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Eat Your Face | Track listing | Track listing
All songs written by Guttermouth
"Party of Two (Your Table is Ready)" - 2:53
"Surf's Up Asshole" - 3:15
"Octopus Hairpiece" - 2:19
"Wasted Lives" - 2:10
"The Next Faux Mohican" - 2:42
"Season" - 1:58
"Second DUI" - 2:31
"My Neighbor's Baby" - 2:54
"Guadalahabra (The La Habra Spirit)" - 2:33
"NRAA" - 1:59
"I Read it on a Bathroom Wall in Reno" - 1:52
"Ticket to Quebec" - 1:11
"Hot Dog to the Head (A Hot Dog is a Food Not a Penis So Get it Right or Pay the Price)" - 11:45 |
Eat Your Face | Performers | Performers
Mark Adkins - vocals
Scott Sheldon - guitar
Donald "Don" Horne - guitar
Kevin Clark - bass guitar
William Tyler "Ty" Smith - drums |
Eat Your Face | Album information | Album information
Record label: Epitaph Records
Recorded at Criterion Studios and Harcourt Studios April 5–10, 2004
Produced by Scott Sheldon and Donald Horne
Engineered by Brent
Engineered by Brent, Scott Sheldon, and Donald Horne
Mastered by Gene Grimaldi at Oasis Mastering
Category:2004 albums
Category:Guttermouth albums
Category:Epitaph Records albums
Category:Volcom Entertainment albums |
Eat Your Face | Table of Content | unreferenced, Track listing, Performers, Album information |
Sarabhai (crater) | Short description | left|thumb|The crater area in selenochromatic format (Si). More infos here : https://www.gawh.it/main/selenocromatica
Sarabhai is a small, circular, bowl-shaped crater on the Mare Serenitatis, in the northeast quadrant of the Moon. The formation is relatively isolated, being located to the northeast of the crater Bessel. It lies along a wrinkle ridge designated the Dorsum Azara.
This crater was named after Indian astrophysicist Vikram Sarabhai in 1973,Sarabhai, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN) considered the Father of the Indian Space Programme. It was previously identified as Bessel A. |
Sarabhai (crater) | References | References
|
Sarabhai (crater) | External links | External links
LTO-42B4 Sarabhai — L&PI topographic map
Category:Impact craters on the Moon
Category:Mare Serenitatis |
Sarabhai (crater) | Table of Content | Short description, References, External links |
Lincoln Imp | Short description | thumb|The Lincoln Imp
thumb|The Lincoln Imp is located at the bottom of the upper V.
The Lincoln Imp is a grotesque on a wall inside Lincoln Cathedral, England, and it has become the symbol of the city of Lincoln. The carving is situated high on the north side of the Angel Choir and is not conspicuous. The Angel Choir was built between 1250 and 1280, so the carving must date from then. It became well known in the late nineteenth century, and its associated folk tales are an elaboration of earlier traditions involving the devil hiding from wind inside the cathedral, the devil looking at Lincoln with malicious envy, and stone sculptures (at Lincoln Cathedral or Lincoln College, Oxford) said to represent either theme. |
Lincoln Imp | History | History
A 1780 guide to early English sculpture by John Carter had a section on "Antiquities from Lincoln". It made no mention of the imp but had an illustration of "A Sculpture projecting over the angle of a Turret of the South Porch of the Cathedral. 'Tis called by the inhabitants, the 'Devil on the Witch's back, looking over Lincoln'." Guides to the cathedral published in 1837 and 1856 also mentioned this exterior sculpture, and made no mention of the imp. An 1869 book by Richard John King did mention the imp carving, though not by nickname. "The grotesque below the second corbel on the north side (counting from the east—it is in the retro-choir) represents an elf with large ears, and may perhaps be regarded as illustrating the mediaeval folk-lore."
The nickname "Lincoln Imp" arose some time before 1897, when it featured in a pamphlet by Arnold Frost (real name G. T. Hemsley), containing his poem "The Ballad of the Wind, the Devil and Lincoln Minster". Frost said it was based on an "old Lincolnshire legend" that had "not hitherto appeared in print". He said it had been told to him "some five or six years ago by a North Lincolnshire man, sixty years of age, who, as a boy, had heard his father relate it." Frost summarised the legend:
“The coming of Bishop Remigius to Lincoln made the devil very angry, for up to that time he had had it all his own way in the town and district. The devil tried his utmost to turn him from his purpose of building a Cathedral, but without success. At last in desperation — the Minster then nearing its completion — the devil waylaid the bishop at the south-western corner of the building and tried to kill him. But the good prelate in his extremity called for aid upon the Blessed Virgin Mary — to whom the Church was to be dedicated — whereupon, the Blessed Virgin sent a mighty rushing wind, which, catching the devil, so hustled and buffeted him, that he slipped inside the Church for safety, where he has been ever since, nor dare he come out, knowing that the wind awaits his return in order to make an end of him.”
The legend made no mention of a stone carving. That was Frost’s own addition, in the last part of his poem:
The bishop we know died long ago.
The wind still waits, nor will he go
Till he has a chance of beating his foe;
But the devil hopp'd up without a limp.
And at once took shape as the “Lincoln Imp.”
And there he sits a'top of the column,
And grins at the people who gaze so solemn;
Moreover, he mocks at the wind below.
And says, “you may wait till doomsday, O !”
Frost was aware of a problem of chronology: the imp carving was made two centuries after Remigius founded the cathedral. He wrote in a footnote: “it is natural to suppose the devil would shift his quarters from time to time, choosing with each remove the most beautiful portion of the Cathedral as his particular stall!”
Frost’s introduction to the poem gave two other legends from published sources, linking the devil with Lincoln Cathedral (but not the imp). One ran as follows:
“The wind and the devil being on a friendly tour, [they] arrived at Lincoln Minster, where the latter addressed his friend thus, ‘just wait outside here whilst I go in and have a chat with my friends the Dean and Canons.’ ‘All right,’ said the wind, and he has been waiting there ever since!”
The other was a story about a proverbial expression, “looking as the devil over Lincoln”. It meant to regard something or someone with malicious envy, and can be dated at least as far back as 1562 (“Like as the diuel lookt oer Lincolne”). The expression was well known, used by writers including Pope, Swift and Scott. It was illustrated by George Cruikshank as a man with a grotesque expression.
Lincoln Cathedral stands in an exposed position, vulnerable to high winds, and its tall wood and timber spire was “blown down during a tempest in January 1547-8”. Seen as the work of a spiteful devil, this would explain both traditions. In a book published in 1748, Daniel Defoe wrote, “The Middle or Rood Tower is the highest in the whole Kingdom, and when the Spire was standing on it, it must, in Proportion to the Height of the Tower, have exceeded that of old St. Paul's, which was 520 Feet. The Monks were so proud of this Structure, that they would have it, that the Devil looked upon it with an envious Eye; whence the Proverb of a Man who looks invidious and malignant, He looks as the Devil over Lincoln.”
Another explanation for the proverb linked it with a sculpture at Lincoln College, Oxford. Thomas Fuller discussed this in his Worthies of England (1662). “Some fetch the original of this Proverb from a stone picture of the Devil, which doth (or lately did) over-look Lincoln College… [however] it is conceived of more antiquity… [and] related originally to the Cathedral Church in Lincoln.” In Fuller’s view, the sculpture at Oxford had simply come to be seen as a humorous embodiment of the existing proverb.
Frost was not aware of this history when he wrote his poem, but said he learned some of it while his pamphlet was in press, causing him to release a second edition, with a new introduction, five months later. There he wrote of “the notorious attempt made by ‘Oxford men’ to appropriate one more good thing from the City of Lincoln, namely, the cult of the ‘Lincoln Imp’.” He quoted Fuller as evidence against the “Oxford plagiarists” and provided “two other versions of the legend… from two widely different sources.” He did not specify what the sources were, but said “there is every reason to believe them genuine [though] neither version can boast a Lincolnshire origin.” One of them involved two imps rather than one, thus connecting the Angel Choir carving with the “devil on the witch’s back” sculpture at the south porch, and linking both with the theme of the wind:
"The wind, one day, brought two imps to view the new Minster at Lincoln. Both imps were greatly impressed with the magnitude and beauty of the structure, and one of them, smitten by a fatal curiosity, slipped inside the building to see what was going on. His temerity, however, cost him dear, for he was so petrified with astonishment at the wonderful things he both saw and heard, that his heart became as stone within him, and he remained rooted to the ground. The other imp, full of grief at the loss of his brother, flew madly round about the minster, seeking in vain for the lost one. At length, being wearied out, he alighted, quite unwittingly, upon the shoulders of a certain witch, and was also, and in like manner, instantly turned to stone! But the wind still haunts the Minster precincts waiting their return, now hopelessly disconsolate ! and now raging with fury !"
The other related to the “devil over Lincoln” theme:
“When the Minster was nearing its completion, the devil, who had narrowly and jealously watched the good bishop's proceedings, at once took up his position as over-lord, saying with a grim smile, as he looked over Lincoln, "Ah! my good friend, all this is mine!"
Frost produced a third edition of his pamphlet in June 1898, and in the same year his version of the imp legend was given far wider currency by being reproduced in ‘’The Magic of the Horseshoe’’ by the American writer Robert Means Lawrence.
An 1898 cathedral guidebook by A.F. Kendrick called the Lincoln Imp a “delightfully grotesque little specimen of ugliness” and “a characteristic record of the exuberant fancy of our mediaeval artists.” Kendrick also mentioned the south porch carving, calling it “an imp on the back of a witch”, plus another exterior sculpture that locals connected with the same tradition, above the south-east chapel next to St Hugh’s. “The gable of this chapel is worthy of notice. At the head of its tall central lancet is a grotesque figure, commonly pointed out as the ‘Devil looking over Lincoln’.”
The growing popularity of the Lincoln Imp led to a copy being installed at Oxford in 1899, replacing Lincoln College’s earlier claimant that had become damaged. The imp became famous in the early twentieth century as a good-luck charm after a wealthy local jeweller, James Ward Usher, secured sole rights to use its image on merchandise for a period of time. This was met by scepticism in some quarters, as shown by a letter to the magazine Notes and Queries, quoted in a 1908 book on Lincolnshire folklore:
“A friend of mine informs me that, according to a ladies' fashion paper which she was reading not long ago, a trinket in the form of 'the Lincoln Imp' will prevent its wearer losing things. I am anxious to know whether this superstition has been made to order. It does not seem probable that it is veritable folk-lore, as no evidence is yet forthcoming that the quaint figure in the Minster which is known as ' the Imp' was originally intended to represent the devil, or till recent days had any connexion with the devil-legend of the city or other traditionary beliefs.” |
Lincoln Imp | Folk tales | Folk tales
Modern folk tales about the Lincoln Imp are mostly variations on the traditions described in the previous section. Reproduced in newspapers, tourist guides and websites, they are often presented as ancient legends, but lack definite pre-20th century sources. Visit Lincoln (a not for profit community interest company that sponsors tourism and investment) gives the story as follows:
Legend has it that one day the Devil was in a frolicsome mood, and sent two naughty creatures to cause mischief on Earth. After allegedly stopping at Chesterfield, twisting the spire of St Mary and All Saints Church, the two imps went to Lincoln to wreak havoc in the city's Cathedral. Upon arriving, the naughty imps went inside the cathedral and started to cause mayhem, knocking over the Dean, smashing the stained glass windows and destroying the lights. In a bid to put a stop to their antics, an angel was sent to warn the imps off causing any more chaos.
One of the imps hid underneath a table, whilst the other started throwing stones and rocks at the Angel in a final act of defiance - "Stop me if you can!" it cheekily retorted. In a moment of anger, the Angel turned the Imp to stone. He has remained in the same spot ever since, sitting cross-legged on top of the pillar overlooking the Angel Choir – a constant reminder of how good will always triumph over evil. Ever wondered why it's so windy outside the Cathedral? That's thought to be caused by the second Imp, waiting for his friend to return!
Head to Lincoln Cathedral and see the petrified Lincoln Imp high up for yourself - there's a spotlight to help you if you give in! You’ll also find imps across the city too: on door knockers, in gift shops and even in the nickname of the local football team - the Red Imps.
The Lincoln Cathedral shop sells a Lincoln Imp keyring, and the cathedral website tells this story:
One day, according to a very old legend, the Devil sent his imps out to play, and the wind blew two of them all the way to Lincoln. At first they were so awestruck by the splendour of the Cathedral that they were afraid to enter. But soon, one imp plucked up courage, flew into the Cathedral where he tried to trip up the Lord Bishop, and to knock down the Dean, and teased the Vergers and Choir. When he started to break windows the Angels told him to stop his wicked doings; he cheekily replied "Stop me if you can!" Whereupon he was at once turned into stone, and made to sit for evermore in a cleft in the Angel Choir.
The Lincoln Imp is the best known of all the grotesque carved figures in the Cathedral. Its half human, half animal form was probably meant to represent the devil – a popular theme for sculptors of the thirteenth century. The stone figure of the Imp is about 12 inches high, and sits cross-legged high up between two arches on the north side of the Choir.
There is also a "Grimsby Imp" story, a variation of the two-imp story originally told by Arnold Frost in 1898, but with the second character relocated to a different Lincolnshire church, Grimsby Minster. The Grimsby Imp has been spoken about since at least 2017 when it was mentioned by Paul Martin on the television show Flog It!
Everywhere you look, here, in Grimsby Minster, there's something to see. Little delights, little treats. Now, here in the south aisle, I've spotted something I want to show you. He's a little imp, he's known as the Grimsby Imp, and he's more than likely a stonemason's joke, and he's right up there. The figure is supporting the weight of the tower on his back like Atlas carrying the globe. Now, it's thought, legend has it, that he was one of two imps that escaped from Lincoln Cathedral, he found his way here, caused lots of mischief, was found out by the angels and turned into stone. But I've got another theory. I think it reflects the pride of the master stonemason, whose skills underpin the whole building. This has been here for centuries. It's going to remain here for many more centuries to come. I love it, absolutely love it.
In May 2021 an item in Grimsby Live, "The truth behind Grimsby's very own legendary imp", further expanded the story to include the twisted spire of Chesterfield Parish Church. It said a vicar at Grimsby Minster "has a more logical and historical explanation for the figure suggesting one of the craftsmen who built the Minster carved the figure of a man bending over supporting the church." In September 2021 North East Lincolnshire Council announced that Grimsby Minster was to be part of the "Lincoln Imp Trail", involving 32 painted sculptures inspired by the Lincoln Imp placed at various sites around Lincolnshire in a venture organised by the Lincoln Business Improvement Group. Grimsby Minster website makes no mention of the imp. |
Lincoln Imp | Lincoln College, Oxford | Lincoln College, Oxford
An 1899 reproduction of the Lincoln Imp also overlooked the Front Quad of Lincoln College, Oxford until 2000 when it was transferred to the bar (Deep Hall) and another Imp was erected in the traditional position above the entrance to Hall.
thumb|The Lincoln Imp at Lincoln College Oxford is a reference to the origins of the college, Lincoln.
This has given rise to a traditional Oxford expression: 'to look on someone like the Imp looks over Lincoln' (a variant of the older proverb discussed above) as well as giving rise to the title of the college's undergraduate newspaper: The Lincoln Imp. The Lincoln Imp is also the mascot of the college boat club, an image of which is used to decorate the oars and jerseys of the men's 1st VIII. |
Lincoln Imp | Wider use of the image | Wider use of the image
thumb|upright|A carving of the Lincoln Imp on a house in Farndale, North Yorkshire
The Lincoln example is by far the best-known example. James Ward Usher, local businessman and philanthropist, obtained sole rights to use the image of the Lincoln Imp on jewellery, in the late 19th century, a venture which contributed greatly to his fame and wealth.
Lincoln City Football Club are nicknamed 'The Imps'. An image of the Lincoln Imp appears on their crest, and 'Poacher the Imp' serves as club mascot. The Lincoln Imp also lends its name to the Gibraltar club Lincoln Red Imps F.C., and Lincoln Hockey Club share the nickname and crest design of their footballing counterparts.
The Lincoln Imp is the badge of No. LXI Squadron RAF. |
Lincoln Imp | See also | See also
Cerne Abbas Giant
Green Man
Lincoln Cathedral
The Grimsby Imp |
Lincoln Imp | References | References
Category:Fictional characters introduced in the 14th century
Imp
Imp
Category:Lincolnshire folklore
Category:Imps |
Lincoln Imp | Table of Content | Short description, History, Folk tales, Lincoln College, Oxford, Wider use of the image, See also, References |
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Balboa (lunar crater) | Short description | Balboa is a lunar impact crater that is located near the western limb of the Moon. Due to foreshortening, the crater appears highly oval when viewed from the Earth. In actuality, however, the formation is relatively circular. It is comparable in size to the crater Dalton, located just to the southwest. The eastern rim of Balboa lies just to the west of the Oceanus Procellarum.
The rim of Balboa is worn and eroded, with the most intact sections along the eastern and western edges. The crater interior has been flooded with basaltic lava in the past, and the floor is marked fractures.The geologic history of the Moon, 1987, Wilhelms, Don E.; with sections by McCauley, John F.; Trask, Newell J. USGS Professional Paper: 1348. (online) Nearby Dalton and an unnamed crater northwest of satellite crater Balboa B are similarly fractured.
Balboa A is a well-formed impact crater located just to the southeast of Balboa, with a sharp, notched rim and an irregular interior. Its diameter is only somewhat smaller than Dalton directly to the west. |
Balboa (lunar crater) | Satellite craters | Satellite craters
thumb|right|240px|Satellite craters of Balboa, with Dalton
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Balboa.
Balboa LatitudeLongitudeDiameterA17.4° N81.9° W47 kmB20.3° N82.3° W62 kmC19.6° N79.1° W27 kmD18.2° N79.7° W40 km |
Balboa (lunar crater) | References | References
|
Balboa (lunar crater) | External links | External links
Category:Impact craters on the Moon |
Balboa (lunar crater) | Table of Content | Short description, Satellite craters, References, External links |
Longgang, Shenzhen | More citations needed | Longgang District () is one of the nine districts of Shenzhen, Guangdong. It is located in northeastern Shenzhen. With an area of , Longgang District is one of the largest districts by area in Guangdong province. The population of the district is 3,979,037 (2020). |
Longgang, Shenzhen | Subdistricts | Subdistricts
Name Chinese (S) Hanyu Pinyin Canton Romanization Population (2010) Area (km2) Longcheng Subdistrict 龙城街道 Lóngchéng Jiēdào lung4 xing4 gai1 dou6 260,696 77.68 Longgang Subdistrict 龙岗街道 Lónggǎng Jiēdào lung4 gong1 gai1 dou6 215,273 64.84 Henggang Subdistrict 横岗街道 Hénggǎng Jiēdào hang1 ji2 gai1 dou6 94,801 40.40 Buji Subdistrict 布吉街道 Bùjí Jiēdào bou3 ged1 gai1 dou6 359,770 30.58 Bantian Subdistrict 坂田街道 Bǎntián Jiēdào ban2 tin4 gai1 dou6 221,767 28.51 Nanwan Subdistrict 南湾街道 Nánwān Jiēdào nam4 wan1 gai1 dou6 197,431 24.68 Pinghu Subdistrict 平湖街道 Pínghú Jiēdào ping4 wu4 gai1 dou6 228,217 41.80 Pingdi Subdistrict 坪地街道 Píngdì Jiēdào ping4 déi6 gai1 dou6 94,765 53.14 Baolong Subdistrict 宝龙街道 Bǎolóng Jiēdào Jihua Subdistrict 吉华街道 Jíhuá Jiēdào Yuanshan Subdistrict 园山街道 Yuánshān Jiēdào DapengNew District Dapeng Subdistrict 大鹏街道 Dàpéng Jiēdào dai6 pang4 gai1 dou6 46,867 82.81 Kuichong Subdistrict 葵涌街道 Kuíchōng Jiēdào kuei4 cung1 gai1 dou6 61,105 103.90 Nan'ao Subdistrict 南澳街道 Nán'ào Jiēdào nam4 ou3 gai1 dou6 18,588 115.06 |
Longgang, Shenzhen | History | History
Longgang was established as a district on January 1, 1993. Archaeologists discovered antiques which dated back 7, 000 years ago in Xiantouling () of Longgang District. |
Longgang, Shenzhen | Economy | Economy
Huawei is headquartered in Longgang District."Contact us ." Huawei. Retrieved on February 4, 2009.
China South International Industrial Materials City (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. |
Longgang, Shenzhen | Education | Education
Colleges and universities:
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
Shenzhen MSU-BIT University
Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology
K-12 schools operated by the Shenzhen Municipal government include:
Shenzhen No. 3 Senior High School (深圳市第三高级中学) Senior High School Division - Central District
Shenzhen High School of Science (深圳科学高中) - Bantian Subdistrict
Shenzhen Institute of Technology (深圳技师学院) - Wulian Community, Longcheng Subdistrict
Shenzhen Sports School (深圳体育运动学校)
Shenzhen Yuanping Special Education School (深圳元平特殊教育学校) - Buji Subdistrict
District schools:
Longcheng High School |
Longgang, Shenzhen | Tourist attractions | Tourist attractions
Longgang museum of Hakka culture
Beaches
Most of the beaches are in Dapeng New District.
Ju Diao Sha 桔钓沙
Dong Chong 东冲
Xi Chong 西冲 |
Longgang, Shenzhen | Rivers | Rivers
Egongling River |
Longgang, Shenzhen | Transportation | Transportation |
Longgang, Shenzhen | Shenzhen Metro | Shenzhen Metro
Longgang is currently served by five metro lines operated by Shenzhen Metro:
- Buji , Mumianwan, Dafen, Danzhutou, Liuyue, Tangkeng, Henggang, Yonghu, He'ao, Universiade , Ailian, Jixiang, Longcheng Square, Nanlian, Shuanglong
- Wuhe , Bantian, Yangmei, Shangshuijing, Xiashuijing, Changlong, Buji , Baigelong
- Yabao, Nankeng, Guangyayuan, Wuhe , Bantian North, Bei'er Road, Huawei, Gangtou, Xuexiang, Gankeng, Liangmao Hill, Shanglilang, Mugu, Huanancheng, Hehua, Pinghu, Shuangyong Street
- Buji , Shiyaling, Liuyue North, Silian, Aobei, Universiade , Zhangbei, Nanyue, Baolong
- Universiade , Universiade Center, Longcheng Park, Huanggekeng, Yuyuan, Huilongpu, Shangjing, Shengping, Longyuan, Shuanglong , Xintangwei, Longdong, Baolong Tongle |
Longgang, Shenzhen | See also | See also |
Longgang, Shenzhen | References | References |
Longgang, Shenzhen | External links | External links
Official website of Longgang District government
Category:Districts of Shenzhen |
Longgang, Shenzhen | Table of Content | More citations needed, Subdistricts, History, Economy, Education, Tourist attractions, Rivers, Transportation, Shenzhen Metro, See also, References, External links |
Ben Lyon | Short description | Ben Lyon (February 6, 1901 – March 22, 1979) was an American film actor and a studio executive at 20th Century-Fox who later acted in British radio, films and TV. |
Ben Lyon | Early life and career | Early life and career
thumb|right|Jean Harlow and Ben Lyon in Hell's Angels (1930)
Lyon was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Alvine W. (Wiseberg) and Ben Lyon, a travelling salesman. His family was Jewish.William D. Rubinstein, Michael Jolles, Hilary L. Rubinstein, The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History, Palgrave Macmillan (2011), p. 626 Lyon entered films in 1918 after a successful appearance on Broadway opposite Jeanne Eagels. He attracted attention in the highly successful film Flaming Youth (1923) and steadily developed into a leading man. He was successfully paired with some of the leading actresses of the silent era, including Pola Negri, Gloria Swanson, Colleen Moore, Barbara La Marr, Viola Dana, Anna Q. Nilsson, Mary Astor and Blanche Sweet. In 1925, a writer for Photoplay wrote of him, "Girls, Ben Lyon looks harmless but we have reliable information that he's irresistible, so watch your step. Besides he's a mighty fine actor and if the ladies must fall in love with him he can't help it."
thumb|right|Lyon in I Cover the Waterfront (1933)He had success as an actor in the 1930 film Hell's Angels. The film was a major success and brought Jean Harlow to prominence, but Lyon's performance as a heroic World War I aviator was also highly regarded and was a personal friend of Howard Hughes. For the next decade he was constantly in demand, but his popularity began to wane by the early 1940s. By the mid 1940s he was working for 20th Century-Fox. On July 17, 1946, he met a young aspiring actress named Norma Jeane Dougherty. After his first meeting with her, he stated that she was "Jean Harlow all over again!" He organized a color screen test for the actress, renamed her, and finally signed her as Marilyn Monroe to her first studio contract.
During World War II, when the United States was still neutral, Lyon and his wife, actress Bebe Daniels, settled in London. The couple, along with the comedian Vic Oliver, starred in the radio series Hi, Gang!, which ran from 1940 to 1949. Hi Gang was succeeded in 1950 by Life with the Lyons, which also featured their real-life son Richard and daughter Barbara, and spawned a couple of theatrical films as well as a television series on BBC and independent television from 1954 until 1960. Bebe Daniels had top billing in these series, similar to the concurrent American show starring married couple Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz.
He was the subject of This Is Your Life in March 1963, when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the BBC Television Theatre. |
Ben Lyon | Military service | Military service
Lyon served as a pilot in the 322nd Pursuit Squadron in the early 1930s. During World War II he served as a lieutenant colonel in the US Army Air Forces Special Services. |
Ben Lyon | Personal life and death | Personal life and death
Lyon married actress Bebe Daniels in June 1930.Donnelley 2003 p.191 They had two children, daughter Barbara in 1931 and an adopted son Richard. In an issue of the contemporary magazine Radio Pictorial, Bebe explained how she saw Richard peering through the railings at a London orphanage and instantly thought "A brother for Barbara". Daniels suffered a severe stroke in 1963 and withdrew from public life. She suffered a second stroke in late 1970. She died at the couple's London home in March 1971.
On April 1, 1972, Lyon married the actress Marian Nixon, whom he had known since the 1920s. They remained married until his death. She died five years later, also at age 78.
On March 22, 1979, Lyon and his second wife, Marian Nixon, were vacationing together on the Queen Elizabeth 2 cruise ship near Honolulu, Hawaii, when Lyon suffered a fatal heart attack. He was 78 years old. His body was cremated and is interred in the Chapel Columbarium at Hollywood Forever Cemetery next to his first wife, Bebe Daniels.
For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Ben Lyon has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1724 Vine Street.
Jill Allgood lived with Bebe and Ben Lyon for many years in their large apartment at Dolphin Square, London. Bebe and Ben Lyon were the godparent to Allgood's niece, Suzanne Allgood. |
Ben Lyon | Filmography | Filmography
Year Film Role Director Notes1918 The Transgressor 1919 Open Your Eyes Harold Connors Gilbert P. Hamilton 1921 The Heart of Maryland Bob Telfair Tom Terriss Lost film 1923 The Custard Cup Dick Chase Herbert Brenon Lost film Potash and Perlmutter Boris Andrieff Clarence G. Badger Lost film Flaming Youth Monty Standish John Francis Dillon Incomplete, one reel survives 1924 Painted People Don Lane Clarence G. Badger Lost film The White Moth Douglas Morley Maurice Tourneur Wine of Youth Lynn Talbot King Vidor Lily of the Dust Lt. Prell Dimitri Buchowetzki Lost film Wages of Virtue Marvin Allan Dwan Lost film So Big Dirk DeJong Charles Brabin Lost film 1925 One Way Street Bobby Austin John Francis Dillon Lost film The Necessary Evil Frank Jerome George Archainbaud Lost film Winds of Chance Pierce Phillips Frank Lloyd The Pace That Thrills Danny Wade Webster Campbell Lost film The New Commandment Billy Morrow Howard Higgin Lost film Bluebeard's Seven Wives John Hart / Don Juan Hartez Alfred Santell Lost film 1926 The Reckless Lady Ralph Hilliwe Howard Higgin Lost film The Savage Danny Terry Fred C. Newmeyer Lost film The Great Deception Cyril Mansfield Howard Higgin Lost film Prince of Tempters Francis Lothar Mendes 1927 The Perfect Sap Herbert Alden Howard Higgin Lost film High Hat Jerry James Ashmore Creelman The Tender Hour Wally McKenzie George Fitzmaurice Dance Magic Leach Norcutt Victor Halperin Lost film For the Love of Mike Mike Frank Capra Lost film Dancing Vienna Jonny Conzaga Frederic Zelnik Lost film 1929 The Air Legion Dave Bert Glennon All Faces West Mathew Raymond K. Johnson The Quitter Neal Abbott Joseph Henabery The Flying Marine Steve Moran Albert S. Rogell 1930 Lummox Rollo Farley Ray Lissner Alias French Gertie Jimmy Hartigan George Archainbaud Hell's Angels Monte Rutledge Howard HughesJames Whale What Men Want Kendall James Ernst Laemmle A Soldier's Plaything Georgie Michael Curtiz 1931 The Hot Heiress 'Hap' Harrigan Clarence G. Badger Misbehaving Ladies Phil Hunter William Beaudine Indiscreet Tony Blake Leo McCarey Aloha Jimmy Bradford Albert S. Rogell My Past Robert 'Bob' Byrne Roy Del Ruth Night Nurse Mortie William A. Wellman Bought! Nick Amory Archie Mayo Her Majesty, Love Fred von Wellingen William Dieterle Compromised Sidney Brock Ben Silvey Lost film 1932 Lady with a Past Guy Bryson E. J. Babille The Big Timer Cooky Bradford Edward Buzzell Week Ends Only Jack Williams Alan Crosland By Whose Hand? Jimmy Benjamin Stoloff The Crooked Circle Brand Osborne H. Bruce Humberstone Hat Check Girl Buster Collins Sidney Lanfield 1933 Girl Missing Henry Gibson Robert Florey I Cover the Waterfront H. Joseph 'Joe' Miller James Cruze The Women in His Life Roger McKane George B. Seitz 1934 I Spy Wally Sawyer Crimson Romance Bob Wilson David Howard Lightning Strikes Twice Steven 'Steve' Brewster Ben Holmes 1935 Together We Live Max Willard Mack Navy Wife Dr. Peter Milford Allan Dwan Frisco Waterfront Glenn Burton Arthur Lubin 1936 Dancing Feet Peyton Wells Joseph Santley Down to the Sea Steve Londos Lewis D. Collins Treachery on the High Seas Johnny Hammond Emil-Edwin Reinert 1938 Stardust Royal Harley Melville W. Brown 1939 I Killed the Count Bernard Froy Frederic Zelnik Confidential Lady Jim Brent Arthur B. Woods Lost film 1941 Hi Gang! Her Other Half Marcel Varnel 1942 This Was Paris Butch, Sydney Chronicle Reporter John Harlow 1943 The Dark Tower Phil Danton John Harlow 1954 Life with the Lyons Himself Val Guest 1955 The Lyons in Paris Ben Val Guest |
Ben Lyon | Bibliography | Bibliography
|
Ben Lyon | References | References |
Ben Lyon | External links | External links
Photographs of Ben Lyon and bibliography
BBC Desert Island Discs
Category:1901 births
Category:1979 deaths
Category:20th-century American male actors
Category:Jewish American male actors
Category:American expatriate male actors
Category:American expatriates in the United Kingdom
Category:American film studio executives
Category:American male film actors
Category:American male radio actors
Category:American male silent film actors
Category:American male stage actors
Category:American male television actors
Category:Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Category:Male actors from Atlanta
Category:20th-century American businesspeople
Category:United States Army colonels
Category:People who died at sea
Category:20th-century American Jews
Category:Jewish American film people |
Ben Lyon | Table of Content | Short description, Early life and career, Military service, Personal life and death, Filmography, Bibliography, References, External links |
Sigil Games | # | redirect Sigil Games Online |
Sigil Games | Table of Content | # |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | short description | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in astronomy, astrophysics and related fields. It publishes original research in two formats: papers (of any length) and letters (limited to five pages). MNRAS publishes more articles per year than any other astronomy journal.
The learned society journal has been in continuous existence since 1827 and became online only in 2020. It operates as a partnership between the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS), who select and peer-review the contents, and Oxford University Press (OUP), who publish and market the journal. Despite its name, MNRAS is no longer monthly, nor does it carry the notices of the RAS. In 2024 MNRAS became a purely gold open access journal. |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | History | History
The first issue of MNRAS was published on 9 February 1827 as Monthly Notices of the Astronomical Society of London and it has been in continuous publication ever since. It took its current name from the second volume, after the Astronomical Society of London became the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS). Until 1960 it carried the monthly notices of the RAS, at which time these were transferred to the newly established Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1960–1996) and then to its successor journal Astronomy & Geophysics (since 1997). Until 1965, MNRAS was published in-house by the society; from 1965 to 2012 it was published by Blackwell Publishing (later part of Wiley-Blackwell) on behalf of the RAS. From 2013, MNRAS is published by Oxford University Press (OUP).
The journal is no longer monthly, with thirty-six issues a year divided into nine volumes. The Letters section had originally appeared on pink paper in the print edition, but moved online only in the early 2000s. Print publication ceased after the April 2020 volume, during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the journal becoming online-only. |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | Content | Content
MNRAS publishes peer-reviewed articles on original research in astronomy and astrophysics. Two sorts of article are carried by MNRAS: papers, which can be of any length, and letters, which are published more quickly but are limited to five pages in length. Editorial control of the journal is exercised by the RAS through an editorial board of professional astronomers; , the editor-in-chief has been David Flower (University of Durham).
In 2022 MNRAS published 3441 articles, more than any other astronomy journal. |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | Open access | Open access
In January 2024 MNRAS became a gold open access journal, making all articles free to read online as soon as they are published, under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) licence. There are no subscription fees for readers, instead the costs of publication are met by an article processing charge (APC) on the authors. , the APCs are £2310 for a standard article and £1100 for a letter; RAS Fellows receive a 20% discount on these fees. In many cases the APCs are paid for by a read and publish agreement between the author's institution and OUP, and authors based in developing countries are entitled to an APC waiver. If an author is not from a developing country but is unable to pay the APC, MNRAS provides partial or full waivers on a case-by-case basis. |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | Former policy | Former policy
Prior to 2024, MNRAS used a combination of green open access, delayed open access (36 months) and optional hybrid open access. There were no fees for authors, from the founding of the journal in 1927 until the end of 2023, with all costs of publications being met by subscriptions. Green open access was encouraged through self-archiving by authors on personal webpages, in institutional repositories, and on the arXiv preprint server. Fellows of the RAS were provided with free online access to the RAS journals as part of their membership benefits. |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | Editors-in-chief | Editors-in-chief
The following persons have served as Editor-in-Chief (formerly titled Managing Editor or simply Editor):
David Flower (2012–present)
Robert Carswell (2008–2012)
Andy Fabian (1994–2008)
John Shakeshaft (?–1994)
Roger Tayler (1979Tayler, p. 201–?)
Function performed by the Secretaries of the RAS Council (1881Dreyer, p. 239–1979)
Arthur Cayley (1874–1881)Dreyer, p. 187
Richard Proctor (1872–1874)
Arthur Cayley (1860–1872)
Robert Grant (?–1881)
Richard Sheepshanks |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | Abstracting and indexing | Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 4.8. |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | See also | See also
The Astronomical Journal
The Astrophysical Journal
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Astronomy & Geophysics |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | References | References |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | Citations | Citations |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | Works cited | Works cited |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | External links | External links
RAS journal page
Category:Astronomy journals
Category:Publications established in 1827
Category:Oxford University Press academic journals
Category:English-language journals
Category:Royal Astronomical Society academic journals
Category:Astronomy in the United Kingdom
Category:1827 establishments in the United Kingdom
Category:Journals published between 27 and 51 times per year |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | Table of Content | short description, History, Content, Open access, Former policy, Editors-in-chief, Abstracting and indexing, See also, References, Citations, Works cited, External links |
Nathan L. Bachman | Short description | Nathan Lynn Bachman (August 2, 1878April 23, 1937) was a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1933 until his death. He was a member of the Democratic Party. |
Nathan L. Bachman | Biography | Biography
Bachman was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee. His father was Dr. Jonathan W. Bachman, Confederate veteran and former pastor of First Presbyterian Church in Chattanooga. He attended several colleges, including the former Southwestern Presbyterian University in Clarksville, Tennessee (the predecessor institution to the current Rhodes College in Memphis, Tennessee; the campus is the current setting of Austin Peay State University), Central University in Richmond, Kentucky (now merged with Centre College in Danville, Kentucky), and Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia. He then returned home, attending the Chattanooga College of Law (then the law school of the former University of Chattanooga, now the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) before actually graduating from the law school of the University of Virginia in 1903. He began the practice of law in Chattanooga that same year.
Bachman was Chattanooga city attorney from 1906 to 1908 and circuit court judge from 1912 to 1918. In 1918 he became an associate justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court, resigning in 1924 to run for the U.S. Senate. His 1924 campaign was unsuccessful and he returned to the practice of law.
However, on February 28, 1933, Bachman was appointed to the United States Senate by governor of Tennessee Hill McAlister to the unexpired term of Senator Cordell Hull, who had resigned to accept the appointment of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to the office of Secretary of State. In November, 1934, Bachman was elected to the balance of Hull's unexpired term. He completed the term to which Hull had been elected and was subsequently elected to a full term in his own right in 1936. He died in Washington, D.C., the next spring after having served less than four months of that term.
Bachman was a prominent leader in the Masonic fraternity in Chattanooga, including the Knights Templar Commandery # 14. He was also an active Civitan. |
Nathan L. Bachman | Death | Death
Driver died from a heart attack in Washington, D.C., on April 27, 1937 (age 58 years). He is interred at Forest Hills Cemetery, Chattanooga, Tennessee. |
Nathan L. Bachman | The "Bachman Tubes" | The "Bachman Tubes"
The Bachman Tubes are highway tunnels on U.S. Highways 41/76 through Missionary Ridge connecting Chattanooga with the adjacent town of East Ridge, which are named in his father's honor. |
Nathan L. Bachman | See also | See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49) |
Nathan L. Bachman | References | References
Category:1878 births
Category:1937 deaths
Category:Politicians from Chattanooga, Tennessee
Category:Presbyterians from Tennessee
Category:Democratic Party United States senators from Tennessee
Category:American prosecutors
Category:Justices of the Tennessee Supreme Court
Category:20th-century American judges
Category:Centre College alumni
Category:Washington and Lee University alumni
Category:University of Tennessee at Chattanooga alumni
Category:University of Virginia School of Law alumni
Category:20th-century United States senators |
Nathan L. Bachman | Table of Content | Short description, Biography, Death, The "Bachman Tubes", See also, References |
A Journey Beyond the Three Seas | Short description | thumb | right | alt=Facsimile of a book page, with Cyrillic text | Page from the original book
A Journey Beyond the Three Seas () is a Russian travelogue in the form of travel notes, made by Afanasy Nikitin, a merchant from Tver, during his journey to the Indian subcontinent in 1466–1472.
A Journey Beyond the Three Seas was the first Russian literary work to depict a strictly commercial, non-religious trip. Prior texts were pilgrimage texts, which depicted travel to holy sites and were more standardized, dry and conventional. The author visited the Caucasus, Persia, India and the Crimea. However, most of the notes are dedicated to India, its political structure, trade, agriculture, customs and ceremonies. The work is full of lyrical digressions and autobiographic passages. There is a strong individual, authorial presence. Its last page is in Turkic and broken Arabic; these are, in fact, typical Muslim prayers, indicating that Nikitin might have converted to Islam while he was in India, although his lapse from Christianity bothered him as he mentions several times in the text.For a translation of Nikitin's account, see Richard H. Major, ed. "The Travels of Athanasius Nikitin," tr. Mikhail M. Wielhorsky. In India in the Fifteenth Century. Hakluyt Society, ser. 1. volume 22. (London: Hakluyt Society, 1857).
On the other hand Nikitin consistently prays to Blessed Virgin Mary as Theotokos, Christian Orthodox Saints, tries to observe Christian rites, and so on.
The author did not make his way back to his native land; he died on the trip home.
In 1475, the manuscript made its way to Moscow into the hands of a government official by the name of Vasili Mamyrev. Later on, it was incorporated into the annalistic code of 1489, the Sofia Second Chronicle and the Lvov Chronicle. |
A Journey Beyond the Three Seas | References | References |
A Journey Beyond the Three Seas | Further reading | Further reading |
A Journey Beyond the Three Seas | External links | External links
Full text of A Journey Beyond Three Seas
Scan pages of A Journey Beyond Three Seas
Category:1470s books
Category:15th-century Russian literature
Category:Indian travel books
Category:Cyrillic manuscripts
Category:15th-century manuscripts |
A Journey Beyond the Three Seas | Table of Content | Short description, References, Further reading, External links |
Category:Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors | Cat main | Category:Antiplatelet drugs |
Category:Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors | Table of Content | Cat main |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | Use dmy dates | The International Fellowship of Reconciliation (IFOR) is a non-governmental organization founded in 1914 in response to the horrors of war in Europe. Today IFOR counts 71 branches, groups and affiliates in 48 countries on all continents. IFOR members promote nonviolence, human rights and reconciliation through public education efforts, training programs and campaigns. The IFOR International Secretariat in Utrecht, Netherlands facilitates communication among IFOR members, links branches to capacity building resources, provides training in gender-sensitive nonviolence through the Women Peacemakers Program, and helps coordinate international campaigns, delegations and urgent actions. IFOR has ECOSOC status at the United Nations. |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | History | History |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | Origins in wartime | Origins in wartime
The first body to use the name "Fellowship of Reconciliation" was formed as a result of a pact made in August 1914 at the outbreak of the First World War by two Christians, Henry Hodgkin (an English Quaker) and Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze (a German Lutheran), who were participating in a Christian pacifist conference in Konstanz, southern Germany (near Switzerland), where the World Alliance for the promotion international Friendship through the Churches (World Alliance, WA) was formed. According to the mythotology of the IFOR, on the platform of the railway station at Cologne, they pledged to each other that, "We are one in Christ and can never be at war".Peter Brock and Nigel Young,
Pacifism in the Twentieth Century. Syracuse University Press, New York, 1999
(p. 24).Ojajärvi Rony. Spirit of the Comintern? Historical Contexts of the Movement towards a Christian international 1919 - 1923. In Kircliche Zeitgeschichte/Contemporary Church History 1/2020, 168-178.
After coming into his home country, Hodgkins invited his Quaker – and often socialist – friends, such as Kees Boeke, to organize a conference in Cambridge in 1915, in which the "Fellowship of Reconciliation" (FOR England) was established.Ojajärvi Rony. Spirit of the Comintern? Historical Contexts of the Movement towards a Christian international 1919-1923. In Kircliche Zeitgeschichte/Contemporary Church History 1/2020, 168-178. The German branch, Versöhnungsbund, was founded later. It held its first conference in 1932, but in 1933, when Hitler came to power, it dissolved. Schultze was arrested 27 times during World War I and was forced to live in exile during the Nazi period. FOR Germany was officially reestablished just in 1956 with Dr Siegmund Schultze as president.
Shortly after the Cambridge conference, in the autumn of 1915, Henry Hodgkin went over to America and, 11 and 12 November, the American Fellowship was founded during a Conference at Garden City, Long Island. More than a thousand members enrolled in the American Fellowship before and during the war, which, for the US, begun on 6 April 1917. Also, Cornelius Boeke made a trip to Europe, where he established international social networks for the work of FOR. Because of this and the peace work of Boeke, he was deported to his home country Holland by the national court of England.
During the war time, Fellowship of Reconciliation focused its activities mainly on trying to influence public opinion, to help victims of war and war prisoners. 600 people in England went to prison for helping more than 16.000 imprisoned during the war. When conscription began in Britain in 1916 and in the United States many FOR members refused military service.Vera Brittain, "The Rebel Passion: a History of Some Pioneer Peace-Makers", George Allen and Unwin ltd, London, 1964, p.40 Many of the members of the FOR were accused for supporting of being pro-German because of their peace endeavours and this led even to physical assaults of the members of FOR. |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | After World War One: strengthening the international movement | After World War One: strengthening the international movement
thumb|First international gathering of International Fellowship of Reconciliation at Bilthoven, Netherlands, in 1919
After the end of war, in 1919, the deported Kees Boeke and Henry Hodgkin met in Holland, where they decided to organize the first international conference, which led to the formation of "Movement towards a Christian international" (Christian international), which later became the "International Fellowship of Reconciliation." The conference was held in Boekes house in the town of Bilthoven where 50 pacifists from ten different countries met. Many of the pacifists became straight to Bilthoven from the conference of World Alliance organized in Haag day before. In relation to the Peace Movement of World Alliance, the conferees wanted to establish organization that has its basis more in Christian socialism. Through their work they wanted to oppose the revolutionary ideas of the Communist International and offer a better solution for social justice. In their first declaration, the conferees said that they want to follow the revolutionary ideals of Christ in order to achieve a Christian revolution that is based on love and nonviolence..
The first headquarters of the Christian international was in Holland. Later, in 1923, Headquarters were moved to England, when the movements name was transformed to IFOR. This International Fellowship of Reconciliation became an umbrella organisation to which national branches of Fellowship of Reconciliation affiliated themselves as members..
IFOR first secretary was the Swiss pacifist Pierre Cérésole jailed several times for his peace witness. He established the Service Civil (International Voluntary Service for Peace), initially organizing work camps in areas torn apart by war, with volunteers from former enemy countries. Relief for the victims of war was carried out, and international conferences and meetings spread the work of peace to many other parts of the globe. Immediately after Bilthoven IFOR appointed travelling secretaries such as John Nevin Sayre, André Trocmé, Muriel Lester, Henri Rose and Percy Bartlett. They travelled carrying the Fellowship's messages around Europe, in Scandinavia, Central Europe, Poland, the Baltic States and the Balkans, giving life to several international conferences that took place between the two world wars. The first one gathered 200 delegates from 20 nations (also India, Burma and Ukraine) in Sonntagberg in Austria.. Many others followed and, in such a tense historical moment, IFOR members discussed about the necessity of disarmament and of a new role of Churches, asking clergymen to make a strong stand against the idea of "righteous wars". In 1932, the IFOR led a Youth Crusade across Europe in support of the Geneva World Disarmament Conference. Protestants and Catholics from all over converged on Geneva by various routes, reaching over 50,000 people and presenting to the Conference a petition calling for total disarmament among the nations. |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | Ambassadors of Reconciliation | Ambassadors of Reconciliation
At the end of the 1930s, given the unstable international situation, IFOR established Embassies of Reconciliation that initiated peace efforts not only in Europe but in Japan and China as well. "Ambassadors of Reconciliation", such as George Lansbury, Muriel Lester and Anne Seesholtz, visited many world leaders, including Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Leon Blum and Franklin D Roosevelt. Muriel Lester, English social worker, served as IFOR travelling secretary throughout the world, helping to establish its work in many countries. She met Mahatma Gandhi, first in London when, in 1931, he spent some time at Kingsley Hall, a community center with educational, social and recreational purposes, run by her and her sister Doris, and then in India when she went with him in Bihar on his anti-untouchability tour during 1934. When World War II broke out, travels and communications became almost impossible. In many countries IFOR members suffered persecution for publicly preaching pacifism. IFOR's members, especially in America tried by inter-church mediation to find ways of ending the war, to help conscientious objectors, and struggled against internment of Japanese Americans.. In France, IFOR members André and Magda Trocmé, with the help of the villagers of le Chambon sur Lignon, saved the lives of thousands of Jews escaping the Holocaust. In Belgium, feminist Magda Yoors Peeters defends Jewish refugees and conscientious objectors. |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | Supporting nonviolent movements around the world | Supporting nonviolent movements around the world
After the war, travelling secretaries continued their work. IFOR branches and affiliates in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East grew consistently also thanks to the work of Jean Goss and Hildegard Goss-Mayr from Paris and Vienna, three times nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. New Zealand pacifist Ormond Burton represented the IFOR in that nation. From such labors arose Servicio Paz y Justicia (SERPAJ) throughout Latin America. SERPAJ's founder Adolfo Perez Esquivel from Argentina was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1980. SERPAJ participated in the nonviolent resistance to Chile's 16-year-long military dictatorship, which culminates in free elections that restored democracy. Hildegard Goss-Mayrs' training in active nonviolence contributed significantly to the people power overthrow of the Ferdinand Marcos dictatorship in the Philippines in 1986, as well as the growth of nonviolent movements in Asia and Africa.. The Goss-Mayrs, IFOR Honorary Presidents, were central to the global spread of active nonviolence movement. |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | Members | Members
IFOR has 71 member organizations in 48 countries in all continents. |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | How IFOR works | How IFOR works |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | Decade for a Culture of Nonviolence | Decade for a Culture of Nonviolence
Since the initiation of the United Nations Decade for a Culture of Peace and Nonviolence for the Children of the World, in 2001, IFOR members have been active in working for peace education and in working to establish national coalitions to support the Decade. |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | Nonviolence education and training | Nonviolence education and training
IFOR assists groups and individuals to find ways in which they can transform conflicts into positive and growth oriented interactions that involve dialogue and lead to reconciliation. The Nonviolent Education Program aims at supporting sustainable implementation of nonviolence/nonviolent education, peace education and violence prevention in compulsory kindergarten and school education and thus consequent implementation of Children's Rights expressed in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. This is done through various presentations and training programs, as well as through the creation of resource materials and contact with trainers and resource people. |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | Youth empowerment | Youth empowerment
Thanks to the Youth Working Group, IFOR provides young people with the skills and opportunities to become active peacemakers. This is done through nonviolence and leadership training, campaigning, and through internships with IFOR branches and groups, or with the International Secretariat. |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | Interfaith cooperation | Interfaith cooperation
Religion has on occasion played a central role in fomenting conflict but can also be a source of inspiration and leadership for peace. IFOR sponsors interfaith delegations to areas of conflict and publishes material on nonviolence from different religious traditions. |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | Disarmament | Disarmament
Since its founding, IFOR has opposed war and preparations for war. IFOR members support conscientious objectors, campaign for a ban on land mines, and oppose nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction. During their annual meeting, European members from different branches of the International Fellowship of Reconciliation issued the Declaration of Prali, in occasion of the Global day of Action on Military Spending, 17 April 2012. The Peace and Constitution Committee Working Group promotes actions to raise awareness on the article 9 of the Japanese Constitution which denounces war and war-preparation activities. |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | Gender justice | Gender justice
In 2006 IFOR adopted a Gender Policy in which IFOR recognizes that there is a continuum of violence against women that must be confronted, from family violence in the private sphere to armed conflict in the public sphere. Unequal power relations between women and men are one root of violence, conflict and militarization, where women are often severely abused. Gender justice means that women and men can equally contribute to and benefit from peace building, non-violent conflict resolution and reconciliation. This gender policy recognizes that gender equality is an integral part of IFOR's fundamental values and is a core spiritual value. A transformation of the power relations between women and men is a prerequisite for a culture of peace and non-violence, and must be promoted throughout IFOR. The Women Peacemaker Program (WPP) is an IFOR program that works to ensure the possibility for women's access to peace negotiations and promotes the application of IFOR's Gender Policy.
The successful program has been institutionalized by the end of 2012. |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | International representation | International representation
IFOR maintains permanent representatives at the United Nations (UN) in New York, Geneva, Vienna and Paris (UNESCO) who regularly participate in conferences and meetings of UN bodies, providing testimony and expertise from different regional perspectives, promoting non-violent alternatives in the fields of human rights, development, and disarmament.
IFOR has observer and consultative status to the United Nations, United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and UNESCO organizations. |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | Presidents | Presidents
Al Hassler
Diana Francis (1988–1996)
Marie-Pierre Bovy (1992–1996)
Akadim Chikandamina (1996–2000)
Virginia Baron (2000–2002)
Jonathan Sisson (2002–2006)
Jan Schacke (2006–2010)
Hans Ulrich Gerber (2010–2014)
Davorka Lovrekovic (2014–2018)
Lotta Sjöström Becker (2018–2022)
Zoughbi Zoughbi (2022-present) |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | Nobel Peace Prizes | Nobel Peace Prizes
Six Nobel Peace Prize recipients are members of IFOR:
Jane Addams (1931)
Emily Greene Balch (1946)
Chief Albert Luthuli (1960)
Martin Luther King Jr. (1964)
Mairead Corrigan-Maguire (1976)
Adolfo Pérez Esquivel (1980) |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | See also | See also
International Confederation for Disarmament and Peace
List of anti-war organizations
List of peace activists |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | References | References |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | External links | External links
List of papers of John Nevin Sayre held at Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania, and Sayre's biographical details
Category:Peace organisations based in the Netherlands
Category:Christian pacifism |
International Fellowship of Reconciliation | Table of Content | Use dmy dates, History, Origins in wartime, After World War One: strengthening the international movement, Ambassadors of Reconciliation, Supporting nonviolent movements around the world, Members, How IFOR works, Decade for a Culture of Nonviolence, Nonviolence education and training, Youth empowerment, Interfaith cooperation, Disarmament, Gender justice, International representation, Presidents, Nobel Peace Prizes, See also, References, External links |
Baily (crater) | Short description | thumb|right|240px|Location of the lunar crater Baily as photographed at the McDonald Observatory
Baily is the remnant of a lunar impact crater on the boundary between Mare Frigoris to the north and Lacus Mortis to the south. The crater interior has been flooded by lava in the past, and only the northern half of the crater rim remains relatively intact. There is an outward bulge in the northeastern rim, possibly the remnant of another crater formation that once overlapped Baily. The crater interior is flat and relatively featureless, with no impacts of significance. The surviving outer rim reaches a maximum elevation of about 0.5 km.
The nearest crater of note is Bürg to the south-southwest. Further to the west is the prominent Aristoteles. |
Baily (crater) | Satellite craters | Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Baily.
Baily LatitudeLongitudeDiameterA48.6° N31.3° E16 kmB51.0° N35.1° E7 kmK51.5° N30.5° E3 km |
Baily (crater) | References | References
|
Baily (crater) | External links | External links
Category:Impact craters on the Moon |
Baily (crater) | Table of Content | Short description, Satellite craters, References, External links |
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