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Olt (river) | Table of Content | short description, Settlements, Tributaries, Dams, Gallery, See also, References |
Edna Best | Short description | Edna Clara Best (3 March 1900 – 18 September 1974) was a British actress. |
Edna Best | Early life | Early life
Born in Hove, Sussex, England, she was educated in Brighton and later studied dramatic acting under Miss Kate Rorke who was the first professor of Drama at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, London. |
Edna Best | Career | Career
Best was known on the London stage before she entered films in 1921, having made her debut at the Grand Theatre, Southampton, in Charley's Aunt in 1917. She also won a silver swimming cup as the lady swimming champion of Sussex. She appeared with husband Herbert Marshall in John Van Druten's 1931 play There's Always Juliet on both Broadway and London.
For Gainsborough Pictures, she starred in the melodramas Michael and Mary and The Faithful Heart alongside her husband. She is best remembered for her role as the mother in the original 1934 film version of Alfred Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much. Her subsequent roles were a mixture of British and Hollywood productions. Her other film credits include Intermezzo: A Love Story (1939), Swiss Family Robinson (1940), The Late George Apley and The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (both 1947), and The Iron Curtain (1948).
Best received a nomination for an Emmy Award in 1957 for her role in the Ford Star Jubilee adaptation of This Happy Breed. She had appeared on television as early as 1938 in a live production of Love from a Stranger, adapted from the Agatha Christie short story "Philomel Cottage" by Frank Vosper. |
Edna Best | Personal life | Personal life
Best was married three times and divorced twice.
Her first marriage to William Seymour Beard ended in divorce in 1928. The London Divorce Court gave Beard custody of the couple's twins (James and John Beard) in granting the divorce "owing to the misconduct of his wife, Miss Best, with Mr. Marshall." The Mr. Marshall was actor Herbert Marshall, whose divorce from Hilda Lloyd Marshall ("owing to the misconduct of her husband ... with ... Miss Edna Best") was granted in the same court session. Best later was married to Marshall from 28 November 1928 until 1940, and they had a daughter, actress Sarah Marshall. She married talent agent Nat Wolff on 7 February 1940 in Las Vegas. The judge "who granted the divorce [from Marshall] after a five-minute closed hearing, performed the marriage a few minutes later."
Best suffered a stroke in 1959. |
Edna Best | Recognition | Recognition
In 1960, Best was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame with a motion pictures star located at 6124 Hollywood Boulevard. |
Edna Best | Death | Death
She died in Geneva, Switzerland in 1974 at age 74. |
Edna Best | Filmography | Filmography
Tilly of Bloomsbury (1921) as Tilly Welwyn
A Couple of Down and Outs (1923) as Molly Roarke
Sleeping Partners (1930) as She
Loose Ends (1930) as Nina Grant
Escape (1930) as Shingled Lady
Beyond the Cities (1930) as Mary Hayes
The Calendar (1931) as Jill Panniford
Michael and Mary (1931) as Mary Rowe
The Faithful Heart (1932) as Blackie Anderway / Blackie's Daughter
The Key (1934) as Norah Kerr
The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934) as Jill Lawrence
South Riding (1938) as Sarah Burton
Prison Without Bars (1938) as Yvonne Chanel
Intermezzo (1939) as Margit Brandt
Swiss Family Robinson (1940) as Elizabeth Robinson
This Man Reuter (1940) as Ida Magnus
The Late George Apley (1947) as Catherine Apley
The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947) as Martha Huggins
The Iron Curtain (1948) as Mrs. Albert Foster |
Edna Best | Radio appearances | Radio appearances
Year Programme Episode/Source 1952 Theatre Guild on the Air Love from a Stranger 1953 Theatre Guild on the Air Jane |
Edna Best | References | References |
Edna Best | External links | External links
Edna Best tribute site
Edna Best at Theatricalia
Edna Best on BBC Radio at Genome
Category:1900 births
Category:1974 deaths
Category:English film actresses
Category:English stage actresses
Category:English radio actresses
Category:English expatriates in Switzerland
Category:Actresses from Hove
Category:20th-century English actresses
Category:English emigrants to the United States |
Edna Best | Table of Content | Short description, Early life, Career, Personal life, Recognition, Death, Filmography, Radio appearances, References, External links |
Category:The Donnas albums | Albums category | Category:Pop punk albums by American artists
Category:Hard rock albums by American artists
Category:Garage punk albums
Category:Punk revival albums
Category:Garage rock albums by American artists |
Category:The Donnas albums | Table of Content | Albums category |
Körös | short description |
The Körös () or Criș () (German: Kreisch) is a river in eastern Hungary and western Romania. Its length is from the confluence of its two source rivers Fehér-Körös (Crișul Alb) and Fekete-Körös (Crișul Negru) to its outflow into the Tisza. Its drainage basin area is .Analysis of the Tisza River Basin 2007, IPCDR It has three source rivers, all with their origin in the Apuseni Mountains in Transylvania, Romania: Crișul Alb (Fehér-Körös), Crișul Negru (Fekete-Körös) and Crișul Repede (Sebes-Körös). The confluence of the rivers Fehér-Körös (Crișul Alb) and Fekete-Körös (Crișul Negru) is near the town Gyula. The Körös downstream from Gyula is also called the Kettős-Körös (Hungarian for "double Körös"). 37.3 km further downstream, near Gyomaendrőd, the Sebes-Körös (Crișul Repede) joins the Körös/Criș. The section downstream from Gyomaendrőd is also called the Hármas-Körös (Hungarian for "triple Körös"). The Körös flows into the Tisza River near Csongrád.
It was known in antiquity as the "Chrysus", Crisus, Crisia, Grisia, or Gerasus. |
Körös | References | References
thumb|left|Abandoned ship on the Körös, 1988
Category:Rivers of Hungary
Category:International rivers of Europe |
Körös | Table of Content | short description, References |
Luxury tax | short description | A luxury tax is a tax on luxury goods: products not considered essential. A luxury tax may be modeled after a sales tax or VAT, charged as a percentage on all items of particular classes, except that it mainly directly affects the wealthy because the wealthy are the most likely to buy luxuries such as expensive cars, jewelry, etc. It may also be applied only to purchases over a certain amount; for instance, some U.S. states charge luxury tax on real estate transactions over a certain limit.
A luxury good may be a Veblen good, which is a type of good for which demand increases as price increases. Therefore, the effect of a luxury tax may be to increase demand for certain luxury goods. In general, however, since a luxury good has a high income elasticity of demand by definition, both the income effect and substitution effect will decrease demand sharply as the tax rises. |
Luxury tax | Theory | Theory
Luxury tax is based on the concept of positional goods, which are scarce goods whose value arises as status symbols largely from their ranking against other positional goods. This creates a zero-sum game in which the absolute amount of goods purchased is less relevant than the absolute amount of money spent on them and their relative positions. Agents competing in such a game for pure positional goods do not lose utility if some of this money is taken as tax, because their utility comes as status from the amount of money (displayed to be) spent rather than the use-value of the goods themselves. For a pure positional good, a luxury tax is the perfect form of taxation because it raises revenue without reducing the utility of those paying the tax.Ng, Yew-Kwang. 1987. “Diamonds Are a Government’s Best Friend: Burden-Free Taxes on Goods Valued for Their Values.” The American Economic Review 77 (1): 186–91. • Robert H. Frank (2008). "consumption externalities," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract. • _____ (1997). "The Frame of Reference as a Public Good," Economic Journal, 107(445), pp. 1832-1847. • _____ (2005). "Positional Externalities Cause Large and Preventable Welfare Losses," American Economic Review, 95(2), pp. 137-141 (close Bookmarks tab & press +). |
Luxury tax | History | History
In Britain, authorities taxed windows – the window tax – from 1696 to 1851.
France imposed window taxes
from 1798 to 1926.
In the United States, many states used to collect state sales-tax through the use of "luxury tax tokens", instead of calculating a percentage to be paid in cash like the modern-day practice. Tokens could be purchased from the state and then used at checkouts instead of rendering the sales tax in cash. Some tokens were copper or base metal, while some were even plastic. |
Luxury tax | By country | By country |
Luxury tax | Bulgaria | Bulgaria
A luxury tax of 10% on boats over $300,000 and aircraft over $1 million was proposed in 2010 by finance minister Simeon Djankov. Parliament approved the tax for a temporary 3-year period. |
Luxury tax | Norway | Norway
In Norway, at the beginning of the 20th century, oil-powered cars, sugar products, and chocolates were viewed as luxury goods. Today few Norwegians consider sugar or chocolate a luxury, but the luxury taxes on these goods remain. |
Luxury tax | United States | United States
In November 1991, The United States Congress enacted a luxury tax and was signed by President George H. W. Bush. The goal of the tax was to generate additional revenues to reduce the federal budget deficit. This tax was levied on material goods such as watches, expensive furs, boats, yachts, private jet planes, jewelry and expensive cars. Congress enacted a 10 percent luxury surcharge tax on boats over $100,000, cars over $30,000, aircraft over $250,000, and furs and jewelry over $10,000. The federal government estimated that it would raise $9 billion in excess revenues over the following five-year period. However, only two years after its imposition, in August 1993, at the behest of the luxury yacht industry, President Bill Clinton and Congress eliminated the "luxury tax" citing a loss in jobs. The luxury automobile tax remained in effect until 2002.
In sports, the Luxury tax is the incremental tax team owners have to pay for their teams going over the salary cap, basically a financial penalty for high-spending teams.
A common misconception is that tampons and other menstrual products are taxed as a "luxury item" because they are subject to sales tax in 30 states as of February 2021. In actuality, they are simply subject to the normal state sales tax rate in states where they are not tax exempt. Such tax exempt consumer products vary from state to state, but are usually limited to food, prescription drugs, and more rarely, clothing. |
Luxury tax | In popular culture | In popular culture
One of the squares on the Monopoly board game (U.S. edition) is labeled "luxury tax". While there is a picture of a sparkling diamond ring on the square, the only effect is that whoever lands on this square must pay $75.00 to the bank.
In the 1961 film Breakfast at Tiffany's, the salesman at Tiffany's tells Holly Golightly and Paul that the "federal tax" referring to the 10 percent luxury tax then in effect was not required on a particular item they were considering as a purchase. |
Luxury tax | See also | See also
Luxury Car Tax
Luxury tax (sports)
Positional good
Conspicuous consumption |
Luxury tax | References | References |
Luxury tax | External links | External links
Columbia Encyclopedia entry on Luxury Tax
Category:Personal taxes |
Luxury tax | Table of Content | short description, Theory, History, By country, Bulgaria, Norway, United States, In popular culture, See also, References, External links |
Monkton, Kent | Short description | Monkton is a village and civil parish in the Thanet District of Kent, England. The village is located at the south-west edge of the Isle of Thanet and is situated mainly along the B2047 road, leading off the A253 road between Canterbury and Ramsgate. The civil parish stretches south to the River Stour and northwards towards Acol.Map of civil parish The hamlet of Gore Street is included in the parish. |
Monkton, Kent | Community | Community
thumb|left|Monkton Primary School
Monkton was subject to an explosion during 2007, and was largely evacuated as a result. Kent Fire and Rescue Service said that crews were faced with "a well developed fire in a large single-storey building", which was among the largest in the village.Gas explosion in workshop blaze; BBC news, 26 November 2007. Retrieved 30 November 2011
Monkton Nature Reserve, run by the environmental charity, Thanet Countryside Trust, is situated on chalk hills to the north of the village. The reserve is set in a abandoned chalk quarry which has been reclaimed by nature. It is notable for its geology and many important habitats, a pond and rare orchids. It also houses the Thanet Astronomical Observatory and the first artificial bat cave built in the UK. Facilities include field centre with a museum, reference library, bookshop and picnic site.
Monkton Church of England Primary School is situated in the village. The school was purpose built in 1872 and was extended and modernised in 2007. It currently teaches 109 pupils from 4 to 11 years. In 2007 the school achieved an Ofsted Inspection rating of Grade 2 'Good' overall.Monkton Church of England Primary School; retrieved on 21 August 2016 |
Monkton, Kent | Church | Church
thumb|left|The parish church of St Mary Magdalene. The top stage of the tower was added in the 15th century
The 12th-century Anglican parish church is dedicated to St Mary Magdalene, and was largely rebuilt in the 15th century. This included the north porch and an extension of the tower, taking it to its current height; the north aisle was also blocked up, as well as new windows inserted. A church on the site was recorded on the Domesday survey, and the church is the smallest of the remaining seven ancient Thanet churches. The roof dates to the 15th century also. The churchyard is surrounded by stone walls, with multiple gates to enter through.Historic notes on the parishMonkton - Wantsum Benefice |
Monkton, Kent | References | References |
Monkton, Kent | External links | External links
Monkton Nature Reserve
Monkton Primary School Website
Category:Villages in Kent
Category:Civil parishes in Kent |
Monkton, Kent | Table of Content | Short description, Community, Church, References, External links |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Kavlotics | [[The Kavlotics]], [[Marty Terra]], [[Sound Reactor]] | The Kavlotics, Marty Terra, Sound Reactor
looks to be a string of self-promotion articles, created by user Martin t, who is listed as being in the group. user has also created Marty Terra (an auto-biography), Sound Reactor (another group he is a member of) and various other spellings Kavlotics, Sound reactor and has edited no other articles. Google gets one 1 google hit (their own website). clarkk 14:22, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
Delete all. Non-notable bands. Self-promotion in Wikipedia. jni 14:30, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
"sound reactor" gets a few more google hits Google and appeared as part of triple J's unearthed, but probably should have somebody else write something about them, rather than a member. clarkk 14:34, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)
Delete. Vanity. No recordings. — Gwalla | Talk 00:24, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
Delete all: Autobiography/vanity. One is not supposed to write one's own article anyway. Surely there are fans to do that, if the acts are notable. Geogre 00:25, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
This site has 8 visitors? Move to talk unless an external link to a respectable verifiable source is given in the article. anthony (see warning) 16:05, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Kavlotics | Table of Content | [[The Kavlotics]], [[Marty Terra]], [[Sound Reactor]] |
Category:Simple Plan albums | Portal | Category:Pop punk albums by Canadian artists
Category:Pop punk albums by French artists |
Category:Simple Plan albums | Table of Content | Portal |
Category:Clinical trials | Commons category | Clinical trials are used to gather statistical evidence about the effects of particular medical investigations or therapies. This category is for specific clinical trials and specific types of clinical trials. Use :Category:Clinical research for articles which are about the field but not particularly about clinical trials themselves.
Category:Clinical research
Category:Science experiments
Category:Drug development |
Category:Clinical trials | Table of Content | Commons category |
Telos | Short description | Telos (; ) is a term used by philosopher Aristotle to refer to the final cause of a natural organ or entity, or of human art. Telos is the root of the modern term teleology, the study of purposiveness or of objects with a view to their aims, purposes, or intentions. Teleology is central in Aristotle's work on plant and animal biology, and human ethics, through his theory of the four causes. Aristotle's notion that everything has a telos also gave rise to epistemology. |
Telos | In Aristotle | In Aristotle
Telos has been consistently used in the writings of Aristotle, in which the term, on several occasions, denotes 'goal'. It is considered synonymous to teleute ('end'), particularly in Aristotle's discourse about the plot-structure in Poetics. The philosopher went as far as to say that telos can encompass all forms of human activity. One can say, for instance, that the telos of warfare is victory, or the telos of business is the creation of wealth. Within this conceptualization, there are telos that are subordinate to other telos, as all activities have their own, respective goals.
For Aristotle, these subordinate telos can become the means to achieve more fundamental telos. Through this concept, for instance, the philosopher underscored the importance of politics and that all other fields are subservient to it. He explained that the telos of the blacksmith is the production of a sword, while that of the swordsman's, which uses the weapon as a tool, is to kill or incapacitate an enemy. On the other hand, the telos of these occupations are merely part of the purpose of a ruler, who must oversee the direction and well-being of a state.
Moreover, it can be understood as the "supreme end of man's endeavour"."Introduction to 'de Finabus'." Cicero: de Finibus XVII (2nd ed.). Loeb Classical Library. Harvard University Press (1931), transcribed by B. Thayer. |
Telos | ''Telos'' vs ''techne'' | Telos vs techne
Telos is associated with the concept called techne, which is the rational method involved in producing an object or accomplishing a goal or objective. In the Theuth/Thamus myth, for instance, the section covering techne referred to telos and techne together. The two methods are, however, not mutually exclusive in principle. These are demonstrated in the cases of writing and seeing, as explained by Martin Heidegger: the former is considered a form of techne, as the end product lies beyond (para) the activity of producing; whereas, in seeing, there is no remainder outside of or beyond the activity itself at the moment it is accomplished. Aristotle, for his part, simply designated sophia (also referred to as the arete or excellence of philosophical reflection) as the consummation or the final cause (telos) of techne. Heidegger attempted to explain the Aristotelian conceptualization outlined in the Nicomachean Ethics, where the eidosthe soul of the makerwas treated as the arche of the thing made (ergon). In this analogy, the telos constitutes the arche but in a certain degree not at the disposition of techne. |
Telos | In modern philosophy | In modern philosophy
The notion of purpose, or telos, has formed the foundation of cybernetics, and is now part of the modern analysis of social media platforms as intelligent social machines.
Action theory also makes essential use of teleological vocabulary. From Donald Davidson's perspective, an action is just something an agent does with an intentioni.e., looking forward to some end to be achieved by the action. Action is considered just a step that is necessary to fulfill human telos, as it leads to habits.
According to the Marxist perspective, historical change is dictated by socio-economic structures (or "laws"), which are simultaneously preconditions and limitations of the realization of the telos of the class struggle. |
Telos | See also | See also
Conatus
Dysteleology
Metaphysics
Plato
Polytely
Teleological argument
Teleonomy |
Telos | References | References |
Telos | External links | External links
Teleological Notions in Biology, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Alexander, Victoria N. Narrative Telos: The Ordering Tendencies of Chance. Dactyl Foundation.
Category:Action (philosophy)
Category:Aristotelianism
Category:Concepts in ancient Greek metaphysics
Category:Concepts in social philosophy
Category:Philosophy of Aristotle
Category:Teleology |
Telos | Table of Content | Short description, In Aristotle, ''Telos'' vs ''techne'', In modern philosophy, See also, References, External links |
Parry (crater) | Short description | __NOTOC__
Parry is a lunar impact crater that is attached to the southeast rim of the walled plain Fra Mauro. It was named after British explorer William Parry. Attached to the west and southwest rim of Parry is the crater Bonpland. Due south of Parry is the small crater Tolansky, and farther to the south-southwest is Guericke.
The rim of Parry is heavily worn and slightly distorted due to the co-joined formations. The wall is the most prominent along the northwest, and crossed along the southwest by the small Parry B. The floor has been flooded by lava, and is relatively flat. At the midpoint is a pair of small craters.
A rille system, called the Rimae Parry, crosses the region in a series of graben. One rille crosses the southeast rim of Parry in a northeast direction before crossing the east rim and continuing a short distance across the surrounding mare. Another extends from Tolansky crater across the west side of Parry and into Fra Mauro crater. One other crosses the north rim of Bonpland crater and into Fra Mauro where it intersects with another rille. |
Parry (crater) | Satellite craters | Satellite craters
thumb|upright=1.1|Parry (top center) from Apollo 16
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Parry.
Parry LatitudeLongitudeDiameterB8.9° S13.0° W1 kmC6.8° S12.7° W3 kmD7.9° S15.7° W3 kmE8.3° S16.3° W6 kmF7.6° S14.7° W4 kmL6.3° S14.7° W7 kmM8.9° S14.5° W26 km
The following craters have been renamed by the IAU.
Parry A — See Tolansky (crater). |
Parry (crater) | References | References |
Parry (crater) | External links | External links
Parry at The Moon Wiki
Rimae Parry at The Moon Wiki
Category:Impact craters on the Moon |
Parry (crater) | Table of Content | Short description, Satellite craters, References, External links |
Zadonshchina | short description | Zadonshchina (; could be translated as "the region beyond the Don River") is a Russian literary monument of the late 14th century, which tells of the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380. |
Zadonshchina | The text | The text |
Zadonshchina | Redactions and the Prototext | Redactions and the Prototext
Zadonshina exists in 2 redactions:
Short redaction in one extant copy from Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery (KB) copied by the monk Efrosin (Russian: Ефросин). Possibly he himself abridged the tale; The second part of the battle is not described in this version. This is the oldest extant copy. It dates back to the end of the 15th century.
Expanded redaction in three major extant and two incomplete copies. The major copies are: the Synodal copy, Undolsky’s copy and the copy of the State History Museum (Museum). Undolsky’s copy and the Museum copy stem from the same prototext. Undolsky’s copy is the most complete, however this one as well as all others have many mistakes, pointing at the insufficient understanding of the text by the copiers.
It is not clear what the original text was. Some scholars assert that the extant copies do not all go back to the same prototext.Памятники Куликовского цикла / Гл. ред. Б. А. Рыбаков; ред. В. А. Кучкин. Спб.: Русско-Балтийский информационный центр БЛИЦ, 1998. Many publications of Zadonshchina were composed by adding up excerpts from different copies. |
Zadonshchina | Date of creation | Date of creation
Some Russian historians, including Mikhail Tikhomirov, believe that Zadonshchina was written between 1383 and 1393.Tihomirov, M.N. Drevnyaya Moskva. Moscow, 1992. Some manuscripts mention that 160 years had passed since the Battle of the Kalka River, which happened in 1223. At the same time, there is a mention of a Bulgarian city Tyrnov (contemporary Veliko Tarnovo), which in 1393 was taken by the Turks and could not be mentioned as Orthodox until the 19th century. |
Zadonshchina | Authorship | Authorship
One of the hypotheses is that the author of Zadonshchina was a certain Sofonii (Russian: Софоний) from Ryazan’. His name as the author of the text is mentioned in the KB copy and in the Synodal copy. Sofonii was probably one of the courtsmen of Volodimir Ondreevich, a cousin of Dmitry Ivanovich, the protagonist of Zadonshchina.
Soviet/Russian textological research has shown that Sofonii is alluded to in all other copies of Zadonshchina as an author of a preceding work about the Battle of Kulikovo and hence is not the author of the text in question, but rather of a prototext on this subject, and that the actual author of Zadonshchina used that text in creating his work.Dmitrieva, R. P. (1979). "Byl li Sofonij rjazanec avtorom Zadonsciny?" Trudy Otdela Drevnerusskoi Literatury. |
Zadonshchina | Composition | Composition
The text can poetically and thematically be divided into 3 parts:
introduction (references to the past, historical background)
“lament” (gathering of the hosts, 1st battle and the defeat, wives lamenting their fallen husbands)
“praise” (second battle and praise to the princes) |
Zadonshchina | Contents and message | Contents and message
Zadonshchina presents a detailed description of the Battle of Kulikovo against the Tatars led by Mamai. The leader of the Muscovy hosts was prince Dmitry Ivanovich (entered in history as Dmitry Donskoy, Дмитрий Донской). The story propagates the importance of the unification of Russian principalities in order to defeat the common enemy – the Golden Horde. This epic also reflects the rise of the Moscow principality and stresses that the Muscovy princes were successors to the Kievan princes. It also crafted a proto-national myth about the need for unification against foreign enemies: "Let us lay down our lives for the Russian land and the Christian faith". |
Zadonshchina | ''Zadonshchina'' and ''The Tale of Igor's Campaign'' | Zadonshchina and The Tale of Igor's Campaign
A French Slavist André Mazon and later a Soviet/Russian historian A. A. Zimin proposed that, The Tale of Igor's Campaign was written based on poetic images and ideas from Zadonshchina. They proposed that The Tale of Igor's Campaign was not an Old Russian text, but an 18th-century forgery.Zimin, A. A. (2006). Chapter I, Chapter II. Slovo o polku Igoreve. S.-Peterburg, "Dmitrii Bulanin" Indeed, the view of the Igor' Tale as a late forgery certainly implies that it is imitation of Zadonshchina, as the two texts are undoubtedly related. This approach is criticized by linguists, notably Roman Jakobson and Andrey Zaliznyak who show that the language of the Igor's Tale is far more archaic, and that the passages in Zadonshchina allegedly borrowed from the Tale differ from the rest of the work by linguistic criteria (whereas in the Tale no such distinction can be drawn). |
Zadonshchina | Translation | Translation
The English translation can be found in Medieval Russia's Epics, Chronicles and Tales by S. Zenskovsky (New York: Meridian, 1974). |
Zadonshchina | Other sources on the Battle of Kulikovo | Other sources on the Battle of Kulikovo
1. Chronicles (Simeonovskaya, Novgorodskaya, Sofiyskaya)
2. The Word of Mamay's Defeat (Russian: Сказание о Мамаевом побоище, Skazaniie o Mamaevom poboishche)
3. The Word on the Life and Death of Dmitry Ivanovich (Слово о житии и преставлении Дмитрия Ивановича, Slovo o zhitii i o prestavlenii Dmitriia Ivanovicha) |
Zadonshchina | References | References |
Zadonshchina | External links | External links
Zadonshchina in contemporary Russian translation
Zadonshchina in Old Russian
Category:Medieval Russian literature
Category:14th-century books
Category:Epic poems
Category:Cyrillic manuscripts |
Zadonshchina | Table of Content | short description, The text, Redactions and the Prototext, Date of creation, Authorship, Composition, Contents and message, ''Zadonshchina'' and ''The Tale of Igor's Campaign'', Translation, Other sources on the Battle of Kulikovo, References, External links |
Greatest Hits '93–'03 | Infobox album
| Greatest Hits '93–'03 is the first compilation album by 311. It was released on June 8, 2004, on Volcano Entertainment. |
Greatest Hits '93–'03 | Track listing | Track listing |
Greatest Hits '93–'03 | Personnel | Personnel
311
Nick Hexum – vocals, guitar
SA Martinez – vocals, DJ
Chad Sexton – drums
Tim Mahoney – guitar
P-Nut – bass
Technical personnel
Joe Gastwirt – mixing , mastering
David Kahne – mixing
Eddy Offord – mixing
Jack Joseph Puig – mixing
Scotch Ralston – mixing
Ron Saint Germain – mixing
Chad Sexton – mixing |
Greatest Hits '93–'03 | Chart performance | Chart performance
Chart (2004)Peakposition |
Greatest Hits '93–'03 | Certifications | Certifications |
Greatest Hits '93–'03 | References | References
Category:2004 greatest hits albums
Category:Albums produced by David Kahne
Category:Albums produced by Eddy Offord
Category:311 (band) compilation albums
Category:Volcano Entertainment compilation albums |
Greatest Hits '93–'03 | Table of Content | Infobox album
, Track listing, Personnel, Chart performance, Certifications, References |
Joseph-Alfred Serret | Short description | Joseph-Alfred Serret (; August 30, 1819 – March 2, 1885) was a French mathematician who was born in Paris, France, and died in Versailles, France. |
Joseph-Alfred Serret | See also | See also
Frenet–Serret formulas |
Joseph-Alfred Serret | Books by J.-A. Serret | Books by J.-A. Serret
Traité de trigonométrie (Gautier-Villars, 1880)
Cours de calcul differentiel et integral t. 1 (Gauthier-Villars, 1900)
Cours de calcul differentiel et integral t. 2 (Gauthier-Villars, 1900)
Cours d'algèbre supérieure. Tome I (Gauthier-Villars, 1877)
Cours d'algèbre supérieure. Tome II (Gauthier-Villars, 1879) |
Joseph-Alfred Serret | External links | External links
Category:1819 births
Category:1885 deaths
Category:19th-century French mathematicians
Category:École Polytechnique alumni
Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Category:Differential geometers |
Joseph-Alfred Serret | Table of Content | Short description, See also, Books by J.-A. Serret, External links |
Martin, Kent | Short description | Martin is a hamlet north-east of Dover in the county of Kent in England. The nearby village of Martin Mill is situated on the railway between Dover and Deal. The population of the village is included in the civil parish of Langdon.
It has a pub, The Lantern (refurbished in 2016), that is the main focal point. East Langdon Cricket Club has its base in Martin. |
Martin, Kent | References | References |
Martin, Kent | External links | External links
Category:Hamlets in Kent |
Martin, Kent | Table of Content | Short description, References, External links |
Lincolnshire Wolds | short description | The Lincolnshire Wolds which also includes the Lincolnshire Wolds National Landscape are a range of low hills in the county of Lincolnshire, England which runs roughly parallel with the North Sea coast, from the Humber Estuary just west of the town of Barton-upon-Humber in North Lincolnshire down in a south easterly direction towards the flat Lincolnshire Fens in the south-east of the county as far south as the East Lindsey village of East Keal. The Wolds form the highest land in eastern England between Yorkshire and Kent.Ordnance Survey maps: and also are a designated National Landscape although the area which is covered by this designation does not cover the entirety of the general area that makes up the Lincolnshire Wolds as a whole. |
Lincolnshire Wolds | Geology | Geology
The Wolds are formed largely from a series of pure marine limestones formed during the Cretaceous period, known collectively as the Chalk Group. The chalk overlies a series of other sedimentary strata of late Jurassic/early Cretaceous age. The strata dip gently to the east and form a scarp which runs southeast from Barton upon Humber via Caistor before it loses its identity north of Spilsby. To the north of the Humber Gap, the same formations continue as the Yorkshire Wolds. The rock succession in stratigraphic order i.e. youngest/uppermost first, is this:
White Chalk Subgroup
Burnham Chalk formation
Welton Chalk Formation
Grey Chalk Subgroup
Ferriby Chalk Formation
Hunstanton Chalk Formation
The thin Hunstanton Chalk and the Ferriby Chalk formations form much of the west facing Wolds scarp but it is the overlying Welton Chalk Formation which forms the greater part of the easterly dip-slopes with the Ferriby Chalk extensively exposed within the dry dip-slope valleys. The Burnham Chalk Formation forms an indistinct secondary scarp to the east of the main scarp between Barton and Louth. In the north between South Ferriby and Grasby, the lower part of the scarp is formed from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation. A series of other rock layers intervene from the Caistor area southwards, uppermost of which are the green-brown Carstones:
Lower/early Cretaceous
Carstone Formation (sandstone)
Roach Formation (interbedded mudstone and limestone) (present from Stenigot southwards)
Tealby Formation (mudstone - but including the 'Tealby Limestone Member')
Claxby Ironstone Formation
Upper/late Jurassic
Spilsby Sandstone Formation
Kimmeridge Clay Formation
The numerous dry valleys cut into the dip-slope are typically floored by head, locally derived clay, silt, sand and gravel. The western valleys were created during recent glacial periods through the action of water over frozen ground whilst many in the east represent subglacial drainage. During the last ice age (Devensian), ice encroached upon the Wolds from the northeast and entered the Humber gap from the east but did not cover the Wolds, hence there is no Devensian age glacial till on these hills. However, an earlier ice age left extensive spreads of till across the central and southern areas. Sections of the main scarp, notably at Saxby All Saints and between Nettleton and Walesby have been subject to landslip. |
Lincolnshire Wolds | Geography | Geography
The Wolds comprise a series of low hills incised by characteristic dry open valleys.
thumb|View from Red Hill in August
The Lincolnshire Wolds can be divided into four distinct areas:
the main area of chalk hills in the north,
the north west scarp,
an area of ridges and valleys in the south west,
the claylands in the south east.
The Red Hill nature reserve near the village of Goulceby is notable for the unusual red colour of its soil and underlying chalk.
Wolds Top is the highest point in the whole of Lincolnshire and is marked by a trig point just north of the village of Normanby le Wold, at approximately above sea level ().
Other hills include:
Castcliffe Hill - -
Gaumer Hill - -
Hoe Hill - -
Meagram Top - -
Miles Cross Hill
Tetford Hill - -
Warden Hill - -
The Wolds provide views across the flat Fens and salt marshes of Lindsey and Holland: it is possible, from various points on the Wolds, to see all of the larger structures in the north and east of the county: the Belmont mast, Boston Stump, Grimsby Dock Tower, the Humber Bridge, Lincoln Cathedral, St James' Church in Louth (known locally as the 'Cathedral of the Wolds', though it holds only parish church status), the radar station near Normanby, Tattershall Castle and the wind turbines on the coast near Mablethorpe. |
Lincolnshire Wolds | Waterways | Waterways
NameLengthSourceSource Elevation (m)MouthMouth Elevation (m)NotesRiver BainLudford130River Witham, Dogdyke2Partly concurrent with the Horncastle Canal south of Horncastle. Great EauNorth Sea, Saltfleet Haven0River LudNorth Sea, North Coates0Also known as the Louth Navigation due to its canalisation.River LymnBelchford91North Sea, Gibraltar Point0River RaseTealby118River Ancholme, Bishopbridge6River WaringBelchford100River Bain, Horncastle28 |
Lincolnshire Wolds | Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty | Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
The Lincolnshire Wolds were designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) in 1973, and are managed as such by the Lincolnshire Wolds Countryside Service.
The Wolds AONB covers 560 square kilometres, while the Countryside Service recognises a wider Lincolnshire Wolds Character/Natural Area which incorporates the AONB and the neighbouring areas of the (geographical) Wolds to the north and south.
The Wolds AONB cuts across the council boundaries of Lincolnshire County Council, East Lindsey District Council, West Lindsey District Council and North East Lincolnshire Council. The boundaries of the AONB are marked by tourist signs incorporating stylized hills and trees, placed on roads leading into the area. |
Lincolnshire Wolds | People and places | People and places
The Wolds are sparsely populated and have a rural character. They are 'ringed' by several small market towns that lie around their edge:
Alford
Horncastle, billed on tourist signs as the "gateway to the Wolds", lies just outside the south end of the AONB
Louth
Market Rasen
Caistor
Spilsby
Many of the place-names in the Wolds indicate a strong Viking influence in the area's history. There is also an abundance of mediaeval 'lost villages' – settlements abandoned due to changes in land use, soil exhaustion and disease.
Several notable roads and paths run over the Wolds. Caistor High Street, the path of a Roman road and now the route of the B1225, runs from Caistor to Baumber near Horncastle. The ancient Bluestone Heath Road follows the course of an ancient drove road from west to east across the Wolds, and several "A" roads also run through the AONB.
The Wolds are now promoted as a tourist destination: the area's connection with Tennyson (who was born in Somersby) is being exploited, and farmers are being encouraged to diversify into the tourism industry. The roads of the Wolds are particularly popular with motorcyclists, and the area is home to Cadwell Park, one of the UK's top race circuits.
The area is also popular with walkers: the Viking Way long-distance footpath runs from Barton-upon-Humber in North Lincolnshire across the Lincolnshire Wolds and into Rutland, and there is a youth hostel in the middle of the Wolds at Woody's Top near the village of Tetford. |
Lincolnshire Wolds | References | References
Precursor to the Natural England designation |
Lincolnshire Wolds | External links | External links
Lincolnshire Wolds
Cadwell Park
Category:Hills of Lincolnshire
Category:Protected areas of Lincolnshire
Category:Natural regions of England
Category:Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in England |
Lincolnshire Wolds | Table of Content | short description, Geology, Geography, Waterways, Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, People and places, References, External links |
Martin Mill | Short description | Martin Mill is a village in east Kent, England. It takes its name from the nearby village of Martin. Martin Mill railway station is on the Dover to Deal railway line. The population of the village was, similarly to Martin, included in the civil parish of Langdon.
The windmill which gives Martin Mill its name was operating commercially until about 1923 when Sydney Hogben, the owner and former operator, removed the sails. This caused outrage in the community. The remaining structure was demolished in the 1960s. |
Martin Mill | History | History
thumb|Martin Mill railway station
The original Martin Mill railway was constructed and operated by Pearson & Son in 1897 for the construction of the Admiralty harbour. The line was laid to standard gauge from Martin Mill station and needed very little earth works until it reached the cliffs where terraces with a gradient of about 1 in 25 were cut into the cliff face to form a switch back path down to the harbour. The line was in use until completion of the harbour and eventually dismantled in 1937 after the intention of using it as a passenger line failed. |
Martin Mill | Martin Mill Military Railway | Martin Mill Military Railway
During the second world war the line was relaid again to standard gauge following the original course to a point north of Fan Bay Battery, from there two new lines where laid eastwards either side of the Dover to St Margaret's road and both terminating at St Margaret's. The northern line supplied the 14 inch Mk VII naval-type guns "Winnie" and "Pooh", and was also laid with two curved firing spurs for the 13.5" rail mounted guns "Gladiator", "Scene Shifter", and "Piece Maker".
The railway guns were 13.5 inch ex-naval guns on World War I-type mountings; "Scene Shifter" recycled the name and carriage from a former 14 inch railway gun, the other carriages were left over from a World War I 18 inch railway howitzer programme. These had a maximum elevation of 39 deg, traverse was by using the guns on a curved spur with the degrees marked along the tracks, a large arrow was mounted on the guns' bogies to line up with the marks. Recoil was absorbed by special brakes acting on the wheels. "Boche Buster", an 18-inch howitzer on a former World War I 14 inch railway gun carriage, was deployed in November 1943. Maintenance and barrel changing was carried out at the disused Stone Hall Colliery sidings Lydden.
The southernmost line had a curved firing spur close to Fan Bay. The line then continued to Wanston battery where two spurs where laid in front of the guns "Clem" and "Jane" for barrel changing. The barrels being transported by rail to Woolwich Arsenal where they were re-sleeved. There was also a short bypass loop north of the line. The line continued passing South Foreland battery to the 13.5" hypervelocity gun "Bruce" and would also have served St Margaret's Battery.
The line was entirely worked by diesel-electric shunting locomotives requisitioned from the LMS (London Midland Scottish) and SR (Southern Railway), three from the SR and six from the LMS the smoke from a steam locomotive being visible above the cliffs would have given the guns positions away. The LMS locomotives being a long way from home were on an exchange basis if a locomotive failed it was immediately replaced from LMS stock, repaired at Derby works and worked on the LMS until required again. The SR locomotives, being on home turf, were quickly repaired at Ashford works. As the locomotives shared the same English Electric diesel engines it is probable minor engine repairs for the LMS locos could be carried out at Ashford. Whilst on the MMMR the locomotives were stabled at the shed in Martin Mill station Yard.
The line was again lifted just after the end of the war. |
Martin Mill | See also | See also
Martin, Kent |
Martin Mill | References | References |
Martin Mill | External links | External links
Category:Villages in Kent |
Martin Mill | Table of Content | Short description, History, Martin Mill Military Railway, See also, References, External links |
Eat Your Face | unreferenced | Eat Your Face is the eighth album by the Huntington Beach, California punk rock band Guttermouth, released in 2004 by Epitaph Records and Volcom Entertainment. It was hailed as a "return to form" after the stylistic experimentations of 2002's Gusto, going back to the band's tried-and-true style of fast, abrasive punk rock with tongue-in-cheek humor and sarcastic lyrics. The album marked a period of transition for the band, whose founding guitarist Eric Davis had left the group early in 2004 and been replaced by Donald Horne. It was also their only album with bassist Kevin Clark, and their last with longtime drummer Ty Smith. Lyrically it retained the band’s sense of biting sarcasm and expressed dissatisfaction with the U.S. electoral system and the current state of punk rock in the mainstream, amongst other topics.
In the summer of 2004 Guttermouth embarked on the Vans Warped Tour in support of Eat Your Face. However, the band's outrageous behavior and propensity for stirring up controversy soon led to problems on the tour. Singer Mark Adkins would often openly insult other acts from onstage, and the band members mocked the anti-Republican agenda of many of the tour's performers by selling T-shirts and displaying banners that proclaimed support for President George W. Bush. After several weeks the band abruptly left the tour, causing many rumors to circulate online and in the music press as to the reasons behind their departure, some claiming that they had been ejected and others that they had been asked to leave. Eventually Adkins issued a statement admitting that the band had left the tour voluntarily, due in part to his distaste for the political atmosphere surrounding it.
Eat Your Face was released jointly by Epitaph Records and Volcom Entertainment. It would be the band's final recording for Epitaph, as they would move fully to Volcom for their next album, 2006's Shave the Planet. |
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