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75,576,849 | Khaffagi family | The Khaffagi (written Mandaic: Kupašia ࡊࡅࡐࡀࡔࡉࡀ) family is a Mandaean priestly family from southern Iraq and Khuzestan, Iran. The family's genealogy can be traced back to the mid-1400s.
Other Mandaean priestly families include the Manduia, Kuhailia (Choheili), and Durakia (Dorragi) lineages, the latter two with origins primarily in Ahvaz, Iran.
Notable family members include:
During the 21st century, some members of the family are now based in Nijmegen, Netherlands, where many of the family's Mandaic manuscripts are now archived as part of the Rbai Rafid Collection (RRC). Other manuscripts belonging to the family are currently being held in Ahvaz, Iran and Baghdad, Iraq. | [
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"text": "The Khaffagi (written Mandaic: Kupašia ࡊࡅࡐࡀࡔࡉࡀ) family is a Mandaean priestly family from southern Iraq and Khuzestan, Iran. The family's genealogy can be traced back to the mid-1400s.",
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] | The Khaffagi family is a Mandaean priestly family from southern Iraq and Khuzestan, Iran. The family's genealogy can be traced back to the mid-1400s. Other Mandaean priestly families include the Manduia, Kuhailia (Choheili), and Durakia (Dorragi) lineages, the latter two with origins primarily in Ahvaz, Iran. | 2023-12-16T07:44:26Z | 2023-12-16T23:35:01Z | [
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75,576,878 | Abbas Lisani | Abbas Lisani (born February 18, 1967, Ardabil province) is an Azerbaijani cultural activist in Iran, prisoner of conscience, poet, and writer.
Due to his involvement in national cultural activities, he has been incarcerated multiple times since 1997. In 2006 alone, he was tried four times within six months, sentenced to 30 months in prison, endured 50 lashes, and received a three-year exile. His participation in events such as the Babak Castle Congress in 2005, commemorating the anniversary of the Constitutional Revolution, ceremonies held at the tomb of Baqir Khan in Tabriz, and involvement in the National Uprising Day in May 2006 led to these consequences.
In the following years, he was repeatedly imprisoned, faced persecution, and was subjected to exile. Various international organizations, parties, and activists issued statements against his imprisonment. Since 2007, he has been declared a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International. Several organizations and activists conducted signature campaigns and protest actions to secure his release from prison. He also undertook hunger strikes on multiple occasions to defend his rights and the rights of other prisoners.
In February 2023, he was released from Ardabil prison and exiled to the city of Yazd. However, he stated his innocence, and despite the exile order, he returned to Ardabil city.
Abbas Asad oghlu Lisani was born in 1968 in Ardabil. He has faced multiple imprisonments since 1997 due to his involvement in national cultural activities. On August 25, 2003, he was arrested for participating in an event at Babak Castle and was released on September 18, 2003, after posting bail of 50 million rials.
On June 22, 2004, he was arrested for participating in a sit-in protest at Ardabil's Sarcheshmeh Mosque. Security forces attacked the mosque, covering his mouth and nose with a cloth until he lost consciousness. This assault resulted in multiple broken ribs, a damaged nose, a left lung, and a left kidney. He was held alone in an undisclosed location for two days, then brought to the 7th Branch of the Ardabil Revolutionary Court and detained for an additional month. Despite requesting medical attention and undertaking a hunger strike, his requests were denied. He was released on July 22, 2004, after posting bail of 200 million rials. Later, he was fined 800 thousand rials and sentenced to 15 lashes for "disturbing public order."
In 2005, he was arrested for participating in a ceremony held at the tomb of Baqir Khan in Tabriz, commemorating the anniversary of the Persian Constitutional Revolution. On August 6, the 1st Branch of the Ardabil Revolutionary Court issued a verdict to exile Abbas Lisani to Khuzestan for a year. He was accused of promoting pan-Turkism, engaging in activities against national security, propagating against the system, and publishing a calendar in the Turkish language. Abbas Lisani appealed this decision to the appellate court. Initially, his case was referred to a higher court in Tehran. Later, it was returned to Kalibar for another court hearing. There, the court revoked the earlier decision of one-year exile and sentenced him to one year in prison.
On May 27, 2006, during the National Uprising Day in Ardabil, Abbas Lisani participated in a gathering that involved tens of thousands of people. Clashes erupted between police forces and protesters, leading to gunfire targeting the demonstrators. Numerous individuals sustained severe injuries, and at least 150 people were arrested. Despite attempts by the police to arrest Abbas Lisani during the incident, the protesters resisted, preventing his arrest. Later, on June 3, 2006, he was arrested for his participation in the National Uprising Day. Around 30 plainclothes officers forcibly entered his home without presenting an arrest warrant and physically assaulted Abbas Lisani in front of his family, including his children and spouse. Additionally, they confiscated books, mobile phones, a computer, and various video discs from his house. Until June 7, there was no information provided about his whereabouts. However, on June 7, after allowing him to speak with his family via telephone call, he disclosed that he was held in solitary confinement at Ardabil prison and had initiated a hunger strike. After 58 days of the hunger strike, he halted it on July 30, after being granted permission to meet with his family.
In September 2006, there was a protest in front of the Ardabil court demanding the release of political prisoners. During this demonstration, several individuals, including Fazail Azizian, were arrested. Kubra Gurbanzade, who went to the prison to visit her spouse, was also detained because of her participation in the protest. Despite being three months pregnant, Kubra Gurbanzade's unjust detention led Fazail Azizian to start a hunger strike in protest. Other detainees joined the hunger strike in support of them. Despite being just four days away from his own release, Abbas Lisani began a hunger strike on September 22, to support them. After Kubra Gurbanzade was released, the hunger strikers ceased their protest.
The day after his release, on September 27, 2006, Abbas Lisani was sentenced by the Ardabil court to 16 months in prison and 50 lashes for participating in the National Uprising Day. He filed an appeal against this decision on October 26, 2006. However, on October 31, 2006, Abbas Lisani was rearrested.
On March 2007, he was transferred to the 7th section of the prison, where arms and drug traffickers were detained, allegedly to exert pressure on him and the national activist Behruz Alizadeh. During his imprisonment, he faced constant harassment. Secret cameras were installed in his prison room, monitoring his every move. Harsh punishments were imposed on fellow inmates who communicated with or were associated with Abbas Lisani to isolate him. In May 2007, in a letter sent from prison, Abbas Lisani highlighted human rights abuses and repression related to the anniversary of the National Uprising Day, urging people to join in protest against these violations. On March 4, 2008, he was transferred from Ardabil prison to Yazd prison. On September 10, 2008, he participated in the iftar ceremony organized at Seyyad Mohammadian's house in the evening. 17 people were arrested during the raid on this party by the employees of Iran's special services. Abbas Lisani's wife and 3 children were among those arrested. He was released on October 29, 2008. In December 2009, at the funeral of Genghis Bakhtavar, Abbas Lisani and several people who participated in the funeral were beaten by Iranian security officials. Before the funeral, some Azerbaijani national activists were called by ettealaat officials and asked them not to participate in the funeral. After the funeral, Abbas Lisani was called and told that if he did not leave Tabriz, they would send his body to Ardabil.
In 2011 protests occurred in cities inhabited by Azerbaijani Turks against the drying of Lake Urmia. Following these protests, Abbas Lisani and other national activists were arrested in Ardabil. On September 9, 2011, Abbas Lisani was detained at his workplace after protests regarding Lake Urmia's ecological condition in Ardabil on 3 September. He began a hunger strike, citing the illegality of his detention. On November 7, 2011, he was released on bail of 100,000 US dollars according to the decision of the Ardabil Revolutionary Court.
2014–2017
On February 20, 2014, Azerbaijani national activists from various cities in South Azerbaijan gathered at Akbar Abulzadeh's house in Ahvaz to commemorate International Mother Language Day. However, more than 100 activists who attended the event were arrested by Iranian security forces. Among those detained were Abbas Lisani, Saleh Molla Abbasi, Ibrahim Savalan, Ibrahim Nuri, Behzad Abdi, Akbar Abulzadeh, and Abbas Nazari, who were taken to Ettelaat prison. Some of them, including Abbas Lisani, were subjected to torture. Concerned about this, they wrote a letter to the prosecutor of at Ahvaz Judiciary.
In April 2015, the Ardabil Revolutionary Court sentenced Abbas Lisani to one year in prison for allegedly collaborating regularly with "separatist groups abroad and Gunaz TV" and discussing the necessity of a secular regime in an article, which led to charges of "propaganda against the regime."
In July 2015, around 300 Azerbaijani Turkish activists signed a statement in support of Uyghurs. Abbas Lisani, along with Hasan Demirci, Hasan Rashidi, Akbar Azad, and Abdulaziz Azimi Qadim, signed this statement urging Azerbaijani, Turkish, and Iranian legal authorities to address the issues faced by the Uyghur community in international courts.
On July 22, 2015, Abbas Lisani was arrested on his way from home to work. He was detained and later transferred to the 7th section of the Ardabil prison, where inmates detained on charges of narcotics and crimes were held. Upon his transfer, his access to designated outdoor areas for prisoners was restricted, the phones in the section were deactivated, and meeting with families was prohibited. On July 25, 2015, protesting against the violation of prisoners' rights and objecting to the transfer of detainees from the Ardabil region to Gilan, specifically to Heyran, Abbas Lisani began a hunger strike. On July 26, special forces subjected Abbas Lisani in the 7th section of Ardabil prison to intimidation, threats, and physical abuse. They also assaulted two Baluchi-origin inmates who were supporting and defending Lisani. During his detention, threats of exile were directed at Abbas Lisani. In September 2015, as permission for a family visit was denied, Abbas Lisani initiated a hunger strike. Authorities threatened to transfer him to a remote prison if he didn't end the strike.
In 2015, after a children's program insulting Azerbaijanis in the program "Fitila" broadcast on the Iranian state TV channel, on November 9, 2015, Azerbaijani Turks started protest actions in various cities of Iran. To support the protests, Abbas Lisani also started a hunger strike in prison. After that, he was deported from Ardabil prison to Adilabad prison in Shiraz. Despite being exiled, he continued his hunger strike.
In December 2015, 1046 Turkish activists living in Iran and South Azerbaijan signed a declaration of support against the massacre of Syrian Turkmen. Among those who signed the statement was Abbas Lisani.
In 2016, Yurysh Mehralibeyli, Huseyn Ali Mohammadi, Murtaza Muradpur, Rasul Razavi, and Abbas Lisani, who were detained in Tabriz prison and exiled to Shiraz prison, held a hunger strike from 19 to 21 February on the occasion of World Mother Language Day. They held this hunger strike as a protest against the lack of education in Azerbaijani Turkish in Iran.
On May 18, 2016 Abbas Lisani's prison term ended, but they did not release him. As a protest, Abbas Lisani started a hunger strike on May 19. Later on the same day, Yurush Mehralibeyli, Rasul Razavi, Huseyn Alimohammadi, Murtaza Muradpour, Latif Hasani, and several national cultural activist who were detained in Tabriz Central Prison, Ardabil Prison and Rajayi-Sharh Prison in Karaj started a hunger strike and announced their support for Lisani. On May 25, 2016, he was temporarily released on bail.
On November 7, 2016 Abbas Lisani was again arrested in court and transferred to the central prison of Khiyav. The reason for his arrest was his speech at the wedding of national activist Aydın Zakiri. Meshkin's Revolutionary Court accused him of pan-Turkism and "propaganda against the regime" in this speech. Later, Abbas Lisani, who said that his arrest was unjustified, appealed to the appeals court. In 2017, the Ardabil appellate court annulled the verdict of the first court and acquitted well-known activist Abbas Lisani.
In August 2017 40 Turkish rights activists were summoned to the Ahar court. Activists, including Abbas Lisani, were tried en masse. In October 2017, Abbas Lisani was summoned to court again.
2018 July 2 marked another arrest for Abbas Lisani, occurring just before the annual Babak Castle Conference. In protest, he initiated a hunger strike. On July 14, he was released from Tabriz Central Prison on a bail of 500 million rials. Later, on September 16 of the same year, he was summoned to the Tabriz Revolutionary Court. Refusing to comply, Lisani declined the summons as it was delivered via SMS, not an official stamped document.
Subsequently, on December 31, 2018, Abbas Lisani received another SMS notification from the Ardabil Revolutionary Court informing him of a 10-month prison sentence.
In January 2019, he was arrested by security forces in Ardabil and transferred to Tabriz Prison, although the exact reason for his arrest remains unclear, according to Abbas Lisani:
I have two accusations. I was present at the burial of our great national activist, Hasan Agha Demirci. ETTELAAT had given orders not to speak at the funeral, but the public wanted me to speak. I spoke for about 10–12 minutes. There was nothing against the system or the establishment in my speech. I only spoke about Hasan Agha Demirci and Azerbaijan. How could it be against the system here? But if they consider it so, let it be. I will speak. The second accusation is related to the march to Babak Castle last year. During my speech there, I said that we should be strong, and have connections with nations, and one of the places for such connections is Babak Castle, coming together here. They counted these words as an offense too. I was among approximately a hundred people detained at that time. Nevertheless, the meeting continued at Babak Castle. So, I am accused of calling for gatherings both at Babak Castle and at Demirci's funeral. These are false accusations. They don't fit into the law. Every year there is a march to Babak Castle, and it will continue. It will be impossible to prevent this. It is written in the Constitution that every citizen has the right to assemble, to gather.
After being sent to Tabriz Prison on January 5, Abbas Lisani objected to being illegally tried without an official summons. The Tabriz Court accepted Lisani's objection and temporarily halted the execution of the judgment. Judge Ahrabi signed a temporary release order against a 100 million tuman bail and scheduled a new hearing for January 15. Upon Lisani's arrival at the Tabriz Revolutionary Court on January 15, he was arrested by security forces after the session concluded. A few days later, five other activists close to him were tried at the Ardabil Revolutionary Court. Rahim Gulami, Asgar Akbarzadeh, Ali Vasiqi, Mehdi Hushmand, and Saeed Sadiqifar were charged with "illegally organizing support to jeopardize the country's security." Lisani, transferred to Ardabil Prison, initiated a hunger strike in protest against his detention.
On February 21, 2019, in commemoration of International Mother Language Day, Abbas Lisani, serving his sentence in Ardabil Prison, along with Latif Hasani in Karaj Prison, Siyamek Mirzayi and Ibrahim Nuri in Evin Prison, and Amir Settari in Tabriz Prison, initiated a 5-day hunger strike. They conducted this hunger strike in protest of the absence of education in Azerbaijani Turkish in Iran.
On March 10, 2019, they appeared in court in Ardabil. Abbas Lisani refused to wear the prison uniform while being taken to court, citing it as a violation of his human dignity. As a result, officials brought him to court in handcuffs and leg shackles. He requested that his defense to be conducted in Azerbaijani Turkish, presenting his arguments in his mother tongue.
On April 13, 2019, the East Azerbaijan Appeals Court reviewed Abbas Lisani's complaint against the 10-month sentence issued by the Tabriz Revolutionary Court in February. Abbas Lisani was not permitted to attend the court proceedings. Later, the 26th Chamber of the Appeals Court concluded that the imprisonment sentence against the political activist was "in accordance with Sharia and legal rules."
On July 8, 2019, the Ardabil Revolutionary Court sentenced Abbas Lisani to 8 years of imprisonment, depriving him of liberty for allegedly "inciting the population of West Azerbaijan to arm themselves," "forming an illegal group," and "engaging in anti-system propaganda." Additionally, he received a 2-year exile sentence with his family to Yazd. Disagreeing with this decision, Abbas Lisani filed an appeal. On September 13, 2019, he was summoned to the appeals court. The Ardabil Province Appeals Court addressed Abbas Lisani's complaint on September 16, 2019, where he presented his "defense statement" in Azerbaijani Turkish during the court session. He is saying:
If you have justice and honesty within you, if you believe you are right in the accusations and stances you've taken, then open the doors! Establish an open court so that the nation and the entire world can decide for themselves!
The initial verdict had acquitted him of the charges on two counts, but later, those two accusations were reintroduced, extending his sentence from 8 to 15 years. According to some, Lisani received a harsher punishment because he defended himself in court in his native language. After the sentence was extended, Abbas Lisani appealed to Iran's Supreme Court, but the Supreme Court upheld the 15-year sentence imposed by the Ardabil court. On October 20, Abbas Lisani's lawyer, Mohammadreza Faghihi, was arrested. Faghihi was detained after meeting with Abbas Lisani in the morning at Ardabil's prosecutor's office. Mohammadreza Faghihi was charged by the 102nd Branch of the Ardabil Court for "revealing confidential court documents" and sentenced to 6 months in prison. In March 2020, Mohammadreza Faghihi was acquitted. In July 2020, the Iranian Supreme Court rejected Abbas Lisani's cassation complaint, upholding the 15-year sentence issued by the Ardabil court. Despite the risk of the spread of COVID-19, many prisoners were temporarily released, but Abbas Lisani was not granted this permission, even though he had the right to leave for several days to attend a funeral and mourning ceremony after his brother's death.
After the start of the Second Karabakh War on September 27, 2020, Abbas Lisani was banned from meeting his relatives and talking on the phone. Later, on November 13, this ban was imposed again. On November 20, 2020, Abbas Lisani, who was detained in the 7th section of Ardabil prison, held a 5-hour sit-in protest in the prison guard's office in protest against the bans imposed on him. It is reported that these bans were implemented on the initiative of Nasir Atabati, the head of the intelligence department of Ardabil province, the director general of regional justice, and the prosecutor of Ardabil, Seyyed Abdullah Tabatabayi. After the action, Abbas Lisani was allowed to be visited by his relatives. However, they did not remove the ban on talking on the phone.
On January 13, 2021, Yusif Kari, a detained cultural activist, initiated a hunger strike in protest against the misconduct of the deputy prosecutor overseeing the prison and his transfer from his section to the quarantine section. In support of Yusif Kari, Abbas Lisani, detained in Ardabil prison since January 18, also began a hunger strike. Later, in solidarity with Kari, Siyamak Mirzayi from Evin prison, Ali and Rza Vasiqi from Ardabil prison, joined the hunger strike. Abbas Lisani started a dry hunger strike on January 20. Yusif Kari, who had started a dry hunger strike on January 17, ceased his protest after being returned to his section from the quarantine area on the night of January 20. Following his decision, other national activists supporting Kari also stopped their hunger strikes.
In May 2021, there will be significant back and knee pain, as in prison. He was admitted to the hospital on the 25th because the drugs and effective treatments given by the prison doctors did not work. However, on the same day, he was taken back to prison after surveillance.
On June 12, 2021, his prison officially went on a hunger strike to protest the protests against the prisoners. According to Iranian law, the cells where political prisoners are kept must be separate from other prisoners. But in Iran, courts and prisons, political and social movements do not follow this law to put citizens under the control of security prisoners. Now they increase the psychological pressure on them by transferring national cultural activities and people from serious crimes to the same cell. Later, Yusif Kari also started a hunger strike to support Abbas Lisani. On June 13, they signed a dry hunger strike using both waters.On June 13, security guards Ali and Reza Wasighi and Mehrdad Sheikh protested the hunger strike in Ardabil prison. The 5 national activists who started the hunger strike were sent to the quarantine section of the prison for these actions, and they were also banned from making phone calls with their relatives. On June 14, to support the hunger strike of detained prisoners, national cultural activists Siyamak Mirzai, Kianoush Aslani, and Behnam Shaykhi, held at Evin Prison in Tehran, also started a hunger strike. Later on, in Tehran, Khalid Pirzadeh, Hossein Hashemi, and Mohammad Turkmani, serving sentences, joined the hunger strike. On June 16, Siyamak Mirzai, Kianoush Aslani, and Tavhid Amir Amini, detained in Tehran's Evin Prison, and supporting the hunger strike, were transferred to the interrogation isolation ward of the prison's intelligence service (Ward 209) for three hours. Later, the prison administration met Abbas Lisani's demands by removing individuals convicted of serious crimes from the section where political prisoners were held. This led the national cultural activists to end their hunger strikes. Ali and Rza Vasiqi, who had been moved to the quarantine section due to their hunger strike, were returned to their previous section on June 24.
On August 30, 2021, Abbas Lisani was granted a four-day medical furlough against a bail of 800 million Toman. However, on September 3, 2021, he was taken back to prison.
On September 22, 2021, Ali Reza Farshi declared his intent to conduct a three-day hunger strike in protest against the harsh and unjust judgments of Iranian courts, as well as the deprivation of education in the Turkish language at schools. Subsequently, political prisoner Abbas Lisani and seven others joined Ali Reza Farshi in support of this action.
Abbas Lisani, suffering from cardiovascular issues and high blood pressure, was taken to an external clinic for examination in October 2021. Later on November 4, he was taken for examination by the Ardabil Court Medical Forensic Department. The presentation of his test results and the urgent need for disc surgery were highlighted during the examination. On January 24, 2022, he underwent another examination at the Ardabil Court Medical Forensic Department, where the medical expert commission emphasized the necessity for surgery due to tears in the lumbar intervertebral disc. Consequently, Abbas Lisani was granted a six-month medical furlough starting on February 13, 2022, for treatment outside the prison. After the furlough, national activists from cities such as Tabriz, Urmia, Ardabil, Parsabad, and Khoy visited Abbas Lisani at his home on February 15, 20 and 25. He underwent disc tear surgery at Velayat Hospital in Tabriz on April 9, 2022. Later, a second surgery for the same issue was performed on May 24, 2022. Despite the request and opinion of the medical expert, the Ardabil prosecutor did not extend Abbas Lisani's medical leave, and he was returned to Ardabil Prison on August 27, 2022.
An Azerbaijani national activist, upon the declaration of a "general amnesty decree" by the justice system on February 21, 2023, was released from Ardabil Prison and immediately exiled to the city of Yazd. However, the individual chose not to comply with the exile order and returned to the city of Ardabil, where they were welcomed by other national activists.
Abbas Lisani was re-arrested on October 31, 2006. Following his arrest, his wife, Rugayya Lisani, gave interviews to several news websites discussing the incident. Ruqayya Lisani herself was threatened with arrest for spreading the information about her husband's arrest and therefore, giving it to several foreign websites.
In May 2007, Abbas Lisani's nephew, Mehdi Mahmoudpur, was arrested.
On September 10, 2008, in the evening hours, a raid was conducted by Iran's special service agents during an iftar ceremony organized at Sayyad Mohammadiani's house. More than 20 guests, including Abbas Lisani's family members, his wife Rugayya Lisani, and their sons Atilla Lisani and Ogtay Lisani, were detained. Abbas Lisani's family members were released after several hours of questioning.
Following Abbas Lisani's arrest on September 9, 2011, his nephew Mehdi Mahmoudpur was also arrested on September 13.
In February 2016, Abbas Lisani's wife, Ruqayya Alizadeh, and their two sons were summoned to the second department of the Ardabil Court. The court document they received did not specify why they were summoned, but they were threatened with surveillance if Ruqayya did not appear in court within five days. On February 23, 2016, when Rugayya and their sons appeared at the second department of the Ardabil Court, they refused to answer questions and sign court papers, claiming the questions were irrelevant.
On October 8, 2020, unidentified individuals set fire to a car belonging to Abbas Lisani's family.
In November 2020 Abbas Lisani's son, Ogtay Lisani, was accused of "disturbing public opinion" by the Ardabil Public Catering Facilities Supervision Administration for distributing sweets on November 9, following the liberation of Shusha. He was prohibited from continuing his work at the Ardabil market.
In January 2007 the Committee for the Defense of the Rights of World Azerbaijanis (CDRWA) appealed to the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) requesting the release of Abbas Lisani.
On February 1, 2007 Abbas Lisani was declared a prisoner of conscience by the International Amnesty Organization.
On February 1, 2007 US State Department spokesman Sean McCormack said that the State Department is concerned about the condition of Azerbaijani Abbas Lisani, who was imprisoned in Iran, and that Lisani is being physically harassed in prison. A State Department statement later stated that the regime in Iran bans the Azerbaijani language in schools, persecutes Azerbaijani activists, and unjustly imprisons people who defend their cultural and linguistic rights, such as Mr. Lisani. In February 2007, Holger Gustafsson, a member of the Swedish Parliament's foreign relations commission, Christian Democratic Party deputy, appealed the Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and requested the release of Abbas Lisani. In February 2007, the member of the European Parliament Karl Schliter appealed to Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei for the release of Abbas Lisani. In his appeal, he drew attention to the problems related to Lisani's conditions of detention, health, and pressure on his family. On March 6, 2007, the State Department of the United States of America presented a report on the state of human rights for 2006. In this report, it is written about the violation of the right to the mother tongue of Azerbaijanis in Iran, political arrests,, and persecutions, including the arrest of Abbas Lisani.
In March 2008, a rally was held by the Association of South Azerbaijanis in front of the BBC building in London. The participants of the rally demanded the release of Abbas Lisani. On them, "30 million Azerbaijani Turks were repressed by the Iranian regime!", "Azerbaijani Turkish should be the official language in South Azerbaijan!", "Stop the torture of prisoners of conscience!" They held placards with the words During the 2-hour action, the participants distributed leaflets in English about the arrest of Abbas Lisani and the situation of South Azerbaijanis in Iran.
On August 29, 2015, a football match was held in Ardabil at Takhti Stadium between Ardabil's "Shahrdari" team and Isfahan's "Giti Pasand" club. Ardabilly fans who came to the game chanted "May our country prosper – may Lisani be free" and demanded the freedom of Abbas Lisani. On September 10, 2015, Mustafa Parvin, Saleh Pichganli, Tovhid Amir Amini, Murtaza Parvin, and Meysam Colani were arrested by Iranian security forces during a football match at Takhti Stadium in Ardabil. The reason for this was that they raised placards with expressions supporting Abbas Lisani and other political prisoners and chanted national slogans during the game at the stadium. Each of them was sentenced to 3 months in prison and 30 lashes. According to the court's decision, 30 lashes should be given on the day of the end of the 3-month prison term, the sentence was carried out in the first days of the activists' entry.
2019, saw the publication of the book "Freedom's Struggle," compiling Abbas Lisani's poems, articles, court appearances, and interviews by a group of supporters.
To support Abbas Lisani, who started a hunger strike to protest his arrest in 2019, national activists started the "Support Abbas Lisani" campaign. On February 4, 2019, the chairman of the Azerbaijan Democracy and Welfare (ADR) Movement, Gubad Ibadoglu, demanded the release of Abbas Lisani and called on everyone to support him. On February 5, the Musavat party issued a statement demanding the unconditional release of Abbas Lisani and all national activists held in Iranian prisons. Along with the party's statement, its president Arif Hajili also condemned the persecution of national activists in Iran and demanded the freedom of Abbas Lisani. On February 7, the co-chairman of the World Congress of Azerbaijanis, Sabir Rustamkhanli, demanded the immediate release of Abbas Lisani and those unjustly arrested with him, and the fulfillment of the national, political, and economic demands of Azerbaijani Turks in Iran. On February 10, security forces searched the homes of human rights defenders Murtaza Parvin, Mehdi Dustdar, and Rahim Nowruzi, as well as the workplaces of Ali Wasigi and Mazahir Maali, who supported the "Support Abbas Lisani" campaign.
On July 10, 2019, the Nationalist Youth Organization held a demonstration in front of the Iranian Embassy in Baku, advocating for the rights of Abbas Lisani and other activists who were in detention. Participants of the demonstration chanted slogans such as 'Freedom for our compatriots!', 'Southern Azerbaijan is not Iran!', 'Let Azerbaijan unite, let Tabriz be the capital!', and other slogans. They read out the manifesto of the demonstration in front of the embassy.
On July 17, 2019, activists from the Musavat Party attempted to hold a picket in front of the Iranian Embassy. The manifesto of the demonstration demanded the cessation of military cooperation between the Iranian government and Armenia, the cancellation of the joint arms production agreement, the release of Abbas Lisani and other activists, and an end to ethnic discrimination.
In March 2020, 161 national-cultural activists, including journalists, poets, researchers, writers, and civic activists, wrote a letter to Ibrahim Raisi, the head of Iran's judiciary, requesting the release of political prisoners due to the coronavirus threat. They specifically mentioned the names of 28 Azerbaijani political prisoners, including Abbas Lisani, in their appeal.
In June 2020, 'United for Iran,' a human rights defense group based in the United States, initiated a signature campaign for the release of Abbas Lisani.
In December 2020, in the city of Ardabil, slogans were written on the walls advocating for the release of political prisoners. Messages such as 'We are still unaware', 'Political prisoners saved us, they have been in custody for a long time, let's not forget them', 'Release the prisoners on furlough', 'Abbas Lisani is still banned from visits and phone calls', and 'The health of our political prisoners is our red line' were painted on the walls.
In May 2021, wall inscriptions demanding the release of political prisoners appeared on the streets of Ardabil. During that period, as elections approached in Iran, national activists wrote slogans on the walls such as 'We support the right to freedom for political prisoners,' 'We support Abbas Lisani,' and 'The elected representative of the Azerbaijani people is in prison.'
In August 2021, the UN's special rapporteur on human rights in Iran, Javid Rahman, presented his latest report on human rights violations in Iran to the UN General Assembly. In his 25-page report, he highlighted the targeting of Turkish citizens and civil society activists like Abbas Lisani and Alireza Farshi, who advocate for minority rights in Iranian Azerbaijan. He also provided information regarding Abbas Lisani's hunger strike in June 2021, along with that of seven other national activists. | [
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"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Abbas Lisani (born February 18, 1967, Ardabil province) is an Azerbaijani cultural activist in Iran, prisoner of conscience, poet, and writer.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Due to his involvement in national cultural activities, he has been incarcerated multiple times since 1997. In 2006 alone, he was tried four times within six months, sentenced to 30 months in prison, endured 50 lashes, and received a three-year exile. His participation in events such as the Babak Castle Congress in 2005, commemorating the anniversary of the Constitutional Revolution, ceremonies held at the tomb of Baqir Khan in Tabriz, and involvement in the National Uprising Day in May 2006 led to these consequences.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In the following years, he was repeatedly imprisoned, faced persecution, and was subjected to exile. Various international organizations, parties, and activists issued statements against his imprisonment. Since 2007, he has been declared a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International. Several organizations and activists conducted signature campaigns and protest actions to secure his release from prison. He also undertook hunger strikes on multiple occasions to defend his rights and the rights of other prisoners.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In February 2023, he was released from Ardabil prison and exiled to the city of Yazd. However, he stated his innocence, and despite the exile order, he returned to Ardabil city.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Abbas Asad oghlu Lisani was born in 1968 in Ardabil. He has faced multiple imprisonments since 1997 due to his involvement in national cultural activities. On August 25, 2003, he was arrested for participating in an event at Babak Castle and was released on September 18, 2003, after posting bail of 50 million rials.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On June 22, 2004, he was arrested for participating in a sit-in protest at Ardabil's Sarcheshmeh Mosque. Security forces attacked the mosque, covering his mouth and nose with a cloth until he lost consciousness. This assault resulted in multiple broken ribs, a damaged nose, a left lung, and a left kidney. He was held alone in an undisclosed location for two days, then brought to the 7th Branch of the Ardabil Revolutionary Court and detained for an additional month. Despite requesting medical attention and undertaking a hunger strike, his requests were denied. He was released on July 22, 2004, after posting bail of 200 million rials. Later, he was fined 800 thousand rials and sentenced to 15 lashes for \"disturbing public order.\"",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 2005, he was arrested for participating in a ceremony held at the tomb of Baqir Khan in Tabriz, commemorating the anniversary of the Persian Constitutional Revolution. On August 6, the 1st Branch of the Ardabil Revolutionary Court issued a verdict to exile Abbas Lisani to Khuzestan for a year. He was accused of promoting pan-Turkism, engaging in activities against national security, propagating against the system, and publishing a calendar in the Turkish language. Abbas Lisani appealed this decision to the appellate court. Initially, his case was referred to a higher court in Tehran. Later, it was returned to Kalibar for another court hearing. There, the court revoked the earlier decision of one-year exile and sentenced him to one year in prison.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "On May 27, 2006, during the National Uprising Day in Ardabil, Abbas Lisani participated in a gathering that involved tens of thousands of people. Clashes erupted between police forces and protesters, leading to gunfire targeting the demonstrators. Numerous individuals sustained severe injuries, and at least 150 people were arrested. Despite attempts by the police to arrest Abbas Lisani during the incident, the protesters resisted, preventing his arrest. Later, on June 3, 2006, he was arrested for his participation in the National Uprising Day. Around 30 plainclothes officers forcibly entered his home without presenting an arrest warrant and physically assaulted Abbas Lisani in front of his family, including his children and spouse. Additionally, they confiscated books, mobile phones, a computer, and various video discs from his house. Until June 7, there was no information provided about his whereabouts. However, on June 7, after allowing him to speak with his family via telephone call, he disclosed that he was held in solitary confinement at Ardabil prison and had initiated a hunger strike. After 58 days of the hunger strike, he halted it on July 30, after being granted permission to meet with his family.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In September 2006, there was a protest in front of the Ardabil court demanding the release of political prisoners. During this demonstration, several individuals, including Fazail Azizian, were arrested. Kubra Gurbanzade, who went to the prison to visit her spouse, was also detained because of her participation in the protest. Despite being three months pregnant, Kubra Gurbanzade's unjust detention led Fazail Azizian to start a hunger strike in protest. Other detainees joined the hunger strike in support of them. Despite being just four days away from his own release, Abbas Lisani began a hunger strike on September 22, to support them. After Kubra Gurbanzade was released, the hunger strikers ceased their protest.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The day after his release, on September 27, 2006, Abbas Lisani was sentenced by the Ardabil court to 16 months in prison and 50 lashes for participating in the National Uprising Day. He filed an appeal against this decision on October 26, 2006. However, on October 31, 2006, Abbas Lisani was rearrested.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "On March 2007, he was transferred to the 7th section of the prison, where arms and drug traffickers were detained, allegedly to exert pressure on him and the national activist Behruz Alizadeh. During his imprisonment, he faced constant harassment. Secret cameras were installed in his prison room, monitoring his every move. Harsh punishments were imposed on fellow inmates who communicated with or were associated with Abbas Lisani to isolate him. In May 2007, in a letter sent from prison, Abbas Lisani highlighted human rights abuses and repression related to the anniversary of the National Uprising Day, urging people to join in protest against these violations. On March 4, 2008, he was transferred from Ardabil prison to Yazd prison. On September 10, 2008, he participated in the iftar ceremony organized at Seyyad Mohammadian's house in the evening. 17 people were arrested during the raid on this party by the employees of Iran's special services. Abbas Lisani's wife and 3 children were among those arrested. He was released on October 29, 2008. In December 2009, at the funeral of Genghis Bakhtavar, Abbas Lisani and several people who participated in the funeral were beaten by Iranian security officials. Before the funeral, some Azerbaijani national activists were called by ettealaat officials and asked them not to participate in the funeral. After the funeral, Abbas Lisani was called and told that if he did not leave Tabriz, they would send his body to Ardabil.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In 2011 protests occurred in cities inhabited by Azerbaijani Turks against the drying of Lake Urmia. Following these protests, Abbas Lisani and other national activists were arrested in Ardabil. On September 9, 2011, Abbas Lisani was detained at his workplace after protests regarding Lake Urmia's ecological condition in Ardabil on 3 September. He began a hunger strike, citing the illegality of his detention. On November 7, 2011, he was released on bail of 100,000 US dollars according to the decision of the Ardabil Revolutionary Court.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "2014–2017",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "On February 20, 2014, Azerbaijani national activists from various cities in South Azerbaijan gathered at Akbar Abulzadeh's house in Ahvaz to commemorate International Mother Language Day. However, more than 100 activists who attended the event were arrested by Iranian security forces. Among those detained were Abbas Lisani, Saleh Molla Abbasi, Ibrahim Savalan, Ibrahim Nuri, Behzad Abdi, Akbar Abulzadeh, and Abbas Nazari, who were taken to Ettelaat prison. Some of them, including Abbas Lisani, were subjected to torture. Concerned about this, they wrote a letter to the prosecutor of at Ahvaz Judiciary.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In April 2015, the Ardabil Revolutionary Court sentenced Abbas Lisani to one year in prison for allegedly collaborating regularly with \"separatist groups abroad and Gunaz TV\" and discussing the necessity of a secular regime in an article, which led to charges of \"propaganda against the regime.\"",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "In July 2015, around 300 Azerbaijani Turkish activists signed a statement in support of Uyghurs. Abbas Lisani, along with Hasan Demirci, Hasan Rashidi, Akbar Azad, and Abdulaziz Azimi Qadim, signed this statement urging Azerbaijani, Turkish, and Iranian legal authorities to address the issues faced by the Uyghur community in international courts.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "On July 22, 2015, Abbas Lisani was arrested on his way from home to work. He was detained and later transferred to the 7th section of the Ardabil prison, where inmates detained on charges of narcotics and crimes were held. Upon his transfer, his access to designated outdoor areas for prisoners was restricted, the phones in the section were deactivated, and meeting with families was prohibited. On July 25, 2015, protesting against the violation of prisoners' rights and objecting to the transfer of detainees from the Ardabil region to Gilan, specifically to Heyran, Abbas Lisani began a hunger strike. On July 26, special forces subjected Abbas Lisani in the 7th section of Ardabil prison to intimidation, threats, and physical abuse. They also assaulted two Baluchi-origin inmates who were supporting and defending Lisani. During his detention, threats of exile were directed at Abbas Lisani. In September 2015, as permission for a family visit was denied, Abbas Lisani initiated a hunger strike. Authorities threatened to transfer him to a remote prison if he didn't end the strike.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "In 2015, after a children's program insulting Azerbaijanis in the program \"Fitila\" broadcast on the Iranian state TV channel, on November 9, 2015, Azerbaijani Turks started protest actions in various cities of Iran. To support the protests, Abbas Lisani also started a hunger strike in prison. After that, he was deported from Ardabil prison to Adilabad prison in Shiraz. Despite being exiled, he continued his hunger strike.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "In December 2015, 1046 Turkish activists living in Iran and South Azerbaijan signed a declaration of support against the massacre of Syrian Turkmen. Among those who signed the statement was Abbas Lisani.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "In 2016, Yurysh Mehralibeyli, Huseyn Ali Mohammadi, Murtaza Muradpur, Rasul Razavi, and Abbas Lisani, who were detained in Tabriz prison and exiled to Shiraz prison, held a hunger strike from 19 to 21 February on the occasion of World Mother Language Day. They held this hunger strike as a protest against the lack of education in Azerbaijani Turkish in Iran.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "On May 18, 2016 Abbas Lisani's prison term ended, but they did not release him. As a protest, Abbas Lisani started a hunger strike on May 19. Later on the same day, Yurush Mehralibeyli, Rasul Razavi, Huseyn Alimohammadi, Murtaza Muradpour, Latif Hasani, and several national cultural activist who were detained in Tabriz Central Prison, Ardabil Prison and Rajayi-Sharh Prison in Karaj started a hunger strike and announced their support for Lisani. On May 25, 2016, he was temporarily released on bail.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "On November 7, 2016 Abbas Lisani was again arrested in court and transferred to the central prison of Khiyav. The reason for his arrest was his speech at the wedding of national activist Aydın Zakiri. Meshkin's Revolutionary Court accused him of pan-Turkism and \"propaganda against the regime\" in this speech. Later, Abbas Lisani, who said that his arrest was unjustified, appealed to the appeals court. In 2017, the Ardabil appellate court annulled the verdict of the first court and acquitted well-known activist Abbas Lisani.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "In August 2017 40 Turkish rights activists were summoned to the Ahar court. Activists, including Abbas Lisani, were tried en masse. In October 2017, Abbas Lisani was summoned to court again.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "2018 July 2 marked another arrest for Abbas Lisani, occurring just before the annual Babak Castle Conference. In protest, he initiated a hunger strike. On July 14, he was released from Tabriz Central Prison on a bail of 500 million rials. Later, on September 16 of the same year, he was summoned to the Tabriz Revolutionary Court. Refusing to comply, Lisani declined the summons as it was delivered via SMS, not an official stamped document.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "Subsequently, on December 31, 2018, Abbas Lisani received another SMS notification from the Ardabil Revolutionary Court informing him of a 10-month prison sentence.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "In January 2019, he was arrested by security forces in Ardabil and transferred to Tabriz Prison, although the exact reason for his arrest remains unclear, according to Abbas Lisani:",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "I have two accusations. I was present at the burial of our great national activist, Hasan Agha Demirci. ETTELAAT had given orders not to speak at the funeral, but the public wanted me to speak. I spoke for about 10–12 minutes. There was nothing against the system or the establishment in my speech. I only spoke about Hasan Agha Demirci and Azerbaijan. How could it be against the system here? But if they consider it so, let it be. I will speak. The second accusation is related to the march to Babak Castle last year. During my speech there, I said that we should be strong, and have connections with nations, and one of the places for such connections is Babak Castle, coming together here. They counted these words as an offense too. I was among approximately a hundred people detained at that time. Nevertheless, the meeting continued at Babak Castle. So, I am accused of calling for gatherings both at Babak Castle and at Demirci's funeral. These are false accusations. They don't fit into the law. Every year there is a march to Babak Castle, and it will continue. It will be impossible to prevent this. It is written in the Constitution that every citizen has the right to assemble, to gather.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "After being sent to Tabriz Prison on January 5, Abbas Lisani objected to being illegally tried without an official summons. The Tabriz Court accepted Lisani's objection and temporarily halted the execution of the judgment. Judge Ahrabi signed a temporary release order against a 100 million tuman bail and scheduled a new hearing for January 15. Upon Lisani's arrival at the Tabriz Revolutionary Court on January 15, he was arrested by security forces after the session concluded. A few days later, five other activists close to him were tried at the Ardabil Revolutionary Court. Rahim Gulami, Asgar Akbarzadeh, Ali Vasiqi, Mehdi Hushmand, and Saeed Sadiqifar were charged with \"illegally organizing support to jeopardize the country's security.\" Lisani, transferred to Ardabil Prison, initiated a hunger strike in protest against his detention.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "On February 21, 2019, in commemoration of International Mother Language Day, Abbas Lisani, serving his sentence in Ardabil Prison, along with Latif Hasani in Karaj Prison, Siyamek Mirzayi and Ibrahim Nuri in Evin Prison, and Amir Settari in Tabriz Prison, initiated a 5-day hunger strike. They conducted this hunger strike in protest of the absence of education in Azerbaijani Turkish in Iran.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "On March 10, 2019, they appeared in court in Ardabil. Abbas Lisani refused to wear the prison uniform while being taken to court, citing it as a violation of his human dignity. As a result, officials brought him to court in handcuffs and leg shackles. He requested that his defense to be conducted in Azerbaijani Turkish, presenting his arguments in his mother tongue.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "On April 13, 2019, the East Azerbaijan Appeals Court reviewed Abbas Lisani's complaint against the 10-month sentence issued by the Tabriz Revolutionary Court in February. Abbas Lisani was not permitted to attend the court proceedings. Later, the 26th Chamber of the Appeals Court concluded that the imprisonment sentence against the political activist was \"in accordance with Sharia and legal rules.\"",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "On July 8, 2019, the Ardabil Revolutionary Court sentenced Abbas Lisani to 8 years of imprisonment, depriving him of liberty for allegedly \"inciting the population of West Azerbaijan to arm themselves,\" \"forming an illegal group,\" and \"engaging in anti-system propaganda.\" Additionally, he received a 2-year exile sentence with his family to Yazd. Disagreeing with this decision, Abbas Lisani filed an appeal. On September 13, 2019, he was summoned to the appeals court. The Ardabil Province Appeals Court addressed Abbas Lisani's complaint on September 16, 2019, where he presented his \"defense statement\" in Azerbaijani Turkish during the court session. He is saying:",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "If you have justice and honesty within you, if you believe you are right in the accusations and stances you've taken, then open the doors! Establish an open court so that the nation and the entire world can decide for themselves!",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "The initial verdict had acquitted him of the charges on two counts, but later, those two accusations were reintroduced, extending his sentence from 8 to 15 years. According to some, Lisani received a harsher punishment because he defended himself in court in his native language. After the sentence was extended, Abbas Lisani appealed to Iran's Supreme Court, but the Supreme Court upheld the 15-year sentence imposed by the Ardabil court. On October 20, Abbas Lisani's lawyer, Mohammadreza Faghihi, was arrested. Faghihi was detained after meeting with Abbas Lisani in the morning at Ardabil's prosecutor's office. Mohammadreza Faghihi was charged by the 102nd Branch of the Ardabil Court for \"revealing confidential court documents\" and sentenced to 6 months in prison. In March 2020, Mohammadreza Faghihi was acquitted. In July 2020, the Iranian Supreme Court rejected Abbas Lisani's cassation complaint, upholding the 15-year sentence issued by the Ardabil court. Despite the risk of the spread of COVID-19, many prisoners were temporarily released, but Abbas Lisani was not granted this permission, even though he had the right to leave for several days to attend a funeral and mourning ceremony after his brother's death.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "After the start of the Second Karabakh War on September 27, 2020, Abbas Lisani was banned from meeting his relatives and talking on the phone. Later, on November 13, this ban was imposed again. On November 20, 2020, Abbas Lisani, who was detained in the 7th section of Ardabil prison, held a 5-hour sit-in protest in the prison guard's office in protest against the bans imposed on him. It is reported that these bans were implemented on the initiative of Nasir Atabati, the head of the intelligence department of Ardabil province, the director general of regional justice, and the prosecutor of Ardabil, Seyyed Abdullah Tabatabayi. After the action, Abbas Lisani was allowed to be visited by his relatives. However, they did not remove the ban on talking on the phone.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "On January 13, 2021, Yusif Kari, a detained cultural activist, initiated a hunger strike in protest against the misconduct of the deputy prosecutor overseeing the prison and his transfer from his section to the quarantine section. In support of Yusif Kari, Abbas Lisani, detained in Ardabil prison since January 18, also began a hunger strike. Later, in solidarity with Kari, Siyamak Mirzayi from Evin prison, Ali and Rza Vasiqi from Ardabil prison, joined the hunger strike. Abbas Lisani started a dry hunger strike on January 20. Yusif Kari, who had started a dry hunger strike on January 17, ceased his protest after being returned to his section from the quarantine area on the night of January 20. Following his decision, other national activists supporting Kari also stopped their hunger strikes.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "In May 2021, there will be significant back and knee pain, as in prison. He was admitted to the hospital on the 25th because the drugs and effective treatments given by the prison doctors did not work. However, on the same day, he was taken back to prison after surveillance.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "On June 12, 2021, his prison officially went on a hunger strike to protest the protests against the prisoners. According to Iranian law, the cells where political prisoners are kept must be separate from other prisoners. But in Iran, courts and prisons, political and social movements do not follow this law to put citizens under the control of security prisoners. Now they increase the psychological pressure on them by transferring national cultural activities and people from serious crimes to the same cell. Later, Yusif Kari also started a hunger strike to support Abbas Lisani. On June 13, they signed a dry hunger strike using both waters.On June 13, security guards Ali and Reza Wasighi and Mehrdad Sheikh protested the hunger strike in Ardabil prison. The 5 national activists who started the hunger strike were sent to the quarantine section of the prison for these actions, and they were also banned from making phone calls with their relatives. On June 14, to support the hunger strike of detained prisoners, national cultural activists Siyamak Mirzai, Kianoush Aslani, and Behnam Shaykhi, held at Evin Prison in Tehran, also started a hunger strike. Later on, in Tehran, Khalid Pirzadeh, Hossein Hashemi, and Mohammad Turkmani, serving sentences, joined the hunger strike. On June 16, Siyamak Mirzai, Kianoush Aslani, and Tavhid Amir Amini, detained in Tehran's Evin Prison, and supporting the hunger strike, were transferred to the interrogation isolation ward of the prison's intelligence service (Ward 209) for three hours. Later, the prison administration met Abbas Lisani's demands by removing individuals convicted of serious crimes from the section where political prisoners were held. This led the national cultural activists to end their hunger strikes. Ali and Rza Vasiqi, who had been moved to the quarantine section due to their hunger strike, were returned to their previous section on June 24.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "On August 30, 2021, Abbas Lisani was granted a four-day medical furlough against a bail of 800 million Toman. However, on September 3, 2021, he was taken back to prison.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "On September 22, 2021, Ali Reza Farshi declared his intent to conduct a three-day hunger strike in protest against the harsh and unjust judgments of Iranian courts, as well as the deprivation of education in the Turkish language at schools. Subsequently, political prisoner Abbas Lisani and seven others joined Ali Reza Farshi in support of this action.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "Abbas Lisani, suffering from cardiovascular issues and high blood pressure, was taken to an external clinic for examination in October 2021. Later on November 4, he was taken for examination by the Ardabil Court Medical Forensic Department. The presentation of his test results and the urgent need for disc surgery were highlighted during the examination. On January 24, 2022, he underwent another examination at the Ardabil Court Medical Forensic Department, where the medical expert commission emphasized the necessity for surgery due to tears in the lumbar intervertebral disc. Consequently, Abbas Lisani was granted a six-month medical furlough starting on February 13, 2022, for treatment outside the prison. After the furlough, national activists from cities such as Tabriz, Urmia, Ardabil, Parsabad, and Khoy visited Abbas Lisani at his home on February 15, 20 and 25. He underwent disc tear surgery at Velayat Hospital in Tabriz on April 9, 2022. Later, a second surgery for the same issue was performed on May 24, 2022. Despite the request and opinion of the medical expert, the Ardabil prosecutor did not extend Abbas Lisani's medical leave, and he was returned to Ardabil Prison on August 27, 2022.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "An Azerbaijani national activist, upon the declaration of a \"general amnesty decree\" by the justice system on February 21, 2023, was released from Ardabil Prison and immediately exiled to the city of Yazd. However, the individual chose not to comply with the exile order and returned to the city of Ardabil, where they were welcomed by other national activists.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "Abbas Lisani was re-arrested on October 31, 2006. Following his arrest, his wife, Rugayya Lisani, gave interviews to several news websites discussing the incident. Ruqayya Lisani herself was threatened with arrest for spreading the information about her husband's arrest and therefore, giving it to several foreign websites.",
"title": "Pressures on his family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "In May 2007, Abbas Lisani's nephew, Mehdi Mahmoudpur, was arrested.",
"title": "Pressures on his family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "On September 10, 2008, in the evening hours, a raid was conducted by Iran's special service agents during an iftar ceremony organized at Sayyad Mohammadiani's house. More than 20 guests, including Abbas Lisani's family members, his wife Rugayya Lisani, and their sons Atilla Lisani and Ogtay Lisani, were detained. Abbas Lisani's family members were released after several hours of questioning.",
"title": "Pressures on his family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"text": "Following Abbas Lisani's arrest on September 9, 2011, his nephew Mehdi Mahmoudpur was also arrested on September 13.",
"title": "Pressures on his family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"text": "In February 2016, Abbas Lisani's wife, Ruqayya Alizadeh, and their two sons were summoned to the second department of the Ardabil Court. The court document they received did not specify why they were summoned, but they were threatened with surveillance if Ruqayya did not appear in court within five days. On February 23, 2016, when Rugayya and their sons appeared at the second department of the Ardabil Court, they refused to answer questions and sign court papers, claiming the questions were irrelevant.",
"title": "Pressures on his family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"text": "On October 8, 2020, unidentified individuals set fire to a car belonging to Abbas Lisani's family.",
"title": "Pressures on his family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"text": "In November 2020 Abbas Lisani's son, Ogtay Lisani, was accused of \"disturbing public opinion\" by the Ardabil Public Catering Facilities Supervision Administration for distributing sweets on November 9, following the liberation of Shusha. He was prohibited from continuing his work at the Ardabil market.",
"title": "Pressures on his family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"text": "In January 2007 the Committee for the Defense of the Rights of World Azerbaijanis (CDRWA) appealed to the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) requesting the release of Abbas Lisani.",
"title": "Protests against his arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"text": "On February 1, 2007 Abbas Lisani was declared a prisoner of conscience by the International Amnesty Organization.",
"title": "Protests against his arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"text": "On February 1, 2007 US State Department spokesman Sean McCormack said that the State Department is concerned about the condition of Azerbaijani Abbas Lisani, who was imprisoned in Iran, and that Lisani is being physically harassed in prison. A State Department statement later stated that the regime in Iran bans the Azerbaijani language in schools, persecutes Azerbaijani activists, and unjustly imprisons people who defend their cultural and linguistic rights, such as Mr. Lisani. In February 2007, Holger Gustafsson, a member of the Swedish Parliament's foreign relations commission, Christian Democratic Party deputy, appealed the Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and requested the release of Abbas Lisani. In February 2007, the member of the European Parliament Karl Schliter appealed to Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei for the release of Abbas Lisani. In his appeal, he drew attention to the problems related to Lisani's conditions of detention, health, and pressure on his family. On March 6, 2007, the State Department of the United States of America presented a report on the state of human rights for 2006. In this report, it is written about the violation of the right to the mother tongue of Azerbaijanis in Iran, political arrests,, and persecutions, including the arrest of Abbas Lisani.",
"title": "Protests against his arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"text": "In March 2008, a rally was held by the Association of South Azerbaijanis in front of the BBC building in London. The participants of the rally demanded the release of Abbas Lisani. On them, \"30 million Azerbaijani Turks were repressed by the Iranian regime!\", \"Azerbaijani Turkish should be the official language in South Azerbaijan!\", \"Stop the torture of prisoners of conscience!\" They held placards with the words During the 2-hour action, the participants distributed leaflets in English about the arrest of Abbas Lisani and the situation of South Azerbaijanis in Iran.",
"title": "Protests against his arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"text": "On August 29, 2015, a football match was held in Ardabil at Takhti Stadium between Ardabil's \"Shahrdari\" team and Isfahan's \"Giti Pasand\" club. Ardabilly fans who came to the game chanted \"May our country prosper – may Lisani be free\" and demanded the freedom of Abbas Lisani. On September 10, 2015, Mustafa Parvin, Saleh Pichganli, Tovhid Amir Amini, Murtaza Parvin, and Meysam Colani were arrested by Iranian security forces during a football match at Takhti Stadium in Ardabil. The reason for this was that they raised placards with expressions supporting Abbas Lisani and other political prisoners and chanted national slogans during the game at the stadium. Each of them was sentenced to 3 months in prison and 30 lashes. According to the court's decision, 30 lashes should be given on the day of the end of the 3-month prison term, the sentence was carried out in the first days of the activists' entry.",
"title": "Protests against his arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"text": "2019, saw the publication of the book \"Freedom's Struggle,\" compiling Abbas Lisani's poems, articles, court appearances, and interviews by a group of supporters.",
"title": "Protests against his arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"text": "To support Abbas Lisani, who started a hunger strike to protest his arrest in 2019, national activists started the \"Support Abbas Lisani\" campaign. On February 4, 2019, the chairman of the Azerbaijan Democracy and Welfare (ADR) Movement, Gubad Ibadoglu, demanded the release of Abbas Lisani and called on everyone to support him. On February 5, the Musavat party issued a statement demanding the unconditional release of Abbas Lisani and all national activists held in Iranian prisons. Along with the party's statement, its president Arif Hajili also condemned the persecution of national activists in Iran and demanded the freedom of Abbas Lisani. On February 7, the co-chairman of the World Congress of Azerbaijanis, Sabir Rustamkhanli, demanded the immediate release of Abbas Lisani and those unjustly arrested with him, and the fulfillment of the national, political, and economic demands of Azerbaijani Turks in Iran. On February 10, security forces searched the homes of human rights defenders Murtaza Parvin, Mehdi Dustdar, and Rahim Nowruzi, as well as the workplaces of Ali Wasigi and Mazahir Maali, who supported the \"Support Abbas Lisani\" campaign.",
"title": "Protests against his arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"text": "On July 10, 2019, the Nationalist Youth Organization held a demonstration in front of the Iranian Embassy in Baku, advocating for the rights of Abbas Lisani and other activists who were in detention. Participants of the demonstration chanted slogans such as 'Freedom for our compatriots!', 'Southern Azerbaijan is not Iran!', 'Let Azerbaijan unite, let Tabriz be the capital!', and other slogans. They read out the manifesto of the demonstration in front of the embassy.",
"title": "Protests against his arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"text": "On July 17, 2019, activists from the Musavat Party attempted to hold a picket in front of the Iranian Embassy. The manifesto of the demonstration demanded the cessation of military cooperation between the Iranian government and Armenia, the cancellation of the joint arms production agreement, the release of Abbas Lisani and other activists, and an end to ethnic discrimination.",
"title": "Protests against his arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"text": "In March 2020, 161 national-cultural activists, including journalists, poets, researchers, writers, and civic activists, wrote a letter to Ibrahim Raisi, the head of Iran's judiciary, requesting the release of political prisoners due to the coronavirus threat. They specifically mentioned the names of 28 Azerbaijani political prisoners, including Abbas Lisani, in their appeal.",
"title": "Protests against his arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"text": "In June 2020, 'United for Iran,' a human rights defense group based in the United States, initiated a signature campaign for the release of Abbas Lisani.",
"title": "Protests against his arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"text": "In December 2020, in the city of Ardabil, slogans were written on the walls advocating for the release of political prisoners. Messages such as 'We are still unaware', 'Political prisoners saved us, they have been in custody for a long time, let's not forget them', 'Release the prisoners on furlough', 'Abbas Lisani is still banned from visits and phone calls', and 'The health of our political prisoners is our red line' were painted on the walls.",
"title": "Protests against his arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"text": "In May 2021, wall inscriptions demanding the release of political prisoners appeared on the streets of Ardabil. During that period, as elections approached in Iran, national activists wrote slogans on the walls such as 'We support the right to freedom for political prisoners,' 'We support Abbas Lisani,' and 'The elected representative of the Azerbaijani people is in prison.'",
"title": "Protests against his arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"text": "In August 2021, the UN's special rapporteur on human rights in Iran, Javid Rahman, presented his latest report on human rights violations in Iran to the UN General Assembly. In his 25-page report, he highlighted the targeting of Turkish citizens and civil society activists like Abbas Lisani and Alireza Farshi, who advocate for minority rights in Iranian Azerbaijan. He also provided information regarding Abbas Lisani's hunger strike in June 2021, along with that of seven other national activists.",
"title": "Protests against his arrest"
}
] | Abbas Lisani is an Azerbaijani cultural activist in Iran, prisoner of conscience, poet, and writer. Due to his involvement in national cultural activities, he has been incarcerated multiple times since 1997. In 2006 alone, he was tried four times within six months, sentenced to 30 months in prison, endured 50 lashes, and received a three-year exile. His participation in events such as the Babak Castle Congress in 2005, commemorating the anniversary of the Constitutional Revolution, ceremonies held at the tomb of Baqir Khan in Tabriz, and involvement in the National Uprising Day in May 2006 led to these consequences. In the following years, he was repeatedly imprisoned, faced persecution, and was subjected to exile. Various international organizations, parties, and activists issued statements against his imprisonment. Since 2007, he has been declared a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International. Several organizations and activists conducted signature campaigns and protest actions to secure his release from prison. He also undertook hunger strikes on multiple occasions to defend his rights and the rights of other prisoners. In February 2023, he was released from Ardabil prison and exiled to the city of Yazd. However, he stated his innocence, and despite the exile order, he returned to Ardabil city. | 2023-12-16T07:48:51Z | 2023-12-29T13:00:32Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_Lisani |
75,576,915 | Alaya (film) | Alaya is a 1987 American avant-garde short film directed by Nathaniel Dorsky. It shows sand filmed in different ways.
Dorsky shot the earliest footage for Alaya while visiting friends in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. To produce attain extreme magnification of individual grains of sand, he made use of extension tubes. Dorsky's home in San Francisco, California was not far from the beach, so he photographed it during spring, when heavy winds would blow the sand around. Shooting was difficult, and he had to have his camera cleaned repeatedly.
Dorsky set up a makeshift soundstage in the cellar of his home. He placed his camera on a tripod with an aperture around f/11. Because he was using multiple extension tubes, a large depth of field was required to keep entire grains in focus. Two photofloods provided the amount of light needed for this, which heated the lens of his camera enough that he could not touch it. While the camera was rolling, Dorsky used an Electrolux vacuum cleaner to blow the sand around on a baking tray.
Alaya was inspired by a Buddhist teacher. It is named after alaya, a Buddhist term for what Dorsky described as "perception without concept".
Alaya premiered on October 6, 1987 at the Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive. It screened on October 20 at the Collective for Living Cinema in New York.
Critic Stephen Holden called Alaya "a flowing visual symphony of sand, wind and light." Amy Taubin reacted negatively, recommending in The Village Voice that "if Dorsky has any other '70s material lying around he should resist bringing it out." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Alaya is a 1987 American avant-garde short film directed by Nathaniel Dorsky. It shows sand filmed in different ways.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Dorsky shot the earliest footage for Alaya while visiting friends in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. To produce attain extreme magnification of individual grains of sand, he made use of extension tubes. Dorsky's home in San Francisco, California was not far from the beach, so he photographed it during spring, when heavy winds would blow the sand around. Shooting was difficult, and he had to have his camera cleaned repeatedly.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Dorsky set up a makeshift soundstage in the cellar of his home. He placed his camera on a tripod with an aperture around f/11. Because he was using multiple extension tubes, a large depth of field was required to keep entire grains in focus. Two photofloods provided the amount of light needed for this, which heated the lens of his camera enough that he could not touch it. While the camera was rolling, Dorsky used an Electrolux vacuum cleaner to blow the sand around on a baking tray.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Alaya was inspired by a Buddhist teacher. It is named after alaya, a Buddhist term for what Dorsky described as \"perception without concept\".",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Alaya premiered on October 6, 1987 at the Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive. It screened on October 20 at the Collective for Living Cinema in New York.",
"title": "Release"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Critic Stephen Holden called Alaya \"a flowing visual symphony of sand, wind and light.\" Amy Taubin reacted negatively, recommending in The Village Voice that \"if Dorsky has any other '70s material lying around he should resist bringing it out.\"",
"title": "Release"
}
] | Alaya is a 1987 American avant-garde short film directed by Nathaniel Dorsky. It shows sand filmed in different ways. | 2023-12-16T08:05:02Z | 2023-12-16T21:12:47Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaya_(film) |
75,577,015 | Herwig Göuessellers | His Excellency, The Most Reverend, Monsignor. Herwig Göuessellers (born on 22 February 1967 in Munich, Bavaria, Germany) is a prelate of the Catholic Church in Germany. He has been appointed as the Metropolitan Archbishop of Bamberg. He was consecrated a bishop in March 2014 and served as Auxiliary bishop, provost of the Cathedral Chapter (2014-2023) and Apostolic Administrator of the same archdiocese (2022-2023).
Monsignor. Herwig Göuessellers was born on on 22 February 1967 in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. After completing his secondary school, he studied philosophy and theology at the Universities of Bamberg and Innsbruck. On 26 June 1993 he was ordained as a priest and incardinated in Bamberg. From 1993-2014, he has held the following activities: pastoral service in various parishes in Bayreuth, Hannberg and Weisendorf; parish priest of the pastoral grouping of Erlangen Nord-West; vice rector of the major seminary of Bamberg and member of the diocesan liturgical commission; vice rector of the seminary of Würzburg and head of vocational pastoral care. In 2014, he was appointed as the Auxiliary bishop of Bamberg and titular bishop of Balecium. He was then appointed episcopal vicar for Caritas and provost of the Cathedral Chapter of Bamberg. He has also served as director of the Pastoral Section of the Archepiscopal Curia and diocesan administrator of the archdiocese of Bamberg since 2022. Within the German Bishops’ Conference, he is deputy chair of the Commission for charitable matters and a member of the Commission for Marriage and the Family. On 9 December 2023 he was appointed as the Metropolitan Archbishop of Bamberg. <ref>https://english.katholisch.de/artikel/49410-house-solution-in-bamberg-herwig-goessl-becomes-new-archbishop<ref> | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "His Excellency, The Most Reverend, Monsignor. Herwig Göuessellers (born on 22 February 1967 in Munich, Bavaria, Germany) is a prelate of the Catholic Church in Germany. He has been appointed as the Metropolitan Archbishop of Bamberg. He was consecrated a bishop in March 2014 and served as Auxiliary bishop, provost of the Cathedral Chapter (2014-2023) and Apostolic Administrator of the same archdiocese (2022-2023).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Monsignor. Herwig Göuessellers was born on on 22 February 1967 in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. After completing his secondary school, he studied philosophy and theology at the Universities of Bamberg and Innsbruck. On 26 June 1993 he was ordained as a priest and incardinated in Bamberg. From 1993-2014, he has held the following activities: pastoral service in various parishes in Bayreuth, Hannberg and Weisendorf; parish priest of the pastoral grouping of Erlangen Nord-West; vice rector of the major seminary of Bamberg and member of the diocesan liturgical commission; vice rector of the seminary of Würzburg and head of vocational pastoral care. In 2014, he was appointed as the Auxiliary bishop of Bamberg and titular bishop of Balecium. He was then appointed episcopal vicar for Caritas and provost of the Cathedral Chapter of Bamberg. He has also served as director of the Pastoral Section of the Archepiscopal Curia and diocesan administrator of the archdiocese of Bamberg since 2022. Within the German Bishops’ Conference, he is deputy chair of the Commission for charitable matters and a member of the Commission for Marriage and the Family. On 9 December 2023 he was appointed as the Metropolitan Archbishop of Bamberg. <ref>https://english.katholisch.de/artikel/49410-house-solution-in-bamberg-herwig-goessl-becomes-new-archbishop<ref>",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | His Excellency, The Most Reverend, Monsignor. Herwig Göuessellers is a prelate of the Catholic Church in Germany. He has been appointed as the Metropolitan Archbishop of Bamberg. He was consecrated a bishop in March 2014 and served as Auxiliary bishop, provost of the Cathedral Chapter (2014-2023) and Apostolic Administrator of the same archdiocese (2022-2023). | 2023-12-16T08:19:56Z | 2023-12-16T21:08:06Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox Christian leader"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herwig_G%C3%B6uessellers |
75,577,022 | GDFS Berbice | GDFS Berbice is a 115 Defiant-class patrol vessel of the Guyana Defence Force. It was launched in 2023 shortly before the 2023 Guyana–Venezuela crisis.
Amid the renewed Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute in the 2010s when Guyana discovered offshore oil, Venezuela increased its aggression towards its eastern neighbor. Concerns about Guyana's aging flagship, the GDFS Essequibo, were raised. In May 2021, Guyana used emergency funds to make a down payment to commence the construction of the GDFS Berbice, citing the need to defend its exclusive economic zone from Venezuela.
On 4 August 2023, the Berbice was launched from the Metal Shark Boats production factory in Jeanerette, Louisiana. Months later on 30 October 2023, Metal Shark announced that the ship sailed to its shipyard in Bayou La Batre, Alabama. The Berbice was incorporated into the Guyana Defence Force in Georgetown, Guyana on 12 November 2023. Venezuelan media criticized the incorporation of the ship.
The Berbice is 115 feet (35 m) long, has a range of 2,000 miles (3,200 km) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) and can travel at a top speed of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph). It has a crew of twenty-four officers and sailors. It can also serve as a mother ship for 5 metres (16 ft) rigid inflatable boats (RIBs) that can be manned by ten individuals. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "GDFS Berbice is a 115 Defiant-class patrol vessel of the Guyana Defence Force. It was launched in 2023 shortly before the 2023 Guyana–Venezuela crisis.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Amid the renewed Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute in the 2010s when Guyana discovered offshore oil, Venezuela increased its aggression towards its eastern neighbor. Concerns about Guyana's aging flagship, the GDFS Essequibo, were raised. In May 2021, Guyana used emergency funds to make a down payment to commence the construction of the GDFS Berbice, citing the need to defend its exclusive economic zone from Venezuela.",
"title": "Ship history"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On 4 August 2023, the Berbice was launched from the Metal Shark Boats production factory in Jeanerette, Louisiana. Months later on 30 October 2023, Metal Shark announced that the ship sailed to its shipyard in Bayou La Batre, Alabama. The Berbice was incorporated into the Guyana Defence Force in Georgetown, Guyana on 12 November 2023. Venezuelan media criticized the incorporation of the ship.",
"title": "Ship history"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Berbice is 115 feet (35 m) long, has a range of 2,000 miles (3,200 km) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) and can travel at a top speed of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph). It has a crew of twenty-four officers and sailors. It can also serve as a mother ship for 5 metres (16 ft) rigid inflatable boats (RIBs) that can be manned by ten individuals.",
"title": "Specifications"
}
] | GDFS Berbice is a 115 Defiant-class patrol vessel of the Guyana Defence Force. It was launched in 2023 shortly before the 2023 Guyana–Venezuela crisis. | 2023-12-16T08:22:03Z | 2023-12-22T21:10:41Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDFS_Berbice |
75,577,057 | Nihad Nusseibeh | Nihad Nusseibeh was a Palestinian military engineer and Fatah member. He was one of the military advisers to Yasser Arafat, president of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
Nusseibeh was born in Jerusalem in 1926. He hailed from a leading family. He joined the Palestinian resistance movement at age 16. He was a graduate of the Military Engineering College of the Syrian Army where he graduated in 1948. He fought in the Golan Height battles in the 1950s and became a major after the battles. He was appointed commander of the northern sector of the Golan Front in 1959.
Nusseibeh settled in Jordan in 1964 and joined the Fatah. He was named as the commander of the Detection Department in the Fatah's military training unit and led the Fatah operations. He was made the commander of the Police Force in 1970. He became the PLO leader in Jordan after the Palestinian Forces left the country after the Black September events. Nusseibeh's tenure ended in 1979. He was promoted to major general and was named as the military advisor of Yasser Arafat in 1982.
Nusseibeh died on 18 December 1999. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Nihad Nusseibeh was a Palestinian military engineer and Fatah member. He was one of the military advisers to Yasser Arafat, president of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Nusseibeh was born in Jerusalem in 1926. He hailed from a leading family. He joined the Palestinian resistance movement at age 16. He was a graduate of the Military Engineering College of the Syrian Army where he graduated in 1948. He fought in the Golan Height battles in the 1950s and became a major after the battles. He was appointed commander of the northern sector of the Golan Front in 1959.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Nusseibeh settled in Jordan in 1964 and joined the Fatah. He was named as the commander of the Detection Department in the Fatah's military training unit and led the Fatah operations. He was made the commander of the Police Force in 1970. He became the PLO leader in Jordan after the Palestinian Forces left the country after the Black September events. Nusseibeh's tenure ended in 1979. He was promoted to major general and was named as the military advisor of Yasser Arafat in 1982.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Nusseibeh died on 18 December 1999.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Nihad Nusseibeh was a Palestinian military engineer and Fatah member. He was one of the military advisers to Yasser Arafat, president of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). | 2023-12-16T08:32:51Z | 2023-12-16T09:04:38Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihad_Nusseibeh |
75,577,080 | 1972 Tennessee State Tigers football team | The 1972 Tennessee State Tigers football team represented Tennessee State University as an independent during the 1972 NCAA College Division football season. In their tenth season under head coach John Merritt, the Tigers compiled an 11–1 record, defeated Drake in the Pioneer Bowl (the Midwest region final of the NCAA College Division), and outscored all opponents by a total of 431 to 107. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 1972 Tennessee State Tigers football team represented Tennessee State University as an independent during the 1972 NCAA College Division football season. In their tenth season under head coach John Merritt, the Tigers compiled an 11–1 record, defeated Drake in the Pioneer Bowl (the Midwest region final of the NCAA College Division), and outscored all opponents by a total of 431 to 107.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "Schedule"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | The 1972 Tennessee State Tigers football team represented Tennessee State University as an independent during the 1972 NCAA College Division football season. In their tenth season under head coach John Merritt, the Tigers compiled an 11–1 record, defeated Drake in the Pioneer Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 431 to 107. | 2023-12-16T08:40:20Z | 2023-12-31T00:49:04Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Tennessee_State_Tigers_football_team |
75,577,092 | The Goldman Case | The Goldman Case is 2023 French legal biographical film by The Goldman Case which centered on Pierre Goldman , a far-left militant who was accused of 4 murders and his relationship with his lawyer Georges Kiejman who is once supporter is now stained as his legal battle in the court over death sentence | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Goldman Case is 2023 French legal biographical film by The Goldman Case which centered on Pierre Goldman , a far-left militant who was accused of 4 murders and his relationship with his lawyer Georges Kiejman who is once supporter is now stained as his legal battle in the court over death sentence",
"title": ""
}
] | The Goldman Case is 2023 French legal biographical film by The Goldman Case which centered on Pierre Goldman, a far-left militant who was accused of 4 murders and his relationship with his lawyer Georges Kiejman who is once supporter is now stained as his legal battle in the court over death sentence | 2023-12-16T08:43:25Z | 2023-12-16T10:40:14Z | [
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Mme",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Cédric Kahn"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Goldman_Case |
75,577,118 | Uses of technetium | [] | REDIRECT [[Technetum | 2023-12-16T08:46:30Z | 2023-12-16T08:46:30Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uses_of_technetium |
|
75,577,147 | Katyar Kaljat Ghusali (soundtrack) | Katyar Kaljat Ghusali is the soundtrack to the 2015 Marathi film of the same name directed by Subodh Bhave based on the 1967 stage play by Purushottam Darvhekar. The film features 17 songs—which included original songs composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy (in their Marathi debut) and the recreations of original music from the play composed by Jitendra Abhisheki and written by Darvhekar. The original songs had lyrics written by Sameer Samant, Mangesh Kangane, Mandar Cholkar and Prakash Kapadia. The soundtrack was released by Zee Music Company on 16 October 2015.
Shankar Mahadevan felt it challenging on creating an original classical soundtrack, as well as retaining the flavour of the play. He did not want to tamper the sanctity of Abhisheki's music as "it is the DNA of every Maharashtrian" but had an opportunity to compose several genres which includes, Bandish, qawwali, bhajan and semi-classical music given his chance to widen his musical scope since the past 30 years. Ehsaan Noorani felt it as a learning experience on being influenced with classical music, who praised Mahadevan as a maestro in that genre.
Vipin Nair of Music Aloud gave 9 out of 10, saying "First time that Shankar Ehsaan Loy get to do an all-out classical album, and they produce one of their best ever works" and called it as a "classy Marathi debut from the trio". Karthik Srinivasan of Milliblog called it as a "stunning Marathi debut by the trio, that aligns more with Shankar’s musical sensibilities." Preethi Kulkarni of BollywoodLife wrote "The soulful notes of classical music will echo in your ears amidst today's commercial masala tracks". Subhash K. Jha's analysis on Firstpost over bringing classical music back to Bollywood, described the film "as an effective instrument of change whereby the flourishing annihilation of indigenous sounds in our cinema is stunned and reversed". He said that the music transported the audience to "a world of unhampered tonal ripeness" plucked from Indian classical instruments to contemporary audience with sincerity and passion.
Katyar Kaljat Ghusali's success was heavily attributed to the film's classical music, as the predominant factor. Actor-director Mahesh Manjrekar also opined that "Music is the hero of Katyar [Kaljat Ghusali]. There are many people like me who have not heard the originals sung by Hindustani classical vocalist Vasantrao Deshpande." Shashi Vyas, founder of the classical music event company, Pancham Nishad said that: "In an age of multiple musical styles and platforms, it is a tedious process to get people inclined towards classical music. But I must say that KKG has broken that bottleneck [...] The centrality of this movie is music, which is pulling all kinds of music aficionados to the theatres [...] If out of one lakh people going to watch KKG, even 1,000 are converted to follow classical music, it is a good beginning."
In addition to the following awards, the film's music was considered for the UNESCO's Fellini medal for Outstanding Achievement in Music. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Katyar Kaljat Ghusali is the soundtrack to the 2015 Marathi film of the same name directed by Subodh Bhave based on the 1967 stage play by Purushottam Darvhekar. The film features 17 songs—which included original songs composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy (in their Marathi debut) and the recreations of original music from the play composed by Jitendra Abhisheki and written by Darvhekar. The original songs had lyrics written by Sameer Samant, Mangesh Kangane, Mandar Cholkar and Prakash Kapadia. The soundtrack was released by Zee Music Company on 16 October 2015.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Shankar Mahadevan felt it challenging on creating an original classical soundtrack, as well as retaining the flavour of the play. He did not want to tamper the sanctity of Abhisheki's music as \"it is the DNA of every Maharashtrian\" but had an opportunity to compose several genres which includes, Bandish, qawwali, bhajan and semi-classical music given his chance to widen his musical scope since the past 30 years. Ehsaan Noorani felt it as a learning experience on being influenced with classical music, who praised Mahadevan as a maestro in that genre.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Vipin Nair of Music Aloud gave 9 out of 10, saying \"First time that Shankar Ehsaan Loy get to do an all-out classical album, and they produce one of their best ever works\" and called it as a \"classy Marathi debut from the trio\". Karthik Srinivasan of Milliblog called it as a \"stunning Marathi debut by the trio, that aligns more with Shankar’s musical sensibilities.\" Preethi Kulkarni of BollywoodLife wrote \"The soulful notes of classical music will echo in your ears amidst today's commercial masala tracks\". Subhash K. Jha's analysis on Firstpost over bringing classical music back to Bollywood, described the film \"as an effective instrument of change whereby the flourishing annihilation of indigenous sounds in our cinema is stunned and reversed\". He said that the music transported the audience to \"a world of unhampered tonal ripeness\" plucked from Indian classical instruments to contemporary audience with sincerity and passion.",
"title": "Critical reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Katyar Kaljat Ghusali's success was heavily attributed to the film's classical music, as the predominant factor. Actor-director Mahesh Manjrekar also opined that \"Music is the hero of Katyar [Kaljat Ghusali]. There are many people like me who have not heard the originals sung by Hindustani classical vocalist Vasantrao Deshpande.\" Shashi Vyas, founder of the classical music event company, Pancham Nishad said that: \"In an age of multiple musical styles and platforms, it is a tedious process to get people inclined towards classical music. But I must say that KKG has broken that bottleneck [...] The centrality of this movie is music, which is pulling all kinds of music aficionados to the theatres [...] If out of one lakh people going to watch KKG, even 1,000 are converted to follow classical music, it is a good beginning.\"",
"title": "Industry response"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In addition to the following awards, the film's music was considered for the UNESCO's Fellini medal for Outstanding Achievement in Music.",
"title": "Accolades"
}
] | Katyar Kaljat Ghusali is the soundtrack to the 2015 Marathi film of the same name directed by Subodh Bhave based on the 1967 stage play by Purushottam Darvhekar. The film features 17 songs—which included original songs composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy and the recreations of original music from the play composed by Jitendra Abhisheki and written by Darvhekar. The original songs had lyrics written by Sameer Samant, Mangesh Kangane, Mandar Cholkar and Prakash Kapadia. The soundtrack was released by Zee Music Company on 16 October 2015. | 2023-12-16T08:53:09Z | 2023-12-31T10:30:57Z | [
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75,577,185 | Migration (soundtrack) | Migration (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album to the 2023 Illumination film Migration. The original score was composed by John Powell, marking his second collaboration with Illumination following The Lorax (2012). Director Benjamin Renner wanted a creative and fun score for the film. Powell heavily used string instruments and human vocals in the score and tried emulating 1960s music. He was tasked with creating a theme for the main character, Mack, that showed his growth over the course of the story. For New York City, Powell used unusual instruments to give it an alien-like atmosphere.
The album also features a cover of Destiny's Child's 2001 single "Survivor" performed by Mon Laferte, and was released for digital download and streaming on December 15, 2023, by Back Lot Music.
On June 18, 2023, it was announced that John Powell would compose Migration's score, marking his second collaboration with Illumination following The Lorax (2012). Powell and director Benjamin Renner connected over their love of classical music. Renner wanted a score that had "a level of unusual creativity" and fun. The score uses a lot of string instruments and human vocals. Powell tried emulating 1960s music, in which there were a lot of vocals, and Renner responded positively. He also felt that he may have gotten the gig after expressing his admiration of Sergei Prokofiev’s Peter and the Wolf (1936) to the director.
Powell created themes that matched the mentality of the characters in the film. Mack's theme was one of the first pieces he worked on. For the character, he was tasked with crafting a theme of a reluctant hero that evolves throughout his journey. Unlike most hero themes, Powell wrote one that "went down" and "didn’t go anywhere." Pam's theme was the opposite and "was always opening up and reaching," reflecting her character. As the journey in the film progresses, Mack's theme becomes bigger and grander, reflecting his growth, and by the time they reach Jamaica, it becomes a standard hero theme. In Peter and the Wolf, the duck is represented by an oboe. The team was heavily inspired by the piece and made reference to it in the score, particularly in portraying Mack's anxiety.
As the characters approach New York City, the score becomes more mysterious, setting the tone of an alien world. To create the chaotic and dangerous atmosphere of the city, Powell used a lot of strange noises. For the theme of Chump, the leader of a pigeon gang in the city, he used a kora. As no humans speak in the film, Powell had to create a musical voice for the human chef. Renner described the character as alien and animal, so Powell tried to capture the feeling of a predator. He said, "I just treated it as if it was sort of an action movie and there was a very dangerous animal prowling around." One of the most challenging, but biggest highlights of the production for the composer, was capturing the feeling of flight. He sought to make the audience feel the character's "elation" and the "ecstatic feeling that they get from flight." To do this, he tried to capture how he and humans in general feel about the idea of flight.
All music is composed by John Powell, except as noted | [
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75,577,206 | Ally Wilkes | Ally Wilkes is an LGBTQ English author of horror novels and short stories. She also writes under the name A. V. Wilkes. Wilkes studied law at the University of Oxford and practised as a criminal barrister for eleven years. She currently lives in Greenwich, London.
Wilkes has published two novels, All the White Spaces (2022) and Where the Dead Wait (2023), both alternate history polar exploration stories set in early twentieth-century Antarctica and the nineteenth-century Arctic respectively. She said she has always been fascinated by the early polar expeditions and "the unbeatable combination of harsh and deadly terrain, isolation, claustrophobia".
Wilkes has also published several works of short fiction and is Book Reviews Editor for the British horror website, Horrified. All the White Spaces was nominated for the 2022 Bram Stoker Award for Best First Novel. | [
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"text": "Wilkes has also published several works of short fiction and is Book Reviews Editor for the British horror website, Horrified. All the White Spaces was nominated for the 2022 Bram Stoker Award for Best First Novel.",
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] | Ally Wilkes is an LGBTQ English author of horror novels and short stories. She also writes under the name A. V. Wilkes. Wilkes studied law at the University of Oxford and practised as a criminal barrister for eleven years. She currently lives in Greenwich, London. Wilkes has published two novels, All the White Spaces (2022) and Where the Dead Wait (2023), both alternate history polar exploration stories set in early twentieth-century Antarctica and the nineteenth-century Arctic respectively. She said she has always been fascinated by the early polar expeditions and "the unbeatable combination of harsh and deadly terrain, isolation, claustrophobia". Wilkes has also published several works of short fiction and is Book Reviews Editor for the British horror website, Horrified. All the White Spaces was nominated for the 2022 Bram Stoker Award for Best First Novel. | 2023-12-16T09:08:38Z | 2023-12-28T08:52:56Z | [
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75,577,218 | Monashee Spirits | Monashee Spirits Distillery (established in 2017 ) is a craft distillery located in Revelstoke, B.C. Canada, owned by Josh
McLafferty.Monashee Spirits is known for its Ethos Gin, which won the Best in Class Gin at the Canadian Artisan Spirit Competition in 2019. The distillery has a collection of gin ,whiskey ,vodka ,tequila ,rum and cocktails.
In 2019 The Canadian Artisan Spirit of the Year award for the gin, Ethos. Monashee Distillery has been featured in Forbes as “Canada’s Best Apres Distillery”. In 2022, Monashe Spirit was listed among the top 100 best distillery by Canada’s 100best.com. | [
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] | Monashee Spirits Distillery is a craft distillery located in Revelstoke, B.C. Canada, owned by Josh McLafferty.Monashee Spirits is known for its Ethos Gin, which won the Best in Class Gin at the Canadian Artisan Spirit Competition in 2019. The distillery has a collection of gin ,whiskey ,vodka ,tequila ,rum and cocktails. | 2023-12-16T09:11:55Z | 2023-12-26T22:54:16Z | [
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75,577,223 | Quetta Mass transit train | The Quetta Mass Transit Train project is a proposed urban rail transit system for the city of Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The project aims to provide a modern, efficient, and sustainable mode of transportation to the residents of Quetta, addressing the growing need for public transport in the city.
Quetta, which has a population of about 3 million, lacks a public transport system, leading to traffic congestion, environmental pollution and high living costs.
The Quetta Mass Transit Train initiative was originally part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as decided in the 6th Joint Cooperation Committee (JCC) meeting in 2016. However, it was subsequently removed in the 7th JCC. Regardless of this change, the project received the green light from the Chief Minister of Balochistan, followed by a feasibility study.
The initiative encountered substantial setbacks and was temporarily suspended due to financial feasibility issues highlighted by a preliminary study. The government of Balochistan chose to reassess the mass transit alternatives, taking into account both railway and bus pathways.
As of April 2017, the feasibility of the project has been finalized, and the Balochistan government is considering moving ahead with the development. | [
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75,577,241 | MTV Hustle Namma Pettai | MTV Hustle Namma Pettai is an Upcoming Indian Tamil-language rap and hip-hop reality show. The show based on Hindi-language MTV Hustle. Produced by Samantha Ruth Prabhu under the banner of Tralala Moving Pictures. It is scheduled to premiere in 2024.
The rappers will judged on the basis on their writing, rapping flow and overall performance.
The show will produced by Samantha Ruth Prabhu and also revealed the maiden production under her banner of Tralala Moving Pictures, which is the Tamil version of music reality show MTV Hustle. She announced the Tamil version of the music reality show first poster 'MTV Hustle Namma Pettai' in front of popular rapper Badshah and participants, On 10 December 2023, during episode 16 of MTV Hustle season 3. | [
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"text": "The show will produced by Samantha Ruth Prabhu and also revealed the maiden production under her banner of Tralala Moving Pictures, which is the Tamil version of music reality show MTV Hustle. She announced the Tamil version of the music reality show first poster 'MTV Hustle Namma Pettai' in front of popular rapper Badshah and participants, On 10 December 2023, during episode 16 of MTV Hustle season 3.",
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] | MTV Hustle Namma Pettai is an Upcoming Indian Tamil-language rap and hip-hop reality show. The show based on Hindi-language MTV Hustle. Produced by Samantha Ruth Prabhu under the banner of Tralala Moving Pictures. It is scheduled to premiere in 2024. | 2023-12-16T09:17:58Z | 2023-12-21T03:38:27Z | [
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75,577,248 | William Pinnock (MP) | William Pinnock (by 1509–55), of Hanley Castle, Worcestershire, was an English Member of Parliament.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Warwick in 1545, during the reign of Henry VIII. | [
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] | William Pinnock, of Hanley Castle, Worcestershire, was an English Member of Parliament. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Warwick in 1545, during the reign of Henry VIII. | 2023-12-16T09:20:08Z | 2023-12-18T01:49:24Z | [
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75,577,253 | Cesare Benedetti (footballer, born November 1920) | Cesare Benedetti (28 November 1920 - 14 October 1990) was an Italian footballer. | [
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"text": "Cesare Benedetti (28 November 1920 - 14 October 1990) was an Italian footballer.",
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] | Cesare Benedetti was an Italian footballer. | 2023-12-16T09:24:02Z | 2023-12-18T00:52:15Z | [
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75,577,255 | Robert M. Toms | Robert M. Toms (October 14, 1886 - April 7, 1960) was an American jurist, actor, playwright, composer, and professor from Michigan. While on the bench in the Third Judicial Circuit, he is said to have tried about 40,000 cases. He taught Constitutional law at Wayne State University.
Robert was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He was born to Frank P. Toms and Lark (Looney Toms). Toms' grandfather was one of the pioneer settlers in Oakland County, Michigan. He attended the public school of Chicago and earned an A.B. degree from University of Chicago in 1907 and an LL.B. from the University of Michigan Law School in 1910. He was awarded an honorary degree by Wayne State University in 1956. He married Gladys B. Wetmore November 11, 1914 and had two daughters, Elinor Toms (Jones) and Margaret Toms (Cope).
in 1918 Michigan Bench & Bar Journal he was listed as members of the Detroit Bar Association, Corinthian Lodge, F. & A.M., Detroit Board of Commerce, Fellowcraft Club, Sigma Alpha Epsilon
In July 1912, he was appointed an assistant prosecutor and he served two years under Hugh Shepherd and Allan Frazer. He was appointed to replace Leopold A. Kosolnski. He left the office from 1914 to 1920 and was in private practice with the firm Schmalzriedt, Spaulding & Toms. In 1920 he was appointed to become chief assistant prosecutor under Paul W. Voorhies. He was elected Wayne County Prosecutor's Office in 1924 and served two terms as Wayne County Prosecutor. He held the office till he was elected to the Circuit bench in the spring 1929 election.
Tom tried to run for the office of Prosecuting attorney of Wayne County in 1915 it was unsuccessful. The primary election for the republican nomination was stuck in legal battles. Toms filed a motion in the circuit court to restrain/stop the election commission from counting votes of Charles H. Jasnowski, Guy A Miller and Proctor K. Owens. It was claimed that the men's names were on the ballots in violation of the law. The court of appeals stated in a unanimous decision held "if there was any error in printing the names on the ballots, the great mass of voters should not be disfranchised because they voted in good faith.
In January of 1921, as chief assistant prosecuting attorney Toms filed a petition to Governor Alex J. Groesbeck to ask for the removal of Justice George J Kolowich. It was accused that Judge Kolowich paid policemen $1 each to divert cases to his court. This was admitted to Prosecutor Paul W. Voorhies. Joseph Bahorski an investigator for the prosecutor's office found in seven cases claimed that paperwork had been lost.
In 1921, then chief assistant prosecutor sent a draft bill to the Legislature that would make any common law marriage where either party is under the age of 16. This was because on June 18, 1920 the Michigan Supreme Court held that such common law marriage were legal even when the girl was only 14-years-old.
In 1924 Toms once again ran for the office of Wany County Prosecuting attorney. He ran in a primary against 6 other men.
The Election came down to Louis W. McClear(D) and Toms(R). During the election there was questions if Tom was affiliated with the Ku Klux Klan. Tom stated "Denying that he has ever had any affiliation with the Ku Klux Klan, and saying that he has never desired to capitalize religious or racial differences for his own political purposes." Tom spent $2,361.27 for the committee to elect him, $691.27 came from people in the Prosecutor office, $66.27 came from himself. The votes were 272,327 for Toms and only 45,426 for McClear.
Toms was the first prosecutor to appoint non-white assistant prosecuting attorney. He appointed Lloyd A. Loomis who was the first African American Appointed as prosecutor staff in Wayne County Michigan.
While in office Toms car was stolen while his wife was tanking their daughter Margaret to the doctors office, this was between Woodward and John R Street. The car was found a week later near Dexter Boulevard where the police found finishing tackle that left behind by the person who took the car. His care was stolen again when he and his wife were attending the theater this was after he locked his care and removed the distributor from it.
In 1915, Toms ran as the Republican Candidate for Recorders Court. He lost the election to William F. Connolly Connoly got 20,387 votes to Toms 12,347 votes.
In the 1929 Election for Wayne County Judges there were 29 candidates for 14 judicial spots in the primary. Robert M Toms was the candidate with the 14th highest vote count. He secured 43,947 votes the candidate with 15th most votes was Judge L. Eugene Sharp with 43,011 which was just a 936-vote lead. Circuit Judge L. Eugene Sharp requested a recount. The office of Circuit Court Judge was a six-year term starting the 1st of January with a salary of $13,500.00. On March 19, 1929, Judge Eugene L Sharp conceded defeat when the recount in the primary election return ended with 43,839 for Toms and Sharp had 42,845 decreasing Toms lead only 679 votes.
In the general election Toms came in 8th place for the judgeship with a total of 101,249 votes.
Prior to taking office a story broke that out of the Record Court's under Judge Frank Murphy who want on to be a Governor of Michigan, and Supreme Court Justice that 75 Court Cases Files vanished making it impossible to prosecute charges. 64 of the 75 cases were for defendants that had been accused of violating the prohibition laws. Other cases missing were breaking and entering, malfeasance in office, bribery, soliciting personal injury claim, gimbaling laws, obstructing, uttering and publishing, embezzlement. After investigation by then clerk of court Charles W. Casgrain showed 42 missing files after finding part of them. Casgrain stated "he would find them all."
Toms who was prosecuting attorney at the times the files went missing filed a motion with the Judge John V. Brennan (judge) duplicate files of 23 of the missing files and was working on 11 other files. Yet nine files went missing again having a card in the file that bared the notation "missing."
Prosecuting Attorney James E. Chenot launched the investigation, Judge Murphy offered a statement "I told Mr. Culver that the only knowledge I have of the missing files was what I had read in the news paper." He went on to say "I told him to find out just how true the reports were and to lay the matter before me and I would start an investigation.
As Judge-elect he had a period of time to wait before he was to take office, and after leaving the office of the prosecuting attorney, he once again entered private practice of law opening a law office doing general law practice. Tom's election to office was supposed to start his term on January 1, 1930. However, the Michigan Legislature created for more judgeships in Wayne County. Governor Fred Warren Green appointed him to one of the new judicial positions in August 1929. Gov. Green stated "I have appointed Robert M. Toms, who has already been elected by the people to take office next January. It would not be fair to him to have four judges who have been appointed several months after his election become his seniors on the bench."
In April of 1946 while serving as judge his car was stolen again from the Detroit Athletic Club, his car was found in Ann Arbor two days latter after the car thief John C. Reeves crashed into a parked car.
Was the prosecutor for the Dr. Ossian Sweet & Henry Sweet trials. The case was tried before judge Frank Murphy. Dr. Sweet was a black Detroit physician who spent time studying in Vienna & Paris where he spent time working with Marie Curie. Not wanting to live in the slums in red-lined housing areas he and a friend bought homes in white neighbors but had to leave them because of white hostility.
He found a home located at 29058 Garland Avenue in one of the lower-middle-class white neighborhoods. The seller of the home was a white woman and a black husband. He thought this was would found him accepted to the neighbors. The sweet family moved in on September 8, 1925.
After they moved in, the Ku Klux Klan was very active in the area. A large crowd started to gather and turned into a mob. After a while, the mob had dispersed, and the next night a new one formed. It is unclear how many people were there, but it is suspected that it was a few hundred people. The sweets had ten other friends in the house. The mob started to grow, and people started throwing rocks and breaking windows of the home. Gunfire broke out from several windows of the house. In the ground, Leon Breiner was shot and killed. The police broke into the house and arrested all 11 occupants.
Then Toms got indictments against the 11 occupants for conspiracy to commit murder. The defendants went to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People who contracted Clarence Darrow to defendants.
One of the trial strategize of Toms that has been criticized was his uses of seventy-five witnesses to testify the absence of a crowd. Some have stated "Much of the prosecution's case consisted of the testimony of seventy-five witnesses who swore they saw no crowds near the Sweets' house on the night of 9 September. Apparently, the irony of having seventy-five witness testify to the absence of a crowd was lost on the prosecution."
An all-white jury deliberated for three days and could not reach a verdict; the judge declared a mistrial. In April 1926, Toms indicted Henry Sweet, who admitted to firing the gun. The second trial was for murders. Sweet was acquitted, and then Tom moved to dismiss the charges against all defendants.
Clarence Darrow after the trial would describe Toms in the following way "as one of the fairest and most humane prosecutors that I ever met."
President Harry S. Truman the 33rd President of the United States appointed Toms as member of the Military Tribunal established for the Trial and Punishments of Major War Criminals in Germany under Executive order 9819. He oversaw the trial of Erhard Milch and sentenced him to life in prison. He also tried several concentration camp commanders. He presided over ten trials. Three commanders were acquitted, four were sentenced to death, and were given a 10-year term.
When Judge Tom returned from his time in Germany he said the uniform defense of the German defendants was "I was ordered to do it; I was just a little man following the orders of my superiors.
While not required to give up his pay to the county while he was on leave of absence to server the Federal Government; he returned the $5,338.39 which represented the full amount of his pay less taxes for his work on the U.S. War Crimes Tribunal at Nurnberg Germany.
Toms was an active actor for many years in local plays. While assistant prosecuting attorney for Wayne County he played the party of Father Time in the play The Blue Bird (play) by Maurice Maeterlinck for three nights. He preformed with 40 children of the neighborhood of Fort Street Settlements.
He wrote the play "And Points West." It was performed at the Detroit Players Club. In 1919, his play "The Changeling" was preformed by the Players.
He wrote "I Kinda Like Ann Arbor" and other campus songs.
For his life, he was opposed to Capital Punishment. He was opposed to it on moral grounds and efficacy. "I do not believe, that the introduction of the death penalty would serve in any way as a deterrent to the men who do the killing. These crimes are not premeditated and the criminal when he draws his gun, does not stop to think whether the punishment he faces is death or a long period of imprisonment. He doesn't in fact, consider the possibility of getting caught and punished for using his gun.
His view on this was challenged when he was the presiding judge on the Nazi war crimes trials in Nuernberg. When he heard the damaging testimony against some of the "arrogant SS officers on trial before him, he complied with the death sentences of the two judges serving with him without batting an eye."
Closing Argument of Robert M. Toms in the case of People v. Henry Sweet
Closing Arguments of Clarence Darrow in the case of People v Henry Sweet
Lesson Plan for The Trial of Dr. Ossian Sweet | [
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"text": "Robert was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He was born to Frank P. Toms and Lark (Looney Toms). Toms' grandfather was one of the pioneer settlers in Oakland County, Michigan. He attended the public school of Chicago and earned an A.B. degree from University of Chicago in 1907 and an LL.B. from the University of Michigan Law School in 1910. He was awarded an honorary degree by Wayne State University in 1956. He married Gladys B. Wetmore November 11, 1914 and had two daughters, Elinor Toms (Jones) and Margaret Toms (Cope).",
"title": "Early life and Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "in 1918 Michigan Bench & Bar Journal he was listed as members of the Detroit Bar Association, Corinthian Lodge, F. & A.M., Detroit Board of Commerce, Fellowcraft Club, Sigma Alpha Epsilon",
"title": "Early life and Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In July 1912, he was appointed an assistant prosecutor and he served two years under Hugh Shepherd and Allan Frazer. He was appointed to replace Leopold A. Kosolnski. He left the office from 1914 to 1920 and was in private practice with the firm Schmalzriedt, Spaulding & Toms. In 1920 he was appointed to become chief assistant prosecutor under Paul W. Voorhies. He was elected Wayne County Prosecutor's Office in 1924 and served two terms as Wayne County Prosecutor. He held the office till he was elected to the Circuit bench in the spring 1929 election.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Tom tried to run for the office of Prosecuting attorney of Wayne County in 1915 it was unsuccessful. The primary election for the republican nomination was stuck in legal battles. Toms filed a motion in the circuit court to restrain/stop the election commission from counting votes of Charles H. Jasnowski, Guy A Miller and Proctor K. Owens. It was claimed that the men's names were on the ballots in violation of the law. The court of appeals stated in a unanimous decision held \"if there was any error in printing the names on the ballots, the great mass of voters should not be disfranchised because they voted in good faith.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In January of 1921, as chief assistant prosecuting attorney Toms filed a petition to Governor Alex J. Groesbeck to ask for the removal of Justice George J Kolowich. It was accused that Judge Kolowich paid policemen $1 each to divert cases to his court. This was admitted to Prosecutor Paul W. Voorhies. Joseph Bahorski an investigator for the prosecutor's office found in seven cases claimed that paperwork had been lost.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 1921, then chief assistant prosecutor sent a draft bill to the Legislature that would make any common law marriage where either party is under the age of 16. This was because on June 18, 1920 the Michigan Supreme Court held that such common law marriage were legal even when the girl was only 14-years-old.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 1924 Toms once again ran for the office of Wany County Prosecuting attorney. He ran in a primary against 6 other men.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The Election came down to Louis W. McClear(D) and Toms(R). During the election there was questions if Tom was affiliated with the Ku Klux Klan. Tom stated \"Denying that he has ever had any affiliation with the Ku Klux Klan, and saying that he has never desired to capitalize religious or racial differences for his own political purposes.\" Tom spent $2,361.27 for the committee to elect him, $691.27 came from people in the Prosecutor office, $66.27 came from himself. The votes were 272,327 for Toms and only 45,426 for McClear.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Toms was the first prosecutor to appoint non-white assistant prosecuting attorney. He appointed Lloyd A. Loomis who was the first African American Appointed as prosecutor staff in Wayne County Michigan.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "While in office Toms car was stolen while his wife was tanking their daughter Margaret to the doctors office, this was between Woodward and John R Street. The car was found a week later near Dexter Boulevard where the police found finishing tackle that left behind by the person who took the car. His care was stolen again when he and his wife were attending the theater this was after he locked his care and removed the distributor from it.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In 1915, Toms ran as the Republican Candidate for Recorders Court. He lost the election to William F. Connolly Connoly got 20,387 votes to Toms 12,347 votes.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In the 1929 Election for Wayne County Judges there were 29 candidates for 14 judicial spots in the primary. Robert M Toms was the candidate with the 14th highest vote count. He secured 43,947 votes the candidate with 15th most votes was Judge L. Eugene Sharp with 43,011 which was just a 936-vote lead. Circuit Judge L. Eugene Sharp requested a recount. The office of Circuit Court Judge was a six-year term starting the 1st of January with a salary of $13,500.00. On March 19, 1929, Judge Eugene L Sharp conceded defeat when the recount in the primary election return ended with 43,839 for Toms and Sharp had 42,845 decreasing Toms lead only 679 votes.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "In the general election Toms came in 8th place for the judgeship with a total of 101,249 votes.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Prior to taking office a story broke that out of the Record Court's under Judge Frank Murphy who want on to be a Governor of Michigan, and Supreme Court Justice that 75 Court Cases Files vanished making it impossible to prosecute charges. 64 of the 75 cases were for defendants that had been accused of violating the prohibition laws. Other cases missing were breaking and entering, malfeasance in office, bribery, soliciting personal injury claim, gimbaling laws, obstructing, uttering and publishing, embezzlement. After investigation by then clerk of court Charles W. Casgrain showed 42 missing files after finding part of them. Casgrain stated \"he would find them all.\"",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Toms who was prosecuting attorney at the times the files went missing filed a motion with the Judge John V. Brennan (judge) duplicate files of 23 of the missing files and was working on 11 other files. Yet nine files went missing again having a card in the file that bared the notation \"missing.\"",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Prosecuting Attorney James E. Chenot launched the investigation, Judge Murphy offered a statement \"I told Mr. Culver that the only knowledge I have of the missing files was what I had read in the news paper.\" He went on to say \"I told him to find out just how true the reports were and to lay the matter before me and I would start an investigation.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "As Judge-elect he had a period of time to wait before he was to take office, and after leaving the office of the prosecuting attorney, he once again entered private practice of law opening a law office doing general law practice. Tom's election to office was supposed to start his term on January 1, 1930. However, the Michigan Legislature created for more judgeships in Wayne County. Governor Fred Warren Green appointed him to one of the new judicial positions in August 1929. Gov. Green stated \"I have appointed Robert M. Toms, who has already been elected by the people to take office next January. It would not be fair to him to have four judges who have been appointed several months after his election become his seniors on the bench.\"",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "In April of 1946 while serving as judge his car was stolen again from the Detroit Athletic Club, his car was found in Ann Arbor two days latter after the car thief John C. Reeves crashed into a parked car.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Was the prosecutor for the Dr. Ossian Sweet & Henry Sweet trials. The case was tried before judge Frank Murphy. Dr. Sweet was a black Detroit physician who spent time studying in Vienna & Paris where he spent time working with Marie Curie. Not wanting to live in the slums in red-lined housing areas he and a friend bought homes in white neighbors but had to leave them because of white hostility.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "He found a home located at 29058 Garland Avenue in one of the lower-middle-class white neighborhoods. The seller of the home was a white woman and a black husband. He thought this was would found him accepted to the neighbors. The sweet family moved in on September 8, 1925.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "After they moved in, the Ku Klux Klan was very active in the area. A large crowd started to gather and turned into a mob. After a while, the mob had dispersed, and the next night a new one formed. It is unclear how many people were there, but it is suspected that it was a few hundred people. The sweets had ten other friends in the house. The mob started to grow, and people started throwing rocks and breaking windows of the home. Gunfire broke out from several windows of the house. In the ground, Leon Breiner was shot and killed. The police broke into the house and arrested all 11 occupants.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Then Toms got indictments against the 11 occupants for conspiracy to commit murder. The defendants went to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People who contracted Clarence Darrow to defendants.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "One of the trial strategize of Toms that has been criticized was his uses of seventy-five witnesses to testify the absence of a crowd. Some have stated \"Much of the prosecution's case consisted of the testimony of seventy-five witnesses who swore they saw no crowds near the Sweets' house on the night of 9 September. Apparently, the irony of having seventy-five witness testify to the absence of a crowd was lost on the prosecution.\"",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "An all-white jury deliberated for three days and could not reach a verdict; the judge declared a mistrial. In April 1926, Toms indicted Henry Sweet, who admitted to firing the gun. The second trial was for murders. Sweet was acquitted, and then Tom moved to dismiss the charges against all defendants.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "Clarence Darrow after the trial would describe Toms in the following way \"as one of the fairest and most humane prosecutors that I ever met.\"",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "President Harry S. Truman the 33rd President of the United States appointed Toms as member of the Military Tribunal established for the Trial and Punishments of Major War Criminals in Germany under Executive order 9819. He oversaw the trial of Erhard Milch and sentenced him to life in prison. He also tried several concentration camp commanders. He presided over ten trials. Three commanders were acquitted, four were sentenced to death, and were given a 10-year term.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "When Judge Tom returned from his time in Germany he said the uniform defense of the German defendants was \"I was ordered to do it; I was just a little man following the orders of my superiors.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "While not required to give up his pay to the county while he was on leave of absence to server the Federal Government; he returned the $5,338.39 which represented the full amount of his pay less taxes for his work on the U.S. War Crimes Tribunal at Nurnberg Germany.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "Toms was an active actor for many years in local plays. While assistant prosecuting attorney for Wayne County he played the party of Father Time in the play The Blue Bird (play) by Maurice Maeterlinck for three nights. He preformed with 40 children of the neighborhood of Fort Street Settlements.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "He wrote the play \"And Points West.\" It was performed at the Detroit Players Club. In 1919, his play \"The Changeling\" was preformed by the Players.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "He wrote \"I Kinda Like Ann Arbor\" and other campus songs.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "For his life, he was opposed to Capital Punishment. He was opposed to it on moral grounds and efficacy. \"I do not believe, that the introduction of the death penalty would serve in any way as a deterrent to the men who do the killing. These crimes are not premeditated and the criminal when he draws his gun, does not stop to think whether the punishment he faces is death or a long period of imprisonment. He doesn't in fact, consider the possibility of getting caught and punished for using his gun.",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "His view on this was challenged when he was the presiding judge on the Nazi war crimes trials in Nuernberg. When he heard the damaging testimony against some of the \"arrogant SS officers on trial before him, he complied with the death sentences of the two judges serving with him without batting an eye.\"",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "Closing Argument of Robert M. Toms in the case of People v. Henry Sweet",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "Closing Arguments of Clarence Darrow in the case of People v Henry Sweet",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "Lesson Plan for The Trial of Dr. Ossian Sweet",
"title": "Wayne County Prosecutors office"
}
] | Robert M. Toms was an American jurist, actor, playwright, composer, and professor from Michigan. While on the bench in the Third Judicial Circuit, he is said to have tried about 40,000 cases. He taught Constitutional law at Wayne State University. | 2023-12-16T09:25:52Z | 2023-12-29T20:47:51Z | [
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75,577,273 | Federal Office for Spatial Development | The Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE) (German: Bundesamt für Raumentwicklung; French: Office fédéral du développement territorial; Italian: Ufficio federale dello sviluppo territoriale) is a Swiss federal office. Its acronym, ARE, is used in all languages and derives from the office's German name.
Created on June 1, 2000, the office is responsible for spatial planning, transport coordination and sustainable development. It also manages issues relating to the Alpine Convention. It reports to the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications, and is based in Ittigen.
In 1972, the Federal Council created the post of Delegate for Spatial Planning. In 1980, the Federal Office for Land Use Planning (German: Bundesamt für Raumplanung; French: Office fédéral de l'aménagement du territoire) was created.
The Federal Office for Spatial Development came into being on June 1, 2000, bringing together under one roof the tasks of the Federal Office for Land Use Planning, and the services for Transport Planning, Sustainable Development and the Alpine Convention.
46°58′25″N 7°28′48″E / 46.97361°N 7.48000°E / 46.97361; 7.48000 | [
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"text": "The Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE) (German: Bundesamt für Raumentwicklung; French: Office fédéral du développement territorial; Italian: Ufficio federale dello sviluppo territoriale) is a Swiss federal office. Its acronym, ARE, is used in all languages and derives from the office's German name.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Created on June 1, 2000, the office is responsible for spatial planning, transport coordination and sustainable development. It also manages issues relating to the Alpine Convention. It reports to the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications, and is based in Ittigen.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "In 1972, the Federal Council created the post of Delegate for Spatial Planning. In 1980, the Federal Office for Land Use Planning (German: Bundesamt für Raumplanung; French: Office fédéral de l'aménagement du territoire) was created.",
"title": "History"
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{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Federal Office for Spatial Development came into being on June 1, 2000, bringing together under one roof the tasks of the Federal Office for Land Use Planning, and the services for Transport Planning, Sustainable Development and the Alpine Convention.",
"title": "History"
},
{
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"text": "46°58′25″N 7°28′48″E / 46.97361°N 7.48000°E / 46.97361; 7.48000",
"title": "External links"
}
] | The Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE) is a Swiss federal office. Its acronym, ARE, is used in all languages and derives from the office's German name. Created on June 1, 2000, the office is responsible for spatial planning, transport coordination and sustainable development. It also manages issues relating to the Alpine Convention. It reports to the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications, and is based in Ittigen. | 2023-12-16T09:33:55Z | 2023-12-16T09:35:29Z | [
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75,577,275 | In Cold Blood (South Korean TV series) | In Cold Blood (Korean: 피도 눈물도 없이) is an upcoming South Korean television series starring Lee So-yeon, Ha Yeon-joo, Oh Chang-seok, Jang Se-hyun [ko], Park Shin-woo [ko], and Jung Chan. It is scheduled to premiere on KBS2 in January 22, 2024, and will air every Monday to Friday at 19:50 (KST) time slot.
In Cold Blood tells the tragic story of Lee Hye-won (Lee So-yeon) and Lee Hye-ji (Ha Yeon-joo), whom were separated when they were young due to their parents' divorce. 20 years later, they met each other leading to a tangled and evil relationship. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "In Cold Blood (Korean: 피도 눈물도 없이) is an upcoming South Korean television series starring Lee So-yeon, Ha Yeon-joo, Oh Chang-seok, Jang Se-hyun [ko], Park Shin-woo [ko], and Jung Chan. It is scheduled to premiere on KBS2 in January 22, 2024, and will air every Monday to Friday at 19:50 (KST) time slot.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In Cold Blood tells the tragic story of Lee Hye-won (Lee So-yeon) and Lee Hye-ji (Ha Yeon-joo), whom were separated when they were young due to their parents' divorce. 20 years later, they met each other leading to a tangled and evil relationship.",
"title": "Synopsis"
}
] | In Cold Blood is an upcoming South Korean television series starring Lee So-yeon, Ha Yeon-joo, Oh Chang-seok, Jang Se-hyun, Park Shin-woo, and Jung Chan. It is scheduled to premiere on KBS2 in January 22, 2024, and will air every Monday to Friday at 19:50 (KST) time slot. | 2023-12-16T09:35:17Z | 2023-12-29T06:49:27Z | [
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75,577,285 | Just Energy Transition Partnership | JETP redirects here - it may also refer to the Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics
A Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) is a financing cooperation mechanism to help a heavily coal-dependent emerging economy make a just energy transition away from coal.
The Indonesia Just Energy Transition Partnership is a 20 billion dollar agreement to decarbonise Indonesia's coal-powered economy, launched on 15 November 2022 at the G20 summit. This Just Energy Transition Partnership comes after the first such agreement, the South Africa JET-IP was announced in 2021 as a partnership with Germany, France, the UK and US. The agreement with Indonesia involves all G7 countries as partners, including Canada, Italy and Japan. It also includes Denmark and Norway. The JETP aims to develop a comprehensive investment plan (the JETP Investment and Policy Plan) to achieve Indonesia's decarbonisation goals.
Under the JETP, Indonesia aims to reach net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases from electricity production by 2050, bringing forward its target by a decade, and reach a peak in those emissions by 2030. According to two think tanks, the $20bn allocated under the programme are insufficient for these goals.
This was announced in 2023.
The South Africa Just Energy Transition Investment Plan (JET-IP) is a $8.5bn deal to help South Africa (ZA) decarbonise its economy, struck at COP26 in 2021. This Just Energy Transition Partnership is a cooperation between the governments of ZA, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union. It aims to help South Africa achieve the goals set out in its nationally determined contribution to the Paris Agreement, and prevent emissions of 1 to 1.5 gigatonnes of greenhouse gas emissions. The South African JETP was a model for a subsequent similar agreement on coal power in Indonesia, known as the Indonesia Just Energy Transition Partnership.
Alongside the main JETP, there are two other international agreements to accelerate the retirement of coal power plants in South Africa. The others are:
This was announced in 2022. | [
{
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"text": "JETP redirects here - it may also refer to the Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics",
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"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "A Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) is a financing cooperation mechanism to help a heavily coal-dependent emerging economy make a just energy transition away from coal.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Indonesia Just Energy Transition Partnership is a 20 billion dollar agreement to decarbonise Indonesia's coal-powered economy, launched on 15 November 2022 at the G20 summit. This Just Energy Transition Partnership comes after the first such agreement, the South Africa JET-IP was announced in 2021 as a partnership with Germany, France, the UK and US. The agreement with Indonesia involves all G7 countries as partners, including Canada, Italy and Japan. It also includes Denmark and Norway. The JETP aims to develop a comprehensive investment plan (the JETP Investment and Policy Plan) to achieve Indonesia's decarbonisation goals.",
"title": "Countries"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Under the JETP, Indonesia aims to reach net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases from electricity production by 2050, bringing forward its target by a decade, and reach a peak in those emissions by 2030. According to two think tanks, the $20bn allocated under the programme are insufficient for these goals.",
"title": "Countries"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "This was announced in 2023.",
"title": "Countries"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The South Africa Just Energy Transition Investment Plan (JET-IP) is a $8.5bn deal to help South Africa (ZA) decarbonise its economy, struck at COP26 in 2021. This Just Energy Transition Partnership is a cooperation between the governments of ZA, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union. It aims to help South Africa achieve the goals set out in its nationally determined contribution to the Paris Agreement, and prevent emissions of 1 to 1.5 gigatonnes of greenhouse gas emissions. The South African JETP was a model for a subsequent similar agreement on coal power in Indonesia, known as the Indonesia Just Energy Transition Partnership.",
"title": "Countries"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Alongside the main JETP, there are two other international agreements to accelerate the retirement of coal power plants in South Africa. The others are:",
"title": "Countries"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "This was announced in 2022.",
"title": "Countries"
}
] | JETP redirects here - it may also refer to the Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics A Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) is a financing cooperation mechanism to help a heavily coal-dependent emerging economy make a just energy transition away from coal. | 2023-12-16T09:40:11Z | 2023-12-20T22:05:46Z | [
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75,577,292 | Julian Godlewski | Julian August ″Jul″ Godlewski, (17 August 1903 – 4 February 1983) was a Polish lawyer, patron of the Polish arts, philanthropist, and Polish diaspora activist.
He was born in a well-known Lviv family of Włodzimierz Godlewski – a president of the Bar Association in Lviv, and Anna Helena Georgina née Zahariewicz (1873–1966). His maternal grandfather, Julian Zachariewicz, was an architect, professor and rector of Lviv Polytechnic University.
In 1920, he took part in the Polish-Bolsheviks War. In 1921, he obtained a certificate from the local Adam Mickiewicz Higher and Real Junior High School and then, continuing the family tradition, he graduated from the Faculty of Law at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv. He later obtained a Doctor of Law degree. Before World War II, he was a referendary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
During the war, he was a second lieutenant of the Polish Armed Forces, in the ranks of the 1st Armored Division, commanded by General Stanisław Maczek. In 1944, he was badly wounded in the Battle of Falaise. On 1 January 1946, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in the cavalry officer corps.
After the war, he remained abroad. During his stay in the United States, he was for a short period the adjutant and translator of General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski. Then, he stayed in Argentina, where he obtained citizenship, and returned to Europe soon after. For a long time, he held a high position on the management board of the Thyssen steel company, being a family friend as well. He resided in Lugano, Switzerland, renting an apartment in the ″Splendide Royal″ hotel for almost thirty years He was a member of the Lviv Citizens' Circle in London, England.
From 1962, he regularly came to Poland with annual, several-week visits. Shortly before his death, he returned to Poland and settled in Warsaw. He was buried there at the Powązki Military Cemetery.
From the 1950s, he supported the Polish Museum in Rapperswil, Switzerland, for several decades, becoming its main sponsor over the years. The Museum's collection of paintings was created largely due to the donated major works of art from his own collection.
He was also a great benefactor of the Wawel Royal Castle in Kraków. Between 1962 and 1977, he purchased several precious items such as the historical portraits of Poland's kings, the Casimir III the Great chalice and the XVIth century tapestry. In recognition of his services to Wawel, a commemorative plaque with his name was placed on one of the castle walls.Furthermore, the Senate of the Jagiellonian University awarded him an honorary doctorate in May 1981.
For many years, he donated the Society for the Care of the Blind in Laski, the Faculty of Philosophy at the Salesian Theological Seminary, functioning at that time in Czerwińsk, and the Polish Alpinism Association. He contributed to the success of several Polish famous Himalayan expeditions in the 1970s and 1980s, incl. the first winter ascent of Mount Everest in 1979/1980. He also provided financial support to building up the Children's Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw and gave many grants to private persons.
To honor his mother's 90th birth anniversary, he founded the Anna Godlewska Literary Award. The laureates were Polish artists working in Poland or on the west side of the Iron Curtain. It was awarded from 1963 to 1973. | [
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"text": "He was born in a well-known Lviv family of Włodzimierz Godlewski – a president of the Bar Association in Lviv, and Anna Helena Georgina née Zahariewicz (1873–1966). His maternal grandfather, Julian Zachariewicz, was an architect, professor and rector of Lviv Polytechnic University.",
"title": "Biography"
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"text": "In 1920, he took part in the Polish-Bolsheviks War. In 1921, he obtained a certificate from the local Adam Mickiewicz Higher and Real Junior High School and then, continuing the family tradition, he graduated from the Faculty of Law at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv. He later obtained a Doctor of Law degree. Before World War II, he was a referendary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.",
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{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "After the war, he remained abroad. During his stay in the United States, he was for a short period the adjutant and translator of General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski. Then, he stayed in Argentina, where he obtained citizenship, and returned to Europe soon after. For a long time, he held a high position on the management board of the Thyssen steel company, being a family friend as well. He resided in Lugano, Switzerland, renting an apartment in the ″Splendide Royal″ hotel for almost thirty years He was a member of the Lviv Citizens' Circle in London, England.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "From 1962, he regularly came to Poland with annual, several-week visits. Shortly before his death, he returned to Poland and settled in Warsaw. He was buried there at the Powązki Military Cemetery.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "From the 1950s, he supported the Polish Museum in Rapperswil, Switzerland, for several decades, becoming its main sponsor over the years. The Museum's collection of paintings was created largely due to the donated major works of art from his own collection.",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "He was also a great benefactor of the Wawel Royal Castle in Kraków. Between 1962 and 1977, he purchased several precious items such as the historical portraits of Poland's kings, the Casimir III the Great chalice and the XVIth century tapestry. In recognition of his services to Wawel, a commemorative plaque with his name was placed on one of the castle walls.Furthermore, the Senate of the Jagiellonian University awarded him an honorary doctorate in May 1981.",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "For many years, he donated the Society for the Care of the Blind in Laski, the Faculty of Philosophy at the Salesian Theological Seminary, functioning at that time in Czerwińsk, and the Polish Alpinism Association. He contributed to the success of several Polish famous Himalayan expeditions in the 1970s and 1980s, incl. the first winter ascent of Mount Everest in 1979/1980. He also provided financial support to building up the Children's Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw and gave many grants to private persons.",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "To honor his mother's 90th birth anniversary, he founded the Anna Godlewska Literary Award. The laureates were Polish artists working in Poland or on the west side of the Iron Curtain. It was awarded from 1963 to 1973.",
"title": "Philanthropy"
}
] | Julian August ″Jul″ Godlewski, was a Polish lawyer, patron of the Polish arts, philanthropist, and Polish diaspora activist. | 2023-12-16T09:43:22Z | 2023-12-18T12:14:38Z | [
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75,577,314 | Firefighters Reserve | Firefighters Reserve is a memorial in Christchurch, New Zealand for the first responders during the September 11 attacks on the United States in 2001. The reserve contains the A Tribute to Firefighters monument which has steel girders which were originally in the Twin Towers. First responders gather around the monument every year on the attacks' anniversary.
After the September 11 attacks, New York City gifted Christchurch steel girders which were originally in the Twin Towers. This was used in the monument A Tribute to Firefighters when it was opened on 26 October 2002 in Christchurch. It was created by Graham Bennett. In order to repair two bridges, the structure was moved in September 2014 to land owned by the Oxford Terrace Baptist Church. It was moved back in February 2015. In April 2015 the steel structure was vandalised with red spray paint. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Firefighters Reserve is a memorial in Christchurch, New Zealand for the first responders during the September 11 attacks on the United States in 2001. The reserve contains the A Tribute to Firefighters monument which has steel girders which were originally in the Twin Towers. First responders gather around the monument every year on the attacks' anniversary.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "After the September 11 attacks, New York City gifted Christchurch steel girders which were originally in the Twin Towers. This was used in the monument A Tribute to Firefighters when it was opened on 26 October 2002 in Christchurch. It was created by Graham Bennett. In order to repair two bridges, the structure was moved in September 2014 to land owned by the Oxford Terrace Baptist Church. It was moved back in February 2015. In April 2015 the steel structure was vandalised with red spray paint.",
"title": "History"
}
] | Firefighters Reserve is a memorial in Christchurch, New Zealand for the first responders during the September 11 attacks on the United States in 2001. The reserve contains the A Tribute to Firefighters monument which has steel girders which were originally in the Twin Towers. First responders gather around the monument every year on the attacks' anniversary. | 2023-12-16T09:46:48Z | 2023-12-18T00:20:37Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefighters_Reserve |
75,577,328 | Anna Catharina | Anna Catharina was an 18th-century East Indiaman or "mirror return ship" (Dutch: spiegelretourschip) of the Dutch East India Company.
During her third voyage to Batavia, she wrecked at the Scheldt estuary, Dutch Republic, on 3 February 1735. All 175 people on board drowned.
Anna Catharina was built in 1728 in Middelburg for the Chamber of Zeeland. She was 130 feet long and had a loading capacity of 600 tons. She was a wooden full-rigged ship ship with 3 masts.
After two voyages to Batavia, in January 1736 she went for her third voyage to Batavia under command of Jacob de Prinse with 175 soldiers and passengers. The ship was heavily loaded. She was accompanied by her bigger sister ship 't Vliegend Hert commanded by captain Cornelis van der Horst. The ships transported a cargo of wood, building materials, iron, gunpowder and wine, as well as several chests with gold and silver coins.
Due to the bad weather the ships waited at Fort Rammekens [nl]. On 3 February 1735 at around noon the ships continued their journey, accompanied by the Mercurius with a maritime pilot onboard, to guide them through the North Sea and the Channel. Due to the strong easterly wind, the water level was lower than expected. The wind caused that the ships reached the shallowest part too early. Around 6pm both ships stranded in the Scheldt estuary on the sandbanks around Duerloo Channel. Anna Catharina sank with all hands within two hours. 't Vliegend Hert wrecked several kilometers further away.
Both ships had fired emergency shots. Mercurius was only half a mile behind them, but the boat could not get closer to the ships and save the crew due to the high seas.
Shortly after the disaster the Chamber of Zeeland informed the other Chambers and took measures to prevent that cargo would be stolen. As four English ships were observed fishing for the wrecks, a vessel was used to prevent other ships from diving to the wrecks.
The VOC sent an accountant to the site of the stranding to claim the goods and to ask help from the beach finders. The government supported the VOC with a beachcomber. In the days after the disaster, barrels with jenever, beer and oil washed ashore on the beaches of Blankenberge and Nieuwpoort. Parts of the wrecks washed ashore or were fished up, and were subsequently brought to the beachcombers in accordance with regulations. For example, the accountant received goods from various fishermen and it was registered where it was found. A map was subsequently created by the mapmaker of the Chamber of Zeeland Abraham Anias [nl] (1694-1750) with the locations of the wrecks and information about the sea depth of the the area.
The skipper of Mercurius blamed the maritime pilot. Also the crew members of Mercurius shared this opinion and showed dissatisfaction with the policy of the maritime pilot. Ultimately, after the investigation the maritime pilot was fired.
The investigation continued over the years. The important question was if people of the Mercurius could and/or should have attempted to rescue the people. The investigation continued until 56 years after the disaster, but the conclusion remained the same: it was impossible. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Anna Catharina was an 18th-century East Indiaman or \"mirror return ship\" (Dutch: spiegelretourschip) of the Dutch East India Company.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "During her third voyage to Batavia, she wrecked at the Scheldt estuary, Dutch Republic, on 3 February 1735. All 175 people on board drowned.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Anna Catharina was built in 1728 in Middelburg for the Chamber of Zeeland. She was 130 feet long and had a loading capacity of 600 tons. She was a wooden full-rigged ship ship with 3 masts.",
"title": "Ship details"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After two voyages to Batavia, in January 1736 she went for her third voyage to Batavia under command of Jacob de Prinse with 175 soldiers and passengers. The ship was heavily loaded. She was accompanied by her bigger sister ship 't Vliegend Hert commanded by captain Cornelis van der Horst. The ships transported a cargo of wood, building materials, iron, gunpowder and wine, as well as several chests with gold and silver coins.",
"title": "History and fate"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Due to the bad weather the ships waited at Fort Rammekens [nl]. On 3 February 1735 at around noon the ships continued their journey, accompanied by the Mercurius with a maritime pilot onboard, to guide them through the North Sea and the Channel. Due to the strong easterly wind, the water level was lower than expected. The wind caused that the ships reached the shallowest part too early. Around 6pm both ships stranded in the Scheldt estuary on the sandbanks around Duerloo Channel. Anna Catharina sank with all hands within two hours. 't Vliegend Hert wrecked several kilometers further away.",
"title": "History and fate"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Both ships had fired emergency shots. Mercurius was only half a mile behind them, but the boat could not get closer to the ships and save the crew due to the high seas.",
"title": "History and fate"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Shortly after the disaster the Chamber of Zeeland informed the other Chambers and took measures to prevent that cargo would be stolen. As four English ships were observed fishing for the wrecks, a vessel was used to prevent other ships from diving to the wrecks.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The VOC sent an accountant to the site of the stranding to claim the goods and to ask help from the beach finders. The government supported the VOC with a beachcomber. In the days after the disaster, barrels with jenever, beer and oil washed ashore on the beaches of Blankenberge and Nieuwpoort. Parts of the wrecks washed ashore or were fished up, and were subsequently brought to the beachcombers in accordance with regulations. For example, the accountant received goods from various fishermen and it was registered where it was found. A map was subsequently created by the mapmaker of the Chamber of Zeeland Abraham Anias [nl] (1694-1750) with the locations of the wrecks and information about the sea depth of the the area.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The skipper of Mercurius blamed the maritime pilot. Also the crew members of Mercurius shared this opinion and showed dissatisfaction with the policy of the maritime pilot. Ultimately, after the investigation the maritime pilot was fired.",
"title": "Investigation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The investigation continued over the years. The important question was if people of the Mercurius could and/or should have attempted to rescue the people. The investigation continued until 56 years after the disaster, but the conclusion remained the same: it was impossible.",
"title": "Investigation"
}
] | Anna Catharina was an 18th-century East Indiaman or "mirror return ship" of the Dutch East India Company. During her third voyage to Batavia, she wrecked at the Scheldt estuary, Dutch Republic, on 3 February 1735. All 175 people on board drowned. | 2023-12-16T09:49:49Z | 2023-12-23T23:22:54Z | [
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75,577,339 | Nicolás Infante Diaz | Nicolás del Carmen Infante Diaz (Palenque, September 4, 1847 - January 1, 1885) was an Ecuadorian liberal and revolutionary.
His parents were Mr. Nicolás Infante Bustamante, Guayaquileño and Doña María de la Trinidad Díaz, Portovejense. He had not turned 10 years old when his mother died, he chose to move to Guayaquil, leaving the agricultural properties.
In the year 1876, Nicolás Infante Díaz participated in a coup d'état in Guayaquil and was proclaimed "Supreme Chief of the Radical Liberal Party" by General Eloy Alfaro. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Nicolás del Carmen Infante Diaz (Palenque, September 4, 1847 - January 1, 1885) was an Ecuadorian liberal and revolutionary.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "His parents were Mr. Nicolás Infante Bustamante, Guayaquileño and Doña María de la Trinidad Díaz, Portovejense. He had not turned 10 years old when his mother died, he chose to move to Guayaquil, leaving the agricultural properties.",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In the year 1876, Nicolás Infante Díaz participated in a coup d'état in Guayaquil and was proclaimed \"Supreme Chief of the Radical Liberal Party\" by General Eloy Alfaro.",
"title": "Activities"
}
] | Nicolás del Carmen Infante Diaz was an Ecuadorian liberal and revolutionary. | 2023-12-16T09:53:32Z | 2023-12-17T01:23:11Z | [
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Infante_Diaz |
75,577,342 | Palazzo Maccarani Stati | The Palazzo Maccarani Stati is a medieval palace located in Rome in Sant'Eustachio. The palace was designed by Giulio Romano; this is his last work. The name of the palace has two surnames. Stati is the surname of the initial owners of the structure. The building was a private palace of the wealthy Stati family that later went bankrupt. In 1786, the palazzo passed to the Maccarani family, related to the initial owners.
According to what Giorgio Vasari claims in his Vite, in 1521, the curator of Rome Cristoforo Stati (1498–1550), belonging to the ancient Roman line of the Statis of Tomarozzi, with money from the dowry of his wife Faustina Cenci, entrusted the renovation of some family properties in today's Piazza San Eustachio to his architect and painter Giulio Romano. The latter was inspired by the structure, although simplified, of Palazzo Caprini by Donato Bramante. The palace formerly known as Palazzo Stati Cenci, today as Palazzo Maccarani Stati, is one of the Romano's rare projects.
The facade on Piazza S. Eustachio has an ashlar ground floor featuring four garage doors and a portal with two rusticated pilasters that support the triangular tympanum; above is the mezzanine floor with four simple rectangular windows. The windows are extended horizontally.
The first noble floor facade features five alternating arched and triangular large windows and numerous paired pilasters. The second noble floor has five smaller arched windows.
The building surrounds an interior courtyard.
. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Palazzo Maccarani Stati is a medieval palace located in Rome in Sant'Eustachio. The palace was designed by Giulio Romano; this is his last work. The name of the palace has two surnames. Stati is the surname of the initial owners of the structure. The building was a private palace of the wealthy Stati family that later went bankrupt. In 1786, the palazzo passed to the Maccarani family, related to the initial owners.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "According to what Giorgio Vasari claims in his Vite, in 1521, the curator of Rome Cristoforo Stati (1498–1550), belonging to the ancient Roman line of the Statis of Tomarozzi, with money from the dowry of his wife Faustina Cenci, entrusted the renovation of some family properties in today's Piazza San Eustachio to his architect and painter Giulio Romano. The latter was inspired by the structure, although simplified, of Palazzo Caprini by Donato Bramante. The palace formerly known as Palazzo Stati Cenci, today as Palazzo Maccarani Stati, is one of the Romano's rare projects.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The facade on Piazza S. Eustachio has an ashlar ground floor featuring four garage doors and a portal with two rusticated pilasters that support the triangular tympanum; above is the mezzanine floor with four simple rectangular windows. The windows are extended horizontally.",
"title": "Architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The first noble floor facade features five alternating arched and triangular large windows and numerous paired pilasters. The second noble floor has five smaller arched windows.",
"title": "Architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The building surrounds an interior courtyard.",
"title": "Architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": ".",
"title": "References"
}
] | The Palazzo Maccarani Stati is a medieval palace located in Rome in Sant'Eustachio. The palace was designed by Giulio Romano; this is his last work. The name of the palace has two surnames. Stati is the surname of the initial owners of the structure. The building was a private palace of the wealthy Stati family that later went bankrupt. In 1786, the palazzo passed to the Maccarani family, related to the initial owners. | 2023-12-16T09:54:56Z | 2023-12-21T16:36:56Z | [
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75,577,347 | Auckland Hebrew Congregation | Auckland Hebrew Congregation is a Modern Orthodox synagogue in Remuera, a suburb of Auckland. The congregation previously occupied University House (Prince's Street Synagogue) from 1885, before relocating to a larger building on Greys Avenue in 1968. The congregation moved again in 2022, having purchased the campus of Saint Kentigern Girls' School in Remuera. The synagogue serves around 500 local families.
The original synagogue building on Princes's Street was designed and built by Edward Bartley in 1884–1885 in a Romanesque style, incorporating Gothic and Moorish design elements. The foundation stone was laid by David Nathan (1816–1886), an early Jewish settler and founder of the L.D. Nathan chain of stores, and the synagogue opened on 9 November 1885. The building could seat 375 people. It was built on the site of an earlier military guardhouse associated with Albert Barracks. The construction of the synagogue was a statement by the Jewish community in Auckland of not only status, but of their acceptance in the local community. The building has a Category I listing with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust.
In 1968, the congregation moved to a new synagogue on Greys Avenue. Ownership of the property reverted to Auckland City Council as part of the Albert Park Reserve following the deconsecration. It has since served as a branch of the National Bank of New Zealand. The bank restored the building in 1989, preserving the stained glass windows as well as the Romanesque and Eastern decorative motifs. The building currently serves as the University of Auckland's Alumni Relations and Development office.
As the congregation grew in size, a larger building was needed to meet it needs and a plot was purchased on Greys Avenue, overlooking Myers Park. The Princes Street synagogue was deconsecrated in 1969. The new inner-city synagogue was consecrated on 8 September 1968. It was designed by New Zealand Jewish architect, John Goldwater in a modernist style. The synagogue was the recipient of an architectural award in 1970. The synagogue and complex underwent a US$6.63 million refurbishment in 2008 and future Jewish prime minister, John Key, attended the reopening. In 2010, the congregation led a successful challenge against the New Zealand government, allowing shechita, after a ban had been put in place. In 2011, Israel's Speaker of the Knesset, Reuven Rivlin addressed the congregation. It marked the first official Israeli state visit to the country in a quarter of a century, since President Chaim Herzog's visit in 1986. The buildings and sanctuary were used for filming by Simone Nathan in her 2022 TV series, Kid Sister. The Greys Avenue complex was also home to Kadimah, the Jewish primary school, Auckland Jewish Immigration and the city's only kosher café.
In 2019, with the assistance of the Woolf Fisher Trust, the congregation purchased the campus of Saint Kentigern Girls' School in Remuera. Kadimah relocated from Grey's Avenue to the Remuera campus in 2023. Other Jewish organisations and the Kosher café/deli are also in the process of relocating to the site, creating the main hub for Jewish life in Auckland. The city's Reform congregation, Beth Shalom has also been invited to relocate to the campus. The Auckland Hebrew Congregation plans to build a new sanctuary and synagogue in the future on the grounds of the campus. It currently holds services in the original homestead on the property. The house had been built in 1918 for the Louisson family who, later downsized to a smaller property and sold the home to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon Church). The property and campus later formed part of Corran School, a private girls school, before becoming Saint Kentigern's Girl's School following a 2009 merger.
In recent decades, the congregation has stepped up efforts to encourage Jewish immigration to New Zealand, mostly focusing on Jewry in South Africa, Argentina and Israel. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Auckland Hebrew Congregation is a Modern Orthodox synagogue in Remuera, a suburb of Auckland. The congregation previously occupied University House (Prince's Street Synagogue) from 1885, before relocating to a larger building on Greys Avenue in 1968. The congregation moved again in 2022, having purchased the campus of Saint Kentigern Girls' School in Remuera. The synagogue serves around 500 local families.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The original synagogue building on Princes's Street was designed and built by Edward Bartley in 1884–1885 in a Romanesque style, incorporating Gothic and Moorish design elements. The foundation stone was laid by David Nathan (1816–1886), an early Jewish settler and founder of the L.D. Nathan chain of stores, and the synagogue opened on 9 November 1885. The building could seat 375 people. It was built on the site of an earlier military guardhouse associated with Albert Barracks. The construction of the synagogue was a statement by the Jewish community in Auckland of not only status, but of their acceptance in the local community. The building has a Category I listing with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1968, the congregation moved to a new synagogue on Greys Avenue. Ownership of the property reverted to Auckland City Council as part of the Albert Park Reserve following the deconsecration. It has since served as a branch of the National Bank of New Zealand. The bank restored the building in 1989, preserving the stained glass windows as well as the Romanesque and Eastern decorative motifs. The building currently serves as the University of Auckland's Alumni Relations and Development office.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "As the congregation grew in size, a larger building was needed to meet it needs and a plot was purchased on Greys Avenue, overlooking Myers Park. The Princes Street synagogue was deconsecrated in 1969. The new inner-city synagogue was consecrated on 8 September 1968. It was designed by New Zealand Jewish architect, John Goldwater in a modernist style. The synagogue was the recipient of an architectural award in 1970. The synagogue and complex underwent a US$6.63 million refurbishment in 2008 and future Jewish prime minister, John Key, attended the reopening. In 2010, the congregation led a successful challenge against the New Zealand government, allowing shechita, after a ban had been put in place. In 2011, Israel's Speaker of the Knesset, Reuven Rivlin addressed the congregation. It marked the first official Israeli state visit to the country in a quarter of a century, since President Chaim Herzog's visit in 1986. The buildings and sanctuary were used for filming by Simone Nathan in her 2022 TV series, Kid Sister. The Greys Avenue complex was also home to Kadimah, the Jewish primary school, Auckland Jewish Immigration and the city's only kosher café.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2019, with the assistance of the Woolf Fisher Trust, the congregation purchased the campus of Saint Kentigern Girls' School in Remuera. Kadimah relocated from Grey's Avenue to the Remuera campus in 2023. Other Jewish organisations and the Kosher café/deli are also in the process of relocating to the site, creating the main hub for Jewish life in Auckland. The city's Reform congregation, Beth Shalom has also been invited to relocate to the campus. The Auckland Hebrew Congregation plans to build a new sanctuary and synagogue in the future on the grounds of the campus. It currently holds services in the original homestead on the property. The house had been built in 1918 for the Louisson family who, later downsized to a smaller property and sold the home to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon Church). The property and campus later formed part of Corran School, a private girls school, before becoming Saint Kentigern's Girl's School following a 2009 merger.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In recent decades, the congregation has stepped up efforts to encourage Jewish immigration to New Zealand, mostly focusing on Jewry in South Africa, Argentina and Israel.",
"title": "History"
}
] | Auckland Hebrew Congregation is a Modern Orthodox synagogue in Remuera, a suburb of Auckland. The congregation previously occupied University House from 1885, before relocating to a larger building on Greys Avenue in 1968. The congregation moved again in 2022, having purchased the campus of Saint Kentigern Girls' School in Remuera. The synagogue serves around 500 local families. | 2023-12-16T09:56:31Z | 2023-12-21T05:25:44Z | [
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75,577,355 | Health in Punjab, India | Health in Punjab involves the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being of the people in Punjab, India. Data of medical facilities, diseases and nutrition is used to determine the state of health of the population.
Between 1896 and 1921, 12 major cholera outbreaks were recorded in Punjab province, which killed about 250,000 people. In 1901, riots were recorded in some plague-hit areas, like Gurdaspur, Patiala and Sialkot as some people refused compulsory hospitalisation and quarantine. From 1897 to 1947, more than 3,000,000 people died due to plague in Punjab province. In 1896, plague came from Hong Kong in India. In October 1897, first death from plague was reported in Punjab. Initially, the plague spread in Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur districts. By 1903, it had spread to almost all districts and caused large-scale causality in the province.
In 2019-21, 94.3% of the births were institutional births in Punjab, which was an increase from 90.5% in 2015-16. Of this, 53.9% were institutional births in public facility, which was up from 51.7% in 2015-16. In rural areas, the births in public facility were 57.6%, compared to 47.0% in urban areas, for year 2019-21. The percentage of home births that were conducted by a skilled health personnel was 2.6%, it was 3.0% for urban areas and 2.3% for rural areas. In 2015-16, this percentage was 4.5%. Of the total, 95.6% births were attended by a skilled health personnel, 2019-21. For urban areas, this rate was 93.7% and 96.6% for rural areas.
Of the total births in Punjab, 38.5% were delivered by caesarean section in 2019-21. This number was 24.6% in 2015-16. For private health facilities, 55.5% of the births were by caesarean section, in 2019-20, compared to 29.9% for public health facilities. In 2015-16, this number was 39.7% for private and 29.9% for public health facilities. For private health facilities, the rate was 57.0% for rural areas and 53.4% for urban areas in 2019-21. For public health facilities, the rate was 29.1% in rural areas and 31.1% in urban areas, in the same year.
According to the national family health survey of 2020–21, anaemia rate in Punjab was 71.1% for children between the ages of 0 to 57 months. This was a significant increase compared to 56.6% in 2015–16. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data from 2015 to 2016, the rate stunting (low height for age) for children between the ages of 0–59 months was 26%, which was lower than the national average of 38%.
The table below shows the data from the state nutrition profile of Punjab of children below the age of 6, by years.
As of 2020, the percentage of deaths due to heart disease was higher in women than men, 41.8% for females compared to 32.2% for males. In the same year, the percentage of deaths due to covid-19 was lower for women compared to men, 13.4% for males and 9.9% for females.
The table below shows the state nutrition profile of Punjab for women between the ages of 15 to 49 years.
Reproductive health
The table below shows the current use of family planning methods by currently married women between the age of 15 to 49 years, in Punjab.
According to the National Family Health Survey 2020–21, the percentage of males in the age group of 15-49 who were obese or overweight was 32.2% in 2020–21, which an increase from the 27.8% in 2015–16. For women in the same age group, the number in 2020-21 was 40.8% which was an increase from 31.3% in 2015–16. Moreover, according to the same report, 63.1% of the men and 72.8% of the women have high risk waist-to-hip ratio, as of 2020–21.
The table below shows the overweight/obesity rate of men, women and children in Punjab.
During the covid-19 pandemic, it was asserted that the high death rate of covid patients in Punjab is because of the prevalence of Obesity and other diseases associated with it, like hypertension and diabetes, in the state.
As of 2022, hypertension was the most prevalent non-communicable disease in Punjab, followed by diabetes and cancer. High trans-fat consumption is considered to be the main cause of heart diseases in Punjab. Out of the total medically certified deaths in 2020, 36.2% were due to diseases of circulatory system, which higher than due to Covid-19. Punjab recorded 38,636 cases of cancer in 2020. This number had been gradually rising since the previous few years. It was 37,744 in 2019 and 36,888 in 2018. In February 2013, there were 90 cancer patients for every 100,000 people in Punjab, which was higher than the national average of 80. In that year, Muktsar district had the highest cancer rate among all district, at 136 per 100,000. Muktsar was closely followed by Mansa, Bathinda and Firozpur districts. Taran Taran district had the lowest rate at 41 per 100,000 people.
As of 2017, there were 40,600 estimated adult cases of HIV infection (AIDS) in Punjab, which comprised 0.18% of the population. As of July 2019, Amritsar district have the highest number of HIV positive cases at 16,619.
According to the 2011 census, there were 654,043 differently abled persons in Punjab, which comprised 2.35% of the population. Out of these, 3,76,087 people have been provided with the 'disability' certificate. During 2016-2017, a total of 57,713 'disability' certificates were issued.
According to the National Family Health Survey 2020–21, the percentage of people in Punjab above the age of 15 who consume alcohol was 22.8% for men and 0.3% for women. The rate of tobacco usage in the same age group was 12.9% for men and 0.4% for women.
According to a survey conducted in four districts of Punjab, in 2016, the current rate of mental morbidity was 13.42%. That means about 1,283,000 people were suffering from a mental illness in Punjab that year. The lifetime prevalence of mental morbidity was 17.94%. The number of people with high suicide risk was 51,600 and people with moderate suicide risk were 28,700. It is asserted that, as of 2016, only about 20% of people suffering from mental illness had access to treatment. This is attributed to the low number of psychiatrists, which was only 0.45 per lakh people in Punjab. An increase of 20 to 25% was witnessed in the number of mental health cases in Punjab due to Covid-19 pandemic. The lockdown also had long term effects on the mental health of people from medical background, students, teachers or working professionals.
The hospitals in Punjab with facilities for cancer treatment are Government Medical College in Amritsar and a tertiary cancer care center at the civil hospital in Fazilka.
The table below shows the district wise number of registered doctors and other registered medical personnel in Punjab, in year 2018. Note:- The ranks of the districts in this table are in the descending order of the number of registered doctors.
The table below shows the population served per doctor, per nurse and per midwife by districts of Punjab, in the year 2018. Note:- The ranks of the districts in the table are in the ascending order of the population served per doctor.
The table given below shows the population served per doctor in Punjab, by years.
The table below shows the district wise population served per bed. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Health in Punjab involves the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being of the people in Punjab, India. Data of medical facilities, diseases and nutrition is used to determine the state of health of the population.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Between 1896 and 1921, 12 major cholera outbreaks were recorded in Punjab province, which killed about 250,000 people. In 1901, riots were recorded in some plague-hit areas, like Gurdaspur, Patiala and Sialkot as some people refused compulsory hospitalisation and quarantine. From 1897 to 1947, more than 3,000,000 people died due to plague in Punjab province. In 1896, plague came from Hong Kong in India. In October 1897, first death from plague was reported in Punjab. Initially, the plague spread in Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur districts. By 1903, it had spread to almost all districts and caused large-scale causality in the province.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2019-21, 94.3% of the births were institutional births in Punjab, which was an increase from 90.5% in 2015-16. Of this, 53.9% were institutional births in public facility, which was up from 51.7% in 2015-16. In rural areas, the births in public facility were 57.6%, compared to 47.0% in urban areas, for year 2019-21. The percentage of home births that were conducted by a skilled health personnel was 2.6%, it was 3.0% for urban areas and 2.3% for rural areas. In 2015-16, this percentage was 4.5%. Of the total, 95.6% births were attended by a skilled health personnel, 2019-21. For urban areas, this rate was 93.7% and 96.6% for rural areas.",
"title": "Birth"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Of the total births in Punjab, 38.5% were delivered by caesarean section in 2019-21. This number was 24.6% in 2015-16. For private health facilities, 55.5% of the births were by caesarean section, in 2019-20, compared to 29.9% for public health facilities. In 2015-16, this number was 39.7% for private and 29.9% for public health facilities. For private health facilities, the rate was 57.0% for rural areas and 53.4% for urban areas in 2019-21. For public health facilities, the rate was 29.1% in rural areas and 31.1% in urban areas, in the same year.",
"title": "Birth"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "According to the national family health survey of 2020–21, anaemia rate in Punjab was 71.1% for children between the ages of 0 to 57 months. This was a significant increase compared to 56.6% in 2015–16. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data from 2015 to 2016, the rate stunting (low height for age) for children between the ages of 0–59 months was 26%, which was lower than the national average of 38%.",
"title": "Children"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The table below shows the data from the state nutrition profile of Punjab of children below the age of 6, by years.",
"title": "Children"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "As of 2020, the percentage of deaths due to heart disease was higher in women than men, 41.8% for females compared to 32.2% for males. In the same year, the percentage of deaths due to covid-19 was lower for women compared to men, 13.4% for males and 9.9% for females.",
"title": "Women"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The table below shows the state nutrition profile of Punjab for women between the ages of 15 to 49 years.",
"title": "Women"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Reproductive health",
"title": "Women"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The table below shows the current use of family planning methods by currently married women between the age of 15 to 49 years, in Punjab.",
"title": "Women"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "According to the National Family Health Survey 2020–21, the percentage of males in the age group of 15-49 who were obese or overweight was 32.2% in 2020–21, which an increase from the 27.8% in 2015–16. For women in the same age group, the number in 2020-21 was 40.8% which was an increase from 31.3% in 2015–16. Moreover, according to the same report, 63.1% of the men and 72.8% of the women have high risk waist-to-hip ratio, as of 2020–21.",
"title": "Obesity"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The table below shows the overweight/obesity rate of men, women and children in Punjab.",
"title": "Obesity"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "During the covid-19 pandemic, it was asserted that the high death rate of covid patients in Punjab is because of the prevalence of Obesity and other diseases associated with it, like hypertension and diabetes, in the state.",
"title": "Obesity"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "As of 2022, hypertension was the most prevalent non-communicable disease in Punjab, followed by diabetes and cancer. High trans-fat consumption is considered to be the main cause of heart diseases in Punjab. Out of the total medically certified deaths in 2020, 36.2% were due to diseases of circulatory system, which higher than due to Covid-19. Punjab recorded 38,636 cases of cancer in 2020. This number had been gradually rising since the previous few years. It was 37,744 in 2019 and 36,888 in 2018. In February 2013, there were 90 cancer patients for every 100,000 people in Punjab, which was higher than the national average of 80. In that year, Muktsar district had the highest cancer rate among all district, at 136 per 100,000. Muktsar was closely followed by Mansa, Bathinda and Firozpur districts. Taran Taran district had the lowest rate at 41 per 100,000 people.",
"title": "Diseases"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "As of 2017, there were 40,600 estimated adult cases of HIV infection (AIDS) in Punjab, which comprised 0.18% of the population. As of July 2019, Amritsar district have the highest number of HIV positive cases at 16,619.",
"title": "Diseases"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "According to the 2011 census, there were 654,043 differently abled persons in Punjab, which comprised 2.35% of the population. Out of these, 3,76,087 people have been provided with the 'disability' certificate. During 2016-2017, a total of 57,713 'disability' certificates were issued.",
"title": "Diseases"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "According to the National Family Health Survey 2020–21, the percentage of people in Punjab above the age of 15 who consume alcohol was 22.8% for men and 0.3% for women. The rate of tobacco usage in the same age group was 12.9% for men and 0.4% for women.",
"title": "Drug Use"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "According to a survey conducted in four districts of Punjab, in 2016, the current rate of mental morbidity was 13.42%. That means about 1,283,000 people were suffering from a mental illness in Punjab that year. The lifetime prevalence of mental morbidity was 17.94%. The number of people with high suicide risk was 51,600 and people with moderate suicide risk were 28,700. It is asserted that, as of 2016, only about 20% of people suffering from mental illness had access to treatment. This is attributed to the low number of psychiatrists, which was only 0.45 per lakh people in Punjab. An increase of 20 to 25% was witnessed in the number of mental health cases in Punjab due to Covid-19 pandemic. The lockdown also had long term effects on the mental health of people from medical background, students, teachers or working professionals.",
"title": "Mental Health"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "The hospitals in Punjab with facilities for cancer treatment are Government Medical College in Amritsar and a tertiary cancer care center at the civil hospital in Fazilka.",
"title": "Medical facilities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "The table below shows the district wise number of registered doctors and other registered medical personnel in Punjab, in year 2018. Note:- The ranks of the districts in this table are in the descending order of the number of registered doctors.",
"title": "Medical facilities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "The table below shows the population served per doctor, per nurse and per midwife by districts of Punjab, in the year 2018. Note:- The ranks of the districts in the table are in the ascending order of the population served per doctor.",
"title": "Medical facilities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "The table given below shows the population served per doctor in Punjab, by years.",
"title": "Medical facilities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "The table below shows the district wise population served per bed.",
"title": "Medical facilities"
}
] | Health in Punjab involves the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being of the people in Punjab, India. Data of medical facilities, diseases and nutrition is used to determine the state of health of the population. | 2023-12-16T09:58:15Z | 2023-12-31T04:09:05Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Punjab,_India |
75,577,390 | MasterChef India – Tamil (season 2) | Season 2 of the Upcoming Indian Tamil-language competitive cooking reality TV series MasterChef India – Tamil, which is planned for streaming on SonyLIV in 2024.
Koushik Shankar will return from Season 1, alongside new judges Rakesh Raghunathan and Shreeya Adka. The Masterchef Tamil season 2 was announced on MasterChef India – Hindi episode on 20 November 2023. The audition rounds were conducted in 2 cities across the statewide auditions - Coimbatore (2 November 2023), Chennai (4 November).
The first season waswas produced by Endemol Shine India, and was aired on Sun TV in 2021. In end of 2023, after the completion of the first season (2021), the show was under the production of SonyLIV buying its broadcasting rights of Tamil and Telugu versions.
The second season of MasterChef India – Tamil 2 poster and The three judges were introduced on MasterChef India – Hindi season 8 episode on 20 November 2023. The first promo was unveiled on 30 October 2023, featuring Koushik Shankar, Rakesh Raghunathan and Shreeya Adka. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Season 2 of the Upcoming Indian Tamil-language competitive cooking reality TV series MasterChef India – Tamil, which is planned for streaming on SonyLIV in 2024.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Koushik Shankar will return from Season 1, alongside new judges Rakesh Raghunathan and Shreeya Adka. The Masterchef Tamil season 2 was announced on MasterChef India – Hindi episode on 20 November 2023. The audition rounds were conducted in 2 cities across the statewide auditions - Coimbatore (2 November 2023), Chennai (4 November).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The first season waswas produced by Endemol Shine India, and was aired on Sun TV in 2021. In end of 2023, after the completion of the first season (2021), the show was under the production of SonyLIV buying its broadcasting rights of Tamil and Telugu versions.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The second season of MasterChef India – Tamil 2 poster and The three judges were introduced on MasterChef India – Hindi season 8 episode on 20 November 2023. The first promo was unveiled on 30 October 2023, featuring Koushik Shankar, Rakesh Raghunathan and Shreeya Adka.",
"title": "Production"
}
] | Season 2 of the Upcoming Indian Tamil-language competitive cooking reality TV series MasterChef India – Tamil, which is planned for streaming on SonyLIV in 2024. Koushik Shankar will return from Season 1, alongside new judges Rakesh Raghunathan and Shreeya Adka. The Masterchef Tamil season 2 was announced on MasterChef India – Hindi episode on 20 November 2023. The audition rounds were conducted in 2 cities across the statewide auditions - Coimbatore, Chennai. | 2023-12-16T10:06:27Z | 2023-12-23T01:44:13Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MasterChef_India_%E2%80%93_Tamil_(season_2) |
75,577,396 | Habib Qahwaji | Habib Qahwaji (1932–2023) was a Palestinian teacher, writer and political activist. He is known for being one of the founders of the Al Ard movement based in Israel. He was a member of the executive committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1977 to 1981. He was one of the Palestinian activists who presented new ways of thinking about the Palestine cause.
Qahwaji was born in Fassuta, Upper Galilee, Palestine, in 1932. He hailed from a Greek Orthodox family. His father, Nofal, was one of the early teachers in the region.
Qahwaji worked as a teacher of Arabic language at the Orthodox Secondary School in Haifa. He also taught at the Terra Sancta College in Nazareth. He was a member of the Arab Popular Front. Following the dissolution of the Front he founded a pan-Arab movement, Al Ard, in Israel in 1959 together with Mansur Qardawsh. The founding meeting of the movement was held in Nazareth in April 1959. The other leading figures of Al Ard included Sabri Jiryis, Salih Baransi, and Muhammad Miari. The movement was a supporter of Nasserism. The group launched a newspaper, Al Ard, in late 1959 under the ownership of Qahwaji.
Qahwaji was arrested and imprisoned in Haifa in 1961. Following his release from prison he was removed from the teaching post and opened a coffee shop in Wadi Nisnas neighborhood of Haifa. He joined the PLO in 1964 when it was established.
Al Ard was preparing to run for the Knesset elections in 1965 under an independent list called Socialist list. However, Qahwaji and other members of Al Ard were either arrested or forced to leave the cities where they were living. Qahwaji settled in Tiberias leaving Haifa. Later he and his wife were arrested and detained more than one year without trial. Then, they were expelled from Israel due to Habib's PLO membership. The Israelis also accused him of being a foreign agent.
Qahwaji family settled in Damascus, Syria in 1968 after the Six-Day War. He established the Al Ard Institution for Palestinian Studies based in Damascus and translated studies and books on Zionism and Israeli politics from Hebrew into Arabic. He published articles and books. He also wrote poems.
Qahwaji continued to publish Al Ard as a biweekly magazine in Damascus. He was a member of the PLO Research Center in Damascus and a contributor of its journal Shu'un Filastiniyya.
Qahwaji was not a member of the groups within the PLO and served as a member of the PLO executive committee between 1977 and 1980.
Qahwaji went into self-exile in France and died there on 17 March 2023. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Habib Qahwaji (1932–2023) was a Palestinian teacher, writer and political activist. He is known for being one of the founders of the Al Ard movement based in Israel. He was a member of the executive committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1977 to 1981. He was one of the Palestinian activists who presented new ways of thinking about the Palestine cause.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Qahwaji was born in Fassuta, Upper Galilee, Palestine, in 1932. He hailed from a Greek Orthodox family. His father, Nofal, was one of the early teachers in the region.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Qahwaji worked as a teacher of Arabic language at the Orthodox Secondary School in Haifa. He also taught at the Terra Sancta College in Nazareth. He was a member of the Arab Popular Front. Following the dissolution of the Front he founded a pan-Arab movement, Al Ard, in Israel in 1959 together with Mansur Qardawsh. The founding meeting of the movement was held in Nazareth in April 1959. The other leading figures of Al Ard included Sabri Jiryis, Salih Baransi, and Muhammad Miari. The movement was a supporter of Nasserism. The group launched a newspaper, Al Ard, in late 1959 under the ownership of Qahwaji.",
"title": "Career and activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Qahwaji was arrested and imprisoned in Haifa in 1961. Following his release from prison he was removed from the teaching post and opened a coffee shop in Wadi Nisnas neighborhood of Haifa. He joined the PLO in 1964 when it was established.",
"title": "Career and activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Al Ard was preparing to run for the Knesset elections in 1965 under an independent list called Socialist list. However, Qahwaji and other members of Al Ard were either arrested or forced to leave the cities where they were living. Qahwaji settled in Tiberias leaving Haifa. Later he and his wife were arrested and detained more than one year without trial. Then, they were expelled from Israel due to Habib's PLO membership. The Israelis also accused him of being a foreign agent.",
"title": "Career and activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Qahwaji family settled in Damascus, Syria in 1968 after the Six-Day War. He established the Al Ard Institution for Palestinian Studies based in Damascus and translated studies and books on Zionism and Israeli politics from Hebrew into Arabic. He published articles and books. He also wrote poems.",
"title": "Career and activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Qahwaji continued to publish Al Ard as a biweekly magazine in Damascus. He was a member of the PLO Research Center in Damascus and a contributor of its journal Shu'un Filastiniyya.",
"title": "Career and activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Qahwaji was not a member of the groups within the PLO and served as a member of the PLO executive committee between 1977 and 1980.",
"title": "Career and activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Qahwaji went into self-exile in France and died there on 17 March 2023.",
"title": "Later years and death"
}
] | Habib Qahwaji (1932–2023) was a Palestinian teacher, writer and political activist. He is known for being one of the founders of the Al Ard movement based in Israel. He was a member of the executive committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1977 to 1981. He was one of the Palestinian activists who presented new ways of thinking about the Palestine cause. | 2023-12-16T10:08:17Z | 2023-12-25T05:48:35Z | [
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75,577,401 | Charles III: The Coronation Year | Charles III: The Coronation Year is a 2023 television documentary film following King Charles III and Queen Camilla in the aftermath of the death and state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II and the events around their subsequent coronation. The film will be broadcast on BBC One and BBC iPlayer on 26 December 2023.
It is written by the historian Robert Hardman and narrated by Helena Bonham-Carter.
Princess Anne speaks in the film of her "sense of relief" as the crown was taken off her mother's coffin during her funeral symbolising the culmination of her years of royal duty. She also spoke of her mother's fears of difficulty if she was to die at Balmoral Castle, with Anne saying that "We did try and persuade her that that that shouldn't be part of the decision-making process ... I hope she felt that that was right in the end, because I think we did".
The film shows the rehearsals for the coronation, with the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, forgetting the wording of a prayer and Prince William joking with Charles about his "sausage fingers" as he struggles to tie a ceremonial robe.
Reviewing the film for the BBC ahead of its broadcast, Sean Coughlan wrote that "It is a warm and sympathetic account of the new reign, with no glimpses of any difficult headlines from the year, whether about Prince Harry, Prince Andrew, a palace race row or protesters arrested at the Coronation. But it shows the King and Queen as a couple strengthened by each other, starting a busy new stage in their lives when most people of their age would be ready to put up their feet". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Charles III: The Coronation Year is a 2023 television documentary film following King Charles III and Queen Camilla in the aftermath of the death and state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II and the events around their subsequent coronation. The film will be broadcast on BBC One and BBC iPlayer on 26 December 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It is written by the historian Robert Hardman and narrated by Helena Bonham-Carter.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Princess Anne speaks in the film of her \"sense of relief\" as the crown was taken off her mother's coffin during her funeral symbolising the culmination of her years of royal duty. She also spoke of her mother's fears of difficulty if she was to die at Balmoral Castle, with Anne saying that \"We did try and persuade her that that that shouldn't be part of the decision-making process ... I hope she felt that that was right in the end, because I think we did\".",
"title": "Content"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The film shows the rehearsals for the coronation, with the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, forgetting the wording of a prayer and Prince William joking with Charles about his \"sausage fingers\" as he struggles to tie a ceremonial robe.",
"title": "Content"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Reviewing the film for the BBC ahead of its broadcast, Sean Coughlan wrote that \"It is a warm and sympathetic account of the new reign, with no glimpses of any difficult headlines from the year, whether about Prince Harry, Prince Andrew, a palace race row or protesters arrested at the Coronation. But it shows the King and Queen as a couple strengthened by each other, starting a busy new stage in their lives when most people of their age would be ready to put up their feet\".",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Charles III: The Coronation Year is a 2023 television documentary film following King Charles III and Queen Camilla in the aftermath of the death and state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II and the events around their subsequent coronation. The film will be broadcast on BBC One and BBC iPlayer on 26 December 2023. It is written by the historian Robert Hardman and narrated by Helena Bonham-Carter. | 2023-12-16T10:09:19Z | 2023-12-27T06:23:09Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III:_The_Coronation_Year |
75,577,417 | Federal Office of Communications | The Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM) (German: Bundesamt für Kommunikation, BAKOM; French: Office fédéral de la communication, OFCOM; Italian: Ufficio federale delle comunicazioni, UFCOM) is a Swiss federal office that deals with issues relating to telecommunications, broadcasting and postal services in Switzerland.
Created in 1992, the office is attached to the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC), and is based in Biel/Bienne.
The OFCOM's activities are governed by the Swiss Telecommunications Act (TCA), the Federal Act on Radio and Television (RTVA) and the Federal Postal Act.
46°58′25″N 7°28′48″E / 46.97361°N 7.48000°E / 46.97361; 7.48000 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM) (German: Bundesamt für Kommunikation, BAKOM; French: Office fédéral de la communication, OFCOM; Italian: Ufficio federale delle comunicazioni, UFCOM) is a Swiss federal office that deals with issues relating to telecommunications, broadcasting and postal services in Switzerland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Created in 1992, the office is attached to the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC), and is based in Biel/Bienne.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The OFCOM's activities are governed by the Swiss Telecommunications Act (TCA), the Federal Act on Radio and Television (RTVA) and the Federal Postal Act.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "46°58′25″N 7°28′48″E / 46.97361°N 7.48000°E / 46.97361; 7.48000",
"title": "External links"
}
] | The Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM) is a Swiss federal office that deals with issues relating to telecommunications, broadcasting and postal services in Switzerland. Created in 1992, the office is attached to the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC), and is based in Biel/Bienne. The OFCOM's activities are governed by the Swiss Telecommunications Act (TCA), the Federal Act on Radio and Television (RTVA) and the Federal Postal Act. | 2023-12-16T10:14:29Z | 2023-12-16T12:03:34Z | [
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75,577,423 | My Hero Academia (season 7) | The seventh season of the My Hero Academia anime television series will be produced by Bones, following the story of the original manga series starting from the beginning of the 34th volume. The seventh season is set to premiere on ytv and NTV on May 4, 2024, with 4 "Memories" recap specials scheduled to air in the preceding month of April. Naomi Nakayama is set to serve as the director of the seventh season. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The seventh season of the My Hero Academia anime television series will be produced by Bones, following the story of the original manga series starting from the beginning of the 34th volume. The seventh season is set to premiere on ytv and NTV on May 4, 2024, with 4 \"Memories\" recap specials scheduled to air in the preceding month of April. Naomi Nakayama is set to serve as the director of the seventh season.",
"title": ""
}
] | The seventh season of the My Hero Academia anime television series will be produced by Bones, following the story of the original manga series starting from the beginning of the 34th volume. The seventh season is set to premiere on ytv and NTV on May 4, 2024, with 4 "Memories" recap specials scheduled to air in the preceding month of April. Naomi Nakayama is set to serve as the director of the seventh season. | 2023-12-16T10:15:16Z | 2023-12-30T03:39:50Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Hero_Academia_(season_7) |
75,577,431 | Maja e Pikëllimës | Maja e Pikëllimës is the highest peak in the mountains of Koritnik, which is located in the border between Albania and Kosovo. It has an altitude of 2,393 m (7,851 ft). Maja e Pikëllimës is part of the Korab-Koritnik Nature Park. The peak is very famous for hikers from both countries. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Maja e Pikëllimës is the highest peak in the mountains of Koritnik, which is located in the border between Albania and Kosovo. It has an altitude of 2,393 m (7,851 ft). Maja e Pikëllimës is part of the Korab-Koritnik Nature Park. The peak is very famous for hikers from both countries.",
"title": ""
}
] | Maja e Pikëllimës is the highest peak in the mountains of Koritnik, which is located in the border between Albania and Kosovo. It has an altitude of 2,393 m (7,851 ft). Maja e Pikëllimës is part of the Korab-Koritnik Nature Park. The peak is very famous for hikers from both countries. | 2023-12-16T10:19:11Z | 2023-12-30T14:12:05Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maja_e_Pik%C3%ABllim%C3%ABs |
75,577,451 | Meanwhile on Earth | Meanwhile on Earth (French: Pendant ce temps sur terre) is an upcoming French science fiction drama film starring Megan Northam as Elsa. The story of the film revolves around an 'absent' hero, Franck, who disappeared during a space mission three years ago. His sister Elsa who was very close to him, find it difficult to continue her life, till one day she is contacted by an alien life form.
It was selected in the Panorama section at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival to be held from 15 to 25 February 2024. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Meanwhile on Earth (French: Pendant ce temps sur terre) is an upcoming French science fiction drama film starring Megan Northam as Elsa. The story of the film revolves around an 'absent' hero, Franck, who disappeared during a space mission three years ago. His sister Elsa who was very close to him, find it difficult to continue her life, till one day she is contacted by an alien life form.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It was selected in the Panorama section at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival to be held from 15 to 25 February 2024.",
"title": ""
}
] | Meanwhile on Earth is an upcoming French science fiction drama film starring Megan Northam as Elsa. The story of the film revolves around an 'absent' hero, Franck, who disappeared during a space mission three years ago. His sister Elsa who was very close to him, find it difficult to continue her life, till one day she is contacted by an alien life form. It was selected in the Panorama section at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival to be held from 15 to 25 February 2024. | 2023-12-16T10:24:06Z | 2023-12-17T02:53:42Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanwhile_on_Earth |
75,577,452 | 2023 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship | The 2023 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship was the 16th edition of the competition. It was held in Hangzhou, China. The tournament took place from 13 to 17 December 2023.
Eczacıbaşı Dynavit Istanbul won their third title after defeating their archrivals VakıfBank Spor Kulubu in five-set match (3–2) in the final. VakıfBank Spor Kulubu settle for silver. Tianjin Bohai Bank claimed bronze and it's also their first medal of the tournament, defeating Dentil Praia Clube in four sets for the third place match. Tijana Boskovic was named the MVP of the tournament.
This were Sport Center I first appearance at the Club World Championship.
Six teams are divided into two pools of three teams each in a round-robin match. The top two teams of each pool advance to the semifinals.
Source:
Match won 3–0 or 3–1: 3 match points for the winner and 0 match point for the loser.
Match won 3–2: 2 match points for the winner and 1 match point for the loser.
Source: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship was the 16th edition of the competition. It was held in Hangzhou, China. The tournament took place from 13 to 17 December 2023.",
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Eczacıbaşı Dynavit Istanbul won their third title after defeating their archrivals VakıfBank Spor Kulubu in five-set match (3–2) in the final. VakıfBank Spor Kulubu settle for silver. Tianjin Bohai Bank claimed bronze and it's also their first medal of the tournament, defeating Dentil Praia Clube in four sets for the third place match. Tijana Boskovic was named the MVP of the tournament.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "This were Sport Center I first appearance at the Club World Championship.",
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},
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"text": "Six teams are divided into two pools of three teams each in a round-robin match. The top two teams of each pool advance to the semifinals.",
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},
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"text": "Source:",
"title": "Pool standing procedure"
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{
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"text": "Match won 3–0 or 3–1: 3 match points for the winner and 0 match point for the loser.",
"title": "Pool standing procedure"
},
{
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"text": "Match won 3–2: 2 match points for the winner and 1 match point for the loser.",
"title": "Pool standing procedure"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "Awards"
}
] | The 2023 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship was the 16th edition of the competition. It was held in Hangzhou, China. The tournament took place from 13 to 17 December 2023. Eczacıbaşı Dynavit Istanbul won their third title after defeating their archrivals VakıfBank Spor Kulubu in five-set match (3–2) in the final. VakıfBank Spor Kulubu settle for silver. Tianjin Bohai Bank claimed bronze and it's also their first medal of the tournament, defeating Dentil Praia Clube in four sets for the third place match. Tijana Boskovic was named the MVP of the tournament. This were Sport Center I first appearance at the Club World Championship. | 2023-12-16T10:24:18Z | 2023-12-21T10:13:37Z | [
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75,577,455 | Tereza Brandtlová | Tereza Brandtlová (born 21 November 1985) is a Czech Paralympic archer who competes in international archery competitions. She is a World champion in the mixed team event with David Drahonínský, she has also competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in the individual W1 event where she lost in the first round. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Tereza Brandtlová (born 21 November 1985) is a Czech Paralympic archer who competes in international archery competitions. She is a World champion in the mixed team event with David Drahonínský, she has also competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in the individual W1 event where she lost in the first round.",
"title": ""
}
] | Tereza Brandtlová is a Czech Paralympic archer who competes in international archery competitions. She is a World champion in the mixed team event with David Drahonínský, she has also competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in the individual W1 event where she lost in the first round. | 2023-12-16T10:26:27Z | 2023-12-26T18:00:06Z | [
"Template:Infobox sportsperson",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tereza_Brandtlov%C3%A1 |
75,577,471 | University training credit | University training credit (It: credito formativo universitario, CFU) is a method used in Italian universities to measure the workload required of the student to obtain a degree.
They constitute a simplification regarding the recognition of exams taken in other Italian or European universities (for example within the Erasmus programme) and are transferable through the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "University training credit (It: credito formativo universitario, CFU) is a method used in Italian universities to measure the workload required of the student to obtain a degree.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "They constitute a simplification regarding the recognition of exams taken in other Italian or European universities (for example within the Erasmus programme) and are transferable through the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS).",
"title": ""
}
] | University training credit is a method used in Italian universities to measure the workload required of the student to obtain a degree. They constitute a simplification regarding the recognition of exams taken in other Italian or European universities and are transferable through the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). | 2023-12-16T10:32:08Z | 2023-12-16T21:10:12Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_training_credit |
75,577,479 | Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean | The Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean can be compared according to the different definitions of democracy. The V-Dem Democracy indices considers the Latin American and Caribbean countries with the highest democracy scores in 2023 as Costa Rica, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Jamaica and countries with lowest democracy scores as Nicaragua, Cuba and Venezuela.
Democratic backsliding can be observed in parts of Latin America and the Caribbean.
The table below shows Latin American and Caribbean countries scored on the 5 high-level V-Dem Democracy indices in 2023. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean can be compared according to the different definitions of democracy. The V-Dem Democracy indices considers the Latin American and Caribbean countries with the highest democracy scores in 2023 as Costa Rica, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Jamaica and countries with lowest democracy scores as Nicaragua, Cuba and Venezuela.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Democratic backsliding can be observed in parts of Latin America and the Caribbean.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The table below shows Latin American and Caribbean countries scored on the 5 high-level V-Dem Democracy indices in 2023.",
"title": "Measures of democracy"
}
] | The Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean can be compared according to the different definitions of democracy. The V-Dem Democracy indices considers the Latin American and Caribbean countries with the highest democracy scores in 2023 as Costa Rica, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Jamaica and countries with lowest democracy scores as Nicaragua, Cuba and Venezuela. Democratic backsliding can be observed in parts of Latin America and the Caribbean. | 2023-12-16T10:35:20Z | 2023-12-16T12:39:27Z | [
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75,577,482 | List of Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference football champions | This is a list of yearly Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference football champions. Champions have been determined by the best record in play amongst teams in the conference, which can result in one or multiple champions. In 1978, the MEAC was classified as a Division I conference by the NCAA. Prior to that year, the league operated as a Division II conference.
The MEAC has seen a handful of teams forfeit the championship due to violations. The 1987 Howard Bison, who had won all five conference games under Willie Jeffries, was stripped of their championship in 1989 due to the use of ineligible players. Delaware State, who had won all but their game against Howard, was awarded the championship. Norfolk State was stripped of their 2011 title in 2016, with no champion being awarded the title retroactively. In 2019, North Carolina A&T and South Carolina State were each awarded the MEAC title after each went 6–2 in conference play over Florida A&M, who had gone 7-1 but were under sanctions due to ineligible players.
Italics indicate a shared title. * indicates a school no longer competing in the MEAC. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is a list of yearly Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference football champions. Champions have been determined by the best record in play amongst teams in the conference, which can result in one or multiple champions. In 1978, the MEAC was classified as a Division I conference by the NCAA. Prior to that year, the league operated as a Division II conference.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The MEAC has seen a handful of teams forfeit the championship due to violations. The 1987 Howard Bison, who had won all five conference games under Willie Jeffries, was stripped of their championship in 1989 due to the use of ineligible players. Delaware State, who had won all but their game against Howard, was awarded the championship. Norfolk State was stripped of their 2011 title in 2016, with no champion being awarded the title retroactively. In 2019, North Carolina A&T and South Carolina State were each awarded the MEAC title after each went 6–2 in conference play over Florida A&M, who had gone 7-1 but were under sanctions due to ineligible players.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Italics indicate a shared title. * indicates a school no longer competing in the MEAC.",
"title": "Championships by school"
}
] | This is a list of yearly Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference football champions. Champions have been determined by the best record in play amongst teams in the conference, which can result in one or multiple champions. In 1978, the MEAC was classified as a Division I conference by the NCAA. Prior to that year, the league operated as a Division II conference. The MEAC has seen a handful of teams forfeit the championship due to violations. The 1987 Howard Bison, who had won all five conference games under Willie Jeffries, was stripped of their championship in 1989 due to the use of ineligible players. Delaware State, who had won all but their game against Howard, was awarded the championship. Norfolk State was stripped of their 2011 title in 2016, with no champion being awarded the title retroactively. In 2019, North Carolina A&T and South Carolina State were each awarded the MEAC title after each went 6–2 in conference play over Florida A&M, who had gone 7-1 but were under sanctions due to ineligible players. | 2023-12-16T10:35:24Z | 2023-12-19T04:23:34Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mid-Eastern_Athletic_Conference_football_champions |
75,577,494 | Sainte Marie de Kimwenza | The Sainte Marie de Kimwenza (meaning "Saint Mary of Kimwenza") is a Roman Catholic parish church located in the Mont Ngafula commune of the Lukunga District in Kinshasa within the western region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Established in 1954, the mission was initially founded by the Jesuits in 1893, and in 1894, the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur established a girls' school. The Faculty of Agronomic and Veterinary Science has obtained all necessary official authorizations for its operation, including the acquisition of land opposite the church after a long discernment process.
In 1893, Father Émile Van Hencxthoven, a Jesuit priest, arrived in the western part of the Kwango Mission by the end of May. He later settled in the school colony of Kimwenza, which was then baptized as the "Sainte-Marie colony." Following his settlement, he proposed a stratagem to establish twin missionary outposts along the Kwango Mission's demarcated terrain, seeking to fortify against incursions by Protestant missionaries. This proposal materialized with the founding of the Kisantu station in November 1893, a mere four months hence. Kisantu burgeoned into a strategic center for evangelical pursuits within the Kwango Mission after the abandonment of Kimwenza in 1896 and its formal closure in 1901 through a concordat with the State.
The Jesuit apostolate gained considerable influence from Kisantu, becoming a focal point for their missionary efforts. In 1895, Father Van Hencxthoven introduced the concept of secondary outposts, denominated as "chapel farms," which transformed over time into influential hubs for environmental transformation.
In 1954, a cadre of Belgian Jesuit fathers started the construction of the Saint Marie parish in Kimwenza. The construction was completed later that year. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Sainte Marie de Kimwenza (meaning \"Saint Mary of Kimwenza\") is a Roman Catholic parish church located in the Mont Ngafula commune of the Lukunga District in Kinshasa within the western region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Established in 1954, the mission was initially founded by the Jesuits in 1893, and in 1894, the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur established a girls' school. The Faculty of Agronomic and Veterinary Science has obtained all necessary official authorizations for its operation, including the acquisition of land opposite the church after a long discernment process.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "In 1893, Father Émile Van Hencxthoven, a Jesuit priest, arrived in the western part of the Kwango Mission by the end of May. He later settled in the school colony of Kimwenza, which was then baptized as the \"Sainte-Marie colony.\" Following his settlement, he proposed a stratagem to establish twin missionary outposts along the Kwango Mission's demarcated terrain, seeking to fortify against incursions by Protestant missionaries. This proposal materialized with the founding of the Kisantu station in November 1893, a mere four months hence. Kisantu burgeoned into a strategic center for evangelical pursuits within the Kwango Mission after the abandonment of Kimwenza in 1896 and its formal closure in 1901 through a concordat with the State.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Jesuit apostolate gained considerable influence from Kisantu, becoming a focal point for their missionary efforts. In 1895, Father Van Hencxthoven introduced the concept of secondary outposts, denominated as \"chapel farms,\" which transformed over time into influential hubs for environmental transformation.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1954, a cadre of Belgian Jesuit fathers started the construction of the Saint Marie parish in Kimwenza. The construction was completed later that year.",
"title": "History"
}
] | The Sainte Marie de Kimwenza is a Roman Catholic parish church located in the Mont Ngafula commune of the Lukunga District in Kinshasa within the western region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Established in 1954, the mission was initially founded by the Jesuits in 1893, and in 1894, the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur established a girls' school. The Faculty of Agronomic and Veterinary Science has obtained all necessary official authorizations for its operation, including the acquisition of land opposite the church after a long discernment process. | 2023-12-16T10:40:16Z | 2023-12-17T17:43:49Z | [
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75,577,505 | 1966 Curtis Cup | The 14th Curtis Cup Match was played on July 29 and 30, 1966 on the Cascades course at The Homestead in Hot Springs, Virginia. The United States won by 13 matches to 5, to retain the trophy.
The United States took a 7–2 lead after the opening day and won two of the foursomes and three of the singles matches on the final day to win the contest.
The contest was a two-day competition, with three foursomes and six singles matches on each day, a total of 18 points.
Each of the 18 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 18th hole extra holes were not played. Rather, each side earned 1⁄2 a point toward their team total. The team that accumulated at least 91⁄2 points won the competition. In the event of a tie, the current holder retained the Cup.
Chadwick was not in the original team, being selected as first reserve, but was added when Julia Greenhalgh later withdrew with an injured hand.
37°57′22″N 79°52′05″W / 37.956°N 79.868°W / 37.956; -79.868 | [
{
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},
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{
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"text": "Each of the 18 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 18th hole extra holes were not played. Rather, each side earned 1⁄2 a point toward their team total. The team that accumulated at least 91⁄2 points won the competition. In the event of a tie, the current holder retained the Cup.",
"title": "Format"
},
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"title": "Teams"
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"text": "37°57′22″N 79°52′05″W / 37.956°N 79.868°W / 37.956; -79.868",
"title": "References"
}
] | The 14th Curtis Cup Match was played on July 29 and 30, 1966 on the Cascades course at The Homestead in Hot Springs, Virginia. The United States won by 13 matches to 5, to retain the trophy. The United States took a 7–2 lead after the opening day and won two of the foursomes and three of the singles matches on the final day to win the contest. | 2023-12-16T10:43:49Z | 2023-12-16T10:43:49Z | [
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75,577,539 | Encyrtus | Encyrtus is a parasitic wasp genus in the family Encyrtidae.
There are 96 species in this genus, including: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Encyrtus is a parasitic wasp genus in the family Encyrtidae.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "There are 96 species in this genus, including:",
"title": "Selected species"
}
] | Encyrtus is a parasitic wasp genus in the family Encyrtidae. | 2023-12-16T10:49:52Z | 2023-12-19T01:38:12Z | [
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75,577,557 | Federal Office of Energy | The Swiss Federal Office of Communications (SFOE) (German: Bundesamt für Energie, BFE; French: Office fédéral de l'énergie, OFEN; Italian: Ufficio federale dell'energia, UFE) is a Swiss federal office responsible for issues relating to energy supply and energy consumption.
The office is attached to the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC), and is based in Ittigen.
As of 2022, the SFOE had 324 employees, a budget of around CHF 100 million, revenues of around CHF 1.3 billion, and administered transfer credits of around CHF 1.8 billion.
46°58′25″N 7°28′48″E / 46.97361°N 7.48000°E / 46.97361; 7.48000 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Swiss Federal Office of Communications (SFOE) (German: Bundesamt für Energie, BFE; French: Office fédéral de l'énergie, OFEN; Italian: Ufficio federale dell'energia, UFE) is a Swiss federal office responsible for issues relating to energy supply and energy consumption.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "The office is attached to the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC), and is based in Ittigen.",
"title": "Background"
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{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "As of 2022, the SFOE had 324 employees, a budget of around CHF 100 million, revenues of around CHF 1.3 billion, and administered transfer credits of around CHF 1.8 billion.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "46°58′25″N 7°28′48″E / 46.97361°N 7.48000°E / 46.97361; 7.48000",
"title": "External links"
}
] | The Swiss Federal Office of Communications (SFOE) is a Swiss federal office responsible for issues relating to energy supply and energy consumption. | 2023-12-16T10:52:53Z | 2023-12-30T17:33:16Z | [
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75,577,600 | Cinna arundinacea | Cinna arundinacea, the stout woodreed or sweet woodreed, is a species of flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae. It is native to the Canada and the United States east of the Rockies. A perennial reaching 6 ft (1.8 m), it is usually found growing in wet areas. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Cinna arundinacea, the stout woodreed or sweet woodreed, is a species of flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae. It is native to the Canada and the United States east of the Rockies. A perennial reaching 6 ft (1.8 m), it is usually found growing in wet areas.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "",
"title": "References"
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] | Cinna arundinacea, the stout woodreed or sweet woodreed, is a species of flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae. It is native to the Canada and the United States east of the Rockies. A perennial reaching 6 ft (1.8 m), it is usually found growing in wet areas. | 2023-12-16T11:00:25Z | 2023-12-16T11:53:42Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinna_arundinacea |
75,577,615 | Federal Roads Office | The Federal Roads Office (FEDRO) (German: Bundesamt für Strassen, ASTRA; French: Office fédéral des routes, OFROU; Italian: Ufficio federale delle strade, USTRA) is a Swiss federal office responsible for road infrastructure and private road transport.
Created in 1998, the office is attached to the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC), and is based in Ittigen.
The FEDRO has approximately 600 employees.
46°58′25″N 7°28′48″E / 46.97361°N 7.48000°E / 46.97361; 7.48000 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Federal Roads Office (FEDRO) (German: Bundesamt für Strassen, ASTRA; French: Office fédéral des routes, OFROU; Italian: Ufficio federale delle strade, USTRA) is a Swiss federal office responsible for road infrastructure and private road transport.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Created in 1998, the office is attached to the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC), and is based in Ittigen.",
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The FEDRO has approximately 600 employees.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
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] | The Federal Roads Office (FEDRO) is a Swiss federal office responsible for road infrastructure and private road transport. | 2023-12-16T11:05:01Z | 2023-12-25T00:10:41Z | [
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75,577,650 | Takapuna Rugby League Football Club | Takapuna Rugby League Football Club were a rugby league club in Auckland. They competed from 1921 until 1925. They represented the Takapuna suburb on the North Shore of Auckland.
A club had previously existed in the Takapuna area and was named Pupuke however they only lasted for the 1917 season before ceasing to exist and had no obvious connection to the Takapuna club which formed 4 years later.
It was reported at the Auckland Rugby League meeting on March 9, 1921, that “a meeting would be held at Takapuna this evening [March 10] for the purpose of forming a league club there”. On March 12 they posted advertisements in the Auckland Star and New Zealand Herald that they were holding a general meeting on Tuesday, March 15 in the Parish Hall in Takapuna. With all interested and intending players requested to attend. The notice was published by W. Dowle, their honorary secretary. Dowle was Wilfred Wesley Dowle who was aged 21 at the time.
The club entered teams in the 5th and 6th grades. The 5th grade side only had 3 games reported with a win and 2 losses. While the 6th grade side playing in the A section had 4 results reported which were all losses. The 5th grade teams first ever match was a preseason game against Kingsland Rovers on April 30 at Takapuna. The clubs first ever competition games were on May 7 with both the 5th and 6th grade teams both playing at Takapuna. The 6th grade team played at 2pm against City Rovers with Mr. Belcham refereeing. They lost the match 16–0. While the 5th grade team played their neighbouring club, North Shore Albions at 3pm but the result was not reported. The 5th grades first reported result was in their second match against Otahuhu on May 14, losing 7 to 2. Their only reported win came at the Auckland Domain #2 field against Manukau on July 23 when they won 5–0 with a try to Hyland which was converted by Holmes.
The 1922 season saw Takapuna only field one team which played in the 5th grade. The team performed particularly well and won the championship, lifting the Endean Memorial Shield in the process. Many results were not reported during the year however of the results reported Takapuna won 7 and lost 1 of the games that had results submitted to the newspapers. At the start of the season they held practices at the Show Grounds with their last preseason practice on April 29. Their honorary secretary was still Wilfred Dowle. The showgrounds were located close to the present day Takapuna Golf Course.
They began the year with a 13–2 win over Northcote & Birkenhead Ramblers on May 6 at Northcote which was based at Stafford Park at this time. They then had wins over Richmond on May 13 by 17 points to 5, before a default win over Marist Old Boys on May 20. They beat Manukau 12–11 on June 10 and then beat Ponsonby United 12-0 a week later. On July 15 they defeated Marist 14–0 with the scorers reported. They were Paul, Petit, Gibbons, and Sweetman. On July 22 they lost to Richmond 8–3 with Holmes scoring their try however the league ordered the match to be replayed. The ARL said “an appeal by Richmond against a decision of the junior committee that the fifth grade game Richmond v. Takapuna be replayed was upheld, on the ground that the question was on a matter of fact in which the referee’s decision must be held to be final”. On August 5 Takapuna beat Manukau 16-8 however the Manukau club appealed the decision of the junior management committee not to grant a replay of the match and the management committee agreed with a replay ordered. No reason was given for the appeal.
On August 26 the club got to play most likely its first ever game on Carlaw Park which had been opened the previous season. The match was their rescheduled game against Manukau on the number 2 field at 2pm with Mr. Rogers refereeing. The following week Takapuna played Richmond in the match to decide the championship at Carlaw Park no. 1 at 1.45pm. The game was the curtain raiser to the Auckland match against South Auckland. The result of the game was not reported.
A Cadet competition was also being held involving military cadets and A team from Takapuna joined the competition mid season on July 8. They played 9 games but only had 2 results reported which were both losses.
The 1923 season saw Takapuna only field one team again which was once more their fifth grade side. This year they finished runners up to their rivals Richmond. Takapuna won 9 games with a draw and 3 losses and didn't compete in the knockout competition at the end of the season. They held their annual meeting at Greenwood's Gymnasium at Hall's Corner on Thursday, March 29. Their honorary secretary was W. Allen. Then on the 31st of May they held “an important general meeting” in the Takapuna Borough Council Chambers with the notice posted by honorary secretary J. Wilson. On June 9 they defeated Richmond 9–0 with Warman, Stewart, and Paul scoring tries for Takapuna. The following week their team list for their upcoming game against Newton Rangers was published. Previously they had never done this. The team was Wilson (2), Holmes (2), Warman (2), Davis, Polkinghorne, Coleman, Gibbons, Stewart, Ogilvie, Hicks, Cruther, Paul, and Morrison. Takapuna won the game 9–0 at the Auckland Domain with Stewart scoring 2 tries and W. Wilson 1. A week later they beat Northcote 6–3 with Holmes and Coleman scoring their 2 tries.
At the conclusion of the championship the New Zealand Herald published the points of the respective leading teams: “the fifth grade competition has been won by Richmond 20 points, with Takapuna, 19 points, second. City, 16, and Newton, 14, are next in order”. The season was somewhat controversial however as Takapuna contested a loss to Richmond a week earlier by 7 points to 0. On August 22 it was reported that “an appeal was received from the Takapuna club against the finding of the junior management committee in a protest against the Richmond fifth grade team on the ground that the Richmond team had played a man who had not been regraded from a higher grade. The finding of the Junior Management Committee was upheld”. They were not finished however and protested once more with it being sent to the Junior Board to be forwarded to the New Zealand Rugby League on September 19. The New Zealand Rugby League then dismissed the protest the following week for “being out of order”.
At the conclusion of the season the club held a general meeting on November 22 at Marshall's Billiard Saloon. Their honorary secretary J. Wilson advertised the meeting.
In 1924 the Takapuna club promoted their solitary team to the 4th grade. They struggled in the competition and in July withdrew when they had 1 win, 1 draw, and 4 losses. Their annual meeting was at Marshall's Billiard Saloon on March 6.
At the beginning of the season the Auckland Rugby League applied for permission to play games at the Takapuna Racecourse (on the centre field). They were however sent a letter from the Takapuna Jockey Club that no grounds would be available or the season for football.
Takapuna's first game of the season was against the newly former United Suburbs club at Birkenhead on May 11. They won by 11 points to 5 at Takapuna. Their team had been published in the Auckland Star prior to the match and was: Richards, Ogilvie, Coleman, Gassey, Davies, Edwards, Warman, Paul, Polkinghorne (2), Hicks, Tatton, Gibbons, Thomas, Morrison, Bennett, Sherritt, and Lawrence. On June 14 they played Parnell at Carlaw Park as one of the curtain raisers to the Auckland game against the touring Australian University side. They began to seriously struggle at this point of the season losing to Ellerslie 29–3 at the Ellerslie Racecourse ground. Then on July 12 they were thrashed by Ponsonby United 59–0 at Birkenhead. Every single member of the Ponsonby side reportedly scored and this was the last match of the season which Takapuna played. They were drawn to play Marist the following week at the Outer Domain but no result was reported and they were not drawn to play any further fixtures.
In 1925 the Takapuna club failed to field a team however late in the year a "Takapuna Pacific" side entered the 4th grade competition featuring several of the Takapuna players from the previous season. It is unclear if they were the same club however given the Auckland Rugby League made no mention of a new club being registered they were most likely ostensibly the same club. Their team to play on 8 August was Wheatley, Herbert, S. Wagstaff, T. Blomfield, Brawn, Patrick, R. Webster, Cryer, L. Wagstaff, Hyland, Neville, Overington, Bennett, Chester, C. Stewart, Warman, T. Webster, and Hawera. They played Ponsonby in the 4th grade knockout competition on August 15 and lost 23–0 at Takapuna. In other team lists "L. Crutcher", "Veitch", "Patrick", "R Smith", and "Nicholson" were named.
On September 19 they were thrashed by Athletic 40-3 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Takapuna Rugby League Football Club were a rugby league club in Auckland. They competed from 1921 until 1925. They represented the Takapuna suburb on the North Shore of Auckland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "A club had previously existed in the Takapuna area and was named Pupuke however they only lasted for the 1917 season before ceasing to exist and had no obvious connection to the Takapuna club which formed 4 years later.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "It was reported at the Auckland Rugby League meeting on March 9, 1921, that “a meeting would be held at Takapuna this evening [March 10] for the purpose of forming a league club there”. On March 12 they posted advertisements in the Auckland Star and New Zealand Herald that they were holding a general meeting on Tuesday, March 15 in the Parish Hall in Takapuna. With all interested and intending players requested to attend. The notice was published by W. Dowle, their honorary secretary. Dowle was Wilfred Wesley Dowle who was aged 21 at the time.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The club entered teams in the 5th and 6th grades. The 5th grade side only had 3 games reported with a win and 2 losses. While the 6th grade side playing in the A section had 4 results reported which were all losses. The 5th grade teams first ever match was a preseason game against Kingsland Rovers on April 30 at Takapuna. The clubs first ever competition games were on May 7 with both the 5th and 6th grade teams both playing at Takapuna. The 6th grade team played at 2pm against City Rovers with Mr. Belcham refereeing. They lost the match 16–0. While the 5th grade team played their neighbouring club, North Shore Albions at 3pm but the result was not reported. The 5th grades first reported result was in their second match against Otahuhu on May 14, losing 7 to 2. Their only reported win came at the Auckland Domain #2 field against Manukau on July 23 when they won 5–0 with a try to Hyland which was converted by Holmes.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The 1922 season saw Takapuna only field one team which played in the 5th grade. The team performed particularly well and won the championship, lifting the Endean Memorial Shield in the process. Many results were not reported during the year however of the results reported Takapuna won 7 and lost 1 of the games that had results submitted to the newspapers. At the start of the season they held practices at the Show Grounds with their last preseason practice on April 29. Their honorary secretary was still Wilfred Dowle. The showgrounds were located close to the present day Takapuna Golf Course.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "They began the year with a 13–2 win over Northcote & Birkenhead Ramblers on May 6 at Northcote which was based at Stafford Park at this time. They then had wins over Richmond on May 13 by 17 points to 5, before a default win over Marist Old Boys on May 20. They beat Manukau 12–11 on June 10 and then beat Ponsonby United 12-0 a week later. On July 15 they defeated Marist 14–0 with the scorers reported. They were Paul, Petit, Gibbons, and Sweetman. On July 22 they lost to Richmond 8–3 with Holmes scoring their try however the league ordered the match to be replayed. The ARL said “an appeal by Richmond against a decision of the junior committee that the fifth grade game Richmond v. Takapuna be replayed was upheld, on the ground that the question was on a matter of fact in which the referee’s decision must be held to be final”. On August 5 Takapuna beat Manukau 16-8 however the Manukau club appealed the decision of the junior management committee not to grant a replay of the match and the management committee agreed with a replay ordered. No reason was given for the appeal.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On August 26 the club got to play most likely its first ever game on Carlaw Park which had been opened the previous season. The match was their rescheduled game against Manukau on the number 2 field at 2pm with Mr. Rogers refereeing. The following week Takapuna played Richmond in the match to decide the championship at Carlaw Park no. 1 at 1.45pm. The game was the curtain raiser to the Auckland match against South Auckland. The result of the game was not reported.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "A Cadet competition was also being held involving military cadets and A team from Takapuna joined the competition mid season on July 8. They played 9 games but only had 2 results reported which were both losses.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The 1923 season saw Takapuna only field one team again which was once more their fifth grade side. This year they finished runners up to their rivals Richmond. Takapuna won 9 games with a draw and 3 losses and didn't compete in the knockout competition at the end of the season. They held their annual meeting at Greenwood's Gymnasium at Hall's Corner on Thursday, March 29. Their honorary secretary was W. Allen. Then on the 31st of May they held “an important general meeting” in the Takapuna Borough Council Chambers with the notice posted by honorary secretary J. Wilson. On June 9 they defeated Richmond 9–0 with Warman, Stewart, and Paul scoring tries for Takapuna. The following week their team list for their upcoming game against Newton Rangers was published. Previously they had never done this. The team was Wilson (2), Holmes (2), Warman (2), Davis, Polkinghorne, Coleman, Gibbons, Stewart, Ogilvie, Hicks, Cruther, Paul, and Morrison. Takapuna won the game 9–0 at the Auckland Domain with Stewart scoring 2 tries and W. Wilson 1. A week later they beat Northcote 6–3 with Holmes and Coleman scoring their 2 tries.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "At the conclusion of the championship the New Zealand Herald published the points of the respective leading teams: “the fifth grade competition has been won by Richmond 20 points, with Takapuna, 19 points, second. City, 16, and Newton, 14, are next in order”. The season was somewhat controversial however as Takapuna contested a loss to Richmond a week earlier by 7 points to 0. On August 22 it was reported that “an appeal was received from the Takapuna club against the finding of the junior management committee in a protest against the Richmond fifth grade team on the ground that the Richmond team had played a man who had not been regraded from a higher grade. The finding of the Junior Management Committee was upheld”. They were not finished however and protested once more with it being sent to the Junior Board to be forwarded to the New Zealand Rugby League on September 19. The New Zealand Rugby League then dismissed the protest the following week for “being out of order”.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "At the conclusion of the season the club held a general meeting on November 22 at Marshall's Billiard Saloon. Their honorary secretary J. Wilson advertised the meeting.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In 1924 the Takapuna club promoted their solitary team to the 4th grade. They struggled in the competition and in July withdrew when they had 1 win, 1 draw, and 4 losses. Their annual meeting was at Marshall's Billiard Saloon on March 6.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "At the beginning of the season the Auckland Rugby League applied for permission to play games at the Takapuna Racecourse (on the centre field). They were however sent a letter from the Takapuna Jockey Club that no grounds would be available or the season for football.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Takapuna's first game of the season was against the newly former United Suburbs club at Birkenhead on May 11. They won by 11 points to 5 at Takapuna. Their team had been published in the Auckland Star prior to the match and was: Richards, Ogilvie, Coleman, Gassey, Davies, Edwards, Warman, Paul, Polkinghorne (2), Hicks, Tatton, Gibbons, Thomas, Morrison, Bennett, Sherritt, and Lawrence. On June 14 they played Parnell at Carlaw Park as one of the curtain raisers to the Auckland game against the touring Australian University side. They began to seriously struggle at this point of the season losing to Ellerslie 29–3 at the Ellerslie Racecourse ground. Then on July 12 they were thrashed by Ponsonby United 59–0 at Birkenhead. Every single member of the Ponsonby side reportedly scored and this was the last match of the season which Takapuna played. They were drawn to play Marist the following week at the Outer Domain but no result was reported and they were not drawn to play any further fixtures.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In 1925 the Takapuna club failed to field a team however late in the year a \"Takapuna Pacific\" side entered the 4th grade competition featuring several of the Takapuna players from the previous season. It is unclear if they were the same club however given the Auckland Rugby League made no mention of a new club being registered they were most likely ostensibly the same club. Their team to play on 8 August was Wheatley, Herbert, S. Wagstaff, T. Blomfield, Brawn, Patrick, R. Webster, Cryer, L. Wagstaff, Hyland, Neville, Overington, Bennett, Chester, C. Stewart, Warman, T. Webster, and Hawera. They played Ponsonby in the 4th grade knockout competition on August 15 and lost 23–0 at Takapuna. In other team lists \"L. Crutcher\", \"Veitch\", \"Patrick\", \"R Smith\", and \"Nicholson\" were named.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "On September 19 they were thrashed by Athletic 40-3",
"title": "History"
}
] | Takapuna Rugby League Football Club were a rugby league club in Auckland. They competed from 1921 until 1925. They represented the Takapuna suburb on the North Shore of Auckland. | 2023-12-16T11:11:04Z | 2023-12-17T22:16:08Z | [
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75,577,652 | The Neon Highway | The Neon Highway is an upcoming American drama film written by Phillip Rob Bellury and William Wages, directed by Wages and starring Rob Mayes and Beau Bridges.
Filming occurred in Columbus, Georgia in March 2021. Filming also occurred in Pine Mountain, Harris County, Georgia and Hamilton, Georgia.
Film producer Stratton Leopold stated in a November 2023 interview with the Ledger-Enquirer: "We’ll premiere on the 27th of February. It’ll be the first of March in the theaters." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Neon Highway is an upcoming American drama film written by Phillip Rob Bellury and William Wages, directed by Wages and starring Rob Mayes and Beau Bridges.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Filming occurred in Columbus, Georgia in March 2021. Filming also occurred in Pine Mountain, Harris County, Georgia and Hamilton, Georgia.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Film producer Stratton Leopold stated in a November 2023 interview with the Ledger-Enquirer: \"We’ll premiere on the 27th of February. It’ll be the first of March in the theaters.\"",
"title": "Release"
}
] | The Neon Highway is an upcoming American drama film written by Phillip Rob Bellury and William Wages, directed by Wages and starring Rob Mayes and Beau Bridges. | 2023-12-16T11:11:45Z | 2023-12-22T20:58:33Z | [
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75,577,719 | Rudolf Hrubý | Rudolf Hrubý (14 April 1954 – 14 December 2023) was a Slovak businessman and investor. He was a co-founder and long-term CFO of the software company ESET.
Rudolf Hrubý was born on 14 April 1954 in Dubnica nad Váhom. He studied theoretical cybernetics at the Comenius University. Following graduation, he started a company developing accounting software. In 1992 he was invited by Miroslav Trnka and Peter Paško, the owners of IT security start up ESET to join their company as a partner.
From 1992 to 2010 Hrubý was a member of top management of ESET, acting as the CFO. In 2010 he departed the management along with the other co-founders, but retained his 22 per cent share in the company. In an Forbes inteview, Hrubý explained that coming from an IT background, he struggled to understand finance matters at first, but benefited from his experience in developing accounting software to understand the economic aspects of running a business.
Following his exit from the active management of ESET, Hrubý became involved in various business endeavors. He developed several residence properties in and around his hometown.
In 2014 he, along with the other ESET co-founders, invested € 1.2 million as a seed funding for the Denník N daily. Subsequently, he was a member of the supervisory board of the newspaper.
In 2016, Kusý and his fellow former ESET board member, Maroš Grund, bought the Carlton Hotel in central Bratislava for € 600 million in a join venture with the property developer Erik Mikurčík. The unsuccessful venture resulted in a lengthy legal battle with Mikurčík.
In 2020 Hrubý became the owner of the ice hockey team HC Slovan Bratislava. As the owner of the legendary sports club, he received praise for solving the club's financial problems but was also criticized for poor performances of the club and his opposition to sidelining Russian athletes after the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
In addition, Hrubý also sponsored athletics and car racing competitions. He was a co-owner of the Slovakia Ring racing course.
In 2022, Hrubý donated over € 100,000 eur to Christian Democratic Movement. The party's leader Milan Majerský later admitted the money were donated to support the unsuccessful run of Rudolf Kusý for the Bratislava city major, prompting criticism by the NGOs of lack of transparency of Hrubý's political donations. Hrubý rejected that his donation was intended as funding for Kusý's campaign. ESET's spokesman later issued a statement distancing the company from the conduct of Hrubý.
According to Forbes, Hrubý was the 6th Richest Slovak in 2022 with net worth of € 750 million.
Hrubý died of a stroke on 14 December 2023, at the age of 69. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Rudolf Hrubý (14 April 1954 – 14 December 2023) was a Slovak businessman and investor. He was a co-founder and long-term CFO of the software company ESET.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Rudolf Hrubý was born on 14 April 1954 in Dubnica nad Váhom. He studied theoretical cybernetics at the Comenius University. Following graduation, he started a company developing accounting software. In 1992 he was invited by Miroslav Trnka and Peter Paško, the owners of IT security start up ESET to join their company as a partner.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "From 1992 to 2010 Hrubý was a member of top management of ESET, acting as the CFO. In 2010 he departed the management along with the other co-founders, but retained his 22 per cent share in the company. In an Forbes inteview, Hrubý explained that coming from an IT background, he struggled to understand finance matters at first, but benefited from his experience in developing accounting software to understand the economic aspects of running a business.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Following his exit from the active management of ESET, Hrubý became involved in various business endeavors. He developed several residence properties in and around his hometown.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2014 he, along with the other ESET co-founders, invested € 1.2 million as a seed funding for the Denník N daily. Subsequently, he was a member of the supervisory board of the newspaper.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 2016, Kusý and his fellow former ESET board member, Maroš Grund, bought the Carlton Hotel in central Bratislava for € 600 million in a join venture with the property developer Erik Mikurčík. The unsuccessful venture resulted in a lengthy legal battle with Mikurčík.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 2020 Hrubý became the owner of the ice hockey team HC Slovan Bratislava. As the owner of the legendary sports club, he received praise for solving the club's financial problems but was also criticized for poor performances of the club and his opposition to sidelining Russian athletes after the Russian invasion of Ukraine.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In addition, Hrubý also sponsored athletics and car racing competitions. He was a co-owner of the Slovakia Ring racing course.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In 2022, Hrubý donated over € 100,000 eur to Christian Democratic Movement. The party's leader Milan Majerský later admitted the money were donated to support the unsuccessful run of Rudolf Kusý for the Bratislava city major, prompting criticism by the NGOs of lack of transparency of Hrubý's political donations. Hrubý rejected that his donation was intended as funding for Kusý's campaign. ESET's spokesman later issued a statement distancing the company from the conduct of Hrubý.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "According to Forbes, Hrubý was the 6th Richest Slovak in 2022 with net worth of € 750 million.",
"title": "Wealth"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Hrubý died of a stroke on 14 December 2023, at the age of 69.",
"title": "Death"
}
] | Rudolf Hrubý was a Slovak businessman and investor. He was a co-founder and long-term CFO of the software company ESET. | 2023-12-16T11:26:30Z | 2023-12-19T22:41:14Z | [
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75,577,729 | Jay Gohil | [] | 2023-12-16T11:28:25Z | 2023-12-31T15:52:18Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Gohil |
||
75,577,745 | Bubáci a hastrmani | Bubáci a hastrmani (Spooks and Goblins) is a Czech animated television series from 1999 broadcast as part of Večerníček. The second series was filmed in 2005. The author of the original was the painter and writer Josef Lada, his story was developed into a script by Marie Kšajtová and Eva Povondrová. According to Josef Lady, the creative work was done by Pavel Kubant, Kateřiná Lánská and Jana Hlaváčková. Pavel Kubant directed. Milan Rychecký was the cameraman. The fairy tales were narrated by Josef Somr. A total of 26 episodes of 8 minutes each were filmed.
The series for Czech Television was produced by the ANIFILM studio using the flat panel technique.
The first season is about adventures of ghostly apprentice Bubáček and his friend, a hastrman boy Pulec.
The second season changed format to an anthology series. When Bubáček and Pulec were still small, winters came so bitterly that the shingles on the roofs cracked due to the frost. Back then, neighbors of Syslov met every evening at the mill and told each other fairy tales to pass the long winter. As everyone already knows, people, ghosts and their children live together in the village of Syslov. And it is children who are the most grateful listeners and want to hear a fairy tale every evening. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Bubáci a hastrmani (Spooks and Goblins) is a Czech animated television series from 1999 broadcast as part of Večerníček. The second series was filmed in 2005. The author of the original was the painter and writer Josef Lada, his story was developed into a script by Marie Kšajtová and Eva Povondrová. According to Josef Lady, the creative work was done by Pavel Kubant, Kateřiná Lánská and Jana Hlaváčková. Pavel Kubant directed. Milan Rychecký was the cameraman. The fairy tales were narrated by Josef Somr. A total of 26 episodes of 8 minutes each were filmed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The series for Czech Television was produced by the ANIFILM studio using the flat panel technique.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The first season is about adventures of ghostly apprentice Bubáček and his friend, a hastrman boy Pulec.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The second season changed format to an anthology series. When Bubáček and Pulec were still small, winters came so bitterly that the shingles on the roofs cracked due to the frost. Back then, neighbors of Syslov met every evening at the mill and told each other fairy tales to pass the long winter. As everyone already knows, people, ghosts and their children live together in the village of Syslov. And it is children who are the most grateful listeners and want to hear a fairy tale every evening.",
"title": "Plot"
}
] | Bubáci a hastrmani is a Czech animated television series from 1999 broadcast as part of Večerníček. The second series was filmed in 2005. The author of the original was the painter and writer Josef Lada, his story was developed into a script by Marie Kšajtová and Eva Povondrová. According to Josef Lady, the creative work was done by Pavel Kubant, Kateřiná Lánská and Jana Hlaváčková. Pavel Kubant directed. Milan Rychecký was the cameraman. The fairy tales were narrated by Josef Somr. A total of 26 episodes of 8 minutes each were filmed. The series for Czech Television was produced by the ANIFILM studio using the flat panel technique. | 2023-12-16T11:32:11Z | 2023-12-16T12:59:08Z | [
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75,577,752 | Beauty Is Enough | [] | 2023-12-16T11:32:43Z | 2023-12-28T06:33:40Z | [
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||
75,577,759 | Owl Song | Owl Song is a 2023 studio album by American jazz trumpeter Ambrose Akinmusire, with Bill Frisell and Herlin Riley. It has received positive reviews from critics.
Editors at AllMusic rated this album 4.5 out of 5 stars, with critic Matt Collar writing that "Akinmusire enters into a warm, intentionally spare collaboration with veteran icons guitarist Bill Frisell and drummer Herlin Riley" that blends the musicians' signature styles with an "intense intimacy [that] feels intentional". DownBeat's Frank Alkyer rated this release 5 out of 5 stars, characterizing it as "nothing short of stunning" and "one of the most interesting recordings to come along in a very long time by one of the most interesting artists of our time". Mike Hobart of Financial Times rated this release 4 out of 5 stars for the ensemble's minimalism and having "tempi [that] are unhurried, textures [that are] nuanced and melodies clearly stated, though somewhat oblique". Owl Song was the jazz album of the month in The Guardian, where John Fordham gave it 4 out of 5 stars, ending "as befits the title, Owl Song doesn’t raise its voice much, but what it quietly says is joyously vivid, even spine-tingling". Phillip Watson declared this one of the jazz albums of the year in The Irish Times, where he gave it 4.5 out of 5 stars and stated that "this triumvirate do so much with seemingly so little". Larry Blumenfeld of The Wall Street Journal called the "unlikely" trio "three musicians confident enough of their standing to resist urges to flash technique, and humble enough to listen intently to one another as they shape music along emotional lines" whose collaboration resulted in "an alluring calm throughout the album and an unrestrained flow that defies style". | [
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},
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"text": "Editors at AllMusic rated this album 4.5 out of 5 stars, with critic Matt Collar writing that \"Akinmusire enters into a warm, intentionally spare collaboration with veteran icons guitarist Bill Frisell and drummer Herlin Riley\" that blends the musicians' signature styles with an \"intense intimacy [that] feels intentional\". DownBeat's Frank Alkyer rated this release 5 out of 5 stars, characterizing it as \"nothing short of stunning\" and \"one of the most interesting recordings to come along in a very long time by one of the most interesting artists of our time\". Mike Hobart of Financial Times rated this release 4 out of 5 stars for the ensemble's minimalism and having \"tempi [that] are unhurried, textures [that are] nuanced and melodies clearly stated, though somewhat oblique\". Owl Song was the jazz album of the month in The Guardian, where John Fordham gave it 4 out of 5 stars, ending \"as befits the title, Owl Song doesn’t raise its voice much, but what it quietly says is joyously vivid, even spine-tingling\". Phillip Watson declared this one of the jazz albums of the year in The Irish Times, where he gave it 4.5 out of 5 stars and stated that \"this triumvirate do so much with seemingly so little\". Larry Blumenfeld of The Wall Street Journal called the \"unlikely\" trio \"three musicians confident enough of their standing to resist urges to flash technique, and humble enough to listen intently to one another as they shape music along emotional lines\" whose collaboration resulted in \"an alluring calm throughout the album and an unrestrained flow that defies style\".",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Owl Song is a 2023 studio album by American jazz trumpeter Ambrose Akinmusire, with Bill Frisell and Herlin Riley. It has received positive reviews from critics. | 2023-12-16T11:34:04Z | 2023-12-29T14:20:22Z | [
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75,577,781 | Singet fröhlich im Advent | "Singet fröhlich im Advent" (Sing merrily in Advent) is a Christian hymn with German text and a melody by Gottfried Neubert written in 1977. The song is part of the German Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch.
Gottfried Neubert [de] wrote the text and melody of "Singet fröhlich im Advent" in 1977. In the Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch, it is EG 536. It is part of several songbooks.
The song is based on a prophecy, Isaiah 40:3, and a verse from the Gospel of Luke, Luke 3:4. It is in five stanzas of four lines each. The first stanza calls to sing merrily in Advent and let go of mourning. Stanzas two to four call more precisely to sing of hope, peace and love. The final stanza repeats the first call, adding thanks. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "\"Singet fröhlich im Advent\" (Sing merrily in Advent) is a Christian hymn with German text and a melody by Gottfried Neubert written in 1977. The song is part of the German Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Gottfried Neubert [de] wrote the text and melody of \"Singet fröhlich im Advent\" in 1977. In the Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch, it is EG 536. It is part of several songbooks.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The song is based on a prophecy, Isaiah 40:3, and a verse from the Gospel of Luke, Luke 3:4. It is in five stanzas of four lines each. The first stanza calls to sing merrily in Advent and let go of mourning. Stanzas two to four call more precisely to sing of hope, peace and love. The final stanza repeats the first call, adding thanks.",
"title": "Theme and music"
}
] | "Singet fröhlich im Advent" is a Christian hymn with German text and a melody by Gottfried Neubert written in 1977. The song is part of the German Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch. | 2023-12-16T11:41:23Z | 2023-12-16T12:24:27Z | [
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75,577,787 | Pick-Up Full of Pink Carnations | Pick-Up Full of Pink Carnations is the upcoming sixth studio album by English indie rock band the Vaccines. It is set to be released on 12 January 2024 through Thirty Tigers and Super Easy. It marks the first studio album following the departure of guitarist Freddie Cowan.
The album title Pick-Up Full of Pink Carnations was inspired by the lyrics to "American Pie" (1971) by Don McLean. According to frontman Justin Young, he was living in Los Angeles when writing the record and could relate to several sentiments expressed by McLean on the song. His "understanding of what the real West Coast of America was" after largely growing up on American pop culture has died. After "various" of his relationships came to an end, Young determined that the title should be about "the loss of dreams".
Ahead of the creative process, Young explained that the band knew they were "ready to make another record" but were unsure of how it should "sound and feel". The first day in the studio also saw the creation of the fourth single "Love to Walk Away" which would set the tone for subsequent sessions. He described the song as the sonic and thematic "direction" for the album. The Vaccines teamed up with producer Andrew Wells and recorded the album in his home studio in the Hollywood Hills, a place Young thought was a "very inspiring, exciting place to be every day". The project came out "more cohesive than most [of our] records in terms of songs, but sound as well", feeling like they achieved what they "set out to achieve".
Following the album release, The Vaccines are set to embark on 16-date North American tour with the Kooks, starting on 29 February 2024 in Atlanta. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Pick-Up Full of Pink Carnations is the upcoming sixth studio album by English indie rock band the Vaccines. It is set to be released on 12 January 2024 through Thirty Tigers and Super Easy. It marks the first studio album following the departure of guitarist Freddie Cowan.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "The album title Pick-Up Full of Pink Carnations was inspired by the lyrics to \"American Pie\" (1971) by Don McLean. According to frontman Justin Young, he was living in Los Angeles when writing the record and could relate to several sentiments expressed by McLean on the song. His \"understanding of what the real West Coast of America was\" after largely growing up on American pop culture has died. After \"various\" of his relationships came to an end, Young determined that the title should be about \"the loss of dreams\".",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Ahead of the creative process, Young explained that the band knew they were \"ready to make another record\" but were unsure of how it should \"sound and feel\". The first day in the studio also saw the creation of the fourth single \"Love to Walk Away\" which would set the tone for subsequent sessions. He described the song as the sonic and thematic \"direction\" for the album. The Vaccines teamed up with producer Andrew Wells and recorded the album in his home studio in the Hollywood Hills, a place Young thought was a \"very inspiring, exciting place to be every day\". The project came out \"more cohesive than most [of our] records in terms of songs, but sound as well\", feeling like they achieved what they \"set out to achieve\".",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Following the album release, The Vaccines are set to embark on 16-date North American tour with the Kooks, starting on 29 February 2024 in Atlanta.",
"title": "Promotion"
}
] | Pick-Up Full of Pink Carnations is the upcoming sixth studio album by English indie rock band the Vaccines. It is set to be released on 12 January 2024 through Thirty Tigers and Super Easy. It marks the first studio album following the departure of guitarist Freddie Cowan. | 2023-12-16T11:42:28Z | 2023-12-17T21:16:58Z | [
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75,577,795 | Mihai Toma | Mihai Toma (born 17 February 2007) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga I club FCSB. | [
{
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"text": "Mihai Toma (born 17 February 2007) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga I club FCSB.",
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] | Mihai Toma is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga I club FCSB. | 2023-12-16T11:43:40Z | 2023-12-18T15:18:32Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihai_Toma |
75,577,806 | Sarosh, Rahovec | Sarosh is a village in Kosovo in Rahovec, Gjakova district. Sarosh is situated nearby to the villages Dabidol and Qifllak. The village was mentioned in the Ottoman defter in the year 1591 with 36 households and was inhabited by a Christian Albanian population | [
{
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"text": "Sarosh is a village in Kosovo in Rahovec, Gjakova district. Sarosh is situated nearby to the villages Dabidol and Qifllak. The village was mentioned in the Ottoman defter in the year 1591 with 36 households and was inhabited by a Christian Albanian population",
"title": ""
}
] | Sarosh is a village in Kosovo in Rahovec, Gjakova district. Sarosh is situated nearby to the villages Dabidol and Qifllak. The village was mentioned in the Ottoman defter in the year 1591 with 36 households and was inhabited by a Christian Albanian population | 2023-12-16T11:45:04Z | 2023-12-21T01:09:58Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarosh,_Rahovec |
75,577,815 | Sangay Tsheltrim | Sangay Tsheltrim (born 10 March 1982) is a Bhutanese actor and a retired army officer who previously served as the Captain of the Royal Bodyguard of Bhutan.
Tsheltrim works predominantly in both the Bhutanese as well as Hindi films. He first worked in his debut Bhutanese film Singye (trans. Lion), which was a commercial success. He made his Bollywood debut with Salman Khan, starring in the film Radhe. He also worked alongside Shah Rukh Khan in Jawan as a police officer, Jiju. He was a lead actor in Haider Khan directed documentary film Rohingya - People from Nowhere. In 2023, he acted in his second home-coming Bhutanese film, Lingpon (trans. Soldier), which was a massive hit in the country, also directed by Haider Khan in his Bhutanese directorial debut. | [
{
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"text": "Sangay Tsheltrim (born 10 March 1982) is a Bhutanese actor and a retired army officer who previously served as the Captain of the Royal Bodyguard of Bhutan.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Tsheltrim works predominantly in both the Bhutanese as well as Hindi films. He first worked in his debut Bhutanese film Singye (trans. Lion), which was a commercial success. He made his Bollywood debut with Salman Khan, starring in the film Radhe. He also worked alongside Shah Rukh Khan in Jawan as a police officer, Jiju. He was a lead actor in Haider Khan directed documentary film Rohingya - People from Nowhere. In 2023, he acted in his second home-coming Bhutanese film, Lingpon (trans. Soldier), which was a massive hit in the country, also directed by Haider Khan in his Bhutanese directorial debut.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Sangay Tsheltrim is a Bhutanese actor and a retired army officer who previously served as the Captain of the Royal Bodyguard of Bhutan. | 2023-12-16T11:46:14Z | 2023-12-27T10:50:52Z | [
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75,577,831 | Barometer Mountain | Barometer Mountain is a 2,506-foot-elevation (764-meter) summit in Alaska.
Barometer Mountain is located six miles (9.7 km) southwest of Kodiak on the northeast coast of Kodiak Island. It ranks as the 10th-highest peak on the island, and it is considered Kodiak’s most popular mountain. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north into Buskin Lake, east to the Buskin River, and south to Devils Creek. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 2,200 feet (671 meters) above Devils Creek in 0.85 miles (1.37 km) and the summit is one mile (1.6 km) from the end of a runway at Kodiak Airport. On November 8, 1988, an F-15C from the 21st Tactical Fighter Wing crashed in low visibility into Barometer Mountain and the pilot was killed. The mountain's descriptive name was applied in 1867 by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey because the behavior of fog and clouds forming on the mountain was said to be predictive of approaching weather. The toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names.
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Barometer Mountain is located in a subpolar oceanic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Weather systems coming off the North Pacific are forced upwards by the mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop to 0 °F with wind chill factors below −10 °F. | [
{
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"text": "Barometer Mountain is a 2,506-foot-elevation (764-meter) summit in Alaska.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Barometer Mountain is located six miles (9.7 km) southwest of Kodiak on the northeast coast of Kodiak Island. It ranks as the 10th-highest peak on the island, and it is considered Kodiak’s most popular mountain. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north into Buskin Lake, east to the Buskin River, and south to Devils Creek. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 2,200 feet (671 meters) above Devils Creek in 0.85 miles (1.37 km) and the summit is one mile (1.6 km) from the end of a runway at Kodiak Airport. On November 8, 1988, an F-15C from the 21st Tactical Fighter Wing crashed in low visibility into Barometer Mountain and the pilot was killed. The mountain's descriptive name was applied in 1867 by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey because the behavior of fog and clouds forming on the mountain was said to be predictive of approaching weather. The toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "According to the Köppen climate classification system, Barometer Mountain is located in a subpolar oceanic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Weather systems coming off the North Pacific are forced upwards by the mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop to 0 °F with wind chill factors below −10 °F.",
"title": "Climate"
}
] | Barometer Mountain is a 2,506-foot-elevation (764-meter) summit in Alaska. | 2023-12-16T11:48:30Z | 2023-12-17T07:09:29Z | [
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75,577,843 | Varanasi–New Delhi Vande Bharat Express | The 22415/22416 Varanasi - New Delhi Vande Bharat Express is India's 35th Vande Bharat Express train, connecting the city of Varanasi with the capital city of India, New Delhi. This will be the 2nd Vande Bharat Express train which will run on the New Delhi-Varanasi train line after 15 February 2019.
This express train was inaugurated on 18 December 2023 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi from Varanasi's Barki village who was welcomed by Yogi Adityanath, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.
This train is operated by Indian Railways, connecting Varanasi Jn, Prayagraj (Allahabad) Jn, Kanpur Ctrl and New Delhi. It is currently operated with train numbers 22415/22416 on 6 days a week basis.
It is the thirty-fifth 2nd Generation Vande Bharat Express train which was designed and manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory at Perambur, Chennai under the Make in India Initiative.
The 22415/22416 Varanasi - New Delhi Vande Bharat Express has currently 14 AC Chair Car and 2 Executive Chair Car coaches. The coaches in Aqua color indicate AC Chair Cars and the coaches in Pink color indicate AC Executive Chair Cars.
The 22415/22416 Varanasi - New Delhi Vande Bharat Express operates 6 days a week, covering a distance of 755 km (469 mi) in a travel time of 08hrs 05mins with average speed of 94 km/h. The Maximum Permissible Speed (MPS) given is 130 km/h.
The schedule of this 22415/22416 Varanasi - New Delhi Vande Bharat Express is given below:- | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 22415/22416 Varanasi - New Delhi Vande Bharat Express is India's 35th Vande Bharat Express train, connecting the city of Varanasi with the capital city of India, New Delhi. This will be the 2nd Vande Bharat Express train which will run on the New Delhi-Varanasi train line after 15 February 2019.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "This express train was inaugurated on 18 December 2023 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi from Varanasi's Barki village who was welcomed by Yogi Adityanath, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "This train is operated by Indian Railways, connecting Varanasi Jn, Prayagraj (Allahabad) Jn, Kanpur Ctrl and New Delhi. It is currently operated with train numbers 22415/22416 on 6 days a week basis.",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "It is the thirty-fifth 2nd Generation Vande Bharat Express train which was designed and manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory at Perambur, Chennai under the Make in India Initiative.",
"title": "Rakes"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The 22415/22416 Varanasi - New Delhi Vande Bharat Express has currently 14 AC Chair Car and 2 Executive Chair Car coaches. The coaches in Aqua color indicate AC Chair Cars and the coaches in Pink color indicate AC Executive Chair Cars.",
"title": "Coach composition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The 22415/22416 Varanasi - New Delhi Vande Bharat Express operates 6 days a week, covering a distance of 755 km (469 mi) in a travel time of 08hrs 05mins with average speed of 94 km/h. The Maximum Permissible Speed (MPS) given is 130 km/h.",
"title": "Service"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The schedule of this 22415/22416 Varanasi - New Delhi Vande Bharat Express is given below:-",
"title": "Schedule"
}
] | The 22415/22416 Varanasi - New Delhi Vande Bharat Express is India's 35th Vande Bharat Express train, connecting the city of Varanasi with the capital city of India, New Delhi. This will be the 2nd Vande Bharat Express train which will run on the New Delhi-Varanasi train line after 15 February 2019. This express train was inaugurated on 18 December 2023 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi from Varanasi's Barki village who was welcomed by Yogi Adityanath, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. | 2023-12-16T11:50:12Z | 2023-12-30T07:00:33Z | [
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75,577,951 | Anthogona britannica | Anthogona britannica is a species of millipede in the genus Anthogona, endemic to the British Isles, where it is nationally rare and has an International Union for Conservation of Nature status of "near threatened".
According to the British Myriapod and Isopod Group, adults are no longer than 7mm, brown, "with distinct paranota on the side of the body and eyes comprising about 10 to 12 well-pigmented ommatidi".
The species was described by Steve J. Gregory, Richard E. Jones and Jean-Paul Mauriès in 1993, from type specimens found at Slapton Ley, Devon, in 1983 and further specimens collected in 1992. All known sightings have been in south Devon. It is the only millipede known to be endemic in Britain. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Anthogona britannica is a species of millipede in the genus Anthogona, endemic to the British Isles, where it is nationally rare and has an International Union for Conservation of Nature status of \"near threatened\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "According to the British Myriapod and Isopod Group, adults are no longer than 7mm, brown, \"with distinct paranota on the side of the body and eyes comprising about 10 to 12 well-pigmented ommatidi\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The species was described by Steve J. Gregory, Richard E. Jones and Jean-Paul Mauriès in 1993, from type specimens found at Slapton Ley, Devon, in 1983 and further specimens collected in 1992. All known sightings have been in south Devon. It is the only millipede known to be endemic in Britain.",
"title": ""
}
] | Anthogona britannica is a species of millipede in the genus Anthogona, endemic to the British Isles, where it is nationally rare and has an International Union for Conservation of Nature status of "near threatened". According to the British Myriapod and Isopod Group, adults are no longer than 7mm, brown, "with distinct paranota on the side of the body and eyes comprising about 10 to 12 well-pigmented ommatidi". The species was described by Steve J. Gregory, Richard E. Jones and Jean-Paul Mauriès in 1993, from type specimens found at Slapton Ley, Devon, in 1983 and further specimens collected in 1992. All known sightings have been in south Devon. It is the only millipede known to be endemic in Britain. | 2023-12-16T12:16:16Z | 2023-12-21T15:34:06Z | [
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75,577,963 | Pimpri Chinchwad Science Park | Pimpri Chinchwad Science Park is a science center in Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, India built by the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation in 2013. The complex houses a Science Centre, museum, an art gallery, an auditorium, an Amphitheatre and a planetarium.
The science centre forms the main part of the complex. It houses a Fun Science Gallery which shows science exhibits. The centre is divided into 7 core areas that are: | [
{
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"text": "Pimpri Chinchwad Science Park is a science center in Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, India built by the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation in 2013. The complex houses a Science Centre, museum, an art gallery, an auditorium, an Amphitheatre and a planetarium.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The science centre forms the main part of the complex. It houses a Fun Science Gallery which shows science exhibits. The centre is divided into 7 core areas that are:",
"title": "Science Centre"
}
] | Pimpri Chinchwad Science Park is a science center in Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, India built by the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation in 2013. The complex houses a Science Centre, museum, an art gallery, an auditorium, an Amphitheatre and a planetarium. | 2023-12-16T12:18:48Z | 2023-12-22T18:55:39Z | [
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75,577,969 | 2022 European Women's Handball Championship bidding process | The 2022 European Women's Handball Championship bidding process entails the bids for the 2022 European Women's Handball Championship. The winners were Slovenia, Macedonia and Montenegro.
The bidding timeline was as follows:
On 4 May 2017 it was announced that the following nations had sent in an official expression of interest:
However, when the deadline for submitting the final bids was over, the following applications had been received:
Macedonia tried to bid by themselves originally, but would later join up with their Balkan neighbors from Slovenia and Montenegro. President of the Macedonian federation, Zhivko Mukaetov, was quoted saying:
"I am also optimistic about the 2022 European chamionship organisation. The idea is to perform together and try to bring the championship to Skopje, Ljubljana and Podgorica. I think the performance together, regionally, obviously produces results and I think we have not good chances, but great chances to organize it. It will be a big plus for Macedonia, I think we will affirm the country and handball in a very positive way. Women's handball is currently has lower development than the male counterpart, so this will be an injection to get a level at least close to men's handball".
Throughout early 2018, they further promoted their bid, including going to Croatia for the 2018 European Men's Handball Championship. Their slogan is We Can Handball.
The main round would be in Skopje and Ljubljana, with the final weekend at Arena Stožice in Ljubljana.
Russia had originally stated an interest in bidding for the event, but decided to bid for 2024 instead. Although they would withdraw their interest from that event also.
On the 20 June 2018, Slovenia, Macedonia and Montenegro won the hosting rights. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2022 European Women's Handball Championship bidding process entails the bids for the 2022 European Women's Handball Championship. The winners were Slovenia, Macedonia and Montenegro.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "The bidding timeline was as follows:",
"title": "Bidding timeline"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On 4 May 2017 it was announced that the following nations had sent in an official expression of interest:",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "However, when the deadline for submitting the final bids was over, the following applications had been received:",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Macedonia tried to bid by themselves originally, but would later join up with their Balkan neighbors from Slovenia and Montenegro. President of the Macedonian federation, Zhivko Mukaetov, was quoted saying:",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "\"I am also optimistic about the 2022 European chamionship organisation. The idea is to perform together and try to bring the championship to Skopje, Ljubljana and Podgorica. I think the performance together, regionally, obviously produces results and I think we have not good chances, but great chances to organize it. It will be a big plus for Macedonia, I think we will affirm the country and handball in a very positive way. Women's handball is currently has lower development than the male counterpart, so this will be an injection to get a level at least close to men's handball\".",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Throughout early 2018, they further promoted their bid, including going to Croatia for the 2018 European Men's Handball Championship. Their slogan is We Can Handball.",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The main round would be in Skopje and Ljubljana, with the final weekend at Arena Stožice in Ljubljana.",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Russia had originally stated an interest in bidding for the event, but decided to bid for 2024 instead. Although they would withdraw their interest from that event also.",
"title": "Withdrawn bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "On the 20 June 2018, Slovenia, Macedonia and Montenegro won the hosting rights.",
"title": "Host selection"
}
] | The 2022 European Women's Handball Championship bidding process entails the bids for the 2022 European Women's Handball Championship. The winners were Slovenia, Macedonia and Montenegro. | 2023-12-16T12:20:39Z | 2023-12-25T09:54:10Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_European_Women%27s_Handball_Championship_bidding_process |
75,577,973 | Central London Ophthalmic Hospital | Central London Ophthalmic Hospital, London was a hospital in Gray's Inn Road, London.
Originally the hospital was opened in 1843 as Central London Ophthalmic Institution in a house near to Brunswick Square. In 1848 it moved to 238a Gray's Inn Road, was renamed as the Central London Ophthalmic Hospital and had 12 beds. By 1900 the hospital was overcrowded and an extension was built giving the facility 28 beds. It was decided to rebuild and in 1913 the Duchess of Albany opened the new hospital at 41 Judd Street, London. Eventually the hospital had 40 beds, and during the First World War cared for service men. In 1947 the hospital amalgamated with the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital and the Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital and was renamed as the Central Branch of the Moorfields, Westminster and Central Eye Hospital. Following the creation of the NHS it became to the Institute of Ophthalmology, and is now situated near to Moorfields.
Two matrons of the eye hospital had both worked and trained at The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London under Eva Luckes: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Central London Ophthalmic Hospital, London was a hospital in Gray's Inn Road, London.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Originally the hospital was opened in 1843 as Central London Ophthalmic Institution in a house near to Brunswick Square. In 1848 it moved to 238a Gray's Inn Road, was renamed as the Central London Ophthalmic Hospital and had 12 beds. By 1900 the hospital was overcrowded and an extension was built giving the facility 28 beds. It was decided to rebuild and in 1913 the Duchess of Albany opened the new hospital at 41 Judd Street, London. Eventually the hospital had 40 beds, and during the First World War cared for service men. In 1947 the hospital amalgamated with the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital and the Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital and was renamed as the Central Branch of the Moorfields, Westminster and Central Eye Hospital. Following the creation of the NHS it became to the Institute of Ophthalmology, and is now situated near to Moorfields.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Two matrons of the eye hospital had both worked and trained at The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London under Eva Luckes:",
"title": "Notable staff"
}
] | Central London Ophthalmic Hospital, London was a hospital in Gray's Inn Road, London. | 2023-12-16T12:21:58Z | 2023-12-18T15:50:56Z | [
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"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox hospital",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_London_Ophthalmic_Hospital |
75,578,022 | 2024 TCR World Tour | The 2024 FIA Kumho TCR World Tour will be the second season of the TCR World Tour, an international touring car racing competition for TCR cars. Effectively succeeding the WTCR series, it will also be the tenth season of international TCR competition dating back to the 2015 TCR International Series.
The season will consist of nine events selected from a number of TCR series worldwide, and will determine 15 of the drivers to qualify for the end-of-year TCR World Ranking Final, where the overall TCR world champion will be determined.
The championship will be contested over nine rounds in Europe, Asia, Oceania, North America, South America and Africa. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 FIA Kumho TCR World Tour will be the second season of the TCR World Tour, an international touring car racing competition for TCR cars. Effectively succeeding the WTCR series, it will also be the tenth season of international TCR competition dating back to the 2015 TCR International Series.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The season will consist of nine events selected from a number of TCR series worldwide, and will determine 15 of the drivers to qualify for the end-of-year TCR World Ranking Final, where the overall TCR world champion will be determined.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The championship will be contested over nine rounds in Europe, Asia, Oceania, North America, South America and Africa.",
"title": "Calendar"
}
] | The 2024 FIA Kumho TCR World Tour will be the second season of the TCR World Tour, an international touring car racing competition for TCR cars. Effectively succeeding the WTCR series, it will also be the tenth season of international TCR competition dating back to the 2015 TCR International Series. The season will consist of nine events selected from a number of TCR series worldwide, and will determine 15 of the drivers to qualify for the end-of-year TCR World Ranking Final, where the overall TCR world champion will be determined. | 2023-12-16T12:42:14Z | 2023-12-30T21:48:03Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_TCR_World_Tour |
75,578,025 | Mohinder Singh Chopra | Major General Mohindar Singh Chopra (1907–1990) was an Indian Army General Officer who was the Brigadier in charge of stopping the Partition Riots in Punjab and Bengal. He stopped riots and genocides from taking place with military prowess and made sure that the Indian Army remained a secular fighting force- true to its ideals of protection and peace.
As the Brigadier he was responsible for a peaceful, voluntary flow of migration and stopping riots from both sides. He had managed to do a referendum in Sylhet, East Pakistan and stopped riots in Amritsar-Lahore along with the rest of Punjab after the Partition of the British Indian Army.
After retirement he became India's Ambassador to the Philippines and Taipai (as Taiwan was known). Later, he was Director, National Institute of Sports, Patiala.
Mohindar Singh Chopra was born to a Sikh background in Amritsar, and at an early age was selected for military training as an 'A' recruit.
Chopra, as a young subaltern freshly commissioned from the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, had joined his first Regiment, the Royal Fusiliers of the British Indian Army, on a year's attachment in 1928. He was a King's Commissioned Officer. His army career progressed steadily, he saw action on the North West Frontier Province with the 1st Bn. 7th Rajput Regiment at Bannu after which he was posted to his permanent regiment, the 6th Royal Bn, 13th Frontier Force Rifles (Scinde) as part of the elite "PIFFER Group", the legendry "Black Puttees" as they were known. They helped to keep the peace on the turbulent North West Frontiers, with their wild and warlike Pathan tribesmen.
Various professional courses were attended but Mohindar Singh Chopra excelled in army physical training (being a Sandhurst blue for Athletics) and he was sent for advanced courses to Aldershot just before World War II broke out.
He was sent as part of the British Indian Army Head Command to secure the area from Iraqi rebels. The region fell under the indirect occupation of the British Raj at the time hence he administrated and sent communications from Iraq to India.
Mohindar Singh Chopra then served with the Fourteenth Army (United Kingdom) on the Assam-Burma front. He was a company commander of a war he raised battalion of the 13 Frontier Force Rifles, operating deep behind Japanese lines in the Burma Campaign. He had beaten back the Japanese forces in the Arakan Jungles and was promoted to Lt Colonel by the British Indian Army for his service.
He was sent to North Africa in 1944, although he did not see any military service in the region.
In the region of Bengal, there were barely any riots, excepting the Noakhali riots and Direct Action Day, due to the presence of Mohindar Singh Chopra organized army, Sylforce (Sylhet Force) in the area. He prevented any riots or armed violence during the Sylhet Referendum despite massive religious tension in the area. The Sylhet Referendum concluded on 6 July 1947 with most of the region joining East Pakistan. He stayed till early August and then left to Delhi.
In Delhi, in September 1947, he had started to chalk out a plan to Partition the British Indian Army into the newly formed Pakistani Army and Indian Army. They settled on the battalions moving from and to India/Pakistan along with the transportation. He also helped Muslims settle in tents in Delhi near Humayun's Tomb and the Red Fort.
During his time in Bengal he had written to Master Tara Singh, Jathedar Mohan Singh Tur and other Akali leaders to keep peace in the area- although that was not the case. In Punjab around 800,000 Muslims from East Punjab and the rest of India died trying to reach the Western side, whereas around 200,000 Hindus and 50,000 Sikhs also died in riots in Pothohar. For three months (October–December) Mohindar Singh Chopra commanded the 123 Indian Infantry Brigade to stop the riots going on in Punjab. His brigade was able to stop various riots across the region by Muslims and Sikhs against each other, in early 1947 he alone had convinced a Sikh jatha of 500 to stop rioting in peace by asking them to live in mutual brotherhood.
He and his counterpart and former associate, Brigadier Nasir Ahmad, had devised a plan to create a joint checkpost to make sure that the border is created. They both founded the famous Wagah-Attari Border which, at that time, was 3 drums on each side and a line of chalk drawn on the Grand Trunk Road. Visitors can still see a plaque at the bottom of the flagstaff at the check post which bears the words: “Foundation stone of this flag staff was laid by Brig Mohinder Singh Chopra on 11th Oct 1947”.
Pakistan, before the 1947 Indo-Pakistan War, also tried to infiltrate East Punjab like they did in Kashmir although he had cleverly foiled their plan by creating checkposts along the border to capture them. He later invited Jawaharlal Nehru for a parade in Gobindgarh Fort, Amritsar to inspire the people that Punjab would be safe, he stayed there till 1948.
In late 1949 he was promoted to Major General and given the responsibility to resurrect the famous 5th Infantry Division, then scattered along most of North and Eastern India. The 5th Division was built up into a formidable fighting force and mobilized twice for the border crisis of 1950–51 after Tibet was being taken over by China. In 1950 he was given the singular honor of being appointed Colonel-in-Chief of the 5th Royal Gurkhas Rifles (Frontier Force) being then and remaining the senior Piffer in the Sub-Continent. In 1953 he took over as GOC 20th Infantry Division, the last Division to have troops stationed in Tibet.
In 1952 the Devon Plane Crash could have wiped out the entire top brass of the Indian Army, although they miraculously survived. Among them were the then GOC-in-C, Western Command, Lt Gen SM Shrinagesh, Maj Gen KS Thimayya, Maj Gen SPP Thorat (later GOC-in-C, Eastern Command), Maj Gen Sardanand Singh, Maj Gen Mohinder Singh Chopra and Brig Ajaib Singh. Shrinagesh, who died in December 1977, wrote, "I gazed out of the cabin window and saw flames coming out of the engine. The plane could explode the moment the fire reached the fuel system." Flt Lt S Biswas was attempting desperately to extinguish the fire when suddenly the plane flipped and plunged down to almost 4000 feet." In Shrinagesh's own words, "We disembarked from the plane unscathed, apparently in order of precedence, and walked to the nearest village a couple of miles away. We obtained a lift from the village to the main Lucknow road in the only means of conveyance available – a bullock cart!"
Major General Mohindar Singh Chopra retired from the Indian Army in 1955.
He became the first Ambassador from India to the Philippines in 1955 itself and held the position till 1959. Due to his arrival, for the first time, the Cabinet meeting was held in the Malacañang state dining hall. For a short time he became the Ambassador to Taiwan as well in the 1960s. After a few years of civilian life, from 17 July 1964 to 30 April 1967 he was Director of National Institute of Sports in Patiala. In 1988 he was invited to Manchester where he formed the Jullundur Brigade Association between India (5th Battalion, Sikh Regiment), Pakistan (1st Battalion the Frontier Force Regiment) and Great Britain (1st Battalion, Kings Regiment).
"There is something unique and central in the faiths that the men in arms professed- to have been made incumbent upon men of different religions (Christian, Sikh, Hindu) to have lived, fought and died together."
He passed away in New Delhi at the age of 84. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Major General Mohindar Singh Chopra (1907–1990) was an Indian Army General Officer who was the Brigadier in charge of stopping the Partition Riots in Punjab and Bengal. He stopped riots and genocides from taking place with military prowess and made sure that the Indian Army remained a secular fighting force- true to its ideals of protection and peace.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As the Brigadier he was responsible for a peaceful, voluntary flow of migration and stopping riots from both sides. He had managed to do a referendum in Sylhet, East Pakistan and stopped riots in Amritsar-Lahore along with the rest of Punjab after the Partition of the British Indian Army.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "After retirement he became India's Ambassador to the Philippines and Taipai (as Taiwan was known). Later, he was Director, National Institute of Sports, Patiala.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Mohindar Singh Chopra was born to a Sikh background in Amritsar, and at an early age was selected for military training as an 'A' recruit.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Chopra, as a young subaltern freshly commissioned from the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, had joined his first Regiment, the Royal Fusiliers of the British Indian Army, on a year's attachment in 1928. He was a King's Commissioned Officer. His army career progressed steadily, he saw action on the North West Frontier Province with the 1st Bn. 7th Rajput Regiment at Bannu after which he was posted to his permanent regiment, the 6th Royal Bn, 13th Frontier Force Rifles (Scinde) as part of the elite \"PIFFER Group\", the legendry \"Black Puttees\" as they were known. They helped to keep the peace on the turbulent North West Frontiers, with their wild and warlike Pathan tribesmen.",
"title": "Army career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Various professional courses were attended but Mohindar Singh Chopra excelled in army physical training (being a Sandhurst blue for Athletics) and he was sent for advanced courses to Aldershot just before World War II broke out.",
"title": "Army career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "He was sent as part of the British Indian Army Head Command to secure the area from Iraqi rebels. The region fell under the indirect occupation of the British Raj at the time hence he administrated and sent communications from Iraq to India.",
"title": "Army career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Mohindar Singh Chopra then served with the Fourteenth Army (United Kingdom) on the Assam-Burma front. He was a company commander of a war he raised battalion of the 13 Frontier Force Rifles, operating deep behind Japanese lines in the Burma Campaign. He had beaten back the Japanese forces in the Arakan Jungles and was promoted to Lt Colonel by the British Indian Army for his service.",
"title": "Army career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "He was sent to North Africa in 1944, although he did not see any military service in the region.",
"title": "Army career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In the region of Bengal, there were barely any riots, excepting the Noakhali riots and Direct Action Day, due to the presence of Mohindar Singh Chopra organized army, Sylforce (Sylhet Force) in the area. He prevented any riots or armed violence during the Sylhet Referendum despite massive religious tension in the area. The Sylhet Referendum concluded on 6 July 1947 with most of the region joining East Pakistan. He stayed till early August and then left to Delhi.",
"title": "Army career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "In Delhi, in September 1947, he had started to chalk out a plan to Partition the British Indian Army into the newly formed Pakistani Army and Indian Army. They settled on the battalions moving from and to India/Pakistan along with the transportation. He also helped Muslims settle in tents in Delhi near Humayun's Tomb and the Red Fort.",
"title": "Army career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "During his time in Bengal he had written to Master Tara Singh, Jathedar Mohan Singh Tur and other Akali leaders to keep peace in the area- although that was not the case. In Punjab around 800,000 Muslims from East Punjab and the rest of India died trying to reach the Western side, whereas around 200,000 Hindus and 50,000 Sikhs also died in riots in Pothohar. For three months (October–December) Mohindar Singh Chopra commanded the 123 Indian Infantry Brigade to stop the riots going on in Punjab. His brigade was able to stop various riots across the region by Muslims and Sikhs against each other, in early 1947 he alone had convinced a Sikh jatha of 500 to stop rioting in peace by asking them to live in mutual brotherhood.",
"title": "Army career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "He and his counterpart and former associate, Brigadier Nasir Ahmad, had devised a plan to create a joint checkpost to make sure that the border is created. They both founded the famous Wagah-Attari Border which, at that time, was 3 drums on each side and a line of chalk drawn on the Grand Trunk Road. Visitors can still see a plaque at the bottom of the flagstaff at the check post which bears the words: “Foundation stone of this flag staff was laid by Brig Mohinder Singh Chopra on 11th Oct 1947”.",
"title": "Army career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Pakistan, before the 1947 Indo-Pakistan War, also tried to infiltrate East Punjab like they did in Kashmir although he had cleverly foiled their plan by creating checkposts along the border to capture them. He later invited Jawaharlal Nehru for a parade in Gobindgarh Fort, Amritsar to inspire the people that Punjab would be safe, he stayed there till 1948.",
"title": "Army career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In late 1949 he was promoted to Major General and given the responsibility to resurrect the famous 5th Infantry Division, then scattered along most of North and Eastern India. The 5th Division was built up into a formidable fighting force and mobilized twice for the border crisis of 1950–51 after Tibet was being taken over by China. In 1950 he was given the singular honor of being appointed Colonel-in-Chief of the 5th Royal Gurkhas Rifles (Frontier Force) being then and remaining the senior Piffer in the Sub-Continent. In 1953 he took over as GOC 20th Infantry Division, the last Division to have troops stationed in Tibet.",
"title": "Army career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "In 1952 the Devon Plane Crash could have wiped out the entire top brass of the Indian Army, although they miraculously survived. Among them were the then GOC-in-C, Western Command, Lt Gen SM Shrinagesh, Maj Gen KS Thimayya, Maj Gen SPP Thorat (later GOC-in-C, Eastern Command), Maj Gen Sardanand Singh, Maj Gen Mohinder Singh Chopra and Brig Ajaib Singh. Shrinagesh, who died in December 1977, wrote, \"I gazed out of the cabin window and saw flames coming out of the engine. The plane could explode the moment the fire reached the fuel system.\" Flt Lt S Biswas was attempting desperately to extinguish the fire when suddenly the plane flipped and plunged down to almost 4000 feet.\" In Shrinagesh's own words, \"We disembarked from the plane unscathed, apparently in order of precedence, and walked to the nearest village a couple of miles away. We obtained a lift from the village to the main Lucknow road in the only means of conveyance available – a bullock cart!\"",
"title": "Army career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Major General Mohindar Singh Chopra retired from the Indian Army in 1955.",
"title": "Army career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "He became the first Ambassador from India to the Philippines in 1955 itself and held the position till 1959. Due to his arrival, for the first time, the Cabinet meeting was held in the Malacañang state dining hall. For a short time he became the Ambassador to Taiwan as well in the 1960s. After a few years of civilian life, from 17 July 1964 to 30 April 1967 he was Director of National Institute of Sports in Patiala. In 1988 he was invited to Manchester where he formed the Jullundur Brigade Association between India (5th Battalion, Sikh Regiment), Pakistan (1st Battalion the Frontier Force Regiment) and Great Britain (1st Battalion, Kings Regiment).",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "\"There is something unique and central in the faiths that the men in arms professed- to have been made incumbent upon men of different religions (Christian, Sikh, Hindu) to have lived, fought and died together.\"",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "He passed away in New Delhi at the age of 84.",
"title": "Death"
}
] | Major General Mohindar Singh Chopra (1907–1990) was an Indian Army General Officer who was the Brigadier in charge of stopping the Partition Riots in Punjab and Bengal. He stopped riots and genocides from taking place with military prowess and made sure that the Indian Army remained a secular fighting force- true to its ideals of protection and peace. As the Brigadier he was responsible for a peaceful, voluntary flow of migration and stopping riots from both sides. He had managed to do a referendum in Sylhet, East Pakistan and stopped riots in Amritsar-Lahore along with the rest of Punjab after the Partition of the British Indian Army. After retirement he became India's Ambassador to the Philippines and Taipai. Later, he was Director, National Institute of Sports, Patiala. | 2023-12-16T12:42:41Z | 2023-12-27T06:21:19Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohinder_Singh_Chopra |
75,578,042 | Kim Crawley | Kim Crawley is a Canadian author of books on IT security specifically and on hacker and computer literacy in general. Of Maltese descent, the first computer she set her eyes upon was her half-brother's Commodore 64 in 1988, but inasmuch as he refused to let her play with it her first hand-on-experience with computers was with her novelist father's Windows 3.1 OEM PC, which he had purchased retail. A wide-ranging consultant, free-lancer and self-described generalist, she has written and consulted for tech companies such as AT&T, BlackBerry, NGINX, Synack, and Hack The Box, and passed the Certified Information Systems Security Professional exam on her first attempt whilst writing a book. She has published with O'Reilly Media, Packt Publishing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., etc., and lives in Toronto, Canada with her pop culture collection and assiduously maintains a punk/goth aesthetic. She is an autistic with ADHD. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Kim Crawley is a Canadian author of books on IT security specifically and on hacker and computer literacy in general. Of Maltese descent, the first computer she set her eyes upon was her half-brother's Commodore 64 in 1988, but inasmuch as he refused to let her play with it her first hand-on-experience with computers was with her novelist father's Windows 3.1 OEM PC, which he had purchased retail. A wide-ranging consultant, free-lancer and self-described generalist, she has written and consulted for tech companies such as AT&T, BlackBerry, NGINX, Synack, and Hack The Box, and passed the Certified Information Systems Security Professional exam on her first attempt whilst writing a book. She has published with O'Reilly Media, Packt Publishing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., etc., and lives in Toronto, Canada with her pop culture collection and assiduously maintains a punk/goth aesthetic. She is an autistic with ADHD.",
"title": ""
}
] | Kim Crawley is a Canadian author of books on IT security specifically and on hacker and computer literacy in general. Of Maltese descent, the first computer she set her eyes upon was her half-brother's Commodore 64 in 1988, but inasmuch as he refused to let her play with it her first hand-on-experience with computers was with her novelist father's Windows 3.1 OEM PC, which he had purchased retail. A wide-ranging consultant, free-lancer and self-described generalist, she has written and consulted for tech companies such as AT&T, BlackBerry, NGINX, Synack, and Hack The Box, and passed the Certified Information Systems Security Professional exam on her first attempt whilst writing a book. She has published with O'Reilly Media, Packt Publishing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., etc., and lives in Toronto, Canada with her pop culture collection and assiduously maintains a punk/goth aesthetic. She is an autistic with ADHD. | 2023-12-16T12:47:30Z | 2023-12-31T04:58:32Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Empty section",
"Template:Portal bar",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Crawley |
75,578,051 | Apple Devices | Apple Devices is a Windows application for managing iOS devices. It is currently available in preview and is part of Apple's planned split of iTunes into separate apps. The application is distributed through the Microsoft Store for Windows 10 version 22H2 and later and is unique to Windows, because device management functionality is integrated into Finder on macOS.
Similar to the build of iTunes released through the Microsoft Store, Apple Devices utilizes an embedded copy of Apple Application Support, along with its components such as MobileDevice. In contrast to iTunes, which relies on a port of macOS's AppKit to Win32, Apple Devices has been rebuilt using the Windows Runtime and Windows UI Library. It leverages the AMPDevices core frameworks, akin to those employed by Finder. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Apple Devices is a Windows application for managing iOS devices. It is currently available in preview and is part of Apple's planned split of iTunes into separate apps. The application is distributed through the Microsoft Store for Windows 10 version 22H2 and later and is unique to Windows, because device management functionality is integrated into Finder on macOS.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Similar to the build of iTunes released through the Microsoft Store, Apple Devices utilizes an embedded copy of Apple Application Support, along with its components such as MobileDevice. In contrast to iTunes, which relies on a port of macOS's AppKit to Win32, Apple Devices has been rebuilt using the Windows Runtime and Windows UI Library. It leverages the AMPDevices core frameworks, akin to those employed by Finder.",
"title": ""
}
] | Apple Devices is a Windows application for managing iOS devices. It is currently available in preview and is part of Apple's planned split of iTunes into separate apps. The application is distributed through the Microsoft Store for Windows 10 version 22H2 and later and is unique to Windows, because device management functionality is integrated into Finder on macOS. Similar to the build of iTunes released through the Microsoft Store, Apple Devices utilizes an embedded copy of Apple Application Support, along with its components such as MobileDevice. In contrast to iTunes, which relies on a port of macOS's AppKit to Win32, Apple Devices has been rebuilt using the Windows Runtime and Windows UI Library. It leverages the AMPDevices core frameworks, akin to those employed by Finder. | 2023-12-16T12:49:17Z | 2023-12-18T15:44:03Z | [
"Template:Distinguish",
"Template:Infobox software",
"Template:Date"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Devices |
75,578,062 | Ved Prakash Gupta | Ved Prakash Gupta (born 18 February 1948) is an Indian politician currently serving as a member of the 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party and represents the Ayodhya Assembly constituency from Ayodhya district.
He previously served as a member of the 17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly, representing the Ayodhya Assembly constituency.
Following the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election he was re-elected as an MLA from the Ayodhya Assembly constituency after defeating Samajwadi Party candidate Tej Narayan Pandey by a margin of 19,990 votes. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ved Prakash Gupta (born 18 February 1948) is an Indian politician currently serving as a member of the 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party and represents the Ayodhya Assembly constituency from Ayodhya district.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He previously served as a member of the 17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly, representing the Ayodhya Assembly constituency.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Following the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election he was re-elected as an MLA from the Ayodhya Assembly constituency after defeating Samajwadi Party candidate Tej Narayan Pandey by a margin of 19,990 votes.",
"title": "Political career"
}
] | Ved Prakash Gupta is an Indian politician currently serving as a member of the 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party and represents the Ayodhya Assembly constituency from Ayodhya district. He previously served as a member of the 17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly, representing the Ayodhya Assembly constituency. | 2023-12-16T12:53:00Z | 2023-12-26T18:14:46Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ved_Prakash_Gupta |
75,578,084 | Chinese language law | The Chinese language law, full name Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Language of the People’s Republic of China (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國國家通用語言文字法; pinyin: Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó guójiā tōngyòng yǔyán wénzì fǎ), is the first specialized law on spoken and written language in China. This law was adopted at the 18th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on October 31, 2000, and came into effect on January 1, 2001. The law stipulates the scope, norms and standards for the use of the country's common spoken and written language. According to this law, the national standard spoken and written language is Mandarin Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters.
Throughout history, China, due to the large amount of different cultures and ethnicities in its borders, has been home to dozens of languages. In order to assist mutual intelligibility, the Chinese government, since its inception as the PRC, has been seeking to standardise and simplify the Chinese language. Until recently, even the government-promoted simplified chinese had at least seven mutually unintelligible dialects.
This law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China in order to promote the normalization, standardization and healthy development of the national common spoken and written language, to enable the language to play a better role in social life, and to promote economic and cultural exchanges among all ethnic groups and regions. This law stipulates the use, management and supervision of the national common spoken and written language. All citizens have the right to learn and use the standard spoken and written Chinese language, and the State provides citizens with the conditions for it. The law also stipulates that the use of the national common spoken and written language should be conducive to the upholding of state sovereignty and national dignity, to unification of the country and unity among all ethnic groups, and to socialist material progress and ethical progress.
The law made it illegal to teach languages other than Chinese in schools. Similar laws have been widely criticised as attempts to force minority groups to assimilate into Chinese culture, though the PRC denies those claims. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Chinese language law, full name Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Language of the People’s Republic of China (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國國家通用語言文字法; pinyin: Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó guójiā tōngyòng yǔyán wénzì fǎ), is the first specialized law on spoken and written language in China. This law was adopted at the 18th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on October 31, 2000, and came into effect on January 1, 2001. The law stipulates the scope, norms and standards for the use of the country's common spoken and written language. According to this law, the national standard spoken and written language is Mandarin Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Throughout history, China, due to the large amount of different cultures and ethnicities in its borders, has been home to dozens of languages. In order to assist mutual intelligibility, the Chinese government, since its inception as the PRC, has been seeking to standardise and simplify the Chinese language. Until recently, even the government-promoted simplified chinese had at least seven mutually unintelligible dialects.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "This law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China in order to promote the normalization, standardization and healthy development of the national common spoken and written language, to enable the language to play a better role in social life, and to promote economic and cultural exchanges among all ethnic groups and regions. This law stipulates the use, management and supervision of the national common spoken and written language. All citizens have the right to learn and use the standard spoken and written Chinese language, and the State provides citizens with the conditions for it. The law also stipulates that the use of the national common spoken and written language should be conducive to the upholding of state sovereignty and national dignity, to unification of the country and unity among all ethnic groups, and to socialist material progress and ethical progress.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The law made it illegal to teach languages other than Chinese in schools. Similar laws have been widely criticised as attempts to force minority groups to assimilate into Chinese culture, though the PRC denies those claims.",
"title": "Impact"
}
] | The Chinese language law, full name Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Language of the People’s Republic of China, is the first specialized law on spoken and written language in China. This law was adopted at the 18th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on October 31, 2000, and came into effect on January 1, 2001. The law stipulates the scope, norms and standards for the use of the country's common spoken and written language. According to this law, the national standard spoken and written language is Mandarin Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters. | 2023-12-16T13:00:23Z | 2023-12-28T03:57:40Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language_law |
75,578,093 | Yusof Abu Bakar | Yusof bin Abu Bakar is a Bruneian nobleman, military officer and diplomat who became the ambassador to Germany, and non-resident ambassador to Switzerland and Poland. Notably, he was the acting Commander of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces, and the Deputy President of National Football Association of Brunei Darussalam (NFABD).
On 7 March 2006, as the newly appointed ambassador to Myanmar, Yusof was presented his letters of accreditations by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah at the Istana Nurul Iman. One again on 10 February 2009, as the newly appointed ambassador to Germany, he was presented his letters of accreditations. Later on the 23rd, Brunei joined the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), following the signing of the statute by Yusof.
Yusof delivered his letter of credentials to President Bronislaw Komorowski on 20 January 2011, as the new non-resident ambassador to Poland. The presentation was held at the Presidential Palace, Warsaw.
Yusof was bestowed the manteri title of Yang Dimuliakan (The Exalted One) Pehin Datu Inderasugara. He has earned the following honours; | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Yusof bin Abu Bakar is a Bruneian nobleman, military officer and diplomat who became the ambassador to Germany, and non-resident ambassador to Switzerland and Poland. Notably, he was the acting Commander of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces, and the Deputy President of National Football Association of Brunei Darussalam (NFABD).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On 7 March 2006, as the newly appointed ambassador to Myanmar, Yusof was presented his letters of accreditations by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah at the Istana Nurul Iman. One again on 10 February 2009, as the newly appointed ambassador to Germany, he was presented his letters of accreditations. Later on the 23rd, Brunei joined the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), following the signing of the statute by Yusof.",
"title": "Diplomatic career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Yusof delivered his letter of credentials to President Bronislaw Komorowski on 20 January 2011, as the new non-resident ambassador to Poland. The presentation was held at the Presidential Palace, Warsaw.",
"title": "Diplomatic career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Yusof was bestowed the manteri title of Yang Dimuliakan (The Exalted One) Pehin Datu Inderasugara. He has earned the following honours;",
"title": "Honours"
}
] | Yusof bin Abu Bakar is a Bruneian nobleman, military officer and diplomat who became the ambassador to Germany, and non-resident ambassador to Switzerland and Poland. Notably, he was the acting Commander of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces, and the Deputy President of National Football Association of Brunei Darussalam (NFABD). | 2023-12-16T13:04:02Z | 2023-12-23T12:58:12Z | [
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75,578,099 | Sshort And Ssweet | Sshort And Ssweet is a 2023 Indian Marathi-language family drama film directed by Ganesh Dinkar Kadam and written by Swapnil Barskar. The film is produced by Payal Ganesh Kadam along with Vinod Rao. The film stars Sonali Kulkarni, Harshad Atkari, Rasika Sunil, Shridhar Watsar, Ajit Bhure, Onkar Bhojane and Tushar Khair.
The parents of Sonali Kulkarni made guest appearances in the film.
The film was theatrically released on 3 November 2023 in Maharashtra.
A reviewer from The Times of India wrote "the film is hindered by a weak story and inconsistent screenplay, despite its noble intentions to address body shaming and promote acceptance." In a negative review the Film Information opinined overall average film. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sshort And Ssweet is a 2023 Indian Marathi-language family drama film directed by Ganesh Dinkar Kadam and written by Swapnil Barskar. The film is produced by Payal Ganesh Kadam along with Vinod Rao. The film stars Sonali Kulkarni, Harshad Atkari, Rasika Sunil, Shridhar Watsar, Ajit Bhure, Onkar Bhojane and Tushar Khair.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The parents of Sonali Kulkarni made guest appearances in the film.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The film was theatrically released on 3 November 2023 in Maharashtra.",
"title": "Release"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "A reviewer from The Times of India wrote \"the film is hindered by a weak story and inconsistent screenplay, despite its noble intentions to address body shaming and promote acceptance.\" In a negative review the Film Information opinined overall average film.",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Sshort And Ssweet is a 2023 Indian Marathi-language family drama film directed by Ganesh Dinkar Kadam and written by Swapnil Barskar. The film is produced by Payal Ganesh Kadam along with Vinod Rao. The film stars Sonali Kulkarni, Harshad Atkari, Rasika Sunil, Shridhar Watsar, Ajit Bhure, Onkar Bhojane and Tushar Khair. The parents of Sonali Kulkarni made guest appearances in the film. | 2023-12-16T13:05:12Z | 2023-12-17T08:25:29Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sshort_And_Ssweet |
75,578,152 | Ituka Solar Power Station | The Ituka Solar Power Station, is a planned 20 megawatts (27,000 hp) solar power plant in Uganda. The power station is under development by AMEA Power, an independent power producer (IPP), domiciled in the United Arab Emirates.
The power station is located in the community of Ombaci, a suburb of Arua City, approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi), by road, northeast of the city center.
The design calls for a ground-mounted photo-voltaic solar power station with generation capacity of 20 megawatts. The power will be sold directly to the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited (UETCL) for integration in the national electricity grid. A 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA) has been signed between the developers and UETCL to guide the sale and purchase of electricity between the two. Construction is expected to start in 2024 and commercial commissioning is anticipated in 2025.
The power station is owned by AMEA Power, a renewable energy IPP with focus on Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Amea Power created a subsidiary that it owns 100 percent called Ituka West Nile Uganda Limited, a special purpose vehicle company specifically set up to develop, build and operate this solar power station.
The cost of construction has not been disclosed as of December 2023. The Emerging Africa Infrastructure Fund (EAIF), a subsidiary of the Private Infrastructure Development Group (PIDG) has committed to lend US$19 million towards the development of this power station. The PIGD is funded by donor countries: United Kingdom, Switzerland, Australia, Norway, Sweden, Netherlands, Germany and the World Bank Group.
In December 2023, the African Trade and Investment Development Insurance (ATIDI), announced its intention to support this development through its Regional Liquidity Support Facility (RLSF). ATIDI will provide payment guarantees for the benefit of the project on behalf of UETCL. The insurance policy will cover up to six months' worth of revenue for the IPP and be in place for an initial tenor of 15 years. The insurance policy makes the investment project more bankable and more secure. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Ituka Solar Power Station, is a planned 20 megawatts (27,000 hp) solar power plant in Uganda. The power station is under development by AMEA Power, an independent power producer (IPP), domiciled in the United Arab Emirates.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The power station is located in the community of Ombaci, a suburb of Arua City, approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi), by road, northeast of the city center.",
"title": "Location"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The design calls for a ground-mounted photo-voltaic solar power station with generation capacity of 20 megawatts. The power will be sold directly to the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited (UETCL) for integration in the national electricity grid. A 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA) has been signed between the developers and UETCL to guide the sale and purchase of electricity between the two. Construction is expected to start in 2024 and commercial commissioning is anticipated in 2025.",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The power station is owned by AMEA Power, a renewable energy IPP with focus on Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Amea Power created a subsidiary that it owns 100 percent called Ituka West Nile Uganda Limited, a special purpose vehicle company specifically set up to develop, build and operate this solar power station.",
"title": "Developers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The cost of construction has not been disclosed as of December 2023. The Emerging Africa Infrastructure Fund (EAIF), a subsidiary of the Private Infrastructure Development Group (PIDG) has committed to lend US$19 million towards the development of this power station. The PIGD is funded by donor countries: United Kingdom, Switzerland, Australia, Norway, Sweden, Netherlands, Germany and the World Bank Group.",
"title": "Costs and funding"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In December 2023, the African Trade and Investment Development Insurance (ATIDI), announced its intention to support this development through its Regional Liquidity Support Facility (RLSF). ATIDI will provide payment guarantees for the benefit of the project on behalf of UETCL. The insurance policy will cover up to six months' worth of revenue for the IPP and be in place for an initial tenor of 15 years. The insurance policy makes the investment project more bankable and more secure.",
"title": "Costs and funding"
}
] | The Ituka Solar Power Station, is a planned 20 megawatts (27,000 hp) solar power plant in Uganda. The power station is under development by AMEA Power, an independent power producer (IPP), domiciled in the United Arab Emirates. | 2023-12-16T13:16:52Z | 2023-12-20T09:44:46Z | [
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75,578,164 | S17 (St. Gallen S-Bahn) | The S17 is a railway service of the St. Gallen S-Bahn that provides hourly service between Sargans and Rapperswil, in the cantons of St. Gallen and Glarus. Südostbahn (SOB), a private company primarily owned by the federal government and the canton of St. Gallen, operates the service.
The S17 operates hourly between Sargans and Rapperswil, using the Ziegelbrücke–Sargans and Rapperswil–Ziegelbrücke railway lines. The S6 also operates between Rapperswil and Ziegelbrücke, combining with the S17 for half-hourly service, with calls at every station. Between Uznach and Rapperswil, the S17 and S6 are additionally supported by the S4 and IR Voralpen-Express, both of which do not call at intermediate stations.
Prior to the 10 December 2023 timetable change, service over the Ziegelbrücke–Sargans railway line was provided by the S4, which operated in a bidirectional circular fashion. The expansion to dual track between Uznach and Schmerikon (constructed between 2021 and 2023) on the Rapperswil–Ziegelbrücke railway line permitted expanded service between Rapperswil and Uznach. The S4 was rerouted to run between Sargans and Rapperswil via St. Gallen, while Sargans to Rapperswil via Ziegelbrücke became the new S17. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The S17 is a railway service of the St. Gallen S-Bahn that provides hourly service between Sargans and Rapperswil, in the cantons of St. Gallen and Glarus. Südostbahn (SOB), a private company primarily owned by the federal government and the canton of St. Gallen, operates the service.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The S17 operates hourly between Sargans and Rapperswil, using the Ziegelbrücke–Sargans and Rapperswil–Ziegelbrücke railway lines. The S6 also operates between Rapperswil and Ziegelbrücke, combining with the S17 for half-hourly service, with calls at every station. Between Uznach and Rapperswil, the S17 and S6 are additionally supported by the S4 and IR Voralpen-Express, both of which do not call at intermediate stations.",
"title": "Operations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Prior to the 10 December 2023 timetable change, service over the Ziegelbrücke–Sargans railway line was provided by the S4, which operated in a bidirectional circular fashion. The expansion to dual track between Uznach and Schmerikon (constructed between 2021 and 2023) on the Rapperswil–Ziegelbrücke railway line permitted expanded service between Rapperswil and Uznach. The S4 was rerouted to run between Sargans and Rapperswil via St. Gallen, while Sargans to Rapperswil via Ziegelbrücke became the new S17.",
"title": "History"
}
] | The S17 is a railway service of the St. Gallen S-Bahn that provides hourly service between Sargans and Rapperswil, in the cantons of St. Gallen and Glarus. Südostbahn (SOB), a private company primarily owned by the federal government and the canton of St. Gallen, operates the service. | 2023-12-16T13:20:05Z | 2023-12-23T18:33:47Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S17_(St._Gallen_S-Bahn) |
75,578,165 | Good Neighbors (organization) | Good Neighbors is a non-profit organization founded in 1991 in South Korea. It is a global NGO specializing in children's rights and is active in 47 countries around the world.
Good Neighbors was founded by Il-ha Lee and seven founding members on March 28, 1991, as the Korea Neighborhood Love Association under the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The international relief and development project was started with Bangladesh's poor relief in 1992, Somalia in 1993, and Rwanda's refugee relief activities in 1994. In March 1996, the corporation was disbanded and a social welfare corporation was established, and the first private organization to open a child abuse counseling center nationwide and began professional intervention in children affected by abuse. In 1996, Korea's first NGO was granted comprehensive consultation status by the United Nations Economic and Social Council(UNECOSOC). On August 1, 2002, the organization was renamed Good Neighbors, and in August 2003, Good Neighbors International was registered with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since then, emergency relief has been provided for disasters such as the Sichuan earthquake, Haiti earthquake, East Japan earthquake, and Nepal earthquake. In 2007, he was awarded the Millennium Development Goals Award (MDGs Award), organized by the United Nations and the International Union of Labor and Management Organizations, for his contribution to universal primary education.
Good Neighbors is currently carrying out international development projects in South Korea, North Korea, and 39 countries abroad. And eight developed countries, including the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and Taiwan, are expanding their fundraising activities and children's rights advocacy activities. Based on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child(UN CRC) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(UN SDGs), it targets 5.8 million children and local residents in areas such as children's rights protection, education, health, drinking water sanitation, income increase, union activities, networks, disaster relief and humanitarian support, social economic projects, and sustainable environments.
Good Neighbors is a Protestant social service NGO that has criticism for considering volunteer work as a means of missionary work. However, Good Neighbors officially denied this. The reliability of the 2015 accounting disclosure was questioned. It received a perfect score in the public interest corporation information disclosure transparency evaluation conducted in 2017. It has also been criticized for using a lot of "poverty porn," a violent advertising technique used to encourage donations and raise donations.
Celebrities in South Korea: Choi Soo-jong, Kim Jong-seok, Byun Jung-soo, Lee Se-joon, Jo Su-ah, Soriel Jang Hyuk-jae, Kim Byung-man, Kim Hyun-joo, Kim Soo-jin, Seo Young-hee, Go A-ra, Jeon Jeong-hyang, Jin Se-yeon, Kim Ji-woo, Rayman Kim, Ham Chun-ho, and Lee Jung-min are active as ambassadors. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Good Neighbors is a non-profit organization founded in 1991 in South Korea. It is a global NGO specializing in children's rights and is active in 47 countries around the world.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Good Neighbors was founded by Il-ha Lee and seven founding members on March 28, 1991, as the Korea Neighborhood Love Association under the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The international relief and development project was started with Bangladesh's poor relief in 1992, Somalia in 1993, and Rwanda's refugee relief activities in 1994. In March 1996, the corporation was disbanded and a social welfare corporation was established, and the first private organization to open a child abuse counseling center nationwide and began professional intervention in children affected by abuse. In 1996, Korea's first NGO was granted comprehensive consultation status by the United Nations Economic and Social Council(UNECOSOC). On August 1, 2002, the organization was renamed Good Neighbors, and in August 2003, Good Neighbors International was registered with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since then, emergency relief has been provided for disasters such as the Sichuan earthquake, Haiti earthquake, East Japan earthquake, and Nepal earthquake. In 2007, he was awarded the Millennium Development Goals Award (MDGs Award), organized by the United Nations and the International Union of Labor and Management Organizations, for his contribution to universal primary education.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Good Neighbors is currently carrying out international development projects in South Korea, North Korea, and 39 countries abroad. And eight developed countries, including the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and Taiwan, are expanding their fundraising activities and children's rights advocacy activities. Based on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child(UN CRC) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(UN SDGs), it targets 5.8 million children and local residents in areas such as children's rights protection, education, health, drinking water sanitation, income increase, union activities, networks, disaster relief and humanitarian support, social economic projects, and sustainable environments.",
"title": "Activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Good Neighbors is a Protestant social service NGO that has criticism for considering volunteer work as a means of missionary work. However, Good Neighbors officially denied this. The reliability of the 2015 accounting disclosure was questioned. It received a perfect score in the public interest corporation information disclosure transparency evaluation conducted in 2017. It has also been criticized for using a lot of \"poverty porn,\" a violent advertising technique used to encourage donations and raise donations.",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Celebrities in South Korea: Choi Soo-jong, Kim Jong-seok, Byun Jung-soo, Lee Se-joon, Jo Su-ah, Soriel Jang Hyuk-jae, Kim Byung-man, Kim Hyun-joo, Kim Soo-jin, Seo Young-hee, Go A-ra, Jeon Jeong-hyang, Jin Se-yeon, Kim Ji-woo, Rayman Kim, Ham Chun-ho, and Lee Jung-min are active as ambassadors.",
"title": "Honorary ambassador"
}
] | Good Neighbors is a non-profit organization founded in 1991 in South Korea. It is a global NGO specializing in children's rights and is active in 47 countries around the world. | 2023-12-16T13:20:07Z | 2023-12-20T06:45:30Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Neighbors_(organization) |
75,578,168 | Music Business | #REDIRECT [[Music industry]] | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "#REDIRECT [[Music industry]]",
"title": ""
}
] | #REDIRECT [[Music industry]] | 2023-12-16T13:20:42Z | 2023-12-16T13:22:47Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Business |
75,578,199 | Sandesh Lamsal | Sandesh Lamsal (Nepali: सन्देश लम्साल, born August 17, 1994) is a Nepalese physician.
Lamsal was born on August 17, 1994, to rural parents, father Ganesh Lamsal and mother Sushila Lamsal, in the remote village of Dang District of mid western Nepal. He completed his schooling from Tulsi Higher Secondary English School, Tulsipur, Dang, Nepal. In 2014, Lamsal received a scholarship from The Government of Russia to pursue the specialist course in medical care. His father, a small-time businessman, sent Lamsal to First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg in St. Petersburg, Russia at the age of twenty, and provided financial support for his early medical career.
Lamsal served as a medical volunteer for the FIFA Confederation Cup of 2017 and FIFA World Cup of 2018. In 2018, he was awarded 2 Dan black belt by World Taekwondo Federation. He has also served as the Representative of Nepal in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region, Russian Federation from 2014 to 2021. Then, he started to post actively on various social media platforms, leading him to be verified on all the major platforms and earning the title, "The first Nepalese internet celebrity, and doctor to cross 1 million followers on Instagram". From 2021, he has been writing medical articles in the national Online portal Online Khabar to provide medical knowledge in an understandable language for the local public. Lamsal completed a specialist course in medical care from First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg in 2021. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sandesh Lamsal (Nepali: सन्देश लम्साल, born August 17, 1994) is a Nepalese physician.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Lamsal was born on August 17, 1994, to rural parents, father Ganesh Lamsal and mother Sushila Lamsal, in the remote village of Dang District of mid western Nepal. He completed his schooling from Tulsi Higher Secondary English School, Tulsipur, Dang, Nepal. In 2014, Lamsal received a scholarship from The Government of Russia to pursue the specialist course in medical care. His father, a small-time businessman, sent Lamsal to First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg in St. Petersburg, Russia at the age of twenty, and provided financial support for his early medical career.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Lamsal served as a medical volunteer for the FIFA Confederation Cup of 2017 and FIFA World Cup of 2018. In 2018, he was awarded 2 Dan black belt by World Taekwondo Federation. He has also served as the Representative of Nepal in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region, Russian Federation from 2014 to 2021. Then, he started to post actively on various social media platforms, leading him to be verified on all the major platforms and earning the title, \"The first Nepalese internet celebrity, and doctor to cross 1 million followers on Instagram\". From 2021, he has been writing medical articles in the national Online portal Online Khabar to provide medical knowledge in an understandable language for the local public. Lamsal completed a specialist course in medical care from First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg in 2021.",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Sandesh Lamsal is a Nepalese physician. | 2023-12-16T13:28:49Z | 2023-12-27T12:55:40Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandesh_Lamsal |
75,578,212 | 1980 Chester City Council election | The 1980 Chester City Council election took place on 1 May 1980 to elect members of Chester City Council in Cheshire, England. This was on the same day as other local elections. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 1980 Chester City Council election took place on 1 May 1980 to elect members of Chester City Council in Cheshire, England. This was on the same day as other local elections.",
"title": ""
}
] | The 1980 Chester City Council election took place on 1 May 1980 to elect members of Chester City Council in Cheshire, England. This was on the same day as other local elections. | 2023-12-16T13:31:04Z | 2023-12-30T04:50:58Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Chester_City_Council_election |
75,578,213 | Seiyū Club (1900s) | Seiyū Club (Japanese: 政友倶楽部, lit. 'Political Friends Club') was a political party in Japan in the 1900s.
The party contested the 1903 general elections, winning 13 of the 376 seats. It did not contest any further general elections. | [
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"text": "Seiyū Club (Japanese: 政友倶楽部, lit. 'Political Friends Club') was a political party in Japan in the 1900s.",
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"text": "The party contested the 1903 general elections, winning 13 of the 376 seats. It did not contest any further general elections.",
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] | Seiyū Club was a political party in Japan in the 1900s. The party contested the 1903 general elections, winning 13 of the 376 seats. It did not contest any further general elections. | 2023-12-16T13:31:14Z | 2023-12-16T13:32:56Z | [
"Template:Lang-ja",
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"Template:Politics of Japan"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiy%C5%AB_Club_(1900s) |
75,578,227 | Patrick Keen | Patrick John Keen CMG MBE (30 June 1911 – 8 March 1983) was an English first-class cricketer and an officer in the Indian Political Service, having previously served in both the British Army and the British Indian Army.
The son of the Brigadier P. H. Keen, he was born in British India at Kohat in March 1983. He came from a family of colonial administrators in India, with his grandfather and uncle both holding positions in the Indian Political Department. Keen was educated in England at Haileybury, before attending the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. From there, he graduated into the Hampshire Regiment as a second lieutenant in January 1931, with promotion to lieutenant following in January 1934. He was appointed to the British Indian Army as an aide-de-camp to Sir Ralph Griffith, Governors of the North-West Frontier Province. He was promoted to lieutenant in the British Indian Army October 1936, with promotion to captain following in January 1939.
In India, Keen made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team against the Indians at Madras in the 1939–40 Madras Presidency Match. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for a single run in the Europeans first innings by A. G. Ram Singh, while in their second innings he was dismissed without scoring by C. K. Nayudu. He was a member of the Indian Political Service during the Second World War, being assistant-director of the Intelligence Bureau at Quetta. In May 1943, he was appointed to be His Majesty's vice-consul at Bushehr. He was made an MBE in the 1944 New Year Honours. After the end of the war, he was promoted to major in December 1949, having retired from the British Indian Army following Indian Independence. He was later made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1968 New Year Honours. Keen later retired to Hampshire, where he died in March 1983. He was married to Anna Cunitia Gordon-Smith of Stansted Park, with the couple marrying at St James' Church in Emsworth in January 1958. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Patrick John Keen CMG MBE (30 June 1911 – 8 March 1983) was an English first-class cricketer and an officer in the Indian Political Service, having previously served in both the British Army and the British Indian Army.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The son of the Brigadier P. H. Keen, he was born in British India at Kohat in March 1983. He came from a family of colonial administrators in India, with his grandfather and uncle both holding positions in the Indian Political Department. Keen was educated in England at Haileybury, before attending the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. From there, he graduated into the Hampshire Regiment as a second lieutenant in January 1931, with promotion to lieutenant following in January 1934. He was appointed to the British Indian Army as an aide-de-camp to Sir Ralph Griffith, Governors of the North-West Frontier Province. He was promoted to lieutenant in the British Indian Army October 1936, with promotion to captain following in January 1939.",
"title": "Life and military carer"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In India, Keen made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team against the Indians at Madras in the 1939–40 Madras Presidency Match. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for a single run in the Europeans first innings by A. G. Ram Singh, while in their second innings he was dismissed without scoring by C. K. Nayudu. He was a member of the Indian Political Service during the Second World War, being assistant-director of the Intelligence Bureau at Quetta. In May 1943, he was appointed to be His Majesty's vice-consul at Bushehr. He was made an MBE in the 1944 New Year Honours. After the end of the war, he was promoted to major in December 1949, having retired from the British Indian Army following Indian Independence. He was later made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1968 New Year Honours. Keen later retired to Hampshire, where he died in March 1983. He was married to Anna Cunitia Gordon-Smith of Stansted Park, with the couple marrying at St James' Church in Emsworth in January 1958.",
"title": "Life and military carer"
}
] | Patrick John Keen was an English first-class cricketer and an officer in the Indian Political Service, having previously served in both the British Army and the British Indian Army. | 2023-12-16T13:32:50Z | 2023-12-16T21:08:05Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Keen |
75,578,237 | Katherine Kirkland | Katherine Kirkland (23 February 1808 – 10 June 1892) was an Australian colonist, squatter and memoirist who was born in Glasgow. She is known for the accounts she wrote of her few years in Australia when she was the first European woman at Trawalla near Beaufort, Victoria.
Kirkland was born in 1808 in Glasgow. Her parents were Agnes Anna (born Trokes) and Archibald Hamilton. She, her new husband and daughter, and two of her brothers James and Robert, set sail on the Renown for Australia. Her husband, Kenneth Kirkland, had worked for the family sugar refining business but he had lost patience with the owner (who was his elder brother).
When they arrived in Hobart in Tasmania, the men went to obtain a farm at Port Phillip and they made their choice in October 1838. She passed her time on a farm picking up the basis skills of husbandry. After making substantial purchases they set off for Trawalla, Victoria at the beginning of 1839. They were early colonists and life was tough. The final journey started with crossing the Bass Strait and ended with five loaded dreys. The men walked beside for the last seventy miles from Geelong. Katherine travelled with assorted livestock at her feet in the spring cart. She was one of the first European woman in the area. There was no home and one of the early tasks was to construct a hut. The previous settlers on their land had left because of the aboriginals. She was served bread baked in ashes and wrote in her journal of how she was disappointed by the men's manners and appearance. They had servants but they resisted any criticism, by leaving.
In September 1839 she was in Melbourne where her son was born. She returned to their farm where her own duties included the dairy. On New Years Day 1840 they celebrated Hogmanay in the heat of a summers day. They ate kangaroo soup followed by roast turkey, boiled mutton, parrot pie and a desert of plum pudding. She later noted that they ate well while in Trawalla. She and her family stayed in Trawalla for two years. They left after her husband's family made issue with Kenneth doing manual tasks. They had a brief spell elsewhere and then they were in Melbourne where Katherine opened a school and Kenneth was employed as a court registrar. He sold his land and Katherine and the children sailed for Glasgow in 1841.
In 1842 she publish anonymously an account of her life in Australia. It was serialised in the Scottish weekly Chambers's Edinburgh Journal in June and in July. In that July Kenneth was declared insolvent in Melbourne. He returned to Scotland and it was believed that he later left for British Columbia. In 1845 her journal was published as "Life in the Bush".
Kirkland died in 1892 in Liverpool, England. There is a monument in Beaufort, Victoria to the early settlers in the area. | [
{
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"text": "Katherine Kirkland (23 February 1808 – 10 June 1892) was an Australian colonist, squatter and memoirist who was born in Glasgow. She is known for the accounts she wrote of her few years in Australia when she was the first European woman at Trawalla near Beaufort, Victoria.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Kirkland was born in 1808 in Glasgow. Her parents were Agnes Anna (born Trokes) and Archibald Hamilton. She, her new husband and daughter, and two of her brothers James and Robert, set sail on the Renown for Australia. Her husband, Kenneth Kirkland, had worked for the family sugar refining business but he had lost patience with the owner (who was his elder brother).",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "When they arrived in Hobart in Tasmania, the men went to obtain a farm at Port Phillip and they made their choice in October 1838. She passed her time on a farm picking up the basis skills of husbandry. After making substantial purchases they set off for Trawalla, Victoria at the beginning of 1839. They were early colonists and life was tough. The final journey started with crossing the Bass Strait and ended with five loaded dreys. The men walked beside for the last seventy miles from Geelong. Katherine travelled with assorted livestock at her feet in the spring cart. She was one of the first European woman in the area. There was no home and one of the early tasks was to construct a hut. The previous settlers on their land had left because of the aboriginals. She was served bread baked in ashes and wrote in her journal of how she was disappointed by the men's manners and appearance. They had servants but they resisted any criticism, by leaving.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In September 1839 she was in Melbourne where her son was born. She returned to their farm where her own duties included the dairy. On New Years Day 1840 they celebrated Hogmanay in the heat of a summers day. They ate kangaroo soup followed by roast turkey, boiled mutton, parrot pie and a desert of plum pudding. She later noted that they ate well while in Trawalla. She and her family stayed in Trawalla for two years. They left after her husband's family made issue with Kenneth doing manual tasks. They had a brief spell elsewhere and then they were in Melbourne where Katherine opened a school and Kenneth was employed as a court registrar. He sold his land and Katherine and the children sailed for Glasgow in 1841.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1842 she publish anonymously an account of her life in Australia. It was serialised in the Scottish weekly Chambers's Edinburgh Journal in June and in July. In that July Kenneth was declared insolvent in Melbourne. He returned to Scotland and it was believed that he later left for British Columbia. In 1845 her journal was published as \"Life in the Bush\".",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Kirkland died in 1892 in Liverpool, England. There is a monument in Beaufort, Victoria to the early settlers in the area.",
"title": "Life"
}
] | Katherine Kirkland was an Australian colonist, squatter and memoirist who was born in Glasgow. She is known for the accounts she wrote of her few years in Australia when she was the first European woman at Trawalla near Beaufort, Victoria. | 2023-12-16T13:35:16Z | 2023-12-29T06:07:16Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Kirkland |
75,578,245 | On and On (Tyla song) | "On and On" is a song by South African singer-songwriter Tyla from her forthcoming debut studio album Tyla (2024). It was released on 1 December 2023 accompanied by the songs "Butterflies" and "Truth or Dare" by Fax and Epic Records, and re-released as a single the following day for German music performance platform ColorsxStudios (A COLORS SHOW). | [
{
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"text": "\"On and On\" is a song by South African singer-songwriter Tyla from her forthcoming debut studio album Tyla (2024). It was released on 1 December 2023 accompanied by the songs \"Butterflies\" and \"Truth or Dare\" by Fax and Epic Records, and re-released as a single the following day for German music performance platform ColorsxStudios (A COLORS SHOW).",
"title": ""
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] | "On and On" is a song by South African singer-songwriter Tyla from her forthcoming debut studio album Tyla (2024). It was released on 1 December 2023 accompanied by the songs "Butterflies" and "Truth or Dare" by Fax and Epic Records, and re-released as a single the following day for German music performance platform ColorsxStudios (A COLORS SHOW). | 2023-12-16T13:36:56Z | 2023-12-26T22:46:26Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_and_On_(Tyla_song) |
75,578,307 | Black Reel Awards of 2024 | The 24th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony, presented by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film (FAAAF) and honoring the best films of 2023, will take place on January 16, 2024; the combined film and television award ceremonies will be presented together. The 7th Annual Black Reel Television Awards ceremony was initially scheduled for August 14, 2023, but was changed due to the 2023 WGA/SAG-AFTRA strikes. The film nominations were announced on December 14, 2023.
The film adaptation of the Broadway Tony Award-winning musical The Color Purple received the most nominations with nineteen, setting the mark for the most nominations for a musical, followed by Rustin with 10.
American actor Colman Domingo will be honored with the inaugural Chadwick Boseman Vanguard Award, named after the late Chadwick Boseman. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 24th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony, presented by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film (FAAAF) and honoring the best films of 2023, will take place on January 16, 2024; the combined film and television award ceremonies will be presented together. The 7th Annual Black Reel Television Awards ceremony was initially scheduled for August 14, 2023, but was changed due to the 2023 WGA/SAG-AFTRA strikes. The film nominations were announced on December 14, 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "The film adaptation of the Broadway Tony Award-winning musical The Color Purple received the most nominations with nineteen, setting the mark for the most nominations for a musical, followed by Rustin with 10.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "American actor Colman Domingo will be honored with the inaugural Chadwick Boseman Vanguard Award, named after the late Chadwick Boseman.",
"title": ""
}
] | The 24th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony, presented by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film (FAAAF) and honoring the best films of 2023, will take place on January 16, 2024; the combined film and television award ceremonies will be presented together. The 7th Annual Black Reel Television Awards ceremony was initially scheduled for August 14, 2023, but was changed due to the 2023 WGA/SAG-AFTRA strikes. The film nominations were announced on December 14, 2023. The film adaptation of the Broadway Tony Award-winning musical The Color Purple received the most nominations with nineteen, setting the mark for the most nominations for a musical, followed by Rustin with 10. American actor Colman Domingo will be honored with the inaugural Chadwick Boseman Vanguard Award, named after the late Chadwick Boseman. | 2023-12-16T13:49:43Z | 2023-12-30T22:55:00Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Reel_Awards_of_2024 |
75,578,309 | Murder of Shakira Spencer | Shakira Spencer (13 June 1987 – September 2022) was a 35-year-old mother-of-two from Ealing, west London, who was tortured and murdered by three people she considered to be her friends. Spencer, who was considered to be a vulnerable adult, was befriended, then abused by Ashana Studholme, Lisa Richardson and Shaun Pendlebury, after Studholme moved into a neighbouring property in 2021. On 11 December 2023, and following a 12-week trial, the trio, who left Spencer's body to decompose in her flat after beating her "to the brink of death", were convicted of her murder, as well as preventing the lawful burial of a body.
Born on 13 June 1987, Spencer was described by neighbours as "a loveable person, but very slow and socially awkward who presented as someone with learning difficulties". She was befriended by Ashana Studholme in 2021 when Studholme became her neighbour. After drawing Spencer into her social circle, which included introducing her to drugs, and isolating her from everyone she had previously known, Studholme and two accomplices, her friend Lisa Richardson and former boyfriend Shaun Pendlebury, subjected Spencer to several months of abuse, which included torture and beatings. Spencer was also treated like a slave by the trio, who forced her to run errands, controlled her income, and fed her on sachets of ketchup. The abuse culminated on 12 September 2022, when Spencer was beaten "to the brink of death" at Studholme's flat, then driven home by Studholme and Pendlebury in the boot of Studholme's car, where she was locked in a hall cupboard and later died as a result of her injuries. Her badly decomposed body was discovered almost two weeks later, on 25 September, when neighbours reported seeing maggots crawling from under the front door of Spencer's flat. Investigators were unable to determine the exact time of death.
The trio were arrested on 26 September, and charged with Spencer's murder three days later. The arrests occurred after police were contacted by a relative of Pendlebury's to whom he had confessed his role in the killing. Detectives then found evidence, including text messages referencing the abuse and mobile phone images and footage showing Spencer being beaten by her tormentors. On 30 September, all three defendants appeared at Westminster Magistrates Court, where they were remanded in custody to appear before the Old Bailey on 4 October. At this hearing, they were further remanded, with a plea hearing set for 20 December, and a trial date set for 4 September 2023.
Following a 12-week trial at the Old Bailey, where they pleaded "not guilty" to the charges, Studholme, Richardson and Pendlebury were convicted of Spencer's murder on 11 December 2023. Prosecutor Alison Hunter KC compared them to "a pack of feral savages". Following the trial, Ealing Borough Council said it had launched an Adult Safeguarding Review of the case. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Shakira Spencer (13 June 1987 – September 2022) was a 35-year-old mother-of-two from Ealing, west London, who was tortured and murdered by three people she considered to be her friends. Spencer, who was considered to be a vulnerable adult, was befriended, then abused by Ashana Studholme, Lisa Richardson and Shaun Pendlebury, after Studholme moved into a neighbouring property in 2021. On 11 December 2023, and following a 12-week trial, the trio, who left Spencer's body to decompose in her flat after beating her \"to the brink of death\", were convicted of her murder, as well as preventing the lawful burial of a body.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born on 13 June 1987, Spencer was described by neighbours as \"a loveable person, but very slow and socially awkward who presented as someone with learning difficulties\". She was befriended by Ashana Studholme in 2021 when Studholme became her neighbour. After drawing Spencer into her social circle, which included introducing her to drugs, and isolating her from everyone she had previously known, Studholme and two accomplices, her friend Lisa Richardson and former boyfriend Shaun Pendlebury, subjected Spencer to several months of abuse, which included torture and beatings. Spencer was also treated like a slave by the trio, who forced her to run errands, controlled her income, and fed her on sachets of ketchup. The abuse culminated on 12 September 2022, when Spencer was beaten \"to the brink of death\" at Studholme's flat, then driven home by Studholme and Pendlebury in the boot of Studholme's car, where she was locked in a hall cupboard and later died as a result of her injuries. Her badly decomposed body was discovered almost two weeks later, on 25 September, when neighbours reported seeing maggots crawling from under the front door of Spencer's flat. Investigators were unable to determine the exact time of death.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The trio were arrested on 26 September, and charged with Spencer's murder three days later. The arrests occurred after police were contacted by a relative of Pendlebury's to whom he had confessed his role in the killing. Detectives then found evidence, including text messages referencing the abuse and mobile phone images and footage showing Spencer being beaten by her tormentors. On 30 September, all three defendants appeared at Westminster Magistrates Court, where they were remanded in custody to appear before the Old Bailey on 4 October. At this hearing, they were further remanded, with a plea hearing set for 20 December, and a trial date set for 4 September 2023.",
"title": "Arrest and trial"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Following a 12-week trial at the Old Bailey, where they pleaded \"not guilty\" to the charges, Studholme, Richardson and Pendlebury were convicted of Spencer's murder on 11 December 2023. Prosecutor Alison Hunter KC compared them to \"a pack of feral savages\". Following the trial, Ealing Borough Council said it had launched an Adult Safeguarding Review of the case.",
"title": "Arrest and trial"
}
] | Shakira Spencer was a 35-year-old mother-of-two from Ealing, west London, who was tortured and murdered by three people she considered to be her friends. Spencer, who was considered to be a vulnerable adult, was befriended, then abused by Ashana Studholme, Lisa Richardson and Shaun Pendlebury, after Studholme moved into a neighbouring property in 2021. On 11 December 2023, and following a 12-week trial, the trio, who left Spencer's body to decompose in her flat after beating her "to the brink of death", were convicted of her murder, as well as preventing the lawful burial of a body. | 2023-12-16T13:50:01Z | 2023-12-31T11:04:58Z | [
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75,578,339 | List of accolades received by folklore | %5B%5BWikipedia%3ARedirects+for+discussion%5D%5D+debate+closed+as+delete
#REDIRECT List of accolades received by Folklore | [
{
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"text": "#REDIRECT List of accolades received by Folklore",
"title": ""
}
] | %5B%5BWikipedia%3ARedirects+for+discussion%5D%5D+debate+closed+as+delete #REDIRECT List of accolades received by Folklore | 2023-12-16T13:58:44Z | 2023-12-31T16:30:17Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_folklore |
75,578,347 | AltStore | AltStore is an alternative app store for the iOS and iPadOS mobile operating systems, which allows users to download applications that are not available on the App Store, most commonly tweaked "++" apps, jailbreak apps, and apps including paid apps on the app store. It was publicly announced on September 25, 2019 and launched on September 28.
Riley Testut is an American developer that began to work on AltStore after Apple declined to allow his Nintendo emulator "Delta" on the App Store. Since Xcode allowed him to temporarily install his "Delta" App to his iOS device for 7 days of testing, he created AltStore in 2019 to replicate this functionality, which could be extended to other .ipa files. As of 2022, AltStore had been downloaded 1.5 million times.
AltStore exploits a loophole in the Xcode developer platform, which allows developers to sideload their own apps which they are working on without needing to jailbreak. Sideloaded apps are signed like a developer project for testing and will expire after 7 days, by which they will need to be refreshed or reinstalled. | [
{
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"text": "AltStore is an alternative app store for the iOS and iPadOS mobile operating systems, which allows users to download applications that are not available on the App Store, most commonly tweaked \"++\" apps, jailbreak apps, and apps including paid apps on the app store. It was publicly announced on September 25, 2019 and launched on September 28.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Riley Testut is an American developer that began to work on AltStore after Apple declined to allow his Nintendo emulator \"Delta\" on the App Store. Since Xcode allowed him to temporarily install his \"Delta\" App to his iOS device for 7 days of testing, he created AltStore in 2019 to replicate this functionality, which could be extended to other .ipa files. As of 2022, AltStore had been downloaded 1.5 million times.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "AltStore exploits a loophole in the Xcode developer platform, which allows developers to sideload their own apps which they are working on without needing to jailbreak. Sideloaded apps are signed like a developer project for testing and will expire after 7 days, by which they will need to be refreshed or reinstalled.",
"title": "Features"
}
] | AltStore is an alternative app store for the iOS and iPadOS mobile operating systems, which allows users to download applications that are not available on the App Store, most commonly tweaked "++" apps, jailbreak apps, and apps including paid apps on the app store. It was publicly announced on September 25, 2019 and launched on September 28. | 2023-12-16T14:00:45Z | 2023-12-16T16:55:30Z | [
"Template:Infobox software",
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"Template:Official website"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AltStore |
75,578,354 | Heaven :x: Hell | Heaven :x: Hell is the upcoming eighth and final studio album by Canadian rock band Sum 41, set to be released on March 29, 2024, through Rise Records. A double album, Heaven :x: Hell is divided into two discs; the first disc Heaven features a return to the pop punk style of the band's early career, while the second disc Hell is a continuation of the band's more recent heavy metal style. The album will be released nearly five years after Order in Decline (2019), marking the second longest gap between two studio albums in their career; it will also be released on the thirteenth anniversary of Screaming Bloody Murder (2011). It will be their only release on Rise, having departed from independent label Hopeless Records in 2023. It will also be their longest studio album, clocking in at 55 minutes.
The band released the lead single "Landmines" on September 27, 2023. A second single, "Rise Up", was released on December 12.
On February 22, 2022, the band announced a U.S. tour with Simple Plan called the Blame Canada tour that ran from April to August 2022.
On March 23, 2022, the band announced the album and its musical styles, with the "Heaven" side throwing back to their earlier pop punk style, and the "Hell" side continuing their recent heavier metal sound. However, they did not reveal a release date. Vocalist Deryck Whibley described it as "somewhat of a nod to Black Sabbath", referring to that band's album of the same name:
Obviously we know the record and love the record, and we knew that, you know, calling it this was... We kind of looked at it as "Well, you know what? They've had it for like, about 42 years. We'll take it from here".
On February 22, 2023, it was announced that the band would be playing at When We Were Young on October 22, 2023.
On May 8, 2023, the band announced that they would be disbanding after releasing the album and subsequently touring in support of it throughout 2024; the tour is set to begin on January 12, 2024, at the Music Box in San Diego, California, and will end on November 23, 2024 at the Paris La Défense Arena in Nanterre, France. The album's release date was announced on December 12, 2023, along with the release of "Rise Up".
On September 19, 2023, it was announced that Whibley was hospitalized for COVID-19, and pneumonia, which led to heart failure. The next day, it was announced that he was responding well to his treatments and was discharged from the hospital.
The lead single, "Landmines", was released on September 27, 2023, along with a music video and the announcement of their signing to Rise Records.
The second single, "Rise Up", was released on December 12, 2023, along with its music video and the album's release date.
The album is split between the "Heaven" and "Hell" sides, each 10 tracks long.
Track lengths taken from Qobuz. All songs are written by Deryck Whibley, except were noted.
Sum 41
Additional personnel | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Heaven :x: Hell is the upcoming eighth and final studio album by Canadian rock band Sum 41, set to be released on March 29, 2024, through Rise Records. A double album, Heaven :x: Hell is divided into two discs; the first disc Heaven features a return to the pop punk style of the band's early career, while the second disc Hell is a continuation of the band's more recent heavy metal style. The album will be released nearly five years after Order in Decline (2019), marking the second longest gap between two studio albums in their career; it will also be released on the thirteenth anniversary of Screaming Bloody Murder (2011). It will be their only release on Rise, having departed from independent label Hopeless Records in 2023. It will also be their longest studio album, clocking in at 55 minutes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The band released the lead single \"Landmines\" on September 27, 2023. A second single, \"Rise Up\", was released on December 12.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On February 22, 2022, the band announced a U.S. tour with Simple Plan called the Blame Canada tour that ran from April to August 2022.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On March 23, 2022, the band announced the album and its musical styles, with the \"Heaven\" side throwing back to their earlier pop punk style, and the \"Hell\" side continuing their recent heavier metal sound. However, they did not reveal a release date. Vocalist Deryck Whibley described it as \"somewhat of a nod to Black Sabbath\", referring to that band's album of the same name:",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Obviously we know the record and love the record, and we knew that, you know, calling it this was... We kind of looked at it as \"Well, you know what? They've had it for like, about 42 years. We'll take it from here\".",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On February 22, 2023, it was announced that the band would be playing at When We Were Young on October 22, 2023.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On May 8, 2023, the band announced that they would be disbanding after releasing the album and subsequently touring in support of it throughout 2024; the tour is set to begin on January 12, 2024, at the Music Box in San Diego, California, and will end on November 23, 2024 at the Paris La Défense Arena in Nanterre, France. The album's release date was announced on December 12, 2023, along with the release of \"Rise Up\".",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "On September 19, 2023, it was announced that Whibley was hospitalized for COVID-19, and pneumonia, which led to heart failure. The next day, it was announced that he was responding well to his treatments and was discharged from the hospital.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The lead single, \"Landmines\", was released on September 27, 2023, along with a music video and the announcement of their signing to Rise Records.",
"title": "Singles"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The second single, \"Rise Up\", was released on December 12, 2023, along with its music video and the album's release date.",
"title": "Singles"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The album is split between the \"Heaven\" and \"Hell\" sides, each 10 tracks long.",
"title": "Track listing"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Track lengths taken from Qobuz. All songs are written by Deryck Whibley, except were noted.",
"title": "Track listing"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Sum 41",
"title": "Personnel"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Additional personnel",
"title": "Personnel"
}
] | Heaven :x: Hell is the upcoming eighth and final studio album by Canadian rock band Sum 41, set to be released on March 29, 2024, through Rise Records. A double album, Heaven :x: Hell is divided into two discs; the first disc Heaven features a return to the pop punk style of the band's early career, while the second disc Hell is a continuation of the band's more recent heavy metal style. The album will be released nearly five years after Order in Decline (2019), marking the second longest gap between two studio albums in their career; it will also be released on the thirteenth anniversary of Screaming Bloody Murder (2011). It will be their only release on Rise, having departed from independent label Hopeless Records in 2023. It will also be their longest studio album, clocking in at 55 minutes. The band released the lead single "Landmines" on September 27, 2023. A second single, "Rise Up", was released on December 12. | 2023-12-16T14:03:14Z | 2023-12-30T22:13:09Z | [
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"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Notelist",
"Template:Sum 41",
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"Template:Track listing",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaven_:x:_Hell |
75,578,390 | Bangadi | Bangadi is a town located in Haut-Uele Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
During Belgian colonial rule, Bangadi was an important town.
After the Duru attack happened in September 2008, the town residents established a self-defense group due to their distrust of the government. On 8 October, 120 self-defense group militias attacked the town police station and gained few firearms. LRA attacked Bangadi on 19 October, killing 9 and abducting 41 children. They looted and burned houses and pillaged a health center. Nevertheless, the town residents defeated them before reaching the central market. Due to the attack, the residents fled to the bush. During the Christmas massacres, LRA killed 48 people in Bangadi areas.
LRA stormed Bangadi on 22 January 2009 and the town self-defense group repelled the attack and chased them to the outskirts of the town. Two days later, FARDC sent 175 soldiers from the 911th Battalion to the town. The Bangadi self-defense group was abolished in June 2009 due to the order of Major Nelson Mugaba. In December 2009, the 911th Battalion departed from Bangadi and was replaced by the 912th Battalion.
The town has a primary school.
There is a health center in the town. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Bangadi is a town located in Haut-Uele Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "During Belgian colonial rule, Bangadi was an important town.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After the Duru attack happened in September 2008, the town residents established a self-defense group due to their distrust of the government. On 8 October, 120 self-defense group militias attacked the town police station and gained few firearms. LRA attacked Bangadi on 19 October, killing 9 and abducting 41 children. They looted and burned houses and pillaged a health center. Nevertheless, the town residents defeated them before reaching the central market. Due to the attack, the residents fled to the bush. During the Christmas massacres, LRA killed 48 people in Bangadi areas.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "LRA stormed Bangadi on 22 January 2009 and the town self-defense group repelled the attack and chased them to the outskirts of the town. Two days later, FARDC sent 175 soldiers from the 911th Battalion to the town. The Bangadi self-defense group was abolished in June 2009 due to the order of Major Nelson Mugaba. In December 2009, the 911th Battalion departed from Bangadi and was replaced by the 912th Battalion.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The town has a primary school.",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "There is a health center in the town.",
"title": "Healthcare"
}
] | Bangadi is a town located in Haut-Uele Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. | 2023-12-16T14:11:54Z | 2023-12-27T19:10:42Z | [
"Template:Infobox settlement",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite report"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangadi |
75,578,418 | Israel Otobo | Israel Oyoro Otobo (born 31 May 2004) is a Nigerian professional basketball player who currently plays for Dynamo of the Basketball Africa League (BAL). Playing at center, he has played for the Nigeria national team since 2023.
Growing up in the Bayelsa State, Otobo dreamed of becoming a professional footballer, but switched to basketball at age 14. His father enrolled him at Patriot Academy, where he stayed two years before moving to Lagos. He made his debut for Nigeria Customs in the Nigerian Premier League in 2022 and helped the Customs reach the finals, where they lost to the Kwara Falcons.
Otobo joined Burundian club Dynamo in the 2023 season and helped them win the domestic Viva Basketball League over Urunani. Consequently, Otobo and Dynamo played in the 2024 BAL qualification. There, he averaged 14 points, 13.1 rebounds and 1.5 assists and had four double-doubles in eight games, as Otobo helped Dynamo become the first Burundian team in history to qualify for the Basketball Africa League (BAL).
Otobo made his debut for the Nigeria national team in February 2023 during the 2023 World Cup qualifiers. He averaged 7.7 points and 7.3 rebounds in three qualifying matches. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Israel Oyoro Otobo (born 31 May 2004) is a Nigerian professional basketball player who currently plays for Dynamo of the Basketball Africa League (BAL). Playing at center, he has played for the Nigeria national team since 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Growing up in the Bayelsa State, Otobo dreamed of becoming a professional footballer, but switched to basketball at age 14. His father enrolled him at Patriot Academy, where he stayed two years before moving to Lagos. He made his debut for Nigeria Customs in the Nigerian Premier League in 2022 and helped the Customs reach the finals, where they lost to the Kwara Falcons.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Otobo joined Burundian club Dynamo in the 2023 season and helped them win the domestic Viva Basketball League over Urunani. Consequently, Otobo and Dynamo played in the 2024 BAL qualification. There, he averaged 14 points, 13.1 rebounds and 1.5 assists and had four double-doubles in eight games, as Otobo helped Dynamo become the first Burundian team in history to qualify for the Basketball Africa League (BAL).",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Otobo made his debut for the Nigeria national team in February 2023 during the 2023 World Cup qualifiers. He averaged 7.7 points and 7.3 rebounds in three qualifying matches.",
"title": "National team career"
}
] | Israel Oyoro Otobo is a Nigerian professional basketball player who currently plays for Dynamo of the Basketball Africa League (BAL). Playing at center, he has played for the Nigeria national team since 2023. | 2023-12-16T14:17:01Z | 2023-12-30T12:20:21Z | [
"Template:Infobox basketball biography",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Short description"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Otobo |
75,578,434 | Municipal Solid Waste Charging Scheme (Hong Kong) | The Municipal Solid Waste Charging Scheme (Hong Kong), which is also known as the Waste Disposal (Charging for Municipal Solid Waste) (Amendment) Bill 2018, is a piece of legislation which will come into effect on 1 April 2024. The Scheme was designed based on the 'polluter-pay' principle as first suggested by the Government in 2005, providing economic incentives for the general public to aware of the waste disposal volume and develop a habit in waste reduction, by requiring individuals to purchase designated garbage bags or labels before disposing their trash.
References were taken from experiences in other nearby cities like Seoul and Taipei during the bill drafting process, aiming at taking it to increase the effectiveness in educating the public on the significance in reducing personal waste as a long-term solution instead of expanding Municipal Solid Waste treatment facilities in response to the rise of waste disposal every year.
A six-month phase-in period will be taken place from 1 April 2024 to offer citizens a smooth transition at the beginning of the implementation of the Scheme, with the use of verbal warnings rather than strict enforcement.
Public are charged in two ways, either through designated bags or labels, or gate fee, as aligned with the polluter-pay principle, starting from 1 April 2024. Any non-compliance will lead to a $1,500 fine per penalty notice.
Since the proposal of the scheme, the government aims to launch a programme to reduce waste disposal and increase items to be recycled by the public. The "polluter-pay" principle is used as a form of economic incentive to encourage them to develop recycling habits. At the same time, income from the scheme will be used to fund recycling support for both domestic and commercial sources. Designated bags and labels as the form of charging can be purchased in authorised retail outlets, including supermarkets, convenience stores, online platforms and pharmacies.
For designated bags, nine types of bags with volumes between 3L and 100L, will be sold at a price of 11 cents per litre, while larger bags will be sold for commercial or industrial institutions to fulfil their operational needs. Individuals can also opt to purchase designated labels for large-sized disposal waste at a price of $11. For gate-fee approach, individuals will be charged in weights at a price of $365-395 per ton depending on the disposal location.
The HKSAR Government published 'A Policy Framework for the Management of Municipal Solid Waste (2005–2014)' in December 2005, offering an overview of its suggestions and strategic plans in handling municipal solid waste issues in Hong Kong. The Framework raised the 'polluter-pay' principle for the first time as a form of economic incentive for waste reduction through disposal charges and producer responsibility scheme, with a target to be implemented in 2007 or before.
In November 2006, the Environmental Protection Department launched a three-month trial scheme in 20 housing estates, covering public and private estates as well as government quarters. The Department aims at collecting data and responses from residents and property management companies to explore the logistical arrangements and conduct feasibility study for the proposed charging scheme.
Upon completion of the first trial, a progress report was submitted to the Legislative Council in April 2009, suggesting citizens' major concern is on the effectiveness of enforcement. The Department also stated the importance of the ability in tracing the sources of the municipal solid wastes, which would take local constraints into account when formulating the policy.
In January 2012, the Government launched the first stage of three-month public consultation on the charging methods, with 4 approaches provided to the general public. 63% of the respondents supported the scheme, with 57% of them preferred the use of weight principle in charging. Based on the responses collected, the Government then launched the second stage of four-month public consultation in September 2013 to gain citizens' opinions on the charging level, mechanism, and coverage.
The Environmental Protection Department also rolled out a six-month pilot scheme in April 2014 in 7 housing estates. The estates were invited to select their preferred charging options among the 3 choices provided, with the data collected from the residents' waste disposal patterns analysed afterwards.
In November 2018, the Government introduced the "Waste Disposal (Charging for Municipal Solid Waste) (Amendment) Bill 2018" to the Legislative Council for the first time, proposing two charging modes including 'charging by designated garbage bags' and 'charging by weight' to be applied in the Scheme. A 12 to 18-month preparatory period was also planned to be introduced after the passage of the Bill to allow sufficient preparation time for the government and various stakeholders including the general public.
Concerns against the Bill were mostly raised by members from the pro-establishment parties across the months, with focuses on the enforcement challenges and views from particular sectors that they represent, such as the increase of costs. After around 34 hours of discussions from 15 meetings since the introduction of the Bill, the Bill Committee decided to discontinue the scrutiny over the Bill on 22 June 2020 due to the insufficiency of time to complete discussions and submit the report to the Legislative Council before the term completion of this Council. This would also mean the government could only reintroduce the Bill in the next term of service of the LegCo.
However, since the term of service of the 6th Legislative Council was extended for a year due to COVID-19, and the discussion of this Bill was reactivated again in the Bill Committee. The Government had also made amendments to the Bill, including setting up an 18-month preparatory period with the date compromised with the LegCo and free collections of food wastes from restaurants. The amendments were welcomed by the majority of the Committee members. As a result, the Bill was given the third reading on 26 August 2021, and it was passed with 37 votes in the Council meeting on the same day.
In June 2022, the Government announced that it would conduct an open tender exercise for the production of designated garbage bags in the same month, with a target of announcing the results by the end of the year. However, the Government decided to cancel the tender exercise in November, claiming that the tender price is higher than expected. The exercise was then reopened in April 2023 with amendments made, including the reduction of the ratio of renewable materials and allowing bidders to produce non-locally.
In July 2023, the Government announced a postponement of the implementation date from Q4 2023 to April 2024, stating that as a response to the opinions of relevant sectors; and the Government will not postpone the implementation date further anymore.
In August 2023, the Government announced that four companies won the contracts for the production of designated garbage bags, which were expected to start production in October and able to supply sufficient amount before the implementation of the charging scheme.
The HKSAR Government has made reference to the existing MSW charging schemes in other cities, with Taipei being one of them as a reference of the high-density setting. According to the Government, the amount of MSW in Taipei has been reduced by 30% after implementing a quantity-based charging scheme, reflecting that a MSW charging scheme can effectively serve as a financial incentive to encourage the public to cultivate waste reduction habits.
South Korea's MSW charging scheme relies on a Per Bag Trash Collection Fee System, in which multi-story buildings are subdivided into two separate categories. For residents of high-rise buildings in Seoul, the non-recyclable waste must be separated and the rest would be disposed of in designated public collection containers in the public area of the building. For low-rise buildings, residents would also have to separate the recyclables, but the waste would be disposed of in front of the entrance of the residence.
Seoul stands out in its heightened focus on fly-tipping, i.e. not making use of designated trash bags. A reward system that relies on voluntary groups consisting of members from residents' organizations and non-profit green advocacy groups encourages tipping off authorities if fly-tipping is sighted. Reporting of the behaviour could be rewarded at most 80% of the penalty fly-tippers receive.
In rural areas, monitoring fly-tipping becomes more difficult. As a result, designated plastic bags are not mandated in these areas. Public collection boxes are responsible for collecting both trash and recyclables, and the charges are shared equally by all residents in the rural areas.
A Greeners Action interview in 2023 shows that frontline management staff are yet to have comprehensive knowledge towards the scheme. Information like vending locations, prices and sizes of designated bags, and accurate disposal practices like collection points and types of trash charged are yet to be thoroughly understood by frontline management staff. Interviewees also claim that lack of government education and training would pose difficulties in changing public waste discharging habits.
Facing the scheme, Workers' Unions worry that frontline workers would face an abrupt change and operational challenge in collection practices, as there is insufficient personnel to monitor and report disobedient practices.
Secretary for Environment and Ecology, Tse Chin-wan, explains that a 6 month adaptation period, in which law enforcement will be more lenient, would be introduced in order to change citizens' waste discharge habits through publicity and education.
Nonetheless, there is potential for businesses to transfer the extra cost of municipal waste charge to consumers, as the charging scheme charges industrial and commercial polluters by weight per registered account, through centralised collection.
Workers' Unions claims that the Municipal Waste Charge is regressive. It is punishing for the grassroots, as the charge occupies a larger portion of their income when compared with the middle and upper class. It fails to restrain the wasteful practices of the rich. Furthermore, non-CSSA beneficiaries, despite not being major polluters, do not enjoy preferential treatment from the government, and in turn face heavy extra charges from their subdivided flat landlords or simply through buying designated bags.
Frontline staff are worried that uncollected waste charges would potentially be transferred from households to them when they have to collect municipal solid waste that are not wrapped in designated bags, given their difficulty to locate disobedient households.
The Environmental Protection Department attempts to alleviate grassroot financial burdens by introducing a 6-month distribution of free designated bags at public housing estates, 3-nil buildings, and rural villages. A permanent 10-dollar extra subsidy would also be introduced for CSSA beneficiaries.
Hui Chi-fung, a member of the Legislative Council in 2017, agreed that the bill could help the public to develop the habits of waste reduction. However, he also mentioned that the government should promote to the public the purpose of the scheme, namely to reduce the amount of MSW rather than increasing government's income. He hoped that the government would not easily postpone the implementation date whenever it encouraged difficulties. On the other hand, he expressed concern about increasing the burden on grassroots households. He suggested that the government could reduce the amount of charges during the initial launch. However, for the long term, the government should provide subsidies to for those low-income groups in order to lower their burden.
Another Legco member, Shiu Ka-fai, has similar views to Hui. He agrees that the charging scheme can make the landfill more sustainable but the low-income group may not be able to afford the new expenditure. He suggested that not only the government could offer them financial support but also political organisation could set up fund-raising schemes to distribute the designated bags.
Environmentalists worry that it would be hard for law enforcers to identify and validate usage of designated bags in actual practice, when sealed garbage chute systems, common in Hong Kong buildings, compress trash and tear open the layers of trash.
Property Management practitioners would also face difficulty in searching for disobedient practices and ensure usage of designated bags in household waste collection settings, given that surveillance is unavailable and costly for them, and that they lack enforcement power.
In 3-nil buildings, potential littering problems and public hygiene hazards might arise from neglected, wrongly disposed municipal solid waste, as the effective 'by household' or 'by property' collection methods are unavailable in such premises.
Street municipal solid waste collectors would also face potential conflicts with disobedient citizens when they have no law enforcement power, but a heavy responsibility to city hygiene. Social Workers fear that this might pose workplace safety risks to them.
Cheung Yu-yan is one of the Legco members who opposed the bill. He claimed that the bill was too complicated for the public to understand. Some people may be penalized by law enforcement department for accidentally disposing waste illegally. In addition, he questioned why restaurant needed to be responsible for their customers. He stated that the amount of food waste depended on the customer, so restaurants should not be charged. Moreover, another Legco member, Elizabeth Quat, has also expressed concern about sanitation. As some citizens may refuse to follow the bill, they will dispose of garbage illegally and avoid law enforcement which may lead to hygiene problems. She hoped that the government could monitor some high-risk places, such as the three-nil buildings.
To prepare for the implementation of the scheme, the Government has been conducting works in (1) recycling, (2) publicity campaigns, (3) additional support for citizens, and (4) scheme managements.
As recycling is effective in reducing waste, the government aims at encouraging the public cultivate the habit of recycling by setting up more recycling points to enhance citizens' convenience. In particular, the Environmental Protection Department has set up more than 160 recycling points for the public through the programme of GREEN @COMMUNITY.
To further encourage the public to recycle more in order to achieve reduction in waste disposal, small recycling stores will be set up in 50 public rental housing (PRH) estates for residents. The stores will reward residents who recycle frequently with designated recycling bags.
At the same time, given that 30% of MSW sent to landfills is food waste, the Government will facilitate central collection of food waste to effectively reduce the amount of waste. The Government will launch a trial scheme in PRH estates which aims to collect food waste from 100 public housing blocks by the end of 2023.
The Government has divided the promotion and public education into three periods. The first period began in August 2023 and focused on promoting the implementation time of the scheme and the "Recycle more, Dump less, Conserve more" lifestyle. The practices of different sectors in the scheme were also discussed. The second period will promote different charging practise and educate the public how to prepare for the scheme. The third period will begin two months before the implementation date of the scheme that focus on the retail network of the DBs and encourage the public to follow the bill.
Throughout the publicity period, the Government has also prepared promotional videos narrated in other languages and promotional radio broadcasts targeted for foreign domestic helpers as well as the elderly respectively to inform them better the details of the upcoming MSW Charging Scheme.
It has been a concern by scholars, non-governmental organizations and LegCo members that the Scheme will become an additional expenditure and hence become a significant financial burden to some grassroots, such as residents staying in rural villages, three-nil buildings and PRH estates. In view of this, the Government has planned to provide these households with 20 free designated garbage bags each month for the first six months to alleviate the financial pressure while help them to gradually cultivate the habit of recycling in a long run.
A 10HKD monthly allowance will also be offered by the Government to those who are currently receiving the Comprehensive Social Security Assistance and Old Age Living Allowance.
Two new systems have been developed by the government to support the management of the scheme, namely SIM (Smart Inventory Management) and MID (Manufacturing, Inventory and Distribution). SIM facilitates logistics and demand monitoring for both government and retailers, as well as providing public access to retail locations and reporting functionality. MID helps to manage the supply of bags and labels to ensure compliance with tendering requirements. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Municipal Solid Waste Charging Scheme (Hong Kong), which is also known as the Waste Disposal (Charging for Municipal Solid Waste) (Amendment) Bill 2018, is a piece of legislation which will come into effect on 1 April 2024. The Scheme was designed based on the 'polluter-pay' principle as first suggested by the Government in 2005, providing economic incentives for the general public to aware of the waste disposal volume and develop a habit in waste reduction, by requiring individuals to purchase designated garbage bags or labels before disposing their trash.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "References were taken from experiences in other nearby cities like Seoul and Taipei during the bill drafting process, aiming at taking it to increase the effectiveness in educating the public on the significance in reducing personal waste as a long-term solution instead of expanding Municipal Solid Waste treatment facilities in response to the rise of waste disposal every year.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "A six-month phase-in period will be taken place from 1 April 2024 to offer citizens a smooth transition at the beginning of the implementation of the Scheme, with the use of verbal warnings rather than strict enforcement.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Public are charged in two ways, either through designated bags or labels, or gate fee, as aligned with the polluter-pay principle, starting from 1 April 2024. Any non-compliance will lead to a $1,500 fine per penalty notice.",
"title": "Policy Overview"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Since the proposal of the scheme, the government aims to launch a programme to reduce waste disposal and increase items to be recycled by the public. The \"polluter-pay\" principle is used as a form of economic incentive to encourage them to develop recycling habits. At the same time, income from the scheme will be used to fund recycling support for both domestic and commercial sources. Designated bags and labels as the form of charging can be purchased in authorised retail outlets, including supermarkets, convenience stores, online platforms and pharmacies.",
"title": "Policy Overview"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "For designated bags, nine types of bags with volumes between 3L and 100L, will be sold at a price of 11 cents per litre, while larger bags will be sold for commercial or industrial institutions to fulfil their operational needs. Individuals can also opt to purchase designated labels for large-sized disposal waste at a price of $11. For gate-fee approach, individuals will be charged in weights at a price of $365-395 per ton depending on the disposal location.",
"title": "Policy Overview"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The HKSAR Government published 'A Policy Framework for the Management of Municipal Solid Waste (2005–2014)' in December 2005, offering an overview of its suggestions and strategic plans in handling municipal solid waste issues in Hong Kong. The Framework raised the 'polluter-pay' principle for the first time as a form of economic incentive for waste reduction through disposal charges and producer responsibility scheme, with a target to be implemented in 2007 or before.",
"title": "History & Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In November 2006, the Environmental Protection Department launched a three-month trial scheme in 20 housing estates, covering public and private estates as well as government quarters. The Department aims at collecting data and responses from residents and property management companies to explore the logistical arrangements and conduct feasibility study for the proposed charging scheme.",
"title": "History & Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Upon completion of the first trial, a progress report was submitted to the Legislative Council in April 2009, suggesting citizens' major concern is on the effectiveness of enforcement. The Department also stated the importance of the ability in tracing the sources of the municipal solid wastes, which would take local constraints into account when formulating the policy.",
"title": "History & Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In January 2012, the Government launched the first stage of three-month public consultation on the charging methods, with 4 approaches provided to the general public. 63% of the respondents supported the scheme, with 57% of them preferred the use of weight principle in charging. Based on the responses collected, the Government then launched the second stage of four-month public consultation in September 2013 to gain citizens' opinions on the charging level, mechanism, and coverage.",
"title": "History & Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The Environmental Protection Department also rolled out a six-month pilot scheme in April 2014 in 7 housing estates. The estates were invited to select their preferred charging options among the 3 choices provided, with the data collected from the residents' waste disposal patterns analysed afterwards.",
"title": "History & Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In November 2018, the Government introduced the \"Waste Disposal (Charging for Municipal Solid Waste) (Amendment) Bill 2018\" to the Legislative Council for the first time, proposing two charging modes including 'charging by designated garbage bags' and 'charging by weight' to be applied in the Scheme. A 12 to 18-month preparatory period was also planned to be introduced after the passage of the Bill to allow sufficient preparation time for the government and various stakeholders including the general public.",
"title": "History & Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Concerns against the Bill were mostly raised by members from the pro-establishment parties across the months, with focuses on the enforcement challenges and views from particular sectors that they represent, such as the increase of costs. After around 34 hours of discussions from 15 meetings since the introduction of the Bill, the Bill Committee decided to discontinue the scrutiny over the Bill on 22 June 2020 due to the insufficiency of time to complete discussions and submit the report to the Legislative Council before the term completion of this Council. This would also mean the government could only reintroduce the Bill in the next term of service of the LegCo.",
"title": "History & Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "However, since the term of service of the 6th Legislative Council was extended for a year due to COVID-19, and the discussion of this Bill was reactivated again in the Bill Committee. The Government had also made amendments to the Bill, including setting up an 18-month preparatory period with the date compromised with the LegCo and free collections of food wastes from restaurants. The amendments were welcomed by the majority of the Committee members. As a result, the Bill was given the third reading on 26 August 2021, and it was passed with 37 votes in the Council meeting on the same day.",
"title": "History & Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In June 2022, the Government announced that it would conduct an open tender exercise for the production of designated garbage bags in the same month, with a target of announcing the results by the end of the year. However, the Government decided to cancel the tender exercise in November, claiming that the tender price is higher than expected. The exercise was then reopened in April 2023 with amendments made, including the reduction of the ratio of renewable materials and allowing bidders to produce non-locally.",
"title": "History & Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "In July 2023, the Government announced a postponement of the implementation date from Q4 2023 to April 2024, stating that as a response to the opinions of relevant sectors; and the Government will not postpone the implementation date further anymore.",
"title": "History & Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "In August 2023, the Government announced that four companies won the contracts for the production of designated garbage bags, which were expected to start production in October and able to supply sufficient amount before the implementation of the charging scheme.",
"title": "History & Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "The HKSAR Government has made reference to the existing MSW charging schemes in other cities, with Taipei being one of them as a reference of the high-density setting. According to the Government, the amount of MSW in Taipei has been reduced by 30% after implementing a quantity-based charging scheme, reflecting that a MSW charging scheme can effectively serve as a financial incentive to encourage the public to cultivate waste reduction habits.",
"title": "Overseas Experiences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "South Korea's MSW charging scheme relies on a Per Bag Trash Collection Fee System, in which multi-story buildings are subdivided into two separate categories. For residents of high-rise buildings in Seoul, the non-recyclable waste must be separated and the rest would be disposed of in designated public collection containers in the public area of the building. For low-rise buildings, residents would also have to separate the recyclables, but the waste would be disposed of in front of the entrance of the residence.",
"title": "Overseas Experiences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Seoul stands out in its heightened focus on fly-tipping, i.e. not making use of designated trash bags. A reward system that relies on voluntary groups consisting of members from residents' organizations and non-profit green advocacy groups encourages tipping off authorities if fly-tipping is sighted. Reporting of the behaviour could be rewarded at most 80% of the penalty fly-tippers receive.",
"title": "Overseas Experiences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "In rural areas, monitoring fly-tipping becomes more difficult. As a result, designated plastic bags are not mandated in these areas. Public collection boxes are responsible for collecting both trash and recyclables, and the charges are shared equally by all residents in the rural areas.",
"title": "Overseas Experiences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "A Greeners Action interview in 2023 shows that frontline management staff are yet to have comprehensive knowledge towards the scheme. Information like vending locations, prices and sizes of designated bags, and accurate disposal practices like collection points and types of trash charged are yet to be thoroughly understood by frontline management staff. Interviewees also claim that lack of government education and training would pose difficulties in changing public waste discharging habits.",
"title": "Local Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Facing the scheme, Workers' Unions worry that frontline workers would face an abrupt change and operational challenge in collection practices, as there is insufficient personnel to monitor and report disobedient practices.",
"title": "Local Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "Secretary for Environment and Ecology, Tse Chin-wan, explains that a 6 month adaptation period, in which law enforcement will be more lenient, would be introduced in order to change citizens' waste discharge habits through publicity and education.",
"title": "Local Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "Nonetheless, there is potential for businesses to transfer the extra cost of municipal waste charge to consumers, as the charging scheme charges industrial and commercial polluters by weight per registered account, through centralised collection.",
"title": "Local Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "Workers' Unions claims that the Municipal Waste Charge is regressive. It is punishing for the grassroots, as the charge occupies a larger portion of their income when compared with the middle and upper class. It fails to restrain the wasteful practices of the rich. Furthermore, non-CSSA beneficiaries, despite not being major polluters, do not enjoy preferential treatment from the government, and in turn face heavy extra charges from their subdivided flat landlords or simply through buying designated bags.",
"title": "Local Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "Frontline staff are worried that uncollected waste charges would potentially be transferred from households to them when they have to collect municipal solid waste that are not wrapped in designated bags, given their difficulty to locate disobedient households.",
"title": "Local Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "The Environmental Protection Department attempts to alleviate grassroot financial burdens by introducing a 6-month distribution of free designated bags at public housing estates, 3-nil buildings, and rural villages. A permanent 10-dollar extra subsidy would also be introduced for CSSA beneficiaries.",
"title": "Local Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "Hui Chi-fung, a member of the Legislative Council in 2017, agreed that the bill could help the public to develop the habits of waste reduction. However, he also mentioned that the government should promote to the public the purpose of the scheme, namely to reduce the amount of MSW rather than increasing government's income. He hoped that the government would not easily postpone the implementation date whenever it encouraged difficulties. On the other hand, he expressed concern about increasing the burden on grassroots households. He suggested that the government could reduce the amount of charges during the initial launch. However, for the long term, the government should provide subsidies to for those low-income groups in order to lower their burden.",
"title": "Local Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "Another Legco member, Shiu Ka-fai, has similar views to Hui. He agrees that the charging scheme can make the landfill more sustainable but the low-income group may not be able to afford the new expenditure. He suggested that not only the government could offer them financial support but also political organisation could set up fund-raising schemes to distribute the designated bags.",
"title": "Local Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "Environmentalists worry that it would be hard for law enforcers to identify and validate usage of designated bags in actual practice, when sealed garbage chute systems, common in Hong Kong buildings, compress trash and tear open the layers of trash.",
"title": "Local Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "Property Management practitioners would also face difficulty in searching for disobedient practices and ensure usage of designated bags in household waste collection settings, given that surveillance is unavailable and costly for them, and that they lack enforcement power.",
"title": "Local Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "In 3-nil buildings, potential littering problems and public hygiene hazards might arise from neglected, wrongly disposed municipal solid waste, as the effective 'by household' or 'by property' collection methods are unavailable in such premises.",
"title": "Local Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "Street municipal solid waste collectors would also face potential conflicts with disobedient citizens when they have no law enforcement power, but a heavy responsibility to city hygiene. Social Workers fear that this might pose workplace safety risks to them.",
"title": "Local Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "Cheung Yu-yan is one of the Legco members who opposed the bill. He claimed that the bill was too complicated for the public to understand. Some people may be penalized by law enforcement department for accidentally disposing waste illegally. In addition, he questioned why restaurant needed to be responsible for their customers. He stated that the amount of food waste depended on the customer, so restaurants should not be charged. Moreover, another Legco member, Elizabeth Quat, has also expressed concern about sanitation. As some citizens may refuse to follow the bill, they will dispose of garbage illegally and avoid law enforcement which may lead to hygiene problems. She hoped that the government could monitor some high-risk places, such as the three-nil buildings.",
"title": "Local Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "To prepare for the implementation of the scheme, the Government has been conducting works in (1) recycling, (2) publicity campaigns, (3) additional support for citizens, and (4) scheme managements.",
"title": "Government Preparations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "As recycling is effective in reducing waste, the government aims at encouraging the public cultivate the habit of recycling by setting up more recycling points to enhance citizens' convenience. In particular, the Environmental Protection Department has set up more than 160 recycling points for the public through the programme of GREEN @COMMUNITY.",
"title": "Government Preparations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "To further encourage the public to recycle more in order to achieve reduction in waste disposal, small recycling stores will be set up in 50 public rental housing (PRH) estates for residents. The stores will reward residents who recycle frequently with designated recycling bags.",
"title": "Government Preparations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "At the same time, given that 30% of MSW sent to landfills is food waste, the Government will facilitate central collection of food waste to effectively reduce the amount of waste. The Government will launch a trial scheme in PRH estates which aims to collect food waste from 100 public housing blocks by the end of 2023.",
"title": "Government Preparations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "The Government has divided the promotion and public education into three periods. The first period began in August 2023 and focused on promoting the implementation time of the scheme and the \"Recycle more, Dump less, Conserve more\" lifestyle. The practices of different sectors in the scheme were also discussed. The second period will promote different charging practise and educate the public how to prepare for the scheme. The third period will begin two months before the implementation date of the scheme that focus on the retail network of the DBs and encourage the public to follow the bill.",
"title": "Government Preparations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "Throughout the publicity period, the Government has also prepared promotional videos narrated in other languages and promotional radio broadcasts targeted for foreign domestic helpers as well as the elderly respectively to inform them better the details of the upcoming MSW Charging Scheme.",
"title": "Government Preparations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "It has been a concern by scholars, non-governmental organizations and LegCo members that the Scheme will become an additional expenditure and hence become a significant financial burden to some grassroots, such as residents staying in rural villages, three-nil buildings and PRH estates. In view of this, the Government has planned to provide these households with 20 free designated garbage bags each month for the first six months to alleviate the financial pressure while help them to gradually cultivate the habit of recycling in a long run.",
"title": "Government Preparations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "A 10HKD monthly allowance will also be offered by the Government to those who are currently receiving the Comprehensive Social Security Assistance and Old Age Living Allowance.",
"title": "Government Preparations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "Two new systems have been developed by the government to support the management of the scheme, namely SIM (Smart Inventory Management) and MID (Manufacturing, Inventory and Distribution). SIM facilitates logistics and demand monitoring for both government and retailers, as well as providing public access to retail locations and reporting functionality. MID helps to manage the supply of bags and labels to ensure compliance with tendering requirements.",
"title": "Government Preparations"
}
] | The Municipal Solid Waste Charging Scheme, which is also known as the Waste Disposal (Amendment) Bill 2018, is a piece of legislation which will come into effect on 1 April 2024. The Scheme was designed based on the 'polluter-pay' principle as first suggested by the Government in 2005, providing economic incentives for the general public to aware of the waste disposal volume and develop a habit in waste reduction, by requiring individuals to purchase designated garbage bags or labels before disposing their trash. References were taken from experiences in other nearby cities like Seoul and Taipei during the bill drafting process, aiming at taking it to increase the effectiveness in educating the public on the significance in reducing personal waste as a long-term solution instead of expanding Municipal Solid Waste treatment facilities in response to the rise of waste disposal every year. A six-month phase-in period will be taken place from 1 April 2024 to offer citizens a smooth transition at the beginning of the implementation of the Scheme, with the use of verbal warnings rather than strict enforcement. | 2023-12-16T14:19:20Z | 2023-12-31T10:38:31Z | [
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75,578,453 | Workers' Stadium station | Workers' Stadium station (Chinese: 工人体育场站; pinyin: Gōngrén Tǐyùchǎng Zhàn, also known as Gongrentiyuchɑng Zhɑn) is an interchange station between Lines 3 and 17 of Beijing Subway, of which the Line 17 part is about to open on 30 December 2023 and the Line 3 part will open in 2024. The Line 17 station will be the southern terminus of the northern section of the line until it connects to Shilihe.
The construction of the station started in November 2018. The station is planned to be the interchange station between Line 3 and Line 17. The Line 3 part and the Line 17 part were constructed at the same time.
The structure of the station was completed in March 2023, the Line 17 service between this station and Future Science City North is planned to start in December 2023 and the Line 3 service of the station will start in 2024. The Line 17 section between this station and Shilihe is planned to open no earlier than 2025.
Both the Line 3 and Line 17 stations have underground island platforms. The two lines will share their concourse.
The station is planned to have 7 exits. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Workers' Stadium station (Chinese: 工人体育场站; pinyin: Gōngrén Tǐyùchǎng Zhàn, also known as Gongrentiyuchɑng Zhɑn) is an interchange station between Lines 3 and 17 of Beijing Subway, of which the Line 17 part is about to open on 30 December 2023 and the Line 3 part will open in 2024. The Line 17 station will be the southern terminus of the northern section of the line until it connects to Shilihe.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The construction of the station started in November 2018. The station is planned to be the interchange station between Line 3 and Line 17. The Line 3 part and the Line 17 part were constructed at the same time.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The structure of the station was completed in March 2023, the Line 17 service between this station and Future Science City North is planned to start in December 2023 and the Line 3 service of the station will start in 2024. The Line 17 section between this station and Shilihe is planned to open no earlier than 2025.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Both the Line 3 and Line 17 stations have underground island platforms. The two lines will share their concourse.",
"title": "Station layout"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The station is planned to have 7 exits.",
"title": "Station layout"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Workers' Stadium station is an interchange station between Lines 3 and 17 of Beijing Subway, of which the Line 17 part is about to open on 30 December 2023 and the Line 3 part will open in 2024. The Line 17 station will be the southern terminus of the northern section of the line until it connects to Shilihe. | 2023-12-16T14:23:23Z | 2023-12-31T13:37:42Z | [
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75,578,502 | Natalia Rachynska | Natalia Volodymyrivna Rachynska (Ukrainian: Наталія Володимирівна Рачинська; born 14 August 1970) is a retired Ukrainian assistant football referee. She was the first female to referee a Ukrainian Premier League. Rachynska was selected to become a referee at UEFA Women's Euro 2013. She was also previously a professional football player. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Natalia Volodymyrivna Rachynska (Ukrainian: Наталія Володимирівна Рачинська; born 14 August 1970) is a retired Ukrainian assistant football referee. She was the first female to referee a Ukrainian Premier League. Rachynska was selected to become a referee at UEFA Women's Euro 2013. She was also previously a professional football player.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"title": "References"
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] | Natalia Volodymyrivna Rachynska is a retired Ukrainian assistant football referee. She was the first female to referee a Ukrainian Premier League. Rachynska was selected to become a referee at UEFA Women's Euro 2013. She was also previously a professional football player. | 2023-12-16T14:33:08Z | 2023-12-17T09:14:20Z | [
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75,578,504 | Tsey-Loam | Tsey-Loam (Ingush: Цӏей-Лоам) is a mountain range in the Dzheyrakhsky District of the Republic of Ingushetia. The main peak is Gaikomd [ru] (Ingush: КхаькӀоамтӀе, Кхей-КӀоам).
Since 2014, an international base jumping festival is held annually here, where at the foot of the mountain at an altitude of 1842 meters, the base jumping club “Legendy Gor” was opened.
Mount Tsey-Loam was considered sacred to the ancient Ingush population. Vakhushti of Kartli, in his description of the country of the medieval Ingush in 1745, calls Tsey-Loam the "Gligvi mountain", stemming from the Georgian form of the Ingush self-name — Ghalghai.
It is located in the very center of the Dzheyrakhsky District, 3171 meters above sea level. The range connects mountains Dzhar-Loam, Kuley-Loam, Leymoy-Loam and Pane. The medieval sanctuary Dyalite is situated on top of the mountain. The villages Keli, Leymi, Kog, Kart, Doshkhakle, Egikal can be seen near the foot of the mountain. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Tsey-Loam (Ingush: Цӏей-Лоам) is a mountain range in the Dzheyrakhsky District of the Republic of Ingushetia. The main peak is Gaikomd [ru] (Ingush: КхаькӀоамтӀе, Кхей-КӀоам).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Since 2014, an international base jumping festival is held annually here, where at the foot of the mountain at an altitude of 1842 meters, the base jumping club “Legendy Gor” was opened.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Mount Tsey-Loam was considered sacred to the ancient Ingush population. Vakhushti of Kartli, in his description of the country of the medieval Ingush in 1745, calls Tsey-Loam the \"Gligvi mountain\", stemming from the Georgian form of the Ingush self-name — Ghalghai.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "It is located in the very center of the Dzheyrakhsky District, 3171 meters above sea level. The range connects mountains Dzhar-Loam, Kuley-Loam, Leymoy-Loam and Pane. The medieval sanctuary Dyalite is situated on top of the mountain. The villages Keli, Leymi, Kog, Kart, Doshkhakle, Egikal can be seen near the foot of the mountain.",
"title": "Geography"
}
] | Tsey-Loam is a mountain range in the Dzheyrakhsky District of the Republic of Ingushetia. The main peak is Gaikomd. Since 2014, an international base jumping festival is held annually here, where at the foot of the mountain at an altitude of 1842 meters, the base jumping club “Legendy Gor” was opened. | 2023-12-16T14:33:34Z | 2023-12-20T03:11:03Z | [
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75,578,539 | Siti Zainab | Siti Zainab binti Kimpal (31 December 193? – 21 August 2014), credited as Zainab, also known as Inab, was an Indonesian actress, singer, dancer, and homemaker who was active in the 1940s and 1950s. She was known for her appearance in Singapore film industry along with Kasma Booty and Siput Sarawak. Zainab was the second wife of Zakaria bin Muhammad Amin, an ulama, as well the mother of 7 children, including Gamal Abdul Nasir Zakaria and Rita Puspa Zakaria. Her career were cut short after her marriage when she decided to retired for taking care of his husband children from previous marriage and became a homemaker.
Siti Zainab binti Kimpal was born on 31 December 193? in Southeast Asia, to Siti Khadijah (also stated as Hamidah) and Kimpal. She was raised in theatrical family and educated at Volkschool and religious school, and taking a singing and dancing course with H. Gong, a Singaporean actor.
Zainab was married to Zakaria bin Muhammad Amin, an Indonesian ulama, who was 22 years his senior, in 1956. Their marriage lasted until Zakaria's death in 2006. They had three sons, Zulkarnain and Nukman, both are civil servant, and Gamal Abdul Nasir Zakaria, an Arabic and Islamic education lecturer at Universiti Brunei Darussalam and four daughters, Rinie Yuslina Fairuz, and Rita Puspa, both a civil servant, Nida Suryani, a science teacher, and Sri Purnama Zakaria, an English teacher. She later take a hiatus to take care of her husband's children from his previous marriage and became a homemaker.
As of 2012, Zainab was resided at Gerilya street in Kelapapati, Bengkalis, with her unmarried daughter, Nida, who worked as a civil servant, and her adopted daughter, Misnah, a student from Dedap and acted as matriarch.
Zainab started her career by joined Royal Opera and Dardanella troupe along with her parents before World War II. In 1947, she joined Bintang Berlian troupe in Palembang which was led by her parents as a singer and actress until the city was attacked during Operation Product which later make she escaped to Lubuklinggau. She later joined Sri Budaya troupe again led by her parents as a singer and dancer, and started to dance on stage. But again due to Operation Product, she escaped to Jambi and joined Dian troupe.
From Jambi she returned back to Singapore along with her parents and started to work as a singer and dancer. She signed a contract with Shaw Brothers and later made her film debut in Nasib (1949) as maid, followed by Nilam (1949) taking a role as the child. Zainab later starred in numerous Singapore films as a singer and dancer along with Kasma Booty, Siput Sarawak, and etc. Her next recorded performance was in Rachun Dunia (1950), Bakti (1950), Takdir Ilahi (1950), and her last film debut Dewi Murni (1950). She later left Singapore and return to Palembang along with her parents.
On 28 February 1951, Zainab along with her parents joined Ratu Asia troupe led by Sjamsuddin Sjafei when the troupe was planned to moved to Jakarta. She later performed as a dancer and singer, and released several songs "Sayang di Sayang", "Hari Raya", and etc, which gained a positive response from audience. On 25 May, she performed at Jakarta Art Building and gained a positive response which was credited for her friendly nature and smile.
Siti Zainab at IMDb | [
{
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"text": "Siti Zainab binti Kimpal (31 December 193? – 21 August 2014), credited as Zainab, also known as Inab, was an Indonesian actress, singer, dancer, and homemaker who was active in the 1940s and 1950s. She was known for her appearance in Singapore film industry along with Kasma Booty and Siput Sarawak. Zainab was the second wife of Zakaria bin Muhammad Amin, an ulama, as well the mother of 7 children, including Gamal Abdul Nasir Zakaria and Rita Puspa Zakaria. Her career were cut short after her marriage when she decided to retired for taking care of his husband children from previous marriage and became a homemaker.",
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},
{
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"text": "Siti Zainab binti Kimpal was born on 31 December 193? in Southeast Asia, to Siti Khadijah (also stated as Hamidah) and Kimpal. She was raised in theatrical family and educated at Volkschool and religious school, and taking a singing and dancing course with H. Gong, a Singaporean actor.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Zainab was married to Zakaria bin Muhammad Amin, an Indonesian ulama, who was 22 years his senior, in 1956. Their marriage lasted until Zakaria's death in 2006. They had three sons, Zulkarnain and Nukman, both are civil servant, and Gamal Abdul Nasir Zakaria, an Arabic and Islamic education lecturer at Universiti Brunei Darussalam and four daughters, Rinie Yuslina Fairuz, and Rita Puspa, both a civil servant, Nida Suryani, a science teacher, and Sri Purnama Zakaria, an English teacher. She later take a hiatus to take care of her husband's children from his previous marriage and became a homemaker.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "As of 2012, Zainab was resided at Gerilya street in Kelapapati, Bengkalis, with her unmarried daughter, Nida, who worked as a civil servant, and her adopted daughter, Misnah, a student from Dedap and acted as matriarch.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Zainab started her career by joined Royal Opera and Dardanella troupe along with her parents before World War II. In 1947, she joined Bintang Berlian troupe in Palembang which was led by her parents as a singer and actress until the city was attacked during Operation Product which later make she escaped to Lubuklinggau. She later joined Sri Budaya troupe again led by her parents as a singer and dancer, and started to dance on stage. But again due to Operation Product, she escaped to Jambi and joined Dian troupe.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "From Jambi she returned back to Singapore along with her parents and started to work as a singer and dancer. She signed a contract with Shaw Brothers and later made her film debut in Nasib (1949) as maid, followed by Nilam (1949) taking a role as the child. Zainab later starred in numerous Singapore films as a singer and dancer along with Kasma Booty, Siput Sarawak, and etc. Her next recorded performance was in Rachun Dunia (1950), Bakti (1950), Takdir Ilahi (1950), and her last film debut Dewi Murni (1950). She later left Singapore and return to Palembang along with her parents.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On 28 February 1951, Zainab along with her parents joined Ratu Asia troupe led by Sjamsuddin Sjafei when the troupe was planned to moved to Jakarta. She later performed as a dancer and singer, and released several songs \"Sayang di Sayang\", \"Hari Raya\", and etc, which gained a positive response from audience. On 25 May, she performed at Jakarta Art Building and gained a positive response which was credited for her friendly nature and smile.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Siti Zainab at IMDb",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Siti Zainab binti Kimpal, credited as Zainab, also known as Inab, was an Indonesian actress, singer, dancer, and homemaker who was active in the 1940s and 1950s. She was known for her appearance in Singapore film industry along with Kasma Booty and Siput Sarawak. Zainab was the second wife of Zakaria bin Muhammad Amin, an ulama, as well the mother of 7 children, including Gamal Abdul Nasir Zakaria and Rita Puspa Zakaria. Her career were cut short after her marriage when she decided to retired for taking care of his husband children from previous marriage and became a homemaker. | 2023-12-16T14:39:31Z | 2023-12-29T17:41:20Z | [
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75,578,561 | Business for the Creative Industries | REDIRECT [[Music industry]] | [
{
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"text": "REDIRECT [[Music industry]]",
"title": ""
}
] | REDIRECT [[Music industry]] | 2023-12-16T14:44:30Z | 2023-12-16T17:30:07Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_for_the_Creative_Industries |
75,578,569 | Forestry Agency | The Forestry Agency (林野庁, Rinya-chō) is an agency under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan.
Its headquarters is in Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo.
The agency manages Japan's forests.
The agency keeps track of people who gain forestry businesses that are passed down by their families. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Forestry Agency (林野庁, Rinya-chō) is an agency under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Its headquarters is in Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The agency manages Japan's forests.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The agency keeps track of people who gain forestry businesses that are passed down by their families.",
"title": ""
}
] | The Forestry Agency is an agency under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan. Its headquarters is in Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo. The agency manages Japan's forests. The agency keeps track of people who gain forestry businesses that are passed down by their families. | 2023-12-16T14:45:39Z | 2023-12-17T09:32:52Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Inlang",
"Template:Japan-stub",
"Template:Nihongo",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestry_Agency |
75,578,610 | Chandramukhi (2022 soundtrack) | Chandramukhi is the soundtrack to the 2022 Marathi film of the same name directed by Prasad Oak starring Amruta Khanvilkar in the titular role alongside Adinath Kothare and Mrunmayee Deshpande. The film's musical score and six-song soundtrack is composed by Ajay–Atul with lyrics written by Guru Thakur. With four songs preceded the album, the soundtrack to the film released on 28 April 2022 through Everest Entertainment, to positive response from critics and audience and received numerous accolades. The songs "Chandra" and "Bai Ga" were chartbusters.
Chandramukhi marks Ajay–Atul's return to Marathi cinema after four years, since their previous release Mauli (2018). Khanvilkar said that she had been a fan of the duo's work and has felt "a strong emotional connection with them as I have worked with them earlier. They have always been around to bless me on every important milestone of my life". The COVID-19 pandemic halted the film's production process, which led that the duo had more time to work on sketching the compositions and tunes.
The songs were recorded during December 2020–February 2021, with Priyanka Barve, Aarya Ambekar and Shreya Ghoshal recording their vocals for the songs in this period. The title track "Chandra" was recorded within three days, while Ghoshal recorded her vocals in a single day. The duo composed threelavani numbers based on Chandramukhi's character.
The first song from the film—the title track "Chandra"—was released as a music video on 29 March 2022, followed by an official single that released a day later. Prior to the release, Khanvilkar performed the song at an event held at the Royal Opera House to launch her 35-foot tall cut out in Chandra's look. It was subsequently followed by the singles: "Tu Chand Rati", "Bai Ga" and "Sawaal Jawaab" released on 8, 14 and 24 April 2022, respectively. The music generated much anticipation among audiences. Khanvilkar and Kothare performed musical numbers while promoting the film at the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport for advertising the posters on the SpiceJet plane and in the Pune Metro train. The album featuring six-songs were released by Everest Entertainment on 28 April 2022.
All lyrics are written by Guru Thakur; all music is composed by Ajay–Atul
Shubham Kulkarni of Koimoi stated that "Ajay–Atul create an album that is rooted in the story and folk and doesn’t really follow their USP structure". Critic-based at Pune Mirror called Ajay–Atul's music as "the hero in the film" and the songs "catchy". Mihir Bhanage of The Times of India said that Ajay–Atul's music "adds the required rustic touch to the songs and elevates the experience". the songs are "a tribute to Maharashtra's folk culture". The Week's review praised the soundtrack as "amazing". Outlook India called the album as a "mesmermising, enthralling and immersive experience". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Chandramukhi is the soundtrack to the 2022 Marathi film of the same name directed by Prasad Oak starring Amruta Khanvilkar in the titular role alongside Adinath Kothare and Mrunmayee Deshpande. The film's musical score and six-song soundtrack is composed by Ajay–Atul with lyrics written by Guru Thakur. With four songs preceded the album, the soundtrack to the film released on 28 April 2022 through Everest Entertainment, to positive response from critics and audience and received numerous accolades. The songs \"Chandra\" and \"Bai Ga\" were chartbusters.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Chandramukhi marks Ajay–Atul's return to Marathi cinema after four years, since their previous release Mauli (2018). Khanvilkar said that she had been a fan of the duo's work and has felt \"a strong emotional connection with them as I have worked with them earlier. They have always been around to bless me on every important milestone of my life\". The COVID-19 pandemic halted the film's production process, which led that the duo had more time to work on sketching the compositions and tunes.",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The songs were recorded during December 2020–February 2021, with Priyanka Barve, Aarya Ambekar and Shreya Ghoshal recording their vocals for the songs in this period. The title track \"Chandra\" was recorded within three days, while Ghoshal recorded her vocals in a single day. The duo composed threelavani numbers based on Chandramukhi's character.",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The first song from the film—the title track \"Chandra\"—was released as a music video on 29 March 2022, followed by an official single that released a day later. Prior to the release, Khanvilkar performed the song at an event held at the Royal Opera House to launch her 35-foot tall cut out in Chandra's look. It was subsequently followed by the singles: \"Tu Chand Rati\", \"Bai Ga\" and \"Sawaal Jawaab\" released on 8, 14 and 24 April 2022, respectively. The music generated much anticipation among audiences. Khanvilkar and Kothare performed musical numbers while promoting the film at the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport for advertising the posters on the SpiceJet plane and in the Pune Metro train. The album featuring six-songs were released by Everest Entertainment on 28 April 2022.",
"title": "Marketing and release"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "All lyrics are written by Guru Thakur; all music is composed by Ajay–Atul",
"title": "Track listing"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Shubham Kulkarni of Koimoi stated that \"Ajay–Atul create an album that is rooted in the story and folk and doesn’t really follow their USP structure\". Critic-based at Pune Mirror called Ajay–Atul's music as \"the hero in the film\" and the songs \"catchy\". Mihir Bhanage of The Times of India said that Ajay–Atul's music \"adds the required rustic touch to the songs and elevates the experience\". the songs are \"a tribute to Maharashtra's folk culture\". The Week's review praised the soundtrack as \"amazing\". Outlook India called the album as a \"mesmermising, enthralling and immersive experience\".",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Chandramukhi is the soundtrack to the 2022 Marathi film of the same name directed by Prasad Oak starring Amruta Khanvilkar in the titular role alongside Adinath Kothare and Mrunmayee Deshpande. The film's musical score and six-song soundtrack is composed by Ajay–Atul with lyrics written by Guru Thakur. With four songs preceded the album, the soundtrack to the film released on 28 April 2022 through Everest Entertainment, to positive response from critics and audience and received numerous accolades. The songs "Chandra" and "Bai Ga" were chartbusters. | 2023-12-16T14:52:32Z | 2023-12-31T00:04:20Z | [
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"Template:Track listing",
"Template:Nom",
"Template:Won"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandramukhi_(2022_soundtrack) |
75,578,631 | Sattel railway station | Sattel railway station (German: Bahnhof Sattel) is a railway station in the municipality of Sattel, in the Swiss canton of Schwyz. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Pfäffikon–Arth-Goldau line of Südostbahn (SOB).
The station opened with the timetable change 10 December 2023 and replaced another station, Sattel-Aegeri.
The station is in walking distance to valley station of the Sattel-Hochstuckli cable car to Mostelberg and Hochstuckli skiing area.
As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Sattel: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sattel railway station (German: Bahnhof Sattel) is a railway station in the municipality of Sattel, in the Swiss canton of Schwyz. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Pfäffikon–Arth-Goldau line of Südostbahn (SOB).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The station opened with the timetable change 10 December 2023 and replaced another station, Sattel-Aegeri.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The station is in walking distance to valley station of the Sattel-Hochstuckli cable car to Mostelberg and Hochstuckli skiing area.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Sattel:",
"title": "Services"
}
] | Sattel railway station is a railway station in the municipality of Sattel, in the Swiss canton of Schwyz. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Pfäffikon–Arth-Goldau line of Südostbahn (SOB). The station opened with the timetable change 10 December 2023 and replaced another station, Sattel-Aegeri. The station is in walking distance to valley station of the Sattel-Hochstuckli cable car to Mostelberg and Hochstuckli skiing area. | 2023-12-16T14:56:22Z | 2023-12-19T10:12:51Z | [
"Template:Infobox station",
"Template:Rws",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:As of",
"Template:Rcb",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Lang-de"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sattel_railway_station |
75,578,634 | Hazledine | Hazledine is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Hazledine is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:",
"title": ""
}
] | Hazledine is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: William C. Hazledine (1833–1892), American lawyer, state legislator and judge
William Hazledine (1763–1840), English ironmaster | 2023-12-16T14:56:57Z | 2023-12-16T14:56:57Z | [
"Template:Surname"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazledine |
75,578,649 | DXCO | DXCO is the callsign of two stations in Cagayan de Oro: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "DXCO is the callsign of two stations in Cagayan de Oro:",
"title": ""
}
] | DXCO is the callsign of two stations in Cagayan de Oro: DXCO-AM, branded as Radyo Pilipino
DXCO-FM, branded as Heart FM | 2023-12-16T15:00:05Z | 2023-12-17T14:00:21Z | [
"Template:Call sign disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DXCO |
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