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75,532,687 | Ottar Hellevik | Ottar Hellevik (born 20 June 1943) is a Norwegian sociologist of political scientist. He was the most frequently read textbook writer on sociological methodology in Norway during his time.
Hellevik was a research fellow at the Peace Research Institute Oslo and took the mag.art. degree in sociology in 1969 with the thesis Stortinget – en sosial elite?. He was hired at the University of Oslo in 1971, became a professor of political science in 1986 and has also served as dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences. He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
Hellevik's textbooks on the methodology of sociology and political science (especially quantitative methods) include Forskningsmetode i sosiologi og statsvitenskap, Introduction to Causal Analysis and Sosiologisk metode. During his time, his books were the most widely read on the subject in the Nordic countries altogether.
Hellevik also specialized in opinion research, holding a part-time job as research director at the gallup institute MMI from 1984. His book Nordmenn og det gode liv (1996) summarized ten years of opinion collecting through the program Norsk Monitor. | [
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"text": "Ottar Hellevik (born 20 June 1943) is a Norwegian sociologist of political scientist. He was the most frequently read textbook writer on sociological methodology in Norway during his time.",
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},
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"text": "Hellevik was a research fellow at the Peace Research Institute Oslo and took the mag.art. degree in sociology in 1969 with the thesis Stortinget – en sosial elite?. He was hired at the University of Oslo in 1971, became a professor of political science in 1986 and has also served as dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences. He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Hellevik's textbooks on the methodology of sociology and political science (especially quantitative methods) include Forskningsmetode i sosiologi og statsvitenskap, Introduction to Causal Analysis and Sosiologisk metode. During his time, his books were the most widely read on the subject in the Nordic countries altogether.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Hellevik also specialized in opinion research, holding a part-time job as research director at the gallup institute MMI from 1984. His book Nordmenn og det gode liv (1996) summarized ten years of opinion collecting through the program Norsk Monitor.",
"title": ""
}
] | Ottar Hellevik is a Norwegian sociologist of political scientist. He was the most frequently read textbook writer on sociological methodology in Norway during his time. Hellevik was a research fellow at the Peace Research Institute Oslo and took the mag.art. degree in sociology in 1969 with the thesis Stortinget – en sosial elite?. He was hired at the University of Oslo in 1971, became a professor of political science in 1986 and has also served as dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences. He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Hellevik's textbooks on the methodology of sociology and political science include Forskningsmetode i sosiologi og statsvitenskap, Introduction to Causal Analysis and Sosiologisk metode. During his time, his books were the most widely read on the subject in the Nordic countries altogether. Hellevik also specialized in opinion research, holding a part-time job as research director at the gallup institute MMI from 1984. His book Nordmenn og det gode liv (1996) summarized ten years of opinion collecting through the program Norsk Monitor. | 2023-12-10T20:34:45Z | 2023-12-14T16:47:40Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottar_Hellevik |
75,532,703 | Athletics at the GCC Games | Athletics is one of the sports at the quadrennial GCC Games competition. It has been one of the sports competed at the event since the inaugural edition in 2011.
Until the 2022 edition, women competed at the separate GCC Women's Games event. The Games record in the men's 100 m was set by Tosin Ogunode in 2022 with a time of 10.05 seconds.
Updated after the 2022 GCC Games | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Athletics is one of the sports at the quadrennial GCC Games competition. It has been one of the sports competed at the event since the inaugural edition in 2011.",
"title": ""
},
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"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Until the 2022 edition, women competed at the separate GCC Women's Games event. The Games record in the men's 100 m was set by Tosin Ogunode in 2022 with a time of 10.05 seconds.",
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"text": "Updated after the 2022 GCC Games",
"title": "All-time medal table"
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] | Athletics is one of the sports at the quadrennial GCC Games competition. It has been one of the sports competed at the event since the inaugural edition in 2011. Until the 2022 edition, women competed at the separate GCC Women's Games event. The Games record in the men's 100 m was set by Tosin Ogunode in 2022 with a time of 10.05 seconds. | 2023-12-10T20:37:16Z | 2023-12-10T20:39:03Z | [
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75,532,730 | Ingun Montgomery | Ingun Montgomery (born 14 April 1936) is a Swedish theologian. She moved to Norway where she became the first female professor of theology.
She was born in Uppsala, and took the cand.theol. degree at Uppsala University in 1962. Following her lic.theol. degree in 1966, she was a research fellow at the University of Bergen from 1971. With the doctoral thesis Värjostånd och lärostånd, she took the dr.philos. degree there in 1972 and was promoted to associate professor.
In 1977 she was appointed as professor of church history at Uppsala University, but moved to the same position at the University of Oslo in 1979, becoming Norway's first female professor of theology. She is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. In 1997 she received an honorary degree at the University of Helsinki. | [
{
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"text": "Ingun Montgomery (born 14 April 1936) is a Swedish theologian. She moved to Norway where she became the first female professor of theology.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "She was born in Uppsala, and took the cand.theol. degree at Uppsala University in 1962. Following her lic.theol. degree in 1966, she was a research fellow at the University of Bergen from 1971. With the doctoral thesis Värjostånd och lärostånd, she took the dr.philos. degree there in 1972 and was promoted to associate professor.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1977 she was appointed as professor of church history at Uppsala University, but moved to the same position at the University of Oslo in 1979, becoming Norway's first female professor of theology. She is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. In 1997 she received an honorary degree at the University of Helsinki.",
"title": ""
}
] | Ingun Montgomery is a Swedish theologian. She moved to Norway where she became the first female professor of theology. She was born in Uppsala, and took the cand.theol. degree at Uppsala University in 1962. Following her lic.theol. degree in 1966, she was a research fellow at the University of Bergen from 1971. With the doctoral thesis Värjostånd och lärostånd, she took the dr.philos. degree there in 1972 and was promoted to associate professor. In 1977 she was appointed as professor of church history at Uppsala University, but moved to the same position at the University of Oslo in 1979, becoming Norway's first female professor of theology. She is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. In 1997 she received an honorary degree at the University of Helsinki. | 2023-12-10T20:43:16Z | 2023-12-13T08:19:29Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingun_Montgomery |
75,532,731 | Belangenvereniging van Kleine Mensen | The Belangenvereniging van Kleine Mensen (BVKM)(English: Interest Association of Little People) is the Dutch Patients' Organization for little people and patients with skeletal dysplasia. The association focuses on individuals with one or more of the two hundred medical conditions falling under the category of dwarfism. Most members have a demonstrable growth disorder and are shorter than 155 cm. Volunteers are responsible for the organization.
The BVKM was founded in December 1973 by Lenie Voorn (née Matton), as a Dutch organization providing support and information to people of short stature and their families. Within a year and a half of its establishment, 500 little people had become members, and the association now had a social worker and a psychologist. It became clear that the challenges for little people were much larger than initially thought. Housing, clothing, public transportation, and job applications turned out to lead to many mental and practical problems.
The main goal of the association is to provide support to little people so that they can take a full and equal place in society.
Other goals of the association include:
Members and directly involved individuals can receive information, get to know each other, and share experiences, with the association playing a supportive role. The association focuses on increasing general knowledge about various growth disorders, striving for equal treatment in society, and advocating for normalization that embraces diversity
The Sports Committee organizes events in collaboration with entities such as the Dirk Kuyt Foundation and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation.
The association, as a patient organization for skeletal dysplasia, maintains close contact with institutions such as Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMCU, MUMC+, and LUMC.
The BVKM collaborates with external parties, including: | [
{
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"text": "The Belangenvereniging van Kleine Mensen (BVKM)(English: Interest Association of Little People) is the Dutch Patients' Organization for little people and patients with skeletal dysplasia. The association focuses on individuals with one or more of the two hundred medical conditions falling under the category of dwarfism. Most members have a demonstrable growth disorder and are shorter than 155 cm. Volunteers are responsible for the organization.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The BVKM was founded in December 1973 by Lenie Voorn (née Matton), as a Dutch organization providing support and information to people of short stature and their families. Within a year and a half of its establishment, 500 little people had become members, and the association now had a social worker and a psychologist. It became clear that the challenges for little people were much larger than initially thought. Housing, clothing, public transportation, and job applications turned out to lead to many mental and practical problems.",
"title": "Establishment"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The main goal of the association is to provide support to little people so that they can take a full and equal place in society.",
"title": "Goals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Other goals of the association include:",
"title": "Goals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Members and directly involved individuals can receive information, get to know each other, and share experiences, with the association playing a supportive role. The association focuses on increasing general knowledge about various growth disorders, striving for equal treatment in society, and advocating for normalization that embraces diversity",
"title": "Activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Sports Committee organizes events in collaboration with entities such as the Dirk Kuyt Foundation and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation.",
"title": "Activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The association, as a patient organization for skeletal dysplasia, maintains close contact with institutions such as Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMCU, MUMC+, and LUMC.",
"title": "Collaborations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The BVKM collaborates with external parties, including:",
"title": "Collaborations"
}
] | The Belangenvereniging van Kleine Mensen (BVKM)(English: Interest Association of Little People) is the Dutch Patients' Organization for little people and patients with skeletal dysplasia. The association focuses on individuals with one or more of the two hundred medical conditions falling under the category of dwarfism. Most members have a demonstrable growth disorder and are shorter than 155 cm. Volunteers are responsible for the organization. | 2023-12-10T20:43:39Z | 2023-12-12T00:36:59Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belangenvereniging_van_Kleine_Mensen |
75,532,747 | Syzygium brackenridgei | Syzygium brackenridgei is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to the Fiji and Tonga. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Syzygium brackenridgei is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to the Fiji and Tonga.",
"title": ""
}
] | Syzygium brackenridgei is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to the Fiji and Tonga. | 2023-12-10T20:45:24Z | 2023-12-10T21:32:50Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium_brackenridgei |
75,532,765 | BAT99-123 | BAT99-123, also known as Brey 93, is a rare WO-type (oxygen sequence) Wolf–Rayet star located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, about 160,000 light years away in Dorado. BAT99-123 was the first WO star discovered in the LMC, and only 3 are known to exist in the galaxy, the other two being LH 41-1042 and LMC195-1.
BAT99-123 was first discovered in 1970, and identified as a star with strong OVI emission in 1971, alongside other WO stars like WR 102, WR 142 and SMC AB8. Most stars with strong OVI emission known at the time were central stars of planetary nebulae.
Analysis of BAT99-123's spectrum reveals a surface temperature of 170,000 K. Assuming a distance of 50.12 kpc, or about 163,500 light years, BAT99-123's luminosity is about 158,500 L☉, corresponding to a radius of 0.47 R☉. BAT99-123's strong stellar wind, which has a very high terminal velocity of 3300 km/s, causes it to lose 10 M☉ (about 7.24×10 M☉) a year.
WO-type Wolf-Rayet stars are very very close to the end of their lives. BAT99-123 is predicted to explode in a type Ic supernova in about 7,000 years. By then, it's predicted to have a mass of 7.7 M☉, much lower than its initial mass which was likely a few dozen solar masses. It likely has a similar mass right now as its stellar wind will not change the mass much in this timescale. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "BAT99-123, also known as Brey 93, is a rare WO-type (oxygen sequence) Wolf–Rayet star located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, about 160,000 light years away in Dorado. BAT99-123 was the first WO star discovered in the LMC, and only 3 are known to exist in the galaxy, the other two being LH 41-1042 and LMC195-1.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "BAT99-123 was first discovered in 1970, and identified as a star with strong OVI emission in 1971, alongside other WO stars like WR 102, WR 142 and SMC AB8. Most stars with strong OVI emission known at the time were central stars of planetary nebulae.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Analysis of BAT99-123's spectrum reveals a surface temperature of 170,000 K. Assuming a distance of 50.12 kpc, or about 163,500 light years, BAT99-123's luminosity is about 158,500 L☉, corresponding to a radius of 0.47 R☉. BAT99-123's strong stellar wind, which has a very high terminal velocity of 3300 km/s, causes it to lose 10 M☉ (about 7.24×10 M☉) a year.",
"title": "Properties"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "WO-type Wolf-Rayet stars are very very close to the end of their lives. BAT99-123 is predicted to explode in a type Ic supernova in about 7,000 years. By then, it's predicted to have a mass of 7.7 M☉, much lower than its initial mass which was likely a few dozen solar masses. It likely has a similar mass right now as its stellar wind will not change the mass much in this timescale.",
"title": "Properties"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | BAT99-123, also known as Brey 93, is a rare WO-type Wolf–Rayet star located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, about 160,000 light years away in Dorado. BAT99-123 was the first WO star discovered in the LMC, and only 3 are known to exist in the galaxy, the other two being LH 41-1042 and LMC195-1. BAT99-123 was first discovered in 1970, and identified as a star with strong OVI emission in 1971, alongside other WO stars like WR 102, WR 142 and SMC AB8. Most stars with strong OVI emission known at the time were central stars of planetary nebulae. | 2023-12-10T20:49:07Z | 2023-12-29T00:07:17Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAT99-123 |
75,532,766 | 1992 Epson Singapore Super Tennis | The 1992 Epson Singapore Super Tennis, also known as Singapore Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the National Stadium in Singapore and was part of the World Series of the 1992 ATP Tour. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and took place from 30 March through 5 April 1992. Unseeded Simon Youl won the singles title.
Simon Youl defeated Paul Haarhuis 6–4, 6–1
Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Grant Connell / Glenn Michibata 6–7, 6–2, 6–4 | [
{
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"text": "The 1992 Epson Singapore Super Tennis, also known as Singapore Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the National Stadium in Singapore and was part of the World Series of the 1992 ATP Tour. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and took place from 30 March through 5 April 1992. Unseeded Simon Youl won the singles title.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Simon Youl defeated Paul Haarhuis 6–4, 6–1",
"title": "Finals"
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{
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"text": "Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Grant Connell / Glenn Michibata 6–7, 6–2, 6–4",
"title": "Finals"
}
] | The 1992 Epson Singapore Super Tennis, also known as Singapore Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the National Stadium in Singapore and was part of the World Series of the 1992 ATP Tour. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and took place from 30 March through 5 April 1992. Unseeded Simon Youl won the singles title. | 2023-12-10T20:49:14Z | 2023-12-10T20:49:14Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Epson_Singapore_Super_Tennis |
75,532,768 | Soun of Ogbomosho | Soun of Ogbomoso is the official title given to the ruler of Ogbomosho kingdom. The current and the 21st Soun of Ogbomoso is Gandhi Olaoye. He was coronated on the 21 December 2023 by the governor of Oyo State, Seyi Makinde. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Soun of Ogbomoso is the official title given to the ruler of Ogbomosho kingdom. The current and the 21st Soun of Ogbomoso is Gandhi Olaoye. He was coronated on the 21 December 2023 by the governor of Oyo State, Seyi Makinde.",
"title": ""
}
] | Soun of Ogbomoso is the official title given to the ruler of Ogbomosho kingdom. The current and the 21st Soun of Ogbomoso is Gandhi Olaoye. He was coronated on the 21 December 2023 by the governor of Oyo State, Seyi Makinde. | 2023-12-10T20:49:26Z | 2023-12-31T16:41:42Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soun_of_Ogbomosho |
75,532,783 | José Pedro Zúquete | José Pedro Zúquete (born 27 May 1976) is a Portuguese political scientist. Born in Leiria, Portugal, he holds a licentiate in history and a doctorate in political science. He has studied and worked at the University of Coimbra, the Sapienza University of Rome, the University of Bath, the Sorbonne Nouvelle University and the University of Washington. Among his works are the books The Struggle for the World: Liberation Movements for the 21th Century (2010), The Identitarians: The Movement against Globalism and Islam in Europe (2019) and Populismo: Lá fora e cá dentro (2022). | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "José Pedro Zúquete (born 27 May 1976) is a Portuguese political scientist. Born in Leiria, Portugal, he holds a licentiate in history and a doctorate in political science. He has studied and worked at the University of Coimbra, the Sapienza University of Rome, the University of Bath, the Sorbonne Nouvelle University and the University of Washington. Among his works are the books The Struggle for the World: Liberation Movements for the 21th Century (2010), The Identitarians: The Movement against Globalism and Islam in Europe (2019) and Populismo: Lá fora e cá dentro (2022).",
"title": ""
}
] | José Pedro Zúquete is a Portuguese political scientist. Born in Leiria, Portugal, he holds a licentiate in history and a doctorate in political science. He has studied and worked at the University of Coimbra, the Sapienza University of Rome, the University of Bath, the Sorbonne Nouvelle University and the University of Washington. Among his works are the books The Struggle for the World: Liberation Movements for the 21th Century (2010), The Identitarians: The Movement against Globalism and Islam in Europe (2019) and Populismo: Lá fora e cá dentro (2022). | 2023-12-10T20:51:49Z | 2023-12-24T08:19:29Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Pedro_Z%C3%BAquete |
75,532,796 | Action Launcher | Action Launcher is an application launcher mobile app for the Android mobile platform developed by Chris Lacy under the Australian "Action Launcher Pty. Ltd." company (formerly "Digital Ashes"). Like other Android launcher apps, the program adds a graphical layer on top of the operating system's default application launcher to provide the user with an alternate way of navigating through the operating system, often adding features that the default launcher lacks.
Action Launcher was first released in 2012.
In 2013, a "1.5" version of the app was released, and included support for 10-inch tablets, as well as features that allowed users to quickly access areas of the interface using touch gestures. These features were later expanded in a "2.0" release.
In 2014, a new version of the launcher was released as "Action Launcher 3", updating what was then called "Action Launcher 2". This update added a way to quickly take the main colors of the user's chosen wallpaper and apply it to other elements of the interface, such as widgets. It also restyled the app to follow Material Design guidelines. The app was also split into multiple versions: a free version dubbed "Action Launcher 3", and a paid version called "Action Launcher 2", the latter available via purchase of a separate app called "Action Launcher Pro." Users reported finding this pricing scheme confusing.
In 2016, functionality was added that let users access an app's key functions directly from the app icon on a homescreen.
In 2017, the app was renamed from "Action Launcher 3" to simply "Action Launcher", and integration with Google Feed (formerly Google Now) was added. This required a separate plugin to be sideloaded. The same update added the ability to see unread notifications on app tiles.
In 2019, the launcher added added additional support for theming, including dark mode. Another update the same year added support for Android 10's new gesture navigation. It also improved upon a feature called ActionDash, an alternative to Google's Digital Wellbeing.
In 2022, v50 was released. This update mirrored some features of Google's Pixel Launcher, with a focus on more support for freemium users. Lacy said of the motivation for the update, "Action Launcher’s freemium implementation has historically been terrible. It was far too aggressive in pushing people to purchase the Plus upgrade, which turned a great many people off, and the app was barely usable for nonpaying customers."
Action Launcher is frequently cited by Android media outlets as one of the best alternate launchers available to Android users. As of 2019, it had over 5 million downloads. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Action Launcher is an application launcher mobile app for the Android mobile platform developed by Chris Lacy under the Australian \"Action Launcher Pty. Ltd.\" company (formerly \"Digital Ashes\"). Like other Android launcher apps, the program adds a graphical layer on top of the operating system's default application launcher to provide the user with an alternate way of navigating through the operating system, often adding features that the default launcher lacks.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Action Launcher was first released in 2012.",
"title": "Timeline of notable features"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2013, a \"1.5\" version of the app was released, and included support for 10-inch tablets, as well as features that allowed users to quickly access areas of the interface using touch gestures. These features were later expanded in a \"2.0\" release.",
"title": "Timeline of notable features"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2014, a new version of the launcher was released as \"Action Launcher 3\", updating what was then called \"Action Launcher 2\". This update added a way to quickly take the main colors of the user's chosen wallpaper and apply it to other elements of the interface, such as widgets. It also restyled the app to follow Material Design guidelines. The app was also split into multiple versions: a free version dubbed \"Action Launcher 3\", and a paid version called \"Action Launcher 2\", the latter available via purchase of a separate app called \"Action Launcher Pro.\" Users reported finding this pricing scheme confusing.",
"title": "Timeline of notable features"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2016, functionality was added that let users access an app's key functions directly from the app icon on a homescreen.",
"title": "Timeline of notable features"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 2017, the app was renamed from \"Action Launcher 3\" to simply \"Action Launcher\", and integration with Google Feed (formerly Google Now) was added. This required a separate plugin to be sideloaded. The same update added the ability to see unread notifications on app tiles.",
"title": "Timeline of notable features"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 2019, the launcher added added additional support for theming, including dark mode. Another update the same year added support for Android 10's new gesture navigation. It also improved upon a feature called ActionDash, an alternative to Google's Digital Wellbeing.",
"title": "Timeline of notable features"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 2022, v50 was released. This update mirrored some features of Google's Pixel Launcher, with a focus on more support for freemium users. Lacy said of the motivation for the update, \"Action Launcher’s freemium implementation has historically been terrible. It was far too aggressive in pushing people to purchase the Plus upgrade, which turned a great many people off, and the app was barely usable for nonpaying customers.\"",
"title": "Timeline of notable features"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Action Launcher is frequently cited by Android media outlets as one of the best alternate launchers available to Android users. As of 2019, it had over 5 million downloads.",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Action Launcher is an application launcher mobile app for the Android mobile platform developed by Chris Lacy under the Australian "Action Launcher Pty. Ltd." company. Like other Android launcher apps, the program adds a graphical layer on top of the operating system's default application launcher to provide the user with an alternate way of navigating through the operating system, often adding features that the default launcher lacks. | 2023-12-10T20:53:38Z | 2023-12-12T00:22:44Z | [
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75,532,825 | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (OPS) | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (OPS) is a breakaway faction from the AIADMK Party, led by the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, O. Panneerselvam (OPS) after he was expelled by the party. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (OPS) is a breakaway faction from the AIADMK Party, led by the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, O. Panneerselvam (OPS) after he was expelled by the party.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (OPS) is a breakaway faction from the AIADMK Party, led by the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, O. Panneerselvam (OPS) after he was expelled by the party. | 2023-12-10T20:59:43Z | 2023-12-27T20:14:57Z | [
"Template:Infobox Indian political party",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:India-poli-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Use Indian English"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam_(OPS) |
75,532,831 | Mirmövsüm Kamil oğlu Abbasov | Mirmovsum Abbasov (October 3, 1955, Gubakhalilli, Ismayilli district - April 22, 2010) was a deputy of the second convocation of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
He was born on October 3, 1955, in Gubakhalilli village of İsmayilli district. He graduated from the cultural and educational faculty of the Azerbaijan State Institute of Arts, the economic faculty of the agro-industrial complex of the Azerbaijan Agricultural Institute and the Baku Higher Party School. He speaks Russian. married. He had 2 children and died on April 22, 2010.
He was the chairman of the Ismayilli district organization of the New Azerbaijan Party. He was elected as a member of parliament from İsmailli Constituency No. 69 on November 5, 2000. He was a member of the Standing Committee on Agricultural Policy of the National Assembly.
Decree No. 994 of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Appointment of M. K. Abbasov as head of the Executive Power of the Oghuz Districtt Baku city, July 25, 2002, Mirmovsum Kamil oglu Abbasov will be appointed head of the Executive Power of the Oghuz District. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mirmovsum Abbasov (October 3, 1955, Gubakhalilli, Ismayilli district - April 22, 2010) was a deputy of the second convocation of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He was born on October 3, 1955, in Gubakhalilli village of İsmayilli district. He graduated from the cultural and educational faculty of the Azerbaijan State Institute of Arts, the economic faculty of the agro-industrial complex of the Azerbaijan Agricultural Institute and the Baku Higher Party School. He speaks Russian. married. He had 2 children and died on April 22, 2010.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He was the chairman of the Ismayilli district organization of the New Azerbaijan Party. He was elected as a member of parliament from İsmailli Constituency No. 69 on November 5, 2000. He was a member of the Standing Committee on Agricultural Policy of the National Assembly.",
"title": "Political activity"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Decree No. 994 of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Appointment of M. K. Abbasov as head of the Executive Power of the Oghuz Districtt Baku city, July 25, 2002, Mirmovsum Kamil oglu Abbasov will be appointed head of the Executive Power of the Oghuz District.",
"title": "See also"
}
] | Mirmovsum Abbasov was a deputy of the second convocation of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan. | 2023-12-10T21:00:30Z | 2023-12-26T16:41:29Z | [
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirm%C3%B6vs%C3%BCm_Kamil_o%C4%9Flu_Abbasov |
75,532,836 | Fortune (Reni) | Fortune (Italian: La Fortuna) may refer to several, similar pictures by or after Guido Reni, a painter of the Bologna school, dated to the 1620s or 1630s.
The prime version is in the National Academy of Saint Luke, Rome. There are several replicas by Reni or others in private hands.
This Fortune, once one of the profane subjects in the secret cabinet of the Capitol, has been described by Righetti. During the Napoleonic period of spoliation it was removed to Paris.
Aristide Sartorio (1911) considers it a "valuable decorative picture, suggestive in its tonality of certain works of Puvis de Chavannes, who … was an admirer of diffuse colouring without violent chiaroscuro effects." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Fortune (Italian: La Fortuna) may refer to several, similar pictures by or after Guido Reni, a painter of the Bologna school, dated to the 1620s or 1630s.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The prime version is in the National Academy of Saint Luke, Rome. There are several replicas by Reni or others in private hands.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "This Fortune, once one of the profane subjects in the secret cabinet of the Capitol, has been described by Righetti. During the Napoleonic period of spoliation it was removed to Paris.",
"title": "Prime version"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Aristide Sartorio (1911) considers it a \"valuable decorative picture, suggestive in its tonality of certain works of Puvis de Chavannes, who … was an admirer of diffuse colouring without violent chiaroscuro effects.\"",
"title": "Prime version"
}
] | Fortune may refer to several, similar pictures by or after Guido Reni, a painter of the Bologna school, dated to the 1620s or 1630s. The prime version is in the National Academy of Saint Luke, Rome. There are several replicas by Reni or others in private hands. | 2023-12-10T21:01:21Z | 2023-12-13T15:13:19Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_(Reni) |
75,532,859 | February 1880 Victorian colonial election | The February 1880 Victorian colonial election was held on 28 February 1880 to elect the 10th Parliament of Victoria. All 86 seats in 55 electorates in the Legislative Assembly were up for election, though two seats were uncontested.
There were 31 single-member, 20 two-member and 5 three-member electorates.
The liberal (or protectionist) government of Graham Berry was narrowly defeated by the Constitutionalist (moderate liberal) opposition led by James Service, who formed a new government on March 5.
Although James Service won the February 1880 election with a workable majority, he remained Premier for only six months after an unsuccessful attempt to reform the Legislative Council. The Service Reform Bill provided for a wider Legislative Council franchise and a double dissolution if the Council twice rejected a bill passed by the Assembly in two consecutive sessions (followed by a joint sitting of the Houses). In June 1880 a motion for the second reading of the reform bill in the Legislative Assembly was lost by two votes, after which Service was granted a dissolution in the full confidence he would win the subsequent election. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The February 1880 Victorian colonial election was held on 28 February 1880 to elect the 10th Parliament of Victoria. All 86 seats in 55 electorates in the Legislative Assembly were up for election, though two seats were uncontested.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "There were 31 single-member, 20 two-member and 5 three-member electorates.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The liberal (or protectionist) government of Graham Berry was narrowly defeated by the Constitutionalist (moderate liberal) opposition led by James Service, who formed a new government on March 5.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Although James Service won the February 1880 election with a workable majority, he remained Premier for only six months after an unsuccessful attempt to reform the Legislative Council. The Service Reform Bill provided for a wider Legislative Council franchise and a double dissolution if the Council twice rejected a bill passed by the Assembly in two consecutive sessions (followed by a joint sitting of the Houses). In June 1880 a motion for the second reading of the reform bill in the Legislative Assembly was lost by two votes, after which Service was granted a dissolution in the full confidence he would win the subsequent election.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] | The February 1880 Victorian colonial election was held on 28 February 1880 to elect the 10th Parliament of Victoria. All 86 seats in 55 electorates in the Legislative Assembly were up for election, though two seats were uncontested. There were 31 single-member, 20 two-member and 5 three-member electorates. The liberal government of Graham Berry was narrowly defeated by the Constitutionalist opposition led by James Service, who formed a new government on March 5. | 2023-12-10T21:02:25Z | 2023-12-17T20:02:48Z | [
"Template:Infobox election",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Victorian elections"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_1880_Victorian_colonial_election |
75,532,883 | Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists | The Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists (ASPRET) is an ethnonationalist paramilitary group, active in the VRAEM conflict zone. The group is led by Eddy Villarroel Medina, also known as "Comandante Sacha," a former member of the Peruvian Armed Forces. ASPRET's primary objective is to gain political power, and overthrow the Peruvian state. Members of the group call themselves the "guardians of the people" and have participated in riots in Oxapampa and Puerto Bermudez. ASPRET had a short lived alliance with the Militarized Communist Party of Peru from 2017 to 2022, which ended due to ideological differences. The group has also been accused of being connected to Hezbollah, which it denies. Many members of the movement are armed forces veterans of Peru's internal wars or the border disputes with Ecuador in the 1980s and 1990s.
Eddy Villaroel Medina was a former reservist in the Peruvian Army, who fought in the Internal conflict in Peru. Retiring from the Army in 1992, Media joined the Self-defense committees. He retired again in 2005, and founded ASPRET in 2011.
In 2014 members of ASPRET took over the Oxapampa square, demanding investigations into alleged acts of corruption in Ciudad Constitución and the Puerto Bermúdez District.
A year later in 2015 they participated in the Pichanaki Clashes against the oil and natural gas company PlusPetrol
On April 22, 2017, ASPRET released a video of Medina meeting with Comrade José, leader of the MCPP, where they discussed the creation of a United front. This resulted in the creation of the United Democratic Andean Revolutionary Front of Peru (Spanish: Frente Unido Democrático Andino Revolucionario del Perú). The front was dissolved in 2022 due to ideological differences, with ASPRET accusing the MCPP of supporting Pedro Castillo, and his party Free Peru, during and after the 2021 Peruvian general election.
Medina has also accused Vladimir Cerrón of having connections to Shining Path
Medina has been accused of being involved with the Ethnocacerist Movement, but this has been denied by Medina, and those close to Antauro Humala, leader of the movement.
ASPRET has been accused of maintaining relations with Hezbollah through Edwar Quiroga Vargas, a Peruvian Shiite leader. Vargas has been accused of having connections with the Lebanese group due to social media posts, and also of his connections with other Shia leaders in Peru | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists (ASPRET) is an ethnonationalist paramilitary group, active in the VRAEM conflict zone. The group is led by Eddy Villarroel Medina, also known as \"Comandante Sacha,\" a former member of the Peruvian Armed Forces. ASPRET's primary objective is to gain political power, and overthrow the Peruvian state. Members of the group call themselves the \"guardians of the people\" and have participated in riots in Oxapampa and Puerto Bermudez. ASPRET had a short lived alliance with the Militarized Communist Party of Peru from 2017 to 2022, which ended due to ideological differences. The group has also been accused of being connected to Hezbollah, which it denies. Many members of the movement are armed forces veterans of Peru's internal wars or the border disputes with Ecuador in the 1980s and 1990s.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Eddy Villaroel Medina was a former reservist in the Peruvian Army, who fought in the Internal conflict in Peru. Retiring from the Army in 1992, Media joined the Self-defense committees. He retired again in 2005, and founded ASPRET in 2011.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2014 members of ASPRET took over the Oxapampa square, demanding investigations into alleged acts of corruption in Ciudad Constitución and the Puerto Bermúdez District.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "A year later in 2015 they participated in the Pichanaki Clashes against the oil and natural gas company PlusPetrol",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On April 22, 2017, ASPRET released a video of Medina meeting with Comrade José, leader of the MCPP, where they discussed the creation of a United front. This resulted in the creation of the United Democratic Andean Revolutionary Front of Peru (Spanish: Frente Unido Democrático Andino Revolucionario del Perú). The front was dissolved in 2022 due to ideological differences, with ASPRET accusing the MCPP of supporting Pedro Castillo, and his party Free Peru, during and after the 2021 Peruvian general election.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Medina has also accused Vladimir Cerrón of having connections to Shining Path",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Medina has been accused of being involved with the Ethnocacerist Movement, but this has been denied by Medina, and those close to Antauro Humala, leader of the movement.",
"title": "Relationships"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "ASPRET has been accused of maintaining relations with Hezbollah through Edwar Quiroga Vargas, a Peruvian Shiite leader. Vargas has been accused of having connections with the Lebanese group due to social media posts, and also of his connections with other Shia leaders in Peru",
"title": "Relationships"
}
] | The Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists (ASPRET) is an ethnonationalist paramilitary group, active in the VRAEM conflict zone. The group is led by Eddy Villarroel Medina, also known as "Comandante Sacha," a former member of the Peruvian Armed Forces. ASPRET's primary objective is to gain political power, and overthrow the Peruvian state. Members of the group call themselves the "guardians of the people" and have participated in riots in Oxapampa and Puerto Bermudez. ASPRET had a short lived alliance with the Militarized Communist Party of Peru from 2017 to 2022, which ended due to ideological differences. The group has also been accused of being connected to Hezbollah, which it denies. Many members of the movement are armed forces veterans of Peru's internal wars or the border disputes with Ecuador in the 1980s and 1990s. | 2023-12-10T21:07:28Z | 2023-12-19T04:54:16Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox militant organization",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite journal"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurinational_Association_of_Tawantinsuyo_Reservists |
75,532,887 | Scott Bok | Scott L. Bok is an American business executive who is the chief executive officer of Greenhill & Co. He was the chair of the University of Pennsylvania board of trustees from 2021 to 2023.
Bok is from St. Joseph, Michigan. He earned a B.A. in political science and B.S.E. in economics in 1981 and a J.D. in 1984 from the University of Pennsylvania. From 1978 to 1980, he was a student news reporter of The Daily Pennsylvanian.
Bok worked in mergers, acquisitions, and securities law at Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz from 1984 to 1986. From 1986 to 1997, he was the managing director of the department of mergers, acquisitions, and restructuring at Morgan Stanley. Bok joined Greenhill & Co. in 1997 as its managing director. He later became chief executive officer. On July 1, 2021, Bok succeeded David L. Cohen as the chair University of Pennsylvania board of trustees. He resigned from the board on December 9, 2023. He was succeeded by interim chair Julie Platt. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Scott L. Bok is an American business executive who is the chief executive officer of Greenhill & Co. He was the chair of the University of Pennsylvania board of trustees from 2021 to 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Bok is from St. Joseph, Michigan. He earned a B.A. in political science and B.S.E. in economics in 1981 and a J.D. in 1984 from the University of Pennsylvania. From 1978 to 1980, he was a student news reporter of The Daily Pennsylvanian.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Bok worked in mergers, acquisitions, and securities law at Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz from 1984 to 1986. From 1986 to 1997, he was the managing director of the department of mergers, acquisitions, and restructuring at Morgan Stanley. Bok joined Greenhill & Co. in 1997 as its managing director. He later became chief executive officer. On July 1, 2021, Bok succeeded David L. Cohen as the chair University of Pennsylvania board of trustees. He resigned from the board on December 9, 2023. He was succeeded by interim chair Julie Platt.",
"title": "Life"
}
] | Scott L. Bok is an American business executive who is the chief executive officer of Greenhill & Co. He was the chair of the University of Pennsylvania board of trustees from 2021 to 2023. | 2023-12-10T21:08:04Z | 2023-12-13T20:03:57Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Bok |
75,532,894 | John Gunther's High Road | John Gunther's High Road is an American television travelogue series that was broadcast on ABC from September 7, 1959, through September 17, 1960.
Author John Gunther, who traveled the world, was host of this series and narrated it. The show ranged "from Manhattan to the Himalayas in search of program material". Subjects of episodes went beyond geographic locations to include topics such as jazz music and space travel, leading Gunther to summarize the series as "inside everywhere". Producer Jerry Stagg said the main theme of the series was "the story of man, or men, in the never-ending struggle to conquer obstacles in his environment or relations with other people." Guest hosts on episodes included Cesar Romero, Herb Shriner, and Walter Winchell.
Stagg and Blue J. Productions produced John Gunther's High Road, which was sponsored by the Ralston-Purina Company. John Greene and Phillip Shuken were the writers. Some of the films shown in the series were made on Gunther's trips. Most were made by others, but they showed places that he had visited. Those other sources included the Soviet Union and the United Nations.
The show was initially broadcast on Mondays from 8:30 to 9 p.m. Eastern Time, replacing Bold Journey. Beginning with the September 26, 1959, episode, it was moved to Saturdays from 8 to 8:30 p.m. E. T., where it remained until the series ended. Bourbon Street Beat took over the Saturday slot, and Jubilee, U. S. A. vacated the Monday slot to make room for John Gunther's High Road.
Ralston-Purina made program-related teaching guides available for educators to use in their classrooms. That effort was supplemented by awards from the company to "teachers who made imaginative use of the program in their classroom teaching". The company awarded educational tours to 84 teachers in 1960, with many of the tours providing college credit for the recipients.
A review in the trade publication Broadcasting found several flaws in the premiere episode and said that only occasional moments came "anywhere near to offering the absorbing sort of television held out by the idea of exploring with John Gunther." The review said that presenting the story behind the African Ballet "was a passable and possibly good idea", with some of the dances being "fascinating". Eventually, the review added, the dances became repetitive, and it suggested that editing should have reduced the showing of dances to provide "a better explanation of how the many problems of molding talent from 20 diverse tribes into a dependable ballet company had been achieved." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "John Gunther's High Road is an American television travelogue series that was broadcast on ABC from September 7, 1959, through September 17, 1960.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Author John Gunther, who traveled the world, was host of this series and narrated it. The show ranged \"from Manhattan to the Himalayas in search of program material\". Subjects of episodes went beyond geographic locations to include topics such as jazz music and space travel, leading Gunther to summarize the series as \"inside everywhere\". Producer Jerry Stagg said the main theme of the series was \"the story of man, or men, in the never-ending struggle to conquer obstacles in his environment or relations with other people.\" Guest hosts on episodes included Cesar Romero, Herb Shriner, and Walter Winchell.",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Stagg and Blue J. Productions produced John Gunther's High Road, which was sponsored by the Ralston-Purina Company. John Greene and Phillip Shuken were the writers. Some of the films shown in the series were made on Gunther's trips. Most were made by others, but they showed places that he had visited. Those other sources included the Soviet Union and the United Nations.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The show was initially broadcast on Mondays from 8:30 to 9 p.m. Eastern Time, replacing Bold Journey. Beginning with the September 26, 1959, episode, it was moved to Saturdays from 8 to 8:30 p.m. E. T., where it remained until the series ended. Bourbon Street Beat took over the Saturday slot, and Jubilee, U. S. A. vacated the Monday slot to make room for John Gunther's High Road.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Ralston-Purina made program-related teaching guides available for educators to use in their classrooms. That effort was supplemented by awards from the company to \"teachers who made imaginative use of the program in their classroom teaching\". The company awarded educational tours to 84 teachers in 1960, with many of the tours providing college credit for the recipients.",
"title": "Opportunities for teachers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "A review in the trade publication Broadcasting found several flaws in the premiere episode and said that only occasional moments came \"anywhere near to offering the absorbing sort of television held out by the idea of exploring with John Gunther.\" The review said that presenting the story behind the African Ballet \"was a passable and possibly good idea\", with some of the dances being \"fascinating\". Eventually, the review added, the dances became repetitive, and it suggested that editing should have reduced the showing of dances to provide \"a better explanation of how the many problems of molding talent from 20 diverse tribes into a dependable ballet company had been achieved.\"",
"title": "Critical response"
}
] | John Gunther's High Road is an American television travelogue series that was broadcast on ABC from September 7, 1959, through September 17, 1960. | 2023-12-10T21:09:35Z | 2023-12-26T15:26:06Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gunther%27s_High_Road |
75,532,895 | Walter H. Toberman | Walter H. Toberman (April 19, 1879 – February 13, 1960) was an American politician. He served as Secretary of State of Missouri from 1949 to 1960.
Toberman was born in Fillmore, Illinois. He was a St. Louis city official.
Toberman served as Secretary of State of Missouri from 1949 to 1960.
Toberman died in February 1960 of cancer, at the age of 80. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Walter H. Toberman (April 19, 1879 – February 13, 1960) was an American politician. He served as Secretary of State of Missouri from 1949 to 1960.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Toberman was born in Fillmore, Illinois. He was a St. Louis city official.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Toberman served as Secretary of State of Missouri from 1949 to 1960.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Toberman died in February 1960 of cancer, at the age of 80.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Walter H. Toberman was an American politician. He served as Secretary of State of Missouri from 1949 to 1960. | 2023-12-10T21:09:38Z | 2023-12-14T14:13:09Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_H._Toberman |
75,532,897 | List of EastEnders characters (2024) | The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the British soap opera EastEnders in 2024, by order of first appearance. All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer, Chris Clenshaw. The first characters to be introduced are Eddie Knight (Christopher Fairbank) and Gloria Knight (Elizabeth Counsell), the adoptive parents of George Knight (Colin Salmon).
Eddie Knight, played by Christopher Fairbank, first appears in episode 6831, originally broadcast on 1 January 2024. The character and Fairbank's casting details were announced on 10 December 2023. Eddie is introduced with his wife, Gloria Knight (Elizabeth Counsell), as the adoptive parents of established character George Knight (Colin Salmon). Fairbank and Counsell were contracted for a short stint. The characters' backstory states that Eddie and Gloria have not seen George for over a decade. Chris Clenshaw, the show's executive producer, explained that it would "[become] apparent why George has kept his distance".
The characters' arrival proves a surprise for George and they are introduced with a secret. Clenshaw teased that Eddie and Gloria would be "thrust into the heart of the drama" upon their introduction. Fairbank expressed his joy at joining the show and working with the cast. Clenshaw was excited about the casting of the "legendary and immensely talented" Fairbank and Counsell.
Gloria Knight, played by Elizabeth Counsell, first appears in episode 6831, originally broadcast on 1 January 2024. The character and Counsell's casting details were announced on 10 December 2023. Gloria is introduced with her husband, Eddie Knight (Christopher Fairbank), as the adoptive parents of established character George Knight (Colin Salmon). Counsell and Fairbank were contracted for a short stint. The characters' backstory states that Gloria and Eddie have not seen George for over a decade. Chris Clenshaw, the show's executive producer, explained that it would "[become] apparent why George has kept his distance".
The characters' arrival proves a surprise for George and they are introduced with a secret. Clenshaw teased that Gloria and Eddie would be "thrust into the heart of the drama" upon their introduction. Counsell expressed her joy at joining the show and working with the cast and crew. She was looking forward to working with Salmon again, having previously worked together almost thirty years prior. Clenshaw was excited about the casting of the "legendary and immensely talented" Counsell and Fairbank. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the British soap opera EastEnders in 2024, by order of first appearance. All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer, Chris Clenshaw. The first characters to be introduced are Eddie Knight (Christopher Fairbank) and Gloria Knight (Elizabeth Counsell), the adoptive parents of George Knight (Colin Salmon).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Eddie Knight, played by Christopher Fairbank, first appears in episode 6831, originally broadcast on 1 January 2024. The character and Fairbank's casting details were announced on 10 December 2023. Eddie is introduced with his wife, Gloria Knight (Elizabeth Counsell), as the adoptive parents of established character George Knight (Colin Salmon). Fairbank and Counsell were contracted for a short stint. The characters' backstory states that Eddie and Gloria have not seen George for over a decade. Chris Clenshaw, the show's executive producer, explained that it would \"[become] apparent why George has kept his distance\".",
"title": "Eddie Knight"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The characters' arrival proves a surprise for George and they are introduced with a secret. Clenshaw teased that Eddie and Gloria would be \"thrust into the heart of the drama\" upon their introduction. Fairbank expressed his joy at joining the show and working with the cast. Clenshaw was excited about the casting of the \"legendary and immensely talented\" Fairbank and Counsell.",
"title": "Eddie Knight"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Gloria Knight, played by Elizabeth Counsell, first appears in episode 6831, originally broadcast on 1 January 2024. The character and Counsell's casting details were announced on 10 December 2023. Gloria is introduced with her husband, Eddie Knight (Christopher Fairbank), as the adoptive parents of established character George Knight (Colin Salmon). Counsell and Fairbank were contracted for a short stint. The characters' backstory states that Gloria and Eddie have not seen George for over a decade. Chris Clenshaw, the show's executive producer, explained that it would \"[become] apparent why George has kept his distance\".",
"title": "Gloria Knight"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The characters' arrival proves a surprise for George and they are introduced with a secret. Clenshaw teased that Gloria and Eddie would be \"thrust into the heart of the drama\" upon their introduction. Counsell expressed her joy at joining the show and working with the cast and crew. She was looking forward to working with Salmon again, having previously worked together almost thirty years prior. Clenshaw was excited about the casting of the \"legendary and immensely talented\" Counsell and Fairbank.",
"title": "Gloria Knight"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "Gloria Knight"
}
] | The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the British soap opera EastEnders in 2024, by order of first appearance. All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer, Chris Clenshaw. The first characters to be introduced are Eddie Knight and Gloria Knight, the adoptive parents of George Knight. | 2023-12-10T21:10:21Z | 2023-12-29T21:44:56Z | [
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75,532,904 | Syzygium clusiifolium | Syzygium clusiifolium is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Niue, the Samoan Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna. In Vanuatu it is found on Malakula, Paama, Pentecost, Espiritu Santo, Efate, Aneityum, Aniwa, Tanna, and Hiu.
It is a small to medium-sized tree growing up to 20 meters tall. It has red fruits.
It grows mostly in littoral coastal forest and lowland rainforests, in primary forest, secondary forest, and disturbed areas, up to 300 meters elevation. In the Samoan Islands it also grows on offshore tuff cone volcanic islets.
The fruits are eaten and their seeds dispersed by the Pacific imperial pigeon (Ducula pacifica), and by flying foxes (Pteropus sp.). Fruits are also consumed by introduced rats, which may limit the natural regeneration of the species. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Syzygium clusiifolium is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Niue, the Samoan Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna. In Vanuatu it is found on Malakula, Paama, Pentecost, Espiritu Santo, Efate, Aneityum, Aniwa, Tanna, and Hiu.",
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},
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"text": "It grows mostly in littoral coastal forest and lowland rainforests, in primary forest, secondary forest, and disturbed areas, up to 300 meters elevation. In the Samoan Islands it also grows on offshore tuff cone volcanic islets.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The fruits are eaten and their seeds dispersed by the Pacific imperial pigeon (Ducula pacifica), and by flying foxes (Pteropus sp.). Fruits are also consumed by introduced rats, which may limit the natural regeneration of the species.",
"title": ""
}
] | Syzygium clusiifolium is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Niue, the Samoan Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna. In Vanuatu it is found on Malakula, Paama, Pentecost, Espiritu Santo, Efate, Aneityum, Aniwa, Tanna, and Hiu. It is a small to medium-sized tree growing up to 20 meters tall. It has red fruits. It grows mostly in littoral coastal forest and lowland rainforests, in primary forest, secondary forest, and disturbed areas, up to 300 meters elevation. In the Samoan Islands it also grows on offshore tuff cone volcanic islets. The fruits are eaten and their seeds dispersed by the Pacific imperial pigeon, and by flying foxes. Fruits are also consumed by introduced rats, which may limit the natural regeneration of the species. | 2023-12-10T21:11:06Z | 2023-12-13T17:07:07Z | [
"Template:Short description",
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"Template:Reflist",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium_clusiifolium |
75,532,908 | Joeri Pool | Joeri Pool (born 22 February 1993) is a Dutch politician of the Party for Freedom (PVV). He was a member of the Provincial Council of Overijssel from 2019 to 2023 and has been a member of the House of Representatives since 6 December 2023. He is currently the PVV's spokesman on defense and national security.
Pool was born in Zwolle in 1993. He attended the Koninklijke Militaire Academie (Royal Military Academy) in Breda on an army officer training course before studying a bachelor's degree in history and then a master's degree in political science at the Utrecht University. After graduating he worked within the IT sector.
Pool worked as a senior policy officer for the PVV's parliamentary faction and was elected to the Provincial Council of Overijssel in 2019. In 2021, he submitted an application to become mayor in his hometown of Kampen becoming the first PVV politician to directly seek mayorship and said his decision was due to crime and antisocial behaviour from residents of a nearby asylum centre.
During the 2023 Dutch general election, Pool was elected to the House of Representatives on the PVV's list. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Joeri Pool (born 22 February 1993) is a Dutch politician of the Party for Freedom (PVV). He was a member of the Provincial Council of Overijssel from 2019 to 2023 and has been a member of the House of Representatives since 6 December 2023. He is currently the PVV's spokesman on defense and national security.",
"title": ""
},
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"title": "Biography"
},
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"text": "Pool worked as a senior policy officer for the PVV's parliamentary faction and was elected to the Provincial Council of Overijssel in 2019. In 2021, he submitted an application to become mayor in his hometown of Kampen becoming the first PVV politician to directly seek mayorship and said his decision was due to crime and antisocial behaviour from residents of a nearby asylum centre.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "During the 2023 Dutch general election, Pool was elected to the House of Representatives on the PVV's list.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Joeri Pool is a Dutch politician of the Party for Freedom (PVV). He was a member of the Provincial Council of Overijssel from 2019 to 2023 and has been a member of the House of Representatives since 6 December 2023. He is currently the PVV's spokesman on defense and national security. | 2023-12-10T21:12:19Z | 2023-12-28T01:49:00Z | [
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75,532,912 | Bruce Fetter | Bruce Sigmund Fetter (8 June 1938 – 20 April 2017) was an American academic historian, social scientist, and Africanist. His particular research interests lay in the field of urban history, historical demography, and subsequently public health. Fetter was a professor of history at University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee from 1967 to 2009.
Fetter was born in Ashland, Kentucky in the United States on 8 June 1938. He pursued undergraduate studies at Harvard University in 1960 and gained a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) from Oxford University. He gained a doctorate from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1968 dealing with the urban history of Lubumbashi (formerly Elisabethville) under Belgian colonial rule entitled "Elisabethville and Lubumbashi: The Segmented Growth of a Colonial City, 1910–1945". His supervisor was Jan Vansina.
After finishing his doctoral studies, Fetter received tenure at the University of Wisconsin-Milawuakee in 1967. His doctoral thesis was published as The Creation of Elisabethville, 1910–1940 (1976) and has been described as "the first book-length study of a colonial African city". Fetter continued to research and write about the history of Central Africa. He co-edited an anthology of primary sources entitled Colonial Rule in Africa (1979) and wrote Colonial Rule and Regional Imbalance in Central Africa (1983). He remained interested in urban history and was co-editor of the journal Urbanism Past and Present from 1975 to 1985.
Subsequently, Fetter became increasingly interested in historical demography and public health. He co-edited Demography from Scanty Evidence: Central Africa in the Colonial Era (1990) which received enthusiastic reviews.
Fetter died of cancer at Milwaukee, Wisconsin on 20 April 2017, aged 78. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Bruce Sigmund Fetter (8 June 1938 – 20 April 2017) was an American academic historian, social scientist, and Africanist. His particular research interests lay in the field of urban history, historical demography, and subsequently public health. Fetter was a professor of history at University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee from 1967 to 2009.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Fetter was born in Ashland, Kentucky in the United States on 8 June 1938. He pursued undergraduate studies at Harvard University in 1960 and gained a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) from Oxford University. He gained a doctorate from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1968 dealing with the urban history of Lubumbashi (formerly Elisabethville) under Belgian colonial rule entitled \"Elisabethville and Lubumbashi: The Segmented Growth of a Colonial City, 1910–1945\". His supervisor was Jan Vansina.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After finishing his doctoral studies, Fetter received tenure at the University of Wisconsin-Milawuakee in 1967. His doctoral thesis was published as The Creation of Elisabethville, 1910–1940 (1976) and has been described as \"the first book-length study of a colonial African city\". Fetter continued to research and write about the history of Central Africa. He co-edited an anthology of primary sources entitled Colonial Rule in Africa (1979) and wrote Colonial Rule and Regional Imbalance in Central Africa (1983). He remained interested in urban history and was co-editor of the journal Urbanism Past and Present from 1975 to 1985.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Subsequently, Fetter became increasingly interested in historical demography and public health. He co-edited Demography from Scanty Evidence: Central Africa in the Colonial Era (1990) which received enthusiastic reviews.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Fetter died of cancer at Milwaukee, Wisconsin on 20 April 2017, aged 78.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Bruce Sigmund Fetter was an American academic historian, social scientist, and Africanist. His particular research interests lay in the field of urban history, historical demography, and subsequently public health. Fetter was a professor of history at University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee from 1967 to 2009. | 2023-12-10T21:12:50Z | 2023-12-13T10:16:53Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Fetter |
75,532,918 | 2015–16 in Ukrainian football | The 2015–16 season was the 25th season of competitive association football in Ukraine since dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Note: For all scratched clubs, see section Clubs removed for more details
Note: For all scratched clubs, see section Clubs removed for more details
2015 Vyshcha Liha (women) | [
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"text": "2015 Vyshcha Liha (women)",
"title": "Women's club football"
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] | The 2015–16 season was the 25th season of competitive association football in Ukraine since dissolution of the Soviet Union. | 2023-12-10T21:14:37Z | 2023-12-29T21:17:17Z | [
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75,532,924 | Kobina Daniel Gwira | Kobina Daniel Gwira was a Ghanaian diplomat and activist lawyer.
Gwira was born on 2 January 1923 and hailed from Sekondi in the Western Region of Ghana. He attended St Pauls E. C. M School for his basic education and further went to Adisadel College. He had a diploma in public administration from 1953 to 1954 at Trinity College Dublin. He also attended the King's Inn.
Gwira was a lawyer by profession. In 1953, he was called to the Irish Bar.
Gwira served as the High Commissioner of Ghana to Sierra Leone.
Gwira was the son of Daniel Essuon Gwira. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Kobina Daniel Gwira was a Ghanaian diplomat and activist lawyer.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Gwira was born on 2 January 1923 and hailed from Sekondi in the Western Region of Ghana. He attended St Pauls E. C. M School for his basic education and further went to Adisadel College. He had a diploma in public administration from 1953 to 1954 at Trinity College Dublin. He also attended the King's Inn.",
"title": "Early life and education"
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"text": "Gwira was a lawyer by profession. In 1953, he was called to the Irish Bar.",
"title": "Career"
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"text": "Gwira served as the High Commissioner of Ghana to Sierra Leone.",
"title": "Ambassadorial role"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Gwira was the son of Daniel Essuon Gwira.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Kobina Daniel Gwira was a Ghanaian diplomat and activist lawyer. | 2023-12-10T21:15:07Z | 2023-12-17T17:40:07Z | [
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75,532,925 | List of Rolling Stones band members | The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962, their first stable line-up included vocalist Mick Jagger, guitarist and vocalist Keith Richards, multi-instrumentalist Brian Jones, bassist Bill Wyman and drummer Charlie Watts. The band currently consists of Jagger and Richards alongside guitarist Ronnie Wood (since 1975), and touring members keyboardist Chuck Leavell (since 1982), backing vocalist Bernard Fowler (since 1989), keyboardist Matt Clifford (who first joined in 1989), bassist Darryl Jones (since 1994), saxophonists Tim Ries (since 1999) and Karl Denson (since 2014), drummer Steve Jordan (since 2021) and female vocalist Chanel Haynes (since 2022).
Jagger and Richard first met when they became classmates in 1950 at Dartford, Kent. When Jagger's family moved to Wilmington, Kent in 1954, Jagger formed a garage band with his friend Dick Taylor, who would later be an early bassist for the band. Jagger next met Richards on 17 October 1961 on platform two of Dartford railway station, when they realised they had a shared musical interest, they formed a musical partnership. Richards and Taylor often met Jagger at his house. The meetings moved to Taylor's house in late 1961, where Alan Etherington and Bob Beckwith joined the trio; the quintet called themselves the Blues Boys. The Blues Boys sent a tape of their best recordings to Alexis Korner, who was impressed. On 7 April, they visited the Ealing Jazz Club, where they met the members of Blues Incorporated, who included slide guitarist Brian Jones, keyboardist Ian Stewart, and drummer Charlie Watts. After a meeting with Korner, Jagger and Richards started jamming with the group.
Having left Blues Incorporated, Jones advertised for bandmates in Jazz Weekly in the week of 2 May 1962. Ian Stewart was among the first to respond to the ad. In June, Jagger, Taylor, and Richards left Blues Incorporated to join Jones and Stewart. That same month, the addition of the drummer Tony Chapman, replacing temporary drummers Carlo Little and Mick Avory. completed the line-up of Jagger (vocals), Richards (guitar), Jones (guitar), Stewart (piano), and Taylor (bass).
The band played their first show billed as "the Rollin' Stones" on 12 July 1962, at the Marquee Club in London. At the time, the band consisted of Jones, Jagger, Richards, Stewart, and Taylor. Bill Wyman auditioned for the role of bass guitarist at a pub in Chelsea on 7 December 1962 and was hired as a successor to Dick Taylor, after Colin Golding and Ricky Fenson had stints with the band. The classic line-up of the Rolling Stones, with Charlie Watts on drums, played for the first time in public on Saturday, 12 January 1963, at the Ealing Jazz Club. However, it was not until a gig there on 2 February 1963 that Watts became the Stones' permanent drummer.
In May 1963, the Rolling Stones signed Andrew Loog Oldham as their manager. Stewart left the official line-up, due to not matching the band's image, "being too old" and six being too many members. Stewart remained the road manager and touring keyboardist. This line-up remained stable until June 1969, when Jones was fired due to his heavy drug use which limited his contributions in the studio and made him unable to obtain a US visa for touring, On 3 July 1969, less than a month later, Jones drowned under mysterious circumstances in the swimming pool at his home, Cotchford Farm, in Hartfield, East Sussex. The band auditioned several guitarists, including Paul Kossoff, as a replacement for Jones, before settling on Mick Taylor, who was recommended to Jagger by John Mayall.
The Rolling Stones were scheduled to play at a free concert for Blackhill Enterprises in London's Hyde Park, two days after Jones' death; they decided to go ahead with the show as a tribute to him. This was Taylor's first live performance with the band. Taylor's first album with the band was Let It Bleed in late 1969, with posthumous contributions from Jones.
For the band's 1970 European Tour, they we joined by Bobby Keys on saxophone and Jim Price on trumpet and trombone. For their 1971 UK tour they were joined by pianist Nicky Hopkins, who took over duties from Stewart temporarily, though he later returned for the bands 1972 American tour, playing on select songs. After the band's Pacific tour 1973, Price and Hopkins departed the touring band. For the European tour, the band was joined by Steve Madaio on trumpet and flugelhorn, Billy Preston on keyboards and vocals, Trevor Lawrence on saxophone. Manuel Kellough (percussion) and Marshall Chess (trumpet) also joined the band for certain dates. Keys departed on 30 September 1973, clean up from drink and drugs. This tour was also the last for Taylor before he quit at the end of 1974, due to him not feeling like he fit in.
The band auditioned several guitarists to replaced Taylor, including Peter Frampton, Jeff Beck, Robert A. Johnson, Shuggie Otis and Rory Gallagher. Black and Blue session contributors Wayne Perkins and Harvey Mandel also auditioned but were not successful. The band later settled on Ronnie Wood. For the band's Tour of the Americas '75, they were joined by the returning Preston and Stewart alongside percussionist Ollie E. Brown, These musicians also joined the band for their Tour of Europe '76.
For the band's US Tour 1978, they were joined by Stewart and Ian McLagan (who had played with Wood in Faces). These two musicians stayed for the band's American Tour 1981, alongside saxophonist Lee Allen who was replaced by Ernie Watts and the returning Bobby Keys. McLagan was replaced by Chuck Leavell for the European Tour 1982, as well as second saxophonist Gene Barge, It was also the last tour for Ian Stewart who died in December 1985.
The band did not tour again until 1989, when they embarked on the Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tour, which ran until 1990. The tour included an extended touring band with Leavell and Keys returning, and new members second keyboardist Matt Clifford, backing vocalist Bernard Fowler and the Uptown Horns (Arno Hecht (saxophone), Bob Funk (trombone), Crispin Ciole (saxophone) and Paul Litteral (trumpet). For the North America and Japanese legs; they were joined by backing vocalists Lisa Fischer, Cindy Mizelle and Pamela Quinlan, and Lorelei McBroom and Sophia Jones for the European tour. This tour was their last with Wyman who left the band in January 1993. Wyman was not officially replaced.
For the band's Bridges to Babylon Tour in 1997, the tour band included the returning Leavell, Keys, Fowler, and Fischer, as well as new members Darryl Jones (bass), Andy Snitzer (saxophone, keyboards), Michael Davis (trombone), Kent Smith (trumpet) and Blondie Chaplin (backing vocals, percussion, guitar). The same musicians, except Snitzer who was replaced by Tim Ries, played on all tours from the No Security Tour in 1999, to the A Bigger Bang Tour from 2005 to 2007. Following the end of the tour in 2007, Chaplin departed. The band did not tour again until 2012, with Matt Clifford rejoining. The tour also included many guests, including former members Bill Wyman and Mick Taylor. Taylor continued to make appearances on the 14 On Fire in 2014, it was also the last tour of Bobby Keys who was replaced by Karl Denson for dates in October and November before Keys' death in December. Fischer departed after the Zip Code tour in 2015, and was replaced by Sasha Allen.
In 2017, the band embarked on the No Filter Tour with the same touring band; this tour continued until 2019, after which shows in 2020 were postponed due to the coronavirus pandemic. Dates were rescheduled to September 2021, and were the first since 1963, without Charlie Watts who had to undergo a medical procedure and died before the final leg of the tour. The band confirmed on 26 August that the tour would continue as planned, and Steve Jordan will take his place in the line-up for the remainder of the tour.
Jordan continued to drum with the band for the Sixty Tour, which included the same band, with Sasha Allen being replaced by Chanel Haynes on 21 June 2022. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962, their first stable line-up included vocalist Mick Jagger, guitarist and vocalist Keith Richards, multi-instrumentalist Brian Jones, bassist Bill Wyman and drummer Charlie Watts. The band currently consists of Jagger and Richards alongside guitarist Ronnie Wood (since 1975), and touring members keyboardist Chuck Leavell (since 1982), backing vocalist Bernard Fowler (since 1989), keyboardist Matt Clifford (who first joined in 1989), bassist Darryl Jones (since 1994), saxophonists Tim Ries (since 1999) and Karl Denson (since 2014), drummer Steve Jordan (since 2021) and female vocalist Chanel Haynes (since 2022).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Jagger and Richard first met when they became classmates in 1950 at Dartford, Kent. When Jagger's family moved to Wilmington, Kent in 1954, Jagger formed a garage band with his friend Dick Taylor, who would later be an early bassist for the band. Jagger next met Richards on 17 October 1961 on platform two of Dartford railway station, when they realised they had a shared musical interest, they formed a musical partnership. Richards and Taylor often met Jagger at his house. The meetings moved to Taylor's house in late 1961, where Alan Etherington and Bob Beckwith joined the trio; the quintet called themselves the Blues Boys. The Blues Boys sent a tape of their best recordings to Alexis Korner, who was impressed. On 7 April, they visited the Ealing Jazz Club, where they met the members of Blues Incorporated, who included slide guitarist Brian Jones, keyboardist Ian Stewart, and drummer Charlie Watts. After a meeting with Korner, Jagger and Richards started jamming with the group.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Having left Blues Incorporated, Jones advertised for bandmates in Jazz Weekly in the week of 2 May 1962. Ian Stewart was among the first to respond to the ad. In June, Jagger, Taylor, and Richards left Blues Incorporated to join Jones and Stewart. That same month, the addition of the drummer Tony Chapman, replacing temporary drummers Carlo Little and Mick Avory. completed the line-up of Jagger (vocals), Richards (guitar), Jones (guitar), Stewart (piano), and Taylor (bass).",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The band played their first show billed as \"the Rollin' Stones\" on 12 July 1962, at the Marquee Club in London. At the time, the band consisted of Jones, Jagger, Richards, Stewart, and Taylor. Bill Wyman auditioned for the role of bass guitarist at a pub in Chelsea on 7 December 1962 and was hired as a successor to Dick Taylor, after Colin Golding and Ricky Fenson had stints with the band. The classic line-up of the Rolling Stones, with Charlie Watts on drums, played for the first time in public on Saturday, 12 January 1963, at the Ealing Jazz Club. However, it was not until a gig there on 2 February 1963 that Watts became the Stones' permanent drummer.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In May 1963, the Rolling Stones signed Andrew Loog Oldham as their manager. Stewart left the official line-up, due to not matching the band's image, \"being too old\" and six being too many members. Stewart remained the road manager and touring keyboardist. This line-up remained stable until June 1969, when Jones was fired due to his heavy drug use which limited his contributions in the studio and made him unable to obtain a US visa for touring, On 3 July 1969, less than a month later, Jones drowned under mysterious circumstances in the swimming pool at his home, Cotchford Farm, in Hartfield, East Sussex. The band auditioned several guitarists, including Paul Kossoff, as a replacement for Jones, before settling on Mick Taylor, who was recommended to Jagger by John Mayall.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Rolling Stones were scheduled to play at a free concert for Blackhill Enterprises in London's Hyde Park, two days after Jones' death; they decided to go ahead with the show as a tribute to him. This was Taylor's first live performance with the band. Taylor's first album with the band was Let It Bleed in late 1969, with posthumous contributions from Jones.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "For the band's 1970 European Tour, they we joined by Bobby Keys on saxophone and Jim Price on trumpet and trombone. For their 1971 UK tour they were joined by pianist Nicky Hopkins, who took over duties from Stewart temporarily, though he later returned for the bands 1972 American tour, playing on select songs. After the band's Pacific tour 1973, Price and Hopkins departed the touring band. For the European tour, the band was joined by Steve Madaio on trumpet and flugelhorn, Billy Preston on keyboards and vocals, Trevor Lawrence on saxophone. Manuel Kellough (percussion) and Marshall Chess (trumpet) also joined the band for certain dates. Keys departed on 30 September 1973, clean up from drink and drugs. This tour was also the last for Taylor before he quit at the end of 1974, due to him not feeling like he fit in.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The band auditioned several guitarists to replaced Taylor, including Peter Frampton, Jeff Beck, Robert A. Johnson, Shuggie Otis and Rory Gallagher. Black and Blue session contributors Wayne Perkins and Harvey Mandel also auditioned but were not successful. The band later settled on Ronnie Wood. For the band's Tour of the Americas '75, they were joined by the returning Preston and Stewart alongside percussionist Ollie E. Brown, These musicians also joined the band for their Tour of Europe '76.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "For the band's US Tour 1978, they were joined by Stewart and Ian McLagan (who had played with Wood in Faces). These two musicians stayed for the band's American Tour 1981, alongside saxophonist Lee Allen who was replaced by Ernie Watts and the returning Bobby Keys. McLagan was replaced by Chuck Leavell for the European Tour 1982, as well as second saxophonist Gene Barge, It was also the last tour for Ian Stewart who died in December 1985.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The band did not tour again until 1989, when they embarked on the Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tour, which ran until 1990. The tour included an extended touring band with Leavell and Keys returning, and new members second keyboardist Matt Clifford, backing vocalist Bernard Fowler and the Uptown Horns (Arno Hecht (saxophone), Bob Funk (trombone), Crispin Ciole (saxophone) and Paul Litteral (trumpet). For the North America and Japanese legs; they were joined by backing vocalists Lisa Fischer, Cindy Mizelle and Pamela Quinlan, and Lorelei McBroom and Sophia Jones for the European tour. This tour was their last with Wyman who left the band in January 1993. Wyman was not officially replaced.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "For the band's Bridges to Babylon Tour in 1997, the tour band included the returning Leavell, Keys, Fowler, and Fischer, as well as new members Darryl Jones (bass), Andy Snitzer (saxophone, keyboards), Michael Davis (trombone), Kent Smith (trumpet) and Blondie Chaplin (backing vocals, percussion, guitar). The same musicians, except Snitzer who was replaced by Tim Ries, played on all tours from the No Security Tour in 1999, to the A Bigger Bang Tour from 2005 to 2007. Following the end of the tour in 2007, Chaplin departed. The band did not tour again until 2012, with Matt Clifford rejoining. The tour also included many guests, including former members Bill Wyman and Mick Taylor. Taylor continued to make appearances on the 14 On Fire in 2014, it was also the last tour of Bobby Keys who was replaced by Karl Denson for dates in October and November before Keys' death in December. Fischer departed after the Zip Code tour in 2015, and was replaced by Sasha Allen.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In 2017, the band embarked on the No Filter Tour with the same touring band; this tour continued until 2019, after which shows in 2020 were postponed due to the coronavirus pandemic. Dates were rescheduled to September 2021, and were the first since 1963, without Charlie Watts who had to undergo a medical procedure and died before the final leg of the tour. The band confirmed on 26 August that the tour would continue as planned, and Steve Jordan will take his place in the line-up for the remainder of the tour.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Jordan continued to drum with the band for the Sixty Tour, which included the same band, with Sasha Allen being replaced by Chanel Haynes on 21 June 2022.",
"title": "History"
}
] | The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962, their first stable line-up included vocalist Mick Jagger, guitarist and vocalist Keith Richards, multi-instrumentalist Brian Jones, bassist Bill Wyman and drummer Charlie Watts. The band currently consists of Jagger and Richards alongside guitarist Ronnie Wood, and touring members keyboardist Chuck Leavell, backing vocalist Bernard Fowler, keyboardist Matt Clifford, bassist Darryl Jones, saxophonists Tim Ries and Karl Denson, drummer Steve Jordan and female vocalist Chanel Haynes. | 2023-12-10T21:15:18Z | 2023-12-29T19:50:59Z | [
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75,532,935 | Cary Silkin | Cary Silkin is an American professional wrestling promoter. He was the owner of Ring of Honor from 2002 to 2011 and served as an ambassador for the promotion from 2011 to 2022. In 2022 he became the inaugural winner of the promotions Hall of Fame Legacy Award.
Silkin grew up as a wrestling fan during the reign of Bruno Sammartino in WWWF.
Silkin owned the promotion Ring of Honor from 2002 when he bought it from Doug Gentry, until 2011 when it was sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group. Afterwards he worked for the company as an ambassador between 2011 and 2022 before retiring. In 2022 he appeared on screen for All Elite Wrestling's television show AEW Dynamite. Later on in September that year he was storyline attacked by Chris Jericho.
Silkin was a user of cocaine in the 80s.
In October 2023 Silkin was briefly hospitalized. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Cary Silkin is an American professional wrestling promoter. He was the owner of Ring of Honor from 2002 to 2011 and served as an ambassador for the promotion from 2011 to 2022. In 2022 he became the inaugural winner of the promotions Hall of Fame Legacy Award.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Silkin grew up as a wrestling fan during the reign of Bruno Sammartino in WWWF.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Silkin owned the promotion Ring of Honor from 2002 when he bought it from Doug Gentry, until 2011 when it was sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group. Afterwards he worked for the company as an ambassador between 2011 and 2022 before retiring. In 2022 he appeared on screen for All Elite Wrestling's television show AEW Dynamite. Later on in September that year he was storyline attacked by Chris Jericho.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Silkin was a user of cocaine in the 80s.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In October 2023 Silkin was briefly hospitalized.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Cary Silkin is an American professional wrestling promoter. He was the owner of Ring of Honor from 2002 to 2011 and served as an ambassador for the promotion from 2011 to 2022. In 2022 he became the inaugural winner of the promotions Hall of Fame Legacy Award. | 2023-12-10T21:17:45Z | 2023-12-17T17:27:00Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cary_Silkin |
75,532,958 | Faraar | [] | 2023-12-10T21:20:01Z | 2023-12-10T21:27:28Z | [
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75,532,972 | Cycling at the 2023 Parapan American Games | Cycling competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held between 19 and 25 November 2023 at two venues across Santiago. The Streets of Isla de Maipo and Santiago were held the road competitions, while the velodrome were held the track cycling competitions.
26 medal events were contested, 16 in road cycling and ten in track cycling. Each discipline is gender neutral in terms of events.
There are 80 cyclists from 17 nations participating.
* Host nation (Chile) | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Cycling competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held between 19 and 25 November 2023 at two venues across Santiago. The Streets of Isla de Maipo and Santiago were held the road competitions, while the velodrome were held the track cycling competitions.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "26 medal events were contested, 16 in road cycling and ten in track cycling. Each discipline is gender neutral in terms of events.",
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"title": "Participating nations"
},
{
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"text": "* Host nation (Chile)",
"title": "Medal table"
}
] | Cycling competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held between 19 and 25 November 2023 at two venues across Santiago. The Streets of Isla de Maipo and Santiago were held the road competitions, while the velodrome were held the track cycling competitions. 26 medal events were contested, 16 in road cycling and ten in track cycling. Each discipline is gender neutral in terms of events. | 2023-12-10T21:22:52Z | 2024-01-01T00:51:32Z | [
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75,532,993 | Syzygium corynocarpum | Syzygium corynocarpum is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Fiji, Niue, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna. It has been introduced to the Samoan Islands.
It is a small tree native to lowland forest. It is common in Fiji. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Syzygium corynocarpum is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Fiji, Niue, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna. It has been introduced to the Samoan Islands.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It is a small tree native to lowland forest. It is common in Fiji.",
"title": ""
}
] | Syzygium corynocarpum is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Fiji, Niue, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna. It has been introduced to the Samoan Islands. It is a small tree native to lowland forest. It is common in Fiji. | 2023-12-10T21:26:18Z | 2023-12-13T15:58:10Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium_corynocarpum |
75,532,995 | Magnetic resonance fingerprinting | Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is methodology in quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characterized by a pseudo-randomized acquisition strategy. It involves creating unique signal patterns or 'fingerprints' for different materials or tissues after which a pattern recognition algorithm matches these fingerprints with a predefined dictionary of expected signal patterns. This process translates the data into quantitative maps, revealing information about the magnetic properties being investigated.
MRF has shown promise in providing reproducible and quantitative measurements, offering potential advantages in terms of objectivity in tissue diagnosis, comparability across different scans and locations, and the development of imaging biomarkers. The technology has been explored in various clinical applications, including brain, prostate, liver, cardiac, and musculoskeletal imaging, as well as the measurement of perfusion and microvascular properties through MR vascular fingerprinting.
In practical magnetic resonance acquisitions, measurements are often qualitative or 'weighted,' lacking inherent quantifiability. Factors like scanner type, setup, and detectors contribute to varying signal intensities for the same material across datasets. Current clinical MRI relies on terms like 'hyperintense' or 'hypointense,' lacking quantitative severity indicators and global sensitivity. Although quantitative multiparametric acquisition has been a research goal, existing methods often focus on single parameters, demand substantial scan time, and are sensitive to system imperfections. Simultaneous multiparametric measurements are generally impractical due to time constraints and experimental conditions. Consequently, qualitative magnetic resonance measurements remain the prevalent standard, especially in clinical settings.
MRF is connected to compressed sensing and shares expected benefits. Initial findings suggest that MRF could provide fully quantitative results in a time similar to traditional qualitative MRI, with reduced sensitivity to measurement errors. Importantly, MRF has the potential to simultaneously quantify numerous MRI parameters given sufficient scan time, expanding capabilities compared to current MRI techniques. This opens possibilities for computer-aided multiparametric MRI analyses, like genomics or proteomics, detecting complex changes across various parameters simultaneously. When paired with a suitable pattern recognition algorithm, MRF exhibits enhanced resilience to noise and acquisition errors, mitigating their impact.
MRF involves a three-step process: data acquisition, pattern matching, and tissue property visualization. During data acquisition, MR system settings are intentionally varied in a pseudorandom manner to create unique signal evolutions or "fingerprints" for each combination of tissue properties. Individual voxel fingerprints are compared with a simulated collection in a generated dictionary for the MRF sequence. The best match is selected through pattern matching, and the identified tissue properties are depicted as pixel-wise maps, providing quantitative and anatomical information. Originally designed for T1, T2, static magnetic field (B0) inhomogeneity, and proton density M0 measurements, recent advancements have demonstrated the feasibility of measuring additional properties such as radio frequency transmit field inhomogeneity (B1), T2* properties.
Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) unlike MRI, dynamically varies acquisition parameters throughout the process. Unlike traditional methods that repetitively use the same parameters until full k-space data are acquired, MRF's flexible approach involves adjusting radiofrequency excitation angle (FA), phase, repetition time, and k-space sampling trajectory. This dynamic variation generates a unique signal time-course for each tissue, and proper sequence design is crucial for achieving useful, time-efficient, accurate, precise, and clinically relevant information.
Despite significant under-sampling, the signal evolution from all data points allows accurate and repeatable quantitative mapping. Spatio-temporal incoherence of under-sampling artifacts is a key consideration in designing the sampling strategy. Spiral or radial trajectories are commonly used for their higher spatial incoherence and sampling efficiency. Echo-planar imaging (EPI) and Cartesian trajectories have also demonstrated utility in the MRF framework. The trajectory re-ordering can be sequential, uniformly rotated, or random, depending on the sequence type and application.
MRF provides a flexible framework, theoretically allowing any sequence structure to be adopted for obtaining relevant tissue properties. The original MRF description was based on inversion recovery prepared balanced steady-state free precession (IR-bSSFP), sensitive to T1, T2, and static field (B0) inhomogeneity. Subsequent adaptations introduced various sequences, each addressing limitations, conferring advantages, or measuring additional tissue properties.
Pattern matching in MRF involves comparing the patterns of signal evolutions from individual tissue voxels with entries in a precomputed dictionary of possible signal evolutions for the specific MRF sequence. This dictionary is generated using mathematical algorithms predicting spin behavior and signal evolution during the acquisition. Various models, such as Bloch Equations simulations and the extended phase graph formalism, have been employed to create these databases. More complex models have been used in MR vascular fingerprinting (MRvF) and Arterial Spin Labeling (MRF-ASL) perfusion to generate fingerprints for pattern matching.
Pattern matching introduces a degree of error tolerance, as long as the errors are spatially and temporally incoherent. In the original MRF acquisition, template matching involved calculating the vector-dot product of the acquired signal with each simulated fingerprint signal. The dictionary entry with the highest dot product was considered the best match, and the corresponding T1, T2, and B0 values were assigned to that voxel. The M0 value was determined as the multiplicative factor between the acquired and simulated fingerprints. This process proved time-efficient, accurate (showing good correlation with phantom values), precise, and insensitive to motion artifacts.
The collection of fingerprints may be generated once for each sequence and applied universally or individually for each patient, depending on the organ or physiological properties under evaluation. To enhance the speed, robustness, and accuracy of pattern matching and visualization, efforts have been directed toward speeding up the process. Compression methods in the time dimension or the application of fast group matching algorithms have been explored, resulting in a time reduction factor of 3–5 times with less than a 2% decrease in the accuracy of tissue property estimation.
Cardiac MRF has focused on myocardial tissue property mapping, offering simultaneous estimation of T1, T2, and M0 values with good concordance to conventional mapping methods. Future developments aim to reduce scan time, achieve volumetric acquisition for whole-heart coverage, and optimize M0 values.
In brain relaxometry studies, MRF has shown good correlation for T1 and T2 values of grey and white matter. Studies have demonstrated its ability to simultaneously estimate T1 and T2 values for different brain regions, providing fast and regional relaxometry with correlations to age and gender. MRF has been employed in characterizing and differentiating intra-axial brain tumors, offering a valuable tool for distinguishing gliomas and metastases.
Adopting MRF for abdominal imaging presents unique challenges, including the need for fast sequences, high spatial resolution, and compensation for B0 and B1 inhomogeneities. Approaches like measuring B1 variation through separate scans and incorporating it into the dictionary simulation have been proposed, enabling successful application in abdominal imaging, even in the presence of liver metastases. | [
{
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"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "MRF has shown promise in providing reproducible and quantitative measurements, offering potential advantages in terms of objectivity in tissue diagnosis, comparability across different scans and locations, and the development of imaging biomarkers. The technology has been explored in various clinical applications, including brain, prostate, liver, cardiac, and musculoskeletal imaging, as well as the measurement of perfusion and microvascular properties through MR vascular fingerprinting.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "In practical magnetic resonance acquisitions, measurements are often qualitative or 'weighted,' lacking inherent quantifiability. Factors like scanner type, setup, and detectors contribute to varying signal intensities for the same material across datasets. Current clinical MRI relies on terms like 'hyperintense' or 'hypointense,' lacking quantitative severity indicators and global sensitivity. Although quantitative multiparametric acquisition has been a research goal, existing methods often focus on single parameters, demand substantial scan time, and are sensitive to system imperfections. Simultaneous multiparametric measurements are generally impractical due to time constraints and experimental conditions. Consequently, qualitative magnetic resonance measurements remain the prevalent standard, especially in clinical settings.",
"title": "Motivation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "MRF is connected to compressed sensing and shares expected benefits. Initial findings suggest that MRF could provide fully quantitative results in a time similar to traditional qualitative MRI, with reduced sensitivity to measurement errors. Importantly, MRF has the potential to simultaneously quantify numerous MRI parameters given sufficient scan time, expanding capabilities compared to current MRI techniques. This opens possibilities for computer-aided multiparametric MRI analyses, like genomics or proteomics, detecting complex changes across various parameters simultaneously. When paired with a suitable pattern recognition algorithm, MRF exhibits enhanced resilience to noise and acquisition errors, mitigating their impact.",
"title": "Motivation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "MRF involves a three-step process: data acquisition, pattern matching, and tissue property visualization. During data acquisition, MR system settings are intentionally varied in a pseudorandom manner to create unique signal evolutions or \"fingerprints\" for each combination of tissue properties. Individual voxel fingerprints are compared with a simulated collection in a generated dictionary for the MRF sequence. The best match is selected through pattern matching, and the identified tissue properties are depicted as pixel-wise maps, providing quantitative and anatomical information. Originally designed for T1, T2, static magnetic field (B0) inhomogeneity, and proton density M0 measurements, recent advancements have demonstrated the feasibility of measuring additional properties such as radio frequency transmit field inhomogeneity (B1), T2* properties.",
"title": "Working principle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) unlike MRI, dynamically varies acquisition parameters throughout the process. Unlike traditional methods that repetitively use the same parameters until full k-space data are acquired, MRF's flexible approach involves adjusting radiofrequency excitation angle (FA), phase, repetition time, and k-space sampling trajectory. This dynamic variation generates a unique signal time-course for each tissue, and proper sequence design is crucial for achieving useful, time-efficient, accurate, precise, and clinically relevant information.",
"title": "Working principle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Despite significant under-sampling, the signal evolution from all data points allows accurate and repeatable quantitative mapping. Spatio-temporal incoherence of under-sampling artifacts is a key consideration in designing the sampling strategy. Spiral or radial trajectories are commonly used for their higher spatial incoherence and sampling efficiency. Echo-planar imaging (EPI) and Cartesian trajectories have also demonstrated utility in the MRF framework. The trajectory re-ordering can be sequential, uniformly rotated, or random, depending on the sequence type and application.",
"title": "Working principle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "MRF provides a flexible framework, theoretically allowing any sequence structure to be adopted for obtaining relevant tissue properties. The original MRF description was based on inversion recovery prepared balanced steady-state free precession (IR-bSSFP), sensitive to T1, T2, and static field (B0) inhomogeneity. Subsequent adaptations introduced various sequences, each addressing limitations, conferring advantages, or measuring additional tissue properties.",
"title": "Working principle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Pattern matching in MRF involves comparing the patterns of signal evolutions from individual tissue voxels with entries in a precomputed dictionary of possible signal evolutions for the specific MRF sequence. This dictionary is generated using mathematical algorithms predicting spin behavior and signal evolution during the acquisition. Various models, such as Bloch Equations simulations and the extended phase graph formalism, have been employed to create these databases. More complex models have been used in MR vascular fingerprinting (MRvF) and Arterial Spin Labeling (MRF-ASL) perfusion to generate fingerprints for pattern matching.",
"title": "Working principle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Pattern matching introduces a degree of error tolerance, as long as the errors are spatially and temporally incoherent. In the original MRF acquisition, template matching involved calculating the vector-dot product of the acquired signal with each simulated fingerprint signal. The dictionary entry with the highest dot product was considered the best match, and the corresponding T1, T2, and B0 values were assigned to that voxel. The M0 value was determined as the multiplicative factor between the acquired and simulated fingerprints. This process proved time-efficient, accurate (showing good correlation with phantom values), precise, and insensitive to motion artifacts.",
"title": "Working principle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The collection of fingerprints may be generated once for each sequence and applied universally or individually for each patient, depending on the organ or physiological properties under evaluation. To enhance the speed, robustness, and accuracy of pattern matching and visualization, efforts have been directed toward speeding up the process. Compression methods in the time dimension or the application of fast group matching algorithms have been explored, resulting in a time reduction factor of 3–5 times with less than a 2% decrease in the accuracy of tissue property estimation.",
"title": "Working principle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Cardiac MRF has focused on myocardial tissue property mapping, offering simultaneous estimation of T1, T2, and M0 values with good concordance to conventional mapping methods. Future developments aim to reduce scan time, achieve volumetric acquisition for whole-heart coverage, and optimize M0 values.",
"title": "Clinical applications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In brain relaxometry studies, MRF has shown good correlation for T1 and T2 values of grey and white matter. Studies have demonstrated its ability to simultaneously estimate T1 and T2 values for different brain regions, providing fast and regional relaxometry with correlations to age and gender. MRF has been employed in characterizing and differentiating intra-axial brain tumors, offering a valuable tool for distinguishing gliomas and metastases.",
"title": "Clinical applications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Adopting MRF for abdominal imaging presents unique challenges, including the need for fast sequences, high spatial resolution, and compensation for B0 and B1 inhomogeneities. Approaches like measuring B1 variation through separate scans and incorporating it into the dictionary simulation have been proposed, enabling successful application in abdominal imaging, even in the presence of liver metastases.",
"title": "Clinical applications"
}
] | Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is methodology in quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characterized by a pseudo-randomized acquisition strategy. It involves creating unique signal patterns or 'fingerprints' for different materials or tissues after which a pattern recognition algorithm matches these fingerprints with a predefined dictionary of expected signal patterns. This process translates the data into quantitative maps, revealing information about the magnetic properties being investigated. MRF has shown promise in providing reproducible and quantitative measurements, offering potential advantages in terms of objectivity in tissue diagnosis, comparability across different scans and locations, and the development of imaging biomarkers. The technology has been explored in various clinical applications, including brain, prostate, liver, cardiac, and musculoskeletal imaging, as well as the measurement of perfusion and microvascular properties through MR vascular fingerprinting. | 2023-12-10T21:26:49Z | 2023-12-17T12:18:21Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Cite journal"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_fingerprinting |
75,533,004 | Fanum (streamer) | Roberto "Fanum" is an American streamer and content creator born in New York City, to parents of Dominican descent. Fanum began to emerge online around the years 2016 and 2017. He is known for being the originator of the vernacular "Fanum tax."
Fanum initiated his presence in the online entertainment sphere by streaming on Twitch in November 2016 and subsequently establishing his YouTube channel, JustFanum, in May 2017. Although the channel was created in 2017, the first video was not posted until February 2019. His content, which often draws upon his experiences in New York, has attracted an audience of over 1 million people.
Fanum is an original and a prominent member of the American content collective known as AMP (Any Means Possible), Fanum contributes to the group's collaborative challenge videos. The collective's popularity within the streaming community has been bolstered by the individual popularity of its members such as Kai Cenat (who Fanum discovered), as well as their involvement in controversial events. In August, 2023 Kai Cenat was arrested, following a meet-and-greet he hosted with Fanum. The event that took place that took place in Union Square Park, and while no charges were placed against Fanum, Cenat was charged with inciting a riot, after chaos broke out at the event.
Within the online content creator community, Fanum is recognized for his optimistic demeanor and has received acknowledgments from celebrities such as Drake, and Offset. His influence led to the emergence of the term "Fanum tax," referring to his practice of sharing food with friends, which has entered the vernacular of Gen Alpha.
Fanum maintains a degree of privacy regarding his personal life outside of his streaming activities. He has a younger brother who has made appearances in his videos. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Roberto \"Fanum\" is an American streamer and content creator born in New York City, to parents of Dominican descent. Fanum began to emerge online around the years 2016 and 2017. He is known for being the originator of the vernacular \"Fanum tax.\"",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Fanum initiated his presence in the online entertainment sphere by streaming on Twitch in November 2016 and subsequently establishing his YouTube channel, JustFanum, in May 2017. Although the channel was created in 2017, the first video was not posted until February 2019. His content, which often draws upon his experiences in New York, has attracted an audience of over 1 million people.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Fanum is an original and a prominent member of the American content collective known as AMP (Any Means Possible), Fanum contributes to the group's collaborative challenge videos. The collective's popularity within the streaming community has been bolstered by the individual popularity of its members such as Kai Cenat (who Fanum discovered), as well as their involvement in controversial events. In August, 2023 Kai Cenat was arrested, following a meet-and-greet he hosted with Fanum. The event that took place that took place in Union Square Park, and while no charges were placed against Fanum, Cenat was charged with inciting a riot, after chaos broke out at the event.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Within the online content creator community, Fanum is recognized for his optimistic demeanor and has received acknowledgments from celebrities such as Drake, and Offset. His influence led to the emergence of the term \"Fanum tax,\" referring to his practice of sharing food with friends, which has entered the vernacular of Gen Alpha.",
"title": "Cultural impact"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Fanum maintains a degree of privacy regarding his personal life outside of his streaming activities. He has a younger brother who has made appearances in his videos.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Roberto "Fanum" is an American streamer and content creator born in New York City, to parents of Dominican descent. Fanum began to emerge online around the years 2016 and 2017. He is known for being the originator of the vernacular "Fanum tax." | 2023-12-10T21:28:04Z | 2024-01-01T01:15:29Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Unreliable sources",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanum_(streamer) |
75,533,005 | Miss Espírito Santo | Miss Espírito Santo is a Brazilian Beauty pageant which selects the representative for the State of Espírito Santo at the Miss Brazil contest. The pageant was created in 1955 and has been held every year since with the exception of 1990, 1993, and 2020. The pageant is held annually with representation of several municipalities. Since 2022, the State director for Miss Espírito Santo is Charles Souza. Espírito Santo has won only one crown in the national contest.
The following women have represented Espírito Santo in the national contest and won: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Miss Espírito Santo is a Brazilian Beauty pageant which selects the representative for the State of Espírito Santo at the Miss Brazil contest. The pageant was created in 1955 and has been held every year since with the exception of 1990, 1993, and 2020. The pageant is held annually with representation of several municipalities. Since 2022, the State director for Miss Espírito Santo is Charles Souza. Espírito Santo has won only one crown in the national contest.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The following women have represented Espírito Santo in the national contest and won:",
"title": ""
}
] | Miss Espírito Santo is a Brazilian Beauty pageant which selects the representative for the State of Espírito Santo at the Miss Brazil contest. The pageant was created in 1955 and has been held every year since with the exception of 1990, 1993, and 2020. The pageant is held annually with representation of several municipalities. Since 2022, the State director for Miss Espírito Santo is Charles Souza. Espírito Santo has won only one crown in the national contest. The following women have represented Espírito Santo in the national contest and won: Maria Eugênia "Mia" Mamede, from Vitória, in 2022 | 2023-12-10T21:28:13Z | 2023-12-16T19:55:53Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo |
75,533,021 | El-Mohib bin el-Emam | Abdullah bin Abdul Latif bin Ahmad bin Mahammad bin Abi Bakr bin Abdullah bin Abdul Mohsen el-Mohib Abu el-Tayeb bin el-Baha Abi el-Baqa bin el-Shihab Abu el-Abbas el-Sulami el-Mahli el-Shafi'i bin el-Emam (Egyptian Arabic: عبد الله بن عبد اللطيف بن أحمد بن محمد بن أبي بكر بن عبد الله بن عبد المحسن المحب أبو الطيب بن البهاء أبي البقاء بن الشهاب أبو العباس السلمي المحلي الشافعي بن الإمام) (1442 – 1386), commonly known as El-Mohib bin el-Emam, was an Egyptian judge and religious scholar from the Egyptian el-Emam family.
El-Mohib bin el-Emam was born in one of the houses of the el-Emam family in the city of the El-Mahalla El-Kubra, Egyptian Sultanate, in the year 1386 in a house of knowledge, as is the custom in most of the homes of the el-Emam family. His father was the judge of El-Mahalla El-Kubra, Judge Abdul Latif bin el-Emam, and he was a great and famous religious scholar, and his brother was the judge of Samannud, Judge Abu Bakr bin el-Emam.
El-Mohib bin el-Emam grew up with a good religious upbringing. He recited the Qur’an and recited it to Abi Amr Ali Al-Shihab Al-Nashrati Al-Haysob. Then he made a pilgrimage to the Sacred house of Allah with his brother Abu Bakr bin el-Emam and his father when he was 16 years old in the year 1402. He also studied and stayed at the Kaaba for some time. He studied the Alfiat al-Hadith by al-Hafidh al-'Iraqi and Matan Ash Shatibiyyah by Abu Muhammad Al-Shatibi.
After that, El-Mohib bin el-Emam returned to El-Mahalla El-Kubra, where he studied Fiqh and studied under Al-Baha Abu Al-Baqa Al-Shishini Al-Qadi, Al-Shihab Al-Barini and others, and in grammar, he studied under Al-Badr Hussein Al-Maghribi and others. He would frequent Cairo to seek knowledge and teach, and among his teachers were Al-Shihab Al-Wasiti and others. El-Mohib became one of the greatest and most famous Egyptian religious scholars of his time. He was a scholar of Fiqh, hadith, grammar, and other legal sciences.
In the year 1426, Judge El-Mohib bin el-Emam moved to Cairo to participate in the campaign of judges and sheikhs calling on all Egyptians to volunteer in the war to conquer Cyprus. After that, El-Mohib bin el-Emam visited Palestine and visited the cities of Jerusalem and Hebron. In Hebron, he got to know Sheikh Al-Shihab Al-Mardini. Then he visited Damietta, Alexandria, and others, along with Al-Biqa’i and others, and he frequented them before that. After El-Mohib bin el-Emam became one of the most famous judges and scholars of Egypt, the Sultan of Egypt el-Ashraf Barsbay, as deputy to Chief Justice Galal el-Din el-Balqini, and he became the judge of El-Mahalla El-Kubra.
After a great academic career and spreading justice and goodness, Judge El-Muhib bin el-Emam died in the year 1442 in the capital of the Egyptian Sultanate, Cairo, during the reign of Sultan Jaqmaq.
Historian Shams al-Din al-Sakhawi says about Judge El-Mohib bin el-Emam:
“He was trustworthy, good, and humble. He represented the judiciary in some of the lands of Mahalla on behalf of Galal el-Balqini and those after him. Ibn Fahd and al-Buqa’i read to him and described him as the sheikh, imam, scholar, and righteous person and others. He died on Wednesday, the second of Dhu al-Hijjah in the year 64, in Cairo, may God have mercy on him and us.” | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Abdullah bin Abdul Latif bin Ahmad bin Mahammad bin Abi Bakr bin Abdullah bin Abdul Mohsen el-Mohib Abu el-Tayeb bin el-Baha Abi el-Baqa bin el-Shihab Abu el-Abbas el-Sulami el-Mahli el-Shafi'i bin el-Emam (Egyptian Arabic: عبد الله بن عبد اللطيف بن أحمد بن محمد بن أبي بكر بن عبد الله بن عبد المحسن المحب أبو الطيب بن البهاء أبي البقاء بن الشهاب أبو العباس السلمي المحلي الشافعي بن الإمام) (1442 – 1386), commonly known as El-Mohib bin el-Emam, was an Egyptian judge and religious scholar from the Egyptian el-Emam family.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "El-Mohib bin el-Emam was born in one of the houses of the el-Emam family in the city of the El-Mahalla El-Kubra, Egyptian Sultanate, in the year 1386 in a house of knowledge, as is the custom in most of the homes of the el-Emam family. His father was the judge of El-Mahalla El-Kubra, Judge Abdul Latif bin el-Emam, and he was a great and famous religious scholar, and his brother was the judge of Samannud, Judge Abu Bakr bin el-Emam.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "El-Mohib bin el-Emam grew up with a good religious upbringing. He recited the Qur’an and recited it to Abi Amr Ali Al-Shihab Al-Nashrati Al-Haysob. Then he made a pilgrimage to the Sacred house of Allah with his brother Abu Bakr bin el-Emam and his father when he was 16 years old in the year 1402. He also studied and stayed at the Kaaba for some time. He studied the Alfiat al-Hadith by al-Hafidh al-'Iraqi and Matan Ash Shatibiyyah by Abu Muhammad Al-Shatibi.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After that, El-Mohib bin el-Emam returned to El-Mahalla El-Kubra, where he studied Fiqh and studied under Al-Baha Abu Al-Baqa Al-Shishini Al-Qadi, Al-Shihab Al-Barini and others, and in grammar, he studied under Al-Badr Hussein Al-Maghribi and others. He would frequent Cairo to seek knowledge and teach, and among his teachers were Al-Shihab Al-Wasiti and others. El-Mohib became one of the greatest and most famous Egyptian religious scholars of his time. He was a scholar of Fiqh, hadith, grammar, and other legal sciences.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In the year 1426, Judge El-Mohib bin el-Emam moved to Cairo to participate in the campaign of judges and sheikhs calling on all Egyptians to volunteer in the war to conquer Cyprus. After that, El-Mohib bin el-Emam visited Palestine and visited the cities of Jerusalem and Hebron. In Hebron, he got to know Sheikh Al-Shihab Al-Mardini. Then he visited Damietta, Alexandria, and others, along with Al-Biqa’i and others, and he frequented them before that. After El-Mohib bin el-Emam became one of the most famous judges and scholars of Egypt, the Sultan of Egypt el-Ashraf Barsbay, as deputy to Chief Justice Galal el-Din el-Balqini, and he became the judge of El-Mahalla El-Kubra.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "After a great academic career and spreading justice and goodness, Judge El-Muhib bin el-Emam died in the year 1442 in the capital of the Egyptian Sultanate, Cairo, during the reign of Sultan Jaqmaq.",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Historian Shams al-Din al-Sakhawi says about Judge El-Mohib bin el-Emam:",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "“He was trustworthy, good, and humble. He represented the judiciary in some of the lands of Mahalla on behalf of Galal el-Balqini and those after him. Ibn Fahd and al-Buqa’i read to him and described him as the sheikh, imam, scholar, and righteous person and others. He died on Wednesday, the second of Dhu al-Hijjah in the year 64, in Cairo, may God have mercy on him and us.”",
"title": "Legacy"
}
] | Abdullah bin Abdul Latif bin Ahmad bin Mahammad bin Abi Bakr bin Abdullah bin Abdul Mohsen el-Mohib Abu el-Tayeb bin el-Baha Abi el-Baqa bin el-Shihab Abu el-Abbas el-Sulami el-Mahli el-Shafi'i bin el-Emam, commonly known as El-Mohib bin el-Emam, was an Egyptian judge and religious scholar from the Egyptian el-Emam family. | 2023-12-10T21:31:29Z | 2023-12-26T12:41:23Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Mohib_bin_el-Emam |
75,533,031 | Makhi Hughes | Makhi Hughes is an American football running back for the Tulane Green Wave | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Makhi Hughes is an American football running back for the Tulane Green Wave",
"title": ""
}
] | Makhi Hughes is an American football running back for the Tulane Green Wave | 2023-12-10T21:32:55Z | 2023-12-11T04:18:01Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhi_Hughes |
75,533,047 | John L. Dale | John L. Dale (October 1, 1928 – December 13, 1980) was an American politician. He served as treasurer of Mississippi in 1980.
Dale was born in Leaf, Mississippi. He attended the University of Southern Mississippi and Jackson School of Law.
Dale served as treasurer of Mississippi in 1980.
Dale died on December 13, 1980, at the age of 52. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "John L. Dale (October 1, 1928 – December 13, 1980) was an American politician. He served as treasurer of Mississippi in 1980.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Dale was born in Leaf, Mississippi. He attended the University of Southern Mississippi and Jackson School of Law.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Dale served as treasurer of Mississippi in 1980.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Dale died on December 13, 1980, at the age of 52.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | John L. Dale was an American politician. He served as treasurer of Mississippi in 1980. | 2023-12-10T21:34:52Z | 2023-12-14T13:51:59Z | [
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75,533,062 | Love, Dad | Love, Dad (Czech: Milý tati) is a Czech/Slovak animated short documentary film, directed by Diana Cam Van Nguyen and released in 2021. The film centres on her relationship with her father, which was loving in her childhood but became strained and distant as she grew into adulthood.
The film premiered on 6 August 2021 at the 74th Locarno Film Festival. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Love, Dad (Czech: Milý tati) is a Czech/Slovak animated short documentary film, directed by Diana Cam Van Nguyen and released in 2021. The film centres on her relationship with her father, which was loving in her childhood but became strained and distant as she grew into adulthood.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The film premiered on 6 August 2021 at the 74th Locarno Film Festival.",
"title": ""
}
] | Love, Dad is a Czech/Slovak animated short documentary film, directed by Diana Cam Van Nguyen and released in 2021. The film centres on her relationship with her father, which was loving in her childhood but became strained and distant as she grew into adulthood. The film premiered on 6 August 2021 at the 74th Locarno Film Festival. | 2023-12-10T21:38:27Z | 2023-12-10T21:39:57Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love,_Dad |
75,533,088 | Abdalle Mumin | Abdalle Ahmed Mumin is a Somalian journalist, human rights activist, and co-author of the book Hounded: African Journalists in Exile. He is currently Secretary General of the Somali Journalists Syndicate and a writer for The Guardian. On October 11, he was arrested as he waited for a flight to Nairobi and taken to Godka Jila’ow, a detention facilities. He was held for three days there by the Somalian authority for an "offensive against Islamic militants" in the east African region and was later released on bail after 10 days of police custody on October 22.
He survived an attack in early 2015 after reporting for The Wall Street Journal on the killing of al-Shabaab's leader. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Abdalle Ahmed Mumin is a Somalian journalist, human rights activist, and co-author of the book Hounded: African Journalists in Exile. He is currently Secretary General of the Somali Journalists Syndicate and a writer for The Guardian. On October 11, he was arrested as he waited for a flight to Nairobi and taken to Godka Jila’ow, a detention facilities. He was held for three days there by the Somalian authority for an \"offensive against Islamic militants\" in the east African region and was later released on bail after 10 days of police custody on October 22.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He survived an attack in early 2015 after reporting for The Wall Street Journal on the killing of al-Shabaab's leader.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Abdalle Ahmed Mumin is a Somalian journalist, human rights activist, and co-author of the book Hounded: African Journalists in Exile. He is currently Secretary General of the Somali Journalists Syndicate and a writer for The Guardian. On October 11, he was arrested as he waited for a flight to Nairobi and taken to Godka Jila’ow, a detention facilities. He was held for three days there by the Somalian authority for an "offensive against Islamic militants" in the east African region and was later released on bail after 10 days of police custody on October 22. He survived an attack in early 2015 after reporting for The Wall Street Journal on the killing of al-Shabaab's leader. | 2023-12-10T21:41:47Z | 2023-12-31T01:36:58Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdalle_Mumin |
75,533,105 | Syzygium dealbatum | Syzygium dealbatum is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Niue, the Samoan Islands, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna.
It is a small tree native to lowland forest. In Tonga it grows in forests over thinner, drier soils on coastal dunes and relatively recent lava and ash deposits, where the tree Casuarina equisetifolia is predominant, along with Pandanus tectorius, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Scaevola taccada. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Syzygium dealbatum is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Niue, the Samoan Islands, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It is a small tree native to lowland forest. In Tonga it grows in forests over thinner, drier soils on coastal dunes and relatively recent lava and ash deposits, where the tree Casuarina equisetifolia is predominant, along with Pandanus tectorius, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Scaevola taccada.",
"title": ""
}
] | Syzygium dealbatum is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Niue, the Samoan Islands, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna. It is a small tree native to lowland forest. In Tonga it grows in forests over thinner, drier soils on coastal dunes and relatively recent lava and ash deposits, where the tree Casuarina equisetifolia is predominant, along with Pandanus tectorius, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Scaevola taccada. | 2023-12-10T21:44:37Z | 2023-12-13T15:51:29Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium_dealbatum |
75,533,155 | William N. McQueen | William N. McQueen (September 18, 1908 – July 12, 1980) was an American politician. He served as attorney general of Alabama from 1943 to 1947.
McQueen was born in Eutaw, Alabama.
McQueen served as attorney general of Alabama from 1943 to 1947.
McQueen died on July 12, 1980, at the age of 71. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "William N. McQueen (September 18, 1908 – July 12, 1980) was an American politician. He served as attorney general of Alabama from 1943 to 1947.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "McQueen was born in Eutaw, Alabama.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "McQueen served as attorney general of Alabama from 1943 to 1947.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "McQueen died on July 12, 1980, at the age of 71.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | William N. McQueen was an American politician. He served as attorney general of Alabama from 1943 to 1947. | 2023-12-10T21:54:43Z | 2023-12-14T14:13:59Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_N._McQueen |
75,533,158 | 2014–15 in Ukrainian football | The 2014–15 season was the 24th season of competitive association football in Ukraine since dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Note: For all scratched clubs, see section Clubs removed for more details
A promotion/relegation home and away play-off is to be played by the 3rd place team of 2014–15 Ukrainian Second League against the 14th placed team of the 2014–15 Ukrainian First League competition. Seedings for the playoff were announced in Ukrainian House of Football on May 29.
Note: For all scratched clubs, see section Clubs removed for more details
2014 Vyshcha Liha (women) | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2014–15 season was the 24th season of competitive association football in Ukraine since dissolution of the Soviet Union.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "National teams"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "National teams"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Note: For all scratched clubs, see section Clubs removed for more details",
"title": "Men's club football"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "A promotion/relegation home and away play-off is to be played by the 3rd place team of 2014–15 Ukrainian Second League against the 14th placed team of the 2014–15 Ukrainian First League competition. Seedings for the playoff were announced in Ukrainian House of Football on May 29.",
"title": "Promotion/relegation play-off"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "Promotion/relegation play-off"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Note: For all scratched clubs, see section Clubs removed for more details",
"title": "Women's club football"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "2014 Vyshcha Liha (women)",
"title": "Women's club football"
}
] | The 2014–15 season was the 24th season of competitive association football in Ukraine since dissolution of the Soviet Union. | 2023-12-10T21:55:00Z | 2023-12-29T21:16:06Z | [
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75,533,159 | Cimaco | Cimaco is a regional department store chain in northern Mexico, founded in 1930 and based in the city of Torreón, in the state of Coahuila, with stores in Chihuahua and Sinaloa states as well.
Cimaco's heritage dates back to the Laguna Radio Company (sic), founded on September 1, 1930, by Carlos Issa Marcos and his nephew Elías Murra Marcos. The shop was located on the corner of Juárez and Rodríguez streets in the center of Torreón. Taking advantage of the rise of radio, the store offers the latest in radio devices; over time it expands its range of products to include white goods (domestic appliances), spare parts, tires, et al.
In 1938 the Laguna Radio Company was restructured under the new name Compañía Comercial Cimaco S.A.
In 1948 Cimaco opened its new store at the corner of Avenida Hidalgo and C. Ramón Corona streets, still in operation today. Cimaco Hidalgo had the floor area, functionality and comfort that Cimaco urgently needed. It launched with 2,475 square meters of floor space but has since been expanded to cover the entire block. It has been remodeled and redecorated several times; escalators were added, two parking areas and other services.
In 1980 Cimaco celebrated its 50th Anniversary and announced the construction of a new 18,000-square-meter warehouse and distribution center which opened October 1981. Services include receiving, marking, storage and logistics for delivery of merchandise to Grupo Cimaco stores.
On September 24, 2001, the company launched Cimaco Online, a website offering the store's merchandise for online sale and information about promotions, customer charge account statements, online payments, et al.
Eduardo Murra Marcos is the chairman of the board as of 2023. As of 2023, the company has about 2,200 employees.
Cimaco organizes regular fashion shows, high-society social events in Torreón.
For Día de Muertos, Cimaco creates an altar, for example in 2023 one dedicated to Colombian sculptor and artist Fernando Botero.
The Cuatro Caminos store has an auditorium which is a venue for various high-profile lectures in Torreón. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Cimaco is a regional department store chain in northern Mexico, founded in 1930 and based in the city of Torreón, in the state of Coahuila, with stores in Chihuahua and Sinaloa states as well.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Cimaco's heritage dates back to the Laguna Radio Company (sic), founded on September 1, 1930, by Carlos Issa Marcos and his nephew Elías Murra Marcos. The shop was located on the corner of Juárez and Rodríguez streets in the center of Torreón. Taking advantage of the rise of radio, the store offers the latest in radio devices; over time it expands its range of products to include white goods (domestic appliances), spare parts, tires, et al.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1938 the Laguna Radio Company was restructured under the new name Compañía Comercial Cimaco S.A.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1948 Cimaco opened its new store at the corner of Avenida Hidalgo and C. Ramón Corona streets, still in operation today. Cimaco Hidalgo had the floor area, functionality and comfort that Cimaco urgently needed. It launched with 2,475 square meters of floor space but has since been expanded to cover the entire block. It has been remodeled and redecorated several times; escalators were added, two parking areas and other services.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1980 Cimaco celebrated its 50th Anniversary and announced the construction of a new 18,000-square-meter warehouse and distribution center which opened October 1981. Services include receiving, marking, storage and logistics for delivery of merchandise to Grupo Cimaco stores.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On September 24, 2001, the company launched Cimaco Online, a website offering the store's merchandise for online sale and information about promotions, customer charge account statements, online payments, et al.",
"title": "E-commerce"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Eduardo Murra Marcos is the chairman of the board as of 2023. As of 2023, the company has about 2,200 employees.",
"title": "Management"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Cimaco organizes regular fashion shows, high-society social events in Torreón.",
"title": "Events and community"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "For Día de Muertos, Cimaco creates an altar, for example in 2023 one dedicated to Colombian sculptor and artist Fernando Botero.",
"title": "Events and community"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The Cuatro Caminos store has an auditorium which is a venue for various high-profile lectures in Torreón.",
"title": "Events and community"
}
] | Cimaco is a regional department store chain in northern Mexico, founded in 1930 and based in the city of Torreón, in the state of Coahuila, with stores in Chihuahua and Sinaloa states as well. | 2023-12-10T21:55:03Z | 2023-12-13T19:11:44Z | [
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75,533,168 | 2023 Dutch Masters of Motocross | The 2023 Dutch Masters of Motocross season was the 6th Dutch Masters of Motocross season.
The series had three rounds across the eastern part of The Netherlands, running from March to May. Calvin Vlaanderen was the reigning champion in the 500cc class, after winning his first title in 2022. Rick Elzinga was the reigning champion in the 250cc class after he won his first title in the previous season.
Jeffrey Herlings was able to record a perfect season in the 500cc class, winning all three rounds with double race wins. This would be Herlings' fourth Dutch Masters of Motocross title overall and his third in the 500cc class. Kay de Wolf won the 250cc title in similarly dominant fashion, winning all three rounds and five out of six races within that.
Points are awarded to finishers of the main races, in the following format: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023 Dutch Masters of Motocross season was the 6th Dutch Masters of Motocross season.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The series had three rounds across the eastern part of The Netherlands, running from March to May. Calvin Vlaanderen was the reigning champion in the 500cc class, after winning his first title in 2022. Rick Elzinga was the reigning champion in the 250cc class after he won his first title in the previous season.",
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},
{
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"text": "Jeffrey Herlings was able to record a perfect season in the 500cc class, winning all three rounds with double race wins. This would be Herlings' fourth Dutch Masters of Motocross title overall and his third in the 500cc class. Kay de Wolf won the 250cc title in similarly dominant fashion, winning all three rounds and five out of six races within that.",
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},
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"title": "Race calendar and results"
},
{
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"title": "500cc"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "500cc"
}
] | The 2023 Dutch Masters of Motocross season was the 6th Dutch Masters of Motocross season. The series had three rounds across the eastern part of The Netherlands, running from March to May. Calvin Vlaanderen was the reigning champion in the 500cc class, after winning his first title in 2022. Rick Elzinga was the reigning champion in the 250cc class after he won his first title in the previous season. Jeffrey Herlings was able to record a perfect season in the 500cc class, winning all three rounds with double race wins. This would be Herlings' fourth Dutch Masters of Motocross title overall and his third in the 500cc class. Kay de Wolf won the 250cc title in similarly dominant fashion, winning all three rounds and five out of six races within that. | 2023-12-10T21:56:25Z | 2023-12-10T21:57:09Z | [
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75,533,194 | Stephen of Prague | Stephen (Czech: Štěpán, Hungarian: István; died after 1304) was a Bohemian cleric in the early 14th century, who served as vice-chancellor in the Kingdom of Hungary, serving his lord Wenceslaus from 1302 to 1304.
Several historians incorrectly identified him with Stephen, the archdeacon of Gyulafehérvár (today Alba Iulia, Romania), who studied in the University of Padua and served as the last vice-chancellor of Andrew III of Hungary until 1301. However that Stephen again became vice-chancellor in 1303, in the court of Charles I, Wenceslaus' rival during the era of Interregnum.
Historian György Rácz considered this Stephen was a Bohemian cleric and came to Hungary in the accompaniment of the young Wenceslaus in August 1301. He bore the title of decretorum doctor ("doctor of canon law"), which reflects his university studies abroad. His name first appears in Hungarian contemporary records in November 1301, when resided in Buda Castle and was among those clerics, who testified that a lawsuit postposed between the Dicoese of Veszprém and the Knights Hospitaller of Esztergom. According to the document, Stephen was a canon in the cathedral chapter of Prague.
After Jan Muskata returned to Bohemia in early 1302, Stephen succeeded him as Wenceslaus' vice-chancellor. He is first mentioned in this capacity in February 1302. He formulated that royal charter, in which Wenceslaus granted whole Nyitra County to the powerful oligarch Matthew Csák. He is again mentioned as vice-chancellor throughout 1302, in January 1303 and March 1304. When Wenceslaus II of Bohemia took his son back from Hungary to Bohemia in August 1304, Stephen also left the kingdom, abandoning his office. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Stephen (Czech: Štěpán, Hungarian: István; died after 1304) was a Bohemian cleric in the early 14th century, who served as vice-chancellor in the Kingdom of Hungary, serving his lord Wenceslaus from 1302 to 1304.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Several historians incorrectly identified him with Stephen, the archdeacon of Gyulafehérvár (today Alba Iulia, Romania), who studied in the University of Padua and served as the last vice-chancellor of Andrew III of Hungary until 1301. However that Stephen again became vice-chancellor in 1303, in the court of Charles I, Wenceslaus' rival during the era of Interregnum.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Historian György Rácz considered this Stephen was a Bohemian cleric and came to Hungary in the accompaniment of the young Wenceslaus in August 1301. He bore the title of decretorum doctor (\"doctor of canon law\"), which reflects his university studies abroad. His name first appears in Hungarian contemporary records in November 1301, when resided in Buda Castle and was among those clerics, who testified that a lawsuit postposed between the Dicoese of Veszprém and the Knights Hospitaller of Esztergom. According to the document, Stephen was a canon in the cathedral chapter of Prague.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After Jan Muskata returned to Bohemia in early 1302, Stephen succeeded him as Wenceslaus' vice-chancellor. He is first mentioned in this capacity in February 1302. He formulated that royal charter, in which Wenceslaus granted whole Nyitra County to the powerful oligarch Matthew Csák. He is again mentioned as vice-chancellor throughout 1302, in January 1303 and March 1304. When Wenceslaus II of Bohemia took his son back from Hungary to Bohemia in August 1304, Stephen also left the kingdom, abandoning his office.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Stephen was a Bohemian cleric in the early 14th century, who served as vice-chancellor in the Kingdom of Hungary, serving his lord Wenceslaus from 1302 to 1304. | 2023-12-10T21:59:32Z | 2023-12-12T11:26:18Z | [
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75,533,206 | Mary Ross Bell | Mary Ross Bell (1923 – 2022) was a distinguished physicist who worked at Harwell Science and Innovation Campus and CERN. She worked on accelerator physics, electron cooling and storage rings.
Ross Bell was born in Glasgow. Her father, Alexander, worked in a shipbuilding yard, and her mother, Catherine, was a primary school teacher. She attended Hyndland Secondary School, a co-educational school that taught physics. She applied for the prestigious High School of Glasgow, was awarded a scholarship, but stayed at Hyndland because of their exceptional science teaching. At the beginning of the Second World War Bell spent an academic year at Kingussie High School in Inverness, where she wrote fiction. When she returned to Hyndland she won several prizes for academic excellence. She was awarded a scholarship at the University of Glasgow and this would pay all her fees. She studied mathematics and natural philosophy at Glasgow, with a focus on electronics and circuits. In 1944 Ross Bell was called to serve for her country and joined the Telecommunications Research Establishment. The Director General at the TRE offered her a permanent position, but Ross Bell decided to return to study at Glasgow.
After graduating from Glasgow, Ross Bell joined the theory division at the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. At th etime around 15% of the employees were women. She worked on calculating neutron absorption cross-sections in interactions with protons, deuterons, alpha particles and gamma-particles, and also in nuclear fission. She was approached by Klaus Fuchs, Head of the Theory Division, who asked her to examine the effect of control rods in fission reactors. In 1949 John Stewart Bell arrived at Harwell, where he was interviewed by Fuchs and eventually joined the Theory Division. In 1950 it emerged that Fuchs had been spying for Russia, and he went to prison for 14 years. Bell and Ross Bell ended up in the same group on accelerator physics. Here Ross Bell was part of the Theory Division, and worked on the theory of short (2 metre) electron accelerators with disc-loaded guides. Using approximations for electromagnetic fields, Ross Bell estimated losses in the guides and electron bunching after acceleration. Her research on electron and proton linear accelerators were published in Harwell reports, which were used by teams of scientists around the world.
At the end of the 1950s, Ross Bell moved to CERN. This was partly due to an increasing in military and industrial work at Harwell, and a concern that her and her husband would not both get jobs in the same university. At CERN Mary joined the Accelerator Search Division, and later the Intersecting Storage Rings Division, and later still the Proton Synchrotron Division. she worked on electron linear accelerators and radio frequency separators.
In 1963 Ross Bell spent a year at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Brandeis University and the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Towards the end of the 1960s she joined the electron cooling group. The detection of the W and Z particles required breakthroughs in engineering such that the antiproton beam had a density equivalent to the proton beam, reducing any thermal oscillations. In 1979 she described the electron cooling in a series of papers. Eventually CERN settled on the stochastic cooling technique, but electron cooling was used in the Low Energy Antiproton Ring which decelerated and stored antiprotons. Ross Bell worked on magnetic cooling and storage rings. Her calculations were consistently more rigorous, reproducible and transferable to other accelerators. Towards the end of the 1980s Ross Bell expanded to accelerator physics. In particular, she worked on beamstrahlung, the accelerator analog of bremsstrahlung.
Ross Bell married John Stewart Bell in 1954. They had a small wedding in Wantage, with guests including William Walkinshaw and his wife, and two witnesses from the accelerator group. They moved into one of the bungalows on the Harwell site. Ross Bell remarked that their marriage was a relationship of "weekends", as Bell had been appointed to the physics department at the University of Birmingham, where he worked on the CPT Theorem. Ross Bell and her husband collaborated throughout their lives. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mary Ross Bell (1923 – 2022) was a distinguished physicist who worked at Harwell Science and Innovation Campus and CERN. She worked on accelerator physics, electron cooling and storage rings.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Ross Bell was born in Glasgow. Her father, Alexander, worked in a shipbuilding yard, and her mother, Catherine, was a primary school teacher. She attended Hyndland Secondary School, a co-educational school that taught physics. She applied for the prestigious High School of Glasgow, was awarded a scholarship, but stayed at Hyndland because of their exceptional science teaching. At the beginning of the Second World War Bell spent an academic year at Kingussie High School in Inverness, where she wrote fiction. When she returned to Hyndland she won several prizes for academic excellence. She was awarded a scholarship at the University of Glasgow and this would pay all her fees. She studied mathematics and natural philosophy at Glasgow, with a focus on electronics and circuits. In 1944 Ross Bell was called to serve for her country and joined the Telecommunications Research Establishment. The Director General at the TRE offered her a permanent position, but Ross Bell decided to return to study at Glasgow.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After graduating from Glasgow, Ross Bell joined the theory division at the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. At th etime around 15% of the employees were women. She worked on calculating neutron absorption cross-sections in interactions with protons, deuterons, alpha particles and gamma-particles, and also in nuclear fission. She was approached by Klaus Fuchs, Head of the Theory Division, who asked her to examine the effect of control rods in fission reactors. In 1949 John Stewart Bell arrived at Harwell, where he was interviewed by Fuchs and eventually joined the Theory Division. In 1950 it emerged that Fuchs had been spying for Russia, and he went to prison for 14 years. Bell and Ross Bell ended up in the same group on accelerator physics. Here Ross Bell was part of the Theory Division, and worked on the theory of short (2 metre) electron accelerators with disc-loaded guides. Using approximations for electromagnetic fields, Ross Bell estimated losses in the guides and electron bunching after acceleration. Her research on electron and proton linear accelerators were published in Harwell reports, which were used by teams of scientists around the world.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "At the end of the 1950s, Ross Bell moved to CERN. This was partly due to an increasing in military and industrial work at Harwell, and a concern that her and her husband would not both get jobs in the same university. At CERN Mary joined the Accelerator Search Division, and later the Intersecting Storage Rings Division, and later still the Proton Synchrotron Division. she worked on electron linear accelerators and radio frequency separators.",
"title": "CERN"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1963 Ross Bell spent a year at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Brandeis University and the University of Wisconsin–Madison.",
"title": "CERN"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Towards the end of the 1960s she joined the electron cooling group. The detection of the W and Z particles required breakthroughs in engineering such that the antiproton beam had a density equivalent to the proton beam, reducing any thermal oscillations. In 1979 she described the electron cooling in a series of papers. Eventually CERN settled on the stochastic cooling technique, but electron cooling was used in the Low Energy Antiproton Ring which decelerated and stored antiprotons. Ross Bell worked on magnetic cooling and storage rings. Her calculations were consistently more rigorous, reproducible and transferable to other accelerators. Towards the end of the 1980s Ross Bell expanded to accelerator physics. In particular, she worked on beamstrahlung, the accelerator analog of bremsstrahlung.",
"title": "CERN"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Ross Bell married John Stewart Bell in 1954. They had a small wedding in Wantage, with guests including William Walkinshaw and his wife, and two witnesses from the accelerator group. They moved into one of the bungalows on the Harwell site. Ross Bell remarked that their marriage was a relationship of \"weekends\", as Bell had been appointed to the physics department at the University of Birmingham, where he worked on the CPT Theorem. Ross Bell and her husband collaborated throughout their lives.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Mary Ross Bell was a distinguished physicist who worked at Harwell Science and Innovation Campus and CERN. She worked on accelerator physics, electron cooling and storage rings. | 2023-12-10T22:01:45Z | 2023-12-23T15:55:45Z | [
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75,533,214 | Max Huntsman | Max Huntsman is an American attorney who became the first Inspector General of Los Angeles County, California in 2013. He is recognized for his oversight of the county's law enforcement agencies, with a focus on constitutional policing and justice administration. Huntsman graduated from Yale Law School and started his career as a civil servant in 1991, at the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office, where he handled political corruption and police misconduct cases.
As Inspector General, Huntsman's Office of Inspector General (OIG) has advocated for transparency and reforms in the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, Probation Department, mental health care, and skilled nursing home oversight. Huntsman initiated an investigation into alleged gang activity within the Los Angeles County Sheriff Department. His tenure has seen conflicts with former Sheriff Alex Villanueva, who accused Huntsman of criminal conduct and restricted his access to department resources. Luna's actions were later reversed by Sheriff Robert Luna in 2022. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Max Huntsman is an American attorney who became the first Inspector General of Los Angeles County, California in 2013. He is recognized for his oversight of the county's law enforcement agencies, with a focus on constitutional policing and justice administration. Huntsman graduated from Yale Law School and started his career as a civil servant in 1991, at the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office, where he handled political corruption and police misconduct cases.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As Inspector General, Huntsman's Office of Inspector General (OIG) has advocated for transparency and reforms in the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, Probation Department, mental health care, and skilled nursing home oversight. Huntsman initiated an investigation into alleged gang activity within the Los Angeles County Sheriff Department. His tenure has seen conflicts with former Sheriff Alex Villanueva, who accused Huntsman of criminal conduct and restricted his access to department resources. Luna's actions were later reversed by Sheriff Robert Luna in 2022.",
"title": ""
}
] | Max Huntsman is an American attorney who became the first Inspector General of Los Angeles County, California in 2013. He is recognized for his oversight of the county's law enforcement agencies, with a focus on constitutional policing and justice administration. Huntsman graduated from Yale Law School and started his career as a civil servant in 1991, at the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office, where he handled political corruption and police misconduct cases. As Inspector General, Huntsman's Office of Inspector General (OIG) has advocated for transparency and reforms in the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, Probation Department, mental health care, and skilled nursing home oversight. Huntsman initiated an investigation into alleged gang activity within the Los Angeles County Sheriff Department. His tenure has seen conflicts with former Sheriff Alex Villanueva, who accused Huntsman of criminal conduct and restricted his access to department resources. Luna's actions were later reversed by Sheriff Robert Luna in 2022. | 2023-12-10T22:03:17Z | 2023-12-26T16:40:46Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Huntsman |
75,533,246 | George Head (rugby union) | George Head (born 4 August 1999) is a professional rugby union player who currently plays for Harlequins in the Premiership, as well as featuring on loan for RFU Championship side London Scottish.
Head began his career at Old Reigatian RFC before being picked up by the Harlequins Academy in 2017. Winning the Under-18 Premiership with the London based club. Originally a loosehead prop he was persuaded by then Harlequins DoR Paul Gustard to transition to hooker.
Before making his senior debut for Harlequins he spent time on loan at numerous clubs; Worthing RFC, Esher RFC and Barnes RFC. Barnes at the time coached by then Harlequins hooker Joe Gray, George Head working with him closely.
He was set to make his debut for Harlequins against Bath in the Champions Cup, having been named on the bench, however did not feature with Samoan hooker Elia Elia playing the full match. He was later named on the bench for a Premiership clash against Wasps, Head coming off the bench in the 59th minute. The week after he earned his first start against Leicester Tigers.
In 2021 him and Caden Murley began coaching at Old Reigatians, Head being assigned as the forwards coach. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "George Head (born 4 August 1999) is a professional rugby union player who currently plays for Harlequins in the Premiership, as well as featuring on loan for RFU Championship side London Scottish.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Head began his career at Old Reigatian RFC before being picked up by the Harlequins Academy in 2017. Winning the Under-18 Premiership with the London based club. Originally a loosehead prop he was persuaded by then Harlequins DoR Paul Gustard to transition to hooker.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Before making his senior debut for Harlequins he spent time on loan at numerous clubs; Worthing RFC, Esher RFC and Barnes RFC. Barnes at the time coached by then Harlequins hooker Joe Gray, George Head working with him closely.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "He was set to make his debut for Harlequins against Bath in the Champions Cup, having been named on the bench, however did not feature with Samoan hooker Elia Elia playing the full match. He was later named on the bench for a Premiership clash against Wasps, Head coming off the bench in the 59th minute. The week after he earned his first start against Leicester Tigers.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2021 him and Caden Murley began coaching at Old Reigatians, Head being assigned as the forwards coach.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | George Head is a professional rugby union player who currently plays for Harlequins in the Premiership, as well as featuring on loan for RFU Championship side London Scottish. | 2023-12-10T22:08:43Z | 2023-12-11T09:31:52Z | [
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75,533,251 | Zemledeliye (minelaying system) | "Zemledeliye" (Russian: Земледелие, lit. Agriculture) is a Russian engineering system of remote minelaying (ИСДМ). Designed for the rapid creation of minefields in particularly dangerous areas from a distance. The system is used in the Russian Invasion of Ukraine, most notably during 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive.
Russian military concluded tests of Zemledeliye system in late 2020, during the Caucasus 2020 exercises.
Sergey Chemezov claimed that in addition to missiles with mines, high-precision ammunition has also been developed fot the weapon, and for their production a special workshop was built at the NPO Splav.
In the 1970s, after military trials, the Soviet military refused to adopt a similar system based on the Grad and Uragan MLRSs. The problem turned out to be the low accuracy of the launchers of that time over long distances and the inability to control the configuration of the deployed minefield. Such a minefield could become a threat not only to the enemy, but also to friendly troops.
The operating principle of ISDM is similar to MLRS, externally, the system resembles the Grad and Tornado-G MLRS and, like them, has 122 mm caliber, but for minelaying it uses ammunition with a solid fuel engine, filled with various types of mines. Each armored KamAZ carries two blocks of 25 missiles loaded with mines. Their flight range 5 to 15 km.
Course corrected missiles allow the ISDM to deploy a minefield in a matter of minutes. The system fires rockets that scatter mines at a given location. In accordance with the second protocol of the Geneva Convention, each mine is equipped with programmable self-destruct mechanisms. This ensures that minefields do not last forever, but are deactivated after a certain time without human intervention.
The complex consists of: a combat vehicle on an eight-wheeled KamAZ-6560 armored chassis, a transport-loading vehicle and launch containers with engineering ammunition. The combat vehicle is equipped with a satellite navigation system, a computer and a weather station, which allows it to make adjustments and take into account the influence of weather on the flight of missiles.
In December 2020 ISDM Zemledeliye was reported to enter service with the Armed Forces of Russian Federation, and Rostec began supplying the system to the troops.
Russia has used Zemledeliye during the war in Ukraine. Most notably it was used to repel the 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "\"Zemledeliye\" (Russian: Земледелие, lit. Agriculture) is a Russian engineering system of remote minelaying (ИСДМ). Designed for the rapid creation of minefields in particularly dangerous areas from a distance. The system is used in the Russian Invasion of Ukraine, most notably during 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Russian military concluded tests of Zemledeliye system in late 2020, during the Caucasus 2020 exercises.",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Sergey Chemezov claimed that in addition to missiles with mines, high-precision ammunition has also been developed fot the weapon, and for their production a special workshop was built at the NPO Splav.",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In the 1970s, after military trials, the Soviet military refused to adopt a similar system based on the Grad and Uragan MLRSs. The problem turned out to be the low accuracy of the launchers of that time over long distances and the inability to control the configuration of the deployed minefield. Such a minefield could become a threat not only to the enemy, but also to friendly troops.",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The operating principle of ISDM is similar to MLRS, externally, the system resembles the Grad and Tornado-G MLRS and, like them, has 122 mm caliber, but for minelaying it uses ammunition with a solid fuel engine, filled with various types of mines. Each armored KamAZ carries two blocks of 25 missiles loaded with mines. Their flight range 5 to 15 km.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Course corrected missiles allow the ISDM to deploy a minefield in a matter of minutes. The system fires rockets that scatter mines at a given location. In accordance with the second protocol of the Geneva Convention, each mine is equipped with programmable self-destruct mechanisms. This ensures that minefields do not last forever, but are deactivated after a certain time without human intervention.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The complex consists of: a combat vehicle on an eight-wheeled KamAZ-6560 armored chassis, a transport-loading vehicle and launch containers with engineering ammunition. The combat vehicle is equipped with a satellite navigation system, a computer and a weather station, which allows it to make adjustments and take into account the influence of weather on the flight of missiles.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In December 2020 ISDM Zemledeliye was reported to enter service with the Armed Forces of Russian Federation, and Rostec began supplying the system to the troops.",
"title": "Service history"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Russia has used Zemledeliye during the war in Ukraine. Most notably it was used to repel the 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive.",
"title": "Service history"
}
] | "Zemledeliye" is a Russian engineering system of remote minelaying (ИСДМ). Designed for the rapid creation of minefields in particularly dangerous areas from a distance. The system is used in the Russian Invasion of Ukraine, most notably during 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive. | 2023-12-10T22:09:29Z | 2023-12-20T20:10:41Z | [
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75,533,261 | Syzygium inophylloides | Syzygium inophylloides is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Niue, the Samoan Islands, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Syzygium inophylloides is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Niue, the Samoan Islands, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna.",
"title": ""
}
] | Syzygium inophylloides is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Niue, the Samoan Islands, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna. | 2023-12-10T22:10:47Z | 2023-12-10T22:12:20Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium_inophylloides |
75,533,274 | Terry Fisher (soccer) | Terry Fisher is an American soccer coach. He served as coach of the Los Angeles Aztecs and the San Jose Earthquakes of the North American Soccer League in the 1970s.
Fisher was born in 1949 or 1950 in Yellow House, Pennsylvania, and grew up in the Philadelphia area.
Fisher graduated high school in 1967. That summer, Fisher toured Europe on a team of American soccer players coached by Hubert Vogelsinger, visiting nine countries over three weeks, which he says got him "hooked" on soccer. He would travel to Europe again in 1968 as an assistant for the American International Sports Exchange, a program which sponsored young athletes on European tours. Fisher says these tours allowed him to watch many soccer matches, forming his coaching techniques and inspiring his passion for the game.
From 1967 to 1971, he attended Hartwick College in Oneonta, New York. Fisher played on the Hartwick Hawks men's soccer team, coached by Al Miller, which advanced to the NCAA playoffs all four seasons he played.
During these early years, Fisher coached at Stroudsburg High School in Pennsylvania, as well as in youth leagues in Oneonta and parts of southern California. Fisher says he learned from Dettmar Cramer to earn his United States Soccer Federation coaching license.
In 1972, he became head coach of the men's soccer team at Whittier College. He led the Poets to their first-ever conference championship before falling in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) playoffs. He also earned a master's degree from Whittier.
In 1973, he was hired to join the coaching staff of the Bruins men's soccer team at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Although his title was assistant coach, he took over most coaching responsibilities from head coach Dennis Storer, who was more focused on UCLA's rugby team. He was officially made head coach in the winter of 1973, and remained head coach through the 1974 season. While working at UCLA, he also took on a role as director of youth development for the Los Angeles Aztecs of the North American Soccer League (NASL).
After two years with UCLA, Fisher was named head coach of the Los Angeles Aztecs ahead of the 1975 season. At 25 years old, he was the youngest coach in the NASL. He was reportedly popular among his players, but less popular among fans, who booed his appearance at home games. Under Fisher's stewardship, the Aztecs qualified for the NASL playoffs in 1975, 1976, and 1977. However, in 1978, the Aztecs started out with 5 wins and 8 losses, including 7 losses in their first 7 home games. The Aztecs fired Fisher on June 5, 1978.
He was then hired by the San Jose Earthquakes on June 19, after they had started 5–12 and fired their previous coach Momčilo Gavric. On July 12, 1978, Fisher's Earthquakes lost 10–0 in a road game against the Detroit Express, the largest victory margin in league history, and a game that Fisher said still stood out from his tenure in a 2008 interview. Fisher attributed the Earthquakes' woes to poor talent, and said he would place an emphasis on signing American players. However, he was unable to turn the Earthquakes around, and won just 3 of his 21 games with the club. He was fired on May 20, 1979, immediately following the Earthquakes' loss to the Seattle Sounders, their 8th consecutive loss to start the season.
On October 2, 1979, Fisher was hired by the Detroit Lightning ahead of their inaugural 1979–80 season in the Major Indoor Soccer League. Founded in a rush, the club was marked by disorganization, and only managed to obtain a general manager, a full roster, branding, and office space in the final month before the season kicked off. The Lightning finished the regular season 15–17 and lost in the playoffs to the Wichita Wings. After owner Jerry Perenchio sustained a $1.1 million loss from the first season, he dissolved the club and sold its franchise rights to the newly formed San Francisco Fog, which hired Johnny Moore as its head coach.
Fisher then went on to work as an assistant coach, first for the Houston Hurricane in 1980. Due to the club's instability (which would ultimately result in their folding after the 1980 season), he left to join the Calgary Boomers as an assistant coach in late 1980. The Boomers folded after the 1981 NASL outdoor season.
In 1982, Fisher joined Hubert Vogelsinger to direct Puma All-Star Soccer clinics.
In early 1989, Fisher was named general manager of the newly formed San Francisco Bay Blackhawks, a semi-professional team in the Western Soccer League (WSL).
In the early 1990s, Fisher was the owner and general manager of the Palo Alto Firebirds, a club in the United States Interregional Soccer League (USISL) based in Palo Alto, California.
Fisher coached the boys soccer team at Half Moon Bay High School in Half Moon Bay, California for two years. He resigned in 2009, saying his real estate job at Coldwell Banker did not leave him with enough time to effectively coach the team. He also previously coached the Crystal Springs Uplands High School soccer team.
In 2009, Fisher was named as executive director of the Washington State Youth Soccer Association.
In June 2021, Fisher became CEO of the California State Soccer Association – South, commonly known as Cal South.
As of 1979, Fisher had a wife, Joni, and two children, Don and Rand.
In 1979, Fisher wrote and published his first book, Star-Spangled Soccer: Playing and Coaching the American Way. His second book, Indoor Soccer, was published in November 1980. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Terry Fisher is an American soccer coach. He served as coach of the Los Angeles Aztecs and the San Jose Earthquakes of the North American Soccer League in the 1970s.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Fisher was born in 1949 or 1950 in Yellow House, Pennsylvania, and grew up in the Philadelphia area.",
"title": "Early life"
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{
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"text": "Fisher graduated high school in 1967. That summer, Fisher toured Europe on a team of American soccer players coached by Hubert Vogelsinger, visiting nine countries over three weeks, which he says got him \"hooked\" on soccer. He would travel to Europe again in 1968 as an assistant for the American International Sports Exchange, a program which sponsored young athletes on European tours. Fisher says these tours allowed him to watch many soccer matches, forming his coaching techniques and inspiring his passion for the game.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "From 1967 to 1971, he attended Hartwick College in Oneonta, New York. Fisher played on the Hartwick Hawks men's soccer team, coached by Al Miller, which advanced to the NCAA playoffs all four seasons he played.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "During these early years, Fisher coached at Stroudsburg High School in Pennsylvania, as well as in youth leagues in Oneonta and parts of southern California. Fisher says he learned from Dettmar Cramer to earn his United States Soccer Federation coaching license.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 1972, he became head coach of the men's soccer team at Whittier College. He led the Poets to their first-ever conference championship before falling in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) playoffs. He also earned a master's degree from Whittier.",
"title": "Head coaching career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 1973, he was hired to join the coaching staff of the Bruins men's soccer team at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Although his title was assistant coach, he took over most coaching responsibilities from head coach Dennis Storer, who was more focused on UCLA's rugby team. He was officially made head coach in the winter of 1973, and remained head coach through the 1974 season. While working at UCLA, he also took on a role as director of youth development for the Los Angeles Aztecs of the North American Soccer League (NASL).",
"title": "Head coaching career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "After two years with UCLA, Fisher was named head coach of the Los Angeles Aztecs ahead of the 1975 season. At 25 years old, he was the youngest coach in the NASL. He was reportedly popular among his players, but less popular among fans, who booed his appearance at home games. Under Fisher's stewardship, the Aztecs qualified for the NASL playoffs in 1975, 1976, and 1977. However, in 1978, the Aztecs started out with 5 wins and 8 losses, including 7 losses in their first 7 home games. The Aztecs fired Fisher on June 5, 1978.",
"title": "Head coaching career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "He was then hired by the San Jose Earthquakes on June 19, after they had started 5–12 and fired their previous coach Momčilo Gavric. On July 12, 1978, Fisher's Earthquakes lost 10–0 in a road game against the Detroit Express, the largest victory margin in league history, and a game that Fisher said still stood out from his tenure in a 2008 interview. Fisher attributed the Earthquakes' woes to poor talent, and said he would place an emphasis on signing American players. However, he was unable to turn the Earthquakes around, and won just 3 of his 21 games with the club. He was fired on May 20, 1979, immediately following the Earthquakes' loss to the Seattle Sounders, their 8th consecutive loss to start the season.",
"title": "Head coaching career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "On October 2, 1979, Fisher was hired by the Detroit Lightning ahead of their inaugural 1979–80 season in the Major Indoor Soccer League. Founded in a rush, the club was marked by disorganization, and only managed to obtain a general manager, a full roster, branding, and office space in the final month before the season kicked off. The Lightning finished the regular season 15–17 and lost in the playoffs to the Wichita Wings. After owner Jerry Perenchio sustained a $1.1 million loss from the first season, he dissolved the club and sold its franchise rights to the newly formed San Francisco Fog, which hired Johnny Moore as its head coach.",
"title": "Head coaching career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Fisher then went on to work as an assistant coach, first for the Houston Hurricane in 1980. Due to the club's instability (which would ultimately result in their folding after the 1980 season), he left to join the Calgary Boomers as an assistant coach in late 1980. The Boomers folded after the 1981 NASL outdoor season.",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In 1982, Fisher joined Hubert Vogelsinger to direct Puma All-Star Soccer clinics.",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In early 1989, Fisher was named general manager of the newly formed San Francisco Bay Blackhawks, a semi-professional team in the Western Soccer League (WSL).",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "In the early 1990s, Fisher was the owner and general manager of the Palo Alto Firebirds, a club in the United States Interregional Soccer League (USISL) based in Palo Alto, California.",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Fisher coached the boys soccer team at Half Moon Bay High School in Half Moon Bay, California for two years. He resigned in 2009, saying his real estate job at Coldwell Banker did not leave him with enough time to effectively coach the team. He also previously coached the Crystal Springs Uplands High School soccer team.",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "In 2009, Fisher was named as executive director of the Washington State Youth Soccer Association.",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "In June 2021, Fisher became CEO of the California State Soccer Association – South, commonly known as Cal South.",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "As of 1979, Fisher had a wife, Joni, and two children, Don and Rand.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "In 1979, Fisher wrote and published his first book, Star-Spangled Soccer: Playing and Coaching the American Way. His second book, Indoor Soccer, was published in November 1980.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Terry Fisher is an American soccer coach. He served as coach of the Los Angeles Aztecs and the San Jose Earthquakes of the North American Soccer League in the 1970s. | 2023-12-10T22:13:04Z | 2023-12-29T03:17:29Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Fisher_(soccer) |
75,533,275 | Teodoro Fernández Larrañaga | Teodoro Fernández Larrañaga (born April 11, 1948, San Sebastián, Spain) is an Chilean architect of Spanish heritage.
Fernández was born in San Sebastián, Spain, and immigrated to Chile when he was very young with his parents and siblings. He gratuated as an architect from the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile in 1972. Later, he relocated to Madrid to continue his studies. He has taught as a professor at the University of Desarrollo, University of Concepción, Ricardo Palma University in Lima, and the National University of La Plata in Argentina.
In 1998, he led the winning team of the public competition called by the City Council of Vitacura to design the Parque Bicentenario, situated on the banks of the Mapocho River. Construction began in 2006, and it was inaugurated in two stages: the first, covering 18 hectares, opened to the public in 2007. Then, in November 2011, the second and final phase was inaugurated.
In 2014 he received the National Architecture Award of Chile. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Teodoro Fernández Larrañaga (born April 11, 1948, San Sebastián, Spain) is an Chilean architect of Spanish heritage.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Fernández was born in San Sebastián, Spain, and immigrated to Chile when he was very young with his parents and siblings. He gratuated as an architect from the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile in 1972. Later, he relocated to Madrid to continue his studies. He has taught as a professor at the University of Desarrollo, University of Concepción, Ricardo Palma University in Lima, and the National University of La Plata in Argentina.",
"title": "Education and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1998, he led the winning team of the public competition called by the City Council of Vitacura to design the Parque Bicentenario, situated on the banks of the Mapocho River. Construction began in 2006, and it was inaugurated in two stages: the first, covering 18 hectares, opened to the public in 2007. Then, in November 2011, the second and final phase was inaugurated.",
"title": "Education and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2014 he received the National Architecture Award of Chile.",
"title": "Education and career"
}
] | Teodoro Fernández Larrañaga is an Chilean architect of Spanish heritage. | 2023-12-10T22:13:04Z | 2023-12-10T23:35:50Z | [
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"Template:Infobox architect",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Authority control"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodoro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Larra%C3%B1aga |
75,533,283 | 2024 WNBA draft | The 2024 WNBA Draft, the WNBA's draft for the 2024 WNBA season, will be held on April 15, 2024 following the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The draft will be the 29th in WNBA history.
The lottery selection to determine the order of the top four picks in the 2024 draft took place on December 10, 2023, and was televised on ESPN. The four non-playoff teams in 2023 qualified for the lottery drawing: Indiana Fever, Phoenix Mercury, Los Angeles Sparks, and the Seattle Storm. The Fever won the lottery for the second time in franchise history and were awarded the top pick in the draft. The rest of the order went as the following: Spark, Mercury, Storm.
The lottery odds were based on combined records from the 2022 and 2023 WNBA seasons. In the drawing, 14 balls numbered 1–14 are placed in a lottery machine and mixed. Four balls are drawn to determine a four-digit combination (only 11–12–13–14 is ignored and redrawn). The team to which that four-ball combination is assigned receives the No. 1 pick. The four balls are then placed back into the machine and the process is repeated to determine the second pick. The two teams whose numerical combinations do not come up in the lottery will select in the inverse order of their two-year cumulative record. Ernst & Young knows the discreet results before they are announced. The order of selection for the remainder of the first round as well as the second and third rounds was determined by inverse order of the teams' respective regular-season records solely from 2022.
Under the current collective bargaining agreement (CBA) between the WNBA and its players' union, draft eligibility for players not defined as "international" requires the following to be true:
A player who is scheduled to receive her bachelor's degree within 3 months of the draft date, and is younger than the cutoff age, is only eligible if the calendar year of the draft is no earlier than the fourth after her high school graduation.
Players with remaining college eligibility who meet the cutoff age must notify the WNBA headquarters of their intent to enter the draft no later than 10 days before the draft date, and must renounce any remaining college eligibility to do so. A separate notification timetable is provided for players involved in postseason tournaments (most notably the NCAA Division I tournament); those players (normally) must declare for the draft within 24 hours of their final game.
"International players" are defined as those for whom all of the following is true:
For "international players", the eligibility age is 20, also measured on December 31 of the year of the draft. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 WNBA Draft, the WNBA's draft for the 2024 WNBA season, will be held on April 15, 2024 following the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The draft will be the 29th in WNBA history.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The lottery selection to determine the order of the top four picks in the 2024 draft took place on December 10, 2023, and was televised on ESPN. The four non-playoff teams in 2023 qualified for the lottery drawing: Indiana Fever, Phoenix Mercury, Los Angeles Sparks, and the Seattle Storm. The Fever won the lottery for the second time in franchise history and were awarded the top pick in the draft. The rest of the order went as the following: Spark, Mercury, Storm.",
"title": "Draft lottery"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The lottery odds were based on combined records from the 2022 and 2023 WNBA seasons. In the drawing, 14 balls numbered 1–14 are placed in a lottery machine and mixed. Four balls are drawn to determine a four-digit combination (only 11–12–13–14 is ignored and redrawn). The team to which that four-ball combination is assigned receives the No. 1 pick. The four balls are then placed back into the machine and the process is repeated to determine the second pick. The two teams whose numerical combinations do not come up in the lottery will select in the inverse order of their two-year cumulative record. Ernst & Young knows the discreet results before they are announced. The order of selection for the remainder of the first round as well as the second and third rounds was determined by inverse order of the teams' respective regular-season records solely from 2022.",
"title": "Draft lottery"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Under the current collective bargaining agreement (CBA) between the WNBA and its players' union, draft eligibility for players not defined as \"international\" requires the following to be true:",
"title": "Eligibility"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "A player who is scheduled to receive her bachelor's degree within 3 months of the draft date, and is younger than the cutoff age, is only eligible if the calendar year of the draft is no earlier than the fourth after her high school graduation.",
"title": "Eligibility"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Players with remaining college eligibility who meet the cutoff age must notify the WNBA headquarters of their intent to enter the draft no later than 10 days before the draft date, and must renounce any remaining college eligibility to do so. A separate notification timetable is provided for players involved in postseason tournaments (most notably the NCAA Division I tournament); those players (normally) must declare for the draft within 24 hours of their final game.",
"title": "Eligibility"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "\"International players\" are defined as those for whom all of the following is true:",
"title": "Eligibility"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "For \"international players\", the eligibility age is 20, also measured on December 31 of the year of the draft.",
"title": "Eligibility"
}
] | The 2024 WNBA Draft, the WNBA's draft for the 2024 WNBA season, will be held on April 15, 2024 following the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The draft will be the 29th in WNBA history. | 2023-12-10T22:15:14Z | 2023-12-21T14:23:13Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_WNBA_draft |
75,533,298 | List of Chinese films of 2022 | The following is a list of Chinese films released in 2022.
The highest-grossing Chinese films released in 2022, by domestic box office gross revenue, are as follows: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The following is a list of Chinese films released in 2022.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The highest-grossing Chinese films released in 2022, by domestic box office gross revenue, are as follows:",
"title": "Box office"
}
] | The following is a list of Chinese films released in 2022. | 2023-12-10T22:18:43Z | 2023-12-31T08:14:01Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Chinese film list",
"Template:Reflist",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_films_of_2022 |
75,533,307 | Syzygium quadrangulatum | Syzygium quadrangulatum is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Fiji and Tonga. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Syzygium quadrangulatum is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Fiji and Tonga.",
"title": ""
}
] | Syzygium quadrangulatum is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to Fiji and Tonga. | 2023-12-10T22:21:09Z | 2023-12-10T22:30:14Z | [
"Template:Short description",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium_quadrangulatum |
75,533,339 | Battle of Takellote | On July 26, 2017, clashes broke out between the pro-government GATIA Imghad Tuareg militia and anti-government Idnane Tuareg rebels from the Coordination of Azawad Movements.
In the Algiers Agreement of 2015, most Tuareg groups signed a peace treaty with each other and the Malian government. Despite this, clashes still broke out between the pro-government GATIA, comprised of Imghad Tuaregs (considered a vassal clan of Tuaregs) and the Idnane Tuaregs (a higher-ranked clan of Tuareg) armed groups of the coalition Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA). The most notable fighting between the two groups occurred in 2016, and then again in June 2017. The second spate of fighting caused between ten and thirty deaths on both sides, with RFI stating that "assassinations, kidnapping, and even branding ... incidents were increasing." These incidents were in Kidal Region, which is traditionally Idnane Tuareg territory, although the Malian government through GATIA wanted to expand control over the region and dilute CMA control.
On July 6, 2017, clashes between GATIA and the CMA left three people dead near Aguelhok. Renewed fighting broke out in Anefif five days later on July 11, with the CMA capturing the city. Negotiations between GATIA and the CMA restarted, but failed on July 19. GATIA insisted that Anefif should be under control of "neutral forces" like MINUSMA, the French Army, or the Malian Army. The CMA refused this, stating that the Malian army was not a neutral party in the conflict.
A majority of the violence was perpetrated by GATIA against Idnane Tuaregs aligned with the CMA, according to a Jeune Afrique report. The report alleged that the attacks by GATIA occurred during Ramadan, when CMA fighters had left to spend the holy month with their families. When Ramadan was over, the CMA was back at full capacity and had more of a desire to fight GATIA.
Clashes broke out on July 26 in the vicinity of Takellote, about 40 to 45 kilometers south of Kidal. The fighting began early in the morning, when a CMA column headed towards the town. Takellote at the time was a stronghold for GATIA fighters, which the CMA suspected of planning an offensive towards CMA-controlled Kidal. The CMA benefitted from a numerical advantage and the element of surprise during the battle. Shortly before noon, the CMA seized the town, later releasing a statement announcing they "disabled" all GATIA positions around Kidal.
RFI reported that several dozen fighters were killed. AFP reported that GATIA had several dozen fighters killed, and several dozen taken prisoner. On the other hand, the CMA has two deaths and several injured. Oumar Ag Acherif, a CMA spokesperson, stated at least 50 GATIA fighters were killed and 39 were taken prisoner. Another CMA source stated at least thirteen GATIA fighters were killed, and four killed in the CMA, including the second-in-command to the MNLA, Mohamed Ag Najem. A resident of Kidal stated he saw fifty GATIA fighters taken prisoner, and three wounded taken to Kidal hospital.Fahad Ag al-Mahmoud, secretary-general of GATIA, mentioned that GATIA had twenty killed and that the CMA had two killed and five injured.
GATIA released a statement confirming they had fighters killed, some fighters injured that were taken to Gao, and that they had killed some CMA fighters. The CMA stated that they had captured prisoners, and urged the Red Cross to come visit. Wounded from the CMA were treated in Kidal, and wounded from GATIA were treated in Gao.
On August 11, Guillaume Ngefa, the director of human rights of MINUSMA, stated that the CMA had detained thirty-three GATIA fighters in the battle, including eight minors. The minors were returned to MINUSMA that same day.
The CMA attacked GATIA positions in Inafarak, northwest of In Khalil, on July 27. After this, GATIA retreated towards Gao. CMA fighters pushed further south on July 29, entering Ménaka, an Imghad Tuareg stronghold. The CMA faced no resistance from the Malian Army or Movement for the Salvation of Azawad, which controlled the town. The MSA stated that they remained neutral in the conflict between GATIA and the CMA. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "On July 26, 2017, clashes broke out between the pro-government GATIA Imghad Tuareg militia and anti-government Idnane Tuareg rebels from the Coordination of Azawad Movements.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In the Algiers Agreement of 2015, most Tuareg groups signed a peace treaty with each other and the Malian government. Despite this, clashes still broke out between the pro-government GATIA, comprised of Imghad Tuaregs (considered a vassal clan of Tuaregs) and the Idnane Tuaregs (a higher-ranked clan of Tuareg) armed groups of the coalition Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA). The most notable fighting between the two groups occurred in 2016, and then again in June 2017. The second spate of fighting caused between ten and thirty deaths on both sides, with RFI stating that \"assassinations, kidnapping, and even branding ... incidents were increasing.\" These incidents were in Kidal Region, which is traditionally Idnane Tuareg territory, although the Malian government through GATIA wanted to expand control over the region and dilute CMA control.",
"title": "Background and Kidal Region campaign"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On July 6, 2017, clashes between GATIA and the CMA left three people dead near Aguelhok. Renewed fighting broke out in Anefif five days later on July 11, with the CMA capturing the city. Negotiations between GATIA and the CMA restarted, but failed on July 19. GATIA insisted that Anefif should be under control of \"neutral forces\" like MINUSMA, the French Army, or the Malian Army. The CMA refused this, stating that the Malian army was not a neutral party in the conflict.",
"title": "Background and Kidal Region campaign"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "A majority of the violence was perpetrated by GATIA against Idnane Tuaregs aligned with the CMA, according to a Jeune Afrique report. The report alleged that the attacks by GATIA occurred during Ramadan, when CMA fighters had left to spend the holy month with their families. When Ramadan was over, the CMA was back at full capacity and had more of a desire to fight GATIA.",
"title": "Background and Kidal Region campaign"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Clashes broke out on July 26 in the vicinity of Takellote, about 40 to 45 kilometers south of Kidal. The fighting began early in the morning, when a CMA column headed towards the town. Takellote at the time was a stronghold for GATIA fighters, which the CMA suspected of planning an offensive towards CMA-controlled Kidal. The CMA benefitted from a numerical advantage and the element of surprise during the battle. Shortly before noon, the CMA seized the town, later releasing a statement announcing they \"disabled\" all GATIA positions around Kidal.",
"title": "Battle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "RFI reported that several dozen fighters were killed. AFP reported that GATIA had several dozen fighters killed, and several dozen taken prisoner. On the other hand, the CMA has two deaths and several injured. Oumar Ag Acherif, a CMA spokesperson, stated at least 50 GATIA fighters were killed and 39 were taken prisoner. Another CMA source stated at least thirteen GATIA fighters were killed, and four killed in the CMA, including the second-in-command to the MNLA, Mohamed Ag Najem. A resident of Kidal stated he saw fifty GATIA fighters taken prisoner, and three wounded taken to Kidal hospital.Fahad Ag al-Mahmoud, secretary-general of GATIA, mentioned that GATIA had twenty killed and that the CMA had two killed and five injured.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "GATIA released a statement confirming they had fighters killed, some fighters injured that were taken to Gao, and that they had killed some CMA fighters. The CMA stated that they had captured prisoners, and urged the Red Cross to come visit. Wounded from the CMA were treated in Kidal, and wounded from GATIA were treated in Gao.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "On August 11, Guillaume Ngefa, the director of human rights of MINUSMA, stated that the CMA had detained thirty-three GATIA fighters in the battle, including eight minors. The minors were returned to MINUSMA that same day.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The CMA attacked GATIA positions in Inafarak, northwest of In Khalil, on July 27. After this, GATIA retreated towards Gao. CMA fighters pushed further south on July 29, entering Ménaka, an Imghad Tuareg stronghold. The CMA faced no resistance from the Malian Army or Movement for the Salvation of Azawad, which controlled the town. The MSA stated that they remained neutral in the conflict between GATIA and the CMA.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] | On July 26, 2017, clashes broke out between the pro-government GATIA Imghad Tuareg militia and anti-government Idnane Tuareg rebels from the Coordination of Azawad Movements. | 2023-12-10T22:25:10Z | 2023-12-12T17:14:09Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Takellote |
75,533,356 | The Dream Merchants | [] | 2023-12-10T22:28:06Z | 2023-12-11T00:00:37Z | [
"Template:Redirect category shell"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dream_Merchants |
||
75,533,361 | Brian Seaworth | Brian Seaworth is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the Merrimack 12th district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.
Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Place of birth missing (living people) Category:Republican Party members of the New Hampshire House of Representatives Category:21st-century American politicians | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Brian Seaworth is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the Merrimack 12th district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Place of birth missing (living people) Category:Republican Party members of the New Hampshire House of Representatives Category:21st-century American politicians",
"title": "References"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Brian Seaworth is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the Merrimack 12th district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives. | 2023-12-10T22:28:58Z | 2023-12-11T04:22:44Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Seaworth |
75,533,413 | Robert D. Morrow Sr. | Robert D. Morrow Sr. (December 31, 1894 – August 25, 1985), also known as R. D. Morrow, was an American politician. He served as treasurer of Mississippi from 1956 to 1960.
Morrow was born in Monroe County, Mississippi.
Morrow served as treasurer of Mississippi from 1956 to 1960.
Morrow died on August 25, 1985, at the age of 90. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Robert D. Morrow Sr. (December 31, 1894 – August 25, 1985), also known as R. D. Morrow, was an American politician. He served as treasurer of Mississippi from 1956 to 1960.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Morrow was born in Monroe County, Mississippi.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Morrow served as treasurer of Mississippi from 1956 to 1960.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Morrow died on August 25, 1985, at the age of 90.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Robert D. Morrow Sr., also known as R. D. Morrow, was an American politician. He served as treasurer of Mississippi from 1956 to 1960. | 2023-12-10T22:35:27Z | 2023-12-18T00:25:30Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_D._Morrow_Sr. |
75,533,424 | Syzygium richii | Syzygium richii is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree or shrub native to Fiji, Tonga, and Vanuatu.
Syzygium richii is a shrub or small tree growing up to 10 meters tall. It is most often found in shoreline and coastal strand vegetation, and occasionally in lowland and secondary forest, generally below 100 and occasionally up to 300 meters elevation. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Syzygium richii is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree or shrub native to Fiji, Tonga, and Vanuatu.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Syzygium richii is a shrub or small tree growing up to 10 meters tall. It is most often found in shoreline and coastal strand vegetation, and occasionally in lowland and secondary forest, generally below 100 and occasionally up to 300 meters elevation.",
"title": ""
}
] | Syzygium richii is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree or shrub native to Fiji, Tonga, and Vanuatu. Syzygium richii is a shrub or small tree growing up to 10 meters tall. It is most often found in shoreline and coastal strand vegetation, and occasionally in lowland and secondary forest, generally below 100 and occasionally up to 300 meters elevation. | 2023-12-10T22:37:02Z | 2023-12-13T07:50:31Z | [
"Template:Short description",
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75,533,433 | Steve Anderson (author) | Steve Anderson (born 1966) is American writer, freelance editor and translator of German fiction. He is best known for his novels the Kaspar Brothers.
Anderson was born on 1966 in Southeast Portland. He was adopted at birth by a couple who lived through the Second World War, he attributes his intrigue with Germanic influences to his adoptive mother. He earned a master of arts in History in Portland State University and planned to be a history professor. Later, He became a Fulbright Fellow in Munich, Germany where he got interested in writing fiction.
He had worked in advertising, marketing, and journalism with the Associated Press. well as a waiter, Associated Press rookie, and language instructor.
In 2002, He laid in the Philippine national beach soccer championship.
He lives on Portland, Oregon with his wife René.
Anderson translated many book from German over the years including..
In 2015, Anderson took part in TransLab for emerging translators of German to English, a collaboration between the German Book Office NY and the Goethe-Institut NY.
In 2018, He had a residency at the Europäisches Übersetzer-Kollegium (European Translator College) in Straelen, Germany with a stipend award from the Kunststiftung NRW (Arts Foundation North Rhine-Westphalia).
In 2022, He was Long-listed for the Crime Writers’ Association Dagger Award for Crime Fiction in Translation.
As a screenwriter, His works were nominated to many awards including Quarterfinalist for the 2009 Nicholl Fellowships.
In 2010, Anderson self-published his first novel The Losing Role. The novel was the first book in the Kaspar Brothers series.
During the years Anderson published novels, short stories, non-fiction books and screenplays. | [
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"text": "Steve Anderson (born 1966) is American writer, freelance editor and translator of German fiction. He is best known for his novels the Kaspar Brothers.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Anderson was born on 1966 in Southeast Portland. He was adopted at birth by a couple who lived through the Second World War, he attributes his intrigue with Germanic influences to his adoptive mother. He earned a master of arts in History in Portland State University and planned to be a history professor. Later, He became a Fulbright Fellow in Munich, Germany where he got interested in writing fiction.",
"title": "Personal life"
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"text": "In 2002, He laid in the Philippine national beach soccer championship.",
"title": "Personal life"
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"text": "He lives on Portland, Oregon with his wife René.",
"title": "Personal life"
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"text": "Anderson translated many book from German over the years including..",
"title": "Career"
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"text": "In 2015, Anderson took part in TransLab for emerging translators of German to English, a collaboration between the German Book Office NY and the Goethe-Institut NY.",
"title": "Career"
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"text": "In 2018, He had a residency at the Europäisches Übersetzer-Kollegium (European Translator College) in Straelen, Germany with a stipend award from the Kunststiftung NRW (Arts Foundation North Rhine-Westphalia).",
"title": "Career"
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"text": "In 2022, He was Long-listed for the Crime Writers’ Association Dagger Award for Crime Fiction in Translation.",
"title": "Career"
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"text": "As a screenwriter, His works were nominated to many awards including Quarterfinalist for the 2009 Nicholl Fellowships.",
"title": "Career"
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"text": "In 2010, Anderson self-published his first novel The Losing Role. The novel was the first book in the Kaspar Brothers series.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "During the years Anderson published novels, short stories, non-fiction books and screenplays.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Steve Anderson is American writer, freelance editor and translator of German fiction. He is best known for his novels the Kaspar Brothers. | 2023-12-10T22:38:31Z | 2024-01-01T01:16:57Z | [
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75,533,442 | Maikel Boon | MCH (Maikel) Boon (born May 11, 1982) is a Dutch politician and former Dutch army officer representing the Party for Freedom (PVV). He has been a member of the Provincial Council of North Brabant since 2015 and was elected to the House of Representatives in 2023.
Boon was born in The Hague in 1982. He completed MAVO and HAVO education in Bergen op Zoom before joining the Royal Dutch Army. He served a tour of Afghanistan in 2006 as part of the 44 Armored Infantry in 2006 in Uruzgan Province. After leaving the army he worked as a prison guard.
Boon was elected to the Provincial Council of North Brabant on behalf of the PVV in 2015. During the 2023 Dutch general election he was elected as an MP in the House of Representatives, taking up 24th place on the PVV's list. | [
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"text": "MCH (Maikel) Boon (born May 11, 1982) is a Dutch politician and former Dutch army officer representing the Party for Freedom (PVV). He has been a member of the Provincial Council of North Brabant since 2015 and was elected to the House of Representatives in 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Boon was born in The Hague in 1982. He completed MAVO and HAVO education in Bergen op Zoom before joining the Royal Dutch Army. He served a tour of Afghanistan in 2006 as part of the 44 Armored Infantry in 2006 in Uruzgan Province. After leaving the army he worked as a prison guard.",
"title": "Biography"
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"text": "Boon was elected to the Provincial Council of North Brabant on behalf of the PVV in 2015. During the 2023 Dutch general election he was elected as an MP in the House of Representatives, taking up 24th place on the PVV's list.",
"title": "Biography"
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] | MCH (Maikel) Boon is a Dutch politician and former Dutch army officer representing the Party for Freedom (PVV). He has been a member of the Provincial Council of North Brabant since 2015 and was elected to the House of Representatives in 2023. | 2023-12-10T22:39:27Z | 2023-12-24T13:49:56Z | [
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75,533,477 | National Architecture Award of Chile | The National Architecture Award of Chile (Spanish: Premio Nacional de Arquitectura de Chile) is the highest distinction that an architect can receive in Chile, granted annually by the Colegio de Arquitectos de Chile.
It was first given in 1969 on a yearly basis until 1977. Since then, the award is granted every other year. The award acknowledges "whose career and ethical and professional performance have set an example for all architects." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The National Architecture Award of Chile (Spanish: Premio Nacional de Arquitectura de Chile) is the highest distinction that an architect can receive in Chile, granted annually by the Colegio de Arquitectos de Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It was first given in 1969 on a yearly basis until 1977. Since then, the award is granted every other year. The award acknowledges \"whose career and ethical and professional performance have set an example for all architects.\"",
"title": ""
}
] | The National Architecture Award of Chile is the highest distinction that an architect can receive in Chile, granted annually by the Colegio de Arquitectos de Chile. It was first given in 1969 on a yearly basis until 1977. Since then, the award is granted every other year. The award acknowledges "whose career and ethical and professional performance have set an example for all architects." | 2023-12-10T22:45:44Z | 2023-12-10T23:31:12Z | [
"Template:Infobox award",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Architecture_Award_of_Chile |
75,533,479 | The Yellow House (Washington, D.C.) | The Yellow House was the slave jail of the Williams brothers in Washington, D.C. It was located across from where the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden stands today. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Yellow House was the slave jail of the Williams brothers in Washington, D.C. It was located across from where the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden stands today.",
"title": ""
}
] | The Yellow House was the slave jail of the Williams brothers in Washington, D.C. It was located across from where the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden stands today. | 2023-12-10T22:46:04Z | 2023-12-11T16:19:03Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Yellow_House_(Washington,_D.C.) |
75,533,496 | Syzygium dubium | Syzygium dubium is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree endemic to the island of Vanua Levu in Fiji, where it is known from the Wainunu catchment.
Little is known about the species, and there are few collections and observations. Its conservation status is assessed as Data Deficient. | [
{
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"text": "Syzygium dubium is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree endemic to the island of Vanua Levu in Fiji, where it is known from the Wainunu catchment.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Little is known about the species, and there are few collections and observations. Its conservation status is assessed as Data Deficient.",
"title": ""
}
] | Syzygium dubium is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree endemic to the island of Vanua Levu in Fiji, where it is known from the Wainunu catchment. Little is known about the species, and there are few collections and observations. Its conservation status is assessed as Data Deficient. | 2023-12-10T22:50:55Z | 2023-12-12T22:14:22Z | [
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75,533,501 | BBC Africa Eye | BBC Africa Eye is an investigative branch of the BBC World Service. It has a network of local and investigative journalists and researchers working across Africa and produces an award-winning bi-weekly TV and online investigations series broadcast in English, Hausa, Swahili and French. The series focuses on topics that are of interest and concern to young and underserved audience and aims to strengthen and encourage investigative journalism across Africa.
BBC Africa Eye has produced over 100 investigative journalism documentaries in countries such as Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, Cameroon, Uganda, Ethiopia, Tanzania and South Africa which have won dozens of awards. Productions range from ten minutes to nearly an hour, and include in-depth undercover investigations as well as open-source journalistic investigations. BBC Africa Eye's coverage has been credited with restoring Nigerian audience's faith in Western media. However, researchers have questioned how far the documentaries constitute a departure from typical Western media coverage of Africa.
Africa Eye was esablished April 2018 as part of the largest expansion of the BBC World Service since the 1940s. Nisha Kapur, Commissioning Editor for TV said: “Africa Eye will promote the culture of investigative journalism across Africa and strengthen the skills of African investigative journalists. All of the programmes will be based on in-depth reporting that holds power to account. They will tackle topics that are of intense interest and concern to audiences in Africa. These reports will be produced in a fresh and contemporary style that resonates with young audiences."
The series' first documentary was a co-production between Africa Eye and BBC Pidgin, titled Sweet Sweet Codeine. The documentary followed Nigerian journalists Ruona Meyer and Adejuwon Soyinka's undercover investigation, which revealed widespread abuse of a prescription cough medicine laced with an opioid drug, codeine. Less than 24 hours after the documentay was released, the Nigerian government banned the import and manufacture of codeine-based syrup. The film was nominated for an International Emmy and won the One World Media TV Documentary Award 2019.
Analysis of footage from June 2018 exposed Cameroon's Rapid Intervention Battalion soldiers burning civilian houses down in the Southwest Region, a region where journalists have been systematically denied access in an effort to prevent coverage of the Anglophone Crisis.
BBC Africa Eye used more than 300 videos shot on protestors' phone at the Khartoum massacre on 3 June 2019 in Sudan to report on the killing of over 100 people. The documentary, Sudan’s Livestream Massacre, exposed Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, who previously ran the notorious government-backed Janjaweed militias, as ordering the massacre.
During the Libyan civil war, the BBC Africa Eye and BBC Arabic Documentaries revealed that a drone operated by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) killed 26 young cadets at a military academy in Tripoli, on 4 January. Most of the cadets were teenagers and none of them were armed. The Chinese-made drone Wing Loong II fired Blue Arrow 7 missile, which was operated from UAE-run Al-Khadim Libyan air base. In February, these drones stationed in Libya were moved to an air base near Siwa in the western Egyptian desert. Subsequently, The Guardian probed and discovered the blatant violation of UN arms embargo by the UAE and Turkey on 7 October 2020.
In April, 2021, BBC Africa Eye, in collaboration with Bellingcat and Newsy confirmed the authenticity of footage of the Mahbere Dego massacres in Tigray, evidence in the war crimes in the Tigray War.
Sweet Sweet Codeine (premiered April 30, 2018) was BBC Africa Eye's first documentary. It revealed widespread abuse of a prescription cough medicine laced with an opioid drug, codeine. The Nigerial government had previously estimated more than three million bottles of codeine syrup were being consumed every day in just two states. These syrups can cause organ failure if overused. The Nigerian government banned the import and manufacture of codeine-based syrup within 24-hours of the documentary's premier. Later, the Nigerian federal govenment recalled more than 2.4 million bottles of codeine cough syrup from the market and the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control raided four pharmaceutical companies, dozens of dealers were arrested, and the Nigerian Drug Law Enforcement Agency allocated resources to prevent smuggling.
Following the release of the documentary, the Pharmacy Council of Ghana launched an investigation into the abuse of codeine and another painkiller, Tramadol, and in June 2018, as part of the country's National Medicines Policy review, Health Minister Kwaku Agyemang-Manu banned all production and importation of codeine syrup.
A 2021 UN report on pharmaceutical opioids trafficking in West Africa found the bans which followed the airing of Sweet Sweet Codeine curbed both the demand and availability of codeine-based medications. However, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes noted that the bans sometimes lacked administrative support, accompanying enforcement measures and were weakened by ineffective border controls. Additionally, while the significant increase of syrup prices detered many users, it also made smuggling of codeine medications more lucrative.
Sweet Sweet Codeine was the first time a Nigerian film and a BBC World Service production was nominated for an Emmy.
Ghanian investigative journalist Anas Aremeyaw Anas went undercover his investigative film Number 12, a version of which premiered in June, 2018 under the title Betraying The Game as part BBC Africa Eye, who provided technical support for the investigation and secured the right to show it to a global audience. Ghanaian President of the Football Association, Kwesi Nyantakyi, was forced to resign following the documentary.
Rehab Nightmare (premiered July 29, 2018) documented Islamic rehab centres in Nairobi, Kenya where patients are routinely tortured, abused and beaten. One of the institutions featured in the documentary, the Darushifa Rehabilitation Centre in Nairobi’s Eastleigh, was closed within days of the documentary's premiere. Kenyan authorities shut down two other illegal centres and arrested their staff following the release of the documentary. In 2022, the Kenyan Directorate of Criminal Investigations said it had partnered with the United States embassy in Nairobi, Immigration Services and the Office of the Directorate of Public Prosecution to contain illegal operations of rehabilitation centres.
In partnership with Amnesty International, Bellingcat and independent analysts on Twitter, Anatomy of a Killing (premiered September 23, 2018) was an open source investigation which exposed the people behind the execution of four civilians (two women and two children) from a viral video. The perpetrators were part of the Cameroonian army, and the three of the individuals who pulled the triggers were ultimately identified. Seven Cameroonian soldiers were tried, five convicted and four jailed for ten years for the murder of the four civilians. The production won a Peabody Award.
In Sex for Grades (premiered October 8, 2019) Nigerian investigative journalist Kiki Mordi exposed lecturers sexually harassing students in University of Lagos and University of Ghana. Dr. Samuel Oladipo and Dr. Boniface Igbeneghu of University of Lagos, Dr. Ransford Gyampo and Dr. Paul Kwame Butakor of University of Ghana were the lecturers implicated in a viral video that came with the exposé. After the exposé, Gyampo threatened to sue the BBC. Due to the documentary, University of Lagos suspended Igbeneghu and Foursquare Gospel Church asked him to step down from the pulpit. Oladipo was also suspended following the release of the documentary. A "Cold Room" caught in the video where lecturers sexually harass students was shut down by the University of Lagos. Immediately after the release of the documentary, the Nigerian senate re-introduced the anti-sexual harassment bill and was read on the floor of the senate. On 9 July 2020, the Nigerian Senate passed the anti-sexual harassment bill, while proposing up to 14 years jail term for offenders. Nigerian universities have increasingly instituted sexual harassment policies, however, the effectiveness of these policies have been questioned by scholars who note the lack of deep engagement by universities with questions of gender inequality. The documentary was was nominated for an international Emmy.
The Baby Stealers (premiered November 15, 2020) revealed government and private hospitals were complicit in the theft and trafficking of babies, taken from their mothers without consent. The investigation also revealed alleged corruption at Mama Lucy Kibaki, a public hospital in Nairobi. In the wake of the BBC Africa Eye story, police chief Hillary Mutyambai ordered an investigation into hospitals, as well as children's homes in the Kenyan capital. Kenyan authorities arrested people allegedly running a child-trafficking syndicate. At least two of the people involved in trafficking infants have been convicted as of 2023. The Baby Stealers was the first time a Kenyan production was nominated for an international Emmy. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "BBC Africa Eye is an investigative branch of the BBC World Service. It has a network of local and investigative journalists and researchers working across Africa and produces an award-winning bi-weekly TV and online investigations series broadcast in English, Hausa, Swahili and French. The series focuses on topics that are of interest and concern to young and underserved audience and aims to strengthen and encourage investigative journalism across Africa.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "BBC Africa Eye has produced over 100 investigative journalism documentaries in countries such as Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, Cameroon, Uganda, Ethiopia, Tanzania and South Africa which have won dozens of awards. Productions range from ten minutes to nearly an hour, and include in-depth undercover investigations as well as open-source journalistic investigations. BBC Africa Eye's coverage has been credited with restoring Nigerian audience's faith in Western media. However, researchers have questioned how far the documentaries constitute a departure from typical Western media coverage of Africa.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Africa Eye was esablished April 2018 as part of the largest expansion of the BBC World Service since the 1940s. Nisha Kapur, Commissioning Editor for TV said: “Africa Eye will promote the culture of investigative journalism across Africa and strengthen the skills of African investigative journalists. All of the programmes will be based on in-depth reporting that holds power to account. They will tackle topics that are of intense interest and concern to audiences in Africa. These reports will be produced in a fresh and contemporary style that resonates with young audiences.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The series' first documentary was a co-production between Africa Eye and BBC Pidgin, titled Sweet Sweet Codeine. The documentary followed Nigerian journalists Ruona Meyer and Adejuwon Soyinka's undercover investigation, which revealed widespread abuse of a prescription cough medicine laced with an opioid drug, codeine. Less than 24 hours after the documentay was released, the Nigerian government banned the import and manufacture of codeine-based syrup. The film was nominated for an International Emmy and won the One World Media TV Documentary Award 2019.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Analysis of footage from June 2018 exposed Cameroon's Rapid Intervention Battalion soldiers burning civilian houses down in the Southwest Region, a region where journalists have been systematically denied access in an effort to prevent coverage of the Anglophone Crisis.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "BBC Africa Eye used more than 300 videos shot on protestors' phone at the Khartoum massacre on 3 June 2019 in Sudan to report on the killing of over 100 people. The documentary, Sudan’s Livestream Massacre, exposed Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, who previously ran the notorious government-backed Janjaweed militias, as ordering the massacre.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "During the Libyan civil war, the BBC Africa Eye and BBC Arabic Documentaries revealed that a drone operated by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) killed 26 young cadets at a military academy in Tripoli, on 4 January. Most of the cadets were teenagers and none of them were armed. The Chinese-made drone Wing Loong II fired Blue Arrow 7 missile, which was operated from UAE-run Al-Khadim Libyan air base. In February, these drones stationed in Libya were moved to an air base near Siwa in the western Egyptian desert. Subsequently, The Guardian probed and discovered the blatant violation of UN arms embargo by the UAE and Turkey on 7 October 2020.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In April, 2021, BBC Africa Eye, in collaboration with Bellingcat and Newsy confirmed the authenticity of footage of the Mahbere Dego massacres in Tigray, evidence in the war crimes in the Tigray War.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Sweet Sweet Codeine (premiered April 30, 2018) was BBC Africa Eye's first documentary. It revealed widespread abuse of a prescription cough medicine laced with an opioid drug, codeine. The Nigerial government had previously estimated more than three million bottles of codeine syrup were being consumed every day in just two states. These syrups can cause organ failure if overused. The Nigerian government banned the import and manufacture of codeine-based syrup within 24-hours of the documentary's premier. Later, the Nigerian federal govenment recalled more than 2.4 million bottles of codeine cough syrup from the market and the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control raided four pharmaceutical companies, dozens of dealers were arrested, and the Nigerian Drug Law Enforcement Agency allocated resources to prevent smuggling.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Following the release of the documentary, the Pharmacy Council of Ghana launched an investigation into the abuse of codeine and another painkiller, Tramadol, and in June 2018, as part of the country's National Medicines Policy review, Health Minister Kwaku Agyemang-Manu banned all production and importation of codeine syrup.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "A 2021 UN report on pharmaceutical opioids trafficking in West Africa found the bans which followed the airing of Sweet Sweet Codeine curbed both the demand and availability of codeine-based medications. However, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes noted that the bans sometimes lacked administrative support, accompanying enforcement measures and were weakened by ineffective border controls. Additionally, while the significant increase of syrup prices detered many users, it also made smuggling of codeine medications more lucrative.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Sweet Sweet Codeine was the first time a Nigerian film and a BBC World Service production was nominated for an Emmy.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Ghanian investigative journalist Anas Aremeyaw Anas went undercover his investigative film Number 12, a version of which premiered in June, 2018 under the title Betraying The Game as part BBC Africa Eye, who provided technical support for the investigation and secured the right to show it to a global audience. Ghanaian President of the Football Association, Kwesi Nyantakyi, was forced to resign following the documentary.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Rehab Nightmare (premiered July 29, 2018) documented Islamic rehab centres in Nairobi, Kenya where patients are routinely tortured, abused and beaten. One of the institutions featured in the documentary, the Darushifa Rehabilitation Centre in Nairobi’s Eastleigh, was closed within days of the documentary's premiere. Kenyan authorities shut down two other illegal centres and arrested their staff following the release of the documentary. In 2022, the Kenyan Directorate of Criminal Investigations said it had partnered with the United States embassy in Nairobi, Immigration Services and the Office of the Directorate of Public Prosecution to contain illegal operations of rehabilitation centres.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In partnership with Amnesty International, Bellingcat and independent analysts on Twitter, Anatomy of a Killing (premiered September 23, 2018) was an open source investigation which exposed the people behind the execution of four civilians (two women and two children) from a viral video. The perpetrators were part of the Cameroonian army, and the three of the individuals who pulled the triggers were ultimately identified. Seven Cameroonian soldiers were tried, five convicted and four jailed for ten years for the murder of the four civilians. The production won a Peabody Award.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "In Sex for Grades (premiered October 8, 2019) Nigerian investigative journalist Kiki Mordi exposed lecturers sexually harassing students in University of Lagos and University of Ghana. Dr. Samuel Oladipo and Dr. Boniface Igbeneghu of University of Lagos, Dr. Ransford Gyampo and Dr. Paul Kwame Butakor of University of Ghana were the lecturers implicated in a viral video that came with the exposé. After the exposé, Gyampo threatened to sue the BBC. Due to the documentary, University of Lagos suspended Igbeneghu and Foursquare Gospel Church asked him to step down from the pulpit. Oladipo was also suspended following the release of the documentary. A \"Cold Room\" caught in the video where lecturers sexually harass students was shut down by the University of Lagos. Immediately after the release of the documentary, the Nigerian senate re-introduced the anti-sexual harassment bill and was read on the floor of the senate. On 9 July 2020, the Nigerian Senate passed the anti-sexual harassment bill, while proposing up to 14 years jail term for offenders. Nigerian universities have increasingly instituted sexual harassment policies, however, the effectiveness of these policies have been questioned by scholars who note the lack of deep engagement by universities with questions of gender inequality. The documentary was was nominated for an international Emmy.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "The Baby Stealers (premiered November 15, 2020) revealed government and private hospitals were complicit in the theft and trafficking of babies, taken from their mothers without consent. The investigation also revealed alleged corruption at Mama Lucy Kibaki, a public hospital in Nairobi. In the wake of the BBC Africa Eye story, police chief Hillary Mutyambai ordered an investigation into hospitals, as well as children's homes in the Kenyan capital. Kenyan authorities arrested people allegedly running a child-trafficking syndicate. At least two of the people involved in trafficking infants have been convicted as of 2023. The Baby Stealers was the first time a Kenyan production was nominated for an international Emmy.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "",
"title": "Notable productions"
}
] | BBC Africa Eye is an investigative branch of the BBC World Service. It has a network of local and investigative journalists and researchers working across Africa and produces an award-winning bi-weekly TV and online investigations series broadcast in English, Hausa, Swahili and French. The series focuses on topics that are of interest and concern to young and underserved audience and aims to strengthen and encourage investigative journalism across Africa. BBC Africa Eye has produced over 100 investigative journalism documentaries in countries such as Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, Cameroon, Uganda, Ethiopia, Tanzania and South Africa which have won dozens of awards. Productions range from ten minutes to nearly an hour, and include in-depth undercover investigations as well as open-source journalistic investigations. BBC Africa Eye's coverage has been credited with restoring Nigerian audience's faith in Western media. However, researchers have questioned how far the documentaries constitute a departure from typical Western media coverage of Africa. | 2023-12-10T22:51:50Z | 2023-12-14T06:49:12Z | [
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75,533,509 | Sack of Barcelona (985) | In the year 985, the Cordoban general, Almanzor, launched a military campaign against the County of Barcelona to sack Barcelona. Almanzor successfully sacked and razed the city to the ground.
In May 985, the Cordoban general, Almanzor, left Cordoba with his army and marched towards the County of Barcelona. The army was accompanied by a fleet departing from Cartagena. Almanzor entered the lands of the county. The Count, Borrell II, learned of the upcoming raid and decided to confront the Muslims. Both armies met Moncada in late June, and the Cordoban army successfully routed the Catalans and killed 500 of their troops. Borrel escaped from the battlefield and headed towards Barcelona. Almanzor arrived in the city on July 1 and besieged the city from land and sea. Almanzor began bombarding it with catapults. The Catalan defenders resisted bravely, but most of the garrison was inexperienced, as the majority of the army was killed in Moncada. Borrel escaped the city at night by sea.
The city fell on July 6, and the Cordobans began sacking the city; the entire garrison was slain, and the inhabitants were either killed or enslaved. One account reports that 70,000 were enslaved, but this number is an exaggeration. Almanzor did not attempt to keep the city, as his objective was to weaken the Christian power in the east of Iberia. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "In the year 985, the Cordoban general, Almanzor, launched a military campaign against the County of Barcelona to sack Barcelona. Almanzor successfully sacked and razed the city to the ground.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In May 985, the Cordoban general, Almanzor, left Cordoba with his army and marched towards the County of Barcelona. The army was accompanied by a fleet departing from Cartagena. Almanzor entered the lands of the county. The Count, Borrell II, learned of the upcoming raid and decided to confront the Muslims. Both armies met Moncada in late June, and the Cordoban army successfully routed the Catalans and killed 500 of their troops. Borrel escaped from the battlefield and headed towards Barcelona. Almanzor arrived in the city on July 1 and besieged the city from land and sea. Almanzor began bombarding it with catapults. The Catalan defenders resisted bravely, but most of the garrison was inexperienced, as the majority of the army was killed in Moncada. Borrel escaped the city at night by sea.",
"title": "Raid"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The city fell on July 6, and the Cordobans began sacking the city; the entire garrison was slain, and the inhabitants were either killed or enslaved. One account reports that 70,000 were enslaved, but this number is an exaggeration. Almanzor did not attempt to keep the city, as his objective was to weaken the Christian power in the east of Iberia.",
"title": "Raid"
}
] | In the year 985, the Cordoban general, Almanzor, launched a military campaign against the County of Barcelona to sack Barcelona. Almanzor successfully sacked and razed the city to the ground. | 2023-12-10T22:53:21Z | 2023-12-10T23:08:18Z | [
"Template:Infobox military conflict",
"Template:Campaignbox Reconquista",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Barcelona_(985) |
75,533,516 | Ginger Gorman | Ginger Gorman (born Claire Gorman on December 25, 1976) is an Australian social justice journalist and author of the book Troll Hunting: inside the world of online hate and its human fallout (2019). She is based in Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory.
Gorman has worked in radio and print media since 2002, most recently as a freelance journalist and, since the publication of her book Troll Hunting has mainly focused on trolling syndications and the links between internet trolling, terrorism and violent crime.
Gorman was born Claire Gorman in Wellington, New Zealand. She was nicknamed Ginger by a friend during her student days when a housemate noticed she liked to put a lot of ginger in her curries. She has used the name Ginger ever since.
Gorman's mother, a physiotherapist, was born in England to Slovakian Jews who had fled The Holocaust. Her father, a teacher and, later, a diplomat, was from a poor Catholic family in Melbourne. Her parents met in Vancouver but later moved back to Australia. In Australia, Gorman's father joined the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and, as a diplomat, took his family around the world. Soon after Gorman was born, the family moved to a diplomatic posting in Pakistan. Gorman, the middle of three girls, also lived in England, Thailand, Ireland, Germany, and The Netherlands as a child of a diplomat; however, she regards Canberra as her home.
Gorman attended Narrabundah College in Australia, and completed both the HSC and the International Baccalaureate Diploma, starting at the International School of Bangkok. Following this, Gorman went on to study journalism at RMIT University within the School of Communication and Media.
In early 2007 Gorman was diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Without treatment Gorman was given 18 months to live, but, with treatment, made a full recovery.
After graduating from RMIT, Gorman worked briefly as a print journalist for Fairfax Community Newspapers (now Australian Community Media) in Melbourne. Following this, from 2002 to 2015, she worked for ABC radio, in various roles, including producing, reporting, presenting and management. She worked mostly in Canberra on Radio 666 ABC Radio Canberra but with secondments to Melbourne, Cairns and Mount Isa. At the ABC, Gorman presented daily news programs and, in Cairns, she was the presenter for Radio Drive, a program broadcast throughout Far North Queensland. During this period, in 2008, Gorman briefly moved to the Netherlands to produce “The State We’re In” for Radio Netherlands Worldwide.
Gorman uses an immersive style of research and her work has been described as ‘fearless’ by The Canberra Times journalist, Megan Doherty and, speaking of the research Gorman undertook for Troll Hunting, journalist, Tracey Spicer, said Gorman had “risked her life to produce this book”.
Some of Gorman's best-known stories include the live recording of plastic surgery, letting listeners hear her be set upon by a police dog, an award-winning series on death that included seeing a body being prepared in a morgue and another being burnt in a crematorium, as well as speaking to an inmate prior to his release from the Alexander Maconochie Centre in Canberra after serving a 12-year sentence for his part in another man's death.
In 2015, Gorman volunteered to accept a redundancy package from the ABC. She has since worked as a freelance journalist and author. Gorman is supported, in part, through subscriptions to the crowdfunding platform, Patreon, on which she posts monthly articles.
In 2017, together with freelance journalist, Sue White, Gorman became the co-director of Media Bootcamp. Media Bootcamp offers media training courses, both online and in person, in Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra.
In 2020, soon after Australia became exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic, Gorman became the host of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia podcast series, Seriously Social. Each week, Gorman interviews leading Australian social scientists for insights into how the pandemic is affecting Australians and advice on how to manage the challenges of living in lockdown. Since 2022 the coverage of the podcast has diversified to cover more differing topics.
One of Gorman's stories based on sexual orientation discrimination became part of a controversy years after it's publication. In 2010, while presenting Radio Drive for ABC Far North, Cairns, Gorman interviewed a gay couple with an adopted Russian-born son. Details of the interview were published online. Two years after publication, the couple Gorman interviewed were arrested for pedophilia. In an orchestrated attack by internet trolls, Gorman was castigated for her previous article. Gorman has equated the experience to ‘being skinned alive’. Gorman stood her ground against the attacks, admitted her mistakes, and spoke on the topic of internet trolling in a TEDxCanberra presentation.
In January 2017, Gorman called out the online journals Mamamia and the Daily Mail for ‘lifting’ (plagiarising) her work on child abuse. Gorman had worked for months researching and writing an article for news.com.au, “Unspoken abuse: mothers who rape their sons”. Excerpts and quotes from the article appeared in these publications without permission and/or attribution. Newscorp (owner of news.com.au) took the Daily Mail to court over the matter, but it was settled (reportedly without money changing hands) in a confidential settlement, three months later.
In 2013, Gorman and her family suffered the effects of online hate speech after a same-sex couple Gorman interviewed in a story on parenting were exposed as pedophiles. From this experience Gorman wrote a series of articles in 2017 on cyberhate for Fairfax Media and, later, her first book, Troll Hunting (published by Hardie Grant in February 2019). Troll Hunting explores the recruitment, strategies, characteristics and crimes of predator trolls.
During her five-year research project into online trolling, Gorman adopted an approach she later identified as the ‘radical empathy’ described in Cheryl Strayed's book, Tiny Beautiful Things: Advice on Love and Life from Dear Sugar. Gorman contacted the internet trolls who had targeted her, earned their trust, and, ultimately formed complex and long-standing relationships with them. This gave her first-hand insight into their lives and motivations.
In Troll Hunting, Gorman explores the stereotype of trolls as hateful but, ultimately harmless, lone-wolves. Her research shows that predator trolls often hold down good jobs, lead normal lives, and work in international, online syndicates. She found that, in common with terrorist organisations, these syndicates use the internet to recruit and radicalise young people (mostly boys) aged 10–16.
In Troll Hunting, Gorman warns that predator trolls do not confine their activities to the internet; that attacks often spill over into ‘the real world’ as stalking, physical abuse, murder or even terrorism.
She writes:
One of the most pernicious myths about predator trolling is that it's virtual — that it stays online in a kind of fairyland. My research links predator trolling to all kinds of real-life horrors: shootings, suicide and suicide attempts, a woman killed and many others injured at a Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, indecent communication with a child, stalking, domestic violence, PTSD, mental illness and more.”
Soon after the publication of Gorman's book, 51 people were killed in the Christchurch mosque shootings; consecutive attacks on two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand. The accused, a 28-year-old Australian man, was revealed as a member of an online trolling syndicate similar to those Gorman discusses in her book. At the invitation of the Institute of Directors in New Zealand, Gorman visited New Zealand to speak at their national conference and explain how an event like the Christchurch attack was foreshadowed in her book.
In 2019 Gorman spoke about social media self-defence at the 2019 KnowHow EdTech conference in Norway.
Because of her research, book and body of work, Gorman is now recognised as an international expert on online hate. She has written and spoken extensively about trolling and social media self-defence in Australian and global contexts.
Gorman's work on predator trolls has been widely disseminated online, in the media, and within academia. The American online journal Wired ranked Troll Hunting as #1 on its list of ‘must read’ books for Summer 2019. Gorman has been interviewed on BBC World Service's "Trending "(audio recording), and by Ryan Tubridy on Ireland's RTÉ Radio 1. On 28 January 2019, Gorman appeared as a panelist, discussing online abuse and trolling, on ABC TV's The Drum.
After suffering from postnatal depression following the birth of her first daughter, Gorman became an ambassador for PANDSI (Post and Ante Natal Depression Support and Information Inc.) in Canberra. In 2006, Gorman's personal interest in ‘retro’ baking and her childhood memories of The Australian Women's Weekly birthday cakes, inspired her to organise Cake Off, as a fundraising event for PANDSI. Staged as a competition, PANDSI's Cake Off has now become an annual event.
Gorman is also an ambassador for the Cancer Council Australia and Daffodil Day.
She has also been on the Canberra organizing committee for Women in Media.
In November 2019, Gorman, together with photographers Hillary Wardhaugh and Martin Ollman, sculptor Tom Buckland and printmaker Jess Higgens, was one of the organisers of “On Thin Ice” an arts-documentary collaboration which allowed young people, recovering from addiction to crystal methamphetamine, to tell their stories. The event was held at the Tuggeranong Arts Centre in Canberra. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ginger Gorman (born Claire Gorman on December 25, 1976) is an Australian social justice journalist and author of the book Troll Hunting: inside the world of online hate and its human fallout (2019). She is based in Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Gorman has worked in radio and print media since 2002, most recently as a freelance journalist and, since the publication of her book Troll Hunting has mainly focused on trolling syndications and the links between internet trolling, terrorism and violent crime.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Gorman was born Claire Gorman in Wellington, New Zealand. She was nicknamed Ginger by a friend during her student days when a housemate noticed she liked to put a lot of ginger in her curries. She has used the name Ginger ever since.",
"title": "Personal life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Gorman's mother, a physiotherapist, was born in England to Slovakian Jews who had fled The Holocaust. Her father, a teacher and, later, a diplomat, was from a poor Catholic family in Melbourne. Her parents met in Vancouver but later moved back to Australia. In Australia, Gorman's father joined the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and, as a diplomat, took his family around the world. Soon after Gorman was born, the family moved to a diplomatic posting in Pakistan. Gorman, the middle of three girls, also lived in England, Thailand, Ireland, Germany, and The Netherlands as a child of a diplomat; however, she regards Canberra as her home.",
"title": "Personal life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Gorman attended Narrabundah College in Australia, and completed both the HSC and the International Baccalaureate Diploma, starting at the International School of Bangkok. Following this, Gorman went on to study journalism at RMIT University within the School of Communication and Media.",
"title": "Personal life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In early 2007 Gorman was diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Without treatment Gorman was given 18 months to live, but, with treatment, made a full recovery.",
"title": "Personal life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "After graduating from RMIT, Gorman worked briefly as a print journalist for Fairfax Community Newspapers (now Australian Community Media) in Melbourne. Following this, from 2002 to 2015, she worked for ABC radio, in various roles, including producing, reporting, presenting and management. She worked mostly in Canberra on Radio 666 ABC Radio Canberra but with secondments to Melbourne, Cairns and Mount Isa. At the ABC, Gorman presented daily news programs and, in Cairns, she was the presenter for Radio Drive, a program broadcast throughout Far North Queensland. During this period, in 2008, Gorman briefly moved to the Netherlands to produce “The State We’re In” for Radio Netherlands Worldwide.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Gorman uses an immersive style of research and her work has been described as ‘fearless’ by The Canberra Times journalist, Megan Doherty and, speaking of the research Gorman undertook for Troll Hunting, journalist, Tracey Spicer, said Gorman had “risked her life to produce this book”.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Some of Gorman's best-known stories include the live recording of plastic surgery, letting listeners hear her be set upon by a police dog, an award-winning series on death that included seeing a body being prepared in a morgue and another being burnt in a crematorium, as well as speaking to an inmate prior to his release from the Alexander Maconochie Centre in Canberra after serving a 12-year sentence for his part in another man's death.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In 2015, Gorman volunteered to accept a redundancy package from the ABC. She has since worked as a freelance journalist and author. Gorman is supported, in part, through subscriptions to the crowdfunding platform, Patreon, on which she posts monthly articles.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "In 2017, together with freelance journalist, Sue White, Gorman became the co-director of Media Bootcamp. Media Bootcamp offers media training courses, both online and in person, in Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In 2020, soon after Australia became exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic, Gorman became the host of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia podcast series, Seriously Social. Each week, Gorman interviews leading Australian social scientists for insights into how the pandemic is affecting Australians and advice on how to manage the challenges of living in lockdown. Since 2022 the coverage of the podcast has diversified to cover more differing topics.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "One of Gorman's stories based on sexual orientation discrimination became part of a controversy years after it's publication. In 2010, while presenting Radio Drive for ABC Far North, Cairns, Gorman interviewed a gay couple with an adopted Russian-born son. Details of the interview were published online. Two years after publication, the couple Gorman interviewed were arrested for pedophilia. In an orchestrated attack by internet trolls, Gorman was castigated for her previous article. Gorman has equated the experience to ‘being skinned alive’. Gorman stood her ground against the attacks, admitted her mistakes, and spoke on the topic of internet trolling in a TEDxCanberra presentation.",
"title": "Controversy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "In January 2017, Gorman called out the online journals Mamamia and the Daily Mail for ‘lifting’ (plagiarising) her work on child abuse. Gorman had worked for months researching and writing an article for news.com.au, “Unspoken abuse: mothers who rape their sons”. Excerpts and quotes from the article appeared in these publications without permission and/or attribution. Newscorp (owner of news.com.au) took the Daily Mail to court over the matter, but it was settled (reportedly without money changing hands) in a confidential settlement, three months later.",
"title": "Controversy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In 2013, Gorman and her family suffered the effects of online hate speech after a same-sex couple Gorman interviewed in a story on parenting were exposed as pedophiles. From this experience Gorman wrote a series of articles in 2017 on cyberhate for Fairfax Media and, later, her first book, Troll Hunting (published by Hardie Grant in February 2019). Troll Hunting explores the recruitment, strategies, characteristics and crimes of predator trolls.",
"title": "Troll Hunting"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "During her five-year research project into online trolling, Gorman adopted an approach she later identified as the ‘radical empathy’ described in Cheryl Strayed's book, Tiny Beautiful Things: Advice on Love and Life from Dear Sugar. Gorman contacted the internet trolls who had targeted her, earned their trust, and, ultimately formed complex and long-standing relationships with them. This gave her first-hand insight into their lives and motivations.",
"title": "Troll Hunting"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "In Troll Hunting, Gorman explores the stereotype of trolls as hateful but, ultimately harmless, lone-wolves. Her research shows that predator trolls often hold down good jobs, lead normal lives, and work in international, online syndicates. She found that, in common with terrorist organisations, these syndicates use the internet to recruit and radicalise young people (mostly boys) aged 10–16.",
"title": "Troll Hunting"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "In Troll Hunting, Gorman warns that predator trolls do not confine their activities to the internet; that attacks often spill over into ‘the real world’ as stalking, physical abuse, murder or even terrorism.",
"title": "Troll Hunting"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "She writes:",
"title": "Troll Hunting"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "One of the most pernicious myths about predator trolling is that it's virtual — that it stays online in a kind of fairyland. My research links predator trolling to all kinds of real-life horrors: shootings, suicide and suicide attempts, a woman killed and many others injured at a Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, indecent communication with a child, stalking, domestic violence, PTSD, mental illness and more.”",
"title": "Troll Hunting"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Soon after the publication of Gorman's book, 51 people were killed in the Christchurch mosque shootings; consecutive attacks on two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand. The accused, a 28-year-old Australian man, was revealed as a member of an online trolling syndicate similar to those Gorman discusses in her book. At the invitation of the Institute of Directors in New Zealand, Gorman visited New Zealand to speak at their national conference and explain how an event like the Christchurch attack was foreshadowed in her book.",
"title": "Troll Hunting"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "In 2019 Gorman spoke about social media self-defence at the 2019 KnowHow EdTech conference in Norway.",
"title": "Troll Hunting"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Because of her research, book and body of work, Gorman is now recognised as an international expert on online hate. She has written and spoken extensively about trolling and social media self-defence in Australian and global contexts.",
"title": "Troll Hunting"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "Gorman's work on predator trolls has been widely disseminated online, in the media, and within academia. The American online journal Wired ranked Troll Hunting as #1 on its list of ‘must read’ books for Summer 2019. Gorman has been interviewed on BBC World Service's \"Trending \"(audio recording), and by Ryan Tubridy on Ireland's RTÉ Radio 1. On 28 January 2019, Gorman appeared as a panelist, discussing online abuse and trolling, on ABC TV's The Drum.",
"title": "Troll Hunting"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "After suffering from postnatal depression following the birth of her first daughter, Gorman became an ambassador for PANDSI (Post and Ante Natal Depression Support and Information Inc.) in Canberra. In 2006, Gorman's personal interest in ‘retro’ baking and her childhood memories of The Australian Women's Weekly birthday cakes, inspired her to organise Cake Off, as a fundraising event for PANDSI. Staged as a competition, PANDSI's Cake Off has now become an annual event.",
"title": "Voluntary work and advocacy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "Gorman is also an ambassador for the Cancer Council Australia and Daffodil Day.",
"title": "Voluntary work and advocacy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "She has also been on the Canberra organizing committee for Women in Media.",
"title": "Voluntary work and advocacy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "In November 2019, Gorman, together with photographers Hillary Wardhaugh and Martin Ollman, sculptor Tom Buckland and printmaker Jess Higgens, was one of the organisers of “On Thin Ice” an arts-documentary collaboration which allowed young people, recovering from addiction to crystal methamphetamine, to tell their stories. The event was held at the Tuggeranong Arts Centre in Canberra.",
"title": "Voluntary work and advocacy"
}
] | Ginger Gorman is an Australian social justice journalist and author of the book Troll Hunting: inside the world of online hate and its human fallout (2019). She is based in Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory. Gorman has worked in radio and print media since 2002, most recently as a freelance journalist and, since the publication of her book Troll Hunting has mainly focused on trolling syndications and the links between internet trolling, terrorism and violent crime. | 2023-12-10T22:53:53Z | 2023-12-27T19:01:12Z | [
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"Template:Cite news",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger_Gorman |
75,533,517 | Canada Soccer Awards | The Canada Soccer Awards are presented annually at the Canada Soccer Awards Banquet at the Canadian Soccer Association's Annual Meeting of the Members in early May. There are six main Association Awards presented at the banquet alongside the annual Canada Soccer Hall of Fame (non-player) honoured member. These Association Awards may honour administrators, coaches, referees and players.
As part of the Awards Banquet, Canada Soccer also celebrates their annual Canada Soccer Player Awards and Canada Soccer Hall of Fame (Modern Canadian Players category) honoured members, but those award winners are typically announced separately and honoured at home international matches.
At the 2023 Awards Banquet, Canada Soccer honoured Atiba Hutchinson (President's Award), Francine Mérette (Aubrey Sanford Meritorious Service Award), Sylvie Béliveau (Tony Waiters Coaching Excellence Award), Drew Fischer (Ray Morgan Memorial Award), Dr. Clare Rustad (Brian Budd Award), and John Eatmon (Award of Merit).
The President's Award honours an individual for their outstanding and unique efforts in developing soccer in Canada. The award was first presented in 1993 (and awarded annually with the exception of 2010, 2011, 2020 and 2021).
The Aubrey Sanford Meritorious Service Award "honours an individual for their outstanding service and overall contribution in refereering, coaching, playing or administration". The award was named in honour of the late Aubrey Sanford.
The Ray Morgan Memorial Award honours referees that show progress at the national and international levels. The award was first presented in 1980 (and awarded annually with the exception of 1988, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2020, 2021). The award was named in honour of the late Ray Morgan.
The Tony Waiters Coaching Excellence Award "honours a person’s overall contributions to coaching in Canada for a minimum of 20 years". The award was first presented in 2022. The award was named in honour of the late Tony Waiters.
The Brian Budd Award honours outstanding individuals "who have excelled both in soccer and in another endeavour, be it in sport or public life. The individual must exemplify good character, accomplishments, dedication and provide inspiration to present and future generations". The award was presented from 2010 to 2014 and then once again starting annually in 2022. The award was named in honour of the late Brian Budd.
The Canada Soccer Award of Merit honours individuals for their efforts in the "promotion, growth and development of soccer in Canada". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Canada Soccer Awards are presented annually at the Canada Soccer Awards Banquet at the Canadian Soccer Association's Annual Meeting of the Members in early May. There are six main Association Awards presented at the banquet alongside the annual Canada Soccer Hall of Fame (non-player) honoured member. These Association Awards may honour administrators, coaches, referees and players.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As part of the Awards Banquet, Canada Soccer also celebrates their annual Canada Soccer Player Awards and Canada Soccer Hall of Fame (Modern Canadian Players category) honoured members, but those award winners are typically announced separately and honoured at home international matches.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "At the 2023 Awards Banquet, Canada Soccer honoured Atiba Hutchinson (President's Award), Francine Mérette (Aubrey Sanford Meritorious Service Award), Sylvie Béliveau (Tony Waiters Coaching Excellence Award), Drew Fischer (Ray Morgan Memorial Award), Dr. Clare Rustad (Brian Budd Award), and John Eatmon (Award of Merit).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The President's Award honours an individual for their outstanding and unique efforts in developing soccer in Canada. The award was first presented in 1993 (and awarded annually with the exception of 2010, 2011, 2020 and 2021).",
"title": "Canada Soccer Annual Awards"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Aubrey Sanford Meritorious Service Award \"honours an individual for their outstanding service and overall contribution in refereering, coaching, playing or administration\". The award was named in honour of the late Aubrey Sanford.",
"title": "Canada Soccer Annual Awards"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Ray Morgan Memorial Award honours referees that show progress at the national and international levels. The award was first presented in 1980 (and awarded annually with the exception of 1988, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2020, 2021). The award was named in honour of the late Ray Morgan.",
"title": "Canada Soccer Annual Awards"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The Tony Waiters Coaching Excellence Award \"honours a person’s overall contributions to coaching in Canada for a minimum of 20 years\". The award was first presented in 2022. The award was named in honour of the late Tony Waiters.",
"title": "Canada Soccer Annual Awards"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The Brian Budd Award honours outstanding individuals \"who have excelled both in soccer and in another endeavour, be it in sport or public life. The individual must exemplify good character, accomplishments, dedication and provide inspiration to present and future generations\". The award was presented from 2010 to 2014 and then once again starting annually in 2022. The award was named in honour of the late Brian Budd.",
"title": "Canada Soccer Annual Awards"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The Canada Soccer Award of Merit honours individuals for their efforts in the \"promotion, growth and development of soccer in Canada\".",
"title": "Canada Soccer Annual Awards"
}
] | The Canada Soccer Awards are presented annually at the Canada Soccer Awards Banquet at the Canadian Soccer Association's Annual Meeting of the Members in early May. There are six main Association Awards presented at the banquet alongside the annual Canada Soccer Hall of Fame (non-player) honoured member. These Association Awards may honour administrators, coaches, referees and players. As part of the Awards Banquet, Canada Soccer also celebrates their annual Canada Soccer Player Awards and Canada Soccer Hall of Fame honoured members, but those award winners are typically announced separately and honoured at home international matches. At the 2023 Awards Banquet, Canada Soccer honoured Atiba Hutchinson, Francine Mérette, Sylvie Béliveau, Drew Fischer, Dr. Clare Rustad, and John Eatmon. | 2023-12-10T22:53:55Z | 2023-12-14T18:06:53Z | [
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"Template:Notelist",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_Soccer_Awards |
75,533,568 | Rahma Benaichouche | Rahma Benaichouche (Arabic: رحمة بن عيشوش; born 22 November 1991) is an Algerian footballer who plays as a Forward for Algerian Women's Championship club Akbou and the Algeria national team.
Benaichouche was born in Touggourt in the Algerian Sahara. developed an early interest in football. Growing up in Touggourt, she engaged in casual street games with friends. Supported by her family, she transitioned to professional football by joining the ESF Oued Righ Touggourt, marking the start of her formal involvement in the sport.
Ben Aichouche began her career with amateur club ESF Oued Righ Touggourt. After she got her first call-up to the national team, Rahima later joined MZ Biskra seeing it as the team where a real breakthrough could happen. The team had a structure, a system, and a working program. After three successful seasons with MZ Biskra, she received an offer from Algiers-based team AS Sûreté Nationale for a one-season time, and she ultimately made the move.
On 28 October 2020, Rahima Ben Aichouche announced her departure from AS Sûreté Nationale to join Algerian Women's Elite Championship defending champions JK Khroub.
Benaichouche's first maiden title was with JF Khroub when they lifted the 2022–23 Algerian Women's Cup for the first time in the club's history.
On 25 August 2023, CF Akbou announced the signing of Benaichouche to compete in the 2023–24 Algerian Women's Championship.
In 2014, Benaichouche got her first call-up to the Algerian national team to face Senegal in double friendly matches, She didn't get called up again till 2018. when she got her second call-up to the Algerian national team to face Senegal in the 2018 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualification, in the second leg she scored the winning goal that sent Algeria to the second round. Benaichouche played at 2021 Arab Women's Cup.
JF Khroub | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Rahma Benaichouche (Arabic: رحمة بن عيشوش; born 22 November 1991) is an Algerian footballer who plays as a Forward for Algerian Women's Championship club Akbou and the Algeria national team.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Benaichouche was born in Touggourt in the Algerian Sahara. developed an early interest in football. Growing up in Touggourt, she engaged in casual street games with friends. Supported by her family, she transitioned to professional football by joining the ESF Oued Righ Touggourt, marking the start of her formal involvement in the sport.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Ben Aichouche began her career with amateur club ESF Oued Righ Touggourt. After she got her first call-up to the national team, Rahima later joined MZ Biskra seeing it as the team where a real breakthrough could happen. The team had a structure, a system, and a working program. After three successful seasons with MZ Biskra, she received an offer from Algiers-based team AS Sûreté Nationale for a one-season time, and she ultimately made the move.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On 28 October 2020, Rahima Ben Aichouche announced her departure from AS Sûreté Nationale to join Algerian Women's Elite Championship defending champions JK Khroub.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Benaichouche's first maiden title was with JF Khroub when they lifted the 2022–23 Algerian Women's Cup for the first time in the club's history.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On 25 August 2023, CF Akbou announced the signing of Benaichouche to compete in the 2023–24 Algerian Women's Championship.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 2014, Benaichouche got her first call-up to the Algerian national team to face Senegal in double friendly matches, She didn't get called up again till 2018. when she got her second call-up to the Algerian national team to face Senegal in the 2018 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualification, in the second leg she scored the winning goal that sent Algeria to the second round. Benaichouche played at 2021 Arab Women's Cup.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "JF Khroub",
"title": "Honours"
}
] | Rahma Benaichouche is an Algerian footballer who plays as a Forward for Algerian Women's Championship club Akbou and the Algeria national team. | 2023-12-10T23:00:04Z | 2023-12-14T19:39:29Z | [
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"Template:Use dmy dates",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahma_Benaichouche |
75,533,571 | Vicente Sabatini | Vicente David Sabatini Downey (b. 1953) is a Chilean television director, producer and screenwriter. He is among the most acclaimed Chilean directors in the last decades. He is known for his telenovelas which stood out for their social content. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Vicente David Sabatini Downey (b. 1953) is a Chilean television director, producer and screenwriter. He is among the most acclaimed Chilean directors in the last decades. He is known for his telenovelas which stood out for their social content.",
"title": ""
}
] | Vicente David Sabatini Downey is a Chilean television director, producer and screenwriter. He is among the most acclaimed Chilean directors in the last decades. He is known for his telenovelas which stood out for their social content. | 2023-12-10T23:00:20Z | 2023-12-10T23:00:20Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Sabatini |
75,533,573 | 1991 Internazionali Cassa di Risparmio | The 1991 Internazionali Cassa di Risparmio, also known as the Bologna Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Cierrebi Club in Bologna in Italy and was part of the World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 20 May until 26 May 1991. Unseeded Paolo Canè, who entered the main draw on a wildcard, won the singles title.
Paolo Canè defeated Jan Gunnarsson 5–7, 6–3, 7–5
Luke Jensen / Laurie Warder defeated Luiz Mattar / Jaime Oncins 6–4, 7–6 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 1991 Internazionali Cassa di Risparmio, also known as the Bologna Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Cierrebi Club in Bologna in Italy and was part of the World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 20 May until 26 May 1991. Unseeded Paolo Canè, who entered the main draw on a wildcard, won the singles title.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Paolo Canè defeated Jan Gunnarsson 5–7, 6–3, 7–5",
"title": "Finals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Luke Jensen / Laurie Warder defeated Luiz Mattar / Jaime Oncins 6–4, 7–6",
"title": "Finals"
}
] | The 1991 Internazionali Cassa di Risparmio, also known as the Bologna Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Cierrebi Club in Bologna in Italy and was part of the World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 20 May until 26 May 1991. Unseeded Paolo Canè, who entered the main draw on a wildcard, won the singles title. | 2023-12-10T23:00:27Z | 2023-12-10T23:04:52Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Bologna Open tournaments",
"Template:1991 ATP Tour",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:TennisEventInfo",
"Template:Flagicon"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Internazionali_Cassa_di_Risparmio |
75,533,616 | Otso-Pekka Parkkila | Otso-Pekka Parkkila (born 9 August 2007) is a Finnish professional footballer playing as a left back for Veikkausliiga club AC Oulu.
Parkkila played in the Oulun Luistinseura youth sector, before on 10 December 2023 he signed a professional contract with AC Oulu on a two-year deal with an option for an additional year. He will be registered to the club's reserve team Oulun Luistinseura (OLS).
Parkkila was part of the Finland U16 squad that won the friendly tournament Baltic Cup in July 2023.
On 4 October 2023, he was named in the Finland U17 squad in the 2024 UEFA European Under-17 Championship qualification tournament. In the tournament Finland drew with Ukraine and Germany 2–2 and 1–1, respectively, before winning Liechtenstein 3–0, placing 2nd in the group and advancing to the Elite round. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Otso-Pekka Parkkila (born 9 August 2007) is a Finnish professional footballer playing as a left back for Veikkausliiga club AC Oulu.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Parkkila played in the Oulun Luistinseura youth sector, before on 10 December 2023 he signed a professional contract with AC Oulu on a two-year deal with an option for an additional year. He will be registered to the club's reserve team Oulun Luistinseura (OLS).",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Parkkila was part of the Finland U16 squad that won the friendly tournament Baltic Cup in July 2023.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On 4 October 2023, he was named in the Finland U17 squad in the 2024 UEFA European Under-17 Championship qualification tournament. In the tournament Finland drew with Ukraine and Germany 2–2 and 1–1, respectively, before winning Liechtenstein 3–0, placing 2nd in the group and advancing to the Elite round.",
"title": "International career"
}
] | Otso-Pekka Parkkila is a Finnish professional footballer playing as a left back for Veikkausliiga club AC Oulu. | 2023-12-10T23:06:19Z | 2023-12-11T08:49:02Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox football biography",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Soccerway",
"Template:WorldFootball.net"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otso-Pekka_Parkkila |
75,533,629 | Decaspermum fruticosum | Decaspermum fruticosum is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree or shrub native to the Samoan Islands, Society Islands, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Decaspermum fruticosum is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree or shrub native to the Samoan Islands, Society Islands, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna.",
"title": ""
}
] | Decaspermum fruticosum is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree or shrub native to the Samoan Islands, Society Islands, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna. | 2023-12-10T23:11:51Z | 2023-12-10T23:11:51Z | [
"Template:Taxonbar",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Speciesbox",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decaspermum_fruticosum |
75,533,641 | ZALA Kub-BLA | Kub-BLA (Advertised as KYB-UAV) is a Russian high-precision unmanned aerial vehicle and loitering munition developed by the Russian company ZALA Aero Group (part of Kalashnikov Concern).
Kub-BLA was first unveiled by Kalashnikov during IDEX-2019 exibition in Abu-Dhabi. The concern's report notes that after launch, the drone can loiter in the air, detecting a target, and then attack it from the upper hemisphere with a vertical dive. “Kub-BLA” delivers a payload according to target coordinates, which are set manually, or according to an image from the target guidance load, in addition, the drone can be used in swarm mode. A new version with a more powerful warhead begun to be supplied in late December 2023.
The drone was used against targets in Idlib during Syrian civil war, as well as during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, in Kiev. In May 2022 footage of an attack on M777 howitzer by Kub drone was posted by Russian Ministry of Defence.
According to Lostarmour OSINT project, there has been at least 44 documented uses of Kub drones as of December 2023.
Source: Kommersant, Kalashnikov | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Kub-BLA (Advertised as KYB-UAV) is a Russian high-precision unmanned aerial vehicle and loitering munition developed by the Russian company ZALA Aero Group (part of Kalashnikov Concern).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Kub-BLA was first unveiled by Kalashnikov during IDEX-2019 exibition in Abu-Dhabi. The concern's report notes that after launch, the drone can loiter in the air, detecting a target, and then attack it from the upper hemisphere with a vertical dive. “Kub-BLA” delivers a payload according to target coordinates, which are set manually, or according to an image from the target guidance load, in addition, the drone can be used in swarm mode. A new version with a more powerful warhead begun to be supplied in late December 2023.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The drone was used against targets in Idlib during Syrian civil war, as well as during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, in Kiev. In May 2022 footage of an attack on M777 howitzer by Kub drone was posted by Russian Ministry of Defence.",
"title": "Combat use"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "According to Lostarmour OSINT project, there has been at least 44 documented uses of Kub drones as of December 2023.",
"title": "Combat use"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Source: Kommersant, Kalashnikov",
"title": "Technical characteristics"
}
] | Kub-BLA is a Russian high-precision unmanned aerial vehicle and loitering munition developed by the Russian company ZALA Aero Group. | 2023-12-10T23:13:51Z | 2023-12-27T17:49:26Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Soviet and Russian UAVs",
"Template:Infobox weapon",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZALA_Kub-BLA |
75,533,649 | Agostino Petitti Bagliani di Roreto | Agostino Petitti Bagliani, Count of Roreto (Turin, 13 December 1814 – Rome, 28 August 1890) was an Italian general and politician of the Risorgimento.
Agostino Petitti Bagliani from Roreto belonged to a noble Piedmontese family originally from Cherasco. His father, Count Carlo Ilarione Petitti di Roreto, was an economist and writer, considered one of the most important movers behind the reforms of king Charles Albert of Sardinia while his mother was Gabriella Genna. He was enrolled at a young age at the it:Accademia Reale di Torino from which he emerged in 1833 with the rank of lieutenant. In 1848 he fought in the First Italian War of Independence, earning himself an honorable mention.
In November of the same year he was promoted to major and with this rank he held the position of chief of staff of the 6th Division under General Alfonso La Marmora. In 1853 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and appointed general secretary of the War Ministry. Chief of Staff in the Crimean War (1855 - 1856), in November 1858 he assumed command of the Field Artillery Regiment in Venaria Reale which he held until 26 April 1859.
In 1859 he took part in the Second Italian War of Independence, fighting alongside General La Marmora in the battles of Palestro, Magenta and Solferino; where he notably took part in the action at Madonna della Scoperta, about which he later wrote a memoir Madonna della Scoperta (Battle of San Martino, 24 June 1859) A Historical Tactical Study, edited by his nephew General Alfonso Petitti di Roreto and published posthumously in 1909. During this war he was promoted to major general and in 1860 to lieutenant general, becoming commander of the 3rd Division in Milan.
In 1866 he participated in the Third Italian War of Independence as adjutant general of the army and then as commander of the IV Army Corps. On 12 August 1866 he signed the armistice of Cormons on behalf of Italy with his Austrian counterpart Major General Baron it:Karl Möring.
At the end of the war he was appointed general commander of the Military Division of Alessandria and, in 1870, of the Military Division of Milan, retaining the high command of the divisions of Turin, Alessandria and Genoa.
Petitti represented the Cherasco constituency in the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia from 1849, and continued to represent it in the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy until 1867. He was appointed Minister of War in the first Rattazzi government (1862) and in the second government of Alfonso La Marmora (1864). His ministerial activity was characterized by important interventions to reorganize the army, including the merger of the corps of Garibaldi volunteers into the regular troops, and by the impetus given to the establishment of schools for the military and related educational programs.
Signing the unpopular armistice of Cormons probably cost him his seat in the Chamber of Deputies in 1867. His appointment as senator of the Kingdom was announced in 1870, in recognition of his services to national unity.
In 1860 he married Maria Bellotti of Milan (1835 - 1890) with whom he had two daughters Teresa Maria (1861 – 1917) and Vittoria Emanuela (1862 – 1956). He was also the uncle of senator Carlo Petitti di Roreto and general Alfonso Petitti di Roreto.
He retired in 1877 after 44 years of active military life and died in Rome on 28 August 1890. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Agostino Petitti Bagliani, Count of Roreto (Turin, 13 December 1814 – Rome, 28 August 1890) was an Italian general and politician of the Risorgimento.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Agostino Petitti Bagliani from Roreto belonged to a noble Piedmontese family originally from Cherasco. His father, Count Carlo Ilarione Petitti di Roreto, was an economist and writer, considered one of the most important movers behind the reforms of king Charles Albert of Sardinia while his mother was Gabriella Genna. He was enrolled at a young age at the it:Accademia Reale di Torino from which he emerged in 1833 with the rank of lieutenant. In 1848 he fought in the First Italian War of Independence, earning himself an honorable mention.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In November of the same year he was promoted to major and with this rank he held the position of chief of staff of the 6th Division under General Alfonso La Marmora. In 1853 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and appointed general secretary of the War Ministry. Chief of Staff in the Crimean War (1855 - 1856), in November 1858 he assumed command of the Field Artillery Regiment in Venaria Reale which he held until 26 April 1859.",
"title": "Military career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1859 he took part in the Second Italian War of Independence, fighting alongside General La Marmora in the battles of Palestro, Magenta and Solferino; where he notably took part in the action at Madonna della Scoperta, about which he later wrote a memoir Madonna della Scoperta (Battle of San Martino, 24 June 1859) A Historical Tactical Study, edited by his nephew General Alfonso Petitti di Roreto and published posthumously in 1909. During this war he was promoted to major general and in 1860 to lieutenant general, becoming commander of the 3rd Division in Milan.",
"title": "Military career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1866 he participated in the Third Italian War of Independence as adjutant general of the army and then as commander of the IV Army Corps. On 12 August 1866 he signed the armistice of Cormons on behalf of Italy with his Austrian counterpart Major General Baron it:Karl Möring.",
"title": "Military career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "At the end of the war he was appointed general commander of the Military Division of Alessandria and, in 1870, of the Military Division of Milan, retaining the high command of the divisions of Turin, Alessandria and Genoa.",
"title": "Military career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Petitti represented the Cherasco constituency in the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia from 1849, and continued to represent it in the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy until 1867. He was appointed Minister of War in the first Rattazzi government (1862) and in the second government of Alfonso La Marmora (1864). His ministerial activity was characterized by important interventions to reorganize the army, including the merger of the corps of Garibaldi volunteers into the regular troops, and by the impetus given to the establishment of schools for the military and related educational programs.",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Signing the unpopular armistice of Cormons probably cost him his seat in the Chamber of Deputies in 1867. His appointment as senator of the Kingdom was announced in 1870, in recognition of his services to national unity.",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In 1860 he married Maria Bellotti of Milan (1835 - 1890) with whom he had two daughters Teresa Maria (1861 – 1917) and Vittoria Emanuela (1862 – 1956). He was also the uncle of senator Carlo Petitti di Roreto and general Alfonso Petitti di Roreto.",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "He retired in 1877 after 44 years of active military life and died in Rome on 28 August 1890.",
"title": "Family"
}
] | Agostino Petitti Bagliani, Count of Roreto was an Italian general and politician of the Risorgimento. | 2023-12-10T23:15:17Z | 2023-12-26T13:36:56Z | [
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agostino_Petitti_Bagliani_di_Roreto |
75,533,671 | Janet Mae Johnson | Janet Mae Johnson (1936–1973) was an American mountaineer and a teacher. She was known for making many climbs throughout the world. She died during an expedition on Mount Aconcagua in Argentina in 1973.
Johnson was born on November 20, 1936, and was adopted in Minneapolis by Mae and Victor Johnson. Her adoptive mother was a bookkeeper and her father ran a paper supply company. She never knew who her birth mother was.
Johnson was educated at the University of North Dakota and the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley. She went on to attend the University of Colorado, earning a Ph.D. in 1971 in education. She taught in the Denver public schools, and was a school librarian.
Johnson was known as a dedicated mountaineer. She was a member of the American Alpine Club and the Colorado Mountain Club. By the age of 30, Johnson became one of the first 20 women to climb to the summits of Colorado's "fourteeners" – over 50 mountains in Colorado that exceed 14,000 feet. Her expeditions and photographs were often featured in Trail and Timberline magazine. Other expeditions include Iztaccíhuatl, Kilimanjaro, Mount Fuji, Mount Blanc, the Matterhorn, among many other climbs.
Johnson departed from Portland, Oregon with the other nine members of the expedition from the Mazamas Climbing Club on January 19, 1973. She was considered one of the strongest climbers of the team. They arrived at Punta de Vacas and two days later arrived at a base camp located at 14,000 feet. Six days later two members of the party turned back, while another quit climbing but stayed on the mountain. The following day the party made it to a higher camp at 20,000 feet. Several of the remaining climbers fell ill or became disoriented or irrational. The following morning Johnson could not be found. Two years later, on February 9, 1975, her body was found; her broken eyeglasses and a film container were found in her jacket pocket. The experienced Argentine mountaineers who found her body were "disturbed by the circumstances in which they found the body" and concerned of the possibility of foul play. There were three wounds on her head and face and although she was an experienced mountaineer, she was wearing clothing that was not suitable for the weather conditions. Her body was removed from the mountain in 1976, three years after her death. Another account in the Pittsburgh Press states that she was "left to die in the mountains because she couldn't keep up with the team."
A 2023 New York Times account reported that at 21,000 feet the party headed for the summit after leaving most of their gear and possessions at the 20,000 foot campsite. They spent that night on the glacier where they dug a snow cave in which to sleep, however they did not bring their sleeping bags. The following morning a member of the party, John Cooper abandoned the climb and descended downhill alone while Johnson and two others continued towards the summit. Later that day Johnson separated from the other two. After finding her the three roped themselves together and camped another night. The following day the three descended to the camp at 20,000 feet. The next morning Johnson could not be found; her body was recovered two years later. For decades there have been speculations that foul play may have occurred, while other interpretations of the event claim that she died of exposure.
She died in 1973 during an expedition of Aconcagua mountain on the Polish Route. The American Alpine Club stated that she perished from exposure and exhaustion close to the summit. Another member of the climbing party, John Cooper, a NASA engineer, also died during the expedition. Several people, including examiners at the autopsy believe that both Cooper and Johnson were murdered. Johnson was buried in a cemetery for mountaineers at the trail head of Aconcagua mountain.
In 2020 her backpack and a 35mm camera loaded with film was found in the melting glacier; it was labeled with her name and Denver, Colorado address. The film in the camera as well as inside two metal film canisters in her pack was developed and the photographs published in The New York Times. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Janet Mae Johnson (1936–1973) was an American mountaineer and a teacher. She was known for making many climbs throughout the world. She died during an expedition on Mount Aconcagua in Argentina in 1973.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Johnson was born on November 20, 1936, and was adopted in Minneapolis by Mae and Victor Johnson. Her adoptive mother was a bookkeeper and her father ran a paper supply company. She never knew who her birth mother was.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Johnson was educated at the University of North Dakota and the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley. She went on to attend the University of Colorado, earning a Ph.D. in 1971 in education. She taught in the Denver public schools, and was a school librarian.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Johnson was known as a dedicated mountaineer. She was a member of the American Alpine Club and the Colorado Mountain Club. By the age of 30, Johnson became one of the first 20 women to climb to the summits of Colorado's \"fourteeners\" – over 50 mountains in Colorado that exceed 14,000 feet. Her expeditions and photographs were often featured in Trail and Timberline magazine. Other expeditions include Iztaccíhuatl, Kilimanjaro, Mount Fuji, Mount Blanc, the Matterhorn, among many other climbs.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Johnson departed from Portland, Oregon with the other nine members of the expedition from the Mazamas Climbing Club on January 19, 1973. She was considered one of the strongest climbers of the team. They arrived at Punta de Vacas and two days later arrived at a base camp located at 14,000 feet. Six days later two members of the party turned back, while another quit climbing but stayed on the mountain. The following day the party made it to a higher camp at 20,000 feet. Several of the remaining climbers fell ill or became disoriented or irrational. The following morning Johnson could not be found. Two years later, on February 9, 1975, her body was found; her broken eyeglasses and a film container were found in her jacket pocket. The experienced Argentine mountaineers who found her body were \"disturbed by the circumstances in which they found the body\" and concerned of the possibility of foul play. There were three wounds on her head and face and although she was an experienced mountaineer, she was wearing clothing that was not suitable for the weather conditions. Her body was removed from the mountain in 1976, three years after her death. Another account in the Pittsburgh Press states that she was \"left to die in the mountains because she couldn't keep up with the team.\"",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "A 2023 New York Times account reported that at 21,000 feet the party headed for the summit after leaving most of their gear and possessions at the 20,000 foot campsite. They spent that night on the glacier where they dug a snow cave in which to sleep, however they did not bring their sleeping bags. The following morning a member of the party, John Cooper abandoned the climb and descended downhill alone while Johnson and two others continued towards the summit. Later that day Johnson separated from the other two. After finding her the three roped themselves together and camped another night. The following day the three descended to the camp at 20,000 feet. The next morning Johnson could not be found; her body was recovered two years later. For decades there have been speculations that foul play may have occurred, while other interpretations of the event claim that she died of exposure.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "She died in 1973 during an expedition of Aconcagua mountain on the Polish Route. The American Alpine Club stated that she perished from exposure and exhaustion close to the summit. Another member of the climbing party, John Cooper, a NASA engineer, also died during the expedition. Several people, including examiners at the autopsy believe that both Cooper and Johnson were murdered. Johnson was buried in a cemetery for mountaineers at the trail head of Aconcagua mountain.",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 2020 her backpack and a 35mm camera loaded with film was found in the melting glacier; it was labeled with her name and Denver, Colorado address. The film in the camera as well as inside two metal film canisters in her pack was developed and the photographs published in The New York Times.",
"title": "Death"
}
] | Janet Mae Johnson (1936–1973) was an American mountaineer and a teacher. She was known for making many climbs throughout the world. She died during an expedition on Mount Aconcagua in Argentina in 1973. | 2023-12-10T23:21:31Z | 2023-12-16T17:30:25Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Mae_Johnson |
75,533,693 | Keria (gamer) | Ryu Min-seok (Korean: 류민석; born October 14, 2002), better known as Keria, is a South Korean professional League of Legends player for T1. Throughout his career, he has won one League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) titles and one League of Legends World Championship title. He also represented the South Korean national team at the 2022 Asian Games, earning a gold medal.
Keria began his career as a trainee on DragonX in 2018. He competed as a starter for the team beginning in 2020 and reached the LCK Finals in the Summer Split. For the 2021 season, Keria signed with T1. He has reached the LCK Finals five more times, winning it in the 2022 Spring Split. Keria has reached the knockout stage in the World Champion in each of his first four years of play, making it to the quarterfinals in 2020, semifinals in 2021, finals in 2022, and winning the World Championship in 2023.
Keria's individual accomplishments include accolades such becoming the first support player to win the LCK regular season MVP award, two LCK regular season MVP awards in total, three LCK Supporter of the Year awards, one LCK Player of the Split award, and five LCK First All-Pro Team designations.
In 2018, Keria began his career by joining DragonX (DRX) as a trainee support player, and in November 2019, he was promoted from trainee to the main roster. He made his debut with the team on December 26, 2019, at the KeSPA Cup, where he secured a 2–0 victory against KeG Chungnam. Keria was named the MVP of the match.
In his rookie season, the 2020 LCK Spring Split, Keria had the highest kill participation among all support players in the league at 77.4% through the first half of the regular season. At the end of the regular season, Keria finished in third in the season MVP race, earned a spot on the LCK First All-Pro Team, and received the LCK Young Player Award. DRX had a solid showing in the 2020 LCK Spring Split, finishing with a 14–4 record and on the back of a seven-game winning streak. They entered the playoffs with a bye to the second round but were eliminated in the semifinals by T1. In the Summer Split regular season, Keria led all LCK support players in KDA and kill participation, also topping the league with 401 assists during the regular season. DRX finished the regular season in second place with a 15–3 record. In the playoffs, DRX reached the finals but experienced a one-sided defeat against DAMWON Gaming (DWG), with DWG winning 3–0.
Entering the 2020 League of Legends World Championship as the LCK's second seed, DRX progressed beyond the group stage. However, their Worlds run ended in the playoff quarterfinals against DWG, mirroring their previous encounter in the LCK Summer Split Final. DWG secured a decisive 3–0 victory, resulting in DRX's exit from the Worlds tournament.
On November 18, 2020, T1 officially announced the acquisition of Keria for the 2021 season. Despite facing challenges early on in the 2021 LCK Spring Split regular season, T1 finished it with a five-game winning streak, securing a spot in the playoffs. Recognized with the nickname "The Genius Monster," Keria earned a position on the LCK First All-Pro Team for the 2021 LCK Spring Split. In the playoffs, T1 emerged victorious against DRX in the first round but lost to Gen.G in the second round, finishing the split in fourth place. In the Summer Split, T1 finished fourth in the regular season standings with an 11–7 record. Keria secured his second consecutive placement on the LCK First All-Pro team at the end of the regular season. T1 advanced to the LCK Finals in the playoffs, but faced a defeat against DAMWON Gaming, settling for a second-place finish.
In October 20221, T1 defeated Hanwha Life Esports in the LCK regional qualifier finals, securing their place in the group stage of the 2021 World Championship. Progressing beyond the group stage, T1 advanced to the knockout semifinals, where they faced defeat against DWG. In December, Keria was presented the 2021 LCK Supporter of the Year award.
In the 2022 LCK Spring Split regular season, T1 achieved an unprecedented feat by concluding with an undefeated 18–0 record, marking the first time in LCK history that a team had accomplished such a perfect run. Keria broke the record for the most assists in a single split, recording 462 assists and surpassing the previous record of 445 set by former SK Telecom T1 support, Lee "Wolf" Jae-wan. Keria's performance earned him the distinction of being named the 2022 LCK Regular Season MVP, making him the first support player to receive this honor. Additionally, he secured a spot on the 2022 LCK First All-Pro team. T1 clinched the LCK title at the end of the split by defeating Gen.G on April 2, 2022, in the LCK Spring Finals, marking Keria's first LCK championship. On April 29, 2022, T1 extended Keria's contract through the end of the 2023 season. With the Spring Split title, Keria participated in his inaugural Mid-Season Invitational (MSI) as T1 qualified for the 2022 MSI as the LCK representative. Although the team reached the finals, they experienced a defeat against Royal Never Give Up, securing a second-place finish. During the 2022 LCK Summer Split, on July 7, Keria recorded his 2,500th assist in the LCK during a match against KT Rolster becoming the eighth support player and the 15th overall player in the LCK to reach this milestone. After T1's win over DWG KIA in the 2022 LCK Summer Split playoff semifinals, Keria was looked visibly ill postgame. He expressed in an interview afterwards that he had been feeling unwell since July, with symptoms such as brain fog and dizziness. T1 lost the 2022 Summer Split finals to Gen.G, finishing in second place.
T1 entered the 2022 World Championship as the LCK's second seed. Keria reached the Worlds finals for the first time in his career after T1 defeated JD Gaming in the semifinals. However, T1 lost to DRX in the finals by a score of 2–3. After the loss, Keria was visibly upset, as the broadcast showed him shaking and tearing up. At the end of the year, Keria was named the LCK Supporter of the Year.
In the 2023 LCK Spring Split regular season, Keria earned the most Player of the Game awards, securing the Player of the Split title and becoming the first support player in LCK to achieve the recognition. Alongside the entire starting T1 roster, he received a spot on the 2023 LCK Spring First All-Pro Team, and Keria was named the regular season MVP for the second time in his career. Despite their regular season performance, T1 reached the Spring Split playoff finals but once again fell short against Gen.G, finishing in second place. With the second-place finish, T1 qualified for the 2023 Mid-Season Invitational. At MSI, T1 reached the upper bracket finals but faced defeat against JD Gaming, sending them to the lower bracket finals, where they lost to Bilibili Gaming by a score of 1–3. In July 2023, during the 2023 LCK Summer Split, T1 encountered challenges as mid laner Lee "Faker" Sang-hyeok was sidelined due to a wrist injury. Keria's, as well as the entire team's, performance dipped during this period. Upon Faker's return, T1 won their final two matches, concluding the regular season in fifth place with a 9–9 record. On August 20, 2023, Keria made his sixth LCK finals appearance, but T1 faced another defeat against Gen.G in the finals.
T1 entered the 2023 World Championship as the LCK's second seed. Keria reached his second consecutive appearance in the Worlds finals after T1 secured a victory over JD Gaming in the semifinals. In the finals against Weibo Gaming, the first game saw both teams evenly matched until the 18-minute mark, when Keria executed a move called Hostile Takeover. This play allowed teammates Faker and Zeus to secure kills that enabling T1 to establish a significant lead and ultimately secure the victory in the game. T1 carried this momentum to win the following two games as well, resulting in a 3–0 victory and giving Keria his first World Championship title. At the end of the year, Keria received his third consecutive LCK Supporter of the Year award.
Keria represented South Korea in the 2022 Asian Games one of the six members in the League of Legends division of the South Korea national esports team. Keria clinched a gold medal as South Korea emerged victorious against Saudi Arabia, China, and Chinese Taipei in the quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals, respectively. With the gold medal, Keria received an exemption from mandatory military service.
Keria was born on October 14, 2002, in Busan, Korea. He began playing video games when he was four years old when his grandmother dropped him and his older brother, Ryu Tae-seok, off at a PC Bang while she was running errands. Raised by his brother, Keria begain playing League of Legends in the fifth grade at his brother's suggestion. Although his initial interest in the game was modest, he was inspired after watching a highlight montage featuring the gameplay of Hong "MadLife" Min-gi. Within a span of six months, Keria transitioned from the bronze tier to the diamond tier and nurtured aspirations of pursuing a professional career. After three years of play, Keria attained the Challenger rank in the game's solo queue mode. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ryu Min-seok (Korean: 류민석; born October 14, 2002), better known as Keria, is a South Korean professional League of Legends player for T1. Throughout his career, he has won one League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) titles and one League of Legends World Championship title. He also represented the South Korean national team at the 2022 Asian Games, earning a gold medal.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Keria began his career as a trainee on DragonX in 2018. He competed as a starter for the team beginning in 2020 and reached the LCK Finals in the Summer Split. For the 2021 season, Keria signed with T1. He has reached the LCK Finals five more times, winning it in the 2022 Spring Split. Keria has reached the knockout stage in the World Champion in each of his first four years of play, making it to the quarterfinals in 2020, semifinals in 2021, finals in 2022, and winning the World Championship in 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Keria's individual accomplishments include accolades such becoming the first support player to win the LCK regular season MVP award, two LCK regular season MVP awards in total, three LCK Supporter of the Year awards, one LCK Player of the Split award, and five LCK First All-Pro Team designations.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2018, Keria began his career by joining DragonX (DRX) as a trainee support player, and in November 2019, he was promoted from trainee to the main roster. He made his debut with the team on December 26, 2019, at the KeSPA Cup, where he secured a 2–0 victory against KeG Chungnam. Keria was named the MVP of the match.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In his rookie season, the 2020 LCK Spring Split, Keria had the highest kill participation among all support players in the league at 77.4% through the first half of the regular season. At the end of the regular season, Keria finished in third in the season MVP race, earned a spot on the LCK First All-Pro Team, and received the LCK Young Player Award. DRX had a solid showing in the 2020 LCK Spring Split, finishing with a 14–4 record and on the back of a seven-game winning streak. They entered the playoffs with a bye to the second round but were eliminated in the semifinals by T1. In the Summer Split regular season, Keria led all LCK support players in KDA and kill participation, also topping the league with 401 assists during the regular season. DRX finished the regular season in second place with a 15–3 record. In the playoffs, DRX reached the finals but experienced a one-sided defeat against DAMWON Gaming (DWG), with DWG winning 3–0.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Entering the 2020 League of Legends World Championship as the LCK's second seed, DRX progressed beyond the group stage. However, their Worlds run ended in the playoff quarterfinals against DWG, mirroring their previous encounter in the LCK Summer Split Final. DWG secured a decisive 3–0 victory, resulting in DRX's exit from the Worlds tournament.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On November 18, 2020, T1 officially announced the acquisition of Keria for the 2021 season. Despite facing challenges early on in the 2021 LCK Spring Split regular season, T1 finished it with a five-game winning streak, securing a spot in the playoffs. Recognized with the nickname \"The Genius Monster,\" Keria earned a position on the LCK First All-Pro Team for the 2021 LCK Spring Split. In the playoffs, T1 emerged victorious against DRX in the first round but lost to Gen.G in the second round, finishing the split in fourth place. In the Summer Split, T1 finished fourth in the regular season standings with an 11–7 record. Keria secured his second consecutive placement on the LCK First All-Pro team at the end of the regular season. T1 advanced to the LCK Finals in the playoffs, but faced a defeat against DAMWON Gaming, settling for a second-place finish.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In October 20221, T1 defeated Hanwha Life Esports in the LCK regional qualifier finals, securing their place in the group stage of the 2021 World Championship. Progressing beyond the group stage, T1 advanced to the knockout semifinals, where they faced defeat against DWG. In December, Keria was presented the 2021 LCK Supporter of the Year award.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In the 2022 LCK Spring Split regular season, T1 achieved an unprecedented feat by concluding with an undefeated 18–0 record, marking the first time in LCK history that a team had accomplished such a perfect run. Keria broke the record for the most assists in a single split, recording 462 assists and surpassing the previous record of 445 set by former SK Telecom T1 support, Lee \"Wolf\" Jae-wan. Keria's performance earned him the distinction of being named the 2022 LCK Regular Season MVP, making him the first support player to receive this honor. Additionally, he secured a spot on the 2022 LCK First All-Pro team. T1 clinched the LCK title at the end of the split by defeating Gen.G on April 2, 2022, in the LCK Spring Finals, marking Keria's first LCK championship. On April 29, 2022, T1 extended Keria's contract through the end of the 2023 season. With the Spring Split title, Keria participated in his inaugural Mid-Season Invitational (MSI) as T1 qualified for the 2022 MSI as the LCK representative. Although the team reached the finals, they experienced a defeat against Royal Never Give Up, securing a second-place finish. During the 2022 LCK Summer Split, on July 7, Keria recorded his 2,500th assist in the LCK during a match against KT Rolster becoming the eighth support player and the 15th overall player in the LCK to reach this milestone. After T1's win over DWG KIA in the 2022 LCK Summer Split playoff semifinals, Keria was looked visibly ill postgame. He expressed in an interview afterwards that he had been feeling unwell since July, with symptoms such as brain fog and dizziness. T1 lost the 2022 Summer Split finals to Gen.G, finishing in second place.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "T1 entered the 2022 World Championship as the LCK's second seed. Keria reached the Worlds finals for the first time in his career after T1 defeated JD Gaming in the semifinals. However, T1 lost to DRX in the finals by a score of 2–3. After the loss, Keria was visibly upset, as the broadcast showed him shaking and tearing up. At the end of the year, Keria was named the LCK Supporter of the Year.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "In the 2023 LCK Spring Split regular season, Keria earned the most Player of the Game awards, securing the Player of the Split title and becoming the first support player in LCK to achieve the recognition. Alongside the entire starting T1 roster, he received a spot on the 2023 LCK Spring First All-Pro Team, and Keria was named the regular season MVP for the second time in his career. Despite their regular season performance, T1 reached the Spring Split playoff finals but once again fell short against Gen.G, finishing in second place. With the second-place finish, T1 qualified for the 2023 Mid-Season Invitational. At MSI, T1 reached the upper bracket finals but faced defeat against JD Gaming, sending them to the lower bracket finals, where they lost to Bilibili Gaming by a score of 1–3. In July 2023, during the 2023 LCK Summer Split, T1 encountered challenges as mid laner Lee \"Faker\" Sang-hyeok was sidelined due to a wrist injury. Keria's, as well as the entire team's, performance dipped during this period. Upon Faker's return, T1 won their final two matches, concluding the regular season in fifth place with a 9–9 record. On August 20, 2023, Keria made his sixth LCK finals appearance, but T1 faced another defeat against Gen.G in the finals.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "T1 entered the 2023 World Championship as the LCK's second seed. Keria reached his second consecutive appearance in the Worlds finals after T1 secured a victory over JD Gaming in the semifinals. In the finals against Weibo Gaming, the first game saw both teams evenly matched until the 18-minute mark, when Keria executed a move called Hostile Takeover. This play allowed teammates Faker and Zeus to secure kills that enabling T1 to establish a significant lead and ultimately secure the victory in the game. T1 carried this momentum to win the following two games as well, resulting in a 3–0 victory and giving Keria his first World Championship title. At the end of the year, Keria received his third consecutive LCK Supporter of the Year award.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Keria represented South Korea in the 2022 Asian Games one of the six members in the League of Legends division of the South Korea national esports team. Keria clinched a gold medal as South Korea emerged victorious against Saudi Arabia, China, and Chinese Taipei in the quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals, respectively. With the gold medal, Keria received an exemption from mandatory military service.",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Keria was born on October 14, 2002, in Busan, Korea. He began playing video games when he was four years old when his grandmother dropped him and his older brother, Ryu Tae-seok, off at a PC Bang while she was running errands. Raised by his brother, Keria begain playing League of Legends in the fifth grade at his brother's suggestion. Although his initial interest in the game was modest, he was inspired after watching a highlight montage featuring the gameplay of Hong \"MadLife\" Min-gi. Within a span of six months, Keria transitioned from the bronze tier to the diamond tier and nurtured aspirations of pursuing a professional career. After three years of play, Keria attained the Challenger rank in the game's solo queue mode.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Ryu Min-seok, better known as Keria, is a South Korean professional League of Legends player for T1. Throughout his career, he has won one League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) titles and one League of Legends World Championship title. He also represented the South Korean national team at the 2022 Asian Games, earning a gold medal. Keria began his career as a trainee on DragonX in 2018. He competed as a starter for the team beginning in 2020 and reached the LCK Finals in the Summer Split. For the 2021 season, Keria signed with T1. He has reached the LCK Finals five more times, winning it in the 2022 Spring Split. Keria has reached the knockout stage in the World Champion in each of his first four years of play, making it to the quarterfinals in 2020, semifinals in 2021, finals in 2022, and winning the World Championship in 2023. Keria's individual accomplishments include accolades such becoming the first support player to win the LCK regular season MVP award, two LCK regular season MVP awards in total, three LCK Supporter of the Year awards, one LCK Player of the Split award, and five LCK First All-Pro Team designations. | 2023-12-10T23:26:00Z | 2023-12-26T18:23:18Z | [
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75,533,694 | Grand P | Moussa Sandiana Kaba known as Grand P, was born on October 11, 1990, in Sanguiana, Nabaya, Guinea. Despite facing the challenges of progeria, a condition causing accelerated aging, Grand P has become a prominent figure known for his distinctive appearance.
Grand P spent his formative years in the quaint town of Sanguiana, guided by his parents, commonly referred to as Mr. and Mrs. Kaba.
Grand P's journey to recognition began during a show organized by his idol, Kerfala Kante, at the People's Palace in Conakry. Notably, he supported the Guinean delegation in Cairo during CAN 2019, marking a significant milestone. Collaborating with influential figures in the Guinean music industry, such as Azaya and King Alasko, Grand P has released singles and an album titled "I khadi nanna." His notable singles include "Grand P Barana," "Life," and "Syli." In 2019, he collaborated with Sidiki Diabaté on "Irhafama," and in 2020, Boncena featured him in "Amour Ndoto (Dream)."
Beyond music, Grand P is recognized as a social media influencer and politician.
Grand P's personal life, notably his relationship with Ivorian model Eudoxie Yao, has faced public scrutiny. Engaged since August 2020, their on-and-off relationship has been criticized, with accusations of financial motives. Originally planning to marry in early 2021, the couple decided against proceeding with their wedding.
On December 5, 2023, Grand P and Eudoxie Yao were warmly received at Kotoka International Airport in Ghana. However, on December 8, 2023, Eudoxie Yao accused Grand P of being a womanizer during an interview, emphasizing the authenticity of their relationship. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Moussa Sandiana Kaba known as Grand P, was born on October 11, 1990, in Sanguiana, Nabaya, Guinea. Despite facing the challenges of progeria, a condition causing accelerated aging, Grand P has become a prominent figure known for his distinctive appearance.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Grand P spent his formative years in the quaint town of Sanguiana, guided by his parents, commonly referred to as Mr. and Mrs. Kaba.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Grand P's journey to recognition began during a show organized by his idol, Kerfala Kante, at the People's Palace in Conakry. Notably, he supported the Guinean delegation in Cairo during CAN 2019, marking a significant milestone. Collaborating with influential figures in the Guinean music industry, such as Azaya and King Alasko, Grand P has released singles and an album titled \"I khadi nanna.\" His notable singles include \"Grand P Barana,\" \"Life,\" and \"Syli.\" In 2019, he collaborated with Sidiki Diabaté on \"Irhafama,\" and in 2020, Boncena featured him in \"Amour Ndoto (Dream).\"",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Beyond music, Grand P is recognized as a social media influencer and politician.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Grand P's personal life, notably his relationship with Ivorian model Eudoxie Yao, has faced public scrutiny. Engaged since August 2020, their on-and-off relationship has been criticized, with accusations of financial motives. Originally planning to marry in early 2021, the couple decided against proceeding with their wedding.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On December 5, 2023, Grand P and Eudoxie Yao were warmly received at Kotoka International Airport in Ghana. However, on December 8, 2023, Eudoxie Yao accused Grand P of being a womanizer during an interview, emphasizing the authenticity of their relationship.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Moussa Sandiana Kaba known as Grand P, was born on October 11, 1990, in Sanguiana, Nabaya, Guinea. Despite facing the challenges of progeria, a condition causing accelerated aging, Grand P has become a prominent figure known for his distinctive appearance. | 2023-12-10T23:26:10Z | 2023-12-13T21:39:28Z | [
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75,533,698 | Hennepin Energy Recovery Center | The Hennepin Energy Recovery Center also called HERC is a waste-to-energy plant in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Following changes to state law in 1980 that prioritized incinerating garbage over directly filling landfills, HERC was developed and began generating electricity in 1989. Located in the North Loop neighborhood near Target Field, the facility replaced a Greyhound Lines bus maintenance facility. The facility which is owned by Hennepin County, collects almost half of all waste generated in the county.
Operation of the facility has been controversial with proposals to burn more trash or close the facility both proposed since 2009. Proposals to burn more trash cite the need to deal with an increasing amount of trash generated and to avoid filling landfills as quickly while proposals to close the facility cite the pollution generated and impact on surrounding neighborhoods.
In 2023 the Minnesota state legislature required 100% of electricity in the state to be generated by green energy by 2040 and reclassified waste-to-energy power generation as no longer being considered green. The Hennepin County board voted to develop a plan to close the facility between 2028-2040 with activists advocating for an earlier closure.
Almost half of Hennepin County's waste is incinerated at the facility. The facility earns money from charging trash haulers to dump their waste, from selling the steam generated from burning the waste, from selling scrap metal left over from burning the waste and from selling the generated electricity. In 2023, the facility was expected to earn over $25 million from garbage haulers dumping their waste at the facility. The facility is one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases in Minnesota, emitting the 31st most in the state but generates only 0.2% of air pollution in Hennepin County as most air pollution in Hennepin County is created by vehicles. The facility is managed by Great River Energy.
Heat from the facility is used to melt snow on sidewalks near Target Field station. A portion of excess rain and snow runoff from Target Field station is used by the center. Heat is also used to melt snow in the infield of Target Field and encourage grass growth.
A 1980 Minnesota state law prioritized waste incineration over filling landfills. HERC was developed following that law and was one of more than 10 waste incinerators opened in Minnesota. The center replaced a Greyhound Lines bus maintenance facility and at the time there were few people living nearby. The center cost $189 million to construct. HERC first started generating electricity in 1989 and is one of seven garbage incinerators in Minnesota. The facility was bought by General Electric in 1988 and sold to Hennepin County in 2003. Covanta Energy operated the facility from opening in 1989 until 2018 when Great River Energy began managing the center.
The future of HERC has been controversial with competing ideas to expand or close the facility. Since 2009 there has been discussion about expanding use of the facility or even closing it. Environmental justice advocates are concerned about the pollution generated near local neighborhoods. In 2009 Hennepin County failed to get approval to burn more waste at the facility.
After attempting to increase the amount of garbage burned in the facility by 20% in 2013, Hennepin County decided that instead of attempting to gain approval to burn more garbage, that the county would push Minneapolis to collect organic waste. Environmental activists had fought against expanding the amount of trash incinerated and 2013 mayoral candidates had been divided on their opinion on whether to approve increase burning.
When Hennepin County's climate action plan was approved in 2021, it did not plan for the closure of HERC. Environmental justice organizers criticized the climate action plan and the decision to continue to operate HERC.
A law passed during the 2023 Minnesota legislative session required Hennepin County to develop a plan to close the facility in order to receive $26 million in funding for an organic waste processing facility. Legislation required 100% of electricity in Minnesota to be generated by green energy by 2040 and waste incineration was not categorized as green energy. In October, the Hennepin County board voted to close the facility at some point between 2028 and 2040. Environmental justice advocates had argued for closure by 2025. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Hennepin Energy Recovery Center also called HERC is a waste-to-energy plant in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Following changes to state law in 1980 that prioritized incinerating garbage over directly filling landfills, HERC was developed and began generating electricity in 1989. Located in the North Loop neighborhood near Target Field, the facility replaced a Greyhound Lines bus maintenance facility. The facility which is owned by Hennepin County, collects almost half of all waste generated in the county.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Operation of the facility has been controversial with proposals to burn more trash or close the facility both proposed since 2009. Proposals to burn more trash cite the need to deal with an increasing amount of trash generated and to avoid filling landfills as quickly while proposals to close the facility cite the pollution generated and impact on surrounding neighborhoods.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2023 the Minnesota state legislature required 100% of electricity in the state to be generated by green energy by 2040 and reclassified waste-to-energy power generation as no longer being considered green. The Hennepin County board voted to develop a plan to close the facility between 2028-2040 with activists advocating for an earlier closure.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Almost half of Hennepin County's waste is incinerated at the facility. The facility earns money from charging trash haulers to dump their waste, from selling the steam generated from burning the waste, from selling scrap metal left over from burning the waste and from selling the generated electricity. In 2023, the facility was expected to earn over $25 million from garbage haulers dumping their waste at the facility. The facility is one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases in Minnesota, emitting the 31st most in the state but generates only 0.2% of air pollution in Hennepin County as most air pollution in Hennepin County is created by vehicles. The facility is managed by Great River Energy.",
"title": "Facility"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Heat from the facility is used to melt snow on sidewalks near Target Field station. A portion of excess rain and snow runoff from Target Field station is used by the center. Heat is also used to melt snow in the infield of Target Field and encourage grass growth.",
"title": "Facility"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "A 1980 Minnesota state law prioritized waste incineration over filling landfills. HERC was developed following that law and was one of more than 10 waste incinerators opened in Minnesota. The center replaced a Greyhound Lines bus maintenance facility and at the time there were few people living nearby. The center cost $189 million to construct. HERC first started generating electricity in 1989 and is one of seven garbage incinerators in Minnesota. The facility was bought by General Electric in 1988 and sold to Hennepin County in 2003. Covanta Energy operated the facility from opening in 1989 until 2018 when Great River Energy began managing the center.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The future of HERC has been controversial with competing ideas to expand or close the facility. Since 2009 there has been discussion about expanding use of the facility or even closing it. Environmental justice advocates are concerned about the pollution generated near local neighborhoods. In 2009 Hennepin County failed to get approval to burn more waste at the facility.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "After attempting to increase the amount of garbage burned in the facility by 20% in 2013, Hennepin County decided that instead of attempting to gain approval to burn more garbage, that the county would push Minneapolis to collect organic waste. Environmental activists had fought against expanding the amount of trash incinerated and 2013 mayoral candidates had been divided on their opinion on whether to approve increase burning.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "When Hennepin County's climate action plan was approved in 2021, it did not plan for the closure of HERC. Environmental justice organizers criticized the climate action plan and the decision to continue to operate HERC.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "A law passed during the 2023 Minnesota legislative session required Hennepin County to develop a plan to close the facility in order to receive $26 million in funding for an organic waste processing facility. Legislation required 100% of electricity in Minnesota to be generated by green energy by 2040 and waste incineration was not categorized as green energy. In October, the Hennepin County board voted to close the facility at some point between 2028 and 2040. Environmental justice advocates had argued for closure by 2025.",
"title": "Future"
}
] | The Hennepin Energy Recovery Center also called HERC is a waste-to-energy plant in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Following changes to state law in 1980 that prioritized incinerating garbage over directly filling landfills, HERC was developed and began generating electricity in 1989. Located in the North Loop neighborhood near Target Field, the facility replaced a Greyhound Lines bus maintenance facility. The facility which is owned by Hennepin County, collects almost half of all waste generated in the county. Operation of the facility has been controversial with proposals to burn more trash or close the facility both proposed since 2009. Proposals to burn more trash cite the need to deal with an increasing amount of trash generated and to avoid filling landfills as quickly while proposals to close the facility cite the pollution generated and impact on surrounding neighborhoods. In 2023 the Minnesota state legislature required 100% of electricity in the state to be generated by green energy by 2040 and reclassified waste-to-energy power generation as no longer being considered green. The Hennepin County board voted to develop a plan to close the facility between 2028-2040 with activists advocating for an earlier closure. | 2023-12-10T23:27:28Z | 2023-12-11T09:32:07Z | [
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75,533,726 | Adetunji Adeshina | Adetunji Razaq Adeshina (born on 2 December 2004) is a Nigerian football midfielder who plays for FK Novi Pazar in the Serbian SuperLiga.
Adeshina played for several seasons in the FK Novi Pazar youth team before making his debut in the senior squad in the 2022–23 Serbian SuperLiga. | [
{
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"text": "Adetunji Razaq Adeshina (born on 2 December 2004) is a Nigerian football midfielder who plays for FK Novi Pazar in the Serbian SuperLiga.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "Adeshina played for several seasons in the FK Novi Pazar youth team before making his debut in the senior squad in the 2022–23 Serbian SuperLiga.",
"title": "Club career"
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] | Adetunji Razaq Adeshina is a Nigerian football midfielder who plays for FK Novi Pazar in the Serbian SuperLiga. | 2023-12-10T23:31:44Z | 2023-12-14T19:28:30Z | [
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75,533,729 | Marc Llinares | Marc Llinares Barragán (born 26 August 1999) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a left-back for Hammarby IF in the Swedish Allsvenskan.
Llinares was born in Barcelona, Spain, and started to play youth football with local club Espanyol, where he spent seven years. He later moved on to represent both Villarreal and CF Damm at youth level.
In 2018–19, Llinares played his first season at senior level with Mallorca B in the Tercera División, the Spanish fourth level, making 16 appearances. In 2019–20, he suffered a long-term injury that kept him sidelined for the first half of the season, before making a move to Algeciras in the Segunda División B, the domestic third tier, on 31 January 2020. The following season, in 2020–21, Llinares established himself as an important player for Algeciras, that won their first phase group and finished third in their second phase group securing a place in the Primera Federación, scoring three goals in 25 appearances. The team also reached the 2021 Segunda División B play-offs, but lost 1–2 to Real Sociedad B in overtime.
On 18 June 2021, Llinares signed a three year-contract with Albacete in the Primera Federación. In his debut season with the club, Llinares made 20 league appearances, helping Albacete to win promotion to the Segunda División through a win over Deportivo de La Coruña in the 2021–22 playoffs. On 25 August 2022, Llinares was sent on loan with a purchase option to Osasuna B. Throughout the 2022–23 season, he made 29 league appearances for the side in the Primera Federación. On 22 July 2023, Llinares left Albacete by mutual consent, with one year left on his contract.
On 26 July 2023, Llinares signed a three-year contract with Hammarby IF in the Swedish Allsvenskan. He made his first competitive appearance for Spanish head coach Martí Cifuentes on 20 August the same year, coming on as a substitute in a 0–0 away draw against Kalmar FF. In total, he made 11 league appearances for the side in 2023, although Hammarby disappointedly finished 7th in the table. | [
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"text": "Llinares was born in Barcelona, Spain, and started to play youth football with local club Espanyol, where he spent seven years. He later moved on to represent both Villarreal and CF Damm at youth level.",
"title": "Early life"
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"text": "In 2018–19, Llinares played his first season at senior level with Mallorca B in the Tercera División, the Spanish fourth level, making 16 appearances. In 2019–20, he suffered a long-term injury that kept him sidelined for the first half of the season, before making a move to Algeciras in the Segunda División B, the domestic third tier, on 31 January 2020. The following season, in 2020–21, Llinares established himself as an important player for Algeciras, that won their first phase group and finished third in their second phase group securing a place in the Primera Federación, scoring three goals in 25 appearances. The team also reached the 2021 Segunda División B play-offs, but lost 1–2 to Real Sociedad B in overtime.",
"title": "Club career"
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"text": "On 18 June 2021, Llinares signed a three year-contract with Albacete in the Primera Federación. In his debut season with the club, Llinares made 20 league appearances, helping Albacete to win promotion to the Segunda División through a win over Deportivo de La Coruña in the 2021–22 playoffs. On 25 August 2022, Llinares was sent on loan with a purchase option to Osasuna B. Throughout the 2022–23 season, he made 29 league appearances for the side in the Primera Federación. On 22 July 2023, Llinares left Albacete by mutual consent, with one year left on his contract.",
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"title": "Club career"
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] | Marc Llinares Barragán is a Spanish footballer who plays as a left-back for Hammarby IF in the Swedish Allsvenskan. | 2023-12-10T23:31:58Z | 2023-12-10T23:38:39Z | [
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75,533,738 | 2001 Quezon City local elections | Local elections was held in Quezon City on May 14, 2001, within the Philippine general election. The voters elected for the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, the four Congressmen, and the councilors, 10 in each of the city's six legislative districts.
As Mel Mathay was term limited. Feliciano "Sonny" Belmonte, one of Quezon City's representative was also a term limited, and decided to contest on the position. Belmonte selected Connie Angeles, who has chance to get another term as vice mayor.
Belmonte and Angeles was challenged by action-star Rudy Fernandez, and comedian Herbert Bautista respectively, who also served as formerly served as vice mayor from 1995 to 1998.
Congressman Feliciano "Sonny" Belmonte defeated Rudy Fernandez.
Former vice mayor and comedian Herbert Bautista defeated actress and incumbent Connie Angeles. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Local elections was held in Quezon City on May 14, 2001, within the Philippine general election. The voters elected for the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, the four Congressmen, and the councilors, 10 in each of the city's six legislative districts.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As Mel Mathay was term limited. Feliciano \"Sonny\" Belmonte, one of Quezon City's representative was also a term limited, and decided to contest on the position. Belmonte selected Connie Angeles, who has chance to get another term as vice mayor.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Belmonte and Angeles was challenged by action-star Rudy Fernandez, and comedian Herbert Bautista respectively, who also served as formerly served as vice mayor from 1995 to 1998.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Congressman Feliciano \"Sonny\" Belmonte defeated Rudy Fernandez.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Former vice mayor and comedian Herbert Bautista defeated actress and incumbent Connie Angeles.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
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"text": "",
"title": "References"
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{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
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] | Local elections was held in Quezon City on May 14, 2001, within the Philippine general election. The voters elected for the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, the four Congressmen, and the councilors, 10 in each of the city's six legislative districts. | 2023-12-10T23:34:10Z | 2023-12-27T19:11:22Z | [
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75,533,765 | Francine G. McNairy | Francine Gladys McNairy is an American academic administrator who served as the thirteenth president of Millersville University of Pennsylvania from 2003 to 2013.
McNairy earned a bachelor's degree sociology (1968), a master's degree in social work (1970), and a Ph.D. in speech rhetoric/communication with emphasis on interpersonal and small group communication from the University of Pittsburgh (1978). Her dissertation was titled, Black Students' and White Faculty Members' Perceptions of Black Students' Classroom Communication.
In 1973, McNairy became an assistant professor at Clarion University. She was promoted to dean of academic support services and assistant to the vice president for academic affairs. For three years, McNairy served as the associate provost and interim social equity director at the West Chester University. In August 1994, she joined Millersville University of Pennsylvania as its provost and vice president of academic affairs. During the fall 1997 semester, she was the acting president while Joseph Caputo was on sabbatical. She succeeded Caputo in March 2003 as the thirteenth president. She was the first African American and woman in the role. She stepped down on January 26, 2013. She was succeeded by John M. Anderson. | [
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"text": "Francine Gladys McNairy is an American academic administrator who served as the thirteenth president of Millersville University of Pennsylvania from 2003 to 2013.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "McNairy earned a bachelor's degree sociology (1968), a master's degree in social work (1970), and a Ph.D. in speech rhetoric/communication with emphasis on interpersonal and small group communication from the University of Pittsburgh (1978). Her dissertation was titled, Black Students' and White Faculty Members' Perceptions of Black Students' Classroom Communication.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
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"text": "In 1973, McNairy became an assistant professor at Clarion University. She was promoted to dean of academic support services and assistant to the vice president for academic affairs. For three years, McNairy served as the associate provost and interim social equity director at the West Chester University. In August 1994, she joined Millersville University of Pennsylvania as its provost and vice president of academic affairs. During the fall 1997 semester, she was the acting president while Joseph Caputo was on sabbatical. She succeeded Caputo in March 2003 as the thirteenth president. She was the first African American and woman in the role. She stepped down on January 26, 2013. She was succeeded by John M. Anderson.",
"title": "Life"
}
] | Francine Gladys McNairy is an American academic administrator who served as the thirteenth president of Millersville University of Pennsylvania from 2003 to 2013. | 2023-12-10T23:39:07Z | 2023-12-30T10:33:40Z | [
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75,533,785 | 1789–1790 influenza epidemic | Between the fall of 1789 and the spring of 1790, influenza occurred extensively throughout the United States and North America more broadly. First reported in the southern United States in September, it spread throughout the northern states in October and November, appeared about the same time in the West Indies, and reached as far north as Nova Scotia before the end of 1789. In the spring of 1790, a renewed epidemic developed, almost as universal as the first but more often fatal.
By the late 18th century, influenza was a relatively common feature in North America. The disease was definitively recorded on the continent for the first time in 1647. The Western Hemisphere was then involved in several pandemics during the 1700s, including one in 1761 which, notably, might have begun in North America. Prior to 1789, the last major epidemic of influenza on the continent was in the spring of 1781.
In March 1788, influenza broke out in Saint Petersburg and in Kherson (at the time part of Russia), as well as in Warsaw, where even the King of Poland was afflicted. It then spread westward across Europe throughout the year, evidently appearing last in Geneva, in October.
Following this epidemic of 1788, influenza was generally not reported again until the latter half of 1789, though there is perhaps some evidence that the disease may have been present in some form during the intervening period. For example, Luigi Careno, an Italian doctor based in Vienna, details a "very epidemic catarrh" that prevailed in the city during the winter of 1789; William Eden, then Ambassador to Spain for George III, describes "a new influenza of colds" prevailing in March 1789 in Madrid, where his ambassadorship was at that time coming to an end; and, according to the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, influenza was epidemic in that city in April 1789. Beyond these accounts, however, the major histories of the disease on the whole make no mention of influenza during this time.
The connection between the epidemic of 1788 and that of 1789–1790, if any, is not entirely clear. Historically, the two were often considered separately, though some authors have considered them together as a single epidemic period, both in older and more modern sources.
According to Noah Webster, some accounts place the earliest outbreaks of the disease in Canada, though there is very little, if any, evidence of this, beyond Webster's reporting. Influenza was present in Georgia in September, and at least one report suggests that it was also prevalent in South Carolina (Charleston) by the end of the month and soon after. It appeared in Virginia at the end of September.
The flu broke out sometime in September in New York City, then the capital of the young nation, where it quickly assumed epidemic proportions. John Fenno, publisher of the influential Gazette of the United States, contracted the disease in early October. On the 9th, he wrote of "an almost universal Complaint here of a severe Cold"; the next day, he came to the conclusion that the city was "afflicted with the Influenza—I can call it by no other name." In a letter to his sister, dated 12 October, George Washington describes "[a] sort of epidemical cold" that had pervaded the city but which he had thus far been able to avoid. This "Epidemick cold", as Abigail Adams called it, soon invaded the household of Richmond Hill, on Manhattan Island, afflicting the whole Adams family (except for John Quincy and the vice president, who had departed for Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, on the 5th and the 12th, respectively). On 15 October, the president set out on his tour of the New England states.
Philadelphia was stricken at the beginning of October, or perhaps even as early as late September; the outbreak there, in any case, developed subsequently to the one in New York. William Currie, a notable physician in the city, speculated that the disease could have been brought, at least in part, by some Friends of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting that had come from New York for the body's annual meeting, which that year was held from 28 September to 3 October. On the other hand, Benjamin Rush, another eminent doctor of Philadelphia, suggested that members of the 1st Congress, arriving in the city from New York after the close of the first session on 29 September, might have played a part in introducing the disease. They were, perhaps not surprisingly, "much indisposed with colds", and though they attributed their general sickness "to… fatigue and the night air", the immense and rapid spread of the disease shortly thereafter made it clear that it must have been the one "so well known of late years, by the name of the Influenza."
To observers such as Rush, the disease was considered to have spread from these cities "in all directions". It was general in Fairfield County, Connecticut, at the beginning of October. On the 12th or 15th, it broke out in Hartford, where Webster lived at that time. On the 19th, he left the town for Boston and arrived there the next day. By the last week of October, the disease was prevalent in the interior of Pennsylvania, as well as in New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland; by the first week of November, it was prevalent in all the states of New England (Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire).
On 24 October, Washington arrived in Boston, escorted by Lieutenant Governor Samuel Adams and the Executive Council, amid much fanfare. A massive crowd had gathered in a procession to welcome him. According to Webster, who began to develop symptoms the day of his own arrival in the city, influenza was not yet present among the inhabitants at this time. Nonetheless, by the 26th, Washington had contracted it, and soon thereafter it broke out more noticeably throughout the city. This timing was not lost on the people, who quickly took to calling the prevailing ailment by such names as the "Washington influenza", the "Washington cold", and the "President's cough", suspecting they had caught it during the celebrations. By the start of November, the city of Boston was "universally seized" by the flu, such that, according to at least one report, nine-tenths of its inhabitants had already fallen ill.
Influenza began to appear in the West Indies around the same time as it did in the northern United States, in October and November. It broke out in Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica, around 20 October and in Nassau, on the island of New Providence, in the last week of October. The disease "raged universally" on the islands of Sint Eustatius, Saint Kitts, and Dominica at this time as well.
In early November, some trade vessels arrived at the ports of St. George's and Grenville Bay in Grenada from these afflicted islands. These ships, it was believed, introduced the flu into the island, as they were navigated by enslaved sailors who were "very much afflicted with it". These sailors, returning to the homes of their respective enslavers, were lodged alongside others of their station, who at that time were "in a perfect state of health". In less than a week, however, all were stricken; and, over the course of a fortnight, influenza became universally prevalent in St. George's. This same month, it was similarly universal in Saint Croix and in Kingston.
In these parts, similar to on the mainland, great numbers were afflicted, but the illness was mostly not very fatal. In Kingston, it struck "all classes of people, and few escaped it"; generally mild, it occasioned few or no fatalities. Similarly, in St. George's, it "indiscriminately" infected both whites and blacks, with "very few" escaping it; and, in Westmoreland Parish, it "seized great numbers of all ages, colours, and sexes", even among the young and healthy. Nonetheless, it did still have the potential to be severe during this initial epidemic. In the parish, the disease indeed "visited successively, less or more, every estate and settlement," but it could vary from place to place: Some were affected very severely, while others experienced milder outbreaks, even a few hardly perceiving its presence at all.
The epidemic continued to rage throughout the United States in November, by which time the whole country was in its grip. As The Vermont Gazette reported for 9 November, "So universal a complaint of bad colds perhaps never prevailed in America before, as at present." Its publishers, in the same report, express their apologies for the abbreviated edition that day, as the flu had afflicted their own families, as it had so many already. In Boston, where the disease "rag'd universally", felling entire families, normal business faltered in the middle of the month on account of the outbreak; bread production, for example, declined to less than a quarter of its typical output.
On 1 November, John Adams wrote to his wife Abigail from Braintree that "[t]he Influenza is here as general as it was at N. York", informing her that their youngest son, Thomas, had come down with it there but was improving. Abigail would later receive word from her sister, Mary Smith Cranch (with whom Thomas was staying at this time), that the whole household was "much indisposed with colds but nobody quite sick". On the 22nd, Abigail wrote to her eldest son, John Quincy, admonishing him for not writing at all after leaving New York the month before. As it turned out, John had contracted "a severe cold" upon his arrival in Braintree on 9 October, which confined him for 2 or 3 days; only later did he conclude that it had likely been the influenza. Writing to his mother on 5 December, he describes the sickness as "almost universal in this State", as it had been since his own infection. He recounts having been scolded for singularly maintaining relatively good health during this time, "while all the world were more or less diseased."
In December, the flu prevailed in Nova Scotia and, near the end of the month, appeared in Saint Lucia. It appeared among the Spanish settlements in South America that winter. In the United States, it persisted into December. The epidemic in Philadelphia lasted about six or seven weeks. On the whole, it took six to eight weeks for the disease to spread across the whole country.
The epidemic reportedly afflicted Native Americans with some severity. According to the land surveyor Andrew Ellicott, influenza struck those in the Niagara region "with peculiar force"; they apparently considered the attendant cough of the illness to be "so new and so irritating" that they attributed it to "witchcraft."
In Grenada, a shift in the presentation of the disease began to be observed in the middle of December. While earlier in the fall it had been a more catarrhal (i.e., coldlike) affliction, it soon took on a more inflammatory character, marked "by the violence, obscurity, and insidious nature of its symptoms" when it first appeared on some estates. This change "increased to a most alarming degree, and rendered the disorder… extremely dangerous and fatal." By mid-January 1790, the disease was ubiquitous on the island again.
A similar shift was noted around this time in Virginia, where over the winter an inflammatory ailment began to appear, associated with symptoms so much more severe that there was some uncertainty whether it was influenza at all. The disease "was much more fatal" and often resistant to treatment. In the north, influenza evidently reappeared first along the Hudson River the last week of March, in Albany and in Vermont, where it laid entire families low for weeks. In early April it appeared along the Connecticut River, to the east, and from there in the northeast apparently spread in a southwest direction.
By 5 April, the incidence of "bad colds and inflammatory disorders" was reportedly already greater than it had ever been in southern Vermont. Indeed, it was quite clear by mid-April that the influenza had returned to the United States. It was once again "universal" in Hartford; it was "raging" in Norwich, where it was noted to have assumed "redoubled violence"; and in Boston, it had reportedly already stricken one-third of its citizens. By the end of the month, it was prevalent in Providence.
On 22 April, Sarah Livingston Jay received word of the outbreak in Hartford and, the next day, wrote to her husband John, at that time the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, urging him to be careful while in the town, where he was at that time as part of his duties as Circuit Justice for the Eastern Circuit. Although he would not receive this message until the following month, he would have needed no warning: On 26 April, the Chief Justice wrote in his diary that "almost every Family here is down with the Influenza— some old people have died with it". Indeed, by the end of the month, "little business" was getting done at all on account of the outbreak besides tending to the sick.
Influenza reappeared in New York City sometime in April as well. Alexander Hamilton, the Secretary of the Treasury, contracted the disease there at some point, such that, by 6 May, he had been confined by the illness for "several Weeks". Late in April, influenza again invaded the estate of Richmond Hill, which Abigail Adams described as "a mere Hospital", each member confined to a different chamber with some sort of affliction; the vice president, however, again evaded infection. James Madison, then a U.S. representative from Virginia, received a "full measure" of it during this time as well.
The disease broke out in Philadelphia the last week of April, though it remained generally mild during its prevalence there over the next month, in contrast to other places. It was already declining in Boston by the first week of May but continued to spread and prevail in many parts throughout the month. It reappeared "with additional violence" in the Maryland and Virginia counties situated upon those states' "fertile rivers" and, similarly, was reported to be "mortally dangerous" in Delaware around this time.
In New Hampshire, the disease crippled normal business operations in Portsmouth, where it had broken out the month before; it prevailed in Exeter (the state's capital at this time) and neighboring towns, with some mortality reported. A report out of Newburyport, Massachusetts, near the end of May described mortality from the flu, as well as other illnesses in that area, as having surpassed that of any other time in memory.
Influenza prevailed with particular force in New York City throughout the month of May. On 8 May, Abigail Adams wrote to her sister Mary that she had recovered from what she had come to learn was the influenza, noting that "almost every Body throughout the whole city are labouring under it." Sarah Livingston Jay made a similar observation around the same time in a letter to her husband, describing the disease as "as prevalent here at present as it was last Autumn" and informing him of illnesses in the family, including that of his brother and sister-in-law. That same day, 10 May, she was seized with the influenza herself. She wrote John again a few days later, updating him of her condition, as well as that of their 1-year-old son William, who had been "likewise very ill" by then but was recovering.
The Chief Justice was in Portsmouth, on the last leg of his circuit duties, when he received his wife's letters on the 20th. He was swift to respond to the latter of the two, expressing his "anxiety" at the news of his loved ones' illnesses. He promised her that nothing would delay his return to her and stated his expectation of their reunion by mid-June, for he remained as yet well, despite the unfortunate timing of his circuit that spring: "The whole Country has been sick, and indeed is much so yet."
Indeed, in the town of Braintree, sickness was as prevalent as anywhere. In a message dated 16 May, Mary Smith Cranch wrote to her sister in New York describing the many illnesses in the family, including that of her daughter Elizabeth, whose "whole Family been sick Baby & all with this new distemper". She relates, "In short I hardly know of a Person who has not been or is now sick" — but it was not just the epidemic influenza: "I believe there have been more People who have had the measles in this Parish than ever had them before & many of them attackd with the Influenzy at the same time." Several of their acquaintances had died of the flu already. It would take until the 25th for Mary to complete her letter, sickness by then still front of mind. Having returned from Hingham, she writes that "Uncles Family every root & Branch of it were weak haveing just had the influenzy" and, similarly, that the whole family of their sister Elizabeth had been ill but were by then improved. As for her daughter Elizabeth, about whom Abigail had been much worried, and Elizabeth's young son, Mary could share the news of at least their recoveries, in contrast to so many adults and infants alike in her vicinity, whether on account of the measles or the influenza.
The epidemic continued in the nation's capital. The city was, according to Senator Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, "a perfect Hospital—few are well & many very sick." Responding to her sister in a letter dated 30 May, Abigail Adams expressed her "dread" surrounding a disconcerting piece of news that had come to public light earlier that month: The president had fallen mortally ill.
It is unclear when exactly Washington contracted the influenza. The first indication of illness from the president himself was recorded in his diary, in which he wrote for Sunday, 9 May 1790, "Indisposed with a bad cold, and at home all day writing letters on private business." However, there is reason to believe that he contracted the disease as early as early April or even late March. Richard Bland Lee, a U.S. representative from Virginia, wrote to David Stuart, a doctor and close advisor to the president, on 6 April that "the President has been unwell for a few days past." Over the next several days Washington's health was apparently in decline, as attested by George Clymer, a representative from Pennsylvania, who described the "great deal of anxiety" surrounding the president's health at this time.
On 20 April, Washington set out on a tour of Long Island, apparently in an effort to regain his failing health. Several observers attest that this outing did improve his condition somewhat, but the relief was only temporary. On 7 May, William Maclay, a U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, wrote to Benjamin Rush that the president had "nearly lost his hearing" on account of his illness. Two days later, he was afflicted with that "bad cold" and was unable to leave his bed on the 10th, on which day he "was taken with a peripneumony, of threatening appearance", according to Thomas Jefferson.
In these first days of Washington's more severe condition, an effort was made to conceal his illness from the public, "as a general allarm may have proved injurious to the present State of the government", as Abigail Adams explained to the Massachusetts physician Cotton Tufts. After a minor improvement on 12 May, the president's health declined quickly to a critical point on 15 May. By the next day, there were "no hopes of his recovery." Around this time, despite the attempts at secrecy, Washington's indisposition had become relatively well known in New York City and Philadelphia, and the press was quick to pick up on the story. There was, reportedly, "Universal Gloom throughout this Country"; in South Carolina, citizens were "greatly alarmed of late at the Account of the President's ill-health." Concern for the president emanated from across the country and even as far as Europe.
During this time, Washington was attended mainly by the eminent New York City physician Samuel Bard, who had previously tended to the president in June 1789 during another period of severe illness, which ultimately required the removal of a tumor from his left leg. While afflicted with the influenza, Washington suffered from "a very high fever" and "expectorate[d] blood". On 16 May, as his physicians considered him to be on the verge of death, he "was Seazd with Hicups & rattling in his Throat". He was administered James's fever powder, and this evidently "produced a happy Effect". That evening, he began to sweat copiously, a change that was thought to relieve his cough and improve his breathing. By the next morning, Washington was much improved, and he was considered to be out of danger. By 20 May, his fever had reportedly broken, and he was back on his feet by the 22nd. News of the president's recovery inspired universal relief, including among "friends to America" in Paris, and the press reported on this positive development.
While Washington was ill, his presidential duties were carried out by William Jackson, one of his personal secretaries. Although he had improved enough to move about his room freely by the 23rd, it seems he did not resume his official duties until the end of the month. On 3 June, Washington wrote to the Marquis de Lafayette that he was "recovered, except in point of strength." He shared the advice of his physicians to exercise more and focus less on business, but he considered it "essential to accomplish whatever I have undertaken (though reluctantly) to the best of my abilities." It was not until 24 June that he resumed making entries in his diary, around which time he added an entry for 10 May, the first day of his confinement, that described the beginning of his "severe illness … which left me in a convalescent state for several weeks after the violence of it had passed".
In a letter to David Stuart dated 15 June, Washington reflected on the state of his health. He noted, "Within the last twelve months I have undergone more, and severer sickness than thirty preceding years afflicted me with, put it altogether", and expressed his fear that a third bout of illness might "put me to sleep with my fathers". Although thankful for how much he had improved, he could "still feel the remains of the violent affection of my lungs—The cough, the pain in my breast, and shortness in breathing not having entirely left me."
The epidemic in Philadelphia declined about the first week of June, and it was apparently over in most parts of the country by the summer. Among the more notable victims of this epidemic was Theodorick Bland, a U.S. representative from Virginia, who succumbed to the disease on 1 June, becoming the first member of the House of Representatives to die while in office. He was succeeded by William Branch Giles, who was elected in a special election in July and took office on 7 December 1790.
The outbreak beginning in the fall of 1789 was considered to be one of the most extensive epidemics ever to affect the country by that time. Although influenza had appeared in North America in previous outbreaks, there were some who believed that this visitation was one of an entirely novel disease. It generated much attention and many theories, in particular as to whether it was contagious. Its effect on society inspired a resolution passed by the New Haven County Medical Society on 1 July, for example, that called for an investigation by "any person, whether of the faculty or not," into several key questions regarding the nature of the disease. These included:
"1st. Whether any sensible change in the air, or seasons, gave rise to the late Catarrhal Epidemic?
2d. Whether the disease was contagious?
3d. Whether a humoral pathology, is necessary to account for the origin, or first phenomena of any disease?"
The epidemiology of the disease was described in several accounts written in the years following the outbreak. Some of these include:
This epidemic came at the beginning of what has been termed a "pandemic era" (starting in 1788), in which global influenza activity remained apparently elevated for nearly 20 years (i.e., until 1806). During this time, and extending until 1889, influenza activity in the Western Hemisphere seemed disconnected from that in Europe and the rest of the Eastern Hemisphere.
After the spring of 1790, influenza recurred several times in epidemic fashion in the United States over the next few years. It returned in the fall of 1790 "with great violence in many places", such as Essex County, Virginia, and continued to prevail in the winter and spring of 1791 in places such as Philadelphia and New York. It was again "prevalent in several parts of the continent" in the fall of 1792 and throughout the northeast in the fall of 1793.
The influenza was frequently noted for its universality, being perhaps more prevalent in the fall than in the spring. It struck communities suddenly, and great numbers were attacked all at once. "Few" were described as escaping it, though young children were apparently much less affected. In the eastern parts of Virginia, for example, "scarce one in a thousand escap[ed] it" in the fall; in Boston, 90 percent of the population were reportedly afflicted. It attacked both men and women and spared no particular race, though Native Americans may have been affected to a greater degree.
In the spring, it was similarly extremely prevalent. There is some evidence that those who were attacked in the fall were later spared in the spring, though apparent reinfections were not uncommon. Notably, Washington, Abigail Adams, and Noah Webster, for example, were evidently twice afflicted. Such repeat attacks sometimes occurred even within the same epidemic: Benjamin Rush describes the striking case of one woman who was stricken first in Philadelphia, again in New York, and yet again upon returning to Philadelphia.
During its initial prevalence in the fall, the influenza was frequently noted to be mild, albeit utterly pervasive, with fatalities generally only rarely reported. In Norfolk, Virginia, for example, when it came to the few fatalities that did occur, they were attributed more to "improper management" than the severity of the illness itself. In Philadelphia, it was deadly mostly only to older people, as well as those "previously debilitated by consumptive complaints" (i.e., lung diseases, or pulmonary tuberculosis in particular); alcoholics seemed also to be a risk group.
The disease was reported as being more fatal, however, along the "sea-shore" of the country (i.e., the East Coast), as well as in the southern states. Its "ravages" in Maryland, for example, were especially apparent in Caroline County, a particularly disease-ridden area at this time. In Charleston, one of the earliest places affected, "numbers" were described as having been infected and being, by mid-October, "dangerously ill".
The second epidemic was noted early on as being of a different nature from the first and was frequently described as "fatal" and "violent" in many places, specifically in contrast to the first epidemic. New York City, for example, was severely affected. According to William Maclay, "many" in New York died every day from the disease during its prevalence in May. Abigail Adams wrote at this time that the flu had "in many places been very mortal, particularly upon long Island." In Newburyport, Massachusetts, it was reported at the end of May that "[t]he number of deaths, from influenza and other disorders in this part of the country, exceeds that of any other period now remembered." Indeed, in Boston, although most deaths occurred among the elderly, all age groups saw notable increases in mortality during the epidemic. Philadelphia, on the other hand, was apparently not much more severely affected than it had been in the fall.
Symptoms of this influenza were similar to those of typical influenza. A cough was perhaps the notable symptom, affecting almost all afflicted with the disease. A fever was also common, in addition to chills and a universal lassitude. Pain in the head and the eyeballs were also reported.
The disease during the first epidemic was described as being more "catarrhal" (i.e., coldlike) in nature, while during the second epidemic it was more "inflammatory". Pleurisy and "peripneumony" (pneumonia) were more common complications; inflammation of the heart, pericardium, and diaphragm were also observed in some victims. Uterine hemorrhages and spontaneous abortions were reported in some cases affecting pregnant women, the latter being a complication often associated with pandemic influenza.
This epidemic occurred prior to the discovery of viruses, and so the exact cause of the disease could not have been known. Theories surrounding the cause, therefore, revolved more around whether the disease was contagious or whether atmospheric conditions were to blame. Some observers, such as Rush, considered the disease contagious; indeed, Rush and Irving considered contagion to be what distinguished the influenza from catarrh or a common cold. On the other hand, Webster attributed the prevalence of the disease to "insensible qualities of the atmosphere", based in part on his own experience with it, and considered the notion of its being spread mainly by infection as "very fallacious".
In Webster's account of epidemic and pestilential diseases, he devotes considerable space to descriptions of weather conditions and other meteorological phenomena before and after epidemic periods. For 1789, he notes "an eruption of Vesuvius, just after a great earthquake at Iceland and in Europe"; a "warm summer" preceded the epidemic and a "mild winter" came after, before the 1790 epidemic.
Richard H. Grove, of the Australian National University, Canberra, explored the potential role of the Great El Niño of the 1790s on global events, with reference to these aforementioned weather states in a 2006 study. He notes an association between this period and the incidence of influenza and concludes that "the very hot summers and mild winters which characterise El Niño conditions in much of North America appear to have encouraged the spread of epidemics in several different diseases, and not least in 1788–94." Indeed, El Niño events have been associated with the incidence of certain epidemic diseases, in particular those transmitted by mosquitoes. The relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and pandemic influenza has been explored as well, though studies have come to differing conclusions as to whether pandemics are associated with the El Niño or the La Niña phase of the cycle.
Various "remedies" were relied upon to treat the disease. A medical student in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, describes the use of venesection, emetics, cathartics, antimonials and niter, and antiphlogistic drinks as common forms of treatment. To treat the cough, liquorice and paregoric elixir was frequently used. During convalescence, Peruvian bark was apparently "a most excellent medicine." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Between the fall of 1789 and the spring of 1790, influenza occurred extensively throughout the United States and North America more broadly. First reported in the southern United States in September, it spread throughout the northern states in October and November, appeared about the same time in the West Indies, and reached as far north as Nova Scotia before the end of 1789. In the spring of 1790, a renewed epidemic developed, almost as universal as the first but more often fatal.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "By the late 18th century, influenza was a relatively common feature in North America. The disease was definitively recorded on the continent for the first time in 1647. The Western Hemisphere was then involved in several pandemics during the 1700s, including one in 1761 which, notably, might have begun in North America. Prior to 1789, the last major epidemic of influenza on the continent was in the spring of 1781.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In March 1788, influenza broke out in Saint Petersburg and in Kherson (at the time part of Russia), as well as in Warsaw, where even the King of Poland was afflicted. It then spread westward across Europe throughout the year, evidently appearing last in Geneva, in October.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Following this epidemic of 1788, influenza was generally not reported again until the latter half of 1789, though there is perhaps some evidence that the disease may have been present in some form during the intervening period. For example, Luigi Careno, an Italian doctor based in Vienna, details a \"very epidemic catarrh\" that prevailed in the city during the winter of 1789; William Eden, then Ambassador to Spain for George III, describes \"a new influenza of colds\" prevailing in March 1789 in Madrid, where his ambassadorship was at that time coming to an end; and, according to the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, influenza was epidemic in that city in April 1789. Beyond these accounts, however, the major histories of the disease on the whole make no mention of influenza during this time.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The connection between the epidemic of 1788 and that of 1789–1790, if any, is not entirely clear. Historically, the two were often considered separately, though some authors have considered them together as a single epidemic period, both in older and more modern sources.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "According to Noah Webster, some accounts place the earliest outbreaks of the disease in Canada, though there is very little, if any, evidence of this, beyond Webster's reporting. Influenza was present in Georgia in September, and at least one report suggests that it was also prevalent in South Carolina (Charleston) by the end of the month and soon after. It appeared in Virginia at the end of September.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The flu broke out sometime in September in New York City, then the capital of the young nation, where it quickly assumed epidemic proportions. John Fenno, publisher of the influential Gazette of the United States, contracted the disease in early October. On the 9th, he wrote of \"an almost universal Complaint here of a severe Cold\"; the next day, he came to the conclusion that the city was \"afflicted with the Influenza—I can call it by no other name.\" In a letter to his sister, dated 12 October, George Washington describes \"[a] sort of epidemical cold\" that had pervaded the city but which he had thus far been able to avoid. This \"Epidemick cold\", as Abigail Adams called it, soon invaded the household of Richmond Hill, on Manhattan Island, afflicting the whole Adams family (except for John Quincy and the vice president, who had departed for Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, on the 5th and the 12th, respectively). On 15 October, the president set out on his tour of the New England states.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Philadelphia was stricken at the beginning of October, or perhaps even as early as late September; the outbreak there, in any case, developed subsequently to the one in New York. William Currie, a notable physician in the city, speculated that the disease could have been brought, at least in part, by some Friends of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting that had come from New York for the body's annual meeting, which that year was held from 28 September to 3 October. On the other hand, Benjamin Rush, another eminent doctor of Philadelphia, suggested that members of the 1st Congress, arriving in the city from New York after the close of the first session on 29 September, might have played a part in introducing the disease. They were, perhaps not surprisingly, \"much indisposed with colds\", and though they attributed their general sickness \"to… fatigue and the night air\", the immense and rapid spread of the disease shortly thereafter made it clear that it must have been the one \"so well known of late years, by the name of the Influenza.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "To observers such as Rush, the disease was considered to have spread from these cities \"in all directions\". It was general in Fairfield County, Connecticut, at the beginning of October. On the 12th or 15th, it broke out in Hartford, where Webster lived at that time. On the 19th, he left the town for Boston and arrived there the next day. By the last week of October, the disease was prevalent in the interior of Pennsylvania, as well as in New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland; by the first week of November, it was prevalent in all the states of New England (Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire).",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "On 24 October, Washington arrived in Boston, escorted by Lieutenant Governor Samuel Adams and the Executive Council, amid much fanfare. A massive crowd had gathered in a procession to welcome him. According to Webster, who began to develop symptoms the day of his own arrival in the city, influenza was not yet present among the inhabitants at this time. Nonetheless, by the 26th, Washington had contracted it, and soon thereafter it broke out more noticeably throughout the city. This timing was not lost on the people, who quickly took to calling the prevailing ailment by such names as the \"Washington influenza\", the \"Washington cold\", and the \"President's cough\", suspecting they had caught it during the celebrations. By the start of November, the city of Boston was \"universally seized\" by the flu, such that, according to at least one report, nine-tenths of its inhabitants had already fallen ill.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Influenza began to appear in the West Indies around the same time as it did in the northern United States, in October and November. It broke out in Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica, around 20 October and in Nassau, on the island of New Providence, in the last week of October. The disease \"raged universally\" on the islands of Sint Eustatius, Saint Kitts, and Dominica at this time as well.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In early November, some trade vessels arrived at the ports of St. George's and Grenville Bay in Grenada from these afflicted islands. These ships, it was believed, introduced the flu into the island, as they were navigated by enslaved sailors who were \"very much afflicted with it\". These sailors, returning to the homes of their respective enslavers, were lodged alongside others of their station, who at that time were \"in a perfect state of health\". In less than a week, however, all were stricken; and, over the course of a fortnight, influenza became universally prevalent in St. George's. This same month, it was similarly universal in Saint Croix and in Kingston.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In these parts, similar to on the mainland, great numbers were afflicted, but the illness was mostly not very fatal. In Kingston, it struck \"all classes of people, and few escaped it\"; generally mild, it occasioned few or no fatalities. Similarly, in St. George's, it \"indiscriminately\" infected both whites and blacks, with \"very few\" escaping it; and, in Westmoreland Parish, it \"seized great numbers of all ages, colours, and sexes\", even among the young and healthy. Nonetheless, it did still have the potential to be severe during this initial epidemic. In the parish, the disease indeed \"visited successively, less or more, every estate and settlement,\" but it could vary from place to place: Some were affected very severely, while others experienced milder outbreaks, even a few hardly perceiving its presence at all.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "The epidemic continued to rage throughout the United States in November, by which time the whole country was in its grip. As The Vermont Gazette reported for 9 November, \"So universal a complaint of bad colds perhaps never prevailed in America before, as at present.\" Its publishers, in the same report, express their apologies for the abbreviated edition that day, as the flu had afflicted their own families, as it had so many already. In Boston, where the disease \"rag'd universally\", felling entire families, normal business faltered in the middle of the month on account of the outbreak; bread production, for example, declined to less than a quarter of its typical output.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "On 1 November, John Adams wrote to his wife Abigail from Braintree that \"[t]he Influenza is here as general as it was at N. York\", informing her that their youngest son, Thomas, had come down with it there but was improving. Abigail would later receive word from her sister, Mary Smith Cranch (with whom Thomas was staying at this time), that the whole household was \"much indisposed with colds but nobody quite sick\". On the 22nd, Abigail wrote to her eldest son, John Quincy, admonishing him for not writing at all after leaving New York the month before. As it turned out, John had contracted \"a severe cold\" upon his arrival in Braintree on 9 October, which confined him for 2 or 3 days; only later did he conclude that it had likely been the influenza. Writing to his mother on 5 December, he describes the sickness as \"almost universal in this State\", as it had been since his own infection. He recounts having been scolded for singularly maintaining relatively good health during this time, \"while all the world were more or less diseased.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "In December, the flu prevailed in Nova Scotia and, near the end of the month, appeared in Saint Lucia. It appeared among the Spanish settlements in South America that winter. In the United States, it persisted into December. The epidemic in Philadelphia lasted about six or seven weeks. On the whole, it took six to eight weeks for the disease to spread across the whole country.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "The epidemic reportedly afflicted Native Americans with some severity. According to the land surveyor Andrew Ellicott, influenza struck those in the Niagara region \"with peculiar force\"; they apparently considered the attendant cough of the illness to be \"so new and so irritating\" that they attributed it to \"witchcraft.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "In Grenada, a shift in the presentation of the disease began to be observed in the middle of December. While earlier in the fall it had been a more catarrhal (i.e., coldlike) affliction, it soon took on a more inflammatory character, marked \"by the violence, obscurity, and insidious nature of its symptoms\" when it first appeared on some estates. This change \"increased to a most alarming degree, and rendered the disorder… extremely dangerous and fatal.\" By mid-January 1790, the disease was ubiquitous on the island again.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "A similar shift was noted around this time in Virginia, where over the winter an inflammatory ailment began to appear, associated with symptoms so much more severe that there was some uncertainty whether it was influenza at all. The disease \"was much more fatal\" and often resistant to treatment. In the north, influenza evidently reappeared first along the Hudson River the last week of March, in Albany and in Vermont, where it laid entire families low for weeks. In early April it appeared along the Connecticut River, to the east, and from there in the northeast apparently spread in a southwest direction.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "By 5 April, the incidence of \"bad colds and inflammatory disorders\" was reportedly already greater than it had ever been in southern Vermont. Indeed, it was quite clear by mid-April that the influenza had returned to the United States. It was once again \"universal\" in Hartford; it was \"raging\" in Norwich, where it was noted to have assumed \"redoubled violence\"; and in Boston, it had reportedly already stricken one-third of its citizens. By the end of the month, it was prevalent in Providence.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "On 22 April, Sarah Livingston Jay received word of the outbreak in Hartford and, the next day, wrote to her husband John, at that time the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, urging him to be careful while in the town, where he was at that time as part of his duties as Circuit Justice for the Eastern Circuit. Although he would not receive this message until the following month, he would have needed no warning: On 26 April, the Chief Justice wrote in his diary that \"almost every Family here is down with the Influenza— some old people have died with it\". Indeed, by the end of the month, \"little business\" was getting done at all on account of the outbreak besides tending to the sick.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Influenza reappeared in New York City sometime in April as well. Alexander Hamilton, the Secretary of the Treasury, contracted the disease there at some point, such that, by 6 May, he had been confined by the illness for \"several Weeks\". Late in April, influenza again invaded the estate of Richmond Hill, which Abigail Adams described as \"a mere Hospital\", each member confined to a different chamber with some sort of affliction; the vice president, however, again evaded infection. James Madison, then a U.S. representative from Virginia, received a \"full measure\" of it during this time as well.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "The disease broke out in Philadelphia the last week of April, though it remained generally mild during its prevalence there over the next month, in contrast to other places. It was already declining in Boston by the first week of May but continued to spread and prevail in many parts throughout the month. It reappeared \"with additional violence\" in the Maryland and Virginia counties situated upon those states' \"fertile rivers\" and, similarly, was reported to be \"mortally dangerous\" in Delaware around this time.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "In New Hampshire, the disease crippled normal business operations in Portsmouth, where it had broken out the month before; it prevailed in Exeter (the state's capital at this time) and neighboring towns, with some mortality reported. A report out of Newburyport, Massachusetts, near the end of May described mortality from the flu, as well as other illnesses in that area, as having surpassed that of any other time in memory.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "Influenza prevailed with particular force in New York City throughout the month of May. On 8 May, Abigail Adams wrote to her sister Mary that she had recovered from what she had come to learn was the influenza, noting that \"almost every Body throughout the whole city are labouring under it.\" Sarah Livingston Jay made a similar observation around the same time in a letter to her husband, describing the disease as \"as prevalent here at present as it was last Autumn\" and informing him of illnesses in the family, including that of his brother and sister-in-law. That same day, 10 May, she was seized with the influenza herself. She wrote John again a few days later, updating him of her condition, as well as that of their 1-year-old son William, who had been \"likewise very ill\" by then but was recovering.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "The Chief Justice was in Portsmouth, on the last leg of his circuit duties, when he received his wife's letters on the 20th. He was swift to respond to the latter of the two, expressing his \"anxiety\" at the news of his loved ones' illnesses. He promised her that nothing would delay his return to her and stated his expectation of their reunion by mid-June, for he remained as yet well, despite the unfortunate timing of his circuit that spring: \"The whole Country has been sick, and indeed is much so yet.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "Indeed, in the town of Braintree, sickness was as prevalent as anywhere. In a message dated 16 May, Mary Smith Cranch wrote to her sister in New York describing the many illnesses in the family, including that of her daughter Elizabeth, whose \"whole Family been sick Baby & all with this new distemper\". She relates, \"In short I hardly know of a Person who has not been or is now sick\" — but it was not just the epidemic influenza: \"I believe there have been more People who have had the measles in this Parish than ever had them before & many of them attackd with the Influenzy at the same time.\" Several of their acquaintances had died of the flu already. It would take until the 25th for Mary to complete her letter, sickness by then still front of mind. Having returned from Hingham, she writes that \"Uncles Family every root & Branch of it were weak haveing just had the influenzy\" and, similarly, that the whole family of their sister Elizabeth had been ill but were by then improved. As for her daughter Elizabeth, about whom Abigail had been much worried, and Elizabeth's young son, Mary could share the news of at least their recoveries, in contrast to so many adults and infants alike in her vicinity, whether on account of the measles or the influenza.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "The epidemic continued in the nation's capital. The city was, according to Senator Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, \"a perfect Hospital—few are well & many very sick.\" Responding to her sister in a letter dated 30 May, Abigail Adams expressed her \"dread\" surrounding a disconcerting piece of news that had come to public light earlier that month: The president had fallen mortally ill.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "It is unclear when exactly Washington contracted the influenza. The first indication of illness from the president himself was recorded in his diary, in which he wrote for Sunday, 9 May 1790, \"Indisposed with a bad cold, and at home all day writing letters on private business.\" However, there is reason to believe that he contracted the disease as early as early April or even late March. Richard Bland Lee, a U.S. representative from Virginia, wrote to David Stuart, a doctor and close advisor to the president, on 6 April that \"the President has been unwell for a few days past.\" Over the next several days Washington's health was apparently in decline, as attested by George Clymer, a representative from Pennsylvania, who described the \"great deal of anxiety\" surrounding the president's health at this time.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "On 20 April, Washington set out on a tour of Long Island, apparently in an effort to regain his failing health. Several observers attest that this outing did improve his condition somewhat, but the relief was only temporary. On 7 May, William Maclay, a U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, wrote to Benjamin Rush that the president had \"nearly lost his hearing\" on account of his illness. Two days later, he was afflicted with that \"bad cold\" and was unable to leave his bed on the 10th, on which day he \"was taken with a peripneumony, of threatening appearance\", according to Thomas Jefferson.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "In these first days of Washington's more severe condition, an effort was made to conceal his illness from the public, \"as a general allarm may have proved injurious to the present State of the government\", as Abigail Adams explained to the Massachusetts physician Cotton Tufts. After a minor improvement on 12 May, the president's health declined quickly to a critical point on 15 May. By the next day, there were \"no hopes of his recovery.\" Around this time, despite the attempts at secrecy, Washington's indisposition had become relatively well known in New York City and Philadelphia, and the press was quick to pick up on the story. There was, reportedly, \"Universal Gloom throughout this Country\"; in South Carolina, citizens were \"greatly alarmed of late at the Account of the President's ill-health.\" Concern for the president emanated from across the country and even as far as Europe.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "During this time, Washington was attended mainly by the eminent New York City physician Samuel Bard, who had previously tended to the president in June 1789 during another period of severe illness, which ultimately required the removal of a tumor from his left leg. While afflicted with the influenza, Washington suffered from \"a very high fever\" and \"expectorate[d] blood\". On 16 May, as his physicians considered him to be on the verge of death, he \"was Seazd with Hicups & rattling in his Throat\". He was administered James's fever powder, and this evidently \"produced a happy Effect\". That evening, he began to sweat copiously, a change that was thought to relieve his cough and improve his breathing. By the next morning, Washington was much improved, and he was considered to be out of danger. By 20 May, his fever had reportedly broken, and he was back on his feet by the 22nd. News of the president's recovery inspired universal relief, including among \"friends to America\" in Paris, and the press reported on this positive development.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "While Washington was ill, his presidential duties were carried out by William Jackson, one of his personal secretaries. Although he had improved enough to move about his room freely by the 23rd, it seems he did not resume his official duties until the end of the month. On 3 June, Washington wrote to the Marquis de Lafayette that he was \"recovered, except in point of strength.\" He shared the advice of his physicians to exercise more and focus less on business, but he considered it \"essential to accomplish whatever I have undertaken (though reluctantly) to the best of my abilities.\" It was not until 24 June that he resumed making entries in his diary, around which time he added an entry for 10 May, the first day of his confinement, that described the beginning of his \"severe illness … which left me in a convalescent state for several weeks after the violence of it had passed\".",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "In a letter to David Stuart dated 15 June, Washington reflected on the state of his health. He noted, \"Within the last twelve months I have undergone more, and severer sickness than thirty preceding years afflicted me with, put it altogether\", and expressed his fear that a third bout of illness might \"put me to sleep with my fathers\". Although thankful for how much he had improved, he could \"still feel the remains of the violent affection of my lungs—The cough, the pain in my breast, and shortness in breathing not having entirely left me.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "The epidemic in Philadelphia declined about the first week of June, and it was apparently over in most parts of the country by the summer. Among the more notable victims of this epidemic was Theodorick Bland, a U.S. representative from Virginia, who succumbed to the disease on 1 June, becoming the first member of the House of Representatives to die while in office. He was succeeded by William Branch Giles, who was elected in a special election in July and took office on 7 December 1790.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "The outbreak beginning in the fall of 1789 was considered to be one of the most extensive epidemics ever to affect the country by that time. Although influenza had appeared in North America in previous outbreaks, there were some who believed that this visitation was one of an entirely novel disease. It generated much attention and many theories, in particular as to whether it was contagious. Its effect on society inspired a resolution passed by the New Haven County Medical Society on 1 July, for example, that called for an investigation by \"any person, whether of the faculty or not,\" into several key questions regarding the nature of the disease. These included:",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "\"1st. Whether any sensible change in the air, or seasons, gave rise to the late Catarrhal Epidemic?",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "2d. Whether the disease was contagious?",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "3d. Whether a humoral pathology, is necessary to account for the origin, or first phenomena of any disease?\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "The epidemiology of the disease was described in several accounts written in the years following the outbreak. Some of these include:",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "This epidemic came at the beginning of what has been termed a \"pandemic era\" (starting in 1788), in which global influenza activity remained apparently elevated for nearly 20 years (i.e., until 1806). During this time, and extending until 1889, influenza activity in the Western Hemisphere seemed disconnected from that in Europe and the rest of the Eastern Hemisphere.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "After the spring of 1790, influenza recurred several times in epidemic fashion in the United States over the next few years. It returned in the fall of 1790 \"with great violence in many places\", such as Essex County, Virginia, and continued to prevail in the winter and spring of 1791 in places such as Philadelphia and New York. It was again \"prevalent in several parts of the continent\" in the fall of 1792 and throughout the northeast in the fall of 1793.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "The influenza was frequently noted for its universality, being perhaps more prevalent in the fall than in the spring. It struck communities suddenly, and great numbers were attacked all at once. \"Few\" were described as escaping it, though young children were apparently much less affected. In the eastern parts of Virginia, for example, \"scarce one in a thousand escap[ed] it\" in the fall; in Boston, 90 percent of the population were reportedly afflicted. It attacked both men and women and spared no particular race, though Native Americans may have been affected to a greater degree.",
"title": "Epidemiology"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "In the spring, it was similarly extremely prevalent. There is some evidence that those who were attacked in the fall were later spared in the spring, though apparent reinfections were not uncommon. Notably, Washington, Abigail Adams, and Noah Webster, for example, were evidently twice afflicted. Such repeat attacks sometimes occurred even within the same epidemic: Benjamin Rush describes the striking case of one woman who was stricken first in Philadelphia, again in New York, and yet again upon returning to Philadelphia.",
"title": "Epidemiology"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "During its initial prevalence in the fall, the influenza was frequently noted to be mild, albeit utterly pervasive, with fatalities generally only rarely reported. In Norfolk, Virginia, for example, when it came to the few fatalities that did occur, they were attributed more to \"improper management\" than the severity of the illness itself. In Philadelphia, it was deadly mostly only to older people, as well as those \"previously debilitated by consumptive complaints\" (i.e., lung diseases, or pulmonary tuberculosis in particular); alcoholics seemed also to be a risk group.",
"title": "Epidemiology"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"text": "The disease was reported as being more fatal, however, along the \"sea-shore\" of the country (i.e., the East Coast), as well as in the southern states. Its \"ravages\" in Maryland, for example, were especially apparent in Caroline County, a particularly disease-ridden area at this time. In Charleston, one of the earliest places affected, \"numbers\" were described as having been infected and being, by mid-October, \"dangerously ill\".",
"title": "Epidemiology"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"text": "The second epidemic was noted early on as being of a different nature from the first and was frequently described as \"fatal\" and \"violent\" in many places, specifically in contrast to the first epidemic. New York City, for example, was severely affected. According to William Maclay, \"many\" in New York died every day from the disease during its prevalence in May. Abigail Adams wrote at this time that the flu had \"in many places been very mortal, particularly upon long Island.\" In Newburyport, Massachusetts, it was reported at the end of May that \"[t]he number of deaths, from influenza and other disorders in this part of the country, exceeds that of any other period now remembered.\" Indeed, in Boston, although most deaths occurred among the elderly, all age groups saw notable increases in mortality during the epidemic. Philadelphia, on the other hand, was apparently not much more severely affected than it had been in the fall.",
"title": "Epidemiology"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"text": "Symptoms of this influenza were similar to those of typical influenza. A cough was perhaps the notable symptom, affecting almost all afflicted with the disease. A fever was also common, in addition to chills and a universal lassitude. Pain in the head and the eyeballs were also reported.",
"title": "Disease"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"text": "The disease during the first epidemic was described as being more \"catarrhal\" (i.e., coldlike) in nature, while during the second epidemic it was more \"inflammatory\". Pleurisy and \"peripneumony\" (pneumonia) were more common complications; inflammation of the heart, pericardium, and diaphragm were also observed in some victims. Uterine hemorrhages and spontaneous abortions were reported in some cases affecting pregnant women, the latter being a complication often associated with pandemic influenza.",
"title": "Disease"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"text": "This epidemic occurred prior to the discovery of viruses, and so the exact cause of the disease could not have been known. Theories surrounding the cause, therefore, revolved more around whether the disease was contagious or whether atmospheric conditions were to blame. Some observers, such as Rush, considered the disease contagious; indeed, Rush and Irving considered contagion to be what distinguished the influenza from catarrh or a common cold. On the other hand, Webster attributed the prevalence of the disease to \"insensible qualities of the atmosphere\", based in part on his own experience with it, and considered the notion of its being spread mainly by infection as \"very fallacious\".",
"title": "Disease"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"text": "In Webster's account of epidemic and pestilential diseases, he devotes considerable space to descriptions of weather conditions and other meteorological phenomena before and after epidemic periods. For 1789, he notes \"an eruption of Vesuvius, just after a great earthquake at Iceland and in Europe\"; a \"warm summer\" preceded the epidemic and a \"mild winter\" came after, before the 1790 epidemic.",
"title": "Disease"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"text": "Richard H. Grove, of the Australian National University, Canberra, explored the potential role of the Great El Niño of the 1790s on global events, with reference to these aforementioned weather states in a 2006 study. He notes an association between this period and the incidence of influenza and concludes that \"the very hot summers and mild winters which characterise El Niño conditions in much of North America appear to have encouraged the spread of epidemics in several different diseases, and not least in 1788–94.\" Indeed, El Niño events have been associated with the incidence of certain epidemic diseases, in particular those transmitted by mosquitoes. The relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and pandemic influenza has been explored as well, though studies have come to differing conclusions as to whether pandemics are associated with the El Niño or the La Niña phase of the cycle.",
"title": "Disease"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"text": "Various \"remedies\" were relied upon to treat the disease. A medical student in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, describes the use of venesection, emetics, cathartics, antimonials and niter, and antiphlogistic drinks as common forms of treatment. To treat the cough, liquorice and paregoric elixir was frequently used. During convalescence, Peruvian bark was apparently \"a most excellent medicine.\"",
"title": "Disease"
}
] | Between the fall of 1789 and the spring of 1790, influenza occurred extensively throughout the United States and North America more broadly. First reported in the southern United States in September, it spread throughout the northern states in October and November, appeared about the same time in the West Indies, and reached as far north as Nova Scotia before the end of 1789. In the spring of 1790, a renewed epidemic developed, almost as universal as the first but more often fatal. | 2023-12-10T23:45:09Z | 2023-12-30T23:54:53Z | [
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75,533,801 | Marwnad yr Ehedydd | "Marwnad yr Ehedydd" ("The Lark's Elegy") is a traditional Welsh folk song. A single verse was published by the Welsh Folk Song Society in 1914. It was attributed to the singing of Edward Vaughan, Plas-rhiw-Saeson, collected by Soley Thomas.
There has been speculation that it is one of the oldest existing songs in Welsh, because the lark in the song may be a coded reference to Owain Glyndŵr and could have been written by one of his followers. The single stanza has been 'exploded' into longer songs at least four times. The first was by Enid Parry, adding three more verses about other birds. Her words were also published in two books of Welsh folksongs.
A second version was written by Albert Evans-Jones (bardic name Cynan), adding four verses again about other birds.
This second version was used, for example, by Bryn Terfel on CD, and by Arfon Gwilym for Trac Cymru (Folk Development for Wales).
A slightly modified melody, compared to the original field-recording, is used in some publications and recordings.
In 1979, Myrddin ap Dafydd created a third version of the words, based on the idea of it being about Glyndŵr, for the folk group Plethyn who released it on a cassette entitled 'Blas y Pridd', and subsequently in 1990 on a CD.
During the celebration of the 600th anniversary of Glyndŵr's uprising, Myrddin ap Dafydd wrote a fourth version adding five verses to the original, entitled 'Mawl yr Ehedydd' (The Lark's Eulogy). | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "\"Marwnad yr Ehedydd\" (\"The Lark's Elegy\") is a traditional Welsh folk song. A single verse was published by the Welsh Folk Song Society in 1914. It was attributed to the singing of Edward Vaughan, Plas-rhiw-Saeson, collected by Soley Thomas.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "There has been speculation that it is one of the oldest existing songs in Welsh, because the lark in the song may be a coded reference to Owain Glyndŵr and could have been written by one of his followers. The single stanza has been 'exploded' into longer songs at least four times. The first was by Enid Parry, adding three more verses about other birds. Her words were also published in two books of Welsh folksongs.",
"title": "Words with English translation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "A second version was written by Albert Evans-Jones (bardic name Cynan), adding four verses again about other birds.",
"title": "Words with English translation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "This second version was used, for example, by Bryn Terfel on CD, and by Arfon Gwilym for Trac Cymru (Folk Development for Wales).",
"title": "Words with English translation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "A slightly modified melody, compared to the original field-recording, is used in some publications and recordings.",
"title": "Words with English translation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 1979, Myrddin ap Dafydd created a third version of the words, based on the idea of it being about Glyndŵr, for the folk group Plethyn who released it on a cassette entitled 'Blas y Pridd', and subsequently in 1990 on a CD.",
"title": "Words with English translation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "During the celebration of the 600th anniversary of Glyndŵr's uprising, Myrddin ap Dafydd wrote a fourth version adding five verses to the original, entitled 'Mawl yr Ehedydd' (The Lark's Eulogy).",
"title": "Words with English translation"
}
] | "Marwnad yr Ehedydd" is a traditional Welsh folk song. A single verse was published by the Welsh Folk Song Society in 1914. It was attributed to the singing of Edward Vaughan, Plas-rhiw-Saeson, collected by Soley Thomas. | 2023-12-10T23:48:34Z | 2023-12-26T21:12:20Z | [
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"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Verse translation",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwnad_yr_Ehedydd |
75,533,813 | 2024 Sport Club Internacional season | The 2024 season will be Sport Club Internacional's 114th season in existence. As well as the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the club competed in the Copa do Brasil, the Campeonato Gaúcho and the Copa Sudamericana.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Source: Competitions
Internacional has qualified for the 2024 Sudamericana group stage, which will be drawn by CONMEBOL in March 2024.
Source:
The league fixtures were announced on TBD.
Player with no appearances not included on list. Matches played as a sub in parentheses.
* Denotes a player that did not end the season at the club
The list is sorted by shirt number when total clean sheets are equal. Numbers in parentheses represent games where both goalkeepers participated and both kept a clean sheet; the number in parentheses is awarded to the goalkeeper who was substituted on, whilst a full clean sheet is awarded to the goalkeeper who was on the field at the start of play.
Penalties stats do not include penalty shootouts. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 season will be Sport Club Internacional's 114th season in existence. As well as the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the club competed in the Copa do Brasil, the Campeonato Gaúcho and the Copa Sudamericana.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "First team"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Source: Competitions",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Internacional has qualified for the 2024 Sudamericana group stage, which will be drawn by CONMEBOL in March 2024.",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The league fixtures were announced on TBD.",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Player with no appearances not included on list. Matches played as a sub in parentheses.",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "* Denotes a player that did not end the season at the club",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The list is sorted by shirt number when total clean sheets are equal. Numbers in parentheses represent games where both goalkeepers participated and both kept a clean sheet; the number in parentheses is awarded to the goalkeeper who was substituted on, whilst a full clean sheet is awarded to the goalkeeper who was on the field at the start of play.",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Penalties stats do not include penalty shootouts.",
"title": "Statistics"
}
] | The 2024 season will be Sport Club Internacional's 114th season in existence. As well as the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the club competed in the Copa do Brasil, the Campeonato Gaúcho and the Copa Sudamericana. | 2023-12-10T23:50:45Z | 2023-12-12T16:16:37Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Sport_Club_Internacional_season |
75,533,835 | Antônio Lemos Barbosa | Antônio Lemos Barbosa (15 September 1910 – 5 September 1970) was a Brazilian priest, notably recognized for his contributions to Tupinology, that is, the study of Old Tupi.
Born in Três Corações, Minas Gerais, he pursued studies for seven years at the Gregorian University in Rome, where he earned doctoral degrees in Philosophy and Theology. He was ordained a priest by Marchetti Selvaggiani on 25 July 1934. Barbosa served as a professor of Ethnography and Indigenous Languages at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio). In 1956, he published the work Curso de tupi antigo: gramática, exercícios, textos (lit. 'Course of Old Tupi: Grammar, Exercises, Texts'), which received favorable reviews from contemporary critics. Basilio de Magalhães [pt], for instance, declared that the work constituted a didactic revolution. He died on 5 September 1970, after being hospitalized for two months. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Antônio Lemos Barbosa (15 September 1910 – 5 September 1970) was a Brazilian priest, notably recognized for his contributions to Tupinology, that is, the study of Old Tupi.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Três Corações, Minas Gerais, he pursued studies for seven years at the Gregorian University in Rome, where he earned doctoral degrees in Philosophy and Theology. He was ordained a priest by Marchetti Selvaggiani on 25 July 1934. Barbosa served as a professor of Ethnography and Indigenous Languages at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio). In 1956, he published the work Curso de tupi antigo: gramática, exercícios, textos (lit. 'Course of Old Tupi: Grammar, Exercises, Texts'), which received favorable reviews from contemporary critics. Basilio de Magalhães [pt], for instance, declared that the work constituted a didactic revolution. He died on 5 September 1970, after being hospitalized for two months.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Antônio Lemos Barbosa was a Brazilian priest, notably recognized for his contributions to Tupinology, that is, the study of Old Tupi. Born in Três Corações, Minas Gerais, he pursued studies for seven years at the Gregorian University in Rome, where he earned doctoral degrees in Philosophy and Theology. He was ordained a priest by Marchetti Selvaggiani on 25 July 1934. Barbosa served as a professor of Ethnography and Indigenous Languages at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio). In 1956, he published the work Curso de tupi antigo: gramática, exercícios, textos, which received favorable reviews from contemporary critics. Basilio de Magalhães, for instance, declared that the work constituted a didactic revolution. He died on 5 September 1970, after being hospitalized for two months. | 2023-12-10T23:56:21Z | 2023-12-31T11:43:41Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Lemos_Barbosa |
75,533,840 | Gustavo Villatoro | Héctor Gustavo Villatoro Funes is a Salvadoran politician who currently serves as the Minister of Justice and Public Security. He was appointed by President Nayib Bukele in 2021. During Villatoro's term, he has overseen the Salvadoran gang crackdown which has since led to the arrests of over 74,000 alleged gang members as of 7 December 2023.
Héctor Gustavo Villatoro Funes graduated from the José Matías Delgado University.
From 2004 to 2009, Villatoro served as the general director of the General Directorate of Customs under President Antonio Saca. He has also previously served as the chief prosecutor of the Organized Crime Unit. The El Faro digital newspaper has alleged that Villatoro was a political operator for Saca during his term as general director of customs from 2004 to 2009. Similarly, Revista Factum and the IBI Consultants think thank have alleged that Villatoro a political operator for Saca's brother Herbert from 2009 to 2014, paying out bribes to deputies of the Legislative Assembly in exchange for votes. Villatoro has denied these allegations.
In 2019, President Nayib Bukele appointed Villatoro as the general director of the General Directorate of Customs. In June 2020, Bukele appointed Villatoro as the head of the Financial System Superintendence (SSF). That year, Villatoro was a candidate to become the country's attorney general. He promised to reduce homicides and extortion, but Raúl Melara ultimately became the attorney general. In December 2020, Villatoro ordered the country's banks to not sever ties with alleged financial criminals which were "founded in a decision of presumed culpability", an order which, according to lawyers, violated the Law Against Money Laundering and Other Assets.
On 26 March 2021, Bukele appointed Villatoro as the country's Minister of Justice and Public Security, succeeding Rogelio Rivas. Villatoro's objective upon being appointed was "strengthening the investigative process for homicides and disappearances to reduce impunity rates". Bukele gave no reason why he replaced Rivas with Villatoro.
On 10 December 2023, Villatoro attended the inauguration of Javier Milei; Villatoro attended the inauguration in place of Bukele. He also met with Argentine Minister of Security Patricia Bullrich the day prior.
On 27 March 2022, the Legislative Assembly declared a 30-day state of emergency after a spike in homicides the preceding weekend resulting in a nationwide gang crackdown. In June 2022, after almost 42,000 people had been arrested during the gang crackdown, Villatoro stated that the government aimed to arrest up to 80,000 gang members. Villatoro himself has presented proposals to extend the crackdown on multiple occasions.
During his tenure as Minister of Justice and Public Security, Villatoro has been critical of journalists. In September 2021, Villatoro stated that the Salvadoran government was "following" ("dando seguimiento") various journalists. In May 2022, Villatoro claimed that the La Prensa Gráfica and El Diario de Hoy newspaper were "[protecting] the interests of criminal structures" ("proteger intereses de las estructuras criminales") instead of publishing genuine news reporting. Villatoro further claimed that both newspaper were "on the side of the terrorists [criminal gangs] and their allies in the [political] opposition" ("del lado de los terroristas y sus aliados de la oposición". Human rights lawyer José Miguel Vivanco criticized Villatoro's remarks, stating that they were a "direct threat from Bukele's security chief against two of El Salvador's major newspaper" ("amenaza directa del jefe de seguridad de Bukele contra los dos principales periódicos de El Salvador"). Human Rights Watch similarly condemned Villatoro's remarks. In August 2022, Villatoro referred to journalists and politicians who opposed the country's gang crackdown as "Pseudo-Salvadorans" ("Pseudo Salvadoreños"). In December 2022, Villatoro criticized international organizations by stating that "talking about torture is part of the same perversity that international organizations that have pretended that the country's gang problem is not resolved" ("hablar de torturas es parte de la misma perversidad de organismos internacionales que han pretendido que en el país no se resuelva el problema de las pandillas").
Villatoro is a Roman Catholic.
On 23 August 2022, Villatoro received a formal recognition from the country's Attorney for the Defense of Human Rights for his security policies. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Héctor Gustavo Villatoro Funes is a Salvadoran politician who currently serves as the Minister of Justice and Public Security. He was appointed by President Nayib Bukele in 2021. During Villatoro's term, he has overseen the Salvadoran gang crackdown which has since led to the arrests of over 74,000 alleged gang members as of 7 December 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Héctor Gustavo Villatoro Funes graduated from the José Matías Delgado University.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "From 2004 to 2009, Villatoro served as the general director of the General Directorate of Customs under President Antonio Saca. He has also previously served as the chief prosecutor of the Organized Crime Unit. The El Faro digital newspaper has alleged that Villatoro was a political operator for Saca during his term as general director of customs from 2004 to 2009. Similarly, Revista Factum and the IBI Consultants think thank have alleged that Villatoro a political operator for Saca's brother Herbert from 2009 to 2014, paying out bribes to deputies of the Legislative Assembly in exchange for votes. Villatoro has denied these allegations.",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2019, President Nayib Bukele appointed Villatoro as the general director of the General Directorate of Customs. In June 2020, Bukele appointed Villatoro as the head of the Financial System Superintendence (SSF). That year, Villatoro was a candidate to become the country's attorney general. He promised to reduce homicides and extortion, but Raúl Melara ultimately became the attorney general. In December 2020, Villatoro ordered the country's banks to not sever ties with alleged financial criminals which were \"founded in a decision of presumed culpability\", an order which, according to lawyers, violated the Law Against Money Laundering and Other Assets.",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On 26 March 2021, Bukele appointed Villatoro as the country's Minister of Justice and Public Security, succeeding Rogelio Rivas. Villatoro's objective upon being appointed was \"strengthening the investigative process for homicides and disappearances to reduce impunity rates\". Bukele gave no reason why he replaced Rivas with Villatoro.",
"title": "Minister of Justice and Public Security"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On 10 December 2023, Villatoro attended the inauguration of Javier Milei; Villatoro attended the inauguration in place of Bukele. He also met with Argentine Minister of Security Patricia Bullrich the day prior.",
"title": "Minister of Justice and Public Security"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On 27 March 2022, the Legislative Assembly declared a 30-day state of emergency after a spike in homicides the preceding weekend resulting in a nationwide gang crackdown. In June 2022, after almost 42,000 people had been arrested during the gang crackdown, Villatoro stated that the government aimed to arrest up to 80,000 gang members. Villatoro himself has presented proposals to extend the crackdown on multiple occasions.",
"title": "Minister of Justice and Public Security"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "During his tenure as Minister of Justice and Public Security, Villatoro has been critical of journalists. In September 2021, Villatoro stated that the Salvadoran government was \"following\" (\"dando seguimiento\") various journalists. In May 2022, Villatoro claimed that the La Prensa Gráfica and El Diario de Hoy newspaper were \"[protecting] the interests of criminal structures\" (\"proteger intereses de las estructuras criminales\") instead of publishing genuine news reporting. Villatoro further claimed that both newspaper were \"on the side of the terrorists [criminal gangs] and their allies in the [political] opposition\" (\"del lado de los terroristas y sus aliados de la oposición\". Human rights lawyer José Miguel Vivanco criticized Villatoro's remarks, stating that they were a \"direct threat from Bukele's security chief against two of El Salvador's major newspaper\" (\"amenaza directa del jefe de seguridad de Bukele contra los dos principales periódicos de El Salvador\"). Human Rights Watch similarly condemned Villatoro's remarks. In August 2022, Villatoro referred to journalists and politicians who opposed the country's gang crackdown as \"Pseudo-Salvadorans\" (\"Pseudo Salvadoreños\"). In December 2022, Villatoro criticized international organizations by stating that \"talking about torture is part of the same perversity that international organizations that have pretended that the country's gang problem is not resolved\" (\"hablar de torturas es parte de la misma perversidad de organismos internacionales que han pretendido que en el país no se resuelva el problema de las pandillas\").",
"title": "Minister of Justice and Public Security"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Villatoro is a Roman Catholic.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "On 23 August 2022, Villatoro received a formal recognition from the country's Attorney for the Defense of Human Rights for his security policies.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Héctor Gustavo Villatoro Funes is a Salvadoran politician who currently serves as the Minister of Justice and Public Security. He was appointed by President Nayib Bukele in 2021. During Villatoro's term, he has overseen the Salvadoran gang crackdown which has since led to the arrests of over 74,000 alleged gang members as of 7 December 2023. | 2023-12-10T23:56:53Z | 2023-12-14T20:08:32Z | [
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75,533,854 | Carrignacurra Castle | Carrignacurra Castle is a stone-built tower house constructed in County Cork, Ireland, as the chief seat of the O'Leary family. It was built to defend a ford across the River Lee about 1.5km east of Inchigeelagh village, on a historic route between Macroom and Dunmanway. The name, Carrignacurra, probably comes from Carraig na Choradh - Rock of the Weir.
The tower house is listed in the Irish National Monuments Service Record of Monuments and Places.
The structure is undergoing carbon dating to establish its exact date of construction, but it is likely constructed in the 15th or 16th century. There were originally three tower houses built around Inchigeelagh by the O'Leary clan, located at Carrignacurra, Carrignaneela and Dromcarra, but the latter two have been destroyed. It was captured by O'Sullivan Beare in 1602, but was forfeited in 1641 and restored to the Mac Carthy clan, with the O'Learys installed as tenants. The Williamite War (1689-91) resulted in a wave of destruction across Ireland, particularly in south-west Munster. As part of the Williamite Settlement, in 1703 the London-based Hollow Sword Blades company purchased some forfeited Irish estates in counties Mayo, Sligo, Galway, Roscommon, Cork and Kerry. These included the forfeited estates of the Earl of Clancarty (Mac Carthy) in Cork and Kerry, and Carrignacurra was included in this acquisition. According to Landed Estates (A database of landed estates and historic houses at the University of Galway), sources suggest that the Masters family purchased property from the Hollow Sword Blade Company in the 1720s. Masters Esq was listed as the occupier of Carronacurragh or Carrignacurra in the 1770s and 1780s. Pyne family records suggest that the building passed to the Pyne family when Mary Masters inherited it and married Arthur Pyne. Jasper Pyne (Nephew of Sir Richard Pyne, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland) is recorded as the occupier of the castle at the time of Griffith's Valuation in 1868. It is unclear at what point the structure was left without human inhabitation.
The building is a four-storey ‘Tower House’ form. The walls are about 15.2m (50ft) high, but the original battlements have been removed. In form, it is more rectangular than square in plan, with the long side of 11.5m (38 feet) and short side 7.6m (25 feet). The southeast corner has a pointed triangular stone projection built from the ground known as a redan, which has three gun-loops. This was used as a strategic defensive position overlooking the entrance area. Only three castles in County Cork (Carrignacurra, Castle Hyde and Mashanaglass) were built with this defensive element, and it may be a late 16th century or early 17th century addition. The north-western side has a projecting wall-mounted turret called a bartizan. The east wall has a projecting balcony called a machicoulis, (or murder hole) which has an opening in the floor, through which heavy stones and boiling liquids could be dropped on attackers.
A stone spiral staircase built within the north-eastern corner wall leads to the upper floors. The second floor has the largest chamber, with a fireplace on the north wall and a vaulted ceiling made by using a type of basket weave as a support. From the staircase above this level, there is access to an intermural passageway within the north wall which leads to the bartizan, where there are five gun-loops in the walls and two openings in the floor. The spiral staircase further provides access to the upper floors and battlement access.
The castle was listed for sale in 2016, and featured in Country Life Magazine. It is currently undergoing restoration by the current owners. Stonework has been repaired around the gun loops, windows, and door surrounds. The lower stone corners had previously been vandalised in an attempt to remove the stones, so these have also been sensitively repaired. Timber floors have also been reinstated and a new slated roof added.
Excavation of a 3m-wide strip around the base of the Tower House began in September 2020, with four trenches excavated along the four sides of the building as well as the internal ground floor. A small collection of animal bones was found in the north-west corner beneath the bartizan. Other finds included a bone bead and bone dice, musket and pistol balls, small lead ingots, clay pipes and an exchequer piece or 'jeton' made in Nuremberg by Hans Krauwinkel c.1640. Two silver coins, — one known as a groat featuring Henry III, dated to 1270, and the other featuring Edward IV, dating from the 1470s were found, fuelling speculation that a castle may have stood on this site much earlier than expected. | [
{
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"text": "Carrignacurra Castle is a stone-built tower house constructed in County Cork, Ireland, as the chief seat of the O'Leary family. It was built to defend a ford across the River Lee about 1.5km east of Inchigeelagh village, on a historic route between Macroom and Dunmanway. The name, Carrignacurra, probably comes from Carraig na Choradh - Rock of the Weir.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The tower house is listed in the Irish National Monuments Service Record of Monuments and Places.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "The structure is undergoing carbon dating to establish its exact date of construction, but it is likely constructed in the 15th or 16th century. There were originally three tower houses built around Inchigeelagh by the O'Leary clan, located at Carrignacurra, Carrignaneela and Dromcarra, but the latter two have been destroyed. It was captured by O'Sullivan Beare in 1602, but was forfeited in 1641 and restored to the Mac Carthy clan, with the O'Learys installed as tenants. The Williamite War (1689-91) resulted in a wave of destruction across Ireland, particularly in south-west Munster. As part of the Williamite Settlement, in 1703 the London-based Hollow Sword Blades company purchased some forfeited Irish estates in counties Mayo, Sligo, Galway, Roscommon, Cork and Kerry. These included the forfeited estates of the Earl of Clancarty (Mac Carthy) in Cork and Kerry, and Carrignacurra was included in this acquisition. According to Landed Estates (A database of landed estates and historic houses at the University of Galway), sources suggest that the Masters family purchased property from the Hollow Sword Blade Company in the 1720s. Masters Esq was listed as the occupier of Carronacurragh or Carrignacurra in the 1770s and 1780s. Pyne family records suggest that the building passed to the Pyne family when Mary Masters inherited it and married Arthur Pyne. Jasper Pyne (Nephew of Sir Richard Pyne, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland) is recorded as the occupier of the castle at the time of Griffith's Valuation in 1868. It is unclear at what point the structure was left without human inhabitation.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The building is a four-storey ‘Tower House’ form. The walls are about 15.2m (50ft) high, but the original battlements have been removed. In form, it is more rectangular than square in plan, with the long side of 11.5m (38 feet) and short side 7.6m (25 feet). The southeast corner has a pointed triangular stone projection built from the ground known as a redan, which has three gun-loops. This was used as a strategic defensive position overlooking the entrance area. Only three castles in County Cork (Carrignacurra, Castle Hyde and Mashanaglass) were built with this defensive element, and it may be a late 16th century or early 17th century addition. The north-western side has a projecting wall-mounted turret called a bartizan. The east wall has a projecting balcony called a machicoulis, (or murder hole) which has an opening in the floor, through which heavy stones and boiling liquids could be dropped on attackers.",
"title": "Architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "A stone spiral staircase built within the north-eastern corner wall leads to the upper floors. The second floor has the largest chamber, with a fireplace on the north wall and a vaulted ceiling made by using a type of basket weave as a support. From the staircase above this level, there is access to an intermural passageway within the north wall which leads to the bartizan, where there are five gun-loops in the walls and two openings in the floor. The spiral staircase further provides access to the upper floors and battlement access.",
"title": "Architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The castle was listed for sale in 2016, and featured in Country Life Magazine. It is currently undergoing restoration by the current owners. Stonework has been repaired around the gun loops, windows, and door surrounds. The lower stone corners had previously been vandalised in an attempt to remove the stones, so these have also been sensitively repaired. Timber floors have also been reinstated and a new slated roof added.",
"title": "Restoration"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Excavation of a 3m-wide strip around the base of the Tower House began in September 2020, with four trenches excavated along the four sides of the building as well as the internal ground floor. A small collection of animal bones was found in the north-west corner beneath the bartizan. Other finds included a bone bead and bone dice, musket and pistol balls, small lead ingots, clay pipes and an exchequer piece or 'jeton' made in Nuremberg by Hans Krauwinkel c.1640. Two silver coins, — one known as a groat featuring Henry III, dated to 1270, and the other featuring Edward IV, dating from the 1470s were found, fuelling speculation that a castle may have stood on this site much earlier than expected.",
"title": "Archaeology"
}
] | Carrignacurra Castle is a stone-built tower house constructed in County Cork, Ireland, as the chief seat of the O'Leary family. It was built to defend a ford across the River Lee about 1.5km east of Inchigeelagh village, on a historic route between Macroom and Dunmanway. The name, Carrignacurra, probably comes from Carraig na Choradh - Rock of the Weir. The tower house is listed in the Irish National Monuments Service Record of Monuments and Places. | 2023-12-10T23:58:21Z | 2023-12-14T18:11:43Z | [
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75,533,859 | Marzena Czarnecka | Marzena Czarnecka-Glinka is a Polish professor at the University of Economics in Katowice, where she heads the Department of Energy Transformation.
Former prime minister Donald Tusk has announced his intention to appoint her as a cabinet minister in a new Ministry of Industry.
Czarnecka earned a magister degree from the faculty of law and administration at the University of Silesia in Katowice, and a doctorate from the University of Economics in Katowice.
Czarnecka was awarded her habilitation from the University of Economics in Katowice on 26 September 2019. Her thesis was titled Obowiązki informacyjne a zachowania konsumentów na rynku energii elektrycznej ('Informational duties and consumer behaviour on the electricity market'). Her work won her a Wielki Orzeł ('Big eagle') award from the University of Warsaw's Centre for Antitrust and Regulatory Studies.
In 1999, Czarnecka founded a law firm with Tomasz Ogłódek. From 2012 to 2017, she was the director of the legal department at Tauron Polska.
Since 2007, Czarnecka has served as a judge of the District Disciplinary Court at Katowice's District Chamber of Legal Advisors. In 2020, she was appointed a professor at the University of Economics in Katowice, where she heads the Department of Energy Transformation.
On 8 December 2023, Civic Platform leader and former prime minister Donald Tusk announced that he intended to appoint Czarnecka as the head of a new Ministry of Industry, to be based in Katowice. She would be responsible for the creation of the ministry, which would focus on coal mining, before the commercial availability of nuclear power in Poland. | [
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},
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"text": "Former prime minister Donald Tusk has announced his intention to appoint her as a cabinet minister in a new Ministry of Industry.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "Czarnecka was awarded her habilitation from the University of Economics in Katowice on 26 September 2019. Her thesis was titled Obowiązki informacyjne a zachowania konsumentów na rynku energii elektrycznej ('Informational duties and consumer behaviour on the electricity market'). Her work won her a Wielki Orzeł ('Big eagle') award from the University of Warsaw's Centre for Antitrust and Regulatory Studies.",
"title": "Education"
},
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"text": "In 1999, Czarnecka founded a law firm with Tomasz Ogłódek. From 2012 to 2017, she was the director of the legal department at Tauron Polska.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Since 2007, Czarnecka has served as a judge of the District Disciplinary Court at Katowice's District Chamber of Legal Advisors. In 2020, she was appointed a professor at the University of Economics in Katowice, where she heads the Department of Energy Transformation.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On 8 December 2023, Civic Platform leader and former prime minister Donald Tusk announced that he intended to appoint Czarnecka as the head of a new Ministry of Industry, to be based in Katowice. She would be responsible for the creation of the ministry, which would focus on coal mining, before the commercial availability of nuclear power in Poland.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Marzena Czarnecka-Glinka is a Polish professor at the University of Economics in Katowice, where she heads the Department of Energy Transformation. Former prime minister Donald Tusk has announced his intention to appoint her as a cabinet minister in a new Ministry of Industry. | 2023-12-10T23:59:25Z | 2023-12-13T18:38:18Z | [
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75,533,861 | RE6 (disambiguation) | RE6 or RE 6 could refer to: | [
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] | RE6 or RE 6 could refer to: Resident Evil 6, a video game
the Rhein-Weser-Express, a rail service in Germany
the RE6, a rail service in the cantons of Aargau and Schwyz, Switzerland
the RE6, a rail service in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland | 2023-12-11T00:00:24Z | 2023-12-11T00:00:24Z | [
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75,533,874 | Music of Doom (2016) | The music for the 2016 first person shooter video game Doom, developed by id Software and published by Bethesda Softworks, was composed by composer and musician Mick Gordon, with contributions by musician Richard Devine.
The soundtrack of Doom was composed by Australian musician and composer Mick Gordon, with contributions by electronic musician and sound designer Richard Devine. Gordon began composing music for video games in 2003 but only came to widespread attention with his work on the 2013 fighting game Killer Instinct. He next scored the 2014 first person shooter Wolfenstein: The New Order, a reboot of id Software's Wolfenstein series developed by MachineGames and published by Bethesda Softworks. In mid-2014, Gordon met with id Software, which Bethesda had purchased in 2009, at their Dallas headquarters to discuss composing music for Doom.
The composition of Doom's soundtrack took place over 18 months. At their meeting in Dallas, id instructed Gordon not to use guitars or to write a metal score, despite the original Doom having an ambient, thrash metal soundtrack by Bobby Prince, as id felt that the genre had grown "corny". Gordon was encouraged to instead to make use of synthesizers, and took inspiration from Argent energy, an in-game energy source extracted from Hell. To create the sound Argent energy might make, Gordon designed several chains of effects units through which he passed sub-bass sine waves, layered with white noise to make them audible on widely available speaker equipment. According to Gordon, after "six to nine months [of] doing just synthesisers", he convinced id to allow the use of guitars and began experimenting with augmenting their sound. For the main riff of the main menu theme, Gordon combined a nine-string guitar with a sample of the chainsaw from the 1993 Doom.
Gordon devised different soundscapes for Mars and for Hell, saying in an interview with Revolver magazine, "As the [Mars] environments were created by humans ... the music needed to sound like humans created it, too. ... That lead to Hell being more atonal, dissonant and weird."
The soundtrack was released digitally on 27 September 2016. It contains 31 tracks from the game.
On 18 April 2018, Bethesda announced a partnership with Laced Records to produce a limited number of vinyl records of the Doom soundtrack in four sets.
The soundtrack won the Best Music / Sound Design award at The Game Awards 2016; Gordon, joined by Periphery drummer Matt Halpern and Quake II composer Sascha Dikiciyan, performed a short medley of the tracks "Rip and Tear", "BFG Division", and Quake II's "Descent Into Cerberon" live at the awards show. It was also nominated for the Audio Achievement and Best Music categories of the 13th British Academy Games Awards. | [
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"text": "The soundtrack of Doom was composed by Australian musician and composer Mick Gordon, with contributions by electronic musician and sound designer Richard Devine. Gordon began composing music for video games in 2003 but only came to widespread attention with his work on the 2013 fighting game Killer Instinct. He next scored the 2014 first person shooter Wolfenstein: The New Order, a reboot of id Software's Wolfenstein series developed by MachineGames and published by Bethesda Softworks. In mid-2014, Gordon met with id Software, which Bethesda had purchased in 2009, at their Dallas headquarters to discuss composing music for Doom.",
"title": "Background and composition"
},
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"text": "The composition of Doom's soundtrack took place over 18 months. At their meeting in Dallas, id instructed Gordon not to use guitars or to write a metal score, despite the original Doom having an ambient, thrash metal soundtrack by Bobby Prince, as id felt that the genre had grown \"corny\". Gordon was encouraged to instead to make use of synthesizers, and took inspiration from Argent energy, an in-game energy source extracted from Hell. To create the sound Argent energy might make, Gordon designed several chains of effects units through which he passed sub-bass sine waves, layered with white noise to make them audible on widely available speaker equipment. According to Gordon, after \"six to nine months [of] doing just synthesisers\", he convinced id to allow the use of guitars and began experimenting with augmenting their sound. For the main riff of the main menu theme, Gordon combined a nine-string guitar with a sample of the chainsaw from the 1993 Doom.",
"title": "Background and composition"
},
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"title": "Background and composition"
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"text": "On 18 April 2018, Bethesda announced a partnership with Laced Records to produce a limited number of vinyl records of the Doom soundtrack in four sets.",
"title": "Album"
},
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"text": "The soundtrack won the Best Music / Sound Design award at The Game Awards 2016; Gordon, joined by Periphery drummer Matt Halpern and Quake II composer Sascha Dikiciyan, performed a short medley of the tracks \"Rip and Tear\", \"BFG Division\", and Quake II's \"Descent Into Cerberon\" live at the awards show. It was also nominated for the Audio Achievement and Best Music categories of the 13th British Academy Games Awards.",
"title": "Reception and legacy"
}
] | The music for the 2016 first person shooter video game Doom, developed by id Software and published by Bethesda Softworks, was composed by composer and musician Mick Gordon, with contributions by musician Richard Devine. | 2023-12-11T00:01:35Z | 2023-12-23T11:05:41Z | [
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75,533,879 | A Philly Special Christmas Special | A Philly Special Christmas Special is the second studio album released by The Philly Specials, a vocal trio composed of Philadelphia Eagles offensive linemen Lane Johnson, Jason Kelce and Jordan Mailata. A sequel to A Philly Special Christmas, the album consist of covers of classic Christmas songs, and was released by Vera Y Records on December 1, 2023. It features appearances by Amos Lee, Patti LaBelle, Waxahatchee, Howie Roseman, Jordan Davis, and Travis Kelce. Proceeds from the album are donated to the Children's Crisis Treatment Center and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
The album was recorded at Elm Street Studios at Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, between May and July 2023. The album artwork was designed by Hannah Westerman, based on Charles M. Schulz's Peanuts comic strip.
The album was released on December 1, 2023, and was available through digital download and vinyl. A double album which combined A Philly Special Christmas Special with its prequel and named A Philly Special Christmas Special (The Deluxe Album 2022 & 2023) was also made available on vinyl only.
The album sold 28,000 copies in the US in its first week, with nearly 17,500 sold on vinyl. It debuted on the Billboard 200 chart at No. 25. The deluxe album sold nearly 20,000 copies and debuted at No. 55 on the Billboard 200. | [
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"text": "The album was released on December 1, 2023, and was available through digital download and vinyl. A double album which combined A Philly Special Christmas Special with its prequel and named A Philly Special Christmas Special (The Deluxe Album 2022 & 2023) was also made available on vinyl only.",
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"text": "The album sold 28,000 copies in the US in its first week, with nearly 17,500 sold on vinyl. It debuted on the Billboard 200 chart at No. 25. The deluxe album sold nearly 20,000 copies and debuted at No. 55 on the Billboard 200.",
"title": "Commercial performance"
}
] | A Philly Special Christmas Special is the second studio album released by The Philly Specials, a vocal trio composed of Philadelphia Eagles offensive linemen Lane Johnson, Jason Kelce and Jordan Mailata. A sequel to A Philly Special Christmas, the album consist of covers of classic Christmas songs, and was released by Vera Y Records on December 1, 2023. It features appearances by Amos Lee, Patti LaBelle, Waxahatchee, Howie Roseman, Jordan Davis, and Travis Kelce. Proceeds from the album are donated to the Children's Crisis Treatment Center and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. | 2023-12-11T00:02:02Z | 2023-12-28T12:19:56Z | [
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75,533,889 | Sofia Thøgersen | Sofia Thøgersen (born 6 July 2005) is a Danish middle distance and long distance runner. A multiple-time national champion, and the Danish national record holder over 1500 metres, in 2023 she became the youngest Danish athlete to compete at the World Athletics Championships.
Thøgersen joined Sparta Athletics and Running club in Østerbro when she was six years-old.
In 2921, Thøgersen became the senior Danish champion over 1500m, aged 16 years-old. Thøgersen won silver at the 2021 European Athletics U20 Championships in Tallinn, in a 3000m world-leading time by an under-18 year-old athlete in Europe, of 9:16.43. In November 2021, competing as one of the youngest athletes in the race, Thøgersen finished 15th at the 2021 European Cross Country Championships in Dublin.
She won gold at the 2022 European Athletics U18 Championships over 3000m in Jerusalem and also won bronze at the 2000m steeplechase at the same championship. That year, she won two national titles indoors, over 1500 meters and 3000 meters. She also retained her Danish senior champion outdoor title over 1500m in Alborg in June 2022. She secured victory in the women’s U20 race at the Nordic Cross Country Championships in Kristiansand in November 2022.
In 2023, she retained her senior 1500m title in June 2023. Selected for the 2023 World Athletics Championships – Women's 1500 metres, she became the youngest Danish competitor in championship history, and had to apply for time-off from her school in order to compete. Although she didn’t qualify for the semi final, she ran a new national record time of 4:05.34. Thøgersen also set a new national record time for the 3000m in 2023, running 8.53.39 at the Copenhagen Athletics Games in Østerbro, improving Anna Emilie Møller's 18-year record by 17 seconds.
She defended her U20 women’s title at the Nordic Cross Country Championships in Reykjavik in November 2023. Selected for the 2023 European Cross Country Championships in Brussels in December 2023, she won silver in the women's U20 race behind Innes FitzGerald. | [
{
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"text": "Sofia Thøgersen (born 6 July 2005) is a Danish middle distance and long distance runner. A multiple-time national champion, and the Danish national record holder over 1500 metres, in 2023 she became the youngest Danish athlete to compete at the World Athletics Championships.",
"title": ""
},
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"title": "Early life"
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"text": "In 2921, Thøgersen became the senior Danish champion over 1500m, aged 16 years-old. Thøgersen won silver at the 2021 European Athletics U20 Championships in Tallinn, in a 3000m world-leading time by an under-18 year-old athlete in Europe, of 9:16.43. In November 2021, competing as one of the youngest athletes in the race, Thøgersen finished 15th at the 2021 European Cross Country Championships in Dublin.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "She won gold at the 2022 European Athletics U18 Championships over 3000m in Jerusalem and also won bronze at the 2000m steeplechase at the same championship. That year, she won two national titles indoors, over 1500 meters and 3000 meters. She also retained her Danish senior champion outdoor title over 1500m in Alborg in June 2022. She secured victory in the women’s U20 race at the Nordic Cross Country Championships in Kristiansand in November 2022.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2023, she retained her senior 1500m title in June 2023. Selected for the 2023 World Athletics Championships – Women's 1500 metres, she became the youngest Danish competitor in championship history, and had to apply for time-off from her school in order to compete. Although she didn’t qualify for the semi final, she ran a new national record time of 4:05.34. Thøgersen also set a new national record time for the 3000m in 2023, running 8.53.39 at the Copenhagen Athletics Games in Østerbro, improving Anna Emilie Møller's 18-year record by 17 seconds.",
"title": "Career"
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"text": "She defended her U20 women’s title at the Nordic Cross Country Championships in Reykjavik in November 2023. Selected for the 2023 European Cross Country Championships in Brussels in December 2023, she won silver in the women's U20 race behind Innes FitzGerald.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
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"title": "References"
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] | Sofia Thøgersen is a Danish middle distance and long distance runner. A multiple-time national champion, and the Danish national record holder over 1500 metres, in 2023 she became the youngest Danish athlete to compete at the World Athletics Championships. | 2023-12-11T00:03:29Z | 2023-12-14T08:36:01Z | [
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75,533,917 | 1989 Torneo Godó – Singles | Kent Carlsson was the defending champion, but could not compete this year due to a persisting knee injury.
Andrés Gómez won the title by defeating Horst Skoff 6–4, 6–4, 6–2 in the final.
The first eight seeds received a bye into the second round. | [
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"text": "The first eight seeds received a bye into the second round.",
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] | Kent Carlsson was the defending champion, but could not compete this year due to a persisting knee injury. Andrés Gómez won the title by defeating Horst Skoff 6–4, 6–4, 6–2 in the final. | 2023-12-11T00:09:40Z | 2023-12-17T01:50:37Z | [
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75,533,933 | Papara (company) | Papara, is a Turkey-based electronic money and payment services company operating in the FinTech field. Financial Crimes Investigation Board is among the obliged institutions. The company received an authorized license from the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency in April 2016 and started its operations in August of the same year. Papara is a member of Mastercard, Visa, Troy and Interbank Card Center.
Papara has approximately 17 million users and a team of 500 people. Currently available features include shopping at home and abroad, sending and receiving money, receiving promotional payments as you spend Cashback, bill payment, insurance, game and digital code sales, donation, Istanbulkart balance top-up, National Lottery coupon code sale. etc. There are features.
On August 8, 2023, it signed a 5-year stadium naming sponsorship agreement with Trabzonspor.
On August 8, 2023, Papara as a result of the 5-year contract signed with Trabzonspor stadium, the new name was "Papara Park".
Papara announced in a blog post on July 4, 2023, that it acquired Spain-based neobank Rebellion.
Rebellion, the financial application of mobile application stores in Spain, offers financial products and services such as money transfer, prepaid cards and Cashback to technology-savvy Generation Y and Z users for a bank-independent financial experience. | [
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"text": "Papara announced in a blog post on July 4, 2023, that it acquired Spain-based neobank Rebellion.",
"title": "Rebellion"
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"text": "Rebellion, the financial application of mobile application stores in Spain, offers financial products and services such as money transfer, prepaid cards and Cashback to technology-savvy Generation Y and Z users for a bank-independent financial experience.",
"title": "Rebellion"
}
] | Papara, is a Turkey-based electronic money and payment services company operating in the FinTech field. Financial Crimes Investigation Board is among the obliged institutions. The company received an authorized license from the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency in April 2016 and started its operations in August of the same year. Papara is a member of Mastercard, Visa, Troy and Interbank Card Center. Papara has approximately 17 million users and a team of 500 people. Currently available features include shopping at home and abroad, sending and receiving money, receiving promotional payments as you spend Cashback, bill payment, insurance, game and digital code sales, donation, Istanbulkart balance top-up, National Lottery coupon code sale. etc. There are features. On August 8, 2023, it signed a 5-year stadium naming sponsorship agreement with Trabzonspor. On August 8, 2023, Papara as a result of the 5-year contract signed with Trabzonspor stadium, the new name was "Papara Park". | 2023-12-11T00:12:51Z | 2023-12-31T21:44:58Z | [
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75,533,945 | Greater Poland Park | The Greater Poland Park, also known as the Greater Poland Square, is an urban park in Warsaw, Poland. It is located in the district of Ochota, between Łęczycka Street, Wawelska Street, Górnickiego Street, Reja Street, Krzyckiego Street, Dantyszka Street, and Filtrowa Street.
The Greater Poland Park (Polish: Park Wielkopolski) also known as the Greater Poland Square (Polish: Zieleniec Wielkopolski) was named after its main pathway, the Greater Poland Avenue (Polish: Aleja Wielkopolski or Aleja Wielkopolska), which itself was named after Greater Poland (Polish: Wielkopolska), a historical and cultural region in western Poland.
Greater Poland Avenue (Polish: Aleja Wielkopolski, Aleja Wielkopolska), which now forms the main pathway of the Greater Poland Park, was designed by Zygmunt Hellwig, and built between 1932 and 1935. It was originally meant to be one of the main roads planned, but never constructed in Józef Piłsudski District, and was intended to be longer than its current form, with the length of 60 m (197 ft). It was planned to end at Wołoska Street. In the end, only the portion between Wawelska Street, and Filtrowa Street was built.
The Greater Poland Park was built in 1938, and consisted of two parts. First portion in the shape of a square was between Łęczycka Street, Wawelska Street, Górnickiego Street, and Filtrowa Street, and the other portion, in a shape of trapezoid, was placed between Dantyszka, Reja, Krzyckiego, and Górnickiego Street. The park was designed by Leon Danielewicz, and Zygmunt Hellwig in the modernist style. The Greater Poland Avenue became its main pathway.
Originally in the park were planted Simon's poplar trees, which were replaced in the 1970s with northern red oaks.
In 1983, the park received the status of a cultural property.
In 2006, the portion of the park between Reja Street, Krzyckiego Street, Dantyszka Street, and Górnickiego Street, was named Sue Ryder Square, after Sue Ryder, a volunteer in the Special Operations Executive during the Second World War.
The Greater Poland Park consists of two portion. First portions in the shape of a square is placed between Łęczycka, Wawelska, Górnickiego, and Filtrowa Streets, and the other portion, in a shape of trapezoid, is placed between Dantyszka, Reja, Krzyckiego, and Górnickiego Streets. The Greater Poland Avenue, located between Wawelska and Filtrowa Streets, forms its main pathway. The park has the total area of 4,73 ha.
The portion of the park between Dantyszka, Reja, Krzyckiego, and Górnickiego Streets, is named Sue Ryder Square (Polish: Skwer Sue Ryder). | [
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"text": "Greater Poland Avenue (Polish: Aleja Wielkopolski, Aleja Wielkopolska), which now forms the main pathway of the Greater Poland Park, was designed by Zygmunt Hellwig, and built between 1932 and 1935. It was originally meant to be one of the main roads planned, but never constructed in Józef Piłsudski District, and was intended to be longer than its current form, with the length of 60 m (197 ft). It was planned to end at Wołoska Street. In the end, only the portion between Wawelska Street, and Filtrowa Street was built.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Greater Poland Park was built in 1938, and consisted of two parts. First portion in the shape of a square was between Łęczycka Street, Wawelska Street, Górnickiego Street, and Filtrowa Street, and the other portion, in a shape of trapezoid, was placed between Dantyszka, Reja, Krzyckiego, and Górnickiego Street. The park was designed by Leon Danielewicz, and Zygmunt Hellwig in the modernist style. The Greater Poland Avenue became its main pathway.",
"title": "History"
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"text": "Originally in the park were planted Simon's poplar trees, which were replaced in the 1970s with northern red oaks.",
"title": "History"
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"title": "History"
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"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The Greater Poland Park consists of two portion. First portions in the shape of a square is placed between Łęczycka, Wawelska, Górnickiego, and Filtrowa Streets, and the other portion, in a shape of trapezoid, is placed between Dantyszka, Reja, Krzyckiego, and Górnickiego Streets. The Greater Poland Avenue, located between Wawelska and Filtrowa Streets, forms its main pathway. The park has the total area of 4,73 ha.",
"title": "Characteristics"
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"title": "Characteristics"
}
] | The Greater Poland Park, also known as the Greater Poland Square, is an urban park in Warsaw, Poland. It is located in the district of Ochota, between Łęczycka Street, Wawelska Street, Górnickiego Street, Reja Street, Krzyckiego Street, Dantyszka Street, and Filtrowa Street. | 2023-12-11T00:15:59Z | 2023-12-19T10:38:25Z | [
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75,533,947 | Jacqueline Stieger | Jacqueline A. N. Stieger (born 1936) is a British artist and sculptor who primarily works in cast metal, creating jewellery and medals as well as larger sculptures. She has executed architectural commissions for churches and chapels in the UK, France and Switzerland (some jointly with her husband, Alfred Gruber, who died in 1972). She is also known for her medals, both innovative art medals and conventional commemorative examples.
Stieger was born in 1936 in Wimbledon, London, where her Swiss parents, Trudy and Helmuth John ("Mudi") Stieger, were attending university. Her father was an aeronautical engineer who invented the monospar wing. She had a sister, Marion. The family soon moved to the East Riding of Yorkshire, where her father headed R&D at Blackburn Aircraft in Brough. He later became vice-chair of Northern Dairies.
She was educated at the Bedales boarding school, near Petersfield, Hampshire, and later the Quaker school, The Mount School, York. She studied art at Edinburgh College of Art (1954–59), where her tutors included William Gillies, John Maxwell, William MacTaggart and James Cumming. Despite the conventional trend to the teaching at Edinburgh, she became interested in abstract art, including its application to textiles. Her first sculpture was Descent of the Cross (c. 1959), a Biblically inspired work in carved pine.
She remained in Edinburgh until 1962, when she visited Switzerland and met Alfred Gruber, an Austrian-born sculptor with a workshop in Laufen, near Basel. Gruber had started to cast and work metal, and taught Steiger some of the basic techniques. The two began a fruitful collaboration, with Stieger splitting her time between Switzerland and her studio in Beverley, Yorkshire. At her first solo exhibition in Hull the following year, the art critic Herbert Read describes her paintings as displaying "great technical accomplishment" and characterises her larger paintings as attempts at a "symbolic interpretation of natural effects"; her sculpture drew particular praise: "She creates forms of great complexity, which... I think are dynamic forms... creating a pattern of unity and significance." In 1965, she held a solo exhibition at Basel's Galerie Riehentor.
In 1966, she and Gruber married; he had three children from an earlier marriage. The family were at first based in Switzerland, where much of their output was for church interiors, including Rudolfstetten and Sarnen, with Stieger's main contributions being windows. In 1969 they established a joint workshop and foundry in the Yorkshire village of Welton. In addition to sculptures, in Welton the couple began to create jewellery together, which they termed "microsculpture"; the graphic artist William MacKay describes it as "surely the world's most distinctive and differentiated jewellery". Pieces were purchased for Goldsmiths' Hall in London.
Gruber died of lung cancer early in 1972. Stieger kept working at Welton, participating in a joint exhibition in Leeds shortly after her husband's death, and fulfilling a major commission for Gillespie, Kidd & Coia that he had won to furnish the interior of St Margaret's Roman Catholic Church in Clydebank, Glasgow. She continued to make jewellery, which became a major output during the 1970s, and branched into creating art medals in 1973. She taught art part-time at the University of Hull's School of Architecture (1976–88). During the 1980s, she received several commissions for large-scale works, and had two solo exhibitions at the Copernican Connection Gallery in Beverley (1985, 1988), showing many large bronzes as well as jewellery and medals.
More recently, Stieger participated in an exhibition of jewellery at Goole Museum in 2021, as part of which she mentored two younger local jewellers in her techniques.
Stieger's works include sculptures, both architectural commissions and standalone pieces, as well as jewellery and medals, with examples in the permanent collections of the British Museum, Goldsmiths' Hall, Leeds Art Gallery, Ferens Art Gallery in Hull and the Beverley Art Gallery. Four of her works in oils as a student, three nudes and a self-portrait dating from 1958–59, are in the collection of the Edinburgh College of Art. In later works, she uses the lost-wax technique to make large and small metalworks, often using bronze, silver or gold. Her large-scale works for churches include:
She has also created public artworks in England, including a bronze fountain for a Dr Barnardos centre in Ilford (1975), a bronze work outside the Old Fire Station in Beverley (1986), The Orb by the North Orbital Road in Hull (1987), The Jesters, a bronze sculpture with water at Eastgate, Beverley (1989), and a fountain at Hunmanby in North Yorkshire. In an interview, she describes The Orb as "a huge, eye-level punctuation mark which takes your eye away from its surroundings", adding that the intention is that viewers can both see into the globe and look through it.
In an interview in 1994, Stieger said: "Medals encompass an enormous area... they can be abstract or they can say something. It's a very exacting brief ... it's about a piece to touch and turn over but at the same time it doesn't have to have a message." Her earliest medals, News and Fishes, were designed and made for the Royal Mint's "Medals Today" exhibition at Goldsmiths' Hall in 1973; both address the theme of threats to the environment, with Fishes drawing from the miracle of the loaves and fishes. Her Grow Food medal (1974), which won the Fondation pour le Développement de l'Art Médaille en France's Prix renouveau de la médaille, has an irregular outline containing shapes based on pea pods; The Telegraph's art critic Terence Mullaly describes it as a "virile abstract design suggestive of organic growth". Some of her later medals continue to address the theme of food shortage, including Food Furrows (1982), the Hunger Medal (1994) and Water Medal (2009). Stieger has also created medals on the themes of urban development, road building and traffic, including Places for People (c. 1975), influenced by the aerial and prospect architectural views in Bernard Rudofsky's book Architecture Without Architects, as well as Traffic Protest (1974) and Destruction of the Town (1992), inspired by Philip Larkin's poem, "Going, going".
Some of her medals take unusual forms. Mullaly writes in 1982 that, with British medallists Malcolm Appleby and Ronald Searle, she has "enlarged the scope of the medal." Her McKechnie Lecture Medal (1983) has a book-like form with a hinge; Mullaly considers the medal to give a "new perspective ... to the art of the medal", describing one of its faces as "intriguing and splendidly tactile." Her successful T. E. Lawrence Centenary Medal (1988) is another example of the book presentation. Her work Dr Donald MacKay, honouring the tropical health specialist, places a conventional medal inside a larger piece with a globe that splits open. In 2009, she made the medal Global Warming for Goldsmiths' Hall, which is in silver with an interior visible through a hole.
Hinges are a feature of some of Stieger's sculptures including Spider House in bronze, lead and stone (late 1960s), which allows the viewer to interact with the sculpture. In the 1970s she created book-like bronzes with moveable leaves. Several of her sculptures depict underlying aspects of natural objects, including the bronze Homage to Hoskins (1975) – inspired by W. G. Hoskins' book, The Making of the English Landscape – which Malcolm Cook describes as "turning back layers of earth to reveal the past". Hoskins Sketch: an Aerial View (2016), with several sections of silver set with semi-precious stones and connected by hinges, continues her exploration of this idea.
She also creates conventional commemorative medals; for example, Mullaly writes that the "art of the commemorative medal is... very much alive" in her Democracy (1992), which marked two and a half millennia of the system. Her commemorative medal for the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1981) has a "wonderfully tactile" abstract reverse face with "bubbles" that "float over the edge"; Mullaly later places it "among the finest medals of recent years". She created the William Kent Tercentenary Medal (1985) and the BBC Africa Sports Star of the Year Medal (1992), and also in the 1980s had commemorative medal commissions from the Arms and Armour Society, and the Humberside College of Education's School of Architecture. Her design for a medal to commemorate the Millennium Dome won a UK-wide competition in 1999.
She designed the 1974 trophy for the Benson and Hedges Gold Cup, a horse race held at York Racecourse, creating a pair of goblets in gold with inset gemstones rather than the traditional cup; Steiger says that the designs were intended to evoke "the king and queen of a chess set". In 1976–77, she designed and made the chain of office for the chair of Humberside County Council, setting beach flint pebbles in gold.
Stieger received an award from the Royal Scottish Academy in 1959. She won the Prix renouveau de la médaille of the Fondation pour le Développement de l'Art Médaille en France with her 1974 medal, Grow Food. She is a freeman of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths (1985) and a fellow of the Royal Society of the Arts (1986). | [
{
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"text": "Jacqueline A. N. Stieger (born 1936) is a British artist and sculptor who primarily works in cast metal, creating jewellery and medals as well as larger sculptures. She has executed architectural commissions for churches and chapels in the UK, France and Switzerland (some jointly with her husband, Alfred Gruber, who died in 1972). She is also known for her medals, both innovative art medals and conventional commemorative examples.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Stieger was born in 1936 in Wimbledon, London, where her Swiss parents, Trudy and Helmuth John (\"Mudi\") Stieger, were attending university. Her father was an aeronautical engineer who invented the monospar wing. She had a sister, Marion. The family soon moved to the East Riding of Yorkshire, where her father headed R&D at Blackburn Aircraft in Brough. He later became vice-chair of Northern Dairies.",
"title": "Biography"
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{
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"text": "She was educated at the Bedales boarding school, near Petersfield, Hampshire, and later the Quaker school, The Mount School, York. She studied art at Edinburgh College of Art (1954–59), where her tutors included William Gillies, John Maxwell, William MacTaggart and James Cumming. Despite the conventional trend to the teaching at Edinburgh, she became interested in abstract art, including its application to textiles. Her first sculpture was Descent of the Cross (c. 1959), a Biblically inspired work in carved pine.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "She remained in Edinburgh until 1962, when she visited Switzerland and met Alfred Gruber, an Austrian-born sculptor with a workshop in Laufen, near Basel. Gruber had started to cast and work metal, and taught Steiger some of the basic techniques. The two began a fruitful collaboration, with Stieger splitting her time between Switzerland and her studio in Beverley, Yorkshire. At her first solo exhibition in Hull the following year, the art critic Herbert Read describes her paintings as displaying \"great technical accomplishment\" and characterises her larger paintings as attempts at a \"symbolic interpretation of natural effects\"; her sculpture drew particular praise: \"She creates forms of great complexity, which... I think are dynamic forms... creating a pattern of unity and significance.\" In 1965, she held a solo exhibition at Basel's Galerie Riehentor.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1966, she and Gruber married; he had three children from an earlier marriage. The family were at first based in Switzerland, where much of their output was for church interiors, including Rudolfstetten and Sarnen, with Stieger's main contributions being windows. In 1969 they established a joint workshop and foundry in the Yorkshire village of Welton. In addition to sculptures, in Welton the couple began to create jewellery together, which they termed \"microsculpture\"; the graphic artist William MacKay describes it as \"surely the world's most distinctive and differentiated jewellery\". Pieces were purchased for Goldsmiths' Hall in London.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Gruber died of lung cancer early in 1972. Stieger kept working at Welton, participating in a joint exhibition in Leeds shortly after her husband's death, and fulfilling a major commission for Gillespie, Kidd & Coia that he had won to furnish the interior of St Margaret's Roman Catholic Church in Clydebank, Glasgow. She continued to make jewellery, which became a major output during the 1970s, and branched into creating art medals in 1973. She taught art part-time at the University of Hull's School of Architecture (1976–88). During the 1980s, she received several commissions for large-scale works, and had two solo exhibitions at the Copernican Connection Gallery in Beverley (1985, 1988), showing many large bronzes as well as jewellery and medals.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "More recently, Stieger participated in an exhibition of jewellery at Goole Museum in 2021, as part of which she mentored two younger local jewellers in her techniques.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Stieger's works include sculptures, both architectural commissions and standalone pieces, as well as jewellery and medals, with examples in the permanent collections of the British Museum, Goldsmiths' Hall, Leeds Art Gallery, Ferens Art Gallery in Hull and the Beverley Art Gallery. Four of her works in oils as a student, three nudes and a self-portrait dating from 1958–59, are in the collection of the Edinburgh College of Art. In later works, she uses the lost-wax technique to make large and small metalworks, often using bronze, silver or gold. Her large-scale works for churches include:",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "She has also created public artworks in England, including a bronze fountain for a Dr Barnardos centre in Ilford (1975), a bronze work outside the Old Fire Station in Beverley (1986), The Orb by the North Orbital Road in Hull (1987), The Jesters, a bronze sculpture with water at Eastgate, Beverley (1989), and a fountain at Hunmanby in North Yorkshire. In an interview, she describes The Orb as \"a huge, eye-level punctuation mark which takes your eye away from its surroundings\", adding that the intention is that viewers can both see into the globe and look through it.",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In an interview in 1994, Stieger said: \"Medals encompass an enormous area... they can be abstract or they can say something. It's a very exacting brief ... it's about a piece to touch and turn over but at the same time it doesn't have to have a message.\" Her earliest medals, News and Fishes, were designed and made for the Royal Mint's \"Medals Today\" exhibition at Goldsmiths' Hall in 1973; both address the theme of threats to the environment, with Fishes drawing from the miracle of the loaves and fishes. Her Grow Food medal (1974), which won the Fondation pour le Développement de l'Art Médaille en France's Prix renouveau de la médaille, has an irregular outline containing shapes based on pea pods; The Telegraph's art critic Terence Mullaly describes it as a \"virile abstract design suggestive of organic growth\". Some of her later medals continue to address the theme of food shortage, including Food Furrows (1982), the Hunger Medal (1994) and Water Medal (2009). Stieger has also created medals on the themes of urban development, road building and traffic, including Places for People (c. 1975), influenced by the aerial and prospect architectural views in Bernard Rudofsky's book Architecture Without Architects, as well as Traffic Protest (1974) and Destruction of the Town (1992), inspired by Philip Larkin's poem, \"Going, going\".",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Some of her medals take unusual forms. Mullaly writes in 1982 that, with British medallists Malcolm Appleby and Ronald Searle, she has \"enlarged the scope of the medal.\" Her McKechnie Lecture Medal (1983) has a book-like form with a hinge; Mullaly considers the medal to give a \"new perspective ... to the art of the medal\", describing one of its faces as \"intriguing and splendidly tactile.\" Her successful T. E. Lawrence Centenary Medal (1988) is another example of the book presentation. Her work Dr Donald MacKay, honouring the tropical health specialist, places a conventional medal inside a larger piece with a globe that splits open. In 2009, she made the medal Global Warming for Goldsmiths' Hall, which is in silver with an interior visible through a hole.",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Hinges are a feature of some of Stieger's sculptures including Spider House in bronze, lead and stone (late 1960s), which allows the viewer to interact with the sculpture. In the 1970s she created book-like bronzes with moveable leaves. Several of her sculptures depict underlying aspects of natural objects, including the bronze Homage to Hoskins (1975) – inspired by W. G. Hoskins' book, The Making of the English Landscape – which Malcolm Cook describes as \"turning back layers of earth to reveal the past\". Hoskins Sketch: an Aerial View (2016), with several sections of silver set with semi-precious stones and connected by hinges, continues her exploration of this idea.",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "She also creates conventional commemorative medals; for example, Mullaly writes that the \"art of the commemorative medal is... very much alive\" in her Democracy (1992), which marked two and a half millennia of the system. Her commemorative medal for the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1981) has a \"wonderfully tactile\" abstract reverse face with \"bubbles\" that \"float over the edge\"; Mullaly later places it \"among the finest medals of recent years\". She created the William Kent Tercentenary Medal (1985) and the BBC Africa Sports Star of the Year Medal (1992), and also in the 1980s had commemorative medal commissions from the Arms and Armour Society, and the Humberside College of Education's School of Architecture. Her design for a medal to commemorate the Millennium Dome won a UK-wide competition in 1999.",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "She designed the 1974 trophy for the Benson and Hedges Gold Cup, a horse race held at York Racecourse, creating a pair of goblets in gold with inset gemstones rather than the traditional cup; Steiger says that the designs were intended to evoke \"the king and queen of a chess set\". In 1976–77, she designed and made the chain of office for the chair of Humberside County Council, setting beach flint pebbles in gold.",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Stieger received an award from the Royal Scottish Academy in 1959. She won the Prix renouveau de la médaille of the Fondation pour le Développement de l'Art Médaille en France with her 1974 medal, Grow Food. She is a freeman of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths (1985) and a fellow of the Royal Society of the Arts (1986).",
"title": "Awards and honours"
}
] | Jacqueline A. N. Stieger is a British artist and sculptor who primarily works in cast metal, creating jewellery and medals as well as larger sculptures. She has executed architectural commissions for churches and chapels in the UK, France and Switzerland. She is also known for her medals, both innovative art medals and conventional commemorative examples. | 2023-12-11T00:16:19Z | 2023-12-17T09:48:42Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:'s"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Stieger |
75,533,959 | Huntia murrindal | Huntia murrindal is a species of spider in the family Zoropsidae. It was first described in 2001 by Michael R. Gray & Judith A. Thompson. The genus name honours arachnologist, Glenn Stuart Hunt (1944-1999), and the species epithet, murrindal, references the type locality. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Huntia murrindal is a species of spider in the family Zoropsidae. It was first described in 2001 by Michael R. Gray & Judith A. Thompson. The genus name honours arachnologist, Glenn Stuart Hunt (1944-1999), and the species epithet, murrindal, references the type locality.",
"title": ""
}
] | Huntia murrindal is a species of spider in the family Zoropsidae. It was first described in 2001 by Michael R. Gray & Judith A. Thompson.
The genus name honours arachnologist, Glenn Stuart Hunt (1944-1999), and the species epithet, murrindal, references the type locality. | 2023-12-11T00:20:13Z | 2023-12-11T21:05:12Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
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"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite Q",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntia_murrindal |
75,533,971 | 2018 Clube Náutico Capibaribe season | The 2018 season was Náutico's 118th season in the club's history. Náutico competed in the Campeonato Pernambucano, Copa do Nordeste, Copa do Brasil and Série C.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Source: Náutico official website | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2018 season was Náutico's 118th season in the club's history. Náutico competed in the Campeonato Pernambucano, Copa do Nordeste, Copa do Brasil and Série C.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "Squad"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Source: Náutico official website",
"title": "Statistics"
}
] | The 2018 season was Náutico's 118th season in the club's history. Náutico competed in the Campeonato Pernambucano, Copa do Nordeste, Copa do Brasil and Série C. | 2023-12-11T00:23:09Z | 2023-12-11T00:23:55Z | [
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"Template:Reflist",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Clube_N%C3%A1utico_Capibaribe_season |
75,533,983 | Mrđanovci | [] | 2023-12-11T00:25:44Z | 2023-12-11T00:31:16Z | [
"Template:Redirect category shell"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr%C4%91anovci |
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