary of the overthrow
Parties and organizations
Aloha ʻĀina Party
Home Rule Party of Hawaii
Office of Hawaiian Affairs
Documents and ideas
Blount Report
Morgan Report
Bayonet Constitution
Proposed 1893 Constitution
Kūʻē Petitions
Newlands Resolution
Hawaiian Organic Act
Apology Resolution
Akaka Bill
Books
Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen
Kaua Kuloko1895
v
t
e
The overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdombegan on January 17, 1893, with a coup d'étatagainst Queen Liliʻuokalanion the island of Oahuby subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom, United States citizens, and foreign residents residing in Honolulu. A majority of the insurgents were foreigners. [ 4][5]They prevailed upon American minister John L. Stevensto call in the U.S. Marinesto protect United States interests, an action that effectively buttressed the rebellion. The insurgents established the Republic of Hawaii, but their ultimate goal was the annexationof the islands to the United States, which occurredin 1898. The 1993 Apology Resolutionby the U.S. Congress concedes that "the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii occurred with the active participation of agents and citizens of the United States and [...] the Native Hawaiian people never directly relinquished to the United States their claims to their inherent sovereignty as a people over their national lands, either through the Kingdom of Hawaii or through a plebiscite or referendum". Debates regarding the event play an important role in the Hawaiian sovereignty movement. Contents
1Background
1.1Sugar reciprocity
1.2Rebellion of 1887 and the Bayonet Constitution
1.3Wilcox Rebellion of 1888
1.4Liliʻuokalani attempts to re-write Constitution
2Overthrow
2.1United States involvement
3Aftermath
4Response
4.1United States
4.2International
4.3Hawaiian counter-revolution
5Republic, United States annexation, United States Territory
6See also
7References
8External links
Background[edit]
The Kamehameha Dynastywas the reigning monarchy of the Hawaiian Kingdom, beginning with its founding by Kamehameha Iin 1795, until the death of Kamehameha Vin 1872 and Lunaliloin 1874.[6] On July 6, 1846, U.S. Secretary of StateJohn C. Calhoun, on behalf of President Tyler, formally recognized Hawaii's independence under the reign of Kamehameha III.[7] As a result of the recognition of Hawaiian independence, the Hawaiian Kingdom entered into treaties with the major nations of the world[8]and established over ninety legations and consulates in multiple seaports and cities.[9] The kingdom would continue for another 21 years until its overthrow in 1893 with the fall of the House of Kalākaua. [
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Content: 4][5]They prevailed upon American minister John L. Stevensto call in the U.S. Marinesto protect United States interests, an action that effectively buttressed the rebellion. The insurgents established the Republic of Hawaii, but their ultimate goal was the annexationof the islands to the United States, which occurredin 1898. The 1993 Apology Resolutionby the U.S. Congress concedes that "the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii occurred with the active participation of agents and citizens of the United States and [...] the Native Hawaiian people never directly relinquished to the United States their claims to their inherent sovereignty as a people over their national lands, either through the Kingdom of Hawaii or through a plebiscite or referendum". Debates regarding the event play an important role in the Hawaiian sovereignty movement. Contents
1Background
1.1Sugar reciprocity
1.2Rebellion of 1887 and the Bayonet Constitution
1.3Wilcox Rebellion of 1888
1.4Liliʻuokalani attempts to re-write Constitution
2Overthrow
2.1United States involvement
3Aftermath
4Response
4.1United States
4.2International
4.3Hawaiian counter-revolution
5Republic, United States annexation, United States Territory
6See also
7References
8External links
Background[edit]
The Kamehameha Dynastywas the reigning monarchy of the Hawaiian Kingdom, beginning with its founding by Kamehameha Iin 1795, until the death of Kamehameha Vin 1872 and Lunaliloin 1874.[6] On July 6, 1846, U.S. Secretary of StateJohn C. Calhoun, on behalf of President Tyler, formally recognized Hawaii's independence under the reign of Kamehameha III.[7] As a result of the recognition of Hawaiian independence, the Hawaiian Kingdom entered into treaties with the major nations of the world[8]and established over ninety legations and consulates in multiple seaports and cities.[9] The kingdom would continue for another 21 years until its overthrow in 1893 with the fall of the House of Kalākaua. [ 10]
Sugar reciprocity[edit]
Further information: Sugar plantations in Hawaii
Sugar had been a major export from Hawaii since Captain James Cookarrived in 1778.[11] The first permanent plantation in the islands was on Kauaiin 1835. William Hooperleased 980 acres (4 km²) of land from Kamehameha IIIand began growing sugar cane. Within thirty years there would be plantations on four of the main islands. Sugar had completely altered Hawaii's economy. [
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Title: Hawaiian sovereignty movement - Wikipedia
Headings: Hawaiian sovereignty movement
Hawaiian sovereignty movement
Contents
History
Background
Historical groups
Sovereignty and cultural rights organizations
ALOHA
Ka Lāhui
Ka Pākaukau
Nation of Hawaiʻi
Nou Ke Akua Ke Aupuni O Hawaiʻi – The Kingdom of Hawaiʻi
Mauna Kea Anaina Hou
Poka Laenui
Protect Kahoolawe Ohana (PKO)
Hawaiian Kingdom
Hawaiian Kingdom Government
Hawaiian sovereignty activists and advocates
Reaction
The Apology Bill and the Akaka Bill
Opposition
Proposed United States federal recognition of Native Hawaiians
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Politics
Media
Opposition
Content: A 2005 Grassroot Institute poll found the majority of Hawaiian residents opposed the Akaka Bill. Background
Main articles: Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, Blount Report, and Opposition to the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii
The ancestors of Native Hawaiians may have arrived in the Hawaiian Islands around 350 CE, from other areas of Polynesia. By the time Captain Cook arrived, Hawaii had a well-established culture with a population estimated to be between 400,000 and 900,000 people. Starting in 1795 and completed by 1810, Kamehameha I conquered the entire archipelago and formed the unified Kingdom of Hawaii. In the first one hundred years of contact with Western civilization, due to disease and war, the Hawaiian population dropped by ninety percent, to only 53,900 people in 1876. American missionaries would arrive in 1820 and assume great power and influence. Despite formal recognition of the Kingdom of Hawaii by the United States and other world powers, the kingdom was overthrown beginning January 17, 1893, with a coup d'état orchestrated by, mostly, Americans within the kingdom's legislature, with aid from the United States military. The Blount Report is the popular name given to the part of the 1893 United States House of Representatives Foreign Relations Committee Report regarding the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. The report was conducted by U.S. Commissioner James H. Blount, appointed by U.S. President Grover Cleveland to investigate the events surrounding the January 1893 coup.
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Title: Hawaiian sovereignty movement - Wikipedia
Headings: Hawaiian sovereignty movement
Hawaiian sovereignty movement
Contents
History
Background
Historical groups
Sovereignty and cultural rights organizations
ALOHA
Ka Lāhui
Ka Pākaukau
Nation of Hawaiʻi
Nou Ke Akua Ke Aupuni O Hawaiʻi – The Kingdom of Hawaiʻi
Mauna Kea Anaina Hou
Poka Laenui
Protect Kahoolawe Ohana (PKO)
Hawaiian Kingdom
Hawaiian Kingdom Government
Hawaiian sovereignty activists and advocates
Reaction
The Apology Bill and the Akaka Bill
Opposition
Proposed United States federal recognition of Native Hawaiians
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Politics
Media
Opposition
Content: In the first one hundred years of contact with Western civilization, due to disease and war, the Hawaiian population dropped by ninety percent, to only 53,900 people in 1876. American missionaries would arrive in 1820 and assume great power and influence. Despite formal recognition of the Kingdom of Hawaii by the United States and other world powers, the kingdom was overthrown beginning January 17, 1893, with a coup d'état orchestrated by, mostly, Americans within the kingdom's legislature, with aid from the United States military. The Blount Report is the popular name given to the part of the 1893 United States House of Representatives Foreign Relations Committee Report regarding the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. The report was conducted by U.S. Commissioner James H. Blount, appointed by U.S. President Grover Cleveland to investigate the events surrounding the January 1893 coup. This report provides the first evidence that officially identifies the United States' complicity in the overthrow of the government of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Blount concluded that U.S. Minister to Hawaii John L. Stevens had, in fact, carried out unauthorized partisan activities that included the landing of U.S. Marines under a false or exaggerated pretext to support anti-royalist conspirators; the report went on to find that these actions were instrumental to the success of the revolution and that the revolution was carried out against the wishes of a majority of the population of the Hawaiian Kingdom and/or its Royalty. Native Hawaiians, activists and supporters commemorate January 17 annually. On December 14, 1893, Albert Willis arrived unannounced in Honolulu aboard the USRC Corwin, bringing with him an anticipation of an American invasion in order to restore the monarchy, which became known as the Black Week.
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Title: Health policy - Wikipedia
Headings: Health policy
Health policy
Contents
Background
Personal healthcare policy options
Philosophy: right to health
Economics: healthcare financing
Claims that publicly funded healthcare improves the quality and efficiency of personal health care delivery:
Claims that privately funded healthcare leads to greater quality and efficiencies in personal health care:
Other health policy options
Medical research policy
Health workforce policy
Health in foreign policy
Global health policy
See also
References
External links
Content: Health policy - Wikipedia
Health policy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about policies, plans and strategies across the healthcare sector. For health insurance policies, see Health insurance. For the academic journal, see Health Policy (journal). This " see also " section may contain an excessive number of suggestions. Please ensure that only the most relevant links are given, that they are not red links, and that any links are not already in this article. ( January 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Policy area, which deals with the planning, organization, management and financing of the health system
The headquarters of the World Health Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. Part of a series on
Public health
Subfields of public health
Behavioral health
Community health
Environmental health
Health economics
Health education
Health policy
Health politics
Sexual and reproductive health
Lists and categories
Terminology
Journals
National public health agencies
Medicine portal
v
t
e
Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society". According to the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups;
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Title: Health policy - Wikipedia
Headings: Health policy
Health policy
Contents
Background
Personal healthcare policy options
Philosophy: right to health
Economics: healthcare financing
Claims that publicly funded healthcare improves the quality and efficiency of personal health care delivery:
Claims that privately funded healthcare leads to greater quality and efficiencies in personal health care:
Other health policy options
Medical research policy
Health workforce policy
Health in foreign policy
Global health policy
See also
References
External links
Content: January 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Policy area, which deals with the planning, organization, management and financing of the health system
The headquarters of the World Health Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. Part of a series on
Public health
Subfields of public health
Behavioral health
Community health
Environmental health
Health economics
Health education
Health policy
Health politics
Sexual and reproductive health
Lists and categories
Terminology
Journals
National public health agencies
Medicine portal
v
t
e
Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society". According to the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people. There are many categories of health policies, including global health policy, public health policy, mental health policy, health care services policy, insurance policy, personal healthcare policy, pharmaceutical policy, and policies related to public health such as vaccination policy, tobacco control policy or breastfeeding promotion policy. They may cover topics of financing and delivery of healthcare, access to care, quality of care, and health equity. Contents
1 Background
2 Personal healthcare policy options
2.1 Philosophy: right to health
2.2 Economics:
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Title: Heart of palm - Wikipedia
Headings: Heart of palm
Heart of palm
Contents
Names
Cultivation
Harvesting
Nutrition
See also
References
Content: Heart of palm - Wikipedia
Heart of palm
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Fresh heart of palm
Heart of palm is a vegetable harvested from the inner core and growing bud of certain palm trees, most notably the coconut ( Cocos nucifera ), juçara ( Euterpe edulis ), açaí palm ( Euterpe oleracea ), palmetto ( Sabal spp.), and peach palm. Harvesting of many uncultivated or wild single-stemmed palms results in palm tree death (e.g. Geonoma edulis ). However, other palm species are clonal or multi-stemmed plants (e.g. Prestoea acuminata, Euterpe oleracea) and moderate harvesting will not kill the entire clonal palm. Heart of palm may be eaten on its own, and often it is eaten in a salad . An alternative to wild heart of palm are palm varieties that have become domesticated farm species. The main variety that has been domesticated is Bactris gasipaes, known in English as peach palm. This variety is the most widely used for canning. Peach palms are self- suckering and produce multiple stems, up to 40 on one plant, so harvesting several stems from a plant is not so expensive because the plant can live on. Another advantage it has over other palms is that it has been selectively bred to eliminate the vicious thorns of its wild cousins.
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Title: Heart of palm - Wikipedia
Headings: Heart of palm
Heart of palm
Contents
Names
Cultivation
Harvesting
Nutrition
See also
References
Content: An alternative to wild heart of palm are palm varieties that have become domesticated farm species. The main variety that has been domesticated is Bactris gasipaes, known in English as peach palm. This variety is the most widely used for canning. Peach palms are self- suckering and produce multiple stems, up to 40 on one plant, so harvesting several stems from a plant is not so expensive because the plant can live on. Another advantage it has over other palms is that it has been selectively bred to eliminate the vicious thorns of its wild cousins. Since harvesting is still labor-intensive, palm hearts are regarded as a delicacy. Contents
1 Names
2 Cultivation
3 Harvesting
4 Nutrition
5 See also
6 References
Names
Major local names for heart of palm include palm cabbage or palmetto in Florida and Trinidad; palmito in South and Central America; ubod in the Philippines; coeur de palmier in French;
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Title: Heart of palm - Wikipedia
Headings: Heart of palm
Heart of palm
Contents
Names
Cultivation
Harvesting
Nutrition
See also
References
Content: Since harvesting is still labor-intensive, palm hearts are regarded as a delicacy. Contents
1 Names
2 Cultivation
3 Harvesting
4 Nutrition
5 See also
6 References
Names
Major local names for heart of palm include palm cabbage or palmetto in Florida and Trinidad; palmito in South and Central America; ubod in the Philippines; coeur de palmier in French; corazón de palma or col de palma in Spanish; coração de palma in Portuguese; and cafaglione in Italian. Cultivation
Harvesting and eating heart of palm is traditional in the cultures of Southeast Asia and South and Central America, pre-dating the colonial era. The species used depend on the region.
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Title: Heart of palm - Wikipedia
Headings: Heart of palm
Heart of palm
Contents
Names
Cultivation
Harvesting
Nutrition
See also
References
Content: corazón de palma or col de palma in Spanish; coração de palma in Portuguese; and cafaglione in Italian. Cultivation
Harvesting and eating heart of palm is traditional in the cultures of Southeast Asia and South and Central America, pre-dating the colonial era. The species used depend on the region. In Southeast Asia, the dominant source of hearts of palm are coconuts ( Cocos nucifera ). Other palms species used include rattans ( Calamus spp. and Daemonorops spp.), fishtail palms ( Caryota spp.), areca palm ( Areca catechu ), Linospadix spp.,
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Title: Heart of palm - Wikipedia
Headings: Heart of palm
Heart of palm
Contents
Names
Cultivation
Harvesting
Nutrition
See also
References
Content: In Southeast Asia, the dominant source of hearts of palm are coconuts ( Cocos nucifera ). Other palms species used include rattans ( Calamus spp. and Daemonorops spp.), fishtail palms ( Caryota spp.), areca palm ( Areca catechu ), Linospadix spp., Arenga spp., sago palms ( Metroxylon sagu ), and buri palms ( Corypha spp.), among others. In Central and South America, the dominant species used are juçara palms ( Euterpe edulis ), açaí palms ( Euterpe oleracea ), and pejibaye palms ( Bactris spp.). Other species used include sabal palmettos ( Sabal spp.),
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Title: Heart of palm - Wikipedia
Headings: Heart of palm
Heart of palm
Contents
Names
Cultivation
Harvesting
Nutrition
See also
References
Content: grugru palms ( Acrocomia aculeata ), royal palms ( Roystonea spp.), Astrocaryum spp., maripa palms ( Attalea maripa ), urucuri palms ( Attalea phalerata ), cohune palms ( Attalea cohune ), hesper palms ( Brahea spp.), and Syagrus spp., among others. In South America, Euterpe precatoria (in Peru and Bolivia), Euterpe edulis (in Brazil), and Prestoea acuminata (in Ecuador) were formerly harvested commercially on a large scale, but currently not any longer due to overharvesting. Today, commercially available palmito in South America is typically derived from wild Euterpe oleracea and cultivated Bactris gasipaes. Cultivation has also spread to South Asia, Africa, and other parts of the world, utilizing native palms like Ravenea madagascariensis, Phoenix canariensis, Lodoicea maldivica, and Borassus aethiopum, among others. As of 2008, Costa Rica was the primary source of fresh palm hearts in the U.S. Peach palms are also cultivated in Hawaii, and now have limited distribution on the mainland, primarily to the restaurant trade. Florida 's wild Sabal palmetto or cabbage palm was once a source of hearts of palm but is now protected by conservation law.
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Title: Heart of palm - Wikipedia
Headings: Heart of palm
Heart of palm
Contents
Names
Cultivation
Harvesting
Nutrition
See also
References
Content: In South America, Euterpe precatoria (in Peru and Bolivia), Euterpe edulis (in Brazil), and Prestoea acuminata (in Ecuador) were formerly harvested commercially on a large scale, but currently not any longer due to overharvesting. Today, commercially available palmito in South America is typically derived from wild Euterpe oleracea and cultivated Bactris gasipaes. Cultivation has also spread to South Asia, Africa, and other parts of the world, utilizing native palms like Ravenea madagascariensis, Phoenix canariensis, Lodoicea maldivica, and Borassus aethiopum, among others. As of 2008, Costa Rica was the primary source of fresh palm hearts in the U.S. Peach palms are also cultivated in Hawaii, and now have limited distribution on the mainland, primarily to the restaurant trade. Florida 's wild Sabal palmetto or cabbage palm was once a source of hearts of palm but is now protected by conservation law. Harvesting
Heart of palm being prepared in Brazil for sale
When harvesting the cultivated young palm, the tree is cut down and the bark is removed, leaving layers of white fibers around the center core. During processing, the fibers are removed, leaving the center core or heart of palm. The center core is attached to a slightly more fibrous cylindrical base with a larger diameter. The entire cylindrical center core and the attached base are edible. The center core is considered more of a delicacy because of its lower fiber content.
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Title: Heart of palm - Wikipedia
Headings: Heart of palm
Heart of palm
Contents
Names
Cultivation
Harvesting
Nutrition
See also
References
Content: Harvesting
Heart of palm being prepared in Brazil for sale
When harvesting the cultivated young palm, the tree is cut down and the bark is removed, leaving layers of white fibers around the center core. During processing, the fibers are removed, leaving the center core or heart of palm. The center core is attached to a slightly more fibrous cylindrical base with a larger diameter. The entire cylindrical center core and the attached base are edible. The center core is considered more of a delicacy because of its lower fiber content. Nutrition
Heart of Palm
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy
79.5 kJ (19.0 kcal)
Carbohydrates
3.1 g
Sugars
0.0 g
Dietary fiber
1.6 g
Fat
0.39 g
Protein
1.55 g
Vitamins
Quantity %DV†
Vitamin A equiv. 3%
23.4 μg
Vitamin C
2%
1.9 mg
Minerals
Quantity %DV†
Calcium
5%
47 mg
Iron
16%
2.09 mg
Sodium
23%
349 mg
Link to USDA Database entry
Units
μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams
IU = International units
† Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA FoodData Central
Hearts of palm are rich in fiber, potassium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, copper, vitamins B2, B6, and C. They are ranked as a "good" source of protein, riboflavin, and potassium, and as a "very good source" of dietary fiber, vitamin C, folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, and especially, manganese, along with being a good ratio between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The high sodium content noted on the chart for hearts of palm relates to the canned product;
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Title: Heart of palm - Wikipedia
Headings: Heart of palm
Heart of palm
Contents
Names
Cultivation
Harvesting
Nutrition
See also
References
Content: Nutrition
Heart of Palm
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy
79.5 kJ (19.0 kcal)
Carbohydrates
3.1 g
Sugars
0.0 g
Dietary fiber
1.6 g
Fat
0.39 g
Protein
1.55 g
Vitamins
Quantity %DV†
Vitamin A equiv. 3%
23.4 μg
Vitamin C
2%
1.9 mg
Minerals
Quantity %DV†
Calcium
5%
47 mg
Iron
16%
2.09 mg
Sodium
23%
349 mg
Link to USDA Database entry
Units
μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams
IU = International units
† Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA FoodData Central
Hearts of palm are rich in fiber, potassium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, copper, vitamins B2, B6, and C. They are ranked as a "good" source of protein, riboflavin, and potassium, and as a "very good source" of dietary fiber, vitamin C, folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, and especially, manganese, along with being a good ratio between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The high sodium content noted on the chart for hearts of palm relates to the canned product; it is not present in the fresh product. See also
Banana pith
Palmyra sprout
Deckenia nobilis
Sago
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to heart of palm. ^ Sylvester, O.; Avalos, G. (2009). Illegal palm heart (Geonoma edulis) harvest in Costa Rican national parks:
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Headings: Heart of palm
Heart of palm
Contents
Names
Cultivation
Harvesting
Nutrition
See also
References
Content: patterns of consumption and extraction. Economic Botany. 63 (2): 179-189. ^ a b Zeldes, Leah A. (2010-11-17). " Eat this! Heart of palm, an exotic taste of the tropics". Dining Chicago. Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc. Retrieved 2011-05-18. ^ a b Rose Kahele (August–September 2007). "
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Title: Heart of palm - Wikipedia
Headings: Heart of palm
Heart of palm
Contents
Names
Cultivation
Harvesting
Nutrition
See also
References
Content: Eat this! Heart of palm, an exotic taste of the tropics". Dining Chicago. Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc. Retrieved 2011-05-18. ^ a b Rose Kahele (August–September 2007). " Big Island Hearts". Hana Hou! Vol. 10, No. 4.
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Title: Heart of palm - Wikipedia
Headings: Heart of palm
Heart of palm
Contents
Names
Cultivation
Harvesting
Nutrition
See also
References
Content: ^ a b c d e Tabora, P.C. Jr.; Balick, M.J.; Bovi, M.L.A.; Guerra, M.P.; Williams, J.T. (1993). " Hearts pf palm (Bactris, Euterpe and others)". Underutilized Crops: Pulses and Vegetables (PDF). London: Chapman & Hall.
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Title: Heart of palm - Wikipedia
Headings: Heart of palm
Heart of palm
Contents
Names
Cultivation
Harvesting
Nutrition
See also
References
Content: Hearts pf palm (Bactris, Euterpe and others)". Underutilized Crops: Pulses and Vegetables (PDF). London: Chapman & Hall. pp. 193–218. ISBN 0412466104. ^ Brokamp, Grischa (2015). Relevance and Sustainability of Wild Plant Collection in NW South America:
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Title: Heart of palm - Wikipedia
Headings: Heart of palm
Heart of palm
Contents
Names
Cultivation
Harvesting
Nutrition
See also
References
Content: Fruits & Veggies More Matters. Retrieved 2019-03-21. ^ "Hearts of palm, canned". Self NutritionData. Retrieved 27 August 2019. v
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LCCN: sh2006005531
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heart_of_palm&oldid=1016902551 "
Categories: Edible palms
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Title: Heinz Tomato Ketchup - Wikipedia
Headings: Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Contents
History
Production
Varieties
Edchup
EZ Squirt colored ketchup
Saucy Sauce product line
Packaging
Glass bottles
Merchandising
Counterfeiting scheme
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Heinz Tomato Ketchup - Wikipedia
Heinz Tomato Ketchup
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Heinz Tomato Ketchup
A bottle of Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Product type
Ketchup
Owner
Kraft Heinz
Country
United States
Introduced
1876
Markets
Worldwide
Previous owners
H.J. Heinz Company
Tagline
It has to be Heinz
Website
www .heinz .com
Heinz Tomato Ketchup is a brand of ketchup produced by the H. J. Heinz Company as part of Kraft Heinz. Heinz Ketchup holds 80% of the market share in Europe and 60% in the United States. Contents
1 History
2 Production
3 Varieties
3.1 Edchup
3.2 EZ Squirt colored ketchup
3.3 Saucy Sauce product line
4 Packaging
4.1 Glass bottles
5 Merchandising
6 Counterfeiting scheme
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
History
First introduced as "Catsup" in 1876 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Heinz Tomato Ketchup remains the best selling brand of ketchup. From 1906 it was produced without preservatives. In 1907, Heinz started producing 13 million bottles of ketchup per year, exporting ketchup all over the world, including India, Australia, South America, Japan, Indonesia, New Zealand, South Africa and the United Kingdom. Heinz ketchup is often served at restaurants in the United States and Canada, as well as many other countries. As a condiment for many foods, such as french fries, chips, hamburgers and hot dogs, Heinz ketchup uses the slogan, "America's Favorite Ketchup." As of 2012, there are more than 650 million bottles of Heinz Tomato Ketchup being sold every year throughout the world. In January 2009, the label design was altered, with the illustration of a gherkin pickle that had adorned the label since the 1890s removed and replaced with an illustration of a vine-ripened tomato accompanied by the slogan "Upgrade To Heinz". In a recent American Customer Satisfaction Index poll of 10,644 consumers, H.J. Heinz Co. had the highest score of any food or beverage firm, higher than Kraft, Coca-Cola, and Nestlé.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1480488269#7_1634931703
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Title: Heinz Tomato Ketchup - Wikipedia
Headings: Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Contents
History
Production
Varieties
Edchup
EZ Squirt colored ketchup
Saucy Sauce product line
Packaging
Glass bottles
Merchandising
Counterfeiting scheme
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Saucy Sauce product line
In April 2018, Heinz announced the release of "Mayochup", a portmanteau of mayonnaise and ketchup that is a mixture of the two sauces, because 500,000+ users voted "yes" in a Twitter poll asking Americans if they wanted to see it in stores. A number of Twitter users responded that such a mixture already existed as " fry sauce " and "fancy sauce". The sauce arrived at U.S. retailers' shelves in September 2018. It attracted some media attention in May 2019 when the phrase was revealed to mean "shit-face" in the Cree language. In March 2019, after the success of their Mayochup campaign, Heinz announced the release of two new portmanteau products to celebrate the company's 150th anniversary: " Mayomust", from mayonnaise + mustard, and "Mayocue", from mayonnaise + barbecue. In April 2019, Heinz released yet another portmanteau product, this time combining ketchup and ranch dressing to create "Kranch". The new sauce received a mixed reception online, with Newsweek saying that it "might seem as if Kranch is a flight of fancy from a drunken frat boy" but that some consumers were nevertheless interested. Packaging
Heinz ketchup is packaged in glass and plastic bottles of various sizes, as well as individual-serving condiment packets made of foil or plastic. Larger amounts of ketchup are packaged either in metal cans, rigid plastic jugs, flexible plastic bags and in bag-in-box format.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1480488269#8_1634933643
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Title: Heinz Tomato Ketchup - Wikipedia
Headings: Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Contents
History
Production
Varieties
Edchup
EZ Squirt colored ketchup
Saucy Sauce product line
Packaging
Glass bottles
Merchandising
Counterfeiting scheme
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Mayomust", from mayonnaise + mustard, and "Mayocue", from mayonnaise + barbecue. In April 2019, Heinz released yet another portmanteau product, this time combining ketchup and ranch dressing to create "Kranch". The new sauce received a mixed reception online, with Newsweek saying that it "might seem as if Kranch is a flight of fancy from a drunken frat boy" but that some consumers were nevertheless interested. Packaging
Heinz ketchup is packaged in glass and plastic bottles of various sizes, as well as individual-serving condiment packets made of foil or plastic. Larger amounts of ketchup are packaged either in metal cans, rigid plastic jugs, flexible plastic bags and in bag-in-box format. The larger containers can be fitted with pumps or placed into dispensers for bulk service. A bag containing 3 US gallons (11 L) is the largest offering intended for restaurants; an IBC tote containing 260 US gallons (980 L) is sold to food manufacturers. In 2010, Heinz unveiled a new single serve cup for dipping and squeezing, called the Dip & Squeeze, that was intended to eventually replace the original packets. The Heinz Keystone Dispenser is a color-coded plastic dispensers, shaped to resemble the keystone part of the "Heinz 57" symbol, that accepts bags of condiments that include the original, low-sodium and Simply Heinz varieties of ketchup, along with several varieties of mustard, mayonnaise, ranch dressing and relish .
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1480488269#9_1634935585
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Title: Heinz Tomato Ketchup - Wikipedia
Headings: Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Contents
History
Production
Varieties
Edchup
EZ Squirt colored ketchup
Saucy Sauce product line
Packaging
Glass bottles
Merchandising
Counterfeiting scheme
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: The larger containers can be fitted with pumps or placed into dispensers for bulk service. A bag containing 3 US gallons (11 L) is the largest offering intended for restaurants; an IBC tote containing 260 US gallons (980 L) is sold to food manufacturers. In 2010, Heinz unveiled a new single serve cup for dipping and squeezing, called the Dip & Squeeze, that was intended to eventually replace the original packets. The Heinz Keystone Dispenser is a color-coded plastic dispensers, shaped to resemble the keystone part of the "Heinz 57" symbol, that accepts bags of condiments that include the original, low-sodium and Simply Heinz varieties of ketchup, along with several varieties of mustard, mayonnaise, ranch dressing and relish . Glass bottles
Heinz introduced its octagonal glass bottle for the first time in 1889; the bottle was patented in 1890. While other glass bottle designs have existed, the octagonal glass bottle is still in use and is considered an "iconic" example of package design. In the United States, the glass bottle commonly used by restaurants holds 14 ounces (400 g) of ketchup. A small bottle containing about 2.25 ounces (64 g) of ketchup also exists for hotel room service and other situations where it is desirable to serve individual meals with a more personal or luxurious presentation than might be perceived with the foil or plastic packets associated with fast food dining.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1480488269#10_1634937497
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Title: Heinz Tomato Ketchup - Wikipedia
Headings: Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Contents
History
Production
Varieties
Edchup
EZ Squirt colored ketchup
Saucy Sauce product line
Packaging
Glass bottles
Merchandising
Counterfeiting scheme
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Glass bottles
Heinz introduced its octagonal glass bottle for the first time in 1889; the bottle was patented in 1890. While other glass bottle designs have existed, the octagonal glass bottle is still in use and is considered an "iconic" example of package design. In the United States, the glass bottle commonly used by restaurants holds 14 ounces (400 g) of ketchup. A small bottle containing about 2.25 ounces (64 g) of ketchup also exists for hotel room service and other situations where it is desirable to serve individual meals with a more personal or luxurious presentation than might be perceived with the foil or plastic packets associated with fast food dining. As ketchup has high viscosity and behaves as a pseudoplastic or thixotropic liquid, dispensing from glass bottles can be difficult. Tapping the glass bottle causes the ketchup to become thinner and easier to pour. Heinz suggests, on its website, that the best place to tap the bottle is on the "57" mark. The New York Times has also claimed that the tapping the "57" mark is the best way to cause Heinz ketchup to pour smoothly. Shaking the bottle or tapping in another place is also effective, however.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1480488269#11_1634939180
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Title: Heinz Tomato Ketchup - Wikipedia
Headings: Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Contents
History
Production
Varieties
Edchup
EZ Squirt colored ketchup
Saucy Sauce product line
Packaging
Glass bottles
Merchandising
Counterfeiting scheme
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: As ketchup has high viscosity and behaves as a pseudoplastic or thixotropic liquid, dispensing from glass bottles can be difficult. Tapping the glass bottle causes the ketchup to become thinner and easier to pour. Heinz suggests, on its website, that the best place to tap the bottle is on the "57" mark. The New York Times has also claimed that the tapping the "57" mark is the best way to cause Heinz ketchup to pour smoothly. Shaking the bottle or tapping in another place is also effective, however. The "57" mark arises from an advertising statement that Heinz made " 57 Varieties " of products. When Henry J. Heinz introduced the "57 Varieties" slogan, however, the company already made at least 60 products. The number is simply the combination of numbers Heinz and his wife considered " lucky ". The "upside-down" squeezable plastic bottle, consisting of an opaque red bottle with a wide white cap located at the bottom, was introduced as a food service product in 2002. It allows ketchup to be dispensed more easily than was possible with the glass bottle, and permits the use of more of the ketchup in the bottle, as the contents will settle on top of the dispensing valve.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1480488269#12_1634940876
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Title: Heinz Tomato Ketchup - Wikipedia
Headings: Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Contents
History
Production
Varieties
Edchup
EZ Squirt colored ketchup
Saucy Sauce product line
Packaging
Glass bottles
Merchandising
Counterfeiting scheme
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: The "57" mark arises from an advertising statement that Heinz made " 57 Varieties " of products. When Henry J. Heinz introduced the "57 Varieties" slogan, however, the company already made at least 60 products. The number is simply the combination of numbers Heinz and his wife considered " lucky ". The "upside-down" squeezable plastic bottle, consisting of an opaque red bottle with a wide white cap located at the bottom, was introduced as a food service product in 2002. It allows ketchup to be dispensed more easily than was possible with the glass bottle, and permits the use of more of the ketchup in the bottle, as the contents will settle on top of the dispensing valve. The "upside-down" bottle is intended to be non-refillable. A similar bottle has been introduced in several different sizes at the retail/grocery level, but without the opaque red coloring. Merchandising
The Heinz Ketchup logo, and its distinctive red colour, have been used in numerous licensed products. This includes clothing, mugs, pin badges and tomato flavoured cosmetics. A Heinz Ketchup cookbook was published by Absolute Press in 2007.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1480488269#13_1634942511
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Title: Heinz Tomato Ketchup - Wikipedia
Headings: Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Contents
History
Production
Varieties
Edchup
EZ Squirt colored ketchup
Saucy Sauce product line
Packaging
Glass bottles
Merchandising
Counterfeiting scheme
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: The "upside-down" bottle is intended to be non-refillable. A similar bottle has been introduced in several different sizes at the retail/grocery level, but without the opaque red coloring. Merchandising
The Heinz Ketchup logo, and its distinctive red colour, have been used in numerous licensed products. This includes clothing, mugs, pin badges and tomato flavoured cosmetics. A Heinz Ketchup cookbook was published by Absolute Press in 2007. In January 2020, Heinz and department store Fortnum & Mason launched tomato ketchup-filled chocolate truffles, as part of their Valentine's Day offering. In April 2020, Heinz launched a 570-piece ketchup jigsaw puzzle, where all of the pieces were identically red. Counterfeiting scheme
In 2012, a criminal scheme that repackaged bulk standard ketchup into bottles with counterfeit "Simply Heinz" labels failed when the transferred ketchup began to ferment and explode. See also
Food portal
Dip & Squeeze
Heinz 57
References
^ "Ketchup — Quartz Daily Obsession". Quartz.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1480488269#14_1634944042
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Title: Heinz Tomato Ketchup - Wikipedia
Headings: Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Heinz Tomato Ketchup
Contents
History
Production
Varieties
Edchup
EZ Squirt colored ketchup
Saucy Sauce product line
Packaging
Glass bottles
Merchandising
Counterfeiting scheme
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: In January 2020, Heinz and department store Fortnum & Mason launched tomato ketchup-filled chocolate truffles, as part of their Valentine's Day offering. In April 2020, Heinz launched a 570-piece ketchup jigsaw puzzle, where all of the pieces were identically red. Counterfeiting scheme
In 2012, a criminal scheme that repackaged bulk standard ketchup into bottles with counterfeit "Simply Heinz" labels failed when the transferred ketchup began to ferment and explode. See also
Food portal
Dip & Squeeze
Heinz 57
References
^ "Ketchup — Quartz Daily Obsession". Quartz. ^ Meyer, Zlati. " Memorial Day BBQ: 7 fun facts about ketchup while you wait for it". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2020-05-19.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1491547966#4_1646475733
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Title: Parasitic worm - Wikipedia
Headings: Parasitic worm
Parasitic worm
Contents
Taxonomy
Reproduction and life cycle
Eggs
Larvae
Use in medicine
Levels of infectiousness
Sanitation
Removal versus inactivation in wastewater and sludge treatment
Indicator organism
Diagnosis
Environmental samples
Human stool samples
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: There is a naming convention which applies to all helminths: the ending "-asis" (or in veterinary science: " -osis") is added at the end of the name of the worm to denote the infection with that particular worm. For example, Ascaris is the name of a type of helminth, and ascariasis is the name of the infection caused by that helminth. Contents
1 Taxonomy
2 Reproduction and life cycle
2.1 Eggs
2.2 Larvae
3 Use in medicine
3.1 Levels of infectiousness
3.2 Sanitation
3.2.1 Removal versus inactivation in wastewater and sludge treatment
3.2.2 Indicator organism
3.3 Diagnosis
3.3.1 Environmental samples
3.3.2 Human stool samples
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
Taxonomy
Hookworms attached to the intestinal mucosa
Two pinworms
Image showing life cycle inside and outside of the human body of one fairly typical and well described helminth: Ascaris lumbricoides
Helminths are a group of organisms which share a similar form but are not necessarily related as part of evolution. The term "helminth" is an artificial term. There is no real consensus on the taxonomy (or groupings) of the helminths, particularly within the nematodes. The term "helminth" contains a number of phyla, many of which are completely unrelated. However, for practical considerations the term is currently used to describe four phyla with superficial similarities:
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1491547966#5_1646477686
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Title: Parasitic worm - Wikipedia
Headings: Parasitic worm
Parasitic worm
Contents
Taxonomy
Reproduction and life cycle
Eggs
Larvae
Use in medicine
Levels of infectiousness
Sanitation
Removal versus inactivation in wastewater and sludge treatment
Indicator organism
Diagnosis
Environmental samples
Human stool samples
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Ascaris lumbricoides
Helminths are a group of organisms which share a similar form but are not necessarily related as part of evolution. The term "helminth" is an artificial term. There is no real consensus on the taxonomy (or groupings) of the helminths, particularly within the nematodes. The term "helminth" contains a number of phyla, many of which are completely unrelated. However, for practical considerations the term is currently used to describe four phyla with superficial similarities: Annelida (ringed or segmented worms), Platyhelminthes ( flatworms ), Nematoda (roundworms), and Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms). The phylum Platyhelminthes includes two classes of worms of particular medical significance: the cestodes (tapeworms) and the trematodes (flukes and blood flukes ), depending on whether or not they have segmented bodies. There may be as many as 300,000 species of parasites affecting vertebrates, and as many as 300 affecting humans alone. Helminths of importance in the sanitation field are the human parasites, and are classified as Nemathelminthes (nematodes) and Platyhelminthes, depending on whether they possess a round or flattened body, respectively.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1498812600#6_1655514683
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Title: Henri Pirenne - Wikipedia
Headings: Henri Pirenne
Henri Pirenne
Contents
Biography
Early years
Captivity
Theses and works
On the formation of European towns
Islam
Belgian history
Medieval Cities
A History of Europe
Bibliography
See also
Notes
Sources
External links
Content: At Jena, he began his history of medieval Europe, starting with the fall of Rome. He wrote completely from memory. Rather than a blow-by-blow chronology of wars, dynasties and incidents, A History of Europe presents a big-picture approach to social, political and mercantile trends. It is remarkable not only for its historical insight, but also its objectivity, especially considering the conditions under which it was written. After the war, he reflected the widespread disillusionment in Belgium with German culture, while taking a nuanced position which allowed him to criticize German nationalism without excluding German works from the scholarly canon. He attacked race theory and Völkisch nationalism as the underlying causes of German wartime excesses. His earlier belief in the inevitable progress of humanity collapsed, so he began to accept chance or the fortuitous in history and came to acknowledge the significance of single great individuals at certain points in history. At the conclusion of the war, Henri Pirenne stopped his work on A History of Europe in the middle of the 16th century. He returned home and took up his life. He died at Uccle, Brussels in 1935.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1505456283#3_1661770000
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Title: Henry McMaster - Wikipedia
Headings: Henry McMaster
Henry McMaster
Contents
Early life
Early political career
United States Attorney
Election bids and state appointments
South Carolina Republican Party Chair
Attorney General of South Carolina
Run for governor; Ports Authority
Campaign finance violation
Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina
Governor of South Carolina
Elections
2018
2022
Tenure
Richard Quinn corruption investigation
Nukegate
COVID-19 pandemic
2020 protests and riots
Adams v. Henry McMaster
Kidnapping plot allegations
Veto record
Political positions
Abortion
Fiscal policies
Guns
Immigration
Personal life
Family
Properties
Electoral history
Notes
References
External links
Territories:
Content: He received a bachelor's degree in history from the University of South Carolina in 1969. In 1973, he graduated from the University of South Carolina School of Law, where he served on the editorial board of the South Carolina Law Review. Later that year, he was admitted to the Richland County Bar Association of the South Carolina Bar. He served in the United States Army Reserves, receiving an honorable discharge in 1975. Upon graduation from law school, McMaster worked as a legislative assistant to U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond in Washington, D.C. until 1974, when he joined the firm of Tompkins and McMaster. He was admitted to practice before the federal Court of Claims in 1974, before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in 1975, and upon Thurmond's motion, before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1978. McMaster practiced law for almost 29 years, both as a federal prosecutor and in private practice, representing clients in the state and federal courts, trial and appellate. Early political career
McMaster's law firm on Pendleton St. in Columbia, SC
United States Attorney
Upon Thurmond's recommendation, President Ronald Reagan nominated McMaster as United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina in 1981—Reagan's first nomination for U.S. Attorney. The Senate confirmed McMaster on May 21, 1981. He headed the South Carolina Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee from 1981 to 1985.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1505456283#4_1661772363
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Title: Henry McMaster - Wikipedia
Headings: Henry McMaster
Henry McMaster
Contents
Early life
Early political career
United States Attorney
Election bids and state appointments
South Carolina Republican Party Chair
Attorney General of South Carolina
Run for governor; Ports Authority
Campaign finance violation
Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina
Governor of South Carolina
Elections
2018
2022
Tenure
Richard Quinn corruption investigation
Nukegate
COVID-19 pandemic
2020 protests and riots
Adams v. Henry McMaster
Kidnapping plot allegations
Veto record
Political positions
Abortion
Fiscal policies
Guns
Immigration
Personal life
Family
Properties
Electoral history
Notes
References
External links
Territories:
Content: He was admitted to practice before the federal Court of Claims in 1974, before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in 1975, and upon Thurmond's motion, before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1978. McMaster practiced law for almost 29 years, both as a federal prosecutor and in private practice, representing clients in the state and federal courts, trial and appellate. Early political career
McMaster's law firm on Pendleton St. in Columbia, SC
United States Attorney
Upon Thurmond's recommendation, President Ronald Reagan nominated McMaster as United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina in 1981—Reagan's first nomination for U.S. Attorney. The Senate confirmed McMaster on May 21, 1981. He headed the South Carolina Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee from 1981 to 1985. During his tenure, McMaster created the federal drug task force Operation Jackpot to investigate South Carolina marijuana smugglers. Operation Jackpot ultimately arrested more than 100 people for crimes related to marijuana and hashish trafficking. McMaster held numerous press conferences during the operation and gained publicity through interviews and comments. His actions were criticized as political, with journalist Lee Bandy writing, "no one can recall any other U.S. attorney being so public-relations conscious" and noting that McMaster had held more press conferences and news releases than all his predecessors combined. McMaster completed his term as U.S. Attorney on December 31, 1985.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1510678743#0_1667512126
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Title: Herb Gardner - Wikipedia
Headings: Herb Gardner
Herb Gardner
Contents
Early life
Comic strip
Plays and films
Novel
Personal life
Death
References
External links
Content: Herb Gardner - Wikipedia
Herb Gardner
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the British politician, see Herbert Gardner, 1st Baron Burghclere. Not to be confused with Herb Gardiner. Herb Gardner
Born
Herbert George Gardner
( 1934-12-28)
December 28, 1934
Brooklyn, New York
Died
September 25, 2003
(2003-09-25)
(aged 68)
Manhattan, New York
Spouse (s)
Rita Gardner (divorced)
Barbara C. Sproul (? -2003; his death)
Children
2
Herbert George Gardner (December 28, 1934 – September 25, 2003), better known as Herb Gardner, was an American commercial artist, cartoonist, playwright and screenwriter . Contents
1 Early life
2 Comic strip
3 Plays and films
4 Novel
5 Personal life
6 Death
7 References
8 External links
Early life
Born in Brooklyn, New York, Gardner was the son of a bar owner. His brother, R. Allen Gardner, is a professor of comparative psychology at the University of Nevada, Reno and is famous for teaming with his wife on Project Washoe, the attempt to teach American Sign Language to a chimpanzee named Washoe. Comic strip
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1510678743#7_1667521977
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Title: Herb Gardner - Wikipedia
Headings: Herb Gardner
Herb Gardner
Contents
Early life
Comic strip
Plays and films
Novel
Personal life
Death
References
External links
Content: Gardner was the screenwriter and co-producer of the 1971 motion picture Who Is Harry Kellerman, and Why Is He Saying Those Terrible Things About Me? which starred Dustin Hoffman. Gardner made a brief screen appearance as Rabbi Pierce in the 1987 motion picture Ishtar . Personal life
Gardner's first wife was actress Rita Gardner; the union ended in divorce. He later married Barbara Sproul, with whom he raised two adopted sons, Jake Gardner and Rafferty Gardner. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, he was the boyfriend of actress Marlo Thomas. Death
Gardner died in his Manhattan apartment from complications of lung disease on September 25, 2003, aged 68. References
^ Herb Gardner profile, FilmReference.com; accessed June 13, 2017.
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Title: High-tech architecture - Wikipedia
Headings: High-tech architecture
High-tech architecture
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
Characteristics
Goals
Examples
References
Content: High-tech architecture - Wikipedia
High-tech architecture
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Architectural style that emerged in the 1970s
High-tech architecture
The Lloyd's building in London, by Richard Rogers
Years active
1960-present
Country
International
High-tech architecture, also known as structural expressionism, is a type of Late Modern architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high tech industry and technology into building design. High-tech architecture grew from the modernist style, utilizing new advances in technology and building materials. It emphasizes transparency in design and construction, seeking to communicate the underlying structure and function of a building throughout its interior and exterior. High-tech architecture makes extensive use of aluminium, steel, glass, and to a lesser extent concrete (the technology for which had developed earlier), as these materials were becoming more advanced and available in a wider variety of forms at the time the style was developing - generally, advancements in a trend towards lightness of weight. High-tech architecture focuses on creating adaptable buildings through choice of materials, internal structural elements, and programmatic design. It seeks to avoid links to the past, and as such eschews building materials commonly used in older styles of architecture. Common elements include hanging or overhanging floors, a lack of internal load-bearing walls, and reconfigurable spaces. Some buildings incorporate prominent, bright colors in an attempt to evoke the sense of a drawing or diagram. High-tech utilizes a focus on factory aesthetics and a large central space serviced by many smaller maintenance areas to evoke a feeling of openness, honesty, and transparency. Early high-tech buildings were referred to by historian Reyner Banham as "serviced sheds" due to their exposure of mechanical services in addition to the structure.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-tech_architecture
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1543478039#0_1706969368
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Title: Highway Trust Fund - Wikipedia
Headings: Highway Trust Fund
Highway Trust Fund
Contents
History
Fund balance
Solvency issues
See also
References
External links
Content: Highway Trust Fund - Wikipedia
Highway Trust Fund
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Transportation fund in the United States
The Highway Trust Fund is a transportation fund in the United States which receives money from a federal fuel tax of 18.4 cents per gallon on gasoline and 24.4 cents per gallon of diesel fuel and related excise taxes. It currently has two accounts, the Highway Account which funds road construction and other surface transportation projects, and a smaller 'Mass Transit Account' which supports mass transit. Separate from the Highway Trust Fund is the 'Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund', which receives an additional 0.1 cents per gallon on gasoline and diesel, making the total amount of tax collected 18.5 cents per gallon on gasoline and 24.5 cents per gallon on diesel fuel. The Highway Trust Fund was established in 1956 to finance the United States Interstate Highway System and certain other roads. The Mass Transit Fund was created in 1982. The federal tax on motor fuels yielded $28.2 billion in 2006. Contents
1 History
2 Fund balance
3 Solvency issues
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
History
Prior to the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 and the establishment of the Highway Trust Fund, roads were financed directly from the General Fund of the United States Department of the Treasury. The 1956 Act directed federal fuel tax to the Treasury’s General Fund to be used exclusively for highway construction and maintenance. The Highway Revenue Act, pre-dating the Fund, mandated a tax of three cents per gallon. This original Act, also known as Highway Revenue Act, was set to expire at the end of fiscal year 1972.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_Trust_Fund
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1558650869#2_1721240084
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Title: Hispanic America - Wikipedia
Headings: Hispanic America
Hispanic America
Contents
History
Demographics
Countries
Largest cities
Ethnology
Languages
Culture
Cuisine
Symbols
Flag
Religion
See also
References
Content: Contents
1 History
2 Demographics
2.1 Countries
2.2 Largest cities
2.3 Ethnology
2.4 Languages
3 Culture
3.1 Cuisine
3.2 Symbols
3.2.1 Flag
3.3 Religion
4 See also
5 References
History
The Spanish conquest of the Americas began in 1492, and ultimately was part of a larger historical process of world discovery, through which various European powers incorporated a considerable amount of territory and peoples in the Americas, Asia, and Africa between the 15th and 20th centuries. Hispanic America became the main part of the vast Spanish Empire. Napoleon 's intervention in Spain in 1808 and the consequent chaos initiated the dismemberment of the Spanish Empire, as the Hispanic American territories began their struggle for emancipation. By 1830, the only remaining Spanish American territories were the islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico, until the 1898 Spanish–American War. The 26th of July Movement, led by Fidel Castro, seized power in Cuba on 1 January 1959, overthrowing Fulgencio Batista 's pro-US government. Castro nationalized Cuba's fruit resources, driving the United Fruit Company out, and his purchase of oil from the USSR led to a deterioration of relations with the US, leading to the failed 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion by Cuban exiles, and in 1962 the Cuban Missile Crisis almost sparked World War III. Castro's revolution was only the first of its kind in Hispanic America. Leftist governments rose to power across the region, so the United States resorted to backing coups, such as the 1954 overthrow of the popular Jacobo Arbenz Guzman in Guatemala and the ouster of Juan Bosch in 1965 in the Dominican Republic, the latter of which led to the Dominican Civil War and the US occupation of the republic that year. The United States supported coups that installed dictators in Chile, Uruguay, and other countries, and they set up the School of the Americas to train future dictators like Leopoldo Galtieri of Argentina and Manuel Noriega of Panama. Some dictators' rules led to civil wars, such as the Nicaraguan Civil War, Salvadoran Civil War, and Guatemalan Civil War in the 1970s-1990s, and the United States backed governments that used death squads to massacre villagers and priests accused of siding with leftists.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_America
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1558721056#0_1721285329
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Title: Hispanic Americans in World War II - Wikipedia
Headings: Hispanic Americans in World War II
Hispanic Americans in World War II
Contents
Terminology
Prelude to World War II
Pearl Harbor
European Theatre
65th Infantry Regiment
Pacific Theatre
Bataan Death March
158th Regimental Combat Team
PFC Guy Gabaldon
Guarding the atomic bomb
United States Coast Guard
Aviators
Servicewomen
Female nurses
Senior Officers
Generals
Major General del Valle
Brigadier General Quesada
Major General Terry de la Mesa Allen
Commanders
Submarine commanders
Military honors
Recipients of the Medal of Honor
Top military decorations
Hero Street, USA
Home front
Discrimination
In the military
After returning home
Post-war commemoration
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Official pages
Academic Sources
Other
Content: Hispanic Americans in World War II - Wikipedia
Hispanic Americans in World War II
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Military contrubutions of Hispanic Americans
Hispanic Americans in World War II
Major General Pedro del Valle (second from left) is greeted by Colonel "Chesty" Puller on Pavuvu in late October 1944, while Major General William H. Rupertus (far left) looks on. Hispanic Americans, also referred to as Latinos, served in all elements of the American armed forces in the war. They fought in every major American battle in the war. Between 400,000 and 500,000 Hispanic Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, out of a total of 16,000,000, constituting 3.1% to 3.2% of the U.S. Armed Forces. The exact number is unknown as, at the time, Hispanics were not tabulated separately, but were generally included in the general white population census count. Separate statistics were kept for African Americans and Asian Americans. On December 7, 1941, when the United States officially entered the war, Hispanic Americans were among the many American citizens who joined the ranks of the Army, Navy and Marine Corps as volunteers or through the draft. Not only did Hispanics serve as active combatants in the European and Pacific Theatres of war, but they also served on the home front as civilians. Hundreds of Hispanic women joined the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAACs) and Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), serving as nurses and in administrative positions. Many worked in traditionally male labor jobs in the manufacturing plants that produced munitions and materiel, replacing men who were away at war.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_Americans_in_World_War_II
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1558721056#1_1721288078
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Title: Hispanic Americans in World War II - Wikipedia
Headings: Hispanic Americans in World War II
Hispanic Americans in World War II
Contents
Terminology
Prelude to World War II
Pearl Harbor
European Theatre
65th Infantry Regiment
Pacific Theatre
Bataan Death March
158th Regimental Combat Team
PFC Guy Gabaldon
Guarding the atomic bomb
United States Coast Guard
Aviators
Servicewomen
Female nurses
Senior Officers
Generals
Major General del Valle
Brigadier General Quesada
Major General Terry de la Mesa Allen
Commanders
Submarine commanders
Military honors
Recipients of the Medal of Honor
Top military decorations
Hero Street, USA
Home front
Discrimination
In the military
After returning home
Post-war commemoration
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Official pages
Academic Sources
Other
Content: Separate statistics were kept for African Americans and Asian Americans. On December 7, 1941, when the United States officially entered the war, Hispanic Americans were among the many American citizens who joined the ranks of the Army, Navy and Marine Corps as volunteers or through the draft. Not only did Hispanics serve as active combatants in the European and Pacific Theatres of war, but they also served on the home front as civilians. Hundreds of Hispanic women joined the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAACs) and Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), serving as nurses and in administrative positions. Many worked in traditionally male labor jobs in the manufacturing plants that produced munitions and materiel, replacing men who were away at war. When conscription was increased, some Puerto Ricans from the island were assigned as replacements to units in the Panama Canal Zone and British Caribbean islands, which were made up mostly of continental (United States mainland) soldiers. Most Puerto Ricans and Hispanics residing in Puerto Rico were assigned to the 65th Infantry Regiment or to the Puerto Rico National Guard. These were the only all-Hispanic units whose statistics were kept. Puerto Rican aviators were sent to the Tuskegee Army Air Field in Tuskegee, Alabama, to train the famed 99th Fighter Squadron of the Tuskegee Airmen. The Tuskegee Airmen was a segregated unit of African-Americans and Hispanics of African heritage.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_Americans_in_World_War_II
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1558721056#2_1721290590
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Title: Hispanic Americans in World War II - Wikipedia
Headings: Hispanic Americans in World War II
Hispanic Americans in World War II
Contents
Terminology
Prelude to World War II
Pearl Harbor
European Theatre
65th Infantry Regiment
Pacific Theatre
Bataan Death March
158th Regimental Combat Team
PFC Guy Gabaldon
Guarding the atomic bomb
United States Coast Guard
Aviators
Servicewomen
Female nurses
Senior Officers
Generals
Major General del Valle
Brigadier General Quesada
Major General Terry de la Mesa Allen
Commanders
Submarine commanders
Military honors
Recipients of the Medal of Honor
Top military decorations
Hero Street, USA
Home front
Discrimination
In the military
After returning home
Post-war commemoration
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Official pages
Academic Sources
Other
Content: When conscription was increased, some Puerto Ricans from the island were assigned as replacements to units in the Panama Canal Zone and British Caribbean islands, which were made up mostly of continental (United States mainland) soldiers. Most Puerto Ricans and Hispanics residing in Puerto Rico were assigned to the 65th Infantry Regiment or to the Puerto Rico National Guard. These were the only all-Hispanic units whose statistics were kept. Puerto Rican aviators were sent to the Tuskegee Army Air Field in Tuskegee, Alabama, to train the famed 99th Fighter Squadron of the Tuskegee Airmen. The Tuskegee Airmen was a segregated unit of African-Americans and Hispanics of African heritage. They were the first people of African heritage to become military aviators in the United States armed forces. More than 53,000 Puerto Ricans and Hispanics who resided on the island served in the war. According to Senator Robert Menendez, more than 9,000 Latinos died in the defense of the United States in World War II. Because of lack of separate documentation, the total number of Hispanic Americans who died in the conflict is unknown. Contents
1 Terminology
2 Prelude to World War II
3 Pearl Harbor
4 European Theatre
4.1 65th Infantry Regiment
5 Pacific Theatre
5.1 Bataan Death March
5.2 158th Regimental Combat Team
5.3 PFC Guy Gabaldon
5.4 Guarding the atomic bomb
6 United States Coast Guard
7 Aviators
8 Servicewomen
8.1 Female nurses
9 Senior Officers
9.1 Generals
9.2 Commanders
9.3 Submarine commanders
10 Military honors
10.1 Recipients of the Medal of Honor
10.2 Top military decorations
10.3 Hero Street, USA
11 Home front
12 Discrimination
12.1 In the military
12.2 After returning home
13 Post-war commemoration
14 See also
15 References
16 Further reading
17 External links
Terminology
Hispanic American is an ethnic term used to categorize any citizen or resident of the United States, of any racial background, and of any religion, who has at least one ancestor from the people of Spain or any of the Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_Americans_in_World_War_II
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1558721056#3_1721293727
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Title: Hispanic Americans in World War II - Wikipedia
Headings: Hispanic Americans in World War II
Hispanic Americans in World War II
Contents
Terminology
Prelude to World War II
Pearl Harbor
European Theatre
65th Infantry Regiment
Pacific Theatre
Bataan Death March
158th Regimental Combat Team
PFC Guy Gabaldon
Guarding the atomic bomb
United States Coast Guard
Aviators
Servicewomen
Female nurses
Senior Officers
Generals
Major General del Valle
Brigadier General Quesada
Major General Terry de la Mesa Allen
Commanders
Submarine commanders
Military honors
Recipients of the Medal of Honor
Top military decorations
Hero Street, USA
Home front
Discrimination
In the military
After returning home
Post-war commemoration
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Official pages
Academic Sources
Other
Content: They were the first people of African heritage to become military aviators in the United States armed forces. More than 53,000 Puerto Ricans and Hispanics who resided on the island served in the war. According to Senator Robert Menendez, more than 9,000 Latinos died in the defense of the United States in World War II. Because of lack of separate documentation, the total number of Hispanic Americans who died in the conflict is unknown. Contents
1 Terminology
2 Prelude to World War II
3 Pearl Harbor
4 European Theatre
4.1 65th Infantry Regiment
5 Pacific Theatre
5.1 Bataan Death March
5.2 158th Regimental Combat Team
5.3 PFC Guy Gabaldon
5.4 Guarding the atomic bomb
6 United States Coast Guard
7 Aviators
8 Servicewomen
8.1 Female nurses
9 Senior Officers
9.1 Generals
9.2 Commanders
9.3 Submarine commanders
10 Military honors
10.1 Recipients of the Medal of Honor
10.2 Top military decorations
10.3 Hero Street, USA
11 Home front
12 Discrimination
12.1 In the military
12.2 After returning home
13 Post-war commemoration
14 See also
15 References
16 Further reading
17 External links
Terminology
Hispanic American is an ethnic term used to categorize any citizen or resident of the United States, of any racial background, and of any religion, who has at least one ancestor from the people of Spain or any of the Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas. The three largest Hispanic groups in the United States are the Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans. Hispanic Americans have also been referred to as Latinos. Prelude to World War II
Before the United States entered World War II, Hispanic Americans were already fighting on European soil in the Spanish Civil War. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted coup d'état by parts of the army, led by the Nationalist General Francisco Franco, against the government of the Second Spanish Republic. Hispanic Americans fought on behalf of both of the factions involved, the "Nationalists" as members of the Spanish Army and the "Loyalists" (Republicans) either as members of the Abraham Lincoln International Brigade or as aviators in the Yankee Squadron led by Bert Acosta (1895–1954).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_Americans_in_World_War_II
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1558721056#4_1721297026
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Title: Hispanic Americans in World War II - Wikipedia
Headings: Hispanic Americans in World War II
Hispanic Americans in World War II
Contents
Terminology
Prelude to World War II
Pearl Harbor
European Theatre
65th Infantry Regiment
Pacific Theatre
Bataan Death March
158th Regimental Combat Team
PFC Guy Gabaldon
Guarding the atomic bomb
United States Coast Guard
Aviators
Servicewomen
Female nurses
Senior Officers
Generals
Major General del Valle
Brigadier General Quesada
Major General Terry de la Mesa Allen
Commanders
Submarine commanders
Military honors
Recipients of the Medal of Honor
Top military decorations
Hero Street, USA
Home front
Discrimination
In the military
After returning home
Post-war commemoration
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Official pages
Academic Sources
Other
Content: The three largest Hispanic groups in the United States are the Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans. Hispanic Americans have also been referred to as Latinos. Prelude to World War II
Before the United States entered World War II, Hispanic Americans were already fighting on European soil in the Spanish Civil War. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted coup d'état by parts of the army, led by the Nationalist General Francisco Franco, against the government of the Second Spanish Republic. Hispanic Americans fought on behalf of both of the factions involved, the "Nationalists" as members of the Spanish Army and the "Loyalists" (Republicans) either as members of the Abraham Lincoln International Brigade or as aviators in the Yankee Squadron led by Bert Acosta (1895–1954). General Manuel Goded Llopis (1882–1936), who was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, was a high-ranking officer in the Spanish Army. Llopis was among the first generals to join General Francisco Franco in the uprising against the government of the Second Spanish Republic. Llopis led the fight against the Anarchists in Catalonia, but his troops were outnumbered. He was captured and sentenced to die by firing squad. Lieutenant Carmelo Delgado Delgado (1913–1937) was among the many Hispanics who fought on behalf of the Second Spanish Republic as members of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_Americans_in_World_War_II
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1558721056#5_1721299520
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Title: Hispanic Americans in World War II - Wikipedia
Headings: Hispanic Americans in World War II
Hispanic Americans in World War II
Contents
Terminology
Prelude to World War II
Pearl Harbor
European Theatre
65th Infantry Regiment
Pacific Theatre
Bataan Death March
158th Regimental Combat Team
PFC Guy Gabaldon
Guarding the atomic bomb
United States Coast Guard
Aviators
Servicewomen
Female nurses
Senior Officers
Generals
Major General del Valle
Brigadier General Quesada
Major General Terry de la Mesa Allen
Commanders
Submarine commanders
Military honors
Recipients of the Medal of Honor
Top military decorations
Hero Street, USA
Home front
Discrimination
In the military
After returning home
Post-war commemoration
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Official pages
Academic Sources
Other
Content: General Manuel Goded Llopis (1882–1936), who was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, was a high-ranking officer in the Spanish Army. Llopis was among the first generals to join General Francisco Franco in the uprising against the government of the Second Spanish Republic. Llopis led the fight against the Anarchists in Catalonia, but his troops were outnumbered. He was captured and sentenced to die by firing squad. Lieutenant Carmelo Delgado Delgado (1913–1937) was among the many Hispanics who fought on behalf of the Second Spanish Republic as members of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Delgado fought in the Battle of Madrid, but was captured and sentenced to die by firing squad on April 29, 1937. He was amongst the first United States (US) citizens to die in that conflict. Pearl Harbor
USS Nevada
On December 7, 1941, when the Empire of Japan attacked the United States Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, many sailors with Hispanic surnames were among those who perished. PFC Richard I. Trujillo of the United States Marine Corps was serving aboard the Battleship USS Nevada (BB-36) when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. The Nevada was among the ships which were in the harbor that day.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_Americans_in_World_War_II
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1558721056#6_1721301765
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Title: Hispanic Americans in World War II - Wikipedia
Headings: Hispanic Americans in World War II
Hispanic Americans in World War II
Contents
Terminology
Prelude to World War II
Pearl Harbor
European Theatre
65th Infantry Regiment
Pacific Theatre
Bataan Death March
158th Regimental Combat Team
PFC Guy Gabaldon
Guarding the atomic bomb
United States Coast Guard
Aviators
Servicewomen
Female nurses
Senior Officers
Generals
Major General del Valle
Brigadier General Quesada
Major General Terry de la Mesa Allen
Commanders
Submarine commanders
Military honors
Recipients of the Medal of Honor
Top military decorations
Hero Street, USA
Home front
Discrimination
In the military
After returning home
Post-war commemoration
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Official pages
Academic Sources
Other
Content: Delgado fought in the Battle of Madrid, but was captured and sentenced to die by firing squad on April 29, 1937. He was amongst the first United States (US) citizens to die in that conflict. Pearl Harbor
USS Nevada
On December 7, 1941, when the Empire of Japan attacked the United States Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, many sailors with Hispanic surnames were among those who perished. PFC Richard I. Trujillo of the United States Marine Corps was serving aboard the Battleship USS Nevada (BB-36) when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. The Nevada was among the ships which were in the harbor that day. As her gunners opened fire and her engineers got up steam, she was struck by torpedoes and bombs from the Japanese attackers. Fifty men were killed and 109 wounded. Among those killed was Trujillo, who became the first Hispanic Marine casualty of World War II. Commander Luis de Florez
When the United States officially entered World War II, Hispanic Americans were among the many American citizens who joined the ranks of United States Armed Forces as volunteers or through the draft. In 1941, Commander Luis de Florez played an instrumental role in the establishment of the Special Devices Division of the Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics (what would later become the NAWCTSD ).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_Americans_in_World_War_II
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_17_1558721056#7_1721304094
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Title: Hispanic Americans in World War II - Wikipedia
Headings: Hispanic Americans in World War II
Hispanic Americans in World War II
Contents
Terminology
Prelude to World War II
Pearl Harbor
European Theatre
65th Infantry Regiment
Pacific Theatre
Bataan Death March
158th Regimental Combat Team
PFC Guy Gabaldon
Guarding the atomic bomb
United States Coast Guard
Aviators
Servicewomen
Female nurses
Senior Officers
Generals
Major General del Valle
Brigadier General Quesada
Major General Terry de la Mesa Allen
Commanders
Submarine commanders
Military honors
Recipients of the Medal of Honor
Top military decorations
Hero Street, USA
Home front
Discrimination
In the military
After returning home
Post-war commemoration
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Official pages
Academic Sources
Other
Content: As her gunners opened fire and her engineers got up steam, she was struck by torpedoes and bombs from the Japanese attackers. Fifty men were killed and 109 wounded. Among those killed was Trujillo, who became the first Hispanic Marine casualty of World War II. Commander Luis de Florez
When the United States officially entered World War II, Hispanic Americans were among the many American citizens who joined the ranks of United States Armed Forces as volunteers or through the draft. In 1941, Commander Luis de Florez played an instrumental role in the establishment of the Special Devices Division of the Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics (what would later become the NAWCTSD ). He was later assigned as head of the new Special Devices Desk in the Engineering Division of the Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics. De Florez, who has been credited with over sixty inventions, urged the Navy to undertake development of "synthetic training devices" to increase readiness. During World War II, he was promoted to captain and, in 1944, to rear admiral. European Theatre
The European Theatre of World War II was an area of heavy fighting between the Allied forces and the Axis powers from September 1, 1939, to May 8, 1945. The majority of Hispanic Americans served in regular units;
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_Americans_in_World_War_II
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