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75,535,445 | Clayton Wood | Clayton Wood is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the Merrimack 13th district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.
Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Place of birth missing (living people) Category:Republican Party members of the New Hampshire House of Representatives Category:21st-century American politicians | [
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"text": "Clayton Wood is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the Merrimack 13th district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Place of birth missing (living people) Category:Republican Party members of the New Hampshire House of Representatives Category:21st-century American politicians",
"title": "References"
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"title": "References"
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] | Clayton Wood is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the Merrimack 13th district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives. | 2023-12-11T04:59:18Z | 2023-12-11T05:05:12Z | [
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75,535,454 | Yousef al-Mansi | Yousef Mahmoud Hamid al-Mansi (Arabic: يوسف المنسي) (born 1953) is a Palestinian architect and politician from the Gaza Strip. He was Minister of Communications and Information Technology in the Second Haniyeh Government (2007) and a past Minister of Public Works.
Al-Mansi was born in the Gaza Strip in 1953. He completed a bachelor's degree in 1981, a master's degree in 1999, and a doctorate in 2022, all in architecture from Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt. He worked as an architect in the Ministry of Hajj and Endowments in Riyadh for 13 years before joining the faculty of the Islamic University of Gaza as its first head of the department of architecture in 1993.
He was the Minister of Communications and Information Technology in the Second Haniyeh Government under Ismail Haniyeh from 17 March to 14 June 2007. Al-Mansi was appointed by Hamas as the Minister of Public Works in Gaza by January 2011.
Al-Mansi was arrested during the 2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip on 5 December 2023 and was questioned by Israeli authorities beginning on 7 December. He is considered the highest-ranking Hamas government figure whose capture has been announced. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Yousef Mahmoud Hamid al-Mansi (Arabic: يوسف المنسي) (born 1953) is a Palestinian architect and politician from the Gaza Strip. He was Minister of Communications and Information Technology in the Second Haniyeh Government (2007) and a past Minister of Public Works.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Al-Mansi was born in the Gaza Strip in 1953. He completed a bachelor's degree in 1981, a master's degree in 1999, and a doctorate in 2022, all in architecture from Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt. He worked as an architect in the Ministry of Hajj and Endowments in Riyadh for 13 years before joining the faculty of the Islamic University of Gaza as its first head of the department of architecture in 1993.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He was the Minister of Communications and Information Technology in the Second Haniyeh Government under Ismail Haniyeh from 17 March to 14 June 2007. Al-Mansi was appointed by Hamas as the Minister of Public Works in Gaza by January 2011.",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Al-Mansi was arrested during the 2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip on 5 December 2023 and was questioned by Israeli authorities beginning on 7 December. He is considered the highest-ranking Hamas government figure whose capture has been announced.",
"title": "Political career"
}
] | Yousef Mahmoud Hamid al-Mansi is a Palestinian architect and politician from the Gaza Strip. He was Minister of Communications and Information Technology in the Second Haniyeh Government (2007) and a past Minister of Public Works. | 2023-12-11T05:02:04Z | 2023-12-15T19:06:00Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yousef_al-Mansi |
75,535,475 | Soheila | Soheila is a female given name of Persian origin, and may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Soheila is a female given name of Persian origin, and may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | Soheila is a female given name of Persian origin, and may refer to: Soheila Esfahani, Iranian-born Canadian artist and educator
Soheila Fors, Iranian-Swedish women's rights activist, and writer
Soheila Hejab, Iranian lawyer, political activist, and civil rights activist
Soheila Jolodarzadeh, Iranian reformist politician
Soheila Mansourian, Iranian Wushu athlete
Soheila Sokhanvari, Iranian-born British multidisciplinary visual artist
Soheila Zaland, Afghani pop singer | 2023-12-11T05:04:18Z | 2023-12-11T05:09:21Z | [
"Template:Given name"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soheila |
75,535,519 | SKS School & College | SKS School & College (Bengali: এসকেএস স্কুল এন্ড কলেজ) is a non-government educational institution in Gaibandha, Bangladesh that was established in 2017 by Rasel Ahmed Liton.
SKS School & College was instituted in 2017 based on a vision of Mr. Rasel Ahmed Liton, the Founder & Chief Executive of SKS Foundation. First session of the Institution has been started from January 2018.
The SKS School & College is a four-storied iconic structure with 50,000 square feet of building space having 30 class rooms and 8 office rooms within an area of more than two acres of land at College Road, Uttar Harin Singha, Gaibandha. There are 1,283 enrolled students in this Institution and some 42 teachers in different disciplines with excellent academic background.The Institution also provides transport facilities to the students living in the township with the running of 6 buses. | [
{
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"text": "SKS School & College (Bengali: এসকেএস স্কুল এন্ড কলেজ) is a non-government educational institution in Gaibandha, Bangladesh that was established in 2017 by Rasel Ahmed Liton.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "SKS School & College was instituted in 2017 based on a vision of Mr. Rasel Ahmed Liton, the Founder & Chief Executive of SKS Foundation. First session of the Institution has been started from January 2018.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The SKS School & College is a four-storied iconic structure with 50,000 square feet of building space having 30 class rooms and 8 office rooms within an area of more than two acres of land at College Road, Uttar Harin Singha, Gaibandha. There are 1,283 enrolled students in this Institution and some 42 teachers in different disciplines with excellent academic background.The Institution also provides transport facilities to the students living in the township with the running of 6 buses.",
"title": "Campus"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | SKS School & College is a non-government educational institution in Gaibandha, Bangladesh that was established in 2017 by Rasel Ahmed Liton. | 2023-12-11T05:10:44Z | 2024-01-01T01:14:10Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SKS_School_%26_College |
75,535,543 | CubaSolar | CubaSolar, officially the Cuban Society for the Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources and Environmental Respect, is a Cuban non-governmental organization established in 1994. It promotes the use of renewable energy technology.
During Cuba's Special Period, the country experienced economic contraction following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. After the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance disintegrated, Cuba's a lack of oil supplies hampered Cuba's energy sector. In 1994, CubaSolar was established during this energy crisis to bring together engineers, scientists, and planners to develop alternative energy capacity. It seeks to promote solar energy, biogas, hydropower, and solar thermal energy.
CubaSolar is a non-governmental organization which is funded by the Cuban government and foreign partners on a project-by-project basis. The organization has over 1,000 members and branches in every Cuban province.
It has installed solar power for over 500 medical clinics, rural hospitals, and farmers' homes. CubaSolar trains technical brigades to install hybrid wind-diesel systems, hybrid photovoltaic wind technologies, wind farms, and hydropower infrastructure in remote communities.
CubaSolar also works on technology transfer to Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guinea Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Mali, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, South Africa, and Venezuela.
CubaSolar has participated in projects to mitigate desertification. It has built greenhouses for research on seed cultivation.
As part of its educational function, CubaSolar publishes books as well as two magazines which are provided to every Cuban school. It publishes Energía y Tú for a general readership. For a scientific readership, it publishes EcoSolar.
In a series of article in Energía y Tú, CubaSolar President Luis Bérriz articulated the view that the dispersed quality of solar energy makes it an important socialist and anti-imperialist tool. In this view, the material form of solar energy technology means that it cannot be dominated by the rich because "the Sun cannot be blockaded, it cannot be dominated, it cannot be destroyed."
In Granma Province, CubaSolar has established an Educators' Villa which hosts events as well as the Solar Study Centre for both student education and teacher training. | [
{
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"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "During Cuba's Special Period, the country experienced economic contraction following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. After the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance disintegrated, Cuba's a lack of oil supplies hampered Cuba's energy sector. In 1994, CubaSolar was established during this energy crisis to bring together engineers, scientists, and planners to develop alternative energy capacity. It seeks to promote solar energy, biogas, hydropower, and solar thermal energy.",
"title": "History"
},
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"title": "Renewable energy activities"
},
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"text": "It has installed solar power for over 500 medical clinics, rural hospitals, and farmers' homes. CubaSolar trains technical brigades to install hybrid wind-diesel systems, hybrid photovoltaic wind technologies, wind farms, and hydropower infrastructure in remote communities.",
"title": "Renewable energy activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "CubaSolar also works on technology transfer to Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guinea Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Mali, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, South Africa, and Venezuela.",
"title": "Renewable energy activities"
},
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"text": "CubaSolar has participated in projects to mitigate desertification. It has built greenhouses for research on seed cultivation.",
"title": "Renewable energy activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "As part of its educational function, CubaSolar publishes books as well as two magazines which are provided to every Cuban school. It publishes Energía y Tú for a general readership. For a scientific readership, it publishes EcoSolar.",
"title": "Educational activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In a series of article in Energía y Tú, CubaSolar President Luis Bérriz articulated the view that the dispersed quality of solar energy makes it an important socialist and anti-imperialist tool. In this view, the material form of solar energy technology means that it cannot be dominated by the rich because \"the Sun cannot be blockaded, it cannot be dominated, it cannot be destroyed.\"",
"title": "Educational activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In Granma Province, CubaSolar has established an Educators' Villa which hosts events as well as the Solar Study Centre for both student education and teacher training.",
"title": "Educational activities"
}
] | CubaSolar, officially the Cuban Society for the Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources and Environmental Respect, is a Cuban non-governmental organization established in 1994. It promotes the use of renewable energy technology. | 2023-12-11T05:13:18Z | 2023-12-11T14:40:11Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CubaSolar |
75,535,550 | Historic Spots in California | Historic Spots in California is a guide to historic places in the U.S. state of California. The first edition, by Hero Eugene Rensch and Ethel Grace Rensch, was published in 1932. The book was originally sponsored by the Daughters of the American Revolution and is published by Stanford University Press. One of the original authors was a sister-in-law of U.S. president Herbert Hoover.
In a 2005 review, Daniel B. Rosen of Merritt College described the book's fifth edition as "the definitive guide to historic sites in California." There have been five editions since the title was first published in 1932. A 1948 review of a similar book stated that it would make a good companion to Historic Spots "of which too high praise cannot be made." Another historian called it "invaluable." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Historic Spots in California is a guide to historic places in the U.S. state of California. The first edition, by Hero Eugene Rensch and Ethel Grace Rensch, was published in 1932. The book was originally sponsored by the Daughters of the American Revolution and is published by Stanford University Press. One of the original authors was a sister-in-law of U.S. president Herbert Hoover.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In a 2005 review, Daniel B. Rosen of Merritt College described the book's fifth edition as \"the definitive guide to historic sites in California.\" There have been five editions since the title was first published in 1932. A 1948 review of a similar book stated that it would make a good companion to Historic Spots \"of which too high praise cannot be made.\" Another historian called it \"invaluable.\"",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Historic Spots in California is a guide to historic places in the U.S. state of California. The first edition, by Hero Eugene Rensch and Ethel Grace Rensch, was published in 1932. The book was originally sponsored by the Daughters of the American Revolution and is published by Stanford University Press. One of the original authors was a sister-in-law of U.S. president Herbert Hoover. | 2023-12-11T05:13:49Z | 2023-12-26T01:15:52Z | [
"Template:Short description",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_Spots_in_California |
75,535,567 | LianLian DigiTech | LianLian DigiTech is a Chinese digital payment solution provider.
LianLian DigiTech was founded in 2009 and headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
In 2018, Lianlian DigiTech raised 1 billion yuan (US$147 million) in its latest financing round backed by Sequoia Capital China and Boyu Capital.
In 2020, LianLian entered into a joint venture agreement with American Express to establish Express (Hangzhou) Technology Services Company Limited (LianTong), which is licensed by the People's Bank of China (Central bank of China) to provide bank card clearing services.
LianLian offers digital payment services and value-added services to customers. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "LianLian DigiTech is a Chinese digital payment solution provider.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "LianLian DigiTech was founded in 2009 and headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2018, Lianlian DigiTech raised 1 billion yuan (US$147 million) in its latest financing round backed by Sequoia Capital China and Boyu Capital.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2020, LianLian entered into a joint venture agreement with American Express to establish Express (Hangzhou) Technology Services Company Limited (LianTong), which is licensed by the People's Bank of China (Central bank of China) to provide bank card clearing services.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "LianLian offers digital payment services and value-added services to customers.",
"title": "Business model"
}
] | LianLian DigiTech is a Chinese digital payment solution provider. | 2023-12-11T05:18:00Z | 2023-12-17T13:08:22Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LianLian_DigiTech |
75,535,596 | 2024 in the Solomon Islands | Events in the year 2024 in the Solomon Islands.
Source: | [
{
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"text": "Events in the year 2024 in the Solomon Islands.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "Holidays"
}
] | Events in the year 2024 in the Solomon Islands. | 2023-12-11T05:23:26Z | 2023-12-11T05:56:10Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_in_the_Solomon_Islands |
75,535,619 | Jimbiley | Jimbiley is a town located in the Hiran region of Somalia, situated 9km west of Jalalaqsi district.
Jimbiley might seem like a quiet dot on the map, but off Hiran's main road lies a powerhouse of connection. This unassuming town bridges not just two major cities – Jowhar and Jalalaqsi – but also serves as a vital artery for the entire Hirshabelle State.
For Jalalaqsi, 10 kilometers off the beaten path, Jimbiley is a lifeline. Its bustling heart beats with the rhythm of refuelling trucks, whirring mechanics, and weary travelers seeking rest. Jimbiley isn't just a stopover; it's the interconnect hub, the place where Hiran and Middle Shabelle meet, trade stories, and keep the wheels of progress turning.
Beyond practicality, Jimbilleey fosters a spirit of community. Locals and visitors mingle in cafes, share stories in markets, and find solace in its warm embrace. This hidden gem pulsates with the lifeblood of Middle Shabelle and Hiran, reminding us that connection thrives in the most unexpected places.
< | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jimbiley is a town located in the Hiran region of Somalia, situated 9km west of Jalalaqsi district.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Jimbiley might seem like a quiet dot on the map, but off Hiran's main road lies a powerhouse of connection. This unassuming town bridges not just two major cities – Jowhar and Jalalaqsi – but also serves as a vital artery for the entire Hirshabelle State.",
"title": "Overviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "For Jalalaqsi, 10 kilometers off the beaten path, Jimbiley is a lifeline. Its bustling heart beats with the rhythm of refuelling trucks, whirring mechanics, and weary travelers seeking rest. Jimbiley isn't just a stopover; it's the interconnect hub, the place where Hiran and Middle Shabelle meet, trade stories, and keep the wheels of progress turning.",
"title": "Overviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Beyond practicality, Jimbilleey fosters a spirit of community. Locals and visitors mingle in cafes, share stories in markets, and find solace in its warm embrace. This hidden gem pulsates with the lifeblood of Middle Shabelle and Hiran, reminding us that connection thrives in the most unexpected places.",
"title": "Overviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "<",
"title": "Overviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "Refereces"
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] | Jimbiley is a town located in the Hiran region of Somalia, situated 9km west of Jalalaqsi district. | 2023-12-11T05:29:01Z | 2023-12-26T04:00:47Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimbiley |
75,535,664 | Soheil | Soheil is a male given name of Persian origin, and may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Soheil is a male given name of Persian origin, and may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | Soheil is a male given name of Persian origin, and may refer to: Soheil Abedian, Iranian-born Australian property developer
Soheil Afnan (1904–1990), Palestinian-born Persian scholar of philosophy, Arabic, Persian, and Greek languages
Soheil Asgharzad, Iranian football midfielder
Soheil Arabi, Iranian blogger who was sentenced to death in Iran in 2013
Soheil Arghandewall, German professional footballer
Soheil Ayari, French-born Iranian race car driver
Soheil Beiraghi, Iranian independent film director, screenwriter and producer
Soheil Haghshenas, Iranian footballer
Soheil Nasseri, American pianist based in Berlin
Soheil Shameli, Iranian male squash player
Soheil Rahmani, Iranian footballer
Soheil Vahedi, Iranian former professional snooker player | 2023-12-11T05:36:28Z | 2023-12-11T05:38:56Z | [
"Template:Given name"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soheil |
75,535,698 | Islam in Kiribati | Coming from the 2020 census and Kiribati's government statistics, Kiribati is a secular country that predominates Christianity followed by 96% of the population, adhering the Catholic Church by 58.9%, the Uniting Church by 21.2%, and other denominations of Christianity by 16.1%.
Islam is a minority religion in Kiribati followed by 0.1% of the population, and was placed to be the third largest-religion after Baha'i Faith. The Muslims were peacefully living in the same way as Kiribati's 90% of its population living in the Gilbert Islands together, and most of Kiribati's Muslim population were immigrants from foreign countries.
Islam was firstly introduced in 1985 by a British-Tuvaluan Ahmadi of Pakistani descent named Iftikhar A. Ayaz when he arrived at Kiribati. Starting at the late-20th century, the rise of Islam has been continued by its conversion of Islam mostly from Christianity, later on the Gilbert Islander converts to Islam has established a foothold in the country, contributing to Kiribati's cultural and religious diversity.
There are variously a very few mosques or musallahs in the country, reflecting the small size of the Muslims. Although there still isn't an easy Halal certification in the country due to Kiribati's major population having their huge lack of knowing Islam very much, as well as the Muslims face their challenges of practicing Islam, in which they have their limited accesses of attending Islamic schools for their education.
The food from the Kiribati traditions are permitted in Islam, including fish, coconut, and breadfish. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Coming from the 2020 census and Kiribati's government statistics, Kiribati is a secular country that predominates Christianity followed by 96% of the population, adhering the Catholic Church by 58.9%, the Uniting Church by 21.2%, and other denominations of Christianity by 16.1%.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Islam is a minority religion in Kiribati followed by 0.1% of the population, and was placed to be the third largest-religion after Baha'i Faith. The Muslims were peacefully living in the same way as Kiribati's 90% of its population living in the Gilbert Islands together, and most of Kiribati's Muslim population were immigrants from foreign countries.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Islam was firstly introduced in 1985 by a British-Tuvaluan Ahmadi of Pakistani descent named Iftikhar A. Ayaz when he arrived at Kiribati. Starting at the late-20th century, the rise of Islam has been continued by its conversion of Islam mostly from Christianity, later on the Gilbert Islander converts to Islam has established a foothold in the country, contributing to Kiribati's cultural and religious diversity.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "There are variously a very few mosques or musallahs in the country, reflecting the small size of the Muslims. Although there still isn't an easy Halal certification in the country due to Kiribati's major population having their huge lack of knowing Islam very much, as well as the Muslims face their challenges of practicing Islam, in which they have their limited accesses of attending Islamic schools for their education.",
"title": "Mosques and halal certification"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The food from the Kiribati traditions are permitted in Islam, including fish, coconut, and breadfish.",
"title": "Mosques and halal certification"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Coming from the 2020 census and Kiribati's government statistics, Kiribati is a secular country that predominates Christianity followed by 96% of the population, adhering the Catholic Church by 58.9%, the Uniting Church by 21.2%, and other denominations of Christianity by 16.1%. Islam is a minority religion in Kiribati followed by 0.1% of the population, and was placed to be the third largest-religion after Baha'i Faith. The Muslims were peacefully living in the same way as Kiribati's 90% of its population living in the Gilbert Islands together, and most of Kiribati's Muslim population were immigrants from foreign countries. | 2023-12-11T05:44:55Z | 2023-12-11T06:36:25Z | [
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75,535,700 | 2004 Quezon City local elections | Local elections was held in Quezon City on May 10, 2004, within the Philippine general election. The voters elected for the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, the four Congressmen, and the councilors, 10 in each of the city's six legislative districts.
Incumbents Feliciano "Sonny" Belmonte, and Herbert Bautista are now teaming up against challengers former mayor Mel Mathay and actor Dingdong Avanzado, who also formerly served as a one-term city councilor.
Incumbent Feliciano "Sonny" Belmonte defeated Mel Mathay.
Incumbent Herbert Bautista defeated actor Dingdong Avanzado. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Local elections was held in Quezon City on May 10, 2004, within the Philippine general election. The voters elected for the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, the four Congressmen, and the councilors, 10 in each of the city's six legislative districts.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Incumbents Feliciano \"Sonny\" Belmonte, and Herbert Bautista are now teaming up against challengers former mayor Mel Mathay and actor Dingdong Avanzado, who also formerly served as a one-term city councilor.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Incumbent Feliciano \"Sonny\" Belmonte defeated Mel Mathay.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Incumbent Herbert Bautista defeated actor Dingdong Avanzado.",
"title": "Results"
}
] | Local elections was held in Quezon City on May 10, 2004, within the Philippine general election. The voters elected for the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, the four Congressmen, and the councilors, 10 in each of the city's six legislative districts. | 2023-12-11T05:45:33Z | 2023-12-27T21:20:36Z | [
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75,535,762 | Persikasa Sarolangun | Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Kabupaten Sarolangun (simply known as Persikasa) is an Indonesian football club based in Sarolangun Regency, Jambi. They currently compete in the Liga 3 Jambi zone. | [
{
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"title": ""
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] | Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Kabupaten Sarolangun is an Indonesian football club based in Sarolangun Regency, Jambi. They currently compete in the Liga 3 Jambi zone. | 2023-12-11T05:58:08Z | 2023-12-23T15:17:59Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persikasa_Sarolangun |
75,535,778 | Sphaeropteris feani | Sphaeropteris feani is a species of tree fern native to the Marquesas Islands and Solomon Islands in the South Pacific. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sphaeropteris feani is a species of tree fern native to the Marquesas Islands and Solomon Islands in the South Pacific.",
"title": ""
}
] | Sphaeropteris feani is a species of tree fern native to the Marquesas Islands and Solomon Islands in the South Pacific. | 2023-12-11T06:02:38Z | 2023-12-11T06:09:51Z | [
"Template:Speciesbox",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphaeropteris_feani |
75,535,785 | Salvelinus drjagini | Salvelinus drjagini, also known as Dryanin's charr, is a species of freshwater fish in the salmon family. It is found in the lakes and rivers of the Taimyr Peninsula in arctic Russia. The species is used to produce yellow coloured cavier.
Dryanin's charr can reach a recorded maximum length of 90.0 cm (35.4 inches) and up to 8.3 kg (18.3 lbs).
The body of Dryagin's charr is covered with a few large (about 1 cm) light orange spots of usually irregular shape. The belly and underside of the head are white or light yellow. The pelvic and anal fins are reddish-brown. During the spawning season, the body colour of the fish becomes brighter. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Salvelinus drjagini, also known as Dryanin's charr, is a species of freshwater fish in the salmon family. It is found in the lakes and rivers of the Taimyr Peninsula in arctic Russia. The species is used to produce yellow coloured cavier.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Dryanin's charr can reach a recorded maximum length of 90.0 cm (35.4 inches) and up to 8.3 kg (18.3 lbs).",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The body of Dryagin's charr is covered with a few large (about 1 cm) light orange spots of usually irregular shape. The belly and underside of the head are white or light yellow. The pelvic and anal fins are reddish-brown. During the spawning season, the body colour of the fish becomes brighter.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "Description"
}
] | Salvelinus drjagini, also known as Dryanin's charr, is a species of freshwater fish in the salmon family. It is found in the lakes and rivers of the Taimyr Peninsula in arctic Russia. The species is used to produce yellow coloured cavier. | 2023-12-11T06:05:49Z | 2023-12-14T21:50:15Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvelinus_drjagini |
75,535,795 | Kottagulli Bhagya Lakshmi | Kottagulli Bhagya Lakshmi (born 1984) is an Indian politician from Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh. She was elected to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) in the 2019 Assembly election and is currently serving as the Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from the ST-reserved Paderu constituency of Visakhapatnam district. She is one among the 12 woman MLAs elected to the AP Legislative assembly.
She is born in 2004 in Paderu, Visakhapatnam. Her father Kottagulli Chittinaidu is a farmer. She completed her M.Sc. in 2006 from Andhra University. She is married to Narasinga Rao. She has a son, Vivek Vardham, and daughter, Jasmitha Sree. | [
{
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"text": "Kottagulli Bhagya Lakshmi (born 1984) is an Indian politician from Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh. She was elected to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) in the 2019 Assembly election and is currently serving as the Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from the ST-reserved Paderu constituency of Visakhapatnam district. She is one among the 12 woman MLAs elected to the AP Legislative assembly.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "She is born in 2004 in Paderu, Visakhapatnam. Her father Kottagulli Chittinaidu is a farmer. She completed her M.Sc. in 2006 from Andhra University. She is married to Narasinga Rao. She has a son, Vivek Vardham, and daughter, Jasmitha Sree.",
"title": ""
}
] | Kottagulli Bhagya Lakshmi is an Indian politician from Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh. She was elected to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) in the 2019 Assembly election and is currently serving as the Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from the ST-reserved Paderu constituency of Visakhapatnam district. She is one among the 12 woman MLAs elected to the AP Legislative assembly. She is born in 2004 in Paderu, Visakhapatnam. Her father Kottagulli Chittinaidu is a farmer. She completed her M.Sc. in 2006 from Andhra University. She is married to Narasinga Rao. She has a son, Vivek Vardham, and daughter, Jasmitha Sree. | 2023-12-11T06:06:40Z | 2023-12-11T14:49:44Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kottagulli_Bhagya_Lakshmi |
75,535,802 | Islam in San Marino | The Republic of San Marino has 91.5% of its population following the Catholic Church, according to the 2021 estimations. In the country, Islam is a minority religion where it has its following making themselves the sixth largest religious minority after Catholicism about 85.45%, other denominations of Christianity about 5%, Agnosticism about 5.6%, atheism about 7.56%, and the Baha'i Faith about 1%, suggested by the 2020 estimations. The 2020 estimations also say the country has approximately 10 Muslims.
San Marino has two mosques for its Muslim citizens, one of them located in the capital city of San Marino was previously a building apartment until there were no inhabitants, it was converted into a mosque named Masjid al-Maidah, yet it currently had no minarets and a dome itself. The other mosque was located in Acquaviva that was also converted from a different building to a mosque too, as well as it also has an Islamic cultural association.
The country has no Islamic schools or other education supplication from one of the Muslim world. The Sammarinese citizens are welcoming and tolerant to anyone in San Marino, despite there is also a small chance that the Sammarinese citizens of the country can be friends with the Muslims due to their lack of common interests of other religions. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Republic of San Marino has 91.5% of its population following the Catholic Church, according to the 2021 estimations. In the country, Islam is a minority religion where it has its following making themselves the sixth largest religious minority after Catholicism about 85.45%, other denominations of Christianity about 5%, Agnosticism about 5.6%, atheism about 7.56%, and the Baha'i Faith about 1%, suggested by the 2020 estimations. The 2020 estimations also say the country has approximately 10 Muslims.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "San Marino has two mosques for its Muslim citizens, one of them located in the capital city of San Marino was previously a building apartment until there were no inhabitants, it was converted into a mosque named Masjid al-Maidah, yet it currently had no minarets and a dome itself. The other mosque was located in Acquaviva that was also converted from a different building to a mosque too, as well as it also has an Islamic cultural association.",
"title": "Religious education, places of worship and ethics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The country has no Islamic schools or other education supplication from one of the Muslim world. The Sammarinese citizens are welcoming and tolerant to anyone in San Marino, despite there is also a small chance that the Sammarinese citizens of the country can be friends with the Muslims due to their lack of common interests of other religions.",
"title": "Religious education, places of worship and ethics"
}
] | The Republic of San Marino has 91.5% of its population following the Catholic Church, according to the 2021 estimations. In the country, Islam is a minority religion where it has its following making themselves the sixth largest religious minority after Catholicism about 85.45%, other denominations of Christianity about 5%, Agnosticism about 5.6%, atheism about 7.56%, and the Baha'i Faith about 1%, suggested by the 2020 estimations. The 2020 estimations also say the country has approximately 10 Muslims. | 2023-12-11T06:07:06Z | 2023-12-11T09:25:05Z | [
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75,535,812 | Joseph G. West | Joseph G. West (May 1834 – February 10, 1917) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1891 to 1894.
Joseph G. West was born on May 2 or 22, 1834, in East Pikeland Township, Pennsylvania, to David West. He grew up on his father's farm. At 17, he attended Strodie's Seminary near Lenape for one year. He then attended Oakdale Seminary Pughtown for two years.
After his studies, West taught at a public school in Jonestown, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. He then studied medicine with Dr. Morris Tussell of Chester Springs. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1860.
In September 1860, he started practicing medicine in Kemblesville. In 1887, he left his medical practice and drug business to his son F. B. West. He was postmaster of Kemblesville from 1862 to 1872 and from 1875 to 1885.
West was a Republican. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1891 to 1894. He was school director of his township for fifteen years.
In 1887, he moved to his farm in Kemblesville.
West died on February 10, 1917, at his home in Kemblesville. He was interred in Union Hill Cemetery in Kennett Square. | [
{
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"text": "Joseph G. West (May 1834 – February 10, 1917) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1891 to 1894.",
"title": ""
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"text": "Joseph G. West was born on May 2 or 22, 1834, in East Pikeland Township, Pennsylvania, to David West. He grew up on his father's farm. At 17, he attended Strodie's Seminary near Lenape for one year. He then attended Oakdale Seminary Pughtown for two years.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After his studies, West taught at a public school in Jonestown, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. He then studied medicine with Dr. Morris Tussell of Chester Springs. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1860.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In September 1860, he started practicing medicine in Kemblesville. In 1887, he left his medical practice and drug business to his son F. B. West. He was postmaster of Kemblesville from 1862 to 1872 and from 1875 to 1885.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "West was a Republican. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1891 to 1894. He was school director of his township for fifteen years.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 1887, he moved to his farm in Kemblesville.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "West died on February 10, 1917, at his home in Kemblesville. He was interred in Union Hill Cemetery in Kennett Square.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Joseph G. West was an American politician from Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1891 to 1894. | 2023-12-11T06:07:32Z | 2023-12-24T20:56:12Z | [
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75,535,855 | 2024 in New Caledonia | Events from 2024 in New Caledonia.
Source: | [
{
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"text": "Events from 2024 in New Caledonia.",
"title": ""
},
{
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] | Events from 2024 in New Caledonia. | 2023-12-11T06:21:51Z | 2023-12-19T17:49:47Z | [
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75,535,866 | Dholai Port | Dholai Port is a fishing port located in the Bilimora taluka of Gujarat, India. It is situated on the coast of the Arabian Sea, about 20 kilometers from the town of Bilimora. The port was built in 1995 and is operated by the Gujarat Maritime Board. | [
{
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"text": "Dholai Port is a fishing port located in the Bilimora taluka of Gujarat, India. It is situated on the coast of the Arabian Sea, about 20 kilometers from the town of Bilimora. The port was built in 1995 and is operated by the Gujarat Maritime Board.",
"title": ""
},
{
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] | Dholai Port is a fishing port located in the Bilimora taluka of Gujarat, India. It is situated on the coast of the Arabian Sea, about 20 kilometers from the town of Bilimora. The port was built in 1995 and is operated by the Gujarat Maritime Board. | 2023-12-11T06:23:46Z | 2023-12-31T20:28:00Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dholai_Port |
75,535,877 | Louis Briel | Louis Briel (1945-January 20, 2021) was an American painter and author from Richmond, Virginia. He specialized in portraits, especially ones of celebrities. Three of his works hang in the National Portrait Gallery, including portraits of Arthur Ashe and Dustin Lance Black. One of his paintings, a portrait of John F. Kennedy, was given to Robert F. Kennedy after his brother's assassination. Another portrait was given to Elton John, one depicting his recently deceased friend, Diana, Princess of Wales.
Briel was born and raised in Richmond. He graduated with honors from college and earned his master's at Harvard University. After returning to Richmond in the 1970s, he continued painting portraits and commissions, and lived in his hometown for the rest of his life, except for a brief period in Los Angeles. In 2012, Briel suffered a debilitating stroke, rendering the left side of his body numb. After that, he was only able to paint with his right hand. Briel died in 2021, just days after a solo exhibition of his works had begun.
Bernard Louis Briel Jr. was born in 1945 in Richmond, Virginia. After graduating from Douglas S. Freeman High School, Briel attended Hampden–Sydney College, where he excelled in classes and graduated with honors. It was during his college years that Briel began an interest in painting celebrities. While a sophomore, he painted a portrait of President John F. Kennedy after the 1963 assassination. He gave it to Senator Robert F. Kennedy when the two met at a event criticizing massive resistance. According to Briel, after Robert F. Kennedy shook his hand, he didn't wash it for a week. The portrait would later hang in the Atkinson Museum, after being found in an elderly man's belongings. In response, Briel said "I always like to know where my paintings end up. They're sort of like children that run away from home."
He earned his master's in classical philology at Harvard University where he also taught classics as a teaching fellow. His art studies took place at the American Academy in Rome. Afterwards, he moved to Boston, working under Anne Tabachnick and Morton Sacks. He began working as a fundraiser at Hampden–Sydney College. In the 1970s, Briel moved back to Richmond where his home doubled as a studio and art gallery.
Briel began focusing more on painting, and during the 1990s, his works became more popular as he painted well-known figures in addition to commissions. He moved to Los Angeles for a few years and befriended artist David Hockney and author Doris Kearns Goodwin. The reason for Briel moving to Los Angeles probably had something to do with the amount of celebrities in that state. Briel eventually moved back to Richmond, where he purchased an apartment in Jackson Ward. He continued his work on celebrity portraits in Richmond, while also painting commissions.
During his first visit to the National Portrait Gallery (NPG) in Washington, D.C., Briel said "God, wouldn't it be wonderful to have a painting here? I know that’ll never happen." He befriended fellow Virginian Arthur Ashe, whom he painted. After Ashe's death in 1993, the portrait was donated to the Smithsonian Institution. That same year the United States House of Representatives acquired Briel's portrait of Representative Thomas J. Bliley Jr..
Following the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, in 1997, Briel painted a portrait of her. He sent it to Elton John, a close friend of Diana, which was brought along on his next tour. Elton John would have the portrait hung in his dressing room at each venue. Another celebrity who received a painting after the loss of a loved one was Carol Burnett, whose daughter Carrie Hamilton died in 2002. Other people Briel painted portraits of include Bette Davis, Sophia Loren, Keanu Reeves, and Dustin Lance Black, which is one of three portraits by Briel to hang in the NPG, the others being Ashe and Richmond businessman David N. Martin.
Briel wrote two novels during a sabbatical: Braided Shame: A Mystery Novel and Sunset and Vine. He returned to painting until 2012 when he suffered a stroke. While recovering, in 2014 he found out the NPG had bought another one of his paintings, giving him some inspiration during a dark period of his life. He had long-lasting effects from the stroke, mostly on the left side of his body, and was only able to paint with his right hand. Briel told one reporter "I'm painting in my head all the time, whether it goes on canvas or not." On January 20, 2021, Briel died at the age of 75, just five days after a solo exhibition of his work began in Richmond. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Louis Briel (1945-January 20, 2021) was an American painter and author from Richmond, Virginia. He specialized in portraits, especially ones of celebrities. Three of his works hang in the National Portrait Gallery, including portraits of Arthur Ashe and Dustin Lance Black. One of his paintings, a portrait of John F. Kennedy, was given to Robert F. Kennedy after his brother's assassination. Another portrait was given to Elton John, one depicting his recently deceased friend, Diana, Princess of Wales.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Briel was born and raised in Richmond. He graduated with honors from college and earned his master's at Harvard University. After returning to Richmond in the 1970s, he continued painting portraits and commissions, and lived in his hometown for the rest of his life, except for a brief period in Los Angeles. In 2012, Briel suffered a debilitating stroke, rendering the left side of his body numb. After that, he was only able to paint with his right hand. Briel died in 2021, just days after a solo exhibition of his works had begun.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Bernard Louis Briel Jr. was born in 1945 in Richmond, Virginia. After graduating from Douglas S. Freeman High School, Briel attended Hampden–Sydney College, where he excelled in classes and graduated with honors. It was during his college years that Briel began an interest in painting celebrities. While a sophomore, he painted a portrait of President John F. Kennedy after the 1963 assassination. He gave it to Senator Robert F. Kennedy when the two met at a event criticizing massive resistance. According to Briel, after Robert F. Kennedy shook his hand, he didn't wash it for a week. The portrait would later hang in the Atkinson Museum, after being found in an elderly man's belongings. In response, Briel said \"I always like to know where my paintings end up. They're sort of like children that run away from home.\"",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "He earned his master's in classical philology at Harvard University where he also taught classics as a teaching fellow. His art studies took place at the American Academy in Rome. Afterwards, he moved to Boston, working under Anne Tabachnick and Morton Sacks. He began working as a fundraiser at Hampden–Sydney College. In the 1970s, Briel moved back to Richmond where his home doubled as a studio and art gallery.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Briel began focusing more on painting, and during the 1990s, his works became more popular as he painted well-known figures in addition to commissions. He moved to Los Angeles for a few years and befriended artist David Hockney and author Doris Kearns Goodwin. The reason for Briel moving to Los Angeles probably had something to do with the amount of celebrities in that state. Briel eventually moved back to Richmond, where he purchased an apartment in Jackson Ward. He continued his work on celebrity portraits in Richmond, while also painting commissions.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "During his first visit to the National Portrait Gallery (NPG) in Washington, D.C., Briel said \"God, wouldn't it be wonderful to have a painting here? I know that’ll never happen.\" He befriended fellow Virginian Arthur Ashe, whom he painted. After Ashe's death in 1993, the portrait was donated to the Smithsonian Institution. That same year the United States House of Representatives acquired Briel's portrait of Representative Thomas J. Bliley Jr..",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Following the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, in 1997, Briel painted a portrait of her. He sent it to Elton John, a close friend of Diana, which was brought along on his next tour. Elton John would have the portrait hung in his dressing room at each venue. Another celebrity who received a painting after the loss of a loved one was Carol Burnett, whose daughter Carrie Hamilton died in 2002. Other people Briel painted portraits of include Bette Davis, Sophia Loren, Keanu Reeves, and Dustin Lance Black, which is one of three portraits by Briel to hang in the NPG, the others being Ashe and Richmond businessman David N. Martin.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Briel wrote two novels during a sabbatical: Braided Shame: A Mystery Novel and Sunset and Vine. He returned to painting until 2012 when he suffered a stroke. While recovering, in 2014 he found out the NPG had bought another one of his paintings, giving him some inspiration during a dark period of his life. He had long-lasting effects from the stroke, mostly on the left side of his body, and was only able to paint with his right hand. Briel told one reporter \"I'm painting in my head all the time, whether it goes on canvas or not.\" On January 20, 2021, Briel died at the age of 75, just five days after a solo exhibition of his work began in Richmond.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Louis Briel was an American painter and author from Richmond, Virginia. He specialized in portraits, especially ones of celebrities. Three of his works hang in the National Portrait Gallery, including portraits of Arthur Ashe and Dustin Lance Black. One of his paintings, a portrait of John F. Kennedy, was given to Robert F. Kennedy after his brother's assassination. Another portrait was given to Elton John, one depicting his recently deceased friend, Diana, Princess of Wales. Briel was born and raised in Richmond. He graduated with honors from college and earned his master's at Harvard University. After returning to Richmond in the 1970s, he continued painting portraits and commissions, and lived in his hometown for the rest of his life, except for a brief period in Los Angeles. In 2012, Briel suffered a debilitating stroke, rendering the left side of his body numb. After that, he was only able to paint with his right hand. Briel died in 2021, just days after a solo exhibition of his works had begun. | 2023-12-11T06:27:05Z | 2023-12-26T15:51:02Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Briel |
75,535,908 | Congestion pricing in Hong Kong | The new toll scheme for Hong Kong's cross-harbour tunnel, also known as the "three-tunnel diversion," is a plan proposed by Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam in the 2018 Hong Kong Chief Executive's Policy Address to divert traffic from the Cross Harbour Tunnel, Eastern Harbour Crossing and Western Harbour Crossing. It is a form of congestion pricing.
Traffic congestion has emerged as a significant socioeconomic issue in Hong Kong. In 2021, cross-harbour traffic during peak hours has been confirmed to exceed 26% of the total capacity of the three tunnels, and it takes drivers up to 25 minutes on average to pass through the Cross-Harbour Tunnel during the morning rush hour, a full three times higher than during the smooth traffic periods, indicating that the overall traffic congestion in the three tunnels in Hong Kong has reached its peak.
In recent years, the Hong Kong government has undertaken some efforts to address this challenge by focusing on toll adjustments to redistribute traffic across the three tunnels. Following a tortuous legislative process, the implementation of the three-tunnel diversion policy was officially released in 2023.
2008:
Legislative Council member Raymond Ho Chung-tai proposed that the government could pay for the Western Harbour Crossing and the Harbour Crossing shares from CITIC PACIFIC. The significance of this proposal is that after the acquisition of shares, the ownership of the three tunnels will return to the Hong Kong government. By then, the Hong Kong government will have a greater initiative to reallocate the traffic flow of the three tunnels without being restricted by third parties, thereby easing traffic congestion. However, the proposal did not receive any direct response from Eva Cheng, then Secretary for Transport and Housing and the chairman of the Hong Kong housing authority. As a result, the proposal was shelved.
2013:
The then Hong Kong government led by Leung Chun-ying formally launched the tunnel consultation to the public and proposed three possible toll adjustment plans to explore the possibility of the first step of traffic diversion through the main objective of increasing the price of the Cross-Harbour Tunnel and reducing the price of the Eastern Harbour Crossing. However, the proposal was subsequently met with massive opposition from the members of the Legislative Council, which eventually led to the policy being shelved after a public consultation.
2016:
In the early morning of 7 August 2016, the Eastern Harbour Crossing 's franchise expired and the EHC was officially taken over by the Hong Kong government. At that time, the Road Tunnels (Government) Ordinance (Cap. 368) and its subsidiary legislation were formally extended to cover the Eastern Harbour Crossing. This means that the government's three tunnel diversion plan has been further pushed forward, because the management of the two main tunnels is already in the hands of the government.
2018:
The Hong Kong government, led by Carrie Lam, has again proposed a "544" scheme to adjust tolls between the three tunnels. The main proposals of the Scheme include reducing the tolls of the Western Harbour Crossing with government funding, so as to provide economic incentives to attract more people to use the less used tunnel, so as to achieve traffic diversion and relieve traffic congestion. However, the plan was eventually shelved after it failed to gain support in the Legislative Council.
2023:
The Western Harbour Crossing franchise will be held by the Western Harbour Tunnel Company Limited until 1 August 2023, and its management will be formally transferred to the Hong Kong government. By then, the three cross-harbour tunnels in Hong Kong will finally be fully managed by the Hong Kong government.
In August 2023, the first phase of the policy officially began, with the introduction of the 633 fixed toll scheme as a transitional plan. In December of the same year, the time-varying toll plan was further implemented in all directions. Until this moment, the Hong Kong Government has been negotiating for more than 10 years, the three tunnel diversion plan finally officially became a reality.
To reduce traffic flow around the Harbour Crossing and the Eastern Harbour Crossing by narrowing the difference between private car tolls as follows:
In Western Harbour Crossing，all manual toll booths and Autotoll lanes will be cancelled.
To regulate traffic flow more precisely during peak hours and to encourage citizens to use the three tunnels outside peak hours. This policy also simplifies the toll structure for commercial vehicles in the Western Harbour Crossing.
The 633 toll proposal introduced a significant change in the charges in a relatively complex adjustment. The proposed congestion charges level was said to have been adjusted severally after hearing opinions from the Legislative council; but despite acknowledging the positive effects that the time-subjected toll difference may help alleviate tunnel congestion, Roundtable legislator Michael Tien criticises that doubling the tolls in Cross-Harbour Tunnel and Eastern Harbour Crossing from its previous price a drop would induce inequality to their public users.
DAB Legislator Ben Chan also expressed concern over the increasing costs on taxi and other commercial drivers, arguing the policy should consider fixing taxis' tolls at $20 all-day while compressing tolls in commercial vehicles. He added the raise of Cross-Harbour Tunnel and Eastern Harbour Crossing to diverge traffic towards the Western Harbour Crossing may have neglected the needs of the residents in east-northern districts thus creating forced-inequality; where the residents would have relatively less flexibility and/or incentive to shift due to geographic and habit factors, forcing them to pay higher tolls with few room to hedge.
The new policy suggested a toll of $25 HKD for taxis and $50 HKD for mini buses had sparked dissatisfaction of unfairness among commercial vehicles. The Then-Commissioner for Transport Rosanna Law explains the toll fee for light trucks, licensed bus and minibus had not been adjusted for almost four decades and costs over $75 HKD in average, the new toll fee is expected to alleviate cost burden for these tunnel users in general, but did not directly address the free difference between taxi and minibus.
The 2nd phase of the tunnel diversion splits time spans accordingly as "peak hours"and "non-peak hours", with different prices of tunnel tolls. In March 2023, legislator Ben Chan doubted the policy's effectiveness in altering users' traffic habits, when the "peak hours" design exhibits extensive coverage over the clock creating less temporal differences between the three harbour crossings, thus making ambiguity to the effects of time-varying tolls.
Rosanna Law assures the diversion effect of the 633 arrangement would gradually become more visible when entering the time-varying toll (also known as phase 2). She said that the new arrangement is functioning when congestion appears later than usual in the first week (August 6th 2023) of the implementation, but the effect is yet to be as obvious to expectations, while further effects are to be observed when students are added to the equation as they return to school.
The 633 toll arrangement sets different prices to vehicles according to their types, such as private vehicles, minibus, taxis and trucks. Apart from the criticisms of inequalities in toll prices between minibus and taxi, the lower taxi toll $25 HKD compared to private vehicles $20 HKD (non-peak hours) had caught concerns in creating negative externalities in the transport business. Legislator of Functional constituency: Transport Frankie Yick Chi-ming argues the proposed toll charges difference may encourage acts of patronising unlicensed transport means (usually refer to non-commercial vehicles illegally carrying passengers), because the cost to travel across harbour would be relatively cheaper than taking a taxi.
Motorists have held diversified views over the latest pricing scheme. A survey conducted by Hong Kong Research Association had revealed that over 40% of local drivers agreed that the government should change the charges among the three harbour crossings to relieve the cross-harbour traffic congestion problem. Some even supported the adoption of the time-based charging system.
Opposing motorists have mainly criticised the drawbacks of the pricing scheme as the charge of Western Harbour Crossing is still too high compared to the two other harbour crossings, which will hence provide insufficient monetary incentives for motorists to change their driving habits. Some also indicated that the time-based charging system might be quite complicated for drivers to understand, resulting in more inconveniences or even opposite effects. Some further expressed their concerns on whether the scheme meets the public needs. Dr. Ringo Lee, President of Hong Kong Automobile Association, claimed that most local employees might not easily change their commuting patterns due to their inflexible working schedules, while traveling earlier would also increase their car-parking costs, these would outweigh the benefits brought by the scheme.
Members from commercial vehicle industries have held different opinions over the standardised charges among the three harbour crossings. Those who support, including some taxi drivers and freight drivers, believe that this measure could motivate them to take less congested cross-harbour tunnels, especially Western Harbour Crossing, which hence helps save traveling time and increase their revenues. Some further indicated that this scheme could avoid their falling-out with passengers on taking which cross-harbour tunnels.
Disagreements mostly focus on the increasing operation costs caused by the scheme. Some taxi drivers claimed that the cancellation of early morning discounts among the harbour crossings would increase their costs to take cross-harbour businesses. Some minibus drivers indicated that due to their specific customer sources and geographical considerations, it would be troublesome for them to change their tunnel choices. The increasing tunnel charges would hence be shifted to passengers, which eventually worsens their businesses. Courier industry also revealed that they had similar concerns as minibus drivers did, while most local courier companies are small-and-medium enterprises, the latest scheme would affect their competitiveness sharply.
Most discussions among experts are focusing on the scheme's effectiveness in diverting cross-harbour traffic. Aaron Bok, former President of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, once claimed that the latest scheme would be reasonable in principle because it might foster cross-harbour traffic diversions in both geography and time. Some further indicated that the phased implementation could help reduce the negative impacts of the scheme and also social resistance, which hence enhances the implementation effectiveness.
Nevertheless, some local scholars believed that the latest scheme failed to tackle the structural problem of cross-harbour traffic congestion effectively, which is the insufficient provision of tunnels. It is further recommended that the government should refer to foreign examples and deploy corresponding policies including the construction of the fourth harbour crossing etc.
Phase II of the New Pricing Scheme involves differential pricing for private vehicles based on their time of crossing, with drivers being charged more during peak hours. However, some legislators have expressed their dissatisfaction with the government's definition of peak hours, which currently extends from 07:30 to 10:15 am and from 4:30 to 7 pm. DAB Legislator Ben Chan has criticised the defined peak hour period as being too long, and called for a redefinition spanning from 8 to 9:30 am.
Similarly, Legislator Kitson Yang questioned the effectiveness of time-based charging on easing tunnel congestion during rush hour. Citing that many citizens would not deliberately go to work early or leave late just to avoid the congestion of peak hours, much less have the flexibility to choose their working hours, Yang argued that reduced tolls would do little to prompt drivers to commute at non-peak hours.
However, Lam Sai-hung, Head of the Transport and Logistics Bureau, proposed a different view. He believed that since commuters could save up to $40 per round trip by opting to travel at an earlier hour, saving up to "the value of a breakfast" in a day, there was a definite economic incentive for citizens to travel at non-peak hours. Moreover, he also suggested that this would not be as hard to accomplish as envisioned by some legislators, such as by arriving earlier at the workplace and having breakfast there instead.
Under the original plan, Phase II of the new Pricing Scheme was set to commence on December 10, which coincided with the first Election Day of the reformed District Councils. Following an announcement that delayed the start of the Scheme to December 17, some public figures have suspected that there was a political motive behind the delay. According to the editorial page of the Hong Kong Economic Journal, some pro-establishment candidates in the District Council elections were worried that there would be traffic confusion on the new pricing scheme's first day of implementation, which could dissuade citizens from traveling to vote. Therefore, they had likely lobbied the government into delaying the launch of the pricing scheme.
Yet both the relevant government departments and pro-establishment politicians denied that this was the case. According to the Transport and Logistics Bureau's official explanation, the delay was to ensure that the government would have sufficient time to promote the new pricing scheme before it came into effect. Meanwhile, Chairperson of the Legislative Council's Panel on Transport Ben Chan refused to make "wild guesses" regarding the true intent behind the delay, though he conceded that the adjustment could be useful in preventing confusion on Election Day.
Although congestion has posed a significant issue for years, some believe that the government should not resort to expediting decision-making processes and imposing unpopular policies. Democratic Party lawmaker Lam Cheuk-ting argued that different toll adjustment plans should be made available for scholars, lawmakers, and the public to choose from before its actual implementation. Assuming a non-negotiable approach to addressing problems, no matter how urgent, has been considered ineffective in an environment where public consultation plays a crucial role in achieving the desired outcome.
DAB lawmaker Ben Chan also raised concerns about congestion in all three tunnels. Because the plan aims to redirect traffic toward the Western Harbour Crossing and consequently take up its maximum capacity, it would eventually regress congestion back to its original state. Both aforementioned Frankie Yick and Michael Tien also agree that the scheme's impact would be minimal since incremental toll changes are not enough to divert traffic or affect driver behavior, risking the return of the exact same traffic patterns a year from implementation.
Some even believe that changing tunnel tolls is ultimately less effective than decreasing the number of private cars in Hong Kong, the main culprit of road congestion. Instead of focusing on electronic road pricing, the government has been urged to consider alternative transport policies like stricter licensing for private cars to discourage overuse. In fact, the amount of private cars has increased by almost 40% in the last decade, amounting to approximately 657,000 in total by 2021. Thus, the toll scheme has been widely criticised for its lack of flexibility and long-term effect on the diversion of traffic in Hong Kong.
Ever since the early 2000s, some political parties had been pressuring the government to take strong action to alleviate the traffic congestion. For instance, the Democratic Party suggested in 2003 that the government buy back ownership of the 3 tunnels and place them under the unified control of a new government department. By doing so, the government could freely dictate the tolls for all 3 tunnels, and thus share the traffic burden with the under-used Western Harbour Crossing as well. However, these proposals were repeatedly rejected by the government on the grounds that this would conflict with the longstanding principle of "small government," not to mention make the government structure more cumbersome and expensive. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The new toll scheme for Hong Kong's cross-harbour tunnel, also known as the \"three-tunnel diversion,\" is a plan proposed by Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam in the 2018 Hong Kong Chief Executive's Policy Address to divert traffic from the Cross Harbour Tunnel, Eastern Harbour Crossing and Western Harbour Crossing. It is a form of congestion pricing.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Traffic congestion has emerged as a significant socioeconomic issue in Hong Kong. In 2021, cross-harbour traffic during peak hours has been confirmed to exceed 26% of the total capacity of the three tunnels, and it takes drivers up to 25 minutes on average to pass through the Cross-Harbour Tunnel during the morning rush hour, a full three times higher than during the smooth traffic periods, indicating that the overall traffic congestion in the three tunnels in Hong Kong has reached its peak.",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In recent years, the Hong Kong government has undertaken some efforts to address this challenge by focusing on toll adjustments to redistribute traffic across the three tunnels. Following a tortuous legislative process, the implementation of the three-tunnel diversion policy was officially released in 2023.",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "2008:",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Legislative Council member Raymond Ho Chung-tai proposed that the government could pay for the Western Harbour Crossing and the Harbour Crossing shares from CITIC PACIFIC. The significance of this proposal is that after the acquisition of shares, the ownership of the three tunnels will return to the Hong Kong government. By then, the Hong Kong government will have a greater initiative to reallocate the traffic flow of the three tunnels without being restricted by third parties, thereby easing traffic congestion. However, the proposal did not receive any direct response from Eva Cheng, then Secretary for Transport and Housing and the chairman of the Hong Kong housing authority. As a result, the proposal was shelved.",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "2013:",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The then Hong Kong government led by Leung Chun-ying formally launched the tunnel consultation to the public and proposed three possible toll adjustment plans to explore the possibility of the first step of traffic diversion through the main objective of increasing the price of the Cross-Harbour Tunnel and reducing the price of the Eastern Harbour Crossing. However, the proposal was subsequently met with massive opposition from the members of the Legislative Council, which eventually led to the policy being shelved after a public consultation.",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "2016:",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In the early morning of 7 August 2016, the Eastern Harbour Crossing 's franchise expired and the EHC was officially taken over by the Hong Kong government. At that time, the Road Tunnels (Government) Ordinance (Cap. 368) and its subsidiary legislation were formally extended to cover the Eastern Harbour Crossing. This means that the government's three tunnel diversion plan has been further pushed forward, because the management of the two main tunnels is already in the hands of the government.",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "2018:",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The Hong Kong government, led by Carrie Lam, has again proposed a \"544\" scheme to adjust tolls between the three tunnels. The main proposals of the Scheme include reducing the tolls of the Western Harbour Crossing with government funding, so as to provide economic incentives to attract more people to use the less used tunnel, so as to achieve traffic diversion and relieve traffic congestion. However, the plan was eventually shelved after it failed to gain support in the Legislative Council.",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "2023:",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "The Western Harbour Crossing franchise will be held by the Western Harbour Tunnel Company Limited until 1 August 2023, and its management will be formally transferred to the Hong Kong government. By then, the three cross-harbour tunnels in Hong Kong will finally be fully managed by the Hong Kong government.",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "In August 2023, the first phase of the policy officially began, with the introduction of the 633 fixed toll scheme as a transitional plan. In December of the same year, the time-varying toll plan was further implemented in all directions. Until this moment, the Hong Kong Government has been negotiating for more than 10 years, the three tunnel diversion plan finally officially became a reality.",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "To reduce traffic flow around the Harbour Crossing and the Eastern Harbour Crossing by narrowing the difference between private car tolls as follows:",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "In Western Harbour Crossing，all manual toll booths and Autotoll lanes will be cancelled.",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "To regulate traffic flow more precisely during peak hours and to encourage citizens to use the three tunnels outside peak hours. This policy also simplifies the toll structure for commercial vehicles in the Western Harbour Crossing.",
"title": "Background of the policy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "The 633 toll proposal introduced a significant change in the charges in a relatively complex adjustment. The proposed congestion charges level was said to have been adjusted severally after hearing opinions from the Legislative council; but despite acknowledging the positive effects that the time-subjected toll difference may help alleviate tunnel congestion, Roundtable legislator Michael Tien criticises that doubling the tolls in Cross-Harbour Tunnel and Eastern Harbour Crossing from its previous price a drop would induce inequality to their public users.",
"title": "Criticisms and social discussion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "DAB Legislator Ben Chan also expressed concern over the increasing costs on taxi and other commercial drivers, arguing the policy should consider fixing taxis' tolls at $20 all-day while compressing tolls in commercial vehicles. He added the raise of Cross-Harbour Tunnel and Eastern Harbour Crossing to diverge traffic towards the Western Harbour Crossing may have neglected the needs of the residents in east-northern districts thus creating forced-inequality; where the residents would have relatively less flexibility and/or incentive to shift due to geographic and habit factors, forcing them to pay higher tolls with few room to hedge.",
"title": "Criticisms and social discussion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "The new policy suggested a toll of $25 HKD for taxis and $50 HKD for mini buses had sparked dissatisfaction of unfairness among commercial vehicles. The Then-Commissioner for Transport Rosanna Law explains the toll fee for light trucks, licensed bus and minibus had not been adjusted for almost four decades and costs over $75 HKD in average, the new toll fee is expected to alleviate cost burden for these tunnel users in general, but did not directly address the free difference between taxi and minibus.",
"title": "Criticisms and social discussion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "The 2nd phase of the tunnel diversion splits time spans accordingly as \"peak hours\"and \"non-peak hours\", with different prices of tunnel tolls. In March 2023, legislator Ben Chan doubted the policy's effectiveness in altering users' traffic habits, when the \"peak hours\" design exhibits extensive coverage over the clock creating less temporal differences between the three harbour crossings, thus making ambiguity to the effects of time-varying tolls.",
"title": "Criticisms and social discussion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Rosanna Law assures the diversion effect of the 633 arrangement would gradually become more visible when entering the time-varying toll (also known as phase 2). She said that the new arrangement is functioning when congestion appears later than usual in the first week (August 6th 2023) of the implementation, but the effect is yet to be as obvious to expectations, while further effects are to be observed when students are added to the equation as they return to school.",
"title": "Criticisms and social discussion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "The 633 toll arrangement sets different prices to vehicles according to their types, such as private vehicles, minibus, taxis and trucks. Apart from the criticisms of inequalities in toll prices between minibus and taxi, the lower taxi toll $25 HKD compared to private vehicles $20 HKD (non-peak hours) had caught concerns in creating negative externalities in the transport business. Legislator of Functional constituency: Transport Frankie Yick Chi-ming argues the proposed toll charges difference may encourage acts of patronising unlicensed transport means (usually refer to non-commercial vehicles illegally carrying passengers), because the cost to travel across harbour would be relatively cheaper than taking a taxi.",
"title": "Criticisms and social discussion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "Motorists have held diversified views over the latest pricing scheme. A survey conducted by Hong Kong Research Association had revealed that over 40% of local drivers agreed that the government should change the charges among the three harbour crossings to relieve the cross-harbour traffic congestion problem. Some even supported the adoption of the time-based charging system.",
"title": "Criticisms and social discussion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "Opposing motorists have mainly criticised the drawbacks of the pricing scheme as the charge of Western Harbour Crossing is still too high compared to the two other harbour crossings, which will hence provide insufficient monetary incentives for motorists to change their driving habits. Some also indicated that the time-based charging system might be quite complicated for drivers to understand, resulting in more inconveniences or even opposite effects. Some further expressed their concerns on whether the scheme meets the public needs. Dr. Ringo Lee, President of Hong Kong Automobile Association, claimed that most local employees might not easily change their commuting patterns due to their inflexible working schedules, while traveling earlier would also increase their car-parking costs, these would outweigh the benefits brought by the scheme.",
"title": "Criticisms and social discussion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "Members from commercial vehicle industries have held different opinions over the standardised charges among the three harbour crossings. Those who support, including some taxi drivers and freight drivers, believe that this measure could motivate them to take less congested cross-harbour tunnels, especially Western Harbour Crossing, which hence helps save traveling time and increase their revenues. Some further indicated that this scheme could avoid their falling-out with passengers on taking which cross-harbour tunnels.",
"title": "Criticisms and social discussion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "Disagreements mostly focus on the increasing operation costs caused by the scheme. Some taxi drivers claimed that the cancellation of early morning discounts among the harbour crossings would increase their costs to take cross-harbour businesses. Some minibus drivers indicated that due to their specific customer sources and geographical considerations, it would be troublesome for them to change their tunnel choices. The increasing tunnel charges would hence be shifted to passengers, which eventually worsens their businesses. Courier industry also revealed that they had similar concerns as minibus drivers did, while most local courier companies are small-and-medium enterprises, the latest scheme would affect their competitiveness sharply.",
"title": "Criticisms and social discussion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "Most discussions among experts are focusing on the scheme's effectiveness in diverting cross-harbour traffic. Aaron Bok, former President of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, once claimed that the latest scheme would be reasonable in principle because it might foster cross-harbour traffic diversions in both geography and time. Some further indicated that the phased implementation could help reduce the negative impacts of the scheme and also social resistance, which hence enhances the implementation effectiveness.",
"title": "Criticisms and social discussion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "Nevertheless, some local scholars believed that the latest scheme failed to tackle the structural problem of cross-harbour traffic congestion effectively, which is the insufficient provision of tunnels. It is further recommended that the government should refer to foreign examples and deploy corresponding policies including the construction of the fourth harbour crossing etc.",
"title": "Criticisms and social discussion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "Phase II of the New Pricing Scheme involves differential pricing for private vehicles based on their time of crossing, with drivers being charged more during peak hours. However, some legislators have expressed their dissatisfaction with the government's definition of peak hours, which currently extends from 07:30 to 10:15 am and from 4:30 to 7 pm. DAB Legislator Ben Chan has criticised the defined peak hour period as being too long, and called for a redefinition spanning from 8 to 9:30 am.",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "Similarly, Legislator Kitson Yang questioned the effectiveness of time-based charging on easing tunnel congestion during rush hour. Citing that many citizens would not deliberately go to work early or leave late just to avoid the congestion of peak hours, much less have the flexibility to choose their working hours, Yang argued that reduced tolls would do little to prompt drivers to commute at non-peak hours.",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "However, Lam Sai-hung, Head of the Transport and Logistics Bureau, proposed a different view. He believed that since commuters could save up to $40 per round trip by opting to travel at an earlier hour, saving up to \"the value of a breakfast\" in a day, there was a definite economic incentive for citizens to travel at non-peak hours. Moreover, he also suggested that this would not be as hard to accomplish as envisioned by some legislators, such as by arriving earlier at the workplace and having breakfast there instead.",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "Under the original plan, Phase II of the new Pricing Scheme was set to commence on December 10, which coincided with the first Election Day of the reformed District Councils. Following an announcement that delayed the start of the Scheme to December 17, some public figures have suspected that there was a political motive behind the delay. According to the editorial page of the Hong Kong Economic Journal, some pro-establishment candidates in the District Council elections were worried that there would be traffic confusion on the new pricing scheme's first day of implementation, which could dissuade citizens from traveling to vote. Therefore, they had likely lobbied the government into delaying the launch of the pricing scheme.",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "Yet both the relevant government departments and pro-establishment politicians denied that this was the case. According to the Transport and Logistics Bureau's official explanation, the delay was to ensure that the government would have sufficient time to promote the new pricing scheme before it came into effect. Meanwhile, Chairperson of the Legislative Council's Panel on Transport Ben Chan refused to make \"wild guesses\" regarding the true intent behind the delay, though he conceded that the adjustment could be useful in preventing confusion on Election Day.",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "Although congestion has posed a significant issue for years, some believe that the government should not resort to expediting decision-making processes and imposing unpopular policies. Democratic Party lawmaker Lam Cheuk-ting argued that different toll adjustment plans should be made available for scholars, lawmakers, and the public to choose from before its actual implementation. Assuming a non-negotiable approach to addressing problems, no matter how urgent, has been considered ineffective in an environment where public consultation plays a crucial role in achieving the desired outcome.",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "DAB lawmaker Ben Chan also raised concerns about congestion in all three tunnels. Because the plan aims to redirect traffic toward the Western Harbour Crossing and consequently take up its maximum capacity, it would eventually regress congestion back to its original state. Both aforementioned Frankie Yick and Michael Tien also agree that the scheme's impact would be minimal since incremental toll changes are not enough to divert traffic or affect driver behavior, risking the return of the exact same traffic patterns a year from implementation.",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "Some even believe that changing tunnel tolls is ultimately less effective than decreasing the number of private cars in Hong Kong, the main culprit of road congestion. Instead of focusing on electronic road pricing, the government has been urged to consider alternative transport policies like stricter licensing for private cars to discourage overuse. In fact, the amount of private cars has increased by almost 40% in the last decade, amounting to approximately 657,000 in total by 2021. Thus, the toll scheme has been widely criticised for its lack of flexibility and long-term effect on the diversion of traffic in Hong Kong.",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "Ever since the early 2000s, some political parties had been pressuring the government to take strong action to alleviate the traffic congestion. For instance, the Democratic Party suggested in 2003 that the government buy back ownership of the 3 tunnels and place them under the unified control of a new government department. By doing so, the government could freely dictate the tolls for all 3 tunnels, and thus share the traffic burden with the under-used Western Harbour Crossing as well. However, these proposals were repeatedly rejected by the government on the grounds that this would conflict with the longstanding principle of \"small government,\" not to mention make the government structure more cumbersome and expensive.",
"title": "Controversies"
}
] | The new toll scheme for Hong Kong's cross-harbour tunnel, also known as the "three-tunnel diversion," is a plan proposed by Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam in the 2018 Hong Kong Chief Executive's Policy Address to divert traffic from the Cross Harbour Tunnel, Eastern Harbour Crossing and Western Harbour Crossing. It is a form of congestion pricing. | 2023-12-11T06:31:42Z | 2023-12-30T03:17:07Z | [
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congestion_pricing_in_Hong_Kong |
75,535,935 | Jafrabad Port | Jafrabad Port is a seaport in Gujarat, India, located on the west coast of the country. It is an important port for the export of salt, fish, clinker, and roof tiles, and the import of coal, building materials, timber, and gypsum. Jafrabad Port is operated by the Gujarat Maritime Board, a state-owned corporation. The port has a total of seven berths, including two deep-water berths. The port is equipped with modern cargo handling facilities, including cranes, forklifts, and warehouses. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jafrabad Port is a seaport in Gujarat, India, located on the west coast of the country. It is an important port for the export of salt, fish, clinker, and roof tiles, and the import of coal, building materials, timber, and gypsum. Jafrabad Port is operated by the Gujarat Maritime Board, a state-owned corporation. The port has a total of seven berths, including two deep-water berths. The port is equipped with modern cargo handling facilities, including cranes, forklifts, and warehouses.",
"title": ""
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"title": "References"
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] | Jafrabad Port is a seaport in Gujarat, India, located on the west coast of the country. It is an important port for the export of salt, fish, clinker, and roof tiles, and the import of coal, building materials, timber, and gypsum. Jafrabad Port is operated by the Gujarat Maritime Board, a state-owned corporation. The port has a total of seven berths, including two deep-water berths. The port is equipped with modern cargo handling facilities, including cranes, forklifts, and warehouses. | 2023-12-11T06:39:18Z | 2023-12-13T17:30:37Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jafrabad_Port |
75,535,937 | Leslie Butterfield | Leslie Butterfield CBE, FRSA is a British brand and communications expert.
Butterfield joined the fledgling advertising agency, Boase Massimi Pollitt in October 1975 as a trainee Account Planner. He joined start-up agency Abbott Mead Vickers as Planning Director in April 1980.
Butterfield started Butterfield Day DeVito Hockney in March 1987 with three partners. Initially he was Planning Director, later chairman. The company grew to become a Top 20 UK advertising agency by 2002, securing clients such as Honda, BT, The Cooperative Bank, Harley Davidson, the Labour Party and Mercedes-Benz. In 1998 the agency was sold to Snyder Communications, who in turn were acquired by Havas Groupe in 2000. BDDH was ultimately folded into Havas’ Euro RSCG network in 2003.
Butterfield became involved in work for the UK Labour Party in 1985, when he was introduced by BMP's CEO, Sir Chris Powell, to Labour's ‘Breakfast Group’ (chaired by Peter Mandelson). For that group, he conducted a major piece of qualitative research (titled ‘Society and Self’) to evaluate the impact of Margaret Thatcher's policies on voting intentions, and how Labour might respond to this. In his book, ‘The Unfinished Revolution’, Philip Gould (later Baron Gould of Brookwood) described this as “the single most influential piece of research ever conducted for Labour”. Butterfield conducted another major piece of research after the 1992 election, concluding that a much deeper re-assessment of Labour's offer to the electorate was necessary. He undertook further research, and advised on Labour's communications with the electorate, for each of the next three elections, all won by Tony Blair.
Butterfield left BDDH at the beginning of 2001 to pursue a career now increasingly focused on brand and communications consultancy. His first venture, Butterfield8, was a new consultancy concept that included himself plus seven partners from brand-related disciplines. Butterfield8 was sold to The Ingram Partnership in 2003 and Butterfield joined TIP as a partner. in 2006, Ingram decided to close the business and release all partners from their contracts.
Butterfield briefly ran a new consultancy, Butterfield Partners, in 2007-8 – working with Alliance & Leicester (Santander), Bupa, the Cabinet Office and the Liberal Democrats – before joining Interbrand in November 2008.
In recognition of his services to the Advertising Industry, Butterfield was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the Queen's 2007 Birthday Honours list.
Butterfield joined Interbrand in 2008 as Global Chief Strategy Officer and was later promoted to the Executive Leadership team of the company. Based in London from 2008 to 2012, he moved to Shanghai with his family from 2013 to 2015. On returning to the UK in 2015, Butterfield and his partner left their corporate roles to start a new brand consultancy business - Butterfield Harris.
Butterfield also acted as a Non-exec Director in the recipe box business Mindful Chef from 2015 until its majority sale to Nestlé in 2020. He was also Non-exec Chairman of the research company, Join the Dots Ltd., from 2017 until 2019.
In January 2022, Leslie was invited to become a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Leslie Butterfield CBE, FRSA is a British brand and communications expert.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Butterfield joined the fledgling advertising agency, Boase Massimi Pollitt in October 1975 as a trainee Account Planner. He joined start-up agency Abbott Mead Vickers as Planning Director in April 1980.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Butterfield started Butterfield Day DeVito Hockney in March 1987 with three partners. Initially he was Planning Director, later chairman. The company grew to become a Top 20 UK advertising agency by 2002, securing clients such as Honda, BT, The Cooperative Bank, Harley Davidson, the Labour Party and Mercedes-Benz. In 1998 the agency was sold to Snyder Communications, who in turn were acquired by Havas Groupe in 2000. BDDH was ultimately folded into Havas’ Euro RSCG network in 2003.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Butterfield became involved in work for the UK Labour Party in 1985, when he was introduced by BMP's CEO, Sir Chris Powell, to Labour's ‘Breakfast Group’ (chaired by Peter Mandelson). For that group, he conducted a major piece of qualitative research (titled ‘Society and Self’) to evaluate the impact of Margaret Thatcher's policies on voting intentions, and how Labour might respond to this. In his book, ‘The Unfinished Revolution’, Philip Gould (later Baron Gould of Brookwood) described this as “the single most influential piece of research ever conducted for Labour”. Butterfield conducted another major piece of research after the 1992 election, concluding that a much deeper re-assessment of Labour's offer to the electorate was necessary. He undertook further research, and advised on Labour's communications with the electorate, for each of the next three elections, all won by Tony Blair.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Butterfield left BDDH at the beginning of 2001 to pursue a career now increasingly focused on brand and communications consultancy. His first venture, Butterfield8, was a new consultancy concept that included himself plus seven partners from brand-related disciplines. Butterfield8 was sold to The Ingram Partnership in 2003 and Butterfield joined TIP as a partner. in 2006, Ingram decided to close the business and release all partners from their contracts.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Butterfield briefly ran a new consultancy, Butterfield Partners, in 2007-8 – working with Alliance & Leicester (Santander), Bupa, the Cabinet Office and the Liberal Democrats – before joining Interbrand in November 2008.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In recognition of his services to the Advertising Industry, Butterfield was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the Queen's 2007 Birthday Honours list.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Butterfield joined Interbrand in 2008 as Global Chief Strategy Officer and was later promoted to the Executive Leadership team of the company. Based in London from 2008 to 2012, he moved to Shanghai with his family from 2013 to 2015. On returning to the UK in 2015, Butterfield and his partner left their corporate roles to start a new brand consultancy business - Butterfield Harris.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Butterfield also acted as a Non-exec Director in the recipe box business Mindful Chef from 2015 until its majority sale to Nestlé in 2020. He was also Non-exec Chairman of the research company, Join the Dots Ltd., from 2017 until 2019.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In January 2022, Leslie was invited to become a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Leslie Butterfield, is a British brand and communications expert. | 2023-12-11T06:40:14Z | 2023-12-29T10:46:37Z | [
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75,535,938 | Moseulpo Port | 33°12′58″N 126°15′02″E / 33.2159843°N 126.250474°E / 33.2159843; 126.250474 (모슬포항)
Moseulpo Port (Korean: 모슬포항; Hanja: 摹瑟浦港) is a port in Hamo-ri, Seogwipo, Jeju Province, South Korea. | [
{
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"text": "33°12′58″N 126°15′02″E / 33.2159843°N 126.250474°E / 33.2159843; 126.250474 (모슬포항)",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Moseulpo Port (Korean: 모슬포항; Hanja: 摹瑟浦港) is a port in Hamo-ri, Seogwipo, Jeju Province, South Korea.",
"title": ""
}
] | Moseulpo Port is a port in Hamo-ri, Seogwipo, Jeju Province, South Korea. | 2023-12-11T06:40:21Z | 2023-12-11T07:05:57Z | [
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75,535,944 | 2024–25 Singapore Premier League | The 2024–25 Singapore Premier League (also known as the AIA Singapore Premier League due to sponsorship reasons) is the 6th season of the Singapore Premier League, the top-flight Singaporean professional league for association football clubs, since its rebranding in 2018.
The following key changes were made to the rules for the 2023 season:
The following key changes were made to the rules since the 2022 season:
A total of 9 teams competed in the league. Albirex Niigata (S) is now a fully localised club this season, and are subject to the same rules as other local clubs, while DPMM FC is an invited foreign club from Brunei.
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
The maximum number of foreign players allowed per match has been increased from four (including one from an AFC member association) to six (including one from AFC and one Under-21 player). To offer more flexibility for clubs competing in continental tournaments, discussions are underway to allow registration of up to nine foreign players (five of any nationality, one from Asia, and three Under-21s).
Players name in bold indicates the player was registered during the mid-season transfer window.
Young Lions can register a total of three foreign or overaged Singaporean players. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024–25 Singapore Premier League (also known as the AIA Singapore Premier League due to sponsorship reasons) is the 6th season of the Singapore Premier League, the top-flight Singaporean professional league for association football clubs, since its rebranding in 2018.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The following key changes were made to the rules for the 2023 season:",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The following key changes were made to the rules since the 2022 season:",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "A total of 9 teams competed in the league. Albirex Niigata (S) is now a fully localised club this season, and are subject to the same rules as other local clubs, while DPMM FC is an invited foreign club from Brunei.",
"title": "Teams"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "Teams"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "Teams"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The maximum number of foreign players allowed per match has been increased from four (including one from an AFC member association) to six (including one from AFC and one Under-21 player). To offer more flexibility for clubs competing in continental tournaments, discussions are underway to allow registration of up to nine foreign players (five of any nationality, one from Asia, and three Under-21s).",
"title": "Foreign players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Players name in bold indicates the player was registered during the mid-season transfer window.",
"title": "Foreign players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Young Lions can register a total of three foreign or overaged Singaporean players.",
"title": "Foreign players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "",
"title": "Singapore Premier League Awards night winners"
}
] | The 2024–25 Singapore Premier League is the 6th season of the Singapore Premier League, the top-flight Singaporean professional league for association football clubs, since its rebranding in 2018. | 2023-12-11T06:41:13Z | 2023-12-30T15:17:15Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%E2%80%9325_Singapore_Premier_League |
75,535,947 | Russell Coker | Russell Coker is an Australian computer programmer based in Melbourne. He has been actively involved in the free and open-source software community and is a long time Debian developer. He has also made contributions to Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) in the forms of creating reference policy and integrating SELinux to the wider free software ecosystem. In 2003, Coker was awarded a grant from the James and Charlotte Griffin Foundation for his work on SELinux.
He also created the free and open source file system benchmarking software Bonnie++.
Coker developed a interest in computer programming at a young age, initially with a Talking Electronics TEC-1 computer kit, which was widely available in Australia in the 1980s. He was interested in Unix in high school but due to the curriculum design of his computer class, he didn't have access to it until university.
He obtained his Computer Science and Software Engineering degree at Swinburne University.
Russell Coker used to host a SELinux-enabled server with open root access, allowing anyone on the internet to login as 'root' (administrator account) to demonstrate SELinux can create a secure system without using the Unix permissions model. The server was powered by a Compaq P3-800 system running Debian/Etch in a Xen DomU and provided SSH access via a Tor Hidden Service. As of 2023, the play machine is no longer accessible.
As a Debian Developer, Coker helped create and maintain Debian packages for many SELinux libraries and tools for better Debian integration. He also contributed to Debian's SELinux wiki pages.
In an effort to enhance the security of embedded systems, Russell Coker first ported SELinux to User-Mode Linux to aid development and then modified SELinux to integrate it with iPaQs running Familiar Linux. In his 2001 paper "Porting NSA SE Linux to Hand Held devices", he concludes that "Security Enhanced Linux on a hand-held device can consume less than 1.3M of RAM and less than 400K of disk space (or less than 200K if you really squeeze things)" and believes "the benefits of reducing repair and maintenance problems with hand-held devices that are deployed in the field through better security outweigh the disadvantage of increased memory use for many applications". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Russell Coker is an Australian computer programmer based in Melbourne. He has been actively involved in the free and open-source software community and is a long time Debian developer. He has also made contributions to Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) in the forms of creating reference policy and integrating SELinux to the wider free software ecosystem. In 2003, Coker was awarded a grant from the James and Charlotte Griffin Foundation for his work on SELinux.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He also created the free and open source file system benchmarking software Bonnie++.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Coker developed a interest in computer programming at a young age, initially with a Talking Electronics TEC-1 computer kit, which was widely available in Australia in the 1980s. He was interested in Unix in high school but due to the curriculum design of his computer class, he didn't have access to it until university.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "He obtained his Computer Science and Software Engineering degree at Swinburne University.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Russell Coker used to host a SELinux-enabled server with open root access, allowing anyone on the internet to login as 'root' (administrator account) to demonstrate SELinux can create a secure system without using the Unix permissions model. The server was powered by a Compaq P3-800 system running Debian/Etch in a Xen DomU and provided SSH access via a Tor Hidden Service. As of 2023, the play machine is no longer accessible.",
"title": "Work on SELinux"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "As a Debian Developer, Coker helped create and maintain Debian packages for many SELinux libraries and tools for better Debian integration. He also contributed to Debian's SELinux wiki pages.",
"title": "Work on SELinux"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In an effort to enhance the security of embedded systems, Russell Coker first ported SELinux to User-Mode Linux to aid development and then modified SELinux to integrate it with iPaQs running Familiar Linux. In his 2001 paper \"Porting NSA SE Linux to Hand Held devices\", he concludes that \"Security Enhanced Linux on a hand-held device can consume less than 1.3M of RAM and less than 400K of disk space (or less than 200K if you really squeeze things)\" and believes \"the benefits of reducing repair and maintenance problems with hand-held devices that are deployed in the field through better security outweigh the disadvantage of increased memory use for many applications\".",
"title": "Work on SELinux"
}
] | Russell Coker is an Australian computer programmer based in Melbourne. He has been actively involved in the free and open-source software community and is a long time Debian developer. He has also made contributions to Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) in the forms of creating reference policy and integrating SELinux to the wider free software ecosystem. In 2003, Coker was awarded a grant from the James and Charlotte Griffin Foundation for his work on SELinux. He also created the free and open source file system benchmarking software Bonnie++. | 2023-12-11T06:42:36Z | 2023-12-20T02:44:37Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Coker |
75,535,961 | Chidi Nwaogu | Chidi Nwaogu (born 20 May 1990) is a Nigerian tech entrepreneur and software developer, who is presently one of the founders of Publiseer, a Lagos-based digital publishing company. Before the creation of Publiseer, he founded and sold two startup companies, which includes LAGbook, a social network with more than one million registered users, which was acquired in 2013.
In 2021, Chidi was recognized by the Jack Ma Foundation as one of the Top 10 Africa's Business Heroes and listed on the YNaija Power List as one of the 100 Most Powerful Young Nigerians.
Founded in 2017 with his twin brother, Chika, Publiseer works with independent African creators to monetize their creative content in 100 countries. As of September 2022, the company has worked with 8,000 creators in Africa, including Nigerian recording artists, Erigga and CDQ. In partnership with Google, Publiseer is available in Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, South Africa, and Egypt. Based on the number of creators on its platform, Publiseer has been referred to as, "one of the largest independent digital publishers in Africa".
Chidi is one of the founders of Savvy, a program that trains, supports, and funds entrepreneurs. In partnership with the Kenya Private Sector Alliance, Savvy has trained 7,500 entrepreneurs. Savvy was founded in 2020, and the virtually conducted program is available in about 100 languages and is funded by the International Telecommunication Union and the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation.
LAGbook was a social networking service from Nigeria, which targeted young individuals between the ages of 18 and 30, looking to make friends online. With 4,000 daily new registrations, the social network also had users from India, Germany, Canada, and Spain. Founded in 2010 by Chidi and his brother, Chika, while they were still studying at the University of Lagos, LAGbook reached one million registered users within three years.
In 2020, Chidi received the Migration Entrepreneurship Prize by the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Other awards include the African Entrepreneurship Award by Bank of Africa, Roddenberry Foundation Catalyst Award, the International Telecommunication Union Award for Global Innovation, and the HundrED Global Collection Award for Leading Education Innovation.
Chidi has been recognized by Legit.ng, in its Legit Business Names of 2022, as one of the "8 most outstanding business personalities in Nigeria". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Chidi Nwaogu (born 20 May 1990) is a Nigerian tech entrepreneur and software developer, who is presently one of the founders of Publiseer, a Lagos-based digital publishing company. Before the creation of Publiseer, he founded and sold two startup companies, which includes LAGbook, a social network with more than one million registered users, which was acquired in 2013.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In 2021, Chidi was recognized by the Jack Ma Foundation as one of the Top 10 Africa's Business Heroes and listed on the YNaija Power List as one of the 100 Most Powerful Young Nigerians.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Founded in 2017 with his twin brother, Chika, Publiseer works with independent African creators to monetize their creative content in 100 countries. As of September 2022, the company has worked with 8,000 creators in Africa, including Nigerian recording artists, Erigga and CDQ. In partnership with Google, Publiseer is available in Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, South Africa, and Egypt. Based on the number of creators on its platform, Publiseer has been referred to as, \"one of the largest independent digital publishers in Africa\".",
"title": "Publiseer"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Chidi is one of the founders of Savvy, a program that trains, supports, and funds entrepreneurs. In partnership with the Kenya Private Sector Alliance, Savvy has trained 7,500 entrepreneurs. Savvy was founded in 2020, and the virtually conducted program is available in about 100 languages and is funded by the International Telecommunication Union and the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation.",
"title": "Savvy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "LAGbook was a social networking service from Nigeria, which targeted young individuals between the ages of 18 and 30, looking to make friends online. With 4,000 daily new registrations, the social network also had users from India, Germany, Canada, and Spain. Founded in 2010 by Chidi and his brother, Chika, while they were still studying at the University of Lagos, LAGbook reached one million registered users within three years.",
"title": "LAGbook"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 2020, Chidi received the Migration Entrepreneurship Prize by the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Other awards include the African Entrepreneurship Award by Bank of Africa, Roddenberry Foundation Catalyst Award, the International Telecommunication Union Award for Global Innovation, and the HundrED Global Collection Award for Leading Education Innovation.",
"title": "Awards and Recognition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Chidi has been recognized by Legit.ng, in its Legit Business Names of 2022, as one of the \"8 most outstanding business personalities in Nigeria\".",
"title": "Awards and Recognition"
}
] | Chidi Nwaogu is a Nigerian tech entrepreneur and software developer, who is presently one of the founders of Publiseer, a Lagos-based digital publishing company. Before the creation of Publiseer, he founded and sold two startup companies, which includes LAGbook, a social network with more than one million registered users, which was acquired in 2013. In 2021, Chidi was recognized by the Jack Ma Foundation as one of the Top 10 Africa's Business Heroes and listed on the YNaija Power List as one of the 100 Most Powerful Young Nigerians. | 2023-12-11T06:47:34Z | 2023-12-28T03:48:45Z | [
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75,535,962 | City Hotel (New Orleans) | The City Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States was one of the city's major antebellum hotels, but maybe not quite so storied as the older St. Louis and St. Charles Hotels. As explained by a city historian in 1922, the "social life of New Orleans revolved around its great hotels to a degree greater than was the case, probably, in other American city." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The City Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States was one of the city's major antebellum hotels, but maybe not quite so storied as the older St. Louis and St. Charles Hotels. As explained by a city historian in 1922, the \"social life of New Orleans revolved around its great hotels to a degree greater than was the case, probably, in other American city.\"",
"title": ""
}
] | The City Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States was one of the city's major antebellum hotels, but maybe not quite so storied as the older St. Louis and St. Charles Hotels. As explained by a city historian in 1922, the "social life of New Orleans revolved around its great hotels to a degree greater than was the case, probably, in other American city." | 2023-12-11T06:47:37Z | 2023-12-11T23:52:49Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_Hotel_(New_Orleans) |
75,535,986 | Whitecrown (Chugach Mountains) | Whitecrown is a 6,390-foot (1,948 m) mountain summit in the U.S. state of Alaska.
Whitecrown is located 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Girdwood in the Chugach Mountains, on land managed by Chugach National Forest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north to Knik Arm via Knik River and south to Turnagain Arm via the Twentymile River. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant as the summit rises approximately 4,400 feet (1,341 m) above the headwaters of Twentymile River in 1.5 miles (2.4 km). The first ascent of the summit was made March 22, 2014, by Wayne L. Todd and Carrie Wang via the southeast ridge.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Whitecrown is located in a tundra climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Weather systems coming off the Gulf of Alaska are forced upwards by the Chugach Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −20 °F. This climate supports unnamed glaciers surrounding the peak. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing. | [
{
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"text": "Whitecrown is a 6,390-foot (1,948 m) mountain summit in the U.S. state of Alaska.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Whitecrown is located 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Girdwood in the Chugach Mountains, on land managed by Chugach National Forest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north to Knik Arm via Knik River and south to Turnagain Arm via the Twentymile River. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant as the summit rises approximately 4,400 feet (1,341 m) above the headwaters of Twentymile River in 1.5 miles (2.4 km). The first ascent of the summit was made March 22, 2014, by Wayne L. Todd and Carrie Wang via the southeast ridge.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Based on the Köppen climate classification, Whitecrown is located in a tundra climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Weather systems coming off the Gulf of Alaska are forced upwards by the Chugach Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −20 °F. This climate supports unnamed glaciers surrounding the peak. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing.",
"title": "Climate"
}
] | Whitecrown is a 6,390-foot (1,948 m) mountain summit in the U.S. state of Alaska. | 2023-12-11T06:54:27Z | 2023-12-11T06:54:27Z | [
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75,535,990 | Nagulapalli Dhanalakshmi | Nagulapalli Dhanalakshmi (born 6 December 1984) is an Indian politician from East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. She is elected to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) in the 2019 Assembly election from Rampachodavaram constituency of East Godavari district defeating Telugu Desam party candidate Vanthala Rajeswari by 39,206 votes.
She is born in 1984 to Nagulapalli Raghava and Veerabbayi Dora in Gondolu village of Addateegala mandal in the then East Godavari district. She completed her B.A at SKR College in Rajahmundry in 2011 and later did her B.Ed. She was a teacher at the Girijan Welfare residential school in Errampalem. She resigned the job in June 2018 to enter politics. She became a first-time MLA in 2019. Her mother Nagulapalli Raghava is elected as a sarpanch of Gondolu Panchayat for the third time in 2021. | [
{
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"text": "Nagulapalli Dhanalakshmi (born 6 December 1984) is an Indian politician from East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. She is elected to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) in the 2019 Assembly election from Rampachodavaram constituency of East Godavari district defeating Telugu Desam party candidate Vanthala Rajeswari by 39,206 votes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "She is born in 1984 to Nagulapalli Raghava and Veerabbayi Dora in Gondolu village of Addateegala mandal in the then East Godavari district. She completed her B.A at SKR College in Rajahmundry in 2011 and later did her B.Ed. She was a teacher at the Girijan Welfare residential school in Errampalem. She resigned the job in June 2018 to enter politics. She became a first-time MLA in 2019. Her mother Nagulapalli Raghava is elected as a sarpanch of Gondolu Panchayat for the third time in 2021.",
"title": ""
}
] | Nagulapalli Dhanalakshmi is an Indian politician from East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. She is elected to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) in the 2019 Assembly election from Rampachodavaram constituency of East Godavari district defeating Telugu Desam party candidate Vanthala Rajeswari by 39,206 votes. She is born in 1984 to Nagulapalli Raghava and Veerabbayi Dora in Gondolu village of Addateegala mandal in the then East Godavari district. She completed her B.A at SKR College in Rajahmundry in 2011 and later did her B.Ed. She was a teacher at the Girijan Welfare residential school in Errampalem. She resigned the job in June 2018 to enter politics. She became a first-time MLA in 2019. Her mother Nagulapalli Raghava is elected as a sarpanch of Gondolu Panchayat for the third time in 2021. | 2023-12-11T06:55:17Z | 2023-12-11T14:27:23Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagulapalli_Dhanalakshmi |
75,535,993 | South sudan music | South Sudan Music | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "South Sudan Music",
"title": ""
}
] | South Sudan Music | 2023-12-11T06:55:47Z | 2023-12-11T06:55:47Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_sudan_music |
75,536,006 | Lana (album) | Lana is the upcoming reissue of the second studio album SOS by American singer SZA. It is scheduled to be released in December 2023 through RCA Records.
For her second studio album, SOS, American singer-songwriter SZA wrote and recorded over 100 songs within a timespan of five years. It was released on December 9, 2022, to widespread acclaim and high commercial success. The album garnered a score of 90 on the review aggregate website Metacritic, debuted atop the Billboard 200, broke a string of chart records, and gave SZA several career milestones. Twenty-three songs were included on the standard version's tracklist, curated primarily by Punch, president of SZA's label, Top Dawg Entertainment. The two conflicted regarding the songs SZA wanted to include on SOS; she described Punch as someone with "a very strong opinion" about the matter in a December 2022 Consequence cover story.
During the album rollout, many of SZA's unreleased songs were spreading around the Internet. Fans gravitated towards them and wanted them on the tracklist like SZA did, but Punch, as well as SOS producer Rob Bisel, had reservations. SZA told Rolling Stone in December 2022 that one song, "Joni", was excluded because "no one wants to hear songs that were out for years", and another, "Boy from South Detroit", was not deemed exciting enough for inclusion despite the positive reception from fans on Twitter. Such songs, which comprised some of the approximately 100 outtakes, could be included on the deluxe instead, per the information she shared to Consequence, Rolling Stone, and, in January 2023, Most Requested Live. She remarked for the third interview: "There are still songs that didn't make the album that I wanted to make the album, but that's what deluxe and things are for. Sometimes it's 10 songs that didn't make the cut, so we'll see."
On February 25, 2023, Billboard reported that ten songs will be released as part of the deluxe edition of SOS. SZA held a surprise album celebration party in September, in which she officially announced the deluxe version. She described it as a "whole 'nother album" that consists of "seven to ten songs". During the event, SZA would perform four of the new tracks: "Saturn", "PSA", "DTM", and "Boy from South Detroit". In November 2023, SZA further clarified that the project is "turning into its own album" and thought about releasing it "randomly" as it would be unexpected. She compared herself to Frank Ocean and André 3000 in that she is free to do whatever she wants. Elaborating on her decision to release another full album worth of material, she said that it had become more than expected and referred to the creative process as fun and did not spent too much time living in her "own head".
On December 10, SZA revealed six cover art variants for Lana on her Instagram. As the day also coincided with the one-year anniversary of her second studio album, she described the feeling of having the album out for a year as life-changing and confessed that she still has not yet "processed this year". In response to the post, Billboard speculated the release date was slated for December 15 due to SZA wearing the jersey shirt number 15.
SZA, whose real name is Solana Rowe, used one of her nicknames to give SOS its title, and the same was true for Lana. She got her nickname "Lana" at 13 years old, when she planned to have her first name tattooed on her. According to her, she had to pay $10 per letter, but having only $40, she used only the last four letters of "Solana" for her tattoo. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Lana is the upcoming reissue of the second studio album SOS by American singer SZA. It is scheduled to be released in December 2023 through RCA Records.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "For her second studio album, SOS, American singer-songwriter SZA wrote and recorded over 100 songs within a timespan of five years. It was released on December 9, 2022, to widespread acclaim and high commercial success. The album garnered a score of 90 on the review aggregate website Metacritic, debuted atop the Billboard 200, broke a string of chart records, and gave SZA several career milestones. Twenty-three songs were included on the standard version's tracklist, curated primarily by Punch, president of SZA's label, Top Dawg Entertainment. The two conflicted regarding the songs SZA wanted to include on SOS; she described Punch as someone with \"a very strong opinion\" about the matter in a December 2022 Consequence cover story.",
"title": "Background and promotion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "During the album rollout, many of SZA's unreleased songs were spreading around the Internet. Fans gravitated towards them and wanted them on the tracklist like SZA did, but Punch, as well as SOS producer Rob Bisel, had reservations. SZA told Rolling Stone in December 2022 that one song, \"Joni\", was excluded because \"no one wants to hear songs that were out for years\", and another, \"Boy from South Detroit\", was not deemed exciting enough for inclusion despite the positive reception from fans on Twitter. Such songs, which comprised some of the approximately 100 outtakes, could be included on the deluxe instead, per the information she shared to Consequence, Rolling Stone, and, in January 2023, Most Requested Live. She remarked for the third interview: \"There are still songs that didn't make the album that I wanted to make the album, but that's what deluxe and things are for. Sometimes it's 10 songs that didn't make the cut, so we'll see.\"",
"title": "Background and promotion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On February 25, 2023, Billboard reported that ten songs will be released as part of the deluxe edition of SOS. SZA held a surprise album celebration party in September, in which she officially announced the deluxe version. She described it as a \"whole 'nother album\" that consists of \"seven to ten songs\". During the event, SZA would perform four of the new tracks: \"Saturn\", \"PSA\", \"DTM\", and \"Boy from South Detroit\". In November 2023, SZA further clarified that the project is \"turning into its own album\" and thought about releasing it \"randomly\" as it would be unexpected. She compared herself to Frank Ocean and André 3000 in that she is free to do whatever she wants. Elaborating on her decision to release another full album worth of material, she said that it had become more than expected and referred to the creative process as fun and did not spent too much time living in her \"own head\".",
"title": "Background and promotion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On December 10, SZA revealed six cover art variants for Lana on her Instagram. As the day also coincided with the one-year anniversary of her second studio album, she described the feeling of having the album out for a year as life-changing and confessed that she still has not yet \"processed this year\". In response to the post, Billboard speculated the release date was slated for December 15 due to SZA wearing the jersey shirt number 15.",
"title": "Background and promotion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "SZA, whose real name is Solana Rowe, used one of her nicknames to give SOS its title, and the same was true for Lana. She got her nickname \"Lana\" at 13 years old, when she planned to have her first name tattooed on her. According to her, she had to pay $10 per letter, but having only $40, she used only the last four letters of \"Solana\" for her tattoo.",
"title": "Title"
}
] | Lana is the upcoming reissue of the second studio album SOS by American singer SZA. It is scheduled to be released in December 2023 through RCA Records. | 2023-12-11T06:57:50Z | 2023-12-30T06:01:37Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana_(album) |
75,536,008 | Royal Commission of Inquiry into COVID-19 Lessons Learned | The Royal Commission of Inquiry into COVID-19 Lessons Learned (Te Tira Ārai Urutā) is a Royal Commission of Inquiry appointed by the New Zealand Government to look at its official response to the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand. Its focus is to look at lessons learnt from the Government response to prepare for future pandemics. The inquiry examines the overall pandemic response with the exception of decisions made by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand's Monetary Policy Committee.
On 5 December 2022, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and Minister of Health Ayesha Verrall formally announced that the Labour Government would be holding a Royal Commission of Inquiry into its COVID-19 pandemic response. The inquiry was chaired by Australian-based epidemiologist Tony Blakely, former National Party cabinet minister Hekia Parata, and former New Zealand Treasury secretary John Whitehead. The inquiry was launched on 1 February 2023 and expected to finish in mid-2024. Ardern estimated that the royal commission would cost about NZ$15 million.
The inquiry examined the overall pandemic response including the health response, border management, community care, isolation, quarantine, and the economic response including monetary policy. The inquiry also covered the impact of the pandemic on Māori interests within the framework of the Treaty of Waitangi relationship, its impact on essential workers and vulnerable populations and communities, and the legislative, regulatory and operational settings required to support NZ's immediate economic response to a future pandemic.
The inquiry also did not look at the Government's "individual decisions," the application of policies to individual cases or circumstances, judgements and decisions made by courts, tribunals and other agencies on COVID-19-related matters, private sector operations, and certain decisions made by the Reserve Bank's independent monetary policy committee. In addition the inquiry did not look at changes to court and parliamentary proceedings, and the conduct of the 2020 New Zealand general election.
On 13 November 2023, Radio New Zealand reported that the first stage of the inquiry had been running for several months. The commissioners held private meetings with over 200 organisations including industry leaders from the farming and supermarket sectors, and small regional groups such as the Tolaga Bay Area School. According to Blakely, Ardern from the onset had decided against holding public hearings to promote a non-adversarial atmosphere that would allow the commissioners to have "free and frank" discussions with a range of people. By contrast, the UK COVID-19 Inquiry which had public hearings.
In addition to private meetings, the Inquiry planned to launch its second phase at the end of November where people would be allowed to make online submissions. Respondents could choose to remain anonymous and keep their information confidential.
On 1 December 2023, The Spinoff reported that Parata had resigned from the Royal Commission on 15 November 2023 following the electoral defeat of the Labour Government. In response to the incoming National Government's plans to introduce an independent inquiry, Blakely stated that he was open to the new Government reviewing the Royal Commission's terms of reference. That same day, the Royal Commission announced that it had delayed hearing public submissions until 2024 while the National-led coalition government reviews its scope. While National's coalition partner New Zealand First has advocated a separate independent inquiry, Prime Minister Christopher Luxon has indicated his openness to expanding the scope of the Royal Commission.
While epidemiologist Michael Baker welcomed the inquiry as a means of preparing for the next pandemic, the Green and National parties regarded the inquiry's scope as too narrow and called for a separate review into its economic impact. While campaigning during the lead up to the 2023 New Zealand general election, the populist New Zealand First party's leader Winston Peters had criticised the Royal Commission's terms of reference for being "too limited" and called for an unrestricted COVID-19 inquiry that was not run by Parliament.
Following the 2023 New Zealand election, the incoming National-led coalition government announced that it would hold a separate independent inquiry into the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand. National had forged a coalition agreement with New Zealand First, which had campaigned on compensating people who lost their jobs due to the vaccine mandates or suffered vaccine injuries. As part of the National-NZ First coalition agreement, the independent inquiry would be conducted publicly with both local and international experts. This independent inquiry would cover the use of multiple lockdowns, vaccine procurement and efficacy, the social and economic impacts at both national and regional levels, and whether the Government's COVID-related decisions and steps were justified.
Official website | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Royal Commission of Inquiry into COVID-19 Lessons Learned (Te Tira Ārai Urutā) is a Royal Commission of Inquiry appointed by the New Zealand Government to look at its official response to the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand. Its focus is to look at lessons learnt from the Government response to prepare for future pandemics. The inquiry examines the overall pandemic response with the exception of decisions made by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand's Monetary Policy Committee.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On 5 December 2022, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and Minister of Health Ayesha Verrall formally announced that the Labour Government would be holding a Royal Commission of Inquiry into its COVID-19 pandemic response. The inquiry was chaired by Australian-based epidemiologist Tony Blakely, former National Party cabinet minister Hekia Parata, and former New Zealand Treasury secretary John Whitehead. The inquiry was launched on 1 February 2023 and expected to finish in mid-2024. Ardern estimated that the royal commission would cost about NZ$15 million.",
"title": "Launch"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The inquiry examined the overall pandemic response including the health response, border management, community care, isolation, quarantine, and the economic response including monetary policy. The inquiry also covered the impact of the pandemic on Māori interests within the framework of the Treaty of Waitangi relationship, its impact on essential workers and vulnerable populations and communities, and the legislative, regulatory and operational settings required to support NZ's immediate economic response to a future pandemic.",
"title": "Scope"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The inquiry also did not look at the Government's \"individual decisions,\" the application of policies to individual cases or circumstances, judgements and decisions made by courts, tribunals and other agencies on COVID-19-related matters, private sector operations, and certain decisions made by the Reserve Bank's independent monetary policy committee. In addition the inquiry did not look at changes to court and parliamentary proceedings, and the conduct of the 2020 New Zealand general election.",
"title": "Scope"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On 13 November 2023, Radio New Zealand reported that the first stage of the inquiry had been running for several months. The commissioners held private meetings with over 200 organisations including industry leaders from the farming and supermarket sectors, and small regional groups such as the Tolaga Bay Area School. According to Blakely, Ardern from the onset had decided against holding public hearings to promote a non-adversarial atmosphere that would allow the commissioners to have \"free and frank\" discussions with a range of people. By contrast, the UK COVID-19 Inquiry which had public hearings.",
"title": "Hearings"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In addition to private meetings, the Inquiry planned to launch its second phase at the end of November where people would be allowed to make online submissions. Respondents could choose to remain anonymous and keep their information confidential.",
"title": "Hearings"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On 1 December 2023, The Spinoff reported that Parata had resigned from the Royal Commission on 15 November 2023 following the electoral defeat of the Labour Government. In response to the incoming National Government's plans to introduce an independent inquiry, Blakely stated that he was open to the new Government reviewing the Royal Commission's terms of reference. That same day, the Royal Commission announced that it had delayed hearing public submissions until 2024 while the National-led coalition government reviews its scope. While National's coalition partner New Zealand First has advocated a separate independent inquiry, Prime Minister Christopher Luxon has indicated his openness to expanding the scope of the Royal Commission.",
"title": "Hearings"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "While epidemiologist Michael Baker welcomed the inquiry as a means of preparing for the next pandemic, the Green and National parties regarded the inquiry's scope as too narrow and called for a separate review into its economic impact. While campaigning during the lead up to the 2023 New Zealand general election, the populist New Zealand First party's leader Winston Peters had criticised the Royal Commission's terms of reference for being \"too limited\" and called for an unrestricted COVID-19 inquiry that was not run by Parliament.",
"title": "Responses"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Following the 2023 New Zealand election, the incoming National-led coalition government announced that it would hold a separate independent inquiry into the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand. National had forged a coalition agreement with New Zealand First, which had campaigned on compensating people who lost their jobs due to the vaccine mandates or suffered vaccine injuries. As part of the National-NZ First coalition agreement, the independent inquiry would be conducted publicly with both local and international experts. This independent inquiry would cover the use of multiple lockdowns, vaccine procurement and efficacy, the social and economic impacts at both national and regional levels, and whether the Government's COVID-related decisions and steps were justified.",
"title": "Responses"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Official website",
"title": "External links"
}
] | The Royal Commission of Inquiry into COVID-19 Lessons Learned is a Royal Commission of Inquiry appointed by the New Zealand Government to look at its official response to the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand. Its focus is to look at lessons learnt from the Government response to prepare for future pandemics. The inquiry examines the overall pandemic response with the exception of decisions made by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand's Monetary Policy Committee. | 2023-12-11T06:58:04Z | 2023-12-25T20:47:34Z | [
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"Template:Official",
"Template:COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_COVID-19_Lessons_Learned |
75,536,020 | California mission project | The California mission project is an assignment done in California elementary schools, most often in the fourth grade, where students build dioramas of one of the 21 Spanish missions in California. Despite not being included in the California Common Core educational standards, the project was vastly popular and done throughout the state. In recent years, the popularity of the project has declined due to scrutiny on what the assignment teaches students about the treatment of indigenous Californians in the California Spanish missions.
The mission project is commonly assigned to California elementary school students in the fourth grade when they're first learning about their state's Spanish missions. Students are assigned one of the 21 Spanish missions in California and have to build a diorama out of common household objects such as popsicle sticks, sugar cubes, papier-mâché, and cardboard. The project is so commonly done that premade kits of specific missions can be found in craft stores and giftshops at the missions themselves.
Alongside the mission project, some schools send their classes to local Missions to learn about its history and participate in child-friendly Mission-era activities such as leather tooling, churning butter, and making tortillas by hand.
The 21 Spanish missions in present day California were built between 1769 and 1833 largely by indigenous Californians at the behest of Spanish Franciscan priests who sought to evangelize them. The natives were forced to stay in the missions and were kept in squalid conditions, forced to work, and were severely malnourished. The mission Indians also experienced beatings, torture, and brandings at the hands of the friars. Approximately 62,000 indigenous Californians died by the time the missions ceased operation in 1833.
"At the missions, the priests worked to create loyal Spanish subjects. . . . They would move the California Indians into the missions, teach them to be Christians, and show them European ways."
— Exercept from Lesson 3, "The Mission System" in the 2007 textbook California: A Changing State, Emphasis added by Deborah A. Miranda.
The fourth grade is the first, and potentially only, time that California students learn about the California missions. As a result, many textbooks and educational resources throughout history glossed over the mistreatment of Indigenous Californians in the missions and glorified the actions of the Spanish due to being aimed towards children. According to a history journal, the Spanish colonists were depicted as heroic pioneers in the first lessons about California history in 1925. In the 1960s and 70s, certain Californian educators actively worked to promote the image of the Spanish priests who worked in missions.
Models of California missions have been built in California schools since the 1960s. Despite never being included in California's educational curriculum, the assignment spread across the state.
"Building missions from sugar cubes or popsicle sticks does not help students understand the period and is offensive to many. Instead, students should have access to multiple sources to help them understand the lives of different groups of people who lived in and around missions, so that students can place them in a comparative context."
— Exercept from Chapter 7, "California: A Changing State" in the 2017 History/Social Science Framework for California public schools.
The prevalence of the project has dropped substantially as of the mid 2010s. While indigenous and Chicano educational activists have protested the disingenuous portrayal of the California missions since the 1960s, it wasn't until 2016 that the state of California took a stance against the project.
The historical curriculum framework adopted by the California Department of Education in 2016 and revealed to the public in 2017 specifically recommends against the mission project as form of teaching students about the missions. Chapter 7 of this framework revolves around fourth grade education and instead recommends teachers to ask their students to consider what life was like for the several groups who were involved with the missions, such as "the native population, the Spanish military, the Spanish–Mexican settler population, and the missionaries". This is one of the many changes made by the California History-Social Science Project (CHSSP), the creators of the framework, that seeks to teach the history of Indigenous Californians in a more historic and comprehensive way. According to the executive director of the CHSSP, "building a mission doesn't really teach [students] anything" and "is offensive to many".
Despite the new framework, the mission project continues to be done in certain elementary schools. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The California mission project is an assignment done in California elementary schools, most often in the fourth grade, where students build dioramas of one of the 21 Spanish missions in California. Despite not being included in the California Common Core educational standards, the project was vastly popular and done throughout the state. In recent years, the popularity of the project has declined due to scrutiny on what the assignment teaches students about the treatment of indigenous Californians in the California Spanish missions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The mission project is commonly assigned to California elementary school students in the fourth grade when they're first learning about their state's Spanish missions. Students are assigned one of the 21 Spanish missions in California and have to build a diorama out of common household objects such as popsicle sticks, sugar cubes, papier-mâché, and cardboard. The project is so commonly done that premade kits of specific missions can be found in craft stores and giftshops at the missions themselves.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Alongside the mission project, some schools send their classes to local Missions to learn about its history and participate in child-friendly Mission-era activities such as leather tooling, churning butter, and making tortillas by hand.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The 21 Spanish missions in present day California were built between 1769 and 1833 largely by indigenous Californians at the behest of Spanish Franciscan priests who sought to evangelize them. The natives were forced to stay in the missions and were kept in squalid conditions, forced to work, and were severely malnourished. The mission Indians also experienced beatings, torture, and brandings at the hands of the friars. Approximately 62,000 indigenous Californians died by the time the missions ceased operation in 1833.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "\"At the missions, the priests worked to create loyal Spanish subjects. . . . They would move the California Indians into the missions, teach them to be Christians, and show them European ways.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "— Exercept from Lesson 3, \"The Mission System\" in the 2007 textbook California: A Changing State, Emphasis added by Deborah A. Miranda.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The fourth grade is the first, and potentially only, time that California students learn about the California missions. As a result, many textbooks and educational resources throughout history glossed over the mistreatment of Indigenous Californians in the missions and glorified the actions of the Spanish due to being aimed towards children. According to a history journal, the Spanish colonists were depicted as heroic pioneers in the first lessons about California history in 1925. In the 1960s and 70s, certain Californian educators actively worked to promote the image of the Spanish priests who worked in missions.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Models of California missions have been built in California schools since the 1960s. Despite never being included in California's educational curriculum, the assignment spread across the state.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "\"Building missions from sugar cubes or popsicle sticks does not help students understand the period and is offensive to many. Instead, students should have access to multiple sources to help them understand the lives of different groups of people who lived in and around missions, so that students can place them in a comparative context.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "— Exercept from Chapter 7, \"California: A Changing State\" in the 2017 History/Social Science Framework for California public schools.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The prevalence of the project has dropped substantially as of the mid 2010s. While indigenous and Chicano educational activists have protested the disingenuous portrayal of the California missions since the 1960s, it wasn't until 2016 that the state of California took a stance against the project.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The historical curriculum framework adopted by the California Department of Education in 2016 and revealed to the public in 2017 specifically recommends against the mission project as form of teaching students about the missions. Chapter 7 of this framework revolves around fourth grade education and instead recommends teachers to ask their students to consider what life was like for the several groups who were involved with the missions, such as \"the native population, the Spanish military, the Spanish–Mexican settler population, and the missionaries\". This is one of the many changes made by the California History-Social Science Project (CHSSP), the creators of the framework, that seeks to teach the history of Indigenous Californians in a more historic and comprehensive way. According to the executive director of the CHSSP, \"building a mission doesn't really teach [students] anything\" and \"is offensive to many\".",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Despite the new framework, the mission project continues to be done in certain elementary schools.",
"title": "History"
}
] | The California mission project is an assignment done in California elementary schools, most often in the fourth grade, where students build dioramas of one of the 21 Spanish missions in California. Despite not being included in the California Common Core educational standards, the project was vastly popular and done throughout the state. In recent years, the popularity of the project has declined due to scrutiny on what the assignment teaches students about the treatment of indigenous Californians in the California Spanish missions. | 2023-12-11T07:01:55Z | 2023-12-11T09:29:52Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_mission_project |
75,536,026 | Luxembourg and the 2008 financial crisis | The Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008, which was the biggest financial calamity since the Great Depression, required state intervention by the Luxembourgish government, but did not hit Luxembourg as severe as other countries.
The crisis started with the collapse of the US sub-prime mortgage market in early 2007 and overlapped to the international financial system. From summer 2007, the interbank market was defined by an increased demand for funding and interbank operations in Luxembourg. Interbank loans from Luxembourgish banks rose until the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in September 2008. At that time, the Luxembourgish financial place was already one of the leading banking centers in the Eurozone. It was also the second-largest mutual fund center in the world and the leading reinsurance market in the European Union. The financial sector, as the main engine for Luxembourg’s national economy, was responsible for 29% of the country’s GDP, 12% of employment and circa one-fifth of the total tax revenues in 2008.
At the culmination of the crisis in 2008, the Luxembourgish government had to intervene in the rescue of Fortis and Dexia, two cross-border banks with large subsidiaries in Luxembourg. Fortis was a Belgian and Dutch merger, which had purchased Banque Générale du Luxembourg (BGL) in 2000. In December 2008, the Luxembourgish state converted a subordinated loan into shareholder’s equity and held from there on one-third of the capital of BGL. The other two-thirds were acquired by the French BNP Paribas. Only a few months earlier, Fortis had won the Global Finance Award for the best bank in Belgium and Luxembourg and now it was dissolved. The other bank that needed government funding was Dexia, a group composed of a Belgian, a French and the Luxembourgish bank Banque internationale à Luxembourg (BIL). Dexia was at the time of the crisis the second largest employer after ArcelorMittal. The Belgian and French states provided €6 billion, while Luxembourg paid €376 million. The three governments offered a joint guarantee of €150 billion, out of which Luxembourg generated €4.5 billion. Furthermore, the Luxembourgish financial supervisor (Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier) placed subsidiaries of the Icelandic banks Glitnir Bank, Kaupthing and Landsbanki in judicial liquidation. The private banking sector in Luxembourg survived the crisis as one of the most profitable in Europe. This was due to the profit margin that was higher than that of the general banking industry. From the beginning of the crisis not more than ten funds had been suspended. The Luxembourgish fund industry knew one of the strongest asset growths in 2009. Luxembourg’s comparatively stable way through the crisis was in part due to its specialization in the fund industry. Funds experienced inflows of capital because financial assets worth billions of euros had been destroyed. Considering the employment in 2009, 2.9% of employees in the banking industry and 2.3% in the whole financial sector lost their jobs. These numbers were less severe than in the leading international financial centers New York and London, where job losses lay at 8.8%, respectively 15.3%. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008, which was the biggest financial calamity since the Great Depression, required state intervention by the Luxembourgish government, but did not hit Luxembourg as severe as other countries.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The crisis started with the collapse of the US sub-prime mortgage market in early 2007 and overlapped to the international financial system. From summer 2007, the interbank market was defined by an increased demand for funding and interbank operations in Luxembourg. Interbank loans from Luxembourgish banks rose until the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in September 2008. At that time, the Luxembourgish financial place was already one of the leading banking centers in the Eurozone. It was also the second-largest mutual fund center in the world and the leading reinsurance market in the European Union. The financial sector, as the main engine for Luxembourg’s national economy, was responsible for 29% of the country’s GDP, 12% of employment and circa one-fifth of the total tax revenues in 2008.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "At the culmination of the crisis in 2008, the Luxembourgish government had to intervene in the rescue of Fortis and Dexia, two cross-border banks with large subsidiaries in Luxembourg. Fortis was a Belgian and Dutch merger, which had purchased Banque Générale du Luxembourg (BGL) in 2000. In December 2008, the Luxembourgish state converted a subordinated loan into shareholder’s equity and held from there on one-third of the capital of BGL. The other two-thirds were acquired by the French BNP Paribas. Only a few months earlier, Fortis had won the Global Finance Award for the best bank in Belgium and Luxembourg and now it was dissolved. The other bank that needed government funding was Dexia, a group composed of a Belgian, a French and the Luxembourgish bank Banque internationale à Luxembourg (BIL). Dexia was at the time of the crisis the second largest employer after ArcelorMittal. The Belgian and French states provided €6 billion, while Luxembourg paid €376 million. The three governments offered a joint guarantee of €150 billion, out of which Luxembourg generated €4.5 billion. Furthermore, the Luxembourgish financial supervisor (Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier) placed subsidiaries of the Icelandic banks Glitnir Bank, Kaupthing and Landsbanki in judicial liquidation. The private banking sector in Luxembourg survived the crisis as one of the most profitable in Europe. This was due to the profit margin that was higher than that of the general banking industry. From the beginning of the crisis not more than ten funds had been suspended. The Luxembourgish fund industry knew one of the strongest asset growths in 2009. Luxembourg’s comparatively stable way through the crisis was in part due to its specialization in the fund industry. Funds experienced inflows of capital because financial assets worth billions of euros had been destroyed. Considering the employment in 2009, 2.9% of employees in the banking industry and 2.3% in the whole financial sector lost their jobs. These numbers were less severe than in the leading international financial centers New York and London, where job losses lay at 8.8%, respectively 15.3%.",
"title": ""
}
] | The Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008, which was the biggest financial calamity since the Great Depression, required state intervention by the Luxembourgish government, but did not hit Luxembourg as severe as other countries. The crisis started with the collapse of the US sub-prime mortgage market in early 2007 and overlapped to the international financial system. From summer 2007, the interbank market was defined by an increased demand for funding and interbank operations in Luxembourg. Interbank loans from Luxembourgish banks rose until the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in September 2008. At that time, the Luxembourgish financial place was already one of the leading banking centers in the Eurozone. It was also the second-largest mutual fund center in the world and the leading reinsurance market in the European Union. The financial sector, as the main engine for Luxembourg’s national economy, was responsible for 29% of the country’s GDP, 12% of employment and circa one-fifth of the total tax revenues in 2008. At the culmination of the crisis in 2008, the Luxembourgish government had to intervene in the rescue of Fortis and Dexia, two cross-border banks with large subsidiaries in Luxembourg. Fortis was a Belgian and Dutch merger, which had purchased Banque Générale du Luxembourg (BGL) in 2000. In December 2008, the Luxembourgish state converted a subordinated loan into shareholder’s equity and held from there on one-third of the capital of BGL. The other two-thirds were acquired by the French BNP Paribas. Only a few months earlier, Fortis had won the Global Finance Award for the best bank in Belgium and Luxembourg and now it was dissolved. The other bank that needed government funding was Dexia, a group composed of a Belgian, a French and the Luxembourgish bank Banque internationale à Luxembourg (BIL). Dexia was at the time of the crisis the second largest employer after ArcelorMittal. The Belgian and French states provided €6 billion, while Luxembourg paid €376 million. The three governments offered a joint guarantee of €150 billion, out of which Luxembourg generated €4.5 billion. Furthermore, the Luxembourgish financial supervisor placed subsidiaries of the Icelandic banks Glitnir Bank, Kaupthing and Landsbanki in judicial liquidation.
The private banking sector in Luxembourg survived the crisis as one of the most profitable in Europe. This was due to the profit margin that was higher than that of the general banking industry. From the beginning of the crisis not more than ten funds had been suspended. The Luxembourgish fund industry knew one of the strongest asset growths in 2009. Luxembourg’s comparatively stable way through the crisis was in part due to its specialization in the fund industry. Funds experienced inflows of capital because financial assets worth billions of euros had been destroyed.
Considering the employment in 2009, 2.9% of employees in the banking industry and 2.3% in the whole financial sector lost their jobs. These numbers were less severe than in the leading international financial centers New York and London, where job losses lay at 8.8%, respectively 15.3%. | 2023-12-11T07:02:18Z | 2024-01-01T00:53:15Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_and_the_2008_financial_crisis |
75,536,053 | Walajapet Kasiviswanathar Temple | Kasiviswanathar Temple is a historical Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, situated in Walajapet neighbourhood, Ranipet in the state of Tamil Nadu in the peninsular India. This temple is built around 300 years ago.
This temple is located at an altitude of about 175.69 metres (576.4 ft) with the geographic coordinates of (12°55′32.9″N 79°21′34.9″E / 12.925806°N 79.359694°E / 12.925806; 79.359694) in Walajapet.
The main deity of this temple is Kasiviswanathar and the Goddess is Kasivisalakshi. Maha Vishnu, Brahma, Durga, Rishabarudar, Shiv lingam, Nandi, Parvathavardhini, Dakshinamurthy, Ardhanareeswarar, Vinayagar, Pallhani Andavar, Subrahmanya with consorts Valli and Devasena, Sun, Moon, Thirunavukkarasar, Sundarar, Sambandar, Manikkavacakar, 63 Nayanmars, Bhairava, Nagas, Chandikeswarar, Saneeswarar are the other deities in this temple.
This temple is maintained under the control of Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu.
YouTube - Kasiviswanathar Temple, Walajapet | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Kasiviswanathar Temple is a historical Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, situated in Walajapet neighbourhood, Ranipet in the state of Tamil Nadu in the peninsular India. This temple is built around 300 years ago.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "This temple is located at an altitude of about 175.69 metres (576.4 ft) with the geographic coordinates of (12°55′32.9″N 79°21′34.9″E / 12.925806°N 79.359694°E / 12.925806; 79.359694) in Walajapet.",
"title": "Location"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The main deity of this temple is Kasiviswanathar and the Goddess is Kasivisalakshi. Maha Vishnu, Brahma, Durga, Rishabarudar, Shiv lingam, Nandi, Parvathavardhini, Dakshinamurthy, Ardhanareeswarar, Vinayagar, Pallhani Andavar, Subrahmanya with consorts Valli and Devasena, Sun, Moon, Thirunavukkarasar, Sundarar, Sambandar, Manikkavacakar, 63 Nayanmars, Bhairava, Nagas, Chandikeswarar, Saneeswarar are the other deities in this temple.",
"title": "Deities"
},
{
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"text": "This temple is maintained under the control of Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu.",
"title": "Maintenance"
},
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"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "YouTube - Kasiviswanathar Temple, Walajapet",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Kasiviswanathar Temple is a historical Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, situated in Walajapet neighbourhood, Ranipet in the state of Tamil Nadu in the peninsular India. This temple is built around 300 years ago. | 2023-12-11T07:10:23Z | 2023-12-11T14:15:46Z | [
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75,536,059 | 2024 Ultimate Cup Series | The 2024 Ultimate Cup Series will be the sixth season of the Ultimate Cup Series. It will begin at Circuit Paul Ricard on 15 March and will end at the same venue on 8 November. The Ultimate Cup Series is a program comprising multiple endurance and sprint championships across different classes of motor racing.
The 2024 calendar will see the Portuguese round move from Estoril to Algarve. The round at Navarra will be replaced by a round at Mugello, marking the series return to the venue after last competing there in 2019.
The Endurance Prototype Challenge will be open to LMP3, Nova Proto NP02s and Group CN cars.
The Endurance GT Touring Challenge will be open to GT3, GT4, single-make series (Porsche Carrera Cup, Ferrari Challenge, Lamborghini Super Trofeo), TCR cars.
The Sprint GT Touring Challenge will be open to GT3, GT4, single-make series (Porsche Carrera Cup, Ferrari Challenge, Lamborghini Super Trofeo), TCR cars.
The Challenge Monoplace will be open to Tatuus FR-19 cars in the F3R class, Tatuus FR2.0/13s in the FR2.0 class and Mygale M14-F4 and Tatuus F4 cars in the F4 class. An extra class will be introduced to separate between entries in the F3R class using 13-inch or 17-inch tyres. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 Ultimate Cup Series will be the sixth season of the Ultimate Cup Series. It will begin at Circuit Paul Ricard on 15 March and will end at the same venue on 8 November. The Ultimate Cup Series is a program comprising multiple endurance and sprint championships across different classes of motor racing.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The 2024 calendar will see the Portuguese round move from Estoril to Algarve. The round at Navarra will be replaced by a round at Mugello, marking the series return to the venue after last competing there in 2019.",
"title": "Calendar"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Endurance Prototype Challenge will be open to LMP3, Nova Proto NP02s and Group CN cars.",
"title": "Endurance Prototype Challenge"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Endurance GT Touring Challenge will be open to GT3, GT4, single-make series (Porsche Carrera Cup, Ferrari Challenge, Lamborghini Super Trofeo), TCR cars.",
"title": "Endurance GT Touring Challenge"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Sprint GT Touring Challenge will be open to GT3, GT4, single-make series (Porsche Carrera Cup, Ferrari Challenge, Lamborghini Super Trofeo), TCR cars.",
"title": "Sprint GT Touring Challenge"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Challenge Monoplace will be open to Tatuus FR-19 cars in the F3R class, Tatuus FR2.0/13s in the FR2.0 class and Mygale M14-F4 and Tatuus F4 cars in the F4 class. An extra class will be introduced to separate between entries in the F3R class using 13-inch or 17-inch tyres.",
"title": "Challenge Monoplace"
}
] | The 2024 Ultimate Cup Series will be the sixth season of the Ultimate Cup Series. It will begin at Circuit Paul Ricard on 15 March and will end at the same venue on 8 November. The Ultimate Cup Series is a program comprising multiple endurance and sprint championships across different classes of motor racing. | 2023-12-11T07:11:51Z | 2023-12-12T17:56:11Z | [
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75,536,064 | Itala 120 | fhdfh | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "fhdfh",
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] | fhdfh | 2023-12-11T07:13:01Z | 2023-12-11T07:13:01Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itala_120 |
75,536,071 | SS Taiaroa (1943) | The SS Taiaroa was a New Zealand-built Castle-class ship built for Royal New Zealand Navy during World War II for the intention for use as a minesweeper, later being converted into a fishing trawler.
The vessel was ordered after the New Zealand government, facing a requirement for more minesweepers to operate in home waters, chose the Castle-class design because it was simple enough to be built with the country's limited ship construction facilities at the time.
Originally launched as the HMNZS Waikato in 1943, she was planned to have been commissioned in 1944, and was to serve in the 97th Auxiliary minesweeping group. But construction would be stopped when she was 95% complete and was declared war surplus.
In 1946, she was sold to the National Mortgage and Agency Company, being renamed to Taiaroa, and was converted into a fishing trawler, and would operate at Dunedin. On 28 July 1952, a man was found dead on the deck of Taiaroa, having fallen head first. a member of the crew, Charles Munday told the police that he was walking with the man on the wharf, and while he was climbing down to the trawler, the man fell head first onto Taiaroa. Charles would report this to the fireman of Taiaroa, but because he didn't see the man because of the darkness, the fireman presumed he was under the influence of liquor, told him to get off the ship. Charles would then report the accident to the police, and when the police arrived, they found the man dead. In September of 1974, she was laid up in Wellington, where for almost a decade, she would be badly vandalised. In April of 1982, she was sold by the Wellington Harbour Board to recover costs, she was to be used for the movie Savage Islands, and would sail to Tauranga under her own power to be converted. In one of the final scenes of the movie, she was to be blown up, which was only meant to damage deck structures, unfortunately she caught fire, also setting fire to a wildlife reserve on Motoura island. After a lengthy court case, Taiaroa was stripped, and given to the RNZAF to be sunk. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The SS Taiaroa was a New Zealand-built Castle-class ship built for Royal New Zealand Navy during World War II for the intention for use as a minesweeper, later being converted into a fishing trawler.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The vessel was ordered after the New Zealand government, facing a requirement for more minesweepers to operate in home waters, chose the Castle-class design because it was simple enough to be built with the country's limited ship construction facilities at the time.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Originally launched as the HMNZS Waikato in 1943, she was planned to have been commissioned in 1944, and was to serve in the 97th Auxiliary minesweeping group. But construction would be stopped when she was 95% complete and was declared war surplus.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1946, she was sold to the National Mortgage and Agency Company, being renamed to Taiaroa, and was converted into a fishing trawler, and would operate at Dunedin. On 28 July 1952, a man was found dead on the deck of Taiaroa, having fallen head first. a member of the crew, Charles Munday told the police that he was walking with the man on the wharf, and while he was climbing down to the trawler, the man fell head first onto Taiaroa. Charles would report this to the fireman of Taiaroa, but because he didn't see the man because of the darkness, the fireman presumed he was under the influence of liquor, told him to get off the ship. Charles would then report the accident to the police, and when the police arrived, they found the man dead. In September of 1974, she was laid up in Wellington, where for almost a decade, she would be badly vandalised. In April of 1982, she was sold by the Wellington Harbour Board to recover costs, she was to be used for the movie Savage Islands, and would sail to Tauranga under her own power to be converted. In one of the final scenes of the movie, she was to be blown up, which was only meant to damage deck structures, unfortunately she caught fire, also setting fire to a wildlife reserve on Motoura island. After a lengthy court case, Taiaroa was stripped, and given to the RNZAF to be sunk.",
"title": "History"
}
] | The SS Taiaroa was a New Zealand-built Castle-class ship built for Royal New Zealand Navy during World War II for the intention for use as a minesweeper, later being converted into a fishing trawler. | 2023-12-11T07:15:02Z | 2023-12-29T12:01:05Z | [
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75,536,096 | Colorado's 4th House of Representatives district | Colorado's 4th House of Representatives district is one of 65 districts in the Colorado House of Representatives. It has been represented by Democrat Tim Hernández since 2023.
District 4 covers western and northwestern Denver.
The district is located entirely within Colorado's 1st congressional district and the 34th district within the Colorado Senate.
Democrat Tim Hernández was appointed to the house seat by the Democratic Vacancy Committee on August 26, 2023. The seat was made vacant by Serena Gonzales-Gutierrez, who resigned to become a member of the Denver City Council. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Colorado's 4th House of Representatives district is one of 65 districts in the Colorado House of Representatives. It has been represented by Democrat Tim Hernández since 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "District 4 covers western and northwestern Denver.",
"title": "Geography"
},
{
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"text": "The district is located entirely within Colorado's 1st congressional district and the 34th district within the Colorado Senate.",
"title": "Geography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Democrat Tim Hernández was appointed to the house seat by the Democratic Vacancy Committee on August 26, 2023. The seat was made vacant by Serena Gonzales-Gutierrez, who resigned to become a member of the Denver City Council.",
"title": "Recent election results"
}
] | Colorado's 4th House of Representatives district is one of 65 districts in the Colorado House of Representatives. It has been represented by Democrat Tim Hernández since 2023. | 2023-12-11T07:23:09Z | 2023-12-31T23:16:57Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado%27s_4th_House_of_Representatives_district |
75,536,143 | Mathias Delorge | Mathias Delorge-Knieper (born 31 July 2004) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Sint-Truiden.
Delorge is a youth product of Heers VV before moving to Sint-Truiden's academy in 2011. In November 2020, he started training with the senior team for the first time. On 15 January 2021, he signed his first professional contract with Sint-Truiden and started playing with their reserves. He was a part of the senior team for the preseason in the summer of 2021.
Delorge made his senior and professional debut with Sint-Truiden as a substitute in a 3–0 win over Standard Liège on 10 April 2022. In the summer of 2022 he tore his meniscus, which kept him out for 4 months. On January 31 2023, he was loaned to Lierse Kempenzonen in the Challenger Pro League for the second half of the season. Making 10 appearances and scoring 1 goal on his loan, Delorge returned to Sint-Truiden for the 2023–24 season.
Delorge is a youth international for Belgium, having played for the Belgium U20s in November 2023.
Mathias is the son of Peter Delorge and nephew of Kristof Delorge, both former professional footballers. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mathias Delorge-Knieper (born 31 July 2004) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Sint-Truiden.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Delorge is a youth product of Heers VV before moving to Sint-Truiden's academy in 2011. In November 2020, he started training with the senior team for the first time. On 15 January 2021, he signed his first professional contract with Sint-Truiden and started playing with their reserves. He was a part of the senior team for the preseason in the summer of 2021.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Delorge made his senior and professional debut with Sint-Truiden as a substitute in a 3–0 win over Standard Liège on 10 April 2022. In the summer of 2022 he tore his meniscus, which kept him out for 4 months. On January 31 2023, he was loaned to Lierse Kempenzonen in the Challenger Pro League for the second half of the season. Making 10 appearances and scoring 1 goal on his loan, Delorge returned to Sint-Truiden for the 2023–24 season.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Delorge is a youth international for Belgium, having played for the Belgium U20s in November 2023.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Mathias is the son of Peter Delorge and nephew of Kristof Delorge, both former professional footballers.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Mathias Delorge-Knieper is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Sint-Truiden. | 2023-12-11T07:36:32Z | 2023-12-11T08:16:53Z | [
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75,536,158 | Marie-Laure Salles | Marie-Laure Salles-Djelic (born in 1956 in Villeneuve-sur-Lot) is a French sociologist of organizations, a university professor and a university administrator. She is director of the Geneva Graduate Institute and has been the dean of the School of Management and Innovation at Sciences Po Paris, which she launched in 2016.
Salles obtained a PhD in sociology from Harvard University in 1996. She was professor of business at the ESSEC Business School where she taught organization theory. In 2016, she became a professor at the Sciences Po Centre of Organisational Sociology. In 2019, she was nominated director of the Geneva Graduate Institute.
Salles' research interests range from the contemporary transformations of capitalism, the international diffusion of ideas and practices, corporate social responsibility and their political role, the deployment of globalization and the dynamics of regulation and governance in a globalized economic environment.
In 2014, she was awarded a honorary doctorate from the University of Stockholm. Salles was named Knight of the Legion of Honor in France en 2017. In 2000, the American Sociological Association awarded her the Max Weber Award for Distinguished Scholarship.
Representative publications include: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Marie-Laure Salles-Djelic (born in 1956 in Villeneuve-sur-Lot) is a French sociologist of organizations, a university professor and a university administrator. She is director of the Geneva Graduate Institute and has been the dean of the School of Management and Innovation at Sciences Po Paris, which she launched in 2016.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Salles obtained a PhD in sociology from Harvard University in 1996. She was professor of business at the ESSEC Business School where she taught organization theory. In 2016, she became a professor at the Sciences Po Centre of Organisational Sociology. In 2019, she was nominated director of the Geneva Graduate Institute.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Salles' research interests range from the contemporary transformations of capitalism, the international diffusion of ideas and practices, corporate social responsibility and their political role, the deployment of globalization and the dynamics of regulation and governance in a globalized economic environment.",
"title": "Work"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2014, she was awarded a honorary doctorate from the University of Stockholm. Salles was named Knight of the Legion of Honor in France en 2017. In 2000, the American Sociological Association awarded her the Max Weber Award for Distinguished Scholarship.",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Representative publications include:",
"title": "Publications"
}
] | Marie-Laure Salles-Djelic is a French sociologist of organizations, a university professor and a university administrator. She is director of the Geneva Graduate Institute and has been the dean of the School of Management and Innovation at Sciences Po Paris, which she launched in 2016. | 2023-12-11T07:39:42Z | 2023-12-15T12:55:37Z | [
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75,536,196 | Wayne County Prosecutor's Office | The Prosecuting Attorney of Wayne County is in charge of the office that prosecutes felony and misdemeanor crimes that occur within Wayne County, Michigan, United States. The current prosecuting attorney (DA) is Kym L. Worthy.
Felonies in Wayne County are prosecuted by the Prosecuting attorney's office. According to the district attorney's official website, the office prosecutes over 52% of all felony cases in Michigan. They office is the 10th largest case load of criminal cases in America.
The published mission of the office: "The mission of the Wayne County Prosecutor's Office is to pursue justice, to safeguard the community by demanding accountability for those who commit crimes and to enhance the quality of life by changing the culture of violence."
The current make of the office 180 assistant prosecuting attorneys, 24 investigators, and 70 clerical and non-lawyer support staff. The Fiscal year Budget for the office was $63,424,485.00 in Expenditures for the 2022–23. The expended pudge for 2023–24 is estimated to be $61,608,625.00.
Before Michigan became a state in the Territorial dates, the Territorial Governor was able to appoint Public Prosecutors for the term of two years.
When the office of the Prosecuting Attorney was the county's Lawyer to advise County officials. "The principal business of the Prosecuting Attorney is the conduct of criminal cases. The office was also responsible for representing the county in all suits where the County was named as a party. In exercising this function, he is not, or should not be, a prosecutor in the ordinary acceptance of the word, for the law provided that he shall safeguard the rights of defendants." He is not even permitted to tell a jury that the defendant is guilty of the offense charged."
On June 17, 1971, the Wayne County Board of Commissioners passed a resolution to employ a civil counsel to act as the office of corporation counsel to represent the city in all civil cases. Removing the power to represent the county in civil cases from the County Prosecutor. This was done under a state law allowed at the time.
""WHEREAS, the Board of Commissioners in order to implement County Reorganization, will need independent, impartial and unbiased legal counsel to represent the Board of Commissioners in all legal matters relating to Wayne County."
"RESOLVED, that the Civil Division of the Prosecuting Attorney's Office be removed from the Office of the Prosecuting Attorney and that the Civil Division be designated as the Office of the Wayne County Corporation Counsel."
The resolution claimed that the "complexity of civil litigation involving the county" had increased, and they Prosecuting attorney had increased the number of criminal prosecutors to 37 but not increased the staff of the civil division.
The then-county prosecutor William L. Cahalan sued over this resolution. Wayne County Prosecuting Attorney v Wayne County Board of Commissioners (1972) 205 N.W.2d 27, 44 Mich. App. 144. The Court of Appeals found the board of commissioners did not abuse their discretion under state law. The removing the civil caseload from the prosecutors office.
In 2000, Wayne County Prosecutor had a staff of 160 assistant prosecutors on staff and handed two-thirds of the state's 60,000 felony cases.
Administration Division
Communications Division
Juvenile Division
Criminal Investigation Division (CID)
Screening and District Courts Division
Trial Division
Research, Training and Appeals Division
Special Operations Divisions
Special Prosecutions Division
Special Victim's Division
Victim Service Unit
Information Technology Division
Conviction Integrity Unit
In March 2018 the newly created Conviction Integrity unit worked on overturing the Conviction of Richard Phillips, at the time of his conviction he was 27. At the time of the overturing conviction he was 71-years-old. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Prosecuting Attorney of Wayne County is in charge of the office that prosecutes felony and misdemeanor crimes that occur within Wayne County, Michigan, United States. The current prosecuting attorney (DA) is Kym L. Worthy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Felonies in Wayne County are prosecuted by the Prosecuting attorney's office. According to the district attorney's official website, the office prosecutes over 52% of all felony cases in Michigan. They office is the 10th largest case load of criminal cases in America.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The published mission of the office: \"The mission of the Wayne County Prosecutor's Office is to pursue justice, to safeguard the community by demanding accountability for those who commit crimes and to enhance the quality of life by changing the culture of violence.\"",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The current make of the office 180 assistant prosecuting attorneys, 24 investigators, and 70 clerical and non-lawyer support staff. The Fiscal year Budget for the office was $63,424,485.00 in Expenditures for the 2022–23. The expended pudge for 2023–24 is estimated to be $61,608,625.00.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Before Michigan became a state in the Territorial dates, the Territorial Governor was able to appoint Public Prosecutors for the term of two years.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "When the office of the Prosecuting Attorney was the county's Lawyer to advise County officials. \"The principal business of the Prosecuting Attorney is the conduct of criminal cases. The office was also responsible for representing the county in all suits where the County was named as a party. In exercising this function, he is not, or should not be, a prosecutor in the ordinary acceptance of the word, for the law provided that he shall safeguard the rights of defendants.\" He is not even permitted to tell a jury that the defendant is guilty of the offense charged.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On June 17, 1971, the Wayne County Board of Commissioners passed a resolution to employ a civil counsel to act as the office of corporation counsel to represent the city in all civil cases. Removing the power to represent the county in civil cases from the County Prosecutor. This was done under a state law allowed at the time.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "\"\"WHEREAS, the Board of Commissioners in order to implement County Reorganization, will need independent, impartial and unbiased legal counsel to represent the Board of Commissioners in all legal matters relating to Wayne County.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "\"RESOLVED, that the Civil Division of the Prosecuting Attorney's Office be removed from the Office of the Prosecuting Attorney and that the Civil Division be designated as the Office of the Wayne County Corporation Counsel.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The resolution claimed that the \"complexity of civil litigation involving the county\" had increased, and they Prosecuting attorney had increased the number of criminal prosecutors to 37 but not increased the staff of the civil division.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The then-county prosecutor William L. Cahalan sued over this resolution. Wayne County Prosecuting Attorney v Wayne County Board of Commissioners (1972) 205 N.W.2d 27, 44 Mich. App. 144. The Court of Appeals found the board of commissioners did not abuse their discretion under state law. The removing the civil caseload from the prosecutors office.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In 2000, Wayne County Prosecutor had a staff of 160 assistant prosecutors on staff and handed two-thirds of the state's 60,000 felony cases.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Administration Division",
"title": "Makeup of the Office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Communications Division",
"title": "Makeup of the Office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Juvenile Division",
"title": "Makeup of the Office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Criminal Investigation Division (CID)",
"title": "Makeup of the Office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Screening and District Courts Division",
"title": "Makeup of the Office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Trial Division",
"title": "Makeup of the Office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Research, Training and Appeals Division",
"title": "Makeup of the Office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Special Operations Divisions",
"title": "Makeup of the Office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Special Prosecutions Division",
"title": "Makeup of the Office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Special Victim's Division",
"title": "Makeup of the Office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Victim Service Unit",
"title": "Makeup of the Office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "Information Technology Division",
"title": "Makeup of the Office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "Conviction Integrity Unit",
"title": "Makeup of the Office"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "In March 2018 the newly created Conviction Integrity unit worked on overturing the Conviction of Richard Phillips, at the time of his conviction he was 27. At the time of the overturing conviction he was 71-years-old.",
"title": "Conviction Integrity Unit Outcome"
}
] | The Prosecuting Attorney of Wayne County is in charge of the office that prosecutes felony and misdemeanor crimes that occur within Wayne County, Michigan, United States. The current prosecuting attorney (DA) is Kym L. Worthy. Felonies in Wayne County are prosecuted by the Prosecuting attorney's office. According to the district attorney's official website, the office prosecutes over 52% of all felony cases in Michigan. They office is the 10th largest case load of criminal cases in America. The published mission of the office: "The mission of the Wayne County Prosecutor's Office is to pursue justice, to safeguard the community by demanding accountability for those who commit crimes and to enhance the quality of life by changing the culture of violence." The current make of the office 180 assistant prosecuting attorneys, 24 investigators, and 70 clerical and non-lawyer support staff. The Fiscal year Budget for the office was $63,424,485.00 in Expenditures for the 2022–23. The expended pudge for 2023–24 is estimated to be $61,608,625.00. | 2023-12-11T07:46:55Z | 2023-12-31T04:58:09Z | [
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75,536,206 | 2024 in Brunei | Events in the year 2024 in Brunei.
Source: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Events in the year 2024 in Brunei.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "Holidays"
}
] | Events in the year 2024 in Brunei. | 2023-12-11T07:50:03Z | 2023-12-11T08:28:18Z | [
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75,536,248 | Geomys jugossicularis | Geomys jugossicularis, also known as Hall's pocket gopher and Colorado pocket gopher, is a species of pocket gopher native to the western United States (Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska). Little is known of its behavior or ecology aside from typical behaviors of the other pocket gophers.
This species was originally considered a subspecies of the Sand Hills pocket gopher and then later a subspecies of the plains pocket gopher. Chromosomal and genetic evidence have supported that there is no gene flow between this species and either G. lutescens or G. bursarius, suggesting that this is a distinct species. It forms a clade that is genetically distinct from all other members of this genus. This species is a sister species to Geomys lutescens.
There are two subspecies: G. j. jugossicularis and G. j. halli. G. j. halli was formerly considered a subspecies of Geomys lutescens, but was found to be genetically distinct from that species. G. j. jugossicularis is found in northeastern Colorado, while G. j. halli is found in western Nebraska. The exact border between the two subspecies is not known. They differ in their karyotype numbers and in G. j. halli being smaller.g
G. j. halli is named after Eugene Raymond Hall. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Geomys jugossicularis, also known as Hall's pocket gopher and Colorado pocket gopher, is a species of pocket gopher native to the western United States (Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska). Little is known of its behavior or ecology aside from typical behaviors of the other pocket gophers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "This species was originally considered a subspecies of the Sand Hills pocket gopher and then later a subspecies of the plains pocket gopher. Chromosomal and genetic evidence have supported that there is no gene flow between this species and either G. lutescens or G. bursarius, suggesting that this is a distinct species. It forms a clade that is genetically distinct from all other members of this genus. This species is a sister species to Geomys lutescens.",
"title": "Taxonomy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "There are two subspecies: G. j. jugossicularis and G. j. halli. G. j. halli was formerly considered a subspecies of Geomys lutescens, but was found to be genetically distinct from that species. G. j. jugossicularis is found in northeastern Colorado, while G. j. halli is found in western Nebraska. The exact border between the two subspecies is not known. They differ in their karyotype numbers and in G. j. halli being smaller.g",
"title": "Taxonomy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "G. j. halli is named after Eugene Raymond Hall.",
"title": "Taxonomy"
}
] | Geomys jugossicularis, also known as Hall's pocket gopher and Colorado pocket gopher, is a species of pocket gopher native to the western United States. Little is known of its behavior or ecology aside from typical behaviors of the other pocket gophers. | 2023-12-11T08:03:04Z | 2023-12-13T23:48:29Z | [
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75,536,250 | Sura and Baya Statue | Sura and Baya Statue (Indonesian: Patung Sura dan Baya; Javanese: ꦥꦠꦸꦁꦱꦸꦫꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦪ, Patung Sura lan Baya) are the most famous icons and guides of the city of Surabaya. The statue consists of two types of animals, shark and crocodile. This statue is found in three places in the city of Surabaya.
The Sura and Crocodile statues contain folklore or legends about the Sura fish and crocodiles. According to legend, a long time ago there was a big fight between sura fish and crocodiles somewhere. The first fight was because there were sura fish that left the area towards river. Knowing this, the crocodile who was the ruler of the land felt unwelcome and asked the sura fish to return to the sea. From there, a big fight took place to successfully return the sura fish to the sea. Therefore, it is not surprising that the shape of the statue shows two animals fighting. However, the place where the battle took place was named "Surabaya".
The Sura and Baya statues symbolize "those who dare to face danger". Linguistically, "sura" means courage, while "baya" means danger. In the past, when the Majapahit Kingdom was founded, there was an attack by the Tar-Tar people or Mongols who invaded the land of Java. The people came from the north of this island, they landed in East Java. The leader of the Javanese army who was able to expel the Tar-Tar or Mongols at that time was named Raden Wijaya or the forerunner of the Majapahit Kingdom. Raden Wijaya then called him "sanggramacura" or "a brave person who is afraid because of his courage in facing danger" or in other words Çirabhaya which means "dare to face danger". Raden Wijaya is symbolized as a brave warrior, while the Mongol army symbolizes the danger that came to the island of Java.
This statue is located in three places in the city of Surabaya. First, in front of the Surabaya Zoo. The statue here is the most beautiful statue. This statue was built in 1988 by architect Sutomo Kusnadi and sculptor Sigit Margono. Kapindho, ing Surabaya Skate and BMX Park Genteng. Statue of the height 15 meters and can spray water from the mouth of the shark fish Kali Mas on the edge.
The last one is in Surabaya Park Kenjeran. The largest statue is 25.6 meters high, while the sitting statue measures 5 meters and 15 meters in diameter. This statue is the newest Sura and Baya statue, as of 2019.
The Sura and Baya statues can not only be found in Surabaya, but also abroad, namely South Korea. This statue was inaugurated by the former Mayor of Surabaya, Tri Rismaharini who is now Minister of Social Affairs on 1 July 2014. This statue stands in a city park located at the Busan Indonesian Center. The statue in Busan seems to be a symbol of the commitment of the Surabaya City Government and the Busan City Government. The statue was made by an artist named Agung Tato, made of bronze with a height of 2.6 meters and a diameter of 0.75 meters. Collaboration between the two governments began in 1994 in the fields of culture, education, economics and fashion. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sura and Baya Statue (Indonesian: Patung Sura dan Baya; Javanese: ꦥꦠꦸꦁꦱꦸꦫꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦪ, Patung Sura lan Baya) are the most famous icons and guides of the city of Surabaya. The statue consists of two types of animals, shark and crocodile. This statue is found in three places in the city of Surabaya.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Sura and Crocodile statues contain folklore or legends about the Sura fish and crocodiles. According to legend, a long time ago there was a big fight between sura fish and crocodiles somewhere. The first fight was because there were sura fish that left the area towards river. Knowing this, the crocodile who was the ruler of the land felt unwelcome and asked the sura fish to return to the sea. From there, a big fight took place to successfully return the sura fish to the sea. Therefore, it is not surprising that the shape of the statue shows two animals fighting. However, the place where the battle took place was named \"Surabaya\".",
"title": "Meaning of Philosophy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Sura and Baya statues symbolize \"those who dare to face danger\". Linguistically, \"sura\" means courage, while \"baya\" means danger. In the past, when the Majapahit Kingdom was founded, there was an attack by the Tar-Tar people or Mongols who invaded the land of Java. The people came from the north of this island, they landed in East Java. The leader of the Javanese army who was able to expel the Tar-Tar or Mongols at that time was named Raden Wijaya or the forerunner of the Majapahit Kingdom. Raden Wijaya then called him \"sanggramacura\" or \"a brave person who is afraid because of his courage in facing danger\" or in other words Çirabhaya which means \"dare to face danger\". Raden Wijaya is symbolized as a brave warrior, while the Mongol army symbolizes the danger that came to the island of Java.",
"title": "Meaning of Philosophy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "This statue is located in three places in the city of Surabaya. First, in front of the Surabaya Zoo. The statue here is the most beautiful statue. This statue was built in 1988 by architect Sutomo Kusnadi and sculptor Sigit Margono. Kapindho, ing Surabaya Skate and BMX Park Genteng. Statue of the height 15 meters and can spray water from the mouth of the shark fish Kali Mas on the edge.",
"title": "The Places"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The last one is in Surabaya Park Kenjeran. The largest statue is 25.6 meters high, while the sitting statue measures 5 meters and 15 meters in diameter. This statue is the newest Sura and Baya statue, as of 2019.",
"title": "The Places"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Sura and Baya statues can not only be found in Surabaya, but also abroad, namely South Korea. This statue was inaugurated by the former Mayor of Surabaya, Tri Rismaharini who is now Minister of Social Affairs on 1 July 2014. This statue stands in a city park located at the Busan Indonesian Center. The statue in Busan seems to be a symbol of the commitment of the Surabaya City Government and the Busan City Government. The statue was made by an artist named Agung Tato, made of bronze with a height of 2.6 meters and a diameter of 0.75 meters. Collaboration between the two governments began in 1994 in the fields of culture, education, economics and fashion.",
"title": "The Places"
}
] | Sura and Baya Statue are the most famous icons and guides of the city of Surabaya. The statue consists of two types of animals, shark and crocodile. This statue is found in three places in the city of Surabaya. | 2023-12-11T08:03:26Z | 2023-12-14T04:22:30Z | [
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75,536,260 | Mountmellick (parish) | Mountmellick, is a parish in County Laois within the Diocese of Kildare and Leighlin.
As of 2023, parish priest is Mícheál Murphy.
The area consists of a village called clonaghadoo and Mountmellick town.
The parish is served by two churches: St. Joseph's Church in Mountmellick and St. Mary's Church in Clonaghadoo.
The main church is the St. Joseph's Church in Mountmellick. Building of this church started in 1864, to be completed in 1878. In 1912 the bell-tower was added. The church was originally a rectangle until an extension in 1965 changed it in a cruciform shape.
The second church in the parish is the St. Mary's Church in Clonaghadoo. This church was built in 1970 and replaced an older chapel a short distance away. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mountmellick, is a parish in County Laois within the Diocese of Kildare and Leighlin.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of 2023, parish priest is Mícheál Murphy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The area consists of a village called clonaghadoo and Mountmellick town.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The parish is served by two churches: St. Joseph's Church in Mountmellick and St. Mary's Church in Clonaghadoo.",
"title": "Churches"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The main church is the St. Joseph's Church in Mountmellick. Building of this church started in 1864, to be completed in 1878. In 1912 the bell-tower was added. The church was originally a rectangle until an extension in 1965 changed it in a cruciform shape.",
"title": "Churches"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The second church in the parish is the St. Mary's Church in Clonaghadoo. This church was built in 1970 and replaced an older chapel a short distance away.",
"title": "Churches"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Mountmellick, is a parish in County Laois within the Diocese of Kildare and Leighlin. As of 2023, parish priest is Mícheál Murphy. The area consists of a village called clonaghadoo and Mountmellick town. | 2023-12-11T08:06:11Z | 2023-12-31T00:22:23Z | [
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75,536,282 | Mahanadi (2013 film) | Mahanadi is a 2013 Indian Kannada-language directed by Krishnappa Uppuru. Sanjjanaa Galrani, Dileep Raj and Suryakiran in lead role, story of the film is written by Krishnappa Uppuru and produce by Jerry Vincent Dias and Glane Dias. It was theatrically released on 14 June 2013.
An alright tale the story begins with Meenakshi who comes from a fishermen community and gets married to Raj who is based in Mumbai. She takes up a job at a hotel and that's where the trouble begins. The hotel's owner Janna runs prostitution business selling girl children. At one point, Meenakshi revolts against Janna as she is tried to be raped. What happens after that forms the rest of the story.
In May 2012, principal photography took place in Keni Village in Ankola. Filming was completed on 20 July 2012.
A reviewer of Deccan Herald wrote "The rest of the cast is one long parade and actors like Muni are wasted in inconsequential roles. This Mahanadi is nothing but a monsoon-fed stream". Hari from Kannada Prabha says "Rangayana Raghu has won the numbers game in spades. Loknath is the support of Mahanadi as an elder grandfather. But, Kashi, Shobharaj's talents are not properly utilized. The question should also be asked whether an actor like Satyajith was needed for a scene". Charan C.S from The Times of India wrote "The performance of Rangayana Raghu, who plays the role of gambler Ningappa, falls flat. The other characters, played by Malathi Sardeshpande, Loknath, Shobharaj and Satyajit are also average". Savitri Av from Vijaya Karnataka wrote "Rangayana Raghu brings color to some situations. Thara Thara Hosa Thara...Song is like life to a movie. The situations in Mumbai are closer to reality. It is reassuring not to over-glorify any situation". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mahanadi is a 2013 Indian Kannada-language directed by Krishnappa Uppuru. Sanjjanaa Galrani, Dileep Raj and Suryakiran in lead role, story of the film is written by Krishnappa Uppuru and produce by Jerry Vincent Dias and Glane Dias. It was theatrically released on 14 June 2013.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "An alright tale the story begins with Meenakshi who comes from a fishermen community and gets married to Raj who is based in Mumbai. She takes up a job at a hotel and that's where the trouble begins. The hotel's owner Janna runs prostitution business selling girl children. At one point, Meenakshi revolts against Janna as she is tried to be raped. What happens after that forms the rest of the story.",
"title": "Synopsis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In May 2012, principal photography took place in Keni Village in Ankola. Filming was completed on 20 July 2012.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "A reviewer of Deccan Herald wrote \"The rest of the cast is one long parade and actors like Muni are wasted in inconsequential roles. This Mahanadi is nothing but a monsoon-fed stream\". Hari from Kannada Prabha says \"Rangayana Raghu has won the numbers game in spades. Loknath is the support of Mahanadi as an elder grandfather. But, Kashi, Shobharaj's talents are not properly utilized. The question should also be asked whether an actor like Satyajith was needed for a scene\". Charan C.S from The Times of India wrote \"The performance of Rangayana Raghu, who plays the role of gambler Ningappa, falls flat. The other characters, played by Malathi Sardeshpande, Loknath, Shobharaj and Satyajit are also average\". Savitri Av from Vijaya Karnataka wrote \"Rangayana Raghu brings color to some situations. Thara Thara Hosa Thara...Song is like life to a movie. The situations in Mumbai are closer to reality. It is reassuring not to over-glorify any situation\".",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Mahanadi is a 2013 Indian Kannada-language directed by Krishnappa Uppuru. Sanjjanaa Galrani, Dileep Raj and Suryakiran in lead role, story of the film is written by Krishnappa Uppuru and produce by Jerry Vincent Dias and Glane Dias. It was theatrically released on 14 June 2013. | 2023-12-11T08:10:50Z | 2023-12-18T12:41:58Z | [
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75,536,289 | Rudy Turk | Rudy Henry Turk (1927—2007), was an American visual artist, art historian, curator, and museum director. He served as the director emeritus and former curator of the Arizona State University Art Museum in Tempe, Arizona. Turk was elected as a honorary fellow by the American Craft Council (ACC) in 1988.
Rudy Henry Turk was born on June 24, 1927, in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, U.S.. He attended the University of Wisconsin–Sheboygan (now University of Wisconsin–Green Bay; B.S. 1949, education); the University of Tennessee (M.A. 1951, history); and did postgraduate work at Indiana University in 1956.
Turk held a position from 1960 to 1965 as director of the Richmond Arts Center in Richmond, California, before serving as director of the fine arts gallery in San Diego (now the San Diego Museum of Art). He was the founding director and curator of the Arizona State University Art Museum (formerly the Matthews Center) in Tempe, Arizona, starting in 1967 and he retired in 1992.
Turk's own artwork was in the mediums of painting, pottery, printmaking, and sculpture. He took his first art class in the 1950s, and he found inspiration in early Christian art and catacomb paintings.
He died on August 14, 2007 in Phoenix, Arizona. He was survived by his wife Wanda Lee Turk (née Borders) and their four children. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Rudy Henry Turk (1927—2007), was an American visual artist, art historian, curator, and museum director. He served as the director emeritus and former curator of the Arizona State University Art Museum in Tempe, Arizona. Turk was elected as a honorary fellow by the American Craft Council (ACC) in 1988.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Rudy Henry Turk was born on June 24, 1927, in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, U.S.. He attended the University of Wisconsin–Sheboygan (now University of Wisconsin–Green Bay; B.S. 1949, education); the University of Tennessee (M.A. 1951, history); and did postgraduate work at Indiana University in 1956.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Turk held a position from 1960 to 1965 as director of the Richmond Arts Center in Richmond, California, before serving as director of the fine arts gallery in San Diego (now the San Diego Museum of Art). He was the founding director and curator of the Arizona State University Art Museum (formerly the Matthews Center) in Tempe, Arizona, starting in 1967 and he retired in 1992.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Turk's own artwork was in the mediums of painting, pottery, printmaking, and sculpture. He took his first art class in the 1950s, and he found inspiration in early Christian art and catacomb paintings.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "He died on August 14, 2007 in Phoenix, Arizona. He was survived by his wife Wanda Lee Turk (née Borders) and their four children.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Rudy Henry Turk (1927—2007), was an American visual artist, art historian, curator, and museum director. He served as the director emeritus and former curator of the Arizona State University Art Museum in Tempe, Arizona. Turk was elected as a honorary fellow by the American Craft Council (ACC) in 1988. | 2023-12-11T08:14:00Z | 2023-12-12T08:08:21Z | [
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75,536,293 | Colorado's 1st House of Representatives district | Colorado's 1st House of Representatives district is one of 65 districts in the Colorado House of Representatives. It has been represented by Democrat Javier Mabrey since 2022.
District 1 covers southwestern Denver.
The district is located entirely within Colorado's 1st congressional district and overlaps with the 16th, 32nd, 34th districts within the Colorado Senate. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Colorado's 1st House of Representatives district is one of 65 districts in the Colorado House of Representatives. It has been represented by Democrat Javier Mabrey since 2022.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "District 1 covers southwestern Denver.",
"title": "Geography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The district is located entirely within Colorado's 1st congressional district and overlaps with the 16th, 32nd, 34th districts within the Colorado Senate.",
"title": "Geography"
}
] | Colorado's 1st House of Representatives district is one of 65 districts in the Colorado House of Representatives. It has been represented by Democrat Javier Mabrey since 2022. | 2023-12-11T08:14:30Z | 2023-12-11T08:17:30Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado%27s_1st_House_of_Representatives_district |
75,536,299 | The Source (Kenny Barron album) | The Source is a solo studio album by American jazz pianist Kenny Barron. The record was released on May 4, 2018 (2018-05-04) via Blue Note label.
Mike Jurkovic of All About Jazz commented, "On his first solo go-round in forty years, The Source, like its distant predecessor At The Piano (Xanadu, 1982) has Barron brimming with the same empathy and effervescence, but with all the reflective nature the years tend to instill in a man who has made one to one conversation an art form." Stuart Nicholson of Jazzwise stated, "the solo Source is a fine example of his pianistic art, and how it has evolved since the 1990 Maybeck recording... If anything, technique is more apparent on The Source, suggestive of a confidence that comes with experience, since it is used in service of saying something, while harmonically he is more subtle, with strings of passing chords dropped into his line almost as asides." | [
{
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"text": "The Source is a solo studio album by American jazz pianist Kenny Barron. The record was released on May 4, 2018 (2018-05-04) via Blue Note label.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Mike Jurkovic of All About Jazz commented, \"On his first solo go-round in forty years, The Source, like its distant predecessor At The Piano (Xanadu, 1982) has Barron brimming with the same empathy and effervescence, but with all the reflective nature the years tend to instill in a man who has made one to one conversation an art form.\" Stuart Nicholson of Jazzwise stated, \"the solo Source is a fine example of his pianistic art, and how it has evolved since the 1990 Maybeck recording... If anything, technique is more apparent on The Source, suggestive of a confidence that comes with experience, since it is used in service of saying something, while harmonically he is more subtle, with strings of passing chords dropped into his line almost as asides.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | The Source is a solo studio album by American jazz pianist Kenny Barron. The record was released on May 4, 2018 via Blue Note label. | 2023-12-11T08:15:54Z | 2023-12-12T00:54:51Z | [
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75,536,300 | Albania–Slovakia relations | Albania–Slovakia relations are the bilateral relations between Albania and Slovakia. Albania has an embassy in Bratislava. Slovakia has an embassy in Tirana. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Diplomatic relations have existed in the context of relations with Czechoslovakia since 1945, and later, as two separate republics, relations were established on January 4, 1993. Both countries focus on democracy and economic development through open and free trade, as evidenced in both bilateral and multilateral aspects.
Slovakia has consistently supported Albania's integration efforts in the European Union. In this regard, a Memorandum of Cooperation on European Integration Concerns was signed between the two countries in March 2015, during the visit to Tirana of the then Slovakia's Minister of Foreign and European Affairs, Miroslav Lajčák. Albania has received this support in all high-level discussions in relation to the efforts that Albania has taken in recent years in the European integration process. Following the successful model of the Visegrad International Fund, the Slovak Republic also offered help to the WBF (Western Balkans Fund) and its Secretariat in Tirana.
The only issue of contention between the two countries is Slovakia's decision not to recognize the independence of Kosovo.
As of 2022, Slovakia's export to Albania is worth € 29 million and Albania's export to Slovakia is worth € 38 million. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Albania–Slovakia relations are the bilateral relations between Albania and Slovakia. Albania has an embassy in Bratislava. Slovakia has an embassy in Tirana. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Diplomatic relations have existed in the context of relations with Czechoslovakia since 1945, and later, as two separate republics, relations were established on January 4, 1993. Both countries focus on democracy and economic development through open and free trade, as evidenced in both bilateral and multilateral aspects.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Slovakia has consistently supported Albania's integration efforts in the European Union. In this regard, a Memorandum of Cooperation on European Integration Concerns was signed between the two countries in March 2015, during the visit to Tirana of the then Slovakia's Minister of Foreign and European Affairs, Miroslav Lajčák. Albania has received this support in all high-level discussions in relation to the efforts that Albania has taken in recent years in the European integration process. Following the successful model of the Visegrad International Fund, the Slovak Republic also offered help to the WBF (Western Balkans Fund) and its Secretariat in Tirana.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The only issue of contention between the two countries is Slovakia's decision not to recognize the independence of Kosovo.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "As of 2022, Slovakia's export to Albania is worth € 29 million and Albania's export to Slovakia is worth € 38 million.",
"title": "Economic relations"
}
] | Albania–Slovakia relations are the bilateral relations between Albania and Slovakia. Albania has an embassy in Bratislava. Slovakia has an embassy in Tirana. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. | 2023-12-11T08:15:58Z | 2023-12-26T16:19:01Z | [
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75,536,303 | Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Miami | Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in San Francisco (TECO-San Francisco, Chinese: 駐邁阿密臺北經濟文化辦事處; pinyin: Zhù Màiāmì Táiběi jīngjì wénhuà bànshì chǔ) represents the interests of Taiwan in Florida, functioning as a de facto consulate. The mission is located at the city of Coral Gables in Miami-Dade County. The mission serves Florida, Pueto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands, and has consular jurisdiction over Bahamas, Bermuda, Dominican Republic and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
On 21 July 1988, the Representative Office of the Republic of China in the United States announced the establishment of the Miami Office of the North American Affairs Coordinating Council and on 27 August 1988, it was formally established. On 15 March 1989, it was formally opened to the public and on 10 October 1994, the office's name was changed to Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Miami.
Since February 2023, the office is headed by a director-general, currently Chou Chi-Yu, who previously served as the section chief of the Department of Asia, West Asia and Africa of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in San Francisco (TECO-San Francisco, Chinese: 駐邁阿密臺北經濟文化辦事處; pinyin: Zhù Màiāmì Táiběi jīngjì wénhuà bànshì chǔ) represents the interests of Taiwan in Florida, functioning as a de facto consulate. The mission is located at the city of Coral Gables in Miami-Dade County. The mission serves Florida, Pueto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands, and has consular jurisdiction over Bahamas, Bermuda, Dominican Republic and the Turks and Caicos Islands.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On 21 July 1988, the Representative Office of the Republic of China in the United States announced the establishment of the Miami Office of the North American Affairs Coordinating Council and on 27 August 1988, it was formally established. On 15 March 1989, it was formally opened to the public and on 10 October 1994, the office's name was changed to Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Miami.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Since February 2023, the office is headed by a director-general, currently Chou Chi-Yu, who previously served as the section chief of the Department of Asia, West Asia and Africa of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China.",
"title": "Background"
}
] | Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in San Francisco represents the interests of Taiwan in Florida, functioning as a de facto consulate. The mission is located at the city of Coral Gables in Miami-Dade County. The mission serves Florida, Pueto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands, and has consular jurisdiction over Bahamas, Bermuda, Dominican Republic and the Turks and Caicos Islands. | 2023-12-11T08:17:07Z | 2023-12-12T00:33:10Z | [
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75,536,312 | Hanna T. Rose | Hanna Toby Rose (12 April 1909 – 14 December 1976) was an American curator.
Rose was born in New York City in 1909. She was educated at Wellesley College.
Rose began her career at the Brooklyn Museum in 1931 as a docent and was appointed Supervisor of Education in 1943, a role she held until her retirement in 1972. Prior to her retirement, she was also the vice-director for education at the museum. She was the first recipient of the Katherine Coffey Award in 1972.
Rose played a prominent role in various national and international museum education organizations and was the president of the International Committee on Education in Museums from 1953 to 1962. She advocated for the distinct educational role of museums, differentiating them from schools and libraries, as reflected in her acceptance speech for the Katherine Coffey Award.
Rose's initiatives aimed to integrate museums into the broader educational context, a concept that is now widely accepted. Her reforms included the "Mobile Classroom" program, which transformed museum galleries into interactive learning environments, which the museum cited for upon her retirement. She also facilitated the loan of multimedia educational materials to schools and initiated a television series and music concerts linked to museum exhibits, enhancing public access to museum resources.
In a 1955 report, Rose outlined the goals of museum education, emphasizing the importance of supporting classroom learning, fostering an appreciation for historical connections, and promoting regular museum visits, particularly among younger demographics. She challenged the perception of museums as insular entities and highlighted their potential role in lifelong learning.
Rose died on December 14, 1976. | [
{
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"text": "Hanna Toby Rose (12 April 1909 – 14 December 1976) was an American curator.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Rose was born in New York City in 1909. She was educated at Wellesley College.",
"title": "Biography"
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"text": "Rose began her career at the Brooklyn Museum in 1931 as a docent and was appointed Supervisor of Education in 1943, a role she held until her retirement in 1972. Prior to her retirement, she was also the vice-director for education at the museum. She was the first recipient of the Katherine Coffey Award in 1972.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Rose played a prominent role in various national and international museum education organizations and was the president of the International Committee on Education in Museums from 1953 to 1962. She advocated for the distinct educational role of museums, differentiating them from schools and libraries, as reflected in her acceptance speech for the Katherine Coffey Award.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Rose's initiatives aimed to integrate museums into the broader educational context, a concept that is now widely accepted. Her reforms included the \"Mobile Classroom\" program, which transformed museum galleries into interactive learning environments, which the museum cited for upon her retirement. She also facilitated the loan of multimedia educational materials to schools and initiated a television series and music concerts linked to museum exhibits, enhancing public access to museum resources.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In a 1955 report, Rose outlined the goals of museum education, emphasizing the importance of supporting classroom learning, fostering an appreciation for historical connections, and promoting regular museum visits, particularly among younger demographics. She challenged the perception of museums as insular entities and highlighted their potential role in lifelong learning.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Rose died on December 14, 1976.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Hanna Toby Rose was an American curator. | 2023-12-11T08:18:25Z | 2023-12-18T17:00:45Z | [
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75,536,320 | Museum Of Modern Art, Saitama | The Museum of Modern Art, Saitama (富山県立近代美術館, Saitama Kenritsu Kindai Bijutsukan) is a museum in Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. It is one of Japan's many museums which are supported by a prefecture. | [
{
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"text": "The Museum of Modern Art, Saitama (富山県立近代美術館, Saitama Kenritsu Kindai Bijutsukan) is a museum in Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. It is one of Japan's many museums which are supported by a prefecture.",
"title": ""
}
] | The Museum of Modern Art, Saitama is a museum in Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. It is one of Japan's many museums which are supported by a prefecture. | 2023-12-11T08:21:39Z | 2023-12-11T08:21:39Z | [
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75,536,341 | Yamanashi Prefectural Art Museum | The Yamanashi Prefectural Art Museum (山梨県立美術館, Yamanashi Kenritsu Bijutsukan) is a museum in Kōfu, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. It is one of Japan's many museums which are supported by a prefecture. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Yamanashi Prefectural Art Museum (山梨県立美術館, Yamanashi Kenritsu Bijutsukan) is a museum in Kōfu, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. It is one of Japan's many museums which are supported by a prefecture.",
"title": ""
}
] | The Yamanashi Prefectural Art Museum is a museum in Kōfu, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. It is one of Japan's many museums which are supported by a prefecture. | 2023-12-11T08:26:05Z | 2023-12-11T09:27:37Z | [
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75,536,357 | King Saha | Ssemanda Manisul, known professionally as King Saha, is a Ugandan musician from Entebbe in Uganda. King Saha is an Afro-Beat / Zouk artiste and the executive director of Kings Love Entertainment.
King Saha started using his current music name in 2011 with his first release known as Signal. He joined Leone Island owned by Jose Chameleon as a backup singer, before starting his own record label, Kings Love Entertainment. In 2014, he released a single produced by Producer Baur titled "Mulirwana". He had his first concert, called Mulirwana Concert, at Freedom City Mall along Entebbe road.
In 2019, he made his first Coke Studio appearance with fellow Ugandan artiste Weasle and Ethiopian artiste Yared Negu.
On 8 December 2023, King Saha held a successful concert at Hotel Africana in Kampala which he named Ebiseera Ebyo Concert. Bobi Wine the president of National Unity Platform and as well the Uganda opposition leader cancelled his Europe tour and came back to Uganda to also watch the show live.
King Saha owns a house in Nakawuka town council in Wakiso District. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ssemanda Manisul, known professionally as King Saha, is a Ugandan musician from Entebbe in Uganda. King Saha is an Afro-Beat / Zouk artiste and the executive director of Kings Love Entertainment.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "King Saha started using his current music name in 2011 with his first release known as Signal. He joined Leone Island owned by Jose Chameleon as a backup singer, before starting his own record label, Kings Love Entertainment. In 2014, he released a single produced by Producer Baur titled \"Mulirwana\". He had his first concert, called Mulirwana Concert, at Freedom City Mall along Entebbe road.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2019, he made his first Coke Studio appearance with fellow Ugandan artiste Weasle and Ethiopian artiste Yared Negu.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On 8 December 2023, King Saha held a successful concert at Hotel Africana in Kampala which he named Ebiseera Ebyo Concert. Bobi Wine the president of National Unity Platform and as well the Uganda opposition leader cancelled his Europe tour and came back to Uganda to also watch the show live.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "King Saha owns a house in Nakawuka town council in Wakiso District.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Ssemanda Manisul, known professionally as King Saha, is a Ugandan musician from Entebbe in Uganda. King Saha is an Afro-Beat / Zouk artiste and the executive director of Kings Love Entertainment. | 2023-12-11T08:28:47Z | 2023-12-31T02:37:06Z | [
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75,536,368 | Elizabeth Kirkhope | Elizabeth Kilgour Kirkhope (8 February 1896 – 26 November 1978) was an Australian headmistress. She bought her alma mater Lauriston Girls' School from its founders and this school is still extant.
Kirkhope was born in Carlton, Victoria in 1896. She was the first of nine children of Elizabeth Kilgour (born Corr) and John Kirkhope who were both Scots. Her father was a clergyman and he and Elizabeth came to Australia the year before to create a new branch of the Catholic Apostolic Church. The Catholic Apostolic Church had been founded by Edward Irving and his granddaughters would start Lauriston Girls' School.
She was an early pupil at Lauriston Girls' School and she became head girl and dux. She left the school and graduated in 1918 and qualified as a teacher in 1919 both at the University of Melbourne. In 1920 she left university with a master's degree in mathematics and returned to Lauriston as a very qualified teacher. Kirkhope left to teach elsewhere and in 1928 Kirkhope was appointed as head of Lowther Hall Anglican Grammar School. She guided that school through the depression.
She left Australia and taught in London. She rejoined Lauriston Girls' School in 1933 as headmistress, taking over from the founders who left the running to her. Two years later in 1935, she bought that school from the Irving sisters. The school prospered and in 1948 Kirkhope and her brothers converted it into a not-for-profit company. Kirkhope retired in 1956 but remained at the school until 1964. Her position as head has taken by Gladys Davies who like Kirkhope was an Old Lauristonian. She served until 1972.
Kirkhope died in the Sydney suburb of Canterbury in 1978. Lauriston Girls' School was still extant in 2023, when it commands high fees. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Elizabeth Kilgour Kirkhope (8 February 1896 – 26 November 1978) was an Australian headmistress. She bought her alma mater Lauriston Girls' School from its founders and this school is still extant.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Kirkhope was born in Carlton, Victoria in 1896. She was the first of nine children of Elizabeth Kilgour (born Corr) and John Kirkhope who were both Scots. Her father was a clergyman and he and Elizabeth came to Australia the year before to create a new branch of the Catholic Apostolic Church. The Catholic Apostolic Church had been founded by Edward Irving and his granddaughters would start Lauriston Girls' School.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She was an early pupil at Lauriston Girls' School and she became head girl and dux. She left the school and graduated in 1918 and qualified as a teacher in 1919 both at the University of Melbourne. In 1920 she left university with a master's degree in mathematics and returned to Lauriston as a very qualified teacher. Kirkhope left to teach elsewhere and in 1928 Kirkhope was appointed as head of Lowther Hall Anglican Grammar School. She guided that school through the depression.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "She left Australia and taught in London. She rejoined Lauriston Girls' School in 1933 as headmistress, taking over from the founders who left the running to her. Two years later in 1935, she bought that school from the Irving sisters. The school prospered and in 1948 Kirkhope and her brothers converted it into a not-for-profit company. Kirkhope retired in 1956 but remained at the school until 1964. Her position as head has taken by Gladys Davies who like Kirkhope was an Old Lauristonian. She served until 1972.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Kirkhope died in the Sydney suburb of Canterbury in 1978. Lauriston Girls' School was still extant in 2023, when it commands high fees.",
"title": "Death and legacy"
}
] | Elizabeth Kilgour Kirkhope was an Australian headmistress. She bought her alma mater Lauriston Girls' School from its founders and this school is still extant. | 2023-12-11T08:29:43Z | 2023-12-17T16:57:34Z | [
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75,536,376 | Nagano Prefectural Art Museum | Nagano Prefectural Art Museum (長野県立美術館, Nagano Kenritsu Bijutsukan) is a museum in Nagano, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. It is one of Japan's many museums which are supported by a prefecture. | [
{
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"text": "Nagano Prefectural Art Museum (長野県立美術館, Nagano Kenritsu Bijutsukan) is a museum in Nagano, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. It is one of Japan's many museums which are supported by a prefecture.",
"title": ""
}
] | Nagano Prefectural Art Museum is a museum in Nagano, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. It is one of Japan's many museums which are supported by a prefecture. | 2023-12-11T08:31:23Z | 2023-12-11T09:25:58Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagano_Prefectural_Art_Museum |
75,536,392 | Biw Jitchareeya | Biw Jitchareeya (Thai: บิว จิตรฉรีญา; 11 November 1997 −), (born Jitchareeya Boontam) is a Thai luk thung and mor lam sing singer from Isan area. She is a member of mor lam band, Prathom Banthengsilp since 2022. Most of her songs are electronic sentimental ballads.
She was born into a poor family in Ubon Ratchathani Province. Her early life is porvety, but she have a knack about sing a song since she was young. She began performing as a mor lam sing artist. In 2022, she joined with the Prathom Banthengsilp band. She released first single Jitchareeya Pray From Fans (จิตรฉรีญาวอนแฟน).
She became known with her second single Our Past Love at Phu Yod Ruai (Thai: ฮอยกอดภูยอดรวย, lit : "Hoi Kod Phu Yod Ruai") which released in 2023 and written by Big Phumarin. The song is viral on TikTok in Thailand with the hashtag "#เยิ้นเยอะเยิ้นเยอะเยิ้นเยิ้น" which based on that song. The song Our Past Love at Phu Yod Ruai has earning 19M YouTube views as of 11 December 2023. Her success led to collaboration with Jintara Poonlarp in the single Await You at Rai Rua Fai (Thai: คอยอ้ายไหลเรือไฟ, lit : "Koi Ai Lai Rua Fai").
She is also sometimes known by her nickname Biw or the epithet Sao Sieng Haw (Thai: สาวเสียงห้าว, meaning "gruff-voiced girl"). | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Biw Jitchareeya (Thai: บิว จิตรฉรีญา; 11 November 1997 −), (born Jitchareeya Boontam) is a Thai luk thung and mor lam sing singer from Isan area. She is a member of mor lam band, Prathom Banthengsilp since 2022. Most of her songs are electronic sentimental ballads.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "She was born into a poor family in Ubon Ratchathani Province. Her early life is porvety, but she have a knack about sing a song since she was young. She began performing as a mor lam sing artist. In 2022, she joined with the Prathom Banthengsilp band. She released first single Jitchareeya Pray From Fans (จิตรฉรีญาวอนแฟน).",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She became known with her second single Our Past Love at Phu Yod Ruai (Thai: ฮอยกอดภูยอดรวย, lit : \"Hoi Kod Phu Yod Ruai\") which released in 2023 and written by Big Phumarin. The song is viral on TikTok in Thailand with the hashtag \"#เยิ้นเยอะเยิ้นเยอะเยิ้นเยิ้น\" which based on that song. The song Our Past Love at Phu Yod Ruai has earning 19M YouTube views as of 11 December 2023. Her success led to collaboration with Jintara Poonlarp in the single Await You at Rai Rua Fai (Thai: คอยอ้ายไหลเรือไฟ, lit : \"Koi Ai Lai Rua Fai\").",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "She is also sometimes known by her nickname Biw or the epithet Sao Sieng Haw (Thai: สาวเสียงห้าว, meaning \"gruff-voiced girl\").",
"title": "Life"
}
] | Biw Jitchareeya, is a Thai luk thung and mor lam sing singer from Isan area. She is a member of mor lam band, Prathom Banthengsilp since 2022. Most of her songs are electronic sentimental ballads. | 2023-12-11T08:35:10Z | 2023-12-14T17:44:33Z | [
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75,536,419 | Nuradeen Abdu | Nuradeen abdu was the former acedemic secretary of the Ahmadu bello university (ABU),Zaria, Kaduna state and also the former deputy registrar of the university in the year 2014.He is the current registrar of the federal university of lafia, Nasarawa state (Fulafia).
Mallam Nuradeen was born in malumfashi local government of kastina state on June 20,1967.He attained his degree in school at Ahmadu bello university,Zaria in 1994. His master degree in public Administration in the year 2009.Nuradeen is also the third registrar of federal university of lafia, Nasarawa state.
He is a member of the chartered institute of Administration,fellow institute of corporate Administrator of Nigeria and The Association of Nigerian university professional Administrators. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Nuradeen abdu was the former acedemic secretary of the Ahmadu bello university (ABU),Zaria, Kaduna state and also the former deputy registrar of the university in the year 2014.He is the current registrar of the federal university of lafia, Nasarawa state (Fulafia).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Mallam Nuradeen was born in malumfashi local government of kastina state on June 20,1967.He attained his degree in school at Ahmadu bello university,Zaria in 1994. His master degree in public Administration in the year 2009.Nuradeen is also the third registrar of federal university of lafia, Nasarawa state.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He is a member of the chartered institute of Administration,fellow institute of corporate Administrator of Nigeria and The Association of Nigerian university professional Administrators.",
"title": "Membership"
}
] | Nuradeen abdu was the former acedemic secretary of the Ahmadu bello university (ABU),Zaria, Kaduna state and also the former deputy registrar of the university in the year 2014.He is the current registrar of the federal university of lafia, Nasarawa state (Fulafia). | 2023-12-11T08:48:12Z | 2023-12-11T14:19:04Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox academic"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuradeen_Abdu |
75,536,432 | Hamas genocide in 2023 | [] | REDIRECT [[Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel] | 2023-12-11T08:51:59Z | 2023-12-11T08:51:59Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_genocide_in_2023 |
|
75,536,456 | 2024 in Cape Verde | Events in the year 2024 in Cape Verde.
Source: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Events in the year 2024 in Cape Verde.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "Holidays"
}
] | Events in the year 2024 in Cape Verde. | 2023-12-11T08:57:23Z | 2023-12-11T09:14:35Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Year in Cape Verde",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Further",
"Template:Small",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Portal",
"Template:Years in Cape Verde",
"Template:Year in Africa"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_in_Cape_Verde |
75,536,464 | Tusks: The Orc Dating Sim | Tusks: The Orc Dating Sim is a 2018 visual novel and dating simulator by Scottish independent developer Mitch Alexander. The game sees the player accompanying and romancing a band of travelling orcs. First published in 2015 for a game jam, Alexander based the design of the game on his native Scotland and his own experiences, with a desire for the game to subvert queer stereotypes by deconstructing the orc archetype in fantasy literature. Tusks received attention from several publications upon the release of its demo, with critics praising the inclusive design of diverse body types in a dating simulator game, and the relevance of its themes characterisation to broader queer experiences and identities.
Tusks is a conventional visual novel in which the player character joins a band of orcs following the Uá, an celebration that unites the orcs of Alba. Over the course of several days, the player is able to choose to interact with the orcs over the days and nights of their travel, including five orcs, a selkie, a boar, and Aed, a human student studying the orcs. players The gameplay in Tusks features an 'autonomy' system that can be turned on and off by the player. If the autonomy system is turned on, non-player characters make decisions independently of the player that may not reflect the player's choices. For instance, a player decision to kiss an orc may be turned down, reciprocated, or delayed until later in the game.
Tusks was developed by Mitch Alexander, a game design graduate and independent developer based in Glasgow. Alexander conceived the initial concept for the game in 2015 during NaNoRenO, a game jam in which participants had one month to create a visual novel. He discussed that his focus on orcs was due to explore the relationship between the depiction of orcs in fantasy literature as "outsiders" and "inhuman" beings and the use of similar language in the marginalisation of minorities in the real-world. Alexander drew from his personal experiences in creating the game, basing the setting in a "semi-mythical version" of his native Scotland, his family's history as fairground travellers, and drawing from his experiences with anxiety and depression. A 'Day One' preview demo of the game was first released by Alexander on 18 July 2015, with the "full story" finalised in an update to the game on 9 February 2018. From December 2015 to February 2016, Alexander published Tusks: Extended Universe, a series of short stories set in the same universe as the game.
The demo version of Tusks received positive reception. Several critics noted the game's inclusive character design in terms of body types and identities, with Tim Mulkerin of Unwinnable noting the "atypical depiction of the gay community" in the game, stating "instead of the hairless and impossibly buff images of gay men that have become all too common, the characters in Tusks have stretchmarks, bellies, and imperfections that might otherwise get smoothed out". Matt Baume of The Advocate similarly observed the inclusion of "body types beyond the usual sexualized physiques found in dating simulation games". Toby McCasker of Vice expressed that the game "explores diversity in a way that feels more natural than overly conscious".
Several critics commented on the game's characterisation and its relevance to broader messages about queer experiences and identities. Sabrina Biot of Computer Games Magazine noted the game's subversion of the orc stereotype, stating "the orcs don't exactly act like monsters - some of them are funny, sweet or smart, and they all have their own personalities and backgrounds". Writing for Unwinnable, Jeremy Signor discussed how the deconstruction of stereotypes of orcs in Tusks as "beings with depth" also "dispels the broken concept of essentialism" with respect to stereotypes and ostracism of gay men, stating that the game "has a lot to say about how we treat people both in fiction and in real life." Baume found the themes of the Ua gathering to be a "stand-in for queer community", noting that the game's references to a family of choice to be "familiar to many LGBT people who create a 'chosen family' in the wake of a family of origin's rejection". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Tusks: The Orc Dating Sim is a 2018 visual novel and dating simulator by Scottish independent developer Mitch Alexander. The game sees the player accompanying and romancing a band of travelling orcs. First published in 2015 for a game jam, Alexander based the design of the game on his native Scotland and his own experiences, with a desire for the game to subvert queer stereotypes by deconstructing the orc archetype in fantasy literature. Tusks received attention from several publications upon the release of its demo, with critics praising the inclusive design of diverse body types in a dating simulator game, and the relevance of its themes characterisation to broader queer experiences and identities.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Tusks is a conventional visual novel in which the player character joins a band of orcs following the Uá, an celebration that unites the orcs of Alba. Over the course of several days, the player is able to choose to interact with the orcs over the days and nights of their travel, including five orcs, a selkie, a boar, and Aed, a human student studying the orcs. players The gameplay in Tusks features an 'autonomy' system that can be turned on and off by the player. If the autonomy system is turned on, non-player characters make decisions independently of the player that may not reflect the player's choices. For instance, a player decision to kiss an orc may be turned down, reciprocated, or delayed until later in the game.",
"title": "Gameplay"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Tusks was developed by Mitch Alexander, a game design graduate and independent developer based in Glasgow. Alexander conceived the initial concept for the game in 2015 during NaNoRenO, a game jam in which participants had one month to create a visual novel. He discussed that his focus on orcs was due to explore the relationship between the depiction of orcs in fantasy literature as \"outsiders\" and \"inhuman\" beings and the use of similar language in the marginalisation of minorities in the real-world. Alexander drew from his personal experiences in creating the game, basing the setting in a \"semi-mythical version\" of his native Scotland, his family's history as fairground travellers, and drawing from his experiences with anxiety and depression. A 'Day One' preview demo of the game was first released by Alexander on 18 July 2015, with the \"full story\" finalised in an update to the game on 9 February 2018. From December 2015 to February 2016, Alexander published Tusks: Extended Universe, a series of short stories set in the same universe as the game.",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The demo version of Tusks received positive reception. Several critics noted the game's inclusive character design in terms of body types and identities, with Tim Mulkerin of Unwinnable noting the \"atypical depiction of the gay community\" in the game, stating \"instead of the hairless and impossibly buff images of gay men that have become all too common, the characters in Tusks have stretchmarks, bellies, and imperfections that might otherwise get smoothed out\". Matt Baume of The Advocate similarly observed the inclusion of \"body types beyond the usual sexualized physiques found in dating simulation games\". Toby McCasker of Vice expressed that the game \"explores diversity in a way that feels more natural than overly conscious\".",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Several critics commented on the game's characterisation and its relevance to broader messages about queer experiences and identities. Sabrina Biot of Computer Games Magazine noted the game's subversion of the orc stereotype, stating \"the orcs don't exactly act like monsters - some of them are funny, sweet or smart, and they all have their own personalities and backgrounds\". Writing for Unwinnable, Jeremy Signor discussed how the deconstruction of stereotypes of orcs in Tusks as \"beings with depth\" also \"dispels the broken concept of essentialism\" with respect to stereotypes and ostracism of gay men, stating that the game \"has a lot to say about how we treat people both in fiction and in real life.\" Baume found the themes of the Ua gathering to be a \"stand-in for queer community\", noting that the game's references to a family of choice to be \"familiar to many LGBT people who create a 'chosen family' in the wake of a family of origin's rejection\".",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Tusks: The Orc Dating Sim is a 2018 visual novel and dating simulator by Scottish independent developer Mitch Alexander. The game sees the player accompanying and romancing a band of travelling orcs. First published in 2015 for a game jam, Alexander based the design of the game on his native Scotland and his own experiences, with a desire for the game to subvert queer stereotypes by deconstructing the orc archetype in fantasy literature. Tusks received attention from several publications upon the release of its demo, with critics praising the inclusive design of diverse body types in a dating simulator game, and the relevance of its themes characterisation to broader queer experiences and identities. | 2023-12-11T08:59:35Z | 2023-12-13T12:35:17Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Infobox video game",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Official website"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusks:_The_Orc_Dating_Sim |
75,536,475 | Sneakerasers | Sneakerasers (stylized as SneakERASERS), formerly called Sole Rubbers, is an American manufacturer of sneaker-cleaning products. Created by Ohio University alumni Chris Pavlica and Kevin Consolo, the product was designed to cheaply maintain the white color of rubber soles on sneakers. During an appearance on the twelfth season of Shark Tank, Pavlica and Consolo made a deal with Lori Greiner and Alex Rodriguez for a 20% stake in their company. It was announced in December 2023 that the company had partnered with Skechers to manufacture SkechERASERS for the brand worldwide. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sneakerasers (stylized as SneakERASERS), formerly called Sole Rubbers, is an American manufacturer of sneaker-cleaning products. Created by Ohio University alumni Chris Pavlica and Kevin Consolo, the product was designed to cheaply maintain the white color of rubber soles on sneakers. During an appearance on the twelfth season of Shark Tank, Pavlica and Consolo made a deal with Lori Greiner and Alex Rodriguez for a 20% stake in their company. It was announced in December 2023 that the company had partnered with Skechers to manufacture SkechERASERS for the brand worldwide.",
"title": ""
}
] | Sneakerasers, formerly called Sole Rubbers, is an American manufacturer of sneaker-cleaning products. Created by Ohio University alumni Chris Pavlica and Kevin Consolo, the product was designed to cheaply maintain the white color of rubber soles on sneakers. During an appearance on the twelfth season of Shark Tank, Pavlica and Consolo made a deal with Lori Greiner and Alex Rodriguez for a 20% stake in their company. It was announced in December 2023 that the company had partnered with Skechers to manufacture SkechERASERS for the brand worldwide. | 2023-12-11T09:02:08Z | 2023-12-11T09:14:09Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneakerasers |
75,536,480 | Bundesverband Kleinwüchsige Menschen und ihre Familien | The Bundesverband Kleinwüchsige Menschen und ihre Familien e.V. (BKMF e.V.) is a German organization in the field of health-oriented, family-oriented self-help. It advocates for the interests and concerns of short statured individuals and their families in Germany.
In 2013, the association had over 3,500 members. Since there are various causes for dwarfism, the spectrum of diagnoses among the members is also diverse.
The origins of the association date back to the early 1980s. At that time, parents of dwarfs began to meet with the goal of networking and exchanging experiences and information. The initiative came from Ruzena and Karl-Heinz Klingebiel and the psychologist Ortrun Schott.
The association was initially founded on February 16, 1988, as the "Elterngruppe kleinwüchsiger Kinder e.V." (Parents' Group of Dwarf Children). In the same year, the first dwarfism forum was held in Mauloff. The first counseling and office were established in Bremen in 1991, staffed with a full-time administrative professional and a management team.
An initiative with the Vereinigung Kleinwüchsiger Menschen (VKM) achieved a nationwide ban on dwarf tossing in 1992. In May, an international dwarfism forum took place in Bremen. A year later, the members decided to rename the association to "Bundesverband Kleinwüchsiger Menschen und ihre Familien e.V." (Federal Association of Dwarf People and Their Families).
Successes in cooperation with other organizations and initiatives included the participation of BKMF in the founding of the Deutscher Behindertenrat (German Disability Council) and the Allianz Chronischer Seltener Erkrankungen (ACHSE e.V.) The significance of the association and its achievements were recognized in 2006 through the award of the Bundesverdienstkreuz (Federal Cross of Merit) to the founding chairman Karl-Heinz Klingebiel.
In 2007, the German Center for Dwarfism Issues was opened. Part of it is a dwarf-friendly model apartment where affected individuals can test various technical aids to determine their helpfulness.
The "Generationswechsel" (Generational Change) project pursued a goal of future-oriented orientation in 2013. Young, dwarf adults who have been associated with the association since childhood are increasingly involved in responsible positions. Since March 17, 2013, Patricia Carl-Innig has been the chairperson of the association. She succeeded Doris Michel, who had held the position for 12 years.
In 2023, the association hosted the 8th World Dwarf Games in Cologne, with more than 500 athletes from 25 countries participating.
According to its articles of association, the association is exclusively committed to the interests of dwarf individuals, always with the idea of self-help in mind. This results in the following tasks:
To achieve this, there is a nationwide counseling network consisting of full-time staff in the counseling and office in Bremen and volunteer counselors from the eight regional associations.
In addition to the legally required organizational structure, the association regulates in its articles of association the further internal organization to achieve the defined purpose and tasks. It is clearly stipulated that the association's work and member support should primarily take place in the regional associations, working groups, and committees.
Within the Federal Association, there are 8 regional associations, which are free to subdivide regionally. Some of them also have the status of an independent association. The regional associations also organize events locally.
Eight working groups facilitate communication among affected individuals. Each group is dedicated to a specific form of dwarfism, such as Achondroplasia, Diastrophic Dysplasia, Hypochondroplasia, Phosphate Diabetes, and Congenital Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia. One group covers the Silver-Russell Syndrome, Small for Gestational Age, and Growth Hormone Deficiency, while another addresses Tricho-Rhino-Phalangeal Syndromes and Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. These diverse working groups reflect the broad spectrum of different diagnoses among the members.
However, not every diagnosis has a dedicated working group, as some conditions are so rare that there are fewer than 10 affected individuals nationwide. Nevertheless, the focus is on fostering connections among affected individuals for exchange of experiences and knowledge.
There are three committees: "Young People," "Parents," and "Adult Dwarfs," aiming to provide support tailored to each life stage.
The board can appoint advisory boards for professional and scientific advice. Currently, these include the Scientific Advisory Board, which actively contributes to publications and provides guidance when information material needs updating based on newer scientific insights, and the Elder Council.
The Bundesverband Kleinwüchsige Menschen und ihre Familien is a member of various organizations, including the Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft Selbsthilfe, Allianz Chronischer Seltener Erkrankungen, the European Organisation for Rare Diseases (EURORDIS), the Deutsches Rotes Kreuz (German Red Cross, State Association Bremen, as a cooperating member), and the Deutscher Behindertenrat (German Disability Council).
The association publishes the quarterly member magazine "betrifft kleinwuchs," featuring current internal association information, personal experiences, articles on new research findings, or general information about the work of self-help. There is a significant effort in producing various informational materials, such as the "First Information on Dwarfism," on specific medical conditions (e.g., Achondroplasia, Hypochondroplasia, etc.), and the "Yellow Sheets," which provide compact, medically and scientifically founded, easily understandable explanations of individual diagnostic fields. Additionally, there are purely scientific publications.
The goal is not only to inform affected individuals and their families but also professionals such as doctors or physiotherapists. Therefore, there is continuous collaboration with medical specialists, and publications are created in cooperation with the association's Scientific Advisory Board.
The association consistently carries out various projects related to dwarfism. Examples include the research project on the occupational situation of dwarfs since 1998, funded by the Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, or the traveling exhibition "Betrachtungsweisen" from 2008 to 2012.
In addition to project work, seminars are conducted for young people, volunteer counselors, as well as symposia and workshops for professionals. The largest event of this kind is the annual Kleinwuchsforum held on Ascension Day with up to 600 participants in Hohenroda. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Bundesverband Kleinwüchsige Menschen und ihre Familien e.V. (BKMF e.V.) is a German organization in the field of health-oriented, family-oriented self-help. It advocates for the interests and concerns of short statured individuals and their families in Germany.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In 2013, the association had over 3,500 members. Since there are various causes for dwarfism, the spectrum of diagnoses among the members is also diverse.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The origins of the association date back to the early 1980s. At that time, parents of dwarfs began to meet with the goal of networking and exchanging experiences and information. The initiative came from Ruzena and Karl-Heinz Klingebiel and the psychologist Ortrun Schott.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The association was initially founded on February 16, 1988, as the \"Elterngruppe kleinwüchsiger Kinder e.V.\" (Parents' Group of Dwarf Children). In the same year, the first dwarfism forum was held in Mauloff. The first counseling and office were established in Bremen in 1991, staffed with a full-time administrative professional and a management team.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "An initiative with the Vereinigung Kleinwüchsiger Menschen (VKM) achieved a nationwide ban on dwarf tossing in 1992. In May, an international dwarfism forum took place in Bremen. A year later, the members decided to rename the association to \"Bundesverband Kleinwüchsiger Menschen und ihre Familien e.V.\" (Federal Association of Dwarf People and Their Families).",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Successes in cooperation with other organizations and initiatives included the participation of BKMF in the founding of the Deutscher Behindertenrat (German Disability Council) and the Allianz Chronischer Seltener Erkrankungen (ACHSE e.V.) The significance of the association and its achievements were recognized in 2006 through the award of the Bundesverdienstkreuz (Federal Cross of Merit) to the founding chairman Karl-Heinz Klingebiel.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 2007, the German Center for Dwarfism Issues was opened. Part of it is a dwarf-friendly model apartment where affected individuals can test various technical aids to determine their helpfulness.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The \"Generationswechsel\" (Generational Change) project pursued a goal of future-oriented orientation in 2013. Young, dwarf adults who have been associated with the association since childhood are increasingly involved in responsible positions. Since March 17, 2013, Patricia Carl-Innig has been the chairperson of the association. She succeeded Doris Michel, who had held the position for 12 years.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In 2023, the association hosted the 8th World Dwarf Games in Cologne, with more than 500 athletes from 25 countries participating.",
"title": "Hosting the World Dwarf Games"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "According to its articles of association, the association is exclusively committed to the interests of dwarf individuals, always with the idea of self-help in mind. This results in the following tasks:",
"title": "Goals and tasks"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "To achieve this, there is a nationwide counseling network consisting of full-time staff in the counseling and office in Bremen and volunteer counselors from the eight regional associations.",
"title": "Goals and tasks"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In addition to the legally required organizational structure, the association regulates in its articles of association the further internal organization to achieve the defined purpose and tasks. It is clearly stipulated that the association's work and member support should primarily take place in the regional associations, working groups, and committees.",
"title": "Structure of the association"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Within the Federal Association, there are 8 regional associations, which are free to subdivide regionally. Some of them also have the status of an independent association. The regional associations also organize events locally.",
"title": "Structure of the association"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Eight working groups facilitate communication among affected individuals. Each group is dedicated to a specific form of dwarfism, such as Achondroplasia, Diastrophic Dysplasia, Hypochondroplasia, Phosphate Diabetes, and Congenital Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia. One group covers the Silver-Russell Syndrome, Small for Gestational Age, and Growth Hormone Deficiency, while another addresses Tricho-Rhino-Phalangeal Syndromes and Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. These diverse working groups reflect the broad spectrum of different diagnoses among the members.",
"title": "Structure of the association"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "However, not every diagnosis has a dedicated working group, as some conditions are so rare that there are fewer than 10 affected individuals nationwide. Nevertheless, the focus is on fostering connections among affected individuals for exchange of experiences and knowledge.",
"title": "Structure of the association"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "There are three committees: \"Young People,\" \"Parents,\" and \"Adult Dwarfs,\" aiming to provide support tailored to each life stage.",
"title": "Structure of the association"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "The board can appoint advisory boards for professional and scientific advice. Currently, these include the Scientific Advisory Board, which actively contributes to publications and provides guidance when information material needs updating based on newer scientific insights, and the Elder Council.",
"title": "Structure of the association"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "The Bundesverband Kleinwüchsige Menschen und ihre Familien is a member of various organizations, including the Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft Selbsthilfe, Allianz Chronischer Seltener Erkrankungen, the European Organisation for Rare Diseases (EURORDIS), the Deutsches Rotes Kreuz (German Red Cross, State Association Bremen, as a cooperating member), and the Deutscher Behindertenrat (German Disability Council).",
"title": "Memberships"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "The association publishes the quarterly member magazine \"betrifft kleinwuchs,\" featuring current internal association information, personal experiences, articles on new research findings, or general information about the work of self-help. There is a significant effort in producing various informational materials, such as the \"First Information on Dwarfism,\" on specific medical conditions (e.g., Achondroplasia, Hypochondroplasia, etc.), and the \"Yellow Sheets,\" which provide compact, medically and scientifically founded, easily understandable explanations of individual diagnostic fields. Additionally, there are purely scientific publications.",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "The goal is not only to inform affected individuals and their families but also professionals such as doctors or physiotherapists. Therefore, there is continuous collaboration with medical specialists, and publications are created in cooperation with the association's Scientific Advisory Board.",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "The association consistently carries out various projects related to dwarfism. Examples include the research project on the occupational situation of dwarfs since 1998, funded by the Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, or the traveling exhibition \"Betrachtungsweisen\" from 2008 to 2012.",
"title": "Projects and seminars"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "In addition to project work, seminars are conducted for young people, volunteer counselors, as well as symposia and workshops for professionals. The largest event of this kind is the annual Kleinwuchsforum held on Ascension Day with up to 600 participants in Hohenroda.",
"title": "Projects and seminars"
}
] | The Bundesverband Kleinwüchsige Menschen und ihre Familien e.V. is a German organization in the field of health-oriented, family-oriented self-help. It advocates for the interests and concerns of short statured individuals and their families in Germany. In 2013, the association had over 3,500 members. Since there are various causes for dwarfism, the spectrum of diagnoses among the members is also diverse. | 2023-12-11T09:02:41Z | 2023-12-17T18:04:21Z | [
"Template:Citation needed",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Webarchive"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesverband_Kleinw%C3%BCchsige_Menschen_und_ihre_Familien |
75,536,483 | Geomys lutescens | Geomys lutescens, also known as the Sand Hills pocket gopher, is a species of pocket gopher native to the western United Sates (Wyoming, Colorado, South Dakota, and Nebraska). It is a fossorial rodent that inhabits the Mississippi basin. The common name is derived from the type locality of Sand Hills.
Authors have debated for decades whether this is a distinct species or a subspecies of the plains pocket gopher. Recent genetic evidence and the lack of gene flow from other gopher populations has supported this being a distinct species and a sister species to Hall's pocket gopher.
The subspecies G. l. jugossicularis was recently split from the Sand Hills pocket gopher as its own distinct species. The other subspecies, G. l. halli, was later found to be a subspecies of Hall's pocket gopher, leaving this species with no subspecies. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Geomys lutescens, also known as the Sand Hills pocket gopher, is a species of pocket gopher native to the western United Sates (Wyoming, Colorado, South Dakota, and Nebraska). It is a fossorial rodent that inhabits the Mississippi basin. The common name is derived from the type locality of Sand Hills.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Authors have debated for decades whether this is a distinct species or a subspecies of the plains pocket gopher. Recent genetic evidence and the lack of gene flow from other gopher populations has supported this being a distinct species and a sister species to Hall's pocket gopher.",
"title": "Taxonomy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The subspecies G. l. jugossicularis was recently split from the Sand Hills pocket gopher as its own distinct species. The other subspecies, G. l. halli, was later found to be a subspecies of Hall's pocket gopher, leaving this species with no subspecies.",
"title": "Taxonomy"
}
] | Geomys lutescens, also known as the Sand Hills pocket gopher, is a species of pocket gopher native to the western United Sates. It is a fossorial rodent that inhabits the Mississippi basin. The common name is derived from the type locality of Sand Hills. | 2023-12-11T09:03:13Z | 2023-12-30T22:48:18Z | [
"Template:Taxonbar",
"Template:Geomyidae-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Speciesbox",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomys_lutescens |
75,536,501 | Farmi | Farmi (The Farm) is the first and only season of the first Finnish version of The Farm. 12 ordinary Finns come to The Farm and compete in challenges to try and live as it was in the 1800s for 50 days where they also try to be the last farmer standing to win the grand prize of €30,000. The series was hosted by Ellen Jokikunnas with the season premiering on 3 February 2014 on Nelonen and concluding on 14 April 2014 where Sanni Korva won in the final challenge against Jenni Peräaho to win the grand prize and the title of Farmi 2014.
(age are stated at time of competition) | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Farmi (The Farm) is the first and only season of the first Finnish version of The Farm. 12 ordinary Finns come to The Farm and compete in challenges to try and live as it was in the 1800s for 50 days where they also try to be the last farmer standing to win the grand prize of €30,000. The series was hosted by Ellen Jokikunnas with the season premiering on 3 February 2014 on Nelonen and concluding on 14 April 2014 where Sanni Korva won in the final challenge against Jenni Peräaho to win the grand prize and the title of Farmi 2014.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "(age are stated at time of competition)",
"title": "Finishing order"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "Finishing order"
}
] | Farmi is the first and only season of the first Finnish version of The Farm. 12 ordinary Finns come to The Farm and compete in challenges to try and live as it was in the 1800s for 50 days where they also try to be the last farmer standing to win the grand prize of €30,000. The series was hosted by Ellen Jokikunnas with the season premiering on 3 February 2014 on Nelonen and concluding on 14 April 2014 where Sanni Korva won in the final challenge against Jenni Peräaho to win the grand prize and the title of Farmi 2014. | 2023-12-11T09:08:14Z | 2023-12-11T19:22:27Z | [
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75,536,539 | Cephalaria duzceensis | Cephalaria duzceensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae native to western Black Sea region of Turkey.
This species is only known from few locations in northwestern Turkey. It grows in Pinus sylvestris forests on stony slopes at 1000–1200 m. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Cephalaria duzceensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae native to western Black Sea region of Turkey.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "This species is only known from few locations in northwestern Turkey. It grows in Pinus sylvestris forests on stony slopes at 1000–1200 m.",
"title": "Distribution and habitat"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Cephalaria duzceensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae native to western Black Sea region of Turkey. | 2023-12-11T09:13:59Z | 2023-12-16T03:49:09Z | [
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75,536,542 | Mahanadhi (disambiguation) | The Mahanadi is a river in eastern India.
Mahanadhi or Mahanadi may also refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Mahanadi is a river in eastern India.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Mahanadhi or Mahanadi may also refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | The Mahanadi is a river in eastern India. Mahanadhi or Mahanadi may also refer to: Mahanadhi, Indian Tamil-language film starring Shobana Vignesh
Mahanadhi, 2023 Indian Tamil-language drama television series
Mahanadi, Indian Kannada-language film
Mahanadi Shankar, Indian actor | 2023-12-11T09:15:01Z | 2023-12-28T05:53:04Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahanadhi_(disambiguation) |
75,536,557 | Skeletal Dysplasias Alliance | The Skeletal Dysplasia Alliance is an organization dedicated to advocating for individuals with conditions such as Achondroplasia and other Skeletal Dysplasias with Dwarfism (ASDD) across Europe. In the context of global advancements in recognizing the rights of people with disabilities, the alliance emphasizes the unique needs of the ASDD community that have historically been overlooked.
The alliance collaborates with various organizations to address the common challenges faced by individuals with ASDD in Europe. Despite progress in EU disability policies, there is still an observed gap in acknowledging and addressing the specific needs of this stigmatized community.
The consensus declaration presented by the alliance serves as a call to action, urging the European Union to listen to the voices of people with ASDD and implement real, lasting solutions. The alliance envisions a 'social Europe' that establishes common standards, fosters increased cooperation, and brings about tangible change for individuals with ASDD.
In 2020, seven organizations representing individuals with Achondroplasia and other Skeletal Dysplasias from various European countries decided to collaborate on an advocacy project. Their objective is to promote the often overlooked discussion surrounding the needs and challenges of individuals with short stature, both in EU policies and at the national level. They developed a Consensus Paper addressing the situation of ASDD in Europe and proposing political actions for improvement.
The Consensus Paper served as a cornerstone for advocacy on skeletal dysplasias, analyzing the comprehensive needs of these conditions, including issues related to stigma, health, social protection, and barriers in education and employment.
In November 2021, the SD group presented the Consensus at an institutional event with the support of five representatives from the EU Parliament and the European Commission. The presentation underscored the necessity of political and social dialogue to reduce and overcome the challenges faced by affected individuals. To this end, the coordinated, active efforts of ASDD organizations are deemed essential.
Skeletal Dysplasias (SD), or Osteochondrodysplasias, encompass over 450 rare conditions linked to cartilage and bone disorders, resulting in varying degrees of short stature. While each specific skeletal dysplasia is individually uncommon, collectively, their incidence is nearly 1 in 5000.
Among these conditions, Achondroplasia is the most prevalent, occurring at an approximate rate of 1 in 20,000-30,000 live births. Currently, around 250,000 individuals worldwide are affected by this variant.
While most cases are evident at birth, some receive a diagnosis during early infancy. Newborns with Achondroplasia often exhibit distinct limb proportions, including variations in head, thorax, and hand sizes. In adulthood, the average height for males with Achondroplasia is 131 centimeters, while females typically measure 124 centimeters. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Skeletal Dysplasia Alliance is an organization dedicated to advocating for individuals with conditions such as Achondroplasia and other Skeletal Dysplasias with Dwarfism (ASDD) across Europe. In the context of global advancements in recognizing the rights of people with disabilities, the alliance emphasizes the unique needs of the ASDD community that have historically been overlooked.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "The alliance collaborates with various organizations to address the common challenges faced by individuals with ASDD in Europe. Despite progress in EU disability policies, there is still an observed gap in acknowledging and addressing the specific needs of this stigmatized community.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The consensus declaration presented by the alliance serves as a call to action, urging the European Union to listen to the voices of people with ASDD and implement real, lasting solutions. The alliance envisions a 'social Europe' that establishes common standards, fosters increased cooperation, and brings about tangible change for individuals with ASDD.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2020, seven organizations representing individuals with Achondroplasia and other Skeletal Dysplasias from various European countries decided to collaborate on an advocacy project. Their objective is to promote the often overlooked discussion surrounding the needs and challenges of individuals with short stature, both in EU policies and at the national level. They developed a Consensus Paper addressing the situation of ASDD in Europe and proposing political actions for improvement.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Consensus Paper served as a cornerstone for advocacy on skeletal dysplasias, analyzing the comprehensive needs of these conditions, including issues related to stigma, health, social protection, and barriers in education and employment.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In November 2021, the SD group presented the Consensus at an institutional event with the support of five representatives from the EU Parliament and the European Commission. The presentation underscored the necessity of political and social dialogue to reduce and overcome the challenges faced by affected individuals. To this end, the coordinated, active efforts of ASDD organizations are deemed essential.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Skeletal Dysplasias (SD), or Osteochondrodysplasias, encompass over 450 rare conditions linked to cartilage and bone disorders, resulting in varying degrees of short stature. While each specific skeletal dysplasia is individually uncommon, collectively, their incidence is nearly 1 in 5000.",
"title": "Skeletal Dysplasia"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Among these conditions, Achondroplasia is the most prevalent, occurring at an approximate rate of 1 in 20,000-30,000 live births. Currently, around 250,000 individuals worldwide are affected by this variant.",
"title": "Skeletal Dysplasia"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "While most cases are evident at birth, some receive a diagnosis during early infancy. Newborns with Achondroplasia often exhibit distinct limb proportions, including variations in head, thorax, and hand sizes. In adulthood, the average height for males with Achondroplasia is 131 centimeters, while females typically measure 124 centimeters.",
"title": "Skeletal Dysplasia"
}
] | The Skeletal Dysplasia Alliance is an organization dedicated to advocating for individuals with conditions such as Achondroplasia and other Skeletal Dysplasias with Dwarfism (ASDD) across Europe. In the context of global advancements in recognizing the rights of people with disabilities, the alliance emphasizes the unique needs of the ASDD community that have historically been overlooked. The alliance collaborates with various organizations to address the common challenges faced by individuals with ASDD in Europe. Despite progress in EU disability policies, there is still an observed gap in acknowledging and addressing the specific needs of this stigmatized community. The consensus declaration presented by the alliance serves as a call to action, urging the European Union to listen to the voices of people with ASDD and implement real, lasting solutions. The alliance envisions a 'social Europe' that establishes common standards, fosters increased cooperation, and brings about tangible change for individuals with ASDD. | 2023-12-11T09:17:06Z | 2023-12-14T15:01:50Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_Dysplasias_Alliance |
75,536,582 | 2023-24 West Bank Second League | The 2023–24 West Bank Second League is the 14th edition of the West Bank Second League, the top football league in the West Bank of Palestine.
Group A
Group B
Group C
Source:goalzz.com: Live sports scores, news and more | [
{
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"text": "The 2023–24 West Bank Second League is the 14th edition of the West Bank Second League, the top football league in the West Bank of Palestine.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Group A",
"title": "Clubs 2023-24"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Group B",
"title": "Clubs 2023-24"
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{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Group C",
"title": "Clubs 2023-24"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Source:goalzz.com: Live sports scores, news and more",
"title": "Clubs 2023-24"
}
] | The 2023–24 West Bank Second League is the 14th edition of the West Bank Second League, the top football league in the West Bank of Palestine. | 2023-12-11T09:21:11Z | 2023-12-29T23:21:05Z | [
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75,536,588 | Cephalaria tuteliana | Cephalaria tuteliana is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae native to East Thrace in Turkey. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Cephalaria tuteliana is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae native to East Thrace in Turkey.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
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] | Cephalaria tuteliana is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae native to East Thrace in Turkey. | 2023-12-11T09:22:17Z | 2023-12-16T01:13:37Z | [
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75,536,591 | Marjorie Peel | Marjorie Lilian Peel (née Thomas, later Draper, 18 June 1905 – 1987) was a Scottish amateur golfer. She won the Scottish Women's Amateur Championship in 1954 and was a member of the 1954 Curtis Cup team.
Peel first reached the final of the Scottish Women's Amateur Championship at Gullane in 1952. She lost 13&11 to Jean Donald, the biggest margin the history of the event. Later in 1952, in partnership with George Mackie, she won the Worplesdon Mixed Foursomes, the pair having been runners-up the previous year. In 1954 she again reached the final of the Scottish Amateur, beating Jessie Valentine 7&6 in the final at Turnberry. In 1962 she reached the final for the third time, losing 5&4 to Joan Lawrence at Royal Dornoch.
In June 1954, soon after her win in the Scottish Amateur, Peel was selected for the 1954 Curtis Cup team at Merion Golf Club in September. The Americans won by 6 matches to 3. Peel lost her foursomes match and was not selected for singles. The team had earlier beaten a Canadian team, Peel winning both of her matches. In 1955 she played in the Vagliano Trophy match against France and in a match against Belgium the following day, both matches being played at Gullane. Peel played for Scotland in the Women's Home Internationals 14 times between 1929 to 1962.
Peel was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on 18 June 1905, the daughter of Lionel George Thomas. In 1931 she married Roland Tennyson Peel, who worked at the India Office. Roland Peel was killed in a plane crash in 1945, returning from the UN San Francisco Conference. She remarried in 1961 to Charles Draper. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Marjorie Lilian Peel (née Thomas, later Draper, 18 June 1905 – 1987) was a Scottish amateur golfer. She won the Scottish Women's Amateur Championship in 1954 and was a member of the 1954 Curtis Cup team.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Peel first reached the final of the Scottish Women's Amateur Championship at Gullane in 1952. She lost 13&11 to Jean Donald, the biggest margin the history of the event. Later in 1952, in partnership with George Mackie, she won the Worplesdon Mixed Foursomes, the pair having been runners-up the previous year. In 1954 she again reached the final of the Scottish Amateur, beating Jessie Valentine 7&6 in the final at Turnberry. In 1962 she reached the final for the third time, losing 5&4 to Joan Lawrence at Royal Dornoch.",
"title": "Golf career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In June 1954, soon after her win in the Scottish Amateur, Peel was selected for the 1954 Curtis Cup team at Merion Golf Club in September. The Americans won by 6 matches to 3. Peel lost her foursomes match and was not selected for singles. The team had earlier beaten a Canadian team, Peel winning both of her matches. In 1955 she played in the Vagliano Trophy match against France and in a match against Belgium the following day, both matches being played at Gullane. Peel played for Scotland in the Women's Home Internationals 14 times between 1929 to 1962.",
"title": "Golf career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Peel was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on 18 June 1905, the daughter of Lionel George Thomas. In 1931 she married Roland Tennyson Peel, who worked at the India Office. Roland Peel was killed in a plane crash in 1945, returning from the UN San Francisco Conference. She remarried in 1961 to Charles Draper.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Marjorie Lilian Peel was a Scottish amateur golfer. She won the Scottish Women's Amateur Championship in 1954 and was a member of the 1954 Curtis Cup team. | 2023-12-11T09:23:44Z | 2023-12-11T17:04:40Z | [
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75,536,646 | Dagmar Beling | Dagmar Elisabet Beling (19 December 1929 — 17 January 2023) was a Swedish painter, school teacher and art historian. Inspired by summers in Sweden and trips across Europe with her husband, she painted in acrylics, gouache and oils. Her works include landscapes, portraits, still lifes and interiors. In 1980, she completed a large wall painting depicting Riddarholmen at Kärrtorp's High School in southern Stockholm. On a journalist's initiative, in 2017 she and the students who had helped her were reunited beside the painting. In addition to her paintings, she is remembered for her biography of the Swedish sculptor Brita Hörlin [sv].
Born in Härnösand on 19 December 1929, Dagmar Elisabet Beling studied at Konstfack (1954–1957) and Högre Konstindustriella Skolan (1957). She graduated in art and literature at Stockholm University. In 1970, she studied mosaics at the CISIM centre in Ravenna. She made study trips to Italy, Spain, Greece and Lofoten in Norway.
Drawing inspiration from the study trips she made with her husband, the lawyer Sven Beling, she painted landscapes, portraits, interiors and still lifes in acrylics, gouache or oils. Subjects included the Stockholm Archipelago, especially around Utö. The couple spent their summers in a log cabin in Medelpad where she depicted colourful scenes of flowers, country life, the vegetation and the sea.
In addition to painting, in 1999 Beling published a book about the Swedish sculptor Brita Hörlin titled Brita Hörlin : en konstnärsprofil (Brita Hörlin: Profile of an Artist). The two had met in Utö. The book describes Hörlin's activities, including her stucco decorations in the entrance halls of HSB houses around Stockholm.
A few years ago, the journalist Lars Epstein became interested in the large wall painting of a Stockholm scene featuring Gamla stan and Riddarholmen in the Kärrtorp High School. He discovered it had been painted by Beling back in 1980. On his initiative, in 2017 Beling and the students who had helped her while she worked there as a teacher were reunited beside the picture.
Beling was represented by entities including the Stockholm Regional Council, Stockholm Municipality and Sweden's Public Art Agency (Statens konstråd). Her works have been widely exhibited in Sweden.
Dagmar Beling died in Stockholm on 17 January 2023, aged 93. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Dagmar Elisabet Beling (19 December 1929 — 17 January 2023) was a Swedish painter, school teacher and art historian. Inspired by summers in Sweden and trips across Europe with her husband, she painted in acrylics, gouache and oils. Her works include landscapes, portraits, still lifes and interiors. In 1980, she completed a large wall painting depicting Riddarholmen at Kärrtorp's High School in southern Stockholm. On a journalist's initiative, in 2017 she and the students who had helped her were reunited beside the painting. In addition to her paintings, she is remembered for her biography of the Swedish sculptor Brita Hörlin [sv].",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Born in Härnösand on 19 December 1929, Dagmar Elisabet Beling studied at Konstfack (1954–1957) and Högre Konstindustriella Skolan (1957). She graduated in art and literature at Stockholm University. In 1970, she studied mosaics at the CISIM centre in Ravenna. She made study trips to Italy, Spain, Greece and Lofoten in Norway.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Drawing inspiration from the study trips she made with her husband, the lawyer Sven Beling, she painted landscapes, portraits, interiors and still lifes in acrylics, gouache or oils. Subjects included the Stockholm Archipelago, especially around Utö. The couple spent their summers in a log cabin in Medelpad where she depicted colourful scenes of flowers, country life, the vegetation and the sea.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In addition to painting, in 1999 Beling published a book about the Swedish sculptor Brita Hörlin titled Brita Hörlin : en konstnärsprofil (Brita Hörlin: Profile of an Artist). The two had met in Utö. The book describes Hörlin's activities, including her stucco decorations in the entrance halls of HSB houses around Stockholm.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "A few years ago, the journalist Lars Epstein became interested in the large wall painting of a Stockholm scene featuring Gamla stan and Riddarholmen in the Kärrtorp High School. He discovered it had been painted by Beling back in 1980. On his initiative, in 2017 Beling and the students who had helped her while she worked there as a teacher were reunited beside the picture.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Beling was represented by entities including the Stockholm Regional Council, Stockholm Municipality and Sweden's Public Art Agency (Statens konstråd). Her works have been widely exhibited in Sweden.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Dagmar Beling died in Stockholm on 17 January 2023, aged 93.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Dagmar Elisabet Beling was a Swedish painter, school teacher and art historian. Inspired by summers in Sweden and trips across Europe with her husband, she painted in acrylics, gouache and oils. Her works include landscapes, portraits, still lifes and interiors. In 1980, she completed a large wall painting depicting Riddarholmen at Kärrtorp's High School in southern Stockholm. On a journalist's initiative, in 2017 she and the students who had helped her were reunited beside the painting. In addition to her paintings, she is remembered for her biography of the Swedish sculptor Brita Hörlin. | 2023-12-11T09:34:24Z | 2023-12-26T12:35:40Z | [
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75,536,686 | Aloe mottramiana | Aloe mottramiana is a species of aloe plant found near Taolagnaro in Madagascar. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Aloe mottramiana is a species of aloe plant found near Taolagnaro in Madagascar.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
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] | Aloe mottramiana is a species of aloe plant found near Taolagnaro in Madagascar. | 2023-12-11T09:39:16Z | 2023-12-11T10:20:42Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_mottramiana |
75,536,710 | Eric John Annunby | Eric John Annunby (born 1975) is a Canadian linguist and Associate Professor of French at Carleton University. He is known for his researches in the field of Iranian languages. Anunbi's research is focused on Lori language. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Eric John Annunby (born 1975) is a Canadian linguist and Associate Professor of French at Carleton University. He is known for his researches in the field of Iranian languages. Anunbi's research is focused on Lori language.",
"title": ""
}
] | Eric John Annunby is a Canadian linguist and Associate Professor of French at Carleton University. He is known for his researches in the field of Iranian languages. Anunbi's research is focused on Lori language. | 2023-12-11T09:44:11Z | 2023-12-11T16:22:51Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:یادکرد ژورنال"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_John_Annunby |
75,536,720 | Vaazha Ninaithaal Vaazhalaam | Vaazha Ninaithaal Vaazhalaam (transl. You can live if you want to live) is a 1978 Indian Tamil-language film romantic drama film directed by Devaraj–Mohan and written by Panchu Arunachalam from a story by Manian. The film stars Jaishankar, Sripriya and Jayadevi, with Major Sundarrajan, Thengai Srinivasan, I. S. R., Ennathe Kannaiah, Manorama, S. N. Lakshmi and Typist Gopu in supporting roles. It was released on 14 January 1978.
Jaishankar and Sripriya are lovers, but due to circumstances beyond their control, they are unable to marry. Jaishankar instead marries Jayadevi. During his marital bliss, Sripriya re-enters his life, leading to emotional upheavals.
The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja. The dappankuthu number "Kaanakuruvikku" attained popularity.
Vaazha Ninaithaal Vaazhalaam was released on 14 January 1978. Ananda Vikatan rated the film 28 out of 100, criticising the story for lack of innovativeness, but lauded Manorama's comedy as the film's saving grace. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Vaazha Ninaithaal Vaazhalaam (transl. You can live if you want to live) is a 1978 Indian Tamil-language film romantic drama film directed by Devaraj–Mohan and written by Panchu Arunachalam from a story by Manian. The film stars Jaishankar, Sripriya and Jayadevi, with Major Sundarrajan, Thengai Srinivasan, I. S. R., Ennathe Kannaiah, Manorama, S. N. Lakshmi and Typist Gopu in supporting roles. It was released on 14 January 1978.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Jaishankar and Sripriya are lovers, but due to circumstances beyond their control, they are unable to marry. Jaishankar instead marries Jayadevi. During his marital bliss, Sripriya re-enters his life, leading to emotional upheavals.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja. The dappankuthu number \"Kaanakuruvikku\" attained popularity.",
"title": "Soundtrack"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Vaazha Ninaithaal Vaazhalaam was released on 14 January 1978. Ananda Vikatan rated the film 28 out of 100, criticising the story for lack of innovativeness, but lauded Manorama's comedy as the film's saving grace.",
"title": "Release and reception"
}
] | Vaazha Ninaithaal Vaazhalaam is a 1978 Indian Tamil-language film romantic drama film directed by Devaraj–Mohan and written by Panchu Arunachalam from a story by Manian. The film stars Jaishankar, Sripriya and Jayadevi, with Major Sundarrajan, Thengai Srinivasan, I. S. R., Ennathe Kannaiah, Manorama, S. N. Lakshmi and Typist Gopu in supporting roles. It was released on 14 January 1978. | 2023-12-11T09:48:01Z | 2023-12-22T06:20:38Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaazha_Ninaithaal_Vaazhalaam |
75,536,746 | Conostylis laxiflora | Conostylis laxiflora is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat, glabrous leaves, and yellow, tubular flowers.
Conostylis laxiflora is a rhizomatous, tufted, perennial, grass-like plant or herb. It has flat leaves 190–600 mm (7.5–23.6 in) long, 0.7–1.0 mm (0.028–0.039 in) wide and glabrous, apart from bristles or hairs on the leaf margins. The flowers are borne in a loose cyme on a flowering stem 70–130 mm (2.8–5.1 in) long with a bract 7–30 mm (0.28–1.18 in) long subtending several flowers, each flower 13–15 mm (0.51–0.59 in) long on a pedicel 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long with floral bracts 8–13 mm (0.31–0.51 in) long at the base. The perianth is yellow, with six tepals 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) long, the anthers 4.2–4.5 mm (0.17–0.18 in) long and the style 7.0–7.5 mm (0.28–0.30 in) long. Flowering occurs in October and November.
Conostylis laxiflora was first formally described in 1873 by George Bentham in his Flora Australiensis from specimens collected by Augustus Oldfield near the Vasse River. The specific epithet (laxiflora) means "open-flowered".
This conostylis grows in sandy soils near swamps and creeks forest and heath in the Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren bioregions of south-western Western Australia. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Conostylis laxiflora is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat, glabrous leaves, and yellow, tubular flowers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Conostylis laxiflora is a rhizomatous, tufted, perennial, grass-like plant or herb. It has flat leaves 190–600 mm (7.5–23.6 in) long, 0.7–1.0 mm (0.028–0.039 in) wide and glabrous, apart from bristles or hairs on the leaf margins. The flowers are borne in a loose cyme on a flowering stem 70–130 mm (2.8–5.1 in) long with a bract 7–30 mm (0.28–1.18 in) long subtending several flowers, each flower 13–15 mm (0.51–0.59 in) long on a pedicel 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long with floral bracts 8–13 mm (0.31–0.51 in) long at the base. The perianth is yellow, with six tepals 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) long, the anthers 4.2–4.5 mm (0.17–0.18 in) long and the style 7.0–7.5 mm (0.28–0.30 in) long. Flowering occurs in October and November.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Conostylis laxiflora was first formally described in 1873 by George Bentham in his Flora Australiensis from specimens collected by Augustus Oldfield near the Vasse River. The specific epithet (laxiflora) means \"open-flowered\".",
"title": "Taxonomy and naming"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "This conostylis grows in sandy soils near swamps and creeks forest and heath in the Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren bioregions of south-western Western Australia.",
"title": "Distribution and habitat"
}
] | Conostylis laxiflora is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat, glabrous leaves, and yellow, tubular flowers. | 2023-12-11T09:51:58Z | 2023-12-11T09:51:58Z | [
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75,536,782 | Georgie A. Hulse McLeod | Georgie A. Hulse McLeod (née, Hulse; pen name, various, including Mary A. Holmes and Flora Neale; 1827–1890) was a 19th-century author, hymnwriter, educator, and temperance activist, well known in literary and temperance circles throughout the American South.
For 18 years, she corresponded with Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, who took much interest in her and in her work. She received encouragement from Lydia Sigourney, while Dr. Benjamin Franklin Thompson, the Long Island historian, was also one of McLeod's steadfast friends.
Georgiana (nickname, "Georgie") Amelia Hulse was born was born in 1827, near Pensacola, Florida, at the naval hospital, of which her father was then surgeon. She was the daughter of Dr. Isaac Hulse (1797–1856), surgeon of the United States Navy, and Amelia Roberts Hulse (1801–1827), a native of Pensacola. Rev. Dr. George Roberts, of Baltimore was her grandfather. Dr. Thomas Roberts, of Baltimore, was her uncle.
While an infant, Georgie's mother died, and she was reared by her grandparents in Baltimore. In her childhood, she mingled in French society, the naval officers of French men-of-war ships being frequent guests of her father when in port.
She evinced a taste for literature while still a girl. In order to complete her education, she was sent to a convent, where she remained several years. While still a girl, she contributed to several periodicals under various pen names.
While in school, she wrote Sunbeams and Shadows. It was published by the Appletons, New York, soon after completing her education, some time prior to 1853. Also written while at school and published by Appleton & Co. was Aunt Minnie's Portfolio.
In 1853, she married the Rev. Dr. Alexander W. McLeod, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, where for a time they resided. He was a Canadian divine and editor of the official organ of the Wesleyan Methodists of the lower provinces. Their children were: Isaac, Nelly, and Daisy.
In Halifax, she published , Ivy Leaves from the Old Homestead, which contains both prose and poems. This was soon followed by Thine and Mine and Seadrift, which was published by Messrs. Derby & Jackson in New York City.
Since the end of the civil war, she published Sea-Drifts (1867), a collection of largely serious stories embracing poems. It deals mainly with school-girls, their ways and thoughts, their joys and trials. McLeod was also the author of Bright Memories, very similar to Sea-Drifts, except possibly more religious. There is great similarity among these volumes. They are eminently moral, sometimes religious, and always temperate in being removed from the sensational and melodramatic. She completed a book for juveniles, entitled Standing Guard, and a novel, The Old, Old Story.
McLeod was a constant contributor to magazines, in the North and the South, under the signature of "Flora Neale", and other noms de plume. McLeod also wrote lyrics to several hymns. A very industrious writer, she considered her writing as a recreation.
In the 1860s, she was the Principal of the Southern Literary Institute, Baltimore, where many Southern girls from the best families were educated. She gave free tuition to one young lady, the daughter of a deceased Confederate soldier, from each Southern State.
McLeod was the secretary of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (W.C.T.U.) of Maryland and the Southern secretary for the National W.C.T.U.
She was writing a prohibition story, entitled Unprotected Home, when taken sick. Georgie A. Hulse McLeod died at Baltimore, July 2, 1890. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Georgie A. Hulse McLeod (née, Hulse; pen name, various, including Mary A. Holmes and Flora Neale; 1827–1890) was a 19th-century author, hymnwriter, educator, and temperance activist, well known in literary and temperance circles throughout the American South.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "For 18 years, she corresponded with Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, who took much interest in her and in her work. She received encouragement from Lydia Sigourney, while Dr. Benjamin Franklin Thompson, the Long Island historian, was also one of McLeod's steadfast friends.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Georgiana (nickname, \"Georgie\") Amelia Hulse was born was born in 1827, near Pensacola, Florida, at the naval hospital, of which her father was then surgeon. She was the daughter of Dr. Isaac Hulse (1797–1856), surgeon of the United States Navy, and Amelia Roberts Hulse (1801–1827), a native of Pensacola. Rev. Dr. George Roberts, of Baltimore was her grandfather. Dr. Thomas Roberts, of Baltimore, was her uncle.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "While an infant, Georgie's mother died, and she was reared by her grandparents in Baltimore. In her childhood, she mingled in French society, the naval officers of French men-of-war ships being frequent guests of her father when in port.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "She evinced a taste for literature while still a girl. In order to complete her education, she was sent to a convent, where she remained several years. While still a girl, she contributed to several periodicals under various pen names.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "While in school, she wrote Sunbeams and Shadows. It was published by the Appletons, New York, soon after completing her education, some time prior to 1853. Also written while at school and published by Appleton & Co. was Aunt Minnie's Portfolio.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 1853, she married the Rev. Dr. Alexander W. McLeod, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, where for a time they resided. He was a Canadian divine and editor of the official organ of the Wesleyan Methodists of the lower provinces. Their children were: Isaac, Nelly, and Daisy.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In Halifax, she published , Ivy Leaves from the Old Homestead, which contains both prose and poems. This was soon followed by Thine and Mine and Seadrift, which was published by Messrs. Derby & Jackson in New York City.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Since the end of the civil war, she published Sea-Drifts (1867), a collection of largely serious stories embracing poems. It deals mainly with school-girls, their ways and thoughts, their joys and trials. McLeod was also the author of Bright Memories, very similar to Sea-Drifts, except possibly more religious. There is great similarity among these volumes. They are eminently moral, sometimes religious, and always temperate in being removed from the sensational and melodramatic. She completed a book for juveniles, entitled Standing Guard, and a novel, The Old, Old Story.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "McLeod was a constant contributor to magazines, in the North and the South, under the signature of \"Flora Neale\", and other noms de plume. McLeod also wrote lyrics to several hymns. A very industrious writer, she considered her writing as a recreation.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "In the 1860s, she was the Principal of the Southern Literary Institute, Baltimore, where many Southern girls from the best families were educated. She gave free tuition to one young lady, the daughter of a deceased Confederate soldier, from each Southern State.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "McLeod was the secretary of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (W.C.T.U.) of Maryland and the Southern secretary for the National W.C.T.U.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "She was writing a prohibition story, entitled Unprotected Home, when taken sick. Georgie A. Hulse McLeod died at Baltimore, July 2, 1890.",
"title": "Later life and death"
}
] | Georgie A. Hulse McLeod was a 19th-century author, hymnwriter, educator, and temperance activist, well known in literary and temperance circles throughout the American South. For 18 years, she corresponded with Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, who took much interest in her and in her work. She received encouragement from Lydia Sigourney, while Dr. Benjamin Franklin Thompson, the Long Island historian, was also one of McLeod's steadfast friends. | 2023-12-11T09:59:33Z | 2023-12-13T01:02:18Z | [
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75,536,805 | Trevor Jones (artist) | Trevor Jones is a Canadian artist and early adopter of non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
Originally from Lumby, Canada, he faced financial struggles after graduating from art school but later gained significant success in the digital art world.
Jones merges his traditional art background with digital innovation. His journey into the art world began at age 31, following a depression bout and a brief attempt at a music career. After travelling and exploring his ancestry, Jones settled in Edinburgh, UK, and attended art school.
The actor Brian Cox and the Scottish singer songwriter KT Tunstall appeared in his 2017 collection, The Famous.
In 2021, Jones achieved a record sale with a piece of digital artwork titled The Bitcoin Angel, which earned him £2.4 million as an NFT.
In 2021 he worked Ice Cube to create Man vs Machine which was a mixed media body of work.
His interest in technology led him to explore augmented reality and QR code integration in his artwork. His collection Would I Lie to You: the Art of Politics and Propaganda combined fine art portraits with AR technology.
Jones created an art installation on London's Oxford Street to commemorate the coronation of King Charles III. Jones' piece, The Oath appeared across large screens on the W1 Curates building, a public art display in Oxford Street.
The piece was originally a physical painting in Jones' Edinburgh studio. It portrays St Edward's Crown. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Trevor Jones is a Canadian artist and early adopter of non-fungible tokens (NFTs).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Originally from Lumby, Canada, he faced financial struggles after graduating from art school but later gained significant success in the digital art world.",
"title": "Early life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Jones merges his traditional art background with digital innovation. His journey into the art world began at age 31, following a depression bout and a brief attempt at a music career. After travelling and exploring his ancestry, Jones settled in Edinburgh, UK, and attended art school.",
"title": "Early life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The actor Brian Cox and the Scottish singer songwriter KT Tunstall appeared in his 2017 collection, The Famous.",
"title": "Early life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2021, Jones achieved a record sale with a piece of digital artwork titled The Bitcoin Angel, which earned him £2.4 million as an NFT.",
"title": "Early life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 2021 he worked Ice Cube to create Man vs Machine which was a mixed media body of work.",
"title": "Early life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "His interest in technology led him to explore augmented reality and QR code integration in his artwork. His collection Would I Lie to You: the Art of Politics and Propaganda combined fine art portraits with AR technology.",
"title": "Early life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Jones created an art installation on London's Oxford Street to commemorate the coronation of King Charles III. Jones' piece, The Oath appeared across large screens on the W1 Curates building, a public art display in Oxford Street.",
"title": "Early life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The piece was originally a physical painting in Jones' Edinburgh studio. It portrays St Edward's Crown.",
"title": "Early life and career"
}
] | Trevor Jones is a Canadian artist and early adopter of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). | 2023-12-11T10:05:17Z | 2023-12-26T18:09:26Z | [
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75,536,809 | Boudica: The Queen of War | Boudica: The Queen of War (or simply Boudica), is a British 2023 action drama film directed and written by Jesse V. Johnson. The film follows the eponymous Celtic warrior of the Iceni people, Boudica, in Roman Britain and how she revolted against the Romans after the death of her husband, Prasutagus. The film stars Olga Kurylenko as the titular character. The film received generally negative reviews.
Prasutagus and his wife, Boudica are the King and Queen of the Iceni people. The King dies at the hands of Roman soldiers, leaving Boudica's kingdom without a male heir, and the Romans seize her land and property.
Filming took place in various locations across the United Kingdom. Film crew were spotted filming in St Lawrence's Church in Ipswich. The roundhouse was filmed in Hadleigh.
The film was released on Amazon Prime Video on 30 October 2023.
Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives Boudica: The Queen of War a 40% rating based on 15 reviews and an average of 4.4. One review by Bilge Ebiri of New York Magazine/Vulture; "It’s like a dimestore Braveheart: It might not have the sweep of those old-school period action films, but it’s still thrilling and passionate and filled with bloodcurdling, wall-to-wall violence." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Boudica: The Queen of War (or simply Boudica), is a British 2023 action drama film directed and written by Jesse V. Johnson. The film follows the eponymous Celtic warrior of the Iceni people, Boudica, in Roman Britain and how she revolted against the Romans after the death of her husband, Prasutagus. The film stars Olga Kurylenko as the titular character. The film received generally negative reviews.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Prasutagus and his wife, Boudica are the King and Queen of the Iceni people. The King dies at the hands of Roman soldiers, leaving Boudica's kingdom without a male heir, and the Romans seize her land and property.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Filming took place in various locations across the United Kingdom. Film crew were spotted filming in St Lawrence's Church in Ipswich. The roundhouse was filmed in Hadleigh.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The film was released on Amazon Prime Video on 30 October 2023.",
"title": "Release"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives Boudica: The Queen of War a 40% rating based on 15 reviews and an average of 4.4. One review by Bilge Ebiri of New York Magazine/Vulture; \"It’s like a dimestore Braveheart: It might not have the sweep of those old-school period action films, but it’s still thrilling and passionate and filled with bloodcurdling, wall-to-wall violence.\"",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Boudica: The Queen of War, is a British 2023 action drama film directed and written by Jesse V. Johnson. The film follows the eponymous Celtic warrior of the Iceni people, Boudica, in Roman Britain and how she revolted against the Romans after the death of her husband, Prasutagus. The film stars Olga Kurylenko as the titular character. The film received generally negative reviews. | 2023-12-11T10:05:50Z | 2023-12-17T09:26:25Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boudica:_The_Queen_of_War |
75,536,820 | Arslan-Shah (Seljuk sultan) | Rukn al-Din Abu al-Muzaffar Arslan Shah Ibn Tughril II (1133–1176) was a Seljuk sultan who appointed as ruler of Iraq and Persia. His reign lasted fifteen years and seven months. His reign was distinguished by the influence and dominance of the prince and founder of the Atabeg of Azerbaijan, “Shams al-Din Eldiguz,” after the death of Arslan’s father. Shah, his mother, Momina Hatun, married Eldiguz, and his uncle, Sultan Masoud, took care of him. In 1160, Shams al-Din declared Arslan Shah installed as ruler of the Seljuk Sultanate in Iraq.
Eldiguz participated in the princes of the Seljuk state in their struggle to reach the position of the Sultanate more than once, and he supported one party over the other, and his contribution to these struggles had a great impact on the arrival of his stepson, Arslan bin Tughrul bin Muhammad, to the position of Seljuk Sultan in Persia and Iraq. So Arslan kept Atabeg Eldiguz in Hamadan (the capital of Seljuk Iraq) and appointed his maternal brother, Muhammad Jahan Bahlawan bin Eldiguz, as his chamberlain. Eldiguz's influence remained strong until his death in 1172 (568 AH), and Sultan Arslan had nothing but his name to be addressed on the pulpits and his name would be struck.
Important political decisions were made by Prince Eldiguz and Arslan Shah was practically under the monarchy. However, Arslan Shah, with the help of Amir Eldiguz, managed to avoid the events and developments that occurred during his reign, including the Georgian invasion plots of Muslim lands and the Georgian seizure of Azerbaijan, the struggle against the Ismailis and the occupation of their fortresses. Which led to the relative stability of the foundations of the Seljuk government during the reign of Arslan Shah.
Shams al-Din became the atabeg of Arslan Shah bin Tughrul, and was given the rule of the Arran region in the year 541 AH/1146 AD. He began to expand his influence in the neighboring regions, and seized most of Azerbaijan, the mountains, Hamadan, Isfahan, and Ray, and made Tabriz his capital. Eldiguz's influence was strong because he was the Sultan's Atabeg and the ruler of Azerbaijan, and he controlled all the state's facilities. He was able, with his competence, good management, and the assistance of his two sons, Muhammad Jahan Pahlawan and Muzaffar al-Din Uthman Qazil Arslan, to repel the plots of the enemies and defeat them. He added to the above that he married his son Muhammad Jahan Pahlawan to the daughter of the ruler of Ray.
Before Arslan Shah's rule, Sultan Muhammad was worried after Al-Muqtafi Al-Abbasi had grown in power, and he gathered with his supporters and launched an attack on Baghdad. The imprisoned Seljuk princes were released, and Arslan Shah was leading the march among the army. However, the Seljuk Sultanate in Iraq was defeated by Al-Muqtafi's army. After the death of Sultan Muhammad, civil wars broke out in the Seljuk Sultanate in Iraq. In turn, Shams al-Din Eldiguz installed Arslan Shah on the throne of the Iraqi Sultanate. In November 1160, Eldiguz entered the city of Hamadan with Arslan Shah at the head of an army of 20,000. They were welcomed by all the nobles and princes of the state, and Hamadan was declared the ruling sultan of Iraq. Shams al-Din Eldiguz earned the title of “The Great Atabeg” and effectively took control of the Seljuk Sultanate in Iraq. The eldest son, Mehmet Jahan Pahlawan, became the Sultan's chamberlain, and the youngest son, Gisel Arslan, was appointed commander-in-chief of the army.
One of the important events during the reign of Arslan Shah was Eldiguz’s trip to Georgia in 557 and the war with George III (580-551). The rule of Eldiguz in Azerbaijan coincided with a new phase in the revival of the activities of the Georgian kings. The Georgians took advantage of the absence of Eldiguz in the region and attacked the cities, killing many local residents and plundering people's property. The scene was repeated in the year 557, when it attacked Muslim areas and captured the city of Devin. In the battle between Arslan Shah and the Georgians near Lokri Castle, the Muslims inflicted a severe defeat on the Georgians and regained their lands. Much of the spoils fell into the hands of the Muslims, and they made the emperor their subjects.
However, the situation was not good between the Abbasid Caliph and Arslan Shah, so Eldiguz sent a representative to Baghdad and asked the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mustanjed to deliver the sermon in the name of Arslan Shah in Iraq, but he left Baghdad with a black face, and the Caliph united with other rulers against Arslan Shah and his Atabegs.
In the absence of Prince Arslan Shah and Eldiguz, the Ismailis rebuilt their fortresses in Qazvin when Atabeg Eldiguz and Sultan Arslan marched to suppress the Georgians. The Ismailis faced resistance from the people of Qazvin. After Arslan Shah returned from the war with the Georgians, people went to him and complained. Arslan Shah attacked fortresses to repel the Ismaili strife. During the four months of attacking the Ismailis, he dealt them heavy blows and was able to conquer and destroy the Ismaili fortresses.
From 1167 to 1168, the ruler of Kerman, Tughrul Shah, died, and a power struggle began between his sons. The middle son fled to Hamadan and came to serve Sultan Arslan Shah and Shams al-Din Eldiguz. In 1168, Shams al-Din's forces entered Kerman. Arslan Shah II was appointed governor of Kerman, subordinate to Shah Atabeg.
When the news of Shams al-Din Eldiguz's death reached Jahan Pahlawan, he immediately departed from Hamadan to Nakhchivan, and seized the state treasury and the throne's possessions. He also gathered all the forces together, and began to wait for the Sultan's attitude towards him. After Eldiguz's death in 1175, the princes, dissatisfied with his policy, took advantage of Jahan's departure from Hamadan to incite Sultan Arslan Shah to attack Azerbaijan with a large army. But Sultan Arslan Shah invited Jahan to the capital, reconciled with him, and died shortly after handing over the administration of the state to him. According to the sources, Arslan Shah was poisoned on the orders of Jahan, and he installed Tughrul III, the 7-year-old son of Arslan Shah, on the Sultan’s throne in 1177, and became his atabeg. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Rukn al-Din Abu al-Muzaffar Arslan Shah Ibn Tughril II (1133–1176) was a Seljuk sultan who appointed as ruler of Iraq and Persia. His reign lasted fifteen years and seven months. His reign was distinguished by the influence and dominance of the prince and founder of the Atabeg of Azerbaijan, “Shams al-Din Eldiguz,” after the death of Arslan’s father. Shah, his mother, Momina Hatun, married Eldiguz, and his uncle, Sultan Masoud, took care of him. In 1160, Shams al-Din declared Arslan Shah installed as ruler of the Seljuk Sultanate in Iraq.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Eldiguz participated in the princes of the Seljuk state in their struggle to reach the position of the Sultanate more than once, and he supported one party over the other, and his contribution to these struggles had a great impact on the arrival of his stepson, Arslan bin Tughrul bin Muhammad, to the position of Seljuk Sultan in Persia and Iraq. So Arslan kept Atabeg Eldiguz in Hamadan (the capital of Seljuk Iraq) and appointed his maternal brother, Muhammad Jahan Bahlawan bin Eldiguz, as his chamberlain. Eldiguz's influence remained strong until his death in 1172 (568 AH), and Sultan Arslan had nothing but his name to be addressed on the pulpits and his name would be struck.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Important political decisions were made by Prince Eldiguz and Arslan Shah was practically under the monarchy. However, Arslan Shah, with the help of Amir Eldiguz, managed to avoid the events and developments that occurred during his reign, including the Georgian invasion plots of Muslim lands and the Georgian seizure of Azerbaijan, the struggle against the Ismailis and the occupation of their fortresses. Which led to the relative stability of the foundations of the Seljuk government during the reign of Arslan Shah.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Shams al-Din became the atabeg of Arslan Shah bin Tughrul, and was given the rule of the Arran region in the year 541 AH/1146 AD. He began to expand his influence in the neighboring regions, and seized most of Azerbaijan, the mountains, Hamadan, Isfahan, and Ray, and made Tabriz his capital. Eldiguz's influence was strong because he was the Sultan's Atabeg and the ruler of Azerbaijan, and he controlled all the state's facilities. He was able, with his competence, good management, and the assistance of his two sons, Muhammad Jahan Pahlawan and Muzaffar al-Din Uthman Qazil Arslan, to repel the plots of the enemies and defeat them. He added to the above that he married his son Muhammad Jahan Pahlawan to the daughter of the ruler of Ray.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Before Arslan Shah's rule, Sultan Muhammad was worried after Al-Muqtafi Al-Abbasi had grown in power, and he gathered with his supporters and launched an attack on Baghdad. The imprisoned Seljuk princes were released, and Arslan Shah was leading the march among the army. However, the Seljuk Sultanate in Iraq was defeated by Al-Muqtafi's army. After the death of Sultan Muhammad, civil wars broke out in the Seljuk Sultanate in Iraq. In turn, Shams al-Din Eldiguz installed Arslan Shah on the throne of the Iraqi Sultanate. In November 1160, Eldiguz entered the city of Hamadan with Arslan Shah at the head of an army of 20,000. They were welcomed by all the nobles and princes of the state, and Hamadan was declared the ruling sultan of Iraq. Shams al-Din Eldiguz earned the title of “The Great Atabeg” and effectively took control of the Seljuk Sultanate in Iraq. The eldest son, Mehmet Jahan Pahlawan, became the Sultan's chamberlain, and the youngest son, Gisel Arslan, was appointed commander-in-chief of the army.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "One of the important events during the reign of Arslan Shah was Eldiguz’s trip to Georgia in 557 and the war with George III (580-551). The rule of Eldiguz in Azerbaijan coincided with a new phase in the revival of the activities of the Georgian kings. The Georgians took advantage of the absence of Eldiguz in the region and attacked the cities, killing many local residents and plundering people's property. The scene was repeated in the year 557, when it attacked Muslim areas and captured the city of Devin. In the battle between Arslan Shah and the Georgians near Lokri Castle, the Muslims inflicted a severe defeat on the Georgians and regained their lands. Much of the spoils fell into the hands of the Muslims, and they made the emperor their subjects.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "However, the situation was not good between the Abbasid Caliph and Arslan Shah, so Eldiguz sent a representative to Baghdad and asked the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mustanjed to deliver the sermon in the name of Arslan Shah in Iraq, but he left Baghdad with a black face, and the Caliph united with other rulers against Arslan Shah and his Atabegs.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In the absence of Prince Arslan Shah and Eldiguz, the Ismailis rebuilt their fortresses in Qazvin when Atabeg Eldiguz and Sultan Arslan marched to suppress the Georgians. The Ismailis faced resistance from the people of Qazvin. After Arslan Shah returned from the war with the Georgians, people went to him and complained. Arslan Shah attacked fortresses to repel the Ismaili strife. During the four months of attacking the Ismailis, he dealt them heavy blows and was able to conquer and destroy the Ismaili fortresses.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "From 1167 to 1168, the ruler of Kerman, Tughrul Shah, died, and a power struggle began between his sons. The middle son fled to Hamadan and came to serve Sultan Arslan Shah and Shams al-Din Eldiguz. In 1168, Shams al-Din's forces entered Kerman. Arslan Shah II was appointed governor of Kerman, subordinate to Shah Atabeg.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "When the news of Shams al-Din Eldiguz's death reached Jahan Pahlawan, he immediately departed from Hamadan to Nakhchivan, and seized the state treasury and the throne's possessions. He also gathered all the forces together, and began to wait for the Sultan's attitude towards him. After Eldiguz's death in 1175, the princes, dissatisfied with his policy, took advantage of Jahan's departure from Hamadan to incite Sultan Arslan Shah to attack Azerbaijan with a large army. But Sultan Arslan Shah invited Jahan to the capital, reconciled with him, and died shortly after handing over the administration of the state to him. According to the sources, Arslan Shah was poisoned on the orders of Jahan, and he installed Tughrul III, the 7-year-old son of Arslan Shah, on the Sultan’s throne in 1177, and became his atabeg.",
"title": "Death"
}
] | Rukn al-Din Abu al-Muzaffar Arslan Shah Ibn Tughril II (1133–1176) was a Seljuk sultan who appointed as ruler of Iraq and Persia. His reign lasted fifteen years and seven months. His reign was distinguished by the influence and dominance of the prince and founder of the Atabeg of Azerbaijan, “Shams al-Din Eldiguz,” after the death of Arslan’s father. Shah, his mother, Momina Hatun, married Eldiguz, and his uncle, Sultan Masoud, took care of him. In 1160, Shams al-Din declared Arslan Shah installed as ruler of the Seljuk Sultanate in Iraq. Eldiguz participated in the princes of the Seljuk state in their struggle to reach the position of the Sultanate more than once, and he supported one party over the other, and his contribution to these struggles had a great impact on the arrival of his stepson, Arslan bin Tughrul bin Muhammad, to the position of Seljuk Sultan in Persia and Iraq. So Arslan kept Atabeg Eldiguz in Hamadan and appointed his maternal brother, Muhammad Jahan Bahlawan bin Eldiguz, as his chamberlain. Eldiguz's influence remained strong until his death in 1172, and Sultan Arslan had nothing but his name to be addressed on the pulpits and his name would be struck. Important political decisions were made by Prince Eldiguz and Arslan Shah was practically under the monarchy. However, Arslan Shah, with the help of Amir Eldiguz, managed to avoid the events and developments that occurred during his reign, including the Georgian invasion plots of Muslim lands and the Georgian seizure of Azerbaijan, the struggle against the Ismailis and the occupation of their fortresses. Which led to the relative stability of the foundations of the Seljuk government during the reign of Arslan Shah. | 2023-12-11T10:07:35Z | 2023-12-12T10:01:21Z | [
"Template:Seljuk dynasty",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox royalty",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Dead link"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arslan-Shah_(Seljuk_sultan) |
75,536,828 | Poland–Tajikistan relations | Poland–Tajikistan relations are bilateral relations between Poland and Tajikistan. Both nations are full members of the OSCE, World Trade Organization and United Nations.
Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in 1939, the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was one of the destinations for the deportations of Poles from Soviet-occupied eastern Poland. As of 1943, there were 2,121 Polish citizens in Tajikistan, according to Soviet data. After the war, over 4,500 Poles were repatriated from the Tajik SSR to Poland in 1946–1948.
Poland recognized Tajikistan shortly after the Tajik declaration of independence, and bilateral relations were established in 1992. Several bilateral agreements were signed since, including a double tax avoidance treaty and a cultural and scientific cooperation agreement in Warsaw in 2003, and a economic cooperation agreement in Dushanbe in 2009. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Poland–Tajikistan relations are bilateral relations between Poland and Tajikistan. Both nations are full members of the OSCE, World Trade Organization and United Nations.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in 1939, the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was one of the destinations for the deportations of Poles from Soviet-occupied eastern Poland. As of 1943, there were 2,121 Polish citizens in Tajikistan, according to Soviet data. After the war, over 4,500 Poles were repatriated from the Tajik SSR to Poland in 1946–1948.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Poland recognized Tajikistan shortly after the Tajik declaration of independence, and bilateral relations were established in 1992. Several bilateral agreements were signed since, including a double tax avoidance treaty and a cultural and scientific cooperation agreement in Warsaw in 2003, and a economic cooperation agreement in Dushanbe in 2009.",
"title": "History"
}
] | Poland–Tajikistan relations are bilateral relations between Poland and Tajikistan. Both nations are full members of the OSCE, World Trade Organization and United Nations. | 2023-12-11T10:09:31Z | 2023-12-12T10:05:32Z | [
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"Template:Infobox bilateral relations",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite magazine"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Tajikistan_relations |
75,536,842 | Ixora brachypoda | Ixora brachypoda is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Rubiaceae. It has fragrant flowers and glabrous leaves and stems.
The species grows up to 6 m in height. The bark is brown with longitudinal scaly fissures and the slash has a yellow to whitish color. Leaves, sessile or subsessile with stipules and petioles present; stipules reaches up to 3 mm wide and 2 mm long while petiole reaches 2 mm long. Leaflets are elliptic to ovate in outline, up to 27 cm long and 14 cm wide with an acuminate apex and cuneate base. The inflorescence is corymbose and many flowered, sometimes with more than 200 flowers, corolla is tubular, white, sometimes tinged with pink. The fruit is globular in shape, up to 9 mm wide and 8 mm long, reddish black when ripe.
Occurs in West and Central Africa, from Guinea Bissau to the Democratic Republic of Congo. Found in gallery forests and along streams.
In ethnomedicine, bark extracts of Ixora brachypoda are used in pain management, while root extracts are used as an antihelminthic and also to aid the healing process. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ixora brachypoda is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Rubiaceae. It has fragrant flowers and glabrous leaves and stems.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The species grows up to 6 m in height. The bark is brown with longitudinal scaly fissures and the slash has a yellow to whitish color. Leaves, sessile or subsessile with stipules and petioles present; stipules reaches up to 3 mm wide and 2 mm long while petiole reaches 2 mm long. Leaflets are elliptic to ovate in outline, up to 27 cm long and 14 cm wide with an acuminate apex and cuneate base. The inflorescence is corymbose and many flowered, sometimes with more than 200 flowers, corolla is tubular, white, sometimes tinged with pink. The fruit is globular in shape, up to 9 mm wide and 8 mm long, reddish black when ripe.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Occurs in West and Central Africa, from Guinea Bissau to the Democratic Republic of Congo. Found in gallery forests and along streams.",
"title": "Distribution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In ethnomedicine, bark extracts of Ixora brachypoda are used in pain management, while root extracts are used as an antihelminthic and also to aid the healing process.",
"title": "Uses"
}
] | Ixora brachypoda is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Rubiaceae. It has fragrant flowers and glabrous leaves and stems. | 2023-12-11T10:13:38Z | 2023-12-16T00:36:28Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Taxonbar",
"Template:Speciesbox"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixora_brachypoda |
75,536,850 | Pavel Kripakov | Pavel Nikolaevich Kripakov (Russian: Павел Николаевич Крипаков; February 10, 1908 - October 7, 1985) was a Russian-born American singer who was a member of the Don Cossack Choir.
Born in Tatishchevskaya, station of the Orenburg Cossack Host, during a period of revolutionary upheaval, Kripakov's early life was marked by his father's efforts to protect the family from the threat faced by tsarist officers. Placed in the Don Cadet Corps in Novocherkassk, Kripakov discovered his talent for singing under the guidance of choir director N.M. Verushkin.
The choir's reputation reached international acclaim, leading to a trip to Jerusalem organized by Father Dimitry Troitsky. However, the Corps faced relocation, eventually disbanding in Varna, marking the end of its existence. Kripakov's father found him and secured a place for him in the Don Cadet Corps named after Alexander III in Gorazde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Graduating in 1929, Kripakov pursued higher education in Belgrade, Serbia. While studying, he also received singing lessons and joined the Platovsky Cossack Choir, embarking on a global tour that lasted two years. During his travels, Kripakov's father passed away. Returning to Belgrade, he worked in a restaurant, later joining the Zharovsky Choir before being drafted into the Yugoslav military.
After completing his service, Kripakov received an invitation to join the Zharovsky Choir on a tour in America. In 1941, he married Lydia Nikolaevna, who had moved to the United States from Russia in her youth. The couple settled in Connecticut, where Kripakov took up employment at the Sikorsky Aircraft Plant in 1950.
Parallel to his work at Sikorsky, Kripakov performed in Russian restaurants, performing folk and gypsy music. In 1956, he released his first solo record, "Russian Gypsy Songs," followed by "Russian Songs" in 1959.
In 1971, Kripakov's wife, Lydia, secured a position in the Slavic department of the Yale Library, leading to Kripakov's retirement. His later years were marked by health issues, including angina pectoris and Alzheimer's disease. He passed away on October 7, 1985. Lydia Nikolaevna cared for him until her death on January 21, 2010, while their son Nikolai resides in Colorado. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Pavel Nikolaevich Kripakov (Russian: Павел Николаевич Крипаков; February 10, 1908 - October 7, 1985) was a Russian-born American singer who was a member of the Don Cossack Choir.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Tatishchevskaya, station of the Orenburg Cossack Host, during a period of revolutionary upheaval, Kripakov's early life was marked by his father's efforts to protect the family from the threat faced by tsarist officers. Placed in the Don Cadet Corps in Novocherkassk, Kripakov discovered his talent for singing under the guidance of choir director N.M. Verushkin.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The choir's reputation reached international acclaim, leading to a trip to Jerusalem organized by Father Dimitry Troitsky. However, the Corps faced relocation, eventually disbanding in Varna, marking the end of its existence. Kripakov's father found him and secured a place for him in the Don Cadet Corps named after Alexander III in Gorazde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Graduating in 1929, Kripakov pursued higher education in Belgrade, Serbia. While studying, he also received singing lessons and joined the Platovsky Cossack Choir, embarking on a global tour that lasted two years. During his travels, Kripakov's father passed away. Returning to Belgrade, he worked in a restaurant, later joining the Zharovsky Choir before being drafted into the Yugoslav military.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "After completing his service, Kripakov received an invitation to join the Zharovsky Choir on a tour in America. In 1941, he married Lydia Nikolaevna, who had moved to the United States from Russia in her youth. The couple settled in Connecticut, where Kripakov took up employment at the Sikorsky Aircraft Plant in 1950.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Parallel to his work at Sikorsky, Kripakov performed in Russian restaurants, performing folk and gypsy music. In 1956, he released his first solo record, \"Russian Gypsy Songs,\" followed by \"Russian Songs\" in 1959.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 1971, Kripakov's wife, Lydia, secured a position in the Slavic department of the Yale Library, leading to Kripakov's retirement. His later years were marked by health issues, including angina pectoris and Alzheimer's disease. He passed away on October 7, 1985. Lydia Nikolaevna cared for him until her death on January 21, 2010, while their son Nikolai resides in Colorado.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Pavel Nikolaevich Kripakov was a Russian-born American singer who was a member of the Don Cossack Choir. | 2023-12-11T10:17:24Z | 2023-12-16T16:56:20Z | [
"Template:Lang-rus",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Kripakov |
75,536,858 | Poland–Turkmenistan relations | Poland–Turkmenistan relations are bilateral relations between Poland and Turkmenistan. Both nations are full members of the OSCE and United Nations. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Poland–Turkmenistan relations are bilateral relations between Poland and Turkmenistan. Both nations are full members of the OSCE and United Nations.",
"title": ""
}
] | Poland–Turkmenistan relations are bilateral relations between Poland and Turkmenistan. Both nations are full members of the OSCE and United Nations. | 2023-12-11T10:19:49Z | 2023-12-11T10:25:49Z | [
"Template:Foreign relations of Poland",
"Template:Foreign relations of Turkmenistan",
"Template:Portal bar",
"Template:Infobox bilateral relations"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Turkmenistan_relations |
75,536,863 | Randburg Library | The Randburg Library is one of the regional libraries in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa. The Library serves the township of Cosmo City and the surrounding suburbs; it's the only library to be allocated within the traffic department.
The library's origins can be traced back to the 1950s during a time of rapid growth and development in Randburg. In response to the community's increasing demand for access to information and resources, a small lending library was established in 1957 within the existing municipal buildings. This modest space, staffed by volunteer librarians was eventually expanded to a larger and more equipped library in 1971. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Randburg Library is one of the regional libraries in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa. The Library serves the township of Cosmo City and the surrounding suburbs; it's the only library to be allocated within the traffic department.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The library's origins can be traced back to the 1950s during a time of rapid growth and development in Randburg. In response to the community's increasing demand for access to information and resources, a small lending library was established in 1957 within the existing municipal buildings. This modest space, staffed by volunteer librarians was eventually expanded to a larger and more equipped library in 1971.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | The Randburg Library is one of the regional libraries in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa. The Library serves the township of Cosmo City and the surrounding suburbs; it's the only library to be allocated within the traffic department. | 2023-12-11T10:21:11Z | 2023-12-15T13:45:03Z | [
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:SouthAfrica-stub",
"Template:Cn",
"Template:Clarify me",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randburg_Library |
75,536,867 | Gender roles and fluidity in indigenous Nigerian cultures | The colonization of the West African region that lies across the Niger took place between the mid 19th century to 1960 when Nigeria became recognized as an independent nation. This systemic invasion introduced new social, economic, and political structures that significantly altered Indigenous notions of gender fluidity and gender roles. The imposition of Western ideologies and patriarchal systems impacted the pre-existing gender dynamics, leading to shifts in power relations, societal expectations, and individual identities and expressions, becoming a complex interplay between colonial influence and Indigenous cultural practices. European colonial powers introduced legal frameworks that often reinforced patriarchal structures and diminished the recognition of Indigenous practices that embraced gender diversity. The imposition of Western legal systems had lasting consequences, influencing inheritance laws, property rights, and marital practices. This not only marginalized women within the legal framework but also eroded the traditional roles of certain societies where women held significant economic and political power. The juxtaposition of colonial legal norms with Indigenous customs created tension and reshaped the social fabric, contributing to the evolving landscape of gender roles and fluidity in Nigerian cultures. This impact of colonial legal systems and educational structures interacted with the diverse cultural landscapes of Nigeria, affecting communities in distinct ways. The consequences of colonial impositions on legal frameworks and educational curricula were filtered through the lenses of diverse cultural contexts, shaping unique challenges and opportunities for different ethnic groups.
The Igbo society comprises of Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo States with a distinctive Indigenous central language that is spoken across the five states that makes up the Igbo society, this language extends to Anioma region of Delta State and some region of Rivers State In Southern Nigeria.
In Igbo, the pronoun 'o' indicates both male and female. Most Igbo names are gender-neutral, though traditional names may denote gender. Further, some nouns and pronouns denote gender, including "nwoke" (man) and "nwanyi" (woman).
Following the Igbo culture of male dominance, a female daughter can not inherit landed properties; a man who does not have male offspring will confer on his first daughter the role of a male child through a cultural rite and covenant referred to as "Igba Ndu". The female daughter, now considered a male daughter, assumes the role of a male in the family. Upon this conferment, the male daughter is not allowed to marry to prevent her from leaving the family compound.
Female husbands on the other hand, were women who assumed roles typically associated with men, including the responsibilities of a husband within a marriage. This practice was often linked to issues of infertility, as a woman might take on the role of a husband to ensure the continuity of her family line. In such cases, a female husband could marry other women and engage in socially sanctioned reproductive practices, such as bearing children through a female wife on behalf of her infertile spouse. This practice, known as Nwanyi Bu showcased the pragmatic adaptation of gender roles to address specific societal needs.
In both instances, these gender categories challenged Western preconceptions and demonstrated the flexibility of gender roles in Igbo society. The recognition of male daughters and the acceptance of female husbands reflected the nuanced understanding of gender and identity within the cultural and spiritual context of pre-colonial Igbo communities. It's important to note that these practices were deeply embedded in the Igbo worldview and were not merely acts of defiance against established gender norms but rather culturally grounded expressions of identity and societal functionality.
Ada mmuonwu (‘daughter’, or ‘maiden spirit of the dead’; also called as ‘Agboho Mmanwu’ or ‘Adamma’ in some parts of Igbo society) is a female spirit that possesses a man during funeral ceremonies, upon possession, this masked male mortal spiritually acquires femineity, becoming fluid in expression till when the dead is laid and the ceremony ends.
Yoruba culture is the embodiment of the cultural practices and identity of the Yoruba people, an ethnic group predominantly found in Nigeria and other West African regions. Known for its richness and diversity, Yoruba culture encompasses various facets such as language, religion, art, music, dance, and social customs.
Before the arrival of Europeans in the seventeenth century, Yorùbá society held unique perspectives on gender definitions and relations. Unlike the Western binary construct of male/men and female/women, such distinctions did not exist in Yorùbá societies. Oyèrónkẹ́ Oyěwùmí, in "The Invention of Women: Making African Sense of Western Gender Discourse," delves into pre-colonial Yorùbá practices and explores the erasure's modern implications.
In Yorùbá culture, differences between males and females were rooted in social practices rather than biological facts, as emphasized by Oyèrónkẹ́ Oyěwùmí. The prefixes "obìn" and "okùn" were used to specify anatomical varieties, yet the Yorùbá lacked a term for gender or any related concept prior to colonial influence. This absence of linguistic references may reflect that the concept of gender as a fundamental social category was introduced to Yorùbá society from the West.
One important cultural inclination that became silent as the result colonial invasion is the practice of homosexuality among the Yoruba people. This practice is addressed with a euphemistic word: "adodi/adofuro" used to refer to people who engage in anal penetration
Another important unspoken history of the Yoruba people is the folklore about a gender fluid or perhaps a transgender king Known as Orompoto, she was the sister of King Egungunoju who died without a mature male child to be enthroned king to prevent the crown moving away from her kindred, Orompoto magically changed to a man and became king. Alaafin Orompotoniyun of Oyo Empire in Nigeria!
Occupying the Northern region of present day Nigeria. the Hausa Kingdom consisted of seven Hausa States, each state with distinctive cultural inclination on gender roles and fluidity prior to the Jihadist Movement which brought about the Islamization of the major Hausa states between the 11th and 12th century. The predominant religious practices of the Hausa-Fulani people prior to this invasion was Maguzawa an religious integral practice of Aninism consisting of spirit possession and exorcism was done by both male and female Animist believers. Unlike the Islamic religion, women were allowed to make certain decisions that are contrary to present day Islamic practices. For instance, within Bori sub ethnic group in Kano, women could divorce their husbands without any religious impediments to it. These women often referred to with a derogatory Hausa slur Karuwanci will chose to live in gidan mata under the leadership of magajiya. They were known for their peculiar livelihood made from dance and prostitution. Within gidan mata - women quarters there were some organized systemic governing structures that guided the conduct of the women and protected them against potential abuses by their male patronizers. Women's role and their interactions with the society began to take a certain construct following the Jihadist movement, this movement which introduced Yan Taru have perhaps shapened the roles and societal interactions of many Hausa women today
Another dynamic cultural inclination which may have been silent by colonialist ideologies is on gender identities and sexualities which is today having argument of non-existence in pre-colonial Nigerian societies. Within the last ten/eleven years, there has been a growing argument on the rights of LGBTQ persons. This unproven claims of the existence of same sex and gender nonconforming practices in coalition with extreme religious fanaticism will become the background upon which the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act 2013 a discriminatory law that criminalises LGBTQ persons in Nigeria will be built upon. However, a close examination of certain cultural beliefs practices within the pre-colonial Hausa-Fulani society provides factual evidences of long existing fluidity and same gender practices. One of such evidence is the existence of yan daudu within Hausa Fulani sub ethnic society. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The colonization of the West African region that lies across the Niger took place between the mid 19th century to 1960 when Nigeria became recognized as an independent nation. This systemic invasion introduced new social, economic, and political structures that significantly altered Indigenous notions of gender fluidity and gender roles. The imposition of Western ideologies and patriarchal systems impacted the pre-existing gender dynamics, leading to shifts in power relations, societal expectations, and individual identities and expressions, becoming a complex interplay between colonial influence and Indigenous cultural practices. European colonial powers introduced legal frameworks that often reinforced patriarchal structures and diminished the recognition of Indigenous practices that embraced gender diversity. The imposition of Western legal systems had lasting consequences, influencing inheritance laws, property rights, and marital practices. This not only marginalized women within the legal framework but also eroded the traditional roles of certain societies where women held significant economic and political power. The juxtaposition of colonial legal norms with Indigenous customs created tension and reshaped the social fabric, contributing to the evolving landscape of gender roles and fluidity in Nigerian cultures. This impact of colonial legal systems and educational structures interacted with the diverse cultural landscapes of Nigeria, affecting communities in distinct ways. The consequences of colonial impositions on legal frameworks and educational curricula were filtered through the lenses of diverse cultural contexts, shaping unique challenges and opportunities for different ethnic groups.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Igbo society comprises of Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo States with a distinctive Indigenous central language that is spoken across the five states that makes up the Igbo society, this language extends to Anioma region of Delta State and some region of Rivers State In Southern Nigeria.",
"title": "Gender roles and nonconformity in pre-colonial Igbo society"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In Igbo, the pronoun 'o' indicates both male and female. Most Igbo names are gender-neutral, though traditional names may denote gender. Further, some nouns and pronouns denote gender, including \"nwoke\" (man) and \"nwanyi\" (woman).",
"title": "Gender roles and nonconformity in pre-colonial Igbo society"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Following the Igbo culture of male dominance, a female daughter can not inherit landed properties; a man who does not have male offspring will confer on his first daughter the role of a male child through a cultural rite and covenant referred to as \"Igba Ndu\". The female daughter, now considered a male daughter, assumes the role of a male in the family. Upon this conferment, the male daughter is not allowed to marry to prevent her from leaving the family compound.",
"title": "Gender roles and nonconformity in pre-colonial Igbo society"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Female husbands on the other hand, were women who assumed roles typically associated with men, including the responsibilities of a husband within a marriage. This practice was often linked to issues of infertility, as a woman might take on the role of a husband to ensure the continuity of her family line. In such cases, a female husband could marry other women and engage in socially sanctioned reproductive practices, such as bearing children through a female wife on behalf of her infertile spouse. This practice, known as Nwanyi Bu showcased the pragmatic adaptation of gender roles to address specific societal needs.",
"title": "Gender roles and nonconformity in pre-colonial Igbo society"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In both instances, these gender categories challenged Western preconceptions and demonstrated the flexibility of gender roles in Igbo society. The recognition of male daughters and the acceptance of female husbands reflected the nuanced understanding of gender and identity within the cultural and spiritual context of pre-colonial Igbo communities. It's important to note that these practices were deeply embedded in the Igbo worldview and were not merely acts of defiance against established gender norms but rather culturally grounded expressions of identity and societal functionality.",
"title": "Gender roles and nonconformity in pre-colonial Igbo society"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Ada mmuonwu (‘daughter’, or ‘maiden spirit of the dead’; also called as ‘Agboho Mmanwu’ or ‘Adamma’ in some parts of Igbo society) is a female spirit that possesses a man during funeral ceremonies, upon possession, this masked male mortal spiritually acquires femineity, becoming fluid in expression till when the dead is laid and the ceremony ends.",
"title": "Gender roles and nonconformity in pre-colonial Igbo society"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Yoruba culture is the embodiment of the cultural practices and identity of the Yoruba people, an ethnic group predominantly found in Nigeria and other West African regions. Known for its richness and diversity, Yoruba culture encompasses various facets such as language, religion, art, music, dance, and social customs.",
"title": "Sexuality, gender roles, and fluidity in pre-colonial Yoruba"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Before the arrival of Europeans in the seventeenth century, Yorùbá society held unique perspectives on gender definitions and relations. Unlike the Western binary construct of male/men and female/women, such distinctions did not exist in Yorùbá societies. Oyèrónkẹ́ Oyěwùmí, in \"The Invention of Women: Making African Sense of Western Gender Discourse,\" delves into pre-colonial Yorùbá practices and explores the erasure's modern implications.",
"title": "Sexuality, gender roles, and fluidity in pre-colonial Yoruba"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In Yorùbá culture, differences between males and females were rooted in social practices rather than biological facts, as emphasized by Oyèrónkẹ́ Oyěwùmí. The prefixes \"obìn\" and \"okùn\" were used to specify anatomical varieties, yet the Yorùbá lacked a term for gender or any related concept prior to colonial influence. This absence of linguistic references may reflect that the concept of gender as a fundamental social category was introduced to Yorùbá society from the West.",
"title": "Sexuality, gender roles, and fluidity in pre-colonial Yoruba"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "One important cultural inclination that became silent as the result colonial invasion is the practice of homosexuality among the Yoruba people. This practice is addressed with a euphemistic word: \"adodi/adofuro\" used to refer to people who engage in anal penetration",
"title": "Sexuality, gender roles, and fluidity in pre-colonial Yoruba"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Another important unspoken history of the Yoruba people is the folklore about a gender fluid or perhaps a transgender king Known as Orompoto, she was the sister of King Egungunoju who died without a mature male child to be enthroned king to prevent the crown moving away from her kindred, Orompoto magically changed to a man and became king. Alaafin Orompotoniyun of Oyo Empire in Nigeria!",
"title": "Sexuality, gender roles, and fluidity in pre-colonial Yoruba"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Occupying the Northern region of present day Nigeria. the Hausa Kingdom consisted of seven Hausa States, each state with distinctive cultural inclination on gender roles and fluidity prior to the Jihadist Movement which brought about the Islamization of the major Hausa states between the 11th and 12th century. The predominant religious practices of the Hausa-Fulani people prior to this invasion was Maguzawa an religious integral practice of Aninism consisting of spirit possession and exorcism was done by both male and female Animist believers. Unlike the Islamic religion, women were allowed to make certain decisions that are contrary to present day Islamic practices. For instance, within Bori sub ethnic group in Kano, women could divorce their husbands without any religious impediments to it. These women often referred to with a derogatory Hausa slur Karuwanci will chose to live in gidan mata under the leadership of magajiya. They were known for their peculiar livelihood made from dance and prostitution. Within gidan mata - women quarters there were some organized systemic governing structures that guided the conduct of the women and protected them against potential abuses by their male patronizers. Women's role and their interactions with the society began to take a certain construct following the Jihadist movement, this movement which introduced Yan Taru have perhaps shapened the roles and societal interactions of many Hausa women today",
"title": "Roles, identity, and sexualities in pre-colonial Hausa Fulani"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Another dynamic cultural inclination which may have been silent by colonialist ideologies is on gender identities and sexualities which is today having argument of non-existence in pre-colonial Nigerian societies. Within the last ten/eleven years, there has been a growing argument on the rights of LGBTQ persons. This unproven claims of the existence of same sex and gender nonconforming practices in coalition with extreme religious fanaticism will become the background upon which the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act 2013 a discriminatory law that criminalises LGBTQ persons in Nigeria will be built upon. However, a close examination of certain cultural beliefs practices within the pre-colonial Hausa-Fulani society provides factual evidences of long existing fluidity and same gender practices. One of such evidence is the existence of yan daudu within Hausa Fulani sub ethnic society.",
"title": "Roles, identity, and sexualities in pre-colonial Hausa Fulani"
}
] | The colonization of the West African region that lies across the Niger took place between the mid 19th century to 1960 when Nigeria became recognized as an independent nation. This systemic invasion introduced new social, economic, and political structures that significantly altered Indigenous notions of gender fluidity and gender roles. The imposition of Western ideologies and patriarchal systems impacted the pre-existing gender dynamics, leading to shifts in power relations, societal expectations, and individual identities and expressions, becoming a complex interplay between colonial influence and Indigenous cultural practices. European colonial powers introduced legal frameworks that often reinforced patriarchal structures and diminished the recognition of Indigenous practices that embraced gender diversity. The imposition of Western legal systems had lasting consequences, influencing inheritance laws, property rights, and marital practices. This not only marginalized women within the legal framework but also eroded the traditional roles of certain societies where women held significant economic and political power. The juxtaposition of colonial legal norms with Indigenous customs created tension and reshaped the social fabric, contributing to the evolving landscape of gender roles and fluidity in Nigerian cultures. This impact of colonial legal systems and educational structures interacted with the diverse cultural landscapes of Nigeria, affecting communities in distinct ways. The consequences of colonial impositions on legal frameworks and educational curricula were filtered through the lenses of diverse cultural contexts, shaping unique challenges and opportunities for different ethnic groups. | 2023-12-11T10:22:40Z | 2023-12-24T04:25:03Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_roles_and_fluidity_in_indigenous_Nigerian_cultures |
75,536,876 | Luge at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics | Luge at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics will take place from 20 to 21 January 2024 at the Alpensia Sliding Centre, Daegwallyeong-myeon, South Korea.
All times are in KST (UTC+9)
* Host nation (South Korea)
The top 19 NOCs in singles events and the top 14 NOCs in doubles events in the 2023–24 Youth A World Cup standings after Round 4 will earn a quota spot with the host country automatically one quota per event.
This is the provisional quota list based on the Youth A World Cup standings. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Luge at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics will take place from 20 to 21 January 2024 at the Alpensia Sliding Centre, Daegwallyeong-myeon, South Korea.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "All times are in KST (UTC+9)",
"title": "Schedule"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "* Host nation (South Korea)",
"title": "Medal summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The top 19 NOCs in singles events and the top 14 NOCs in doubles events in the 2023–24 Youth A World Cup standings after Round 4 will earn a quota spot with the host country automatically one quota per event.",
"title": "Qualification"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "This is the provisional quota list based on the Youth A World Cup standings.",
"title": "Qualification"
}
] | Luge at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics will take place from 20 to 21 January 2024 at the Alpensia Sliding Centre, Daegwallyeong-myeon, South Korea. | 2023-12-11T10:24:12Z | 2023-12-12T08:58:46Z | [
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75,536,896 | Poland–Uzbekistan relations | Poland–Uzbekistan relations are bilateral relations between Poland and Uzbekistan. The countries enjoy good relations, based on growing trade, and political and educational cooperation. Both nations are full members of the OSCE and United Nations. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Poland–Uzbekistan relations are bilateral relations between Poland and Uzbekistan. The countries enjoy good relations, based on growing trade, and political and educational cooperation. Both nations are full members of the OSCE and United Nations.",
"title": ""
}
] | Poland–Uzbekistan relations are bilateral relations between Poland and Uzbekistan. The countries enjoy good relations, based on growing trade, and political and educational cooperation. Both nations are full members of the OSCE and United Nations. | 2023-12-11T10:29:27Z | 2023-12-11T11:01:39Z | [
"Template:Infobox bilateral relations"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations |
75,536,899 | Georgi Dimitrov (footballer, born 1966) | Georgi Dimitrov (Bulgarian: Георги Димитров; born 10 September 1966) is a Bulgarian former footballer who last played as a striker for Lokomotiv (Plovdiv).
Dimitrov is a native of Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
In 1990, Dimitrov signed for Spanish La Liga side Mallorca, where he was described as "must be considered without a doubt the worst center forward that Mallorca has had in its entire history".
Dimitrov mainly operated as a striker and was described as "delighted the Lauta audience with his football intelligence and speed technique".
Dimitrov has been nicknamed "Cowboy". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Georgi Dimitrov (Bulgarian: Георги Димитров; born 10 September 1966) is a Bulgarian former footballer who last played as a striker for Lokomotiv (Plovdiv).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Dimitrov is a native of Plovdiv, Bulgaria.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1990, Dimitrov signed for Spanish La Liga side Mallorca, where he was described as \"must be considered without a doubt the worst center forward that Mallorca has had in its entire history\".",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Dimitrov mainly operated as a striker and was described as \"delighted the Lauta audience with his football intelligence and speed technique\".",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Dimitrov has been nicknamed \"Cowboy\".",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Georgi Dimitrov is a Bulgarian former footballer who last played as a striker for Lokomotiv (Plovdiv). | 2023-12-11T10:31:18Z | 2023-12-12T11:09:56Z | [
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75,536,934 | Uravu Solla Oruvan | Uravu Solla Oruvan (transl. Someone to Relate to) is a 1975 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Devaraj–Mohan and written by Panchu Arunachalam. It is a remake of a Marathi film written by Sharad Pilgaonkar. The film stars Muthuraman, Cho, Sujatha and Padmapriya. It was released on 18 July 1975, and became a success. Sujatha won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil.
Uravu Solla Oruvan is the first film produced by Filmalaya Combines, established by Panchu Arunachalam and his friend Filmalaya Ramachandran. It is a remake of a Marathi film, written by Sharad Pilgaonkar. Production duties were handled by Ramachandran, cinematography by R. N. K. Prasad and editing by B. Kandhasami.
The music was composed by Vijaya Bhaskar, with lyrics by Panchu Arunachalam.
Uravu Solla Oruvan was released on 18 July 1975. Kanthan of Kalki appreciated the film for the cast performances, Cho's comedy, the cinematography and direction. Kumudam lauded the story, Sujatha's performance, the direction and cinematography. The film was a success, and it's 50th day celebration was held at Shanmuga Theatre, Coimbatore. Sujatha won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Uravu Solla Oruvan (transl. Someone to Relate to) is a 1975 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Devaraj–Mohan and written by Panchu Arunachalam. It is a remake of a Marathi film written by Sharad Pilgaonkar. The film stars Muthuraman, Cho, Sujatha and Padmapriya. It was released on 18 July 1975, and became a success. Sujatha won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Uravu Solla Oruvan is the first film produced by Filmalaya Combines, established by Panchu Arunachalam and his friend Filmalaya Ramachandran. It is a remake of a Marathi film, written by Sharad Pilgaonkar. Production duties were handled by Ramachandran, cinematography by R. N. K. Prasad and editing by B. Kandhasami.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The music was composed by Vijaya Bhaskar, with lyrics by Panchu Arunachalam.",
"title": "Soundtrack"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Uravu Solla Oruvan was released on 18 July 1975. Kanthan of Kalki appreciated the film for the cast performances, Cho's comedy, the cinematography and direction. Kumudam lauded the story, Sujatha's performance, the direction and cinematography. The film was a success, and it's 50th day celebration was held at Shanmuga Theatre, Coimbatore. Sujatha won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil.",
"title": "Release and reception"
}
] | Uravu Solla Oruvan is a 1975 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Devaraj–Mohan and written by Panchu Arunachalam. It is a remake of a Marathi film written by Sharad Pilgaonkar. The film stars Muthuraman, Cho, Sujatha and Padmapriya. It was released on 18 July 1975, and became a success. Sujatha won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil. | 2023-12-11T10:39:40Z | 2023-12-29T11:57:51Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uravu_Solla_Oruvan |
75,536,939 | Peter Hagoort | Peter Hagoort (born January 19, 1954) is a Dutch neuroscientist who studies the neurobiology of language.
Hagoort was born in Oudewater and studied psychology and biology at Utrecht University and experimental psychology at Radboud University Nijmegen, where he received his doctorate in 1990 under the supervision of Willem Levelt. He then worked as a project manager at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen. He has been a professor at the Institute for Cognition and Informatics of the Radboud University Nijmegen since 1999. He is a founding director of the Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging in Nijmegen and also a director at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen since 2006.
His group uses imaging techniques such as PET, MEG and functional MRI to study language processing in the brain. For example, he examined how patients with language disorders (such as patients with aphasia, dyslexia, autism) compensate for them in other ways. He studied the processes involved in speaking and found that subjects know the grammatical form of a word around 40 milliseconds earlier than the first syllable and that another 120 milliseconds pass before the complete pronunciation is ready. His research is also concerned with the interaction of linguistic functions with others (such as gestures) and has also examined other cognitive abilities and the social implications of cognitive neuroscience.
In 2005, Hagoort received the Spinoza Prize and in 2008 the Heymans Prize. He was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences (KNAW) in 2004. In 2003 he received the KNAW Hendrik Muller Prize and became a KNAW Academy Professor in 2012. In 2004, Hagoort became a Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion. He holds an honorary doctorate from the University of Glasgow and is a member of the Academia Europaea since 2012. In 2018, Hagoort was elected an international member of the National Academy of Sciences. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Peter Hagoort (born January 19, 1954) is a Dutch neuroscientist who studies the neurobiology of language.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Hagoort was born in Oudewater and studied psychology and biology at Utrecht University and experimental psychology at Radboud University Nijmegen, where he received his doctorate in 1990 under the supervision of Willem Levelt. He then worked as a project manager at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen. He has been a professor at the Institute for Cognition and Informatics of the Radboud University Nijmegen since 1999. He is a founding director of the Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging in Nijmegen and also a director at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen since 2006.",
"title": "Education and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "His group uses imaging techniques such as PET, MEG and functional MRI to study language processing in the brain. For example, he examined how patients with language disorders (such as patients with aphasia, dyslexia, autism) compensate for them in other ways. He studied the processes involved in speaking and found that subjects know the grammatical form of a word around 40 milliseconds earlier than the first syllable and that another 120 milliseconds pass before the complete pronunciation is ready. His research is also concerned with the interaction of linguistic functions with others (such as gestures) and has also examined other cognitive abilities and the social implications of cognitive neuroscience.",
"title": "Education and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2005, Hagoort received the Spinoza Prize and in 2008 the Heymans Prize. He was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences (KNAW) in 2004. In 2003 he received the KNAW Hendrik Muller Prize and became a KNAW Academy Professor in 2012. In 2004, Hagoort became a Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion. He holds an honorary doctorate from the University of Glasgow and is a member of the Academia Europaea since 2012. In 2018, Hagoort was elected an international member of the National Academy of Sciences.",
"title": "Honors and awards"
}
] | Peter Hagoort is a Dutch neuroscientist who studies the neurobiology of language. | 2023-12-11T10:40:49Z | 2023-12-25T00:41:24Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Hagoort |
75,536,958 | Scott Froschauer | Scott Froschauer is an American artist, sculptor, and key grip. He is primarily known for his public art installations, especially those that modify traditional traffic signs to spread optimism. Highly regarded for his large-scale art installations at Burning Man, Froschauer's work was featured at the Smithsonian American Art Museum as part of the 2018 No Spectators exhibition.
Scott Froschauer was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois. He graduated from Syracuse University with a degree in theoretical linguistics, before relocating to Los Angeles in 1994.
Froschauer initially established himself as a grip in the film industry, working on films including The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) and television series such as Bobby Kennedy for President (2018).
Froschauer has become known for creating fake street signs that echo messages of peace and happiness, which are welcomed by cities and communities to be viewed by the public. His public art installations have been installed to be viewed for free in Los Angeles, West Hollywood, Glendale, Laguna Beach, Palm Springs, Houston, and DeLand, Florida. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Scott Froschauer is an American artist, sculptor, and key grip. He is primarily known for his public art installations, especially those that modify traditional traffic signs to spread optimism. Highly regarded for his large-scale art installations at Burning Man, Froschauer's work was featured at the Smithsonian American Art Museum as part of the 2018 No Spectators exhibition.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Scott Froschauer was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois. He graduated from Syracuse University with a degree in theoretical linguistics, before relocating to Los Angeles in 1994.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Froschauer initially established himself as a grip in the film industry, working on films including The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) and television series such as Bobby Kennedy for President (2018).",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Froschauer has become known for creating fake street signs that echo messages of peace and happiness, which are welcomed by cities and communities to be viewed by the public. His public art installations have been installed to be viewed for free in Los Angeles, West Hollywood, Glendale, Laguna Beach, Palm Springs, Houston, and DeLand, Florida.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Scott Froschauer is an American artist, sculptor, and key grip. He is primarily known for his public art installations, especially those that modify traditional traffic signs to spread optimism. Highly regarded for his large-scale art installations at Burning Man, Froschauer's work was featured at the Smithsonian American Art Museum as part of the 2018 No Spectators exhibition. | 2023-12-11T10:44:21Z | 2023-12-14T06:49:50Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Froschauer |
75,536,962 | Chung Soon-yeong | Chung Soon-yeong is a mathematics professor in the Department of Mathematics and Convergence Biomedical Engineering at Sogang University. He was the fifth president of the National Institute for Mathematical Sciences and a vice president of the Korean Mathematical Society.
Chung went to Yushin High School, a private high school in Suwon, entering in 1974. He focused on natural science. Entering Seoul National University in 1978, he majored in mathematics with an emphasis on partial differential equations for his PhD.
After graduation, he was an assistant professor at Duksung Women's University followed by an associate professor and then full professor at Sogang University. From 2000, he held other positions at Sogang, including head of the Department of Mathematics, director of the Research Institute for Basic Science, dean of academic affairs, director of the Teaching and Learning Center, dean of the College of Natural Science.
His service to the Korean Mathematical Society included director of the 42nd Math Olympiad, organizer, editing executive director, and vice president. For a two-year term starting in 2007, he headed the Mathematical Sciences Division at the National Research Foundation of Korea.
He became the fifth president of the National Institute for Mathematical Sciences from January 30, 2018, to January 29, 2021. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Chung Soon-yeong is a mathematics professor in the Department of Mathematics and Convergence Biomedical Engineering at Sogang University. He was the fifth president of the National Institute for Mathematical Sciences and a vice president of the Korean Mathematical Society.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Chung went to Yushin High School, a private high school in Suwon, entering in 1974. He focused on natural science. Entering Seoul National University in 1978, he majored in mathematics with an emphasis on partial differential equations for his PhD.",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After graduation, he was an assistant professor at Duksung Women's University followed by an associate professor and then full professor at Sogang University. From 2000, he held other positions at Sogang, including head of the Department of Mathematics, director of the Research Institute for Basic Science, dean of academic affairs, director of the Teaching and Learning Center, dean of the College of Natural Science.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "His service to the Korean Mathematical Society included director of the 42nd Math Olympiad, organizer, editing executive director, and vice president. For a two-year term starting in 2007, he headed the Mathematical Sciences Division at the National Research Foundation of Korea.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "He became the fifth president of the National Institute for Mathematical Sciences from January 30, 2018, to January 29, 2021.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Chung Soon-yeong is a mathematics professor in the Department of Mathematics and Convergence Biomedical Engineering at Sogang University. He was the fifth president of the National Institute for Mathematical Sciences and a vice president of the Korean Mathematical Society. | 2023-12-11T10:45:11Z | 2023-12-14T00:06:54Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chung_Soon-yeong |
75,536,964 | Robert Franz Curry | Robert Franz Curry (* November 2, 1872, in Boston; † August 23, 1955 in Riederau) was a US-American landscape painter of Impressionism.
Curry initially studied at Harvard University in Cambridge before switching to the study of architecture at the Technical University in Stuttgart in 1891. After abandoning his studies, he studied painting from 1893 at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, including with Heinrich Knirr and Carl von Marr. His teachers were important members and founders of the Munich Secession, which saw itself in opposition to the school of Franz von Lenbach.
On many trips to Switzerland, Italy (specifically the Amalfi Coast), and the Bavarian mountains, Curry collected his motifs.
Curry was the son of a wealthy American wool merchant and later owner of a steel construction company and a foundry, making him financially independent throughout his life. His mother, a pianist, had studied in Leipzig. His brother was the doctor and sailor Manfred Curry. Curry was married to Elisabeth von Wahl, the daughter of a Russian-Baltic sculptor. Their son Frederick (Eric) (1903–1971) also became a painter.
Curry made a name for himself as a landscape painter. Elfriede Ruhrberg described his painting style in 2004 in a publication by the Oberstdorf Beautification Association as follows:
"In the composition of his paintings, Curry preferred the principle of the diagonal, i.e., the focal point runs from the top right to the bottom left, captured by a counterpoint group in the left half, with the limiting background of the mountains. The images are placed in a tension arc through the bright, nuanced, structured colors of snow and mountains or the contrasting brown-ocher tones of trees and bushes in spring landscapes. Curry succeeds in presenting the traces and paths in the snow to the viewer in a plastic way through the pasty brushstroke."
His paintings are attributed to Realism and Post-Impressionism. He exhibited at the Kunstverein München, the Glass Palace, the art associations in Augsburg, Nuremberg, and Mannheim, in Chur, in France, and in the USA. In 2005, on the occasion of his 50th anniversary, the Villa Jauss in Oberstdorf presented an exhibition of Curry's paintings.
At least 12 of his works were shown at the Große Deutsche Kunstausstellung between 1939 and 1944 as part of the art in Nazi Germany. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Robert Franz Curry (* November 2, 1872, in Boston; † August 23, 1955 in Riederau) was a US-American landscape painter of Impressionism.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Curry initially studied at Harvard University in Cambridge before switching to the study of architecture at the Technical University in Stuttgart in 1891. After abandoning his studies, he studied painting from 1893 at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, including with Heinrich Knirr and Carl von Marr. His teachers were important members and founders of the Munich Secession, which saw itself in opposition to the school of Franz von Lenbach.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On many trips to Switzerland, Italy (specifically the Amalfi Coast), and the Bavarian mountains, Curry collected his motifs.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Curry was the son of a wealthy American wool merchant and later owner of a steel construction company and a foundry, making him financially independent throughout his life. His mother, a pianist, had studied in Leipzig. His brother was the doctor and sailor Manfred Curry. Curry was married to Elisabeth von Wahl, the daughter of a Russian-Baltic sculptor. Their son Frederick (Eric) (1903–1971) also became a painter.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Curry made a name for himself as a landscape painter. Elfriede Ruhrberg described his painting style in 2004 in a publication by the Oberstdorf Beautification Association as follows:",
"title": "Painting"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "\"In the composition of his paintings, Curry preferred the principle of the diagonal, i.e., the focal point runs from the top right to the bottom left, captured by a counterpoint group in the left half, with the limiting background of the mountains. The images are placed in a tension arc through the bright, nuanced, structured colors of snow and mountains or the contrasting brown-ocher tones of trees and bushes in spring landscapes. Curry succeeds in presenting the traces and paths in the snow to the viewer in a plastic way through the pasty brushstroke.\"",
"title": "Painting"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "His paintings are attributed to Realism and Post-Impressionism. He exhibited at the Kunstverein München, the Glass Palace, the art associations in Augsburg, Nuremberg, and Mannheim, in Chur, in France, and in the USA. In 2005, on the occasion of his 50th anniversary, the Villa Jauss in Oberstdorf presented an exhibition of Curry's paintings.",
"title": "Painting"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "At least 12 of his works were shown at the Große Deutsche Kunstausstellung between 1939 and 1944 as part of the art in Nazi Germany.",
"title": "Painting"
}
] | Robert Franz Curry was a US-American landscape painter of Impressionism. | 2023-12-11T10:45:34Z | 2023-12-15T01:56:58Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Franz_Curry |
75,536,966 | 2024 in East Timor | Events in the year 2024 in East Timor.
Source: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Events in the year 2024 in East Timor.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "Holidays"
}
] | Events in the year 2024 in East Timor. | 2023-12-11T10:46:20Z | 2023-12-11T11:25:03Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_in_East_Timor |
75,536,986 | Jakkur's 1342 CE Honnamaranayaka Donation Inscription | Jakkur is a suburb in the northern part of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Located on the eastern side of the National Highway 44 between Yelahanka and Hebbal. Primarily a residential locality the area is also known for the Jakkur Aerodrome ,Jakkur lake, and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. Jakkur Aerodrome spread over 200 acres, opened in 1948 is now a pilot training school.
Jakkur is also a historic locality of Bengaluru as testified by the 4 inscriptions and, hero stones there. This article is about one of Jakkur's 14th century inscriptions.
From this inscription, we learn Jakkur is nearly 700 years old, however from one another inscription in Jakkur we learn it is at least as old as from the 9th -10th century. This inscription also informs us that Jakkur Lake, regarded as one of the biggest lakes of Bangalore, existed even seven centuries ago.
This inscription stone was first documented in 1905 by B. L. Rice in the Epigraphia Carnatica Vol 09 as being in a Makkarigaʼs field'. This inscription was rediscovered in the year 2017 by K R Narasimhan and Dhanpal Manchenahalli when they visited Jakkur in search of the inscription. At that time the inscription was lying abandoned and unrecognized in the backyard of a house. With the support of local people the inscription was subsequently shifted a nearby public playground at the K. V. Bhyre Gowda Kala Mandira.
This inscription is carved on a granite stone found locally. Most of the inscriptions found in Bengaluru are carved on similar granite stones. The stone is 143 cm high, 72 cm wide and 17 cm thick. The inscription is written on both the sides of the stone. The inscription consists a total of 22 lines, 14 on the front side of the stone and the remaining 8 on the back side of the inscription. The inscription's script and language, both are Kannada.
On the top of the inscription, there is a sign of Sun and Moon, and in between these signs, is a letter 'Z' in the Brahmi Script standing for the Hindu auspicious word OM. Just as in this inscription, the 'OM' sign is also observed in other inscriptions of a similar period. The signs of sun and moon symbols indicate perpetuity meaning the contents of the inscription were valid for as long as the sun and moon exist.
This inscription is evidence of the antiquity of Jakkur village, Jakkur lake, irrigation systems, ancient administrative divisions and the history of Jakkur. The inscription informs of economic and political condition 700 years ago in the Jakkur area. The inscription records that the Hoysala king Veera Ballala III, with Tiruvannamalai as his capital and was ruling then, and that Jakkur was a part of his kingdom.
The inscription is a total of 22 lines. with 14 lines in front and 8 on the back side of the stone.
The inscription records the donation of the agricultural tax revenue of Jakkuru village to Nadasenabhova Allala by Honamarayanayaka, son of Mahasamanta Chikkabayirayanayka and all Gavundas of Yelahakka Naadu. It is mentioned that the donation is for ever as long as the Sun and Moon exists. At the time the inscription stone was installed, Jakkuru village was under Hoysalas and its king Ballala was ruling from his capital Unnamale (today's Tiruvannamalai) town.
The language and script of the inscription are Kannada and the date of installation of the inscription was Thursday 06-Sep-1342CE. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jakkur is a suburb in the northern part of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Located on the eastern side of the National Highway 44 between Yelahanka and Hebbal. Primarily a residential locality the area is also known for the Jakkur Aerodrome ,Jakkur lake, and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. Jakkur Aerodrome spread over 200 acres, opened in 1948 is now a pilot training school.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Jakkur is also a historic locality of Bengaluru as testified by the 4 inscriptions and, hero stones there. This article is about one of Jakkur's 14th century inscriptions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "From this inscription, we learn Jakkur is nearly 700 years old, however from one another inscription in Jakkur we learn it is at least as old as from the 9th -10th century. This inscription also informs us that Jakkur Lake, regarded as one of the biggest lakes of Bangalore, existed even seven centuries ago.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "This inscription stone was first documented in 1905 by B. L. Rice in the Epigraphia Carnatica Vol 09 as being in a Makkarigaʼs field'. This inscription was rediscovered in the year 2017 by K R Narasimhan and Dhanpal Manchenahalli when they visited Jakkur in search of the inscription. At that time the inscription was lying abandoned and unrecognized in the backyard of a house. With the support of local people the inscription was subsequently shifted a nearby public playground at the K. V. Bhyre Gowda Kala Mandira.",
"title": "Discovery and shifting of the inscription"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "This inscription is carved on a granite stone found locally. Most of the inscriptions found in Bengaluru are carved on similar granite stones. The stone is 143 cm high, 72 cm wide and 17 cm thick. The inscription is written on both the sides of the stone. The inscription consists a total of 22 lines, 14 on the front side of the stone and the remaining 8 on the back side of the inscription. The inscription's script and language, both are Kannada.",
"title": "Characteristics of Jakkur 1342 CE Inscription"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On the top of the inscription, there is a sign of Sun and Moon, and in between these signs, is a letter 'Z' in the Brahmi Script standing for the Hindu auspicious word OM. Just as in this inscription, the 'OM' sign is also observed in other inscriptions of a similar period. The signs of sun and moon symbols indicate perpetuity meaning the contents of the inscription were valid for as long as the sun and moon exist.",
"title": "Characteristics of Jakkur 1342 CE Inscription"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "This inscription is evidence of the antiquity of Jakkur village, Jakkur lake, irrigation systems, ancient administrative divisions and the history of Jakkur. The inscription informs of economic and political condition 700 years ago in the Jakkur area. The inscription records that the Hoysala king Veera Ballala III, with Tiruvannamalai as his capital and was ruling then, and that Jakkur was a part of his kingdom.",
"title": "Importance of the inscription"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The inscription is a total of 22 lines. with 14 lines in front and 8 on the back side of the stone.",
"title": "Transliterated text of the inscription in modern Kannada and IAST"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The inscription records the donation of the agricultural tax revenue of Jakkuru village to Nadasenabhova Allala by Honamarayanayaka, son of Mahasamanta Chikkabayirayanayka and all Gavundas of Yelahakka Naadu. It is mentioned that the donation is for ever as long as the Sun and Moon exists. At the time the inscription stone was installed, Jakkuru village was under Hoysalas and its king Ballala was ruling from his capital Unnamale (today's Tiruvannamalai) town.",
"title": "Summary and the script of the inscription"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The language and script of the inscription are Kannada and the date of installation of the inscription was Thursday 06-Sep-1342CE.",
"title": "Summary and the script of the inscription"
}
] | Jakkur is a suburb in the northern part of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Located on the eastern side of the National Highway 44 between Yelahanka and Hebbal. Primarily a residential locality the area is also known for the Jakkur Aerodrome ,Jakkur lake, and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. Jakkur Aerodrome spread over 200 acres, opened in 1948 is now a pilot training school. Jakkur is also a historic locality of Bengaluru as testified by the 4 inscriptions and, hero stones there. This article is about one of Jakkur's 14th century inscriptions. From this inscription, we learn Jakkur is nearly 700 years old, however from one another inscription in Jakkur we learn it is at least as old as from the 9th -10th century. This inscription also informs us that Jakkur Lake, regarded as one of the biggest lakes of Bangalore, existed even seven centuries ago. | 2023-12-11T10:49:56Z | 2023-12-24T21:36:54Z | [
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakkur%27s_1342_CE_Honnamaranayaka_Donation_Inscription |
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