instruction
stringlengths 11
3.5k
| context
stringlengths 15
23.5k
| response
stringlengths 2
26k
|
|---|---|---|
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Gen. David Petraeus pleaded guilty Tuesday to one federal charge of removing and retaining classified information as part of a plea deal, court documents show. According to the documents, Petraeus admitted removing several so-called black books -- notebooks in which he kept classified and non-classified information from his tenure as the commander of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan -- and giving them to his biographer, Paula Broadwell. On November 9, 2012, he resigned from his CIA post, citing personal reasons. Petraeus allegedly provided classified intelligence to his lover, Broadwell, while he was director of the CIA. The married mother of two and former military officer was writing a book about the general at the time. During his time as commander in Afghanistan, Petraeus kept personal notes including classified information in eight 5-by-8 inch black notebooks. The classified information including identity of covert officers, war strategy, notes from diplomatic and national security meetings and security code words. David Petraeus fast facts . In August 2011, according to the court documents, Petraeus dropped off the notebooks to a house in Washington, D.C., so Broadwell could access them. He later retrieved them and brought them to his home in Arlington, Va. After Petraeus resigned in 2012 he told the government he had no classified materials in his possession. That turned out not to be true when the FBI in April 2013 conducted a search of his house and found the black notebooks in an unlocked desk drawer in a first floor study. When he was questioned by the FBI, he lied and claimed that he had never provided classified information to anyone not authorized to have it, according to the court documents. The relationship came to light during an FBI investigation into a complaint that Broadwell was allegedly sending harassing e-mails to another woman who was close to Petraeus, a U.S. official told CNN in January. Petraeus now works for New York private equity firm KKR & Co. Lawyers for Petraeus declined to comment. | Petraeus resigned as CIA chief when the affair came to light in 2012 . The general provided classified intelligence to his biographer, who was also his mistress . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A student is fundraising for children with cancer after he defied medical odds by beating a brain tumour three times. Chandos Green, a student at Chichester University, West Sussex, must still have annual MRI scans after he endured three risky surgeries merely to survive to the age of 19. And now, just months after his last operation, he is already training for the 2015 London Marathon in the hope he can raise thousands for the charity Children With Cancer UK. Survivor: Chandos Green, 19, who has battled a life-threatening tumour three times. Right shows the scar on his head from his most-recent operation to remove the tumour at Southampton General Hospital . Fighter: Despite surviving his last brush with death less than a year ago, Chichester University student Mr Green is now training to run the London Marathon this year to raise money for a cancer charity . Speaking of his latest brush with death - only averted when surgeons removed a golf ball-sized tumour - Mr Green said: 'I remember asking the surgeon if I was going to die and I broke down when I was going under the anaesthetic. 'Luckily I was fine and managed to beat the tumour once again. But the operation made me realise that life can be short.' Mr Green, from Bournemouth, Dorset, appeared to be a healthy toddler until, at the age of three, he began suffering dizzy spells and falling over unexpectedly. After his worried mother took him to see their family doctor, her son was referred to Poole hospital where specialists diagnosed a brain tumour. Brain surgeons at Southampton General Hospital were able to remove most of the tumour, but were unable to take out parts that were close to Mr Green's motor neurons - the essential circuits that connect the brain to the muscles. Mr Green remembered: 'When they discovered the tumour I was still really young but I remember being in the hospital and being confused by it all. 'I recovered quickly from the operation and managed to start school but that's when the problems started. 'Initially people didn't say anything about my scars but then people kept coming up to me and asking what happened to my head. 'They began to notice the tumour had given me a limp and I had lost movement in my left wrist.' Fighting for his life: A picture of Mr Green aged three recovering from the first of his operations to remove the tumour in his brain. It was diagnosed after he began suffering dizzy spells and falling over . Tests: Mr Green aged five. Despite the success of Mr Green's first operation, his symptoms soon returned and he was forced to undergo a second operation at the age of six to again remove his brain tumour . Recovery: Mr Green aged six, following his second operation. He remained cancer free for the next 13 years until he enrolled at Chichester University, when the familiar symptoms began to reappear . With the same symptoms reappearing just a couple of years after his first fight with the tumour, a new MRI scan showed Mr Green's tumour had regrown. Aged just six, he was once again forced to go under the surgeon's knife for a risky operation to remove the growth and save his life. Again he recovered and returned to school. But this time he fell victim to cruel classroom bullies who dubbed him 'tumour boy'. Despite the taunts, Mr Green rebuilt his life, enjoying a normal adolescence and completing his GCSEs and A-levels. But when he enrolled at Chichester to begin his degree, all-too-familiar symptoms began to return. 'I started studying social work and the beginning of it was great until I started to get headaches. 'One day when I woke up early to go on a trip and I fainted in my room and woke up three hours later. 'It was then that I realised that something wasn't right and I went to the hospital to get some checks done.' Just a day after his 19th birthday, Chandos received the devastating news he would have to battle the life-threatening disease for a third time. 'I was now old enough to fully understand what was going on and I was so scared going into the operation,' he said. Steve Clifford, a Professor of Molecular Paediatric Oncology at Newcastle University, said: 'It is possible that some brain tumours may return some time after they were first treated. 'However it is rare for a brain tumour return three times, especially when the individual's lay dormant for 12 years.' | Chandos Green survived brain surgery at three, six and 19 years old . Just months after his last brush with death, he is training for a marathon . The keen runner hopes to raise money for a children's cancer charity . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | As the man charged with ensuring the finer details of England’s attacking game are in working order, it would have been understandable to find Mike Catt in a much darker mood than he was on Tuesday. Three days after watching his team score three tries from 12 clean line breaks against Scotland, Catt bristled more at the suggestion something needs fixing than at any residual annoyance at the raft of chances that went begging at Twickenham. With 11 tries in four RBS 6 Nations games so far — and France to come on Saturday in a game that could see England break their run of three successive runners-up finishes by winning the championship — Catt believes they are not being given enough credit for a sustained intent to keep the ball in hand while others prefer to look skywards in hope. England coach Mike Catt wants England to be more ruthless when it comes to scoring points . ‘Ninety-nine per cent of the things were very good,’ said the World Cup winner turned skills coach. ‘Obviously not transferring the stuff we created into points was something we were all very frustrated with. ‘At international level, the guys have to understand you only have two or three opportunities. You might not get five or six like we had on the weekend. ‘We need to make sure we convert those into points. The players are more frustrated than anybody but we are not going to throw anything out with the bath water. It is all about us sticking to what we are doing, because it is working.’ Stuart Lancaster looks on as his England side prepares for Saturday's crucial clash with France . Northampton Saints flanker Calum Clark will want to see some action during the crucial Six Nations clash . With three wins from four games and a small points advantage over nearest challengers Ireland, it is hard to argue, even considering their no-show in Dublin. England’s build-up play was, at times, exceptional against Scotland, even if their decision-making with the try line in view bordered on the dim-witted. Stuart Lancaster names his side to face France on Thursday, when Leicester duo Geoff Parling and Tom Youngs appear certain to be in the line-up for the first time in this championship. The French made countless errors in dispatching Italy on Sunday and will have just six days to rest up for their final match, which kicks off last at 5pm and will see England knowing what is required to deliver the first notable piece of silverware of Lancaster’s reign. Jonathan Joseph and George Ford must be at their creative best to defeat a strong-tackling French midfield . England’s players watched helplessly hours after thrashing Italy as Ireland narrowly beat France in the final game last season to snatch the title from their grasp. Many believe the staggered kick-off times to suit television undermine the tournament. Catt added: ‘We don’t control it. It’s very tough because international matches are brutal. And when you are travelling a lot of the time, that can take three days out of your preparation time and recovery. It impedes you a bit.’ England will take comfort from knowing if Ireland run up a big score against Scotland to leave them needing to chase the game against France, they have stumbled upon a backline capable of cutting teams to ribbons. VIDEO Robshaw sets sights on France following Scotland win . England practice their scrummaging during the training session ahead of their upcoming physical battle . Jonathan Joseph, playing because of injuries to Manu Tuilagi and Brad Barritt at the start of the tournament, has been a revelation. He is the championship’s leading try-scorer with four in four games and, at 23, looks to the manner born. His performances at outside centre have been so good he is now regularly compared to the prince of English centres Jeremy Guscott, and the Bath three- quarter is confident of England’s chances, despite Saturday’s missed opportunities. Captain Chris Robshaw knows his side face a tough test against the French if they want to claim a crucial win . England duo Richard Wigglesworth (left) and Robshaw will be hoping they can lift the coveted trophy . ‘It was frustrating and a lot of negatives have been drawn from that game (Scotland), but as a team we created a lot,’ he said. ‘We feel we have come on massively in terms of putting defences under stress. ‘We’re happy with what we have created. Now it is just a case of doing the last bit. The easier bit is the finishing. It’s something we’ll work on. I don’t think there is any need to panic.’ VIDEO England v Scotland - extended highlights . Mike Brown, who missed games because of injury, is a vital player for England and his return is a real boost . | England can break their run of three successive runners-up finishes . They face France on Saturday and could win the championship with victory . Stuart Lancaster names his side to take on France on Thursday . Geoff Parling and Tom Youngs appear certain to be in the line-up . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | When it comes to living on Mars, there’s one major problem that will affect future astronauts: oxygen, or rather, a lack thereof. But an instrument called Moxie - the Mars Oxygen In-situ Resource Utilisation Experiment - could provide a solution. It will attempt to turn carbon dioxide on Mars into oxygen when it is taken to the red planet by a new Nasa rover in 2020 - and it could be a precursor to similar technologies on manned misisons. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is creating an instrument for Mars. Called Moxie (shown here in this illustration) it will attempt to turn the planet's carbon dioxide into oxygen. It will be taken to the red planet by a new unnamed Nasa rover in 2020 . Speaking to Business Insider, former astronaut and principle investigator for the instrument Dr Jeffrey Hoffman explained the project. ‘It will be the first time when we will actually produce oxygen on the surface of Mars,’ he said. This next-gen vehicle is the successor to the Curiosity rover, with upgraded hardware and instruments to examine Mars' rocks. The rover will assess the potential of the environment for humans to live in one day and search for signs of Martian life. It will identify and collect a collection of rock and soil samples, which it will be able to send back to Earth intact, via another spacecraft one day in the future. Dr Charles Elachi, director of Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, has previously said that collecting a rock sample and bringing it back to Earth is Nasa's top priority. Scientists are particularly interested in the samples so they can understand the hazards posed by Martian dust and demonstrate how oxygen can be created - details important to consider for human missions to Mars and the future colonisation of the planet. The rover marks the next major step in fulfilling President Obama's challenge of sending humans to Mars in the 2030s. The atmosphere of Mars is 96 per cent carbon dioxide and less than 0.2 per cent oxygen, but the team hope to convert the former into 99.6 per cent pure oxygen. To do so, it gathers carbon dioxide from its surroundings and isolates oxygen atoms, then combines them to make O2 - breathable air. On this occasion, together with the by-product of carbon monoxide, the gases will be released back into the air. But proving the technology works would have important implications for future missions - and not just for breathable air, but fuel as well. ‘Ultimately, the idea is that Nasa would send both an empty rocket and a larger version of Moxie to Mars, before a planned human mission,’ writes Jessica Orwig for Business Insider. ‘The oxygen-producing machine would take about a year and a half to fill the rocket with enough liquid oxygen for lift off. ‘Then, when astronauts arrived, they would have a rocket fueled up and ready for launch to take them home.’ Nasa’s Mars 2020 rover is a planned £1.2 billion ($1.9 billion) roving laboratory, similar to the Mars Curiosity rover currently on the planet. Moxie was selected from 58 instrument proposals from research teams around the world. If the technology can be proven, it would greatly reduce the weight of a future mission to Mars - 75 per cent of a manned Mars mission would be taken up by oxygen, or equipment carrying it. The atmosphere of Mars is 96 per cent carbon dioxide and less than 0.2 per cent oxygen, but the team hope to convert the former into 99.6 per cent pure oxygen. This could then be used for breathable air on future manned missions (illustrated) or even fuel to get them off the surface . Nasa's 2020 rover (illustrated) is the successor to the Curiosity rover, with upgraded hardware and instruments to examine Mars' rocks. The rover will assess the potential of the environment for humans to live in one day and search for signs of Martian life . | The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is creating a Mars instrument . Called Moxie it will attempt to turn the planet's carbon dioxide into oxygen . It will be taken to the red planet by a new Nasa rover in 2020 . The atmosphere of Mars is 96% carbon dioxide and less than 0.2% oxygen . Converting it could provide fuel and air for future manned missions . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The day before George Osborne delivers his budget to the nation the Lawn Tennis Association came up with its rough equivalent – the latest long term plan to revive the state of the game in Great Britain. Chief Executive Michael Downey finally unveiled his vision for the governing body, and in budgetary terms the big winner will be those people involved in marketing the sport and trying to get more people playing it. Over the next four years there will be a 50 per cent uplift in money spent on marketing, so that by 2018 around £26 million will be spent on promoting the sport of tennis in the United Kingdom. While Andy Murrayis established as one of the world's best players, problems still exist at grass roots level . Other countries will look on enviously at such a huge sum although, given the current rankings of most GB juniors, many may well comfort themselves that their stocks of elite players will be superior for years to come. Downey reaffirmed the LTA's laudable, broad policy of building the game from the bottom up by concentrating on participation and talked through a range of worthy and sensible measures to help achieve this. However, there was nothing especially original to stir the imagination or make an impact with the wider public, no 'Parks tennis revolution' or some such thing. Anyone wanting to see something more radical to improve the British game would be left disappointed. Not that Downey, the former head of Tennis Canada who was appointed 18months ago, pulled all of his punches in presenting the latest of what have hitherto been doomed long-term plans for the British game. LTA Chief Executive Michael Downey has unveiled his long term strategy to rejuvenate the game . 'Our sport is declining and some people have a problem hearing that,' he said at the start. What he was specifically referring to was the problems tennis, like most other ball sports, has with declining participation numbers. They all face a challenge from what he termed 'doorstep' sports, highly convenient and less technically demanding activities such as running, cycling, swimming and going to the gym, which can be done solo and whenever time permits. Despite the hundreds of millions gleaned from Wimbledon profits and that event's ever growing popularity, there has been an average drop of 5 per cent in adult participation over each of the past five years. The particular problem is among the 16-44 age group with numbers steady above that. Curiously he omitted to mention, until asked, that tennis is now played to a greater or lesser extent in 20,000 schools among 2.6 million children, an impressive figure that would be envied by most other sports. Among the smorgasbord of measures to improve things, there will be a drive to increase participation in parks tennis. 'I think the old LTA would have driven by the parks and straight into the clubs and schools,' he said. The LTA receives millions annually from funds generated by the Wimbledon Championships . There were other sensible ideas. With tennis participation peaking in July, there will be a concerted effort to get people to start playing earlier in the year. Clubs, volunteers and coaches will get more support (attempts at this are nothing new). In junior tennis there will, wisely, be more emphasis on team events and there will be a much-needed concentration on creating a less pressured environment at junior tournaments. The emphasis will be on creating inclusive fun and recreational competitions across the board. Downey asserted that he was looking at the 'meat and potatoes' issues, rather than eyecatching initiatives. He also pledged that the LTA would spend money 'like it's your own' (no reference here to his own £434,000 pay package). It is, clearly, expecting too much for any results to be instant, as with the efforts to improve the elite end of tennis. He was unrepentant about cuts to the performance side of the game and funding for lower ranked players, pointing out that the average entry age into the world's top 100 is 21 for men and 20 for women. Murray's victory at SW19 in 2013 spiked interest but there has been a five per cent fall in adult participation . 'If you are 27 years old and still playing Futures I don't think you are going to be a top 50 player. It's a ruthless business,' he said, reiterating the 'no compromise' message he wants to run through the elite end of the sport. While there has to be a degree of patience with his plans, they also illustrated the glacial pace of how things tend to be done at the governing body compared to what would happen in the more dynamic private sector. There are many things that have not even been considered or barely thought about. Andy Murray, for instance, is nearly 28 and there is still no clue as to how to use his profile to spread the game. (Downey presented his ideas to him in Glasgow two weeks ago and was impressed by his interest.). Downey has spoken to Murray after Britain's 3-2 Davis Cup win over USA in Glasgow . TV advertising during the summer is not on the agenda. If there is an embracing of the excellent Tennis For Free charity and its proven methods then it seems limited. The whole key issue of playing surfaces did not raise a flicker, nor did the idea of adopting foreign training base with clay courts and a better climate. No participation targets have been set. The simple idea of trying to rebrand the organisation from its anachronistic 'Lawn Tennis Association' title to something more modern is apparently a non-starter for some reason. What was presented, though, was steady and sensible enough, while not especially imaginative nor wide in scope. Like most budget speeches, the effects of its contents will not be immediately obvious. | LTA have unveiled their long term plan to get more people playing tennis . There will be 50 per cent increase in marketing budget over next four years . There has been five per cent drop in adult participation over last five years . Chief Michael Downey has spoken to Andy Murray on spreading the game . |
Can you tell me something about Stanley J. Goldberg | Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court.
Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court. He began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984. He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985.
In 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties. | Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court.
Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court.
He began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984. He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985.
In 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Los Angeles. The carpet was red. Not in memory of all the Oscar winners who walked it down the Hollywood years but for the bad blood soon to be spilt by the two greatest boxers in the world. Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao took this starry detour en route to their appointment with destiny in Las Vegas on May 2. The Academy Awards have outgrown the Nokia Theater now but this landmark still plays host to those who dream of immortality. Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao face-off at their Los Angeles press conference on Wednesday . Mayweather and Pacquiao pose ahead of trading verbal bards at the Nokia Theater in Hollywood . Mayweather makes his way to the stage to occupy the same space as Pacquiao before they take to the ring . Mayweather addresses the massive crowd assembled under the bright lights to see the fighters . Pacquiao takes his turn at the podium to say his piece ahead of the blockbuster bout . Pac-Man is all smiles as he enters the arena that once hosted the glitzy Academy Awards . Click here for all that was said as Floyd Mayweather and May Pacquiao came face-to-face for their press conference ahead of their mega-fight on May 2 in Las Vegas . Ultimate stardom can bring out the best or worst in fighting men and Pacquiao had said that it would be good for boxing if can defeat Mayweather, who he sees as bloated with arrogance by success and wealth. So the man who calls himself Money presented himself in a quiet suit and a modest demeanour, speaking with admiration of his challenger as the best pound-for-pound man in the ring. Even though he does expect to win the richest fight of all time. And although he dubs himself The Best Ever, he was full of respect for the legends who preceded him in the lighter-to-middling weight divisions. ‘When I saw Thomas Hearns versus Marvin Hagler I thought to myself there would never be a bigger fight, ever. They were great. Yet here we are today. Getting ready to make some history.’ There was no trash-talking. Floyd said of Manny: ‘It is all about the best fighting the best and Pacquiao is one of the best fighters of this era. 'He’s a great fighter. To reach where he has in the sport of boxing, to be here now, he has to be doing something right. This is part of the fascination of this fight. Mayweather and Pacquiao separate after posing on stage for the sea of cameras . Lights. Camera. Action. The scene is set for the preamble to boxing's richest-ever fight on May 2 . Pacquiao’s promoter Bob Arum (left) speaks on behalf of his star during the blockbuster promotion . Mayweather says he didn't think he'd see a bigger fight than Thomas Hearns versus Marvin Hagler. 'They were great. Yet here we are today. Getting ready to make some history.' ‘I can always figure out an opponent instantly and I will have to do it again.’ He also predicts – in addition to ‘my emerging victorious yet again’ – that this event will live up to it’s gigantic hype. He says: ‘I’m excited. He’s excited. It’s gonna be exciting. This is a fight the world can't miss. It is an unbelievable match-up . ‘Styles make fights. I’m not psychic so I can’t tell you exactly how it play out. But I can’t wait. Manny is a very interesting fighter but I’ve only seen him fight live twice in the last five years – I’m more of a football and basketball fan these days – but I will find the key to Mr Pacquiao. Just as we’ve beaten all the other top guys. 'He wants to win just the same way I want to win. But one thing I do know about any sport, when you lose its in your mind. If you’ve lost once its in your mind, if you lost twice its in your mind.' Nor does he accept the widespread perception that, with him aged 38 and Pacquiao 36 – that the fight has come five years too late. He says: ‘Everything is always in the timing. When we met each other for the first time at that basketball ball game the other night and then talked man to man in his hotel room, the time was right to make this fight. ‘We’ll see if we’re too old. I feel good. I look forward to looking good.’ Mayweather Jnr laughs for the cameras as he arrives for the press conference in Los Angeles . Pacquiao was also in a positive mood as he turned up looking sharp in a suit and tie . The 47-0 American champion is surrounded by sizeable security guards on the red carpet . Slick in shades, Pacquiao comfortably makes his way through a sea of photographers and well-wishers . Of his alleged vulnerability to southpaws, of which the Pac-Man is the prime example, Mayweather says: ‘I’m eight wins in a row against southpaws in my 47 victories to date. For me it’s business as usual.’ Pacquiao’s promoter Bob Arum questioned that: ‘When Floyd was with me Floyd Snr (his trainer and father) used to say, "No Southpaws. No Southpaws".’ Nevertheless, Mayweather denied there had ever been serious differences between himself and Arum: 'There's never been animosity. It was just that the time had come for me to be my own promoter and to gain that experience.’ While Mayweather talks of ‘just continuing to do what we’ve always done,’ Pacquaio admits he has been preparing mentally for this during the seemingly ever-lasting negotiations. He says: ‘It’s been five years and I’ve been thinking about it all that time. Running it through my mind. Now I can put all that to good use.’ Always ready to put on a show, Mayweather enjoys himself in front of the photo board . Pacquiao poses with trainer Freddie Roach, with whom he's preparing for the fight at their Hollywood base . (From left) A model, promoter Bob Arum, Pacquiao and Roach show their fists for the cameras . Ring announcers Michael Buffer (left) and Jimmy Lennon are ready to see Mayweather and Pacquiao rumble . Pacquiao draws on that to sustain his own belief that he will win: ‘I am 100 per cent confident I will win. In truth I was more worried about boxing Oscar De La Hoya – very good boxer – and Miguel Cotto and Antonio Margarito (both bigger men and very hard punchers) – than I am about this fight.’ Equally well-dressed and just as courteous, Pacquiao stressed the importance of victory not only to himself but his country, where he is an elected Congressman: ‘If you take a video camera to the Philippines on May 2 you will see that everyone in my country watching the fight – and their amazing reaction when I win.’ Pacquiao added: 'I want to let the people know that God can raise someone from nothing to something - and that is me. I came from nothing to something and I owe everything to God.' Freddie Roach, meanwhile, said: 'This is the biggest challenge of my life and I've been looking forward to this for a long time. We are in the toughest fight of our lives, we are fighting the best fighter in the world. But we are going to kick his ass.' Mayweather has demanded, as is his custom, home advantage in his adopted city of Las Vegas. Mayweather and Pacquiao were joined on stage after the press conference by pop superstar Justin Bieber . But he insists there could be ‘no better stage in the world’ for an event of this magnitude. Ever the showman-cum-salesman, he set the scene perfectly: ‘Lights, camera, action.’ Those lights, cameras – and of course the music – then turned up to dazzling glare and deafening blast as they strode down the aisle of the Theater and onto the stage for the big-sell. This rehearsed razzamataz was beamed around the world via satellite by the two giant cable TV networks in America, who are sharing the $350 million to half-billion dollar bonanza. Arum put the size of the fight into context by saying: ‘We are used to seeing events like the Olympics get this sort of attention but it rarely happens in boxing. Now Mayweather v Pacquiao will be watched by pretty much everyone in the world. These are two great fighters and what they are doing will be great for boxing.' | Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao fight on May 2 in Las Vegas . The $300million megafight will take place at the MGM Grand . Money and the Pac-Man gave only joint press conference on Wednesday . The media outing came with the expected Hollywood glitz at Nokia Theater . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester United keeper David de Gea has revealed it is unthinkable for the club to finish outside of the Champions League places for two seasons in a row. United return to domestic action at home to Aston Villa on Saturday with two wins against top four rivals Tottenham and Liverpool having given Louis van Gaal's side some breathing space behind Chelsea, Manchester City and Arsenal. Now De Gea has underlined just how important it is for United to get back in to European football's blue riband competition after spending this season in the wildnerness. Manchester United goalkeeper David de Gea (left) insists the club must qualify for the Champions League . De Gea has played an instrumental role in United's rise to the top four of the Premier League so far . 'We have to qualify for the Champions League, no matter what,' said De Gea. 'We already missed out last season, and a team like Manchester United cannot do that two years in a row.' While Van Gaal's team have struggled for consistency this season, De Gea has been outstanding yet again in goal. The Spanish international's own future remains in doubt as he only has one year left on his contract at the end of this season. The 24-year-old is currently on international duty with Spain, who play Holland on Tuesday night . De Gea is happy to have his countryman Victor Valdes (left) in the Manchester United squad with him . However, De Gea recognises how much he owes the English game for the manner in which it has enabled to improve his game in recent seasons. 'I'm a composed, calm type, which helps me in my profession,' he revealed. 'As a keeper, you need to convey a sense of calm to the rest of the team. 'But, truth be told, English football has changed me a great deal. 'I've developed a lot physically, I have greatly improved my concentration and have generally improved all aspects of my game. 'I was very young when I came here but, four years on, things are very good overall. This league really suits me, as you learn a lot here.' Valdes (right) is helping De Gea improve his game, and offers 20 years of goalkeeping experience . The former Barcelona keeper spend an incredible two decades at the Nou Camp before joining United . Since January, De Gea has been working at Old Trafford with former Spanish international Victor Valdes as his understudy. 'Victor Valdes and I work very well together – I'm very happy to be with him,' added De Gea. 'I'm learning so much from him, not just in goalkeeping terms given his immense experience, but also as a person. 'He's a very straightforward guy with a lot of character. Moreover, he's always ready to lend a hand, trying to help out with his advice, especially during games.' He arrived at Barcelona in 1995, and left in January after suffering an anterior cruciate ligament injury . Valdes argues with now-Chelsea boss Jose Mourinho after Barcelona's match against Inter Milan in 2010 . | David de Gea believes that Manchester United must make the top four . The Spanish keeper reveals that English football has improved his game . He is enjoying having countryman Victor Valdes to help him this season . Phil Neville: Man United will finish season in second place . CLICK HERE for the latest Man Utd news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Back in 2001 the former Arsenal vice-chairman David Dein took part in a BBC documentary called The Five Men Who Changed English Football. ‘I was voted to join the Arsenal board in October 1993, I still had my old business at the time and decided that I felt football was really a sleeping giant and still had a long way to go,’ he told the programme makers. ‘Particularly after spending time in the States and seeing how the Americans operated their sport, particularly American football and baseball and basketball.’ Crystal Palace thumped QPR on Saturday - Joel Ward is pictured celebrating the third goal in their 3-1 victory . Wilfried Zaha took one for the team as he clattered into the post during Palace's win over Rangers . Dein, who sold his stake in Arsenal to Uzbekistan billionaire Alisher Usmanov for £75m six years later, is regarded as a visionary. Overseas investment has become an accepted practice in the Barclays Premier League, an attractive market because the top 20 teams in English football pull in more than £3bn a season through television, commercial and gate receipts. Soon it will be the turn of the Crystal Palace board, the four men who formed CPFC2010, to convince the club’s supporters that the US dollar will enhance the club’s long-term prospects. When it comes round to your team, it certainly sharpens the senses. What are the motives behind the investment? Why now? Will they develop the stadium? Will they improve the team? What will happen if it all goes wrong? Billionaire Josh Harris is set to join the list of American owners in the Barclays Premier League . Crystal Palace owners (from left) Stephen Browett, Jeremy Hosking, Martin Long and Steve Parish with sponsor Bill Hill in the middle holding the shirt . David Dein (centre), who sold his stake in Arsenal for £75m, is regarded as a visionary . Assuming the takeover by the American billionaire Josh Harris is confirmed, the ownership constitution in the Premier League will be comprised: . United States (Arsenal, Manchester United, Liverpool, Sunderland, Aston Villa and Crystal Palace). Russia (Chelsea); United Arab Emirates (Manchester City); Switzerland (Southampton); Malaysia (QPR); Thailand (Leicester); Egypt (Hull City). Swansea, another team involved in takeover talks recently, are currently owned by a group of astute Welsh businessmen. Seven top-flight teams - Tottenham, Stoke City, West Ham, Newcastle, West Brom, Everton and Burnley - remain in English hands. Manager Alan Pardew has Palace sitting in mid-table since returning to Selhurst Park from Newcastle . There will be a good deal of Palace fans who will be sceptical about overseas investment, wondering how a club embedded in the streets of south London came to be owned by mega-wealthy Americans. Visibility is usually one of the main concerns. ‘Silent’ Stan Kroenke, who gathered a few more shares in Arsenal earlier this week, only speaks to supporters at the AGM because they put pressure on the club to hear from him. Roman Abramovich bought Chelsea in July 2003 and the fans have never once heard the Russian billionaire speak about his association with the club. They will live with it because Chelsea have won three Premier League titles, four FA Cups, three League Cups, the Champions League and Europa League since Abramovich took control. Results usually do the trick. South of the river, potential is a dirty word at Palace because people have been talking about the size of the club ever since 51,482 crammed into Selhurst Park to see them promoted to the old First Division in May 1979. Back then Raymond Bloye, a Chelsea fan who harboured ambitions to buy the west London club, was the owner and chairman of Palace. Utopia for most supporters is for the Jack Walker-type, the local boy who made his fortune in the steel industry, to walk through the door and spend his money building a team of champions. Walker lived in Jersey, presumably for tax reasons, and nobody complained about his proximity to Ewood Park when Tim Sherwood lifted the Premier League title in 1995. It worked for them. Jack Walker pumped his money into Blackburn - Alan Shearer (left) and Chris Sutton hold aloft the Premier League trophy after Rovers finished top of the pile in 1995 . At Selhurst Park, the four men who saved the club from oblivion in 2010, taking them out of administration and into the Premier League, are all mad Palace fans. Stephen Browett, one of the shareholders, admits he bought into Palace ‘to stop my Saturday afternoons being ruined’ when the club were in administration. Fan ownership, though, is not always such a success. Mark Goldberg and Simon Jordan, both Palace supporters and successive owners of the club, took them into administration on separate occasions. History is important, particularly to football supporters, but it can also stifle progress. Change has to be for the better. At Palace this means the redevelopment of the stadium, a must if the team are to compete long-term in the Premier League, investment in better players and an infrastructure off the field to cope with the increasing demands of football at that level. When the Premier League was formed in 1992, all 22 member clubs were owned by a spread of, mainly, British-based businessmen. Liverpool, champions of the old First Divison on 18 occasions, were still under the guidance of the Moores family. Redeveloping Selhurst Park is a must for Palace to compete long-term in the Premier League . Is it time for the Eagles to fly higher than ever before under new ownership? Philip Carter, who was among those who championed the idea of a breakaway league, had presided some of the greatest moments in Everton’s history. Tottenham were owned by property investor Irving Scholar; Sam Hammam, born in Lebanon and living in England, was chairman of Wimbledon. Fred Reacher had recently succeeded Maurice Roworth at Nottingham Forest. And so it went on. In those days stadiums were operating at 69.6 per cent of capacity and the combined turnover of Premier League teams was £45m. Compare that with the present-day statistics, where stadiums run at 96 per cent capacity and turnover has reached record levels, it is inevitable that Premier League teams attract overseas interest. In south London, supporting Palace is about to change forever. On that basis it’s run to catch up, or get left behind. | Crystal Palace set to be the next English club under American ownership . Billionaire Josh Harris is the man set to take over the Eagles . Only seven top-flight teams will remain in English hands . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Football stars across the country have rallied around Cheltenham striker Eliot Richards after the League Two club confirmed he has been diagnosed with testicular cancer. The 23-year-old, who has made 24 appearances for the Robins this season and played as recently as March 17, will undergo surgery early next week, with the club hopeful that their player will make a full recovery. A club statement read: 'The club will of course ensure that every assistance is offered to Eliot and his family to help them through this difficult time. Cheltenham striker Eliot Richards has been diagnosed with testicular cancer at the age of 23 . Richards played for Cheltenham as recently as March 17 and will undergo surgery early next week . Stoke goalkeeper Jack Butland is one of a number of players to tweet his support to Richards . Former England and Liverpool man Stephen Warnock also sent Richards his best wishes . 'In due course we expect Eliot to make a full recovery. In the meantime we know that all Cheltenham supporters will want to join us in wishing Eliot and his family well in the days and weeks ahead.' Stoke goalkeeper Jack Butland was one of a number of players to tweet his best wishes to Richards, writing: 'Thoughts and well wishes go out to Eliot Richards and his family.' Former England defender Stephen Warnock tweeted: 'Sad news about Eliot Richards. Wishing him a full recovery.' Cheltenham are hopeful that Richards (right) will be able to make a full recovery from cancer . Joe Thompson, a player with Bury who has battled cancer, was quick to support Richards . Cheltenham striker Richards acknowledged the messages he has received on his own Twitter account . Joe Thompson, a midfielder for Bury who has battled cancer himself, said: 'Thoughts are with @Eliot_Richards. The @tranmererovers boys tell me your a top guy, so stay positive and you'll beat it #BallsToCancer.' Richards responded to the support on his Twitter account, saying: 'Thanks for all the kind messages, staying really strong.' | Eliot Richards, 23, has been diagnosed with testicular cancer . The Cheltenham striker played as recently as March 17 for his team . Jack Butland and Stephen Warnock have tweeted support to Richards . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Everton goalkeeper Tim Howard has strongly denied the club are in danger of being relegated from the top flight of English football for the first time since 1954. Roberto Martinez’s side have one victory in 12 league games and supporters are growing impatient. They face Newcastle United at Goodison Park on Sunday, and 36-year-old Howard said: ‘I have been in England for 12 years. Everton goalkeeper Tim Howard has strongly denied the club are in danger of being relegated . Howard believes a couple of wins on the bounce is all it will take to ensure they avoid the dreaded drop . 'I get that people want to have a beer in the pub and talk about how dangerous it all is. It’s not, we get two wins on the bounce and we are straight up there. ‘Teams below us have all it to do as well. We’re not in the middle of a relegation fight.’ Meanwhile, Howard revealed that he plans to end his career at Everton: ‘I have three years left on my contract and then I’m finished,’ he said. The American goalkeeper has been in England for 12 years and has revealed he wants to end his career here . Howard still has three-years left on his contract at Goodison Park and says he will retire when it ends . | Tim Howard doesn't feel Everton are in danger of being relegated . American claims the Toffees are not in a relegation fight despite poor form . Everton face Newcastle at Goodison Park in the Premier League on Sunday . And Howard has revealed he wants to end his career playing for Everton . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roberto Martinez wants Everton’s latest European success to be a turning point in their ambition to save their faltering domestic campaign. Goals from Steven Naismith and Romelu Lukaku transformed Everton’s Europa League last 16 tie with Dynamo Kiev, giving Martinez’s side a lead to protect in Ukraine next week when it appeared they were set for another night of misery. Everton have fallen way below expectations in recent months and have only won one Barclays Premier League fixture in 2015 but Martinez is hoping they will carry the momentum from this victory into Sunday’s crucial Goodison Park fixture against Newcastle. Everton boss Roberto Martinez hopes his side can kick on in the Premier League after beating Dynamo Kiev . Oleg Gusev (right) volleyed Kiev ahead on Thursday night with a neat near post finish from a corner . Steven Naismith equalised in the first half for Everton with a curled right-footed finish . Romelu Lukaku scored the winner with a penalty on 82 minutes to give Everton a first leg 2-1 to take to Kiev . ‘It has to be a turning point,’ said Martinez. ‘Our fans know that we have got an honest group of players. When we get the tempo right and have that expression in our play, we have shown that we are a good team. ‘We need to focus on the league now and get the flow we had in our second half performance. You cannot underestimate how important it is to win in Europe. Our intensity was very pleasing. That was us at our best level. We know that we have got a good side.’ Things looked difficult when Oleg Gusev opened the scoring for Kiev, who have now failed to win in England in 12 attempts, but they struggled to contain Lukaku, who scored his seventh Europa League goal of the campaign. He echoed Martinez’s sentiments in hoping for a domestic spin-off. ‘I'm very happy with the team performance,’ said Lukaku. ‘The team reacted well after first half. We should have maybe scored three goals to be safe but they have top class players. It's up there with my best performances. Now we have to focus on the league as we are not doing too well. ‘Everyone up front was scared to have the ball and we put the defenders and the midfielders in danger, but after 20 minutes we improved. Now if we want to save the season we have to keep playing like this. We are favourites, but it will be difficult over there.’ Lukaku points to the heavens after converting his 82nd minute penalty to put Everton 2-1 ahead . | Everton beat Dynamo Kiev 2-1 in their Europa League last 16 first leg tie . Goals from Steven Naismith and Romelu Lukaku gave Toffees victory . Everton host Newcastle in the Premier League on Sunday afternoon . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Alan Stubbs has lambasted Willie Collum over the referee’s role in the goal that sealed a 2-0 win for Rangers at Easter Road. The Hibernian boss was astonished that Collum didn’t award a free-kick after Lee Wallace appeared to foul Paul Hanlon as the centre-half sought to clear. Kenny Miller seized the loose ball and, with the home defence still appealing for an infringement, cracked home an 80th-minute shot that added to Wallace’s opener. Hibernian manager Alan Stubbs speaks to the fourth official; he was unhappy with the referee's performance . Referee Willie Collum was on the end of some stick from Hibs boss Stubbs after their game against Rangers . Stubbs attempted to pick his words carefully afterwards but couldn’t disguise his anger towards Collum, who has been at the centre of numerous controversies this season. ‘Can I say no comment in case I get into any trouble?’ Stubbs opened. ‘I’ve been in management a short time. I was a player a long time. Over the years, that decision would be given 100 per cent of the time. ‘I think that’s probably the best way to describe it without me getting into trouble. ‘Not 90 per cent, not 99 per cent, 100 per cent. But a guy who has an influence over a game decided differently. Stubbs was sure that a foul on Paul Hanlon (right) would have been given '100 per cent' of the time . Stubbs (centre) watches on from the dugout as his Hibs side fell to a 2-0 defeat by Rangers . ‘When he sees it back again... well, there’s no point. He’s there to get the big calls right and he got a big call very, very wrong. ‘There was no point speaking to him afterwards. Everyone in the stadium could see it was a foul. ‘I don’t want to sit here and try to justify a decision. Only one guy can do that, but he’s protected and not allowed to talk. It spoiled the game, although obviously not from Rangers’ point of view.’ Hanlon was booked for his protests towards Collum as Rangers celebrated Miller’ s first goal since December. ‘Most of the stadium felt it was a foul,’ said the defender. ‘I thought it was but the referee thought differently. Kenny Miller (centre) celebrates after his goal gave Rangers an unassailable 2-0 lead over Hibs . Miller is mobbed by the ecstatic Rangers supporters who had made the trip to Easter Road on Saturday . ‘I read the pass, got in front of Wallace and went to clear with my right foot. I just felt like I was taken out. ‘It’s disappointing a decision like that has maybe ruined our chances of getting anything from the game. ‘I wasn’t given an explanation, he (Collum) just decided to book me for dissent even though I didn’t say much. ‘I just said it was a foul, along with everyone else who surrounded him. ‘I didn’t even think I was in his face but I think he just has to pick a player and book him.’ | Lee Wallace and Kenny Miller scored as Rangers beat Hibernian 2-0 . That result leaves Rangers three points behind Hibs with a game in hand . Hibs boss Alan Stubbs was unhappy with the referee's performance . He was astonished Collum didn't award Hibs a free-kick in the build-up . |
According to the text what are the most common symptoms of COVID-19? | The symptoms of COVID-19 are variable depending on the type of variant contracted, ranging from mild symptoms to a potentially fatal illness. Common symptoms include coughing, fever, loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia), with less common ones including headaches, nasal congestion and runny nose, muscle pain, sore throat, diarrhea, eye irritation, and toes swelling or turning purple, and in moderate to severe cases, breathing difficulties. People with the COVID-19 infection may have different symptoms, and their symptoms may change over time. Three common clusters of symptoms have been identified: one respiratory symptom cluster with cough, sputum, shortness of breath, and fever; a musculoskeletal symptom cluster with muscle and joint pain, headache, and fatigue; and a cluster of digestive symptoms with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. In people without prior ear, nose, or throat disorders, loss of taste combined with loss of smell is associated with COVID-19 and is reported in as many as 88% of symptomatic cases. | coughing, fever, loss of smell (anosmia), loss of taste (ageusia) |
Using the information in the paragraph, give me a short bulleted list of Arsenal football club's main achievements | Arsenal Football Club is an English professional football club based in Islington, London. Arsenal plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has won 13 league titles (including one unbeaten title), a record 14 FA Cups, two League Cups, 16 FA Community Shields, one European Cup Winners' Cup, and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. In terms of trophies won, it is the third-most successful club in English football.
Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join the Football League in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division, and have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1989 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position. Between 1998 and 2017, Arsenal qualified for the UEFA Champions League for nineteen consecutive seasons.
Herbert Chapman, who changed the fortunes of Arsenal forever, won the club its first silverware, and his legacy led the club to dominate the 1930s decade; Chapman, however, died of pneumonia in 1934, aged 55. He helped introduce the WM formation, floodlights, and shirt numbers; he also added the white sleeves and brighter red to the club's jersey. Arsène Wenger is the longest-serving manager and won the most trophies. He won a record seven FA Cups, and his title-winning team set an English record for the longest top-flight unbeaten league run at 49 games between 2003 and 2004, receiving the nickname The Invincibles.
In 1886, munitions workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913 the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, becoming close neighbours of Tottenham Hotspur, and creating the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the nearby Emirates Stadium. With an annual revenue of £340.3m in the 2019–20 season, Arsenal was estimated to be worth US$2.68 billion by Forbes, making it the world's eighth most valuable club, while it is one of the most followed on social media. The motto of the club has long been Victoria Concordia Crescit, Latin for "Victory Through Harmony". | * Arsenal FC have won the highest number FA Cups
* Arsenal's "Invincibles" team in the 2003 season was the only team in the premier league's history to go an entire season unbeaten
* Arsenal qualified for the UEFA champions league for 19 consecutive years |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | In-flight meals can be unappetising at the best of times so it’s always a good idea to bring along some snacks if you are going to be in the air for a while. The problem is, when you’re confined to a little seat on a fighter jet hurtling through the clouds at the speed of sound and the pilot is holding a chocolate bar, just how can you get your hands on it? Well a pilot and his navigator found the perfect way without having to take their eyes off the sky, and captured the moment on camera. The pilots appear to be part of the US Navy, judging by their helmets, but little is known about the origin of the video. The pilot lets go of the chocolate bar to allow the gravitational pull to transport it to his navigator . Holding a Snickers chocolate bar in his hand, the pilot lets go and allows the gravitational force to do the rest. Waiting with an outstretched arm, as the chocolate bar floats behind the pilot, the navigator reaches out and after a little bit of scrabbling manages to catch it in his hands. Throwing it back up in the air before catching it again the navigator waves the bar around in celebration and the pilot gives him the thumbs up in approval. Floating in the air, the chocolate begins its journey towards the navigator who waits with an outstretched hand . On its way: The navigator scrambles for the chocolate bar as it floats towards him and manages to catch it . The fact that it was uploaded to an empty Youtube account however has brought about speculation that the video is a commercial for Snickers. But it may just be a way for the two pilots to keep their identity a mystery while having some fun. Weightlessnes like this occurs when there are no external objects touching the chocolate bar and exerting a push or pull upon it. When in a state of free fall like the pilots, the only force acting upon the snack is gravity – a non-contact force. And since gravity cannot be felt without any other opposing forces, there is no sensation of it present. Success: After catching the chocolate bar the navigator celebrates and the pilot gives him the thumbs up . | The Snickers bar is released by the pilot and floats behind him . Scrabbling in the air the navigator catches it in his hand . Pilot gives him the thumbs up as a seal of approval . Believed to be US Navy pilots judging by their helmets . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A 6-year-old boy has died after being struck in the head by a bullet that came through the wall of his family's Houston-area apartment from an adjacent unit. The child was pronounced dead Thursday night after being taken by helicopter to an area hospital. Harris County sheriff's deputies say five people from a neighboring apartment were detained for questioning in the shooting. Scroll down for video . Deadly accident: A 6-year-old boy was mortally wounded in the head when someone fired a gun through a wall from an adjacent apartment in Harris County, Texas . In tears: The victim's emotional uncle is seen being comforted by the slain boy's 3-year-old brother . After the bullet hit the boy in the upper head, his mother discovered him and called authorities. According to Harris County Sheriff's Office, the boy was inside an apartment at 6301 Sierra Blanca in Harris County just before 8pm when a gun was fired in a next-door unit. Deputies said the bullet pierced the wall connecting the two apartments and struck the boy in the head. 'He was laying in the bed and the bullet hit him right on the head,' a family friend, Joel Saldanas, told Click2Houston. 'When the mom came in the room she found him there bleeding. Blood all over, he was just laying there unconscious already.' In custody: Five people, among them three minors, from a neighboring apartment were detained for questioning in the shooting . Harris County Sheriff's Deputy Gilliland is pictured talking to reporters about the shooting . Responding officers detained for questioning five suspects, among them three minors and two adult males, reported Houston Chronicle. So far, no charges have been filed in the shooting. The mortally wounded 6-year-old was airlifted by LifeFlight to Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center, where he was pronounced dead at 8.20pm. The victim's 3-year-old brother was in the bedroom at the time of the shooting but escaped unharmed. | Boy was shot in front of his 3-year-old brother in Harris County, Texas . Five people, among them three minors, were taken in for questioning . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | One plane was diverted and another delayed to avoid two Russian bombers that flew through Irish-controlled air space without warning in February, the Irish Aviation Authority (IAA) said. The disruption is believed to have occurred during the same February 18 incident in which British RAF Typhoon fighters were scrambled to escort two Russian bear bombers identified flying close to British airspace. The move was seen as a show of strength by Russia amid tensions over the conflict in Ukraine, where Prime Minister David Cameron has accused Russian President Vladimir Putin of challenging the territorial integrity of Kiev. A file picture showing a Russian bear bomber being escorted by an RAF jet. A commercial plane carrying hundreds of passengers was forced to divert after an incursion into Irish air space by two Kremlin aircraft . The Irish authority said the two Russian aircraft were flying with their transponders switched off - devices that help aircraft to be identified by air traffic control radars. The two Typhoons, armed with air-to-air missiles, were launched from RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire after the Russian bombers were spotted at 6.30pm. They were escorted as they flew south, then turned around and flew north past the Irish coast. 'One aircraft's departure from Dublin was delayed due to the activity of the Russian military aircraft in UK-controlled airspace,' the IAA said in a statement. 'The routing of one en route aircraft was changed to ensure that its track was sufficiently separated from the track of the two Russian military aircraft,' it added. Footage released on Russian TV shows the moment two RAF jets escort the Russian bomber last month . Since January last year, there have been at least 17 shows of military strength by Russia near the UK. The most serious included: . Feb 18: RAF jets scrambled after two Russian Bear bombers spotted off the coast of Cornwall, forcing a flight from Dublin to divert. Feb 15: Russian warship intercepted by Royal Navy in the English Channel. Jan 28: RAF fighters challenge two Russian bombers capable of carrying nuclear missiles south of Bournemouth. Jan 8: Defence chiefs ask for US help to hunt a suspected Russian submarine lurking off the coast of Scotland. Nov 2014: Russian flotilla on military exercise in the Channel escorted from UK waters by HMS Tyne. Nov 2014: Nato aircraft called in to hunt suspected Russian submarine off the west coast of Scotland. Oct 2014: RAF Typhoon warplanes shadow two Bears as they fly down the west coast of Britain. The diverted and delayed planes were commercial jets 'carrying hundreds of people', the Irish Examiner newspaper reported. However, the IAA sad there had been 'no safety impact to civilian traffic in Irish controlled airspace'. The aircraft did not enter Irish sovereign airspace, but flew in Irish controlled airspace within 25 nautical miles (46.3 km) of the Irish coast between 3pm GMT and 7pm GMT, according to the authority. That incident came after one of the huge Cold War-era Tu-95 planes was spotted in the skies off the coast of Bournemouth in January. British Defence Minister Michael Fallon warned that NATO needs to be ready for 'any kind of aggression from Russia' following the incident, which came after London summoned the Russian ambassador over a similar episode in January. On Tuesday, leaders of the United States, Germany, France, Britain, Italy and EU head Donald Tusk called for a 'strong reaction' from the international community to any major violation of a ceasefire in eastern Ukraine in a bid to increase pressure on Russia. Both Kiev forces and pro-Russian rebels accuse the other of continuing to mount attacks in defiance of a deal forged in a bid to end 11 months of bloodshed that has killed over 6,000 people, according to the UN. Nevertheless, violence has abated over the past week, increasing hopes the agreement could hold. The move has been seen as a show of strength by Russia amid tensions over the conflict in Ukraine, where David Cameron has accused Russian President Vladimir Putin of challenging the territorial integrity of Kiev . | One civilian jet changed course and another delayed take off from Dublin . Disruption occurred on day RAF jets intercepted bear bombers last month . Russian aircraft were flying with transponders switched off to avoid radars . Incident latest in a long line of breaches of UK territory by Kremlin forces . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Dick Advocaat has confirmed that Adam Johnson is available for selection ahead of his first game in charge at West Ham. The Sunderland winger returned to training on Wednesday after the club lifted his suspension following his arrest on March 2 on suspicion of sexual activity with a 15-year-old girl. The Black Cats took the decision to allow Johnson to return after his bail was extended to April 23. New Sunderland manager Dick Advocaat has confirmed that Adam Johnson will be available for selection . Advocaat faced the media as Sunderland boss for the first time as he bids to save them from the drop . The veteran Dutch manager admitted it was a big challenge taking over at the Stadium of Light . Advocaat has worked with the 27-year-old at the Academy of Light this week and he took part in a full-scale practice match on Thursday. And, when asked during his unveiling press conference if Johnson would play at West Ham, Advocaat said: ‘Everyone who is training is available for selection. ‘I name the squad after the final training session.’ Advocaat has inherited a side one point and one place above the drop zone. The Dutchman, however, had no reservations about taking on the task at the Stadium of Light. Johnson is available for selection after the Mackems lifted his suspension following his arrest on March 2 . ‘It’s a big challenge to take over in this position,’ said the 67-year-old, who revealed this week that he has known for a few weeks he was in line to replace Gus Poyet. ‘I was a free man after what happened in Serbia (sacked in November).‘The opportunity came and I thought, in my opinion, it was a good side and a great club – so why not? ‘In Holland we can see all of the games on TV. I know the players. We have a great stadium and great fans – with their support we should be able to stay up. Johnson rejoined his team-mates on Wednesday, followed by a full training match on Thursday . ‘I have a good feeling about the squad from the last three days.’ Advocaat has signed a nine-game deal on Wearside and is almost certain to return to Holland at the end of the season. He explained: ‘We did not discuss that (staying on). For me it’s important to do this job. What happens after is not so important.’ Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Adam Johnson returned to Sunderland training on Wednesday . Sunderland lifted the England winger's suspension after his arrest . Dick Advocaat faces his first test as Sunderland manager at Upton Park . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A young father-to-be was crushed to death after a parking barrier swung into his car, just hours after he had told his family he was expecting his first child with his girlfriend. Will Page, described as a 'car fanatic' by his family, was driving out of an industrial estate in Ilkeston in Derbyshire when a parking barrier swung into the windscreen of his van, trapping him and crushing him to death. The 22-year-old apprentice engineer had been repairing a car on the industrial estate when the accident happened on Saturday. His girlfriend Rachael Cross, and mother of their unborn child, described him as 'just amazing' and said it was a 'dream' for her partner to become a father. Will Page had been celebrating with his family the news that his girlfriend Rachael Cross (left) was pregnant with their first child, when hours later the car enthusiast was crushed to death by a parking barrier . Just hours earlier on the previous day Mr Page had been celebrating with his family after he revealed that his 21-year-old girlfriend Rachael Cross was eight weeks pregnant with their first child. She was due to have her first scan yesterday. Mr Page's father Brian said: 'One minute he was telling everyone he was having a baby and over the moon - and the next this happened. 'He loved kids and being a father was everything he wanted. Everyone said he would have been a great dad.' Mr Page frequently met up with other car fanatics at Wyvern retail park in Derby during the weekends. On Sunday evening about 90 cars took part in a procession past his Derbyshire home and beeped their horns in his honour before gathering at the retail park, writing messages to put in lanterns and releasing them into the sky. His father added: 'From front to back, the cars went on for two-and-a-half miles. I stood outside and watched them all come past. He would have been over the moon with that. Mr Page was said to be looking forward to the birth of his first child with girlfriend Rachael Cross (right) Flowers have been left at the industrial site in Ilkeston where the parking barrier (right) swung into his van . 'It was truly astounding and so emotional. It made me feel so much better because he was loved by so many. 'Will was such a happy-go-lucky child, right up to his death, forever smiling and laughing. 'He was the typical joker type of lad and would do anything to cheer people up. 'You couldn't find a better son, mate, brother or leader - he was well-thought-of by so many people.' On Monday Miss Cross posted an image of her eight week scan on Facebook and said their 'little fighter has a strong heartbeat, even after all this stress.' Miss Cross said she had paid for the private scan so that the image could be buried with her partner. She said: 'He was absolutely amazing and I just loved him so much. 'It was a complete dream for him to be a dad and obviously I'm still going to make that happen. 'He was just so happy and never put a downer on your day. I keep expecting him to walk through the door and say 'what's everyone moping about for?''' The couple met in 2013 over their mutual love of cars and have been living with Mr Page's father but saving up to buy their own home. Miss Cross added: 'He was brilliant with kids and would have been a great dad. Mr Page's father said the young apprentice engineer was a car fanatic and would have been a good father . Miss Cross shared a picture of her eight week scan on Facebook on Monday - two days after Mr Page died . 'We spoke about becoming a family one day and when he found out I was pregnant he was absolutely over the moon.' She said the last thing her boyfriend had told her was that he loved her. 'We hadn't been trying for a baby but we had talked about it,' said Miss Cross. 'Will just said if it happens it happens and when I found out I was pregnant he was delighted and it felt like it was meant to be. On the Saturday morning when the accident happened he'd left me in bed at eight o'clock while he went off to do up his car. 'His last words to me were 'love you, bye' and off he went.. That was the last time I saw him. I was having a lie in and I got a call from one of his friends at about 11am saying Will had been in an accident. 'To be honest I just laughed because he was always playing jokes on me pretending he'd cut his finger off at work and I thought it was another prank. When his friend told me he was serious I rushed down to the scene but it was too late. The paramedics were doing CPR on him but he'd passed away. The Health and Safety Executive is investigating how the parking barrier swung into Mr Page's windscreen . Flowers have been left at the scene of the accident following the young apprentice's death on Saturday . Mr Page's friends left flowers, cuddly toys (left) and a t-shirt (right) in tribute to the tragic 22-year-old . Some left bottles of cider and items to remember Mr Page (left) while others placed notes and flowers (right) 'He'd been going in and out of the industrial unit all morning. The barrier was one where you're supposed to bolt it back when you go through but Will hadn't done that. When he came out of the unit to get another part for the car a big gust of wind blew the barrier and it went straight through the windscreen. 'There was nothing anyone could do.' Mr Page had been carrying out repairs on his Peugeot 106 GTI when the accident took place. He had been in a work van and was driving out of the site when the barrier crashed through the windscreen, trapping him in the vehicle and crushing him. Firefighters, police, paramedics and the air ambulance were called to the scene, but Mr Page was pronounced dead at 11.15am. The Health and Safety Executive is investigating how the accident took place. Mr Page has two brothers - Callum, 25, and Harry, 18 - as well as 27-year-old sister Laura. His friend Lee Harris, 28, of Ilkeston, worked with him for about five years at A&D Plastics in Digby Business Park. He said: 'It is not something you expect to hear. When I found out he had been involved in an incident, I walked up there thinking he had broken his leg. You do not think the worst. Mr Page had been repairing his Peugeot 106 at the Ilkeston industrial site before the apparent freak accident . 'It was when I found out he was trapped that I realised it was bad. He was a great lad, I always got on with him and he one of those people you bond with through work. My brother Daniel was his best mate. They did everything together; fishing and holidays.' Dave Harris, who knew the apprentice through his nephew Lee and working with him at A&D Plastics, said he was often known by the nickname 'little Will.' He told the Nottingham Post: 'He was always mucking about with his cars - he was really into his cars. 'We called him little Will because he was so small until he was about 16 and then he sprouted up.' Andy Wilmott, managing director of WB Power Services where the 22-year-old worked, said: 'He was a lovely lad and everyone here is absolutely devastated. Flowers have been left by friends and relatives at the scene (left) where Mr Page (right) died on Saturday . 'He was a trustworthy guy and very infectious. He had a lot of friends here and a lot of people liked him.' A spokeswoman from the Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Rutland Air Ambulance confirmed Mr Page died at the scene after suffering chest injuries. She said: 'We are not sure how it happened. The barrier went through the windshield and crushed him.' A man who works at the garage where Will was repairing his car said: 'We're not entirely sure what's happened but he was driving out when he was hit by the barrier. 'It might have been the wind that caught the barrier and swung it into his van.' A fundraising page has been set up to raise money for Mr Page's funeral and has already raised £2,400 in his memory in just two days. | Car fanatic Will Page had just told family he was expecting his first child . Apprentice engineer went to repair a car at an industrial site in Ilkeston . When he drove out of the site a parking barrier swung into his windscreen . Barrier trapped and crushed 22-year-old to death in apparent freak accident . Partner Rachael Cross said it was a 'dream' for him to become a father . Mr Page's father Brian said: 'One minute he was telling everyone he was having a baby and over the moon - and the next this happened' Paramedics said they were not sure how accident on Saturday happened . On Sunday 90 fellow car enthusiasts drove past engineer's home in tribute . |
Given this reference text that describes the importance of tigers in chinese culture, what do they symbolize in modern China and what types were common in the northeast? | Tigers have been of great importance in Chinese culture since the earliest surviving records of Chinese history, with the character 虎 appearing on the Shang-era oracle bones. In prehistoric China, the Siberian, South China, and Bengal tigers were common in the northeast, southeast, and southwest respectively and tigers figures prominently in myth, astrology, Chinese poetry, painting, and other fields. Most prominently, the tiger has long been regarded as a major symbol of masculine yang energy and the king of the animals. In modern China, it generally represents power, fearlessness, and wrath | Tigers symbolize power, fearlessness and wrath in modern China. Bengal tigers were common in the northeast. |
What characterizes turbulent flow | In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. It is in contrast to a laminar flow, which occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between those layers. | Turbulent flow is characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)It was a sophisticated attack with sophisticated devices. Authorities quickly identified the Boston bombing suspects, but almost immediately after Tamerlan Tsarnaev was killed during the manhunt for the perpetrators and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was captured, investigators privately questioned if more people were involved. If there were others, perhaps a bomb maker is on the loose. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev told police he and his brother built the bombs, but court documents show some people involved in the case had their doubts. The bombs were described as powerful pressure-cooker explosives controlled remotely. There were fuses from Christmas lights and detonators constructed from model car parts. The twin bombings in April 2013 killed three people and wounded more than 250 others. "These relatively sophisticated devices would have been difficult for the Tsarnaevs to fabricate successfully without training or assistance from others," prosecutors wrote in a filing opposing a move by Tsarnaev's lawyer to throw out statements he made in the hospital. Two years after the attack Michael Marks, a former special agent for the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, agrees on the technical aspects of the bombs. "These were two relatively sophisticated devices that went off almost simultaneously. They had a very, very short delay," he said. "It would be my opinion that they had somebody who was more of a skilled bomb maker, an engineer if you will, assist them in saying these are the steps you need to go through and then assemble the device to make it safely and to make it function the way they want." They were the kind of bombs that need testing to make sure they work the way you expect. "There has been no evidence that the two brothers actually tested and tried out making a bomb and detonating it," CNN National Security Analyst Juliette Kayyem said. "Now it could be luck that they put this thing together, put it at the Boston Marathon finish line, and were able to detonate them so close to each other and sequentially. But it was a pretty sophisticated attack." Dzhokhar Tsarnaev told FBI agents he and his brother built the bombs following instructions from al Qaeda's Inspire magazine. No one has been publicly named as a possible co-conspirator. Investigators have focused on Tamerlan Tsarnaev's suspected ties to militants. In 2012 the older Tsarnaev spent six months in Russia. Authorities have questioned how much exposure he may have had to radicals and whether he could have received training there. There are other clues that the brothers would have needed help with the bombs. There wasn't trace evidence -- black powder from fireworks -- found in either home, their cars or anywhere associated with them, the court documents said. Also, investigators apparently were troubled that they recovered one remote-controlled detonator at the scene of the bombings when there should have been two. That suggested the other was being kept to use with other bombs. Marks said investigators didn't find circuit testers. "You want a separate circuit tester in order to test the functionality of the components without it being hooked up to the actual device, for your own safety," he said. The trial underway in Boston will center on not whether Dzhokhar Tsarnaev did it, but why he did it. The prosecution will paint a portrait of a cruel co-conspirator, an equal partner in hideous crimes. A man who planned to kill and did. But the defense will draw the accused as a boy living in the shadow of a mastermind older brother. Younger, struggling in school, abandoned by his parents. An easy victim of deep manipulation. The question of how he was influenced is essential to the case. Kayyem, who said she believes the brothers acted in tandem without outside help, said she think the defense strategy will be to create enough doubt within the jurors' minds of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's mental state leading into this. "So this idea that there might be some evil hand out there telling Dzhokhar what to do -- whether it's his brother or someone who's a bomb maker -- fits nicely into that narrative," she said. | Investigators have always wondered if more people were involved in the bombings than just the brothers . Former Navy investigator: I think "they had somebody who was more of a skilled bomb maker .. assist them" There was no evidence the brothers ever tested their bombs before using them, CNN analyst says . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Wojciech Szczesny can regain his place as Arsenal number one if he dedicates himself completely to the task, according to former double-winning goalkeeper Bob Wilson. The Poland international is expected to feature in the FA Cup quarter-final at Manchester United on Monday night, provided he recovers from the virus which stopped him from being on the bench for the midweek Barclays Premier League win at QPR. Szczesny, 24, has not started a league game since the 2-0 defeat at Southampton on New Year's Day, where he was culpable for the goals and afterwards was also caught smoking in the showers. That indiscretion resulted in a fine from the club. Wojciech Szczesny (right) has not started a game for Arsenal since Southampton on New Year's Day . The Polish shot-stopper has been ousted by David Ospina (right) but is likely to play on Monday night . Despite Colombian David Ospina making the most of his opportunities in recent weeks, Wilson, part of the Gunners' 1971 league and FA Cup-winning side, still believes 6ft 5in Szczesny has what it takes to cement a regular place between the posts once more. 'From the time Wojciech got into the Arsenal first team there were a lot who asked if he was good enough and I thought, "this boy has the potential to really be a solid, outstanding goalkeeper". I still believe that because he is - for his position - still relatively young,' Wilson said. 'All I would a say to him is "look, Arsenal is one of the greatest football clubs. If you go from here I am not sure you are ever going to get a club as good as this. At your age now you need to dedicate yourself to being the best you can be, to the exclusion of a lot of other things in your life".' Former Arsenal goalkeeper Bob Wilson says Szczesny must work hard to regain his place in the team . Ospina has made the most of his opportunity, tying down the No 1 goalkeeping position at the Emirates . Wilson recalled: 'I was a very late starter, but once I was in the Arsenal side, my family almost came second to my ambition. 'I devoted every moment to regular training and then when the boys went in for their bath, I stayed out [on the field]. 'I wanted to make sure I never ever left the game saying I could have been better, so my message to Wojciech would be "come on, prove how good you can be".' Gunners boss Arsene Wenger is confident Szczesny, who has played in Arsenal's last two FA Cup ties, will be sharp if selected again. Arsene Wenger (centre) will have a tough choice on his hands if Szczesny (right) impresses in the FA Cup . 'Wojciech is used to playing in big games and I think he will take that as a big challenge to show his quality,' the Gunners boss said. 'He works very hard in training, so I don't think that will be a problem.' Arsenal head to Old Trafford in search for a first win there since September 2006, but on the back of good league form. Wenger said: 'We are the holders of the FA Cup, this competition is important to us and we want to go there to produce a result.' | Former Arsenal goalkeeper Bob Wilson believes Wojciech Szczesny is good enough to regain his place in the Gunners' starting line-up . He says Szczesny must dedicate himself to being the best he can be . Arsenal face Manchester United in the FA Cup and Szczesny is expected to start in goal if he has recovered from a virus . Wilson says Szczesny has to prove how good he can be for Arsenal . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The SIM card that helped revolutionise the mobile industry in the early days of bulky car phones is now approaching its 25th birthday. But while the handsets they are used in have developed and evolved significantly during that time, SIMs still look the same - albeit smaller - and are still lodged inside devices. A Cambridge computer science experts believes the small microchips' days are numbered and we should be signing into our phones in the same way we log into online accounts. Dr Markus Kuhn from the University of Cambridge said the SIM (stock image) could have been replaced long ago. He believes alternatives include typing in a user identifier and password directly into a phone . 'The fact is, the SIM could have been replaced long ago with a simpler alternative: typing in a user identifier and password directly into the phone is an option - just as we do to access WiFi,' said Dr Markus Kuhn from the University of Cambridge. Or QR codes - the square, 3D barcodes - are a more convenient alternative for smartphones with cameras, where an app can read the details encoded in the QR straight from the camera. Dr Kuhn continued: 'SIM cards were a useful feature when they came onto the market in 1991. 'At the time mobile phones were bulky devices, usually mounted in cars [and] a SIM would help customers quickly and easily transfer their phone number and contacts from one phone to the next, without the need to type in long identifiers and access codes each time. Alternatively, QR codes (example pictured) are a convenient way to store and access data using a smartphone camera . 'But the days of huge or rented car phones are gone, and today smartphones are lightweight, personal devices that we entrust with passwords to many sites and services - access to WiFi, email, social networks, app stores, and online shopping.' He believes replacing SIMs with passwords or extra software would make it easier to have multiple several pay-as-you-go contracts from different providers on a single phone. They could subsequently switch to the cheapest rate depending on where they were, and apps that functioned as brokers could even negotiate which network to select based on best price automatically. Customers would also not be hindered by the complicated switching process currently used when moving phone numbers across networks. In terms of security, Dr Kuhn explained that SIM cards are also vulnerable to attack. Gemalto, the Dutch SIM card manufacturer, was reportedly the victim of an NSA and GCHQ attack for example. Although the firm said that little information was stolen, 'the reality is that SIM cards are now more of a drawback than a benefit,' added Dr Kuhn. The University of Cambridge lecturer also believes the time is right to switch from SIM cards because modern cryptographic techniques mean passwords no longer have to be very long. A Global System for Mobile (GSM) network was established in the late 1980s to create a communication standard throughout Europe. Communications. In 1991, German smart-card maker Giesecke & Devrient sold the first 300 SIM cards to Finnish operator Radiolinja. In 2014 5.2 billion SIMs (different sizes shown) were sold making them lucrative for manufacturers . SIM stands for subscriber identity module, which is the name of the integrated circuits found in the chips. Phone numbers and other files can be added to these chips too. These modules store data that lets a phone identify who, and which device, it belongs to and connects it to the network. Each card has a serial number as well as network information, and users can remove the card from one phone and install it in a new one without registering the device. The first SIMs were credit card-sized but has become smaller in recent years. In particular, many new handsets take micro-SIMs and Apple devices use nano-SIMs. The next level is embedded SIMs that can be attached directly to circuit boards. Dr Kuhn said SIM cards were a useful feature when mobile phones were mounted in cars (pictured) and customers wanted to transfer contacts from one phone to the next. But as phones have become more mobile, he believes the technology is outdated and should be replaced with a modern alternative . Password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE) techniques exist that use passwords as a five-digit PIN to create highly secure encrypted connections that even the supercomputers of eavesdropping intelligence agencies can't break. Meanwhile, app stores use modern authentication technique and these could be used to easily transfer all the functionality of a SIM into the phone using an app. 'All that’s needed is a new standard interface for mobile operating systems such as Android or iOS that would allow software to take over the functions of the SIM, said Dr Kuhn. 'Technically, a mobile network login is no more challenging than similar applications such as payment wallets, online banking, digital rights managed content, and so on.' But he recognises that operators prefer the SIM model because they can lock customers to their network, preventing easy access to competitors. Plus, in 2014 5.2 billion SIM cards were sold, making it a lucrative business for manufacturers. 'Manufacturers are understandably against anything that would eliminate their business. Modern SIMs are tiny, difficult to access, and easy to lose once taken out of the phone. 'In fact many users may not even know how to find or remove theirs, because it was inserted for them when they bought the phone. 'This inconvenience allows providers to charge high roaming fees when customers use their phone abroad, when using a local operator would be cheaper.' | Dr Markus Kuhn said the SIM could have been replaced a long time ago . He believes one alternative could be typing in a user identifier and password directly into a phone - like we do with Wi-Fi networks . Or details could be encoded in QR codes photographed by a phone camera . The University of Cambridge lecturer also believes the time is right to switch because of recent advances in cryptographic techniques . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Daniel Vettori says it's 'pretty obvious' he'll play his last one-day international for New Zealand in Sunday's Cricket World Cup final. Vettori flew from Melbourne with his team-mates on Wednesday to prepare for the final against the winner of Thursday's match between Australia and India in Sydney. He will play his 295th one-dayer for New Zealand at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on Sunday, 18 years and four days since he played his first. Vettori made his debut for New Zealand against Sri Lanka in 1997, aged 18. He has since taken 305 wickets and scored more than 2,200 one-day runs and will retire, aged 36, as New Zealand's most-capped player. Daniel Vettori said it is 'pretty obvious' he will retire after Sunday's World Cup final in Melbourne . Vettori poses for a picture on arrival at Melbourne Airport on Wednesday with the New Zealand team . Vettori said 'it's not what I'm thinking about. It's about enjoying the game, enjoying the build-up to a World Cup final.' New Zealand booked their place in the MCG showpiece with a thrilling four-wicket victory over South Africa at Eden Park in Auckland. The co-hosts have won all eight matches so far in the tournament on their way to the final. Former New Zealand captain Stephen Fleming heaped praise on current incumbent Brendon McCullum for leading the Kiwis into their first ever World Cup final. The Black Caps had on six previous occasions reached the last four, including twice under Fleming, but never made the final. Vettori and Grant Elliott steered New Zealand to a thrilling final over, four-wicket victory over South Africa . Fleming, one of New Zealand's most successful captains, knows the setbacks his country have endured in the global tournament and admitted his incredulity at their feat in his column on the International Cricket Council's website. He said: 'There is a dream-like euphoria mixed with a pinch-me feeling of disbelief throughout the country, given the Black Caps' success in winning their way through to Melbourne and Sunday's final has finally smashed that World Cup glass ceiling by banishing all the years of semi-final heartaches. 'As a captain who suffered two of those heartaches, in 1999 and 2007, to see a New Zealand side playing with the freedom and quality that Brendon McCullum and his players are producing certainly warms the heart.' New Zealand captain Brendan McCullum arrives at Melbourne Airport on Wednesday . Ross Taylor was all smiles at Melbourne Airport as New Zealand arrived for the World Cup final . Tim Southee signs an autograph for a spectator at Melbourne Airport after a flight from New Zealand . Fleming, who played 111 Tests and 280 one-day internationals, knows their supporters will be outnumbered, whoever triumphs in the second semi-final, but hopes they can reproduce the form that has got them this far. 'It will be a tough one to negotiate,' he added. 'Either way, New Zealand will know they will face a crowd in which their own supporters will be in the minority by quite some margin. 'I am not sure it matters who McCullum's men end up playing because either opponent at this stage of the tournament will be top-notch. 'But the quality the Black Caps have produced has been exceptional time and time again in this tournament and I just hope they can do it once more on Sunday. 'And if they do then that is one dream I would happily never wake up from.' | Daniel Vettori says it is 'pretty obvious' he'll play his last ODI on Sunday . The 36-year-old will play his 295th ODI for New Zealand in Melbourne . New Zealand arrive in Melbourne ahead of World Cup final . Blackcaps will face Australia or India in final at the MCG . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A mother fatally shot her wheelchair-bound teenage daughter before turning the gun on herself in an alleged murder-suicide. Police were alerted to the incident after the woman's boyfriend, 35, returned home from work and found both her and her 16-year-old daughter dead around 10.30pm on Friday. A note written by the mother, 36, - named by neighbors Sarah Cieslikowski - was found by police at the house in Bonney Lake, Washington. Tragedy: Sarah Cieslikowski (left and right) allegedly shot dead her 16-year-old daughter before taking her own life on Friday . A mother fatally shot her wheelchair-bound teenage daughter before turning the gun on herself in an alleged murder-suicide at their house on this road in Bonney Lake, Washington, on Friday . Patsy Warner, a neighbour, said that she often heard the two arguing in the garden when the school bus arrived but could not believe what had happened. 'I can't comprehend it. I just can't,' she told King 5 News. 'Even though she was a handful, I'm sure, I can't comprehend that.' Ed Troyer, Pierce County sheriff's spokesman, said that although the police investigation was ongoing a murder-suicide was likely. He said: 'There's nothing to tell us any different at this point.' The mother and daughter's names have not been released officially - but counsellors will be available for students and staff at the nearby Bonney Lake High School. The mother and daughter's names have not been released - but counsellors will be available for students and staff at the nearby Bonney Lake High School (entrance pictured above) For confidential support on suicide matters call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline on 1-800-273-8255 or see www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org for details. | Mother's boyfriend found two bodies after returning from work on Friday . Named by neighbors as Sarah Cieslikowski . Note written by Cieslikowski, of Bonney Lake, Washington, discovered by cops . One neighbour said she used to hear the family arguing outside . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Actress Taraji P. Henson is apologizing for claiming her son was racially profiled during a traffic stop in Southern California last year. The Glendale Police Department released dash cam video of the encounter Friday, which contradicted her son's claims. Police released the footage after Henson commented about the alleged profiling in an Uptown Magazine interview published last month. In her interview, the star of the hit television show "Empire" said her son, Marcell Johnson, 20, was racially profiled in Glendale and at the University of Southern California, where she accused campus police of stopping him for "having his hands in his pockets." After her son's claim, she vowed to send him to Howard University in Washington instead. "I'm not paying $50K so I can't sleep at night wondering is this the night my son is getting racially profiled on campus," she said. Even the University of Southern California stepped in, with its public safety director, John Thomas, saying he was disturbed by the report of the profiling, and was investigating it further. "We encourage reporting of allegations of bias and I hope for the opportunity to have a conversation with the young man and his mother," Thomas said. But Henson retracted her accusations Friday, and publicly apologized to the Glendale Police Department. "A mother's job is not easy and neither is a police officer's," she said in a post on Instagram. "Sometimes as humans we overreact without gathering all of the facts. As a mother in this case I overreacted and for that I apologize. Thank you to that officer for being kind to my son." Police Chief Robert Castro said his agency researched the traffic stop after her comments to the magazine. The incident started when a Glendale officer pulled over Johnson in October for failing to yield to a pedestrian at a cross walk. During the traffic stop, Johnson admitted to having marijuana, an infraction and Ritalin without a prescription, a felony, according to Castro. He consented to a search of the vehicle, and officers found marijuana, honey oil (concentrated marijuana), a marijuana grinder and a knife, Castro said. Johnson was not driving while impaired and was only cited for possession of marijuana, he said. "Misinformation that was reported in the story in Uptown Magazine with Taraji P. Henson impairs and weakens the relationships between law enforcement and the communities," Castro said. The Glendale Police Department said Friday it appreciated Henson's apology and is sharing it with its officers. | Glendale authorities release dash cam video of the encounter . It contradicts her son's claims . |
Extract the date and place of birth for Henning Bertil Stjernfelt from the passage provided. | Lieutenant Colonel Henning Bertil Stjernfelt was a Swedish Army officer and military historian. He wrote several books about World War II and the Swedish coastal defence. Stjernfelt was also a part of the formation of the Swedish Coastal Rangers in 1956. Stjernfelt was born on 24 July 1917 in Gustavi Parish, Gothenburg and Bohus County, Sweden, the son of Henning Stjernfelt, a dentist, and his wife Ruth (née Magnusson). He passed studentexamen at Norra Latin in Stockholm in 1937. | Henning Bertil Stjernfelt was born on 24 July 1917 in Gustavi Parish, Gothenburg and Bohus County, Sweden. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Blackpool have signed winger Michael Jacobs from Wolves on loan until the end of the season. The 23-year-old has made just four starts this season and has not appeared for Wolves since the start of December. Attacking midfielder Michael Jacobs, 23, can play on either flank or behind the striker . Jacobs was a key part of the Wolves side that won the League One title last season after joining from Derby, initially on loan, in November 2013. He made his name at Northampton, coming through the club's academy to make 100 appearances before Derby swooped in 2012. | Jacobs lost his first-team place at Molineux in December . Blackpool bottom of the Championship table and 17 points from safety . |
What is the capital of Telangana? | Telangana (/ˌtɛlənˈɡɑːnə/ (listen); Telugu: [ˈtelaŋɡaːɳa], Urdu: [ˈtɪləŋɡɑːna] (listen)) is a state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the eleventh-largest state and the twelfth-most populated state in India with a geographical area of 112,077 km2 (43,273 sq mi) and 35,193,978 residents as per 2011 census. On 2 June 2014, the area was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed state of Telangana, with Hyderabad as its capital. Its other major cities include Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam, Karimnagar and Ramagundam. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north, Chhattisgarh to the northeast, Karnataka to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south. The terrain of Telangana consists mostly of the Deccan Plateau with dense forests covering an area of 27,292 km2 (10,538 sq mi). As of 2019, the state of Telangana is divided into 33 districts. | Hyderabad |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Greens Senator, Sarah Hanson-Young has mocked her haters in a video she posted to YouTube showing her reading out abuse from her harshest online trolls. Not a stranger to public criticism, the senator read out some of the most insulting tweets in a Youtube video titled 'Pleasantries with Sarah Hanson-Young: Part One.' The video shows Hanson-Young attempting to stay collected with a straight face, but lets out a raucous laugh at her third encounter with the word 'cow.' SCROLL DOWN FOR VIDEO . Greens Senator Sarah Hanson-Young had read out harsh tweets from online trolls, in a bid to mock them . She attempts to remain composed and keep a straight face, but breaks into laughter at being called a 'cow' 'I could eat a can of Alphabet soup and crap more sense than she makes,' reads one of the harsh tweets . The tweets, Facebook statuses and anonymous personal messages mock her physical appearance, gender and alleged incompetence. 'Your brain seems to be in sync with your surname; It has a split in the middle,' one of the tweets said. 'Head like a busted sand shoe and a brain to match' read another. The Senator's lighthearted approach to these trolls mirrors Jimmy Kimmel's segment on his talk show titled 'mean tweets.' His segment shows celebrities read out insulting tweets about themselves, resulting in their uncontrollable laughter or vacant expressions. Twitter's directory of public-policy, Julie Inman-Grant says that users cannot engage in repeated harassment and issue violent threats . The Senator's approach to these trolls mirrors Jimmy Kimmel's segment on his show called 'mean tweets' The video, titled 'Pleasantries with Sarah Hanson-Young Part 1' alludes there is more to come from the Senator . According to The Advertiser, the tweets and messages breach Twitter's terms of use that are in place to lessen negativity directed at other users. Twitter's directory of public-policy, Julie Inman-Grant says that users cannot engage in repeated harassment and issue violent threats. 'We have announced a number of improvements to user controls to help people protect themselves,' she said. This has come after an incident in 2013 that saw the Senator's head photoshopped onto the body of a nearly naked model for ZOO Magazine. She won the defamation case, claiming she was made to look incompetent and immature. The Senator's YouTube video has hinted at more to come with the title alluding to a sequel to 'Part One.' | Greens Senator Sarah Hanson-Young has read out her tweets in a video . The tweets and messages from online trolls harshly insult the Senator . She tries to stay composed but breaks into laughter at being called a 'Cow' The video mirrors Jimmy Kimmel's 'mean tweet' segment on his show . Sarah sued ZOO magazine in 2013 for placing her head on a model's body . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | After being knocked out of the Champions League, Chelsea have just 11 games left this campaign with all eyes geared towards the Premier League title. Although five points clear, some chinks in Jose Mourinho's side's armour were bared for the world to see on Wednesday. Here, Sportsmail lays out five things the Portuguese manager must do to end the season in style. Rediscover the attacking flow . Anyone watching the limp defensive display against Paris Saint-Germain would find it hard to remember, but for the first half of the season, Chelsea were breathtaking. The creative hub of Eden Hazard, Oscar and Cesc Fabregas, the fearsome Diego Costa in full, free-scoring behemoth mode up front, glued together with the tireless Nemanja Matic and a rock-solid back four. Chelsea need to rediscover the attacking form that saw Eden Hazard as the league's best creative force . Diego Costa nets Chelsea's third in a demolition at Swansea that showcased the side's attacking brilliance . Take the departed Andre Schurrle’s goal at Burnley in the season opener, Fabregas’s strike at Crystal Palace, any of the five netted at Swansea… it seemed the Blues had finally meshed typical Mourinho steel with the beautiful attacking craved by Roman Abramovich. Mar 15 - Southampton (H) Mar 22 - Hull (A) Apr 04 - Stoke (H) Apr 12 - QPR (A) Apr 18 - Manchester United (H) Apr 26 - Arsenal (A) Apr 29 - Leicester City (A) May 02 - Crystal Palace (H) May 16 - West Brom (A) May 24 - Sunderland (H) In recent weeks, however, Mourinho has reverted to defensive type – to the side’s downfall against 10-man PSG. With a host of winnable games left among the remaining Premier League matches, putting a few teams to the sword in style would do wonders for confidence in the home straight. Use the whole squad . Mourinho has used just 22 players in the league this season – fewer than any other team. The boss would point to being five points clear at the division’s summit as justification, but the stars of the side being tired out leads to displays like Wednesday’s. Felipe Luis and Loic Remy must have envisaged getting more playing time when moving to Stamford Bridge in the summer, while Juan Cuadrado would hope to have made more of an impact in his two months. The likes of Oscar and Fabregas, in particular, have been noticeably poorer as the season has progressed. Use of the whole squad is key at the top level, and something Mourinho has mastered at all his previous clubs. If he doesn’t trust the players below the first XI, expect changes this summer. While he has less games left than he would have liked, Mourinho must utilise everyone at his disposal to keep the side fresh in the run-in. Loic Remy may be wondering why he has had so little game-time since arriving at Stamford Bridge . Juan Cuadrado has found chances hard to come by since arriving in January from Fiorentina . Give Petr Cech a proper swansong . Thibaut Courtois can be Chelsea’s goalkeeper for the next decade. One of the most highly-rated keepers in Europe, his extended loan at Atletico Madrid prepared him for a long career in London. It would follow that we are in the final moments of Petr Cech’s sublime stewardship between the posts. However, the distinction between first and second choice has become far more blurred as the season has progressed. Thibaut Courtois has started to struggle to deal with crosses whipped into the box, leading to goals conceded . Courtois, while one of the world’s finest shot-stoppers, has had trouble claiming crosses and showing authority in the box. Against PSG, he pulled off a terrific stop only to fail to come for the resulting corner. He has time to develop into the role. For now, however, Mourinho must reinstall Cech as undisputed No 1. He has performed in every big game when called upon this season, knows what it takes to win the league, and has the experience required to guide the defence through the last 11 fixtures. Petr Cech has impressed whenever called into the No 1 role after manning the Chelsea gloves for 10 years . Cech (left) knows what it takes to win the title at Chelsea, here celebrating in 2005 with his team-mates . Reclaim the midfield… by giving Fabregas a rest . When Fabregas left Barcelona in the summer, the Catalan club’s official website bemoaned his performances tailing off in the second half of the season. While this may have been a little facetious, his maiden campaign at Stamford Bridge would appear to prove them correct. The midfielder has been poor since the turn of the year, at least. Cesc Fabregas, battling Marco Verratti, has not been firing on all cylinders since Christmas . Particularly in upcoming fixtures against Manchester United, Liverpool and Arsenal, Mourinho could do with the frenetic presence of Ramires, a repositioned Kurt Zouma or even the young Nathan Ake to add more physical and defensive presence in midfield. Chelsea’s midfield, with the Spaniard at the helm, completely failed to make the extra man count against PSG. Unless Fabregas can prove he is as useful in central midfield against a top side as he is while carving up Swansea or Schalke, he may lose the manager’s faith when it comes to the crunch. Cut out the madness . Every back page in the country on Thursday morning showed Chelsea players surrounding the referee before being dumped out of Europe. It wasn’t the first time Blues fans woke up to see their team being discussed for the wrong reasons this season. Chelsea players surround the referee before Zlatan Ibrahimovic was sent off during the hot-tempered affair . Branislav Ivanovic, Gary Cahill and Diego Costa have all sparked nationwide debates with on-pitch antics, while Mourinho’s famed siege mentality has manifested itself in fairly ugly ways as the campaign has progressed. In these remaining 11 matches, Chelsea need to do what they do best – win, with minimum fuss. On form they’re the best team in the country by some distance, so they need to remove the histrionics and resume being plastered over the papers for the right reasons. Diego Costa has been more noticeable for his physical play and histrionics than his goalscoring ability . | Chelsea have reverted to defensive type in recent weeks . The Blues have used just 22 players this season in the Premier League . Petr Cech and Thibaut Courtois have been vying for the No 1 shirt . Mourinho's side have come under criticism for their on-pitch conduct . READ: Chelsea have lost leads 10 times this season. This needs fixing . CLICK HERE for all the latest Chelsea news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The saying 'just when you think something is idiot proof they invent a new idiot' was proven again this week when a man set fire to his car after using a cigarette lighter to see while filling it with a jerry can. In the early hours of Sunday morning a man from Sunshine in Victoria ran out of fuel about one kilometre east of Ararat on the Western Highway. He went on foot to a local petrol station to get a jerry can but could not see what he was doing when he returned to the car. Cars have gone up in flames for a variety of reasons, but setting one on fire because the person was using a cigarette lighter to see while filling it with a jerry can has to be the worst one yet . ABC reports that Acting Inspector Brendan Broadbent said the man lost all common sense when trying to find a solution to the problem. ‘Because there was no light he's actually, in the process of pouring fuel into his vehicle, he's used his lighter to light up the area so he could see,’ he said. Police said the man abandoned common sense in the search for a solution to filling his car with the jerry can in the dark . ‘Subsequently the fumes have ignited and the vehicle's caught on fire.’ The rear of the car was burnt but Acting Inspector Broadbent said the man was lucky to escape without injury. ‘That could have been far worse.’ | A man from Sunshine in Victoria ran out of fuel on the Western Highway . He went on foot to a local service station to get a jerry can of petrol . It was dark so he used the cigarette lighter to see what he was doing . The rear of the car was burnt but the man escaped without injury . |
Extract the teams that Bob Sanders played throughout his career, and put them in a comma-separated list. | Demond "Bob" Sanders (born February 24, 1981) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons. He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes and was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the second round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He was named NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 2007 and also played for the San Diego Chargers in his final season in 2011.
Sanders was nicknamed "The Sandman" because of his hard hits and tackles, and was also called "The Eraser" by former Colts' coach Tony Dungy because of his tendency to erase the mistakes of his teammates. He spent the majority of his career battling injuries, having played more than six games in a single season only twice, in 2005 and 2007. | Iowa Hawkeyes, Indianapolis Colts, San Diego Chargers |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Danny Welbeck may have scored the goal that put his former club out of the FA Cup, but he was not the only former Old Trafford star who was on target on Monday night. On an evening where Manchester United lacked creativity and firepower, three players they have let go in recent years scored around Europe to win their side crucial matches. To add to Arsenal striker Welbeck's triumphant Old Trafford return, on loan winger Nani - deemed surplus to requirements by Louis van Gaal - and French midfielder Paul Pogba scored for their clubs. Danny Welbeck slots home the winning goal after rounding David de Gea at Old Trafford on Monday . Welbeck celebrated passionately after scoring the goal that knocked Manchester United out of the FA Cup . Welbeck was one of three former United players who netted vital goals on the same evening . Pogba, who was allowed to leave United by Sir Alex Ferguson in 2012 after failing to sign a contract with the club, scored a stunning volley from the edge of the box to give Juventus a 1-0 win over Sassuolo. The 82nd-minute goal put the 'Old Lady' 11 points clear at the top of Serie A, and keeps them on course for a fourth straight title. In Portugal it was Nani - still technically a United player - who popped up for the winning goal for Sporting Lisbon in their 3-2 win over Panafiel. Paul Pogba unleashes a superb 82nd minute volley which won Juventus the game against Sassuolo . The Frenchman used to be at United, but was allowed to leave after playing just three league games . Pogba has become a vital part of a Juventus side on course to win yet another Italian title this season . Van Gaal has reportedly not spoken to the Portuguese winger since he was allowed to leave Old Trafford, but Nani showed he still has the quality to make the difference when it matters. Down to ten men, Sporting had let a two-goal lead slip before Nani arrived to score a diving header and secure all three points against the Portuguese league's bottom side. The win keeps Nani's side in the hunt to qualify for next season's Champions League, something Van Gaal's United look increasingly unlikely to do. But none of those will hurt as much as Danny Welbeck's strike on Monday night, which was not only another winner from an ex-United player, but also against his former club. Nani celebrates after scoring the winner for 10-man Sporting Lisbon in a 3-2 win over Penafiel . The Portuguese winger was allowed to leave on loan after Louis van Gaal decided he was not needed . Unlike the Frenchman Pogba or the Portuguese Nani, Welbeck is a product of United's academy. But after Van Gaal deemed him not good enough for Old Trafford - preferring expensive flop Radamel Falcao to warm the subs bench - the 24-year-old proved he can still score at the Theatre of Dreams. On Monday, United could have done with the composure, bravery and quality shown by Welbeck, Nani and Pogba - but all three had been allowed to leave. All three players were allowed to leave Old Trafford, and have done well elsewhere since moving . | Danny Welbeck scored the winner for Arsenal against Manchester United . Paul Pogba and Nani also both netted winners for their clubs on Monday . All three players were allowed to leave United and have done well since . READ: Man Utd haven't beaten a side in the current top half of the Premier League since December . READ: Manchester United are playing Hackney Marshes football . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
The Coquerel's coua species was named after who? | Coquerel's coua (Coua coquereli) is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It was named in 1867 by the French naturalist Alfred Grandidier in honor of the French navy surgeon and naturalist Charles Coquerel. Coquerel's coua is approximately 40 cm (16 in) in length and has a large blue patch of bare skin around the eye, a characteristic of the Coua genus that is similar to African turacos. The plumage is silky, the crown is black, the upper parts and tail are light brown or greyish-brown, and the lower breast and belly is suffused with red. The iris is red and the beak and legs are slaty grey. As a member of the cuckoo family, it has a reversible third toe and resembles the coucal in its method of scrambling through tangled bushes and lianas while searching for food. Observations indicate that it can climb about 10 m (30 ft) above the ground. | The Coquerel's coua species was named after the French navy surgeon and naturalist Charles Coquerel. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The firm behind a mock documentary shown on the BBC last night about the ‘disaster’ of a world without the European Union received EU funding, it has emerged. The Great European Disaster Movie, a 75-minute film screened on BBC4, presented an apocalyptic vision of what would happen if the EU broke apart and warned that it would have ‘catastrophic consequences for all of us’. It imagined an army of Islamic State terrorists advancing on Vienna, Spain cutting off all routes to Gibraltar and the Prime Minister of ‘Great England’ – Nigel Farage –sending all immigrants home. Scroll down for video . Apocalyptic vision: Angus Deayton in the The Great European Disaster Movie on BBC4 . It also imagined that the far-Right leader Marine Le Pen was the president of France and had declared a state of emergency. But last night it emerged that the production company that made it had received EU funding to translate the film and dub it into different languages, so it can be shown in various member states. Eurosceptic MPs accused the BBC of showing ‘EU propaganda’. Brian Binley, a Tory backbencher, said: ‘I think it’s disgraceful. Here is the EU Commission propagating itself throughout Europe. That is simply unacceptable. It is not a governing institution’s job to use taxpayers’ money to perpetuate itself. It is not the job of the commissioners who run the EU budget to perpetrate their vision.’ The 75-minute film presented an apocalyptic vision of what would happen if the EU (pictured at the EU leaders at the 2014 Wales Nato Summit_ were to fall apart . The film, presented by journalist Bill Emmott, starred comedian Angus Deayton as an archaeologist explaining the single currency to a young girl on an aeroplane heading for Berlin, after the collapse of the EU and the abolition of the euro. Mr Deayton laid out – with ‘flashbacks’ to 2014 – the reasons for the EU break-up. The film’s production company, Springshot Productions, said it was depicting ‘a Europe that is sleepwalking towards disaster’, and claimed the film showed that the EU was ‘well worth saving’. It created ‘a unique, choral portrait of the European dream and how it could be lost forever’. Director Annalisa Piras, an Italian journalist, said it would be shown on a ‘Europe-wide tour’ of universities. But Ukip MP Mark Reckless, who appeared in a panel discussion with Mr Emmott after last night’s programme, said he had confirmed EU funding was used to make the film. Mr Reckless said: ‘I asked him if he had received any EU money for it when we appeared on the panel together, and he said they had – for translation into different languages. Political monopoly: The film imagined an army of Islamic State terrorists advancing on Vienna, Spain cutting off all routes to Gibraltar and the Prime Minister of ‘Great England’ – Nigel Farage –sending all immigrants home . ‘I thought he might be a bit sheepish but he admitted it to me quite openly. I think he also put in some of his own money and they had other sources of funding for other elements of the film.’ Last night on Twitter, Mr Emmott said the production company had received ‘EU top-up for language versions’. He said the BBC itself had not received any money from the EU for this programme. However, it has previously been reported that the BBC has received some £22million over a seven-year period from the EU’s communications budget. A BBC spokesman said: ‘No EU money was used in the making of the programme being aired on the BBC. Impartiality is of paramount importance for the BBC. This fictional programme reflects the author’s vision.’ | The Great European Disaster Movie showed a vision of future if EU ended . It warned a break up would have ‘catastrophic consequences for all of us’ But it emerged the production company had received EU funding for film . Funds will be used to translate it to be shown in various member states . |
Who is the director of "Who Killed Hanna Jane?" | Who Killed Hannah Jane? is a 1984 Australian television film about the murder conviction of Arthur Peden directed by Peter Fisk and starring Graham Rouse, June Salter, Judi Farr, Edward Howell, and Barry Otto. It was the third of four telemovies called Verdict produced by the ABC dramatising real cases (the others being The Dean Case, The Amorous Dentist, and The Schippan Mystery) | Peter Fisk is the director of the film. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Still the sweetheart: Dame Vera will be central to the festivities . Dame Vera Lynn is to play a central role in a long weekend of spectacular celebrations to mark the 70th anniversary of VE Day. The wartime singer – who will be 98 on Friday – is to be included in events to commemorate seven decades since the end of the Second World War in Europe on May 8. Ministers will today announce a three-day spectacular, including wartime-themed parties, the lighting of a chain of beacons, a veterans’ parade, an RAF fly-past and a 1940s-themed celebrity pop concert. Government sources said they were ‘pulling out all the stops’ for the commemorations – which start the day after the Election – because it is likely to be the last major anniversary to fall during the lifetime of Second World War participants. Although now too frail to travel to the events, Dame Vera – the Forces’ Sweetheart – will be consulted over the arrangements and is likely to provide either a written tribute statement or video message. Under the plans, a service of remembrance will be held at The Cenotaph on VE Day itself, including a two-minute silence at 3pm marking the moment Winston Churchill announced the end of the war. Schools will hold VE Day-themed assemblies or tea parties, and during the evening a chain of over 100 flaming beacons will be lit across the UK. On Saturday May 9, cathedrals will ring their bells in celebration and a 1940s-themed concert will be held at London’s Horse Guards Parade. The concert, to be broadcast live on BBC1, is expected to feature many of the stars who appeared in a similar 60th anniversary VE Day concert, such as the singers Katie Melua and Katherine Jenkins. May 10 will be marked by a service of thanksgiving at Westminster Abbey, followed by a veterans’ parade which will pass along Whitehall and under the HM Treasury balcony where Churchill appeared before VE Day crowds. Couples celebrate VE Day - which marked the formal conclusion of Hitler's war - in Trafalgar Square in 1945 . A reception for 2,000 veterans will be hosted by the Royal British Legion in St James’s Park, coinciding with a fly-past by a Hurricane, Spitfire and Lancaster. Dame Vera boosted the troops’ morale by performing songs including We’ll Meet Again and The White Cliffs of Dover at concerts in Egypt, India and Burma. Last night, she said: ‘I am sorry I will not be able to celebrate the 70th anniversary of VE Day in London in person, but my thoughts are with all who take part. We must always remember those who fought and all those who gave their lives on our behalf.’ A Downing Street source said: ‘Everyone wants Dame Vera to be involved if possible.’ | Wartime sweetheart will join events to mark 70th anniversary of VE Day . We'll Meet Again singer likely to offer written statement or video message . Ministers will pledge to 'pull out all the stops' for the three-day spectacular . Event will include RAF fly-past, veterans' parade and a 1940s pop concert . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | How on earth has Arsene Wenger escaped criticism for yet another failure in Europe? They won on the night – fine. They went out on away goals – sure, it couldn't have been closer. But they lost to Monaco – arguably the worst side to make it through the group stage. Aaron Ramsey's goal against Monaco was not enough to prevent Arsenal going out of the Champions League . Arsenal players look dejected after losing the 3-1 at home to the French side in the first leg of the last-16 tie . Monaco defender Aymen Abdennour celebrates his team's shock victory at the Emirates last month . Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger appears to have escaped criticism for yet another failure in Europe . Failing to win the group has been Wenger's massive error in recent seasons. That's why they've faced the European giants early and failed to make the quarter-finals. And yet again, despite being in a group with two no-hopers – Galatasaray and Anderlecht, and a Borussia Dortmund side that spent the first half of the season hovering in and around the relegation zone in the Bundesliga – Arsenal failed to top their group. But they got that stroke of luck everyone says you need if you are going to win the Champions League. They were paired with Monaco, a team defensively sound but offensively weak. I'm going to keep this simple: Arsenal have better players than Monaco. So surely an experienced manager, well versed in French football and Champions League football, especially familiar with his opponents – a club he once managed – with a squad featuring two arguably world-class players in Mesut Ozil and Alexis Sanchez, not even Wenger could mess this one up? Wenger failed even with world-class talent like Mesut Ozil (pictured) and Alexis Sanchez in his Arsenal side . Arsenal boss Wenger looks on and sinks into his seat during Arsenal's shock defeat by Monaco . Monaco are effective, but they are a basic side. In other words, it shouldn't take a tactical genius to work out how to beat them. They got into the Champions League thanks to the quality of James Rodriguez and Radamel Falcao (before his injury), but they have since lost those star players. And yet Wenger failed to do this. For the fifth season running Arsenal failed to make the quarter-finals of the Champions League. Damage done in the first leg, and Per Mertesacker said their mentality wasn't right. Therefore the manager has to take the blame for sending his players out with the wrong mentality. Last season, Mertesacker said Arsenal 'gave 10 per cent less mentally' when they were beaten by Napoli to miss out on top spot in the group. Wenger culpable for not preparing his players properly yet again. His preparation of his own team is poor. His ability to out-coach opponents is poor. And still there are people who think he is the right man to manage Arsenal. Some even have the audacity to cling on to that well-worn myth that he had every right not to win big trophies while Arsenal paid for the stadium. Hard to believe gullible Gooners fell for that one. The income and assets from day one at the new stadium meant Arsenal could always compete. Unfortunately Wenger misjudged the impact of Financial Fair Play, another mistake he made. The case for Wenger's defence is getting weaker and weaker. Per Mertesacker admitted Arsenal's mentality wasn't right as Arsenal failed to reach the quarter-finals . Sure, three other English clubs failed in the Champions League this season. Manchester City might change their manager because of it. That's a man who won the title last season. Chelsea know that they have a manager who has already won the Champions League twice before, so his track record is proven. But we all know that if he persistently fails to get to the quarter-finals of the Champions League, Mourinho won't last at the Bridge. And at Liverpool Brendan Rodgers went into his first ever Champions League campaign shorn of Luis Suarez and the injured Daniel Sturridge. He was a rookie and he made big mistakes. Wenger is making equally huge mistakes despite all his years of European experience. So many people are sitting around wringing their hands about why English clubs fail in Europe. No wonder we fail when a club as huge as Arsenal trusts a proven European failure with its Champions League ambitions, and then does nothing when he fails time after time. Manchester City were eliminated from the Champions League by Barcelona and could now change their boss . David Luiz celebrates scoring for PSG against Chelsea while Blues boss Jose Mourinho shows his frustration . He's the only manager to reach three different European finals and lose them all – Cup Winners' Cup with Monaco, UEFA Cup and Champions League with Arsenal. Wenger's 17 straight seasons in the Champions League are an embarrassment when you consider he has only reached one final, and two semi-finals in that time. Is there anyone else who could do better? There really are people stupid enough to ask that question. If you want a young manager who will be bold and brave in the face of bigger-spending more illustrious opponents then go for the youthful energy of Diego Simeone or Jurgen Klopp. Both have won domestic titles in recent seasons when they could have done what Wenger does every year and wave the white flag because he can't handle what he calls the 'financial doping' of the likes of Man City and Chelsea. If you want proven winners, then Wenger's £8m-a-year salary will surely tempt the quality of Pep Guardiola or Carlo Ancelotti. Wenger's £8m-a-year salary would surely tempt Carlo Ancelotti (left) and Pep Guardiola to north London . Why is it that a juggernaut of a club like Arsenal sticks with a manager who regularly fails when it comes to the big moments? Are they content to miss out? Finishing second wasn't good enough for Thierry Henry, remember? So he left the stinking, sinking ship to go and finish first with Barcelona. That was a long, long time ago of course, but still the fallen Emirates empire remains ruined. The failure to win the Champions League will always be a huge scabby wart on Wenger's record. But Wenger isn't bigger than Arsenal. He is replaceable. He's guilty of failing in Europe with Arsenal and making a massive contribution to the diminishing reputation of English clubs in European competition. Being knocked out by Monaco should be the final straw for Wenger. It would be for any other manager of one of Europe's elite clubs. | Arsene Wenger failed in Europe as Arsenal were beaten by Monaco . The Gunners have not progressed past the last 16 in five seasons . Arsenal had also failed to top their Champions League group . Wenger has world-class players but messed up against the French side . Pep Guardiola and Carlo Ancelotti could be tempted by Wenger's salary . READ: Adrian Durham on Steven Gerrard's shattered legacy at Liverpool . CLICK HERE for all the latest Arsenal news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Six months ago this week Omar received a panicked phone call from his friend and fellow student. "I was in my dormitory writing a paper and a friend called me in desperation from a bus. He said they were being shot by police," Omar explained. He has not heard from his friend since. Omar is a student at the Raúl Isidro Burgos Rural Teacher Training College of Ayotzinapa, in Guerrero state. His friend is one of 43 students who were subjected to enforced disappearance in September of 2014. As the days and weeks passed, the Mexican authorities stalled and obfuscated. Despite worldwide attention on the issue, they have, for months, failed to properly investigate all lines of the case, especially the worrying allegations of complicity by armed forces. In January, I traveled to the Ayotzinapa college. There, in the college hall, surrounded by murals of Mexico's revolutionary leaders, I met the families of the disappeared students. For the past six months, mothers, fathers, sisters and brothers, as well as other relatives and community members, have been campaigning relentlessly, demanding answers from the authorities about what happened to their loved ones. It was an emotional and difficult meeting; there were tears of sadness and disappointment. Mothers and fathers spoke of counting the seconds since they last saw their sons, and expressed frustration at how they and their boys have been portrayed as troublemakers by the authorities and the media. These are people who have lived in poverty, whose communities have been historically abandoned by the state; for many, their missing son was the first of their families to go to school. Now, so many hopes and dreams have been shattered. I have witnessed all kinds of human tragedies, but there can be few things as painful as the torment of not knowing where a loved one is. The past months have been a roller-coaster for these families, and all of us who support and accompany their struggles. But a constant factor has been the Mexican government's failure to respond effectively and address these grave human rights violations. A prime example of this is how, on November 7, 2014, the authorities announced that human remains had been uncovered in a rubbish dump and a nearby river in Cocula, and the then-attorney general Jesús Murillo Karam announced weeks later that he was prepared to close the case. According to the prosecutor, he was satisfied that the findings of his office's investigation were sufficient proof of what happened. However, only one of the missing students has been identified through DNA tests. Other human remains are still being tested, and it seems that the whole investigation so far has been based only on the testimonies of three gang members. You don't have to be attorney general to know that this is far from conclusive proof. But amidst the sadness of the families I met, there was a calm and steely resolve. These 43 mothers and fathers have decided they cannot accept the silence or half-answers they have been given by the government, instead they are demanding the truth. One father explained to me how the horror of that day has transformed them all from peasant farmers to detectives and campaigners. If the authorities won't push for proper investigations, then they will. They have been campaigning vocally for the truth ever since. The tragic reality is that these 43 students were only the most recent we have heard of in a long line of the disappeared. According to official figures, 24,748 people have disappeared or gone missing in Mexico since 2007, and almost half of them during the current administration of President Peña Nieto. Fortunately the international community has stepped up. Recently the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights established a Group of Independent Experts to review the official investigation into the enforced disappearance of the students. In February, the United Nations' Committee on Enforced Disappearances produced recommendations on how to deal with disappearances in Mexico. The committee concluded that there is a context of generalized disappearances in a great part of the country. It has asked the government to prevent acts of intimidation and harassment toward the families of the disappeared and has suggested setting up a DNA database of missing people and a registry of disappearances. However, even these international calls are going unheeded. Just hours after the U.N. committee published its conclusions and recommendations, the Mexican government disregarded them. This is a worrying sign that the government is not stepping up and taking this human rights crisis seriously. On March 3, Mexico appointed Arely Gómez González as the new federal attorney general. We had hoped that she would forge on where her predecessor failed and get to the root of the corruption and impunity that lies behind this terrible tragedy. However, her recent statements -- that the disappearance of the 43 students is an "isolated case" and that there is no confirmation of grave human rights violations in this case -- are shocking. For Omar and the others waiting for news, it is only full accountability and pursuit of justice that can address the horrors they have seen and experienced. "The government's response has been nothing but disrespectful and insensitive," Omar said. "I'm alarmed about what happened but I'm not afraid. We will never give up our fight for justice." Amnesty International and I will be there alongside them every step of the way. | Six months ago, 43 students from Ayotzinapa College in Mexico disappeared . Erika Guevara Rosas: It is outrageous that Mexican authorities have not found them . |
Given the following paragraph on the water cycle, what forms of precipitation do exist? | Most water vapors found mostly in the ocean returns to it, but winds carry water vapor over land at the same rate as runoff into the sea, about 47 Tt per year whilst evaporation and transpiration happening in land masses also contribute another 72 Tt per year. Precipitation, at a rate of 119 Tt per year over land, has several forms: most commonly rain, snow, and hail, with some contribution from fog and dew. Dew is small drops of water that are condensed when a high density of water vapor meets a cool surface. Dew usually forms in the morning when the temperature is the lowest, just before sunrise and when the temperature of the earth's surface starts to increase. Condensed water in the air may also refract sunlight to produce rainbows. | Water can precipitate in the form of rain, snow, and hail as well as in the form of fog and dew. Rain is the most common form of precipitation. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)The man who attacked a security area at the New Orleans airport with a machete and wasp spray also had a bag of Molotov cocktails and a car containing smoke bombs and gas cylinders, authorities said. The suspect, Richard White, 63, died Saturday after treatment for three bullet wounds he suffered when a sheriff's lieutenant fired at him to halt the Friday night attack, the Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office said. Sheriff Newell Normand said earlier that investigators hadn't been able to talk to White, who officials said suffered from some type of mental illness. He said White's wife and children had been very cooperative. Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport was back open and fully operational, Mayor Mitch Landrieu said. He praised security officials for acting quickly and heroically and doing everything they could to stop the attack. The incident began when White, carrying a bag, entered one of the lanes at the security checkpoint for Concourse B and began spraying Transportation Security Administration agents and bystanders with a can of wasp spray, the sheriff's office said. He then pulled a machete from his waistband and began swinging it at agents and others in the area. "What I saw originally was one of the officers getting sprayed with the wasp spray," said TSA agent Carol Richel, whose arm was hit by one of the bullets fired at White. The officer being sprayed with wasp spray picked up a bag and threw it at White to slow him down, but the suspect still barged through, Richel told reporters. Richel, who was not armed, yelled for everyone to run as she made her way toward the sheriff's lieutenant, who she knew had a weapon. "I was calling, 'Run, run' for them to get away from him, and I was calling for the (lieutenant) so she was there and alert," Richel said. "I didn't hear him say anything," she said. "Once I yelled for the checkpoint to be cleared, I looked over my shoulder and he was coming after me. And I ran as fast as I could and thank God the officer was as close as she was, because I wouldn't be here today." She said the man came "within inches" of whacking her with the machete. "This man was swinging very hard, very hard with that machete," Richel said. "And if he would have made contact with anybody, it would have been terrible." Normand said Lt. Heather Slyve fired three shots, ultimately stopping the attacker. He said investigators believe it was the first shot that went through Richel's upper right arm. Richel showed off a bright pink bandage on her arm and said the bullet went through her tricep. "Originally, I thought the machete hit me. I didn't realize it was a bullet," she said. "I knew he was close, so I honestly thought he hit me and she shot him." When White approached the checkpoint, he was carrying a bag that he dropped as soon as the first agent confronted him, Normand said. "What the bag revealed was six half-pint mason jars with cloth wicks into a liquid that we now know to be gasoline -- what you would commonly refer to as a Molotov cocktail," Normand said. A grill lighter and plastic letter opener were also in the bag, and next to his body investigators found powdery material and wicks, which they determined were from crushed smoke bombs. "The fact that he ended up dropping the bag (when) the TSA agent threw an item at him was huge in the short 40-second span ... of this event," Normand said. "Had he been able to hold onto the bag, he might not have continued to chase the TSA agents through the checkpoint. He might have gone somewhere else." The bomb squad found more smoke bombs in his car, and in the trunk were three gas tanks -- one for Freon, one for oxygen and one for acetylene, a compressed gas used in welding and metal-cutting. Normand said their intended purpose wasn't clear. Normand said "there is a mental illness component" in their investigation of the suspect. "No one at this point in time has any notion about what may have triggered this behavior," Normand said. "And not unlike dealing with the mentally ill, sometimes you will never know what actually triggers some of this type of behavior." People who had recently interacted with White described him as very cordial, calm, cool and collected, Normand said. They reported having no suspicions about him and said nothing seemed out of the ordinary. It wasn't clear why White was at the airport. Contrary to earlier reports, Normand said Saturday, White was no longer a taxi driver. CNN's Janet DiGiacomo, Joe Sutton, Tony Marco and Greg Botelho contributed to this report. | Suspect dies after treatment for bullet wounds . Sheriff says the suspect also had smoke bombs and Molotov cocktails . Richard White allegedly stormed an airport security area with a machete . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | When Liverpool slumped to a 3-1 defeat at Crystal Palace in November, the obituaries were penned mourning the loss of the team who had thrilled so much in their pursuit of last season’s title. Here they were; losers in their last four matches, sandwiched between West Brom and Stoke in the bottom half of the table and just four points from the drop zone. Indeed, Sportsmail noted: ‘As a gauge for Brendan Rodgers to measure Liverpool's regression it might be quite accurate. No better at the back than they were six months ago, much worse up front and utterly devoid of belief’. Brendan Rodgers (right, jokes with Emre Can) at Liverpool training at Melwood last week . Rodgers was in good spirits as he also shared a joke with defender Kolo Toure . Steven Gerrard trains with team-mates Joe Allen (left) and Glen Johnson (centre) Liverpool have not lost in their last 12 games - a run that has seen them rise from 10th in the table to fifth. Should they beat Swansea on Monday then they will be just two points off fourth place. D - 2-2 Arsenal (H) W - 1-0 Burnley (A) W - 4-1 Swansea (H) D - 2-2 Leicester (H) W - 1-0 Sunderland (A) W - 2-0 Aston Villa (A) W - 2-0 West Ham (H) D - 0-0 Everton (A) W - 3-2 Tottenham (H) W - 2-0 Southampton (A) W - 2-1 Man City (H) W - 2-0 Burnley (H) It was, of course, a reference to Liverpool’s surrender of a three-goal lead at Selhurst Park during the final weeks of the previous campaign. Six months on and, minus Luis Suarez, the assumption was that Rodgers and his team had been found out. Then came a 1-0 win at home to Stoke – achieved thanks to a Glen Johnson strike five minutes from time – and so started a run of 11 victories in 16 games. Another at Swansea on Monday evening would see them move back to within two points of Manchester United in fourth. Given their lowly residence in November, Rodgers arguably deserves more credit this time around than he did for last season’s unlikely title tilt. The return to fitness of Daniel Sturridge was always going to aid his cause and that has been evidenced by three goals and six league games without defeat with the striker back on the pitch. The unbeaten run, in fact, extends to 12 matches and is just two shy of last season’s best sequence set by Chelsea. Daniel Sturridge and Alberto Moreno (right) celebrate after scoring against Crystal Palace in February . Sturridge, injured on England duty before the start of season, has had a stop-start season in 2014 . But the revival was in place before Sturridge vacated the treatment room. A change of formation in December, 3-4-2-1 put in place, has, almost to a man, brought about an impressive improvement. There is no finer example than Jordan Henderson. The midfielder was never struggling but, since Christmas, he has matured into the leader everyone at Anfield was hoping he would become. There was one game at former club Sunderland which marked his emergence as successor to Steven Gerrard. When the skipper made way at half-time, Henderson took the armband and proceeded to boss the contest from the centre of the park – it was an awesome display and one which won warm praise from Rodgers afterwards. Jordan Henderson has thrived for Liverpool this season and stepped up in Gerrard's absence . Luis Suarez (left) departed Liverpool for Barcelona during the summer in a £75million deal . The boss, though, should be applauded for the manner in which he is aiding the development of a player who is still just 24. The future captaincy is an incentive smartly employed to take Henderson’s game to another level – and it has worked. But there are others, too. Raheem Sterling is unrecognisable from the troubled teen as which he has previously been cast. Rodgers has found a way to extract craft and graft from Sterling and playmaker Philippe Coutinho, a pair who are certain to feature on the shortlist for PFA Young Player of the Year. He has also kept faith with goalkeeper Simon Mignolet – derided earlier in the season – while Dejan Lovren – another mocked following his £20m arrival from Southampton – has returned to a three-man backline which has kept four clean sheets in six. Steven Gerrard's slip at Anfield against Chelsea last year proved costly and allowed Demba Ba to score . Ba slots the ball past Simon Mingolet as Chelsea win 2-0 and end Liverpool's title hopes . VIDEO Every game counts for Rodgers . In short, Rodgers is getting the best out of each of his number – unmanageable Mario apart, that is. But sideshows such as Balotelli and Gerrard’s impending departure have not been allowed to derail their recovery. A penalty-shootout exit from the Europa League could prove a blessing as Liverpool chase a Champions League finish. They have 10 games to achieve as much and Rodgers has factored a return of 23 points as being enough. Were they to achieve that, Rodgers would certainly have proved a point of his own. CHELSEA . Hull (away) - March 22 . Stoke (home) - April 4 . QPR (away) - April 12 . Man United (home) - April 18 . Arsenal (away) - April 26 . Leicester (away) - April 29 . Crystal Palace (home) - May 2 . Liverpool (home) - May 9 . West Brom (away) - May 16 . Sunderland (home) - May 24 . MANCHESTER CITY . West Brom (home) - March 21 . Crystal Palace (away) - April 6 . Man United (away) - April 12 . West Ham (home) April 19 . Aston Villa (home) - April 25 . Tottenham (away) - May 2 . QPR (home) - May 9 . Swansea (away) - May 16 . Southampton (home) - May 24 . ARSENAL . Newcastle (away) - March 21 . Liverpool (home) - April 4 . Burnley (away) - April 11 . Sunderland (home) April 18 POSTPONED . Chelsea (home) - April 26 . Hull (away) - May 2 . Swansea (home) - May 9 . Man United (away) - May 16 . West Brom (home) - May 24 . MANCHESTER UNITED . Liverpool (away) - March 22 . Aston Villa (home) - April 4 . Man City (home) - April 12 . Chelsea (away) - April 18 . Everton (away) - April 26 . West Brom (home) - May 2 . Crystal Palace (away) - May 9 . Arsenal (home) - May 16 . Hull (away) - May 24 . LIVERPOOL . Swansea (away) - March 16 . Man United (home) - March 22 . Arsenal (away) - April 4 . Newcastle (home) - April 13 . Hull (away) - April 18 . West Brom (away) - April 25 . QPR (home) - May 2 . Chelsea (away) - May 9 . Crystal Palace (home) - May 16 . Stoke (away) - May 24 . TOTTENHAM . Leicester (home) - March 21 . Burnley (away) - April 5 . Aston Villa (home) - April 11 . Newcastle (away) - April 19 . Southampton (away) - April 25 . Manchester City (home) - May 2 . Stoke (away) - May 9 . Hull (home) - May 16 . Everton (away) - May 24 . SOUTHAMPTON . Burnley (home) - March 21 . Everton (away) - April 4 . Hull (home) - April 11 . Stoke (away) - April 18 . Tottenham (home) - April 25 . Sunderland (away) - May 2 . Leicester (away) - May 9 . Aston Villa (home) - May 16 . Man City (away) - May 24 . Note: Fixtures in May subject to change for television schedule. For a full list of Premier League fixtures and to check kick-off times, results and league tables, visit our brilliant MATCH ZONE by clicking HERE. Games marked 'POSTPONED' will be rearranged due to the FA Cup. | Liverpool unbeaten in 12 Premier League games and on brink of top four . The Reds travel to Swansea on Monday hoping to extend unbeaten run . Revival down to return of key players and change in formation . Brendan Rodgers: Liverpool need 23 points for top four spot . CLICK HERE for all the latest Liverpool news . |
Who was the ruling member of the Sharabhapuriya dynasty in 575 CE? | A. M. Shastri estimates the reigns of the Sharabhapuriya rulers as follows: based on Sharabha's identification with the Sharabharaja mentioned in the 510 CE Eran inscription, he assigns Sharabha's reign to 475–500 CE (assuming a 25-year reign). Similarly, he assigns 25 years to the next two kings. Since Jayaraja's latest inscription is dated to 9th regnal year, Shastri assumes a 10-year reign for Jayaraja, and some subsequent kings.
Sharabha (Śarabha), c. 475–500 CE
Narendra, c. 500–525 CE
Prasanna, c. 525–550 CE
Jayarāja, c. 550–560 CE
Sudevarāja, c 560–570 CE
Manamatra alias Durgarāja, c. 570–580 CE
Sudevarāja, c. 570–580 CE
Pravarāja, c. 580–590 CE
Alternative dates have been proposed by other historians. For example, D. C. Sircar estimated Sharabha's reign as 465–480 CE, while V. V. Mirashi estimated it as 460–480 CE. | Based on that paragraph, the ruler during 575 CE was Sudevarāja, who ruled from c. 570–580 CE. Note that this may be an estimate, since all of the time periods listed have a "c." (short for "circa"), which indicates some uncertainty about the time ranges listed. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)All of these women left a mark on the world that would change people's thinking for decades -- in some cases centuries -- to come. They wrote books that revolutionized people's view of society; made scientific discoveries that transformed medicine as we know it; and brought about laws that shook up the establishment. In celebration of International Women's Day on March 8, Leading Women takes a look at just seven of the many females throughout history who changed the world for the betterment of all. The American author's best-selling 1852 novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin" helped popularize the anti-slavery movement. Legend has it Abraham Lincoln greeted Beecher Stowe at the White House by saying: "So you're the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war," in reference to the civil war. Her novel followed the life of black slave Uncle Tom, and was the second best-selling book of the 19th century after the Bible. British suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst founded the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), a group known for extreme forms of protest such as chaining themselves to railings and going on hunger strikes. "We are here, not because we are law-breakers; we are here in our efforts to become law-makers," she said during a court trail in 1908. Sadly Pankhurst never lived to see her dream become reality, dying three weeks before a law was passed giving women equal voting rights with men. "What is done cannot be undone, but one can prevent it happening again" -- Anne Frank's "Diary of a Young Girl." The wisdom and wit of 13-year-old Jewish schoolgirl Anne Frank, written while hiding in Amsterdam during the Second World War, is one of the most widely-read books in the world with over 30 million copies sold. Her story of life under German occupation is a powerful record that has been translated into 67 languages and adapted for both film and theater, with her home itself turned into a museum. Frank died in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1945, just weeks before it was liberated. French existentialist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir's 1949 book "The Second Sex" became a landmark feminist work. It analyzed the treatment and perception of women throughout history, and was deemed so controversial that the Vatican put in on the Index of Prohibited books. "All oppression creates a state of war; this is no exception," said De Beauvoir, who along with partner Jean Paul Sartre was one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century. British chemist and x-ray crystallographer Rosalind Franklin's research was key in revealing the structure of DNA. Her x-ray photographs of the double helix were used by scientists Francis Crick, James Watson, and Maurice Wilkins, who in 1962 were jointly awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on the DNA model. However Franklin missed out on a Nobel Prize herself, dying from ovarian cancer in 1958 at 37. American Billie Jean King was one of the greatest competitors Wimbledon had ever seen, taking home a whopping 20 titles. But she is perhaps best known for a one-off match dubbed "The Battle of Sexes" against Bobby Riggs in 1973. The bespectacled 29-year-old King beat 55-year-old Riggs in front of a worldwide television audience of 50 million. She later went on to form the Women's Tennis Association and has campaigned for equal prize money for female players. "When we plant trees, we plant the seeds of peace and hope," said 2004 Nobel Peace Prize winning environmentalist Wangari Maathai. The Kenyan political activist founded the Green Belt Movement in 1977 in an effort to empower rural women who had started reporting their streams were drying up, their food supply was less secure, and they had to walk further than ever before for firewood. The movement has since spread across the world, campaigning on climate change and teaming up with the United Nations Environment Programme. This is by no means the definitive list of women who changed the world, and narrowing it down to just seven was a tough call. Who would you include? Leave your suggestions in the comments box below. | In celebration of International Women's Day we look at seven inspiring women . Remarkable females made huge scientific discoveries and campaigned for equality . Which women have inspired you? Tweet your answers to @CNNIwomen . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Authorities have arrested a gunman suspected of randomly opening fire on five public places in Maryland over the past week, in attacks that left two injured. What appears to be the same blue car had been linked to the attacks in which a gunman opened fire on a driver at a mall, a Walmart, a movie theater, a truck on a highway and headquarters of the NSA over the last seven days. If the same gunman is behind all the attacks, it would be a case with chilling similarities to the DC Sniper attacks of 2002 when John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo killed ten people with gunfire from a hidden firing spot in the back of their blue Chevrolet sedan. Early morning reports on Wednesday revealed that a suspect was in custody who was believed to be involved in the shootings that occurred since last Tuesday in the Baltimore-Washington metro area, according to the Washington Post. Lt. Kevin Ayd, a spokesman for the Maryland Transportation Authority Police told the Baltimore Sun of the five shootings: 'They're looking into whether these are linked together.' So far, only two dump truck workers have been hurt in the attacks - they suffered only minor injuries when the gunfire shattered the windshield of their vehicle and by a bullet fragment. Scroll down for video . Five recent Maryland shootings that took place in public spaces may be connected to the same shooter, according to authorities briefed on the investigation. Police are searching for the same gray or blue Lincoln Town car that has been spotted near some of the crime scenes (the Lincoln Town car pictured above) If the same gunman is behind all the attacks, it would be a case with chilling similarities to the DC Sniper attacks of 2002 when John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo killed ten people with gunfire from a hidden firing spot in the back of their blue Chevrolet sedan . Investigators are looking into whether one gunman is tied to the five incidents spread across three different Maryland counties: Anne Arundel, Prince George's and Howard (above map of where the shootings took place) The first shooting attack involved a 61-year-old man whose windows on his car were shot out as he was driving through the Arundel Mills shopping complex on February 24 around 7.30am. Tuesday, February 24, 7.30am: Arundel Mills shopping complex . Saturday, February 28: Footage of Lincoln Town Car released . Monday, March 2, early morning: Walmart Supercenter in Laurel . Monday, March 2, 5.10am: AMC Theater at The Mall in Columbia . Tuesday, March 3, 3pm: Intercounty Connector in Laurel . Tuesday, March 3, 5pm: National Security Agency in Fort Meade . The following Saturday, the footage of the Lincoln Town car was released, according to the Baltimore Sun. The surveillance video has captured the car but a license plate has not been determined nor has a clear identity of the shooter. Police were notified of a shooting at a Walmart in Laurel in the second reported shooting on Monday, March 2. That same day, a cleaning crew staff member reportedly heard gunshots around 5.10am at the AMC Theater at The Mall in Columbia. On Tuesday, a dump truck carrying the two Nelson Tree Specialist workers was traveling eastbound on the Intercounty Connector, also known as Route 200, when it was struck by gunshots coming from a nearby wooded area just before 3pm - in the fourth shooting. The attack left both passengers with non-life-threatening injuries leaving one injured from shattered glass and one bruised from a bullet fragment blocked by his clothing, according to the Washington Post. The surveillance video has captured the car (above) but a license plate has not been determined nor has a clear identity of the shooter . Only 12 miles away from the shooting on the ICC, an attack involving the National Security Agency in Fort Meade (above) occurred where several gunshots struck one of its office buildings around 5pm. No injuries to NSA personnel were reported, a spokesperson for the NSA told Daily Mail Online . Only 12 miles away, the most recent shooting occurred involving the National Security Agency in Fort Meade where several gunshots struck one of its office buildings around 5pm. No injuries to NSA personnel were reported, a spokesperson for the NSA told Daily Mail Online. Police spokeswoman Sgt. Lelani Woods said that the NSA reported damage to one of its buildings close to the Baltimore-Washington Parkway on Tuesday. At the time, she said it is too early to determine whether the damage is related to the report of gunfire nearby. Investigators are looking into whether one gunman is tied to the five incidents spread across three different Maryland counties: Anne Arundel, Prince George's and Howard. Ballistic evidence has also suggested a possible link between the shootings, two anonymous sources told the Baltimore Sun. The FBI is coordinating the multi-jurisdiction investigation as it continues. The back-to-back shootings in Maryland on Tuesday sparked flashbacks to 2002, when a sniper, John Allen Muhammad (left) and his 17-year-old accomplice Lee Boyd Malvo (right) terrorized the Washington, DC area in a series of seemingly random shootings . Back-to-back shootings in Maryland on Tuesday sparked flashbacks to 2002, when a sniper terrorized the Washington, DC area in a series of seemingly random shootings. Ten people were killed and three injured in the 14 October shootings which authorities eventually connected to two perpetrators working in tandem. Shooter John Allen Muhammad and his 17-year-old accomplice Lee Boyd Malvo started their spree in February 2002, with murders in Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas and Washington State. That cross-country spree resulted in the deaths of seven people and left seven injured. It was only in October though that the murders became more targeted on the Virginia and Maryland areas immediately surrounding DC - earning the name the Beltway sniper attacks. The attacks left DC residents afraid to leave their homes for weeks, since the nature of the shootings were random, and the shooter fired from a distance and never confronted his victims face to face. But Muhammad apparently grew tired of the anonymity and started leaving behind objects at the crimes scenes including a Tarot card inscribed with the phrase 'Call me God'. Muhammad and Malvo's reign of terror was finally brought to an end on October 24 when they were found sleeping in a car in Myersville, Maryland and taken into custody. The following September, Muhammad went on trial for his crimes and was sentenced to death. His accomplice Malvo testified at his trial saying the two planned to shoot six people a day for 30 days - though that plan failed. When Malvo went on trial, his attorneys painted him as being under the influence of Muhammad and therefore not as equal a partner in their crimes, which is perhaps the reason he received a lesser sentence of life in prison without parole. Muhammad was executed by lethal injection on November 10, 2009. | Police searching for gray or blue Lincoln Town car that could be linked to five shootings . First shooting took place last Tuesday and most recent shooting involved office building at NSA Headquarters around 5pm on Tuesday, March 3 . Over span of week, five shootings have occurred including: Arundel Mills shopping complex, a Walmart, AMC theater, car on highway and NSA . Sources said police are looking into whether they are all linked . In 2002, Washington DC was paralyzed with fear as 13 random victims were shot and only three survived random attacks . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester City midfielder James Milner claims the champions can win their remaining 10 games and retain their Barclays Premier League crown. City and their manager Manuel Pellegrini suffered a barrage of criticism last week after defeats to Barcelona and Liverpool damaged their European and domestic title hopes. They at least got back to winning ways on the home front in midweek as they edged to a disjointed 2-0 victory over bottom side Leicester at the Etihad Stadium. James Milner scored Manchester City's second goal in Wednesday night's 2-0 win over Leicester City . Chelsea remain five points clear at the top of the table with a game in hand but, after the late charges that won titles in 2012 and 2014, Milner is not giving up hope. The England international, who scored City's second goal against the Foxes in the 89th minute, said: 'I think we have played better but it is pleasing to get a result. 'It was important to bounce back after the disappointment of the weekend. 'Now it is about recovering from this period and getting back to 100 per cent, then working on things that we have been struggling on and getting back to the form we know we can hit and have shown in games, for periods of maybe 10, 15 or 20 minutes at a time. City have dropped points recently but Milner helped get them back on track against the newly-promoted side . 'We have got a bit sloppy. It is important we step that up and do it for the 95 minutes of a game and not just in periods. That is what you need to do to be successful. 'We know what is in front of us now. The remaining games, we have to win, and we are more than capable of doing that. We have done it before. 'It is important we build on this win and take that forward.' City were not fluent but still created numerous chances and seized the initiative when David Silva struck from close range in first-half stoppage time. City captain Vincent Kompany (second left) was on the bench after a few out-of-character performances . Mark Schwarzer produced several fine saves to prevent further damage but Milner came off the bench to make the result certain in the closing moments. The result was an important statement by Pellegrini, who had dropped out-of-form captain Vincent Kompany and playmaker Samir Nasri among five changes. Goalkeeper Joe Hart said: 'We've had criticism off people who don't particularly matter to us. What matters is what our manager thinks, and what we think as players. We showed where our heads are at with this result. 'We'll keep trying to win every game we've got, same as we have done for the past couple of years, when we've been chasing titles and cups.' Joe Hart was pleased to brush off criticism of City, even though he said it did not matter to the players . | Manchester City beat Leicester City 2-0 at the Etihad on Wednesday . James Milner believes they can still win the Premier League this season . The City midfielder is targeting 10 wins from their 10 remaining games . Chelsea are five points clear at the top with a game in hand over City . Joe Hart said City 'showed where our heads are at with this result' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ron Dennis, the McLaren chairman, has apologised for the confusion over Fernando Alonso’s condition, and predicted that the Spaniard would race again in Malaysia a fortnight on Sunday. At a dinner in Melbourne ahead of the opening grand prix in Australia this weekend, Dennis set the record straight after saying erroneously that Alonso was not concussed in an accident in testing in Barcelona on February 22. Dennis said: ‘It was not the best performance by me. I understand why the press beat me up - for being inaccurate. I wanted to be open and honest. Ron Dennis apologised for saying Fernando Alonso wasn't concussed when he crashed in testing last month . Italian Alonso had an accident during in testing for McLaren in Barcelona on February 22 . ‘I failed. But it is, as always, my objective to try to be as honest as possible in the future. ‘There are complexities about concussion. It is difficult to quantify, and it goes beyond my area of expertise. It is not my decision whether he will race in Malaysia, but as far as I know he will be there. I have every reason to believe he will be. ‘I spoke to Fernando on the way to this dinner. ‘He wants to race in Malaysia. I hope he does, but it is his decision, not mine.’ Alonso, here being wheeled away from the crash site, says he wants to race in the Malaysian Grand Prix . McLaren boss Dennis relayed Alonso's desire to race a fortnight from Sunday and says it's the driver's choice . Meanwhile Formula One’s penchant for chaos was never better demonstrated than in a bizarre court case unfolding just down the road from the Albert Park track that will host Sunday’s race. At issue is whether a Dutch driver called Giedo van der Garde should drive for Sauber. Subject to an appeal in Melbourne on Thursday, he will win that right - a decision that could even mark the end of Sauber’s participation in the sport after 22 years. This pickle came about after Sauber seemingly reneged on a contract that said Van der Garde would race for them this season. They instead hired two drivers, Brazilian Felipe Nasr and Sweden’s Marcus Ericsson, who between them bring £20million to the team. But Van der Garde went to the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne, clutching his contract. Dutch driver Giedo van der Garde has taken Sauber to court claiming his right to drive for the team . They found in his favour, a ruling that was upheld by the Supreme Court of Victoria here on Wednesday. Sauber decided to appeal, the result of which is expected on Thursday. The team’s lawyers argued that - only days away from this weekend’s race - installing a different driver was an unacceptable safety risk. They said the cars had been fitted to the specifications of Nasr and Ericsson. Rodney Garratt QC told the court that the absence of the correct seatbelt meant Van der Garde could not compete safely given the 210mph speed of the cars and g-forces ‘up to five times their bodyweight’. In truth, Sauber’s argument was melodramatic rubbish. Even if they need to make some late changes, why is it less safe to let Van der Garde drive than Roberto Merhi, who was only named as Manor’s driver on Tuesday? Merhi has never driven the Manor car. Nobody has. It only passed its crash test last week. Sauber's Marcus Ericsson (left) and Filipe Nasr wait to se if they will drive in Melbourne this weekend . And Van Der Garde, 29, was even Sauber’s test driver last year. They know his measurements. No, Sauber cannot afford to drop Nasr, who is backed by Banco do Brasil, or Ericsson, who brings in a sponsorship package worth £10million. Much of the pair’s money has been paid up front. Those backers would not react kindly to being told their man is suddenly out of a job. One solution would be Van der Garde agreeing to receive compensation, but it is said he would prefer to get the drive rather than the money. However, even this is illogical because without Sauber’s two high-paying drivers the whole team could be forced into administration, meaning therefore, he would have nobody to drive for. | Fernando Alonso could race again in Malaysia a fortnight on Sunday . McLaren chairman Ron Dennis said sorry for his comments about Alonso’s condition following his crash in Barcelona on February 22 . Dennis erroneously said Alonso wasn't concussed in the testing accident . Giedo van der Garde's claim to drive for Sauber could end the team . Felipe Nasr and Marcus Ericsson wait to see if they'll drive in Melbourne . Australian Grand Prix kicks off the 2015 Formula One season on Sunday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Grand Slam door was slammed in Ireland’s face at the Millennium Stadium as Wales defended their patch like 15 Cardiff bouncers to secure a famous RBS 6 Nations victory. As the Welsh tackle count moved past the 250 mark, it was clear that Ireland had finally met their match. There have been questions about the entertainment value of northern hemisphere rugby but, if ever an advert was needed, this was it. Shaun Edwards punched the air in delight and the championship race lives on. Wales killed off Ireland’s 10-match winning run and – describing himself as ‘a simple Kiwi boy’ in the post-match press conference – Warren Gatland proved that he is a smarter tactician than a tub of Flora. Scott Williams touches down after 62 minutes to score Wales' only try of the game to keep their Six Nations hopes alive . WIlliams makes a break for the line past Tommy Bowe before putting Wales into a commanding second-half lead . Williams goes over while Ireland players look on with dejection as they see their grip at the top the Six Nations weakened by defeat in Wales . Bowe puts his hand to his face in anguish after Williams' try as Wales held on to dash Ireland's hopes of winning the Grand Slam . Wales XV: Halfpenny, North, Davies, Roberts, Williams, Biggar,Webb; Jenkins, Baldwin, Lee, Charteris, Wyn Jones, Lydiate, Warburton (captain), Faletau . Tries: Williams . Penalties: Halfpenny (5) Drop goal: Biggar . Ireland XV: Kearney, Bowe, Payne, Henshaw, Zebo, Sexton, Murray; McGrath, Best, Ross, Toner, O'Connell, O'Mahony, O'Brien, Heaslip. Replacements: Cronin, Healy, Moore, Henderson, Murphy, Reddan, Madigan, Jones . Tries: Penalty . Conversions: Sexton . Penalties: Sexton (3) ‘A lot of our players ran themselves into the ground,’ said Gatland. ‘In terms of atmosphere and intensity, it had everything as a Test match. Sometimes you suffer a loss and the next three or four days are a struggle to get out of bed; we were definitely on it emotionally.’ That emotion was beamed through the exquisite kicking game of full-back Leigh Halfpenny. Ireland’s Jonathan Sexton was dubbed as the player with gold-plated feet, but the celebrated No 10 did not quite live up to his billing. The visitors were shot down in ‘the battle of the skies’ and were forced to dessert their aerial game that was so effective against England. In the early exchanges, Rob Kearney fumbled a short kick-off and Gethin Jenkins won a fine turnover. Sexton kicked a restart straight into touch and Wales were able to build up phases. All the momentum was with the hosts and, after 13 minutes, they were 12-0 up. Welsh forwards coach Robin McBryde has told supporters not to expect a feast of flowing rugby but - despite tickets exchanging hands for £300-a-pair on the blackmarket before kick-off – they were more than happy with what they were seeing. ‘There are a few “what ifs” and “maybes”,’ said Ireland coach Joe Schmidt. ‘You look at the small margins that might potentially have changed the result. Our strategy was the same as the last few weeks but it’s not a case of back to the drawing board. We won’t throw the baby out of the bath water because it’s pretty hard to start all over again.’ Wales were building nicely but their progress was stalled by an injury to Samson Lee in the front-row. Gatland breathed a sigh of relief as Sexton pushed his first penalty wide of the left post, but the No 10 made amends with his second effort following a cheap high tackle by Scott Baldwin. The tables were there to be turned and Ireland identified Lee’s replacement, Aaron Jarvis, as a weakness at the set-piece. They immediately used their choke tackle to set up a scrum, but Sam Warburton stole a dangerous attacking line-out from Devin Toner’s 6ft 11 grasp shortly after. Wales captain Sam Warburton celebrates with the rest of the squad as they do a lap of honour around the Millennium Stadium . It takes two Ireland players to put a stop to Goerge North's burst forward . Jamie Roberts makes a tackle on Rory Best during a spirited defensive performance by the hosts during famous win . Leigh Halfpenny scores the opening points of the match with a Wales penalty at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff . It was a carbon-copy of Toner’s pivotal steal against England two weeks ago, however the hard work was undone when the Welsh skipper was sent to the sin-bin after half an hour. Sexton continued to edge his side back with two more penalties – sandwiching a fine drop goal by Dan Biggar – but Wales survived the yellow card with their half-time lead still intact. Gatland was forced into more front-row changes at half-time when he lost Jenkins to a hamstring injury. Ireland needed to change their approach after the break and they enjoyed more possession and territory. Schmidt’s players were consistently penalised for not rolling away in the first half and their discipline improved in the second. They enjoyed more improved territory and possession, but lack the execution in the final third. They camped themselves deep in Welsh territory in the 50th minute but were repelled by a cacophony of noise and fierce tackles. Inspired by the roars, Warburton rallied his players, locked the gates and forced Ireland backwards. In a breath-taking seven minutes, the Welsh defence saw off two full-blooded attacks – combining almost 50 phases – and eventually won the penalty when Sexton went off his feet at the breakdown. Wales outside-half Dan Biggar bags three more first-half points for the hosts as he scores a drop goal . Ireland's Johnny Sexton carries the ball forward for the visitors as Wales skipper Sam Warburton closes in . Ireland's Paul O'Connell organises his side on his 100th cap in the Six Nations clash at the Millennium Stadium on Saturday . Samson Lee is treated by medics during the first half of the Six Nations clash between Wales and Ireland . Prop forward Lee leaves the field on a stretcher with what looks like a serious leg injury . It was a masterclass at snuffing out attacks - Luke Charteris made a remarkable 37 tackles throughout the game - and proved to be a flashpoint in the Welsh charge. Play moved downfield and Wales built up phases of their own. The forwards carried powerfully - providing the backs with quick, front-foot ball - and two quick passes found replacement centre Scott Williams. The 24-year-old, who had replaced Jamie Roberts because of a dead arm, short-changed Tommy Bowe after 62 minutes and cut through the defence to slide over for the first try of the game. ‘The attitude in defence was second to none,’ said Warburton. ‘Shaun’s gone into a lot of detail all week about certain policies to cover their trick plays in attack. The boys took on all that information and the detail paid off. Certain matches you can tell the boys are extremely focussed, and at breakfast I could see that everyone was so desperate to win.’ Wales were on the brink of their third home victory over Ireland in 33 years, although Ireland were not finished. On the afternoon of his 100th Test, Paul O’Connell turned down a near-certain three points and ordered his fly-half to kick for the corner. Peter O’Mahony claimed the line-out and Wales conceded a penalty try by collapsing the maul. It set up a tense finale – with Jonathan Davies being shown a late yellow card – but Wales held on to set up another weekend of drama. | Wales raced into an early lead as Leigh Halfpenny kicked the first points of the match from a penalty . Full back Halfpenny scored another three penalties for the home side as Wales led 12-0 at the Millennium Stadium . Johnny Sexton pulled it back to 12-6 with two penalties before Dan Biggar scored a drop goal to make it 15-6 . Sexton added another three points with a penalty as the sides went in at half time without a try on the board . Ireland pressed for a try early in the second half but the Wales defence held firm as they approached the try line . Scott Williams gave Wales a commanding lead with the opening try in the 62nd minute to make 20-9 . Ireland were awarded a penalty try with just over 10 minutes to play which was converted to make 20-16 . Halfpenny made it 23-16 with five minutes to play after scoring his fifth penalty of the match . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A Canadian man says he suffered hallucinations and excruciating pain, and feared he was going to die after he was stung by a venomous scorpion on a flight from Colombia to Mexico. The plane was forced to turn around and make an emergency landing in Bogota, the Colombian capital, after Adam Young was attacked by the dangerous arachnid. It happened as Mr Young, from St John’s, Newfoundland, felt something crawling under his shirt as he tried to nap shortly after the plane departed for Mexico City. Adam Young suffered nausea, numbness, chest pains and hallucinations after being stung (file photo) He tried to flick it off, but it was too late, the CBC reported. Mr Young wrote in a Facebook post: ‘The scorpion had already done its work on me and stung me three times. ‘I jumped out of my chair in a huge commotion and it fell out of my shirt on to the chair.’ He was travelling with friend Brendan Dawson Walsh, who thought it was a prank until he saw the scorpion on the plane’s floor. After they alerted flight attendants, the scorpion was found under Mr Young's seat cushion and killed as the plane aborted its five-hour journey and returned to Bogota last Friday. Adam Young said he was stung after he felt something crawling under his shirt (file photo) The plane diverted after a doctor who happened to be on board insisted that it land as soon as possible, radio station VOCM reported. Mr Young said the venom was setting into his veins, causing ‘excruciating’ pain and a ‘burning sensation’. He wrote: ‘Even though I remained calm on the outside I was dying on the inside.’ He suffered nausea, numbness to his arm, chest pains and hallucinations during the 20 minutes that it took to return to Bogota, where paramedics met the plane on the tarmac. A fellow passenger told Mr Young that it was a highly-venomous scorpion which attacked him (file photo) Mr Young was rushed to a medical room inside the airport and given an anti-venom injection in the buttocks. While he received urgent treatment, employees did a sweep of the plane and cleared it for take-off after they failed to find additional scorpions. Still in pain, Mr Young boarded the plane and continued his journey to Mexico. A fellow passenger told him that he had been attacked by a highly-venomous scorpion which is capable of killing a human. Friday’s incident was at least the second time in as many months a passenger has been stung by a scorpion on a plane. Last month a scorpion stung a woman on the hand just before take-off on an Alaskan Airlines flight from Los Angeles to Portland. The woman was stung as the plane was taxiing on the runway, and she stomped the scorpion to death as the aircraft returned to the gate. She declined additional medical treatment after she was checked over by paramedics. The flight originated in Los Cabos, Mexico. | Adam Young felt something crawling under his shirt as he tried to nap . He tried to flick it away, but was stung three times by the scorpion . Mr Young said he was in so much pain that he feared he would die . A doctor who happened to be on board insisted that the plane turn around . It made an emergency landing in Bogota and was met by paramedics . Mr Young was rushed inside and given an anti-venom injection . |
When was "I'm Just a Singer (In a Rock and Roll Band)" released? | "I'm Just a Singer (In a Rock and Roll Band)" is a 1973 hit single by the English progressive rock band the Moody Blues, written by the band's bassist, John Lodge. It was first released in 1972 as the final track on the album Seventh Sojourn and was later released as a single in 1973, with "For My Lady" as its B-side. It was the second single released from Seventh Sojourn, with the first being "Isn't Life Strange", which was also written by Lodge.
The song reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US, becoming one of their highest-charting hits in that country, but fared less well in their native UK, where it managed number 36. It was also the final single released by the Moody Blues prior to their five-year hiatus, which was agreed upon so each of the band members could pursue their own solo careers. Their next single would not be until 1978, with "Steppin' in a Slide Zone". | "I'm Just a Singer (In a Rock and Roll Band)" was originally released in 1972 as the final track on the album Seventh Sojourn and was later released as a single in 1973. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsene Wenger is facing another midfield injury headache after Francis Coquelin suffered a broken nose on Sunday. The Frenchman will discover today whether he needs surgery after he was injured in a nasty collision with team-mate Olivier Giroud before taking another blow in the closing stages. Should he need an operation, Coquelin could expect a prolonged period on the sidelines, but even if a procedure isn't required the midfielder is a doubt for Wednesday's trip to Queens Park Rangers. Arsenal midfielder Francis Coquelin broke his nose after two knocks to the face on Sunday against Everton . After a lengthy stoppage out, Coquelin was allowed to return the field of play having received treatment . This clash of heads in the second-half left Coquelin with bloody gushing out of his nose . Arsenal are already without key central midfielders Mikel Arteta and Jack Wilshere, while Aaron Ramsey and Mathieu Flamini, who didn't feature on the bench yesterday, only returned to training at the end of last week. 'Yes, Coquelin has broken his nose. If he needs surgery or not I don't know,' said Wenger. Coquelin needed lengthy treatment following the clash of heads in the 67th minute but played on until the 89th when he was hauled off after taking a second blow as he went up for a header with Steven Naismith. Coquelin is evidently in pain on the ground after a collision with Giroud broke his nose at the Emirates . And Wenger revealed it was the 23-year-old's decision to continue playing. 'After he took a hit on it again I had to take him off,' Wenger added. 'I had been told by medical people he could stay on and he wanted to stay on.' Arsenal keeper David Ospina made three excellent saves to shut out Everton and manager Roberto Martinez said: 'I felt we were the ones creating the chances and when you create them you need to take them.' | Arsenal face another injury blow after Francis Coquelin broke his nose . Gunners star may need surgery after clashing heads with Olivier Giroud . Arsene Wenger must now put up with another midfield selection headache . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kell Brook is determined to complete his remarkable journey from 'game over' to home city glory when he puts his IBF welterweight title on the line for the first time in Sheffield on Saturday night. The 28-year-old will take to the ring against Romanian Jo Jo Dan less than six months after a horrific machete attack in Tenerife which left him fighting for his life with blood pouring from a 12-inch wound. And having fought his way up through the city's sports halls and leisure centres to finally top the bill in front of an expected crowd of more than 10,000, Brook admitted his biggest battle might be to stop his emotions getting the better of him. Kell Brook poses on the scales at the weigh in ahead of his match with title challenger Jo Jo Dan . Brook will defend his IBF welterweight title against Dan in his home city of Sheffield on Saturday night . Brook is set to compete less than six months after a horrific stab attack nearly left him dead in Tenerife . Dan poses on the scales at the weigh in ahead of his title match with IBF welterweight champion Brook . Brook's attack left him with a 12-inch wound on his thigh and he has shown great strength to recover . Brook said: 'When I was laid in hospital with my leg tied up it felt like I was at the bottom of my ocean and I remember when it first happened my whole life flashed before my eyes. 'I thought, 'this is game over for me now', but I remember getting to the hospital and being wheeled out and feeling the fresh air and seeing the birds flying about and thinking 'I'm here, I'm alive'. 'I think when you've been that close to death it definitely changes you. 'It is going to be hard going from the leisure centres to packing out the Arena, but I was born to do this and I believe I perform better under pressure. 'It took me a long time to get this belt and with what I've had to go through there is no way on this earth Jo Jo Dan is taking it off me. I've kept everyone waiting and they are in for a real treat.' Brook took the title from previous holder Shawn Porter in California in August and knows victory over Dan could pave the way to much more lucrative bouts in the 147lbs division. While his stated aim of sealing a showdown with the winner of the May super-fight between Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao may be over-ambitious, plenty of other potential money-spinning bouts remain. Brook claimed the IBF welterweight title in 2014 when he defeated the previous holder Shawn Porter (left) Brook and Dan square up with one another ahead of their IBF title match in Sheffield on Saturday . Brook has also expressed an interest in facing Floyd Mayweather or Manny Pacquiao in the near future . And while Brook is right not to under-estimate his Canada-based opponent, it is hard to see how the 33-year-old Dan is likely to pose much of a threat. His record is a solid enough 34-2 with 18 stoppage wins, but his two losses came on his only two previous forays anywhere near top class, both against Turkish opponent Selcuk Aydin in 2010 and 2011. Brook added: 'You can never look past any opponent and you never know what is going to happen - you have to take every fight and every day at a time. 'If you are asking me if I want to fight Mayweather or Pacquiao, of course I do. I'm the world champion and I'm leading the way and I've got to look for the higher profile fights. 'It is a piping hot division and it just makes it all the better that I'm the world champ and you've got all these other top fighters who want what I've got.' Brook and Dan shake hands ahead of their IBF welterweight title match in Sheffield on Saturday . | Kell Brook will defend his IBF welterweight title against Jo Jo Dan less than six months after a horrific machete attack which almost killed him . The 28-year-old will headline in his home city of Sheffield on Saturday having worked his way up through the local gyms and leisure centres . Brook says that the stabbing ordeal has helped to make him stronger . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Embattled Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson resigned Wednesday, a week after a scathing Justice Department report slammed his department. Jackson and the city "have agreed to a mutual separation," Ferguson officials announced. "It's a really hard pill to swallow," Jackson said in a text message responding to CNN's request for comment. He also confirmed his resignation in a letter to Ferguson's mayor. "It is with profound sadness that I am announcing I am stepping down from my position as chief of police for the city of Ferguson, Missouri," Jackson said, adding that serving the city as police chief "has been an honor and a privilege." The resignation will go into effect March 19, Jackson said, to "provide for an orderly transition of command." "I will continue to assist the city in any way I can in my capacity as private citizen," Jackson wrote. But even though he's about to be out of a job, Jackson will still collect a paycheck. Jackson will receive a severance payment and health insurance for one year, the city said, with Lt. Col. Al Eickhoff assuming his duties during a nationwide search for a new chief. Ferguson Mayor James Knowles said he couldn't go into details about the personnel discussions behind the decision to give Jackson a year of severance pay. "I think it's fair to say that in many executive level private industries, you would get a similar treatment," he said. Knowles said the police chief decided to resign "after a lot of soul searching." "I think it's important that we recognize that the chief made this decision because he wanted to do this," Knowles said. "He thought it was the best for the city and the Police Department." Hours after the announcement, protesters gathered outside the Ferguson Police Department. "Fight back," many chanted as they faced a long line of police officers. At least two people were arrested, CNN affiliate KMOV said, but it was not immediately clear why. As of late Wednesday night, the protest was largely peaceful. Jackson's resignation is the latest fallout from the Justice Department report, which exposed problems in the city's policing tactics and faulted Ferguson's officers for seeing residents as "sources of revenue," a practice that federal investigators said disproportionately targeted African-Americans. The investigators also found evidence of racist jokes being sent around by Ferguson police and court officials. Ferguson City Manager John Shaw stepped down Tuesday. The report mentions both men by name. Two police officers resigned last week and the city's top court clerk was fired in connection with racist emails, city spokesman Jeff Small said on Friday. Last week, Jackson declined to comment on details in the report. "I need to have time to really analyze this report so I can comment on it," Jackson told CNN Thursday. When asked what he planned to do about the report's findings, the chief said he would "take action as necessary." After his resignation Wednesday, he said in a written statement to CNN's Don Lemon that he was encouraged by the report's conclusion, which says that Ferguson "has the capacity to reform its approach to law enforcement." "We agree that Ferguson can do the tough work to see this through and emerge the best small town it can be," he said. Knowles told reporters Wednesday that the city is still analyzing the report. "We continue to go through that report and talk about where the breakdown was," he said. "The chief, being an honorable man, decided we needed to talk about the way moving forward was with someone else. He left." City officials, he said, still believe the Police Department can be reformed without being eliminated. "The city of Ferguson looks to become an example of how a community can move forward in the face of adversity," the mayor said. "We are committed to keeping our Police Department and having one that exhibits the highest degree of professionalism and fairness." When Jackson became Ferguson's police chief in 2010, it was supposed to be a relatively easy way to cap his career in law enforcement. After some 30 years with the St. Louis County Police Department, serving as commander of a drug task force and SWAT team supervisor, being a police chief of a smaller department should have been less stressful. The shooting of Michael Brown last year changed everything. Brown, an African-American teen, was unarmed when he was shot by a white Ferguson police officer. The incident exposed feelings of distrust between Ferguson's black community and its police department, which is overwhelmingly white. Darren Wilson, the officer who shot Brown, won't face any criminal charges for the shooting. In November, a grand jury decided not to indict him. Last week the Justice Department said Wilson's actions "do not constitute prosecutable violations" of federal civil rights law. He resigned from the department in November, citing security concerns. But that hasn't stopped criticism of the department from local residents and top federal officials. Even before the Justice Department report was finished, U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder said it was "pretty clear that the need for wholesale change in that department is appropriate." Critics have accused Jackson of inflaming tensions in the St. Louis suburb with his response to the shooting. Over the past six months, Jackson has defended his officers and vowed to work with the community. "I intend to see this thing through. And I've been working with a lot of community members to work on some progressive changes that will bring the community together and to open up dialogue and getting us all talking about serious issues and actually creating solutions to problems," he told CNN in November. CNN's Jason Carroll contributed to this report. | Protesters gather outside the Ferguson Police Department, chanting "Fight back" Police Chief Thomas Jackson's resignation is effective March 19 . The city says he'll get severance pay and health insurance for one year . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ever wished your odd-shaped boiled egg could roll around your mouth with spherical ease? This unusual kitchen gadget promises to do that - because it will transform your oval egg into a round golf ball. The Sports Huevos-Egg Shapers are perfect for sports fans wanting to serve dishes that feature the unmistakable shape of dimpled golf balls and were invented by design company Monkey Business. Scroll down for video . The Sports Huevos-Egg Shaper is able to transform an oval egg into a spherical ball . Tee-time! After just a minute in the gadget your eggs will now look like perfect golf balls . To create the ball-shaped eggs you boil one for a few minutes then allow it to cool enough to be able to peel the shell off. Once the shell is gone you place the warm egg in the shaper, squeeze it shut and submerge it in cold water for a few minutes to set. As it cools the egg takes on the shape of the golf ball. They also come in tennis and football varieties, and each pack of shapers costs £9.95 from Luckies of London. From left to right: To use them just boil an egg, peel off the shell and pop it in a Sports Huevos Add the ball into a bowl or pan of cold water and leave for a few minutes for the mould to make an impression . Caroline Burman, from Luckies, said: 'Sports Huevos were dreamed up by Israeli design company Monkey Business. 'They come in three styles - golf, tennis and football. 'They're aimed at anyone who wants to make their breakfast more egg-citing. They make a great Easter gift for anyone sporty, even if it's an armchair tennis fan, she said. 'To use them just boil an egg, peel off the shell and pop it in a Sports Huevos while it's still warm. 'Add the ball into a bowl or pan of cold water and leave for a few minutes for the mould to make an impression. 'The reaction to them has been fantastic. 'People love personalising their cooking, and it's a great little gift for sports fanatics at Easter - it certainly makes a healthier alternative to chocolate.' The Karato - a carrot peeler resembling a pencil sharpener - was launched by the same company last year . The kitchen gadget is three-inches long and two-inches wide and can also be used to sharpen parsnips and courgettes as well as other similarly-shaped vegetables . Monkey Business hit the headlines last year when they launched a carrot peeler in the shape of a pencil sharpener. The Karoto looks and works like an oversized pencil sharpener to peel vegetables such as courgettes and carrots or any similar-shaped vegetable such as the cucumber or parsnip. Its creators also claim the time-saving invention is safer than slicing the skin off vegetables compared to a standard peeler or knife. Karoto was designed by Avichai Tadmor for Monkey Business design studio in Israel. His team claim the Karoto can completely peel a carrot in less than 30 seconds and say that not only does it save time but the shavings can also be used to decorate salads. The kitchen gadget is three-inches long and two-inches wide and can also be used to sharpen carrots, for example, for presentation purposes. | Boring oval eggs transformed into perfect spherical dimpled balls . Kitchen gizmo invented by design company Monkey Business . The £9.95 moulder is now on sale now in Luckies of London . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Michael Graves, an American architect and designer, died Thursday at his home in Princeton, New Jersey, of natural causes, according to his firm. The award-winning architect died "suddenly and peacefully" from natural causes, according to a statement from Michael Graves Architecture and Design. He was 80. Graves was one of the most revered contemporary architects, known for his postmodern designs, and won hundreds of prizes in his field. He started his practice in 1964, which designed over 400 buildings worldwide. Architecture critics hailed him as one of the original American voices in architecture as he has designed hundreds of buildings for corporations, governments, foundations and universities. Among his noted works are The Portland Building in Oregon, The Humana Building in Louisville, Kentucky, the NCAA Hall of Champions in Indiana, and the Team Disney building in Burbank, California. He has been praised for making buildings functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. For many Americans, Graves might be best known as the designer of household items. One of his best known designs was the Alessi stainless steel teakettle with a red bird at the tip that sang when water had boiled. Graves helped propel Target and its collaborations with designers to massive popularity. His line for Target included practical items from tea kettles and drying racks to whimsical kitchen equipment like an avocado scooper and large bamboo salad tongs. His Target line came with a simple, idealistic premise: "Good design should be affordable to all." His designs were also sold at JCPenney and Black & Decker. He was awarded the National Medal of the Arts, as well as the Driehaus Prize for Classical Architecture. Born in Indianapolis, Graves received his training at the University of Cincinnati and Harvard. In 1962, he began teaching at Princeton University. In 2003, Graves became paralyzed from the chest down after suffering what started out as a sinus infection. Graves recalled being severely ill and examining the ugly sheets and bad design in hospitals. He decided: "It's far too ugly for me to die here." The illness phased in a new chapter in his life. Struggling in hospital rooms made him determined to improve health care facilities and designs, including more user-friendly hospital furniture for patients. "I wouldn't have been a health care nut if it hadn't been for my paralysis, so something good came from this," he told CNN in 2011. Michael Graves: Why hospital rooms don't work . Throughout his illness, Graves continued to sketch. "Whether I was paralyzed or not, I would draw, because drawing for me is like playing the piano," he told CNN. "You've got to keep practicing, got to keep doing it. It's not that you lose it, but you don't draw as well if you don't draw every day." | American architect Michael Graves dies in Princeton at age 80 . Graves designed buildings as well as household items like tea kettles for Target, JCPenney . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Delphina Valle dell'Erica resort in Sardinia is huge. Even the name is on the big side and when I looked at its website I had misgivings, not least because I have stayed in so many unwieldy hotels around the world that I always long for something small and personal. I had visions of elbowing fellow holidaymakers at the breakfast buffet and setting the alarm to grab a sun lounger that might actually face the sun. Mum's the word: Jodie and her son Indio enjoyed their first trip to Sardinia . What's more, this was to be an important holiday for my three-year-old son, Indio, and neither of us had been to this Italian island before. But, from the moment we set foot in the 28-hectare resort near Santa Teresa Gallura, I realised my worries were entirely misplaced. Frankly, we were bowled over. Yes, it is big - in fact it is really two hotels joined together - but it never felt big and there were days when we hardly saw a soul. It helps, of course, that there are five or six different beaches to choose from, four swimming pools (three with salt water), five restaurants, five bars, a mini football pitch and golf course. Our room faced the sea. On clear days we could see Corsica looming over the Strait of Bonifacio and every evening we were treated to spectacular sunsets. Whoever designed this place should take a bow. There were children's areas, adults-only areas, family areas and ones where no one seemed to go at all. Everywhere there was an abundance of trees, shrubs and pots spilling over with all the colours of the Mediterranean. You could potter about for hours along shaded walkways as if wandering around your own private garden. The word that kept coming into my mind was 'tranquil', which, given there are more than 250 rooms, is amazing. Even the staff seemed completely relaxed, but they were also highly efficient and went out of their way to make everyone feel special. On a couple of occasions I arranged for a babysitter for Indio and, believe me, I am not a mother who readily leaves her child with a total stranger. But I trusted them completely and Indio seemed to look forward to their arrival. There were very few British people staying - and lots of Italians. I took that as a good sign because Italians love children. They also love food and wine and are at their best in the sunshine. Come to think of it, food, wine and sunshine rate high on my own list of priorities — especially food, after MasterChef, where to my astonishment I reached the final. The big morning decision was whether to make camp by the pool or on one of the beaches. Bolts from the blue: The hotel sits on the serene waters of the Strait of Bonifacio . I liked having that choice and what I liked especially was that the beaches were quiet and not overrun with jet skiers. One day, I dropped Indio off at the kids' club and booked in for a day of windsurfing and kitesurfing. I learned to windsurf in Barbados, where my mother and brother still live and where I try to visit as often as I can. But I had never attempted kite-surfing. Kite-surfing is great fun once you get the hang of it - and you need a good teacher. It's also fantastic exercise, because it depends a lot on core muscles and, as we are relentlessly told by fitness gurus, it's those core muscles that form the basis of a well-toned body. With kitesurfing, you first have to learn how to fly a kite, which means getting to grips with the direction of the wind. In fact, there's a lot of preparation work to do before going on the water and having a board strapped to your feet. I seemed to get the hang of it. Perhaps our best day was when we went out on Poseidon, one of the resort's fishing boats. We went exploring around the north point and then visited the island of Maddalena. It was magical - and the ice creams were the best ever. We called in at the church of Santa Maria Maddalena and then I swam back to the boat and was met with drinks and canapes. Delphina has a Thalasso spa, where I spent as much time as I could. It has lots of jets that pummel your body into submission but afterwards you feel amazingly invigorated and ready to conquer the world. Actually, I think Indio and I both felt ready to conquer something or other after our a week at Delphina. More importantly, our holiday worked brilliantly for both of us. I know we will be back and just hope it's soon. Double rooms at Resort Valle dell'Erica Thalasso & Spa (0039 0789 790316, www.delphinahotels.co.uk) start at £103 per person per night, half-board. easyJet (easyjet.com) flies from London to Olbia from £58 return. More information on Sardinia at www.sardegnaturismo.it/en. | Model and MasterChef Jodie Kidd contestant took her son Indio to Italy . They spent their holiday on Sardinia - neither had visited the island before . They stayed at the family-friendly Delphina Valle dell'Erica resort . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Five people are confirmed dead and 25 more are missing and presumed dead after a shopping center in the city of Kazan collapsed in a fire, Russian emergency officials said. Officials said on Thursday that the toll of missing at the Admiral centre is based on reports from relatives and workers in the shopping center, 450 miles east of Moscow. Forty people were injured in the blaze. Firefighters extinguish a fire at a shopping mall in Kazan, 720 kilometers (450 miles) east of Moscow, Russia . Regional emergency services head Igor Panshin was quoted by the Tass news agency as saying 'the hope of finding survivors under the shopping center debris has been abandoned.' The cause of the fire that began Wednesday has not been determined. At first a security guard battled with the flames on his own before calling the emergency services, according to the BBC. It's thought that the blaze began in a cafe situated next to the shopping centre. Officials believe a 43,000-square-foot area has been razed to the ground. Around 500 riot police were eventually deployed to stop members of the public entering the building. The cause of the fire that began Wednesday has not been determined . Officials said on Thursday that the toll of missing is based on reports from relatives and workers in the shopping centre . According to local media many of those injured in the fire were hurt as they tried to save their shopping . It's thought that the blaze began in a cafe situated next to the shopping centre . | Many injured as they tried to save their shopping, it's been reported . The cause of the fire in the city of Kazan has yet to be determined . The toll of the missing based on reports from relatives and workers . |
What was the first American college rowing club? | Modern rowing as a competitive sport can be traced to the early 17th century when professional watermen held races (regattas) on the River Thames in London, England. Often prizes were offered by the London Guilds and Livery Companies. Amateur competition began towards the end of the 18th century with the arrival of "boat clubs" at British public schools. Similarly, clubs were formed at colleges within Oxford and Cambridge in the early nineteenth century. Public rowing clubs were beginning at the same time in England, Germany, and the United States. The first American college rowing club was formed in 1843 at Yale College. | The first American college rowing club was founded at Yale College in 1843/ |
Please describe the broad classes of Reinforcement Learning (RL) within Machine Learning and what problems they attempt to address. | Associative reinforcement learning
Associative reinforcement learning tasks combine facets of stochastic learning automata tasks and supervised learning pattern classification tasks. In associative reinforcement learning tasks, the learning system interacts in a closed loop with its environment.
Deep reinforcement learning
This approach extends reinforcement learning by using a deep neural network and without explicitly designing the state space. The work on learning ATARI games by Google DeepMind increased attention to deep reinforcement learning or end-to-end reinforcement learning.
Adversarial deep reinforcement learning
Adversarial deep reinforcement learning is an active area of research in reinforcement learning focusing on vulnerabilities of learned policies. In this research area some studies initially showed that reinforcement learning policies are susceptible to imperceptible adversarial manipulations. While some methods have been proposed to overcome these susceptibilities, in the most recent studies it has been shown that these proposed solutions are far from providing an accurate representation of current vulnerabilities of deep reinforcement learning policies.
Fuzzy reinforcement learning
By introducing fuzzy inference in RL, approximating the state-action value function with fuzzy rules in continuous space becomes possible. The IF - THEN form of fuzzy rules make this approach suitable for expressing the results in a form close to natural language. Extending FRL with Fuzzy Rule Interpolation allows the use of reduced size sparse fuzzy rule-bases to emphasize cardinal rules (most important state-action values).
Inverse reinforcement learning
In inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), no reward function is given. Instead, the reward function is inferred given an observed behavior from an expert. The idea is to mimic observed behavior, which is often optimal or close to optimal.
Safe reinforcement learning
Safe reinforcement learning (SRL) can be defined as the process of learning policies that maximize the expectation of the return in problems in which it is important to ensure reasonable system performance and/or respect safety constraints during the learning and/or deployment processes. | Reinforcement Learning is an area of Machine Learning that works in a problem space or environment where the agent or Reinforcement Learning algorithm, uses an understanding of the past test results and the potential paths through the environment to calculate a policy that solves for the goal of a maximized reward.
Given the variety of environments that RL can operate in, there are a range of approaches that the agent can take and are broadly categarized as six different approaches:
1. Associated RL - which combines traditional approaches of Machine Learning classification with the automated learning on random, or stochastically distributed results.
2. Deep RL - which leverages traditional deep neural networks but allows for flexibility and a lack of pre-defined layers and the state space.
3. Adversarial Deep RL - where end results are compared using vulnerabilities in state stored in Deep Neural Networks and attempts to find weaknesses in these models.
4. Fuzzy RL - which leverages a near natural language definition of if-then fuzzy rules which determine the calculation of the value of a result.
5. Inverse RL - which removes the common reward function evaluation part of the model and instead injects a human to observe and evalutate the results.
6. Safe RL - is an approach to defining policies that also takes into account the behavior of the agent in the envionment, such that those agent steps are reasonaable or respect safety constraints. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | If you are easily distracted by your smartphone or long for the return of simple mobiles that don't require lots of apps, then this ‘anti-smartphone’ is for you. The round phone, described as the first personal device for the 'post-smartphone era', is modelled on an old-fashioned pocket watch. The Runcible is a pebble-shaped prototype and includes a phone and camera, an HD circular screen and a wooden case. Scroll down for video . A round phone called the Runcible (pcictured), is described as the first personal device for the post-smartphone era and is modelled on an old-fashioned pocket watch . It’s designed ‘refocus users' attention on real people and the real world’ and is touted as being the ‘world's first heirloom electronic,’ by Monohm Inc, which created the prototype. Aubrey Anderson, CEO and co-founder of the California-based company, said: ‘People need something to let them control their digital lives in clean, quiet, simple ways. The pebble-shaped device includes a phone and camera, as well as an HD circular screen (pictured left and seen right). It’s designed ‘refocus users' attention on real people and the real world’ and is touted as being the ‘world's first heirloom electronic’ Experts predicted that this year, people will forsake gadgets, social networks and other technology in favour of the simple life. In its sixth annual Digital Trends Report, London-based communications agency Hotwire, said we are entering the era of the 'neo-Luddite' and people are working on things to help us switch off. It's thought people are growing less keen on social media ans apps because of their irritation with adverts. The report, which followed figures by Ofcom released in December, found the number of weekly UK visitors to social networks is now 56 per cent - a drop from 65 per cent this time last year. The US, China and Japan saw similar decreases - but to a lesser extent. Elsewhere, in August, a team of developers launched a Kickstarter campaign to fund production of its noPhone - a fake handset designed to wean people off their tech addiction. ‘Runcible is the alternative to the increasingly invasive and commodified smartphone whose app-centric approach distracts us from our lives instead of helping us live them.’ The device, which is a cross between a traditional mobile phone and a wearable device, features the ‘first’ high resolution, fully round screen in a phone, as well as a high performance camera, although it is no specified how good it is. Inspiration for the unusual shape comes from ‘devices that humans have always carried with them: the pocket watch, the compass, the magical stone that fits the palm of our hand,’ the company said. The device, which is a cross between a traditional mobile phone and a wearable device, features a camera (seen on these prototypes) The device is built on Mozilla’s Firefox operating system and will see users visiting mobile websites instead of navigating the web via dedicated apps. It also includes features designed to refocus users’ attention on real people and the real world. For example, a maps feature shows the most interesting route to a chosen destination, rather than the fastest, social media feeds are summarised and the device is silent. ‘Runcible will never beep, alert or otherwise interrupt us, enabling us to keep our attention where it has always meant to be,’ the firm said. It offers connectivity expected of a smartphone, such as LTE, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. ‘For the rest of the time, you can keep your head up, your attention on the real world and real people around you, and maintain your sense of wonder about life,’ according to the company's website. The device requires no apps or extra software and is intended to last for years, unlike other smartphones, which are typically traded in for a newer modelafter 24 months. ‘Runcible’s parts can be removed, repaired, and upgraded, enabling the device to be kept for decades,’ the firm said. It aims to build what it calls ‘new necessities,’ which are devices that combine form, function and technology that allow people to have ‘a more civilised relationship with…[their] digital life.’ The device is currently a prototype and is being unveiled at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, this week. Availability and pricing will be revealed towards the end of this year. It is likely that the phone will cost the same as a premium, unlocked smartphone, such as an iPhone 6, which is around £540 ($650). Blackout: The range is fully encrypted by default and comes with secure features that let you make calls and send texts that are impossible to track . There's now a range of 'spy' phones designed to keep users off the grid, so advertisers can;t track their every move, for example. The original Blackphone was unveiled last year and its successor - the Blackphone 2 - as well as the first ever Blacktablet have been announced at this year’s Mobile World Congress in Barcelona. The range is fully encrypted by default and comes with a suite of secure features that let you make calls and send texts that are impossible to eavesdrop on or track. Blackphone’s Android-based devices are built by Spanish manufacturer GeeksPhone alongside security experts Silent Circle and Pretty Good Privacy (PGP). They launched the original handset at last year’s Mobile World Congress and told MailOnline that the range is for people who ‘want to stay private without compromising on the features seen on typical Android phones.’ Everything from the custom-built PrivatOS to web browsing and apps, are encrypted, or have been fitted with an extra layer of security. PrivatOS is a so-called ‘skin’ that runs on top of traditional Android software, meaning all Android apps are compatible. As the firm explained: ‘There is no bloatware, no hooks to carriers, and no leaky data. ‘It puts privacy in the hands of you and your [business], without any sacrifices.’ If the Blackphone 2 is locked, a business can remotely lock and wipe just the enterprise profile while letting the owner take control of the private profile. Internet access is carried out through a virtual private network (VPN) that sends and receives data in a way designed to keep it hidden. Inspiration for the unusual shape comes from ‘devices that humans have always carried with them: the pocket watch (pictured left), the compass (right), the magical stone that fits the palm of our hand,’ the company said . ‘Runcible’s parts can be removed, repaired, and upgraded, enabling the device to be kept for decades,’ the firm said. It aims to build what it calls ‘new necessities,’ which are devices that combine form, function and technology, which allow people to have ‘a more civilised relationship with…[their] digital life’ | Device includes a phone and camera, as well as an HD circular screen . Called the Runcible, it's a cross between a smartphone and a wearable . Gadget is modelled on an old-fashioned pocket watch and compass . It could cost around the same as a high-end unlocked smartphone . |
What is the primary information in this paragraph? | Racial categories have historically been used as a way to enable an oppressive figure or group to discriminate against other groups or individuals which were seen as different from that of the oppressor. In nineteenth and early twentieth century Europe, artwork was a common form of racialization which targeted countries in the Middle East and Asia. The artwork, predominantly paintings, were portrayed in order to instill prejudice in the Western populations through sexualizing and manipulating images. One of the most prominent examples of Orientalist work in art is a piece by Eugène Delacroix titled Women of Algiers in their Apartment. Dating back to 1834, it portrays three women resting in a harem in exotic clothing while an African woman is dressed in plain clothing, depicting her role as a servant. Fine textiles, hookahs, and other paraphernalia adorn the room, which represents a European fantasy of an exotic scene. Attempts to portray these cultures as strange, foreign and exotic through Orientalism led to intolerance towards the Arab and Asian communities in Europe and the United States. Others argue that Delacroix, who travelled in North Africa sketching extensively, was depicting a realistic scene of the era based on his first-hand knowledge and experience. In such an interpretation the clothing, for example, is consistent with the times, as Arab North Africans dressed differently from Europeans, and kept black slaves who would not have been treated as equals. | The paragraph discussed racial manipulation in the 19th to 20th centuries. It considers Europeans to be discriminative against people from the Middle East, Asia and North Africa, and uses artist expressions to communicate and manipulate these prejudice to their general population. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Angelina Jolie's essay in the New York Times revealing that she had her ovaries and Fallopian tubes removed to lower her risk of cancer provoked an outpouring of support as the news spread across social media. Jolie, 39, wrote that she had opted for the surgery after blood tests revealed markers that might have been an indication of early cancer. Two years ago, she underwent a double mastectomy for similar reasons. Jolie's mother died of ovarian cancer, and the actress has a gene mutation that makes her chances of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer much higher than the overall population. Many were inspired by her decision and her choice to open up about the surgery. Others saw an opportunity for helping educate women and advocate for their health, a cause near and dear to Jolie's own heart. Some worried for the star, who wrote in her op-ed that "the fact is I remain prone to cancer." The Internet being what it is, others took Jolie's announcement as a chance to mock. Most, however, weren't having any of it. | Praise pours in for Angelina Jolie's decision to go public with surgery decision . She had ovaries, Fallopian tubes removed to reduce cancer risk, she says in New York Times . "Angelina Jolie is an amazing woman," one Twitter user wrote . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Salford half-back Theo Fages has accepted a two-match ban for foul play. The France international admitted a grade C charge of making dangerous contact on Castleford hooker Adam Milner during Red Devils' 30-16 defeat by the Tigers last Friday. Fages' ban will start with Thursday's home game against Widnes. Castleford forwards Nathan Massey and Matt Cook will miss Friday's home game against Hull after being given one-match bans for striking in the same match. Salford half-back Theo Fages has accepted a two-match ban for foul play . Cook submitted an early-guilty plea while Massey was found guilty by a disciplinary tribunal and also fined £300. It was the first suspension of Massey's career and was imposed despite the support of his 'victim' Rangi Chase. 'Want to say thanks to @Rangi06Chase for submitting a letter to help us in are appeal,' Massey tweeted. 'didnt have to wanted to help out, class act.' | Theo Fages admitted making dangerous contact on Adam Milner . The incident took place during Salford's defeat to Castleford last Friday . Fages has been banned for two matches for the grade C charge . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Sony Pictures is expanding its "Ghostbusters" movies with Ghost Corps, a collective headed by original "Ghostbusters" director Ivan Reitman and star Dan Aykroyd, that will oversee the expansion of the movie franchise beyond a cinematic universe into television and merchandising. The first order of business will be to develop a new male-oriented "Ghostbusters" that will be released after the much ballyhooed female-centric movie being put together by Paul Feig. The movie, which is to star Kirsten Wiig and Melissa McCarthy, shoots this summer and will be released July 22, 2016. New all-female 'Ghostbusters' cast chosen . Joe and Anthony Russo, the duo behind "Captain America: The Winter Soldier" and who signed a first-look deal with Sony last week, are being tapped to produce and direct the new movie. Drew Pearce, who penned "Iron Man 3", will write the script while Channing Tatum, another Sony favorite after the 22 Jump Street movies, will also produce with his partners Reid Carolin and Peter Kiernan. If all goes as planned, Tatum would also star in the movie. Read the original 1984 THR review of 'Ghostbusters' Reitman will also produce the new movie. Sony is one of the studios less franchise-rich than others, such as Disney or Warner Bros. or even Paramount, which is cranking out "Transformers" and "G.I. Joe" movies. Female Ghostbusters? Why Studios Want More Women-Led Blockbusters . How seriously is Sony taking this? Enough that Reitman is moving his entire staff of his production banner The Montecito Picture Co. onto the studio lot to focus on this endeavor. Montecito and Ghost Corps will be separate entities, however. ©2015 The Hollywood Reporter. All rights reserved. | Sony Pictures is planning a "cinematic universe" similar to the Marvel films for its "Ghostbusters" franchise . Channing Tatum will star in one of the films, described as "male-oriented" "Ghostbusters" reboot is already planned with female cast . |
Who did Stafford throw touchdown passes to in Super Bowl LV? | Against the Cincinnati Bengals in Super Bowl LVI, Stafford and the Rams came away victorious on their home field with a final score of 23–20. Scoring started early in the first quarter thanks to a long drive that culminated in a Odell Beckham Jr. touchdown reception. The Bengals managed a field goal to make the score 7–3. Stafford then tossed another touchdown to wide receiver Cooper Kupp on the next possession to extend the lead to 13–3. On the first play of the second half, however, the Bengals retook the lead, 17–13. After field goals by both teams, the Rams trailed by a score of 20–16 in the fourth quarter. Stafford orchestrated a drive in the final minutes that ended with another touchdown pass to Kupp to regain the lead at 23–20. Overall, Stafford completed 26 of his 40 pass attempts for 283 yards, three passing touchdowns, and two interceptions as he earned his first championship ring in his first season with the Rams. | The text provided does not mention information about Super Bowl LV. However, it does provide information regarding Super Bowl LVI.
In Super Bowl LVI, Stafford threw 3 touchdown passes, two to Cooper Kupp and one to Odell Beckham Jr.
In the first quarter, Stafford led a long drive that culminated in a Odell Beckham Jr. touchdown reception. Stafford later tossed a touchdown to wide receiver Cooper Kupp. In the fourth quarter, Stafford orchestrated a drive in the final minutes that ended with another touchdown pass to Kupp. |
Locate the classification of Picasso's work over time on the text, extract including the description and the period, and place them in a bullet list | Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War.
Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. After 1906, the Fauvist work of the older artist Henri Matisse motivated Picasso to explore more radical styles, beginning a fruitful rivalry between the two artists, who subsequently were often paired by critics as the leaders of modern art.
Picasso's work is often categorized into periods. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced Period (1907–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919), also referred to as the Crystal period. Much of Picasso's work of the late 1910s and early 1920s is in a neoclassical style, and his work in the mid-1920s often has characteristics of Surrealism. His later work often combines elements of his earlier styles.
Exceptionally prolific throughout the course of his long life, Picasso achieved universal renown and immense fortune for his revolutionary artistic accomplishments, and became one of the best-known figures in 20th-century art. | Blue Period (1901–1904)
Rose Period (1904–1906)
African-influenced Period (1907–1909)
Analytic Cubism (1909–1912)
Synthetic Cubism or Crystal Period (1912–1919)
Surrealism (mid-1920s) |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Louis van Gaal believes he retains the full backing of the Glazer family despite a difficult first year in charge of Manchester United. The next five matches will have a big bearing on whether Van Gaal's maiden season at the club will be regarded as a success or failure. United are two points inside the top four with 10 matches to go and after Sunday's game against Tottenham, they face Liverpool, Aston Villa, Manchester City and Chelsea. Louis van Gaal is targeting second place in the Barclays Premier League with a late push in the run-in . The Manchester United manager believes catching local rivals Manchester City is an achievable target . Despite a run of three defeats in 23 matches, some supporters have complained about a lack of tempo, flair and width from Van Gaal's side. But, crucially, the United boss thinks he still has the support of the Glazer family, who own the club, and executive vice-chairman Ed Woodward. 'I have faith that I can complete my three years,' the United manager said. 'I think they are pleased with my way of managing the club.' Van Gaal proudly recalled the long list of successes to support his point at a press conference on Friday. The Dutchman reminded those present that he had won silverware in his first season at Ajax, Barcelona and Bayern Munich. Ryan Giggs and Van Gaal haven't had the greatest season but are still well in with a chance of a top four spot . The 63-year-old also recalled the fact that he won the 2008-09 Eredivisie with AZ Alkmaar a year after finishing 11th. 'I said I will (leave) but the (AZ) players came to my house to ask me to stay, and the board also,' he said. 'Then we were the champion.' Van Gaal accepts it will be 'very difficult' to win a trophy in his maiden year in England. United are out of the FA Cup following their quarter-final defeat to Arsenal and they are 10 points behind Chelsea, who have a match in hand. Van Gaal's sole task is bringing Champions League football back to Old Trafford. The Dutchman has not contemplated what failure would cost United. 'No. I don't think I am here to think about the financial consequences. That is Ed Woodward. I am here to manage the professional football department of Manchester United,' Van Gaal said. United are facing a difficult run following their FA Cup exit at the hands of Arsenal last Monday . Van Gaal has been criticised for his 'long ball' tactics but insists the club support his philosophy . 'I am here because of my qualities and my philosophy. That we have spoken about in our first sessions with each other, Ed Woodward and myself. After that I have spoken with the Glazers. Because of those discussions I am here now. 'I am not thinking of the consequences if we are not in the first four. It is very bad for the club. But why do we have to speak about things that are not happening yet? 'We are longer in the top four than Arsenal.' Van Gaal is likely to receive significant backing in the transfer market regardless of where United finish. Most of last year's signings continue to struggle. Angel di Maria cost £59.7million but his star has faded fast after an encouraging start. British football's record signing is suspended for Sunday's match against Spurs after being sent off for tugging referee Michael Oliver's shirt in the defeat to Arsenal. The Argentinian has also had to deal with off-the-pitch problems, most notably a house move after his Cheshire mansion was targeted by burglars in February. Van Gaal insists Di Maria is happy at United and believes he will be at the club next season despite rumours of interest from abroad. Angel di Maria pleads his innocence after being booked by referee Michael Oliver in the defeat to Arsenal . Oliver shows the red card to Di Maria after he tugged at the referees shirt following a yellow card . 'As a manager you can never say no or yes because, in the end, the player shall always decide. But I don't think he shall move,' Van Gaal said. 'Nevertheless, his incident with his wife at home, he is very pleased to be here at Manchester United. 'I think that he shall stay because his reaction after the defeat and the red card is very good. I like his attitude.' Van Gaal says his door is always open if Di Maria or any other player becomes unhappy. Van Gaal insists Di Maria will stay at Old Trafford, despite his unrest both on and off the field . 'I am always like that,' he said. 'That is part of my philosophy. A football player is not only a man who kicks the ball. Also, his environment is influencing him. I shall always be open for (that). 'I know also the commercial interests of the club and we have to respect that also because you cannot give a lot of money for the player and the next season you put him out of your selection,' Van Gaal added. 'It is also the quality of the player. Then they also have to pay the sum.' | Louis van Gaal says Manchester United trust in his philosophy . The Dutchman has struggled in his first season in charge . But Van Gaal defended his record and insists the club will stick with him . |
What are the ten essentials? Give your answer in JSON, with the name and examples of each essential. | The ninth edition of Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills, published in 2017, defines the Ten Essentials as:
Navigation: map, altimeter, compass, GPS device, personal locator beacon
Headlamp: with LED bulb and spare batteries
Sun protection: sunglasses, sun protective clothing, sunscreen
First aid: a first aid kit, wrapped in waterproof packaging
Knife: hikers on a short trip may also carry a multi-tool, strong adhesive tape and cordage; on a longer trip, further small tools may be useful
Fire: the means to both start and sustain a fire; either a butane lighter or matches, or other fire making device. Firestarters for igniting even wet wood, and in areas where no firewood will be available, a stove is highly advisable.
Shelter: plastic tube tent, jumbo plastic trash bag or bivy sack
Extra food: at least one day's food for a short hike, that should require no cooking.
Extra water: drinking water and the skills and tools to purify water
Extra clothes: additional items may be needed if spending the night in the emergency shelter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_Essentials | [
{"name": "Navigation", "examples": ["map", "altimeter", "compass", "GPS device", "personal locator beacon"]},
{"name": "Headlamp", "examples": ["LED headlamp", "spare batteries"]},
{"name": "Sun protection", "examples": ["sunglasses", "sun protective clothing", "sunscreen"]},
{"name": "First aid", "examples": ["first aid kit"]},
{"name": "Knife", "examples": ["knife", "multi-tool", "tape", "cordage"]},
{"name": "Fire", "examples": ["butane lighter", "matches", "firestarters", "stove"]},
{"name": "Shelter", "examples": ["plastic tube tent", "jumbo plastic trash bag", "bivy sack"]},
{"name": "Extra food", "examples": ["at least one day's food"]},
{"name": "Extra water", "examples": ["drinking water", "skills and tools to purify water"]},
{"name": "Extra clothes", "examples": ["items to spend the night"]}
] |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This was the scene as hundreds of travellers arrived in a quiet village before packing out the parish church for a funeral service. More than 1,200 mourners descended on Aldermaston in Berkshire with a cortege consisting of six stretched limousines, three horse-drawn carriages and five flatbed trucks covered in flowers. Traffic police were called to the roads surrounding St Mary the Virgin Church as huge crowds arrived to pay their respects to Brian Frankham, a prominent member of a nearby traveller community. Up to 1,200 mourners descended on Aldermaston in Berkshire with a cortege consisting of six stretched limousines, three horse-drawn carriages and five flat-bed trucks covered in flowers . Two men catch a lift on the back of a horse drawn carriage as they make their way through the streets of Aldermaston in Berkshire . About 200 people followed horse drawn carriages into the village on their way to St Mary the Virgin Church. Police were called in to monitor the flow of those arriving . Police were called to the roads surrounding St Mary the Virgin Church as a steady flow of people arrived to pay their respects to Brian Frankham, a prominent member of a nearby traveller community . After the service, many of the travellers are said to have moved on to a wake seven miles away. Mr Frankham is believed to have lived on a travellers' site in the parish . The procession was led by a man riding a white horse, followed by three horse-drawn carriages - one of which contained the coffin. A crowd of about 200 people followed the cortege before meeting hundreds more at the church. One floral tribute showed what appeared to be a brown shotgun and red cartridges on a background of white flowers, along with the words 'Dangerous Brian'. Another message of condolence said: 'Uncle Brian. Someone special. Wonderful memories woven in gold. This is a picture I tenderly hold. Dearer still as the years depart.' Eyewitnesses described seeing crowds of people attending the service with dozens of cars parked up on side roads in the area. After the service, many of the travellers are said to have moved on to a wake seven miles away. Parish council chairman Dave Shirt said Mr Frankham was part of a community that lived in a travellers' site within the parish boundaries. The procession was led by a man riding a white horse (pictured), followed by three horse-drawn carriages - one of which contained the coffin . One message of condolence said: 'Uncle Brian. Someone special. Wonderful memories woven in gold. This is a picture I tenderly hold. Dearer still as the years depart' Paying respects: Eyewitnesses described seeing crowds of people attending the service with dozens of cars parked up on side roads in the area . Many of the pubs closed for lunch as the funeral service took place. Earlier, hundreds had followed a cortege as it made its way into the village . He said that the council rarely had any contact with Mr Frankham, who, he said, had changed his surname a number of years ago. Councillor Shirt said pubs near the church closed at lunchtime, adding: 'I was talking to a traffic police officer who said there were 1,200 people. There were lots of cars swamping the village and blocking the roads. 'It was quite a spectacle to see the culture of their community with so many people and the way they did things and the use of the horses. It was well worth seeing. 'They went off to the wake seven miles away from us afterwards. I have not heard anything since then.' | More than 1,200 travellers descended on the village of Aldermaston in Berkshire for the funeral of Brian Frankham . Traffic police were called in a steady flow of mourners gathered to pay their respects at St Mary the Virgin Church . The funeral cortege consisted of six stretched limousines, three horse-drawn carriages and five flatbed trucks . One floral tribute showed what appeared to be a shotgun and cartridges along with the words 'Dangerous Brian' |
where is India | India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area and the second-most populous country. | India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area and the second-most populous country. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. |
Who is Pearl Jam? | Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1990. The band's lineup consists of founding members Jeff Ament (bass guitar), Stone Gossard (rhythm guitar), Mike McCready (lead guitar), and Eddie Vedder (lead vocals, guitar), as well as Matt Cameron (drums), who joined in 1998. Keyboardist Boom Gaspar has also been a touring/session member with the band since 2002. | Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1990. The band's lineup consists of founding members Jeff Ament (bass guitar), Stone Gossard (rhythm guitar), Mike McCready (lead guitar), and Eddie Vedder (lead vocals, guitar), as well as Matt Cameron (drums), who joined in 1998. Keyboardist Boom Gaspar has also been a touring/session member with the band since 2002. Drummers Jack Irons, Dave Krusen, Matt Chamberlain, and Dave Abbruzzese are former members of the band. Pearl Jam outsold many of their contemporaries from the early 1990s, and are considered one of the most influential bands of the decade, being dubbed as "the most popular American rock and roll band of the '90s".
Formed after the demise of Gossard and Ament's previous band, Mother Love Bone, Pearl Jam broke into the mainstream with their debut album, Ten, in 1991. Ten stayed on the Billboard 200 chart for nearly five years, and has gone on to become one of the highest-selling rock records ever, going 13× platinum in the United States. Released in 1993, Pearl Jam's second album, Vs., sold over 950,000 copies in its first week of release, setting the record for most copies of an album sold in its first week of release at the time. Their third album, Vitalogy (1994), became the second-fastest-selling CD in history at the time, with more than 877,000 units sold in its first week.
One of the key bands in the grunge movement of the early 1990s, Pearl Jam's members often shunned popular music industry practices such as making music videos or participating in interviews. The band also sued Ticketmaster, claiming it had monopolized the concert-ticket market. In 2006, Rolling Stone described the band as having "spent much of the past decade deliberately tearing apart their own fame."
Pearl Jam had sold more than 85 million albums worldwide by 2018, including nearly 32 million albums in the United States by 2012, making them one of the best-selling bands of all time. Pearl Jam was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2017 in its first year of eligibility. They were ranked eighth in a readers' poll by Rolling Stone magazine in its "Top Ten Live Acts of All Time" issue. Throughout its career, the band has also promoted wider social and political issues, from pro-abortion rights sentiments to opposition to George W. Bush's presidency. Vedder acts as the band's spokesman on these issues. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)For years, Native Americans have called on Washington Redskins owner Dan Snyder to change the team's name. It's a dictionary-defined racial slur that's dehumanizing to Native Americans. And, in my view, that outweighs the arguments of Redskins advocates who defend the name as a symbol of team pride. But what about the thousands of high schools across the United States that have the name as its mascot? Where do they fit in the debate? Once you factor in freedom of speech, how should one approach this issue? Recently, in upstate New York, the Lancaster Central District School Board unanimously voted to retire its high school's mascot and moniker -- the "Redskins." The board called the mascot "a symbol of ethnic stereotyping" and said the school "cannot continue practices which are offensive and hurtful to others" -- namely Native Americans. Some students opposed the board's decision citing school legacy and tradition. A group of Lancaster High students hosted a walk out in protest with many carrying placards reading, "Redskins Pride" and "Once a Redskin, Always a Redskin." Coincidentally, around the same time in Delaware, the Conrad Schools of Science announced it will begin to take steps to drop its "Redskins" mascot before the beginning of the 2015-16 school year. Local school districts are responding to the growing chorus of voices who oppose antiquated Native American mascots. Furthermore, there's research that shows Indian mascots and monikers harm the mental health of Native American youths. According to one study, Native American students are reported to have low self-esteem and a suppressed sense of self-worth as a consequence of such images and language. Other research shows how all ethnic groups are hurt by poor representations of Native Americans. People "are more likely to negatively stereotype other ethnic groups as well," according to Wendy Quinton, clinical assistant professor of psychology at the University at Buffalo. What the Conrad Schools of Science and the Lancaster school board decisions represent for Native Americans are hope -- for us and our kids -- that broader awareness is changing perspectives and that hurtful stereotypical nicknames should not have to be tolerated by any ethnic group. Still, there's the issue of free speech. Many have made the argument that Native Americans like me are trampling on the First Amendment when we call for the Washington football team to change its name. Even the ACLU has chimed in on the matter. On March 6, the organization said in a blog it does not support the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office's decision to cancel federal trademark protection of the Washington football team's use of the word "redskins." In June of last year, the USPTO had repealed six of the team's seven trademarks, finding the r-word is "disparaging to Native Americans." Although the ACLU agrees the team name is "offensive and perpetuates racism against Native Americans," it cannot support what it refers to as language policing. "... Because the First Amendment protects against government interference in private speech," staff attorney Esha Bhandari wrote. "It isn't government's role to pick and choose which viewpoints are acceptable and which are not." Here's the thing, folks -- no one has a First Amendment right to federal trademark protection. Tara Houska, a tribal rights attorney in Washington, said, "Freedom of speech is a fundamental right. In contrast, federal trademark protection is a privilege that one applies for at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office." I think the ACLU is confusing rights with privileges. The U.S. government isn't telling the Washington football team it can't use the word. According to the USPTO, Snyder and his ilk can keep using the team name -- he just won't have federal trademark protection. Last month, Democratic Rep. Mike Honda of California filed a bill that would ban existing and future teams that use the word from receiving federal trademark protection. He told me he's "disappointed" that the ACLU would defend the Washington team, which he refers to as "a multi-billion dollar company profiting off a racial slur." "The First Amendment is not the issue here -- no one, including the football team, would be prohibited from using the name," he wrote in an email. "The team would only lose their exclusive rights to it." And in the case of Lancaster High Schools, the government didn't step in -- the decision to retire the name was made by conscientious objectors in the community. Let's look at the issue from another angle. What do we do as responsible adults when we learn a habit or tradition is adversely affecting our children? We do everything we can to fix the problem. What we do not do is make excuses so we can continue the terrible habit. As the late Maya Angelou so aptly put it, "Do the best you can until you know better. Then when you know better, do better." America needs to do better as a whole with regard to Native Americans. This isn't just about Indian mascots. This isn't just about offensive racial slurs. This is about the dehumanization of Native Americans. And if history has shown us anything, it's that when one group dehumanizes another, bad things happen. Honda's bill, the USPTO's repeal and the Lancaster school board's decision are not examples of anti-free speech madness. They are acting like responsible adults in defense of children who are at risk. And as for me, I'll protect children first before I protect anyone's right to harm them. | Recently, schools are deciding to retire the term 'redskins' for their mascots . Simon Moya-Smith: It's a dictionary-defined racial slur that's dehumanizing to Native Americans . |
What language is spoken on the Aru Islands? | Batuley (Gwatle lir) is a language spoken on the Aru Islands of eastern Indonesia. It is close to Mariri; Hughes (1987) estimates that around 80% of lexical items are shared. The language's name comes from the Gwatle island (Batuley in Indonesian), which the Batuley consider their homeland (Daigle (2015)). | Batulay is the language spoken on the Aru Islands. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Claims emerged on Tuesday that Karrueche Tran's on-off boyfriend Chris Brown had fathered a child with another woman. And by Wednesday morning the 26-year-old dumped the singer via Twitter, writing: 'Listen. One can only take so much. The best of luck to Chris and his family.' 'No baby drama for me,' the model and socialite concluded, breaking up with the troubled young man (once again) on the micro-blogging site. She's done: Karrueche Tran broke up with Chris Brown on Twitter on Wednesday, pictured on Tuesday, following claims he fathered a child with another woman . It is unclear if Brown, 25, was on a break during his tumultuous relationship with Karrueche when he allegedly fathered the nine-month-old child. When the news first broke on Tuesday, Karrueche was seen make-up free and looking downcast as she took her dog for a walk in Los Angeles. TMZ reported short after that Karrueche was 'blindsised' by the baby news, having no idea about he child. The model and socialite was casually dressed in sweats and trainers as she appeared a bit tired while clutching her cellphone and a pink dog leash. Dumped: The 26-year-old broke up with the singer once again via the micro-blogging site . A new dad? Brown, pictured on Monday in Atlanta, has fathered a nine-month-old baby with a model named Nia, according to TMZ . Brown's baby mama, according to TMZ, is an aspiring model and nursing student from Texas named Nia Amey. Pictures from the 31-year-old's modelling site see her topless as she describes herself as someone who is always up for adventure. The Hispanic Texan says in her modelling profile from 2009: 'My name is Nia Amey. I am a 25 year old aspiring model. Before the storm: Brown is pictured last month with on/off girlfriend of four years, Karrueche, who is not the mother of his young child . Happier time: The on-off pair pictured sitting front row at a NYFW runway show last month . 'I'm a full time nursing student and a very outgoing person. I love photography and always up for new adventures.' TMZ claims, Nia has 'known Chris for several years'. Sources connected to both Nia and Chris told the site they are 'on very good terms', however they are currently not dating. And perhaps adding insult to injury Karrueche has met Nia before. Full of love: Karrueche shared this snap accompanied by the caption 'my two baes' with Christina Milian . Topshop moto black ripped leigh jeans . Bag them from Nordstrom here . Visit site . When you’re famous, fashion-forward and financially able to wear any designer you fancy, but still use Topshop as a go-to for every day staples, that’s saying something about the British store. Chris Brown’s always-impeccable girlfriend Karrueche Tran loves a bit of Toppers, and almost every look comprises of at least one item from our fave high street shop. She particularly loves their jeans and is seen here rocking a pair of distressed versions in a versatile black hue. Ripped jeans have arguably been the biggest style craze of the whole year and they’re so popular because they suit pretty much everyone’s style – from Victoria’s Secret models to tomboyish celebs like Kristen Stewart – everyone’s been wearing them! So nab them now without breaking the bank for $70 – it’s a style investment you won’t regret! If you’re keen to have a shop around for cheaper alternatives, look no further than the style edit below where we’ve included our top picks from J.Crew, Missguided and more! Missguided edie high waist rippe dknee skinny jeans in matte black . Visit site . Blank NYC jeans at Zappos . Visit site . J.Crew ripped jeans (now $49.99) Visit site . Asos lisbon skinny jeans in washed black with displaced knees . Visit site . The two women are in Brown's circle of friends and were both seen at a party in Las Vegas in May 2013. The Loyal singer has been romantically liked to model Karrueche for the past four years. However the pair's relationship has always been rocky, and the pair have frequently split before reuniting. The pair were seen together last month, hand in hand at New York Fashion Week. But back in December, Chris launched a lengthy attack on his girlfriend via Instagram. Out and about: Karrueche, 26, was seen out with a friend in Studio City on Monday night . After pulling her up on only visiting him once during his four months in prison, he then accused her of 'going on dates with Drake'. He added: 'I made it clear to the world who my girl was and and made your life equal to mine even at the cost of me not focusing on my career at times. 'When this relationship first started u knew what it was and even participated in threesomes. I slowed all that s*** down.' Before dating Karrueche, Chris was in a relationship with singer Rihanna who he started dating in 2008. On February 8, 2009, an argument in the Deuces singer's car ended with a physical altercation that left the then-20-year-old Bajan beauty hospitalised with multiple contusions to her face. Chris, then just 19, turned himself in to police, where he was booked under suspicion of making criminal threats. He was charged with felony assault and making criminal threats, before pleading not guilty at his arraignment. Forgiven: Chris was involved with singer Rihanna before his romance with Karreuche. They started dating in 2008, split in 2009 and briefly reunited in late 2012. They're seen at the 2013 Grammy Awards . On June 22, 2009, the star pleaded guilty to a felony and accepted a plea deal of community labor, five years' formal probation, and domestic violence counseling. Chris started dating model Karreuche in 2011 before splitting up in late 2012 when he became romantically involved with Riri again. After the couple split in May 2013, Chris resumed his relationship with Karreuche. | TMZ report Karrueche had 'no idea' about the child . |
Where will the third Summer Olympic Games be held? | It will be the third Summer Games to be held in Australia after the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Victoria and the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, New South Wales. It will also be the fourth Summer Games to be held in the Southern Hemisphere, after the aforementioned games in Australia and the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This will also be the second Summer Games to be held entirely in a host country's meteorological winter, after Rio de Janeiro. | The third Summer Games to be held in Australia will be hosted in Brisbane, Queensland. |
What is the first name of the man Evershed crater was named after? | Evershed is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon, named after the English solar astronomer John Evershed. It is located to the northeast of the larger crater Cockcroft, and to the north of the smaller Van den Bergh. | John |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Women who suffered horrific acid attacks in Pakistan - often for doing nothing more than spurning a man's advances - have found themselves shunned by society and struggling to find work as result of their facial disfigurement. Now a surgeon from a British clinic hopes he can help them improve their appearance and rebuild their lives by giving them pioneering hair transplants. Surgeon Asim Shahmalak, 53, from Cheadle, Greater Manchester, has spent £50,000 of his own money performing reconstructive surgery on six women who have been disfigured. Kanwal had acid thrown over her by a man who had been stalking her after she had turned down his proposal . Kanwal is pictured left before her treatment with Dr Shahmalak and after, right, where her eyebrows and eyelashes have started to grow back naturally thanks to the surgery he performed . Dr Shahmalak said some of the victims were attacked with sulphuric acid which can be bought for as little as 15p a bottle on the back streets of Karachi where the women live. Shockingly, one six-year-old girl had been doused with acid by her father for refusing to go to school but was still too young for Dr Shahmalak to help. One of the women he was able to treat was Kanwal Ashar, 24, who had acid thrown over her by a man who had been stalking her after she had turned down his proposal. She had been working in a beauty salon and the man became obsessed with her. Dr Shahmalak gave her two new eyebrows and a right eyelash with hair transplanted for the back of her head in a series of intricate operations performed over three days. She had struggled to find work since the attack four years ago and she hopes that the surgery will help rebuild her life. She told Dr Shahmalak: 'I can go to a wedding now and show my face now I have got my eyebrows back. You have changed my life.' Kanwal Qayum, 27, was doused in acid by a jealous former friend. Her eyebrows had to be tattooed on following the attack, pictured . Dr Shahmalak gave Kanwal natural eyebrows, pictured, using hair harvested from the back of her scalp . Kanwal Qayum, 27, was doused in acid after telling a jealous former friend that she was starting a new job as an air hostess. He attacked her in her sleep and she has previously had extensive surgery on her face and neck as she recovers from her wounds. She had previously had eyebrows tattooed on her face with ink, but Dr Shahmalak gave her two permanent new brows and a right eyebrow from hair harvested from the back of her scalp. Surgeon Asim Shahmalak, 53, from Greater Manchester, travelled to Karachi to treat the disfigured women . Asma Fayyaz, 23, was horrifically scarred three years ago after falling into a pan of boiling fat when she slipped in her kitchen. She had a new right eyebrow and a right eyelash transplanted by Dr Shahmalak and his team from Crown Clinic, based in Manchester. Mona Bhatti, 42, has also been given new eyebrows. She was shunned by Pakistani society after having a sex change operation. Born a man, she was splattered with acid while begging on the streets after changing sex to a woman. Asma Fayyaz, 23, was horrifically scarred after falling into a pan of boiling fat when she slipped in her kitchen . Dr Shahmalak examines Asma after performing surgeon to give her an eyebrow transplant . Asma's eyebrow is now growing back thanks to her treatment . Dr Shahmalak is one of only nine surgeons in the world qualified to do the kind of intricate eyelash and eyebrow transplants the women needed. He performed the first eyelash transplant in the UK on a Manchester woman back in 2009. As well as carrying out the transplants in Karachi, he helped train local doctors and technicians in his techniques so that his work could carry on at local hospitals on his return to Britain. Last week, the doctor returned to Karachi to meet the women and review all the surgery he had performed last year. He said: 'It was wonderful to meet the women again and see how their lives had been improved by the surgery. 'I wept when I first heard what had happened to them. Their stories were heartbreaking - scarred for life because you want to better yourself and work as an air hostess. Mona Bhatti has been given new eyebrows, pictured, after she was disfigured by an acid attack . Mona was shunned by Pakistani society after having a sex change operation . 'Doused with acid because you turned down a man's proposal - people were better treated in the Middle Ages. 'It was incredibly moving to see the smiles on their faces after we performed the surgery. They had given up hope of ever getting help because the Government in Pakistan cannot afford to do anything for them. We were their last hope. 'They are not accepted by society because of their disfigurement. They cannot get jobs and, in some case, they have been disowned by their families and left to beg on the streets. 'They are too frightened of reprisals to tell the police who has attacked them and even if they did, they have no faith that the culprits will be brought to justice.' Dr Shahmalak, a former NHS general surgeon, said that he had investigated the availability of sulphuric acid while he was in Karachi and found it could be bought for as little as 15p a bottle near to where he performed surgery on the women. He said: 'It easy to buy with no questions asked. And as long as the authorities turn a blind eye to horrific cases like these, the attacks will continue.' Dr Shahmalak, a father-of-two, worked with the Karachi-based charity Smile Again which had found patients needing surgery. They have identified five new cases who the doctor will return to treat later this year. He said: 'There is so much more work to do. I am just glad that I am able to make a difference to these women's lives.' | Asim Shahmalak, 53, from Manchester, has helped six disfigured women . Kanwal Ashar, 24, had acid thrown over her by a man she refused to marry . Kanwal Qayum, 27, was doused in acid by a jealous former friend . Mona Bhatti, 42, was attacked after having sex change . Six-year-old girl doused with acid by her father for refusing to go to school . Surgeon Asim Shahmalak can gave them eyebrow and eyelash transplants . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ford may be known for its cars, but at this year’s Mobile World Congress the auto giant also unveiled a pair of electric bikes. Both prototypes are powered by 200-watt motors, fold to fit on a train or in the boot of a car, and with pedal assist, help riders reach speeds of up to 15mph (25km/h). The bikes are part of an experiment by Ford called Handle on Mobility, which aims to make journeys safer and more efficient. Ford unveiled two prototype electric bikes at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona. Both the MoDe:Me (pictured) and MoDe:Pro are powered by 200-watt motors, fold to fit on a train or in the boot of a car, and with pedal assist they help riders reach speeds of up to 15mph (25km/h) They are also part of the company's wider Smart Mobility plan, which is designed to make cars and other vehicles more connected. The bikes, called MoDe:Me and MoDe:Pro, are based on designs by Ford employees and take inspiration from technology seen in cars. For example, both bikes are fitted with rear-facing ultrasonic sensors. These sensors link with the handlebars to discreetly alert the rider when a car is about to overtake using subtle vibrations. The MoDe:Me e-bike (pictured) was designed for commuters ‘to keep moving in congested city traffic’. It folds and stows easily, allowing commuters to park outside the city, for example, take the e-bike onto public transport or a car and travel to the centre, then ride the e-bike to their destination . Both bikes have a slot for an iPhone so an app can be used as a sat-van (pictured left) and show when a car is about to overtake (pictured right), thanks to rear-facing ultrasonic sensors in the bike's frame . Earlier this week Ford unveiled its latest app that not only shows how far you can travel on the power you have remaining on an electric car, but bases its predictions on your unique driving style. Called MyFord Mobile, it also lets drivers remotely access their vehicles meaning they can set the cabin temperature on a cold morning before they leave their house. The app was announced at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona and currently works with a selection of Ford’s electric and hybrid cars. It specifically suits electric cars because the app can directly link to the battery to see a status level and accurate mileage. But Ford spokesman Abraham Phillip told MailOnline the team is working on developing the software for petrol and diesel range. These handlebars also light up to make the bikes more visible to motorists. The MoDe:Me e-bike – built with the help of bicycle manufacturer Dahon - is designed for commuters ‘to keep moving in congested city traffic’. It folds and stows easily, allowing commuters to park outside the city, for example, take the e-bike onto public transport and travel to the centre, then ride the e-bike to their destination. Meanwhile, the MoDe:Pro e-bike – built by a Ford team – is intended for commercial use by couriers, electricians, and goods and delivery services. It is designed to stow safely into commercial vehicles which can act as carrier and support vehicle, and be combined with more than one e-bike. Both prototypes work with an called MoDe:Link, which is currently only compatible with the iPhone 6. This app acts as a sat-nav and sends vibrations to the handlebars so the rider knows when to change direction. Turn signals are then triggered automatically for safety. The app also finds bike-friendly roads, hazards and alerts, and could ‘communicate’ with other vehicles. The MoDe:Pro e-bike (pictured) – built by a Ford team – is intended for commercial use by couriers, electricians, and goods and delivery services . It is designed to stow safely into commercial vehicles which can act as carrier and support vehicle, and be combined with more than one e-bike. Both prototypes work with an called MoDe:Link, which is currently only compatible with the iPhone 6 . Its multimodal navigation and smart routing lets riders filter journeys based on cost, time, and the amount of cycling required, compared to driving. This map also shows the weather, parking costs and charging stations. The electric pedal assist rate can be adjusted based on a cyclist's heart rate and includes a ‘No Sweat’ mode that takes over when requested, meaning the rider can cool down before arriving at their destination. ‘There are so many ways to get around a city, but what is really needed is a way to connect all of these transport options together,’ said Ken Washington, vice president, Ford Research and Advanced Engineering. ‘Being able to seamlessly move between cars, buses, trains and e-bikes and react to changing traffic situations can make a big difference both for commuters and for those delivering goods, services and healthcare.’ There are no immediate plans to release the bikes but Ford said they will help test alternative transportation ideas. An accompanying app acts as a sat-nav (pictured) and sends vibrations to the handlebars so the rider knows when to change direction. Turn signals are then triggered automatically for safety . | The electric bikes by Ford are called MoDe:Me and MoDe:Pro . Both are powered by 200-watt motors and are foldable to fit in cars . Rear-facing sensors warn a cyclist when a car is overtaking . The bikes link to MoDe:Link app, which offers navigation features . Vibrations in the handlebars tell the rider which direction to turn . Bikes are part of an experiment by Ford called Handle on Mobility aiming to make journeys safer and more efficient . |
Please list down some key points regarding governance system of Portland from the given text | The government of Portland, Oregon is based on a city commission government system. Elected officials include the mayor, commissioners, and a city auditor. The mayor and commissioners (members of City Council) are responsible for legislative policy and oversee the various bureaus that oversee the day-to-day operation of the city. Portland began using a commission form of government in 1913 following a public vote on May 3 of that year. Each elected official serves a four-year term, without term limits. Each city council member is elected at-large. In 2022, Portland residents approved a ballot measure to replace the commission form of government with a 12-member council elected in four districts using single transferable vote, with a professional city manager appointed by a directly-elected mayor, with the first elections to be held in 2024. | 1. Portland, Oregon's governance is built on a city commission system.
2. Elected representatives include a city auditor, commissioners, and the mayor.
3. The mayor and commissioners, who make up the City Council, are in charge of setting legislative policy and managing the different bureaus in charge of running the city on a daily basis.
4. After a popular vote on May 3 of that year, Portland adopted a commission system of governance.
5. There are no term limitations on the terms of each elected official's four-year terms.
6. All members of the municipal council are chosen at-large.
7. Portland voters approved a ballot measure in 2022 to replace the commission form of government with a 12-member council elected in four districts using a single transferable vote, with a professional city manager appointed by a directly-elected mayor. The first elections under the new system would take place in 2024. |
What was "the Dry Capital of the World"? | Westerville is a city in Franklin and Delaware counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. A northeastern suburb of Columbus, the population was 39,190 at the 2020 census. Westerville is the home of Otterbein University. Westerville was once known as "The Dry Capital of the World" for its strict laws prohibiting sales of alcohol and for being the home of the Anti-Saloon League, one of the driving forces behind Prohibition at the beginning of the 20th century. | Westerville, OH was once known as "The Dry Capital of the World" due to being the home of the Anti-Saloon League, a driving force behind Prohibition in the early 1900s, and for its strict laws prohibiting sales of alcohol. Ironically, there are now many restaurants and a small brewery in Westerville that serve alcohol. |
Why has West been a source of controversy recently? | West's outspoken views have received significant media coverage; he has been a frequent source of controversy due to his conduct on social media and at awards shows and public settings, as well as his comments on the music and fashion industries, U.S. politics, race, and slavery. His Christian faith, high-profile marriage to Kim Kardashian, and mental health have also been topics of media attention. In 2020, West launched an unsuccessful independent presidential campaign that primarily advocated for a consistent life ethic. In 2022, he was widely condemned and lost many sponsors and partnerships—including his collaborations with Adidas, Gap, and Balenciaga—after making a series of antisemitic statements. In November 2022, he announced his 2024 presidential campaign, appearing publicly with Nick Fuentes, a white supremacist. West later publicly praised Adolf Hitler, denied the Holocaust, and identified as a Nazi. | West began making antisemitic comments on Twitter and on other news sources in 2022. His comments directly attacked Jewish people and denounced parts of history such as the Holocaust. Once he made his comments, many organizations that he was partnered with dropped him because of the backlash received by their customers. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | They were designed to make Britain’s sailors look ‘cool and modern’. But the Royal Navy’s new uniform was ridiculed yesterday by being compared to the outfits worn by garage mechanics. The all-navy blue gear will replace the outfit worn by serving military personnel since the Second World War and was welcomed by the Defence Ministry as ‘cool and more modern’. Scroll down for video . The old Royal Navy uniform of light blue shirt and dark blue trousers, left, is being replaced with all-navy blue gear, right . But Twitter user Tony Shumacher wrote: ‘Royal Navy unveils “modern” uniform… sponsored by Kwik Fit?’ Jamie Frost, a seaman who trains at the University Royal Naval Unit, said it ‘reduces RN personnel to looking like garage car mechanics’. The new attire, which replaces the action working dress known as No4s, has been tested on ships and submarines. The Navy says the feedback from sailors so far has been ‘mostly positive’. The new uniform has been ridiculed by being compared to the outfits worn by garage mechanics . It is only to be worn during operational duties and will not replace more formal uniforms or berets and old caps . It is only to be worn during operational duties and will not replace more formal uniforms or berets and old caps. A layering system allows it to be adapted for different climates. The crew of frigate HMS Lancaster will be the first to deploy in the Royal Navy personal clothing system (RNPCS) when they begin an Atlantic patrol tomorrow. The crew of frigate HMS Lancaster, pictured will be first to wear the uniforms, when they begin an Atlantic patrol tomorrow . | Royal Navy has unveiled first new uniforms since the Second World War . The all-navy blue gear has been welcomed by MoD as 'cool and modern' But others have ridiculed it, saying it looks like outfits worn by mechanics . It will only be worn during operational duties and won't replace formal uniform . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Alan Pardew claims that Matt Phillips’ 40-yard wonder strike for QPR against Crystal Palace was better than David Beckham’s goal from inside his own half at Selhurst Park 19 years ago. Phillips picked the ball up in the middle of the park and took a touch before belting an effort over Palace keeper Julian Speroni and into the top left corner from 40 yards. But it proved to be too little, too late as QPR went down to a 3-1 defeat on Saturday afternoon. Palace manager Pardew said: ‘I remember Beckham scoring the goal here and, from a technical point of view, Phillips’ was better because it was an outstanding hit. 'Matt can be very proud of it. In 25 or 30 years on a training ground, I can’t remember seeing a better goal.’ Matt Phillips unleashed a ferocious strike from 40 yards that found the top corner . Phillips' effort dipped and swerved past Julian Speroni but it was too little too late for Rangers . Phillips grabs the ball in a hurry as he makes his way back to the centre spot . | Matt Phillips scored 40-yard wonder goal for QPR on Saturday . Alan Pardew claimed strike was better than David Beckham's stunner . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jonny Wilkinson has been linked with an England role in another World Cup campaign — 12 years after he kicked the team to glory in the 2003 tournament. The 35-year-old former Lions fly-half, who retired as a player at the end of last season, is destined to act as a kicking consultant for England, according to reports in France. However, Sportsmail has learned that such an arrangement is far from a foregone conclusion. Jonny Wilkinson could return to the England set-up as a kicking consultant, according to reports in France . Wilkinson was last in action for Toulon before retiring at the end of the 2014 season . Wilkinson kicks the winning drop goal to give England victory in the final against Australia in 2003 . It is understood that the notion of Wilkinson working with England on an ad hoc basis has been discussed and considered, following his invitation into the training camp ahead of the autumn series at Twickenham last November. Indications on Sunday night were that the No 10 icon’s involvement with Stuart Lancaster’s squad is not entirely out of the question. As well as a part-time coaching role at former club Toulon, Wilkinson is a World Cup ambassador, has a range of commercial commitments and is being unveiled as one of the ITV pundits for the global event on these shores later this year. Sir Clive Woodward (left) and Jonny Wilkinson (right) will be part of ITV's broadcasting team this summer . | Jonny Wilkinson to act as a kicking consultant for England, say reports . Agreement is far from forgone conclusion for former fly-half . Wilkinson was invited to training camp in Autumn before autumn series . He is currently a part-time coach with Toulon and World Cup ambassador . |
Extract why Tim Lincecum was called "The Freak" | Timothy Leroy Lincecum (/ˈlɪnsəkʌm/ LIN-sə-kum; born June 15, 1984), nicknamed "The Freak", "The Franchise", "The Freaky Franchise" and "Big Time Timmy Jim", is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants (2007 to 2015) and Los Angeles Angels (2016). A two-time Cy Young Award winner, Lincecum helped the Giants win three World Series championships from 2010 through 2014. | Nicknamed "The Freak" for his ability to generate powerful pitches despite his slight physique (5 feet 11 inches, 170 pounds), the power pitcher led the National League in strikeouts for three consecutive years in a span from 2008 to 2010. He also led the league in shutouts in 2009 and won the Babe Ruth Award in 2010 as the most valuable player of the MLB postseason. Lincecum won consecutive Cy Young Awards in 2008 and 2009, becoming the first MLB pitcher to win the award in his first two full seasons. He also appeared in four consecutive All-Star Games from 2008 through 2011 and pitched no-hitters in 2013 and 2014. |
Extract what factions fight in the video game Command & Conquer: Red Alert | Command & Conquer: Red Alert takes place in a parallel universe. At the Trinity Site in New Mexico in 1946, Albert Einstein prepares to travel back in time. He activates his experimental time machine to find himself in Landsberg, Germany, on December 20, 1924, where he meets a young Adolf Hitler just after the latter's release from Landsberg Prison. Following a brief conversation between the two, Einstein shakes Hitler's hand, which erases him from the timeline.
Hitler's death prevents him from rising to power as leader of Nazi Germany, effectively creating a new timeline. Without Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union (USSR) grows powerful under the rule of Joseph Stalin. The USSR seizes land from China and then invades Eastern Europe, to achieve Joseph Stalin's vision of a Soviet Union stretching across the entire Eurasian landmass. In response, the countries of Western Europe (including an already-rearmed Germany) form the Allied Nations and start a guerrilla war against the invading Soviet Army. Over the course of the game's story, the Allies and Soviets fight for control over the European mainland in an alternate World War II | The Allies and the Soviets fight for control over Europe in the game Command & Conquer: Red Alert |
Where is Laskowice? | Laskowice [laskɔˈvit͡sɛ] (also known as Laskowice Pomorskie; German: Laskowitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeżewo, within Świecie County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Jeżewo, 8 km (5 mi) north of Świecie, 51 km (32 mi) north-east of Bydgoszcz, and 52 km (32 mi) north of Toruń.
The village has a population of 2,500. It is a major rail junction, where the Bydgoszcz-Gdynia line merges with the connection to Warsaw, via Grudziądz. | Laskowice is a village in north-central Poland |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Luis Enrique says England's lack of a winter break may have given Barcelona an advantage against Manchester City – and he hopes the Premier League don't change their fixture list. Manuel Pellegrini suggested after City's 1-0 defeat in the Nou Camp that the number of games English clubs played in December and January meant they struggled in the latter stages of the Champions League. City's 3-1 aggregate defeat followed Arsenal's exit at the hands of Monaco on Tuesday and Chelsea's defeat by Paris Saint-Germain last week – leaving no English clubs in the last eight of the Champions League for the second time in three seasons. Luis Enrique conceded Barcelona may have an advantage over English sides due to the winter break . Ivan Rakitic (right) scored as Barcelona beat Manchester City 1-0 in the Nou Camp on Wednesday . City manager Manuel Pellegrini believes the games his team play over Christmas hinder them in Europe . And Enrique has some sympathy for Pellegrini. 'We are used to resting during winter with our families,' Enrique said. 'I heard (Southampton manager) Ronald Koeman complaining about the number of fixtures in England, so maybe it is an advantage for us. 'I don't know, it is impossible to say, but we do enjoy watching the English teams playing on Boxing Day.' Speaking after the game, Pellegrini suggested the heavy fixture scheduling played a part in City's demise. Lionel Messi's Barcelona eliminated City by beating them 3-1 on aggregate in the Champions League . For the second time in three years, there are not any English teams in the last eight of the Champions League . Pellegrini said: 'It is difficult to analyse because the Premier League is strong, with money and very good players. 'We play so many games in December and January and we are not fresh in February. In Spain, Italy and Germany they stop playing. Last year we played nine games in December and nine in January, and that was before we played Barcelona.' VIDEO Enrique hails 'special night' for Barca . | There are no English teams in the last eight of the Champions League . Barcelona beat Manchester City 3-1 on aggregate to knock them out . Barca boss Luis Enrique says a winter break helps against English sides . READ: Until English clubs learn to keep the ball they are doomed to fail . CLICK HERE for all the latest Barcelona news and post match reaction . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard claims Jose Mourinho won't be bothered by tarnishing his legacy after Chelsea's latest ill-mannered exit from the Champions League. The Blues crashed out of Europe's elite competition after a 2-2 draw at Stamford Bridge on Wednesday night sent Paris Saint-Germain through to the quarter finals on away goals. The game was marred by regular interruptions for fouls and unsportsmanlike behaviour while the French media has accused Mourinho of being responsible for the sending off of Zlatan Ibrahimovic as nine Blues players crowded the referee following his foul on Oscar. Steven Gerrard was speaking ahead of an All-Star charity game to be staged at Anfield later this month . Gerrard will pit his team of All-Stars against one managed by Sportsmail columnist Jamie Carragher . The pair show off their respective teams, featuring the likes of Thierry Henry, John Terry and Luis Suarez . Read John Terry's excuse for Chelsea's bully boy tactics against PSG . However, Gerrard - who came close to signing for Mourinho's Blues in 2005 - believes the Portuguese will not be worried about the legacy he leaves because he is 'a winner'. The Reds captain was speaking ahead of an All-Star charity match at Anfield that will see him line up alongside the likes of Thierry Henry and Luis Suarez against a team managed by Jamie Carragher which features Didier Drogba and Pepe Reina. 'I think it's normal when you play games at that level. Players and managers want to win so much - players will try every trick in the book to try and get over the line and win football matches,' he told reporters. 'Sometimes it doesn't look nice but we've all been guilty of it throughout our careers by not always abiding by the rules. Jose Mourinho will not be concerned by bully-boy tactics tarnishing his reputation, says Gerrard . Up to nine Chelsea players crowded the referee ahead of Zlatan Ibrahimovic's sending off . Mourinho has words with former Chelsea defender David Luiz (left) from the touchline . 'I think PSG got through because they're the better team and good luck to them going forward. Chelsea had a very good effort, but it wasn't to be for them. 'I don't think he (Mourinho) will be interested in whether it will tarnish his legacy. He's a winner, he's won many, many trophies. Every single player out there has respect for him as a manager, he's going to win many more titles and will probably go down as one of the best managers of all time. 'I'm in no position to criticise him or have a go at him. He does it his way and I respect that. But, I'm only interested in one manager and that's the one that I've got here.' Blues striker Diego Costa was involved in a succession of spats throughout the game . PSG captain Thiago Silva (right) scored the decisive goal with an injury time header at the Bridge . Branislav Ivanovic rows with Brazilians Thiago Motta and Silva as Chelsea twice lose their lead . Meanwhile, former Liverpool defender and Sportsmail columnist Carragher admitted he was more concerned for the standard of the Premier League than Chelsea's elimination. 'I'm disappointed because our league has lost its best team in the competition. And to see them come up so short on the night to PSG - who looked a class act and credit to them as they have some very good players - but for our league in general,' he said. 'You look at Manchester City and Arsenal's first legs, and hopefully they can come through. Ourselves, Liverpool not qualifying for the knockout stages, so not so much for Chelsea but for our league. You want to see the teams do well and at this moment we're coming up a bit short,' he added. | Chelsea crashed out of the Champions League after a bad tempered clash with PSG on Wednesday . Steven Gerrard claims Jose Mourinho will not be worried about his legacy . Gerrard was speaking ahead of an All-Star charity match against Jamie Carragher's side featuring the likes of Thierry Henry and Luis Suarez . TACKLE KEOWN: Chelsea have been surrounding referees for a while . |
Why are people eating eggs at Easter | Easter eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are eggs that are decorated for the Christian feast of Easter, which celebrates the resurrection of Jesus. As such, Easter eggs are common during the season of Eastertide (Easter season). The oldest tradition, which continues to be used in Central and Eastern Europe, is to use dyed and painted chicken eggs.
Although eggs, in general, were a traditional symbol of fertility and rebirth, in Christianity, for the celebration of Eastertide, Easter eggs symbolize the empty tomb of Jesus, from which Jesus was resurrected. In addition, one ancient tradition was the staining of Easter eggs with the colour red "in memory of the blood of Christ, shed as at that time of his crucifixion."
This custom of the Easter egg, according to many sources, can be traced to early Christians of Mesopotamia, and from there it spread into Eastern Europe and Siberia through the Orthodox Churches, and later into Europe through the Catholic and Protestant Churches. Mediaevalist scholars normally conclude that the custom of Easter eggs has its roots in the prohibition of eggs during Lent after which, on Easter, they have been blessed for the occasion.
A modern custom in some places is to substitute chocolate eggs wrapped in coloured foil, hand-carved wooden eggs, or plastic eggs filled with confectionery such as chocolate. | Easter eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are eggs that are decorated for the Christian feast of Easter, which celebrates the resurrection of Jesus. As such, Easter eggs are common during the season of Eastertide (Easter season). The oldest tradition, which continues to be used in Central and Eastern Europe, is to use dyed and painted chicken eggs.
Although eggs, in general, were a traditional symbol of fertility and rebirth, in Christianity, for the celebration of Eastertide, Easter eggs symbolize the empty tomb of Jesus, from which Jesus was resurrected. In addition, one ancient tradition was the staining of Easter eggs with the colour red "in memory of the blood of Christ, shed as at that time of his crucifixion."
This custom of the Easter egg, according to many sources, can be traced to early Christians of Mesopotamia, and from there it spread into Eastern Europe and Siberia through the Orthodox Churches, and later into Europe through the Catholic and Protestant Churches. Mediaevalist scholars normally conclude that the custom of Easter eggs has its roots in the prohibition of eggs during Lent after which, on Easter, they have been blessed for the occasion.
A modern custom in some places is to substitute chocolate eggs wrapped in coloured foil, hand-carved wooden eggs, or plastic eggs filled with confectionery such as chocolate. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Real Madrid have reached an agreement with FC Porto to sign right back Danilo next season. The 23-year-old defender will join the La Liga giants on a deal up until June 30 2021, it was announced on Tuesday night. Danilo, who started both of Brazil's recent international friendly wins against France and Chile - has won 14 caps for his country so far. Real Madrid have reached an agreement to sign defender Danilo from Porto next season . The full back has been strongly linked with a move to the Santiago Bernabeu in recent months and on March 25 - he admitted he was flattered by the speculation linking him to the European champions. 'I'm living a great moment with Porto,' he told Spanish newspaper AS. 'It makes me happy a great club like Madrid is interested in me. 'When the season ends I'll sit down with Porto and we'll decide what is best for me and them.' After breaking through at Brazilian side America Mineiro he joined domestic rivals Santos in 2010 where he helped them win the Copa Libertadores a year later. The 23-year-old (right) will join Real Madrid on a deal up until June 30 2021, it was announced on Tuesday night . His performances with the South American giants helped earn him a move to Porto in 2012. During his time at the Estadio do Dragao he has has won two Portuguese league titles and two Super Cups to date. The athletic defender has also tasted success at international level where he was part of Brazil's triumphant side at the Under 20 World Cup in 2011. His imminent arrival at Real will provide competition to current full backs Dani Carvajal and Alvaro Arbeloa in that position. Danilo (right) has won 14 international caps for Brazil - his latest coming in their 1-0 win over Chile on Sunday . | Danilo will join Real Madrid on a deal keeping him at there until June 2021 . 23-year-old has won two Portuguese league titles with current side Porto . Brazil international defender has also won 14 caps for his country so far . CLICK HERE for all the latest Real Madrid news . |
Please give me a comma separated list of the countries that signed the North Atlantic Treaty in April 1949 given the text below | The Treaty of Dunkirk was signed by France and the United Kingdom on 4 March 1947, during the aftermath of World War II and the start of the Cold War, as a Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance in the event of possible attacks by Germany or the Soviet Union. In March 1948, this alliance was expanded in the Treaty of Brussels to include the Benelux countries, forming the Brussels Treaty Organization, commonly known as the Western Union. Talks for a wider military alliance, which could include North America, also began that month in the United States, where their foreign policy under the Truman Doctrine promoted international solidarity against actions they saw as communist aggression, such as the February 1948 coup d'état in Czechoslovakia. These talks resulted in the signature of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949 by the member states of the Western Union plus the United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland. Canadian diplomat Lester B. Pearson was a key author and drafter of the treaty. | France, United Kingdom, Belgium, Luxembourg , Netherlands, United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Iceland |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)When Jeb Bush spoke last week at the Conservative Political Action Conference in National Harbor, Maryland, the likely GOP presidential hopeful did better than expected. Of course, that could have been because expectations were so low. You remember "Bush Derangement Syndrome." When George W. Bush was president, it afflicted liberals who thought the chief executive couldn't do anything right. Now that Jeb might run for president in 2016, the condition vexes conservatives who believe that when it comes to choosing the GOP nominee, the former Florida governor is all wrong. During Bush's speech, a few dozen supporters of Sen. Rand Paul of Kentucky -- wearing red T-shirts with the words "Stand With Rand" -- walked out and later blasted Bush as insufficiently conservative. But what should really count for a lot is that Bush is sufficiently competent. He's the grownup in a roomful of extremists who -- as they compare union members to ISIS (Scott Walker) or vow to abolish the IRS (Ted Cruz) or bash the media (Chris Christie) -- seem most interested in applause lines. Bush is a serious person with a serious shot at the presidency, something that you just can't say about all Republicans who appear to be running. As someone who is bilingual and whose wife hails from Mexico, Bush can hit Hillary Clinton, the likely Democratic nominee, where it hurts by carving into her Latino support. In his 1998 gubernatorial election, and 2002 re-election, Bush received over 60 percent of the Latino vote. And it's no secret that, for many Latinos who might vote for Bush, the make-or-break issue is immigration. That's because many Latinos see immigration as a way of determining a candidate's character. Latinos will be watching to see if Bush stands up to the pressure from extremists to join the GOP's closed border chorus. They're used to being thrown under the bus by politicians who sacrifice Latinos to gin up support from non-Latinos. And they won't put up with it. So which way is Bush going to go on immigration? For many years, he extolled the contributions of immigrants and expressed dismay that elements of his party are closed-minded and mean-spirited on the issue. He even acknowledged that, to many, the party is seen as "anti-immigrant." Lately, though, Bush has injected more nuance into his views -- and turned them mushy in the process. On the question of whether undocumented youth should have a path to citizenship, for example, Bush at first supported the idea, then he opposed it. And most recently, he has said that he could support such a path if Congress mandates it. On the Arizona immigration law, Bush apparently likes the concept of enlisting local police to be "the eyes and ears" of the border patrol. But he has also been sympathetic to critics who worry that this will lead to ethnic profiling of Latinos. Too often, Bush leaves the impression that he'll say whatever he needs to say to avoid conflict. So it was actually refreshing to see Bush use his appearance at CPAC -- which took the form of an onstage interview by conservative talk show host Sean Hannity -- to once again speak plainly. In response to questions, Bush emphasized the need to secure the U.S. border, insisted that immigration policy should be driven by economic concerns and the need for high-skilled immigrants, and reaffirmed support for giving undocumented immigrants driver's licenses and in-state tuition at public colleges and universities. The crowd booed that last one. Bush criticized President Obama's executive actions to prioritize deportations, but also bashed Republicans in Congress for protesting that policy by holding up funds for the Department of Homeland Security. Finally, in response to what is often the most contentious aspect of this debate, Bush also stressed the need to create a path to citizenship for millions of illegal immigrants who are currently in the United States. "I know there's disagreement here," he said. "The simple fact is that there is no plan to deport 11 million people. We should give them a path to legal status where they work...and contribute to our society." More boos. The way Bush sees it, the GOP is good at being against things but "we have to start being for things again." In response to a heckler, Bush stared out into the crowd to address his critic. "I'm marking you down as neutral," he told the heckler. "I'll look forward to being your second choice." Not even close. In the Washington Times/CPAC presidential preference straw poll of 3,007 participants, Bush came in fifth out of 17 candidates with just 8 percent of the vote. First place went to Rand Paul, who earned 25.7 percent. Clearly, Bush has a long way to go in convincing conservatives that he's their best choice. But his appearance at CPAC set exactly the right tone. Voters in both parties have plenty of candidates telling them what they want to hear just to get their support. What they need are more candidates who tell them what they need to hear: the truth. That won't make the candidates popular. But it does make them credible. Score 1 for Bush. | Jeb Bush attended this year's Conservative Political Action Conference . Ruben Navarrette: Latinos want to see if Bush stands up to pressure from extremists . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)She's leaving. She's not leaving. Dame Maggie Smith, whose tart-tongued Lady Violet Crawley has most of the best lines on "Downton Abbey," caused a fuss this week when she implied that her beloved character won't be around much longer. "I mean, (my character) certainly can't keep going," Smith told the Sunday Times. "To my knowledge, I must be 110 by now. We're into the late 1920s." No more Dowager Countess?!? You could almost hear the genteel wails of protest on both sides of the Atlantic. The speculation about Smith was hurriedly squashed by a "Downton" publicist, who said Smith, 80, has agreed to stay with the series "for as long as the show runs." But that didn't stop rumors about the demise of "Downton" itself from continuing to crop up. Smith even hinted during her interview with the Times that the next season of the hit show would be its last. "They say this is the last one, and I can't see how it could go on," Smith let drop. Creator Julian Fellowes is developing another period drama, "The Gilded Age," for NBC and has been noncommittal about how much longer the show might endure beyond season six, which is filming now. "It won't go on forever -- I'm not a believer in that," he told The New York Times in a recent interview. "But I can't immediately now tell you where the end will be." It is hard to imagine "Downton," which just wrapped its fifth season on PBS in the United States, without the wit and wisdom of Lady Violet, whose acerbic commentary leaves few around her unscathed. So let's hope Smith just misspoke. And until season six, which airs this fall in the UK and early next year in the United States, here are some of our favorite Dowager Countess zingers. -- Isobel: "How you hate to be wrong." Lady Violet: "I wouldn't know, I'm not familiar with the sensation." -- Robert: "They do say there's a wild man inside all of us." Lady Violet: "If only he would stay inside." -- Isobel: "I admire it when young people stand up for their principles." Lady Violet: "Principles are like prayers; noble, of course, but awkward at a party." -- Lady Violet (to Cora): "I'm so looking forward to seeing your mother again. When I'm with her, I'm reminded of the virtues of the English." Matthew: "But isn't she American?" Lady Violet: "Exactly." -- Isobel: "I take that as a compliment." Lady Violet: "I must have said it wrong." | Maggie Smith causes fuss by saying next season of "Downton Abbey" may be her last . Such speculation was hurriedly squashed by a "Downton" publicist . Here are some of our favorite dowager countess zingers from the show . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The United Arab Emirates have been suspended by the International Equestrian Federation indefinitely over horse welfare and rule infringements in endurance events. Under the ban UAE riders will not be allowed to compete for their country in any international events, although they will be allowed to compete under an FEI flag in non-endurance disciplines outside of the Emirates. There has been growing concern over the treatment of endurance horses in the UAE and the world body recently stepped in to remove two endurance events in UAE from the winter season. Three horses were reported dead at the 74-mile Al Reef Cup in Abu Dhabi on February 1 and one, Splitters Creek Bundy, appeared to have broken both front legs. It was at the Al Reef Cup that Splitters Creek Bundy front legs appeared to collapse beneath him . Click here to read chief sports writer Martin Samuel's column from October 2013: Sport is not about driving horses to their deaths . FEI president Ingmar de Vos said the FIA's Bureau had been unanimous in suspending the UAE federation. 'The decision to suspend a National Federation is not something that is taken lightly and we only should do this if no other remedy can be found,' he said in a statement. 'Sadly this was the only option left, but we have to take our responsibility and must never be afraid of tackling major issues head-on. Where horse welfare is concerned the FEI has to show leadership and solve problems in a structural way without making any concessions.' De Vos said the FEI had hoped strict enforcement of new rules brought in on August 1 last year would reduce the numbers of 'catastrophic injuries' and fatalities in the UAE. Dubai’s Sheik Mohammed (right) takes part in an endurance race in the Jordanian desert . The statement was quite devastating. The International Equestrian Federation had removed the two remaining International Endurance events scheduled to be held in the United Arab Emirates in an emergency measure to protect horse welfare and preserve integrity. Put bluntly: some of the most respected horsemen in the world can’t be trusted to look after horses. Within days, Endurance Great Britain dropped a proposed blanket sponsorship from the Meydan Corporation, owned by Sheik Mohammed Al Maktoum, citing national and international pressures and sensitivities. With this scandal mounting for close on two years, it is incredible and embarrassing that Meydan got through the door, no matter how much money was at stake. 'Regretfully this has not been the case,' he added. 'In the end we had no other choice than taking this drastic measure to deal with an unacceptable situation.' Endurance races in the Middle East can be brutal with distances of 100 miles a day, covered at high speed, common. Allegations of horse identity fraud have also been investigated by the FEI, according to the paper. The World Horse Welfare welcomed the move, Chief Executive Roly Owers said: 'In many ways this is a sad day. However the FEI’s drastic move to suspend the UAE federation is a reflection of the seriousness of the situation within endurance. 'While we are disappointed that it has come to this, this action had to be taken for the welfare of the horses and the integrity of the sport.' The ban could raise doubts over Dubai's suitability to host the world championships in 2016 wih the Swiss and Belgium equestrian federations threatening a boycott. The UAE Federation' place in the next year's Summer Olympics in Brazil could also be in jeopardy. It has 30 days to appeal against the suspension. | Three horses died at 74-mile Al Reef Cup in Abu Dhabi on February 1 . Pictures showed one appearing to have broken both front legs . Two endurance races in the UAE were cancelled after Al Reef Scandal . Now the IEF have suspended UAE indefinitely . Read Martin Samuel's damning verdict on endurance racing . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Joe Marler hopes England will take their frustration out on Scotland in Saturday's RBS Six Nations clash at Twickenham. Any hope of completing the Grand Slam evaporated with a comprehensive 19-9 defeat by Ireland, who are now the title favourites ahead of their trip to Cardiff. England return to Twickenham for the final two rounds of the tournament against Scotland and France, and Marler has demanded they finish on a high. Joe Marler admits England are frustrated after their loss to Ireland and are looking for an immediate reaction . Marler and Robshaw will have a tough task against Scotland's experienced forward line on Saturday . The prop (left) is looking forward to playing back at Twickenham and having home advantage . Stuart Lancaster will be hoping his side can bounce back from the disappointment of losing to Ireland . 'We definitely need to see a reaction after losing to Ireland and because of the levels of frustration and the edginess we've seen in training, I hope there will be one,' said the loosehead prop. 'Ireland was 10 days ago but there's still a massive amount of frustration from the boys and me personally. 'But we have an opportunity this weekend at home to deal with that frustration and look to try and put in a better performance. Billy Vunipola (centre) is tackled during the England training session held at Pennyhill Park . The England players do their stretches ahead of their training session in preparation for Scotland . Geoff Parling of Leicester Tigers catches the ball during the training session held at Pennyhill Park . The England scrum prepares for the expected tough task against Scotland's tough forward line . Robshaw (centre) looks to pass the ball during a drill session with George Ford (left) looking on . 'Scotland will have plenty of ambition and have some experienced guys in the forwards, so it will be a tough ask at the weekend. 'We're lucky to be back at Twickenham for the last two fixtures of the tournament. It's our home, we love playing there and the crowd are really behind us these days. 'I hope we can put in a performance we're proud of and that the fans will be proud of.' Ford (left) and Courtney Lawes will need to be in top form to beat a tough Scotland opposition . Lawes (centre) of Northampton Saints and looks set to feature for Lancaster's side at Twickenham . Luther Burrell (left) is likely to regain his place in the starting 15 after a number of injuries to the backs . Coach Graham Rowntree (centre) helps the powerful group with their structure to prevent collapsing . England forwards practice their scrummaging in preparation for a gruelling physical battle with the Scots . Some of the England players show their comradery with their Six Nations title hopes still not over . | Joe Marler warns Scotland will face the brunt of England's frustration . Stuart Lancaster's side were beaten by Ireland in their last match . England will need to win if they want to keep up with the Six Nations rivals . Click here for all the latest Six Nations news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Michael Johnson will return to Cincinnati after an injury-hit year with Tampa Bay. The defensive end, 28, put pen to paper on a four-year deal, $20million deal. With $6m guaranteed this year, Johnson will also receive $7m from his $43.8m deal with the Buccaneers, ESPN report. A third round pick in 2009, Johnson spent his first five years with the Bengals but joined the Buccaneers on a big-money deal last year. Marvin Lewis made it a priority to bring Michael Johnson back to Cincinnati to bolster their pass rush . But his productivity was hindered by injuries, with just four sacks in 14 games. Consequently, he joined Josh McCown and Anthony Collis on general manager Jason Licht's unwanted list. The move frees up $2m cap space. 'I'm thankful for the Buccaneers giving me an opportunity to come down there and learn,' Johnson said on a conference call. 'I'm going to always cherish all of the memories - the highs and the lows. You can't appreciate the highs without the lows.' 'This last year was a character-building year. I don't count it as a bad year. So I come back to Cincinnati with a different mindset and a different outlook on things.' Johnson was also coveted by the Minnesota Vikings, but chose not to be reunited with the Bengals' former defensive co-ordinator Mike Zimmer. | Johnson spent the first five seasons of his career with the Bengals . He headed to Tampa Bay in free agency a year ago, signing a five-year, $43.8m contract . But things did not work out in Florida with several injurioes hampering his productivity . Johnson was released by the Bucs and heads back to the Bengals on a four-year, $20m deal . |
Subsets and Splits