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75,578,694 | Somebody's Fool | Somebody’s Fool is a novel by the Pulitzer Prize-winning author Richard Russo, published in 2023. It is the third installment in Russo's "North Bath Trilogy", following Nobody’s Fool (1993) and Everybody’s Fool (2016). The book is set in the fictional town of North Bath in Upstate New York, and it continues the storylines of characters from the previous books. Russo explores themes of small-town life, aging, mortality, redemption, and forgiveness. The book has been well-received, with The New York Times praising it as Russo’s "best book."
Somebody’s Fool is Russo's 10th novel. Russo did not plan to write a second sequel to his original novel, Nobody’s Fool, but he decided to return to the series because he found that it helped him maintain a connection with his late father, on whom the character Donald Sullivan is based. He crafted the novel in long-hand, dedicating around four hours each morning to pen and paper, followed by afternoons of digitizing and editing. His composition of the book came during the COVID-19 pandemic and the George Floyd protests. These events influenced the novel's darker themes, including police brutality and race relations. Russo reflected in an interview, "George Floyd’s murder made me realize I couldn’t write another book with main characters as police officers without addressing the presence of bad cops."
In this final installment of Russo's "Fool's" trilogy, the narrative returns to North Bath, continuing to follow characters from the previous novels. The story unfolds over three days in February 2010, amid the backdrop of North Bath's incorporation into the neighboring Schuyler Springs, a move that was done to reduce expenses. The narrative begins with the death of Donald 'Sully' Sullivan, a central figure in earlier books. His son, Peter, faces the dilemma of leaving North Bath but is held back by a list of people his father left for him to check on. Doug Raymond retires as chief of police, and his romantic partner and subordinate, Charice Bond, fills his old position.
The story follows Peter Sullivan's relationship with one of his estranged sons, Thomas, who was raised by his mother and abusive stepfather in West Virginia. Thomas visits Peter, pretending to be passing through on his way to Montreal. The real reason for his visit is to exact revenge on his father, who he blames for his difficult upbringing. Thomas's visit results in him getting drunk, sustaining a concussion, and falling into a coma after a beating by a corrupt police officer. This event reveals Thomas’s contemplation of arson against Peter’s house. Meanwhile, Doug and Charice have taken a break from their romantic relationship, though Doug desperately wants to get back together with her. They reunite when Charice, in her new role as chief of police, asks Doug for his help in solving the identity of a suicide at the Sans Souci Hotel. Charice, who is black, must also deal with racism and dissension from many of the police officers she oversees.
In the novel's conclusion, Thomas awakens from his coma, and he and Peter discuss the possibility of rebuilding their fractured relationship. Doug discovers the victim in the sucide case to be a former mayor. Charice decides to leave the police force and pursue law school, and she and Doug resume their romantic relationship. Doug accepts an offer to become the new chief of police.
The book received favorable reviews. Hamilton Cain, writing for The New York Times, praised the author, noting that Russo "paints a shining fresco of a working-class community, warts and all, a 30-year project come to fruition in this last, best book." Cain admired Russo's skillful handling of third-person narration and the portrayal of multiple perspectives and small-town dynamics. However, he pointed out that some chapters seemed overly detailed and certain flashbacks could be confusing.
A review in the Washington Post highlighted the storyline involving the character Peter as the most compelling aspect of the book, liking how the character grapples with the man he has become. | [
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"text": "Somebody’s Fool is a novel by the Pulitzer Prize-winning author Richard Russo, published in 2023. It is the third installment in Russo's \"North Bath Trilogy\", following Nobody’s Fool (1993) and Everybody’s Fool (2016). The book is set in the fictional town of North Bath in Upstate New York, and it continues the storylines of characters from the previous books. Russo explores themes of small-town life, aging, mortality, redemption, and forgiveness. The book has been well-received, with The New York Times praising it as Russo’s \"best book.\"",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Somebody’s Fool is Russo's 10th novel. Russo did not plan to write a second sequel to his original novel, Nobody’s Fool, but he decided to return to the series because he found that it helped him maintain a connection with his late father, on whom the character Donald Sullivan is based. He crafted the novel in long-hand, dedicating around four hours each morning to pen and paper, followed by afternoons of digitizing and editing. His composition of the book came during the COVID-19 pandemic and the George Floyd protests. These events influenced the novel's darker themes, including police brutality and race relations. Russo reflected in an interview, \"George Floyd’s murder made me realize I couldn’t write another book with main characters as police officers without addressing the presence of bad cops.\"",
"title": "Conception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In this final installment of Russo's \"Fool's\" trilogy, the narrative returns to North Bath, continuing to follow characters from the previous novels. The story unfolds over three days in February 2010, amid the backdrop of North Bath's incorporation into the neighboring Schuyler Springs, a move that was done to reduce expenses. The narrative begins with the death of Donald 'Sully' Sullivan, a central figure in earlier books. His son, Peter, faces the dilemma of leaving North Bath but is held back by a list of people his father left for him to check on. Doug Raymond retires as chief of police, and his romantic partner and subordinate, Charice Bond, fills his old position.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The story follows Peter Sullivan's relationship with one of his estranged sons, Thomas, who was raised by his mother and abusive stepfather in West Virginia. Thomas visits Peter, pretending to be passing through on his way to Montreal. The real reason for his visit is to exact revenge on his father, who he blames for his difficult upbringing. Thomas's visit results in him getting drunk, sustaining a concussion, and falling into a coma after a beating by a corrupt police officer. This event reveals Thomas’s contemplation of arson against Peter’s house. Meanwhile, Doug and Charice have taken a break from their romantic relationship, though Doug desperately wants to get back together with her. They reunite when Charice, in her new role as chief of police, asks Doug for his help in solving the identity of a suicide at the Sans Souci Hotel. Charice, who is black, must also deal with racism and dissension from many of the police officers she oversees.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In the novel's conclusion, Thomas awakens from his coma, and he and Peter discuss the possibility of rebuilding their fractured relationship. Doug discovers the victim in the sucide case to be a former mayor. Charice decides to leave the police force and pursue law school, and she and Doug resume their romantic relationship. Doug accepts an offer to become the new chief of police.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The book received favorable reviews. Hamilton Cain, writing for The New York Times, praised the author, noting that Russo \"paints a shining fresco of a working-class community, warts and all, a 30-year project come to fruition in this last, best book.\" Cain admired Russo's skillful handling of third-person narration and the portrayal of multiple perspectives and small-town dynamics. However, he pointed out that some chapters seemed overly detailed and certain flashbacks could be confusing.",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "A review in the Washington Post highlighted the storyline involving the character Peter as the most compelling aspect of the book, liking how the character grapples with the man he has become.",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Somebody’s Fool is a novel by the Pulitzer Prize-winning author Richard Russo, published in 2023. It is the third installment in Russo's "North Bath Trilogy", following Nobody’s Fool (1993) and Everybody’s Fool (2016). The book is set in the fictional town of North Bath in Upstate New York, and it continues the storylines of characters from the previous books. Russo explores themes of small-town life, aging, mortality, redemption, and forgiveness. The book has been well-received, with The New York Times praising it as Russo’s "best book." | 2023-12-16T15:07:11Z | 2023-12-19T01:26:59Z | [
"Template:Cite news",
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"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox book",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somebody%27s_Fool |
75,578,702 | Frank Duncan (American football) | Frank Milton Duncan (born November 16, 1956) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the San Francisco State Gators, earning All-American honors in Division II in 1978. He was selected by the Chargers in the 12th round of the 1979 NFL Draft.
Born in San Francisco, Duncan attended Jefferson High School in Daly City, California. He played college ball as a strong safety at San Francisco State University. As a senior in 1978, Duncan was only a second-team all-conference selection in the Far West Conference, though he was named a Division II All-American. He played in the East–West Shrine Game, recording a game-high 11 tackles.
Duncan was selected by the San Diego Chargers in 12th round of the 1979 NFL Draft with the 321st overall pick. Their final pick of the draft, Duncan thought his chances were "slim" to make the team. After the Chargers told him that he had been waived on August 27, 1979, he went home and began packing. However, he was re-signed by San Diego the next day. Injured veterans Louie Kelcher and Doug Wilkerson, for whom the team had cleared room for on their 45-man roster, were then placed on injured reserve, opening space. "Some day [Duncan] will be a starter, and not too long", predicted Chargers head coach Don Coryell.
In Duncan's first two seasons with the Chargers, he played 19 games without a start. In 1981, new San Diego defensive coordinator Jack Pardee named four new starters on defense. Only the cornerbacks remained the same in the secondary, with Duncan and Bob Gregor replacing Pete Shaw and Mike Fuller as safeties. In week 2 against Detroit, Duncan stepped in front of the Lions' Freddie Scott and intercepted a pass from Gary Danielson at the Chargers' one-yard line with seven seconds remaining in the game to preserve a 28–23 win for the Chargers. Duncan was cut by San Diego prior to the start of the 1982 season.
In 1995, Duncan was convicted of felony battery and a misdemeanor battery charge in an attack of his girlfriend during an argument in his parents' home in Daly City. He was sentenced to eight years in prison. | [
{
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"text": "Frank Milton Duncan (born November 16, 1956) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the San Francisco State Gators, earning All-American honors in Division II in 1978. He was selected by the Chargers in the 12th round of the 1979 NFL Draft.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "Born in San Francisco, Duncan attended Jefferson High School in Daly City, California. He played college ball as a strong safety at San Francisco State University. As a senior in 1978, Duncan was only a second-team all-conference selection in the Far West Conference, though he was named a Division II All-American. He played in the East–West Shrine Game, recording a game-high 11 tackles.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Duncan was selected by the San Diego Chargers in 12th round of the 1979 NFL Draft with the 321st overall pick. Their final pick of the draft, Duncan thought his chances were \"slim\" to make the team. After the Chargers told him that he had been waived on August 27, 1979, he went home and began packing. However, he was re-signed by San Diego the next day. Injured veterans Louie Kelcher and Doug Wilkerson, for whom the team had cleared room for on their 45-man roster, were then placed on injured reserve, opening space. \"Some day [Duncan] will be a starter, and not too long\", predicted Chargers head coach Don Coryell.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In Duncan's first two seasons with the Chargers, he played 19 games without a start. In 1981, new San Diego defensive coordinator Jack Pardee named four new starters on defense. Only the cornerbacks remained the same in the secondary, with Duncan and Bob Gregor replacing Pete Shaw and Mike Fuller as safeties. In week 2 against Detroit, Duncan stepped in front of the Lions' Freddie Scott and intercepted a pass from Gary Danielson at the Chargers' one-yard line with seven seconds remaining in the game to preserve a 28–23 win for the Chargers. Duncan was cut by San Diego prior to the start of the 1982 season.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1995, Duncan was convicted of felony battery and a misdemeanor battery charge in an attack of his girlfriend during an argument in his parents' home in Daly City. He was sentenced to eight years in prison.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Frank Milton Duncan is an American former professional football player who was a safety for the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the San Francisco State Gators, earning All-American honors in Division II in 1978. He was selected by the Chargers in the 12th round of the 1979 NFL Draft. | 2023-12-16T15:10:46Z | 2023-12-21T09:58:42Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Duncan_(American_football) |
75,578,704 | Ninaithen Vandhai (TV series) | Ninaithen Vandhai is an upcoming Indian Tamil-language television series starring Ganesh Venkatraman, Keerthana Podhuval and Jasmine Rath. The series will be released on Zee Tamil in 2024.
The series tells the romance between a Businessman (Ganesh Venkatraman) who has a four children. After the death of his wife, Her wife's soul (Keerthana Podhuval) has not got salvation and she is wandering in the house and protects and watches over the children. The rest of the story is about finding the right person to look after her children.
Actor Ganesh Venkatraman is cast in the main lead role in the serial, making his comeback full-fledged return to television silverscreen after a hiatus of 17 years. Keerthana Podhuval is cast in the female lead role in the serial, returning to Tamil television after Thirumathi Hitler nearly two years.
The first promo was unveiled on 13 December 2023, featuring Ganesh Venkatraman. | [
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"text": "Ninaithen Vandhai is an upcoming Indian Tamil-language television series starring Ganesh Venkatraman, Keerthana Podhuval and Jasmine Rath. The series will be released on Zee Tamil in 2024.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The series tells the romance between a Businessman (Ganesh Venkatraman) who has a four children. After the death of his wife, Her wife's soul (Keerthana Podhuval) has not got salvation and she is wandering in the house and protects and watches over the children. The rest of the story is about finding the right person to look after her children.",
"title": "Synopsis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Actor Ganesh Venkatraman is cast in the main lead role in the serial, making his comeback full-fledged return to television silverscreen after a hiatus of 17 years. Keerthana Podhuval is cast in the female lead role in the serial, returning to Tamil television after Thirumathi Hitler nearly two years.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The first promo was unveiled on 13 December 2023, featuring Ganesh Venkatraman.",
"title": "Production"
}
] | Ninaithen Vandhai is an upcoming Indian Tamil-language television series starring Ganesh Venkatraman, Keerthana Podhuval and Jasmine Rath. The series will be released on Zee Tamil in 2024. | 2023-12-16T15:10:59Z | 2023-12-29T15:04:23Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninaithen_Vandhai_(TV_series) |
75,578,725 | Patrik Pietschmann | Patrik Pietschmann (born April 17, 1988) is a German composer, arranger and keyboardist. He became known for his self-programmed software, which he uses to visualise his works. He was born in Varnsdorf, Czechoslovakia lives in Germany since 1990 and runs a YouTube channel with over 1.8 million subscribers and more than 557 million views, on which he presents his works. Most of these are also available on digital music stores such as Apple Music, Spotify, Deezer and YouTube Music. Pietschmann is self-employed and describes himself as a "full-time YouTube pianist."
He became interested in playing the keyboard at an early age and took his first keyboard lessons at the age of 6 on a Yamaha PSR-510. After 7 years of lessons, he began played on a Yamaha CVP-207 and won the Tasto Solo competion in the same year. He took lessons at the Academy of Musical Arts in Darmstadt with musicians such as Oliver Kolb (piano/keyboard), Alois Bröder (music theory) and Erwin Tomczyk (clarinet). After his civilian service, he began studying music with a focus on composition at the Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts in 2008.
Since his lessons in Darmstadt, Pietschmann has performed in several music projects, including with Jonathan Eio and opera singer Anke Haas. When he first heard the music of Hans Zimmer in the film Gladiator at the age of 17, he was fascinated and has taken Zimmer as his role model ever since.
In addition to his music studies in Frankfurt, Pietschmann directed various orchestral and choral projects and initiated several studio projects in the field of film music in collaboration with The Hessen Film and Media Academy, among others. In these projects, he was particularly active as orchestra manager, composer and arranger. Later, Patrik Pietschmann worked primarily as a musical director and keyboardist in the musical sector.
In 2014, he published his first arrangements for piano/keyboard, mainly of film music, including "Time" from Inception with over 11 million views. This was followed in 2016 by the main theme from Interstellar with over 84 million views, which enabled Pietschmann to make composing and arranging a career.
Pietschmann sells the sheet music for his works mostly digitally on Musicnotes and Gumroad. In 2021, Schott Music published the music volume "Movies and TV at the piano" for piano/keyboard. This contains 10 arrangements, including Interstellar, Pirates of the Caribbean and Time.
In 2001, Pietschmann won the European Championship in Interlaken, Switzerland as part of the Tasto Solo Competition for electronic keyboard instruments with the highest exeptional prize included, as well as the German Championship. In 2002, he also won the German Runner-Up in the same competition and took second place in the German Championship. In 2003, Patrik Pietschmann won the first prize of the German Championship in the Tasto Solo Competition for electronic keyboard instruments for the second time. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Patrik Pietschmann (born April 17, 1988) is a German composer, arranger and keyboardist. He became known for his self-programmed software, which he uses to visualise his works. He was born in Varnsdorf, Czechoslovakia lives in Germany since 1990 and runs a YouTube channel with over 1.8 million subscribers and more than 557 million views, on which he presents his works. Most of these are also available on digital music stores such as Apple Music, Spotify, Deezer and YouTube Music. Pietschmann is self-employed and describes himself as a \"full-time YouTube pianist.\"",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He became interested in playing the keyboard at an early age and took his first keyboard lessons at the age of 6 on a Yamaha PSR-510. After 7 years of lessons, he began played on a Yamaha CVP-207 and won the Tasto Solo competion in the same year. He took lessons at the Academy of Musical Arts in Darmstadt with musicians such as Oliver Kolb (piano/keyboard), Alois Bröder (music theory) and Erwin Tomczyk (clarinet). After his civilian service, he began studying music with a focus on composition at the Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts in 2008.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Since his lessons in Darmstadt, Pietschmann has performed in several music projects, including with Jonathan Eio and opera singer Anke Haas. When he first heard the music of Hans Zimmer in the film Gladiator at the age of 17, he was fascinated and has taken Zimmer as his role model ever since.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In addition to his music studies in Frankfurt, Pietschmann directed various orchestral and choral projects and initiated several studio projects in the field of film music in collaboration with The Hessen Film and Media Academy, among others. In these projects, he was particularly active as orchestra manager, composer and arranger. Later, Patrik Pietschmann worked primarily as a musical director and keyboardist in the musical sector.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2014, he published his first arrangements for piano/keyboard, mainly of film music, including \"Time\" from Inception with over 11 million views. This was followed in 2016 by the main theme from Interstellar with over 84 million views, which enabled Pietschmann to make composing and arranging a career.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Pietschmann sells the sheet music for his works mostly digitally on Musicnotes and Gumroad. In 2021, Schott Music published the music volume \"Movies and TV at the piano\" for piano/keyboard. This contains 10 arrangements, including Interstellar, Pirates of the Caribbean and Time.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 2001, Pietschmann won the European Championship in Interlaken, Switzerland as part of the Tasto Solo Competition for electronic keyboard instruments with the highest exeptional prize included, as well as the German Championship. In 2002, he also won the German Runner-Up in the same competition and took second place in the German Championship. In 2003, Patrik Pietschmann won the first prize of the German Championship in the Tasto Solo Competition for electronic keyboard instruments for the second time.",
"title": "Awards"
}
] | Patrik Pietschmann is a German composer, arranger and keyboardist. He became known for his self-programmed software, which he uses to visualise his works. He was born in Varnsdorf, Czechoslovakia lives in Germany since 1990 and runs a YouTube channel with over 1.8 million subscribers and more than 557 million views, on which he presents his works. Most of these are also available on digital music stores such as Apple Music, Spotify, Deezer and YouTube Music. Pietschmann is self-employed and describes himself as a "full-time YouTube pianist." | 2023-11-25T14:24:14Z | 2023-12-28T07:22:27Z | [
"Template:Short description",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrik_Pietschmann |
75,578,729 | Innamorato (Blanco album) | Innamorato (transl. In love) is the second studio album by Italian singer Blanco. The album was produced by Michelangelo and released on 14 April 2023 by Island Records and Universal.
The album peaked at number 1 of FIMI's album chart and was certified platinum in Italy. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Innamorato (transl. In love) is the second studio album by Italian singer Blanco. The album was produced by Michelangelo and released on 14 April 2023 by Island Records and Universal.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The album peaked at number 1 of FIMI's album chart and was certified platinum in Italy.",
"title": ""
}
] | Innamorato is the second studio album by Italian singer Blanco. The album was produced by Michelangelo and released on 14 April 2023 by Island Records and Universal. The album peaked at number 1 of FIMI's album chart and was certified platinum in Italy. | 2023-12-16T15:14:21Z | 2023-12-17T21:16:12Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innamorato_(Blanco_album) |
75,578,738 | Kendeng | Kedeng is a 1,732 m (5,682 ft) high stratovolcano on western Java, Indonesia. The volcano comprises andesites and andesitic breccias which date back to the Pleistocene. It was active between 1.8 million and 700 thousand years ago. The volcano presently does not display any surface activity. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Kedeng is a 1,732 m (5,682 ft) high stratovolcano on western Java, Indonesia. The volcano comprises andesites and andesitic breccias which date back to the Pleistocene. It was active between 1.8 million and 700 thousand years ago. The volcano presently does not display any surface activity.",
"title": ""
}
] | Kedeng is a 1,732 m (5,682 ft) high stratovolcano on western Java, Indonesia. The volcano comprises andesites and andesitic breccias which date back to the Pleistocene. It was active between 1.8 million and 700 thousand years ago. The volcano presently does not display any surface activity. | 2023-12-16T15:16:43Z | 2023-12-17T12:37:13Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendeng |
75,578,742 | Neil Seeman | Neil Seeman is a Canadian author on mental health and health policy topics. His contributions seek to describe mental health stigma in business as seen through his experiences as an entrepreneur.
Neil Seeman attended Upper Canada College from 1984 to 1988. He obtained a BA from Queen's University in 1992, a JD from the University of Toronto Faculty of Law in 1995, and a Master's of Public Health from Harvard University in 1998.
In 1998, Seeman was a founding member of the editorial board of the National Post newspaper. In 2006, he co-founded the Health Strategy Innovation Cell at Massey College in the University of Toronto. Seeman is the co-author of Psyche in the Lab: Celebrating Brain Science in Canada (Hogrefe & Huber). He is the co-author of XXL: Obesity and the Limits of Shame (University of Toronto Press). The authors' concept of "healthy living vouchers" in XXL was criticized for being impractical and too reliant on state intervention to be effective as a policy tool to curtail the obesity epidemic.
In 2009, Seeman founded RIWI Corp. He was CEO of RIWI until September, 2021. In May, 2023, he published Accelerated Minds: Unlocking the Fascinating, Inspiring, and Often Destructive Impulses that Drive the Entrepreneurial Brain. In November, 2023, he co-founded Sutherland House Experts, for which he is CEO and Publisher.
He was appointed a Fields Institute Fellow in 2022 by the Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences. He is a Senior Fellow of Massey College and a Senior Fellow and Adjunct Professor in the Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation at the University of Toronto. He serves as Senior Academic Advisor to the Investigative Journalism Bureau at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, and as knowledge translation lead to the Health Informatics, Visualization, and Equity (HIVE) Lab at the University of Toronto.
Seeman is the son of dopamine scientist Philip Seeman and women's mental health researcher Mary V. Seeman. He is married to Sarit Goldman-Seeman and is the father of Dori Seeman and David Seeman. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Neil Seeman is a Canadian author on mental health and health policy topics. His contributions seek to describe mental health stigma in business as seen through his experiences as an entrepreneur.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Neil Seeman attended Upper Canada College from 1984 to 1988. He obtained a BA from Queen's University in 1992, a JD from the University of Toronto Faculty of Law in 1995, and a Master's of Public Health from Harvard University in 1998.",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1998, Seeman was a founding member of the editorial board of the National Post newspaper. In 2006, he co-founded the Health Strategy Innovation Cell at Massey College in the University of Toronto. Seeman is the co-author of Psyche in the Lab: Celebrating Brain Science in Canada (Hogrefe & Huber). He is the co-author of XXL: Obesity and the Limits of Shame (University of Toronto Press). The authors' concept of \"healthy living vouchers\" in XXL was criticized for being impractical and too reliant on state intervention to be effective as a policy tool to curtail the obesity epidemic.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2009, Seeman founded RIWI Corp. He was CEO of RIWI until September, 2021. In May, 2023, he published Accelerated Minds: Unlocking the Fascinating, Inspiring, and Often Destructive Impulses that Drive the Entrepreneurial Brain. In November, 2023, he co-founded Sutherland House Experts, for which he is CEO and Publisher.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "He was appointed a Fields Institute Fellow in 2022 by the Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences. He is a Senior Fellow of Massey College and a Senior Fellow and Adjunct Professor in the Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation at the University of Toronto. He serves as Senior Academic Advisor to the Investigative Journalism Bureau at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, and as knowledge translation lead to the Health Informatics, Visualization, and Equity (HIVE) Lab at the University of Toronto.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Seeman is the son of dopamine scientist Philip Seeman and women's mental health researcher Mary V. Seeman. He is married to Sarit Goldman-Seeman and is the father of Dori Seeman and David Seeman.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Neil Seeman is a Canadian author on mental health and health policy topics. His contributions seek to describe mental health stigma in business as seen through his experiences as an entrepreneur. | 2023-12-16T15:17:52Z | 2023-12-19T13:26:19Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Seeman |
75,578,759 | Valiente Toyama | Valiente Toyama, formerly Seiyū Club, is a football club. | [
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75,578,771 | Talshik | Talshik (Kazakh: Талшық) is a settlement and the administrative center of Akzhar District in North Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan. It is the head of the Talshik rural district (KATO code - 593430100). Population: 10,234 (2009 Census results); 4,074 (1999 Census results).
Talshik lies 222 kilometers (138 mi) to the southeast of Petropavl. | [
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] | Talshik is a settlement and the administrative center of Akzhar District in North Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan. It is the head of the Talshik rural district. Population: 10,234; 4,074. | 2023-12-16T15:22:29Z | 2023-12-16T16:24:33Z | [
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75,578,782 | Time Out Worldwide | Time Out (magazine) | [
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"text": "Time Out (magazine)",
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] | Time Out (magazine) | 2023-12-16T15:25:41Z | 2023-12-16T15:25:41Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Out_Worldwide |
75,578,789 | Gothic War in Spain (416-418) | The Gothic War in Spain was a military operation of the Visigoths commissioned by the West Roman Empire. This operation consisted of multiple campaigns that took place between 416 and 418 and were directed against the Vandals and the Alans to restore Roman power in the Spanish provinces of Betica, Lusitania and Cartaginense. As far as is known, the Roman field army was not involved in the battles, only foederati units fought on the side of the Romans. According to Thompson played the Hasdingi in Gallaecia a dubious role in this war.
The history of this war is briefly handed down, the main source is Hydatius (400-469), bishop of Chaves. Without his Chronicles, no history of Spain would have been known in the 5th century. Another contemporary is Orosius (375-420). Furthermore, Sidonius Apollinaris (430-486), the nameless Gallic Chronicle of 452, and Isidore of Seville (560-636) are useful sources. Also prominent historians such as E.A. Thompson and B.P. Bachrach have written the necessary about the period.
The broad outlines of the events are known. After three years of warfare, the Visigoths knocked down Romes' enemies in Spain and almost destroyed them. Fredebal, the king of the Silingen was captured and Attaces, the Alan king in Lusitania, was killed. Gunderic, the Vandal Hasdingi king in Gallaecia, was lucky, because they were not attacked by the Visigoths. Unfortunately, the reason for this has not been reported and the answer to it has been provided by later historians. According to Thompson, Gunderic was accepted by the emperor as an ally and it was his troops who dealted a heavy blow to the Alans in Carthaginensis. At that moment Constantius thought it was enough and intervened, he forced the Visigoths to stop their campaign and they had to leave Spain.
On December 31, 405/406, a coalition of barbaric peoples (Alanen,(Vandals: Hasdingi and Silingi) and Suebi) broke through the Roman border defense on the Rhine and invaded Gallia, which event is known as the Rhine Crossing. In their wake, a trail of destruction arose. Shortly thereafter, the rebellious British army under the leadership of Constantine III crossed the Canal. With a mixture of fighting and diplomacy, the British usurper stabilized the situation and established control of Gaul and Hispania (modern Spain and Portugal). In addition, he had little to fear of the imperial field army that had been largely withdrawn because of the War of Radagaisus.
Constantine managed to reach an agreement with the Alans and Vandals, which allowed him to establish his authority, while the Alans and Vandals in turn could secure their own interests. Part of the Alans, led by King Goar, he managed to persuade to fight by his side.From those barbarians, Constantine created a regiment called the Honorians. which he gave as a task to guard the sts in the Pyrenees.In 409 Constantine's general Gerontius revolted against him in Spain and the Alans regiments were withdrawn from the Pyrenees, allowing the Alans and Vandals to enter the Iberian peninsula without problems.
In October 409, the Vandal, Alanian and Suevian tribes arrived in Spain, where they plunder. The Romans could do little to do with this. Most of Constantine's army units were in the province of Tarragona where they were deployed in the war against the rebellious general Gerontius.
The Spanish-Romans, like their fellow citizens in Gaul, seem to have made no effort to fight with the invaders; they rather joined the fortified cities, villages and castra in the hope that the Alans and the Vandals would move on. The intruders who were nomads in their neighborhood do not seem to have made any attempts to take the fortified places. The inhabitants, although they could only venture into the countryside with some risk, found the fields depted of food. In some areas famine arose, contemporaries report that it was not uncommon for a mother to eat her own children.
In 411, Gerontius, taking his entire armed forces, left Spain to fight Constantine. The newcomers filled this power vacuum and decided to take possession of the land and divide it among themselves. The Alans were the most important group and owned the provinces Lusitania and Tarraconenses, the Vandal Silingi received Baetica, while the Vandal Hasdingi and the Suebi divided the smallest province Gallecia among themselves.
With the Spanish-Roman landowners, they concluded an arrangement for the distribution of the land based on hospitality, i.e. the Alans and other invaders became the guests of the Roman landowners and received a significant part of the income from their estates. In exchange for this income, guests 'protected' their hosts from robbers and looters. They also founded their own settlements. These arrangements seem to have brought peace to Spain temporarily.
Honorius' imperial army was at a distance in ItaIia, where it was bound after the war against Radegast to contain the Visigoths. After the fall of Rome in 410, they were in the south and were now on their way north. In addition, the army was to protect the Italian prefecture from the usurpators Constantine III, Jovinus and Heraclianus. Only after Constantius III, the commander-in-chief of Honorius' army, neutralized these threats and made peace with the Visigoths in 415, did the Romans gather the troops they could miss to be deployed the invaders. However, capacity for this remained limited, as the ongoing wars had halved the Roman army since 395.
The Western Roman Empire had been at war with the Visigoths since 410, albeit there were periods of cooperation. It simply had too few men to defeat the Visigoths, but on the contrary, the Visigothic soldiers were also indispensable in the defense of the empire against its enemies.
In 414, Athaulf, King of the Visigoths, married Galla Placidia, the daughter of Emperor Theodosius (379-395). After the conclusion of this marriage, relations with the Romans were again disrupted by Honorius' general Constantius (who would later become Emperor Constantius III), and who had proceeded to block the Mediterranean ports of Gaul. In response to this, Athaulf proclaimed Priscus Attalus as emperor in Bordeaux in 414. But Constantius' sea blockade was successful and in 415 Athaulf exchanged South-France for Northern-Spain. Attalus fled, fell into the hands of Constantius and was exiled to the island of Lipari.
Ataulf crossed the Pyrenees and installed his court in Barcino (present-day Barcelona) in the Tarraconence. Nevertheless, the arrival to Spain was peaceful, Athaulf met with no opposition. Not confirmed by source material, it seems that Athaulf and Constantius came to an agreement. The peaceful entry into Barcelona, as well as the arrest of Attalus, seem to reflect this, apparently based on the Visigoths' desire for peaceful coexistence with the Romans and that of the Roman Empire to use the power of the Goths to fight the other tribes that had migrated to the interior of Spain years earlier.
After dividing Spain among themselves, the Alans and Vandals of the Romans hoped to receive the status of foederati and addressed a request to Emperor Honorius. In exchange for peace, they offered to fight for the empire as allies, and to show their good will they were willing to give hostages. However, on the advice of his chief adviser, the commander-in-chief of the army Constantius, the emperor rejected this request, with the exception of the Hasdingi. Honorius chose to subjuge the barbarians in Spain, by applying divide and rule, he wanted to weaken them. To realize this plan, the Visigoths, with whom he had recently concluded a new peace treaty, were his main trump card.
In Spain, the Alans were divided into two main groups: a group led by Respendial was located in Cartaginensis and a group under the leadership of Attaces in Lusitania. The Vandals were also divided into two groups; in Silingi and Hasdingi, albeit with this difference that they had been known for much longer (from the 2nd century) as separate tribal associations. The Silings were located in the southern province of Baetica and the Hasdingi in northern Gallaecia.
In Honorius' attack plan to restore Roman authority in the Spanish provinces, the Hasdingi were given a special task to fulfill. He did not charge the reconquest of the province of Cartaginensis on the Visigoths but ordered the Asdingen to do so. Even before the Visigoths took action, the Asdingen under the leadership of king Gunderic went up against the Alans of Respendial and defeated them in a battle that presumably took place near the cities of Toletum and Consabru. The conquered had to place themselves under Gunderics' authority and leave Cartaginensis.
In the middle of the year 416, the Visigothic army left Barcino (Barcelona) and began its campaign against the Silingen. They harboured a special resentment against this people, because the Silingen had benefited from the food shortage among the Visigoths in previous years and had sold their wheat at exorbitant prices. It is unknown how big the army of the Visigoths was, but it will probably have been around 10,000. Except for Wallia, no names of the Roman command have been handed down, this could indicate that Wallia itself held the supreme command. The campaign led them along the coast towards the province of Baetica, which the Silingen had appropriated. The sources do not mention how the journey took, it is suspected that the Visigoths were transported by sea in ships of the Imperial Navy.
In the south of Baetica the Visigoths went ashore and soon attacked the Silingi. After a series of short battles that usually ended indecided Wallia managed to capture their king Fredebal by means of a list.</ref> A decisive battle between the two armies took place near 'western Calpe' (Carteia) where the Visigoths inflicted a destructive defeat to the Silingi. All 417 the victors on the Silings who fled north with their families fled north, where they sought refuge from the Asdingen.
The next target of the Visigoths were the Alans of Attaces. The Visigoths advanced north and entered their territory. At Mérida the capital of Lusitania, they were met by the Alan army with King Attacus at the head. In the battle that took place near the city, the Alan army was defeated and their king was killed in the battle. Just like the other group of Alans and the Silingi had done, the survivors chose to flee to the territory of Hasdingi to join them, and without appointing a new leader.
The Goths only stopped fighting when they were ordered to do so by Constantius. His reasons for this have led to a lot of speculation. Most of these speculations have tried to explain Constantius' action by referring to the state of affairs in Gaul. In addition, many historians are dominated by the belief that the imperial authorities apparently had no objection to the presence of the barbarians as long as the Roman administrative structure was maintained, and the latter had now been met. The Goths had stripped Baetica and Lusitania of their Vandal and Alan inhabitants.
Now that the goal of the war was reached, after the defeat of the Alans in 418, Constantius ordered the Goths to stop the campaign and go to Gaul where they were given a settlement area in the province Aquitania. This meant that no war was waged against the barbarians who stayed in Gallaecia. The empire continued its alliance agreement with the Asdingen, while the Sueven were finally also left alone.
When the "enemies" were subdued, Guntharic dominated all the remaining Vandals and Alans in Spain.
With this outcome of the war, the Roman Emperor Honorius had managed to recover his provinces disembed in 407 and restore the imperial government in them. For the year 420 there is evidence of the existence of a governor for Hispania and it again had its own field army. Nevertheless, the peace was short-lived, the Vandal king Gunderik already considered his military strength strong enough within two years after the war to expand his territory at the expense of the Suevens. In 421 his army left mountainous Gaul and moved south, where they captured Baetica and defeated the Roman field army. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Gothic War in Spain was a military operation of the Visigoths commissioned by the West Roman Empire. This operation consisted of multiple campaigns that took place between 416 and 418 and were directed against the Vandals and the Alans to restore Roman power in the Spanish provinces of Betica, Lusitania and Cartaginense. As far as is known, the Roman field army was not involved in the battles, only foederati units fought on the side of the Romans. According to Thompson played the Hasdingi in Gallaecia a dubious role in this war.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The history of this war is briefly handed down, the main source is Hydatius (400-469), bishop of Chaves. Without his Chronicles, no history of Spain would have been known in the 5th century. Another contemporary is Orosius (375-420). Furthermore, Sidonius Apollinaris (430-486), the nameless Gallic Chronicle of 452, and Isidore of Seville (560-636) are useful sources. Also prominent historians such as E.A. Thompson and B.P. Bachrach have written the necessary about the period.",
"title": "Sources"
},
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"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The broad outlines of the events are known. After three years of warfare, the Visigoths knocked down Romes' enemies in Spain and almost destroyed them. Fredebal, the king of the Silingen was captured and Attaces, the Alan king in Lusitania, was killed. Gunderic, the Vandal Hasdingi king in Gallaecia, was lucky, because they were not attacked by the Visigoths. Unfortunately, the reason for this has not been reported and the answer to it has been provided by later historians. According to Thompson, Gunderic was accepted by the emperor as an ally and it was his troops who dealted a heavy blow to the Alans in Carthaginensis. At that moment Constantius thought it was enough and intervened, he forced the Visigoths to stop their campaign and they had to leave Spain.",
"title": "Sources"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On December 31, 405/406, a coalition of barbaric peoples (Alanen,(Vandals: Hasdingi and Silingi) and Suebi) broke through the Roman border defense on the Rhine and invaded Gallia, which event is known as the Rhine Crossing. In their wake, a trail of destruction arose. Shortly thereafter, the rebellious British army under the leadership of Constantine III crossed the Canal. With a mixture of fighting and diplomacy, the British usurper stabilized the situation and established control of Gaul and Hispania (modern Spain and Portugal). In addition, he had little to fear of the imperial field army that had been largely withdrawn because of the War of Radagaisus.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Constantine managed to reach an agreement with the Alans and Vandals, which allowed him to establish his authority, while the Alans and Vandals in turn could secure their own interests. Part of the Alans, led by King Goar, he managed to persuade to fight by his side.From those barbarians, Constantine created a regiment called the Honorians. which he gave as a task to guard the sts in the Pyrenees.In 409 Constantine's general Gerontius revolted against him in Spain and the Alans regiments were withdrawn from the Pyrenees, allowing the Alans and Vandals to enter the Iberian peninsula without problems.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In October 409, the Vandal, Alanian and Suevian tribes arrived in Spain, where they plunder. The Romans could do little to do with this. Most of Constantine's army units were in the province of Tarragona where they were deployed in the war against the rebellious general Gerontius.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The Spanish-Romans, like their fellow citizens in Gaul, seem to have made no effort to fight with the invaders; they rather joined the fortified cities, villages and castra in the hope that the Alans and the Vandals would move on. The intruders who were nomads in their neighborhood do not seem to have made any attempts to take the fortified places. The inhabitants, although they could only venture into the countryside with some risk, found the fields depted of food. In some areas famine arose, contemporaries report that it was not uncommon for a mother to eat her own children.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 411, Gerontius, taking his entire armed forces, left Spain to fight Constantine. The newcomers filled this power vacuum and decided to take possession of the land and divide it among themselves. The Alans were the most important group and owned the provinces Lusitania and Tarraconenses, the Vandal Silingi received Baetica, while the Vandal Hasdingi and the Suebi divided the smallest province Gallecia among themselves.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "With the Spanish-Roman landowners, they concluded an arrangement for the distribution of the land based on hospitality, i.e. the Alans and other invaders became the guests of the Roman landowners and received a significant part of the income from their estates. In exchange for this income, guests 'protected' their hosts from robbers and looters. They also founded their own settlements. These arrangements seem to have brought peace to Spain temporarily.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Honorius' imperial army was at a distance in ItaIia, where it was bound after the war against Radegast to contain the Visigoths. After the fall of Rome in 410, they were in the south and were now on their way north. In addition, the army was to protect the Italian prefecture from the usurpators Constantine III, Jovinus and Heraclianus. Only after Constantius III, the commander-in-chief of Honorius' army, neutralized these threats and made peace with the Visigoths in 415, did the Romans gather the troops they could miss to be deployed the invaders. However, capacity for this remained limited, as the ongoing wars had halved the Roman army since 395.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The Western Roman Empire had been at war with the Visigoths since 410, albeit there were periods of cooperation. It simply had too few men to defeat the Visigoths, but on the contrary, the Visigothic soldiers were also indispensable in the defense of the empire against its enemies.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In 414, Athaulf, King of the Visigoths, married Galla Placidia, the daughter of Emperor Theodosius (379-395). After the conclusion of this marriage, relations with the Romans were again disrupted by Honorius' general Constantius (who would later become Emperor Constantius III), and who had proceeded to block the Mediterranean ports of Gaul. In response to this, Athaulf proclaimed Priscus Attalus as emperor in Bordeaux in 414. But Constantius' sea blockade was successful and in 415 Athaulf exchanged South-France for Northern-Spain. Attalus fled, fell into the hands of Constantius and was exiled to the island of Lipari.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Ataulf crossed the Pyrenees and installed his court in Barcino (present-day Barcelona) in the Tarraconence. Nevertheless, the arrival to Spain was peaceful, Athaulf met with no opposition. Not confirmed by source material, it seems that Athaulf and Constantius came to an agreement. The peaceful entry into Barcelona, as well as the arrest of Attalus, seem to reflect this, apparently based on the Visigoths' desire for peaceful coexistence with the Romans and that of the Roman Empire to use the power of the Goths to fight the other tribes that had migrated to the interior of Spain years earlier.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "After dividing Spain among themselves, the Alans and Vandals of the Romans hoped to receive the status of foederati and addressed a request to Emperor Honorius. In exchange for peace, they offered to fight for the empire as allies, and to show their good will they were willing to give hostages. However, on the advice of his chief adviser, the commander-in-chief of the army Constantius, the emperor rejected this request, with the exception of the Hasdingi. Honorius chose to subjuge the barbarians in Spain, by applying divide and rule, he wanted to weaken them. To realize this plan, the Visigoths, with whom he had recently concluded a new peace treaty, were his main trump card.",
"title": "The war in Spain"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In Spain, the Alans were divided into two main groups: a group led by Respendial was located in Cartaginensis and a group under the leadership of Attaces in Lusitania. The Vandals were also divided into two groups; in Silingi and Hasdingi, albeit with this difference that they had been known for much longer (from the 2nd century) as separate tribal associations. The Silings were located in the southern province of Baetica and the Hasdingi in northern Gallaecia.",
"title": "The war in Spain"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "In Honorius' attack plan to restore Roman authority in the Spanish provinces, the Hasdingi were given a special task to fulfill. He did not charge the reconquest of the province of Cartaginensis on the Visigoths but ordered the Asdingen to do so. Even before the Visigoths took action, the Asdingen under the leadership of king Gunderic went up against the Alans of Respendial and defeated them in a battle that presumably took place near the cities of Toletum and Consabru. The conquered had to place themselves under Gunderics' authority and leave Cartaginensis.",
"title": "The war in Spain"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "In the middle of the year 416, the Visigothic army left Barcino (Barcelona) and began its campaign against the Silingen. They harboured a special resentment against this people, because the Silingen had benefited from the food shortage among the Visigoths in previous years and had sold their wheat at exorbitant prices. It is unknown how big the army of the Visigoths was, but it will probably have been around 10,000. Except for Wallia, no names of the Roman command have been handed down, this could indicate that Wallia itself held the supreme command. The campaign led them along the coast towards the province of Baetica, which the Silingen had appropriated. The sources do not mention how the journey took, it is suspected that the Visigoths were transported by sea in ships of the Imperial Navy.",
"title": "The war in Spain"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "In the south of Baetica the Visigoths went ashore and soon attacked the Silingi. After a series of short battles that usually ended indecided Wallia managed to capture their king Fredebal by means of a list.</ref> A decisive battle between the two armies took place near 'western Calpe' (Carteia) where the Visigoths inflicted a destructive defeat to the Silingi. All 417 the victors on the Silings who fled north with their families fled north, where they sought refuge from the Asdingen.",
"title": "The war in Spain"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "The next target of the Visigoths were the Alans of Attaces. The Visigoths advanced north and entered their territory. At Mérida the capital of Lusitania, they were met by the Alan army with King Attacus at the head. In the battle that took place near the city, the Alan army was defeated and their king was killed in the battle. Just like the other group of Alans and the Silingi had done, the survivors chose to flee to the territory of Hasdingi to join them, and without appointing a new leader.",
"title": "The war in Spain"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "The Goths only stopped fighting when they were ordered to do so by Constantius. His reasons for this have led to a lot of speculation. Most of these speculations have tried to explain Constantius' action by referring to the state of affairs in Gaul. In addition, many historians are dominated by the belief that the imperial authorities apparently had no objection to the presence of the barbarians as long as the Roman administrative structure was maintained, and the latter had now been met. The Goths had stripped Baetica and Lusitania of their Vandal and Alan inhabitants.",
"title": "The war in Spain"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Now that the goal of the war was reached, after the defeat of the Alans in 418, Constantius ordered the Goths to stop the campaign and go to Gaul where they were given a settlement area in the province Aquitania. This meant that no war was waged against the barbarians who stayed in Gallaecia. The empire continued its alliance agreement with the Asdingen, while the Sueven were finally also left alone.",
"title": "The war in Spain"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "When the \"enemies\" were subdued, Guntharic dominated all the remaining Vandals and Alans in Spain.",
"title": "The war in Spain"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "With this outcome of the war, the Roman Emperor Honorius had managed to recover his provinces disembed in 407 and restore the imperial government in them. For the year 420 there is evidence of the existence of a governor for Hispania and it again had its own field army. Nevertheless, the peace was short-lived, the Vandal king Gunderik already considered his military strength strong enough within two years after the war to expand his territory at the expense of the Suevens. In 421 his army left mountainous Gaul and moved south, where they captured Baetica and defeated the Roman field army.",
"title": "The war in Spain"
}
] | The Gothic War in Spain was a military operation of the Visigoths commissioned by the West Roman Empire. This operation consisted of multiple campaigns that took place between 416 and 418 and were directed against the Vandals and the Alans to restore Roman power in the Spanish provinces of Betica, Lusitania and Cartaginense. As far as is known, the Roman field army was not involved in the battles, only foederati units fought on the side of the Romans. According to Thompson played the Hasdingi in Gallaecia a dubious role in this war. | 2023-12-16T15:26:02Z | 2023-12-26T14:55:38Z | [
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75,578,806 | Fads, Fakes, and Frauds: Exploding Myths in Culture, Science and Psychology | Fads, Fakes, and Frauds: Exploding Myths in Culture, Science and Psychology is a 2022 book written by Tomasz Witkowski and foreworded by Roy Baumeister.
The book is a collection of 18 skeptical essays divided into five parts. Part one entitled Under the Veneer of Reality raises the paradox of diversity and similarity among people, the importance of the perspective we adopt to view reality, the danger of being influenced by modern gurus, and discusses the culture of victims. In the second part, titled On the Edge of Life and Death, the author mainly deals with the issue of suicide as a choice of ultimate freedom, analyses the effectiveness of various suicide prevention methods and their development over the years, and exposes contradictory social attitudes towards various types of suicide. The second part ends with an essay devoted to the principle of presumed innocence. The third part Behind the Altar of Science is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between wisdom and authority, the importance of the concept of unambiguity in science, and the importance of subtractive epistemology. The fourth part Under the Scenery of Pop Psychology includes essays devoted to: myths related to the modern understanding of loneliness; embodied cognition; errors in the understanding of the concepts of placebo and nocebo; and the scandal related to the falsification of research results on the incidence of lung cancer by Hans Eysenck. The book ends with a part titled Behind the Facade of Therapeutic Culture, entirely devoted to the problems of the effectiveness of psychotherapy, drawing attention to the lack of research on its negative side effects and the conflicts of interest of its researchers. The last essay discusses the ethical problems of psychotherapy, and in particular analyses the behaviour of therapists in terms of compliance with the principle of primum non nocere. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Fads, Fakes, and Frauds: Exploding Myths in Culture, Science and Psychology is a 2022 book written by Tomasz Witkowski and foreworded by Roy Baumeister.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The book is a collection of 18 skeptical essays divided into five parts. Part one entitled Under the Veneer of Reality raises the paradox of diversity and similarity among people, the importance of the perspective we adopt to view reality, the danger of being influenced by modern gurus, and discusses the culture of victims. In the second part, titled On the Edge of Life and Death, the author mainly deals with the issue of suicide as a choice of ultimate freedom, analyses the effectiveness of various suicide prevention methods and their development over the years, and exposes contradictory social attitudes towards various types of suicide. The second part ends with an essay devoted to the principle of presumed innocence. The third part Behind the Altar of Science is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between wisdom and authority, the importance of the concept of unambiguity in science, and the importance of subtractive epistemology. The fourth part Under the Scenery of Pop Psychology includes essays devoted to: myths related to the modern understanding of loneliness; embodied cognition; errors in the understanding of the concepts of placebo and nocebo; and the scandal related to the falsification of research results on the incidence of lung cancer by Hans Eysenck. The book ends with a part titled Behind the Facade of Therapeutic Culture, entirely devoted to the problems of the effectiveness of psychotherapy, drawing attention to the lack of research on its negative side effects and the conflicts of interest of its researchers. The last essay discusses the ethical problems of psychotherapy, and in particular analyses the behaviour of therapists in terms of compliance with the principle of primum non nocere.",
"title": "Outline"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "Outline"
}
] | Fads, Fakes, and Frauds: Exploding Myths in Culture, Science and Psychology is a 2022 book written by Tomasz Witkowski and foreworded by Roy Baumeister. | 2023-12-16T15:27:26Z | 2023-12-17T08:33:11Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fads,_Fakes,_and_Frauds:_Exploding_Myths_in_Culture,_Science_and_Psychology |
75,578,837 | Pachyoryctes | Pachyoryctes is a genus of rhinoceros beetles in the family Scarabaeidae.
The genus Pachyoryctes consists of 2 species: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Pachyoryctes is a genus of rhinoceros beetles in the family Scarabaeidae.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The genus Pachyoryctes consists of 2 species:",
"title": "List of species"
}
] | Pachyoryctes is a genus of rhinoceros beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. | 2023-12-16T15:31:59Z | 2023-12-18T14:30:37Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Automatic taxobox",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Taxonbar"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachyoryctes |
75,578,846 | Stanislav Beloruscev | Stanislav Nikolayevich Beloruscev (Russian: Станислав Николаевич Белорусцев; born 1967) is a Russian serial killer who committed at least 11 murders in Krasnokamsk, Perm Krai, from 2003 to 2009. Initially convicted of a triple murder and sentenced to life imprisonment, he has since confessed to eight other murders over a period of several years.
Very little is known about Beloruscev's early life. He was born in Krasnokamsk in 1967, and since the mid-1980s, he developed an addiction to alcohol. During the Soviet and post-Soviet years, he has been convicted of four times on different charges.
In 2009, Beloruscev was arrested for murdering three people in Krasnokamsk. While drinking alcohol together, a quarrel occurred Beloruscev and his three acquaintances, during which he bludgeoned them to death with a dumbbell disk and stabbed them multiple times. On September 10, 2010, he was convicted and received a life term, after which he was transferred to the Black Dolphin Prison to serve his sentence. Over the following years, he would periodically contact the Investigative Committee of Perm Krai and confess to eight additional murders committed between 2003 and 2009.
In 2013, he confessed to the murders of three other people who were killed in Krasnokamsk between August 2004 and January 2005. Beloruscev left the colony and was returned to Krasnokamsk, where he was interrogated and took place in interrogative experiments to reproduce what had happened. For the first murder, Beloruscev claimed that he and an acquaintance were walking through the city at night and searching for a place to drink vodka when he noticed that the lights were turned on in a nearby apartment. They decided to go and knock on the door, and when the door was opened, they learned that the homeowner was an elderly woman who lived by herself. The two men then barged inside and started rummaging through cupboards and closets to look for alcohol and money. Beloruscev claimed that he stabbed the woman after she raised a ruckus, tried to kick them out and threatened to call the police. He said that he committed the following two murders in a similar manner. On September 20, 2013, he was convicted via jury trial for the murders and sentenced to another life term.
Between 2015 and 2016, he admitted to two additional murders, for which he was respectively convicted and given two additional life terms by the Perm Regional Court.
After the second trial, Beloruscev was returned to the Black Dolphin Prison, but in mid-2017, he was again returned to Krasnokamsk after confessing to his ninth murder. According to him, he had murdered an acquaintance surnamed Deriglazov at the man's apartment on Zvezdnaya Street in April 2004. Beloruscev claimed that after getting into an argument with him, he punched Deriglazov twice in the face and then, armed with scissors, he struck him at least four times in the neck and back. One of the cuts caused damage to Deriglazov's larynx on the right carotid artery and the jugular vein, in addition to the stabs in the back, caused him to bleed to death. His testimony was confirmed by a female cohabitant, as she stated that at the time of the crime, she worked as a saleswoman at a kiosk in the Zvezdny neighborhood and had seen the two men drinking alcohol near her workplace before going to Deriglazov's apartment. At the end of the working day, the woman went to look for Beloruscev and met with a friend, Popova, who told her that the two men were at Deriglazov's apartment, where they got into a fight because the latter was sexually harassing her. She said that Beloruscev threatened to kill Deriglazov and then kicked her out of the apartment.
About an hour after the murder, Beloruscev left the apartment and met the witness on the street, after which she went to the apartment herself and found the corpse. She said that later that day Beloruscev queried her and Popova if they had seen anything suspicious, but neither said that they had seen the body. The two women never contacted the police about this incident, out of fear that Beloruscev would hurt them as well. On November 9, 2017, he was found guilty of Deriglazov's murder and given an additional 10-year sentence to be served concurrently with the existing life sentences.
A few months after the trial, in early 2018, Beloruscev confessed to his tenth murder, committed in March 2004 with the help of a friend, A. S. Zverev. He claimed that while the two were drinking together, he and Zverev stabbed a fellow vagrant out of personal animosity, after which they dismembered the corpse. They then took the remains and clothes and scattered them across the neighborhood, which were reported to the police a few days later by horrified residents. Beloruscev was escorted to the crime scenes, and pointed out where the two had dumped the remains. His testimony was completely consisted with that of Zverev and the findings of medical examiners, but despite this, he still decided to retract this confession. Nevertheless, he was found guilty of this murder on March 16, 2020, and given an additional 16 years imprisonment. However, as the statute of limitations had passed, Beloruscev was instead returned to the Black Dolphin Prison and serve out his remaining life sentences.
After spending three more years in prison, Beloruscev wrote another letter to the Investigative Committee in early 2023, confessing to his eleventh known murder and, chronologically, his first known. His victim was a local woman named Natalia Korneenkova, the mother of a small child had been listed as a missing person for a long time. On January 3, 2003, Korneenkova quarreled with her roommate and went to visit a friend named Zevakina, who herself was living with Beloruscev at the time. During the visit, he raped her in the toilet and then strangled her with a scarf, after which he jewelry, 400 rubles and a Nokia 3310. Zevakina claimed that when she returned to the room, Korneenkova was already dead, a claim corroborated by Beloruscev, who added that he threatened to kill her if she did not have sex with him on the sofa, where he had placed the murdered woman's body, after which he left Zevakina go.
Beloruscev then told the investigators that he kept the woman's body on his balcony for several days, after which he dismembered it and scattered the remains around Krasnokamsk. Some passers-by found fragments of her pelvis and thigh bones soon after, but the skull was only found in 2007 near a boiler room. After remaining silent for more than 20 years, Zevakina finally came forward and admitted that she was afraid that Beloruscev would do something to harm her, even if he was still incarcerated.
During the trial, a forensic examination was conducted in order to determine whether Beloruscev could face the charges. The expertise concluded that he had an organic personality disorder brought on from alcohol addiction, causing him to be very irritable, but was nonetheless deemed sane and cognizant of his actions. As a result, he was later convicted of Korneenkova's murder and sentenced to 13 years imprisonment.
After the trial, Beloruscev unexpectedly decided to appeal the verdict. On October 30, 2023, a hearing was held in which he appeared in court via video link and changed his original testimony, claiming that he had in fact been aided by Zverev and none other than Zevakina herself. This time, Beloruscev claimed that Zverev was the actual killer and the one who dismembered the corpse, while Zevakina was the one who had proposed the idea to rob Korneenkova. However, Zverev denied this when questioned, claiming that he had never met Korneenkova and was not in the apartment when the murder was committed.
Beloruscev claimed that he had incriminated himself out of curiosity and accused Zevakina, a witness to the crime, of perjury. He described in detail for several minutes what the sofa looked like in his apartment, accusing Zevakina of giving an incorrect description of it, which supposedly should have invalidated her testimony. Due to this, he demanded that the verdict be overturned, but this was rejected and has since remained unchanged. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Stanislav Nikolayevich Beloruscev (Russian: Станислав Николаевич Белорусцев; born 1967) is a Russian serial killer who committed at least 11 murders in Krasnokamsk, Perm Krai, from 2003 to 2009. Initially convicted of a triple murder and sentenced to life imprisonment, he has since confessed to eight other murders over a period of several years.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Very little is known about Beloruscev's early life. He was born in Krasnokamsk in 1967, and since the mid-1980s, he developed an addiction to alcohol. During the Soviet and post-Soviet years, he has been convicted of four times on different charges.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2009, Beloruscev was arrested for murdering three people in Krasnokamsk. While drinking alcohol together, a quarrel occurred Beloruscev and his three acquaintances, during which he bludgeoned them to death with a dumbbell disk and stabbed them multiple times. On September 10, 2010, he was convicted and received a life term, after which he was transferred to the Black Dolphin Prison to serve his sentence. Over the following years, he would periodically contact the Investigative Committee of Perm Krai and confess to eight additional murders committed between 2003 and 2009.",
"title": "Murders"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2013, he confessed to the murders of three other people who were killed in Krasnokamsk between August 2004 and January 2005. Beloruscev left the colony and was returned to Krasnokamsk, where he was interrogated and took place in interrogative experiments to reproduce what had happened. For the first murder, Beloruscev claimed that he and an acquaintance were walking through the city at night and searching for a place to drink vodka when he noticed that the lights were turned on in a nearby apartment. They decided to go and knock on the door, and when the door was opened, they learned that the homeowner was an elderly woman who lived by herself. The two men then barged inside and started rummaging through cupboards and closets to look for alcohol and money. Beloruscev claimed that he stabbed the woman after she raised a ruckus, tried to kick them out and threatened to call the police. He said that he committed the following two murders in a similar manner. On September 20, 2013, he was convicted via jury trial for the murders and sentenced to another life term.",
"title": "Murders"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Between 2015 and 2016, he admitted to two additional murders, for which he was respectively convicted and given two additional life terms by the Perm Regional Court.",
"title": "Murders"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "After the second trial, Beloruscev was returned to the Black Dolphin Prison, but in mid-2017, he was again returned to Krasnokamsk after confessing to his ninth murder. According to him, he had murdered an acquaintance surnamed Deriglazov at the man's apartment on Zvezdnaya Street in April 2004. Beloruscev claimed that after getting into an argument with him, he punched Deriglazov twice in the face and then, armed with scissors, he struck him at least four times in the neck and back. One of the cuts caused damage to Deriglazov's larynx on the right carotid artery and the jugular vein, in addition to the stabs in the back, caused him to bleed to death. His testimony was confirmed by a female cohabitant, as she stated that at the time of the crime, she worked as a saleswoman at a kiosk in the Zvezdny neighborhood and had seen the two men drinking alcohol near her workplace before going to Deriglazov's apartment. At the end of the working day, the woman went to look for Beloruscev and met with a friend, Popova, who told her that the two men were at Deriglazov's apartment, where they got into a fight because the latter was sexually harassing her. She said that Beloruscev threatened to kill Deriglazov and then kicked her out of the apartment.",
"title": "Murders"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "About an hour after the murder, Beloruscev left the apartment and met the witness on the street, after which she went to the apartment herself and found the corpse. She said that later that day Beloruscev queried her and Popova if they had seen anything suspicious, but neither said that they had seen the body. The two women never contacted the police about this incident, out of fear that Beloruscev would hurt them as well. On November 9, 2017, he was found guilty of Deriglazov's murder and given an additional 10-year sentence to be served concurrently with the existing life sentences.",
"title": "Murders"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "A few months after the trial, in early 2018, Beloruscev confessed to his tenth murder, committed in March 2004 with the help of a friend, A. S. Zverev. He claimed that while the two were drinking together, he and Zverev stabbed a fellow vagrant out of personal animosity, after which they dismembered the corpse. They then took the remains and clothes and scattered them across the neighborhood, which were reported to the police a few days later by horrified residents. Beloruscev was escorted to the crime scenes, and pointed out where the two had dumped the remains. His testimony was completely consisted with that of Zverev and the findings of medical examiners, but despite this, he still decided to retract this confession. Nevertheless, he was found guilty of this murder on March 16, 2020, and given an additional 16 years imprisonment. However, as the statute of limitations had passed, Beloruscev was instead returned to the Black Dolphin Prison and serve out his remaining life sentences.",
"title": "Murders"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "After spending three more years in prison, Beloruscev wrote another letter to the Investigative Committee in early 2023, confessing to his eleventh known murder and, chronologically, his first known. His victim was a local woman named Natalia Korneenkova, the mother of a small child had been listed as a missing person for a long time. On January 3, 2003, Korneenkova quarreled with her roommate and went to visit a friend named Zevakina, who herself was living with Beloruscev at the time. During the visit, he raped her in the toilet and then strangled her with a scarf, after which he jewelry, 400 rubles and a Nokia 3310. Zevakina claimed that when she returned to the room, Korneenkova was already dead, a claim corroborated by Beloruscev, who added that he threatened to kill her if she did not have sex with him on the sofa, where he had placed the murdered woman's body, after which he left Zevakina go.",
"title": "Murders"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Beloruscev then told the investigators that he kept the woman's body on his balcony for several days, after which he dismembered it and scattered the remains around Krasnokamsk. Some passers-by found fragments of her pelvis and thigh bones soon after, but the skull was only found in 2007 near a boiler room. After remaining silent for more than 20 years, Zevakina finally came forward and admitted that she was afraid that Beloruscev would do something to harm her, even if he was still incarcerated.",
"title": "Murders"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "During the trial, a forensic examination was conducted in order to determine whether Beloruscev could face the charges. The expertise concluded that he had an organic personality disorder brought on from alcohol addiction, causing him to be very irritable, but was nonetheless deemed sane and cognizant of his actions. As a result, he was later convicted of Korneenkova's murder and sentenced to 13 years imprisonment.",
"title": "2023 trial"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "After the trial, Beloruscev unexpectedly decided to appeal the verdict. On October 30, 2023, a hearing was held in which he appeared in court via video link and changed his original testimony, claiming that he had in fact been aided by Zverev and none other than Zevakina herself. This time, Beloruscev claimed that Zverev was the actual killer and the one who dismembered the corpse, while Zevakina was the one who had proposed the idea to rob Korneenkova. However, Zverev denied this when questioned, claiming that he had never met Korneenkova and was not in the apartment when the murder was committed.",
"title": "2023 trial"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Beloruscev claimed that he had incriminated himself out of curiosity and accused Zevakina, a witness to the crime, of perjury. He described in detail for several minutes what the sofa looked like in his apartment, accusing Zevakina of giving an incorrect description of it, which supposedly should have invalidated her testimony. Due to this, he demanded that the verdict be overturned, but this was rejected and has since remained unchanged.",
"title": "2023 trial"
}
] | Stanislav Nikolayevich Beloruscev is a Russian serial killer who committed at least 11 murders in Krasnokamsk, Perm Krai, from 2003 to 2009. Initially convicted of a triple murder and sentenced to life imprisonment, he has since confessed to eight other murders over a period of several years. | 2023-12-16T15:33:37Z | 2023-12-28T01:10:11Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox serial killer",
"Template:Lang-ru",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Beloruscev |
75,578,864 | Nordic Standard Helicopter Program | Nordic Standard Helicopter Program (NHSP) was an international helicopter procurement program in the late 1990s and early 2000s to chose a standard helicopter for Norway, Sweden, Finland, and initially Denmark. In 1999, the four countries issued a requirement for a helicopter in the 9-15 ton range, which lead to the NH90 being selected in 2001.
Denmark dropped out and chose the EH101, leaving Norway, Sweden, and Finland buying the NHI NH90 helicopter in September 2001. The helicopter was still in development and orders began in the late 2000s and early 2010s to the countries. In 2022 Norway terminated the order because NHI took to long to deliver working helicopters, leaving Sweden and Finland.
Finland has 20 in service for Army transport, and Sweden has 18 with some for transport and some for SAR;Sweden uses the HCV high cabin variant.
Norway took initiative in 1998 to establish the Nordic Standard Helicopter Program (NSHP), which would see a common unified model for the three Nordic countries. Four helicopters were considered: the AgustaWestland AW101, the NHIndustries NH90, the Eurocopter AS532 Cougar and the Sikorsky S-92.
In 1999, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Finland issued the specs for potential joint helicopter purchase, that would be in the 9-15 ton range and possibly license built.
The NHindustries NH90 was chosen in September 2001 as the Nordic Standard Helicopter winner, with orders for 18 from Sweden, 14 for Norway, and 20 for Finland. At the same time, Denmark dropped out of NHSP and chose the EH101, but Norway, Sweden, and Finland placed orders for the still in development, NH90, in various versions.
In September 2001 Norwegian Armed Forces chose to purchase fourteen NH90 units. The plan was for eight of the Norwegian helicopters would go to the Coast Guard and the rest will serve on the frigates. Sweden and Finland also placed orders, and airframes for all three would be assembled mostly in Patria, Finland. (As mentioned elsewhere, the Norwegian functional airframes took so long to deliver, they cancelled the order over two decades later)
The NH90 for the NHSP order were assembled in Patria, Finland; one of the five final assembly locations for the NH90 including France, Germany, Italy, and Australia. The helicopters for Finland, Norway, and Sweden were mostly assembled at Patria, Finland.
The choice was met with resistance from the SAR community which felt the NH90 was too small, and this one reason Denmark had pulled out and chose the EH101. Years of lawsuits led to demands for more open competition for the a SAR helicopter which lead to Norway's NAWSARH procurement program with Iceland in the 2010s. In September 2001, Denmark did not chose the NH90 which reduced the NHSP countries from four to three, and the Danish ended up choosing EH101 to replace their aging Sikorsky S-61 fleet. Norway ended up running the NAWSARH with Iceland (though Iceland pulled out in 2012) to select a SAR helicopter in a separate competition, ultimately choosing the AW101 also. In 2022, after over two decades after its order, and waiting many years waiting for aircraft and other issues, Norway cancelled its 14 airframe NH90 order.
Denmark dropped out of NHSP in September 2001 and instead chose the EH101, but Norway, Sweden, and Finland placed orders for the still in development, NH90, in various versions. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Nordic Standard Helicopter Program (NHSP) was an international helicopter procurement program in the late 1990s and early 2000s to chose a standard helicopter for Norway, Sweden, Finland, and initially Denmark. In 1999, the four countries issued a requirement for a helicopter in the 9-15 ton range, which lead to the NH90 being selected in 2001.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Denmark dropped out and chose the EH101, leaving Norway, Sweden, and Finland buying the NHI NH90 helicopter in September 2001. The helicopter was still in development and orders began in the late 2000s and early 2010s to the countries. In 2022 Norway terminated the order because NHI took to long to deliver working helicopters, leaving Sweden and Finland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Finland has 20 in service for Army transport, and Sweden has 18 with some for transport and some for SAR;Sweden uses the HCV high cabin variant.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Norway took initiative in 1998 to establish the Nordic Standard Helicopter Program (NSHP), which would see a common unified model for the three Nordic countries. Four helicopters were considered: the AgustaWestland AW101, the NHIndustries NH90, the Eurocopter AS532 Cougar and the Sikorsky S-92.",
"title": "Background & Selection"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1999, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Finland issued the specs for potential joint helicopter purchase, that would be in the 9-15 ton range and possibly license built.",
"title": "Background & Selection"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The NHindustries NH90 was chosen in September 2001 as the Nordic Standard Helicopter winner, with orders for 18 from Sweden, 14 for Norway, and 20 for Finland. At the same time, Denmark dropped out of NHSP and chose the EH101, but Norway, Sweden, and Finland placed orders for the still in development, NH90, in various versions.",
"title": "Background & Selection"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In September 2001 Norwegian Armed Forces chose to purchase fourteen NH90 units. The plan was for eight of the Norwegian helicopters would go to the Coast Guard and the rest will serve on the frigates. Sweden and Finland also placed orders, and airframes for all three would be assembled mostly in Patria, Finland. (As mentioned elsewhere, the Norwegian functional airframes took so long to deliver, they cancelled the order over two decades later)",
"title": "Background & Selection"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The NH90 for the NHSP order were assembled in Patria, Finland; one of the five final assembly locations for the NH90 including France, Germany, Italy, and Australia. The helicopters for Finland, Norway, and Sweden were mostly assembled at Patria, Finland.",
"title": "Background & Selection"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The choice was met with resistance from the SAR community which felt the NH90 was too small, and this one reason Denmark had pulled out and chose the EH101. Years of lawsuits led to demands for more open competition for the a SAR helicopter which lead to Norway's NAWSARH procurement program with Iceland in the 2010s. In September 2001, Denmark did not chose the NH90 which reduced the NHSP countries from four to three, and the Danish ended up choosing EH101 to replace their aging Sikorsky S-61 fleet. Norway ended up running the NAWSARH with Iceland (though Iceland pulled out in 2012) to select a SAR helicopter in a separate competition, ultimately choosing the AW101 also. In 2022, after over two decades after its order, and waiting many years waiting for aircraft and other issues, Norway cancelled its 14 airframe NH90 order.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Denmark dropped out of NHSP in September 2001 and instead chose the EH101, but Norway, Sweden, and Finland placed orders for the still in development, NH90, in various versions.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] | Nordic Standard Helicopter Program (NHSP) was an international helicopter procurement program in the late 1990s and early 2000s to chose a standard helicopter for Norway, Sweden, Finland, and initially Denmark. In 1999, the four countries issued a requirement for a helicopter in the 9-15 ton range, which lead to the NH90 being selected in 2001. Denmark dropped out and chose the EH101, leaving Norway, Sweden, and Finland buying the NHI NH90 helicopter in September 2001. The helicopter was still in development and orders began in the late 2000s and early 2010s to the countries. In 2022 Norway terminated the order because NHI took to long to deliver working helicopters, leaving Sweden and Finland. Finland has 20 in service for Army transport, and Sweden has 18 with some for transport and some for SAR;Sweden uses the HCV high cabin variant. | 2023-12-16T15:38:14Z | 2023-12-31T18:11:10Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Improve categories"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Standard_Helicopter_Program |
75,578,905 | Israel Solomon | Israel Solomon is an American painter, muralist and educator based in Indianapolis, Indiana known for his colorful geometric paintings depicting people and community. Solomon has painted murals and exhibited work across the United States, including at the Cincinnati Art Museum, the Indianapolis Art Center, The Children's Museum of Indianapolis, and the Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago).
Solomon grew up in Kokomo, Indiana. He began drawing in his childhood and enjoyed drawing with his family and watching the instructional children's PBS show The Secret City. As a less vocal child, he found visual art to be a primary form of expression. After several art classes in high school, Solomon studied art education at Ball State University, graduating in 2003. In 2019, he earned a masters of education from Marian University.
For a time, Solomon taught art at KIPP Indy College Prep Middle School. He is active in the Indianapolis art scene, creating public murals and exhibiting with local organizations including the Indianapolis Artsgarden, Garfield Park Arts Center, Indiana Black Expo, and the BUTTER Art Fair run by Ganggang.
In 2020, Solomon was a visiting artist at the Children's Museum of Indianapolis. He contributed to the city's Black Lives Matter street mural.Solomon collaborated with Major League Soccer in 2021 for their Juneteenth celebration. In 2022 he received a Creative Renewal Arts Fellowship through the Indy Arts Council, funded by Lilly Endowment. He maintains a studio at the Harrison Center.
Solomon paints with bold colors and geometric shapes, often utilizing acrylic paint on large-scale canvas. Many of his works are portraits of family, friends, community members and individuals he is inspired by. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Israel Solomon is an American painter, muralist and educator based in Indianapolis, Indiana known for his colorful geometric paintings depicting people and community. Solomon has painted murals and exhibited work across the United States, including at the Cincinnati Art Museum, the Indianapolis Art Center, The Children's Museum of Indianapolis, and the Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Solomon grew up in Kokomo, Indiana. He began drawing in his childhood and enjoyed drawing with his family and watching the instructional children's PBS show The Secret City. As a less vocal child, he found visual art to be a primary form of expression. After several art classes in high school, Solomon studied art education at Ball State University, graduating in 2003. In 2019, he earned a masters of education from Marian University.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "For a time, Solomon taught art at KIPP Indy College Prep Middle School. He is active in the Indianapolis art scene, creating public murals and exhibiting with local organizations including the Indianapolis Artsgarden, Garfield Park Arts Center, Indiana Black Expo, and the BUTTER Art Fair run by Ganggang.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2020, Solomon was a visiting artist at the Children's Museum of Indianapolis. He contributed to the city's Black Lives Matter street mural.Solomon collaborated with Major League Soccer in 2021 for their Juneteenth celebration. In 2022 he received a Creative Renewal Arts Fellowship through the Indy Arts Council, funded by Lilly Endowment. He maintains a studio at the Harrison Center.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Solomon paints with bold colors and geometric shapes, often utilizing acrylic paint on large-scale canvas. Many of his works are portraits of family, friends, community members and individuals he is inspired by.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Israel Solomon is an American painter, muralist and educator based in Indianapolis, Indiana known for his colorful geometric paintings depicting people and community. Solomon has painted murals and exhibited work across the United States, including at the Cincinnati Art Museum, the Indianapolis Art Center, The Children's Museum of Indianapolis, and the Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago). | 2023-12-16T15:49:03Z | 2023-12-16T16:16:08Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:US-painter-stub",
"Template:Infobox person"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Solomon |
75,578,924 | Boris Borvine Frenkel | Boris Borvine Frenkel, born in Kalisz, Poland, on September 24, 1895, and died in Saint-Sébastien-de-Morsent near Évreux on April 30, 1984, was a Polish Jewish painter of the School of Paris.
Boris Borvine Frenkel grew up in Poland in a peasant family and received a traditional Jewish education. After attending the high school in Kalisz, he apprenticed as an engraver during the First World War. In 1919, he moved to Lvov, where he attended architecture classes.
In 1920, after a brief stint in Warsaw prison for his anarchist activities, he traveled to Berlin in the early 1920s. Employed as a sailor on a cargo ship, he traveled the world. These years proved to be decisive; he established connections with Jewish intellectual and literary circles, meeting figures such as Else Lasker-Schüler, Peretz Markish, and Hayim Nahman Bialik.
After a brief stay in Paris, in Brussels from 1924 to 1930, Borvine Frenkel dedicated his free time to painting, completing his studies at the Institute of Decorative Arts. In 1930, the Museum of Fine Arts in Brussels held an exhibition dedicated to his work.
That same year, he was expelled from Belgium, settling in Paris, where he only left in order to avoid the German persecution under the occupation. He maintained contact with the group of Jewish painters from Eastern Europe associated with the École de Paris, and later joined the Association of Jewish Painters and Sculptors established in 1937. While exhibiting his paintings, he also made a living from various odd jobs. As an art and literature critic, he contributed to the Yiddish-language magazine "Unzer Stimme" and participated in the establishment of the magazine "Nos artistes" in 1960. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Boris Borvine Frenkel, born in Kalisz, Poland, on September 24, 1895, and died in Saint-Sébastien-de-Morsent near Évreux on April 30, 1984, was a Polish Jewish painter of the School of Paris.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Boris Borvine Frenkel grew up in Poland in a peasant family and received a traditional Jewish education. After attending the high school in Kalisz, he apprenticed as an engraver during the First World War. In 1919, he moved to Lvov, where he attended architecture classes.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1920, after a brief stint in Warsaw prison for his anarchist activities, he traveled to Berlin in the early 1920s. Employed as a sailor on a cargo ship, he traveled the world. These years proved to be decisive; he established connections with Jewish intellectual and literary circles, meeting figures such as Else Lasker-Schüler, Peretz Markish, and Hayim Nahman Bialik.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After a brief stay in Paris, in Brussels from 1924 to 1930, Borvine Frenkel dedicated his free time to painting, completing his studies at the Institute of Decorative Arts. In 1930, the Museum of Fine Arts in Brussels held an exhibition dedicated to his work.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "That same year, he was expelled from Belgium, settling in Paris, where he only left in order to avoid the German persecution under the occupation. He maintained contact with the group of Jewish painters from Eastern Europe associated with the École de Paris, and later joined the Association of Jewish Painters and Sculptors established in 1937. While exhibiting his paintings, he also made a living from various odd jobs. As an art and literature critic, he contributed to the Yiddish-language magazine \"Unzer Stimme\" and participated in the establishment of the magazine \"Nos artistes\" in 1960.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Boris Borvine Frenkel, born in Kalisz, Poland, on September 24, 1895, and died in Saint-Sébastien-de-Morsent near Évreux on April 30, 1984, was a Polish Jewish painter of the School of Paris. | 2023-12-16T15:52:56Z | 2023-12-31T21:39:36Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox artist",
"Template:Reflist",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Borvine_Frenkel |
75,578,925 | Michal Elia Kamal | Michal Elia Kamal (Hebrew: מיכל אליה קמל (born on July 27, 1987) is an Israeli musician, singer-songwriter, actress and percussionist, who has resided in Istanbul since 2010. She is known as the frontwoman of Light in Babylon, and she performs in both Hebrew and Turkish.
Michal Elia Kamal was born in Tel Aviv, Israel, to Persian Jew family that had left their historical native country due to Iranian Islamic Revolution of 1979. She was raised both in Persian and Israeli culture. Her father's family is from Tehran, and her maternal family is from Isfahan. Michal has two sisters, older and younger. She grew up in the Ramat Aviv's Ashkenazi neighborhood.
She met her future husband, French Guitarist Julien Demarque in the Balkans. The couple arrived in Istanbul in 2010 and started to search for a santourist. They finally found Metehan Çiftçi and started the band Light in Babylon. They begun to perform on the İstiklal Avenue gathering gradually Internatiol fame with their 'wistful Oriental music'.
Michal Elia Kamal has also acted in a Turkish film called Güvercin (The Pigeon) (2018). | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Michal Elia Kamal (Hebrew: מיכל אליה קמל (born on July 27, 1987) is an Israeli musician, singer-songwriter, actress and percussionist, who has resided in Istanbul since 2010. She is known as the frontwoman of Light in Babylon, and she performs in both Hebrew and Turkish.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Michal Elia Kamal was born in Tel Aviv, Israel, to Persian Jew family that had left their historical native country due to Iranian Islamic Revolution of 1979. She was raised both in Persian and Israeli culture. Her father's family is from Tehran, and her maternal family is from Isfahan. Michal has two sisters, older and younger. She grew up in the Ramat Aviv's Ashkenazi neighborhood.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She met her future husband, French Guitarist Julien Demarque in the Balkans. The couple arrived in Istanbul in 2010 and started to search for a santourist. They finally found Metehan Çiftçi and started the band Light in Babylon. They begun to perform on the İstiklal Avenue gathering gradually Internatiol fame with their 'wistful Oriental music'.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Michal Elia Kamal has also acted in a Turkish film called Güvercin (The Pigeon) (2018).",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Michal Elia Kamal (Hebrew: מיכל אליה קמל is an Israeli musician, singer-songwriter, actress and percussionist, who has resided in Istanbul since 2010. She is known as the frontwoman of Light in Babylon, and she performs in both Hebrew and Turkish. | 2023-12-16T15:53:01Z | 2023-12-23T11:56:13Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
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"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Improve categories",
"Template:Notability",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Lang-he"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michal_Elia_Kamal |
75,578,929 | Anacepon | Anacepon is a genus of Isopoda parasites, in the family Bopyridae, containing the following species that can be found on the coast of Indonesia: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Anacepon is a genus of Isopoda parasites, in the family Bopyridae, containing the following species that can be found on the coast of Indonesia:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Anacepon is a genus of Isopoda parasites, in the family Bopyridae, containing the following species that can be found on the coast of Indonesia: | 2023-12-16T15:53:45Z | 2023-12-20T02:01:47Z | [
"Template:Isopod-stub",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anacepon |
75,578,948 | Karakoram Cooperative Bank | Karakoram Cooperative Bank Limited (KCBL) is a financial institution that has been a cornerstone of economic growth and social development in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan since 1956. To lead the banking sector in the region, KCBL has become the largest banking network in the world. Gilgit-Baltistan offers a wide range of financial products and services.
KCBL, established in 1956, over the years, has expanded its network to include 49 branches and 16 sub-branches.
The Governor of Gilgit-Baltistan has urged KCBL to open new branches to further expand its reach and services. Additionally, the bank has approved its first formal credit, compliance, and risk policy, a milestone in its nearly 50-year history.
Despite facing challenges such as natural calamities, limited connectivity, and low awareness levels, KCBL has implemented innovative strategies to reach out to the needy. The bank has also been involved in a case of theft where a small amount was recovered in a case of Rs 120 million, and an employee was accused of stealing more than Rs 60 million. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Karakoram Cooperative Bank Limited (KCBL) is a financial institution that has been a cornerstone of economic growth and social development in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan since 1956. To lead the banking sector in the region, KCBL has become the largest banking network in the world. Gilgit-Baltistan offers a wide range of financial products and services.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "KCBL, established in 1956, over the years, has expanded its network to include 49 branches and 16 sub-branches.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Governor of Gilgit-Baltistan has urged KCBL to open new branches to further expand its reach and services. Additionally, the bank has approved its first formal credit, compliance, and risk policy, a milestone in its nearly 50-year history.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Despite facing challenges such as natural calamities, limited connectivity, and low awareness levels, KCBL has implemented innovative strategies to reach out to the needy. The bank has also been involved in a case of theft where a small amount was recovered in a case of Rs 120 million, and an employee was accused of stealing more than Rs 60 million.",
"title": "Challenges"
}
] | Karakoram Cooperative Bank Limited (KCBL) is a financial institution that has been a cornerstone of economic growth and social development in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan since 1956. To lead the banking sector in the region, KCBL has become the largest banking network in the world. Gilgit-Baltistan offers a wide range of financial products and services. | 2023-12-16T15:56:56Z | 2023-12-19T03:46:08Z | [
"Template:Infobox company",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakoram_Cooperative_Bank |
75,578,951 | List of Pakistan Security Printing Corporation cricketers | This is a list of all cricketers who have played first-class or other local matches for Pakistan Security Printing Corporation cricket team. The team played matches in the Patron's Trophy between 1977 and 1979. Seasons given are first and last seasons; the player did not necessarily play in all the intervening seasons. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is a list of all cricketers who have played first-class or other local matches for Pakistan Security Printing Corporation cricket team. The team played matches in the Patron's Trophy between 1977 and 1979. Seasons given are first and last seasons; the player did not necessarily play in all the intervening seasons.",
"title": ""
}
] | This is a list of all cricketers who have played first-class or other local matches for Pakistan Security Printing Corporation cricket team. The team played matches in the Patron's Trophy between 1977 and 1979. Seasons given are first and last seasons; the player did not necessarily play in all the intervening seasons. | 2023-12-16T15:57:45Z | 2023-12-17T04:42:59Z | [
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pakistan_Security_Printing_Corporation_cricketers |
75,578,962 | United Kingdom general election results in Mid and West Wales | British general elections have provided the following results in Mid and West Wales. Since the 1997 general election, Mid and West Wales has elected eight Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Mid Wales includes the most rural parts of Wales whereas West Wales is more urbanised. The Welsh language is widely spoken across the region. Counties in the region include Pembrokeshire, Ceredigion, Carmarthenshire, Dyfed and Powys. Plaid Cymru, Welsh Liberal Democrats and the Welsh Conservatives are the most competitive parties in the region with Welsh Labour having declined since 2005 outside the town of Llanelli.
Main settlements in Mid and West Wales include Llanelli, Cardigan, Haverfordwest, Carmarthen and Newtown.
Mid and West Wales elected 8 Members of Parliament.
Mid and West Wales elected 8 Members of Parliament. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "British general elections have provided the following results in Mid and West Wales. Since the 1997 general election, Mid and West Wales has elected eight Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Mid Wales includes the most rural parts of Wales whereas West Wales is more urbanised. The Welsh language is widely spoken across the region. Counties in the region include Pembrokeshire, Ceredigion, Carmarthenshire, Dyfed and Powys. Plaid Cymru, Welsh Liberal Democrats and the Welsh Conservatives are the most competitive parties in the region with Welsh Labour having declined since 2005 outside the town of Llanelli.",
"title": "Regional profile"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Main settlements in Mid and West Wales include Llanelli, Cardigan, Haverfordwest, Carmarthen and Newtown.",
"title": "Regional profile"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Mid and West Wales elected 8 Members of Parliament.",
"title": "2001"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Mid and West Wales elected 8 Members of Parliament.",
"title": "1997"
}
] | British general elections have provided the following results in Mid and West Wales. Since the 1997 general election, Mid and West Wales has elected eight Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. | 2023-12-16T16:00:28Z | 2023-12-16T20:24:28Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Main",
"Template:Maplink",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_general_election_results_in_Mid_and_West_Wales |
75,578,976 | Karim Leklou | Karim Leklou (born June 20, 1982) is French actor who started his career in small role in Jacques Audiard 's film A Prophet (2009) and followed by Suzanne and Grand Central. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Karim Leklou (born June 20, 1982) is French actor who started his career in small role in Jacques Audiard 's film A Prophet (2009) and followed by Suzanne and Grand Central.",
"title": ""
}
] | Karim Leklou is French actor who started his career in small role in Jacques Audiard 's film A Prophet (2009) and followed by Suzanne and Grand Central. | 2023-12-16T16:03:35Z | 2023-12-29T11:40:11Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karim_Leklou |
75,578,982 | Lightning Column | The Lightning Column (Portuguese: Coluna Relâmpago) was the last tenentist uprising, fought in southern Brazil from November 1926. Under the command of general Isidoro Dias Lopes, exiled in Argentina, military and civilian leaders of the government's opposition in Rio Grande do Sul combined incursions across Brazilian borders with uprisings in army garrisons in Rio Grande do Sul. The uprising, contrary to the federal and state governments, intended to indirectly support the Prestes Column, which was in Mato Grosso. Some conspirators anticipated the scheduled date (26 December), compromising the campaign plan, which was quickly dismantled by the loyalist army and state forces.
Previous revolts in Rio Grande do Sul were suppressed in 1924 and 1925, but the defeated rebels remained in neighboring countries. On 13–14 November, there were beginnings of revolt in the garrisons of São Gabriel and Bagé, followed on the 16th by that of Santa Maria, where the biggest fighting took place. On 7 December there was another army revolt, in São Leopoldo, but it was put down on the same day.
The Santa Maria rebels, led by the Etchegoyen brothers, did not overcome loyalist resistance of the Military Brigade of Rio Grande do Sul, even though they had artillery and greater numbers. After more than a day of urban combat, which damaged many buildings and led to the population fleeing, they withdrew from the city. Pursued by the loyalists, they were intercepted by the Auxiliary Corps near Seival, in Caçapava. With machine guns in good defensive positions, they defeated successive cavalry charges and wounded the enemy commander, Oswaldo Aranha.
The Seival rebels joined warlord Zeca Neto, coming from Uruguay, who led a war of movement until his defeat near São Sepé, on 25 December. Other chiefs and soldiers crossed the border to support Neto, unaware of the defeat. Júlio Barrios' campaign, from the extreme west of the state to the Santana do Livramento region, ended, as did Zeca Neto's, with his return to exile at the beginning of January. Parallel to these movements, Leonel Rocha entered Brazil through the Contestado region in November, seeking to cut the São Paulo-Rio Grande Railway, but his three-month long journey also ended in defeat.
Brazilians defeated in the 1924 tenentist revolts formed a community of exiles in neighboring countries (Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay). They were soldiers from the Brazilian Army, Navy and the Public Force of São Paulo and civilian leaders. All of them recognized the leadership of general Isidoro Dias Lopes and the "civilian leader of the revolution", Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil, leader of the Liberating Alliance, an opposition group in Rio Grande do Sul. The exiles maintained contact with each other and responded to any call from Isidoro. They met with political leaders and sent and received food, weapons, letters and packages to their families. The movement had its own general staff and finances, the "revolution's coffers".
Some rebels continued the fight in remote regions of Brazil, forming the Prestes Column. They maintained contact with the exiles, who prepared new revolts in their support. Despite being too old to go on campaign, Isidoro Dias Lopes planned incursions across the border, coordinated with civilian and military allies from the Rio Grande do Sul garrisons. The strong association with civilian politics was the peculiarity of the tenentist movement in that state. The lieutenant officers and the "liberators" from Rio Grande do Sul had different objectives; the latter wanted to overthrow the governor of Rio Grande do Sul, Borges de Medeiros, and the former, the president of Brazil, Artur Bernardes. But many of the rebel officers were from Rio Grande do Sul, mixing causes. Due to the high polarization of politics in the state, Rio Grande do Sul officials were either "liberators" or government supporters.
The exiles' conspiracy faced the scarcity of resources and the police and diplomatic measures of the Brazilian and Rio Grande do Sul governments. The fight in Rio Grande do Sul, lost in 1924, was renewed in September 1925. The new revolt was a disaster. The military uprising did not occur, and only one of the border incursions took place, being quickly expelled from Brazilian territory. Even so, Lopes was preparing yet another offensive.
In March 1926, a sergeant from the Aviation Squadron Group (GEA), a Military Aviation unit, reported to the command of the 3rd Military Region the officers' participation in a conspiracy. The information reached the Ministry of War and resulted in orders for the region to "have the devices destroyed, occupy the camp with a trusted detachment and subject the officers to investigation, sending those who were compromised as prisoners to Rio". At the suggestion of the commander, major Martins, the measures adopted were less extreme, rendering the planes unusable by removing parts.
In October 1926, two years had passed since the first revolt in Rio Grande do Sul. The Prestes Column was fighting in Mato Grosso. On the 24th, the Column command met and decided to end the fight, heading towards the border with Bolivia. The troops were already exhausted, and the command hoped to negotiate an amnesty with Washington Luís, Bernardes' successor as president of Brazil, who would take office on 15 November. The Column's emissaries (Lourenço Moreira Lima and Djalma Soares Dutra) arrived the day before in Paso de los Libres, Argentina, where Lopes lived. Lopes viewed Washington Luís as negatively as Artur Bernardes, but agreed with the emigration. He only asked that the Column hold out for another two months, giving time for the new revolt he was planning.
The conspirators scheduled their action for 26 December. The work was long, raising resources and individuals. Lopess' General Staff, headed by Fernando Távora, had a detailed plan; he "made reports on the loyalist, Armed Forces and police personnel; a summary of the largest civilian groups in the center, smaller groups and concentrations mobilized near the borders, including their armament, in addition to a survey of telegraph stations, production of maps". Secret recruitment and propaganda centers operated in Porto Alegre, Santa Maria, Uruguaiana and Rivera, in Uruguay.
One of the committed civilians, Leonel Rocha, remembered Lopes' confidence: "there was no well-prepared revolution like this; If we miss half, we still have too much". A civilian, Rocha was one of the veteran revolutionaries committed to the revolt, and therefore "incorrigible", in the words of Borges de Medeiros. Another veteran, Honório Lemes, did not fight after his defeat in 1925, but his nephew Alfredo supported the life in exile of the sailors of the battleship São Paulo who revolted in 1924 and took part in the new uprisings.
The plan consisted of a four-column invasion across the border, coordinated with uprisings in army units in Rio Grande do Sul. One of the most important garrisons would be Santa Maria, the largest military hub and railway center in the state. The concentration point would be in Caçapava, a municipality with a strong opposition presence. Parallel to the campaign in Rio Grande do Sul, one of the columns would enter Santa Catarina and Paraná to cut the São Paulo-Rio Grande Railway. After the victory in the south, the rebels would join the Prestes Column, coming from Mato Grosso, to march against São Paulo.
Despite any order from Lopes, on the night of 13 to 14 November there was an uprising among soldiers of the 9th Independent Cavalry Regiment (RCI), in São Gabriel. Led by sergeant Walter Corrêa da Silva, the rebels went to Ponte Seca, where they briefly fought against police and civilian forces during the early hours of the morning. Lieutenant Vicente Mário de Castro, involved in the conspiracy in another local unit (the 1st Battery of the 6th Horse Artillery Group), advised them to withdraw to Caçapava. Convinced that the revolt was premature, the lieutenant remained in São Gabriel, waiting for a better time. The rebels of the 9th RCI took refuge in the estate of opposition colonel Favorino Dias, in Seival, Caçapava.
Another sergeant from São Gabriel was in Bagé, where he rebelled the soldiers at 01:00 on 14 November. This beginning of revolt was suppressed inside the barracks, at the cost of the life of a loyalist lieutenant.
The hastiness of the uprising would be fatal. According to historian Coralio Cabeda, "the revolution was already born dead". Not all exiles were ready, and the surprise factor was lost. The state government and the command of the 3rd Military Region immediately took action against the conspiracies. Despite the precipitation, general Lopes called the other conspirators into action so that the sergeants would not be abandoned. The next revolt would be "an almost desperate attempt to keep the revolutionary torch burning". The date of 14 November can be related to the desire to obstruct the inauguration of Washington Luís.
The 1st Cavalry Regiment (RC) of the Military Brigade, based in Santa Maria, sent its 4th Squadron to São Gabriel. Another formation in the city, the 5th Infantry Brigade, placed the Aviation Squadron Group on alert. Colonel Enéas Pompílio Pires, brigade commander, requested aerial reconnaissance, which was not possible; Of the Group's 30 planes, the only ones capable of flying were the four from the 1st Bombardment Squadron, from Alegrete, one of which had been sent to Porto Alegre. Second lieutenant Idílio Aleixo went to pick up one of the planes in Alegrete, where he was arrested by the local garrison, who deemed the mission to be very suspicious.
Even before the revolts in São Gabriel and Bagé, the atmosphere was tense in Santa Maria. There was much talk about an army uprising, to be launched on 15 November, on the holiday of the Proclamation of the Republic. Inside the army barracks, it was believed that there was a revolt by the Military Brigade garrison due to non-payment of wages. Since the previous month, a rumor had been spread that Washington Luís would dissolve the army, leaving only the state forces.
The 5th Infantry Brigade, based in Santa Maria, kept officers and sergeants on standby in their homes. Its commander, colonel Enéas Pompílio Pires, knew of the commitment of some of his subordinates to the conspiracy, and sought to avoid a conflict within the barracks. A stronger measure against the revolt would be strict readiness, but possibly the conspirators were even within the commander's intelligence service, leaving him poorly informed about the revolts in São Gabriel and Bagé. The conspirators, in turn, mistakenly believed in the success of previous uprisings, and became more confident after the 4th Squadron of the 1st RC left the city.
Major Aníbal Garcia Barão, interim commander of this regiment, took precautions by keeping it ready. Only one platoon, heavily armed, participated in the 15 November parade. Despite expectations, the ceremonies occurred without incidents. At night, army soldiers confirmed to the major that the revolt was imminent. All personnel from the regiment in Santa Maria spent the night in the barracks.
The uprising began at midnight from 15 to 16 November. In the 5th Horse Artillery Regiment, the brothers and first lieutenants Alcides and Nelson Gonçalves Etchegoyen arrested several officers, organized the troops and took them to the barracks of the 7th Infantry Regiment. At 03:00, they entered the gate, arrested the sentry and took the weapons of the Guard Corps. They also had two first lieutenants from the regiment, Iguatemi Moreira and Heitor Lobato Valle, sergeants, civilians in uniform and three cannons positioned near the barracks. The loyalist officers were arrested, the storeroom was broken into and the soldiers were woken up by screams that the Military Brigade was attacking the regiment.
At 05:30 or 05:45 the first cannon shots were fired, seeking to ward off an armed column that was approaching the 7th RI in drill order — in reality, they were students from Ginásio Santa Maria, candidates for reservists of Tiro de Guerra No. 36, walking along Coronel Niederauer Street on the way to training. None of the students were injured.
The noise of the cannons woke up colonel Enéas, who was sleeping in the barracks of the 5th Infantry Brigade, next to the barracks of the 7th RI. When he opened the window, soldiers from the 5th RAM and civilians on horseback pointed their weapons at him, and lieutenant Alcides Etchegoyen ordered him to retreat, as this would not guarantee his life. The colonel was trapped in the General Headquarters, with his telephone unusable and sentries on guard. The commander of the 7th RI suffered the same fate. Other loyalist officers managed to escape and report to the Military Brigade, including lieutenant colonel Cândido Alves de Mesquita, effective commander of the 5th RAM, who took command of the city and put major Barão in charge of its defense.
Based five kilometers from Santa Maria, the Aviation Squadron Group received an ultimatum to take sides or be bombed. The base was vulnerable to artillery, there were only 40 men and 18 rifles and the officers noted the risk of subordinates joining the revolt. The commander decided it was better to retreat to join the other loyalists in the region. The troops marched through fields and wires, avoiding rebel patrols. Its guide was government colonel Ramiro de Oliveira, a property owner next to the Group's headquarters. On the afternoon of the following day, the troops were already in Camobi, from where they telegraphed to the 3rd Military Region.
At the first sound of the cannons, major Barão withdrew the 1st RC from its barracks, on the other side of the city, as it would be vulnerable to bombardment. At 07:00 he took his regiment to the city center on horseback and in requisitioned automobiles. Mounted rebels patrols, identified by red scarves, withdrew from the central streets to more distant positions. The brigadiers occupied the banks, the Municipal Quartermaster's Office, the National Telegraph and the Railway Station and established a line of trenches towards the north–south, dividing the city in half.
The leadership of the revolt found itself in the unexpected and unwanted situation of facing the Military Brigade in the city center. The rebels began an artillery bombardment at 07:30, followed by a maneuver against the loyalists' left flank at 09:00. The rebels tried to lure the enemy into the more open region of Prado, but the brigades remained in their positions. Another attack was attempted on the right flank, and again the loyalists managed to reinforce the attacked point and hold the line. According to the Brigade's report, "the situation of the loyalist lines was not changed during the entire action, as the opponent remained on the defensive until the end".
Without one of its squadrons, the 1st RC had only 306 men in Santa Maria, of which around 200 fought, with the rest providing auxiliary services. The loyalist command requested reinforcements by telegraph and was able to receive them by train; civilians committed to the revolt should have cut railway communications, but they did not. The result was small, as the only reinforcement that day was from the Cachoeira do Sul Auxiliary Squadron, with 69 men. They disembarked at 18:00 when the Railway Station was under attack. Additional reinforcements, the 18th and 27th Auxiliary Corps, only arrived after the end of the battle. The number on the other side of the trenches, depending on the sources, ranged from 350 to 700–800 rebels. The army units had reduced numbers, and the 7th RI did not have its second battalion, which was deployed in Rio Pardo. Both sides relied on civilian support.
The qualitative advantage belonged to the loyalists, as the 1st RC was an admittedly fierce unit, while the army troops were at the beginning of their training period, and therefore of little military value. The rebels controlled twelve cannons, but only five were functional; the rest were sabotaged by loyalist sergeants. The artillery fired from the front of the 5th RAM, from the front and sides of the 7th RI and at the Rosário Church, on Silva Jardim Street, firing directly at the positions of the Military Brigade and aiming at the barracks of the 1st RC. The cloudy sky and intermittent drizzle made aiming difficult.
The 1st RC spent 78,590 rounds in the battle, guaranteed by a resupply and remuneration service. The military effort also included observatories at various points, emissaries on horseback (from the Command to the troops) and on foot (between the troops) and a health service at the Hospital de Caridade. Medical care for the rebels took place at the Army Military Hospital, under the direction of first lieutenant and doctor Romeu Borba and second lieutenant and veterinarian João Lemos. Both were loyalists, but ordered to work under armed surveillance. Several shots hit the hospital.
Without dislodging the brigades from their positions, the rebels would have the option of leveling the city with artillery, which they did not want to, rejecting an imitation of the bombing of São Paulo in 1924. Continuing the impasse would leave the revolt isolated as soon as the loyalists received more reinforcements. The alternative found was to leave the city. The withdrawal began at 21:00, but part of the troops delayed until the next day, as a sergeant in charge of transmitting the order did not carry out his mission. At midnight, while the withdrawal was taking place, three cannons intensified their fire.
At 04:00, the rebels' fire was already very weakened and major Barão was informed of the withdrawal. He preferred caution, especially at daylight, and manned the access roads to his own barracks, fearing an enveloping movement by the enemy. The northern flank received the order to advance, but found the 5th RAM barracks empty and retreated, fearing an ambush. At 05:00, a loyalist army officer, imprisoned in the 7th RI barracks, sent a message to colonel Enéas, asking him to break into the jails, as the rebels abandoned the barracks taking the keys with them. After the prisoners were released, the colonel sent his aide-de-camp with a white flag down Niederauer Avenue, but he had to turn back after two blocks as he was fired upon, probably by remaining rebels.
On the orders of colonel Enéas, white flags were raised at the headquarters and an emissary was sent to major Barão. At 09:00 the Military Brigade launched a general advance. The only resistance encountered was in Vila Brasil. The population took to the streets, and the 1st RC occupied the army barracks.
350 rebels left the city, heading towards São Sepé, 150 of them on horseback. They carried two cannons, useless for the type of war they faced, and three heavy machine guns. The retreat was disorderly, leaving behind weapons and equipment, including the two cannons. According to several newspapers, the houses along the way were looted. The loyalist soldiers were too exhausted to take advantage of the disorganization, and did not pursue their enemies outside the city, limiting themselves to launching some elements of exploration. On 20 November, according to the 5th Brigade bulletin, almost 200 rebels had returned to the barracks, and many others were hiding in the woods. On the 25th, 119 men from the 5th RAM were still absent.
The battle cost the Military Brigade three deaths and 14 injuries, the rebels had six dead and 22 injured, and the civilian population four deaths and 12 injuries. The number of wounded rebels and civilians may have been higher, as some wounded rebels were taken by their comrades in retreat, and not all civilians sought care at the Charity Hospital.
66 buildings were damaged by artillery, including several residences, the Clube Caixeiral, Colégio Elementar, Agência Ford, Ginásio Santa Maria and Seminário São José, the latter two, with students at the time of the bombing. According to the newspaper Correio da Serra,
Ipiranga Avenue was the street that suffered most from the bombing. Captain Felipe's house, owned by Dr. Mario Guimarães, received two shells, which completely destroyed its roof, ruining part of the front; the Charity Hospital, in front of which a force from the Brigade was entrenched, received a large number of projectiles; the house occupied by the traveling salesman Mr. Antônio Basso, suffered horribly, being shattered by thousands of projectiles, with a shell piercing a wall, exploding in the room and rendering all the furniture in it useless, leaving the building almost completely destroyed; Mr. Maximiliano Danezi's house was hit by many projectiles; the one owned by Mr. Homero Beltrão received a shell that caused extensive damage.
Shootings and bombing paralyzed life in the city. Businesses closed and few dared to stay on the street. The population took refuge in basements, cellars and remote streets or fled on foot and in carts to the forests around the city and neighboring municipalities. Newspapers stopped circulating and the supply of meat and bread was interrupted for two days. The machine guns and cannons, in the words of Correio da Serra, "chopped, one could say, hundreds of electrical power cables and telephone wires". The Santa Maria Power Plant had its chimney hit by shells, and the city was left in darkness. Normalization took several days after the end of the conflict, leading to a series of robberies on nights without street lighting.
After the conflict ended, major Barão was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Notable people from local society raised funds for a tribute to the 1st Cavalry Regiment, which was criticized in the newspaper Gaspar Martins, according to which "some would say that they signed, either because someone was part of the committee asking for it, or because he didn't want to be looked down upon by the Brigade or by the Brigade's supporters". Borges de Medeiros prevented the tribute, according to him, as the regiment did nothing more than fulfill its duty; according to historian Romeu Beltrão, the governor did not want to antagonize the army. Opponents of the municipal government were accused of collaborating with the revolt, including Arnaldo de Mello, editor-in-chief of Correio da Serra.
After the revolt in Santa Maria, general Eurico de Andrade Neves, commander of the 3rd Military Region, accelerated the loyalist mobilization. The 7th Hunter Battalion (BC), from Porto Alegre, was transferred to Santa Maria, and the 8th BC, from São Leopoldo, to São Gabriel. The railway junction in Cacequi was occupied by an army contingent, coming from the São Simão Remount Depot. The state government continued to mobilize volunteers and on 23 November created four provisional corps in Santa Maria, Cachoeira, Rio Pardo and Palmeira, with 261 men. At the beginning of the following month, the 16th Auxiliary Corps, or "Railway Battalion", was also created to defend the railway.
The rebels from Santa Maria entered the municipality of São Gabriel on 18 November. Their marshals, looking for horses, shot at civilians, and the news reached the loyalists. The city was occupied by the 8th BC and the IV/1st RC, and spies in the barracks watched suspicious officers. This was not enough to prevent the troops from joining the rebels. On the 19th, lieutenant Vicente Mário de Castro rebelled 38 soldiers from the 1st Battery of the 6th Horse Artillery Group (I/6th GACav). Instead of revolting in the city, they escaped to join their companions from Santa Maria, heading to Seival, in Caçapava. Moments after the withdrawal, the 8th BC surrounded the barracks.
A mixed detachment of the army and Military Brigade, led by major Luiz Carlos de Moraes, was tasked with pursuing the Santa Maria rebels. It was made up of 50 soldiers from the Remount Depot, the IV/1st RC, which was still in São Gabriel, and two formations from Alegrete, the 6th RCI and the "Patriot Corps". The 6th RCI was full of supporters of the revolt, so that major Moraes used only 140 men. The 522 irregulars of the Patriot Corps, in the major's opinion, were "poorly organized, without uniforms and equipment, but with a lot of enthusiasm, which was transmitted to them by the personality of their leader", the quartermaster of Alegrete, Oswaldo Aranha. In total, the detachment had 800 men, concentrating at the Bela Vista railway station on 20 November.
The IV/1st RC was sent further ahead to Passo da Rocha, near the Vacacaí river, where the Santa Maria rebels had been spotted. These crossed the river at Passo do Camisão, entering the municipality of São Sepé. A detachment was sent to headquarters to disable communications; the place was protected by a small contingent of the Military Brigade, which left the city, avoiding combat. The bulk of the rebels continued to Passo da Juliana, in the São Sepé stream, to reach the municipality of Caçapava. The loyalist detachment stationed in Guabiju, where it was overtaken by a rebel deserter who reported the enemy's strength, weapons and ammunition.
Major Moraes then decided to send two reconnaissance elements to the front, with the mission of pinning down the enemy until the bulk of the detachment arrived. Aware of automatic weapons, he ordered these elements to avoid a full engagement. Each would have 200 men, largely from the Patriot Corps. One would head in the direction of Caçapava, commanded by Oswaldo Aranha, and the other in the direction of São Sepé under one of his trusted men, major Laurindo Ramos. Both were to maintain contact with the detachment, whose axis of movement would be in the direction of Santa Bárbara and Bossoroca. However, the vanguards demonstrated operational indiscipline, maintaining little contact and incorporating the detachment's emissaries. Oswaldo Aranha, without the knowledge and authorization of major Moraes, also incorporated the entire IV/1st RC into his element.
Most of the defeated rebels took refuge in Uruguay. Since 1 January 1927, a new border treaty with Brazil was in force, by which the leaders of the rebellions in Brazil would be interned in this country as far as possible from the Brazilian border. The soldiers remained in concentration camps close to the border, such as in Tacuarembó, where 297 rebels were interned. There was no new chance; the 1926 tenentist uprising was the final one.
Due to its ephemeral nature, the movement was nicknamed "Lightning Column"; in historiography there is also the plural, "lightning columns". The nickname was a reference to the campaign of Herrera, a Uruguayan political leader from the Blanco Party. Boarding a "lightning train", he stopped at each station just long enough to utter a few brief words.
The Rio Grande do Sul campaign reached its peak in Seival. This combat is notorious in Brazilian military history as the end of the "gaucho style war" and the cavalry charges. For Flávio Poitevin, the event was "the last gaucho cavalry charge initiated with the southern Guaicurus, at the end of 1500". In Santa Catarina, the campaign had "few consequences", according to Oswaldo Cabral, a historian of that state. Paulo Adam noted the "epic" dimension of Leonel Rocha's journey. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Lightning Column (Portuguese: Coluna Relâmpago) was the last tenentist uprising, fought in southern Brazil from November 1926. Under the command of general Isidoro Dias Lopes, exiled in Argentina, military and civilian leaders of the government's opposition in Rio Grande do Sul combined incursions across Brazilian borders with uprisings in army garrisons in Rio Grande do Sul. The uprising, contrary to the federal and state governments, intended to indirectly support the Prestes Column, which was in Mato Grosso. Some conspirators anticipated the scheduled date (26 December), compromising the campaign plan, which was quickly dismantled by the loyalist army and state forces.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Previous revolts in Rio Grande do Sul were suppressed in 1924 and 1925, but the defeated rebels remained in neighboring countries. On 13–14 November, there were beginnings of revolt in the garrisons of São Gabriel and Bagé, followed on the 16th by that of Santa Maria, where the biggest fighting took place. On 7 December there was another army revolt, in São Leopoldo, but it was put down on the same day.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Santa Maria rebels, led by the Etchegoyen brothers, did not overcome loyalist resistance of the Military Brigade of Rio Grande do Sul, even though they had artillery and greater numbers. After more than a day of urban combat, which damaged many buildings and led to the population fleeing, they withdrew from the city. Pursued by the loyalists, they were intercepted by the Auxiliary Corps near Seival, in Caçapava. With machine guns in good defensive positions, they defeated successive cavalry charges and wounded the enemy commander, Oswaldo Aranha.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Seival rebels joined warlord Zeca Neto, coming from Uruguay, who led a war of movement until his defeat near São Sepé, on 25 December. Other chiefs and soldiers crossed the border to support Neto, unaware of the defeat. Júlio Barrios' campaign, from the extreme west of the state to the Santana do Livramento region, ended, as did Zeca Neto's, with his return to exile at the beginning of January. Parallel to these movements, Leonel Rocha entered Brazil through the Contestado region in November, seeking to cut the São Paulo-Rio Grande Railway, but his three-month long journey also ended in defeat.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Brazilians defeated in the 1924 tenentist revolts formed a community of exiles in neighboring countries (Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay). They were soldiers from the Brazilian Army, Navy and the Public Force of São Paulo and civilian leaders. All of them recognized the leadership of general Isidoro Dias Lopes and the \"civilian leader of the revolution\", Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil, leader of the Liberating Alliance, an opposition group in Rio Grande do Sul. The exiles maintained contact with each other and responded to any call from Isidoro. They met with political leaders and sent and received food, weapons, letters and packages to their families. The movement had its own general staff and finances, the \"revolution's coffers\".",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Some rebels continued the fight in remote regions of Brazil, forming the Prestes Column. They maintained contact with the exiles, who prepared new revolts in their support. Despite being too old to go on campaign, Isidoro Dias Lopes planned incursions across the border, coordinated with civilian and military allies from the Rio Grande do Sul garrisons. The strong association with civilian politics was the peculiarity of the tenentist movement in that state. The lieutenant officers and the \"liberators\" from Rio Grande do Sul had different objectives; the latter wanted to overthrow the governor of Rio Grande do Sul, Borges de Medeiros, and the former, the president of Brazil, Artur Bernardes. But many of the rebel officers were from Rio Grande do Sul, mixing causes. Due to the high polarization of politics in the state, Rio Grande do Sul officials were either \"liberators\" or government supporters.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The exiles' conspiracy faced the scarcity of resources and the police and diplomatic measures of the Brazilian and Rio Grande do Sul governments. The fight in Rio Grande do Sul, lost in 1924, was renewed in September 1925. The new revolt was a disaster. The military uprising did not occur, and only one of the border incursions took place, being quickly expelled from Brazilian territory. Even so, Lopes was preparing yet another offensive.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In March 1926, a sergeant from the Aviation Squadron Group (GEA), a Military Aviation unit, reported to the command of the 3rd Military Region the officers' participation in a conspiracy. The information reached the Ministry of War and resulted in orders for the region to \"have the devices destroyed, occupy the camp with a trusted detachment and subject the officers to investigation, sending those who were compromised as prisoners to Rio\". At the suggestion of the commander, major Martins, the measures adopted were less extreme, rendering the planes unusable by removing parts.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In October 1926, two years had passed since the first revolt in Rio Grande do Sul. The Prestes Column was fighting in Mato Grosso. On the 24th, the Column command met and decided to end the fight, heading towards the border with Bolivia. The troops were already exhausted, and the command hoped to negotiate an amnesty with Washington Luís, Bernardes' successor as president of Brazil, who would take office on 15 November. The Column's emissaries (Lourenço Moreira Lima and Djalma Soares Dutra) arrived the day before in Paso de los Libres, Argentina, where Lopes lived. Lopes viewed Washington Luís as negatively as Artur Bernardes, but agreed with the emigration. He only asked that the Column hold out for another two months, giving time for the new revolt he was planning.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The conspirators scheduled their action for 26 December. The work was long, raising resources and individuals. Lopess' General Staff, headed by Fernando Távora, had a detailed plan; he \"made reports on the loyalist, Armed Forces and police personnel; a summary of the largest civilian groups in the center, smaller groups and concentrations mobilized near the borders, including their armament, in addition to a survey of telegraph stations, production of maps\". Secret recruitment and propaganda centers operated in Porto Alegre, Santa Maria, Uruguaiana and Rivera, in Uruguay.",
"title": "Preparation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "One of the committed civilians, Leonel Rocha, remembered Lopes' confidence: \"there was no well-prepared revolution like this; If we miss half, we still have too much\". A civilian, Rocha was one of the veteran revolutionaries committed to the revolt, and therefore \"incorrigible\", in the words of Borges de Medeiros. Another veteran, Honório Lemes, did not fight after his defeat in 1925, but his nephew Alfredo supported the life in exile of the sailors of the battleship São Paulo who revolted in 1924 and took part in the new uprisings.",
"title": "Preparation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The plan consisted of a four-column invasion across the border, coordinated with uprisings in army units in Rio Grande do Sul. One of the most important garrisons would be Santa Maria, the largest military hub and railway center in the state. The concentration point would be in Caçapava, a municipality with a strong opposition presence. Parallel to the campaign in Rio Grande do Sul, one of the columns would enter Santa Catarina and Paraná to cut the São Paulo-Rio Grande Railway. After the victory in the south, the rebels would join the Prestes Column, coming from Mato Grosso, to march against São Paulo.",
"title": "Preparation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Despite any order from Lopes, on the night of 13 to 14 November there was an uprising among soldiers of the 9th Independent Cavalry Regiment (RCI), in São Gabriel. Led by sergeant Walter Corrêa da Silva, the rebels went to Ponte Seca, where they briefly fought against police and civilian forces during the early hours of the morning. Lieutenant Vicente Mário de Castro, involved in the conspiracy in another local unit (the 1st Battery of the 6th Horse Artillery Group), advised them to withdraw to Caçapava. Convinced that the revolt was premature, the lieutenant remained in São Gabriel, waiting for a better time. The rebels of the 9th RCI took refuge in the estate of opposition colonel Favorino Dias, in Seival, Caçapava.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Another sergeant from São Gabriel was in Bagé, where he rebelled the soldiers at 01:00 on 14 November. This beginning of revolt was suppressed inside the barracks, at the cost of the life of a loyalist lieutenant.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The hastiness of the uprising would be fatal. According to historian Coralio Cabeda, \"the revolution was already born dead\". Not all exiles were ready, and the surprise factor was lost. The state government and the command of the 3rd Military Region immediately took action against the conspiracies. Despite the precipitation, general Lopes called the other conspirators into action so that the sergeants would not be abandoned. The next revolt would be \"an almost desperate attempt to keep the revolutionary torch burning\". The date of 14 November can be related to the desire to obstruct the inauguration of Washington Luís.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "The 1st Cavalry Regiment (RC) of the Military Brigade, based in Santa Maria, sent its 4th Squadron to São Gabriel. Another formation in the city, the 5th Infantry Brigade, placed the Aviation Squadron Group on alert. Colonel Enéas Pompílio Pires, brigade commander, requested aerial reconnaissance, which was not possible; Of the Group's 30 planes, the only ones capable of flying were the four from the 1st Bombardment Squadron, from Alegrete, one of which had been sent to Porto Alegre. Second lieutenant Idílio Aleixo went to pick up one of the planes in Alegrete, where he was arrested by the local garrison, who deemed the mission to be very suspicious.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Even before the revolts in São Gabriel and Bagé, the atmosphere was tense in Santa Maria. There was much talk about an army uprising, to be launched on 15 November, on the holiday of the Proclamation of the Republic. Inside the army barracks, it was believed that there was a revolt by the Military Brigade garrison due to non-payment of wages. Since the previous month, a rumor had been spread that Washington Luís would dissolve the army, leaving only the state forces.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "The 5th Infantry Brigade, based in Santa Maria, kept officers and sergeants on standby in their homes. Its commander, colonel Enéas Pompílio Pires, knew of the commitment of some of his subordinates to the conspiracy, and sought to avoid a conflict within the barracks. A stronger measure against the revolt would be strict readiness, but possibly the conspirators were even within the commander's intelligence service, leaving him poorly informed about the revolts in São Gabriel and Bagé. The conspirators, in turn, mistakenly believed in the success of previous uprisings, and became more confident after the 4th Squadron of the 1st RC left the city.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Major Aníbal Garcia Barão, interim commander of this regiment, took precautions by keeping it ready. Only one platoon, heavily armed, participated in the 15 November parade. Despite expectations, the ceremonies occurred without incidents. At night, army soldiers confirmed to the major that the revolt was imminent. All personnel from the regiment in Santa Maria spent the night in the barracks.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "The uprising began at midnight from 15 to 16 November. In the 5th Horse Artillery Regiment, the brothers and first lieutenants Alcides and Nelson Gonçalves Etchegoyen arrested several officers, organized the troops and took them to the barracks of the 7th Infantry Regiment. At 03:00, they entered the gate, arrested the sentry and took the weapons of the Guard Corps. They also had two first lieutenants from the regiment, Iguatemi Moreira and Heitor Lobato Valle, sergeants, civilians in uniform and three cannons positioned near the barracks. The loyalist officers were arrested, the storeroom was broken into and the soldiers were woken up by screams that the Military Brigade was attacking the regiment.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "At 05:30 or 05:45 the first cannon shots were fired, seeking to ward off an armed column that was approaching the 7th RI in drill order — in reality, they were students from Ginásio Santa Maria, candidates for reservists of Tiro de Guerra No. 36, walking along Coronel Niederauer Street on the way to training. None of the students were injured.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "The noise of the cannons woke up colonel Enéas, who was sleeping in the barracks of the 5th Infantry Brigade, next to the barracks of the 7th RI. When he opened the window, soldiers from the 5th RAM and civilians on horseback pointed their weapons at him, and lieutenant Alcides Etchegoyen ordered him to retreat, as this would not guarantee his life. The colonel was trapped in the General Headquarters, with his telephone unusable and sentries on guard. The commander of the 7th RI suffered the same fate. Other loyalist officers managed to escape and report to the Military Brigade, including lieutenant colonel Cândido Alves de Mesquita, effective commander of the 5th RAM, who took command of the city and put major Barão in charge of its defense.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Based five kilometers from Santa Maria, the Aviation Squadron Group received an ultimatum to take sides or be bombed. The base was vulnerable to artillery, there were only 40 men and 18 rifles and the officers noted the risk of subordinates joining the revolt. The commander decided it was better to retreat to join the other loyalists in the region. The troops marched through fields and wires, avoiding rebel patrols. Its guide was government colonel Ramiro de Oliveira, a property owner next to the Group's headquarters. On the afternoon of the following day, the troops were already in Camobi, from where they telegraphed to the 3rd Military Region.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "At the first sound of the cannons, major Barão withdrew the 1st RC from its barracks, on the other side of the city, as it would be vulnerable to bombardment. At 07:00 he took his regiment to the city center on horseback and in requisitioned automobiles. Mounted rebels patrols, identified by red scarves, withdrew from the central streets to more distant positions. The brigadiers occupied the banks, the Municipal Quartermaster's Office, the National Telegraph and the Railway Station and established a line of trenches towards the north–south, dividing the city in half.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "The leadership of the revolt found itself in the unexpected and unwanted situation of facing the Military Brigade in the city center. The rebels began an artillery bombardment at 07:30, followed by a maneuver against the loyalists' left flank at 09:00. The rebels tried to lure the enemy into the more open region of Prado, but the brigades remained in their positions. Another attack was attempted on the right flank, and again the loyalists managed to reinforce the attacked point and hold the line. According to the Brigade's report, \"the situation of the loyalist lines was not changed during the entire action, as the opponent remained on the defensive until the end\".",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "Without one of its squadrons, the 1st RC had only 306 men in Santa Maria, of which around 200 fought, with the rest providing auxiliary services. The loyalist command requested reinforcements by telegraph and was able to receive them by train; civilians committed to the revolt should have cut railway communications, but they did not. The result was small, as the only reinforcement that day was from the Cachoeira do Sul Auxiliary Squadron, with 69 men. They disembarked at 18:00 when the Railway Station was under attack. Additional reinforcements, the 18th and 27th Auxiliary Corps, only arrived after the end of the battle. The number on the other side of the trenches, depending on the sources, ranged from 350 to 700–800 rebels. The army units had reduced numbers, and the 7th RI did not have its second battalion, which was deployed in Rio Pardo. Both sides relied on civilian support.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "The qualitative advantage belonged to the loyalists, as the 1st RC was an admittedly fierce unit, while the army troops were at the beginning of their training period, and therefore of little military value. The rebels controlled twelve cannons, but only five were functional; the rest were sabotaged by loyalist sergeants. The artillery fired from the front of the 5th RAM, from the front and sides of the 7th RI and at the Rosário Church, on Silva Jardim Street, firing directly at the positions of the Military Brigade and aiming at the barracks of the 1st RC. The cloudy sky and intermittent drizzle made aiming difficult.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "The 1st RC spent 78,590 rounds in the battle, guaranteed by a resupply and remuneration service. The military effort also included observatories at various points, emissaries on horseback (from the Command to the troops) and on foot (between the troops) and a health service at the Hospital de Caridade. Medical care for the rebels took place at the Army Military Hospital, under the direction of first lieutenant and doctor Romeu Borba and second lieutenant and veterinarian João Lemos. Both were loyalists, but ordered to work under armed surveillance. Several shots hit the hospital.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "Without dislodging the brigades from their positions, the rebels would have the option of leveling the city with artillery, which they did not want to, rejecting an imitation of the bombing of São Paulo in 1924. Continuing the impasse would leave the revolt isolated as soon as the loyalists received more reinforcements. The alternative found was to leave the city. The withdrawal began at 21:00, but part of the troops delayed until the next day, as a sergeant in charge of transmitting the order did not carry out his mission. At midnight, while the withdrawal was taking place, three cannons intensified their fire.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "At 04:00, the rebels' fire was already very weakened and major Barão was informed of the withdrawal. He preferred caution, especially at daylight, and manned the access roads to his own barracks, fearing an enveloping movement by the enemy. The northern flank received the order to advance, but found the 5th RAM barracks empty and retreated, fearing an ambush. At 05:00, a loyalist army officer, imprisoned in the 7th RI barracks, sent a message to colonel Enéas, asking him to break into the jails, as the rebels abandoned the barracks taking the keys with them. After the prisoners were released, the colonel sent his aide-de-camp with a white flag down Niederauer Avenue, but he had to turn back after two blocks as he was fired upon, probably by remaining rebels.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "On the orders of colonel Enéas, white flags were raised at the headquarters and an emissary was sent to major Barão. At 09:00 the Military Brigade launched a general advance. The only resistance encountered was in Vila Brasil. The population took to the streets, and the 1st RC occupied the army barracks.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "350 rebels left the city, heading towards São Sepé, 150 of them on horseback. They carried two cannons, useless for the type of war they faced, and three heavy machine guns. The retreat was disorderly, leaving behind weapons and equipment, including the two cannons. According to several newspapers, the houses along the way were looted. The loyalist soldiers were too exhausted to take advantage of the disorganization, and did not pursue their enemies outside the city, limiting themselves to launching some elements of exploration. On 20 November, according to the 5th Brigade bulletin, almost 200 rebels had returned to the barracks, and many others were hiding in the woods. On the 25th, 119 men from the 5th RAM were still absent.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "The battle cost the Military Brigade three deaths and 14 injuries, the rebels had six dead and 22 injured, and the civilian population four deaths and 12 injuries. The number of wounded rebels and civilians may have been higher, as some wounded rebels were taken by their comrades in retreat, and not all civilians sought care at the Charity Hospital.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "66 buildings were damaged by artillery, including several residences, the Clube Caixeiral, Colégio Elementar, Agência Ford, Ginásio Santa Maria and Seminário São José, the latter two, with students at the time of the bombing. According to the newspaper Correio da Serra,",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "Ipiranga Avenue was the street that suffered most from the bombing. Captain Felipe's house, owned by Dr. Mario Guimarães, received two shells, which completely destroyed its roof, ruining part of the front; the Charity Hospital, in front of which a force from the Brigade was entrenched, received a large number of projectiles; the house occupied by the traveling salesman Mr. Antônio Basso, suffered horribly, being shattered by thousands of projectiles, with a shell piercing a wall, exploding in the room and rendering all the furniture in it useless, leaving the building almost completely destroyed; Mr. Maximiliano Danezi's house was hit by many projectiles; the one owned by Mr. Homero Beltrão received a shell that caused extensive damage.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "Shootings and bombing paralyzed life in the city. Businesses closed and few dared to stay on the street. The population took refuge in basements, cellars and remote streets or fled on foot and in carts to the forests around the city and neighboring municipalities. Newspapers stopped circulating and the supply of meat and bread was interrupted for two days. The machine guns and cannons, in the words of Correio da Serra, \"chopped, one could say, hundreds of electrical power cables and telephone wires\". The Santa Maria Power Plant had its chimney hit by shells, and the city was left in darkness. Normalization took several days after the end of the conflict, leading to a series of robberies on nights without street lighting.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "After the conflict ended, major Barão was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Notable people from local society raised funds for a tribute to the 1st Cavalry Regiment, which was criticized in the newspaper Gaspar Martins, according to which \"some would say that they signed, either because someone was part of the committee asking for it, or because he didn't want to be looked down upon by the Brigade or by the Brigade's supporters\". Borges de Medeiros prevented the tribute, according to him, as the regiment did nothing more than fulfill its duty; according to historian Romeu Beltrão, the governor did not want to antagonize the army. Opponents of the municipal government were accused of collaborating with the revolt, including Arnaldo de Mello, editor-in-chief of Correio da Serra.",
"title": "Revolts in the garrisons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "After the revolt in Santa Maria, general Eurico de Andrade Neves, commander of the 3rd Military Region, accelerated the loyalist mobilization. The 7th Hunter Battalion (BC), from Porto Alegre, was transferred to Santa Maria, and the 8th BC, from São Leopoldo, to São Gabriel. The railway junction in Cacequi was occupied by an army contingent, coming from the São Simão Remount Depot. The state government continued to mobilize volunteers and on 23 November created four provisional corps in Santa Maria, Cachoeira, Rio Pardo and Palmeira, with 261 men. At the beginning of the following month, the 16th Auxiliary Corps, or \"Railway Battalion\", was also created to defend the railway.",
"title": "The battle of Seival"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "The rebels from Santa Maria entered the municipality of São Gabriel on 18 November. Their marshals, looking for horses, shot at civilians, and the news reached the loyalists. The city was occupied by the 8th BC and the IV/1st RC, and spies in the barracks watched suspicious officers. This was not enough to prevent the troops from joining the rebels. On the 19th, lieutenant Vicente Mário de Castro rebelled 38 soldiers from the 1st Battery of the 6th Horse Artillery Group (I/6th GACav). Instead of revolting in the city, they escaped to join their companions from Santa Maria, heading to Seival, in Caçapava. Moments after the withdrawal, the 8th BC surrounded the barracks.",
"title": "The battle of Seival"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "A mixed detachment of the army and Military Brigade, led by major Luiz Carlos de Moraes, was tasked with pursuing the Santa Maria rebels. It was made up of 50 soldiers from the Remount Depot, the IV/1st RC, which was still in São Gabriel, and two formations from Alegrete, the 6th RCI and the \"Patriot Corps\". The 6th RCI was full of supporters of the revolt, so that major Moraes used only 140 men. The 522 irregulars of the Patriot Corps, in the major's opinion, were \"poorly organized, without uniforms and equipment, but with a lot of enthusiasm, which was transmitted to them by the personality of their leader\", the quartermaster of Alegrete, Oswaldo Aranha. In total, the detachment had 800 men, concentrating at the Bela Vista railway station on 20 November.",
"title": "The battle of Seival"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "The IV/1st RC was sent further ahead to Passo da Rocha, near the Vacacaí river, where the Santa Maria rebels had been spotted. These crossed the river at Passo do Camisão, entering the municipality of São Sepé. A detachment was sent to headquarters to disable communications; the place was protected by a small contingent of the Military Brigade, which left the city, avoiding combat. The bulk of the rebels continued to Passo da Juliana, in the São Sepé stream, to reach the municipality of Caçapava. The loyalist detachment stationed in Guabiju, where it was overtaken by a rebel deserter who reported the enemy's strength, weapons and ammunition.",
"title": "The battle of Seival"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "Major Moraes then decided to send two reconnaissance elements to the front, with the mission of pinning down the enemy until the bulk of the detachment arrived. Aware of automatic weapons, he ordered these elements to avoid a full engagement. Each would have 200 men, largely from the Patriot Corps. One would head in the direction of Caçapava, commanded by Oswaldo Aranha, and the other in the direction of São Sepé under one of his trusted men, major Laurindo Ramos. Both were to maintain contact with the detachment, whose axis of movement would be in the direction of Santa Bárbara and Bossoroca. However, the vanguards demonstrated operational indiscipline, maintaining little contact and incorporating the detachment's emissaries. Oswaldo Aranha, without the knowledge and authorization of major Moraes, also incorporated the entire IV/1st RC into his element.",
"title": "The battle of Seival"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "Most of the defeated rebels took refuge in Uruguay. Since 1 January 1927, a new border treaty with Brazil was in force, by which the leaders of the rebellions in Brazil would be interned in this country as far as possible from the Brazilian border. The soldiers remained in concentration camps close to the border, such as in Tacuarembó, where 297 rebels were interned. There was no new chance; the 1926 tenentist uprising was the final one.",
"title": "Consequences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "Due to its ephemeral nature, the movement was nicknamed \"Lightning Column\"; in historiography there is also the plural, \"lightning columns\". The nickname was a reference to the campaign of Herrera, a Uruguayan political leader from the Blanco Party. Boarding a \"lightning train\", he stopped at each station just long enough to utter a few brief words.",
"title": "Consequences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "The Rio Grande do Sul campaign reached its peak in Seival. This combat is notorious in Brazilian military history as the end of the \"gaucho style war\" and the cavalry charges. For Flávio Poitevin, the event was \"the last gaucho cavalry charge initiated with the southern Guaicurus, at the end of 1500\". In Santa Catarina, the campaign had \"few consequences\", according to Oswaldo Cabral, a historian of that state. Paulo Adam noted the \"epic\" dimension of Leonel Rocha's journey.",
"title": "Consequences"
}
] | The Lightning Column was the last tenentist uprising, fought in southern Brazil from November 1926. Under the command of general Isidoro Dias Lopes, exiled in Argentina, military and civilian leaders of the government's opposition in Rio Grande do Sul combined incursions across Brazilian borders with uprisings in army garrisons in Rio Grande do Sul. The uprising, contrary to the federal and state governments, intended to indirectly support the Prestes Column, which was in Mato Grosso. Some conspirators anticipated the scheduled date, compromising the campaign plan, which was quickly dismantled by the loyalist army and state forces. Previous revolts in Rio Grande do Sul were suppressed in 1924 and 1925, but the defeated rebels remained in neighboring countries. On 13–14 November, there were beginnings of revolt in the garrisons of São Gabriel and Bagé, followed on the 16th by that of Santa Maria, where the biggest fighting took place. On 7 December there was another army revolt, in São Leopoldo, but it was put down on the same day. The Santa Maria rebels, led by the Etchegoyen brothers, did not overcome loyalist resistance of the Military Brigade of Rio Grande do Sul, even though they had artillery and greater numbers. After more than a day of urban combat, which damaged many buildings and led to the population fleeing, they withdrew from the city. Pursued by the loyalists, they were intercepted by the Auxiliary Corps near Seival, in Caçapava. With machine guns in good defensive positions, they defeated successive cavalry charges and wounded the enemy commander, Oswaldo Aranha. The Seival rebels joined warlord Zeca Neto, coming from Uruguay, who led a war of movement until his defeat near São Sepé, on 25 December. Other chiefs and soldiers crossed the border to support Neto, unaware of the defeat. Júlio Barrios' campaign, from the extreme west of the state to the Santana do Livramento region, ended, as did Zeca Neto's, with his return to exile at the beginning of January. Parallel to these movements, Leonel Rocha entered Brazil through the Contestado region in November, seeking to cut the São Paulo-Rio Grande Railway, but his three-month long journey also ended in defeat. | 2023-12-16T16:05:45Z | 2023-12-27T23:55:28Z | [
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75,578,992 | Minh Dang | Minh Dang is a Vietnamese-American independent consultant, speaker, and advocate on matters of human trafficking and social justice. She is the executive director and Cofounder of Survivor Alliance and was the executive director for Don't Sell Bodies, an anti-human trafficking organization founded by Jada Pinkett Smith. Dang is most known for speaking about her personal experience dealing with child abuse and her advocacy against human trafficking. Dang helped launch the U.S. Senate Caucus to End Human Trafficking with Senators Rob Portman and Richard Blumenthal. Dang received the UC Berkeley Chancellor's Award for Public Service in 2011, the Mark Bingham Award for Excellence in Achievement in 2013, and she was one of fifteen Asian American/Pacific Islander women recognized at the White House as a Champion of Change in 2013. She was also appointed by President Obama to serve on the U.S. Advisory Council to End Human Trafficking.
Minh Dang was born and raised in the San Francisco Bay Area. When she was 10 years old, Dang was sold into sexual slavery by her family with both of her parents profiting off from her work. Her exploitation continued during her high school years and into college.
During her first two years at college, Dang was still enslaved as a sexual worker. After her college tuition was paid, Dang severed ties completely with her parents. Her high school teachers recalled not suspecting anything was amiss since Dang was an excellent student and athlete.
Dang attended the University of California, Berkeley. In 2006, she received a B.A. in Sociology and in 2013 she received a Master's degree in Social Welfare, with an emphasis on Community Mental Health. Dang earned a PhD from the University of Nottingham in Politics and Contemporary History.
Before graduate school, Dang coordinated the Bonner Leaders AmeriCorps Program at the UC Berkeley Public Service Center. She also served as a Research Fellow and Lead in Survivor Scholarship and Wellbeing at the University of Nottingham's Rights Lab.
From 2014 to 2017, Dang worked as a Team Manager for an IT consulting firm in Emeryville, CA known as The Linde Group.
Dang's work with Survivor Alliance empowers survivors to be leaders in their own communities. She also strives to include survivor's ideas into research to enable her to find more effective strategies against sexual slavery.
Dang's human-trafficking story reached the public domain in 2010 through the documentary Sex Slaves in America: Minh's Story aired by MSNBC.
Dang served on the and The Norma J. Morris Center for Healing and the board of directors for Youth Engagement Advocacy Housing (YEAH), an organization that supports youth who are experiencing homelessness (ages 18–25). She also Co-led weekly Adult Survivors of Child Abuse (ASCA) support groups for six years.
Dang presented "Whose shame is it anyway?" at TedxTalk Berkeley in 2017. In her presentation, she shared her own personal journey with human trafficking and empowered other survivors to do the same.
Her PhD research, completed at the University of Nottingham, focused on survivor wellbeing and helping survivors build a prosperous life in freedom.
In 2011, Dang received a UC Berkeley Chancellor's Award for Public Service. That same year, she was also nominated for the 2021's FreeStarter Award.
In May 2013, Dang was one of fifteen Asian American/Pacific Islander women recognized at the White House as a Champion of Change for efforts of ending human trafficking.
In March 2014, The California Alumni Association honored Minh with the Mark Bingham Award for Excellence in Achievement by a Young Alumna.
On May 14, 2015, Womenspace awarded Dang the Barbara Boggs Sigmund Award for her advocacy in ending human trafficking. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Minh Dang is a Vietnamese-American independent consultant, speaker, and advocate on matters of human trafficking and social justice. She is the executive director and Cofounder of Survivor Alliance and was the executive director for Don't Sell Bodies, an anti-human trafficking organization founded by Jada Pinkett Smith. Dang is most known for speaking about her personal experience dealing with child abuse and her advocacy against human trafficking. Dang helped launch the U.S. Senate Caucus to End Human Trafficking with Senators Rob Portman and Richard Blumenthal. Dang received the UC Berkeley Chancellor's Award for Public Service in 2011, the Mark Bingham Award for Excellence in Achievement in 2013, and she was one of fifteen Asian American/Pacific Islander women recognized at the White House as a Champion of Change in 2013. She was also appointed by President Obama to serve on the U.S. Advisory Council to End Human Trafficking.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Minh Dang was born and raised in the San Francisco Bay Area. When she was 10 years old, Dang was sold into sexual slavery by her family with both of her parents profiting off from her work. Her exploitation continued during her high school years and into college.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "During her first two years at college, Dang was still enslaved as a sexual worker. After her college tuition was paid, Dang severed ties completely with her parents. Her high school teachers recalled not suspecting anything was amiss since Dang was an excellent student and athlete.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Dang attended the University of California, Berkeley. In 2006, she received a B.A. in Sociology and in 2013 she received a Master's degree in Social Welfare, with an emphasis on Community Mental Health. Dang earned a PhD from the University of Nottingham in Politics and Contemporary History.",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Before graduate school, Dang coordinated the Bonner Leaders AmeriCorps Program at the UC Berkeley Public Service Center. She also served as a Research Fellow and Lead in Survivor Scholarship and Wellbeing at the University of Nottingham's Rights Lab.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "From 2014 to 2017, Dang worked as a Team Manager for an IT consulting firm in Emeryville, CA known as The Linde Group.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Dang's work with Survivor Alliance empowers survivors to be leaders in their own communities. She also strives to include survivor's ideas into research to enable her to find more effective strategies against sexual slavery.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Dang's human-trafficking story reached the public domain in 2010 through the documentary Sex Slaves in America: Minh's Story aired by MSNBC.",
"title": "Affiliations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Dang served on the and The Norma J. Morris Center for Healing and the board of directors for Youth Engagement Advocacy Housing (YEAH), an organization that supports youth who are experiencing homelessness (ages 18–25). She also Co-led weekly Adult Survivors of Child Abuse (ASCA) support groups for six years.",
"title": "Affiliations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Dang presented \"Whose shame is it anyway?\" at TedxTalk Berkeley in 2017. In her presentation, she shared her own personal journey with human trafficking and empowered other survivors to do the same.",
"title": "Publications/Presentations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Her PhD research, completed at the University of Nottingham, focused on survivor wellbeing and helping survivors build a prosperous life in freedom.",
"title": "Publications/Presentations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In 2011, Dang received a UC Berkeley Chancellor's Award for Public Service. That same year, she was also nominated for the 2021's FreeStarter Award.",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In May 2013, Dang was one of fifteen Asian American/Pacific Islander women recognized at the White House as a Champion of Change for efforts of ending human trafficking.",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "In March 2014, The California Alumni Association honored Minh with the Mark Bingham Award for Excellence in Achievement by a Young Alumna.",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "On May 14, 2015, Womenspace awarded Dang the Barbara Boggs Sigmund Award for her advocacy in ending human trafficking.",
"title": "Awards"
}
] | Minh Dang is a Vietnamese-American independent consultant, speaker, and advocate on matters of human trafficking and social justice. She is the executive director and Cofounder of Survivor Alliance and was the executive director for Don't Sell Bodies, an anti-human trafficking organization founded by Jada Pinkett Smith. Dang is most known for speaking about her personal experience dealing with child abuse and her advocacy against human trafficking. Dang helped launch the U.S. Senate Caucus to End Human Trafficking with Senators Rob Portman and Richard Blumenthal. Dang received the UC Berkeley Chancellor's Award for Public Service in 2011, the Mark Bingham Award for Excellence in Achievement in 2013, and she was one of fifteen Asian American/Pacific Islander women recognized at the White House as a Champion of Change in 2013. She was also appointed by President Obama to serve on the U.S. Advisory Council to End Human Trafficking. | 2023-12-16T16:07:57Z | 2023-12-21T18:48:33Z | [
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75,579,001 | Water to Drink (album) | Water to Drink is an album by the American musician Victoria Williams, released in 2000. Williams promoted the album by touring with Lou Reed.
Williams had originally intended to record an album of standards, but was discouraged by Atlantic Records. The title track was written by Antônio Carlos Jobim. Williams used a kalimba on some of the tracks. Van Dyke Parks composed the string parts for some songs. Greg Leisz played pedal steel. Mark Olson, Williams's then-husband, sang on "Joy of Love".
Entertainment Weekly noted that "Williams has a strange, little-girl voice that channels big emotions and annoys small-minded quirkophobes." The Atlanta Constitution wrote that Williams has "tamed the wilder edges of her oddball compositions so that her shambling country-gospel-pop sound has steeped into something you might call homespun jazz." Spin praised Petra Hayden's "shimmering backing vocals." The Los Angeles Times opined that Williams "is among the least jaded contemporary songwriters, a chronicler of the incidental moments that transform the prosaic into the transcendent." The Hartford Courant determined that "her cutesy turn on 'Claude' has her sounding like a nails-on-chalkboard version of Carol Channing."
AllMusic wrote that "the constraints of performing another composer's songs tone down the blur of her ideas, giving her space where she can spread out and share her immense talent." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Water to Drink is an album by the American musician Victoria Williams, released in 2000. Williams promoted the album by touring with Lou Reed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Williams had originally intended to record an album of standards, but was discouraged by Atlantic Records. The title track was written by Antônio Carlos Jobim. Williams used a kalimba on some of the tracks. Van Dyke Parks composed the string parts for some songs. Greg Leisz played pedal steel. Mark Olson, Williams's then-husband, sang on \"Joy of Love\".",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Entertainment Weekly noted that \"Williams has a strange, little-girl voice that channels big emotions and annoys small-minded quirkophobes.\" The Atlanta Constitution wrote that Williams has \"tamed the wilder edges of her oddball compositions so that her shambling country-gospel-pop sound has steeped into something you might call homespun jazz.\" Spin praised Petra Hayden's \"shimmering backing vocals.\" The Los Angeles Times opined that Williams \"is among the least jaded contemporary songwriters, a chronicler of the incidental moments that transform the prosaic into the transcendent.\" The Hartford Courant determined that \"her cutesy turn on 'Claude' has her sounding like a nails-on-chalkboard version of Carol Channing.\"",
"title": "Critical reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "AllMusic wrote that \"the constraints of performing another composer's songs tone down the blur of her ideas, giving her space where she can spread out and share her immense talent.\"",
"title": "Critical reception"
}
] | Water to Drink is an album by the American musician Victoria Williams, released in 2000. Williams promoted the album by touring with Lou Reed. | 2023-12-16T16:09:57Z | 2023-12-16T17:09:52Z | [
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75,579,003 | Henry Arklin | Henry Arklin (born July 17, 1928), also known as Hank Arklin, is an American politician. He served as Republican member for the 41st district of the California State Assembly.
Arklin was born in California. He was a businessman.
In 1968, Arklin was elected to represent the 41st district of the California State Assembly, succeeding David Negri. He served until 1971, when he was succeeded by Jim Keysor.
Category:1928 births Category:Living people Category:Republican Party members of the California State Assembly Category:20th-century American politicians | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Henry Arklin (born July 17, 1928), also known as Hank Arklin, is an American politician. He served as Republican member for the 41st district of the California State Assembly.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Arklin was born in California. He was a businessman.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1968, Arklin was elected to represent the 41st district of the California State Assembly, succeeding David Negri. He served until 1971, when he was succeeded by Jim Keysor.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Category:1928 births Category:Living people Category:Republican Party members of the California State Assembly Category:20th-century American politicians",
"title": "References"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Henry Arklin, also known as Hank Arklin, is an American politician. He served as Republican member for the 41st district of the California State Assembly. | 2023-12-16T16:10:31Z | 2023-12-19T01:54:36Z | [
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75,579,030 | 2010 Muntinlupa local elections | Local elections took place in Muntinlupa on May 10, 2010 within the 2010 Philippine general election. Voters elected the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, the congressman, and the 16 councilors, eight each in the two local legislative districts of Muntinlupa.
Mayor Aldrin San Pedro ran for re-election for second term. He faced former Mayor Jaime "Jimmy" Fresnedi and independent Oscar Mamerto.
Vice Mayor Artemio "Temy" Simundac ran for re-election for second term. He was challenged by Second District Councilor Marissa Rongavilla.
Rep. Rozzano Rufino "Ruffy" Biazon was term-limited. He ran for senator instead, switching seats with his father, former Representative and outgoing Senator Rodolfo "Pong" Biazon. Biazon was challenged by broadcaster and former Press Secretary Ricardo "Dong" Puno Jr., First District Councilor Ermie Espeleta, Second District Councilor Rey Bulay, Rodolfo "Rudy" Viloria, Rafael Burgos, and Herminio Sorilla.
Mayor Aldrin San Pedro won over former Mayor Jaime "Jimmy" Fresnedi and independent Oscar Mamerto.
Vice Mayor Artemio "Temy" Simundac defeated Second District Councilor Marissa Rongavilla.
Former Representative and outgoing Senator Rodolfo "Pong" Biazon won over broadcaster and former Press Secretary Ricardo "Dong" Puno Jr. and other candidates. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Local elections took place in Muntinlupa on May 10, 2010 within the 2010 Philippine general election. Voters elected the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, the congressman, and the 16 councilors, eight each in the two local legislative districts of Muntinlupa.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Mayor Aldrin San Pedro ran for re-election for second term. He faced former Mayor Jaime \"Jimmy\" Fresnedi and independent Oscar Mamerto.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Vice Mayor Artemio \"Temy\" Simundac ran for re-election for second term. He was challenged by Second District Councilor Marissa Rongavilla.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Rep. Rozzano Rufino \"Ruffy\" Biazon was term-limited. He ran for senator instead, switching seats with his father, former Representative and outgoing Senator Rodolfo \"Pong\" Biazon. Biazon was challenged by broadcaster and former Press Secretary Ricardo \"Dong\" Puno Jr., First District Councilor Ermie Espeleta, Second District Councilor Rey Bulay, Rodolfo \"Rudy\" Viloria, Rafael Burgos, and Herminio Sorilla.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Mayor Aldrin San Pedro won over former Mayor Jaime \"Jimmy\" Fresnedi and independent Oscar Mamerto.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Vice Mayor Artemio \"Temy\" Simundac defeated Second District Councilor Marissa Rongavilla.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Former Representative and outgoing Senator Rodolfo \"Pong\" Biazon won over broadcaster and former Press Secretary Ricardo \"Dong\" Puno Jr. and other candidates.",
"title": "Results"
}
] | Local elections took place in Muntinlupa on May 10, 2010 within the 2010 Philippine general election. Voters elected the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, the congressman, and the 16 councilors, eight each in the two local legislative districts of Muntinlupa. | 2023-12-16T16:17:13Z | 2023-12-17T00:57:59Z | [
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75,579,068 | 2024 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) leadership election | The next Liberal Democratic Party leadership election will be held on September 2024 to elect the next President of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan. The winner of the election will effectively become the next Prime Minister of Japan if the LDP keeps its control over the National Diet by the time of the leadership election, and will lead the party in the next Japanese general election (if it takes place after the leadership election) and the next House of Councillors election in July 2025.
Based on opinion polls | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The next Liberal Democratic Party leadership election will be held on September 2024 to elect the next President of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan. The winner of the election will effectively become the next Prime Minister of Japan if the LDP keeps its control over the National Diet by the time of the leadership election, and will lead the party in the next Japanese general election (if it takes place after the leadership election) and the next House of Councillors election in July 2025.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Based on opinion polls",
"title": "Candidates"
}
] | The next Liberal Democratic Party leadership election will be held on September 2024 to elect the next President of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan. The winner of the election will effectively become the next Prime Minister of Japan if the LDP keeps its control over the National Diet by the time of the leadership election, and will lead the party in the next Japanese general election and the next House of Councillors election in July 2025. | 2023-12-16T16:25:51Z | 2023-12-19T19:00:59Z | [
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75,579,084 | Victor Morgan | Victor Hugo Morgan (December 25, 1879 – October 2, 1946) was an American journalist and editor for The Cincinnati Post and the Cleveland Press; owner and editor of The Clearwater Sun; editor-in-chief for the Scripps-Howard Newspapers.
Morgan was born in Massillon, Ohio, in the family of John Morgan, mining engineer, and Anna Davies Morgan. Morgan studied law at the Cleveland Law school. In 1902 Morgan travelled to France where he studied international law at the University of Marseilles.
Morgan served as U.S. vice consul in Marseilles from 1903 to 1906. After his return to the U.S., Morgan worked as editor for the Massillon Independent and stayed with the newspaper for five years. After Massillon Independent, Morgan moved to Ohio and started his career with the Scripps newspapers. He worked as an editor at the Akron Press, Cincinnati Post (editor in 1914-1915, replaced Harry Brown), Cleveland Press (editor in 1915-1921). During the First World War, Morgan served as a war correspondent for the Scripps newspapers. He was assigned to the American front in France during 1917-1918.
In March 1921 Morgan was appointed editor-in-chief of the Ohio group of the Scripps-McRae Newspapers (from 1922 renamed as the Scripps-Howard Newspapers) and stayed with the company until 1928.
After 17 years with the Scripps-Howard Newspapers, Morgan moved to Florida. The decision to relocate to Florida with his family was caused by his health. In 1928 Morgan purchased The Clearwater Sun and became its editor.
Victor Hugo Morgan married writer and actress Beatrice Burton on November 8th, 1916. Between 1918 and 1922 they had three children: Virginia, Victor, and Victoria.
After a few years of illness, Morgan died in Morton Plant Hospital in Clearwater, Florida on October 2, 1946. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Victor Hugo Morgan (December 25, 1879 – October 2, 1946) was an American journalist and editor for The Cincinnati Post and the Cleveland Press; owner and editor of The Clearwater Sun; editor-in-chief for the Scripps-Howard Newspapers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Morgan was born in Massillon, Ohio, in the family of John Morgan, mining engineer, and Anna Davies Morgan. Morgan studied law at the Cleveland Law school. In 1902 Morgan travelled to France where he studied international law at the University of Marseilles.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Morgan served as U.S. vice consul in Marseilles from 1903 to 1906. After his return to the U.S., Morgan worked as editor for the Massillon Independent and stayed with the newspaper for five years. After Massillon Independent, Morgan moved to Ohio and started his career with the Scripps newspapers. He worked as an editor at the Akron Press, Cincinnati Post (editor in 1914-1915, replaced Harry Brown), Cleveland Press (editor in 1915-1921). During the First World War, Morgan served as a war correspondent for the Scripps newspapers. He was assigned to the American front in France during 1917-1918.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In March 1921 Morgan was appointed editor-in-chief of the Ohio group of the Scripps-McRae Newspapers (from 1922 renamed as the Scripps-Howard Newspapers) and stayed with the company until 1928.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "After 17 years with the Scripps-Howard Newspapers, Morgan moved to Florida. The decision to relocate to Florida with his family was caused by his health. In 1928 Morgan purchased The Clearwater Sun and became its editor.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Victor Hugo Morgan married writer and actress Beatrice Burton on November 8th, 1916. Between 1918 and 1922 they had three children: Virginia, Victor, and Victoria.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "After a few years of illness, Morgan died in Morton Plant Hospital in Clearwater, Florida on October 2, 1946.",
"title": "Death"
}
] | Victor Hugo Morgan was an American journalist and editor for The Cincinnati Post and the Cleveland Press; owner and editor of The Clearwater Sun; editor-in-chief for the Scripps-Howard Newspapers. | 2023-12-16T16:27:59Z | 2023-12-17T01:11:05Z | [
"Template:Infobox person",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Morgan |
75,579,098 | 2023–24 SC Austria Lustenau season | The 2023–24 SC Austria Lustenau season is the club's 110th season in existence and its second consecutive season in the top flight of Austrian football. In addition to the domestic league, SC Austria Lustenau will participate in this season's edition of the Austrian Cup and the UEFA Europa League. The season covers the period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024.
Updated 4 September 2023. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Win Draw Loss Fixtures
Last updated: 9 December 2023 Source: Soccerway
Last updated: November 2023. Source:
The league fixtures were unveiled on 27 June 2023.
The draw for the season's first round took place on 25 June. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023–24 SC Austria Lustenau season is the club's 110th season in existence and its second consecutive season in the top flight of Austrian football. In addition to the domestic league, SC Austria Lustenau will participate in this season's edition of the Austrian Cup and the UEFA Europa League. The season covers the period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Updated 4 September 2023. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "Players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "Players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Win Draw Loss Fixtures",
"title": "Pre-season and friendlies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Last updated: 9 December 2023 Source: Soccerway",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Last updated: November 2023. Source:",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The league fixtures were unveiled on 27 June 2023.",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The draw for the season's first round took place on 25 June.",
"title": "Competitions"
}
] | The 2023–24 SC Austria Lustenau season is the club's 110th season in existence and its second consecutive season in the top flight of Austrian football. In addition to the domestic league, SC Austria Lustenau will participate in this season's edition of the Austrian Cup and the UEFA Europa League. The season covers the period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024. | 2023-12-16T16:30:23Z | 2023-12-16T16:39:39Z | [
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75,579,101 | André Flach | André Flach (born 23 April 1976) is a Dutch politician representing the Reformed Political Party who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "André Flach (born 23 April 1976) is a Dutch politician representing the Reformed Political Party who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election.",
"title": ""
}
] | André Flach is a Dutch politician representing the Reformed Political Party who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election. | 2023-12-16T16:30:41Z | 2023-12-27T13:22:24Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Flach |
75,579,124 | Lieutenants of Artigas (secret society) | The Legion of the Lieutenants of Artigas (Spanish: Legión Tenientes de Artigas) is an active ultranationalist secret society in the Uruguayan Army. Originally styled as a "lodge" despite not holding any relationship with freemasonry, it later abandoned the term.
Explicitly anti-communist and anti-masonic, the secret society was founded by generals Mario Aguerrondo and Julio Tanco in 1964 on an intent to counter "marxist infiltration" in the Uruguayan armed forces. The Legion has been active since its foundation and was particularly relevant during the Uruguayan Dictatorship, despite none of the four dictators were members of the lodge. The movement is deeply anti-liberal and anti-batllist, and rejects the separation of powers and of Church and state.
The society has experienced periods of growth and decline, being particularly powerful during the constitutional governments of Lacalle Herrera and the Broad Front, and experiencing a relative decay during both presidencies of Julio María Sanguinetti.
The Legion is anti-political and shows contempt towards professional politicians, labeling them as corrupt. Lieutenants favour a larger involvement of the armed forces on the political leadership of the country. The lodge's ideology is based on nationalism and political Catholicism, and most of its original members were close to the National Party. On their initiation ceremony, Lieutenants must make an oath before the flag of Artigas to "respect and obey the orders of the military lodge and serve the fatherland". Aguerrondo defined the Lieutenants as being "not nazi nor fascist" but only "easterners and doctrinaire nationalists".
The movement can be placed amid many other military secret societies created in Latin America during the 20th century with the goal of preventing the propagation of communism among military officers.
Uruguayan politician Guido Manini Ríos has been accused of being a member of the Legion. This would make him the first Lieutenant to hold the commander-in-chief office since the transition to democracy. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Legion of the Lieutenants of Artigas (Spanish: Legión Tenientes de Artigas) is an active ultranationalist secret society in the Uruguayan Army. Originally styled as a \"lodge\" despite not holding any relationship with freemasonry, it later abandoned the term.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Explicitly anti-communist and anti-masonic, the secret society was founded by generals Mario Aguerrondo and Julio Tanco in 1964 on an intent to counter \"marxist infiltration\" in the Uruguayan armed forces. The Legion has been active since its foundation and was particularly relevant during the Uruguayan Dictatorship, despite none of the four dictators were members of the lodge. The movement is deeply anti-liberal and anti-batllist, and rejects the separation of powers and of Church and state.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The society has experienced periods of growth and decline, being particularly powerful during the constitutional governments of Lacalle Herrera and the Broad Front, and experiencing a relative decay during both presidencies of Julio María Sanguinetti.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Legion is anti-political and shows contempt towards professional politicians, labeling them as corrupt. Lieutenants favour a larger involvement of the armed forces on the political leadership of the country. The lodge's ideology is based on nationalism and political Catholicism, and most of its original members were close to the National Party. On their initiation ceremony, Lieutenants must make an oath before the flag of Artigas to \"respect and obey the orders of the military lodge and serve the fatherland\". Aguerrondo defined the Lieutenants as being \"not nazi nor fascist\" but only \"easterners and doctrinaire nationalists\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The movement can be placed amid many other military secret societies created in Latin America during the 20th century with the goal of preventing the propagation of communism among military officers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Uruguayan politician Guido Manini Ríos has been accused of being a member of the Legion. This would make him the first Lieutenant to hold the commander-in-chief office since the transition to democracy.",
"title": ""
}
] | The Legion of the Lieutenants of Artigas is an active ultranationalist secret society in the Uruguayan Army. Originally styled as a "lodge" despite not holding any relationship with freemasonry, it later abandoned the term. Explicitly anti-communist and anti-masonic, the secret society was founded by generals Mario Aguerrondo and Julio Tanco in 1964 on an intent to counter "marxist infiltration" in the Uruguayan armed forces. The Legion has been active since its foundation and was particularly relevant during the Uruguayan Dictatorship, despite none of the four dictators were members of the lodge. The movement is deeply anti-liberal and anti-batllist, and rejects the separation of powers and of Church and state. The society has experienced periods of growth and decline, being particularly powerful during the constitutional governments of Lacalle Herrera and the Broad Front, and experiencing a relative decay during both presidencies of Julio María Sanguinetti. The Legion is anti-political and shows contempt towards professional politicians, labeling them as corrupt. Lieutenants favour a larger involvement of the armed forces on the political leadership of the country. The lodge's ideology is based on nationalism and political Catholicism, and most of its original members were close to the National Party. On their initiation ceremony, Lieutenants must make an oath before the flag of Artigas to "respect and obey the orders of the military lodge and serve the fatherland". Aguerrondo defined the Lieutenants as being "not nazi nor fascist" but only "easterners and doctrinaire nationalists". The movement can be placed amid many other military secret societies created in Latin America during the 20th century with the goal of preventing the propagation of communism among military officers. Uruguayan politician Guido Manini Ríos has been accused of being a member of the Legion. This would make him the first Lieutenant to hold the commander-in-chief office since the transition to democracy. | 2023-12-16T16:33:07Z | 2023-12-16T16:49:55Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenants_of_Artigas_(secret_society) |
75,579,160 | 2023–24 Temple Owls women's basketball team | The 2023–24 Temple Owls women's basketball team represents Temple University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Owls, led by second-year head coach Diane Richardson, play their home games at the Liacouras Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as members of the American Athletic Conference.
The Owls finished the 2022–23 season 11–18, 6–10 in AAC play to finish in a tie for eighth place. As the #9 seed in the AAC tournament, they lost to #8 seed Wichita State in the first round.
Sources: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023–24 Temple Owls women's basketball team represents Temple University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Owls, led by second-year head coach Diane Richardson, play their home games at the Liacouras Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as members of the American Athletic Conference.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Owls finished the 2022–23 season 11–18, 6–10 in AAC play to finish in a tie for eighth place. As the #9 seed in the AAC tournament, they lost to #8 seed Wichita State in the first round.",
"title": "Previous season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Sources:",
"title": "Schedule and results"
}
] | The 2023–24 Temple Owls women's basketball team represents Temple University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Owls, led by second-year head coach Diane Richardson, play their home games at the Liacouras Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as members of the American Athletic Conference. | 2023-12-16T16:41:37Z | 2023-12-22T23:44:37Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_Temple_Owls_women%27s_basketball_team |
75,579,167 | Muzaffar Muzaffarov | Muzaffar Muzaffarov (born 12 April 1995) is a Uzbek professional football player who plays as a midfielder for Bangladesh Premier League club Mohammedan SC.
In 2009, Muzaffar participated in a football competition in Spain with Pakhtakor FC. He was supposed to train with Real Madrid for six months following the tournament, however, due to passport problems he was unable to return to Spain. In 2014, he played for the reserves team of FC Neftchi Fergana before Davron Fayziev signed him at FC Sogdiana Jizzakh, the following year. He returned to Neftchi in 2017.
After a disappointing spell with FC Dinamo Samarqand, Muzaffar moved abroad, joining Bangladesh Premier League club Mohammedan SC in 2022. He played an instrumental role as Mohammedan won the 2022–23 Federation Cup, the club's first silverware in 9 years.
In July 2023, he joined Abahani Limited Dhaka on loan for the 2023–24 AFC Cup qualifying play-offs. He remained with Mohammedan for the 2023–24 season. Muzaffar's performances during the 2023–24 Independence Cup earned him significant recognition from the local media.
Mohammedan SC | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Muzaffar Muzaffarov (born 12 April 1995) is a Uzbek professional football player who plays as a midfielder for Bangladesh Premier League club Mohammedan SC.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In 2009, Muzaffar participated in a football competition in Spain with Pakhtakor FC. He was supposed to train with Real Madrid for six months following the tournament, however, due to passport problems he was unable to return to Spain. In 2014, he played for the reserves team of FC Neftchi Fergana before Davron Fayziev signed him at FC Sogdiana Jizzakh, the following year. He returned to Neftchi in 2017.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After a disappointing spell with FC Dinamo Samarqand, Muzaffar moved abroad, joining Bangladesh Premier League club Mohammedan SC in 2022. He played an instrumental role as Mohammedan won the 2022–23 Federation Cup, the club's first silverware in 9 years.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In July 2023, he joined Abahani Limited Dhaka on loan for the 2023–24 AFC Cup qualifying play-offs. He remained with Mohammedan for the 2023–24 season. Muzaffar's performances during the 2023–24 Independence Cup earned him significant recognition from the local media.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Mohammedan SC",
"title": "Honours"
}
] | Muzaffar Muzaffarov is a Uzbek professional football player who plays as a midfielder for Bangladesh Premier League club Mohammedan SC. | 2023-12-16T16:43:36Z | 2023-12-26T16:29:41Z | [
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75,579,178 | Baltic Farm | Baltic Farm, known as Farmi in Estonia, Ferma in Latvia and Fermos in Lithuania was the first and only season of The Farm to air in the Baltic region of Europe. 19 contestants compete and live on a Farm like it was a century prior and to try and survive to win the grand prize of €10,000. The series was filmed on the premises of the Mihkli farm museum in Malvaste, Estonia where the series was hosted by Marko Matvere representing Estonia, Artūrs Skrastiņš hosting for Latvia and Kęstutis Jakštas hosting for Lithuania. The series premiered on 4 February 2003 and concluded on 27 April 2003 where Latvian Una Jēkabsone won in the final challenge against Lithuanian Nerijus Cesiulis and Estonian Kalle Talvi to win the grand prize and be crowned the winner of Baltic Farm. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Baltic Farm, known as Farmi in Estonia, Ferma in Latvia and Fermos in Lithuania was the first and only season of The Farm to air in the Baltic region of Europe. 19 contestants compete and live on a Farm like it was a century prior and to try and survive to win the grand prize of €10,000. The series was filmed on the premises of the Mihkli farm museum in Malvaste, Estonia where the series was hosted by Marko Matvere representing Estonia, Artūrs Skrastiņš hosting for Latvia and Kęstutis Jakštas hosting for Lithuania. The series premiered on 4 February 2003 and concluded on 27 April 2003 where Latvian Una Jēkabsone won in the final challenge against Lithuanian Nerijus Cesiulis and Estonian Kalle Talvi to win the grand prize and be crowned the winner of Baltic Farm.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "Contestants"
}
] | Baltic Farm, known as Farmi in Estonia, Ferma in Latvia and Fermos in Lithuania was the first and only season of The Farm to air in the Baltic region of Europe. 19 contestants compete and live on a Farm like it was a century prior and to try and survive to win the grand prize of €10,000. The series was filmed on the premises of the Mihkli farm museum in Malvaste, Estonia where the series was hosted by Marko Matvere representing Estonia, Artūrs Skrastiņš hosting for Latvia and Kęstutis Jakštas hosting for Lithuania. The series premiered on 4 February 2003 and concluded on 27 April 2003 where Latvian Una Jēkabsone won in the final challenge against Lithuanian Nerijus Cesiulis and Estonian Kalle Talvi to win the grand prize and be crowned the winner of Baltic Farm. | 2023-12-16T16:45:05Z | 2023-12-18T13:48:17Z | [
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75,579,180 | Sarah Dobbe | Sarah Dobbe (born 5 April 1979) is a Dutch politician representing the Socialist Party who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election. She replaced party leader Lilian Marijnissen who resigned. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sarah Dobbe (born 5 April 1979) is a Dutch politician representing the Socialist Party who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election. She replaced party leader Lilian Marijnissen who resigned.",
"title": ""
}
] | Sarah Dobbe is a Dutch politician representing the Socialist Party who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election. She replaced party leader Lilian Marijnissen who resigned. | 2023-12-16T16:45:20Z | 2023-12-25T16:33:45Z | [
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75,579,187 | Lower Chelsea | Lower Chelsea is a neighborhood located on Absecon Island in Atlantic City, New Jersey, located east of the Intracoastal Waterway and the Chelsea Heights neighborhood. It is also west of the Chelsea neighborhood of Atlantic City and borders Ventnor City, New Jersey to its south. There are around 1,100 buildings in the neighborhood, one assisted living facility and one public housing complex.
According to the 2020 US Census Bureau, the total population of the neighborhood was 5,457, an increase of 458 from the 4,999 counted in the 2010 US Census Bureau. The demographics of the neighborhood by race are 34.8% White (1,897), 28.6% Asian (1,563), 28.1% Hispanic (28.1), and 11.4% other.
Students from preschool to eighth grade attend the Richmond Avenue School or Sovereign Avenue School, which are part of the Atlantic City School District. Ninth through twelfth grade education is provided by default by the Atlantic City High School. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Lower Chelsea is a neighborhood located on Absecon Island in Atlantic City, New Jersey, located east of the Intracoastal Waterway and the Chelsea Heights neighborhood. It is also west of the Chelsea neighborhood of Atlantic City and borders Ventnor City, New Jersey to its south. There are around 1,100 buildings in the neighborhood, one assisted living facility and one public housing complex.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "According to the 2020 US Census Bureau, the total population of the neighborhood was 5,457, an increase of 458 from the 4,999 counted in the 2010 US Census Bureau. The demographics of the neighborhood by race are 34.8% White (1,897), 28.6% Asian (1,563), 28.1% Hispanic (28.1), and 11.4% other.",
"title": "Population and Demographics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Students from preschool to eighth grade attend the Richmond Avenue School or Sovereign Avenue School, which are part of the Atlantic City School District. Ninth through twelfth grade education is provided by default by the Atlantic City High School.",
"title": "Education"
}
] | Lower Chelsea is a neighborhood located on Absecon Island in Atlantic City, New Jersey, located east of the Intracoastal Waterway and the Chelsea Heights neighborhood. It is also west of the Chelsea neighborhood of Atlantic City and borders Ventnor City, New Jersey to its south. There are around 1,100 buildings in the neighborhood, one assisted living facility and one public housing complex. | 2023-12-16T16:46:08Z | 2023-12-17T17:36:21Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Chelsea |
75,579,204 | Marijke Synhaeve | Marijke Synhaeve (pronounced [mɑˈrɛikə ˈsɛinɦaːvə]; born 5 November 1989) is a Belgian-Dutch politician of the Democrats 66 (D66), who has served as a temporary member of the House of Representatives since 9 December 2023. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Marijke Synhaeve (pronounced [mɑˈrɛikə ˈsɛinɦaːvə]; born 5 November 1989) is a Belgian-Dutch politician of the Democrats 66 (D66), who has served as a temporary member of the House of Representatives since 9 December 2023.",
"title": ""
}
] | Marijke Synhaeve is a Belgian-Dutch politician of the Democrats 66 (D66), who has served as a temporary member of the House of Representatives since 9 December 2023. | 2023-12-16T16:49:51Z | 2023-12-22T15:12:02Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijke_Synhaeve |
75,579,230 | 2005 Northwestern State Demons football team | The 2005 Northwestern State Demons football team represented Northwestern State University as a member of the Southland Conference during the 2005 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Scott Stoker, the Demons compiled an overall record of 5–5 with a mark of 3–3 in conference play, tying for third place in the Southland. Northwestern State played home games at Harry Turpin Stadium in Natchitoches, Louisiana. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2005 Northwestern State Demons football team represented Northwestern State University as a member of the Southland Conference during the 2005 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Scott Stoker, the Demons compiled an overall record of 5–5 with a mark of 3–3 in conference play, tying for third place in the Southland. Northwestern State played home games at Harry Turpin Stadium in Natchitoches, Louisiana.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "Schedule"
}
] | The 2005 Northwestern State Demons football team represented Northwestern State University as a member of the Southland Conference during the 2005 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Scott Stoker, the Demons compiled an overall record of 5–5 with a mark of 3–3 in conference play, tying for third place in the Southland. Northwestern State played home games at Harry Turpin Stadium in Natchitoches, Louisiana. | 2023-12-16T16:52:38Z | 2023-12-21T05:20:13Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Northwestern_State_Demons_football_team |
75,579,232 | San Martino, Riccione | The Old Church of San Martino in Arcione (Italian: Chiesa vecchia di San Martino in Arcione), known more simply as San Martino, is a Roman Catholic church in Riccione, in the Province of Rimini, Emilia-Romagna.
First recorded in January 1177 as S. Martini in Arzonis, the first, medieval church was located in the area of the present-day Fontanelle, south of Riccione. After the church was destroyed by an earthquake on Christmas Day 1786, San Martino was rebuilt at its present location on Corso Fratelli Cervi; the church was consecrated on 8 November 1789. It includes the shrine of Blessed Alessio Monaldi, who has been venerated in Riccione since 1578.
To accommodate Riccione's growing population, a New Church of San Martino (Italian: Chiesa nuova di San Martino) was consecrated on 10 March 1963. Located on Viale Diaz, which runs between the old town and the railway station, the larger, modern church is less than 280 metres (310 yards) away from the old church as the crow flies.
Both churches are dedicated to St Martin of Tours. Together with the churches of San Francesco (in Fontanelle, consecrated 1982) and Santa Caterina (in Raibano, consecrated 1988), they constitute Riccione's parish of San Martino.
The first mention of S. Martini in Arzonis dates to January 1177. A deed of sale, dated 20 April 1217, records San Martino as a chapel within the parish of San Lorenzo in Strada. It was located in the area of the present-day Fontanelle, south of Riccione along an eponymous stream, on a hill known as Cavrèt d'arvura. The medieval church contained one nave and three altars, dedicated to San Martino in Arcione, the Rosary, and Blessed Alessio Monaldi.
On Christmas Day 1786, an earthquake destroyed the medieval church. Work to rebuilt the church began on 10 November 1787, under the direction of Sante Mazzotti, with donations from Michelangelo Almeri and the Mattioli family. The new church was built on Corso Fratelli Cervi, within the growing town to the north of the original site, along the ancient Via Flaminia. Almeri had donated the necessary land to the Olivetans at the Scolca Abbey, who administered the parish.
The new church was consecrated on 8 November 1789. In 1827, the church was equipped with a baptismal font; in 1855, a cemetery was added to its left side. In the following decades, the sacristy was built, the belltower restored, the interior painted, and the altarpiece installed. The chapel of San Giuseppe was added on the site of the old cemetery in 1877.
The church was restored in 1989. The restoration included raising the anchoring of the bells in the belltower.
The church's belltower is located in the corner between the presbytery and the main altar. It is 19 metres (62 feet) high, and houses three bells.
The late-18th-century altarpiece in the chapel dedicated to Blessed Alessio Monaldi records the legend that he found water for pilgrims. Two thirsty pilgrims are depicted on the left, while on the right, Monaldi makes the ox goad to make the spring flow, accompanied by two angels. The painter is unknown, but may have been the work of Ligorio Donati, a former apprentice of Giovan Battista Costa [fr], Agostino Masucci, and Tommaso Conca, who was active in the rural areas of Rimini.
The church contains the shrine of Blessed Alessio Monaldi, who has been venerated in a marble tomb since 1578. The medieval church also included a chapel dedicated to him.
Monaldi was born in 1473. According to legend, he was a poor and virtuous farmer, who was mocked for his religious observance and humility. Several legends have been attributed to him:
Monaldi died aged thirty on 2 May 1503 and was forgotten. Some years after his death, Monaldi's body was exhumed and found in an incorrupt state, beginning his veneration.
From at least the end of the 16th century, locals venerated Monaldi as a Blessed. Despite his cult's local persistence, the Catholic Church has never officially recognised it. A canonisation process was opened in 1838, but was unsuccesful, and closed in 1842 without reaching Vatican officials.
Monaldi's veneration was particularly strong among Riccione's fishermen, who dedicated an extra holiday to his feast. According to one legend, during his life, Monaldi shined lights onto the belltower of San Martino to save fishermen from shipwreck. In 1880, an algal bloom between Ravenna and Ancona was said to have cleared after a procession of sailors invoked his intercession. Sailors have attributed sudden calms in perilous storms to Monaldi.
A votive cell to Monaldi exists next to the church of Stella Maris, along the Via Flaminia, east of Fontanelle; the cell records the spot that Monaldi found the water source, and predates the church's construction in 1963. Riccione's sulphurous water is locally renowned for its minerality and strong odour, with the flavour of rotten eggs.
The cult of Monaldi intertwines with that of other saints named Alexis, and the legend of the water source bears resemblance to that of St Isidore the Farmer. Historical records remember numerous local landowners carrying his surname, but nobody bearing the name Alessio. His ownership of oxen and a cart suggests that Monaldi was a farmer of some means.
By the mid-19th century, the church on Corso Fratelli Cervi was too small for Riccione's population. Don Alfredo Montebelli, San Martino's parish priest from 1937 to 1966, desired that a new place of worship be built. Benito Mussolini, Italy's dictator, whose family owned a summer villa in Riccione, promised to support its construction, but plans were shelved by the outbreak of the Second World War.
In January 1945, the parish was bequeathed a plot of agricultural land between Viale Ceccarini and Viale Diaz belonging to Maria Trozzolini. Her late brother, Dr Oddo Trozzolini, had wanted to donate the land for the construction of the new church. Maria's testament specified that the parish could only accept the land within twenty years of her death if the church's construction was financially viable. The first stone of the new church was placed on 20 January 1962.
The new church was designed by Marco Bizzi and built by the Impresa Edile Mingucci Giuseppe. It was consecrated on 10 March 1963, still dedicated to St Martin of Tours.
In its architecture, the church was conceived as a 'tent church'. It features twelve stained glass windows, created between 1986 and 1992, which illustrate the seven sacraments, the birth of the Church, and Christ's incarnation, passion, death and resurrection. The current presbytery was added between 1999 and 2000. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Old Church of San Martino in Arcione (Italian: Chiesa vecchia di San Martino in Arcione), known more simply as San Martino, is a Roman Catholic church in Riccione, in the Province of Rimini, Emilia-Romagna.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "First recorded in January 1177 as S. Martini in Arzonis, the first, medieval church was located in the area of the present-day Fontanelle, south of Riccione. After the church was destroyed by an earthquake on Christmas Day 1786, San Martino was rebuilt at its present location on Corso Fratelli Cervi; the church was consecrated on 8 November 1789. It includes the shrine of Blessed Alessio Monaldi, who has been venerated in Riccione since 1578.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "To accommodate Riccione's growing population, a New Church of San Martino (Italian: Chiesa nuova di San Martino) was consecrated on 10 March 1963. Located on Viale Diaz, which runs between the old town and the railway station, the larger, modern church is less than 280 metres (310 yards) away from the old church as the crow flies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Both churches are dedicated to St Martin of Tours. Together with the churches of San Francesco (in Fontanelle, consecrated 1982) and Santa Caterina (in Raibano, consecrated 1988), they constitute Riccione's parish of San Martino.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The first mention of S. Martini in Arzonis dates to January 1177. A deed of sale, dated 20 April 1217, records San Martino as a chapel within the parish of San Lorenzo in Strada. It was located in the area of the present-day Fontanelle, south of Riccione along an eponymous stream, on a hill known as Cavrèt d'arvura. The medieval church contained one nave and three altars, dedicated to San Martino in Arcione, the Rosary, and Blessed Alessio Monaldi.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On Christmas Day 1786, an earthquake destroyed the medieval church. Work to rebuilt the church began on 10 November 1787, under the direction of Sante Mazzotti, with donations from Michelangelo Almeri and the Mattioli family. The new church was built on Corso Fratelli Cervi, within the growing town to the north of the original site, along the ancient Via Flaminia. Almeri had donated the necessary land to the Olivetans at the Scolca Abbey, who administered the parish.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The new church was consecrated on 8 November 1789. In 1827, the church was equipped with a baptismal font; in 1855, a cemetery was added to its left side. In the following decades, the sacristy was built, the belltower restored, the interior painted, and the altarpiece installed. The chapel of San Giuseppe was added on the site of the old cemetery in 1877.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The church was restored in 1989. The restoration included raising the anchoring of the bells in the belltower.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The church's belltower is located in the corner between the presbytery and the main altar. It is 19 metres (62 feet) high, and houses three bells.",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The late-18th-century altarpiece in the chapel dedicated to Blessed Alessio Monaldi records the legend that he found water for pilgrims. Two thirsty pilgrims are depicted on the left, while on the right, Monaldi makes the ox goad to make the spring flow, accompanied by two angels. The painter is unknown, but may have been the work of Ligorio Donati, a former apprentice of Giovan Battista Costa [fr], Agostino Masucci, and Tommaso Conca, who was active in the rural areas of Rimini.",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The church contains the shrine of Blessed Alessio Monaldi, who has been venerated in a marble tomb since 1578. The medieval church also included a chapel dedicated to him.",
"title": "Blessed Alessio Monaldi"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Monaldi was born in 1473. According to legend, he was a poor and virtuous farmer, who was mocked for his religious observance and humility. Several legends have been attributed to him:",
"title": "Blessed Alessio Monaldi"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Monaldi died aged thirty on 2 May 1503 and was forgotten. Some years after his death, Monaldi's body was exhumed and found in an incorrupt state, beginning his veneration.",
"title": "Blessed Alessio Monaldi"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "From at least the end of the 16th century, locals venerated Monaldi as a Blessed. Despite his cult's local persistence, the Catholic Church has never officially recognised it. A canonisation process was opened in 1838, but was unsuccesful, and closed in 1842 without reaching Vatican officials.",
"title": "Blessed Alessio Monaldi"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Monaldi's veneration was particularly strong among Riccione's fishermen, who dedicated an extra holiday to his feast. According to one legend, during his life, Monaldi shined lights onto the belltower of San Martino to save fishermen from shipwreck. In 1880, an algal bloom between Ravenna and Ancona was said to have cleared after a procession of sailors invoked his intercession. Sailors have attributed sudden calms in perilous storms to Monaldi.",
"title": "Blessed Alessio Monaldi"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "A votive cell to Monaldi exists next to the church of Stella Maris, along the Via Flaminia, east of Fontanelle; the cell records the spot that Monaldi found the water source, and predates the church's construction in 1963. Riccione's sulphurous water is locally renowned for its minerality and strong odour, with the flavour of rotten eggs.",
"title": "Blessed Alessio Monaldi"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "The cult of Monaldi intertwines with that of other saints named Alexis, and the legend of the water source bears resemblance to that of St Isidore the Farmer. Historical records remember numerous local landowners carrying his surname, but nobody bearing the name Alessio. His ownership of oxen and a cart suggests that Monaldi was a farmer of some means.",
"title": "Blessed Alessio Monaldi"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "By the mid-19th century, the church on Corso Fratelli Cervi was too small for Riccione's population. Don Alfredo Montebelli, San Martino's parish priest from 1937 to 1966, desired that a new place of worship be built. Benito Mussolini, Italy's dictator, whose family owned a summer villa in Riccione, promised to support its construction, but plans were shelved by the outbreak of the Second World War.",
"title": "New church"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "In January 1945, the parish was bequeathed a plot of agricultural land between Viale Ceccarini and Viale Diaz belonging to Maria Trozzolini. Her late brother, Dr Oddo Trozzolini, had wanted to donate the land for the construction of the new church. Maria's testament specified that the parish could only accept the land within twenty years of her death if the church's construction was financially viable. The first stone of the new church was placed on 20 January 1962.",
"title": "New church"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "The new church was designed by Marco Bizzi and built by the Impresa Edile Mingucci Giuseppe. It was consecrated on 10 March 1963, still dedicated to St Martin of Tours.",
"title": "New church"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "In its architecture, the church was conceived as a 'tent church'. It features twelve stained glass windows, created between 1986 and 1992, which illustrate the seven sacraments, the birth of the Church, and Christ's incarnation, passion, death and resurrection. The current presbytery was added between 1999 and 2000.",
"title": "New church"
}
] | The Old Church of San Martino in Arcione, known more simply as San Martino, is a Roman Catholic church in Riccione, in the Province of Rimini, Emilia-Romagna. First recorded in January 1177 as S. Martini in Arzonis, the first, medieval church was located in the area of the present-day Fontanelle, south of Riccione. After the church was destroyed by an earthquake on Christmas Day 1786, San Martino was rebuilt at its present location on Corso Fratelli Cervi; the church was consecrated on 8 November 1789. It includes the shrine of Blessed Alessio Monaldi, who has been venerated in Riccione since 1578. To accommodate Riccione's growing population, a New Church of San Martino was consecrated on 10 March 1963. Located on Viale Diaz, which runs between the old town and the railway station, the larger, modern church is less than 280 metres away from the old church as the crow flies. Both churches are dedicated to St Martin of Tours. Together with the churches of San Francesco and Santa Caterina, they constitute Riccione's parish of San Martino. | 2023-12-16T16:52:42Z | 2023-12-27T21:13:08Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Martino,_Riccione |
75,579,246 | Dobbe | Dobbe is a surname of Dutch origin. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Dobbe is a surname of Dutch origin.",
"title": ""
}
] | Dobbe is a surname of Dutch origin. | 2023-12-16T16:54:44Z | 2023-12-18T11:41:32Z | [
"Template:Surname"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobbe |
75,579,250 | Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 400 metres T13 | The men's T13 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 24 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
All times shown are in seconds.
The results were as follows: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The men's T13 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 24 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:",
"title": "Records"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "All times shown are in seconds.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
}
] | The men's T13 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 24 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile. | 2023-12-16T16:55:47Z | 2023-12-29T23:04:17Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2023_Parapan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_400_metres_T13 |
75,579,272 | San Diego Film Critics Society Awards 2023 | The 28th San Diego Film Critics Society Awards were announced on December 19, 2023. The nominations were announced on December 14, 2023, with Barbie and Oppenheimer ("Barbenheimer") leading the nominations with twelve each, followed by Killers of the Flower Moon and Poor Things with eight apiece.
Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret. and Barbie won the most awards with five wins each, with the former winning Best Picture.
Winners are listed at the top of each list in bold, while the runner-ups and nominees for each category are listed under them. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 28th San Diego Film Critics Society Awards were announced on December 19, 2023. The nominations were announced on December 14, 2023, with Barbie and Oppenheimer (\"Barbenheimer\") leading the nominations with twelve each, followed by Killers of the Flower Moon and Poor Things with eight apiece.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret. and Barbie won the most awards with five wins each, with the former winning Best Picture.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Winners are listed at the top of each list in bold, while the runner-ups and nominees for each category are listed under them.",
"title": "Winners and nominees"
}
] | The 28th San Diego Film Critics Society Awards were announced on December 19, 2023. The nominations were announced on December 14, 2023, with Barbie and Oppenheimer ("Barbenheimer") leading the nominations with twelve each, followed by Killers of the Flower Moon and Poor Things with eight apiece. Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret. and Barbie won the most awards with five wins each, with the former winning Best Picture. | 2023-12-16T16:59:00Z | 2023-12-25T05:25:33Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox film awards",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:SDFCS Awards Chron"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_Film_Critics_Society_Awards_2023 |
75,579,275 | List of cemeteries in Kyiv | From long ago, noble residents of Kyiv were buried in monasteries, cathedrals, churches and their churchyards: the Church of the Tithes, St. Sophia's Cathedral, St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery, Vydubychi Monastery, Church of the Saviour at Berestove, St. Cyril's Monastery, Brotherhood Monastery, Florivsky Convent, etc. The places of burials were the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra (Kyiv Monastery of the Caves), its Near and Far Caves, its Holy Dormition Cathedral.
The first mention of cemeteries for mass burials in Kyiv dates back to the end of the 17th century. The plague epidemic of the 1770s was the reason for the creation of the first city cemeteries: Podil (Shchekavytsia, City) (on Shchekavytsia hill, liquidated in the 1930s) and Kudriavets (Old City) (in the estate of the Ascension Church, liquidated in the 1930s). In 1786, the cemetery at the Askold's Grave was turned into a city cemetery (from the second half of the 19th century, it became a burial place for the privileged part of the population of Kyiv, liquidated in 1935). In addition, the remains of the cemetery on Zamkova Hora (Castle Hill) and the Old Believers cemetery on Lukyanivska Street have been preserved. Burials also existed in the cemeteries of the city's parish churches, most of which have not preserved.
In 2023 there were plans in establishing of the National Military Cemetery in Kyiv. Later in August of 2023, those plans were changed. In November of the same year, mayor of Kyiv announced that he will insist on establishing of such memorial on the territory of the Kyiv city.
The article provides a list of current and former cemeteries where city residents are buried or were buried, and places of mass and individual burials. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "From long ago, noble residents of Kyiv were buried in monasteries, cathedrals, churches and their churchyards: the Church of the Tithes, St. Sophia's Cathedral, St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery, Vydubychi Monastery, Church of the Saviour at Berestove, St. Cyril's Monastery, Brotherhood Monastery, Florivsky Convent, etc. The places of burials were the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra (Kyiv Monastery of the Caves), its Near and Far Caves, its Holy Dormition Cathedral.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The first mention of cemeteries for mass burials in Kyiv dates back to the end of the 17th century. The plague epidemic of the 1770s was the reason for the creation of the first city cemeteries: Podil (Shchekavytsia, City) (on Shchekavytsia hill, liquidated in the 1930s) and Kudriavets (Old City) (in the estate of the Ascension Church, liquidated in the 1930s). In 1786, the cemetery at the Askold's Grave was turned into a city cemetery (from the second half of the 19th century, it became a burial place for the privileged part of the population of Kyiv, liquidated in 1935). In addition, the remains of the cemetery on Zamkova Hora (Castle Hill) and the Old Believers cemetery on Lukyanivska Street have been preserved. Burials also existed in the cemeteries of the city's parish churches, most of which have not preserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2023 there were plans in establishing of the National Military Cemetery in Kyiv. Later in August of 2023, those plans were changed. In November of the same year, mayor of Kyiv announced that he will insist on establishing of such memorial on the territory of the Kyiv city.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The article provides a list of current and former cemeteries where city residents are buried or were buried, and places of mass and individual burials.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | From long ago, noble residents of Kyiv were buried in monasteries, cathedrals, churches and their churchyards: the Church of the Tithes, St. Sophia's Cathedral, St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery, Vydubychi Monastery, Church of the Saviour at Berestove, St. Cyril's Monastery, Brotherhood Monastery, Florivsky Convent, etc. The places of burials were the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, its Near and Far Caves, its Holy Dormition Cathedral. The first mention of cemeteries for mass burials in Kyiv dates back to the end of the 17th century. The plague epidemic of the 1770s was the reason for the creation of the first city cemeteries: Podil and Kudriavets. In 1786, the cemetery at the Askold's Grave was turned into a city cemetery. In addition, the remains of the cemetery on Zamkova Hora and the Old Believers cemetery on Lukyanivska Street have been preserved. Burials also existed in the cemeteries of the city's parish churches, most of which have not preserved. In 2023 there were plans in establishing of the National Military Cemetery in Kyiv. Later in August of 2023, those plans were changed. In November of the same year, mayor of Kyiv announced that he will insist on establishing of such memorial on the territory of the Kyiv city. The article provides a list of current and former cemeteries where city residents are buried or were buried, and places of mass and individual burials. | 2023-12-16T16:59:14Z | 2023-12-31T21:01:44Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cemeteries_in_Kyiv |
75,579,292 | Disappearance of Alex Batty | Alex Batty is a British boy who went missing at the age of 11 in October 2017 and reappeared on 13 December 2023.
Batty disappeared after going on a holiday trip to Spain with his mother and grandfather. During the intervening six years, Batty lived "an off-the-grid life" with them in Morocco, Spain, and then in southwest France. At the age of 14 he decided to return to a more traditional life, and made his escape three years later at the age of 17, when, he said, his mother planned to relocate to Finland. Batty later told Greater Manchester Police that after he left his mother, he headed for Toulouse on foot and was later found by a delivery driver. On 22 December, after interviewing Batty, police confirmed they had launched a criminal investigation into his alleged abduction at the age of 11.
Batty was born on 18 February 2006. His father left when he was two years old and he was raised by his mother, Melanie Batty, and maternal grandmother, Susan Caruana. His grandmother later became his legal guardian. He lived in Oldham, Greater Manchester, and attended Hathershaw College.
Batty at times travelled abroad with his mother and grandfather. In 2014, the three stayed in a commune in North Africa.
When Batty was 11 years old, he travelled to Andalusia in Spain with his mother, Melanie Batty, then 37, and grandfather, David Batty, then 58, in September 2017. Neither adult had legal custody of the boy. On 30 September, the three flew into Malaga Airport, with plans to stay in Marbella. Caruana had given permission for the two to take her grandson out of the country.
The three did not return to the United Kingdom on 8 October as planned; Batty was last seen that day at the Port of Malaga. Later that day, Batty's grandmother received a message on Facebook with a video of her grandson with his mother and grandfather. In the video, Melanie laid out her reasons for leaving, including that she did not want Batty to attend school.
Batty reported in 2023 that he, Melanie, and David had lived a "nomadic life" since 2017, moving from house to house frequently and often living with other families. He said they joined a "religious community" of roughly ten members and said meditation and discussions on reincarnation were common. They grew their own food and used solar panels, which they carried from one home to the next, and the adults found odd jobs to make money. He did not attend any official schools.
The trio spent about two years in Morocco, then travelled through Spain into southwestern France. From 2021 to 2023, they lived in and around the Pyrenees mountains.
Batty attempted to enroll at a school in Quillan in November 2023, but was denied admission because he lacked identity papers. School authorities alerted the police about Batty, but the report was not followed up.
After Batty, his mother, and his grandfather failed to return to the United Kingdom, police initially suspected they may have travelled to Melila, Spain in hopes of travelling to Morocco. Greater Manchester Police began trying to locate Batty, noting they did not believe he was in immediate danger, but that they were concerned for his welfare.
Batty described the first few years he was away as being like a holiday, where he spent much of his time "reading, drawing, and going to the beach", but has said this changed when he was around 14 and was required to work on construction projects for his food and upkeep. It was at this point he began thinking about returning to the UK. "I started weighing up the pros and cons of each 'lifestyle' and after a couple of months I realised... England was definitely the way forward." After deciding he would leave, Batty wrote his mother a goodbye note, telling her "how much I loved her, how much I appreciated what she had done for me. I didn’t want her to worry about me". He said he then took a warm jacket, his skateboard and some money, and left in the "pitch black" night while it was "raining quite a lot".
On 13 December 2023, Fabien Accidini, a 26-year-old Toulousain chiropractic student working as a deliveryman, was driving between Camon and Chalabre when he came across Batty, who was walking alongside the road at 3 am, carrying a backpack, a torch, and a skateboard. Accidini passed him and made a delivery, then encountered him again as he returned along the same route. He pulled over and offered Batty a ride, which was accepted. Batty initially gave Accidini a false name, but divulged his real identity after a few minutes. They spoke together in French and English over the next three hours as Accidini completed his deliveries of medicines to pharmacies. Batty then used Accidini's mobile phone to text his grandmother. He texted: "I love you, I want to come home." Accidini took Batty to Revel, Haute-Garonne, where he handed him over to the police.
Hoping to protect his mother and grandfather from prosecution, Batty initially said he left his mother after she told him she wanted to move to Finland and that his grandfather had died several months earlier. He said he had been walking on his own for four days, sleeping during the day and eating food foraged from gardens, heading for Toulouse in the hope of finding a British consulate that would help him return to the UK. He later said he had walked for just two days. After Batty's discovery, French authorities took Batty into custody. They later confirmed he was "in good health" and "[did] not appear to have been abused".
Batty returned to the UK on 16 December, where he was expected to live with his custodial guardian, his maternal grandmother. In an exclusive interview with British tabloid newspaper The Sun, made public on 21 December 2023, he said he had fabricated a story about a four-day journey, in the hope that it would prevent police from tracking his family down.
On 22 December Greater Manchester Police confirmed that they had interviewed Batty and had launched a criminal investigation into his alleged abduction at the age of 11. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Alex Batty is a British boy who went missing at the age of 11 in October 2017 and reappeared on 13 December 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Batty disappeared after going on a holiday trip to Spain with his mother and grandfather. During the intervening six years, Batty lived \"an off-the-grid life\" with them in Morocco, Spain, and then in southwest France. At the age of 14 he decided to return to a more traditional life, and made his escape three years later at the age of 17, when, he said, his mother planned to relocate to Finland. Batty later told Greater Manchester Police that after he left his mother, he headed for Toulouse on foot and was later found by a delivery driver. On 22 December, after interviewing Batty, police confirmed they had launched a criminal investigation into his alleged abduction at the age of 11.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Batty was born on 18 February 2006. His father left when he was two years old and he was raised by his mother, Melanie Batty, and maternal grandmother, Susan Caruana. His grandmother later became his legal guardian. He lived in Oldham, Greater Manchester, and attended Hathershaw College.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Batty at times travelled abroad with his mother and grandfather. In 2014, the three stayed in a commune in North Africa.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "When Batty was 11 years old, he travelled to Andalusia in Spain with his mother, Melanie Batty, then 37, and grandfather, David Batty, then 58, in September 2017. Neither adult had legal custody of the boy. On 30 September, the three flew into Malaga Airport, with plans to stay in Marbella. Caruana had given permission for the two to take her grandson out of the country.",
"title": "Disappearance"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The three did not return to the United Kingdom on 8 October as planned; Batty was last seen that day at the Port of Malaga. Later that day, Batty's grandmother received a message on Facebook with a video of her grandson with his mother and grandfather. In the video, Melanie laid out her reasons for leaving, including that she did not want Batty to attend school.",
"title": "Disappearance"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Batty reported in 2023 that he, Melanie, and David had lived a \"nomadic life\" since 2017, moving from house to house frequently and often living with other families. He said they joined a \"religious community\" of roughly ten members and said meditation and discussions on reincarnation were common. They grew their own food and used solar panels, which they carried from one home to the next, and the adults found odd jobs to make money. He did not attend any official schools.",
"title": "Disappearance"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The trio spent about two years in Morocco, then travelled through Spain into southwestern France. From 2021 to 2023, they lived in and around the Pyrenees mountains.",
"title": "Disappearance"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Batty attempted to enroll at a school in Quillan in November 2023, but was denied admission because he lacked identity papers. School authorities alerted the police about Batty, but the report was not followed up.",
"title": "Disappearance"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "After Batty, his mother, and his grandfather failed to return to the United Kingdom, police initially suspected they may have travelled to Melila, Spain in hopes of travelling to Morocco. Greater Manchester Police began trying to locate Batty, noting they did not believe he was in immediate danger, but that they were concerned for his welfare.",
"title": "Investigation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Batty described the first few years he was away as being like a holiday, where he spent much of his time \"reading, drawing, and going to the beach\", but has said this changed when he was around 14 and was required to work on construction projects for his food and upkeep. It was at this point he began thinking about returning to the UK. \"I started weighing up the pros and cons of each 'lifestyle' and after a couple of months I realised... England was definitely the way forward.\" After deciding he would leave, Batty wrote his mother a goodbye note, telling her \"how much I loved her, how much I appreciated what she had done for me. I didn’t want her to worry about me\". He said he then took a warm jacket, his skateboard and some money, and left in the \"pitch black\" night while it was \"raining quite a lot\".",
"title": "Recovery and return to the United Kingdom"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "On 13 December 2023, Fabien Accidini, a 26-year-old Toulousain chiropractic student working as a deliveryman, was driving between Camon and Chalabre when he came across Batty, who was walking alongside the road at 3 am, carrying a backpack, a torch, and a skateboard. Accidini passed him and made a delivery, then encountered him again as he returned along the same route. He pulled over and offered Batty a ride, which was accepted. Batty initially gave Accidini a false name, but divulged his real identity after a few minutes. They spoke together in French and English over the next three hours as Accidini completed his deliveries of medicines to pharmacies. Batty then used Accidini's mobile phone to text his grandmother. He texted: \"I love you, I want to come home.\" Accidini took Batty to Revel, Haute-Garonne, where he handed him over to the police.",
"title": "Recovery and return to the United Kingdom"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Hoping to protect his mother and grandfather from prosecution, Batty initially said he left his mother after she told him she wanted to move to Finland and that his grandfather had died several months earlier. He said he had been walking on his own for four days, sleeping during the day and eating food foraged from gardens, heading for Toulouse in the hope of finding a British consulate that would help him return to the UK. He later said he had walked for just two days. After Batty's discovery, French authorities took Batty into custody. They later confirmed he was \"in good health\" and \"[did] not appear to have been abused\".",
"title": "Recovery and return to the United Kingdom"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Batty returned to the UK on 16 December, where he was expected to live with his custodial guardian, his maternal grandmother. In an exclusive interview with British tabloid newspaper The Sun, made public on 21 December 2023, he said he had fabricated a story about a four-day journey, in the hope that it would prevent police from tracking his family down.",
"title": "Recovery and return to the United Kingdom"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "On 22 December Greater Manchester Police confirmed that they had interviewed Batty and had launched a criminal investigation into his alleged abduction at the age of 11.",
"title": "Recovery and return to the United Kingdom"
}
] | Alex Batty is a British boy who went missing at the age of 11 in October 2017 and reappeared on 13 December 2023. Batty disappeared after going on a holiday trip to Spain with his mother and grandfather. During the intervening six years, Batty lived "an off-the-grid life" with them in Morocco, Spain, and then in southwest France. At the age of 14 he decided to return to a more traditional life, and made his escape three years later at the age of 17, when, he said, his mother planned to relocate to Finland. Batty later told Greater Manchester Police that after he left his mother, he headed for Toulouse on foot and was later found by a delivery driver. On 22 December, after interviewing Batty, police confirmed they had launched a criminal investigation into his alleged abduction at the age of 11. | 2023-12-16T17:01:53Z | 2023-12-27T23:40:12Z | [
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75,579,307 | Transition metal complexes of thiocyanate | Transition metal complexes of thiocyanate describes coordination complexes containing one or more thiocyanate (SCN) ligands. The topic also includes transition metal complexes of isothiocyanate. These complexes have few applications but played significant role in the development of coordination chemistry.
Hard metal cationss, as classified by HSAB theory, tend to form N-bonded complexes (isothiocyanates), whereas class B or soft metal cations tend to form S-bonded thiocyanate complexes. For the isothiocyanates, the M-N-C angle is usually close to 180°. For the thiocyanates, the M-S-C angle is usually close to 100°.
Most homoleptic complexes of NCS feature isothiocyanate ligands (N-bonded). All first-row metals bind thiocyanate in this way. Octahedral complexes [M(NCS)6] include M = Ti(III), Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Mo(III), Tc(IV), and Ru(III). Four-coordinated tetrakis(isothiocyanate) complexes would be tetrahedral since isothiocyanate is a weak-field ligand. Two examples are the deep blue [Co(NCS)4] and the green [Ni(NCS)4].
Few homoleptic complexes of NCS feature thiocyanate ligands (S-bonded). Octahedral complexes include [M(SCN)6] (M = Rh and Ir) and [Pt(SCN)6]. Square planar complexes include [M(SCN)4] (M = Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au(III)). Colorless [Hg(SCN)4] is tetrahedral.
Some octahedral isothiocyanate complexes exist in two oxidation states. Orange [Os(NCS)6] can be oxidized to violet [Os(NCS)6]. The Os-N distances in both derivatives are almost identical at 200 picometers.
Thiocyanate shares its negative charge approximately equally between sulfur and nitrogen. Thiocyanate can bind metals at either sulfur or nitrogen — it is an ambidentate ligand. Other factors, e.g. kinetics and solubility, sometimes influence the observed isomer. For example, [Co(NH3)5(NCS)] is the thermodynamic isomer, but [Co(NH3)5(SCN)] forms as the kinetic product of the reaction of thiocyanate salts with [Co(NH3)5(H2O)].
Some complexes of SCN feature both but only thiocyanate and isothiocyanate ligands. Examples are found for heavy metals in the middle of the d-period: Ir(III), and Re(IV).
As a ligand, [SCN] can also bridge two (M−SCN−M) or even three metals (>SCN− or −SCN<). One example of an SCN-bridged complex is [Ni2(SCN)8].
This article focuses on homoleptic complexes, which are simple to describe and analyze. Most complexes of SCN are mixed ligand species. Mentioned above is one example, [Co(NH3)5(NCS)]. Another example is [OsCl2(SCN)2(NCS)2]. Reinecke's salt, a precipitating agent, is a derivative of [Cr(NCS)4(NH3)2]. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Transition metal complexes of thiocyanate describes coordination complexes containing one or more thiocyanate (SCN) ligands. The topic also includes transition metal complexes of isothiocyanate. These complexes have few applications but played significant role in the development of coordination chemistry.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Hard metal cationss, as classified by HSAB theory, tend to form N-bonded complexes (isothiocyanates), whereas class B or soft metal cations tend to form S-bonded thiocyanate complexes. For the isothiocyanates, the M-N-C angle is usually close to 180°. For the thiocyanates, the M-S-C angle is usually close to 100°.",
"title": "Structure and bonding"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Most homoleptic complexes of NCS feature isothiocyanate ligands (N-bonded). All first-row metals bind thiocyanate in this way. Octahedral complexes [M(NCS)6] include M = Ti(III), Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Mo(III), Tc(IV), and Ru(III). Four-coordinated tetrakis(isothiocyanate) complexes would be tetrahedral since isothiocyanate is a weak-field ligand. Two examples are the deep blue [Co(NCS)4] and the green [Ni(NCS)4].",
"title": "Homoleptic complexes"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Few homoleptic complexes of NCS feature thiocyanate ligands (S-bonded). Octahedral complexes include [M(SCN)6] (M = Rh and Ir) and [Pt(SCN)6]. Square planar complexes include [M(SCN)4] (M = Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au(III)). Colorless [Hg(SCN)4] is tetrahedral.",
"title": "Homoleptic complexes"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Some octahedral isothiocyanate complexes exist in two oxidation states. Orange [Os(NCS)6] can be oxidized to violet [Os(NCS)6]. The Os-N distances in both derivatives are almost identical at 200 picometers.",
"title": "Homoleptic complexes"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Thiocyanate shares its negative charge approximately equally between sulfur and nitrogen. Thiocyanate can bind metals at either sulfur or nitrogen — it is an ambidentate ligand. Other factors, e.g. kinetics and solubility, sometimes influence the observed isomer. For example, [Co(NH3)5(NCS)] is the thermodynamic isomer, but [Co(NH3)5(SCN)] forms as the kinetic product of the reaction of thiocyanate salts with [Co(NH3)5(H2O)].",
"title": "Linkage isomerism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Some complexes of SCN feature both but only thiocyanate and isothiocyanate ligands. Examples are found for heavy metals in the middle of the d-period: Ir(III), and Re(IV).",
"title": "Linkage isomerism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "As a ligand, [SCN] can also bridge two (M−SCN−M) or even three metals (>SCN− or −SCN<). One example of an SCN-bridged complex is [Ni2(SCN)8].",
"title": "SCN-bridged complexes"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "This article focuses on homoleptic complexes, which are simple to describe and analyze. Most complexes of SCN are mixed ligand species. Mentioned above is one example, [Co(NH3)5(NCS)]. Another example is [OsCl2(SCN)2(NCS)2]. Reinecke's salt, a precipitating agent, is a derivative of [Cr(NCS)4(NH3)2].",
"title": "Mixed ligand complexes"
}
] | Transition metal complexes of thiocyanate describes coordination complexes containing one or more thiocyanate (SCN-) ligands. The topic also includes transition metal complexes of isothiocyanate. These complexes have few applications but played significant role in the development of coordination chemistry. | 2023-12-16T17:04:36Z | 2023-12-26T17:31:31Z | [
"Template:Image frame",
"Template:Chem2",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Coordination complexes"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal_complexes_of_thiocyanate |
75,579,309 | Hokkaido Otaru Fisheries High School | Hokkaido Otaru Fisheries High School (北海道小樽水産高等学校, Hokkaidō Otaru Suisan Kōtōgakkō) is a public high school in Otaru, Hokkaido.
It was first created in 1905 as the Hokkaido Fisheries School.
As of 2002, the Hokkaido Education Agency (北海道教育庁) owns the training boats that the students use: Hokuo-maru (北凰丸) and Wakatake-maru (若竹丸).
The students, along with Kokubu Hokkaido (国分北海道), developed a canned product called "Hokkaido Hokke" (道産ホッケ). | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Hokkaido Otaru Fisheries High School (北海道小樽水産高等学校, Hokkaidō Otaru Suisan Kōtōgakkō) is a public high school in Otaru, Hokkaido.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It was first created in 1905 as the Hokkaido Fisheries School.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "As of 2002, the Hokkaido Education Agency (北海道教育庁) owns the training boats that the students use: Hokuo-maru (北凰丸) and Wakatake-maru (若竹丸).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The students, along with Kokubu Hokkaido (国分北海道), developed a canned product called \"Hokkaido Hokke\" (道産ホッケ).",
"title": ""
}
] | Hokkaido Otaru Fisheries High School is a public high school in Otaru, Hokkaido. It was first created in 1905 as the Hokkaido Fisheries School. As of 2002, the Hokkaido Education Agency (北海道教育庁) owns the training boats that the students use: Hokuo-maru (北凰丸) and Wakatake-maru (若竹丸). The students, along with Kokubu Hokkaido (国分北海道), developed a canned product called "Hokkaido Hokke" (道産ホッケ). | 2023-12-16T17:04:51Z | 2023-12-25T09:59:52Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido_Otaru_Fisheries_High_School |
75,579,310 | Esmah Lahlah | Asmah "Esmah" Lahlah (born 13 October 1979) is a Dutch politician of GroenLinks (GL), who was elected into the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election.
Lahlah was born to a Dutch mother and Moroccan father.
Lahlah has worked as an alderwoman in Tilburg and as a university lecturer. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Asmah \"Esmah\" Lahlah (born 13 October 1979) is a Dutch politician of GroenLinks (GL), who was elected into the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Lahlah was born to a Dutch mother and Moroccan father.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Lahlah has worked as an alderwoman in Tilburg and as a university lecturer.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Asmah "Esmah" Lahlah is a Dutch politician of GroenLinks (GL), who was elected into the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election. | 2023-12-16T17:05:00Z | 2023-12-23T09:46:43Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmah_Lahlah |
75,579,315 | Church of the New Dispensation | The Church of the New Dispensation was a religious movement founded in the 19th century by Keshab Chunder Sen, characterized by its syncretic blend of Hindu, Christian, and other religious traditions, and its focus on direct, personal spiritual experience and social reform within the framework of Indian Brahmoism.
The Church of the New Dispensation, emerging in the early 19th century, represented a significant reform movement within Indian Brahmoism. Initially, it focused on the Advaita Vedanta philosophy, emphasizing the profound relationship between man and the divine. Influenced by both Puritan self-examination practices and faculty psychology, the movement reflected a deep emphasis on self-awareness and spiritual introspection.
Keshab Chandra Sen, a central figure in the 19th-century Bengali reform movement, played a critical role in the sect's formation, advocating for what he termed a 'living religion'. His call for religious and social reform emphasized the importance of God-realization through inward focus, resonating with the educated middle class, particularly the Bhadralok, who were closely aligned with British colonizers. The sect's appeal lay in its progressive ideology that resonated with the educated elite's aspirations for social and religious reform.
A distinctive feature of the sect was its synthesis of various religious elements. Keshab Chandra Sen, driven by his ideology of salvation, sought a universal religion, combining culturally diverse religious practices from Hinduism, Christianity, Vaishnavism, Saktism, Buddhism, and Unitarianism. This eclectic approach, including the adoption of Vaishnava kirtan into Brahmo services, marked a profound shift from traditional Brahmoism towards a more inclusive and universalist stance. Under Keshab Chandra Sen's leadership, the sect established a distinct identity, focusing on individual realization of religious knowledge. Leadership roles within the sect were centered around delivering lectures and designing religious rites that catered to the spiritual needs of its predominantly middle-class followers.
The sect underwent significant shifts in focus and leadership under Sen's guidance. In 1878, a critical division occurred following the controversial marriage of Keshab's under-aged daughter to the prince of Cooch-Behar, a decision seen as violating both the Native Marriage Act and the Brahmo Samaj's principles. This event led to the formation of the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj and subsequently, Keshab reorganized his smaller group of supporters into the Church of the New Dispensation, which adopted a syncretistic and eclectic approach, incorporating Hindu and Christian features.
The Church of the New Dispensation was characterized by its synthesis of Western and Indian traditions. It emphasized individual self-cultivation and balanced development of faculties, advocating for a direct, personal encounter with the divine while rejecting the reliance on external religious authorities.
Later, the sect incorporated concepts from other religious movements, such as avataric evolutionism based on the writings of H.P. Blavatsky in 1882. Keshab Chandra Sen's progressive integration of Christian theology, particularly his views on Christ and the Trinity, marked a controversial yet forward-thinking approach within the sect.
Sen's charismatic leadership was pivotal in the early expansion of the sect, but his controversial decisions led to internal strife and divisions. Sivanath Sastri, a prominent figure in the Sadharan Samaj, emerged as a significant critic, challenging the theological and ideological directions taken by Sen. Sastri's efforts were central to the Brahmo Samaj's impact, promoting ideals such as rational theism, social reform, humanism, and political liberalism.
Sen introduced the concept of a 'living religion'. This doctrine stressed the importance of God-realization through inward focus and called for religious and social reform, resonating with the values of the educated middle class. Sen's teachings encouraged followers to actively engage in self-improvement and societal betterment, aligning spiritual growth with social responsibility.
Central to the sect's belief was the advocacy for a direct, personal encounter with the divine. This approach rejected the dependence on external religious authorities, emphasizing a more intimate and personal relationship with God. The sect promoted a duality of worshipper and worshipped, fostering a deeper understanding and connection with the divine.
The sect's doctrines reflected a unique synthesis of Eastern and Western religious elements, notably under Keshab Chandra Sen's leadership. He envisioned a universal religion combining diverse practices from different cultural and religious backgrounds, aiming to transcend sectarian and national boundaries in the pursuit of a more holistic spirituality.
In its rituals and ceremonies, the Brahmoist sect skillfully integrated elements from both Indian and Western religious traditions. Practices such as 'sadhu samagama' (pilgrimages to the saints) exemplified this blending, promoting a holistic approach to spiritual development that respected various cultural and religious backgrounds.
Adopting practices akin to Puritan and Unitarian traditions, the sect emphasized critical self-examination and personal development through the use of spiritual diaries and public accounts of personal behavior. These practices encouraged followers to reflect deeply on their spiritual journey and ethical conduct
The sect reinterpreted traditional Indian ceremonies in a universal context. For example, the Christian Eucharist was adapted to include Hindu symbols like rice and water, baptism was performed by invoking Varuna, and Vedic rituals like the fire ceremony were given new, universal meanings. This approach highlighted the sect's commitment to a more inclusive and broad understanding of spirituality.
Emphasizing the importance of symbols in spiritual practice, the sect incorporated dance as a form of worship, recognizing its cultural significance across various traditions. This practice demonstrated the sect's appreciation of diverse cultural expressions in religious practice.
The Church of the New Dispensation's rituals were eclectic, drawing from various religious traditions to create a unique spiritual experience for its followers. This eclecticism was a hallmark of the sect's approach to worship, reflecting its broader doctrine of universalism and synthesis of religious practices.
The Church of the New Dispensation also adopted many Hindu practices, such as referring to God as "Mother" and reinstituting idolatry, a practice that had been abolished in Brahmoism.
The Brahmoist sect curated an eclectic collection of sacred writings, drawing from diverse religious traditions. This included texts from Hinduism, Christianity, and other global religious scriptures, reflecting the sect's commitment to a universal religious perspective. These texts were revered not just for their religious significance but also for their philosophical depth and ethical teachings. A key feature of the sect's approach to sacred texts was the emphasis on comparative religious study. This involved deep scholarly analysis and intuitive engagement with texts from various religions, fostering a broad understanding of spiritual and moral principles.
While mainstream Brahmoism focused on a form of monotheistic worship and rationalism, the Brahmoist sect under Keshab Chandra Sen diverged by integrating a broader range of religious and philosophical ideas. This included elements from Eastern and Western religious traditions, creating a more eclectic and inclusive approach to spirituality.
In terms of rituals and ceremonies, the sect deviated from mainstream Brahmoism’s simpler, iconoclastic practices. It incorporated more elaborate rituals, drawing from various religious customs, and even reintroduced the use of images and symbols, which mainstream Brahmoism had moved away from.
Theologically, the sect was more experimental, particularly under Keshab Chandra Sen’s leadership. It explored concepts like the Trinity and Christ’s divinity, which were not typical of mainstream Brahmoism. These explorations sometimes led to accusations of heresy from more traditional Brahmo circles.
Both mainstream Brahmoism and the sect shared a commitment to social reform, but the sect tended to combine these efforts with more radical religious innovations. This sometimes led to internal conflicts and divisions within the broader Brahmo community.
The Church of the New Dispensation, under Sen's leadership, significantly impacted Indian society through its progressive social reforms. Advocating for issues such as women's rights and education reform, the church aligned with the broader aspirations of the educated middle class in Bengal. This advocacy reflected the church's commitment to societal change, transcending traditional religious boundaries.
The church's reformist and progressive stance contributed significantly to the Bengal Renaissance, a period marked by social, cultural, and intellectual awakening. Through its teachings and practices, the church played a crucial role in shaping contemporary social values and contributing to this broader movement of rejuvenation during the 19th century.
The Church of the New Dispensation was known for its ecumenical approach, actively engaging with various religious traditions to foster interfaith understanding and dialogue. This inclusive attitude was a hallmark of Keshab Chandra Sen's leadership, reflecting the church's commitment to a universal religious perspective.
The church emphasized comparative religious studies, encouraging a deeper appreciation of different religious philosophies. This approach facilitated mutual respect and learning among different faith communities, contributing to a climate of interfaith dialogue. Sen appointed four people as "professors" to conduct an academic study of various religions: Gour Govind Roy for Hinduism, Protap Chunder Mozoomdar for Christianity, Girish Chunder Sen for Islam, and Aghorenath Gupta for Buddhism. In the pursuit of the academic study of religions other than their own, all the professors utilized a two-approach, a scholarly criticism with intuitive sympathy, which can be seen as a precursor to the phenomenological approach.
The church's unorthodox practices and beliefs sometimes led to tensions and criticisms from more traditional religious factions. Its syncretic and eclectic approach, while progressive, occasionally faced resistance from orthodox Hinduism and other religions.
The Church of the New Dispensation faced resistance from orthodox religious groups, particularly within Hinduism, due to its syncretic practices and departure from traditional religious norms. This opposition was a significant external challenge, impacting the church's ability to expand its influence.
The church's progressive stance on social issues, including women's rights and education, often drew criticism from more conservative elements in mainstream society. This external pressure sometimes hindered the church's efforts in social reform.
The Church of the New Dispensation faced significant internal challenges, particularly in terms of leadership disputes and doctrinal differences following Keshab Chandra Sen's death. Disagreements over religious practices and the direction of the church led to internal strife and weakened its cohesive structure. The struggle for succession after Sen's death further exacerbated internal conflicts. Different factions within the church vied for leadership, leading to fragmentation and weakening the church's influence.
The decline of the Church of the New Dispensation was marked by internal conflicts and leadership challenges. After Keshab Chandra Sen's death in 1884, the church faced difficulties in maintaining unity and coherent leadership. Keshab's charismatic leadership had been a unifying force, but his absence led to divisions within the church and skepticism from various quarters, including traditional Brahmos and others within the religious and intellectual community.
The actual number of Brahmos remained relatively small, primarily comprising middle-class professionals and their families. Despite the establishment of new branches post-1880, these were mostly aligned with the Sadharan faction, indicating a decline in support for Keshab's approach. The 1891 census reported only 3,051 Brahmos in South Asia, reflecting the limited numerical growth and influence of the church.
Despite the decline, the church's philosophy of eclecticism continued to influence the personalities, lives, and consciousnesses of representative 20th-century Indians, contributing to the shaping of the modern Indian mind. However, the church struggled to maintain its initial momentum and unity in the years following Keshab's death, eventually leading to its dissolution as a significant religious movement.
King Nripendra and his wife, Suniti Devi, constructed the largest Brahmo temple in South Asia, primarily funded with government money, and provided an annual grant of 5,000 rupees for maintenance. In 1888, the king declared that the Church of the New Dispensation was the official state religion, though it had no practical effect in spreading the faith outside the small community of Bengali elite. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Church of the New Dispensation was a religious movement founded in the 19th century by Keshab Chunder Sen, characterized by its syncretic blend of Hindu, Christian, and other religious traditions, and its focus on direct, personal spiritual experience and social reform within the framework of Indian Brahmoism.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Church of the New Dispensation, emerging in the early 19th century, represented a significant reform movement within Indian Brahmoism. Initially, it focused on the Advaita Vedanta philosophy, emphasizing the profound relationship between man and the divine. Influenced by both Puritan self-examination practices and faculty psychology, the movement reflected a deep emphasis on self-awareness and spiritual introspection.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Keshab Chandra Sen, a central figure in the 19th-century Bengali reform movement, played a critical role in the sect's formation, advocating for what he termed a 'living religion'. His call for religious and social reform emphasized the importance of God-realization through inward focus, resonating with the educated middle class, particularly the Bhadralok, who were closely aligned with British colonizers. The sect's appeal lay in its progressive ideology that resonated with the educated elite's aspirations for social and religious reform.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "A distinctive feature of the sect was its synthesis of various religious elements. Keshab Chandra Sen, driven by his ideology of salvation, sought a universal religion, combining culturally diverse religious practices from Hinduism, Christianity, Vaishnavism, Saktism, Buddhism, and Unitarianism. This eclectic approach, including the adoption of Vaishnava kirtan into Brahmo services, marked a profound shift from traditional Brahmoism towards a more inclusive and universalist stance. Under Keshab Chandra Sen's leadership, the sect established a distinct identity, focusing on individual realization of religious knowledge. Leadership roles within the sect were centered around delivering lectures and designing religious rites that catered to the spiritual needs of its predominantly middle-class followers.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The sect underwent significant shifts in focus and leadership under Sen's guidance. In 1878, a critical division occurred following the controversial marriage of Keshab's under-aged daughter to the prince of Cooch-Behar, a decision seen as violating both the Native Marriage Act and the Brahmo Samaj's principles. This event led to the formation of the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj and subsequently, Keshab reorganized his smaller group of supporters into the Church of the New Dispensation, which adopted a syncretistic and eclectic approach, incorporating Hindu and Christian features.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Church of the New Dispensation was characterized by its synthesis of Western and Indian traditions. It emphasized individual self-cultivation and balanced development of faculties, advocating for a direct, personal encounter with the divine while rejecting the reliance on external religious authorities.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Later, the sect incorporated concepts from other religious movements, such as avataric evolutionism based on the writings of H.P. Blavatsky in 1882. Keshab Chandra Sen's progressive integration of Christian theology, particularly his views on Christ and the Trinity, marked a controversial yet forward-thinking approach within the sect.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Sen's charismatic leadership was pivotal in the early expansion of the sect, but his controversial decisions led to internal strife and divisions. Sivanath Sastri, a prominent figure in the Sadharan Samaj, emerged as a significant critic, challenging the theological and ideological directions taken by Sen. Sastri's efforts were central to the Brahmo Samaj's impact, promoting ideals such as rational theism, social reform, humanism, and political liberalism.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Sen introduced the concept of a 'living religion'. This doctrine stressed the importance of God-realization through inward focus and called for religious and social reform, resonating with the values of the educated middle class. Sen's teachings encouraged followers to actively engage in self-improvement and societal betterment, aligning spiritual growth with social responsibility.",
"title": "Beliefs and practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Central to the sect's belief was the advocacy for a direct, personal encounter with the divine. This approach rejected the dependence on external religious authorities, emphasizing a more intimate and personal relationship with God. The sect promoted a duality of worshipper and worshipped, fostering a deeper understanding and connection with the divine.",
"title": "Beliefs and practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The sect's doctrines reflected a unique synthesis of Eastern and Western religious elements, notably under Keshab Chandra Sen's leadership. He envisioned a universal religion combining diverse practices from different cultural and religious backgrounds, aiming to transcend sectarian and national boundaries in the pursuit of a more holistic spirituality.",
"title": "Beliefs and practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In its rituals and ceremonies, the Brahmoist sect skillfully integrated elements from both Indian and Western religious traditions. Practices such as 'sadhu samagama' (pilgrimages to the saints) exemplified this blending, promoting a holistic approach to spiritual development that respected various cultural and religious backgrounds.",
"title": "Beliefs and practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Adopting practices akin to Puritan and Unitarian traditions, the sect emphasized critical self-examination and personal development through the use of spiritual diaries and public accounts of personal behavior. These practices encouraged followers to reflect deeply on their spiritual journey and ethical conduct",
"title": "Beliefs and practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "The sect reinterpreted traditional Indian ceremonies in a universal context. For example, the Christian Eucharist was adapted to include Hindu symbols like rice and water, baptism was performed by invoking Varuna, and Vedic rituals like the fire ceremony were given new, universal meanings. This approach highlighted the sect's commitment to a more inclusive and broad understanding of spirituality.",
"title": "Beliefs and practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Emphasizing the importance of symbols in spiritual practice, the sect incorporated dance as a form of worship, recognizing its cultural significance across various traditions. This practice demonstrated the sect's appreciation of diverse cultural expressions in religious practice.",
"title": "Beliefs and practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "The Church of the New Dispensation's rituals were eclectic, drawing from various religious traditions to create a unique spiritual experience for its followers. This eclecticism was a hallmark of the sect's approach to worship, reflecting its broader doctrine of universalism and synthesis of religious practices.",
"title": "Beliefs and practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "The Church of the New Dispensation also adopted many Hindu practices, such as referring to God as \"Mother\" and reinstituting idolatry, a practice that had been abolished in Brahmoism.",
"title": "Beliefs and practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "The Brahmoist sect curated an eclectic collection of sacred writings, drawing from diverse religious traditions. This included texts from Hinduism, Christianity, and other global religious scriptures, reflecting the sect's commitment to a universal religious perspective. These texts were revered not just for their religious significance but also for their philosophical depth and ethical teachings. A key feature of the sect's approach to sacred texts was the emphasis on comparative religious study. This involved deep scholarly analysis and intuitive engagement with texts from various religions, fostering a broad understanding of spiritual and moral principles.",
"title": "Beliefs and practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "While mainstream Brahmoism focused on a form of monotheistic worship and rationalism, the Brahmoist sect under Keshab Chandra Sen diverged by integrating a broader range of religious and philosophical ideas. This included elements from Eastern and Western religious traditions, creating a more eclectic and inclusive approach to spirituality.",
"title": "Beliefs and practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "In terms of rituals and ceremonies, the sect deviated from mainstream Brahmoism’s simpler, iconoclastic practices. It incorporated more elaborate rituals, drawing from various religious customs, and even reintroduced the use of images and symbols, which mainstream Brahmoism had moved away from.",
"title": "Beliefs and practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Theologically, the sect was more experimental, particularly under Keshab Chandra Sen’s leadership. It explored concepts like the Trinity and Christ’s divinity, which were not typical of mainstream Brahmoism. These explorations sometimes led to accusations of heresy from more traditional Brahmo circles.",
"title": "Beliefs and practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Both mainstream Brahmoism and the sect shared a commitment to social reform, but the sect tended to combine these efforts with more radical religious innovations. This sometimes led to internal conflicts and divisions within the broader Brahmo community.",
"title": "Beliefs and practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "The Church of the New Dispensation, under Sen's leadership, significantly impacted Indian society through its progressive social reforms. Advocating for issues such as women's rights and education reform, the church aligned with the broader aspirations of the educated middle class in Bengal. This advocacy reflected the church's commitment to societal change, transcending traditional religious boundaries.",
"title": "Influence on Indian society"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "The church's reformist and progressive stance contributed significantly to the Bengal Renaissance, a period marked by social, cultural, and intellectual awakening. Through its teachings and practices, the church played a crucial role in shaping contemporary social values and contributing to this broader movement of rejuvenation during the 19th century.",
"title": "Influence on Indian society"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "The Church of the New Dispensation was known for its ecumenical approach, actively engaging with various religious traditions to foster interfaith understanding and dialogue. This inclusive attitude was a hallmark of Keshab Chandra Sen's leadership, reflecting the church's commitment to a universal religious perspective.",
"title": "Ecumenical relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "The church emphasized comparative religious studies, encouraging a deeper appreciation of different religious philosophies. This approach facilitated mutual respect and learning among different faith communities, contributing to a climate of interfaith dialogue. Sen appointed four people as \"professors\" to conduct an academic study of various religions: Gour Govind Roy for Hinduism, Protap Chunder Mozoomdar for Christianity, Girish Chunder Sen for Islam, and Aghorenath Gupta for Buddhism. In the pursuit of the academic study of religions other than their own, all the professors utilized a two-approach, a scholarly criticism with intuitive sympathy, which can be seen as a precursor to the phenomenological approach.",
"title": "Ecumenical relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "The church's unorthodox practices and beliefs sometimes led to tensions and criticisms from more traditional religious factions. Its syncretic and eclectic approach, while progressive, occasionally faced resistance from orthodox Hinduism and other religions.",
"title": "Ecumenical relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "The Church of the New Dispensation faced resistance from orthodox religious groups, particularly within Hinduism, due to its syncretic practices and departure from traditional religious norms. This opposition was a significant external challenge, impacting the church's ability to expand its influence.",
"title": "Opposition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "The church's progressive stance on social issues, including women's rights and education, often drew criticism from more conservative elements in mainstream society. This external pressure sometimes hindered the church's efforts in social reform.",
"title": "Opposition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "The Church of the New Dispensation faced significant internal challenges, particularly in terms of leadership disputes and doctrinal differences following Keshab Chandra Sen's death. Disagreements over religious practices and the direction of the church led to internal strife and weakened its cohesive structure. The struggle for succession after Sen's death further exacerbated internal conflicts. Different factions within the church vied for leadership, leading to fragmentation and weakening the church's influence.",
"title": "Decline"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "The decline of the Church of the New Dispensation was marked by internal conflicts and leadership challenges. After Keshab Chandra Sen's death in 1884, the church faced difficulties in maintaining unity and coherent leadership. Keshab's charismatic leadership had been a unifying force, but his absence led to divisions within the church and skepticism from various quarters, including traditional Brahmos and others within the religious and intellectual community.",
"title": "Decline"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "The actual number of Brahmos remained relatively small, primarily comprising middle-class professionals and their families. Despite the establishment of new branches post-1880, these were mostly aligned with the Sadharan faction, indicating a decline in support for Keshab's approach. The 1891 census reported only 3,051 Brahmos in South Asia, reflecting the limited numerical growth and influence of the church.",
"title": "Decline"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "Despite the decline, the church's philosophy of eclecticism continued to influence the personalities, lives, and consciousnesses of representative 20th-century Indians, contributing to the shaping of the modern Indian mind. However, the church struggled to maintain its initial momentum and unity in the years following Keshab's death, eventually leading to its dissolution as a significant religious movement.",
"title": "Decline"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "King Nripendra and his wife, Suniti Devi, constructed the largest Brahmo temple in South Asia, primarily funded with government money, and provided an annual grant of 5,000 rupees for maintenance. In 1888, the king declared that the Church of the New Dispensation was the official state religion, though it had no practical effect in spreading the faith outside the small community of Bengali elite.",
"title": "Remnants and Revivals"
}
] | The Church of the New Dispensation was a religious movement founded in the 19th century by Keshab Chunder Sen, characterized by its syncretic blend of Hindu, Christian, and other religious traditions, and its focus on direct, personal spiritual experience and social reform within the framework of Indian Brahmoism. | 2023-12-16T17:05:28Z | 2023-12-31T11:59:39Z | [
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75,579,333 | List of Osage Nation chiefs | An Osage Nation chief is a leader of the Osage Nation. Historically, chiefs were hereditary and the tribe was made up of various sub-chiefs under a primary chief. Today, the Osage Nation has two chiefs: the Principal Chief of the Osage Nation and the assistant chief.
By the 1800s, the Osage Nation was divided into two major groups: the Little Osages and the Grand Osage. The Little Osages had one village and the Grand Osage had four (the Big Hills, the Heart Stays, the Thorny Thickets, and the Upland Forests). Each village was divided into Tzi-Sho (sky people) and Hunkah (land people) and each group had a chief, meaning at any one time the Osage would have about 10 chiefs. The hereditary chiefs of the Upland Forest served as the "titular chief" and was in charge of foreign relations.
When the last hereditary chief died in 1869, the Osage Nation was in need of a new government. The United States Osage Agent, Cyrus Beede, encouraged the Osage to form an elected form of government. In 1878, the Osage Nation held its first democratic election for a tribal leader. Joseph Pawnee-no-pashe was elected the first "governor" of the Osage Nation and won re-election in 1880.
Due to various issues, the tribe reconviended in 1881 and created the 1881 Osage Nation Constitution. The 1881 constitution created the office of Principal Chief and Assistant Chief and established biennial elections for the offices. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "An Osage Nation chief is a leader of the Osage Nation. Historically, chiefs were hereditary and the tribe was made up of various sub-chiefs under a primary chief. Today, the Osage Nation has two chiefs: the Principal Chief of the Osage Nation and the assistant chief.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "By the 1800s, the Osage Nation was divided into two major groups: the Little Osages and the Grand Osage. The Little Osages had one village and the Grand Osage had four (the Big Hills, the Heart Stays, the Thorny Thickets, and the Upland Forests). Each village was divided into Tzi-Sho (sky people) and Hunkah (land people) and each group had a chief, meaning at any one time the Osage would have about 10 chiefs. The hereditary chiefs of the Upland Forest served as the \"titular chief\" and was in charge of foreign relations.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "When the last hereditary chief died in 1869, the Osage Nation was in need of a new government. The United States Osage Agent, Cyrus Beede, encouraged the Osage to form an elected form of government. In 1878, the Osage Nation held its first democratic election for a tribal leader. Joseph Pawnee-no-pashe was elected the first \"governor\" of the Osage Nation and won re-election in 1880.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Due to various issues, the tribe reconviended in 1881 and created the 1881 Osage Nation Constitution. The 1881 constitution created the office of Principal Chief and Assistant Chief and established biennial elections for the offices.",
"title": "Background"
}
] | An Osage Nation chief is a leader of the Osage Nation. Historically, chiefs were hereditary and the tribe was made up of various sub-chiefs under a primary chief. Today, the Osage Nation has two chiefs: the Principal Chief of the Osage Nation and the assistant chief. | 2023-12-16T17:08:01Z | 2023-12-31T11:41:55Z | [
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75,579,340 | The Adamant Girl | The Adamant Girl (Tamil: Kottukkaali) is an upcoming Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by PS Vinothraj. The film is produced by Sivakarthikeyan and Kalai Arasu under the SK Productions banner. The film starring Soori and Anna Ben, revolves around Meena, who loves a man from a lower caste but her family thinks she is possessed and the spell is cast out of her.
The film was selected in the Forum section at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival to be held from 15 to 25 February 2024.
On 10 March 2023 Sivakarthikeyan unveiled the first look of the film revealing star cast of Soori, Anna Ben, and director PS Vinothraj. Filming wrapped in May 2023.
The Adamant Girl will have its world premiere in February 2024, as part of the 74th Berlin International Film Festival, in Forum. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Adamant Girl (Tamil: Kottukkaali) is an upcoming Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by PS Vinothraj. The film is produced by Sivakarthikeyan and Kalai Arasu under the SK Productions banner. The film starring Soori and Anna Ben, revolves around Meena, who loves a man from a lower caste but her family thinks she is possessed and the spell is cast out of her.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "The film was selected in the Forum section at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival to be held from 15 to 25 February 2024.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On 10 March 2023 Sivakarthikeyan unveiled the first look of the film revealing star cast of Soori, Anna Ben, and director PS Vinothraj. Filming wrapped in May 2023.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Adamant Girl will have its world premiere in February 2024, as part of the 74th Berlin International Film Festival, in Forum.",
"title": "Release"
}
] | The Adamant Girl is an upcoming Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by PS Vinothraj. The film is produced by Sivakarthikeyan and Kalai Arasu under the SK Productions banner. The film starring Soori and Anna Ben, revolves around Meena, who loves a man from a lower caste but her family thinks she is possessed and the spell is cast out of her. The film was selected in the Forum section at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival to be held from 15 to 25 February 2024. | 2023-12-16T17:09:52Z | 2023-12-31T15:08:13Z | [
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75,579,341 | Family of Iskander II of the Maldives | The Family of Iskander ll was a Maldivian Family. It is the family of Iskander ll of the Maldives and His Ancestors. The family is an origin Family of Dhiyamigili dynasty and Malé. The family was formed around 400 years ago by Muhammed Dhorhimeyna thakurufaan, who is the Great Great Grandfather of sultan Iskander ll of the Maldives. The family is also connected to Huraa dynasty, through Iskander ll's great-granddaughter Princess Aisha Rani Kilegefan, she is also known as kakaagey Kalhu Goma,.
Iskander ll's Family is also related to Sultan Hassan Nooraddeen II's family through Iskander ll's great-grandchild, Kakaagey Ali didi. He is married to Princess Zareena Nooradheen, who is the daughter of Hassan Nooraddeen II
From Iskander ll's Family, 4 Maldivian Monarch's ascended to the Maldivian throne. it is Mohamed Imaaduddin ll, Ibrahim Iskander ll, Mukarram Imaaduddin, Muhammed Ghiya'as ud-din and Muhammad Mu'iz ud-din.
Sultan Mudzhaffar Mohamed Imaduddine II was the sultan of the Maldives from 11 April 1705 to 11 October 1721. He Reigned From Dhiyamigili dynasty. He was the son of ibrahim dhoshimeyna Thakurufaan and Amina Dhiyo, who was the ancestor of Iskander ll.
Ibrahim Iskander ll was the sultan of the Maldives from 1721 to 1750, He ascended to the throne following his father Imaaduddin's Death in 1721. He also Reigned from the Dhiyamigili dynasty.
Muhammed Ghiya'as ud-din was the sultan of the Maldives from January 19, 1767, until he was deposed by Muhammad Shamsuddeen II on December 12, 1773.
Muhammad Mu'iz ud-din was the sultan of the Maldives from 1774 until his death on September 13, 1779.Muizuddine became a member of the Iskander ll, family after the Marriage to Iskander's grand daughter, Aminath Didi
The Iskander ll Family is connected to the Huraa dynasty by Sultan Iskander's grand daughter, Aminath Didi's Marriage to Huraa dynasty's king Muhammad Mu'iz ud-din. It is also connected to the Family of sultan Hassan Nooraddeen II, through the Marriage of sultan Iskander's Great-great-grandson, Kakaagey Ali Didi's Marriage to Princess Zareena Nooradheen. Kakaagey kalhu Goma (Princess Aisha Rani Kilegefan) is the Grand Daughter of Iskander ll. Sultan Iskander's Family is also connected to Meedhoo Through Prince Abdulla's Daughter, Princess Aisha Didi's Marriage to Meedhoo Edhurugey Mohamed Thakurufaan. Princess Aisha Didi Lived in Meedhoo Until Her death. She is buried is Kōgaṇṇu cemetery in Meedhoo. Prince Abdulla Married 8 People and had 16 children. Princess Abdulla is buried in Fuvahmulah. Prince Abdulla and his father Muhammed Ghiya'as ud-din was banished to Fuvahmulah. When Prince Abdulla Got banished He was 7 years old. After Prince Abdulla got Banished to Fuvahmulah, He used to live in Fuvahumulah and Married People From Fuvahumulah. Later he came to Meedhoo and married people of Meedhoo. Princess Aisha Didi's descendants are mostly in Meedhoo. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Family of Iskander ll was a Maldivian Family. It is the family of Iskander ll of the Maldives and His Ancestors. The family is an origin Family of Dhiyamigili dynasty and Malé. The family was formed around 400 years ago by Muhammed Dhorhimeyna thakurufaan, who is the Great Great Grandfather of sultan Iskander ll of the Maldives. The family is also connected to Huraa dynasty, through Iskander ll's great-granddaughter Princess Aisha Rani Kilegefan, she is also known as kakaagey Kalhu Goma,.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Iskander ll's Family is also related to Sultan Hassan Nooraddeen II's family through Iskander ll's great-grandchild, Kakaagey Ali didi. He is married to Princess Zareena Nooradheen, who is the daughter of Hassan Nooraddeen II",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "From Iskander ll's Family, 4 Maldivian Monarch's ascended to the Maldivian throne. it is Mohamed Imaaduddin ll, Ibrahim Iskander ll, Mukarram Imaaduddin, Muhammed Ghiya'as ud-din and Muhammad Mu'iz ud-din.",
"title": "Maldivian Monarch's who ascended to the throne from the Family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Sultan Mudzhaffar Mohamed Imaduddine II was the sultan of the Maldives from 11 April 1705 to 11 October 1721. He Reigned From Dhiyamigili dynasty. He was the son of ibrahim dhoshimeyna Thakurufaan and Amina Dhiyo, who was the ancestor of Iskander ll.",
"title": "Maldivian Monarch's who ascended to the throne from the Family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Ibrahim Iskander ll was the sultan of the Maldives from 1721 to 1750, He ascended to the throne following his father Imaaduddin's Death in 1721. He also Reigned from the Dhiyamigili dynasty.",
"title": "Maldivian Monarch's who ascended to the throne from the Family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Muhammed Ghiya'as ud-din was the sultan of the Maldives from January 19, 1767, until he was deposed by Muhammad Shamsuddeen II on December 12, 1773.",
"title": "Maldivian Monarch's who ascended to the throne from the Family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Muhammad Mu'iz ud-din was the sultan of the Maldives from 1774 until his death on September 13, 1779.Muizuddine became a member of the Iskander ll, family after the Marriage to Iskander's grand daughter, Aminath Didi",
"title": "Maldivian Monarch's who ascended to the throne from the Family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The Iskander ll Family is connected to the Huraa dynasty by Sultan Iskander's grand daughter, Aminath Didi's Marriage to Huraa dynasty's king Muhammad Mu'iz ud-din. It is also connected to the Family of sultan Hassan Nooraddeen II, through the Marriage of sultan Iskander's Great-great-grandson, Kakaagey Ali Didi's Marriage to Princess Zareena Nooradheen. Kakaagey kalhu Goma (Princess Aisha Rani Kilegefan) is the Grand Daughter of Iskander ll. Sultan Iskander's Family is also connected to Meedhoo Through Prince Abdulla's Daughter, Princess Aisha Didi's Marriage to Meedhoo Edhurugey Mohamed Thakurufaan. Princess Aisha Didi Lived in Meedhoo Until Her death. She is buried is Kōgaṇṇu cemetery in Meedhoo. Prince Abdulla Married 8 People and had 16 children. Princess Abdulla is buried in Fuvahmulah. Prince Abdulla and his father Muhammed Ghiya'as ud-din was banished to Fuvahmulah. When Prince Abdulla Got banished He was 7 years old. After Prince Abdulla got Banished to Fuvahmulah, He used to live in Fuvahumulah and Married People From Fuvahumulah. Later he came to Meedhoo and married people of Meedhoo. Princess Aisha Didi's descendants are mostly in Meedhoo.",
"title": "Family History"
}
] | The Family of Iskander ll was a Maldivian Family. It is the family of Iskander ll of the Maldives and His Ancestors. The family is an origin Family of Dhiyamigili dynasty and Malé. The family was formed around 400 years ago by Muhammed Dhorhimeyna thakurufaan, who is the Great Great Grandfather of sultan Iskander ll of the Maldives. The family is also connected to Huraa dynasty, through Iskander ll's great-granddaughter Princess Aisha Rani Kilegefan, she is also known as kakaagey Kalhu Goma,. Iskander ll's Family is also related to Sultan Hassan Nooraddeen II's family through Iskander ll's great-grandchild, Kakaagey Ali didi. He is married to Princess Zareena Nooradheen, who is the daughter of Hassan Nooraddeen II | 2023-12-16T17:10:00Z | 2023-12-20T15:13:01Z | [
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75,579,343 | Casimir Park | The Casimir Park (Polish: Park Kazimierzowski) in an urban park in Warsaw, Poland. It is located in the district of Downtown, between the University of Warsaw, Visitationist Church, Karowa Street, Stanisław Markiewicz Viaduct, Browarna Street, and Dynasy Street.
The Casimir Park (Polish: Park Kazimierzowski) is named after the nearby Casimir Palace (Polish: Pałac Kazimierzowski), which in turn was named after king John II Casimir Vasa (Polish: Jan II Kazimierz Waza), who resided there in the 17th century.
In the 17th century, king Władysław IV Vasa designed the area as the animal husbandry garden. Between 1636 and 1641, king John II Casimir Vasa build there his residance, the Casimir Palace, and developed the nearby lands as the recreational garden. It was one of the most prestigious garndens in Warsaw, and included various fountains, sculptures, altane, gazebos and grottos. It was severely destroyed in the 18th century, during the Swedish invasion on the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, known as the Deluge. It was rebuild between 1728 and 1731.
In 1765 the area became the property of the Corps of Cadets, and remained undeveloped until 18th century. During this time the area was used for cattle grazing. In 1809 it became the botanical garden of the nearby Medical Academy, which in 1816 became the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Warsaw.
The Casimir Park in its current form was established in the 1960s. In 1984, it was given the status of the cultural property.
On 9 November 2000, in the park was unveiled the Monument to the Underground Education Teachers by sculptor Antonina Wysocka-Jonczak. It is dedicated to the techers of the underground education during the German occupation of Poland, from 1939 to 1945, in the Second World War.
The Casimir Park is located between the University of Warsaw, Visitationist Church, Karowa Street, Stanisław Markiewicz Viaduct, Browarna Street, and Dynasy Street. The park is partially located at the base of the Warsaw Escarpment, with the Casimir Palace placed at its top. The park has the total area of 4 ha.
In the park is place the Monument to the Underground Education Teachers by sculptor Antonina Wysocka-Jonczak. It is dedicated to the techers of the underground education during the German occupation of Poland, from 1939 to 1945, in the Second World War.
There is also a pond, which is one of the last habitats of the European green toad in the city. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Casimir Park (Polish: Park Kazimierzowski) in an urban park in Warsaw, Poland. It is located in the district of Downtown, between the University of Warsaw, Visitationist Church, Karowa Street, Stanisław Markiewicz Viaduct, Browarna Street, and Dynasy Street.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Casimir Park (Polish: Park Kazimierzowski) is named after the nearby Casimir Palace (Polish: Pałac Kazimierzowski), which in turn was named after king John II Casimir Vasa (Polish: Jan II Kazimierz Waza), who resided there in the 17th century.",
"title": "Name"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In the 17th century, king Władysław IV Vasa designed the area as the animal husbandry garden. Between 1636 and 1641, king John II Casimir Vasa build there his residance, the Casimir Palace, and developed the nearby lands as the recreational garden. It was one of the most prestigious garndens in Warsaw, and included various fountains, sculptures, altane, gazebos and grottos. It was severely destroyed in the 18th century, during the Swedish invasion on the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, known as the Deluge. It was rebuild between 1728 and 1731.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1765 the area became the property of the Corps of Cadets, and remained undeveloped until 18th century. During this time the area was used for cattle grazing. In 1809 it became the botanical garden of the nearby Medical Academy, which in 1816 became the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Warsaw.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Casimir Park in its current form was established in the 1960s. In 1984, it was given the status of the cultural property.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On 9 November 2000, in the park was unveiled the Monument to the Underground Education Teachers by sculptor Antonina Wysocka-Jonczak. It is dedicated to the techers of the underground education during the German occupation of Poland, from 1939 to 1945, in the Second World War.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The Casimir Park is located between the University of Warsaw, Visitationist Church, Karowa Street, Stanisław Markiewicz Viaduct, Browarna Street, and Dynasy Street. The park is partially located at the base of the Warsaw Escarpment, with the Casimir Palace placed at its top. The park has the total area of 4 ha.",
"title": "Characteristics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In the park is place the Monument to the Underground Education Teachers by sculptor Antonina Wysocka-Jonczak. It is dedicated to the techers of the underground education during the German occupation of Poland, from 1939 to 1945, in the Second World War.",
"title": "Characteristics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "There is also a pond, which is one of the last habitats of the European green toad in the city.",
"title": "Characteristics"
}
] | The Casimir Park in an urban park in Warsaw, Poland. It is located in the district of Downtown, between the University of Warsaw, Visitationist Church, Karowa Street, Stanisław Markiewicz Viaduct, Browarna Street, and Dynasy Street. | 2023-12-16T17:10:23Z | 2023-12-27T16:52:11Z | [
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75,579,352 | Mariëtte Patijn | Mariëtte Patijn (born 29 December 1966) is a Dutch politician representing the Labour Party who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election. | [
{
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"text": "Mariëtte Patijn (born 29 December 1966) is a Dutch politician representing the Labour Party who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election.",
"title": ""
}
] | Mariëtte Patijn is a Dutch politician representing the Labour Party who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election. | 2023-12-16T17:12:17Z | 2023-12-23T10:28:26Z | [
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75,579,369 | Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 400 metres T20 | The men's T20 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 23 - 24 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
All times shown are in seconds.
The fastest two athletes of each semifinal advance to the final. The results were as follows:
The results were as follows: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The men's T20 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 23 - 24 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:",
"title": "Records"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "All times shown are in seconds.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The fastest two athletes of each semifinal advance to the final. The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
}
] | The men's T20 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 23 - 24 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile. | 2023-12-16T17:14:28Z | 2023-12-29T23:06:05Z | [
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75,579,389 | Patijn | Patijn is a Dutch surname belonging to a political family in the Netherlands. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Patijn is a Dutch surname belonging to a political family in the Netherlands.",
"title": ""
}
] | Patijn is a Dutch surname belonging to a political family in the Netherlands. | 2023-12-16T17:17:22Z | 2023-12-16T17:17:22Z | [
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75,579,409 | Liz Fenje | Liz Fenje (born September 25, 1991 Vancouver) is a Canadian rower. She won a gold medal in Lightweight double sculls, at the 2015 Pan American Games.
She graduated from St. Michaels University School , Stanford University. and University of Oxford. In 2014 she rowed for Oxford Blue Boat, winning the Oxford-Cambridge boat race.
She competed at the 2012 World Rowing Senior and Junior Championships. She finished fifth in 2015 Pan American Games – Women's lightweight single sculls. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Liz Fenje (born September 25, 1991 Vancouver) is a Canadian rower. She won a gold medal in Lightweight double sculls, at the 2015 Pan American Games.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "She graduated from St. Michaels University School , Stanford University. and University of Oxford. In 2014 she rowed for Oxford Blue Boat, winning the Oxford-Cambridge boat race.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She competed at the 2012 World Rowing Senior and Junior Championships. She finished fifth in 2015 Pan American Games – Women's lightweight single sculls.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Liz Fenje is a Canadian rower. She won a gold medal in Lightweight double sculls, at the 2015 Pan American Games. She graduated from St. Michaels University School, Stanford University. and University of Oxford. In 2014 she rowed for Oxford Blue Boat, winning the Oxford-Cambridge boat race. She competed at the 2012 World Rowing Senior and Junior Championships. She finished fifth in 2015 Pan American Games – Women's lightweight single sculls. | 2023-12-16T17:21:04Z | 2023-12-30T23:07:20Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Fenje |
75,579,413 | Anita Pijpelink | Anita Pijpelink (born 7 October 1974) is a Dutch politician representing the Labour Party who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election. She was formerly a member of the Provincial Council of Zeeland. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Anita Pijpelink (born 7 October 1974) is a Dutch politician representing the Labour Party who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election. She was formerly a member of the Provincial Council of Zeeland.",
"title": ""
}
] | Anita Pijpelink is a Dutch politician representing the Labour Party who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election. She was formerly a member of the Provincial Council of Zeeland. | 2023-12-16T17:21:34Z | 2023-12-23T17:12:31Z | [
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75,579,434 | Salomón Bustamante Sanmiguel | Salomón Bustamante Sanmiguel (born 1981) is a Colombian TV host.
Bustamante was born in Cartagena. He started his TV career in 2002 working for RCN Televisión, in shows like Estilo RCN.
In 2018 Bustamante participated in the reality show Reto 4 elementos. Later, Bustamante would move to work for rival network Caracol Televisión to host the TV morning show Muy Buenos Días.
Other than his TV appeareances, Bustamante is a celebrity in Colombia for his Instagram account,, and for being the husband of Laura de León. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Salomón Bustamante Sanmiguel (born 1981) is a Colombian TV host.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Bustamante was born in Cartagena. He started his TV career in 2002 working for RCN Televisión, in shows like Estilo RCN.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2018 Bustamante participated in the reality show Reto 4 elementos. Later, Bustamante would move to work for rival network Caracol Televisión to host the TV morning show Muy Buenos Días.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Other than his TV appeareances, Bustamante is a celebrity in Colombia for his Instagram account,, and for being the husband of Laura de León.",
"title": ""
}
] | Salomón Bustamante Sanmiguel is a Colombian TV host. Bustamante was born in Cartagena. He started his TV career in 2002 working for RCN Televisión, in shows like Estilo RCN. In 2018 Bustamante participated in the reality show Reto 4 elementos. Later, Bustamante would move to work for rival network Caracol Televisión to host the TV morning show Muy Buenos Días. Other than his TV appeareances, Bustamante is a celebrity in Colombia for his Instagram account,, and for being the husband of Laura de León. | 2023-12-16T17:25:40Z | 2023-12-29T04:25:50Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salom%C3%B3n_Bustamante_Sanmiguel |
75,579,436 | Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 400 metres T36 | The men's T36 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 22 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
All times shown are in seconds.
The results were as follows: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The men's T36 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 22 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:",
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"text": "All times shown are in seconds.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
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"text": "The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
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] | The men's T36 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 22 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile. | 2023-12-16T17:26:01Z | 2023-12-29T23:07:21Z | [
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75,579,450 | Elke Slagt-Tichelman | Elke Slagt-Tichelman (born 18 February 1977) is a Dutch politician representing GroenLinks who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election. | [
{
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"text": "Elke Slagt-Tichelman (born 18 February 1977) is a Dutch politician representing GroenLinks who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election.",
"title": ""
}
] | Elke Slagt-Tichelman is a Dutch politician representing GroenLinks who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 Dutch general election. | 2023-12-16T17:27:54Z | 2023-12-23T17:05:46Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elke_Slagt-Tichelman |
75,579,469 | 2024 PWHL Minnesota season | The 2024 PWHL Minnesota season is the team's inaugural season as a member of the newly created Professional Women's Hockey League. They play their home games at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
On September 1, 2023, PWHL Minnesota hired Natalie Darwitz as their inaugural general manager. Minnesota then hired Charlie Burggraf as the team's first head coach on September 15. Jake Bobrowski and Mira Jalosuo were hired as assistant coaches on October 6. On September 25, The Hockey News reported that Minnesota would play their home games at Xcel Energy Center.
On September 6, Minnesota announced the signings of their first three players, American national team members Lee Stecklein, Kendall Coyne Schofield, and Kelly Pannek.
On December 27, 2023, the team announced that Burggraf was stepping down as the team's head coach, and would be replaced by Ken Klee.
Notes
The regular season schedule was published on November 30, 2023.
Bold/italics denotes franchise record. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 PWHL Minnesota season is the team's inaugural season as a member of the newly created Professional Women's Hockey League. They play their home games at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On September 1, 2023, PWHL Minnesota hired Natalie Darwitz as their inaugural general manager. Minnesota then hired Charlie Burggraf as the team's first head coach on September 15. Jake Bobrowski and Mira Jalosuo were hired as assistant coaches on October 6. On September 25, The Hockey News reported that Minnesota would play their home games at Xcel Energy Center.",
"title": "Offseason"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On September 6, Minnesota announced the signings of their first three players, American national team members Lee Stecklein, Kendall Coyne Schofield, and Kelly Pannek.",
"title": "Offseason"
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{
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"text": "On December 27, 2023, the team announced that Burggraf was stepping down as the team's head coach, and would be replaced by Ken Klee.",
"title": "Offseason"
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{
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"text": "Notes",
"title": "Schedule and results"
},
{
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"text": "The regular season schedule was published on November 30, 2023.",
"title": "Schedule and results"
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"title": "Schedule and results"
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"title": "Player statistics"
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"title": "Player statistics"
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] | The 2024 PWHL Minnesota season is the team's inaugural season as a member of the newly created Professional Women's Hockey League. They play their home games at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota. | 2023-12-16T17:30:10Z | 2023-12-29T15:30:26Z | [
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75,579,476 | Chennakeshava Temple | Chennakeshava Temple may refer to: | [
{
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}
] | Chennakeshava Temple may refer to: Chennakeshava Temple, Aralaguppe
Chennakeshava Temple, Belur
Chennakeshava Temple, Hullekere
Chennakeshava Temple, Somanathapura
Chennakeshava Temple, Turuvekere | 2023-12-16T17:30:41Z | 2023-12-16T19:42:19Z | [
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75,579,478 | HMS Experiment (1784) | HMS Experiment was a 44-gun fifth-rate Roebuck-class ship of the Royal Navy launched in 1784. The ship spent her entire career serving as a troop ship, store ship, or lazarette. Initially stationed in the West Indies, Experiment participated in the Battle of Martinique and Invasion of Guadeloupe in 1794. While travelling to Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1797, the ship captured several high-value Spanish merchant ships, and subsequently returned to Britain. In 1801 she travelled to the Mediterranean Sea where she participated in the Egypt Campaign, with her boats serving as landing craft at the Battle of Abukir.
From 1803 onwards Experiment only served within British waters, initially as a guard ship at Lymington, and then as a harbour store ship at Falmouth. In 1815 the ship was converted into a lazarette, being stationed at Liverpool from 1817 until 1834. The ship was sold two years later.
Experiment was a 44-gun, 18-pounder Roebuck-class ship. The class was a revival of the design used to construct the fifth-rate HMS Roebuck in 1769, by Sir Thomas Slade. The ships, while classified as fifth-rates, were not frigates because they carried two gun decks, of which a frigate would have only one. Roebuck was designed as such to provide the extra firepower a ship of two decks could bring to warfare but with a much lower draught and smaller profile. From 1751 to 1776 only two ships of this type were built for the Royal Navy because it was felt that they were anachronistic, with the lower (and more heavily armed) deck of guns being so low as to be unusable in anything but the calmest of waters. In the 1750s the cruising role of the 44-gun two deck ship was taken over by new 32- and 36-gun frigates, leaving the type almost completely obsolete.
When the American Revolutionary War began in 1775 a need was found for heavily armed ships that could fight in the shallow coastal waters of North America, where two-decked third-rates could not safely sail, and so the Roebuck class of nineteen ships, alongside the similar Adventure class, was ordered to the specifications of the original ships to fill this need. The frigate classes that had overtaken the 44-gun ship as the preferred design for cruisers were at this point still mostly armed with 9- and 12-pounder guns, and it was expected that the class's heavier 18-pounders would provide them with an advantage over these vessels. Frigates with larger armaments would go on to be built by the Royal Navy later on in the American Revolutionary War, but these ships were highly expensive and so Experiment and her brethren continued to be built as a cheaper alternative.
Ships of the class built after 1782 received an updated armament, replacing small upper deck 9-pounder guns with more modern 12-pounders. All ships laid down after the first four of the class, including Experiment, had the double level of stern windows Roebuck had been designed with removed and replaced with a single level of windows, moving the style of the ships closer to that of a true frigate.
All but one ship of the class were contracted out to civilian dockyards for construction, and the contract for Experiment was given to Robert Fabian at East Cowes. The ship was ordered on 13 July 1780, laid down in June 1781 and launched on 27 November 1784 with the following dimensions: 140 feet 0+1⁄2 inch (42.7 m) along the gun deck, 115 feet 8 inches (35.3 m) at the keel, with a beam of 38 feet 0+1⁄2 inch (11.6 m) and a depth in the hold of 16 feet 4 inches (5 m). Her draught, which made the class so valued in the American Revolutionary War, was 9 feet 5 inches (2.9 m) forward and 13 feet 9 inches (4.2 m) aft. She measured 890 35⁄94 tons burthen. The fitting out process for Experiment was completed on 11 January 1785 at Portsmouth Dockyard.
Experiment, being one of the later ships of the class, received an armament of twenty 18-pounder long guns on her lower deck, with twenty-two 12-pounders on the upper deck. These were complemented by two 6-pounders on the forecastle; the quarterdeck was unarmed. The ship was to have a crew of 300 men.
Work on Experiment continued slowly after her completion; she received her copper sheathing in September 1790. The ship was eventually put into commission seven years after her completion. With the wartime necessity of using the obsolete ships as frontline warships now at an end, most ships of Experiment's type were taken out of service. While lacking modern fighting capabilities, the design still provided a fast ship, and so the Comptroller of the Navy, Sir Charles Middleton, pressed them into service as troop ships. She was commissioned as an en flute troop ship under the command of Commander Simon Miller in January 1793. As a troop ship, vessels of the Roebuck class had their crew decreased to 155.
Experiment was then fitted as a troop ship at Portsmouth, completed on 12 February. The ship sailed for the Leeward Islands Station on 26 February as part of a convoy. She carried on board 300 members of the Royal Artillery, stopping first at Gibraltar before arriving in the West Indies on 26 November. There she served as an armed store ship. In the following year Experiment participated in operations to capture Martinique and Guadeloupe. She continued to transport troops as well, taking soldiers from Guadeloupe to Jamaica on 28 May.
The Guadeloupe expedition was unsuccessful after several months of fighting. As part of the withdrawal, on 19 June Experiment and a transport ship took the greatly depleted British garrison of St Lucia away from the embattled island. The historian William Laird Clowes picks out Lieutenant John Barrett, the commander of Experiment at the time, as one of the naval officers who distinguished themselves during this period. The naval historian Rif Winfield, however, only records Barrett as joining the ship in August the following year. Winfield says that Experiment's next commanding officer was Commander Lancelot Skynner in January 1795, only then followed by Barrett.
On 11 March 1797 Experiment escorted ten vessels carrying 2,348 deported Caribbeans from St Vincent to the Spanish island of Roatan. Arriving thirty-one days later, the Spaniards resisted having the deportees deposited on the island, and in the ensuing attack on the Spanish garrison one of the ships protected by Experiment was captured and sunk by the Spaniards. Having finished at Roatan, Experiment sailed for Halifax, Nova Scotia. While en route she came across a Spanish fleet of merchant ships sailing from Cartagena, capturing eight of nine. Barrett unloaded three of these into the other vessels, and took the remaining five on to Halifax. Barrett's share of the prize money for these was estimated to be £800,000. Having reached Halifax by 8 July, Experiment's masts were all condemned and the ship underwent considerable repairs.
The ship returned to Britain as escort to a convoy in November, where at Deptford Dockyard she was again refitted as a troop ship. At this time she was also re-armed, receiving instead sixteen 9-pounders on the upper deck and four 6-pounders on the quarterdeck. This work was completed in May 1798, prior to which the ship was recommissioned under the command of Commander John Saville in February. Experiment was one of three troop ships that conveyed the Royal Lancashire Militia from Plymouth to Ireland on 6 September. After the British victory at the Battle of Tory Island, Experiment was then employed in taking 2,000 French prisoners of war from Plymouth to Portsmouth on 31 October. On 21 July the following year the ship was part of a squadron that arrived at Elsinore in preparation to sail to Reval to take on board Russian troops for the Anglo-Russian Invasion of Holland.
Experiment sailed to the Mediterranean Sea in February 1801, where she participated in operations of the Egypt Campaign as part of Admiral Lord Keith's fleet. Experiment carried part of the expeditionary army, but was not one of the ships involved in the initial landings at the Battle of Abukir on 8 March. Several of Experiment's small boats were however used as landing craft for the operation, embarking soldiers from another troop ship. Saville served on land with the army during these operations. Continuing in the Mediterranean, Commander George Mackenzie took over from Saville in January 1802, and in November 1803 sailed Experiment back to Britain.
From December she then served, still en flute, as the guard ship at Lymington. She continued in that role until January 1805. In May Lieutenant Robert Yule assumed command of Experiment, which was then refitted as a harbour store ship between July and October for service at Falmouth. Yule did not staying long with the ship, being replaced by Lieutenant William Stewart in August, before the end of the work.
While serving at Falmouth Experiment underwent several more changes in command, with Lieutenant Bennett Fellowes arriving in November, before being replaced by Lieutenant James Fegen in April the following year. Fegen was the longest serving commander of Experiment, staying with the ship until 1810 when Commander James Slade came on board. Slade commanded Experiment until 1814, when her term at Falmouth ended and she was put in ordinary at Portsmouth. In July the following year the ship underwent another change, being converted into a lazarette. In this new role she was stationed at Liverpool from 1817 until 1834. Finally out of service, Experiment was sold for £1,420 on 8 September 1836. | [
{
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"text": "HMS Experiment was a 44-gun fifth-rate Roebuck-class ship of the Royal Navy launched in 1784. The ship spent her entire career serving as a troop ship, store ship, or lazarette. Initially stationed in the West Indies, Experiment participated in the Battle of Martinique and Invasion of Guadeloupe in 1794. While travelling to Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1797, the ship captured several high-value Spanish merchant ships, and subsequently returned to Britain. In 1801 she travelled to the Mediterranean Sea where she participated in the Egypt Campaign, with her boats serving as landing craft at the Battle of Abukir.",
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},
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"text": "From 1803 onwards Experiment only served within British waters, initially as a guard ship at Lymington, and then as a harbour store ship at Falmouth. In 1815 the ship was converted into a lazarette, being stationed at Liverpool from 1817 until 1834. The ship was sold two years later.",
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{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Experiment was a 44-gun, 18-pounder Roebuck-class ship. The class was a revival of the design used to construct the fifth-rate HMS Roebuck in 1769, by Sir Thomas Slade. The ships, while classified as fifth-rates, were not frigates because they carried two gun decks, of which a frigate would have only one. Roebuck was designed as such to provide the extra firepower a ship of two decks could bring to warfare but with a much lower draught and smaller profile. From 1751 to 1776 only two ships of this type were built for the Royal Navy because it was felt that they were anachronistic, with the lower (and more heavily armed) deck of guns being so low as to be unusable in anything but the calmest of waters. In the 1750s the cruising role of the 44-gun two deck ship was taken over by new 32- and 36-gun frigates, leaving the type almost completely obsolete.",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "When the American Revolutionary War began in 1775 a need was found for heavily armed ships that could fight in the shallow coastal waters of North America, where two-decked third-rates could not safely sail, and so the Roebuck class of nineteen ships, alongside the similar Adventure class, was ordered to the specifications of the original ships to fill this need. The frigate classes that had overtaken the 44-gun ship as the preferred design for cruisers were at this point still mostly armed with 9- and 12-pounder guns, and it was expected that the class's heavier 18-pounders would provide them with an advantage over these vessels. Frigates with larger armaments would go on to be built by the Royal Navy later on in the American Revolutionary War, but these ships were highly expensive and so Experiment and her brethren continued to be built as a cheaper alternative.",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Ships of the class built after 1782 received an updated armament, replacing small upper deck 9-pounder guns with more modern 12-pounders. All ships laid down after the first four of the class, including Experiment, had the double level of stern windows Roebuck had been designed with removed and replaced with a single level of windows, moving the style of the ships closer to that of a true frigate.",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "All but one ship of the class were contracted out to civilian dockyards for construction, and the contract for Experiment was given to Robert Fabian at East Cowes. The ship was ordered on 13 July 1780, laid down in June 1781 and launched on 27 November 1784 with the following dimensions: 140 feet 0+1⁄2 inch (42.7 m) along the gun deck, 115 feet 8 inches (35.3 m) at the keel, with a beam of 38 feet 0+1⁄2 inch (11.6 m) and a depth in the hold of 16 feet 4 inches (5 m). Her draught, which made the class so valued in the American Revolutionary War, was 9 feet 5 inches (2.9 m) forward and 13 feet 9 inches (4.2 m) aft. She measured 890 35⁄94 tons burthen. The fitting out process for Experiment was completed on 11 January 1785 at Portsmouth Dockyard.",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Experiment, being one of the later ships of the class, received an armament of twenty 18-pounder long guns on her lower deck, with twenty-two 12-pounders on the upper deck. These were complemented by two 6-pounders on the forecastle; the quarterdeck was unarmed. The ship was to have a crew of 300 men.",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Work on Experiment continued slowly after her completion; she received her copper sheathing in September 1790. The ship was eventually put into commission seven years after her completion. With the wartime necessity of using the obsolete ships as frontline warships now at an end, most ships of Experiment's type were taken out of service. While lacking modern fighting capabilities, the design still provided a fast ship, and so the Comptroller of the Navy, Sir Charles Middleton, pressed them into service as troop ships. She was commissioned as an en flute troop ship under the command of Commander Simon Miller in January 1793. As a troop ship, vessels of the Roebuck class had their crew decreased to 155.",
"title": "Service"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Experiment was then fitted as a troop ship at Portsmouth, completed on 12 February. The ship sailed for the Leeward Islands Station on 26 February as part of a convoy. She carried on board 300 members of the Royal Artillery, stopping first at Gibraltar before arriving in the West Indies on 26 November. There she served as an armed store ship. In the following year Experiment participated in operations to capture Martinique and Guadeloupe. She continued to transport troops as well, taking soldiers from Guadeloupe to Jamaica on 28 May.",
"title": "Service"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The Guadeloupe expedition was unsuccessful after several months of fighting. As part of the withdrawal, on 19 June Experiment and a transport ship took the greatly depleted British garrison of St Lucia away from the embattled island. The historian William Laird Clowes picks out Lieutenant John Barrett, the commander of Experiment at the time, as one of the naval officers who distinguished themselves during this period. The naval historian Rif Winfield, however, only records Barrett as joining the ship in August the following year. Winfield says that Experiment's next commanding officer was Commander Lancelot Skynner in January 1795, only then followed by Barrett.",
"title": "Service"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "On 11 March 1797 Experiment escorted ten vessels carrying 2,348 deported Caribbeans from St Vincent to the Spanish island of Roatan. Arriving thirty-one days later, the Spaniards resisted having the deportees deposited on the island, and in the ensuing attack on the Spanish garrison one of the ships protected by Experiment was captured and sunk by the Spaniards. Having finished at Roatan, Experiment sailed for Halifax, Nova Scotia. While en route she came across a Spanish fleet of merchant ships sailing from Cartagena, capturing eight of nine. Barrett unloaded three of these into the other vessels, and took the remaining five on to Halifax. Barrett's share of the prize money for these was estimated to be £800,000. Having reached Halifax by 8 July, Experiment's masts were all condemned and the ship underwent considerable repairs.",
"title": "Service"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The ship returned to Britain as escort to a convoy in November, where at Deptford Dockyard she was again refitted as a troop ship. At this time she was also re-armed, receiving instead sixteen 9-pounders on the upper deck and four 6-pounders on the quarterdeck. This work was completed in May 1798, prior to which the ship was recommissioned under the command of Commander John Saville in February. Experiment was one of three troop ships that conveyed the Royal Lancashire Militia from Plymouth to Ireland on 6 September. After the British victory at the Battle of Tory Island, Experiment was then employed in taking 2,000 French prisoners of war from Plymouth to Portsmouth on 31 October. On 21 July the following year the ship was part of a squadron that arrived at Elsinore in preparation to sail to Reval to take on board Russian troops for the Anglo-Russian Invasion of Holland.",
"title": "Service"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Experiment sailed to the Mediterranean Sea in February 1801, where she participated in operations of the Egypt Campaign as part of Admiral Lord Keith's fleet. Experiment carried part of the expeditionary army, but was not one of the ships involved in the initial landings at the Battle of Abukir on 8 March. Several of Experiment's small boats were however used as landing craft for the operation, embarking soldiers from another troop ship. Saville served on land with the army during these operations. Continuing in the Mediterranean, Commander George Mackenzie took over from Saville in January 1802, and in November 1803 sailed Experiment back to Britain.",
"title": "Service"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "From December she then served, still en flute, as the guard ship at Lymington. She continued in that role until January 1805. In May Lieutenant Robert Yule assumed command of Experiment, which was then refitted as a harbour store ship between July and October for service at Falmouth. Yule did not staying long with the ship, being replaced by Lieutenant William Stewart in August, before the end of the work.",
"title": "Service"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "While serving at Falmouth Experiment underwent several more changes in command, with Lieutenant Bennett Fellowes arriving in November, before being replaced by Lieutenant James Fegen in April the following year. Fegen was the longest serving commander of Experiment, staying with the ship until 1810 when Commander James Slade came on board. Slade commanded Experiment until 1814, when her term at Falmouth ended and she was put in ordinary at Portsmouth. In July the following year the ship underwent another change, being converted into a lazarette. In this new role she was stationed at Liverpool from 1817 until 1834. Finally out of service, Experiment was sold for £1,420 on 8 September 1836.",
"title": "Service"
}
] | HMS Experiment was a 44-gun fifth-rate Roebuck-class ship of the Royal Navy launched in 1784. The ship spent her entire career serving as a troop ship, store ship, or lazarette. Initially stationed in the West Indies, Experiment participated in the Battle of Martinique and Invasion of Guadeloupe in 1794. While travelling to Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1797, the ship captured several high-value Spanish merchant ships, and subsequently returned to Britain. In 1801 she travelled to the Mediterranean Sea where she participated in the Egypt Campaign, with her boats serving as landing craft at the Battle of Abukir. From 1803 onwards Experiment only served within British waters, initially as a guard ship at Lymington, and then as a harbour store ship at Falmouth. In 1815 the ship was converted into a lazarette, being stationed at Liverpool from 1817 until 1834. The ship was sold two years later. | 2023-12-16T17:31:01Z | 2023-12-24T22:03:25Z | [
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75,579,487 | Marre | Marre may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Marre may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | Marre may refer to: Marre, Meuse, a commune in France
La Marre, a commune in France
Marre (surname), includes a list of people with the surname | 2023-12-16T17:32:23Z | 2023-12-16T17:42:50Z | [
"Template:Disambig"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marre |
75,579,525 | Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 400 metres T37 | The men's T37 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 22 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
All times shown are in seconds.
The results were as follows: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The men's T37 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 22 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:",
"title": "Records"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "All times shown are in seconds.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
}
] | The men's T37 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 22 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile. | 2023-12-16T17:39:00Z | 2023-12-29T23:07:54Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2023_Parapan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_400_metres_T37 |
75,579,538 | Flu Game (Lil Mosey song) | "Flu Game" is a song recorded by American rapper Lil Mosey, released as a single on March 17, 2023. The song was produced by Royce David, who has also produced most of his other songs. This is also his first song of 2023.
The song serves as Lil Mosey's first single of 2023 and Mosey said that he named the song "Flu Game" because of American former basketball player Micheal Jordan when in 1997, Jordan had an iconic performance in Game 5 of the 1997 NBA Finals, but he suffered Flu-like symptoms while playing. In the song, it starts out with the first verse, where Mosey mentions one of his close friends taking drugs like percocet, which made his friend tired. Also in the first verse, Mosey references his financial success with phrases like "Helicopter Money", and being called "flyer" while indicating that he is focusing on his career and aspirations. In the chorus, Mosey reinforces his desire to succeed by comparing himself to Micheal Jordan, a famous basketball player known for his legendary skills and tenacity who also wants to achieve greatness for others when they need support, loyalty and dependability. In the second verse, Mosey acknowledges the presence of people who enjoy seeing others fail, but he remains resilient vowing not to go back to previous struggles and he also tries maintaining his strength in the face of adversity. The line "I just wanna make sure you feel me" suggests that he wants his audience to connect to his experiences while finding inspiration in his journey.
The official music video was uploaded to Lil Mosey's Vevo channel on YouTube on March 17, 2023, the same day as the song itself. The music video was directed by Yungtada. In the music video, it sees Mosey riding in a car and short video clips of him in what looks like a basketball court that is very dim lit, later in the music video we see Mosey in a small room with multiple rewards on the room's walls.
Billboard said that the song was an excellent return of music from Mosey. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "\"Flu Game\" is a song recorded by American rapper Lil Mosey, released as a single on March 17, 2023. The song was produced by Royce David, who has also produced most of his other songs. This is also his first song of 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The song serves as Lil Mosey's first single of 2023 and Mosey said that he named the song \"Flu Game\" because of American former basketball player Micheal Jordan when in 1997, Jordan had an iconic performance in Game 5 of the 1997 NBA Finals, but he suffered Flu-like symptoms while playing. In the song, it starts out with the first verse, where Mosey mentions one of his close friends taking drugs like percocet, which made his friend tired. Also in the first verse, Mosey references his financial success with phrases like \"Helicopter Money\", and being called \"flyer\" while indicating that he is focusing on his career and aspirations. In the chorus, Mosey reinforces his desire to succeed by comparing himself to Micheal Jordan, a famous basketball player known for his legendary skills and tenacity who also wants to achieve greatness for others when they need support, loyalty and dependability. In the second verse, Mosey acknowledges the presence of people who enjoy seeing others fail, but he remains resilient vowing not to go back to previous struggles and he also tries maintaining his strength in the face of adversity. The line \"I just wanna make sure you feel me\" suggests that he wants his audience to connect to his experiences while finding inspiration in his journey.",
"title": "Composition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The official music video was uploaded to Lil Mosey's Vevo channel on YouTube on March 17, 2023, the same day as the song itself. The music video was directed by Yungtada. In the music video, it sees Mosey riding in a car and short video clips of him in what looks like a basketball court that is very dim lit, later in the music video we see Mosey in a small room with multiple rewards on the room's walls.",
"title": "Music video"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Billboard said that the song was an excellent return of music from Mosey.",
"title": "Critical reception"
}
] | "Flu Game" is a song recorded by American rapper Lil Mosey, released as a single on March 17, 2023. The song was produced by Royce David, who has also produced most of his other songs. This is also his first song of 2023. | 2023-12-16T17:40:29Z | 2023-12-31T05:47:56Z | [
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"Template:Cite magazine",
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"Template:Lil Mosey"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flu_Game_(Lil_Mosey_song) |
75,579,544 | P. C. Roy | P. C. Roy may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "P. C. Roy may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | P. C. Roy may refer to: Pratap Chandra Roy (1842–1895), Indian bookseller who published the first English translation of the Mahabharata, by Kisari Mohan Ganguli
Prafulla Chandra Ray (1861–1944), Indian chemist and historian, whose name was sometimes also spelled as Roy | 2023-12-16T17:41:42Z | 2023-12-16T17:47:25Z | [
"Template:Disambiguation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._C._Roy |
75,579,552 | Misrata Military Council | The Misrata Military Council, also commonly referred to as the Misrata Brigades, are armed units linked to the city of Misrata and its surrounding area. These brigades are allied to, but separate from, the Libyan Army, which is a part of the Government of National Unity (Libya). The Misrata Brigades played a major part in the Libyan Revolution, as well as the Second Libyan Civil War.
The roots of the Misrata Brigades can be traced back to the early days of the Libyan revolution in February 2011 when protests erupted across the country. As the demonstrations escalated into a full-fledged armed conflict, Misrata became a focal point for anti-Gaddafi forces. The city endured a prolonged and intense siege by government forces, which resulted in heavy civilian casualties and infrastructure damage. The Misrata Brigades were formed as a response to the siege, composed of local volunteers and defected soldiers who took up arms to defend their city against Gaddafi's forces.
The Misrata Brigades played a key role during the Battle of Misrata. Initially triggered by anti-government protests, the opposition, numbering a few dozen, faced violent crackdowns from government forces, leading to escalating armed conflicts. By 23 February, the rebels had driven government forces out of Misrata, and heavy fighting ensued, including the rebels' successful attack on an airbase and clashes at the military air academy. The situation escalated further in March, with artillery and tank attacks causing casualties on both sides. The city faced breaches and continued fighting until 22 March when loyalist forces gained control over large parts of the city. Subsequently, coalition airstrikes began on 23 March, targeting pro-Gaddafi forces. The conflict continued with loyalist forces besieging Misrata, and rebels resisting through April, culminating in the rebels' gradual gains and loyalist withdrawal by late April. The rebels faced sustained bombardment, partial port blockades, and confrontations at the airport. By mid-May, the rebels claimed control of Misrata, with clashes persisting in surrounding areas and conflicting reports on territorial gains.
The Battle of Tripoli unfolded as a decisive moment during the 2011 Libyan Civil War, with the Misrata Brigades playing a notable role. On August 21, 2011, rebel forces from Misrata and Zliten, arriving on boats, conducted an amphibious landing in Tripoli in the early morning. This contingent joined rebels within the city in their fight for "freedom". Subsequently, on August 22, the Misrata local military council announced the dispatch of several ships carrying fighters and ammunition as reinforcements to Tripoli. Operation Mermaid Dawn saw rebel forces advancing eastwards from Zawiya and entering Tripoli through the Janzur suburb. Simultaneously, rebels from Misrata landed by sea in the north, supporting the rebellion already underway in the city.
The Misrata Brigades had also played a significant role in the Battle of Sirte. On October 19, field commander Essam Baghhar, leading the Zintan Brigades following the passing of Bin Dardef, reported that transitional government fighters successfully counterattacked, pushing loyalist forces back into the Number Two neighborhood of Sirte. They seized control of Al Dollar overnight, asserting dominance over an area less than a square kilometer in size. While Al Jazeera reported these developments, immediate confirmation was unavailable. During this phase, Misrata fighters introduced a steel-armored bulldozer to the battlefield, armed with four heavy machine guns and a tank gun, to break through roadblocks. Speculation arose among NTC fighters at the front line that Muammar Gaddafi might be present in Sirte, given the resilient resistance displayed by loyalist forces despite heavy bombardment. The eventual capture and death of Gaddafi, confirmed through a doctor's examination in Misrata, marked a symbolic end to the battle. His body, alongside that of his son Mutassim, who also met his demise in Misratan custody after the capture in Sirte, was displayed before being buried on October 24, 2011.
In July, fighters in Bani Walid captured and tortured Misrata Brigades militiaman Omran Shaaban, a key figure in the capture of Muammar Gaddafi at the end of the Battle of Sirte, leading to his eventual death from wounds sustained. In response, the Libyan Congress authorized the use of force against Bani Walid to apprehend those responsible, setting a deadline of October 5 for peaceful compliance. The local government of Bani Walid rejected the decision, citing the absence of a reliable judiciary system in Libya. As tensions escalated, Misrata militias, alongside the Libyan Shield brigade, imposed a siege on Bani Walid, blocking civilian supplies. Clashes ensued in early October, resulting in casualties on both sides, and despite a ceasefire imposed on October 19, hostilities persisted. Misrata militias launched another assault on October 20, encountering significant casualties, and the conflict continued with ongoing shelling, displacing civilians. When an AFP reporter entered Bani Walid on November 1, heavy damage was evident, attributed to fighting and reported incidents of theft by Misratan militiamen.
The Misrata Brigades played a crucial role in the elimination of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in Libya. In 2016, they, alongside other small armed groups, initiated a military campaign to liberate Sirte from ISIL's control, leading an extensive offensive that lasted several months. The Misrata Brigades took a prominent position in the forefront of the operation, which received support from its coalition partners, involving airstrikes against ISIL positions. Eventually, the successful campaign resulted in the expulsion of ISIL from Sirte, representing a major triumph for the Misrata Brigades and the broader Libyan forces combating the terrorist organization.
In the conflict against Khalifa Haftars forces, the Misrata Brigades played a significant role in the defeat of the Libyan National Army (LNA). Hailing from Misrata in northwest Libya, a city with a robust military presence encompassing diverse and numerous armed groups, these brigades contributed a substantial number of fighters to the Libyan conflict. Equipped with various weapons, including tanks, artillery, anti-aircraft guns, and small arms, many of which were seized during the 2011 Libyan revolution from forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi, the Misrata Brigades utilized their weaponry and techniques and experience to effectively push back against Haftar's forces, defending the region throughout the conflict.
On September 4, 2023, Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, the Head of Libya's Government of National Unity (GNU), directed the establishment of a security command center in Misrata city to address the perceived "rebellion" led by Salah Badi, the commander of the Somoud Brigade. Following the dismissal of GNU Foreign Minister Najlaa al-Mangoush, the Misrata military council announced its reactivation, citing concerns over her meeting with Israeli counterpart Eli Cohen in Italy. This military council, composed of various armed groups in the region, expressed opposition to foreign interference in Libya, prompting heightened military presence in Misrata. Khalid al-Farjany, a prominent council member, emphasized the rejection of foreign agendas jeopardizing national security. He called for other cities to activate their military councils for coordinated efforts. Salah Badi, subject to international sanctions and a military council leader, declared his intent to intervene forcefully against the current government, accusing them of treason and collaboration with foreign powers. Amidst these developments, Dbeibeh stressed the need for coordinated security efforts to prevent unrest and violations in Misrata, advocating for the adoption and implementation of a comprehensive security plan in the region. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Misrata Military Council, also commonly referred to as the Misrata Brigades, are armed units linked to the city of Misrata and its surrounding area. These brigades are allied to, but separate from, the Libyan Army, which is a part of the Government of National Unity (Libya). The Misrata Brigades played a major part in the Libyan Revolution, as well as the Second Libyan Civil War.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The roots of the Misrata Brigades can be traced back to the early days of the Libyan revolution in February 2011 when protests erupted across the country. As the demonstrations escalated into a full-fledged armed conflict, Misrata became a focal point for anti-Gaddafi forces. The city endured a prolonged and intense siege by government forces, which resulted in heavy civilian casualties and infrastructure damage. The Misrata Brigades were formed as a response to the siege, composed of local volunteers and defected soldiers who took up arms to defend their city against Gaddafi's forces.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Misrata Brigades played a key role during the Battle of Misrata. Initially triggered by anti-government protests, the opposition, numbering a few dozen, faced violent crackdowns from government forces, leading to escalating armed conflicts. By 23 February, the rebels had driven government forces out of Misrata, and heavy fighting ensued, including the rebels' successful attack on an airbase and clashes at the military air academy. The situation escalated further in March, with artillery and tank attacks causing casualties on both sides. The city faced breaches and continued fighting until 22 March when loyalist forces gained control over large parts of the city. Subsequently, coalition airstrikes began on 23 March, targeting pro-Gaddafi forces. The conflict continued with loyalist forces besieging Misrata, and rebels resisting through April, culminating in the rebels' gradual gains and loyalist withdrawal by late April. The rebels faced sustained bombardment, partial port blockades, and confrontations at the airport. By mid-May, the rebels claimed control of Misrata, with clashes persisting in surrounding areas and conflicting reports on territorial gains.",
"title": "Libyan Revolution (2011)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Battle of Tripoli unfolded as a decisive moment during the 2011 Libyan Civil War, with the Misrata Brigades playing a notable role. On August 21, 2011, rebel forces from Misrata and Zliten, arriving on boats, conducted an amphibious landing in Tripoli in the early morning. This contingent joined rebels within the city in their fight for \"freedom\". Subsequently, on August 22, the Misrata local military council announced the dispatch of several ships carrying fighters and ammunition as reinforcements to Tripoli. Operation Mermaid Dawn saw rebel forces advancing eastwards from Zawiya and entering Tripoli through the Janzur suburb. Simultaneously, rebels from Misrata landed by sea in the north, supporting the rebellion already underway in the city.",
"title": "Libyan Revolution (2011)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Misrata Brigades had also played a significant role in the Battle of Sirte. On October 19, field commander Essam Baghhar, leading the Zintan Brigades following the passing of Bin Dardef, reported that transitional government fighters successfully counterattacked, pushing loyalist forces back into the Number Two neighborhood of Sirte. They seized control of Al Dollar overnight, asserting dominance over an area less than a square kilometer in size. While Al Jazeera reported these developments, immediate confirmation was unavailable. During this phase, Misrata fighters introduced a steel-armored bulldozer to the battlefield, armed with four heavy machine guns and a tank gun, to break through roadblocks. Speculation arose among NTC fighters at the front line that Muammar Gaddafi might be present in Sirte, given the resilient resistance displayed by loyalist forces despite heavy bombardment. The eventual capture and death of Gaddafi, confirmed through a doctor's examination in Misrata, marked a symbolic end to the battle. His body, alongside that of his son Mutassim, who also met his demise in Misratan custody after the capture in Sirte, was displayed before being buried on October 24, 2011.",
"title": "Libyan Revolution (2011)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In July, fighters in Bani Walid captured and tortured Misrata Brigades militiaman Omran Shaaban, a key figure in the capture of Muammar Gaddafi at the end of the Battle of Sirte, leading to his eventual death from wounds sustained. In response, the Libyan Congress authorized the use of force against Bani Walid to apprehend those responsible, setting a deadline of October 5 for peaceful compliance. The local government of Bani Walid rejected the decision, citing the absence of a reliable judiciary system in Libya. As tensions escalated, Misrata militias, alongside the Libyan Shield brigade, imposed a siege on Bani Walid, blocking civilian supplies. Clashes ensued in early October, resulting in casualties on both sides, and despite a ceasefire imposed on October 19, hostilities persisted. Misrata militias launched another assault on October 20, encountering significant casualties, and the conflict continued with ongoing shelling, displacing civilians. When an AFP reporter entered Bani Walid on November 1, heavy damage was evident, attributed to fighting and reported incidents of theft by Misratan militiamen.",
"title": "Siege of Bani Walid (2012)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The Misrata Brigades played a crucial role in the elimination of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in Libya. In 2016, they, alongside other small armed groups, initiated a military campaign to liberate Sirte from ISIL's control, leading an extensive offensive that lasted several months. The Misrata Brigades took a prominent position in the forefront of the operation, which received support from its coalition partners, involving airstrikes against ISIL positions. Eventually, the successful campaign resulted in the expulsion of ISIL from Sirte, representing a major triumph for the Misrata Brigades and the broader Libyan forces combating the terrorist organization.",
"title": "Second Libyan Civil War"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In the conflict against Khalifa Haftars forces, the Misrata Brigades played a significant role in the defeat of the Libyan National Army (LNA). Hailing from Misrata in northwest Libya, a city with a robust military presence encompassing diverse and numerous armed groups, these brigades contributed a substantial number of fighters to the Libyan conflict. Equipped with various weapons, including tanks, artillery, anti-aircraft guns, and small arms, many of which were seized during the 2011 Libyan revolution from forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi, the Misrata Brigades utilized their weaponry and techniques and experience to effectively push back against Haftar's forces, defending the region throughout the conflict.",
"title": "Second Libyan Civil War"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "On September 4, 2023, Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, the Head of Libya's Government of National Unity (GNU), directed the establishment of a security command center in Misrata city to address the perceived \"rebellion\" led by Salah Badi, the commander of the Somoud Brigade. Following the dismissal of GNU Foreign Minister Najlaa al-Mangoush, the Misrata military council announced its reactivation, citing concerns over her meeting with Israeli counterpart Eli Cohen in Italy. This military council, composed of various armed groups in the region, expressed opposition to foreign interference in Libya, prompting heightened military presence in Misrata. Khalid al-Farjany, a prominent council member, emphasized the rejection of foreign agendas jeopardizing national security. He called for other cities to activate their military councils for coordinated efforts. Salah Badi, subject to international sanctions and a military council leader, declared his intent to intervene forcefully against the current government, accusing them of treason and collaboration with foreign powers. Amidst these developments, Dbeibeh stressed the need for coordinated security efforts to prevent unrest and violations in Misrata, advocating for the adoption and implementation of a comprehensive security plan in the region.",
"title": "Rebellion against Dbeibeh"
}
] | The Misrata Military Council, also commonly referred to as the Misrata Brigades, are armed units linked to the city of Misrata and its surrounding area. These brigades are allied to, but separate from, the Libyan Army, which is a part of the Government of National Unity (Libya). The Misrata Brigades played a major part in the Libyan Revolution, as well as the Second Libyan Civil War. | 2023-12-16T17:43:03Z | 2023-12-30T23:54:08Z | [
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"Template:Infobox military unit",
"Template:Main",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misrata_Military_Council |
75,579,556 | Hanna Barker | Hanna Marie Barker (born May 14, 1996) is an American professional soccer player, who plays as a midfielder/forward for Fatih Karagümrük S.K. in the Turkish Women's Football Super League.
Barker started her soccer career in 2006 playing in her hometown for 96 D'Feeters Kicks SC in the Elite Clubs National League (ECNL).
From 2012 to 2014, she was part of the Turner High School girls team. She was named twice All-district offensive and Team MVP in 2012 and 2013.
During her university yeats, Barker was a memmber of the college soccer team SFA Ladyjaks. She was selected to the Southland Conference All-Tournament Team and was named Southland Conference Freshman of the Year in 2014, Southland Conference Midfielder of the Year in 2016 and 2017. Ahe netted in total 29 goals in 78 matches of the Southland Conference women's soccer tournament.
She is 5 ft 2 in (1.57 m) tall, and plays in the midfielder/forward position.
In February 2018, she went to Iceland, and signed a professinal contract with FH Hafnarfjarðar to play in the Besta deild kvenna.
The same year, she was loaned out to IR Reykjavíkur in the 1. deild kvenna league.
She moved to Hungary, and joined Diósgyőri VTK to paly in the 2018–19 league season of Nemzeti Bajnokság I, where she scored in total 35 goals in 73 matches of four seasons.
She played for Ferencvárosi TC in the Hungarian league Női NB I of the 2022–23 season. She scored six goals in 27 matches. She took part in two matches of theTournament 2 at the 2022–23 UEFA Women's Champions League, and scored one goal.
In August 2023, Barker moved to Turkey, and signed with the Istanbul-based club Fatih Karagümrük S.K..
Hanna Marie Barker was born in Farmers Branch, Texas, United States on May, 15 1996.
After completing her secondary education at R. L. Turner High School, she studied at Stephen F. Austin State University from 2014 to 2017. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Hanna Marie Barker (born May 14, 1996) is an American professional soccer player, who plays as a midfielder/forward for Fatih Karagümrük S.K. in the Turkish Women's Football Super League.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Barker started her soccer career in 2006 playing in her hometown for 96 D'Feeters Kicks SC in the Elite Clubs National League (ECNL).",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "From 2012 to 2014, she was part of the Turner High School girls team. She was named twice All-district offensive and Team MVP in 2012 and 2013.",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "During her university yeats, Barker was a memmber of the college soccer team SFA Ladyjaks. She was selected to the Southland Conference All-Tournament Team and was named Southland Conference Freshman of the Year in 2014, Southland Conference Midfielder of the Year in 2016 and 2017. Ahe netted in total 29 goals in 78 matches of the Southland Conference women's soccer tournament.",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "She is 5 ft 2 in (1.57 m) tall, and plays in the midfielder/forward position.",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In February 2018, she went to Iceland, and signed a professinal contract with FH Hafnarfjarðar to play in the Besta deild kvenna.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The same year, she was loaned out to IR Reykjavíkur in the 1. deild kvenna league.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "She moved to Hungary, and joined Diósgyőri VTK to paly in the 2018–19 league season of Nemzeti Bajnokság I, where she scored in total 35 goals in 73 matches of four seasons.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "She played for Ferencvárosi TC in the Hungarian league Női NB I of the 2022–23 season. She scored six goals in 27 matches. She took part in two matches of theTournament 2 at the 2022–23 UEFA Women's Champions League, and scored one goal.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In August 2023, Barker moved to Turkey, and signed with the Istanbul-based club Fatih Karagümrük S.K..",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Hanna Marie Barker was born in Farmers Branch, Texas, United States on May, 15 1996.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "After completing her secondary education at R. L. Turner High School, she studied at Stephen F. Austin State University from 2014 to 2017.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Hanna Marie Barker is an American professional soccer player, who plays as a midfielder/forward for Fatih Karagümrük S.K. in the Turkish Women's Football Super League. | 2023-12-16T17:44:30Z | 2023-12-27T19:14:19Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna_Barker |
75,579,562 | Murder of Madikum Puspanathan | On 23 January 1976, while inside a bar at Jalan Besar, two patrons - Madikum Puspanathan and Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu - had a dispute with each other that resulted in Visuvanathan stabbing Madikum to death with a knife. Visuvanathan fled to Malaysia but he was eventually arrested two months after the stabbing and charged with murder after his extradition to Singapore. Although the defence sought to prove that Visuvanathan never meant to stab Madikum to death and he was drunk at the time of the crime, Visuvanathan was nonetheless found guilty of murdering Madikum and sentenced to death, after the trial court found that Visuvanathan had intentionally stabbed the victim and such that the injury inflicted was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. In the aftermath, Visuvanathan's appeal was dismissed, and he was hanged on 25 May 1979.
On the night of 23 January 1976, a man was attacked and stabbed to death outside a pub at Jalan Besar. The deceased, identified as 46-year-old Madikum Puspanathan, was a road sweeper who was a familiar fugure often seen in the area, sweeping the road for a living. Madikum left behind a wife and two children at the time of his death, and according to first-hand witness accounts, Madikum, who was at the pub having drinks with his friends, was attacked by at least two to three assailants, and was stabbed several times before the attacker(s) escaped. Dr Seah Han Cheow, a forensic pathologist, later conducted an autopsy on the victim. He found there were at least three stab wounds on Madikum's neck and chest, and one of the stab wounds had penetrated Madikum's heart, and it was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause Madikum's death.
After two months of police investigation, it was eventually pieced together that a lone attacker was responsible for the murder of Madikum Puspanathan back in January 1976, and the suspected killer's identity was also established by the police. On 4 March 1976, it was reported that the suspect, 23-year-old Malaysian citizen Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu, was wanted by the police for murdering Madikum, and the Singaporean police also sought his assistance in investigations of the case.
During that same month, on 28 March 1976, the Royal Malaysia Police arrested Visuvanathan in his hometown of Batu Pahat, which was located in Kluang, Johor. Visuvanathan was extradited back to Singapore a few days after his arrest, and he was therefore charged with murder.
On 18 November 1976, eight months after he was arrested, 24-year-old Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu stood trial at the High Court for murdering Madikum Puspanathan, and he was represented by state-assigned defence counsel Bevin Netto and Peter Pang, while the prosecution was led by Deputy Public Prosecutor Sant Singh. The trial was presided by two judges - Justice A P Rajah and Justice Choor Singh - of the High Court.
The trial court was told that on the night of 23 January 1976, Madikum was drinking at the pub with his friends when Visuvanathan, who was also a patron of the pub and drinking at another table with his friends, allegedly noticed Madikum was staring at him while he was drinking, which incensed him and led to him confronting Madikum. Madikum denied that he was staring at Visuvanathan, and he also ignored Visuvanathan's boast that he was the leader of a gang operating from Veerasamy Road. After this, Visuvanathan left the bar and went to his aunt's house to grab a knife, and he returned to the bar, where he asked for a treat before he challenged Madikum to a fight. Afterwards, Visuvanathan used the knife to stab Madikum before he fled into a backlane at Upper Weld Road, leaving Madikum to die from his wounds. 27-year-old Loganathan Pakrisamy, one of Madikum's friends present at the bar, testified that he witnessed Visuvanathan stabbing Madikum to death, but he denied the defence's contention that he and Madikum first confronted Visuvanathan or challenged Visuvanthan to fight.
In his defence, Visuvanathan denied that he had murdered Madikum. He claimed that on that night itself, it was Madikum and Loganathan who both challenged Visuvanathan to a fight, and he therefore left the bar out of fear for his life, and he retrieved the knife from his aunt's place and returned to the bar, as he wanted to use the knife for self-protection and out of fear that Madikum and Loganathan was armed. Visuvanathan claimed that he did not intend to cause Madikum's death when he stabbed him, and stated he was drunk at the time of the stabbing and therefore was not fully aware of what he was doing. Visuvanathan also claimed that his statements were made involuntarily and he was forced to confess due to the investigating officer Cheok Koon Seng threatening him, but his statements was ruled admissible by the court and his claims of confessing under duress were dismissed.
On 26 November 1976, after a trial lasting seven days, Justice A P Rajah and Justice Choor Singh delivered their judgement, with Justice Singh pronouncing the decision in court. Justice Singh stated that both judges carefully scrunitized the submissions of both the defence and prosecution, and they determined that Visuvanathan's defence of alcohol intoxication was ought to be rejected, since Visuvanathan did not suffer from impaired mental responsibility as induced by the effects of alcohol intake, and he was fully conscious of his actions at the time of the stabbing. They also accepted the eyewitness testimonies, and found that Visuvanathan had intentionally stabbed Madikum on the chest, such that the knife had penetrated Madikum's heart and hence the injury caused was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, and there was no possibility of accidental stabbing or the injury being unintended. Therefore, the judges ruled that there were sufficient grounds to return with a verdict of murder in Visuvanathan's case.
As a result, 24-year-old Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu was found guilty of murder, and sentenced to death. The death penalty was mandated as the sole punishment permitted for murder upon an offender's conviction under Singaporean law.
On 1 December 1976, four days after he was sentenced to hang, Visuvanathan filed his notice of appeal to the High Court against his conviction and sentence, and the appeal was subsequently heard by the Court of Appeal. On 16 January 1978, the appellate court's three judges - Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin, Justice Frederick Arthur Chua (F A Chua) and Justice T Kulasekaram - rejected Visuvanathan's appeal without calling for the reply of Lawrence Ang, who led the prosecution during the appeal hearing. Briefly delivering their oral grounds of decision, the three judges found that there was no merit in Visuvanathan's appeal and they therefore upheld the trial court's decision to convict Visuvanathan of murder, since the evidence had satisfactorily proven Visuvanathan's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
On 25 May 1979, after he ate his last breakfast, 27-year-old Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu was hanged in Changi Prison at dawn. Visuvanathan was the fourth person to be put to death during that year itself. Two weeks before Visuvanathan's execution, three men - Lee Keng Guan, Wong Loke Fatt and Ho Joo Huat - were executed for a firearm robbery committed in Katong five years prior.
In the aftermath of his execution, Visuvanathan's case became a notable legal case study in relation to the charge of murder under Section 300(c) of the Penal Code, and the exact nature of the murder concerned in Visuvanathan's case came under this particular section.
Original text of Section 300(c) (Extracted from the Penal Code):
(c): if it is done with the intention of causing bodily injury to any person, and the bodily injury intended to be inflicted is sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death
The case itself touched on the definition of Section 300(c), which highlighted the difficulty and dilemma of convicting a person of murder by having voluntarily inflicted a fatal injury without having the intention to cause death, and it also contributed to shaping the courts' approach to find a person guilty of murder under Section 300(c), which mainly focused on firstly, whether the intention to inflict the injury was present or not, and if the injury caused was sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature. The case itself also scrunitized the Privy Council decision of Mohamed Yasin bin Hussin's case, in which Yasin was found not guilty of murdering an elderly woman due to the prosecution failing to prove if he had the intention to cause the fatal rib fractures per Section 300(c).
With reference to Yasin's case, the trial judges determined in their verdict that while the case of Yasin was in alignment with Section 300(c)'s definition, the proposed subjective approach in the case only concerned if the person specifically had the intent to cause an injury, while the fatality of the injury caused was not a subjective one, and hence the guiding principles of Yasin's case was rendered universally not applicable for all cases, and the approach in Visuvanathan's case was considered to be a more stricter one that disregarded the question of whether the fatal injury(s) was accidentally or intentionally inflicted. Some other cases like Tan Joo Cheng v Public Prosecutor and Public Prosecutor v Lim Poh Lye and Another notably made reference to Visuvanathan's case, and they either agreed or disagreed with the type of approach laid forward by Visuvanathan's case to convict a person of a Section 300(c) murder charge.
In the aftermath of his execution, Visuvanathan's case became a case study inside the 1994 book Mental Disorders and the Law, co-authored by Lee Peng Kok, Molly Cheang and Kuan Tsee Chee, and one of his defences of alcohol intoxication was written in the book as an instance of murder defendants putting up their defence of alcohol intoxication to evade the murder charge during their trials.
N. Sivanandan, the Indian court interpreter of Visuvanathan's trial who retired in the 2010s after five decades on his job, wrote a book about the past high-profile cases where he acted as the interpreter at trial, and the book was published in 2019. Sivanandan stated that the case of Visuvanathan reminded him of many instances where a fight or even murder could arise from alcohol, and it was challenging for him and his colleague to interpret the witnesses' answers and cross-examination from both the prosecution and defence. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "On 23 January 1976, while inside a bar at Jalan Besar, two patrons - Madikum Puspanathan and Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu - had a dispute with each other that resulted in Visuvanathan stabbing Madikum to death with a knife. Visuvanathan fled to Malaysia but he was eventually arrested two months after the stabbing and charged with murder after his extradition to Singapore. Although the defence sought to prove that Visuvanathan never meant to stab Madikum to death and he was drunk at the time of the crime, Visuvanathan was nonetheless found guilty of murdering Madikum and sentenced to death, after the trial court found that Visuvanathan had intentionally stabbed the victim and such that the injury inflicted was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. In the aftermath, Visuvanathan's appeal was dismissed, and he was hanged on 25 May 1979.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On the night of 23 January 1976, a man was attacked and stabbed to death outside a pub at Jalan Besar. The deceased, identified as 46-year-old Madikum Puspanathan, was a road sweeper who was a familiar fugure often seen in the area, sweeping the road for a living. Madikum left behind a wife and two children at the time of his death, and according to first-hand witness accounts, Madikum, who was at the pub having drinks with his friends, was attacked by at least two to three assailants, and was stabbed several times before the attacker(s) escaped. Dr Seah Han Cheow, a forensic pathologist, later conducted an autopsy on the victim. He found there were at least three stab wounds on Madikum's neck and chest, and one of the stab wounds had penetrated Madikum's heart, and it was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause Madikum's death.",
"title": "Stabbing and death of Madikum"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After two months of police investigation, it was eventually pieced together that a lone attacker was responsible for the murder of Madikum Puspanathan back in January 1976, and the suspected killer's identity was also established by the police. On 4 March 1976, it was reported that the suspect, 23-year-old Malaysian citizen Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu, was wanted by the police for murdering Madikum, and the Singaporean police also sought his assistance in investigations of the case.",
"title": "Arrest of suspect"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "During that same month, on 28 March 1976, the Royal Malaysia Police arrested Visuvanathan in his hometown of Batu Pahat, which was located in Kluang, Johor. Visuvanathan was extradited back to Singapore a few days after his arrest, and he was therefore charged with murder.",
"title": "Arrest of suspect"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On 18 November 1976, eight months after he was arrested, 24-year-old Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu stood trial at the High Court for murdering Madikum Puspanathan, and he was represented by state-assigned defence counsel Bevin Netto and Peter Pang, while the prosecution was led by Deputy Public Prosecutor Sant Singh. The trial was presided by two judges - Justice A P Rajah and Justice Choor Singh - of the High Court.",
"title": "Trial of Visuvanathan"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The trial court was told that on the night of 23 January 1976, Madikum was drinking at the pub with his friends when Visuvanathan, who was also a patron of the pub and drinking at another table with his friends, allegedly noticed Madikum was staring at him while he was drinking, which incensed him and led to him confronting Madikum. Madikum denied that he was staring at Visuvanathan, and he also ignored Visuvanathan's boast that he was the leader of a gang operating from Veerasamy Road. After this, Visuvanathan left the bar and went to his aunt's house to grab a knife, and he returned to the bar, where he asked for a treat before he challenged Madikum to a fight. Afterwards, Visuvanathan used the knife to stab Madikum before he fled into a backlane at Upper Weld Road, leaving Madikum to die from his wounds. 27-year-old Loganathan Pakrisamy, one of Madikum's friends present at the bar, testified that he witnessed Visuvanathan stabbing Madikum to death, but he denied the defence's contention that he and Madikum first confronted Visuvanathan or challenged Visuvanthan to fight.",
"title": "Trial of Visuvanathan"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In his defence, Visuvanathan denied that he had murdered Madikum. He claimed that on that night itself, it was Madikum and Loganathan who both challenged Visuvanathan to a fight, and he therefore left the bar out of fear for his life, and he retrieved the knife from his aunt's place and returned to the bar, as he wanted to use the knife for self-protection and out of fear that Madikum and Loganathan was armed. Visuvanathan claimed that he did not intend to cause Madikum's death when he stabbed him, and stated he was drunk at the time of the stabbing and therefore was not fully aware of what he was doing. Visuvanathan also claimed that his statements were made involuntarily and he was forced to confess due to the investigating officer Cheok Koon Seng threatening him, but his statements was ruled admissible by the court and his claims of confessing under duress were dismissed.",
"title": "Trial of Visuvanathan"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "On 26 November 1976, after a trial lasting seven days, Justice A P Rajah and Justice Choor Singh delivered their judgement, with Justice Singh pronouncing the decision in court. Justice Singh stated that both judges carefully scrunitized the submissions of both the defence and prosecution, and they determined that Visuvanathan's defence of alcohol intoxication was ought to be rejected, since Visuvanathan did not suffer from impaired mental responsibility as induced by the effects of alcohol intake, and he was fully conscious of his actions at the time of the stabbing. They also accepted the eyewitness testimonies, and found that Visuvanathan had intentionally stabbed Madikum on the chest, such that the knife had penetrated Madikum's heart and hence the injury caused was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, and there was no possibility of accidental stabbing or the injury being unintended. Therefore, the judges ruled that there were sufficient grounds to return with a verdict of murder in Visuvanathan's case.",
"title": "Trial of Visuvanathan"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "As a result, 24-year-old Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu was found guilty of murder, and sentenced to death. The death penalty was mandated as the sole punishment permitted for murder upon an offender's conviction under Singaporean law.",
"title": "Trial of Visuvanathan"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "On 1 December 1976, four days after he was sentenced to hang, Visuvanathan filed his notice of appeal to the High Court against his conviction and sentence, and the appeal was subsequently heard by the Court of Appeal. On 16 January 1978, the appellate court's three judges - Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin, Justice Frederick Arthur Chua (F A Chua) and Justice T Kulasekaram - rejected Visuvanathan's appeal without calling for the reply of Lawrence Ang, who led the prosecution during the appeal hearing. Briefly delivering their oral grounds of decision, the three judges found that there was no merit in Visuvanathan's appeal and they therefore upheld the trial court's decision to convict Visuvanathan of murder, since the evidence had satisfactorily proven Visuvanathan's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.",
"title": "Execution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "On 25 May 1979, after he ate his last breakfast, 27-year-old Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu was hanged in Changi Prison at dawn. Visuvanathan was the fourth person to be put to death during that year itself. Two weeks before Visuvanathan's execution, three men - Lee Keng Guan, Wong Loke Fatt and Ho Joo Huat - were executed for a firearm robbery committed in Katong five years prior.",
"title": "Execution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In the aftermath of his execution, Visuvanathan's case became a notable legal case study in relation to the charge of murder under Section 300(c) of the Penal Code, and the exact nature of the murder concerned in Visuvanathan's case came under this particular section.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Original text of Section 300(c) (Extracted from the Penal Code):",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "(c): if it is done with the intention of causing bodily injury to any person, and the bodily injury intended to be inflicted is sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The case itself touched on the definition of Section 300(c), which highlighted the difficulty and dilemma of convicting a person of murder by having voluntarily inflicted a fatal injury without having the intention to cause death, and it also contributed to shaping the courts' approach to find a person guilty of murder under Section 300(c), which mainly focused on firstly, whether the intention to inflict the injury was present or not, and if the injury caused was sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature. The case itself also scrunitized the Privy Council decision of Mohamed Yasin bin Hussin's case, in which Yasin was found not guilty of murdering an elderly woman due to the prosecution failing to prove if he had the intention to cause the fatal rib fractures per Section 300(c).",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "With reference to Yasin's case, the trial judges determined in their verdict that while the case of Yasin was in alignment with Section 300(c)'s definition, the proposed subjective approach in the case only concerned if the person specifically had the intent to cause an injury, while the fatality of the injury caused was not a subjective one, and hence the guiding principles of Yasin's case was rendered universally not applicable for all cases, and the approach in Visuvanathan's case was considered to be a more stricter one that disregarded the question of whether the fatal injury(s) was accidentally or intentionally inflicted. Some other cases like Tan Joo Cheng v Public Prosecutor and Public Prosecutor v Lim Poh Lye and Another notably made reference to Visuvanathan's case, and they either agreed or disagreed with the type of approach laid forward by Visuvanathan's case to convict a person of a Section 300(c) murder charge.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "In the aftermath of his execution, Visuvanathan's case became a case study inside the 1994 book Mental Disorders and the Law, co-authored by Lee Peng Kok, Molly Cheang and Kuan Tsee Chee, and one of his defences of alcohol intoxication was written in the book as an instance of murder defendants putting up their defence of alcohol intoxication to evade the murder charge during their trials.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "N. Sivanandan, the Indian court interpreter of Visuvanathan's trial who retired in the 2010s after five decades on his job, wrote a book about the past high-profile cases where he acted as the interpreter at trial, and the book was published in 2019. Sivanandan stated that the case of Visuvanathan reminded him of many instances where a fight or even murder could arise from alcohol, and it was challenging for him and his colleague to interpret the witnesses' answers and cross-examination from both the prosecution and defence.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] | On 23 January 1976, while inside a bar at Jalan Besar, two patrons - Madikum Puspanathan and Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu - had a dispute with each other that resulted in Visuvanathan stabbing Madikum to death with a knife. Visuvanathan fled to Malaysia but he was eventually arrested two months after the stabbing and charged with murder after his extradition to Singapore. Although the defence sought to prove that Visuvanathan never meant to stab Madikum to death and he was drunk at the time of the crime, Visuvanathan was nonetheless found guilty of murdering Madikum and sentenced to death, after the trial court found that Visuvanathan had intentionally stabbed the victim and such that the injury inflicted was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. In the aftermath, Visuvanathan's appeal was dismissed, and he was hanged on 25 May 1979. | 2023-12-16T17:45:56Z | 2023-12-28T10:58:54Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Madikum_Puspanathan |
75,579,566 | Upper Pope Group | The Upper Pope Group is a geologic unit found in the Illinois Basin of southern Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and western Kentucky. In Indiana and Kentucky its equitant is the Buffalo Wallow Group. This unit grades from sandstones at its base into mix of limestones and sandstone and then a shale at its top. In Sothern Illinois oil wells are drilled into the Tar Springs formation.
Also known at the Kinkaid Limestone, this unit is made up of several smaller members. This unit ranges from 0' - 230 ' thick. The Grove Church Shale is at the top, followed by Members, Goreville Limestone, Cave Hill Shale, and Negli Creek Limestone.
A formation in Illinois containing 4 members that are linked to other formations in the Upper Pope Group. The Negli Creek Limestone of the Kinkaid formation to the west. Mt. Pleasant Sandstone, Bristow Sandstone, and Siberia Limestone. The Siberia is a thin tongue of the Menard formation.
This sandstone unit is 0-150' thick.
This unit is 0-150’ thick. Its units include the Ford Station Limestone, Tygett Sandstone and Cora Limestone Members.
This sandstone unit is 0-120' thick.
The Menard Limestone is a geologic formation in the Illinois Basin of southern Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and western Kentucky.
The type section of both the Walche Limestone Member and the Scottsburg Limestone Member are exposures in Walche's Cut, a railway cutting on the Illinois Central Railroad.
This formation is 0-100’ thick.
This limestone unit is 0-60' thick
This sandstone unit is 0-150' thick. The Tar Springs consists of interbedded sandstone and shale, creating closed reservoirs within the sand. For this reason it is the largest oil producing formation in Illinois. Estimated to have accounted for more than 60% of the oil production in the state. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Upper Pope Group is a geologic unit found in the Illinois Basin of southern Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and western Kentucky. In Indiana and Kentucky its equitant is the Buffalo Wallow Group. This unit grades from sandstones at its base into mix of limestones and sandstone and then a shale at its top. In Sothern Illinois oil wells are drilled into the Tar Springs formation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Also known at the Kinkaid Limestone, this unit is made up of several smaller members. This unit ranges from 0' - 230 ' thick. The Grove Church Shale is at the top, followed by Members, Goreville Limestone, Cave Hill Shale, and Negli Creek Limestone.",
"title": "Stratigraphy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "A formation in Illinois containing 4 members that are linked to other formations in the Upper Pope Group. The Negli Creek Limestone of the Kinkaid formation to the west. Mt. Pleasant Sandstone, Bristow Sandstone, and Siberia Limestone. The Siberia is a thin tongue of the Menard formation.",
"title": "Stratigraphy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "This sandstone unit is 0-150' thick.",
"title": "Stratigraphy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "This unit is 0-150’ thick. Its units include the Ford Station Limestone, Tygett Sandstone and Cora Limestone Members.",
"title": "Stratigraphy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "This sandstone unit is 0-120' thick.",
"title": "Stratigraphy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The Menard Limestone is a geologic formation in the Illinois Basin of southern Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and western Kentucky.",
"title": "Stratigraphy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The type section of both the Walche Limestone Member and the Scottsburg Limestone Member are exposures in Walche's Cut, a railway cutting on the Illinois Central Railroad.",
"title": "Stratigraphy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "This formation is 0-100’ thick.",
"title": "Stratigraphy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "This limestone unit is 0-60' thick",
"title": "Stratigraphy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "This sandstone unit is 0-150' thick. The Tar Springs consists of interbedded sandstone and shale, creating closed reservoirs within the sand. For this reason it is the largest oil producing formation in Illinois. Estimated to have accounted for more than 60% of the oil production in the state.",
"title": "Stratigraphy"
}
] | The Upper Pope Group is a geologic unit found in the Illinois Basin of southern Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and western Kentucky. In Indiana and Kentucky its equitant is the Buffalo Wallow Group. This unit grades from sandstones at its base into mix of limestones and sandstone and then a shale at its top. In Sothern Illinois oil wells are drilled into the Tar Springs formation. | 2023-12-16T17:46:22Z | 2023-12-26T18:13:42Z | [
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75,579,593 | Sarah Lampert | Sarah Lampert is an American television producer and screenwriter. She is known for creating the Netflix series Ginny & Georgia. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sarah Lampert is an American television producer and screenwriter. She is known for creating the Netflix series Ginny & Georgia.",
"title": ""
}
] | Sarah Lampert is an American television producer and screenwriter. She is known for creating the Netflix series Ginny & Georgia. | 2023-12-16T17:50:47Z | 2023-12-16T20:17:09Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Lampert |
75,579,598 | Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 400 metres T38 | The men's T38 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
All times shown are in seconds.
The results were as follows: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The men's T38 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:",
"title": "Records"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "All times shown are in seconds.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
}
] | The men's T38 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile. | 2023-12-16T17:51:18Z | 2023-12-29T23:08:15Z | [
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75,579,599 | Farah Hisham Omar | Farah Hisham Omar (Arabic: فرح عمر; June 18, 1998 – 21 November 2023) was a Lebanese journalist who worked for Al-Mayadeen. She was killed by Israeli army tank fire in southern Lebanon on November 21, 2023, while reporting on the Israel–Hamas war.
Omar was born on June 18, 1998, in the village of Machghara in the Beqaa Governorate. She later moved to the capital, Beirut. She held a master's degree in Journalism and Media. She worked on many Lebanese radio and television stations, including Radio Lebanon and the Lebanese NNA network.
Omar began her career in 2021, working at Al-Mayadeen News Channel as an editor and news reporter. She covered the Lebanese parliamentary elections in 2022 and the Turkish presidential and parliamentary elections in May 2023. She prepared A Fikra, a program shown on Al-Mayadeen Channel.
On 21 November 2023, while Omar was covering the latest developments on the Lebanese-Israeli border near Tayr Harfa in southern Lebanon, an Israeli tank targeted Omar and cameraman Rabih Maamari from Al-Mayadeen TV. The artillery shelling led to the immediate deaths of Omar and Maamari. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Farah Hisham Omar (Arabic: فرح عمر; June 18, 1998 – 21 November 2023) was a Lebanese journalist who worked for Al-Mayadeen. She was killed by Israeli army tank fire in southern Lebanon on November 21, 2023, while reporting on the Israel–Hamas war.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Omar was born on June 18, 1998, in the village of Machghara in the Beqaa Governorate. She later moved to the capital, Beirut. She held a master's degree in Journalism and Media. She worked on many Lebanese radio and television stations, including Radio Lebanon and the Lebanese NNA network.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Omar began her career in 2021, working at Al-Mayadeen News Channel as an editor and news reporter. She covered the Lebanese parliamentary elections in 2022 and the Turkish presidential and parliamentary elections in May 2023. She prepared A Fikra, a program shown on Al-Mayadeen Channel.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On 21 November 2023, while Omar was covering the latest developments on the Lebanese-Israeli border near Tayr Harfa in southern Lebanon, an Israeli tank targeted Omar and cameraman Rabih Maamari from Al-Mayadeen TV. The artillery shelling led to the immediate deaths of Omar and Maamari.",
"title": "Death"
}
] | Farah Hisham Omar was a Lebanese journalist who worked for Al-Mayadeen. She was killed by Israeli army tank fire in southern Lebanon on November 21, 2023, while reporting on the Israel–Hamas war. | 2023-12-16T17:51:23Z | 2023-12-18T02:41:42Z | [
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75,579,605 | 2022 European Men's Handball Championship bidding process | The 2022 European Men's Handball Championship bidding process entails the bids for the 2022 European Men's Handball Championship. The winners were Hungary and Slovakia.
The bidding timeline was as follows:
On 4 May 2017 it was announced that the following nations had sent in an official expression of interest:
However, when the deadline for submitting the final bids was over, the following applications had been received:
On 18 November 2016, news broke out of a possible joint bid between Belgium, France and Spain. All three parties had a meeting about the bid in Brussels, Belgium. Their bid was one of the three bids hoping to win the 2022 hosting rights. Their slogan is Relay. On 1 November 2017, they officially confirmed their proposed cities and venues.
The preliminary round groups would take place in Antwerp, Montpellier, Nantes, Strasbourg, Madrid (who replaced León as a host city) and Santander. The main round would be in Nantes and Bilbao, with the final weekend in Paris.
Hungary and Slovakia both submitted a joint application for the event. The slogan is Watch games see more, which is meant to reference the short distances between venues. The bid had government support from both sides.
The main round would be in Bratislava and Budapest, while the final weekend would be held at the new Budapest Arena.
Denmark and Switzerland decided to bid together, under the slogan Perfect Partnership. They were originally going to bid alongside Germany for 2022, but the Germans decided to shift away from the project to focus on a solo bid for 2024. Their project was designed to show small nations can host big tournaments sustainably. The bid had full backing from the Danish and Swiss governments. In June 2018, Denmark and Switzerland both played a friendly to further promote their bid. The chairman of the Danish federation, Per Bertelsen, said the bid had a good chance of winning.
The main rounds would be in Zürich and Herning, while the final weekend would be in Herning.
However, shortly before the vote, they withdrew their bid for 2022 for unknown reasons.
In late 2016, Belarus and Russia was reported to have a meeting together talking about a possible bid. Potential hosts cities consisted of Brest, Gomel and Minsk from Belarus, and Moscow and Saint Petersburg from Russia. However, this bid never materialised.
On 20 June at the 14th ordinary EHF Congress held in Glasgow, Hungary and Slovakia were selected to host the competition. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2022 European Men's Handball Championship bidding process entails the bids for the 2022 European Men's Handball Championship. The winners were Hungary and Slovakia.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The bidding timeline was as follows:",
"title": "Bidding timeline"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On 4 May 2017 it was announced that the following nations had sent in an official expression of interest:",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "However, when the deadline for submitting the final bids was over, the following applications had been received:",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On 18 November 2016, news broke out of a possible joint bid between Belgium, France and Spain. All three parties had a meeting about the bid in Brussels, Belgium. Their bid was one of the three bids hoping to win the 2022 hosting rights. Their slogan is Relay. On 1 November 2017, they officially confirmed their proposed cities and venues.",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The preliminary round groups would take place in Antwerp, Montpellier, Nantes, Strasbourg, Madrid (who replaced León as a host city) and Santander. The main round would be in Nantes and Bilbao, with the final weekend in Paris.",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Hungary and Slovakia both submitted a joint application for the event. The slogan is Watch games see more, which is meant to reference the short distances between venues. The bid had government support from both sides.",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The main round would be in Bratislava and Budapest, while the final weekend would be held at the new Budapest Arena.",
"title": "Bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Denmark and Switzerland decided to bid together, under the slogan Perfect Partnership. They were originally going to bid alongside Germany for 2022, but the Germans decided to shift away from the project to focus on a solo bid for 2024. Their project was designed to show small nations can host big tournaments sustainably. The bid had full backing from the Danish and Swiss governments. In June 2018, Denmark and Switzerland both played a friendly to further promote their bid. The chairman of the Danish federation, Per Bertelsen, said the bid had a good chance of winning.",
"title": "Withdrawn bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The main rounds would be in Zürich and Herning, while the final weekend would be in Herning.",
"title": "Withdrawn bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "However, shortly before the vote, they withdrew their bid for 2022 for unknown reasons.",
"title": "Withdrawn bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In late 2016, Belarus and Russia was reported to have a meeting together talking about a possible bid. Potential hosts cities consisted of Brest, Gomel and Minsk from Belarus, and Moscow and Saint Petersburg from Russia. However, this bid never materialised.",
"title": "Withdrawn bids"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "On 20 June at the 14th ordinary EHF Congress held in Glasgow, Hungary and Slovakia were selected to host the competition.",
"title": "Host selection"
}
] | The 2022 European Men's Handball Championship bidding process entails the bids for the 2022 European Men's Handball Championship. The winners were Hungary and Slovakia. | 2023-12-16T17:53:37Z | 2023-12-25T09:53:59Z | [
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75,579,607 | Sarah Giancola | Sarah Giancola (born August 15, 1990, in Fort Erie, Ontario) is an American rower. She won a silver medal in Women's quadruple sculls, at the 2015 Pan American Games.
She graduated from Park School of Buffalo, and Northeastern University.
She rowed with GMS Rowing Center. She trained with Victoria Burke.
Her sister, Abby Giancola rows for Cornell University. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sarah Giancola (born August 15, 1990, in Fort Erie, Ontario) is an American rower. She won a silver medal in Women's quadruple sculls, at the 2015 Pan American Games.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "She graduated from Park School of Buffalo, and Northeastern University.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She rowed with GMS Rowing Center. She trained with Victoria Burke.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Her sister, Abby Giancola rows for Cornell University.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Sarah Giancola is an American rower. She won a silver medal in Women's quadruple sculls, at the 2015 Pan American Games. She graduated from Park School of Buffalo, and Northeastern University. She rowed with GMS Rowing Center. She trained with Victoria Burke. Her sister, Abby Giancola rows for Cornell University. | 2023-12-16T17:54:10Z | 2023-12-17T19:03:23Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Giancola |
75,579,611 | Aaron K. Hughes | Aaron Konkle Hughes (31 March 1822 – 4 May 1906) was a United States Navy rear admiral. He served as commander of the Pacific Squadron from 1883 to 1884. During the American Civil War, he commanded three Union Navy vessels.
Hughes was born in Elmira, New York. On 20 October 1838, he was appointed as an acting midshipman from New York state by U.S. Congressman Hiram Gray. From January 1839 to November 1841, Hughes served aboard Commodore Alexander Claxton's flagship USS Constitution in the Pacific Squadron. From February to Autumn 1842, he was assigned to the schooner USS Boxer in the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies.
From January to June 1843, Hughes served aboard the receiving ship USS Pennsylvania at the Norfolk Navy Yard. He was then assigned to the frigate USS Macedonian in the Africa Squadron until Winter 1844. On 28 May 1844, Hughes was promoted to passed midshipman. From Fall 1845 to Spring 1846, he served aboard the frigate USS Columbia along the coast of Brazil.
In Summer 1846, Hughes was assigned to the Office of Coast Survey. From Autumn 1846 to Summer 1848, he served aboard the steamer USS Michigan on the Great Lakes. From Autumn 1849 to Summer 1850, Hughes was assigned to the receiving ship USS North Carolina at the New York Navy Yard. Promoted to acting master, he served aboard the sloop-of-war USS Albany in the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies for twenty-five months until Autumn 1852.
From Winter 1882 to Summer 1853, Hughes was assigned to the receiving ship USS Ontario at the Baltimore Navy Yard. While there, he was promoted to master. After a leave of absence, Hughes was promoted to lieutenant in August 1853. From December 1853 to August 1856, he served aboard the sloop-of-war USS Decatur in the Pacific Squadron. On 26 January 1856 under the leadership of Commander Guert Gansevoort, Hughes went ashore with seamen and marines at Seattle, Washington Territory to help repel an Indian attack on the settlers during the Puget Sound War.
From Winter 1856 to Autumn 1857, Hughes served as executive officer on the receiving ship USS Allegheny at the Baltimore Navy Yard. He then served as a lieutenant and the executive officer on the stores ship USS Supply in the Brazil and Africa Squadrons until Autumn 1858. After a one-month leave, Hughes returned to the Allegheny at Baltimore as a lieutenant until June 1859. He next served aboard the screw frigate USS San Jacinto until January 1860 as the second lieutenant, the executive officer and, for about six weeks, as the commanding officer.
As part of the Africa Squadron, Hughes was transferred to the sloop-of-war USS Portsmouth as the executive officer until June 1860. Returning to the San Jacinto, he led the boarding party during the capture of the slave ship Storm King on 8 August 1860. As prize-master, Hughes sailed the brig to Monrovia, Liberia where the 619 freed Africans were turned over to Rev. John Seys, the U.S. government agent there. He then sailed her to Norfolk, Virginia, where she was sold at auction for $3,500.
From December 1860 to April 1861, Hughes was assigned to the receiving ship USS Princeton at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. After the outbreak of the Civil War, he was reassigned to the improvised man-of-war USS Ice Boat (formerly the Philadelphia city iceboat) under the command of Commander Oliver S. Glisson. From May to October 1861, Hughes was assigned to the paddle frigate USS Mississippi in the Gulf Squadron as the second lieutenant and the executive officer. He was then given command of the steamer USS Water Witch in the Gulf Squadron until April 1862. In November 1861, Hughes attacked a grounded Confederate schooner while under fire from the guns of Fort Morgan, Alabama. In May 1862, he was reassigned as commanding officer of the gunboat USS Mohawk in the South Atlantic Squadron after having sailed the Water Witch north for repairs.
Hughes was promoted to lieutenant commander effective 16 July 1862. On 9 November 1862, he supported a Union Army landing at St. Marys, Georgia to obtain lumber. After receiving gunfire from the Confederate garrison, Mohawk bombarded the town and forced the rebels to withdraw. On 16 November 1862, Hughes was promoted to commander. In June 1863, he was reassigned as commanding officer of the gunboat USS Cimarron in the South Atlantic Squadron. On 17 August 1863, Cimarron participated in an attack on the fortifications at Charleston, South Carolina.
In October 1864, Hughes was detached from the Cimarron to serve as ordnance officer for the Mississippi Squadron on the staff of acting Rear Adm. S. P. Lee until February 1865. He then served as the executive officer of the Mound City Naval Station in Illinois until February 1866. In April 1866, Hughes was assigned as a member of the Naval General Court Martial at Philadelphia, serving until June 1866. In August 1866, he was reassigned as lighthouse inspector for the Sixth Lighthouse District based at Charleston, South Carolina until August 1868.
On 10 February 1869, Hughes was promoted to captain. In 1870, he was given command of the receiving ship USS Ohio at the Boston Navy Yard. From 1872 to 1874, Hughes served as commanding officer of the screw steamer USS Pensacola in the Pacific Squadron.
On 4 February 1875, Hughes was promoted to commodore. From 1877 to 1878, he served as commandant of the Port Royal Naval Station on Parris Island in South Carolina. From 1879 to 1882, Hughes was commandant of the Norfolk Navy Yard.
On 2 July 1882, Hughes was promoted to rear admiral. From 1883 to 1884, he commanded the Pacific Squadron. His flagship was the USS Hartford. Hughes retired from active duty on 31 March 1884, having reached the mandatory retirement age of sixty-two.
Hughes was a companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.
Hughes was the son of John Hughes, who was born in Ireland, and Anna (Konkle) Hughes. His uncle, Aaron Konkle, was an attorney in Elmira, New York. His older brother, George Wurtz Hughes, was a civil engineer, U.S. Army officer and U.S. Congressman from Maryland.
Hughes married Anna "Annie" Humphreys (15 September 1823 – 6 August 1856). They had two daughters, one of whom died in infancy. After his wife's death, he married Marion D. Whelden (2 February 1838 – 11 March 1906).
Hughes died at his home in Washington, D.C. two months after his second wife. He was survived by three daughters and two sons. Hughes and his second wife are buried at Arlington National Cemetery. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Aaron Konkle Hughes (31 March 1822 – 4 May 1906) was a United States Navy rear admiral. He served as commander of the Pacific Squadron from 1883 to 1884. During the American Civil War, he commanded three Union Navy vessels.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Hughes was born in Elmira, New York. On 20 October 1838, he was appointed as an acting midshipman from New York state by U.S. Congressman Hiram Gray. From January 1839 to November 1841, Hughes served aboard Commodore Alexander Claxton's flagship USS Constitution in the Pacific Squadron. From February to Autumn 1842, he was assigned to the schooner USS Boxer in the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "From January to June 1843, Hughes served aboard the receiving ship USS Pennsylvania at the Norfolk Navy Yard. He was then assigned to the frigate USS Macedonian in the Africa Squadron until Winter 1844. On 28 May 1844, Hughes was promoted to passed midshipman. From Fall 1845 to Spring 1846, he served aboard the frigate USS Columbia along the coast of Brazil.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In Summer 1846, Hughes was assigned to the Office of Coast Survey. From Autumn 1846 to Summer 1848, he served aboard the steamer USS Michigan on the Great Lakes. From Autumn 1849 to Summer 1850, Hughes was assigned to the receiving ship USS North Carolina at the New York Navy Yard. Promoted to acting master, he served aboard the sloop-of-war USS Albany in the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies for twenty-five months until Autumn 1852.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "From Winter 1882 to Summer 1853, Hughes was assigned to the receiving ship USS Ontario at the Baltimore Navy Yard. While there, he was promoted to master. After a leave of absence, Hughes was promoted to lieutenant in August 1853. From December 1853 to August 1856, he served aboard the sloop-of-war USS Decatur in the Pacific Squadron. On 26 January 1856 under the leadership of Commander Guert Gansevoort, Hughes went ashore with seamen and marines at Seattle, Washington Territory to help repel an Indian attack on the settlers during the Puget Sound War.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "From Winter 1856 to Autumn 1857, Hughes served as executive officer on the receiving ship USS Allegheny at the Baltimore Navy Yard. He then served as a lieutenant and the executive officer on the stores ship USS Supply in the Brazil and Africa Squadrons until Autumn 1858. After a one-month leave, Hughes returned to the Allegheny at Baltimore as a lieutenant until June 1859. He next served aboard the screw frigate USS San Jacinto until January 1860 as the second lieutenant, the executive officer and, for about six weeks, as the commanding officer.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "As part of the Africa Squadron, Hughes was transferred to the sloop-of-war USS Portsmouth as the executive officer until June 1860. Returning to the San Jacinto, he led the boarding party during the capture of the slave ship Storm King on 8 August 1860. As prize-master, Hughes sailed the brig to Monrovia, Liberia where the 619 freed Africans were turned over to Rev. John Seys, the U.S. government agent there. He then sailed her to Norfolk, Virginia, where she was sold at auction for $3,500.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "From December 1860 to April 1861, Hughes was assigned to the receiving ship USS Princeton at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. After the outbreak of the Civil War, he was reassigned to the improvised man-of-war USS Ice Boat (formerly the Philadelphia city iceboat) under the command of Commander Oliver S. Glisson. From May to October 1861, Hughes was assigned to the paddle frigate USS Mississippi in the Gulf Squadron as the second lieutenant and the executive officer. He was then given command of the steamer USS Water Witch in the Gulf Squadron until April 1862. In November 1861, Hughes attacked a grounded Confederate schooner while under fire from the guns of Fort Morgan, Alabama. In May 1862, he was reassigned as commanding officer of the gunboat USS Mohawk in the South Atlantic Squadron after having sailed the Water Witch north for repairs.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Hughes was promoted to lieutenant commander effective 16 July 1862. On 9 November 1862, he supported a Union Army landing at St. Marys, Georgia to obtain lumber. After receiving gunfire from the Confederate garrison, Mohawk bombarded the town and forced the rebels to withdraw. On 16 November 1862, Hughes was promoted to commander. In June 1863, he was reassigned as commanding officer of the gunboat USS Cimarron in the South Atlantic Squadron. On 17 August 1863, Cimarron participated in an attack on the fortifications at Charleston, South Carolina.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In October 1864, Hughes was detached from the Cimarron to serve as ordnance officer for the Mississippi Squadron on the staff of acting Rear Adm. S. P. Lee until February 1865. He then served as the executive officer of the Mound City Naval Station in Illinois until February 1866. In April 1866, Hughes was assigned as a member of the Naval General Court Martial at Philadelphia, serving until June 1866. In August 1866, he was reassigned as lighthouse inspector for the Sixth Lighthouse District based at Charleston, South Carolina until August 1868.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "On 10 February 1869, Hughes was promoted to captain. In 1870, he was given command of the receiving ship USS Ohio at the Boston Navy Yard. From 1872 to 1874, Hughes served as commanding officer of the screw steamer USS Pensacola in the Pacific Squadron.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "On 4 February 1875, Hughes was promoted to commodore. From 1877 to 1878, he served as commandant of the Port Royal Naval Station on Parris Island in South Carolina. From 1879 to 1882, Hughes was commandant of the Norfolk Navy Yard.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "On 2 July 1882, Hughes was promoted to rear admiral. From 1883 to 1884, he commanded the Pacific Squadron. His flagship was the USS Hartford. Hughes retired from active duty on 31 March 1884, having reached the mandatory retirement age of sixty-two.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Hughes was a companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Hughes was the son of John Hughes, who was born in Ireland, and Anna (Konkle) Hughes. His uncle, Aaron Konkle, was an attorney in Elmira, New York. His older brother, George Wurtz Hughes, was a civil engineer, U.S. Army officer and U.S. Congressman from Maryland.",
"title": "Personal"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Hughes married Anna \"Annie\" Humphreys (15 September 1823 – 6 August 1856). They had two daughters, one of whom died in infancy. After his wife's death, he married Marion D. Whelden (2 February 1838 – 11 March 1906).",
"title": "Personal"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Hughes died at his home in Washington, D.C. two months after his second wife. He was survived by three daughters and two sons. Hughes and his second wife are buried at Arlington National Cemetery.",
"title": "Personal"
}
] | Aaron Konkle Hughes was a United States Navy rear admiral. He served as commander of the Pacific Squadron from 1883 to 1884. During the American Civil War, he commanded three Union Navy vessels. | 2023-12-16T17:54:23Z | 2023-12-17T14:02:52Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_K._Hughes |
75,579,628 | Abdullah Khaffagi | Sheikh Abdullah Khaffagi (baptismal name: Sam Yuhana bar Bihram ࡎࡀࡌ ࡉࡅࡄࡀࡍࡀ ࡁࡓ ࡁࡉࡄࡓࡀࡌ; Persian: عبدالله خفاجی; Arabic: عبدالله الخفاجي; born c. 1880; died 1975, Ahvaz) was a Mandaean priest from Ahvaz, Iran. He is a grandson of Ganzibra Ram Zihrun.
Abdullah Khaffagi was born c. 1880 into the Khaffagi (written Mandaic: Kupašia) family. He was the 16th priest in an unbroken lineage of Mandaean priests dating back to the 15th century.
Sheikh Abdullah Khaffagi's daughter Šarat (Sharat) married Rishama Abdullah bar Negm, who is the son of his cousin Ganzibra Negm bar Zahroon.
Abdullah Khaffagi was known for his large collection of Mandaic texts. He died in Ahvaz in 1975 when he was about 95 years old. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sheikh Abdullah Khaffagi (baptismal name: Sam Yuhana bar Bihram ࡎࡀࡌ ࡉࡅࡄࡀࡍࡀ ࡁࡓ ࡁࡉࡄࡓࡀࡌ; Persian: عبدالله خفاجی; Arabic: عبدالله الخفاجي; born c. 1880; died 1975, Ahvaz) was a Mandaean priest from Ahvaz, Iran. He is a grandson of Ganzibra Ram Zihrun.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Abdullah Khaffagi was born c. 1880 into the Khaffagi (written Mandaic: Kupašia) family. He was the 16th priest in an unbroken lineage of Mandaean priests dating back to the 15th century.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Sheikh Abdullah Khaffagi's daughter Šarat (Sharat) married Rishama Abdullah bar Negm, who is the son of his cousin Ganzibra Negm bar Zahroon.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Abdullah Khaffagi was known for his large collection of Mandaic texts. He died in Ahvaz in 1975 when he was about 95 years old.",
"title": "Life"
}
] | Sheikh Abdullah Khaffagi was a Mandaean priest from Ahvaz, Iran. He is a grandson of Ganzibra Ram Zihrun. | 2023-12-16T17:59:00Z | 2023-12-29T17:53:23Z | [
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75,579,634 | 1943: Kappaleriya Thamizhan | 1943: Kappaleriya Thamizhan (1943: கப்பலேறிய தமிழன்) also known as 1943 is a 2023 Singapore Tamil-language Historical television series, starring Jaynesh Isuran, Dhivyah Raveen, Apple Chan, Tharakshi, Lingam, Iliyash and Richard Low. The story revolves around Kannan (Jaynesh Isuran), who's determined to fight for his rights, but faces intense pursuit.
It is written and directed by K.S.I.Sundar and produced by AG Sahabinah, Vijay Balaji and KG Kumar under the banner of Perfectimage00 Entertainment. It started airing on Mediacorp Vasantham from 29 November 2023 on Monday to Thursday at 21:00 and streams on mewatch. The show is claimed to be the one of the highest budget series on Singapore Tamil television.
1943: Kappaleriya Thamizhan tells the story of Kannan (Jaynesh Isuran) has devoted himself to the cause of India's freedom from the British Raj. A fictional love story set in a factual periodic backdrop.
A story of a patriotic Indian Tamil young man Kannan, who flees to Singapore, only to get himself entangled not just with the war on independence for India from Singapore, but also fights the battle within himself before deciding to whom his heart truly belongs.
Actor Jaynesh Isuran was cast as Karmegam Kannan, who is fighting against British Raj. Actor Richard Low plays a Japanese general who plans the Sook Ching operation during the Japanese occupation, Who is involved in the killing of Tamizharasi's family and friends during the massacre. Apple Chan cast as The General's daughter Grace. This is making Richard Low and Apple Chan performing their first role in Tamil television.
Dhivyah Raveen was cast as Tamizharasi, who is justifying her quest for retribution as a fight against oppression. Bakasuran film fame Tharakshi plays the role of Seetha, who loves Kannan one-sidedly.
The first schedule of filming was held in Tamil Nadu. Scenes that took place in Karaikudi on 19 June and Chennai were shot on location. The second schedule of filming was held in Malaysia.
It was written by lyricist Vairamuthu, composed by the music director Deva. The title song of the serial is sung by the Playback Singer Ananthu. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "1943: Kappaleriya Thamizhan (1943: கப்பலேறிய தமிழன்) also known as 1943 is a 2023 Singapore Tamil-language Historical television series, starring Jaynesh Isuran, Dhivyah Raveen, Apple Chan, Tharakshi, Lingam, Iliyash and Richard Low. The story revolves around Kannan (Jaynesh Isuran), who's determined to fight for his rights, but faces intense pursuit.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It is written and directed by K.S.I.Sundar and produced by AG Sahabinah, Vijay Balaji and KG Kumar under the banner of Perfectimage00 Entertainment. It started airing on Mediacorp Vasantham from 29 November 2023 on Monday to Thursday at 21:00 and streams on mewatch. The show is claimed to be the one of the highest budget series on Singapore Tamil television.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "1943: Kappaleriya Thamizhan tells the story of Kannan (Jaynesh Isuran) has devoted himself to the cause of India's freedom from the British Raj. A fictional love story set in a factual periodic backdrop.",
"title": "Premise"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "A story of a patriotic Indian Tamil young man Kannan, who flees to Singapore, only to get himself entangled not just with the war on independence for India from Singapore, but also fights the battle within himself before deciding to whom his heart truly belongs.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Actor Jaynesh Isuran was cast as Karmegam Kannan, who is fighting against British Raj. Actor Richard Low plays a Japanese general who plans the Sook Ching operation during the Japanese occupation, Who is involved in the killing of Tamizharasi's family and friends during the massacre. Apple Chan cast as The General's daughter Grace. This is making Richard Low and Apple Chan performing their first role in Tamil television.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Dhivyah Raveen was cast as Tamizharasi, who is justifying her quest for retribution as a fight against oppression. Bakasuran film fame Tharakshi plays the role of Seetha, who loves Kannan one-sidedly.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The first schedule of filming was held in Tamil Nadu. Scenes that took place in Karaikudi on 19 June and Chennai were shot on location. The second schedule of filming was held in Malaysia.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "It was written by lyricist Vairamuthu, composed by the music director Deva. The title song of the serial is sung by the Playback Singer Ananthu.",
"title": "Original Soundtrack"
}
] | 1943: Kappaleriya Thamizhan also known as 1943 is a 2023 Singapore Tamil-language Historical television series, starring Jaynesh Isuran, Dhivyah Raveen, Apple Chan, Tharakshi, Lingam, Iliyash and Richard Low. The story revolves around Kannan, who's determined to fight for his rights, but faces intense pursuit. It is written and directed by K.S.I.Sundar and produced by AG Sahabinah, Vijay Balaji and KG Kumar under the banner of Perfectimage00 Entertainment. It started airing on Mediacorp Vasantham from 29 November 2023 on Monday to Thursday at 21:00 and streams on mewatch. The show is claimed to be the one of the highest budget series on Singapore Tamil television. | 2023-12-16T17:59:56Z | 2023-12-27T12:51:15Z | [
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75,579,636 | W. Sheffield Cowles | William Sheffield Cowles (October 6, 1898 – May 2, 1986) was an American politician. He served as a Republican member of the Connecticut House of Representatives.
Cowles was born in New York City and was a nephew of President Theodore Roosevelt. He attended Yale University. He saw service in both World War I and World War II, the first in the Marines the second in the Navy.
Cowles served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from 1948 to 1956.
Cowles died May 2, 1986 at his family's home in Farmington, Connecticut, at the age of 87. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "William Sheffield Cowles (October 6, 1898 – May 2, 1986) was an American politician. He served as a Republican member of the Connecticut House of Representatives.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Cowles was born in New York City and was a nephew of President Theodore Roosevelt. He attended Yale University. He saw service in both World War I and World War II, the first in the Marines the second in the Navy.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Cowles served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from 1948 to 1956.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Cowles died May 2, 1986 at his family's home in Farmington, Connecticut, at the age of 87.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | William Sheffield Cowles was an American politician. He served as a Republican member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. | 2023-12-16T18:00:16Z | 2023-12-16T18:57:45Z | [
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75,579,639 | Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 400 metres T47 | The men's T47 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
All times shown are in seconds.
The results were as follows: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The men's T47 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:",
"title": "Records"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "All times shown are in seconds.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
}
] | The men's T47 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile. | 2023-12-16T18:00:21Z | 2023-12-29T23:06:47Z | [
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75,579,647 | Synkivka | Synkivka (Ukrainian: Синьківка, Russian: Синьковка, romanized: Sinkovka) is a village in Kupiansk Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. During the first days of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the village was captured by Russian forces in their initial advance into the nation. After the successful 2022 Ukrainian eastern counteroffensive in September, however, the village returned to Ukrainian control.
On 16 February 2023, Russian forces recaptured the village Lyman Pershyi to the north, making Synkivka a frontline settlement. Since then, three local Russian offensives aimed at recapturing the village have taken place in August, November, and December. Each of the assaults have proved to be unsuccessful, but consistent shelling has depopulated the village to where it no longer has any civilian population as of September 2023.
The village is separated 3 km (1.9 mi) from the left bank of the Oskil river by a pine forest. The closest village to the settlement, Lyman Pershyi is located 2 km (1.2 mi) upstream. The Synkivka station [uk] is located on the right of the village, connecting the village to the larger rail lines nearby.
According to the 2001 census, the village had a population of 392 people.
On 12 June 2020; Decree No. 725-r of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine placed the village in the administration of the Petropavlivka rural hromada [uk], and on 17 July became part of the redistricted Kupiansk Raion as a result of the administrative-territorial reform.
At the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Synkivka was occupied by Russian forces during their initial advance into the nation. In September 2022, the village was retaken by Ukraine after their successful 2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive, which pushed Russian forces past the Oskil river in the area bordering the village. This advance was further supported by an update to DeepStateMap.Live on 20 November claiming the same thing.
The situation later changed after the Russian recapture of Lyman Pershyi on 16 February 2023, the result of which made the village a frontline settlement. In August, the first localized Russian offensive took place with the aim of recapturing the village. The attacks would culminate on 20 August after a Russian post on Telegram announced their recapture of the village, providing video of a Russian convey supposedly driving through the village to support their claims. The Ukrainian Armed Forces immediately dismissed the claims, and the following day, the footage of the Russian convoy was geolocated and debunked as being from Voronove, Luhansk Oblast in 2014. According to another Telegram post supported by previous Russian claims: the assaults on the village would end after Russian forces lost an estimated 150 infantry, "two T-72 tanks, three armored vehicles, a D-30 howitzer, a mortar, and a command and observation post."
Russian attacks and shelling continued intermittently on the village in September and October, leading Ukraine to evacuate the final five residents from the village on 29 September 2023.
From middle to late November, the second Russian localized assault on the village took place. Beginning with shelling, four Russian assaults took place on or near the village on 17 November. On 26 November, head of public relations of the Ukrainian Ground Forces Volodymyr Fitio claimed that 758 artillery strikes had been carried out by Russian forces on or near the village during the assaults. Fitio further claimed, though, that no strategic success was made by Russian forces during the assaults, and that they had lost a further 158 infantry and 39 pieces of military equipment in their attempts to recapture the village.
From middle to late December, a third localized Russian assault took place on the village. On 11 December, commander of the Ukrainian Ground Forces Oleksandr Syrskyi announced on Telegram that multiple Russian assault companies had been used in the past days to try to recapture the village, but that severe losses had forced them to call up reserves to continue the assaults. On 15 December, this claim was supported by combat footage of a Russian armored assault group consisting of at least nine armored vehicles with infantry on the outskirts of the village being attacked by Ukrainian forces, resulting in the loss of five of the Russian vehicles. On 16 December, the General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces reported that a further 11 Russian assaults on the village had been repelled.
Nearby settlements | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Synkivka (Ukrainian: Синьківка, Russian: Синьковка, romanized: Sinkovka) is a village in Kupiansk Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. During the first days of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the village was captured by Russian forces in their initial advance into the nation. After the successful 2022 Ukrainian eastern counteroffensive in September, however, the village returned to Ukrainian control.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On 16 February 2023, Russian forces recaptured the village Lyman Pershyi to the north, making Synkivka a frontline settlement. Since then, three local Russian offensives aimed at recapturing the village have taken place in August, November, and December. Each of the assaults have proved to be unsuccessful, but consistent shelling has depopulated the village to where it no longer has any civilian population as of September 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The village is separated 3 km (1.9 mi) from the left bank of the Oskil river by a pine forest. The closest village to the settlement, Lyman Pershyi is located 2 km (1.2 mi) upstream. The Synkivka station [uk] is located on the right of the village, connecting the village to the larger rail lines nearby.",
"title": "Geography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "According to the 2001 census, the village had a population of 392 people.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On 12 June 2020; Decree No. 725-r of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine placed the village in the administration of the Petropavlivka rural hromada [uk], and on 17 July became part of the redistricted Kupiansk Raion as a result of the administrative-territorial reform.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "At the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Synkivka was occupied by Russian forces during their initial advance into the nation. In September 2022, the village was retaken by Ukraine after their successful 2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive, which pushed Russian forces past the Oskil river in the area bordering the village. This advance was further supported by an update to DeepStateMap.Live on 20 November claiming the same thing.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The situation later changed after the Russian recapture of Lyman Pershyi on 16 February 2023, the result of which made the village a frontline settlement. In August, the first localized Russian offensive took place with the aim of recapturing the village. The attacks would culminate on 20 August after a Russian post on Telegram announced their recapture of the village, providing video of a Russian convey supposedly driving through the village to support their claims. The Ukrainian Armed Forces immediately dismissed the claims, and the following day, the footage of the Russian convoy was geolocated and debunked as being from Voronove, Luhansk Oblast in 2014. According to another Telegram post supported by previous Russian claims: the assaults on the village would end after Russian forces lost an estimated 150 infantry, \"two T-72 tanks, three armored vehicles, a D-30 howitzer, a mortar, and a command and observation post.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Russian attacks and shelling continued intermittently on the village in September and October, leading Ukraine to evacuate the final five residents from the village on 29 September 2023.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "From middle to late November, the second Russian localized assault on the village took place. Beginning with shelling, four Russian assaults took place on or near the village on 17 November. On 26 November, head of public relations of the Ukrainian Ground Forces Volodymyr Fitio claimed that 758 artillery strikes had been carried out by Russian forces on or near the village during the assaults. Fitio further claimed, though, that no strategic success was made by Russian forces during the assaults, and that they had lost a further 158 infantry and 39 pieces of military equipment in their attempts to recapture the village.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "From middle to late December, a third localized Russian assault took place on the village. On 11 December, commander of the Ukrainian Ground Forces Oleksandr Syrskyi announced on Telegram that multiple Russian assault companies had been used in the past days to try to recapture the village, but that severe losses had forced them to call up reserves to continue the assaults. On 15 December, this claim was supported by combat footage of a Russian armored assault group consisting of at least nine armored vehicles with infantry on the outskirts of the village being attacked by Ukrainian forces, resulting in the loss of five of the Russian vehicles. On 16 December, the General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces reported that a further 11 Russian assaults on the village had been repelled.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Nearby settlements",
"title": "See also"
}
] | Synkivka is a village in Kupiansk Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. During the first days of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the village was captured by Russian forces in their initial advance into the nation. After the successful 2022 Ukrainian eastern counteroffensive in September, however, the village returned to Ukrainian control. On 16 February 2023, Russian forces recaptured the village Lyman Pershyi to the north, making Synkivka a frontline settlement. Since then, three local Russian offensives aimed at recapturing the village have taken place in August, November, and December. Each of the assaults have proved to be unsuccessful, but consistent shelling has depopulated the village to where it no longer has any civilian population as of September 2023. | 2023-12-16T18:01:39Z | 2023-12-20T02:48:26Z | [
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75,579,656 | Talentia Network | The Talentia Network is an associative professional platform promoted by the Foral Government of Biscay to unite highly qualified professionals in the innovation and knowledge through a professional network, with the professional collaboration of different entities, companies or universities.
It was created in 2013 by the Department of Economic Promotion of the Foral Government of Biscay, a department headed by Imanol Pradales at that time, and it was later expanded in 2015 with different collaboration agreements with international companies, universities and other entities.
In 2013, the Foral Government of Biscay created the Talentia Network, as a meeting and work point for young students and future professionals. The objective of this project was to "enhance the qualities of talented young people from the territory and, with them, Biscay also grows". In 2013, the network had 500 members, young students who had taken part in the four editions of the Talentia Programme" and "Talent pro Bizkaia". The first meeting was held in the auditorium of the Bilbao Exhibition Centre (BEC), in which more than a hundred members of the network came to the BEC auditorium to map, debate and imagine the present and future of Biscay. The head of government (General Deputy) José Luis Bilbao and the Deputy for Economic Promotion Imanol Pradales participated. As declared by head of government José Luis Bilbao: "We want to take into account the talented professionals to build the future of all Biscayans".
Little by little, the talentia network was completed with students and participants of the "Talentia Skills", "Talentia Programme" and "Talentia Challenge" programmes. In this way, the Bizkaia Talent agency selects students with the best university academic record and career (in each university degree) to carry out the Talentia Programme and once completed they become part of the Talentia Network. In addition, those students who had been admitted to one of the Bizkaia Talent scholarship programmes also become part of the network. With all this, the Talentia professional network was formed, as a meeting point and professional work.
The objective of the network is the management of professional talent and the retention of highly qualified professionals. Especially in 2013, the so-called "brain drain" was greater than ever, so this network was established as a tool for talent to stay at home. Within the network, selected students are offered training, networking, business meetings, scholarship programmes, professional tutors,...
When it was created in 2013, the talentia network had barely 500 members. In 2019, the network had 1,500 members. As of December 31, 2021, the network had 2,100 members. All of them are highly qualified professionals with an excellent professional career in their respective fields. All of them were students selected by Bizkaia Talent and who had participated in one of the Talentia programmes.
In 2015, the Foral Government of Biscay in collaboration with the Bizkaia Talent agency expanded the network internationally with the "Be Basque Talent Network" project. The initiative sought to highlight professional talent around the world and ensure that highly qualified professionals with links to Biscay and Euskadi did not lose contact with the territory. As declared by Deputy General Unai Rementeria: "a network formed by human capital present in unimaginable places: in the UN, in the World Bank, in leading multinationals...".
The objective of this project of 2015 is to connect international professionals who have some connection with Biscay and the Basque Country, and who are around the world, thus creating a large network of highly qualified professionals around the world. This network also joins the Talentia Network, thus forming a large professional network. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Talentia Network is an associative professional platform promoted by the Foral Government of Biscay to unite highly qualified professionals in the innovation and knowledge through a professional network, with the professional collaboration of different entities, companies or universities.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It was created in 2013 by the Department of Economic Promotion of the Foral Government of Biscay, a department headed by Imanol Pradales at that time, and it was later expanded in 2015 with different collaboration agreements with international companies, universities and other entities.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2013, the Foral Government of Biscay created the Talentia Network, as a meeting and work point for young students and future professionals. The objective of this project was to \"enhance the qualities of talented young people from the territory and, with them, Biscay also grows\". In 2013, the network had 500 members, young students who had taken part in the four editions of the Talentia Programme\" and \"Talent pro Bizkaia\". The first meeting was held in the auditorium of the Bilbao Exhibition Centre (BEC), in which more than a hundred members of the network came to the BEC auditorium to map, debate and imagine the present and future of Biscay. The head of government (General Deputy) José Luis Bilbao and the Deputy for Economic Promotion Imanol Pradales participated. As declared by head of government José Luis Bilbao: \"We want to take into account the talented professionals to build the future of all Biscayans\".",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Little by little, the talentia network was completed with students and participants of the \"Talentia Skills\", \"Talentia Programme\" and \"Talentia Challenge\" programmes. In this way, the Bizkaia Talent agency selects students with the best university academic record and career (in each university degree) to carry out the Talentia Programme and once completed they become part of the Talentia Network. In addition, those students who had been admitted to one of the Bizkaia Talent scholarship programmes also become part of the network. With all this, the Talentia professional network was formed, as a meeting point and professional work.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The objective of the network is the management of professional talent and the retention of highly qualified professionals. Especially in 2013, the so-called \"brain drain\" was greater than ever, so this network was established as a tool for talent to stay at home. Within the network, selected students are offered training, networking, business meetings, scholarship programmes, professional tutors,...",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "When it was created in 2013, the talentia network had barely 500 members. In 2019, the network had 1,500 members. As of December 31, 2021, the network had 2,100 members. All of them are highly qualified professionals with an excellent professional career in their respective fields. All of them were students selected by Bizkaia Talent and who had participated in one of the Talentia programmes.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 2015, the Foral Government of Biscay in collaboration with the Bizkaia Talent agency expanded the network internationally with the \"Be Basque Talent Network\" project. The initiative sought to highlight professional talent around the world and ensure that highly qualified professionals with links to Biscay and Euskadi did not lose contact with the territory. As declared by Deputy General Unai Rementeria: \"a network formed by human capital present in unimaginable places: in the UN, in the World Bank, in leading multinationals...\".",
"title": "The \"Be Basque Talent Network\" initiative (2015)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The objective of this project of 2015 is to connect international professionals who have some connection with Biscay and the Basque Country, and who are around the world, thus creating a large network of highly qualified professionals around the world. This network also joins the Talentia Network, thus forming a large professional network.",
"title": "The \"Be Basque Talent Network\" initiative (2015)"
}
] | The Talentia Network is an associative professional platform promoted by the Foral Government of Biscay to unite highly qualified professionals in the innovation and knowledge through a professional network, with the professional collaboration of different entities, companies or universities. It was created in 2013 by the Department of Economic Promotion of the Foral Government of Biscay, a department headed by Imanol Pradales at that time, and it was later expanded in 2015 with different collaboration agreements with international companies, universities and other entities. | 2023-12-16T18:02:18Z | 2023-12-25T23:20:22Z | [
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75,579,665 | Marten Micron | Marten Micron (1523 – 13 September 1559), also known as Martin Micron and Marten Micronius, was a Dutch theologian.
He was born in Ghent and studied theology in Basel and Zürich. He served a pastor of the Dutch Church, Austin Friars in London from 1550 to 1553 and then the Dutch Reformed congregation in Norden, Lower Saxony from 1554 to 1559. | [
{
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"text": "Marten Micron (1523 – 13 September 1559), also known as Martin Micron and Marten Micronius, was a Dutch theologian.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He was born in Ghent and studied theology in Basel and Zürich. He served a pastor of the Dutch Church, Austin Friars in London from 1550 to 1553 and then the Dutch Reformed congregation in Norden, Lower Saxony from 1554 to 1559.",
"title": ""
}
] | Marten Micron, also known as Martin Micron and Marten Micronius, was a Dutch theologian. He was born in Ghent and studied theology in Basel and Zürich. He served a pastor of the Dutch Church, Austin Friars in London from 1550 to 1553 and then the Dutch Reformed congregation in Norden, Lower Saxony from 1554 to 1559. | 2023-12-16T18:03:28Z | 2023-12-16T20:54:14Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marten_Micron |
75,579,676 | List of Pennsylvania state forest natural areas | The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States includes 58 natural areas in its State Forest system. They are managed by the Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry, a division of the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.
The Commonwealth describes a natural area as a location with "scenic, historic, geologic or ecological significance, which will remain in an undisturbed state, with development and maintenance being limited to that required for health and safety. Natural areas are set aside to provide locations for scientific observation of natural systems, to protect examples of typical and unique plant and animal communities, and to protect outstanding examples of natural interest and beauty." Many such areas are only accessible on foot, and several do not have any maintained hiking trails.
This list does not include additional natural areas that are protected within the Pennsylvania State Park system. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States includes 58 natural areas in its State Forest system. They are managed by the Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry, a division of the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Commonwealth describes a natural area as a location with \"scenic, historic, geologic or ecological significance, which will remain in an undisturbed state, with development and maintenance being limited to that required for health and safety. Natural areas are set aside to provide locations for scientific observation of natural systems, to protect examples of typical and unique plant and animal communities, and to protect outstanding examples of natural interest and beauty.\" Many such areas are only accessible on foot, and several do not have any maintained hiking trails.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "This list does not include additional natural areas that are protected within the Pennsylvania State Park system.",
"title": ""
}
] | The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States includes 58 natural areas in its State Forest system. They are managed by the Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry, a division of the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. The Commonwealth describes a natural area as a location with "scenic, historic, geologic or ecological significance, which will remain in an undisturbed state, with development and maintenance being limited to that required for health and safety. Natural areas are set aside to provide locations for scientific observation of natural systems, to protect examples of typical and unique plant and animal communities, and to protect outstanding examples of natural interest and beauty." Many such areas are only accessible on foot, and several do not have any maintained hiking trails. This list does not include additional natural areas that are protected within the Pennsylvania State Park system. | 2023-12-16T18:04:23Z | 2023-12-16T18:33:39Z | [
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75,579,677 | 2023–24 FK Austria Wien season | The 2023–24 FK Austria Wien season is the club's 113th season in existence and its 79th consecutive season in the top flight of Austrian football. In addition to the domestic league, FK Austria Wien will participate in this season's edition of the Austrian Cup and the UEFA Europa League. The season covers the period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Win Draw Loss Fixtures
Last updated: 9 December 2023 Source: Soccerway
Last updated: November 2023. Source:
The league fixtures were unveiled on 27 June 2023.
The draw for the season's first round took place on 25 June. | [
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"title": "Pre-season and friendlies"
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"title": "Competitions"
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"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Last updated: November 2023. Source:",
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"text": "The league fixtures were unveiled on 27 June 2023.",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The draw for the season's first round took place on 25 June.",
"title": "Competitions"
}
] | The 2023–24 FK Austria Wien season is the club's 113th season in existence and its 79th consecutive season in the top flight of Austrian football. In addition to the domestic league, FK Austria Wien will participate in this season's edition of the Austrian Cup and the UEFA Europa League. The season covers the period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024. | 2023-12-16T18:04:23Z | 2023-12-16T18:04:23Z | [
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75,579,699 | Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 400 metres T52 | The men's T52 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
All times shown are in seconds.
The results were as follows: | [
{
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"text": "The men's T52 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.",
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] | The men's T52 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile. | 2023-12-16T18:06:38Z | 2023-12-29T23:06:22Z | [
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75,579,717 | Marielle Lahti | Karin Marielle Lahti (born 5 February 1969) is a Swedish politician from the Green Party. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Karin Marielle Lahti (born 5 February 1969) is a Swedish politician from the Green Party.",
"title": ""
}
] | Karin Marielle Lahti is a Swedish politician from the Green Party. | 2023-12-16T18:11:42Z | 2023-12-16T21:00:35Z | [
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75,579,723 | Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 400 metres T53 | The men's T53 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 23 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
All times shown are in seconds.
The results were as follows: | [
{
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] | The men's T53 400 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 23 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile. | 2023-12-16T18:13:26Z | 2023-12-29T23:05:48Z | [
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75,579,732 | New Zealand Track Evaluation Carriage | The New Zealand Track Evaluation Carriage is a self-propelled vehicle, usually identified as EM80 or ETM432, and is used in New Zealand to evaluate track conditions. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The New Zealand Track Evaluation Carriage is a self-propelled vehicle, usually identified as EM80 or ETM432, and is used in New Zealand to evaluate track conditions.",
"title": ""
}
] | The New Zealand Track Evaluation Carriage is a self-propelled vehicle, usually identified as EM80 or ETM432, and is used in New Zealand to evaluate track conditions. | 2023-12-16T18:15:32Z | 2023-12-17T06:02:47Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Track_Evaluation_Carriage |
75,579,743 | Michèle Lemieux | Michèle Lemieux (born May 29, 1955) is a Canadian illustrator and animator. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Michèle Lemieux (born May 29, 1955) is a Canadian illustrator and animator.",
"title": ""
}
] | Michèle Lemieux is a Canadian illustrator and animator. | 2023-12-16T18:16:52Z | 2023-12-26T10:09:25Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Lemieux |
75,579,750 | Fallen Star (song) | "Fallen Star" is an Irish country song composed by James Joiner and recorded by Eileen Reid and the Cadets in 1964.
The song was first released, as "A Fallen Star", by Jim Reeves in 1961. It was written by James Joiner.
It was recorded in early 1964 by Eileen Reid and the Cadets, with Jim Murphy's harmonica opening the song. Recording took place at the Silverpines Studio in Bray.
The song reached Number 1 in the Irish Singles Chart on 29 May 1964, equal with Dickie Rock's "I'm Yours". It was the first song by a woman to reach No. 1 in Ireland. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "\"Fallen Star\" is an Irish country song composed by James Joiner and recorded by Eileen Reid and the Cadets in 1964.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "The song was first released, as \"A Fallen Star\", by Jim Reeves in 1961. It was written by James Joiner.",
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},
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},
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"paragraph_id": 4,
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] | "Fallen Star" is an Irish country song composed by James Joiner and recorded by Eileen Reid and the Cadets in 1964. The song was first released, as "A Fallen Star", by Jim Reeves in 1961. It was written by James Joiner. It was recorded in early 1964 by Eileen Reid and the Cadets, with Jim Murphy's harmonica opening the song. Recording took place at the Silverpines Studio in Bray. The song reached Number 1 in the Irish Singles Chart on 29 May 1964, equal with Dickie Rock's "I'm Yours". It was the first song by a woman to reach No. 1 in Ireland. | 2023-12-16T18:18:45Z | 2023-12-26T14:40:57Z | [
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75,579,756 | Victoria Burke | Victoria Burke (born August 28 1987 Greenwich, Connecticut ) is an American rower, and coach.
She graduated from University of Virginia.. At the 2010 World Rowing Championships, she won the silver medal in the Lightweight Women's quadruple sculls.
She won a silver medal in Women's quadruple sculls, at the 2015 Pan American Games.
She coached at University of Virginia, University of California, Los Angeles, University of San Diego, and Southern Methodist University. | [
{
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"text": "Victoria Burke (born August 28 1987 Greenwich, Connecticut ) is an American rower, and coach.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "She graduated from University of Virginia.. At the 2010 World Rowing Championships, she won the silver medal in the Lightweight Women's quadruple sculls.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She won a silver medal in Women's quadruple sculls, at the 2015 Pan American Games.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "She coached at University of Virginia, University of California, Los Angeles, University of San Diego, and Southern Methodist University.",
"title": ""
}
] | Victoria Burke is an American rower, and coach. She graduated from University of Virginia.. At the 2010 World Rowing Championships, she won the silver medal in the Lightweight Women's quadruple sculls. She won a silver medal in Women's quadruple sculls, at the 2015 Pan American Games. She coached at University of Virginia, University of California, Los Angeles, University of San Diego, and Southern Methodist University. | 2023-12-16T18:19:16Z | 2023-12-17T18:58:50Z | [
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Burke |
75,579,761 | Love Drugged | Love Drugged is a 2010 young adult novel by James Klise. The novel follows Jamie Bates, a 15-year-old who is struggling to accept his sexuality. When he hears about Rehomoline, a drug that may suppress same-sex attraction, he is intrigued and begins taking it and doesn't stop even when harmful side effects emerge.
Love Drugged was a 2010 Stonewall Book Award honor book and finalist for the 2011 Lambda Literary Award for Children's and Young Adult Literature.
The author of Love Drugged, James Klise, is gay and a high school librarian who has run his school's gay–straight alliance (GSA). Although his initial works did not center gay characters, he found his stories improved when he included them, given that he was writing from some of his own experiences. Love Drugged was written following reflections of conversations that occurred between students in the GSA.
Love Drugged follows Jamie Bates, a 15-year-old who is struggling to accept that he is gay. He begins dating Celia Gamez and despite his best attempts, he can't handle doing anything more physical with her than a chaste kiss. He also can't force himself to be attracted to her romantically.
When Jamie learns about Rehomoline, a new, untested drug that can suppress same-sex attraction, he is so desperate to try it that he steals doses from Celia's father, who is a pharmaceutical scientist. As Jamie takes the medication, he finds that the drug succeeds in suppressing his attraction for other boys, but it doesn't increase his interest in girls, including Celia. In addition, the drug has some intense side effects, including headaches, tremors, and bloody noses.
When Jamie decides he can no longer handle the side effects, he confesses to Dr. Gamez that he stole the medication. Dr. Gamez informs Jamie that he has been a convenient test subject for the drug, and Jamie realizes how dangerous both the drug and Dr. Gamez are. Later, in an attempt to stop further testing of the drug, Jamie sets fire to Dr. Gamez's lab.
He also comes out to his friends and family, who accept him and his sexuality.
News breaks about Jamie's actions, but the media distorts the story, causing both gay and homophobic activists to protest. Following legal action, Jamie is awarded a million dollars, allowing him and his family to escape poverty.
Kirkus Reviews called Love Drugged "an unfortunate return to early teen gay literature" in which "sexuality is presented as a problem, not a part of an identity". On behalf of School Library Journal, Betty S. Evans similarly noted that "although this novel tries in the end to be positive, it seems to have a 1980s mindset while writing for 21st-century teens".
Conversely, Brody Levesque, writing for LGBTQ Nation, called Love Drugged an "outstanding book", despite his typical annoyance with young adult novels. Levesque highlighted the book's "dark sense of humor" and the way it "gives readers a firsthand look at the pressures closeted gay teens can face and the lengths they might go to in order to conform with what they believe is the norm". Similarly, Lambda Literary's David Purse wrote, "One of the most accomplished aspects of this terrific debut is Klise’s portrayal of the emotions that people go through while being in the closet. The fear, the confusion and indeed the feeling of not really belonging will definitely resonate with readers who are or have been in a similar situation."
Although Levesque considered the plot "believable", School Library Journal's Betty S. Evans claimed otherwise. Michael Cart, writing for Booklist, said it was "sometimes a bit clumsy and melodramatic in its execution". Publishers Weekly agreed that "the drama that ensues is a bit far-fetched and the ending tidy".
Despite potential concerns, Publishers Weekly concluded that "Klise has created an empathetic protagonist [...] and a thoughtful story about identity, sexuality, and learning to accept oneself." Similarly, The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books' April Spisak indicated that "it is impossible not to sympathetize with agonized Jamie". Conversely, Kirkus Reviews noted that "despite the first-person narration, Jamie never develops a personality". Spisak further indicated that "most of the side characters are flat caricatures".
Spisak also noted that the novel's premise felt like a "heavy-handed argument [...] against a drug-dependent American culture", especially given the additional subplot about Jamie's best friend, Wesley, who stops taking his medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Despite potential issues with the novel's writing, however, she concluded that "the debate over a drug that could change sexual orientation is certainly a timely one, and readers seeking a quick read that can open this discussion may find this a useful starting point".
The Horn Book Magazine also reviewed the novel.
In 2011, the American Library Association included Love Drugged on their 2011 Rainbow List. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Love Drugged is a 2010 young adult novel by James Klise. The novel follows Jamie Bates, a 15-year-old who is struggling to accept his sexuality. When he hears about Rehomoline, a drug that may suppress same-sex attraction, he is intrigued and begins taking it and doesn't stop even when harmful side effects emerge.",
"title": ""
},
{
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},
{
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"text": "The author of Love Drugged, James Klise, is gay and a high school librarian who has run his school's gay–straight alliance (GSA). Although his initial works did not center gay characters, he found his stories improved when he included them, given that he was writing from some of his own experiences. Love Drugged was written following reflections of conversations that occurred between students in the GSA.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Love Drugged follows Jamie Bates, a 15-year-old who is struggling to accept that he is gay. He begins dating Celia Gamez and despite his best attempts, he can't handle doing anything more physical with her than a chaste kiss. He also can't force himself to be attracted to her romantically.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "When Jamie learns about Rehomoline, a new, untested drug that can suppress same-sex attraction, he is so desperate to try it that he steals doses from Celia's father, who is a pharmaceutical scientist. As Jamie takes the medication, he finds that the drug succeeds in suppressing his attraction for other boys, but it doesn't increase his interest in girls, including Celia. In addition, the drug has some intense side effects, including headaches, tremors, and bloody noses.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "When Jamie decides he can no longer handle the side effects, he confesses to Dr. Gamez that he stole the medication. Dr. Gamez informs Jamie that he has been a convenient test subject for the drug, and Jamie realizes how dangerous both the drug and Dr. Gamez are. Later, in an attempt to stop further testing of the drug, Jamie sets fire to Dr. Gamez's lab.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "He also comes out to his friends and family, who accept him and his sexuality.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "News breaks about Jamie's actions, but the media distorts the story, causing both gay and homophobic activists to protest. Following legal action, Jamie is awarded a million dollars, allowing him and his family to escape poverty.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Kirkus Reviews called Love Drugged \"an unfortunate return to early teen gay literature\" in which \"sexuality is presented as a problem, not a part of an identity\". On behalf of School Library Journal, Betty S. Evans similarly noted that \"although this novel tries in the end to be positive, it seems to have a 1980s mindset while writing for 21st-century teens\".",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Conversely, Brody Levesque, writing for LGBTQ Nation, called Love Drugged an \"outstanding book\", despite his typical annoyance with young adult novels. Levesque highlighted the book's \"dark sense of humor\" and the way it \"gives readers a firsthand look at the pressures closeted gay teens can face and the lengths they might go to in order to conform with what they believe is the norm\". Similarly, Lambda Literary's David Purse wrote, \"One of the most accomplished aspects of this terrific debut is Klise’s portrayal of the emotions that people go through while being in the closet. The fear, the confusion and indeed the feeling of not really belonging will definitely resonate with readers who are or have been in a similar situation.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Although Levesque considered the plot \"believable\", School Library Journal's Betty S. Evans claimed otherwise. Michael Cart, writing for Booklist, said it was \"sometimes a bit clumsy and melodramatic in its execution\". Publishers Weekly agreed that \"the drama that ensues is a bit far-fetched and the ending tidy\".",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Despite potential concerns, Publishers Weekly concluded that \"Klise has created an empathetic protagonist [...] and a thoughtful story about identity, sexuality, and learning to accept oneself.\" Similarly, The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books' April Spisak indicated that \"it is impossible not to sympathetize with agonized Jamie\". Conversely, Kirkus Reviews noted that \"despite the first-person narration, Jamie never develops a personality\". Spisak further indicated that \"most of the side characters are flat caricatures\".",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Spisak also noted that the novel's premise felt like a \"heavy-handed argument [...] against a drug-dependent American culture\", especially given the additional subplot about Jamie's best friend, Wesley, who stops taking his medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Despite potential issues with the novel's writing, however, she concluded that \"the debate over a drug that could change sexual orientation is certainly a timely one, and readers seeking a quick read that can open this discussion may find this a useful starting point\".",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "The Horn Book Magazine also reviewed the novel.",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In 2011, the American Library Association included Love Drugged on their 2011 Rainbow List.",
"title": "Awards and honors"
}
] | Love Drugged is a 2010 young adult novel by James Klise. The novel follows Jamie Bates, a 15-year-old who is struggling to accept his sexuality. When he hears about Rehomoline, a drug that may suppress same-sex attraction, he is intrigued and begins taking it and doesn't stop even when harmful side effects emerge. Love Drugged was a 2010 Stonewall Book Award honor book and finalist for the 2011 Lambda Literary Award for Children's and Young Adult Literature. | 2023-12-16T18:19:53Z | 2023-12-18T17:21:11Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Drugged |
75,579,785 | Warwick Public Schools (Rhode Island) | Warwick Public Schools (WPS) is the public school district of Warwick, Rhode Island.
In 2019, the district announced that students which had families delinquent with school lunch fees would only be permitted to have sandwiches filled with jelly and nut butter. In response, the company Chobani paid fees of delinquent students, and Hamdi Ulukaya, the head of the company, criticized the policy. The school district ended the sandwich rule. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Warwick Public Schools (WPS) is the public school district of Warwick, Rhode Island.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In 2019, the district announced that students which had families delinquent with school lunch fees would only be permitted to have sandwiches filled with jelly and nut butter. In response, the company Chobani paid fees of delinquent students, and Hamdi Ulukaya, the head of the company, criticized the policy. The school district ended the sandwich rule.",
"title": "History"
}
] | Warwick Public Schools (WPS) is the public school district of Warwick, Rhode Island. | 2023-12-16T18:24:51Z | 2023-12-17T01:24:37Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warwick_Public_Schools_(Rhode_Island) |
75,579,786 | Mikel Jauregizar | Mikel Jauregizar Alboniga (born 13 November 2003) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Athletic Bilbao.
Jauregizar began his senior career with Bermeo in 2018. He moved to Athletic Bilbao's youth academy on 1 April 2021. In 2022, he started playing with their third team Basconia. He was promoted to the second team, Bilbao Athletic, for the 2023–24 season. In October 2023, he began training with the senior Athletic Bilbao squad after injuries to some of their regulars. On 20 November 2023, he extended his contract with the club until 2028.
Jauregizar made his professional debut for Athletic Bilbao as a substitute (replacing his friend and fellow former Bermeo player Unai Gómez) in a 3–0 Copa del Rey win over CD Cayón on 7 December 2023. Nine days later he again came off the bench for his debut in La Liga, a 2–0 home victory over Atlético Madrid. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mikel Jauregizar Alboniga (born 13 November 2003) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Athletic Bilbao.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Jauregizar began his senior career with Bermeo in 2018. He moved to Athletic Bilbao's youth academy on 1 April 2021. In 2022, he started playing with their third team Basconia. He was promoted to the second team, Bilbao Athletic, for the 2023–24 season. In October 2023, he began training with the senior Athletic Bilbao squad after injuries to some of their regulars. On 20 November 2023, he extended his contract with the club until 2028.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Jauregizar made his professional debut for Athletic Bilbao as a substitute (replacing his friend and fellow former Bermeo player Unai Gómez) in a 3–0 Copa del Rey win over CD Cayón on 7 December 2023. Nine days later he again came off the bench for his debut in La Liga, a 2–0 home victory over Atlético Madrid.",
"title": "Club career"
}
] | Mikel Jauregizar Alboniga is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Athletic Bilbao. | 2023-12-16T18:24:55Z | 2023-12-21T04:30:36Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikel_Jauregizar |
75,579,811 | Warwick Public Schools | Warwick Public Schools may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Warwick Public Schools may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | Warwick Public Schools may refer to: Warwick Public Schools
Warwick Public Schools | 2023-12-16T18:27:14Z | 2023-12-16T18:29:20Z | [
"Template:Schooldis"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warwick_Public_Schools |
75,579,840 | Battle of Badajoz (1134) | The Battle of Badajoz was a military engagement between the Almoravids and the raiding party from Castile. The Castilians were soundly defeated.
The nobles of Salamanca, motivated by the victory of Rodrigo González de Lara over the Almoravids at the battle of al-Sharafe, made the decision to raid the area around Badajoz. They raised a sizable army with thousands of soldiers, including champions from Castile. As soon as they arrived, they started destroying everything, carrying out massacres, and capturing livestock and people. When Tasfin bin Ali, the governor of Cordoba, learned of the raid, he organized his army to confront them.
After leaving Seville, Tashfin sent his scouts to find the enemy and pursued them; they eventually met the Castilians east of Badajoz, close to the Sagrajas hills, where Tashfin's grandfather had defeated the Castilians. Tashfin started organizing his troops; he had Zenata berbers in the front, Andalusian forces on the flanks, and Almoravid troops in the center.
Many of the nobility made the decision to flee the battlefield the night before the fight. The fight started early the following day. Following a fierce battle, the Castilians were soundly defeated. Only a small number of the Castilians survived the massacre. The Almoravids took control of the Castilian camp, liberated the prisoners, and took the previously taken loot. March of 1134 was the month of the battle.
Tashfin returned to Cordoba victorious, then to Granada, where he was well received. The Castilians attempted to raid Badajoz in October and June 1136, but both were defeated. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Battle of Badajoz was a military engagement between the Almoravids and the raiding party from Castile. The Castilians were soundly defeated.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The nobles of Salamanca, motivated by the victory of Rodrigo González de Lara over the Almoravids at the battle of al-Sharafe, made the decision to raid the area around Badajoz. They raised a sizable army with thousands of soldiers, including champions from Castile. As soon as they arrived, they started destroying everything, carrying out massacres, and capturing livestock and people. When Tasfin bin Ali, the governor of Cordoba, learned of the raid, he organized his army to confront them.",
"title": "Battle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After leaving Seville, Tashfin sent his scouts to find the enemy and pursued them; they eventually met the Castilians east of Badajoz, close to the Sagrajas hills, where Tashfin's grandfather had defeated the Castilians. Tashfin started organizing his troops; he had Zenata berbers in the front, Andalusian forces on the flanks, and Almoravid troops in the center.",
"title": "Battle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Many of the nobility made the decision to flee the battlefield the night before the fight. The fight started early the following day. Following a fierce battle, the Castilians were soundly defeated. Only a small number of the Castilians survived the massacre. The Almoravids took control of the Castilian camp, liberated the prisoners, and took the previously taken loot. March of 1134 was the month of the battle.",
"title": "Battle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Tashfin returned to Cordoba victorious, then to Granada, where he was well received. The Castilians attempted to raid Badajoz in October and June 1136, but both were defeated.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] | The Battle of Badajoz was a military engagement between the Almoravids and the raiding party from Castile. The Castilians were soundly defeated. | 2023-12-16T18:31:19Z | 2023-12-16T21:02:53Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Badajoz_(1134) |
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