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According to this paragraph, what was the most common type of castle in England following the Norman Conquest? | There are nine castles in Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. They consist of four motte-and-bailey castles, three fortified manor houses, an enclosure castle, and a possible shell keep. A motte-and-bailey castle is characterised by two elements: the motte is an artificial mound with a wooden stockade and stronghold on top, usually a stone keep or tower, while the bailey is a defended enclosure adjacent to the motte, typically enclosed by a ditch and a bank topped by a timber palisade or stone wall. Motte-and-bailey castles were the most common type of castle in England following the Norman Conquest. A shell keep was a motte with a stone wall rather than a wooden stockade on top; there would have been no tower within the walls. Four of Greater Manchester's castles are scheduled monuments: Buckton, Bury, Radcliffe Tower, and Watch Hill. A scheduled monument is a "nationally important" archaeological site or historic building, given protection against unauthorised change. | According to this text, the Motte-and-bailey castles were the most common following the Norman Conquest. |
Name China's greatest events happened when Jiang was in charge | Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping.
Born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Jiang joined the CCP while he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s, later returning to Shanghai in 1962 to serve in various institutes, later being sent between 1970-1972 to Romania as part of an expert team to establish machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After 1979, he was appointed as the vice chair of two commissions by vice premier Gu Mu to oversee the newly-established special economic zones (SEZs). He became the vice minister of the newly-established Ministry of Electronics Industry and a member of the CCP Central Committee in 1982.
Jiang was appointed as the mayor of Shanghai in 1985, later being promoted to its Communist Party secretary, as well as a member of the CCP Politburo, in 1987. Jiang came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. As the involvement of the "Eight Elders" in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s. Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term "socialist market economy" in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerated "opening up and reform".
Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms. The returning of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom in 1997 and of Macau from Portugal in 1999, and entry into the World Trade Organisation in 2001, were landmark moments of his era. China also witnessed improved relations with the outside world, while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the state. Jiang faced criticism over human rights abuses, including the crackdown on the Falun Gong movement. His contributions to party doctrine, known as the "Three Represents", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002. Jiang gradually vacated his official leadership titles from 2002 to 2005, being succeeded in these roles by Hu Jintao, although he and his political faction continued to influence affairs until much later. On 30 November 2022, Jiang died from leukemia and multiple organ failure in Shanghai. | The returning of Hong Kong and Macau, and joining WTO |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It is a measure of Arsenal’s progress that fixtures like these no longer end in boos and angry recrimination. As the final whistle approached, the crowd at the Emirates were unusually vocal, anticipating trips to Wembley and singing praise of their team. Earlier it had the feel of one of the afternoons with which we have become so familiar in recent years, one of those days when Arsenal break world records for possessions stats but come up against an inspired goalkeeper and end the day with fans furious at their manager, the board of directors and life in general. But with Olivier Giroud in exceptional form, Aaron Ramsey also outstanding and Mesut Ozil thriving against the kind of opposition he relishes, Arsenal eventually cantered to victory in some style. Olivier Giroud leaps in the air after opening the scoring in Arsenal's 3-0 Premier League victory over West Ham . The France international gives Arsenal the lead on the stroke of half time with his sixth goal in his last seven games . Aaron Ramsey is chased by Santi Cazorla after doubling Arsenal's lead in the closing stages of the second half . Giroud gives substitute Mathieu Flamini a pat on the back after the Frenchman seals victory with a late strike . ARSENAL: Ospina 6.5, Chambers 7, Mertesacker 6.5, Koscielny 6.5, Monreal 7, Ramsey 7, Coquelin 7, Walcott 6 (Cazorla 6.5), Ozil 7 (Flamini 6.5), Sanchez 6 (Welbeck 6.5), Giroud 8.5 . Subs: Szczesny, Gibbs, Akpom, Bellerin . Scorers: Giroud 45, Ramsey 81, Flamini 84 . Booked: Sanchez . WEST HAM: Arian 8, O'Brien 6.5, Kouyate 6.5, Cresswell 7, Downing 6, Noble 6 (Nene 6), Song 6.5, Nolan 6, Jarvis 6.5 (Amalfitano 6), Sakho 6.5 . Subs: Demel, Jääskeläinen, Poyet, Cullen, Onariase . Booked: Sakho . Man of the Match: Olivier Giroud . Referee: Chris Foy/ Anthony Taylor . CLICK HERE for all the stats, including Olivier Giroud's heat map from our superb Match Zone . Better measures of their real progress remain, of course. On Tuesday night they visit Monaco where you might anticipate another glorious comeback which ultimately ends in failure. Then there will be the league table at the end of the season which will likely tell the tale of an opportunity missed to challenge for the title. Arsene Wenger conceded that, even with Chelsea still to come to the Emirates, Arsenal are not yet in the title race. ‘Not at the moment,’ he said. ‘But we can just keep going. We won eight of the last nine. We are stronger today than we were at the start of the season. ‘We suffered a lot from the World Cup, where the players came back. What is for sure is that they understand each other much better than six or seven months ago and that makes everyone more dangerous.’ At least Arsenal are not going backwards these days; the problem may be that they aren’t moving forwards fast enough but they are at least pointing in the right direction. West Ham defender James Collins (left) was fortunate not to concede an early penalty after brining down Theo Walcott . The Arsenal winger crashes to the turf under Collins' challenge but was not awarded a spot kick . West Ham forward Diafra Sakho (centre) tries to evade Arsenal defenders Laurent Koscielny and Per Mertesacker (left) Arsenal playmaker Mesut Ozil (left) uses his silky skills to bring the ball down in front of Stewart Downing (centre) and Mark Noble . Arsenal's leading scorer Alexis Sanchez (centre) uses his trickery to escape the attentions of Joey O'Brien . Hammers keeper Adrian threatened to spoil Arsenal's afternoon with a succession of fine first half saves . West Ham manager Sam Allardyce looked as though he understood as much and had settled for one of those afternoons when he aims to ‘out-tactic’ the opposition. You could hardly blame him given the resources at his disposal, with Enner Valencia and James Tomkins the latest additions to his injury list and Carl Jenkinson ineligible. Kevin Nolan almost shocked Arsenal with a clean strike on 23 minutes but at half-time, Arsenal had 74 per cent of the possession. At times it looked as if West Ham goalkeeper Adrian was has having one of those inspired afternoon. It was later revealed he was playing with a dislocated finger sustained in the warm up, a fact which made his performance truly heroic. ‘He’s been a brave lad,’ said assistant manager Neil McDonald. Theo Walcott was having a less satisfactory time. Thrust back in for his first start in more than a month, he did little to help his ongoing contract talks. Three times he was presented with the opportunity to open the scoring; three times he spurned the chances. Gunners defender Calum Chambers closes down West Ham winger Matt Jarvis as Arsenal take control . Song and Koscielny compete for the ball in an aerial duel as the sun shines at the Emirates Stadium . West Ham manager Sam Allardyce lets his feelings of frustration be known from the sidelines . He could plead mitigation for the first effort on six minutes. A delightful back heel from Giroud set him up with just Adrian to beat, but James Collins came through the man and the ball to prevent him scoring. It might have been a penalty but it was Walcott’s own hesitation in front of goal which had presented Collins with the chance to launch his saving tackle. Adrian would then make excellent saves from Alexis Sanchez’s header on 16 minutes and from an improvised touch of the knee from Ramsey on 32 minutes, before Walcott received his next chance. Played in by a delightful Ramsey pass, he took a touch, looked up and struck his shot directly at the goalkeeper.Adrian denied Sanchez from a half volley and on 44 minutes he pushed away a strike from Ozil, which landed at Walcott’s feet, yards from goal but he skewed the ball high and wide, appearing to lose his balance. Ozil reacts after West Ham keeper Adrian pulls off one of a succession of first half saves . Frenchman Giroud gets his shot away despite being surrounded by four West Ham players . The Gunners centre forward watches as the ball sails towards the left corner of West Ham's goal . Adrian, who had previously kept West Ham in the game with a series of fine saves, dives in vain towards Giroud's shot . Giroud was on hand to provide deliverance just before half-time. Ramsey and Ozil exchanged a delicate one-two, but such is the Frenchman’s confidence these days, he nicked it off Ramsey’s foot, took a touch and drove a fine finish into the far corner of the net. ‘It was fantastic because of the combination and the finishing. It was the kind of goal we loved to score,’ said Wenger. It was his 14th goal of the season in 24 games. That Monaco game aside, he is having an excellent season and since that dismal night, he has responded incredibly well. After being criticised for missing chances against Monaco, Giroud holds his hands to his ears to soak up the applause . Giroud strikes a pose midway through his celebration as Arsenal take the lead at the Emirates . Walcott, who had several chances to open the first half scoring himself, leaps on Giroud's back in celebration . ‘It’s one of his strengths,’ said Wenger, who called his performance ‘outstanding’. Having set out to defend in numbers, a change of strategy was necessary for West Ham and they were equal to the challenge. They came out in the second-half with an entirely different mindset, pushing Arsenal back into their half and searching for an equaliser. In terms of clear-cut chances there was still little — Matt Jarvis’ curling cross which Ospina spilled and almost let in Sakho was one unsettling moment. But Arsenal were no longer able to play as they wished. Still, their time would come. On 80 minutes, Giroud dummied a throw-in to let in Ramsey, who played in the Frenchman. He returned the ball to Ramsey, who drove it past Adrian to cap a fine a performance of growing authority. Three minutes later Santi Cazorla, on as a substitute, exchanged passes with Giroud and planted a cross almost on the foot of Mathieu Flamini, who had the simplest task of converting from close range for the third goal. Ramsey (right) gets some air as he battles for the ball with former Arsenal team-mate Song . West Ham manager Sam Allardyce looks on bemused as referee Chris Foy is forced to hand over to assistant Anthony Taylor . Former Manchester United forward Danny Welbeck (right) was brought on in the second half to replace Sanchez . Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger watches impatiently from the touchline with his side only leading by one goal . Wales midfielder Ramsey meets Giroud's pass with a left footed shot to score his first goal since December . Ramsey wheels away to celebrate giving Arsenal a 2-0 lead on 81minutes of the London derby . Aaron Ramsey is swamped by team-mates Giroud and Danny Welbeck after doubling Arsenal's lead . Substitute Mathieu Flamini is in the right place at the right time as he meets Cazorla's cross to seal a 3-0 victory . Arsenal team-mates embrace Flamini as they keep alive their hopes of playing Champions League football next season . | Arsenal kept up their chase for a top four finish in the Premier League with a 3-0 win over West Ham at the Emirates . Olivier Giroud netted his sixth goal in seven games to open the scoring for Gunners on the stroke of half time . Referee Chris Foy was replaced by assistant Anthony Taylor midway through the second half . Wales midfielder Aaron Ramsey was assisted by Giroud to double the lead with his first goal since December . Substitute Mathieu Flamini sealed victory after coming on to meet a cross from Santi Cazorla . |
Given a reference text about a singer, tell me when they debuted, what their first release was, and what their most popular song is. | Lee Ji-eun (Korean: 이지은; born May 16, 1993), also known by her stage name IU (Korean: 아이유), is a South Korean singer-songwriter, record producer, and actress. She signed with LOEN Entertainment (now Kakao Entertainment) in 2007 as a trainee and debuted as a singer at the age of fifteen with her first extended play (EP) Lost and Found (2008). Although her follow-up albums, Growing Up and IU...IM, brought mainstream success, it was only after the release of "Good Day" (Korean: 좋은 날), the lead single from her 2010 album Real, that she achieved national stardom. "Good Day" went on to spend five consecutive weeks at the top of South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart, and in 2019, it was ranked number one on Billboard's "100 Greatest K-Pop Songs of the 2010s" list.
Lost and Found is the debut extended play (EP) by South Korean singer-songwriter IU. It was released by LOEN Entertainment on September 23, 2008. IU collaborated with lyricist and producer Choi Gap-won, who had previously produced songs including "Amnesia" by Gummy, "Incurable Disease" by Wheesung, and "Toc Toc Toc" by Lee Hyori. Lee Jong-hoon of Soul-Shop and the singer Mario additionally worked on the title song, "Lost Child". | The singer Lee Ji-eun, or better known as IU, debuted on September 23, 2008 with her first extended play "Lost and Found". Her most popular song is "Good Day" from her 2010 album "Real" which was ranked number one on Billboard's "100 Greatest K-Pop Songs of the 2010s" list. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Marine biologist: Diane Cowan has worked with lobster breeding since 1996 off the coast of New England . Sick of the snow, the ice and the brutal cold weather? Then spare a thought for Diane Cowan who has been stranded on a island off Maine for more than a month thanks to heavy ice. With no helicopter available to pull her out and crossing the mile stretch to the mainland on foot or in a vehicle too dangerous, marine biologist Cowan has been running low on supplies. Iced-in on Friendship Long Island for the past 32 days, Cowan was delivered from hunger pangs by friends who chartered a plane to drop food and supplies for her and her dog, as the winter shows no signs of ending anytime soon. Having spent the past 15-years on the island where her nonprofit Lobster Conservancy has a six-acre lobster pond, Cowan, 54, has said this winter is by far the worst she has known. 'I've been iced in for 32 days,' said Cowan to USA Today. 'The longest I've been trapped on the island before was two weeks.' 'I still don't know how much longer I'll be stuck here,' she said. Boats have been unable to leave Friendship Harbor for three weeks after this years painful winter that has seen temperatures rarely rise above freezing. While Cowan doesn't have running water she does have her dog, phone, a stove, electricity and the Internet. However, her friends began to worry about her and organized a care package which they dropped in by plane. All alone: Diane Cowan is seen here from the plane hired by her friends to air drop supplies to Friendship Long Island over the weekend . Relief is on the way: Friends of Diane Cowan load up their plane with coffee and fresh meat and dog food . Friends to the rescue: Bob Lary - shoving the first box out the window while the temperatures stood at minus 10 degrees . Remote: Diane Cowan is currently working on Friendship Long Island - which is visible in this picture as the furthest speck on the archipelago . They loaded three boxes with food and hired a pilot to fly over the two mile long and half-mile wide island so they could get low enough to drop the boxes safely. The temperature was a chilly minus 12 degrees when they made the drop. 'The pilot was awesome,' said Bob Lary to USA Today. 'He did a couple of flyovers and got his bearings, (then) opened the window and said, 'Chuck it.' And I did, twice.' While the first box hit the roof of one of the buildings on the island, the second one made a perfect landing. 'I was thrilled, absolutely thrilled,' said Cowan to the Bangor Daily News. 'And I also like the idea this could be done because it gives a whole new dimension to getting stuff out here longer term.' Diane usually stocks up with two months of food to be on the safe side when she departs for the winter and keeps herself warm with a wood fire and solar panels for electricity. But next year she says she is going to bring along a small box of treats which she will label, 'Don't open until February', just to be on the safe side. Low flying: The plane hired by Diane Cowan's friends casts a shadow on the pack ice as it prepares to make its food drop . The Crew - Pam ,Tomas, Ellen, Stewart Sherry and Bob who banded together to help marine biologist Diane Cowen . | Diane Cowan, 54, has been stuck on Friendship Long Island for more than a month . Heavy ice has blocked her leaving and a helicopter has been unavailable to reach her . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | There's a new true detective in town. A Texas police department has hilariously spoofed Matthew McConaughey's Lincoln car commercials, adding their own spin to reflect a night on the squad. McConaughey's ads are famous for the Academy Award-winning actor staring pensively through his window, contemplating life's existential mysteries or just talking about how much he loves his car. Sgt. Larry Wise of the Cedar Hill Police Department in Texas hilariously spoofed Matthew McConaughey's Lincoln Car ads, adding his own spin to reflect a night on the squad . McConaughey's ads are famous for the Academy Award-winning actor staring pensively through his window, contemplating life's existential mysteries or just talking about how much he loves his car . 'Sometimes you gotta go back to actually move forward, and I don't mean go back and reminisce or chase ghosts,' he says in twisty dialogue that would make his True Detective character Rust Cohle proud. Cedar Hill Police put Sgt. Larry Wise behind the wheel of a cop van for the parody, and at first Wise repeats McConaughey's dialogue word for word, in the same pensive deadpan voice. But things soon veer off from their original course. While McConaughey wonders about 'going back to where you came from', Wise talks about taking 'a big step back,' like 'from winning rookie of the year to getting a couple of reflection days off'. Wise pretends to nod off for a second as he wonders 'Who am I? Why am I still on duty? What is this on my fingers and why won't it come off? Is it mystery pocket goo from that last guy I searched?' A prisoner makes a guest starring appearance, asking Wise if he's okay because he's only going five miles an hour. Wise's response? 'That's pretty good for an Explorer' 'You don't get into police work because it makes sense,' Wise then says. 'You do it cause you thought it really looked cool on TV, or cause med school was out of the question.' As McConaughey drives under the bright city lights, its gas stations and flashing sirens that reflect in Wise's window as he ponders yet another night on the job. 'I like being in here,' he says in the video. 'Driving around all night long contemplating the important questions in life like "Who am I? Why am I still on duty? What is this on my fingers and why won't it come off?"' 'Is it mystery pocket goo from that last guy I searched?' And, in the spoof, a prisoner makes a guest starring appearance, asking Wise if he's okay because he's only going five miles an hour. Wise's response? 'That's pretty good for an Explorer'. The video was posted on the Cedar Hill Police Department's Facebook page to celebrate hitting 4,000 Facebook likes. Lt. Colin Chenault told Daily Mail Online that he, Wise and fellow officer Kaleb Hazard came up with the idea after watching Jim Carrey's spoof of the ads on Saturday Night Live. The video has more than half a million views and has been shared over 12,000 times. Chenault attributes the success to the fact that the video humanizes police officers. 'I think people want to laugh at us and see us as real people,' he said. 'We want people to remember this video, it sheds a light not just on our city but on other officers as well, and remember that police officers are normal people like you and me.' 'We laugh at the same things and we want people to see us as they are - we just do a different job.' Both Chenault and Wise said they are happy they've created a something that is much more positive and comedic than the recent controversial videos featuring policemen around the country. 'Police officers don't like to be stereotyped either,' said Wise. 'So when something bad happens in another city, you're always going to have that percentage of the public, no matter what, think we're all corrupt and can't do anything right.' He added that to be able to put something out to humanize policemen and prove they're 'not all the same', and get such a response from the public, was 'outstanding'. The video was posted on the Cedar Hill Police Department's Facebook page to celebrate hitting 4,000 Facebook likes. It has more than half a million views and has been shared over 12,000 times . | Cedar Hill Police originally created video for department awards banquet . Features Sgt. Larry Wise behind wheel of a squad car instead of a Lincoln . Unlike McConaughey, he doesn't contemplate life's existential questions . Instead wonders why he's 'still on duty' and if the goo on his fingers came from a previous suspect he just searched . Has been viewed more than half a million times after department posted it on Facebook . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An FBI informant sent to infiltrate a California mosque has revealed how his handlers encouraged him to have sexual relations with Muslim women if it meant getting better intel. Craig Monteilh was known to members of the Irvine Islamic Center in Orange County as Farouk al-Aziz, a French Syrian who was a devout and, at times, radical Muslim. However he was really a petty criminal with forgery convictions who was hired by the FBI to go undercover as part of an intelligence surveillance operation after 9/11. Monteilh went public with the operation after his cover was blown in 2007, which exposed some of the government's little-known methods of anti-terrorism policing. Now, in a new interview has given more details about what his mission entailed. Mole: Craig Monteihl, a petty criminal, was recruited by the FBI as an informant as part of post-9/11 surveillance operations. He went undercover as a radical Muslim for 15 months at an Orange County mosque . Speaking with HuffPost Live on Monday, Monteilh said he was paid to seek out potential threats and gain 'personal information' about such people. Agents sought him out after he spent some time in prison for using fraudulent checks. His mission was to obtain email address and phone numbers of anyone suspicious and get the names of any of their associates, which he would then feed back to his FBI handlers. He also planted some recording devices and was taught 'how to be Muslim', he claims. 'The FBI trained me in the tenets of Islam, in the elementary principles of Arabic, and just to blend into the community and to slowly integrate myself as a Muslim male,' Monteilh told HuffPost Live. However Monteilh's was taken one step further when he claims to have been told to become intimate with some of the women he was mining for information if it meant getting more from them. Scene: Monteilh started attending the Irvine Islamic Center in Orange County (pictured) saying his name was Farouk al-Aziz, a French Syrian who was a devout and, at times, radical Muslim . 'I portrayed myself as a unmarried male, although I was married,' he said. 'Within the Muslim community, they would help me to get a bride, so they would introduce me to single Muslim women. 'I would go out on dates and things like that. '(My FBI handlers) instructed me, if I was getting good intel, to allow it to go into sexual relations.' In a previous interview with The Guardian, Monteilh confirmed he had sex with at least one of the women he was surveying. Monteilh claims he received $177,000 tax free from the government for the 15 months of work he did, which equated to over $11,000 each month. Regret: Monteilh says he now realizes he was motivated by money and was spying on innocent people . Ironically, senior officials at the Irvine Islamic Center contacted the FBI when Monteih started speaking of jihad and plans to blow up buildings as part of an entrapment technique. In 2007 the center filed a restraining order against Monteilh, ending the mission. In retrospect, Monteilh says the money distracted him from what was actually happening. 'I began to be conflicted because I was spying on innocent people. They were not involved in criminal activity,' he said. ' 'They were not espousing terrorist rhetoric, but I was still spying on them and giving the FBI the information they wanted.' After Monteilh went public with what he'd done, the FBI defended its tactics, claiming such operations had prevented further terrorist atrocities in the wake of 9/11. Steven Martinez, assistant director in charge of the FBI's Los Angeles field office, said that in certain circumstances, if there is evidence of a crime, FBI agents may 'conduct an activity that might somehow involve surveillance in and about a mosque.' He added: 'I know there's a lot of suspicion that that's the focus, that we're looking at the mosques, monitoring who is coming and going. That's just not the case.' | Craig Monteilh spent time in prison for using fraudulent checks . He was recruited by the FBI as a mole as part of post-9/11 surveillance . Tasked at infiltrating the Irvine Islamic Center in Orange County, pretending to be a radical Muslim . He claims his handlers encouraged him to have sexual relations for intel . He was paid $177,000 from the government for the 15 months of work . However cover was blown when the mosque reported him to the FBI . |
Given this paragraph about Pharaohs, when the title used to address the kings of egypt | The title "Pharaoh" is used for those rulers of Ancient Egypt who ruled after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by Narmer during the Early Dynastic Period, approximately 3100 BC. However, the specific title was not used to address the kings of Egypt by their contemporaries until the New Kingdom's 18th Dynasty, c. 1400 BC. Along with the title Pharaoh for later rulers, there was an Ancient Egyptian royal titulary used by Egyptian kings which remained relatively constant during the course of Ancient Egyptian history, initially featuring a Horus name, a Sedge and Bee (nswt-bjtj) name and a Two Ladies (nbtj) name, with the additional Golden Horus, nomen and prenomen titles being added successively during later dynasties. | 1400 BC |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Is there any sport better at self-criticism than Formula One? Here we are barely 24 hours after watching one of the greatest drivers ever to turn a wheel, Lewis Hamilton, winning the Australian Grand Prix in the most advanced car ever devised, yet some people have already applied the match to the paraffin. Nobody sane would suggest that Sunday's race was the most thrilling ever staged, but to call for rule changes to condense the field is ludicrously premature. Lewis Hamilton celebrates his Australian GP win in front of second-placed Nico Rosberg and Sebastian Vettel . Hamilton stormed to victory at the season-opening Australian Grand Prix following a dominant performance . Nico Rosberg followed Hamilton home as Mercedes picked up where they left off with total domination . I remember when, in 2010, refuelling was done away with and the season started with a horrific bore in Bahrain. Calls for the immediate rewriting of the regulations followed then, too. That urge was resisted and a fine season unfolded: four drivers contested the final round. Even last year, with Mercedes dominant, there were some memorable races – the best of them, this time, in Bahrain, with heart-in-your-mouth, wheel-to-wheel scrapping throughout the field. We should also provide some perspective. For most of the sport’s history, the field was far more spread out than now. Laps upon lap, minute upon minute, were not uncommon gaps in the oily-rag days of yore. Sir Stirling Moss, for example, beat his nearest challenger, Mike Hawthorn, by 5min 12.75sec to win the 1958 Portuguese Grand Prix. You cannot legislate to make every grand prix interesting any more than you can make every football match interesting. Or every boxing match, or every athletics race. Thank goodness, too, because the thrill of sport would be diminished if we arrived knowing what to expect. Yet, unlike in football, Formula One feels an insatiable need to reinvent itself to ‘improve the show’. The navel-gazing is totally boring and counterproductive. Hamilton and Rosberg (right) shake hands after Mercedes pair finished more than 30 seconds ahead of third . Hamilton sprays champagne from the rostrum as he celebrates the 34th grand prix victory of his career . VIDEO Hamilton cruises to victory in Australian GP . It is also mostly self-serving. Teams cry for changes when they are failing to match their opponents, as Red Bull’s Christian Horner did in calling for Mercedes to have their grunt reined in. Toto Wolff responded by telling Horner and the rest to get their ‘f****** heads down and work hard’. Yes, is Formula One not about striving for the best, winning the arms’ race and getting your super-rich rewards? In passing, it is worth pointing out that the teams are far too powerful. The FIA, now presided over by Jean Todt, should surely be leading Formula One rather than following the consensus. If the sport does need an injection of competitiveness, we look to Nico Rosberg to play his part by challenging Hamilton in a way he did not manage in Melbourne. Last year see-sawed until Hamilton took near total command towards the end, and there is no reason to believe that Rosberg may not get the better of Hamilton at some stages this year. But for now we should celebrate the brilliance of Hamilton and his Mercedes machine, and stop moaning. Hollywood star Arnold Schwarzenegger interviews Hamilton after his winning start to the season . Red Bull chief Christian Horner is concerned that Mercedes dominance will be unhealthy for the sport . Red Bull’s motorsport adviser Helmut Marko has warned, not for the first time, that the drinks company is considering leaving Formula One because the rules are not to their liking. This threat should be wafted away. It probably is not genuine, but, even if it is, so what? Global companies such as Mercedes, Toyota and Honda use the platform of Formula One to promote themselves so long as their boardrooms see an advantage in doing so. Then, when it no suits them, they suddenly stop. It is nothing to do with the regulations or the state of the sport. Understanding that is crucial to knowing there is no point bending over backwards to pacify transient visitors. Horner's Red Bull team won consecutive titles between 2010-2013 with Sebastian Vettel behind the wheel . Mercedes chief Toto Wolff has told critics of his team to work to find a solution . Some wagging paddock tongues suggest that Manor never intended to race here in Australia. The suggestion is that they simply flew over the team and cars and parts to make it seem as if they would. Why? They stand to get £28million in prize money by fulfilling their obligations to be in attendance, at least. (They have missed three races – at the end of last season – and cannot miss another under the terms of their contract.) Manor deny the accusation. They say a software problem caused their unavoidable 11th hour withdrawal, adding that they have not saved a penny by not taking part, having bought the fares and paid their staff in any case. Manor’s revival, after the team previously known as Marussia went into administration last autumn, has been widely seen as a tonic for Formula One, beset by the overspending of the less successful teams (my interpretation), or by the iniquitous way it the sport is run (the popular narrative). However, it is unsettling that Manor, backed by OVO Energy entrepreneur Stephen Fitzpatrick, are paying just 1.3p in the pound to creditors. Manor driver Roberto Merhi walks along the grid during the drivers' parade but did not take part in the race . Spaniard Merhi waves to supporters before the first race of the season in Australia . It is no doubt reassuring for Manor’s staff to know that the self-made Graeme Lowdon, sporting director of the old Marussia team and the new Manor team, is an experienced businessman. He made about £3.5million when a previous business of which he was a director, the internet group J2C, closed amid the global technology crash in the early 2000s. Also among the lucky few was Alan Donnelly – Labour’s one-time leader in the European Parliament and a close adviser to former FIA president Max Mosley – who collected £400,000 for his £1,250 stake. Investors who bought shares when the company floated, shortly before its shares peaked, did considerably less well. One shareholder said at the time of J2C’s closure: ‘It seems unfair that the directors should be rewarded quite so well for failure.’ Graeme Lowdon, CEO of Manor arrives in the paddock but the team did not start the race in Melbourne . Imitation being the sincerest form of flattery, it was gratifying to note Lewis Hamilton’s contribution to Mercedes’ post-qualifying press conference. He stood at the back, put his hand up and said to his team boss Toto Wolff: ‘From the Daily Mail, is there any news on the contract?’ Wolff: ‘No news on the contract, to the Daily Mail journalist.’ I am happy to swap salaries with Lewis. Yet while I don’t know if he could do my job, I know I could not do his. 1. Lewis Hamilton (Britain) Mercedes 1:31:54.067 . 2. Nico Rosberg (Germany) Mercedes +00:01.360 . 3. Sebastian Vettel (Germany) Ferrari 00:34.523 . 4. Felipe Massa (Brazil) Williams-Mercedes 00:38.196 . 5. Felipe Nasr (Brazil) Sauber - Ferrari 01:35.149 . 6. Daniel Ricciardo (Australia) Red Bull - Renault 1 lap . 7. Nico Hulkenberg (Germany) Force India - Mercedes 1 lap . 8. Marcus Ericsson (Sweden) Sauber - Ferrari 1 lap . 9. Carlos Sainz Jr (Spain) Toro Rosso - Renault 1 lap . 10. Sergio Perez (Mexico) Force India - Mercedes 1 lap . 11. Jenson Button (Britain) McLaren 2 laps . r. Kimi Raikkonen (Finland) Ferrari 18 laps . r. Max Verstappen (Netherlands) Toro Rosso - Renault 25 laps . r. Romain Grosjean (France) Lotus - Mercedes 58 laps . r. Pastor Maldonado (Venezuela) Lotus - Mercedes 58 laps . r. Daniil Kvyat (Russia) Red Bull - Renault 58 laps . r. Kevin Magnussen (Denmark) McLaren 58 laps . ns. Valtteri Bottas (Finland) Williams-Mercedes . (rank: r = retired, nc = not classified, ns = not started) Fastest Lap: Lewis Hamilton,01:30.945, lap 50. | Lewis Hamilton won the first Grand Prix of the 2015 season on Sunday . Nico Rosberg finished second as Mercedes dominated from start to finish . Mercedes pair qualified on the front row and were never challenged . Sebastian Vettel finished more than 30 seconds behind Rosberg . Red Bull boss Christian Horner said Mercedes dominance will turn off fans . CLICK HERE for all the latest Formula One news . |
Please summarize President Joe Biden's statement below. | I’ve directed my team to bring every element of the federal government together to help with immediate needs and long-term rebuilding. Early this morning, I approved an expedited major disaster declaration to quickly provide Federal assistance to the people of Arkansas. This weekend, I reached out to Governor J.B. Pritzker of Illinois and spoke with Governor Sarah Huckabee Sanders, Little Rock Mayor Frank Scott Jr., and Wynne Mayor Jennifer Hobbs of Arkansas as well as Governor John Carney of Delaware to let them know that my administration will do everything we can to help, as long as it takes. I also spoke with my FEMA Administrator, who already has teams on the ground and is in Arkansas today to coordinate Federal response and recovery efforts. We are working closely with the state of Indiana and other impacted states as they assess damages, and stand ready to respond to any additional requests for Federal assistance. | I approved disaster assistance for Arkansas. I told Arkansas leaders that the federal government will help. I spoke with the FEMA Administrator, who is coordinating efforts. We will work with other states that need assistance. |
Given this reference text about the history of statistics, what was the earliest publican of writing on statistics? | Formal discussions on inference date back to Arab mathematicians and cryptographers, during the Islamic Golden Age between the 8th and 13th centuries. Al-Khalil (717–786) wrote the Book of Cryptographic Messages, which contains one of the first uses of permutations and combinations, to list all possible Arabic words with and without vowels. Al-Kindi's Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages gave a detailed description of how to use frequency analysis to decipher encrypted messages, providing an early example of statistical inference for decoding. Ibn Adlan (1187–1268) later made an important contribution on the use of sample size in frequency analysis.
The earliest writing containing statistics in Europe dates back to 1663, with the publication of Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills of Mortality by John Graunt. Early applications of statistical thinking revolved around the needs of states to base policy on demographic and economic data, hence its stat- etymology. The scope of the discipline of statistics broadened in the early 19th century to include the collection and analysis of data in general. Today, statistics is widely employed in government, business, and natural and social sciences. | The earliest publication containing statistics is Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills or Mortality by John Graunt. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Convicted boyfriend killer Jodi Arias is spending several hours a day video-chatting to fans from her prison cell. The murderer, who narrowly escaped the death penalty for the brutal slaying of Travis Alexander in 2008, is said to be the most popular inmate getting video calls - many from girls as young as 15. Photos have surfaced showing Arias pulling faces and showing off a Hershey's from the confines of the cell where she spends 23-hours-a-day. Scroll down for video . All smiles: 'Fans' take snaps of murderer Arias as she shows off a Hershey's bar and smiles to the camera during video chats from prison cell . Last Saturday alone, Arias took 27 video calls in jail with pictures from some of those calls having leaked. With each call lasting up to 20 minutes, it means Arias spent up to nine hours that day Skyping with followers and fans from a laptop. Poser: The 34-year-old killer was snapped by admirers who have been skyping with Arias in her prison cell following her conviction for murder . Arias, a 34-year-old former waitress from Salinas, California, was found guilty of the murder in 2013, but jurors at the original trial deadlocked on whether to give her the death penalty. Prosecutors accuse Arias of murdering her ex-partner, Travis Alexander, in a jealous rage, but she says she acted in self-defense. Alexander, 30, was found dead in a shower at his Phoenix-area home. He had been stabbed multiple times, his throat was cut almost from ear to ear, and he had been shot in the face. Sheriff Joe Arpaio revealed Arias used the jails video system to tell two 15-year-old admirers they should use fake ID's so they could keep talking with her on the jail video call system. 'The mother told the girls to stop, and evidently the girls got back on and Arias advised them to get some phony ID's so they could get back on there because you have to be 18-years-old,' he said. Other admirers who have been taking photos of the conversation have also been banned with 10 now having been stopped form communicating with the prisoner. Victim: Arias was found guilty of killing her ex-boyfriend Travis Alexander, left, and narrowly avoiding the death sentence . All smiles: Convicted killer Arias is said to be the most popular inmate for video calls receiving dozens in just one day . But, despite calls for her to have the privilege withdrawn, Arias is still able to make and receive video phone calls. Mr Arpaio says any discipline in the jail has to go through a committee, and that process takes a few days. Only after that is complete could Arias lose the right to make calls. 'It takes a few days to justify why we have taken action on any violation of our policy, I want to make sure we follow the proper procedures, she's not going to like this,' said Arpaio. Murdered: Victim Travis Alexander (right) was brutally murdered by lover Arias (left) in 2008 . The 20 minute phone calls cost £3.30 or $5 each, and anybody can request a conversation but Arias has to accept the calls. Earlier this month, Arias was sentenced to life behind bars after a jury failed to reach a verdict on whether to execute her for the murder of her ex-boyfriend Travis Alexander - causing his distraught sister to break down in tears and wish Arias to 'burn in hell'. The harrowing scene played out in Maricopa Country Superior Court as Judge Sherry Stephens declared a mistrial meaning Arias, 34, would not be able to face the death penalty. Tanisha Sorenson was overcome with grief and held her face in her hand as other members of Alexander's family wept while a shackled Arias looked on impassively as she escaped with her life. Speaking to the media afterwards, a furious Sorensen said, 'The real justice will be in the afterlife when Jodi burns in hell.' It is now up to the judge to decide if Arias gets 25-years to-life with parole or without parole and Stephens told the court she would announce this in April. | Arias took 27 video calls in just ONE day from her jail cell . 10 people have been banned from calling her including two teenager girls . Spending hours chatting as each phonecall can last up to 20 minutes . Has led to demands for infamous murderer to lose jail privilege . Arias sentenced to life in prison for boyfriend Travis Alexander's murder . Alexander was stabbed 30 times, slit in the throat, and shot in the forehead, in 2008 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Zinedine Zidane joined in the clamour for the highly-rated midfielder Paul Pogba by claiming it is 'only logical' that Real Madrid want him on board at the Bernabeu. The France international, who is currently nursing a hamstring injury, extended his contract with the Old Lady until the end of the 2018-19 season back in October, however he has been consistently linked with a move away from Turin. The 22-year-old has attracted interest from a number of top European clubs, with Manchester United, Paris Saint-Germain, Barcelona and Madrid all being tipped as potential suitors. Real Madrid Castilla coach Zinedine Zidane is not shocked by his club's interest in compatriot Paul Pogba . Pogba has been a key figure for Juventus this season and is a much sought after talent throughout Europe . Keen on a return to the Premier League, Pogba is reported to be part of a £100million summer wishlist at former club United and is also understood to have been closely monitored by Manchester City and Chelsea. With so much attention surrounding the young star - who has netted seven goals in 22 Serie A appearances this season - Zidane feels such interest should not come as a surprise to those aware of his talents. Juventus midfielder and former United player Pogba is also on Louis van Gaal's radar at Old Trafford . 'When we are talking about a player like Pogba, it is only logical Real Madrid are interested in signing him,' Zidane told French channel Canal+. 'He is a player with immense potential, who still has an important margin for improvement. 'He is still young and has an exciting future ahead of him. 'Where Pogba will play next season? I don't know the answer to that question. You will have to ask him.' | Zinedine Zidane said interest in Juventus star Paul Pogba is 'only logical' The 22-year-old has seven goals in 22 Serie A appearances this season . Pogba has also attracted interest from Manchester United, Chelsea and Manchester City . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Grim details have emerged about how death row inmates are executed by firing squad at Indonesia's 'Death Island' of Nusa Kambangan. The revelations paint a vivid picture of the likely fate of Australian convicted drug smugglers Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran, who are due at any time to be sent to the island to be executed along with nine others. Four of the most recently executed prisoners were strapped to wooden planks with a type of rubber used to make the inside of car tyres. A fifth inmate, an Indonesian woman, opted not to be attached to a board as she was 'ready' to die, News Corp reported. Scroll down for video . Grim details have emerged about how death row inmates are executed by firing squad at Indonesia's 'Death Island' of Nusa Kambangan . Four of the most recently executed prisoner were strapped to wooden planks with rubber that is used to make the inside of car tyres . Dutchman Ang Kiem Soe, Brazilian Marco Archer Cardoso Moreira, Nigerian Daniel Enemuo and Malawi's Namaona Denis were all put on hardwood teak planks, which were two metres tall and 40 centimetres wide. The planks were not fixed to the ground so the prisoners could move around or fall when they were shot. Indonesia's Rani Adriani was the quickest one to die when she was shot on 'Death Island'. She was declared dead by the medical examiner after six minutes compared to the others who took a lot longer to die when they were shot on the left side of their chest, according to an unnamed source. The 38-year-old forewent all options that were given to her fellow inmates - including wearing a hood, cuffing their hands and binding their legs together. Her Muslic cleric, Ustad Hasan Makarim, told News Corp Adriani - who was convicted of smuggling 3.5kg of heroin in 2000 - was 'mentally strong' and had resigned herself to death. Indonesian special police hold a drill ahead of a planned transfer of Australians Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan from Kerobokan Prison to Nusakambangan Prison . Indonesian authorities put on a show of force in Bali on Friday, demonstrating how the Australian drug smugglers will be taken from Kerobokan jail to the penal island Nusakambangan . 'On the day she died, she was ready. She had given herself to God,' he said. Vietnamese woman Tran Bich Hanh was also executed on the same day as the five others but her death happened elsewhere in central Java. She was granted her last wish not to be handcuffed when she was shot dead. These details come after it emerged more than 20 heavily-armed officers will escort the handcuffed Australian Bali Nine duo Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan on to the military plane that takes them to their execution. Indonesian authorities put on a show of force in Bali last month, demonstrating how the convicted drug smugglers would be taken from Kerobokan jail to Nusa Kambangan. Police mobile brigade (Brimob) commander Rudy Harianto, who invited the media to a simulation of their transfer from jail to the airport in armoured vehicles, told The Sydney Morning Herald they 'are ready at any given time' and is confident that prisoners 'will not be able to escape'. Bali Nine's Myuran Sukumaran (left) and Andrew Chan (right) who have been sentenced to death . Two armed vehicles of the Indonesian special police take part in a drill on Friday . A Brimob water cannon is on stand-by and the military has Sukhoi jets available to escort the plane in flight . In the exercise, 22 heavily-armed officers clad in balaclavas took the prisoners, played by two police, on and off a military plane, represented by a bus. A Brimob water cannon is on stand-by and the military has Sukhoi jets available to escort the plane in flight. Central Java Provincial Law and Human Rights Office head Mirza Zulkarnaen said new isolation cells were now ready, although other arrangements were not complete. Authorities plan to hold the Australians and eight others in Besi prison before they meet their end in front of a firing squad. Attorney-General HM Prasetyo has not named all 10 prisoners to face the firing squad, but 10 drug offenders are on death row, with the confirmation that another Nigerian man, Okwudili Oyatanze, has been denied presidential clemency. Chintu Sukumaran (right) and Brintha Sukumaran (left), brother and sister of Australian death row prisoner Myuran Sukumaran, arrive to visit him at Kerobokan prison in Denpasar on Friday . Michael Chan (centre), brother of Australian death row prisoner Andrew Chan, leaves Kerobokan prison . According to media reports, he and three others were caught smuggling heroin into Jakarta in 2001. * Mary Jane Fiesta Veloso (Philippines) * Serge Areski Atlaoui (France) * Martin Anderson alias Belo (Ghana) * Raheem Agbaje Salami (Nigeria) * Rodrigo Gularte (Brazil) * Myuran Sukumaran (Australia) * Andrew Chan (Australia) * Zainal Abidin (Indonesia) * Silvester Obikwe (Nigeria) * Okwudili Oyatanze (Nigeria) President Joko Widodo wants to deny all death row drug offenders clemency, believing it is a good shock tactic in the war against narcotics. Prime Minister Tony Abbott spoke to Mr Joko by phone last Wednesday night regarding the condemned Australians, and described the conversation as positive. Mr Joko has also spoken with leaders of France, Brazil and the Netherlands about their citizens facing the death penalty, but has maintained his country has a sovereign right to carry out its laws. Jakarta responded hotly earlier this month when Mr Abbott brought up the $1 billion donation Australia made following the 2004 tsunami. Lawyers for Chan and Sukumaran have urged Indonesia to look at their clients' cases without the distractions of arguments about sovereignty. They plan a legal appeal and argue it would be unjust to execute them in the meantime. | In January, doomed inmates were strapped to two-metre hardwood planks . Four men were strapped with rubber to the boards that were not secured . One woman opted not to be tied to the teak board as she was 'ready to die' Indonesia's Rani Adriani was declared dead six minutes after she was shot . Others were wearing hoods, had their hands cuffed or their legs bound . Revelations offer insight into fate of Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran . |
What is the special aspect of Einstein's special theory of relativity? | Until several years later when Einstein developed general relativity, which introduced a curved spacetime to incorporate gravity, the phrase "special relativity" was not used. A translation sometimes used is "restricted relativity"; "special" really means "special case".[p 2][p 3][p 4][note 1] Some of the work of Albert Einstein in special relativity is built on the earlier work by Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré. The theory became essentially complete in 1907.
The theory is "special" in that it only applies in the special case where the spacetime is "flat", that is, where the curvature of spacetime (a consequence of the energy–momentum tensor and representing gravity) is negligible.[note 2] In order to correctly accommodate gravity, Einstein formulated general relativity in 1915. Special relativity, contrary to some historical descriptions, does accommodate accelerations as well as accelerating frames of reference. | The "special" part of Einstein's special theory of relativity is a reference to it being a special case of his General Theory of Relativity. Special relativity only applies in the special case where the curvature of spacetime is negligible, i.e., spacetime is "flat". Special relativity was formulated in 1907, and in order to correctly accommodate gravity, Einstein formulated general relativity in 1915. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A former Temple University football star and another man have been charged with human trafficking after they allegedly brought three girls aged 14, 16 and 17 to a hotel for prostitution, according to Baltimore police. Matthew Warren Brown, 25, and Anthony Leon Eley Jr., 30, were arrested during a sting operation at a Best Western Hotel. Undercover detectives used the escorts section on the website Backpage.com and arranged to meet with a woman, who claimed to be 23, at the hotel on St Patrick's Day, according to court documents. Matthew Warren Brown, 25, (left) was arrested with Anthony Leon Eley Jr., 30, (right) during a sting operation at a Baltimore hotel where they allegedly brought three underage girls aged 14, 16 and 17 for prostitution . Police said one of the girls asked for money, according to WBAL TV. Brown, a former Temple University running back, and Eley were arrested after they arrived at the hotel with the three underage girls in their car, according to police. Court documents state that Brown told police he had met the three girls on the street and gave them a ride to a different hotel before driving them to the Best Western. Brown claimed he did not know the girls were underage or involved in prostitution and that Eley provided the car, according to charging documents. One of the girls told police that both men had known the girls were underage, according to court documents. The girl alleged Brown drove them to two meetings with two other men before they arrived at the Best Western. She claimed the girls had robbed both of the men of their money and intended to do the same at the Best Western meeting. According to court documents, the girl told police she paid Brown $300 to drive the girls around. She said Eley had given the girls condoms for their meetings. The 17-year-old girl told police that Brown was the girls' pimp and also said he knew they were underage, documents state. Brown, a former football star at Temple University (pictured), told police he had met the girls on the street that day and were unaware they were underage or involved in prostitution, according to court documents . The girls were taken into custody as human trafficking victims and were interviewed by the FBI Child Sexual Exploitation Task Force. They face no charges and are under the care of social services, according to a spokesman for the police department. Brown is the son of prominent Baltimore attorney Warren Brown, who told WBAL TV that the news was 'gut-wrenching' and 'devastating'. 'It brought tears to my eyes. My heart was broken,' he said. 'I haven't had time to sit down and go talk to him about this. I haven't had time really to look at the charge papers.' Both Brown and Eley were released on bond. This month Eley was charged with assaulting a police officer, as well as second-degree burglary of a pharmacy. Brown was a Big East Special Teams Player of the Year while he played for Temple University, according to the Baltimore Sun. He was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as a kick returner in 2013 before being released. One of the girls told police that both men had known the girls were underage, according to court documents, and alleged Brown drove them to two meetings before they arrived at the Best Western (pictured) | Matthew Warren Brown, 25, and Anthony Leon Eley Jr., 30, were arrested during a string operation at a Baltimore hotel . Undercover detectives used the escorts section on a website and arranged to meet with a woman who claimed to be 23 . Brown told police he did not know the girls were underage or involved in prostitution . Brown was once signed to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers . |
How do McEwan and Sharp share the same parents if their mother was married to a different man when Sharp was born? | In 2002, McEwan discovered that he had a brother who had been given up for adoption during the Second World War; the story became public in 2007. The brother, a bricklayer named David Sharp, was born six years earlier than McEwan, when their mother was married to a different man. Sharp has the same mother and father as McEwan but was born from an affair that occurred before they married. After her first husband was killed in combat, McEwan's mother married her lover, and Ian was born a few years later. The brothers are in regular contact and McEwan has written a foreword to Sharp's memoir. | While married to a man who would die in combat, their mother had an affair with a man (their father) she would later marry. That affair produced Sharp, and they proceeded to have another child, McEwan, following their marriage. |
What was the primary mode of transportation across the San Francisco bay prior to the Golden Gate Bridge? | Before the bridge was built, the only practical short route between San Francisco and what is now Marin County was by boat across a section of San Francisco Bay. A ferry service began as early as 1820, with a regularly scheduled service beginning in the 1840s for the purpose of transporting water to San Francisco.
The Sausalito Land and Ferry Company service, launched in 1867, eventually became the Golden Gate Ferry Company, a Southern Pacific Railroad subsidiary, the largest ferry operation in the world by the late 1920s. Once for railroad passengers and customers only, Southern Pacific's automobile ferries became very profitable and important to the regional economy. The ferry crossing between the Hyde Street Pier in San Francisco and Sausalito Ferry Terminal in Marin County took approximately 20 minutes and cost $1.00 per vehicle,[when?] a price later reduced to compete with the new bridge. The trip from the San Francisco Ferry Building took 27 minutes. | The only (practical) way to get across the San Francisco Bay prior to 1937 was by Ferry. The Golden Gate Ferry Company, which became the largest ferry operation by the late 1920's, was established in 1867 as the Sausalito Land & Ferry Company. The ferry would take approximately 20 minutes and cost $1.00 per vehicle. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Forget chasing mice - this athletic kitten's more interested in brushing up on his ball skills. Two-month-old Zeke was filmed as he excitedly batted a miniature plush basketball around his pen at the Cincinnati Zoo in Ohio. The spotted youngster, who is a Serval breed, didn't let the cameras distract him from his sporty antics and he continued to play away. Scroll down for video . On a roll: Two-month-old Zeke was filmed as he excitedly batted a miniature plush basketball around his pen at the Cincinnati Zoo in Ohio . Lost in the moment: The spotted youngster who is a Serval breed, didn't let the cameras distract him from his sporty antics and he continued to play away . Footage shows him rolling around as he scoops the ball between his paws. Zeke was born at the Gladys Porter Zoo in Brownsville, Texas, before being transferred to his new home. He is currently in quarantine at Cincinnati Zoo’s nursery to ensure he is healthy before being introduced to the other animals. He will eventually be part of the park's Cat Ambassador Program which allows visitors - by special arrangement - to see some of the cats up-close and without bars. Celebrated delivery: Zeke was born at the Gladys Porter Zoo, in Brownsville, Texas, before being transferred to his new home . Growing pains: He is currently in quarantine at Cincinnati Zoo’s nursery to ensure he is healthy before being introduced to the other animals . Serval cats are native to the grasslands of Africa. They have the longest legs of any cat, relative to body size. Weighing an average of 40 pounds they can grow 24 inches in height and up to 36 inches in length. The Serval is currently classified as 'least concern' on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, but they do face threats, in the wild, from larger cats. They are also hunted for their pelts. Despite being wild, the Serval cat has been kept as a pet by Europeans for hundreds of years. On show: He will eventually be part of the park's Cat Ambassador Program, which allows visitors, by special arrangement, to see some of the beautiful cats, up-close and without bars . Safety in numbers: The Serval is currently classified as 'least concern' on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, but they do face threats, in the wild, from larger cats . | The two-month-old cat was filmed as he excitedly batted a miniature plush basketball around his pen at the Cincinnati Zoo in Ohio . He is currently in quarantine to ensure he is healthy before being introduced to the other animals . Zeke will eventually be part of the park's Cat Ambassador Program, which allows visitors to see some of the cats, up-close and without bars . |
Where is the Black See? | The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. The Black Sea is supplied by major rivers, principally the Danube, Dnieper, and Don. Consequently, while six countries have a coastline on the sea, its drainage basin includes parts of 24 countries in Europe. | The Black Sea is lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsene Wenger has insisted there is no European crisis for English clubs despite a second year out of three with no representatives in the last eight of the Champions League – but he does believe it is time to change the away-goals rule. Arsenal and Chelsea both crashed out of the competition on away goals in the first knockout stage, beaten by Monaco and Paris Saint-Germain respectively. Wenger, however, has long championed a change to the rule. Arsenal crashed out of the Champions League on away goals despite beating Monaco on Tuesday . Monaco scored three away goals at the Emirates which proved to be the difference in the tie . If at the end of two-legged tie the score is level, the team that has scored the most goals away from home is declared the winner. For example, Monaco beat Arsenal 3-1 away from home before losing 2-0 in Monte Carlo. With the score tied at 3-3, Monaco progressed courtesy of having scored on more goal on their travels. 'That's a rule that's outdated now and should be changed,' the Arsenal boss said. 'It should count maybe after extra-time. It was created in the 1960s to get teams to attack away from home. 'Since then football has changed and the weight of the away goals is too big today. Maybe count it after extra-time like in the League Cup in England. 'I think the quality of Premier League is high and physical demands are extreme but I'm not in the mood to analyse too much what's wrong with English football. I don't think there's a lot wrong.' Wenger must pick up his players ahead of Saturday's game at Newcastle as the battle for a top-four finish in the Premier League continues. He added: 'The mood is down and we are disappointed. The tie lasted 180 minutes and we were not cautious enough in the first 90. We know why we went out, it's down to a dreadful defensive performance in the first leg. Arsenal boss Arsene Wenger wants the away-goals rule changed in European competition . Manchester City were the third English club to be knocked out at the last-16 stage after they lost to Barcelona . 'We must focus on next targets and we have to continue to improve. We are better today than four months ago. 'Let's keep that attitude. There's a fantastic spirit and great quality. Let's rectify what we didn't do well in first game and continue to improve. 'We've won 13 of the last 15 and that's down to quality and improvement. We are not in a transfer period. Ninety-five per cent of the players will still be here next season and what is important is their attitude and improvement. We are in the semi-finals of the FA Cup, and in a strong fight in the Premier League. We can do that straight away on Saturday. 'We're on a good run. We won the game in Monaco. We're frustrated and disappointed to go out but that's down to our home performance especially on the defensive front. We were a bit unlucky as well. If you look at shots on target by Monaco in the two games they've been quite efficient.' | Arsenal and Chelsea crashed out of the Champions League on away goals . Manchester City lost to Barcelona to complete an English clean sweep . Arsene Wenger wants the away-goals rule changed . But the Arsenal boss denied English clubs are in crisis . READ: Champions League quarter-finals guide . |
From the given text, Provide some info regarding consistory | In the Roman Catholic Church a consistory is a formal meeting of the College of Cardinals called by the pope. There are two kinds of consistories, extraordinary and ordinary. An "extraordinary" consistory is held to allow the pope to consult with the entire membership of the College of Cardinals. An "ordinary" consistory is ceremonial in nature and attended by cardinals resident in Rome. For example, the pope elevates new cardinals to the College at a consistory; Pope Francis has called consistories for ceremonies of canonization. | 1. A consistory is a formal gathering of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church that is summoned by the pope.
2. Consistories come in two varieties: remarkable and ordinary.
3. The pope can consult with the full College of Cardinals by calling a "extraordinary" consistory.
4. Cardinals who live in Rome attend "ordinary" consistories, which are ceremonial in nature.
5. Pope Francis has convened consistories for canonization ceremonies, for instance, where he elevates new cardinals to the College of Cardinals. |
Extract one of the franchise introduced in IPL 2022 from the text and who won the title during the previous session. | The 2022 Indian Premier League, also known as IPL 15 or for sponsorship reasons, TATA IPL 2022, was the fifteenth season of the Indian Premier League (IPL), a professional Twenty20 cricket league established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The tournament was played from 26 March 2022 to 29 May 2022. The group stage of the tournament was played entirely in the state of Maharashtra, with Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Pune hosting matches.
The season saw the expansion of the league with the addition of two new franchises. Chennai Super Kings were the defending champions, having won their fourth title during the previous season.
In the final one of the new franchises, Gujarat Titans, beat Rajasthan Royals by seven wickets to win their first title. | The IPL 2022 season saw the expansion of the league with the addition of two new franchises, and one of them was Gujarat Titans. Gujarat Titans, beat Rajasthan Royals by seven wickets to win their first title.
Also, Chennai Super Kings were the defending champions, having won their fourth title during the previous season. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A crowd of tens of thousands filled Yitzhak Rabin Square in Tel Aviv on Saturday evening, calling for a change in Israeli leadership amid growing discontent with the current administration. The rally, called "Israel Wants Change," was put on by One Million Hands, a grassroots movement that focuses its efforts on two major issues: a two-state solution and a reduction in the cost of living. On both of these topics, founder Dror Ben-Ami says, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has failed. "We think that the only way to go forward on that account is to change government and to get this current government out of office. To get Bibi out of office," says Ben-Ami. Organizers are not promoting any specific candidate or pushing voters toward any political party in the March 17 balloting. Instead, they are encouraging voters to change the current administration. Police estimated the crowd at 40,000 people. Headlining the rally was Meir Dagan, the former head of Mossad, Israel's spy agency, and a vocal critic of Netanyahu. In recent weeks, Dagan criticized Netanyahu's decision to speak before the U.S. Congress, and he continued his criticism at the rally, saying that he has never seen such stagnation in Israeli politics. Netanyahu still has broad support in Israel, and his Likud party is doing well in the polls. The Zionist Union is Likud's primary challenger. In the initial round of polling immediately following Netanyahu's speech before Congress, the Zionist Union was expected to win 24 seats in the Knesset while Likud was expected to win 23 seats. The poll comes from CNN affiliate Channel 2 Israel. Because of the nature of Israeli politics, Netanyahu's Likud party could lose the election while Netanyahu still becomes prime minister. In many ways, this rally was reminiscent of a similar social movement that began in the summer of 2011. Hundreds of thousands of protesters packed the streets of Tel Aviv, demanding improvements in the cost of housing, education, and health care. What started as a small social media campaign turned into a nationwide movement that spread to other major cities. This time, the issues are different. But the growing sense of discontent and the calls for change remain. | Group One Million Hands sponsors event in Tel Aviv . They want to see a new prime minister . Israeli elections come March 17 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Francis Coquelin was left nursing a bloody nose for a second time this month after a collision with Marouane Fellaini just five minutes into Arsenal's FA Cup quarter final victory at Old Trafford. The Frenchman was seen to by the Arsenal medical staff, and was given the all clear before returning to give a Man-of-the-Match performance. The Arsenal midfielder suffered a broken nose at the beginning of the month following a bruising bump with team-mate Olivier Giroud during the Gunners 2-0 Barclays Premier League win over Everton. Arsenal midfielder Francis Coquelin (left) takes a blow to the face from Manchester United's Marouane Fellaini . The young Gunners star falls to the Old Trafford turf after Fellaini's arm made contact with his nose . The bloodied Frenchman is given the once-over by medical staff before given the go ahead to continue . He was forced to wear a protective mask during Arsenal's victory at QPR last week and trained with it too. And he could have done with it in Manchester after requiring the club's doctors to rush on the pitch to clean him up. Not wearing his mask, the young Frenchman was left bloodied after an early blow from United midfielder Fellaini. The 23-year-old was swiftly back on his feet, however, and was cleared to continue. Coquelin and team-mate Olivier Giroud collided heads during the Gunners' clash with Everton . The 23-year-old receives treatment from Arsenal medical staff after his collision at the Emirates Stadium . After a lengthy stoppage out, Coquelin was allowed to return the field of play having received treatment . Arsenal midfielder Coquelin (right) was forced to wear a protective mask during his side's win against QPR . | Francis Coquelin clashed with Marouane Fellaini in the fifth minute . The midfielder suffered a broken nose against Everton earlier this month . The Frenchman needed to wear a protective mask against QPR last week . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | France is filled with foreboding about the fate that awaits Philippe Saint-Andre's misfiring team at Twickenham. The coach has come in for fierce criticism during another RBS Six Nations campaign of grinding, mid-table mediocrity, but according to two members of the last Gallic team to win a championship match in London, exactly a decade ago, the problems run deeper than the man in charge. Their primary concerns are the mass influx of overseas players into the Top 14 league which has stalled the development of home-grown talent – and the death of French flair. France full back Scott Spedding (left), who was born in South Africa, makes a break against Italy in Rome . Racing Metro flanker Bernard le Roux (centre) is another South African-born player in France's ranks . Clermont winger Noa Nakaitaci (right) was born in Fiji but now represents Les Bleus . Rory Kockott was snapped up by France after the South African scrum half qualified on residency grounds . France coach Philippe Saint-Andre has come in for strong criticism following another mediocre campaign . VIDEO Italy v France - extended highlights . 72 per cent: English players in Premiership match day squads so far this season. 70 per cent: English players in 2014 Aviva Premiership final match day squads. 71 per cent: English players in Premiership sides for last round of Champions Cup. 45 per cent: French players in Top 14 squads, according to French study. 46 per cent: French players in 2014 Top 14 final match day squads. 62 per cent: French players in Top 14 sides for last round of Champions Cup. There is still a mathematical chance that Les Bleus can win the title this weekend, but that is pie in the sky and cannot disguise their chronic limitations. Dimitri Yachvili, the goal-kicking hero of France's 18-17 win at the home of their fiercest rivals in 2005, describes it as a 'bad time for our rugby' and suggests that the booming import trade is the primary issue. 'To me, the problem is that we have too many foreign players in the Top 14 and all the good young French players don't play enough,' said the former Biarritz scrum-half. 'The clubs prefer buying a South African player, or a Kiwi player or an Australian player – maybe because they think it is safer to do that. The young players don't play and that is not good. 'When young players arrive in the French team, they don't have enough experience of the high level. A few years ago, you had to be good for one or two years for your club, before you could be picked for France. Now you just have to do one good move in a match. Former France scrum half Dimitri Yachvili fires out a pass during his side's clash against England in 2004 . Yachvili's sublime goal-kicking performance secured France's last victory at Twickenham back in 2005 . 'Against Wales at Stade de France and against Ireland in Dublin, we were not very far from winning those games, but we are missing the experience that is needed. If we didn't have so many foreign players in our league, the players would have more experience and we could win those games.' Serge Betsen was another stalwart of the France team that stormed the Twickenham barricades 10 years ago. The ex-Biarritz and Wasps flanker is also worried about the lack of player development in his country, adding: 'The politicians need to help the youngsters to get experience at the highest level. English rugby organises things to give their national players priority. 'During my time at Biarritz, I played with Joe Roff, who won the World Cup with Australia. These kind of players showed me how to improve. To be in contact with them is important, but you still need to give opportunities to the youngsters. We've got a lot of talented players like Gael Fickou and Wesley Fofana. But Fickou needs the time to express his talent. I don't know why he hasn't had the time.' Former France flanker Serge Betsen (right) is worried by the amount of overseas players in the Top 14 . Noa Nakaitaci . Once captain of the Fiji schoolboys team, the powerful winger moved to France after Clermont Auvergne set up an academy in the Pacific Islands. He signed with the Top 14 club in 2011 and made his France debut two years later. Rory Kockott . The scrum-half was snapped up by Les Bleus as soon as he became eligible for selection through the three-year residency rule. He was tipped as a Springboks star following his time with the Natal Sharks but was overlooked by South Africa coach Heyneke Meyer. Bernard Le Roux . Despite being born and raised in Moorreesburg, South Africa, the flanker made his rugby debut in Amsterdam. He joined the Border Bulldogs on the Eastern Cape and was offered a deal with the Lions but opted for a move to Racing Metro. Scott Spedding . Born in Krugersdorp, South Africa, the full back came through the Natal Sharks academy and represented the Springboks at Under 21 level. He signed for Brive in 2008 before moving to Bayonne and was granted a French passport last year. The decline of the renowned French flair has been in evidence at Test and club level for several years now. A nation once known for cavalier attacking play which conjured such iconic moments as the fabled 'Try from the end of the earth' in Auckland in 1994 has largely adopted a more pragmatic, Anglo-Saxon reliance on brute force. Asked if his country have tried too hard to play like England, Yachvili said: 'Yes, yes. We have lost our French rugby a little bit, because a lot of foreign players have come to play for the French clubs and they have another culture and another way of playing. We must try to keep the French flair, but I think we have lost that a bit. 'It is in our DNA to play intuitive rugby. We don't have the best organisation and the best game-plans in the world, but what we have more than other nations is this way to attack from everywhere. But we must be open-minded and free to play this rugby, and at the moment I think we're not free.' Betsen echoed his former team-mate, adding: 'England has taken parts of the French to add that X-factor to their game – guys like George Ford – who aren't just about kicking but can spot the gap. 'French rugby tried to follow other nations and copy their way of doing things, but it's not always been effective. We want players to practise weights more than passing, but we need a more holistic approach. The flair comes with confidence and trust. You need panache, enjoyment and excitement; sometimes that's been missing.' What has not been lost along the way is a fervent passion for this classic fixture. The cross-Channel rivalry stirs French blood as much as it ever did. An admiration for those who wear the Red Rose is temporarily shelved at kick-off time. 'We like English rugby, but we hate them just for 80 minutes!' said Yachvili, who spent a season at Gloucester. 'They are very good players, they are very well organised, they have a very good game-plan and we respect them, but for 80 minutes it will always be a very big battle. Betsen believes players such as Gael Fickou (left) and Wesley Fofana are hindered by the current system . 'Of course, it is the biggest game for us. It is historic and it is always special. It is Le Crunch. It is the last game this year and England can still win the Six Nations. For us, we will be more scared before the game than last week or against Wales at home, but I'm hoping we can do something special.' That is certainly what Yachvili did in 2005. It was his special goal-kicking that helped France rally from a 17-6 half-time deficit to win 18-17. As it turns out, he was assisted with his match-winning efforts by an Englishman, whose identity remains a secret. 'It was crazy because, in the captain's run training session the day before the game, my kicking was very bad and my coach was very scared about the game,' he said. 'But in the game, I think one kick hit the post but the rest were good. Giant New Zealand-born prop Uini Atonio (right) is another foreign player that is part of the France squad . 'I broke my kicking tee in the captain's run training session and I had to ask a friend living in London where I could buy a tee, because I wanted the same one. He said the only shop around was at Twickenham, so he went to buy my tee for the game there, but nobody knew it! I will not tell you the name of the friend, but he is English!' France surely won't be short of a tee or two this time, but better preparation may not be enough to end their long wait for a championship win in the English capital. But Yachvili hasn't abandoned all hope. 'When people think we are no good, that is when France do something,' he said – ominously for the home side. 'On paper, we would say England will beat us easily, because their rugby is more efficient and much better than us right now. But with French rugby, we never know.' | England face France in the final round of the Six Nations on Saturday . France coach Philippe Saint-Andre has been heavily criticised following another disappointing Six Nations campaign . Dimitri Yachvili concerned by high number of foreign players in Top 14 league . Yachvili's goal-kicking secured France a 18-17 win at Twickenham in 2005 . It was France's last victory at England HQ . Serge Betsen believes France are not developing enough young talent . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jose Mourinho is on course to win trophy number 22 if his Chelsea side can stay at the summit of the Premier League but instead of keeping medals as a reminder of his success - he retires the watch he wore to triumph. The Blues boss has already added watch number 21 which was a, Hublot King Power Special One, this season after lifting the Capital One Cup last month. With his cabinet of watches filling up year-by-year, Mourinho knows he's just a few wins away from adding yet another timepiece to his ever growing collection. The Chelsea boss will be hoping he can put his current watch with his collection if he wins the title . He said: 'When I win titles the gifts I buy are for my wife, my daughter and my son. But I take my watch from my wrist and I keep it. Instead of medals, I keep a watch. 'When I finish a season with a trophy, that season is represented with a watch. They're in a safe box. In this moment, I have a sponsorship deal but, previously, they weren't a particular brand. 'Previously, it was just a watch that I could feel comfortable with, especially as I come from the time when not every stadium had a digital clock and even if some did they finished at 90 minutes. 'My favourite one is the last one, as I designed it with the company and the company did it for me according to my needs - to wear on the bench with the colours I want and material and size and weight. Jose Mourinho currently has 21 watches in his collection and is looking to make it 22 this season . 'I designed it with the company, it's blue, it's my watch.' Chelsea travel to Hull on Sunday with both sides needing the three points for very different reasons. Steve Bruce's side find themselves just three points above the relegation zone coming into the final leg of the Premier League season. Mourinho's side are locked in a battle for the top spot with Manchester City and with Arsenal creeping up into contention, the Blues know that they can't afford to slip up. Diego Costa (centre) will be hoping to keep his rich vein of goalscoring form going against Hull . | Jose Mourinho reveals he retires his current watch with every trophy . The Chelsea boss has won 21 trophies during his time as a manager . The Blues are in pole position to win the Premier League title . Click here for all the latest Chelsea news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)"The Stomp" remains one of the most controversial plays in NCAA history -- when Duke's Christian Laettner lifted his foot and stepped on Kentucky's Aminu Timberlake during a critical moment of what has been called the greatest college basketball game ever played, the 1992 NCAA East Regional Final. Mention The Stomp in a diner or bar in Kentucky and you best be prepared for a string of expletives -- from the blue-haired elders to the wealthiest thoroughbred trainers -- about how Laettner is the vilest human on Earth. Then, the woulda, coulda, shouldas begin: Laettner should've been kicked out; he should never have been in the game to hit that miraculous shot; Kentucky should've advanced to the Final Four. The Stomp returned to headlines this week after ESPN aired a "30 for 30" documentary called "I Hate Christian Laettner," detailing the life of one of the best players to ever play college ball and why he remains a lightning rod to this day. When it comes to The Stomp, Laettner says he decided to give a "little payback" while Timberlake lay helpless on the ground. If Kentucky fans needed more reason to hate Laettner, those words might've been it. But on Twitter, Laettner issued a video apology to Timberlake, the first time he'd ever done so: . Timberlake could've lashed back, but he's too classy for that. He is one of the nicest guys you'll ever meet. He remains active in basketball, coaching an eighth-grade girls travel-team in Atlanta. (In full transparency, I coached with him last year.) He responded to Laettner, saying he appreciates and accepts the apology. But he makes it clear where his loyalty lies. At the end of his 23-second message, Timberlake's voice turns into a smooth baritone and he ends with: "Go Big Blue." Timberlake doesn't dwell on The Stomp. The thing he prefers to remember from that game was the honor of playing in it -- and the locker room speech by Coach Rick Pitino after the game. Pitino held up an old Sports Illustrated cover that said the Kentucky program was in shambles. Pitino told his players that although they lost on the court, his players had done something much bigger: They'd put Kentucky basketball back on the map. "It put a lot of things in perspective, especially for a young team in a program that had just returned from heavy NCAA sanctions," Timberlake says. "All I remember is working with our heads down, attacking every practice and every game to the best of our ability. And that speech just reminded us of what was accomplished through that hard work, even in a loss." That is a message, he says, that still resonates in his life: "Sometimes you don't see the full picture and don't reap the immediate rewards of your work, but 9 times out of 10 good things do happen." Timberlake has had fun with The Stomp over the years, even donning a "I Still Hate Laettner" T-shirt that was given to him and posing with fans when Kentucky and Duke played a couple years ago. He jokes that he's not sure if he was "a true hater" of Laettner like so many others. But that game will never quite sit well with Kentucky players and fans. However, Timberlake says the documentary gave him a new perspective on Laettner that he thought he'd never have. "I can really respect his accomplishments, his basketball career and his passion for the game," Timberlake says. Don't get him wrong. Timberlake still bleeds Kentucky blue. He'd love to see Kentucky play Duke for the title this year, this time with the Wildcats walking away as the winners. Face off against your favorite anchors in the CNN March Madness bracket challenge . | Christian Laettner apologizes 23 years later for stomping on player . Aminu Timberlake accepts apology, but hopes Kentucky wins it all . Timberlake says he prefers to remember Pitino's speech to team . The Stomp remains a bitterly divisive play to this day . |
Who owns the largest share of the Vancouver Whitecaps FC? | Vancouver Whitecaps FC is owned by a group of four investors: Greg Kerfoot, Steve Luczo, Jeff Mallett, and Steve Nash. The group has a collective net worth over $2 billion. Kerfoot has been the majority owner of the Whitecaps since 2002, when he saved the club from contraction after previous owner David Stadnyk left the club, selling it to United Soccer Leagues. Mallett, a former chief operating officer (COO) of Yahoo!, who was raised in Victoria, British Columbia, and played for several collegiate soccer teams. He later purchased minority stakes in the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball and English soccer club Derby County F.C. Having first met at a charity soccer event in 2005, Mallett partnered with Steve Nash—a two-time National Basketball Association (NBA) Most Valuable Player who was also raised in Victoria—to put together a bid for a minority share of English soccer club Tottenham Hotspur F.C. in 2008. After that transaction fell through, the duo contacted Kerfoot about a minority stake in the club. Nash is the older brother of former Whitecaps midfielder Martin Nash. The fourth partner, Steve Luczo, is the president, chairman, and CEO of Seagate Technology and a partner in Boston Basketball Partners L.L.C., a group who own the NBA Boston Celtics. Luczo met Kerfoot while the two were both employed by Seagate Technology, and Kerfoot contacted Luczo proposing he become part of the club's MLS bid. In 2009, the group paid a $35 million expansion fee to MLS for the right to join the league. | Of the group of 4 investors, Greg Kerfoot is the majority owner the Vancouver Whitecaps FC investors group. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A young boy was in need of a fix that only his local pub could provide. Filmed at home in London, the 20-month-old boy named Max stands in front of his mother with tears streaming down his cheeks. He urges her and his father to take him to the local pub - where he usually receives sweets and hot chocolate - instead of the doctor's surgery. The youngster stands in front of his mother crying, clearly disappointed about having to see the doctor . After allowing him to catch his breath, his mother asks him to tell his father – who is presumably the recipient of the recording – why he is crying. Choosing to ignore her question, the youngster carries on snivelling, so his mother asks him: ‘Where do you want to go?’ The boy replies with the rather blunt and humorous answer, ‘Pub’, to which his mother retorts: ‘No, but we have to go to the doctors.’ Refusing to back down, Max continues to suggest the pair go the pub until his mother offers a compromise. When his mother asks Max where it is he wants to go he hilariously replies by saying 'pub' She says: ‘OK, you know what? When daddy gets home we will ask him. We will ask him if you can go to the pub later.’ Please with her response, although not entirely convinced, the youngster immediately reminds his mother to ask. According to Max’s father, Oliver Bath, he normally takes his son out of the house and down to the local pub to give Max's mum some peace and quiet. He said: ‘I always get a beer and Max always gets his hot chocolate. ‘True to the principles of Pavlov’s dog Max now associates sweets and hot chocolate with the pub. ‘My guess as he gets older he'll feel the same but his choice of chocolate will move to his choice of cask ale.’ | The 20-month-old named Max is relentless in his demands to visit the pub . His mother proposes that they go to the pub later in the day . Dad says that he associates the pub with sweets and hot chocolate . |
Who wrote the song Happy Birthday Darlin | "Happy Birthday Darlin'" is a song written by Chuck Howard, and recorded by American country music artist Conway Twitty. It was released in October 1979 as the third and final single from his album Cross Winds. The song was Twitty's 23rd number one on the country chart as solo artist. The single stayed at number one for three weeks and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart.
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The song begins with the spoken lyric "Hello, Darlin'," calling back to Twitty's 1970 hit of the same name that starts in the same way. The song otherwise tells a narrative through the eyes of a man who vows to right a number of wrongs in his relationship. Here, instead of giving his wife a present for her birthday, he vows to take some things away, such as suspicion, lonely moments, "so-so kisses" and doubt, replacing them with such things as faith and companionship. In the end, the man confidently says that his wife can tell friends, "He didn’t give me anything but he sure took a lot of things away." | Happy Birthday Darlin' is a song written by Chuck Howard, and recorded by American country music artist Conway Twitty. It was released in October 1979 as the third and final single from his album Cross Winds. The song was Twitty's 23rd number one on the country chart as solo artist. The single stayed at number one for three weeks and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart.
The song begins with the spoken lyric Hello, Darlin' calling back to Twitty's 1970 hit of the same name that starts in the same way. The song otherwise tells a narrative through the eyes of a man who vows to right a number of wrongs in his relationship. Here, instead of giving his wife a present for her birthday, he vows to take some things away, such as suspicion, lonely moments, "so-so kisses" and doubt, replacing them with such things as faith and companionship. In the end, the man confidently says that his wife can tell friends, "He didn’t give me anything but he sure took a lot of things away." |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Convicted Australian drug smugglers Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran may be joined on death row in the coming days by a female Filipino heroin courier. Mary Jane Fiesta Veloso, 30, was arrested at Yogyakarta Airport on April 25, 2010 for attempting to smuggle 2.6kg of heroin into the country, according to an Amnesty International report. She was sentenced to death by firing squad in October 2010 and has been imprisoned in Yogyakarta in the years since. Ms Veloso reportedly maintains she was unaware her suitcases she was paid to bring into the country contained heroin. Scroll down for video . Mary Jane Fiesta Vesolo was arrested at Yogyakarta Airport on April 25, 2010, for attempting to smuggle 2.6kg of heroin into the country. Ms Vesolo, who may joined Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran on death row, is pictured attending a case review at the . Indonesian armoured police vehicles are pictured transporting Australian death row prisoners Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumuran to the port where they later travelled to the prison island in Cilacap, Indonesia . Myuran Sukumuran is pictured disembarking a plane carrying him on the journey to the island where the former Bali Nine men were to be executed . Ms Veloso received harrowing news in January when Indonesian president Joko Widodo rejected her plea for clemency, according to Indonesian press reports. The nation's Attorney-General Muhammad Prasetyo has said preparations were complete for the executions of 10 death row detainees, including Ms Veloso and Chan and Sukumuran. 'Everything had to be organised first before transferring the prisoners because we do not want them to be in the isolation cells for too long [before their execution],' Prasetyo told reporters. Ms Veloso is the only woman among the list of detainees slated for execution, which includes the Australians and Nigerian national Raheem Agbaje Salami, 45. Indonesian police guard are pictured standing guard as vehicles containing the two prisoners are unloaded from a ferry . Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran are pictured alighting a plane at Cilacap . Vigils have been held across the Philippines and the country's government was engaged in a lobbying effort to have her case reviewed, Rappler.com reported. Chan and Sukumuran arrived at Nusakambangan, where the executions will take place, on Wednesday afternoon. Ms Veloso appeared at an Indonesian case review hearing on Tuesday, according to the Jakarta Post. There, her lawyers reportedly argued she had not been able to understand the trial that led to her execution because of incompetent translation. A photograph of Ms Veloso at court published by the Jakarta Post on Wednesday featured the caption: 'No mercy'. By Australian Associated Press . * Mary Jane Fiesta Veloso (Philippines) * Serge Areski Atlaoui (France) * Martin Anderson alias Belo (Ghana) * Raheem Agbaje Salami (Nigeria) * Rodrigo Gularte (Brazil) * Myuran Sukumaran (Australia) * Andrew Chan (Australia) * Zainal Abidin (Indonesia) * Silvester Obikwe (Nigeria) | Mary Jane Fiesta Veloso may join Bali Nine drug kingpins on death row . She was sentenced to death by firing squad in October 2010 . The 30-year-old Filipino has been imprisoned in Yogyakarta in years since . Ms Veloso claims she was unaware her suitcase contained heroinin . She is the only woman on a list of detainees slated for execution . |
Summarize this paragraph about Candie Carawan's Highlander Center activism. | At one point during her career in activism, after two weeks of sit-ins she was arrested and put into jail. While in jail, the guards separated the white women from the black women. "The only connection we had with the others was the music". However, with these sit-ins, she helped contribute to the abolishing of lunch-counter segregation in Nashville. Candie notes how she was "naive" saying "I was sure we would have just a few sit-ins, point out to the nation that there was something wrong, and the world would change." In 1966, the SNCC voted to remove whites from their membership. Candie says SNCC should get more credit for reducing the fear in Mississippi and prompting many people to join the movement. | Candie was an activist who helped contribute to the abolishment of lunch counter segregation in Nashville by participating in sit-ins. She notes that she was naive and thought a few sit-ins would bring awareness and cause the world to change. She was arrested after two weeks of participation in these sit-ins. The SNCC voted to remove whites from their membership in 1966, and Candie believes they should receive more credit for reducing fear in Mississippi and prompting many people to join the movement. |
Who were the Pilgrims and what holiday is typically associated with them? | The Pilgrims is the name for the early settlers of the Plymouth Colony, which is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. In 1620 they traveled to New England on a ship called the Mayflower. There were 102 passengers on the ship. They were English Puritans who had left England years earlier to live in Leiden because of religious differences with the Church of England. Unlike other Puritans who wanted to reform the Church of England, they wanted to separate from it, so they were called Separatists. The original settlers of Plymouth Colony are known as the Pilgrim Fathers, or simply as the Pilgrims.
When they arrived in America, they built homes and farms. They received help from the Wampanoag people. The Wampanoag people taught the Pilgrims how to plant corn, hunt, and fish in the new land. They had a big feast for 3 days, which was the first thanksgiving. | Pilgrims are considered to be the early settlers on Plymouth Colony in modern day Plymouth, Massachusetts. They travelled in 1620 on a ship known as the Mayflower from England. They were puritans who left England due to religious difference with the Church of England. When they arrived in America, they were assisted by the local Native American Wampanoag people. They taught the pilgrims how to hunt, fish and grow corn on their settlements. This led to a celebration for 3 days which are the origins of the modern day Thanksgiving feast. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Washington (CNN)No deal is better than a bad deal, say critics of President Barack Obama's nuclear talks with Iran. But what if Republican and Democratic opponents succeed in their intensifying effort to derail the diplomacy? The price of failure could be an ugly blame game and cascade of political reprisals leading to nuclear chicken between Iran and the West -- potentially leading to war. "We would have to deal with a resumption of Iran's nuclear activities, which we don't want to see take place. Iran would have to deal with the resumption of sanctions, which they don't want," said Gary Samore, a top nonproliferation official during Obama's first term. For now, the grave consequences of a breakdown in talks are one reason the United States and Iran are still at the table, as a grueling diplomatic process reaches critical deadlines and painful political decisions beckon. Iran deal: A treaty or not a treaty, that is the question . Secretary of State John Kerry and Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif are haggling over the remaining issues in Lausanne, Switzerland, ahead of an end-of-the-month deadline for a framework agreement, which then must be finalized by July 1. But time may be running out for a deal in which six world powers would lift sanctions that have throttled Iran's economy in return for assurances that Tehran will continue to stay a year or so away from developing a nuclear bomb. The White House puts the chances of a deal at only 50-50: Disputes still rage over the scale of nuclear infrastructure Iran will be allowed to keep, the pace of sanctions relief and the extent of nuclear site inspections. Despite the controversy stoked last week in Washington when 47 GOP senators sent a letter to Iran's leaders warning that the future of a deal was not guaranteed, many analysts believe that the talks will go on, even if the end-of-March deadline slips. "Not because all sides are desperate to keep talking. But I think sufficient momentum has been created in the last month or so that they see real possibilities," said Robert Einhorn, a former senior U.S. State Department arms control official. Obama may now have slightly more political leeway on the talks than before -- ironically because of attempts by U.S. and Israeli critics to pen him in. A few weeks ago, skeptical Democrats appeared to be lining up with Republicans and approaching a veto-proof Senate majority that could have forced Obama to submit a deal to Congress or accept the passage of new sanctions. Either move could have killed the agreement. But the Republicans' letter and a fiercely critical speech to Congress by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on the proposed deal prompted some skeptical Democrats to close ranks, at least temporarily. But Senate Republican Majority Leader Mitch McConnell told CNN's Dana Bash on "State of the Union" that Obama was on the cusp of agreeing a "very bad" deal that would allow Iran to keep its nuclear infrastructure intact. He said that if an agreement is reached, he would bring up legislation that would give Congress 60 days to back or reject a deal, despite fresh pleas from the White House for the GOP to hold off. If no deal is reached, McConnell said on Sunday that he would press ahead with toughening sanctions on Iran, he said. Republican sources, meanwhile, said that despite the furor over the letter from the senators, no Democrats had yet formally pulled support for legislation requiring the Senate to have a say on the deal. That leaves the real possibility of a pitched political showdown on Iran in the coming months. The opening for diplomacy is meanwhile not endless. And if no deal emerges by July, political pressure for a tougher administration stance towards Iran may be unstoppable. If diplomacy fails, how events unfold will be dictated by how the process collapses; who gets the blame; and the political pressures exerted on Obama and Iranian President Hassan Rouhani in Washington and Tehran. "If, at the end of June, there is not a deal, and talks have broken off, I think that it is inevitable that the Congress will adopt new sanctions legislation," said Einhorn, now with the Brookings Institution. "What that will mean is the Iranians will reciprocate." Iran could start up centrifuges halted during the nuclear negotiations, bring more advanced machinery online and enrich uranium to the potent 20% level that would get it closer to a weapon. And if it bars international inspectors, the world would have no idea how far Iran is from making a bomb. What's in the Iran nuclear deal . The administration thinks that if the United States gets the blame for using hardball tactics that derail talks -- if, say, Congress imposes more sanctions, as administration critics want -- there is no way its international partners would keep existing sanctions in place, let alone double down and impose new ones. In addition to unilateral U.S. sanctions Congress has imposed, the United Nations, European Union and other countries have put in place their own sanctions cutting off Iran from international partners and not just the American economy. Cornelius Adebahr, a European security specialist at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, predicted Iran would reap a propaganda victory. "It would give ammunition for Iran to say the U.S. is not reliable," he said. Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Jim Walsh, a specialist on the talks, said the Iranian government would have little choice but to hit back at a tougher U.S. stance. "The Iranians are just not going to take it. They are going to feel condemned to respond. Both sides will take their shovels and dig the holes deeper." Walsh continued, "We would be between a lame duck (U.S.) president for whom negotiations had just failed, a weakened Rouhani, for whom negotiations have just failed, and a coming U.S. presidential election -- not exactly the best environment to return to talks and accomplish a diplomatic settlement." Aborted negotiations that leave Iran rededicated to its nuclear program raise the specter of Tehran with a bomb -- or some enemy country taking military action to stop it. Did 47 Republican senators break the law in plain sight? But critics of the deal being worked out in Switzerland don't agree that such an outcome is the likeliest scenario. GOP hawks and Israel believe Tehran is so desperate for sanctions relief, especially at a time of low oil prices, that it will have no choice but to offer a better deal than the one currently on the table and agree to the complete halt to uranium enrichment that Israel and conservatives demand. "If Iran threatens to walk away from the table -- and this often happens in a Persian bazaar -- call their bluff. They'll be back, because they need the deal a lot more than you do," Netanyahu maintained in his Congress speech. Former Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney made the case in a USA Today op-ed Friday that Obama should "walk away from a flimsy nuclear agreement." Those opposed to the deal reject the administration that follow their advice would likely blow up the talks and set Washington on an inevitable path to war as the only remaining way to disable Iran's nuclear infrastructure. Instead, GOP congressmen counter that several bills they are pushing, with significant Democratic support, do not forestall the possibility of continued diplomacy if talks fail. They say that extra sanctions would increase Obama's leverage in diplomacy, not weaken it. Even if talks do succeed this year, the long-term future of an agreement still wouldn't be assured. The diplomatic effort has powerful critics among hardliners in Tehran who, whatever's written on paper, could push to illicitly expand Iran's nuclear program and close in on a bomb. It's not just Republicans who fear Tehran may violate any deal or test the limits of compliance. Some people who back the talks admit that may be the case, too. In Washington, Congress will be required to lift the existing sanctions on Iran to sustain the agreement in years to come -- a step that is hardly a given. And the stiff Republican opposition means a deal is not assured of surviving the arrival of a new president in the White House come 2017. A future Republican president could reverse Obama's sanctions waivers fairly quickly, as the senators warned in their letter to Iran. Whether the new president would want to do so is another matter, however, especially if Iran lives up to the terms of a deal, which would include stringent verification by international inspectors. He or she would risk a heavy political price. A unilateral Washington pullout would likely infuriate U.S. partners and leave the rookie president facing a boiling crisis that could overwhelm the new administration's nascent foreign policy. "That's what the administration is counting on -- if there is compliance and the deal is working well," said Einhorn. Kerry reminded Congress this week that Britain, France, Germany, China and Russia would all be cosignatories of a deal. "If all those countries have said this is good and it's working, (will a new president) just turn around and nullify it on behalf of the United States?" he asked. "That's not going to happen." Congress would face the same cost-benefit calculation when it comes to the sanctions only lawmakers can expunge. In the event of a Democratic White House victory in 2016, the congressional math could also change in favor of a deal. And if Republicans keep their majorities, lawmakers who are bent on thwarting Obama may be less willing to handcuff a new GOP president. | Iran negotiations have large diplomatic and political implications . Outcome could affect next president . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Half of the Barclays Premier League are yet to hit the fabled 40 points needed to renew membership for next season. But only once in the past decade — Wolves in 2011 — has a team required that total to avoid the drop. Rather, Sportsmail has calculated that the magic number is just 36. Since the turn of the millennium and the establishment of a hierarchy within the top flight — meaning more points are distributed higher up the table — the average of the club finishing third from bottom has been a shade above 35. Struggling duo QPR and Leicester look destined to be heading for the Championship at the end of the season . The current bottom six of the Premier League . That being the case, you can assume that every team upwards of 13th-placed West Brom, on 33 points, will be feeding off the Premier League cash cow come August. Indeed, this weekend saw the bottom six all lose and a points-per-game projection would have all of them finishing the campaign on fewer than 36. But with Leicester and QPR looking increasingly doomed, it is Aston Villa, Hull, Sunderland and Burnley battling to avoid that final spot. Hull City (Odds on being relegated: 5/2) Run-in: Swansea (a), Southampton (a), Liverpool (h), Crystal Palace (a), Arsenal (h), Burnley (h), Tottenham (a), Man Utd (h). Without back-to-back wins over QPR and Aston Villa — inspired by deadline-day arrival Dame N’Doye — Hull would be odds-on for the drop. Just look at their daunting run-in. Remember Norwich City 12 months ago? At this juncture they were 13th and seven points clear of the bottom three. But one point from their final seven matches — which included games against the top four — saw them demoted to the Championship. Steve Bruce’s side finish with a trip to Spurs and the visit of Manchester United and they’ll want to be clear of trouble come the final fortnight. Verdict: They might scramble to about 34 points, and that should be enough, just. Tom Huddlestone (right) will be hoping his side can climb the table during the final batch of league fixtures . Aston Villa (Odds on being relegated: 7/2) Run-in: Man Utd (a), QPR (h), Tottenham (a), Man City (a), Everton (h), West Ham (h), Southampton (a), Burnley (h). If the bounce factor of Tim Sherwood’s arrival falls flat, a deflated Villa could soon be sucked back into serious trouble. Three of the next four are at Old Trafford, White Hart Lane and the Etihad and that, you would think, will throw up zero points. There is also the complicating factor of an FA Cup semi-final. Verdict: Home games against QPR, West Ham and Burnley will decide their fate — if they take six points from these and a draw elsewhere, then they should be fine. Aston Villa striker Christian Benteke has scored six goals for the Midlands outfit so far this season . Sunderland (Odds on being relegated: 5/4) Run-in: Newcastle (h), Crystal Palace (h), Stoke (a), Southampton (h), Everton (a), Leicester (h), Arsenal (a), Chelsea (a). Sunderland were better during Dick Advocaat’s first game in charge at West Ham. However, it still ended in defeat. And given that they see out the campaign with trips to Arsenal and Chelsea, the Dutch boss probably has six games to save the season and preserve his record of never having been relegated. Supposed January saviour Jermain Defoe is misfiring and the Black Cats have scored just once in 11 hours. Verdict: The club should have realised that they were heading for a relegation battle far sooner. Fail to win the Tyne-Wear derby on Easter Sunday and they could be set on a downward spiral which will surely end in the Championship. Sunderland signed Jermain Defoe in hope that he can score the goals to fire the Black Cats to safety . Burnley (Odds on being relegated: 10/11) Run-in: Tottenham (h), Arsenal (h), Everton (a), Leicester (h), West Ham (a), Hull (a), Stoke (h), Aston Villa (a) A recent victory over Manchester City and a draw at Chelsea shows that Sean Dyche’s men show little regard for reputations and that spirit will serve them well as the stakes increase during the closing weeks. Crucially, they play three of their relegation rivals and, to that end, their fate remains in their own hands. Verdict: If Burnley can take eight points from eight games then it could well prove enough and Dyche would be shortlisted for Manager of the Year recognition. Burnley striker Danny Ings is attracting interest from some of the Premier League's big boys . SPORTSMAIL PREDICTION... 15th — Aston Villa (35 pts) 16th — Hull City (34 pts) 17th — Burnley (33 pts) 18th — Sunderland (32 pts) | Leicester and Queens Park Rangers look destined to be relegated . Burnley currently occupy 18th spot with 25 points from 30 matches . Dick Advocaat's Sunderland are above the relegation zone with 26 points . Aston Villa and Hull have both ascertained 28 points from 30 games . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Writer and broadcaster Archie Macpherson says farewell to Dave Mackay on the day football’s legends joined the Tynecastle faithful in paying their respects to the former Hearts, Tottenham and Derby County superstar. History is suffused with irony. It will be noted by posterity that on a day when jubilation should have been coursing through the veins of every lover of Tynecastle, they were in fact muting the trumpets and draping the halls with black rather than maroon. They came to honour a man who hadn’t lived long enough to savour the triumphant emergence of his beloved club from near destitution. Crowds clap whilst the Hearse carrying the coffin of Dave Mackay leaves Tyncastle Stadium for his funeral . But the claiming of their new divisional title will now be a permanent reminder of the resilience that Dave Mackay bequeathed his club when he strode the turf with a broad-chested imperiousness that was the formidable bridgehead for Hearts’ triumphs in the 1950s. As they laid him to rest on Tuesday you couldn’t help but think that nature had played a cruel trick in ending his life only several weeks before the confirmation of the end of the struggle for credibility and self-esteem that his first club had been engaged in for so long. Mackay must, though, have had an inkling of the course of events which was leading inevitably to that apotheosis. The crowds who thronged the streets as the cortege made its way from Tynecastle itself for a remembrance service at Mansfield Traquair, and who threw their scarves at the procession as if to add sustenance to his last journey, must have believed that even in the later stages of his life he will have been mentally kicking every ball for his former club such was his lasting affection for the Gorgie Road. The hearse carrying Mackay's coffin was complete with flowers and a football to mark his passing . I was a student when I first saw the triumphant Hearts side of 1957-8 which he captained, when they not only won the title but created a British goal-scoring record of 132 scored and only 29 against. I don’t know particularly why but I do instantly recall a game they played against Clyde at the old Shawfield where you could be very close to the pitch and, to this day, I will always associate Mackay with ‘glaur.’ For there he was yomping his way through the mud like a primeval predator whilst, through his prompting, Hearts were playing the kind of slick football that as Glasgow boy I thought was simply the preserve of the Old Firm. And I cannot eliminate the image of his sliding into a tackle that took both Mackay and the Clyde man off the pitch and almost into the dog-track fence which surrounded the playing area. He wasn’t censured because the ball was what he was after and got. Nor was he ever sent off in any game he ever played in from schools football through to the highest senior level, although his reputation for toughness did frankly make some opponents quiver when they saw his name posted on the team-sheet, as Sir Alex Ferguson alluded to, in paying his respects on Tuesday. The cortege leaves Hearts' stadium as the city were given the opportunity to pay their final respects . ‘I was playing for Queens Park reserves against Hearts reserves at Tynecastle and the great Mackay was playing because he was coming back from a broken toe,’ said Sir Alex. ‘ He tackled me and I thought: “Christ!” but in those days you had to get up no matter what. So I got up and had a look at that big, barrel chest of his and he just said: “Are you all right, son?” That was a great memory- the only time I played against Dave Mackay- and I’ll never forget it.’ Nor, when he had gone south to English football, will any of us ever forget the iconic photograph of Mackay lifting Billy Bremner off his feet with a clenched fist, like a boy he had caught picking his pocket. We look at it now with affection. I never saw malice in it. Mackay hated the image, as he thought it showed him as a bully. To me, it was like portraying rough-and-ready fatherly instinct. His game never changed with Spurs when, with the likes of the great ‘White Ghost’ John White and Alan Gilzean, he helped establish a regime at White Hart Lane with a proud Scottish accent which made that ground a fortress and a team feared throughout Europe. In that setting it was no surprise that they won the ‘Double’ in 1960-61, the FA cup in succeeding years and the European Cup Winners’ Cup in 1963. They loved his commitment, his ability to help pull his team back from occasional adversity. The order of service for Mackay's funeral . That is why so many notables from the English game travelled to Edinburgh yesterday to pay tribute alongside the Hearts faithful. His Spurs former colleagues were there. Pat Jennings, Terry Medwin, Steve Perryman, Gilzean, Mike England, Clive Allen and Cliff Jones, who told the congregation: ‘Whenever I hear the bagpipes playing *Flower of Scotland* I think of Dave - a proud Scotsman who never forgot his roots.’ Gilzean added: ‘The legacy he leaves is unbelievable for three clubs - Hearts, Tottenham and Derby County. He was a fantastic, inspirational guy. No mountain was too high for Dave to climb.’ Tuesday’s cross-border representation reflected the fact that they recognised him as one of the best-ever Scottish exports to the English game. For some reason we did not see the best of him in a Scottish jersey and he did not talk much about being in the side which was devastated 9-3 by England at Wembley in 1961. Within Sir Alex’s comments, though, there was also an element of regret about Mackay’s record in the sense that he was under-appreciated in certain quarters, pointing to the paucity of caps he earned. ‘Only 22 caps for a player as good as that?’ he lamented. ‘Scotland was picked by a committee with its head in the sand. If Matt Busby had been manager, he’d have 50 odd caps. ‘Everyone talks about his courage and his bravery, but he was a fantastic footballer. He was skilful, he could play anywhere and he proved that. I think we’ve seen the passing of a great legend.’ From the master there can be no more fitting epitaph. | Dave Mackay's funeral was held in Edinburgh on Tuesday . Former Tottenham and Hearts midfielder died earlier this month aged 80 . Sir Alex Ferguson questioned why Mackay only managed to earn 22 caps for Scotland . |
From the passage provided, extract the name of the person that made some fountains in the garden, and how many. Your answer shall be of the format "{name} built {number of fountains} fountains." | The chateau has four wings and is surrounded by arcades lining the courtyard. The yard is accessible from the entrance gate and leads to the Italian symmetrical garden. There are also four fountains in the garden by stonemason Jakub Mitthofer. | Jakub Mitthofer built four fountains. |
Is Singapore a good place to develop wealth? | Economy
Main article: Economy of Singapore
Singapore Airlines celebrated the nation's Golden Jubilee with a flag livery on its Airbus A380
Singapore Airlines, the country's flag carrier, celebrated the nation's 2015 Golden Jubilee with a flag livery on its Airbus A380.
Singapore has a highly developed market economy, based historically on extended entrepôt trade. Along with Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan, Singapore is one of the Four Asian Tigers, and has surpassed its peers in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Between 1965 and 1995, growth rates averaged around 6 per cent per annum, transforming the living standards of the population.
The Singaporean economy is regarded as free, innovative, dynamic and business-friendly. For several years, Singapore has been one of the few countries with an AAA credit rating from the big three, and the only Asian country to achieve this rating. Singapore attracts a large amount of foreign investment as a result of its location, skilled workforce, low tax rates, advanced infrastructure and zero-tolerance against corruption. It is the world's most competitive economy in 2019, according to the World Economic Forum's ranking of 141 countries, with the 2nd highest GDP per capita. Roughly 44 percent of the Singaporean workforce is made up of non-Singaporeans. Despite market freedom, Singapore's government operations have a significant stake in the economy, contributing 22% of the GDP. The city is a popular location for conferences and events.
The currency of Singapore is the Singapore dollar (SGD or S$), issued by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). It has been interchangeable with the Brunei dollar at par value since 1967. MAS manages its monetary policy by allowing the Singapore dollar exchange rate to rise or fall within an undisclosed trading band. This is different from most central banks, which use interest rates to manage policy. Singapore has the world's eleventh largest foreign reserves, and one of the highest net international investment position per capita.
Singapore has been identified as a tax haven for the wealthy due to its low tax rates on personal income and tax exemptions on foreign-based income and capital gains. Individuals such as Australian millionaire retailer Brett Blundy and multi-billionaire Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverin are two examples of wealthy individuals who have settled in Singapore. In 2009, Singapore was removed from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) "liste grise" of tax havens, and ranked fourth on the Tax Justice Network's 2015 Financial Secrecy Index of the world's off-shore financial service providers, banking one-eighth of the world's offshore capital, while "providing numerous tax avoidance and evasion opportunities". In August 2016, The Straits Times reported that Indonesia had decided to create tax havens on two islands near Singapore to bring Indonesian capital back into the tax base. In October 2016, the Monetary Authority of Singapore admonished and fined UBS and DBS and withdrew Falcon Private Bank's banking licence for their alleged role in the Malaysian Sovereign Fund scandal.
Panoramic view of the Central Business District
Singapore has the world's highest percentage of millionaires, with one out of every six households having at least one million US dollars in disposable wealth. This excludes property, businesses, and luxury goods, which if included would increase the number of millionaires, especially as property in Singapore is among the world's most expensive. In 2016, Singapore was rated the world's most expensive city for the third consecutive year by the Economist Intelligence Unit, and this remained true in 2018. The government provides numerous assistance programmes to the homeless and needy through the Ministry of Social and Family Development, so acute poverty is rare. Some of the programmes include providing between S$400 and S$1000 of financial assistance per month to needy households, providing free medical care at government hospitals, and paying for children's tuition. Other benefits include compensation for gym fees to encourage citizens to exercise, up to S$166,000 as a baby bonus for each citizen, heavily subsidised healthcare, financial aid for the disabled, the provision of reduced-cost laptops for poor students, rebates for costs such as public transport and utility bills, and more. As of 2018 Singapore's ranking in the Human Development Index is 9th in the world, with an HDI value of 0.935. | Singapore economy is regarded as free, innovative, dynamic and business-friendly. Singapore has the world's highest percentage of millionaires, with one out of every six households having at least one million US dollars in disposable wealth. |
Given a reference text about the Battle of Thermopylae, tell me when the battle was fought, who the battle was between, how many Greek and Persian forces there were, how the Persian army was able to flank the Greek forces and who won the battle? | The Battle of Thermopylae (/θərˈmɒpɪliː/ thər-MOP-i-lee; Greek: Μάχη τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν, Máchē tōn Thermopylōn) was fought in 480 BC between the Achaemenid Persian Empire under Xerxes I and an alliance of Greek city-states led by Sparta under Leonidas I. Lasting over the course of three days, it was one of the most prominent battles of both the second Persian invasion of Greece and the wider Greco-Persian Wars.
The engagement at Thermopylae occurred simultaneously with the Battle of Artemisium: between July and September 480 BC. The second Persian invasion under Xerxes I was a delayed response to the failure of the first Persian invasion, which had been initiated by Darius I and ended in 490 BC by an Athenian-led Greek victory at the Battle of Marathon. By 480 BC, a decade after the Persian defeat at Marathon, Xerxes had amassed a massive land and naval force, and subsequently set out to conquer all of Greece. In response, the Athenian politician and general Themistocles proposed that the allied Greeks block the advance of the Persian army at the pass of Thermopylae while simultaneously blocking the Persian navy at the Straits of Artemisium.
Around the start of the invasion, a Greek force of approximately 7,000 men led by Leonidas marched north to block the pass of Thermopylae. Ancient authors vastly inflated the size of the Persian army, with estimates in the millions, but modern scholars estimate it at between 120,000 and 300,000 soldiers. They arrived at Thermopylae by late August or early September; the outnumbered Greeks held them off for seven days (including three of direct battle) before their rear-guard was annihilated in one of history's most famous last stands. During two full days of battle, the Greeks blocked the only road by which the massive Persian army could traverse the narrow pass. After the second day, a local resident named Ephialtes revealed to the Persians the existence of a path leading behind the Greek lines. Subsequently, Leonidas, aware that his force was being outflanked by the Persians, dismissed the bulk of the Greek army and remained to guard their retreat along with 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians. It has been reported that others also remained, including up to 900 helots and 400 Thebans. With the exception of the Thebans, most of whom reportedly surrendered, the Greeks fought the Persians to the death.
Themistocles was in command of the Greek naval force at Artemisium when he received news that the Persians had taken the pass at Thermopylae. Since the Greek defensive strategy had required both Thermopylae and Artemisium to be held, the decision was made to withdraw to the island of Salamis. The Persians overran Boeotia and then captured the evacuated city of Athens. The Greek fleet—seeking a decisive victory over the Persian armada—attacked and defeated the invading force at the Battle of Salamis in late 480 BC. Wary of being trapped in Europe, Xerxes withdrew with much of his army to Asia, reportedly losing many of his troops to starvation and disease while also leaving behind the Persian military commander Mardonius to continue the Achaemenid Empire's Greek campaign. However, the following year saw a Greek army decisively defeat Mardonius and his troops at the Battle of Plataea, ending the second Persian invasion.
Both ancient and modern writers have used the Battle of Thermopylae as a flagship example of the power of an army defending its native soil. The performance of the Greek defenders is also used as an example of the advantages of training, equipment, and use of terrain as force multipliers. | The Battle of Thermopylae was fought in 480 BC. The battle was fought between the Persian Empire, led by Xerxes I, and a combination of allied Greek city-states led by Leonidas I of Sparta. There were approximately 7,000 Greek men led by Leonidas I and an estimated 120,000 - 300,000 Persian soldiers led by Xerxes I. The Persian army was able to outflank the Greek army because a local person named Ephialtes informed the Persians that there was an unguarded path that lead behind the Greek lines. The Greek army made one final stand but ultimately were unsuccessful and were over taken by the Persian army. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Gareth Bale hit the post with an effort from around 50 yards out during Real Madrid's 1-0 defeat by Athletic Bilbao on Saturday evening but the question is: Did he mean it? With the Spanish giants trailing 1-0 at San Mames, the Welshman produced what looked like an audacious repeat of David Beckham's famous lob for Manchester United against Wimbledon back in 1996. The ball flew through the air and caught Bilbao goalkeeper Gorka Iraizoz completely off guard before dipping and smacking the post; much to the disappointment of Javier Hernandez who raised his arms to celebrate before being beaten to the rebound by a defender. Gareth Bale hits the ball goalwards from around 50 yards out during Real Madrid's defeat to Athletic Bilbao . Bale's strike hits the post after catching Athletic Bilbao goalkeeper Gorka Iraizoz completely off guard . Javier Hernandez (right) puts his arms in the air to celebrate having thought Bale's effort had found the net . Much debate arose on social media over whether Real Madrid's wing wizard had meant to shoot or cross . Bale shoots at goal during a disappointing day for Carlo Ancelotti's side who may have surrended top spot . The shot soon caused debate among fans on social media with some reckoning the kick was a cross which went horribly awry rather than a direct effort at goal. Whether Bale meant it or not, had the ball sailed in it would surely have been up there with some of the wideman's finest strikes. Beckham's successful attempt from such a distance is one of the finest, most memorable goals of the Premier League era. Aged just 21, Beckham received the ball in his own half and spotted Wimbledon goalkeeper Neil Sullivan off his line before producing a stunning strike from the halfway line which flew perfectly into the back of the net. Meanwhile, defeat for Carlo Ancelotti's side on Saturday means Barcelona can leapfrog Los Blancos at the top of the La Liga table with a win over Rayo Vallecano on Sunday. David Beckham scored from the halfway line for Manchester United against Wimbledon back in 1996 . Wimbledon goalkeeper Neil Sullivan was caught off guard and watches on as the ball sails into the net . Beckham celebrates after scoring one of the most memorable strikes of the Premier League era . | Gareth Bale struck the post with audacious effort from 50 yards out . Debate arose on social media over whether the winger was meant to shoot . Effort resembled David Beckham's strike against Wimbledon in 1996 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A children's spider-man fancy dress outfit has been recalled by Asda due to safety fears after a parent complained the battery pack blew up and flew across his living room. The £12.50 light-up costume has been taken off shelves across the country after an investigation by the supermarket chain discovered a fault with the battery. The investigation was sparked after a complaint from Steve Slaughter, who bought the outfit for his son Stephen to wear on World Book Day. Steve Slaughter, who bought the outfit for his four-year-old son Stephen to wear on World Book Day. Pictured Steve Slaughter with son Stephen, wife Gillian and daughter Eva . Mr Slaughter, from Middlesbrough, complained to Asda earlier this month after the detachable chest piece - containing a battery pack - appeared to blow up and flew across the living room. Fortunately it was not being worn at the time by four-year-old Stephen. 'I'm not a scientist and I don't know much about batteries but this thing is potentially lethal,' the 57-year-old reportedly told the Middlesbrough Evening Gazette. 'The box literally flew across the floor with a huge force and landed at my feet. 'When I looked to see what happened I found the bottom part of the batteries had been blown away.' A spokeswoman for Asda said: 'Asda George has issued a recall of its Spider-man light-up dress-up costume. 'The wrong batteries have been included inside the costume's removable light-up unit resulting in a potential safety issue. The £12.50 Spiderman costume that has been recalled by Asda due to safety concerns . Asda said that the 'wrong batteries' had been included with the light-up fancy dress costume resulting in a 'potential safety issue' 'The care and safety of our customers is our number one priority, which is why we have taken the precautionary decision to recall the product based on the outcome of our investigation.' Customers who have already purchased the costume have been advised to return it and claim a full refund. | Asda recalls £12.50 Spider-Man fancy dress outfit due to safety fears . Supermarket investigation discovers fault with the costumes battery pack . Comes after a complaint from Steve Slaughter complained to store . The battery pack on his four-year-old son's outfit appeared to blow-up . Customers who bought the costume are being advised to return it . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Victoria Beckham has certainly undergone an image change in the past few years but photographs of her latest collection will have fans wondering if she's taken her darker new look too far. In new pictures of her Victoria, Victoria Beckham autumn/winter 2015 collection, a model poses in a bare room lying prone on the floor with her eyes closed, while in another she lies as though unconscious on a chair with her head falling back behind her. The shots hark back to the controversial 'heroin chic' look of the early Nineties that launched Kate Moss. Scroll down for video . In one picture from Victoria, Victoria Beckham's new AW15 images, one model seems to play dead . In another picture she lies stretched out uncomfortably on a waiting room-style chair as though unconscious . This may be a yoga pose but there's nothing fluid about this posture in a drab claustrophobic room by a handful of tulips dangling from the letter box and in front of an old fashioned television . The label describes the sister collection as: 'Free spirited and fun - key features are made of classic fabrics such as ginghams, tweeds and leathers, which are twisted and played with to create new and modern statements.' Yet the pictures by top photographer Colin Dodgson look almost eerie, as a glum pale-faced beauty adopts a series of awkward poses in the beige, magnolia and pea soup-green room. In a number of pictures the model stretches out on the floor, with her eyes closed, her feet splayed out as though she's pretending to be unconscious. In one shot, in which she wears a lilac leather mini dress, she performs an uncomfortable-looking yogic backward bend in front of an old television with yellow tulips - said to represent cheerfulness - dangling out of the letter box. Another pose - again in front of the door - sees her adopting a listless forward slump. The label describes the AW15 Victoria, Victoria Beckham line - aimed at younger customers than the mother-of-four's main label - as 'statement dressing made easy'. Victoria Beckham earned rave reviews with her AW15 show in New York this season . Victoria Beckham pleated stretch-jersey skirt . Get it at Net-a-Porter here . Visit site . Queen Victoria Beckham is the ruler of the runway nowadays. The singer-turned-fashion extraordinaire has been perfecting her craft over the last few seasons and her latest collection only cemented her credentials further. Whilst her runway often features daring cuts and pops of bright color, like most in the fash pack, Victoria has a penchant for a darker palette when it comes to her personal style. Here we have the woman herself showing us why top-to-toe black will always be the sleekest of looks as she steps out onto the catwalk following her fall 2012 show. We love the simplicity of this look, the soft knit teamed with the sleek pleated midi skirt. Folded at the waist to create a delicate A-line shape, this skirt is a beautiful piece and the good news is that it's still available to buy at Net A Porter (right). Or anchor all your most stylish smart looks for less with our essential buys below. Missguided full pleated midi skirt . Visit site . Icebreaker Villa skirt at Zappos . Visit site . Halogen pleated skirt at Nordstrom (now $47.40) Visit site . Vince Camuto skirt at Nordstrom . Visit site . In one picture shot by top photographer Colin Dodgson, the model - wearing odd shoes - is confronted with a bunch of tulips being stuffed through the letter box of the pea soup-coloured door . She strikes a pose surrouned by old electrics and an industrial old fashioned white radiator . 'Attitude is applied, stripped down and made sophisticated - creating a wearable collection that continues to evolve with its customer.' Victoria, 40, has been moving in a more serious direction since becoming a designer, adopting darker clothes and swapping her tight outfits and heels for dark midi-skirts and flats. But the pictures showing off the clothes, which sees prices range from £225 to £1,250, seem to be her oddest style statement yet. The company describes the AW15 Victoria, Victoria Beckham collection as embodying the 'independent spirit of the VVB girl. This individual attitude imbues a broad range of dresses and an increased offer of separates.' The model throws her head back in this strange pose to show off a blue leopard print tunic dress . Looking listless and weak, the model lies prone on the carpet, just resting an outstretched arm on the wall . Focusing on dresses, the line includes wrap skirts, crop knits, skinny stretch trousers and voluminous peplum tops. 'Fabrics are played with and re-interpreted in the inimitable VVB style - leopard print is applied to heavy crepes and blistered silks, checks are applied to angora and bonded with neoprene, gingham is weaved in to a cloque and crystal embroidery is individually shattered and then held together in delicate metallic cases,' the label says. 'Colours are vibrant and strong - shocking pink, electric blue and blood red are set against monochrome black and white - all adding to the strong yet still feminine silhouettes.' California-born Dodgson, is described as capturing 'the vitality of youth and fashion with disarming frankness' on his website. Which adds: 'His rendering of color and shrewd approach to urban, often minimal environments, produces surprising photographs of casual sophistication and sly humor.' The Victoria Beckham label told MailOnline: 'For the past four seasons we have invited a photographer to interpret the Victoria Victoria Beckham collection according to their own creative vision. 'This season we worked with Colin Dodgson, who is known for his idiosyncratic style of photography, to shoot the AW15 collection within this series.' Hiding behind a wall, her claret-coloured foil dress coordinates with the deep red tulips thrust through the door . | Victoria Beckham releases startling new pictures of her sister line . Images include a glum-looking model adopting bizarre poses . Campaign images shot by Colin Dodgson in drab, sparsely furnished room . Prices for line described as 'free spirited and fun' range from £235 to £1,250 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Things have been messy between singer Chris Brown and his now ex-girlfriend Karrueche Tran, and it looks to be about to get messier. Oprah Winfrey's network, OWN, posted a teaser Tuesday for Tran's interview with Iyanla Vanzant. The inspirational speaker and host of "Iyanla: Fix My Life" fires off at Tran: "He betrayed you. He lied to you. He did it all publicly," before asking, "How did you find out that he had a baby by another woman?" Brown has been the subject of rumors that he fathered a daughter with another woman while in a relationship with Tran. He has neither confirmed nor denied the stories, but the story heated up when Tran tweeted on March 4, "Listen. One can only take so much. The best of luck to Chris and his family. No baby drama for me." The tweet was later deleted. Brown and Tran have had an on-again, off-again relationship for years. In 2012, Brown posted a video on Twitter questioning whether it was possible to be in love with two people. At the time, the singer had broken up with Tran after once again growing close to singer Rihanna, whom he assaulted while they were dating in 2009. "I love Karrueche very much but I don't want to see her hurt over my friendship with Rihanna," Brown said in the video. "I'd rather be single allowing us to both be happy in our lives." Brown and Rihanna eventually reunited but then broke up again, and he and Tran, who bills herself as a model and entrepreneur, resumed seeing each other. On Wednesday, Brown commented from his Instagram account on a racy photo Tran posted of herself in a swimsuit while on vacation. The singer advised her to "Continue to be a lady beautiful." Vanzant's interview with Tran airs at 8 p.m. ET March 28. | Tran and Brown have had an on-again, off again relationship . They broke it off recently amid reports that he fathered child with another woman . He once publicly proclaimed being in love with both her and Rihanna . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ronda Rousey showed why she is the finest female combat fighter in the world with her 14-second victory over Cat Zingano in Los Angeles. Here, Sportsmail looks back at the five fastest finishes in the UFC. 5=) Don Frye vs Thomas Ramirez - 8 seconds . Don Frye took part in an eight-man openweight tournament at UFC 8 in 1996 and this knockout came in the quarter final when he knocked Thomas Ramirez out cold with his right hand. Frye would go on to win the tournament but was the barred from his job as a fireman due to the controversy surrounding mixed martial arts at the time. Later in the year, he won the Ultimate Ultimate 96 tournament but then retired. Don Frye celebrates winning the 8-man tournament at UFC 8 which included his knockout of Thomas Ramirez . 5=) James Irvin vs Houston Alexander - 8 seconds . Not only was this a quick knockout, it was particularly brutal. James Irwin landed with a superman punch and Houston Alexander simply fell to the canvas. After a fight with Rashad Evans fell through, Irvin lost to future middleweight champion Anderson Silva and later tested positive for painkillers methadone and oxymorphone. James Irwin landed with a superman punch and Houston Alexander collapsed to the canvas . 5=) Makwan Amirkhani vs Andy Ogle - 8 secondsAs debuts go, Makwan Amirkhani's was one to remember. In January, he landed with a flying knee to leave Andy Ogle on the canvas and the referee stepped in after a final flurry of punches. Unsurprisingly, the Finn earned the Performance of the Night bonus for his efforts. Makwan Amirkhani enjoyed a stunning debut, landing with a flying knee before finishing Andy Ogle . 2=) Todd Duffee vs Tim Hague - 7 seconds . Everyone loves a heavyweight clash, and everyone loves a knockout, so Todd Duffee's seven-second KO of Tim Hague ticked all the boxes. It was a straight left that did the damage as Hague dropped the canvas before he was rescued by the referee. Ironically, Duffee was on the end of a similarly brutal knockout in his next fight against Mike Russow - but this one came after 12 minutes. He had two spells with the UFC and remains an active fighter with independent promotions. Heavyweight Todd Duffee lands several punches on Tim Hague before the referee stepped in . 2=) Ryan Jimmo vs Anthony Perosh - 7 seconds . Anthony Perosh had barely touched gloves before he was on his back from a devastating right hand from Ryan Jimmo and the referee did not need a second invitation to intervene. Jimmo has fought five times since but has failed to string two victories together. Ryan Jimmo's right hand did the damage as he sent Anthony Perosh crashing to the canvas . 2=) Chan Sung Jung vs Mark Hominick - 7 seconds . Chan Sung Jung - aka The Korean Zombie - had already won Submission of the Night on his UFC debut and added Knockout of the Night against Mark Hominick. Slipping a wild left hook from his opponent, Jung responded with a stiff right hand and a barrage of blows on the canvas. After a third victory in the promotion, against Dustin Poirier, Jung challenged Jose Aldo for the featherweight title, losing in the fourth round and dislocating shoulder. He is currently serving military service. Chan Sung Jung slipped a hook and then responded with a right hand that left Mark Hominick out cold . 1) Duane Ludwig vs Jonathan Goulet - 6 seconds . Officially, Duane Ludwig's one-punch knockout of Jonathan Goulet was recorded at 11 seconds by the timekeeper. It was only after he petitioned the UFC that Ludwig was awarded with the organisation's fastest finish. He said: 'The record is very cool to have, because it separates me from every other human being past, present and very possibly future. That's some pretty cool stuff. Each athlete wants to stand out and this is a very big way to do so.' Duane Ludwig had to petition the UFC to have his knockout of Jonathan Goulet recognised as six seconds . | Ronda Rousey submitted Cat Zingano via armbar at UFC 184 on Saturday . It was the fastest-ever finish in a title fight as Rousey defended her belt . The bantamweight champion has made five defences of her title . Duane Ludwig holds the fastest finish in history after six seconds . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | While he may not be green-fingered, this Chinese farmer deserves a high-five for growing a huge hand-shaped vegetable. Mr Chen, who lives in the Zhongjiang County in central China, has harvested an impressive vegetable grown from a mysterious sprout, according to People's Daily. The creative Chinaman then decided to use it to make soup, and it tasted like a yam. Hand or foot: Mr Chen, who lives in the Zhongjiang County in central China, has harvested the vegetable . Referred to by Mr Chen as the 'foot yam', the curious vegetable weighs 14.6kg and measures around 70cm. Last spring, Mr Chen discovered some small green shoots in the abandoned vegetable garden behind his house. 'I never gave it any fertiliser so did not expect it to grow so big,' he said. But he unexpectedly found the huge vegetable a few days ago. The duck house behind Mr Chen's home is suspected to have fertilised the ground which would provide the 'foot yam' with all the nutrients it needed to grow. Referred to by Mr Chen as the 'foot yam', the curious vegetable weighs 14.6kg and measures around 70cm . 'This feet yam has the flavour of certain traditional medicine with a delicate taste and nice texture,' Mr Chen said. He also said there was too much to eat, so he shared it with his relatives. | Impressive vegetable measures 70cm long and weighs a whopping 15kg . It grew from a mysterious green shoot in Mr Chen's abandoned garden . Chinese farmer decided to use it to make soup and says it tastes like yam . There was too much to eat, so he has shared the 'yam' with his relatives . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Two Belgian companies have joined forces to create one of the world's most a unique aircraft: a plane featuring childhood animated favourite, Tintin. The cartoon, developed by Belgian artist Hergé, provided the inspiration for this one of a kind Airbus A320. Together, Brussels Airlines and Moulinsart had been working on this secret project for several months. Wife of Hergé, Fanny Rodwell, was on hand for the unveiling of a plane based on her husband's cartoon, Tintin . Two Belgian companies, Brussels Airlines and Moulinsart, came together for the bespoke aircraft design . Based on Professor Calculus' shark submarine from the adventure series, the long black shark aircraft was bapitised 'Rackham.' On the side of the fuselage, it reads: 'We fly you to the home of Tintin.' Tintin, who travels the world on his adventurous quests, is a natural travel partner for Brussels Airlines, who has also partnered with many other Belgian talents, such as the national football team and the country's largest music festival. The final design was based on Professor Calculus' shark submarine from the adventure series . The long black shark aircraft, baptised the 'Rackham,' has a side that reads: 'We fly you to the home of Tintin' The Airbus A320 took several months to create and was done entirely in secret . For the painting of the aircraft, Brussels Airlines hired plane paint artist Andre Eisele, who had to adapt the perspective of the drawings to the unusual curves of a plane. Eisele was also tasked with getting the aircraft looking as close to the original shark submarine design as possible. The entire paint job took 1500 hours in total. 'This aircraft is a dream come true,' Nick Rodwell, Director of Moulinsart, said. 'The partnership with Brussels Airlines is a perfect marriage for us.' The total paint job took 1500 hours in total to complete, under the hand of artist Andre Eisele . One of Eisele's biggest challenges was adapting the perspective to the unusual curves of a plane . The creators call Tintin and Brussels Airlines a 'perfect marriage' as both are passionate about adventure . 'Tintin is all about Belgium, all about Brussels, where he was born, as was Hergé. Tintin is also all about adventure and travelling, and with this plane we bring our two worlds together perfectly.' Following its unveiling, Rackham's maiden voyage took place: an hour and 45 minute flight to Toulouse. The aircraft will remain in use until 2019. | Brussels Airlines has teamed with Moulinsart for a unique aircraft design . Inspired by Belgian cartoon, Tintin, the shark plane was unveiled this week . Adventurer Tintin was created by another Belgian, the artist Hergé . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Prepare to see double Olympic cycling champion Victoria Pendleton in a different kind of saddle as she starts training to become a jump jockey. The 34-year-old, who is Britain's most successful female Olympian after winning sprint gold at Beijing in 2008 and the keirin at London 2012, hopes to compete in the Foxhunter Chase at next year's Cheltenham Festival. Pendleton has begun working with National Hunt trainer Paul Nicholls and Team GB's eventing performance manager, Yogi Breisner. Double Olympic cycling champion Victoria Pendleton has started training to become a jump jockey . Pendleton has begun training, and hopes to compete in the Foxhunter Chase at the 2016 Cheltenham Festival . Pendleton working with trainer Paul Nicholls and Team GB's eventing performance manager, Yogi Breisner . The change of career has been funded by online bookmakers Betfair, and the former cyclist hopes to obtain her Category A amateur license which would allow her to ride in amateur races on the Flat and over jumps, as well as compete in the point-to-point field. She told the Daily Mirror: 'I've been looking for a new and exciting challenge, and when they approached me about the opportunity to become a licensed amateur jockey, it captured my imagination. I'm motivated by the scale of the challenge and the opportunity to combine my love of horses with learning a new skill under the guidance of racing experts put together for me.' 'I will be working closely with Yogi Breisner, Chris King and Paul Nicholls to help train and advise me over the next 12 months. Pendleton says she been looking for a new and exciting challenge since retiring . Pendleton has been praised by trainer Nicholls, who says she is an outstanding athlete with a real drive . 'My team and I have identified the ambitious target of riding competitively in the Foxhunters Chase at Cheltenham Festival next year, but the initial focus will be on getting me to a level whereby I am granted an amateur jockey licence, which is a significant challenge in itself given that I had never even sat on a horse until a week ago.' Nicholls added: 'Victoria Pendleton is an outstanding athlete with a real drive and determination, so whilst this is an incredibly difficult challenge, these attributes are exactly what you need to become a jockey. 'Having the competitive mind set of an Olympic champion, I've no doubt will put her in a great place to succeed in this challenge whilst also shining a much deserved light on the sport of horse racing.' Pendleton cries after receiving her gold medal for winning the keirin at London 2012 . Pendleton celebrates after winning gold in the keirin at London 2012 . Pendleton is Britain's most successful female Olympian, but has now turned her attention to horse racing . Breisner, who is the eventing performance manager for Team GB, will be acting as a mentor to Pendleton and believes her athletic mindset will be a huge plus. He said: 'Victoria is a hugely talented, ambitious and gutsy individual, and these traits will stand her in the best stead possible for achieving this ambitious goal. 'Having worked with her for a week, the progress she has already made in such a small amount of time is quite frankly remarkable. It's a real privilege to work with Victoria on a challenge of this magnitude. 'While no one under estimates the scale of the challenge ahead, Victoria's undoubted mental and physical strength, coupled with the team Betfair have put together to help her with this challenge, means we are in a fantastic position for Victoria to achieve the ambitious goal of riding at Cheltenham Festival in 2016'. | Olympic cycling champion Victoria Pendleton is training to be a jockey . The 34-year-old hopes to compete at next year's Cheltenham Festival . She won sprint gold at Beijing in 2008 and the keirin at London 2012 . Pendleton says she has been looking for a new and exciting challenge . |
Extract the names of the playable characters in Street Fighter II from the passage, and list them out separated by a comma. | Characters
The original Street Fighter II features a roster of eight playable World Warriors. This includes Ryu and Ken—the main protagonists from Street Fighter—plus six new international newcomers. In the single-player tournament, the player fights the other seven main fighters, then the final opponents—a group of four CPU-only opponents known as the Grand Masters, which includes Sagat from Street Fighter.
Playable characters:
Ryu, a Japanese martial artist seeking no fame or even the crown of "champion", but only to hone his Shotokan Karate skills with the inner power of Chi, he dedicates his life to perfect his own potential while abandoning everything else in life such as having no family, and few friends, his only bond is with Ken. He is the winner of the previous tournament. He is not convinced that he is the greatest fighter in the world and comes to this tournament in search of fresh competition.
E. Honda, a sumo wrestler from Japan. He aims to improve the negative reputation of sumo wrestling by proving competitors to be legitimate athletes.
Blanka, a beast-like mutant from Brazil who was raised in the jungle. He enters the tournament to uncover more origins about his forgotten past.
Guile, a former United States Air Force special forces operative seeking to defeat M. Bison, who killed his best friend Charlie.
Ken, Ryu's best friend, greatest rival and former training partner, from the United States. Ryu's personal challenge rekindled Ken's fighting spirit and persuaded him to enter the World Warrior tournament, as well as feeling lackadaisical in his fighting potential due to spending too much time with his fiancée.
Chun-Li, a Chinese martial artist who works as an Interpol officer. Much like Guile, she does not enter the World Warrior tournament for any personal glory except proving that she can defeat any man who challenges her. Chun-Li's ambition in the past was tracking down the movements of the smuggling operation known as Shadaloo. Her goal now is her trail being led to the tournament by seeking to avenge her deceased father by holding the Grand Master's leader of the crime syndicate responsible.
Zangief, a professional wrestler and sambo fighter from the Soviet Union. He aims to prove "Soviet Strength" is the strongest form of strength, particularly by defeating American opponents with his bare hands.
Dhalsim, a fire-breathing yoga master from India. Even though he is a pacifist, he uses the money earned from fighting in order to lift people out of poverty.
CPU-exclusive characters, in the order of appearance:
Balrog, an American boxer with a similar appearance to Mike Tyson. Called M. Bison in Japan. Once one of the world's greatest heavyweight boxers, he began working for Shadaloo for easy money.
Vega, a Spanish bullfighter who wields a claw and uses a unique style of ninjutsu. Called Balrog in Japan. He is vain and wishes to eliminate ugly people from the world.
Sagat, a Muay Thai kickboxer from Thailand and former World Warrior champion from the original Street Fighter. He was once known as The King of Street Fighters until he got demoted as The King of Muai Thai in his own tournament due to a narrow defeat at the hands of Ryu's shoryuken (rising dragon punch) which left a deep gash across his chest. Ever since that moment he felt disgrace, and will do anything to have a grudge match with Ryu to get his title back, even if it takes joining forces with Shadaloo.
M. Bison, the leader of the criminal organization Shadaloo, who uses a mysterious power known as Psycho Power, and the final opponent of the game. Called Vega in Japan. | Ryu, E. Honda, Blanka, Guile, Ken, Chu-Li, Zangief, Dhalsim |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)He may be suffering from the effects of a dislocated shoulder -- but golf legend Arnold Palmer has vowed that won't stop him from hitting his ceremonial opening tee shot at the Masters in Augusta next month. The 85-year-old, speaking to reporters at the Trump Doral resort where he was opening a villa named after him, said he would look forward "to being out on that tee even if I fan it." Palmer's injury happened when he had a fall at the Father-Son Challenge in Florida shortly before Christmas. He explained: "I was going to make a speech at the Father-Son and I tripped on a carpet and did a 360." But the four-time Masters champion, who hit his first ceremonial opening shot back in 2007, said nothing would prevent him from joining fellow greats Jack Nicklaus and Gary Player on the course on April 9 -- even though doctors won't allow him to swing a golf club just yet. "Oh yeah, I plan on it," Palmer, known as 'the King,' said. "I haven't been practicing... I'm not allowed to swing yet. [But] I will whatever." Palmer's Masters triumphs came in 1958, 1960, 1962 and 1964, and he made his final competitive Masters appearance -- and his 50th in all -- in 2004. | Four-time Masters winner suffered dislocated shoulder in December . He has struck ceremonial opening tee shot at Masters since 2007 . Doctors won't allow him to swing a golf club yet . He vows to be "out on that tee even if I fan it" |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsene Wenger's Arsenal side cruised past West Ham to keep in touching distance of Manchester City in second place in the Premier League. Olivier Giroud fired in the opener on the stroke of half-time before Aaron Ramsey and Mathieu Flamini added second-half goals to secure the vital three points. West Ham have only won one games now in 12 league matches as Arsenal continue to strengthen a top four finish. Find out how each player fared at the Emirates Stadium with Sportmail's Sami Mokbel . Arsenal striker Olivier Giroud leaps into the air in celebration as he scored the opener at the Emirates . ARSENAL (4-3-3) David Ospina 6.5 . Sound display from the goalkeeper but jury remains undecided over whether he can be Arsenal's long-term No. 1. Calum Chambers 7 . A couple of dozy moments at the back but was excellent going forward. Per Mertesacker 6.5 . On easy street for majority of the encounter, but, for the most part, didn't let his concentration levels slip. Gunners midfielder Aaron Ramsey roars in celebration as he doubled Arsenal's lead in the second-half . Laurent Koscielny 6.5 . Dealt well with the movement and pace of Hammers' lone frontman Sakho. Nacho Monreal 7 . Another solid display from the left-back. Real battle with Kieran Gibbs to be club's first-choice left-back. Aaron Ramsey 7 . A mature display from the Welshman on his return to the starting XI. Will be vital in the run-in. Francis Coquelin 7 . Another industrious and terrier-like performance from the Frenchman. A vital cog for Wenger now. Arsenal forward Theo Walcott, challenged by James Collins at the Emirates, failed to take his chances . Theo Walcott 6 . Handed a rare start but failed to grasp the opportunity after missing three guild-edged chances. 6 . Mesut Ozil 7 . Saw plenty of the ball, particularly in the first-half. Showed flashes of quality without being at his very best. Alexis Sanchez 6 . Nowhere near the dynamite form from earlier this season. Are the rigours of English football catching up with him? Arsenal midfielder Mesut Ozil looks on in frustration as a chance goes begging at the Emirates Stadium . Olivier Giroud 8.5 . Scored his seventh goal in 10 games and made another. Excellent performance. Must now do it in the Champions League against Monaco? Subs . Danny Welbeck 6.5 . Injected urgency and pace in to the Arsenal attack. Santi Cazorla 6.5 . Rested ahead of the trip to Monaco but came on to see his team home. Mathieu Flamini 6.5 . Back after injury to help see Arsenal over the line and score a rare goal. WEST HAM (4-4-2) Adrian 8 . Made a string of important saves to keep West Ham in the game. Impressive performance. Joey O'Brien 6.5 . A rare start for the defender but did a sufficient enough job against the pace of interchanging Walcott and Sanchez. James Collins 6.5 . The club's only fit centre-back organised his back-four well against a barrage of Arsenal pressure in the first half. Hammers keeper Adrian threatened to spoil Arsenal's afternoon with a succession of fine first half saves . Cheikhou Kouyate 6.5 . Utilised as a makeshift centre-back and didn't look out of place despite the result. Aaron Cresswell 7 . Did an admiral job in keeping Sanchez and Walcott quiet. Surely on England manager Roy Hodgson's radar. Stewart Downing 6 . Didn't have the influence West Ham have come to expect this season, but still put a shift in. Mark Noble 6 . Kept things ticking over in midfield without being spectacular. Subbed. Former Arsenal midfielder Alex Song (left) tracks Alexis Sanchez on his return to the Emirates . Alex Song 6.5 . Was desperate to do well on his return to the Emirates Stadium. Can be satisfied with his display if not the result. Kevin Nolan 6 . Looked to be struggling with an injury in the first half but recovered to play a role in West Ham's early second half rally. Matt Jarvis 6.5 . His energy caused Arsenal some problems before he was substituted in the second half. West Ham forward Diafra Sakho (centre) tries to evade Arsenal defender Laurent Koscielny . Diafra Sakho 6.5 . Cut an isolated figure at times, but still caused the Gunners rearguard problems with his pace. Subs . Morgan Amalfitano 6 . Came on to help West Ham find an opening. Had little impact. 6 . Nene 6 . Had little time to make an impact. | Arsenal beat West Ham 3-0 at the Emirates on Saturday afternoon . The Gunners ease to eighth win in their past nine matches . Olivier Giroud scored on the cusp of half-time to send Arsenal on their way . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Only one woman in ten now stays at home to raise a family. Official figures show the proportion of women who are stay-at-home mothers has dropped by more than a third in the past two decades to a historic low. But there has been no compensating movement towards staying at home among men. Just over one man in 100 brings up his children full-time. Scroll down for video . Changing times: Official figures show the proportion of women who are stay-at-home mothers has dropped by more than a third in the past two decades to a historic low . The findings, published in an Office for National Statistics report, come at a time of continuing controversy over the pressure on mothers to go out to work and warnings over the welfare of children. Specifically, the figures detail those who give their occupation as ‘looking after family or home’. It does not include unemployed women, who are classed as looking for work. Last year Chancellor George Osborne published plans to encourage up to half a million more women into work by the start of 2016. He said he wanted to ‘support women who want to work’ by increasing access to child care. But at the time critics warned that the Government risked ‘stigmatising’ stay-at-home mothers. A childcare voucher scheme worth up to £1,200 to parents will go into operation next month. The report said the number of adult women who are ‘economically inactive’ – in other words they neither work nor want to work – has dropped fast since 1980. The report said the number of adult women who are ‘economically inactive’ – in other words they neither work nor want to work – has dropped fast since 1980 . It said: ‘There are many reasons for economic inactivity, such as study, looking after the family or home, sickness or disability, or not needing to work. ‘However the main reason for the decline in female inactivity rates over the longer period has been a decline in the share of women staying out of work to look after the family or home.’ The report said the proportion of women aged between 16 and 64 who are economically inactive because they are looking after the family or the home was 15.9 per cent in the spring of 1993, but fell by last autumn to 10.1 per cent. The figures showed the share of adult women who were stay-at-home mothers dropped below 15 per cent in 1995 and had reached 13.5 per cent when Tony Blair entered Downing Street in May 1997. The proportion of women who are stay-at-home mothers briefly dropped below 10 per cent last summer, and stood at 10.1 per cent at the end of 2014, the report said. By contrast, the proportion of men who choose to become house-husbands has remained low, despite the encouragement of politicians who believe men should take a larger share of childcare duties. In the spring of 1993 just 0.6 per cent of men were economically inactive because they were looking after family or home. While the proportion doubled over the next two decades, that still meant that just 1.2 per cent spent their days looking after home or children last year. The march of women into the labour market follows the increasing importance of education and jobs to girls, and the pressure on women to remain in work to pay ever-higher mortgages and keep up with the cost of living. But critics accuse successive governments of doing nothing to help those who want to bring up their own children since the decision to tax married couples separately in the late 1980s first left stay-at-home mothers without any support in the tax system. While working mothers have gained heavily from tax credits, increasing maternity leave, and state-subsidised childcare, those who stay at home with their children have no help from the benefits system. Helping trend: Last year Chancellor George Osborne published plans to encourage up to half a million more women into work by the start of 2016 . Laura Perrins, of Mothers At Home Matter, said: ‘It is a reflection of Government policy that women have to look for work when many want to look after their children instead. ‘The Government is only interested in income tax revenue. It has no interest in the wishes of mothers or the welfare of their children.’ Research for the Department for Education last year found more than a third of working mothers would like to give up their jobs and stay at home with their children. More than two out of three women are now in employment – 68.5 per cent in the last three months of last year, according to the ONS. At the beginning of the 1980s the level of working among women was barely over half. The percentages mean there are now more than 14million women in work, but only two million are full-time mothers or homemakers. | Number of stay-at-home mothers dropped by third in 20 years to record low . Figures come at time of controversy over pressure on working mothers . George Osborne wants to encourage trend by increasing childcare access . Meanwhile just over one man in 100 brings up his children full-time . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ben Foster has been ruled out until October after surgery showed he had damaged his anterior cruciate ligament. It was tonight he had suffered a cartilage injury during the victory over Stoke keeping him out for a month, but exploratory operator revealed the extent of his problem. The injury will keep Foster out for the next six months in a huge blow for West Bromwich Albion as well as England manager Roy Hodgson, who needs a deputy for Joe Hart. West Brom goalkeeper Ben Foster is set to miss the rest of the season through a serious injury . Foster receives medical treatment from the West Brom physios after suffering a knee injury against Stoke . Dr Mark Gillett, who as Director of Performance heads up Albion's sports science and medical team, said: 'Ben is in good spirits despite this obvious disappointment to him – he's already talking about his 'rehab' and wanting to get started on it immediately. 'But he has had a cruciate reconstruction of his left knee following the injury against Stoke and he will be out for six months.' Foster was forced off through the injury and had to be replaced by Boaz Myhill (left) against Stoke . The injury to Foster will be a blow to England manager Roy Hodgson (right), who needs a deputy for Joe Hart . | West Brom goalkeeper Ben Foster has been ruled out of action until October . He suffered a cartilage injury during his side's victory over Stoke . An exploratory operator has revealed the full extent of his problem . Foster has damaged his anterior cruciate ligament . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | If you feel that your dinner choices are getting boring then you may want to check out the newest range of unique meat and fish currently in supermarkets. Products from exotic animals like are proving to be more than able to stand up as viable alternative to traditional meats, poultry and seafood. And Iceland is the latest high street store to offer a range of exotic creatures with ostrich, kangaroo, crocodile, wild boar and venison all appearing in their freezers. Exotic meats: Buffalo burger with charred tomato and basil on a seeded roll . Kangaroo meatballs served with spaghetti and tomato sauce (left) and venison sausages and mash (right) The frozen food store has launched speciality meat products which include kangaroo burgers and meatballs, wild boar sausages and burgers, ostrich fillets, buffalo burgers and crocodile burgers. Speaking about the new meat and fish ranges, Nigel Broadhurst, Joint Managing Director at Iceland, said: 'Our new meat and fish ranges are fantastic alternatives to traditional meat and fish options.' He continued: 'The speciality meats are typically lower in fat and higher in protein, while most of the fish in our new range is naturally high in protein and rich in nutrients. 'Both of the new ranges are ideal for those looking to introduce quick, versatile and tasty meals into their diet.' Surf and turf with a difference: Swordfish steak, served with vegetables (left) and ostrich steak (right) This isn't the first time wild meats have appeared in high street stores. Last June, Tesco put free range ostrich meat on sale in 400 locations amid evidence the nation is developing a taste for exotic and unusual meat. And in December last year, Lidl was offering reindeer steaks and ostrich meat, and claimed it was unable to keep up with demand. Even the discount chain Budgens has previously put squirrel on its shelves while Aldi offered ostrich kebabs in September 2014. Iceland is the latest high street store to offer exotic and unusual meats . The ostrich kebabs at Tesco are supplied by wholesaler DB Foods, which said a trial of Mossel Bay ostrich steaks at Britain's biggest supermarket in March 2014 had gone 'very well'. There are some ostrich farmers in the UK, however the meat being sold by Tesco comes from South Africa as the result of an exclusive deal with a farmer co-operative called Mosstrich. It is possible to buy Llama mince, imported from Chile, on Amazon plus many other exotic choices, ranging from zebra steaks and crocodile to kangaroo, camel and elk, from specialist suppliers. DB Foods is already supplying more than 2,000 High Street butchers and Whole Foods Market with the kebabs. Chief executive Ben Bayer said that ostrich was set to become increasingly visible to consumers. He said: 'It is our ambition to see ostrich become a mainstream meat. It's nutritional, has a great taste and is a healthy red meat.' Ostrich is a particularly healthy red meat, coming in at just three per cent fat, compared to around 10.5 per cent for beef, and 15.2 per cent pork. It even has less fat than chicken, which is typically 7.4 per cent. For purpose of comparison, 100g of raw skirt steak contains: . 165 calories; . 8.95 g fat; . 3.47 g saturated fat; . 69 mg cholesterol; and . 19.62 g protein. Bison or buffalo: . 109 calories; . 1.84 g fat; . 0.69 g saturated fat; . 62 mg cholesterol; and . 21.62 g protein. Ostrich: . 116 calories; . 2.4 g fat; . 0.81 g saturated fat; . 71 mg cholesterol; and . 21.99 g protein. Elk: . 111 calories; . 1.45 g fat; . 0.53 g saturated fat; . 55 mg cholesterol; and . 22.95 g protein. Emu: . 112 calories; . 1.64 g fat; . 0.448 g saturated fat; . 85 mg cholesterol; and . 22.83 g protein. Wild Boar: . 122 calories; . 3.33 g fat; . 0.99 g saturated fat; and . 21.51 g protein. Based on 100g raw servings. | Supermarket Iceland now sells ostrich burgers and buffalo steaks . It's not the first high street store to stock exotic meats and seafood . Buffalo, ostrich and wild boar all contain more protein than beef . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Goal hero Christophe Berra said Scotland were rewarded for their patience with a late winner in the 1-0 victory against Northern Ireland. The Ipswich defender headed home in the 85th minute from a Matt Ritchie corner in the friendly at Hampden Park on Wednesday night. Scotland keeper Christophe Berra celebrates scoring the winner against Northern Ireland . Berra's goal finally broke the resistance of Northern Ireland and goalkeeper Michael McGovern, who had frustrated Scotland with a succession of saves. He said: 'It was a difficult game, they made it very difficult. When teams do that it's very hard to break them down. 'Sometimes games are won on set pieces and luckily enough I managed to get my head on the end of a good corner kick and it just sneaked in.' Scotland boss Gordon Strachan was happy with a win and a clean sheet as preparation for Sunday's Euro 2016 qualifier against Gibraltar. Christophe Berra gets above his marker to head the ball into the corner for a late winner for Scotland . Bournemouth star Matt Ritchie, who made his debut in Wednesday night's game, controls the ball in midfield . He said: 'The start was good, lots of efforts on goals, McGovern played very well but after half an hour it became a friendly feel. But we kept plugging away and doing the right things. And to win the game and keep a clean sheet is good.' Northern Ireland manager Michael O'Neill insisted there more positives than negatives following the narrow defeat. He said: 'When you make so many substitutions, you are continually changing markers from set-pieces. Under normal circumstances, I don't think we'd have lost that goal - and it's disappointing for Michael McGovern who had a good game. 'We can take an awful lot (from the performance). We ended up with three 20-year-olds or under-20-year-olds on the pitch. The likes of Paddy McNair, Luke McCullough, Ryan McLaughlin - it's great for those lads to get minutes in this type of game.' Steven Fletcher gets a shot away but was unable to trouble goalkeeper Michael McGovern . The Sunderland striker is denied again by Michael McGovern as he goes through one on one . | Christophe Berra scored late winner for Scotland in friendly on Wednesday . Northern Ireland goalkeeper Michael McGovern had kept home side at bay . Gordon Strachan's side face Gibraltar in Euro 2016 qualifier on Sunday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Anthony Brumwell (pictured), from Blackhall Colliery, County Durham, was jailed for three years and two months after he spent £15,000 of his grandmother's savings . A man with an addiction to chat lines has been jailed after using his grandmother's savings to fund his habit. Anthony Brumwell, who has previously defrauded other members of his family, spent £15,000 of his grandmother's savings and extended her overdraft. He left the 74-year-old at risk of eviction due to rent arrears that accrued through his activities, Durham Crown Court heard. Her life insurance was also cancelled as her accounts dried up, leaving her with 'significant worry and confusion'. Ian Mullarkey, prosecuting, said the issue came to light when a £5,000 loan application was posted to Brumwell's father, despite carrying the defendant's phone number. Other family members quickly checked his grandmother's finances and realised what was happening. Her reaction was: 'He's cleaned me out again.' While the 31-year-old was on bail for theft and fraud against his grandmother he turned his attention to employer Start Energy, for whom he was account manager. Brumwell, from Blackhall Colliery, County Durham, set up a bogus £10,400 'deal' through the Peterlee-based business for an electricity meter for another company. But he gave his own bank details on invoices for payments. Mr Mullarkey said this caused Start Energy major difficulties as the other company cancelled a large contract, resulting in the loss of four jobs. The court heard his financial difficulties began when he started using premium rate chat lines as a teenager, taking out payday loans to try to meet his debts along with the cost of everyday living. Shaun Dryden, mitigating, said Brumwell was spending up to £1,000 a month on the chat lines, which can cost between 41p and £2.50 per minute. Judge Simon Hickey told 31-year-old Brumwell at Durham Crown Court (above): 'Your actions are said to have broken your grandmother's heart' He said: 'This is on top of bills and rent, and there is a point where he could not fund what he was spending.' Brumwell admitted charges of fraud against his grandmother and employer, plus attempted theft. Judge Simon Hickey jailed Brumwell for three years and two months. He said: 'Your actions are said to have broken your grandmother's heart. 'The tragedy is that that generous lady would have given you the money if you asked.' Judge Hickey added that, given the defendant's circumstances, compensation was 'unrealistic'. | Anthony Brumwell given three years, two months at Durham Crown Court . The 31-year-old was charged with fraud and attempted theft . Spending £1,000 every month on chat lines, costing up to £2.50 per minute . Grandmother's life insurance also cancelled as accounts dried up . Judge told Brumwell: 'Your actions broke your grandmother's heart' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Lewis Hamilton swapped the pit lane for the runway as he took time out to support his friend Olivier Rousteing at Paris Fashion Week. The reigning world champion was enjoying some time off before the new Formula One season kicks off in Australia on March 15. Mercedes driver Hamilton attended the Balmain show in Paris on Thursday evening. Lewis Hamilton posted this picture after attending a friend's show at Paris Fashion Week . Mercedes driver Hamilton attended the Balmain show in Paris on Thursday evening . Former McLaren driver Hamilton poses for a picture in front of the Eiffel Tower in Paris . He then posted a picture online of him with some of the models and said: 'Big congrats to my brother @olivier_rousteing for his show today @balmainparis very proud!' After the show, Hamilton attended an after-show dinner as part of Paris Fashion Week, where he was accompanied by some big names from the world of music and film. The 30-year-old was pictured alongside singer and actor Jared Leto, as well as Kanye West and wife Kim Kardashian, who was sporting a new blonde hairstyle. Hamilton was joined at the after-party by Jared Leto, Kanye West, Olivier Rousteing and Kim Kardashian (l-r) Hamilton poses alongside French fashion designer Rousteing (left) and poses for the cameras (right) Hamilton speaks to actor and singer Leto (centre), while television personality Kris Jenner looks on (left) Hamilton laughs as he speaks to British fashion designer Edward Enninful at the Balmain aftershow dinner . On the track, Mercedes were considerably faster than their opponents in 2015 and early signs suggest the same will be true this season. Hamilton, though, is eager for competition. Speaking to Laureus.com, he said: 'I like to race, I really like to race. The 2015 cars are going to be evolutions of last year's cars, so it'll be the same people that we were racing with last year. Red Bull, Williams, and then you're hoping that it's a bit of a better year for those like McLaren and Ferrari, so that we have more people to race. The more the merrier. 'There was one year the first seven races were won by a different driver, a different team, that's what people want to see. But, most importantly, if the cars are close you can have real races where you're overtaking and battling and that's what I love doing. That's what racing's about.' Hamilton takes a break after training for the new F1 season, which starts in March . Jourdan Dunn (left) and Karlie Kloss were also guests at the Balmain Aftershow dinner in Paris on Thursday . Hamilton drives his new car on F1 testing day in Barcelona in late February . The reigning world champion poses for a picture with Mercedes team-mate Nico Rosberg . | Lewis Hamilton attended Paris Fashion Week to support a friend . Mercedes driver Hamilton attended the Balmain show . The first race of the season is in Australia on March 15 . CLICK HERE for all the latest F1 news . |
What is HiFI? | High fidelity (often shortened to Hi-Fi or HiFi) is the high-quality reproduction of sound. It is popular with audiophiles and home audio enthusiasts. Ideally, high-fidelity equipment has inaudible noise and distortion, and a flat (neutral, uncolored) frequency response within the human hearing range.
High fidelity contrasts with the lower-quality “lo-fi” sound produced by inexpensive audio equipment, AM radio, or the inferior quality of sound reproduction that can be heard in recordings made until the late 1940s. | Bell Laboratories began experimenting with a range of recording techniques in the early 1930s. Performances by Leopold Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra were recorded in 1931 and 1932 using telephone lines between the Academy of Music in Philadelphia and the Bell labs in New Jersey. Some multitrack recordings were made on optical sound film, which led to new advances used primarily by MGM (as early as 1937) and Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation (as early as 1941). RCA Victor began recording performances by several orchestras using optical sound around 1941, resulting in higher-fidelity masters for 78-rpm discs. During the 1930s, Avery Fisher, an amateur violinist, began experimenting with audio design and acoustics. He wanted to make a radio that would sound like he was listening to a live orchestra—that would achieve high fidelity to the original sound. After World War II, Harry F. Olson conducted an experiment whereby test subjects listened to a live orchestra through a hidden variable acoustic filter. The results proved that listeners preferred high-fidelity reproduction, once the noise and distortion introduced by early sound equipment was removed.[citation needed]
Beginning in 1948, several innovations created the conditions that made major improvements of home-audio quality possible:
Reel-to-reel audio tape recording, based on technology taken from Germany after WWII, helped musical artists such as Bing Crosby make and distribute recordings with better fidelity.
The advent of the 33⅓ rpm Long Play (LP) microgroove vinyl record, with lower surface noise and quantitatively specified equalization curves as well as noise-reduction and dynamic range systems. Classical music fans, who were opinion leaders in the audio market, quickly adopted LPs because, unlike with older records, most classical works would fit on a single LP.
Higher quality turntables, with more responsive needles
FM radio, with wider audio bandwidth and less susceptibility to signal interference and fading than AM radio.
Better amplifier designs, with more attention to frequency response and much higher power output capability, reproducing audio without perceptible distortion.
New loudspeaker designs, including acoustic suspension, developed by Edgar Villchur and Henry Kloss with improved bass frequency response.
In the 1950s, audio manufacturers employed the phrase high fidelity as a marketing term to describe records and equipment intended to provide faithful sound reproduction. Many consumers found the difference in quality compared to the then-standard AM radios and 78-rpm records readily apparent and bought high-fidelity phonographs and 33⅓ LPs such as RCA's New Orthophonics and London's FFRR (Full Frequency Range Recording, a UK Decca system). Audiophiles paid attention to technical characteristics and bought individual components, such as separate turntables, radio tuners, preamplifiers, power amplifiers and loudspeakers. Some enthusiasts even assembled their own loudspeaker systems. With the advent of integrated multi-speaker console systems in the 1950s, hi-fi became a generic term for home sound equipment, to some extent displacing phonograph and record player.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the development of stereophonic equipment and recordings led to the next wave of home-audio improvement, and in common parlance stereo displaced hi-fi. Records were now played on a stereo. In the world of the audiophile, however, the concept of high fidelity continued to refer to the goal of highly accurate sound reproduction and to the technological resources available for approaching that goal. This period is regarded as the "Golden Age of Hi-Fi", when vacuum tube equipment manufacturers of the time produced many models considered superior by modern audiophiles, and just before solid state (transistorized) equipment was introduced to the market, subsequently replacing tube equipment as the mainstream technology.
In the 1960s, the FTC with the help of the audio manufacturers came up with a definition to identify high fidelity equipment so that the manufacturers could clearly state if they meet the requirements and reduce misleading advertisements.
The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) was adapted into a power MOSFET for audio by Jun-ichi Nishizawa at Tohoku University in 1974. Power MOSFETs were soon manufactured by Yamaha for their hi-fi audio amplifiers. JVC, Pioneer Corporation, Sony and Toshiba also began manufacturing amplifiers with power MOSFETs in 1974. In 1977, Hitachi introduced the LDMOS (lateral diffused MOS), a type of power MOSFET. Hitachi was the only LDMOS manufacturer between 1977 and 1983, during which time LDMOS was used in audio power amplifiers from manufacturers such as HH Electronics (V-series) and Ashly Audio, and were used for music and public address systems. Class-D amplifiers became successful in the mid-1980s when low-cost, fast-switching MOSFETs were made available. Many transistor amps use MOSFET devices in their power sections, because their distortion curve is more tube-like.
A popular type of system for reproducing music beginning in the 1970s was the integrated music centre—which combined a phonograph turntable, AM-FM radio tuner, tape player, preamplifier, and power amplifier in one package, often sold with its own separate, detachable or integrated speakers. These systems advertised their simplicity. The consumer did not have to select and assemble individual components or be familiar with impedance and power ratings. Purists generally avoid referring to these systems as high fidelity, though some are capable of very good quality sound reproduction.
Audiophiles in the 1970s and 1980s preferred to buy each component separately. That way, they could choose models of each component with the specifications that they desired. In the 1980s, a number of audiophile magazines became available, offering reviews of components and articles on how to choose and test speakers, amplifiers, and other components.
Listening tests
See also: Codec listening test
Listening tests are used by hi-fi manufacturers, audiophile magazines, and audio engineering researchers and scientists. If a listening test is done in such a way that the listener who is assessing the sound quality of a component or recording can see the components that are being used for the test (e.g., the same musical piece listened to through a tube power amplifier and a solid-state amplifier), then it is possible that the listener's pre-existing biases towards or against certain components or brands could affect their judgment. To respond to this issue, researchers began to use blind tests, in which listeners cannot see the components being tested. A commonly used variant of this test is the ABX test. A subject is presented with two known samples (sample A, the reference, and sample B, an alternative), and one unknown sample X, for three samples total. X is randomly selected from A and B, and the subject identifies X as being either A or B. Although there is no way to prove that a certain methodology is transparent, a properly conducted double-blind test can prove that a method is not transparent.
Blind tests are sometimes used as part of attempts to ascertain whether certain audio components (such as expensive, exotic cables) have any subjectively perceivable effect on sound quality. Data gleaned from these blind tests is not accepted by some audiophile magazines such as Stereophile and The Absolute Sound in their evaluations of audio equipment. John Atkinson, current editor of Stereophile, stated that he once purchased a solid-state amplifier, the Quad 405, in 1978 after seeing the results from blind tests, but came to realize months later that "the magic was gone" until he replaced it with a tube amp. Robert Harley of The Absolute Sound wrote, in 2008, that: "...blind listening tests fundamentally distort the listening process and are worthless in determining the audibility of a certain phenomenon."
Doug Schneider, editor of the online Soundstage network, refuted this position with two editorials in 2009. He stated: "Blind tests are at the core of the decades' worth of research into loudspeaker design done at Canada's National Research Council (NRC). The NRC researchers knew that for their result to be credible within the scientific community and to have the most meaningful results, they had to eliminate bias, and blind testing was the only way to do so." Many Canadian companies such as Axiom, Energy, Mirage, Paradigm, PSB, and Revel use blind testing extensively in designing their loudspeakers. Audio professional Dr. Sean Olive of Harman International shares this view. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Stoke City manager Mark Hughes will be given money to spend in the summer to maintain his side’s ambitions for European football after signing a new four-year contract. The 51-year-old has penned fresh terms which commit him to the Britannia Stadium until the summer of 2019. He has been in talks for some time but was always positive about extending his stay. ‘I’m delighted to have signed a new contract,’ Hughes said yesterday. ‘It’s exciting times for Stoke City. Everyone can see there’s more progress to be made and we want to see how far we can take the club.’ Mark Hughes has signed a new contract with Stoke City to keep him at the Britannia until the summer of 2018 . Stoke currently sit 10th in the Barclays Premier League this season under manager Hughes . Hughes has only spent £6.2million in four transfer windows since replacing Tony Pulis but guided Stoke to their highest Premier League finish and points total last season, and is on course to improve again this campaign. Bojan, a £800,000 signing from Barcelona, was a huge success before rupturing his anterior cruciate ligament in January. Hughes added: ‘This season has been more difficult due to circumstances, like injuries to key players, but we’ve still been very competitive. We can do even better next season with a little bit more investment.’ Bojan soars away in celebration after scoring against Rochdale in the FA Cup match at Spotland Stadium . Bojan was in fine form for Stoke City before a knee injury sustained in the cup ruled him out of action . | Mark Hughes signed a new four-year contract with Stoke City on Friday . Hughes will have funds in the summer as they chase Europa League spot . Stoke currently sit 10th in the Premier League with 42 points . CLICK HERE for all the latest Stoke City news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A yoga teacher who nursed her boyfriend after he suffered a stroke had to flee Britain when he started bombarding her with abusive letters. Alessia Avellino, 42, said her relationship with 51-year-old Paul Bijl broke down after the stroke four years ago completely changed his character. But Bijl still often sent her letters and text messages calling her a ‘c***’ and ‘whore’, forcing Miss Avellino to flee her flat in St John’s Wood, north-west London, to her native Italy . Ex-boyfriend: Alessia Avellino (left) said her relationship with Paul Bijl (right) broke down after his stroke . She told the London Evening Standard: ‘He looked the same after the stroke but had become someone else. I couldn’t handle it. It destroyed me. I cried myself to sleep every day.’ Miss Avellino, who is also an artist and has exhibited paintings at the Royal Academy of Arts, said Bijl ‘went bananas that I had left him’ and would shout at her in front of other people. She withdrew a harassment case after he promised to change, but then called police when the abuse became ‘relentless’. Bijl has since admitted harassment at Westminster Magistrates’ Court. The Westminster resident was sentenced to six months of community service and handed an indefinite restraining order, but Miss Avellino stressed that he is ‘no monster’ and ‘needs help’. Sentenced: Bijl admitted harassment at Westminster Magistrates’ Court (above) and was given six months of community service and handed an indefinite restraining order . Speaking to Standard reporter Anna Dubuis, she added: ‘When it happened it destroyed me. 'My self-esteem was in tatters. I loved him so much - that’s why it was so hard to get away from him. ‘I was convinced he was the love of my life. I hoped he would change. When I finally saw he wasn’t going to, I said it was over.’ Miss Avellino studied at the Chelsea College of Arts and has also exhibited paintings at the Rivington Gallery in east London. | Alessia Avellino's relationship with Paul Bijl broke down after his stroke . But he still often sent her letters and texts calling her 'c***' and 'whore' She fled flat in St John’s Wood to her native Italy after it 'destroyed' her . Court gave Bijl restraining order and six months of community service . |
Based on the reference text about the Tampa Bay Rays, what is the name of their stadium and who are their main rivals? | The Tampa Bay Rays are an American professional baseball team based in St. Petersburg, Florida. The Rays compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. Since its inception, the team's home venue has been Tropicana Field.
Following nearly three decades of unsuccessfully trying to gain an expansion franchise or enticing existing teams to relocate to the Tampa Bay area, an ownership group led by Vince Naimoli was approved on March 9, 1995. The team began play as the Tampa Bay Devil Rays in the 1998 Major League Baseball season.
The team's first decade of play was marked by futility; they finished in last place in the AL East in all but the 2004 season, when they finished second to last. Following the 2007 season, Stuart Sternberg, who had purchased controlling interest in the team from Vince Naimoli two years earlier, changed the team's name from "Devil Rays" to "Rays", now meaning both a manta ray and a ray of sunshine; a manta ray logo appears on the uniform sleeves while a sunburst appears on the uniform front. The 2008 season saw the Rays post their first winning season, their first AL East championship, and their first American League pennant (defeating the rival Boston Red Sox in the ALCS), though they lost to the Philadelphia Phillies in that year's World Series. Since then, the Rays have played in the postseason seven more times, winning the American League pennant again in 2020 and losing to the Los Angeles Dodgers in that year's World Series.
The Tampa Bay Rays' chief rivals are the Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees, which also play in the AL East. Regarding the former, there have been several notable on-field incidents. The Rays also have an in-state interleague rivalry with the National League (NL)'s Miami Marlins (originally the Florida Marlins), whom they play in the Citrus Series.
Through 2022, the Rays' all-time record is 1,912–2,034 (.485) | The name of the Tampa Bay Rays stadium is Tropicana Field and their main rivals are the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Chelsea are 110 years old: and they look every day of it, battling towards a third Premier League title under Jose Mourinho. Six points clear with a game in hand hardly constitutes a crisis. Mourinho would certainly have bought that at the start of the season, any manager would. Yet it is hard, hard going, for a team that once seemed so assured. Southampton had the better of the first-half here, and all Chelsea’s pressure could not conjure a winner after half-time. Click here to read Martin Samuel's full match report . Host commentator . Chelsea miss the chance to go eight points clear at the top of the Barclays Premier League table as Southampton claim a point at Stamford Bridge. And Koeman's side were worthy of the point as they impressed throughout the 90 minutes. Costa put his side in the lead, however his effort was cancelled out when the Saints were awarded a first-half penalty which Tadic converted. Azpilicueta came close to scoring a late winner however Forster was able to beat the ball away for a corner. Terry then almost gets on the scoresheet with a driven effort at goal, however he is unable to find a way past Forster. Pelle has just played a delightful lobbed pass to Mane but the Senegal international is unable to get the ball under control when going through on goal. Remains 1-1 at Stamford Bridge. Chelsea have just five more minutes to open up an eight-point lead over Manchester City. The Blues still have another game in hand over the Premier League champions so it's not all doom and gloom for Mourinho's men. Pelle has eight minutes to try to score a winner for his side. Meanwhile Willian is replaced by Cuadrado after hobbling off injured. With both sides having terrific records when it comes to keeping out the opposition I think the next goal will win this game. Chelsea look more likely to grab a winner as Southampton have been pushed back during the second half. There's just under 12 minutes left at Stamford Bridge. Hazard calls Forster into action with a quick fire shot. However the England stopper stands tall to deny the Belgium international. Tadic and Davis off, Djuricic and Ward-Prowse on . Cahill has been cautioned for yet another foul on Mane. The Senegal international has been in impressive this afternoon. Koeman will be thinking his side may be able to nick all three points. Pelle is warming up on the Stamford Bridge touchline. Long has led the line well but Koeman may look to freshen things up. Mane continues to cause problems with his blistering pace. This time it was Ivanovic who hacked Mane down as he was running through on goal. Wanyama also goes into Dean's book for a late foul. Mourinho brought in Cuadrado during the January transfer window to improve his wide options but the Colombia international hasn't really been handed the opportunities to impress. Today may just be the day for Cuadrado to prove his worth. Costa came close to grabbing his second goal of the match. The Spain international, who was involved in a tussle with Fonte, tried to poke home a cross by Willian but his effort hit the woodwork. Mourinho has decided not to risk the chance of Matic seeing red as he has replaced him with Ramires. Chelsea have started the second half in lively fashion. Their flair players are linking up much better than they were during the latter stages of the first. Sportsmail's Graham Poll believes Matic should have been sent off the foul on Mane. Matic was lucky not have been given a yellow card for a clumsy challenge on Mane. Dean appeared to reach into pocket before changing his mind. Chelsea played some nice football in the early stages of today's match. Costa's goal came after an intricate move which led to Ivanovic crossing into the box. Chelsea have looked extremely lacklustre since conceding. Matic deserved to be penalised for his foul on Mane despite Chelsea's protests. The home side could have also been awarded a penalty during the first half when Ivanovic was fouled inside the area. Mourinho will be weighing up his options ahead of the interval. Both Fabregas and Oscar have failed to make any real impact on today's game so far. Ramires, who failed to impress in midweek, and Cuadrado are both viable options from the bench. Koeman appears to have made the right decision in picking Long over Pelle. Long's pace is causing Terry and Cahill problems and his link up play with Mane has been exceptional thus far. The Saints look the more likely side to score the next goal. After a tricky first five minutes when it looked like Willian was going to run riot, Koeman's side have settled down and look a real threat on the counter attack. Mane has been cautioned for a late foul on Ivanovic. Chelsea could have received a penalty of their own. Ivanovic appeared to be clipped by Tadic while the right back was making his way into the penalty box. Mourinho will not be happy with Dean's decision. Tadic slots home via the foot of Courtois to level the scoreline at Stamford Bridge. Matic, who received a yellow card after being penalised by Mike Dean, appeared to win the ball but went through the back of Mane. Southampton have been awarded a penalty. Matic made a lunging challenge on Mane. Costa came into today's game level with Manchester City's Sergio Aguero as the joint highest goalscorer with 17 goals. However the Spain international's goal puts him in the lead. Southampton go up the other end in hope of getting back on to level terms. Mane shoots at goal but Courtois manages to get down to palm away his effort. And there you have it. Ivanovic crosses the ball into the box from the right and Costa has the easy task of nodding into the net. Koeman will be wondering why he was allowed to rise above his side's defence without being challenged. The Premier League's meanest defence will have to find a way of keeping Diego Costa quiet. Costa has had a remarkable first season in England - with the former Atletico Madrid man scoring 17 league goals. Brazilian playmaker Willian has looked extremely lively during the early exchanges. He has popped up on the right and through the middles to cause Southampton's defence problems. The likes of Willian, Oscar and Hazard have shown some neat early touches. Willian just ran through the middle before laying the ball onto Azpilicueta however his shot went over the bar. Chelsea and Southampton have excellent records when it comes to keeping out the opposition. Koeman's side have conceded just 20 Premier League goals while the Blues have let in just two more than their opponents. Ronald Koeman: 'It is always a bad time to face Chelsea because they are the strongest in the Premier League. 'It is a great opportunity for Chelsea after Man City's loss against Burnley and we have to stop them. We have to be patient and good defending will be important for today.' Chelsea seem to enjoy playing in front of their own fans. They have not lost a home match in the Premier League this season - with their only defeat at Stamford Bridge coming against Bradford in the fourth round of the FA Cup. Jose Mourinho: 'I'm not like the wind. I have stability in my relationship with the players. I trust my team. This is why I have gone with 10 of the 11 players which started against PSG.' Cesc Fabregas came in for criticism after Chelsea's defeat by PSG and he has a history of petering out in the second half of the season. Read the evidence here: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2991402/Cesc-Fabregas-history-fading-second-half-season-Chelsea-seen-slump-coming.html . John Terry: 'We came in for a lot of criticism after the PSG game and rightly so. 'If someone would have said at the start of the season that we would have won the Capital One Cup and where we are in the league then we would have bitten your hand off.' Chelsea fans turned up in their droves early on to get a glimpse of the players as they left the team coach. Let's see if the likes of John Terry, Eden Hazard and Co will be able to get out of first gear after stalling against PSG. If you are thinking about making a late trip up to Stamford Bridge without a matchday ticket then you best turn back as today's match is a sell out. However, have no fear as I will be providing live updates on today's early kick-off. Ramires is replaced by fellow countryman Willian in Chelsea's starting line-up after starting against PSG. Chelsea subs: Cech, Filipe Luis, Zouma, Ramires, Cuadrado, Remy, Drogba . Graziano Pelle also drops down to the bench for the Saints as Shane Long is given the nod to lead the line at Stamford Bridge. Southampton subs: K. Davis, Yoshida, Gardos, Djuricic, Ward-Prowse, Pelle, Targett . Chelsea XI: Courtois; Ivanovic, Cahill, Terry, Azpilicueta; Matic, Fabregas; Willian, Oscar, Hazard; Costa . Southampton XI: Forster; Clyne, Fonte, Alderweireld, Bertrand; Wanyama, Schneiderlin; S. Davis, Tadic, Mane; Long . Chelsea's attention switches back to the Barclays Premier League following their disappointing exit from the Champions League on Wednesday. Jose Mourinho's side have the opportunity of extending their lead over Manchester City after Manuel Pellegrini's side slipped up against Burnley. Follow all the action here as Sportsmail provides live commentary of today's match at Stamford Bridge. Chelsea will be hoping to get back to winning ways during Sunday's match against Southampton after crashing out of the Champions League in midweek. The Blues can open up an eight-point lead over current Barclays Premier League champions Manchester City with a victory against Southampton. However Ronald Koeman's side will be no easy ride as they have shown they are capable of mixing it up with the big boys. In fact, they claimed a point against Chelsea on December 28 when the two sides drew 1-1 at St Mary's. | Diego Costa scored his 18th Premier League goal of the season . Dusan Tadic levelled the scoreline in the 19th minute from penalty spot . Nemanja Matic was penalised for foul on Southampton's Sadio Mane . Chelsea XI: Courtois; Ivanovic, Cahill, Terry, Azpilicueta; Matic, Fabregas; Willian, Oscar, Hazard; Costa . Southampton XI: Forster; Clyne, Fonte, Alderweireld, Bertrand; Wanyama, Schneiderlin; S. Davis, Tadic, Mane; Long . Southampton claimed a point against Chelsea at St Mary's in December . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Actress Mariel Hemingway shuns Botox, fillers and facelifts, and chooses to age naturally. The 53-year-old, best known for her portrayal of Woody Allen's teenage lover Tracy in the film Manhattan, shopped makeup free at Erewhon in Calabasas for fresh fruits. Unlike most actresses who fight the ravages of time with the help of more and more surgery, the yoga enthusiast says she uses pumpkin peels and clay masks at night. Getting older in Hollywood is 'hard as hell,' she told People magazine in 2009. Life's the berries: Actress Mariel Hemingway shuns Botox, fillers and facelifts, and chooses to age naturally. She likes her fruit natural too. Unlike many actresses who fight the ravages of time with the help of surgery, the yoga enthusiast says she uses pumpkin peels and clay masks at night . Hemingway was akk decked out at the 2014 Creative Arts Emmy Awards in LA last August . She also admitted to trying Botox, fillers and plumpers but not liking them. Hemingway began her film career at the tender age of 14 in Lipstick in 1976. The film wasn’t considered particularly good but audiences noticed the young Hemingway girl and so did Woody Allen. Two years later, Mariel played a high school student in Manhattan for which she picked up an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Her fresh faced good looks and blonde hair made her a 1980s' sex kitten. In 1983, she acted in the film, Playmate of the Year the story of Dorothy Stratten, a Playboy Playmate in 1979, who died tragically in 1980. For the film role, Mariel opted for a breast augmentation that she later replaced with smaller saline implants. The implants ruptured sending silicone into her blood that took a long time and a lengthy process to get out of her system. She admitted to using Botox injections to reduce facial lines but went public saying they made her face feel ‘all wrong..I felt bloated’. The complications of the breast augmentation put her off on any further extensive cosmetic surgery and made her willing to live with somewhat shocking facial age lines in an industry obsessed with youth. The granddaughter of writer Ernest Hemingway - who defined American fiction in the 20th century - her family history has been plagued by tragedy. Woody Allen plays harmonica to Hemingway in a scene from the 1979 film Manhattan 1979 . She told People magazine that getting older in Hollywood is, "hard as hell." She also admitted to trying Botox, fillers and plumpers but not liking it . Her famous family was haunted by depression, alcoholism, mental illness and five suicides over four generations. Mariel was born in 1961 only a few months after her grandfather Ernest pulled the trigger on a double-barrelled shotgun he had pressed against his forehead and blew his brains out. The idealized life that the writer was selling to the world was a coverup for the truth of his self-dramatisation and a chronic self-identity crisis, his alcoholism, and his attraction to war. His life started to fall apart when he learned his own father had shot himself in the head with a Civil War revolver. Family suicides didn’t end there. Mariel’s old sister, Margaux a very troubled and beautiful fashion model and actress, shockingly committed suicide in 1996. Margaux and another old sister, Joan had both been sexually abused by their father Jack, Ernest’s son. Somehow, Mariel escaped the sexual transgression. Her own family was riddled with alcoholism and arguing. Her younger sister, Muffet, a heavy drug used in her teens, was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and spent years in mental hospitals. Now desperate to escape the cycles of severe mental health issues that have plagued the Hemingways, Mariel has remained strong and committed to a healthy life – and learning how to overcome the family demons. But at a cost of the typical Hollywood root of extensive facial plastic surgery. | Actress Mariel Hemingway, 53, shopped makeup free at Erewhon natural market in Calabasas . The granddaughter of Nobel Prize novelist Ernest Hemingway says that getting older is 'hard as hell' She played fresh-faced high schooler Tracy in Woody's Allen's romantic comedy Manhattan when she was 18 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Smartphone dating app Tinder launched a premium paid subscription version on Monday, but drew criticism over a pricing system that charges older users more. Tinder Plus, which has been tested since late last year, has subscription fees varying by age and country. In the US, users under 30 will pay $9.99 a month and older subscribers $19.99, according to a spokeswoman. Prices will be as low as $2.99 in emerging markets. Scroll down for video . Pay to play: Tinder launched a new paid version of their app on Monday called Tinder Plus. One of the features of the new app include the ability to take back a 'left swipe' - an action with eliminates a potential date. The new service will charge users over 30 $20 a month to use Tinder Plus . The new tiered plan raised some hackles, and the PhoneArena blog wrote that it 'quite frustratingly.. borders on age discrimination.' Tech blog Endgadget decried the pricing scale as 'sleazy.' But a Tinder spokeswoman defended the move. Hooking up all over the world: Another feature of Tinder Plus includes the ability to search for users in other locations, ahead of a vacation for example . 'We've priced Tinder Plus based on a combination of factors, including what we've learned through our testing, and we've found that these price points were adopted very well by certain age demographics,' spokeswoman Rosette Pambakian said in a statement. 'Lots of products offer differentiated price tiers by age, like Spotify does for students, for example. 'Tinder is no different; during our testing we've learned, not surprisingly, that younger users are just as excited about Tinder Plus, but are more budget constrained, and need a lower price to pull the trigger.' The app has spread widely among smartphone users, getting particular attention at the Sochi Olympics when athletes bragged about 'tindering' for fast hookups. 'With Tinder Plus we're giving our users access to their two most-requested features through Passport and Rewind, as well as unlimited liking capabilities.' The 'rewind' feature allows users to 'take back' a swipe, so if someone accidentally swipes left on a picture - rejecting a potential date - he or she can find that person again later. 'Rewind lets you take back your last swipe,' Tinder says. 'If you accidentally swiped left on someone you want to get to know, they're no longer lost in the Tindersphere forever. Now you can get him/her back with the touch of a button.' The 'Passport' feature allows users to change their location to match with people around the world, such as ahead of a planned vacation or business trip. 'Passport lets you change your location to connect with people anywhere around the world. It's like teleporting to a different location,' the blog said. Tinder, owned by the conglomerate IAC, has not confirmed reports saying the free version of its app will include advertising. With apps like Tinder, prospective daters can see pictures of people who are nearby. If they see someone they like, they can swipe right to indicate interest. People who both swipe right on each other's profiles can then contact each other. | The casual dating app launched a premium paid subscription called Tinder Plus on Monday . The new paid version of the app will charge users under 30 $9.99 to use the app and those over 30 $20 a month . Features of Tinder Plus include the ability to search for users in different locations, ahead of a vacation . Users also have the option to take back a 'left swipe' - an action with eliminates a potential date . |
What is pseudoscience? | The demarcation between science and pseudoscience has scientific, philosophical, and political implications. Philosophers debate the nature of science and the general criteria for drawing the line between scientific theories and pseudoscientific beliefs, but there is widespread agreement "that creationism, astrology, homeopathy, Kirlian photography, dowsing, ufology, ancient astronaut theory, Holocaust denialism, Velikovskian catastrophism, and climate change denialism are pseudosciences." There are implications for health care, the use of expert testimony, and weighing environmental policies.Addressing pseudoscience is part of science education and developing scientific literacy | Which is not based on mainstream factual science. |
Locate what the player should defend against in The Last of Us using the sample as a reference, extract them, and place them in a numbered list. | The Last of Us is an action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. The player traverses post-apocalyptic environments such as towns, buildings, forests, and sewers to advance the story. The player can use firearms, improvised weapons, hand-to-hand combat, and stealth to defend against hostile humans and cannibalistic creatures infected by a mutated strain of the Cordyceps fungus. For most of the game, the player takes control of Joel, a man tasked with escorting a young girl, Ellie, across the United States. The player also controls Ellie throughout the game's winter segment and briefly controls Joel's daughter, Sarah, in the opening sequence. | 1. Hostile humans;
2. Cannibalistic creatures infected by a mutated strain of the Cordyceps fungus. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)There is a controversy brewing about Starbucks and its new "Race Together" campaign. The ubiquitous coffee shop company was mocked for its decision to have its employees write the words "race together" on its coffee cups and start a discussion on race. But what's so bad about that? Shouldn't we commend Starbucks for trying to be good corporate citizen, to walk the talk, as it were? Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz announced the company's new campaign this week, which he described as "an opportunity to begin to re-examine how we can create a more empathetic and inclusive society." In other words, grab a cup of coffee and let's talk about race. "We have problems in this country with regard to race and racial inequality," Schultz said in a video to corporate employees. "We believe we're better than this, and we believe the country is better than this. There is a need for compassion, empathy and love towards others." And he has indicated that the new move is not mandatory for its employees. This is what Schultz calls "conscious capitalism." It is an example of businesses who want to serve the community, get ahead of the curve rather than pander to what they think customers want, and show that they care about something other than getting paid. theGrio.com: Creflo Dollar is further proof that prosperity gospel is full of 'false profits' Of course, we would be foolish to think that Starbucks or any company would engage in such a strategy separate and apart from a profit motive. After all, the company, like any other money making enterprise, wants to make more money. And capitalism is all about making money. And yet, there are different pathways to getting there, and maybe Starbucks is showing us a new way. Perhaps you think that their approach is corny, and yes, the company has faced a lot of attacks online for their stance. But the attacks are distracting us from a very important problem, one which many people would rather not discuss, with or without their coffee. Clearly some people do want to talk about race, and there is a desperate need to confront the issue head on. What we are witnessing as a society is a new movement led by black women and spurred by the killing of black people such as Michael Brown and Trayvon Martin, Renisha McBride and Eric Garner, John Crawford and Tamir Rice, and many more, whether by police or by armed vigilantes. theGrio.com: Blacks are treated 72 percent as well as whites . People of all colors and persuasions have participated in #BlackLivesMatter, #ICantBreathe and #HandsUpDontShoot protests and die-ins across the nation. Race is part of the town hall, the public square. It always has been, but what is different now is that the issue is once again being placed on the front burner. It only makes sense that actors and players in society, including corporations such as Starbucks, would want to become part of that new dynamic. At a time when so many corporations are coming under fire for their questionable, exploitative, even deadly business practices, Starbucks is trying to be a responsible corporate citizen and part of the solution. Corporate America makes a great deal of money, and just as some corporations have benefited historically from slave labor and exploitation, some corporations today attempt to get ahead by cutting corners, underpaying their workers with poverty wages, cheating their customers with bad mortgages or polluting the environment. Meanwhile, other companies take a completely different approach and realize that by giving back to the community, supporting worthwhile causes, and initiating important discussions not only helps their bottom line, but improves society's bottom line. Of course, we cannot pretend that having a talk about race over coffee will solve America's problems, just as President Obama's "beer summit" over the racial profiling of Harvard Professor Henry Louis Gates fell short of fully capitalizing on one of those "teachable moments." theGrio.com: Let's stop the 'struggle equation' Race in the United States is not merely about who likes or who doesn't like you, or who calls you the N-word or does not want to live next to you. Racism is a system of power dynamics and institutions that must be made to change. But these institutions are made of people, and people do have to talk. And drink coffee. And who knows what can happen when people start to talk about race? Maybe they will even think about things in a different way. So, let's not attack Starbucks for doing the right thing and getting the ball rolling on race. The only thing worthy of criticism is that other companies haven't done it, and that's something that needs to change. More: What Starbucks' #RaceTogether campaign missed . | Starbucks encouraged baristas to discuss race with customers . David Love: Starbucks deserves credit for tackling race, an issue that Americans need to talk about . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The former boss of Royal Bank of Scotland is set to pocket a £1million bonus from the state-backed lender – two years after he was dramatically forced out of his job by George Osborne. There was growing outrage last night that Stephen Hester will get such a huge sum from a bank that was bailed out by the taxpayer. He could receive more than 500,000 shares in RBS – worth up to £1.9million – as part of a long-term incentive scheme dating from his days in charge. However Mr Hester, who now runs insurance firm RSA, is unlikely to receive the full entitlement because not all the terms have been met. Stephen Hester, left with a Warwickshire Hunt, is set to pocket a £1million bonus from the Royal Bank of Scotland . In January 2012, when he was still at the helm of RBS, Mr Hester turned down a controversial bonus worth almost £1million after caving in to ‘enormous political pressure’ despite the backing of the bank’s board. At the time he was being paid £1.2million a year – or 46 times the average salary of employees in Britain. Mr Hester was brought in to turn around beleaguered RBS after the departure of disgraced predecessor Fred Goodwin. News that he continues to receive millions from his tenure at the bank has sparked fury after RBS last week revealed a seventh consecutive year of annual losses. Andy Silvester of the TaxPayers’ Alliance said: ‘Until RBS is able to stand on its own two feet, it needs to seriously rein in payoffs, bonuses and these long-term incentives. ‘The Chancellor needs to stand up to those in the organisation who seem to have forgotten that taxpayers bailed the bank out. Shareholders must be heard – and at RBS, that includes taxpayers.’ RBS’s earnings have been hammered by a spiralling bill for its past misdemeanours – including those during Mr Hester’s reign. Last week it reported a £3.5billion annual loss and announced that former Financial Services Authority boss Sir Howard Davies will take over from Sir Philip Hampton as chairman. It set aside £2.2billion to cover legal claims, including £320million to pay further fines in the US for rigging foreign currency markets and an extra £400million in the last three months of 2014 for mis-selling payment protection insurance. RBS, which has been propped up by £46billion of taxpayers’ money since the 2008 financial crisis, still has the power to scrap or delay Mr Hester’s bonus. Shareholders have complained for years that it continues to hand ‘extraordinary’ packages to top staff. The Government has a 79 per cent stake in the bank, although it is eager to see it back in private hands. However, with the share price around 370p – still well below the 455p the Treasury needs to recoup its money – a sale remains a long way off. Conservative MP Mark Garnier, a member of the influential Treasury Select Committee, said: ‘Success for RBS will be when it is back in the private sector. So, given the current environment, I don’t think that people should be taking bonuses until such time that it is fully privatised again.’ RBS refused to comment. | Stephen Hester is set to pocket a £1m bonus from Royal Bank of Scotland . Turned down enormous bonus in 2012 after 'enormous political pressure' Critics are outraged taxpayers' money is being used for such incentives . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Conor McGregor grabbed Jose Aldo's belt in front of 5,000 screaming fans on Tuesday night after the UFC featherweight champion declared himself the King of Dublin. On the last stop of an eight-city, three-continent world tour, the challenger revelled in being back in his home city to promote the Las Vegas showdown on July 11. And the friction between the warring pair could lead to a staggering 1 million pay per view buys and a gate of $7m (£4.7m) at the MGM Grand. Conor McGregor grabbed Jose Aldo's belt in front of 5,000 screaming fans on Tuesday night . McGregor, UFC featherweight champion, declared himself the King of Dublin . All appears calm as Aldo (left) and McGregor are paraded on stage in the Irish capital . UFC president Dana White - wearing an Ireland football shirt - steps in as tempers flare onstage . UFC president Dana White, who was wearing an Ireland football shirt, stepped in to prevent the showdown . And after Aldo's taunt in the Irish capital, McGregor said: 'Him? You're looking at the king of Dublin,' before grabbing the belt. UFC president Dana White, who was wearing an Ireland football shirt, stepped in to prevent the featherweight showdown breaking out 14 weeks early as Aldo shouted obscenities in Portuguese while the crowd erupted. Both fighters answered questions from the rather biased crowd before facing off for one final time before they meet again in the summer. McGregor also revealed his plans for a feature-length film of his life following the success of his television show Notorious. 'I’m proud of that show, that wasn’t for nothing. I had full creative control of the show,' he said. 'I want a feature film now, two-and-a-half hours. I want it in cinemas all over the world, finishing my story. 'Long after I’m gone, my story will still be told. White smirks as McGregor hurls a tirade in the direction of his bemused Brazilian opponent . The pair continue to exchange views in a frank fashion in front of 5,000 spectators and the world's media . Aldo has not been beaten for 10 years and has made eight successful defences of his title, but McGregor has no doubt that his reign will soon be over. 'I will hit him, I’m not trying to sell nothing, I’m trying to kill him. It’s not a joke, it’s not an act,' he added. 'I want it, he doesn’t. He doesn’t want to hold onto that belt, it’s a mental sign, I’ve learned he does not want me near him. 'He’s never seen anyone like me. Now I’m here, now he’s keeping quiet. 'He’s banged up badly after every fight. There’s only so much the brain can take when you meet someone like me. He has been through the wars; I don’t have a scratch.' | McGregor played to the 5,000-strong partisan crowd as the pair clashed at a press conference in Dublin . The Brazilian claimed he was the 'king of Dublin' before McGregor grabbed Aldo's UFC featherweight belt with the tension visible between the duo . McGregor's move prompted a burst of blue language from Aldo in Portuguese and the pair almost went to work 14 weeks before their fight . The pair meet in Las Vegas on July 11 at the MGM Grand . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A North Carolina man facing murder charges in the death of a "Food Network Star" contestant had human remains in his woodstove, authorities say. Robert Jason Owens is accused of killing former contestant Cristie Schoen Codd, 38, and her husband, Joseph Codd, 45. Cristie Codd was five months pregnant, according to CNN affiliate WHNS in Greenville, South Carolina. Owens was a contractor and had worked at the couple's home in Leicester, a community 15 miles west of Asheville, authorities said Friday. Relatives reported the Codds missing Sunday after they could not reach either of them. When authorities went to their home, some things looked out of place, which prompted an investigation, according to Buncombe County Sheriff Van Duncan. He did not elaborate on what was unusual, but authorities had said earlier that the couple's cars and dogs were at home. A day after they were reported missing, authorities received a call about suspicious activity around Owens' home in Candler. "They (caller) identified that someone had come out and very suspiciously had left things in a Dumpster," Duncan said. "We responded and were able to locate items that we knew belonged to Cristie Schoen Codd." When investigators did an initial interview with Owens, he confessed to taking items from the victims' home, authorities said. Duncan said they obtained a warrant to search Owens' home and found human remains. "Parts of those were recovered from a woodstove at that residence," Duncan said. Those remains, he said, are undergoing a forensic analysis to determine whether they belong to the Codds. In addition to the remains, Owens' wife told investigators that her husband confessed to killing Joseph Codd, according to the sheriff. Duncan declined to provide details on the motive or whether the suspect confessed to killing Cristie Schoen Codd as well. "From that point, there's not really a whole lot of detail we can get into," he said, citing an ongoing investigation. Owens faces various charges, including two counts of first-degree murder, murder of an unborn child and breaking and entering, according to WHNS. It said Owens allegedly broke into the couple's house and stole a laptop, gun and jewelry, citing investigators. It's unclear who his attorney is. Cristie Codd was a finalist on season eight of "Food Network Star," which airs on the Food Network. | Cristie and Joseph Codd were reported missing Sunday . The suspect had done odd jobs for the couple, authorities say . |
What's a Louisville hot brown? | A Hot Brown sandwich (sometimes known as a Louisville Hot Brown or Kentucky Hot Brown) is an American hot sandwich originally created at the Brown Hotel in Louisville, Kentucky, by Fred K. Schmidt in 1926. It is a variation of traditional Welsh rarebit and was one of two signature sandwiches created by chefs at the Brown Hotel shortly after its founding in 1923. It was created to serve as an alternative to ham and egg late-night dinners.
Ingredients
The Hot Brown is an open-faced sandwich of turkey breast and ham and bacon, covered in creamy Mornay sauce and baked or broiled until the bread is crisp and the sauce begins to brown. Cheddar cheese or American cheese may be added for the sauce. Alternatives for garnishes include tomatoes, mushroom slices, and, very rarely, canned peaches.
Some Hot Browns also include ham with the turkey, and either pimentos or tomatoes over the sauce, and imitation Hot Browns sometimes substitute a commercial cheese sauce instead of the Mornay.
When Fred K. Schmidt created the Hot Brown, its sliced roast turkey was a rarity, as turkey was usually reserved for holiday feasts. The original Hot Brown included the sliced turkey on an open-faced white toast sandwich, with Mornay sauce covering it, with a sprinkling of Parmesan cheese, completed by being oven-broiled until bubbly. Pimento and bacon strips were then added to it. After its debut, it quickly became the choice of 95% of the Brown Hotel's restaurant customers.
The dish is a local specialty and favorite of the Louisville area, and is popular throughout Kentucky. It was long unavailable at its point of origin, as the Brown Hotel was shuttered from 1971 to 1985. | The Hot Brown is an open faced sandwich that is a local speciality throughout Kentucky. It was originally served in 1926 at Louisville's Brown Hotel. The sandwich is a spin on the traditional Welsh Rarebit. It's turkey breast, served open face on white bread, topped with Mornay sauce and run under the broiler until hot and bubbly. Some variations include ham with the turkey, as well as pimentos or tomatoes. |
The paper "Attention is all you need" proposed the Transformer model for the first time, which had a profound impact on the subsequent LLM. Please give the main core idea of Transformer described in this paper | A transformer is a deep learning model that adopts the mechanism of self-attention, differentially weighting the significance of each part of the input data. It is used primarily in the fields of natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV).
Like recurrent neural networks (RNNs), transformers are designed to process sequential input data, such as natural language, with applications towards tasks such as translation and text summarization. However, unlike RNNs, transformers process the entire input all at once. The attention mechanism provides context for any position in the input sequence. For example, if the input data is a natural language sentence, the transformer does not have to process one word at a time. This allows for more parallelization than RNNs and therefore reduces training times.
Transformers were introduced in 2017 by a team at Google Brain and are increasingly becoming the model of choice for NLP problems, replacing RNN models such as long short-term memory (LSTM). The additional training parallelization allows training on larger datasets. This led to the development of pretrained systems such as BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) and GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), which were trained with large language datasets, such as the Wikipedia Corpus and Common Crawl, and can be fine-tuned for specific tasks. | This paper is by Vaswani, Ashish & Shazeer, Noam & Parmar, Niki & Uszkoreit, Jakob & Jones, Llion & Gomez, Aidan & Kaiser, Lukasz & Polosukhin, Illia. and published in 2017. It laid the foundation for the subsequent GPT series of models and BERT series of models. The GPT model uses the decoder part of Transfomer, while the BERT model uses the encoder part of Transfomer. The main core architecture of the Transformer model includes: Self-Attention Mechanism, Positional Encoding, Encoder-Decoder Architecture, Multi-Head Attension.
Transformer effectively solves the difficult parallel problem of the previous RNN/LSTM model by using the Attention mechanism. Using Self-Attention solves the problem of limited labeled data in NLP. The sequence information in the input text is preserved through Positional Encoding. And Multi-Head Attention allows Transformer to learn different patterns of training data similar to Channel concept in CNN model. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)The HBO documentary "Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck" is already drawing rave reviews on the film festival circuit, including sold-out showings at both Sundance and the True/False fests before its television premiere on May 4th. However, anticipation for the film's soundtrack is about to hit fever pitch as director Brett Morgen revealed that the accompanying album will feature "a mind-blowing 12-minute acoustic Cobain unheard track," the filmmaker tweeted (via Loudwire). Kurt Cobain documentary set to premiere at Sundance . Morgen didn't share any other details regarding the song other than it will feature on the "Montage of Heck" soundtrack. While an April 7th release date has been scheduled for the film's companion book, which features "a mixture of animation stills, rare photography and other treasures from Kurt Cobain's personal archive," no date or further information has been announced regarding the film's soundtrack. Kurt Cobain doc 'Montage of Heck' adds rarities-filled companion book . Rolling Stone talked to Morgen at the Sundance Film Festival, and the filmmaker revealed that the documentary's score "is all unreleased Cobain music." "They don't have titles. Before people saw the movie, there were these weird press releases focusing on the unreleased music. And it's like: It's a movie. We're not going to stop it and play a song for four minutes," Morgen said. "But nobody in Kurt's life — not his management, wife, bandmates — had ever heard his Beatles thing [a snippet of 'And I Love Her']. I found it on a random tape. It's a Paul [McCartney] song. How's that for shattering the myth?" Sundance 2015: Intimate 'Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck' doc stuns at premiere . Morgen added that he hoped to put out one of the Cobain's personal cassettes - "Tape 59: Montage of Heck" - as a special release on "Independent Record Store day, like unannounced, but it didn't happen." See the original story at RollingStone.com. Copyright © 2015 Rolling Stone. | The album will feature a 12-minute acoustic Cobain unheard track . The doc is already winning rave reviews . Filmmaker wants to release one of the Cobain's personal cassettes . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Scotland international Geoff Cross has completed his year-long beard growing fundraiser after it was shaved off at his club's training ground on Tuesday. The London Irish prop created a lot of interest during the Six Nations championship with the beard and has raised £10,000 for rugby's children's charity Wooden Spoon - dedicated to transforming the lives of disadvantaged children and young people across the British Isles through rugby. His efforts are also helping raise funds for his former club-mate at Edinburgh, John Houston, who is seeking £50,000 to compete in the Wooden Spoon Arctic Rugby Challenge. The before and after shots of Geoff Cross as the Scotland international had his beard shaved off on Tuesday . Cross sits in his chair as he gets ready to have his beard shaved off at the London Irish training ground . Cross's London Irish team-mate Leo Halavatan helps to shave the famous beard off . Cross's efforts raised £10,000 for rugby's children's charity Wooden Spoon . Setting off on April 15, the challenge aims to set a world record for the most northerly rugby match in history after a trek of 100 miles to the magnetic North Pole. When asked if he did indeed have the greatest beard in rugby, Cross said: 'It's really not my place to say but I'm very proud of it. Scotland prop Cross poses with his now detached beard hair after it was shaved off on Tuesday . Cross is pictured in action during Scotland's Six Nations clash against England at Twickenham . Cross tackles England's Tom Wood to the ground during Scotland's defeat at Twickenham earlier this month . 'My wife is really pleased it's going. It has been a long-suffering year for my long-suffering wife.' To donate, visit justgiving.com/drx . | Geoff Cross had his beard shaved off at the London Irish training ground . The Scotland international had grown the beard for a year . It raised £10,000 for rugby's children's charity Wooden Spoon . |
Who was Raghib Pasha? | Isma'il ibn Ahmad ibn Hassan bani Yani (Arabic: إسماعيل بن أحمد بن حسن بني يني), known simply as Isma'il Ragheb Pasha (Arabic: إسماعيل راغب باشا) (1819–1884), was a Greek Ottoman politician who served as a Prime Minister of Egypt and held several other high-ranking government positions.
Isma'il Ragheb was of Greek ancestry and was born in Greece on 18 August 1819 on either the island of Chios following the great massacre of Candia, Crete. After being kidnapped to Anatolia he was brought to Egypt as a slave by Ibrahim Pasha in 1830 and was converted to Islam. Immediately following his arrival, he studied at al-Maktab al-Amiri and obtained his advanced degree in 1834. He was fluent in Greek and was elevated to the rank of First Lieutenant by Egypt's viceroy Muhammad Ali Pasha. In 1836, he became head of the Accounting and Revenue Agencies. He was promoted to the rank of bikbashi (Lieutenant Colonel) in 1840, then kaymakam (Colonel) in 1844, and finally amiralay (Brigadier General) in 1846.[citation needed]
He held the positions of Minister of Finance (1858–1860), then Minister of War (1860–1861).[citation needed] He became Inspector for the Maritime Provinces in 1862, and later Assistant (Arabic: باشمعاون) to viceroy Isma'il Pasha (1863–1865). He was granted the title of beylerbey and then appointed President of the Privy council in 1868. He was appointed President of the Chamber of Deputies (1866–1867), then Minister of Interior in 1867, then Minister of Agriculture and Trade in 1875.[citation needed] He again held the Finance portfolio in Muhammad Sharif Pasha's first government (1879). After the fall of Mahmoud Sami el-Baroudi's government, Isma'il Ragheb became Prime Minister of Egypt in 1882.[citation needed] Although his government was short-lived (it lasted from 17 June to 21 August only), it was the only one to present concrete programs. His achievements include the modernisation of the budget through the inventory of revenues and expenses, the Law on Salaries, and the La'eha Sa'ideyya as well as several agricultural laws.[citation needed]
Isma'il Ragheb died in 1884.[citation needed] | Raghib Pasha was a Greek Ottoman politician who served in various roles in Egypt during the mid to late 1800s, including Prime Minister of Egypt for a brief period. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester City are offering free coach travel to fans travelling to Crystal Palace for their Bank Holiday Monday clash. The match kicks off at 8pm in the capital, meaning supporters would have no chance of getting back to Manchester on the train following the game. As a result, the Premier League champions have stepped in and are putting on transport themselves, free of charge. Manchester City fans have been offered free coach travel for their match to Crystal Palace in April . Manuel Pellegrini's side travel to Selhurst Park for an 8pm kick-off on Bank Holiday Monday . City have been given 2,500 tickets for the televised clash at Selhurst Park on Easter Monday. However, sections of the club's support had threatened to boycott the match in protest at what they believe to be inconsiderate scheduling. A statement on the club's website reads: 'To thank fans for their unwavering support throughout the season, we are pleased to announce we will be offering free round-trip coach travel for our Easter Monday fixture against Crystal Palace on 6 April, which kicks-off at 8pm. City fans would be unable to watch the entire match and then catch a train home to Manchester . Last time Manchester City went to Selhurst Park, Yaya Toure scored in a 2-0 victory over the Eagles . 'With the end of the season rapidly approaching, this game is sure to be a memorable one and you’re not going to want to miss it.' In September, City officials slashed ticket prices by 50 per cent for their trip to Arsenal. Travelling fans were set to be charged £64.00 for an adult ticket, while over-65 seats were priced at £27.25 and the under-16 bracket was set at £24.00. City, however, subsidised the prices for season-ticket holders by 50 per cent meaning they were charged £32 for an adult ticket, £13.62 for an over 65 ticket and £12 for a junior ticket. | Manchester City travel to Crystal Palace for an 8pm kick-off on April 6 . City fans would have no way of getting home on the train after the game . As a result, the club are laying on free coach travel for supporters . The champions have been given 2,500 tickets for the televised clash . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester City news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Crisis-hit Serie A club Parma have suffered another blow with the arrest of the club’s new owner and president Giampietro Manenti. Italy’s financial police said Manenti was accused of investing illicit money and say he was one of 22 people arrested on Wednesday. According to La Gazzetta dello Sport, Manenti is under investigation for various acts of financial irregularity including money laundering and fraud. Parma's new president Giampietro Manenti was arrested for alleged involvement in money laundering . Manenti took over as Parma’s new owner and president last month, agreeing to pay off the club’s debts, which are estimated at nearly 100 million euros (£72.4m). Players haven’t been paid in months, however, and a bankruptcy hearing has been set for Thursday. Parma captain Alessandro Lucarelli said: ‘I hope sooner or later this all ends because honestly we can’t take any more.’ Manenti became the third owner of Parma this season after purchasing the club for a nominal sum from a Russian-Cypriot group in February. Parma captain Alessandro Lucarelli (left) admits the players are struggling to deal with the club's predicament . Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Giampietro Manenti took over as Parma's new owner last month . Serie A side have not paid their players in months . A bankruptcy hearing for the club has been set for Thursday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Officials in Indiana knew that a 16-year-old mentally disabled girl was being subjected to appalling neglect four years before she was rushed to hospital covered in feces and weighing just 35lb. The girl was in such a grave condition that she was put on life support at Peyton Manning Children’s Hospital in Indianapolis last December. The victim is the granddaughter of Steve Sells, 58, who, along with his wife, Joetta, 54, and their daughter, Crystal, 21, has been charged with neglect. 'Cruel': Steve and Joetta Sells were granted custody in 2009 when their daughter, Crystal, abandoned her child . Scene: Sells allegedly locked his granddaughter in an upstairs bedroom without enough heat. When detectives searched the house, they found a mattress, a bucket and a bowl of oatmeal in the bedroom . Court documents indicate that the teenager was brutally beaten by her caretakers, lodged on a blood-and-feces-stained mattress and forced to eat human waste and go to the bathroom in a bucket. Now it transpires that the Indiana Department of Child Services (DCS) first learnt of her ordeal as far back as 2010, with the teenager’s harrowing plight brought to the attention of authorities multiple times since, according to the Indystar.com. It claims that according to DCS records dated September 21, 2010, someone told the body that the victim, then 11, was ‘very malnourished’, had a bruise on her check and had not been seen in school. The DCS told the family it was going to investigate the claims, citing ‘serious medical concerns’. Records show that Steve Sells was ‘extremely hostile’ in meeting about the allegations, but agreed with his wife to co-operate, taking his granddaughter to a doctor and dietician several times. In November the DCS moved to dismiss the case, Indystar.com reports, due to lack of evidence. Third suspect: Crystal Sells, 21, has been charged with seven counts of battery, confinement and neglect targeting her mentally-disabled 16-year-old niece living with Crystal's parents . But a report landed on their doormat again the following October claiming that the pair were keeping the girl prisoner in her room for days at a time without food and denying her access to a toilet. The family claimed that the girl was being kept locked up for her own safety. In November 2011 the DCS closed its investigation, saying that it didn’t have enough evidence to prosecute the family. Last December the girl was taken to St. Vincent Hospital in Anderson covered in feces and so thin that police said bone were protruding from her skin. She was then flown to Peyton Manning Children's Hospital in Indianapolis in critical condition. In January Crystal Sells was arrested on seven counts of battery, confinement and aiding/inducing or causing the neglect of a dependent causing serious bodily injury. Investigators say Sells played a major role in the abuse targeting her special-needs niece. The arrest came a month after Steve Sells and his wife Joetta were charged with neglect. According to probable cause affidavits, Crystal Sells was seen on one occasion striking her mentally disabled relative in the head with a plastic chair, WISH-TV reported. When questioned by police, Miss Sells admitted to the abuse and said that even after she had realized that what was being done to the girl was wrong, she did nothing to stop it. ‘There were clearly times over the course of the four years where she was involved in the batteries, she was involved in the criminal confinement and she clearly could have gotten help for this young girl if she chose to and did not,’ said Madison County Prosecutor Rodney Cummings. Court documents show that Joetta and Crystal Sells waited three hours to call an ambulance after the girl was found unresponsive December 1, giving them enough time to come up with a plausible story in order to avoid prison time, according to a relative. That same relative said the women seemed more distraught by the prospect of going to jail than the girl’s appalling condition. Steve Sells, the girl's legal guardian since 2009, was initially charged with 12 counts of neglect and battery. He was hit with additional charges of theft, perjury and welfare fraud for allegedly misusing his granddaughter's Social Security benefits totaling $55,000, according to WTHR. Jannifer Sells and her fiance said they want the girl to come live with them once she feels better . His wife faces 11 felonies counts of neglect of a dependent, criminal confinement and battery resulting in bodily injury. The couple are being held on $100,000 bonds. Mr Sells was awarded custody of the girl after claiming that his daughter, Jannifer Sells, had abandoned her . Speaking to Fox 59 in January, Miss Sells said she was shocked to discover that her father allegedly had been abusing his own granddaughter. In December doctors at Peyton Manning Children’s Hospital recommended taking the teenager off life support, so grave was her condition, but around New Year’s Eve she rallied. She is now said to be awake and capable of getting out of bed. Jannifer Sells and her husband-to-be Anthony Gaw said they want the girl to come live with them once she regains her health. The Sells family allegedly kept the teenager locked in a room with only a mattress, space heater, blankets, a bowl with oatmeal and a bucket, according to the documents first shared by Fox59 in December. Authorities noted that the door had a lock at the top, out of reach of the teenager, and another child at the home said Sells would lock the door 'during the day and nights'. The child told authorities that they would sometimes see the girl's fingers reaching around the door, in an apparent attempt to get out, the documents said. Everything inside the room was covered with feces and blood, authorities said. The gruesome conditions were unearthed after concerned relatives took the girl to hospital December 1 and doctors contacted authorities. They then executed a search warrant at the home. 'If you see pictures of the victim, it's very disturbing,' Sgt. Joel Sandefur said told the Indy Channel. 'We wouldn't accept treatment of an animal that way, let alone a human being, a 15-year-old girl.' The teenager and a four-year-old child moved in with the couple when their mother abandoned them four years ago, according to the court documents. The older girl, whose grandfather said suffers from a chromosome problem in her brain, was kept locked up inside the room by Steve Sells, according to his wife of six years. She had not been to the doctors or to school in two years, the Indy Channel reported. He told authorities he locked her in the room to protect himself, claiming that the 35lb girl was strong and had previously approached him with a knife. Neighbor Thomas McAllister told said that Sells and his wife lived at the home with their three children. He said that Sells had always given the impression he was a caring father. 'That is mind boggling,' he added. 'That is just disgusting and no child should have to go through anything like that.' Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Teenage girl taken to hospital in 2014 covered in feces and weighting 35Ibs . Her granddad, his wife, and their daughter have been charged with neglect . She was put on life support at Peyton Manning Children's Hospital . Teen was brutally beaten and forced to eat human waste, say court papers . Indiana Department of Child Services knew of abuse in 2010, reportedly . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Caretaker boss Kenny McDowall fears Rangers could be run out of the play-offs entirely – after they threw away a late lead against Queen of the South to draw 1-1. On a night when John Greig, Walter Smith and John Brown returned to sit in the main stand alongside the new board - following the suspension of their predecessors earlier in the day - the team couldn’t match the renewed sense of optimism around Ibrox. Dropping another two points not only means Hearts can win the Championship title before the month is out, it also keeps Rangers in third place behind Hibs - with last night’s visitors only six points adrift. Kenny McDowall issues instructions to his layers during the 1-1 draw with Queen of the South . McDowall says his side must be wary of Queen of the South in fourth and Falkirk in fifth . Asked if he thought that either the Dumfries side or Falkirk could pip his team to the final play-off spot, McDowall said: ‘There is every chance. They are playing for the play-offs as much as we are. So we can’t be disrespectful of them. ‘Queen of the South are a good side, as are Falkirk. They are looking to win games like we’re looking to win games. We’ve got to work harder to turn it about. ‘I think it’s going to go right to the wire, the play-off places, without a shadow of a doubt. We have to find a formula to get winning again, We are stuttering along. ‘We’re not doing enough in front of goal and obviously not doing well enough to defend our goal. It’s nothing other than hard work until we get back to winning games.’ McDowall, who has won only three of his 10 games in charge since stepping in for Ally McCoist, said he hadn’t yet been told if the new board had accepted the resignation he handed to the previous regime. Rangers midfielder Haris Vuckic, on loan from Newcastle, celebrates putting the home side ahead at Ibrox . Young Queen of the South striker Aidan Smith (centre) wheels away to celebrate after scoring a late leveller . ‘No - I would expect them to come to me, as opposed me going to them,’ he said. ‘I’ve got games to concentrate on with the team, I’m here to do that. I’m sure if the board want to keep me they’ll come and speak to me.’ A cool Haris Vuckic finish following a goalmouth scramble with 13 minutes remaining should have been enough to give Rangers an ill-deserved three points from a bitty performance. But Queens equalised three minutes from time, 17-year-old sub Aidan Smith on the spot – and granted plenty of time - to bury the rebound from a Michael Paton shot following a defensive mistake by home sub Bilel Moshni. The home team left the field to a smattering of boos from the second biggest Ibrox crowd of the season. McDowall said: ‘It’s very disappointing, when supporters had come out, the new board is in place and the stadium is full. You get the lead and you are hoping to see it out – and don’t do it through poor, poor defending.’ Rangers legend John Greig was in the stands at Ibrox for Tuesday night's Scottish Championship clash . Vuckic celebrates hos goal with substitute Bilel Mohsni (left), Nicky Clark and Darren McGregor . Queens moved a point clear in the fourth and final play-off spot, although boss James Fowler believed his team could have won, declaring: ‘It would have been a travesty had we not got anything out of it. We were the better team and had the better chances. ‘But the boys reacted well after going behind and we are delighted young Aidan got the goal. ‘Rangers came out fast but we then controlled the game and some of our passing was excellent. We are happy with the point but, being greedy, I’d have liked the three. It’s still going to be difficult to make the play-offs. There are a few clubs in there but we will keep going.’ Goalscorer Smith, making just his second appearance for the club, said: ‘It’s the best feeling ever. The ball just fell at my feet and I managed to lift it over the keeper. I actually thought Michael Paton was going to score before I did. My dad was in the crowd tonight but I haven’t yet had a chance to speak to him. My mum was due to be here but she cancelled and she’ll be gutted about that now!’ | Rangers drew 1-1 with Queen of the South on Tuesday night . Ibrox club are two points behind Hibernian with a game in hand . Queen of the South are six points adrift of Rangers in fourth . Caretaker Kenny McDowall says his side must be wary of teams below . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Daley Blind's only previous visit to Anfield came as a wide-eyed 10-year-old when his footballing father Danny secured tickets for a game against Arsenal from Jari Litmanen, a former team-mate who had signed for Liverpool. Among the players on view were Steven Gerrard, Michael Owen and Thierry Henry. 'It left a great impression on me,' said Blind. 'As a young boy from Holland who loved football, I just took everything in. The crowd noise and atmosphere were crazy. It was a special day.' At lunchtime on Sunday, Blind will return to Anfield for the first time with his new Manchester United team-mates. This year's clash carries even greater significance than usual with a Champions League place at stake and for Blind it carries on the family tradition of being involved in big matches. Daley Blind (right) will play at Anfield for the first time with Manchester United on Sunday afternoon . Blind is enjoying his time in Manchester but admits he had to adapt to the pace of the Premier League . The 25-year-old scores his first goal for United to salvage a 2-2 draw against West Brom in October last year . His father played 42 times for Holland and was captain of Ajax's legendary 1995 Champions League-winning side alongside Patrick Kluivert, Edgar Davids and Edwin van der Sar. It was a first major triumph for an emerging manager called Louis van Gaal who clearly likes the Blind family. Almost two decades later, he selected Daley for Holland's World Cup team last summer and then signed him for Manchester United in a £14million deal from Ajax. It has been an eventful debut in the Premier League for both of them. Manchester United's results have been far better than last season when they finished seventh under David Moyes. They visit Anfield having lost just twice in 19 league games. At the same time, their performances until last weekend's 3-0 victory against Spurs had been patchy with new signings like Angel di Maria and Radamel Falcao struggling. Blind has been a steadying influence, his versatility useful as Van Gaal has tried to juggle injuries and suspensions. The 25-year-old has been used mostly as a holding midfielder but with Michael Carrick returning last weekend, he switched to left back as United turned in their best performance of the season. Blind says his manager is essentially the same person in England as when he took Holland to the World Cup semi-final. Blind talks with his dad, Holland coach Danny, during a training session at last summer's World Cup in Brazil . The Holland international believes he is similar to his dad when out on the football pitch . Blind, pictured alongside Radamel Falcao, was one of a number of summer signings made by Louis van Gaal . Blind screams with delight after curling the ball into the bottom corner of Boaz Myhill's net at the Hawthorns . 'People only think he's intimidating because he is honest. He is honest to people,' explained Blind. 'Yeah, sometimes the truth can be hard to some players or people. But I really like that in a person and especially in a manager. 'Every player knows their job, what they have to do in training and matches. It is very clear and I think that makes everything a bit easier for players. As a team we believe in his philosophy. 'It is a good feeling for a player if you know where you stand. Sometimes it can be a bit frightening when somebody is really honest but I think it is positive. I don't get any special treatment, definitely not. I make mistakes, too, and I try to learn when he says something. It can look as if he is angry but he is trying to make you better. He does that from a football perspective, it's not personal. He treats everybody the same.' In keeping with United's season, Blind has experienced highs and lows. A knee injury that kept him out for six weeks in the autumn was frustrating. When fit, he has weighed in with important goals at West Brom and West Ham and last week was vital in the Spurs win, with Luke Shaw and Marcos Rojo unavailable. It was seen as a return to the old, swashbuckling United. Blind doesn't think it's that simple. He believes United didn't change their approach much, the major difference was getting two early goals. United boss Louis van Gaal has tried to implement his own philosophy at Old Trafford this season . Louis van Gaal is pictured with Danny Blind and Ajax chairman Michael van Praag back in 1994 . Blind, pictured in action against Tottenham, has proved his versatility under Van Gaal this season . Danny Blind leads his son out during his Ajax days (left) and lifts the Champions League trophy in 1995 . The Dutchman looks dejected alongside Wayne Rooney and Tyler Blackett during defeat by Leicester . 'Everything came together. We tried to play attacking football. But there were still moments we used David de Gea to switch play or had to show patience. But of course when you are leading 3-0 at half time it is a lot easier because the fans are excited. I think we have played better and better in recent weeks, against Spurs maybe we did it for longer.' The cries of 'attack, attack' heard from United fans this season are meant to lift the players. But Blind says the team have to use their heads in matches, too. 'Of course, you go on the pitch feeling you want to win. Every game is difficult in the Premier League, you have to be also smart in the games. 'Sometimes you need to have composure. Against Tottenham, we attacked them in the first half. Then in the second half, we let them come at us a bit more and played from there. I think we can play different styles.' That adaptability is one of the reasons Van Gaal signed Blind rather than any other member of his Dutch World Cup squad. He has proved invaluable in a season where United have suffered an unprecedented number of injuries and said: 'I think I am a player who can switch really fast in my mind. For me, it is not an issue where to play. I know what you have to do in each position. I think it is an advantage for me.' Blind has been particularly impressed with Manchester United's travelling support since joining the club . Blind (back row, second from right) left Ajax for Old Trafford in a £14million deal late last summer . The former Ajax man was a key part of Van Gaal's squad as Holland reached the World Cup semi-finals . Danny Blind and his son pose in front of Christ the Redeemer in Rio during the 2014 World Cup in Brazil . Van Gaal described Daley's father as the best leader he's ever had — some claim when he has managed at Bayern Munich and Barcelona. Daley says he has inherited characteristics from both parents. 'I think on the pitch I am more like my dad. Calm and thinking about stuff. Off the pitch with my friends, I am more like my mum. She says things straight away, very direct. I can speak sometimes without thinking. 'I was five when my dad won the Champions League. I can't remember watching it live on the television but, growing up, I saw all the videos and dreamed it might be me one day. I am proud of his achievements and proud to carry the name Blind. 'I guess I must have seen Louis van Gaal as a boy when I'd go to watch my father train but I can't remember anything specific. I first got to know him with the Dutch team. 'When Louis van Gaal tells me things, I think it might be the same advice he used to give my father!' Daley and Danny also work together with their national team where Danny is a coach and tipped to be manager. 'Sometimes I prefer to speak to the other trainers,' laughs the younger Blind. 'If he's close by, I might whisper "Dad". The other players think it's funny, they accept it.' Danny is also a regular visitor to watch his son play at Old Trafford but won't be at Anfield on Sunday afternoon. Blind netted another late equaliser for Manchester United in their 1-1 draw at West Ham in February . Marouane Fellaini celebrates with his team-mate Blind after his crucial strike at Upton Park . Blind only knew compatriot Robin van Persie and Andreas Pereira before he joined United last summer . Off the field, Daley has settled in well and chosen to live in a city-centre apartment rather than a sprawling footballers' wives pad in Cheshire. 'I like people around me and everything within walking distance,' he says. 'Occasionally people want to take a picture on the street but that's not a problem. I liked Amsterdam and I like Manchester, they suit me.' It also gives Blind peace of mind that his girlfriend is in a safe environment when he is away with the United squad. For someone who knew only two of United's players when he arrived — national team-mate Robin van Persie and youngster Andreas Pereira, who started his career in Holland — Blind has acclimatised well. One of his social objectives is to try to find time to restart golf lessons. He has been in England nearly eight months now. 'The best thing for me is the amount of away fans that follow United. The stands are always full, it was a big surprise when I first saw that,' he said. 'On the pitch, the pace and power of matches was new for me, box-to-box. My first game at home to QPR wasn't the quickest but I still felt more tired than after any Ajax match. When we played at Manchester City and had a red card (Chris Smalling), wow, the intensity but I think I coped well.' If a problem does arise, his manager is an important safety net. 'He is personal, any player can always reach him if they want to,' he says. And the result when Blind visited Anfield just over 14 years ago? Liverpool lost 2-1. A repeat on Sunday would leave United with one foot firmly in the Champions League. Like father, like son. | Daley Blind and Manchester United take on Liverpool at Anfield on Sunday . The Dutchman says he likes manager Louis van Gaal's honest style . Van Gaal led Daley's father, Danny, to the Champions League in 1995 . The 25-year-old believes he is similar to his dad when out on the pitch . Blind has settled in England well and loves playing in the Premier League . |
Give a short bulleted list of the academic positions held by Sechrest. Each bullet should have the name of the university and the titles that Sechrest had in that university. | Sechrest joined the faculty of Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) in 1956 as an assistant professor of psychology. He left Penn State in 1958 to become an assistant professor at Northwestern University, where he was promoted to associate professor in 1964 and to full professor in 1967. In 1973, he became a professor of psychology at Florida State University, and in 1980, he was named director of the Center for Research on the Utilization of Scientific Knowledge in the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. In 1984, he joined the University of Arizona as professor and chair of the Department of Psychology, serving as department chair until 1989. He served as president of the Society of Clinical Psychology (Division 12 of the American Psychological Association) in 1985. He continued to serve as an active faculty member at the University of Arizona until 2002, whereupon he became an emeritus professor there. | - Pennsylvania State University : assistant professor
- Northwestern University: assistant professor, associate professor, full professor
- Florida State University: professor of psychology
- University of Michigan: director of the Center for Research on the Utilization of Scientific Knowledge in the Institute for Social Research
- University of Arizona: professor, chair of the department of Pshychology, emeritus professor |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | March 26, 2015 . Almost a year after the controversial prisoner exchange that freed him, U.S. Army Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl has been charged with desertion and misbehavior before the enemy. Get a recap of the events that led to yesterday's development. Also covered: the planned merger between two U.S. food companies, an annual migration of sharks, and the sinking levels of the world's lowest lake. On this page you will find today's show Transcript and a place for you to request to be on the CNN Student News Roll Call. TRANSCRIPT . Click here to access the transcript of today's CNN Student News program. Please note that there may be a delay between the time when the video is available and when the transcript is published. CNN Student News is created by a team of journalists who consider the Common Core State Standards, national standards in different subject areas, and state standards when producing the show. ROLL CALL . For a chance to be mentioned on the next CNN Student News, comment on the bottom of this page with your school name, mascot, city and state. We will be selecting schools from the comments of the previous show. You must be a teacher or a student age 13 or older to request a mention on the CNN Student News Roll Call! Thank you for using CNN Student News! | This page includes the show Transcript . Use the Transcript to help students with reading comprehension and vocabulary . At the bottom of the page, comment for a chance to be mentioned on CNN Student News. You must be a teacher or a student age 13 or older to request a mention on the CNN Student News Roll Call. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Isis militants threatened to give anyone caught watching last Sunday's Real Madrid versus Barcelona football match 80 lashes. The group has imposed a strict ban against any entertainment including music and football which it considers a 'product of the decadent West.' Clerics issued the edict across all the Isis-held territories in Syria and Northern Iraq including the city of Mosul which has been governed as per the strict dictates of Sharia since it was taken under Isis control in June. Islamic State banned anyone watching the Real Madrid versus Barcelona football match last Sunday (pictured is Luis Suarez celebrating his goal at the game) It is not yet known if anyone was caught watching the match where Barcelona secured a 2.1 win over Real Madrid with Luis Suarez's second-half winner. A Kudistan Democratic Party source told The Sun: 'IS prohibits watching and playing any sport, particularly football as it seen as a product of the decadent West.' In January, Isis militants executed 13 teenage boys for watching the Asian Cup football match between Iraq and Jordan last week. The young football fans had been caught watching the game on television in Mosul, which is controlled by the Islamic State. The teenagers were rounded up and publicly executed by a firing squad using machine guns, anti-ISIS activist group Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently reports. Horrifying: ISIS militants rounded up the 13 teenage boys, whose only crime was watching football on television, and executed then by firing squad in Mosul, and Iraqi city under ISIS control (stock image) Crime: The teenagers had been watching this game between Jordan and Iraq in the Asian Cup, which took place in Brisbane, Australia on January 12 . It noted that 'the bodies of the dead boys were left in the open', as ISIS had warned anyone from touching their bodies. Last month the militant group imposed a curfew in the city of Tel Abiad North of Raqqa province, according to Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently - a small activist collective which secretly documents the shocking violence and oppression ISIS has brought to their home city. The curfew, from eleven at night until six in the morning, prevented civilians from exiting their houses under any circumstances. | Isis imposed a strict ban on Real Madrid versus Barcelona football match . Militants threatened to give 80 lashes to anyone caught watching Sunday's game . Group said they considered football a 'product of the decadent West' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)In an unusual turn of events last week, a terror plot suspect's desire to talk to local media put him at odds with his attorneys and landed a Cincinnati television station in federal court. At issue was a taped audio interview with Christopher Cornell and whether the station could broadcast that interview. Cornell is accused of plotting to attack the U.S. Capitol. The 20-year-old -- who claims in the interview that he is affiliated with ISIS -- was arrested on January 14, months after his social media habits and talk of jihad put him on the FBI's radar, according to court documents obtained by CNN at the time of his arrest. Two days after his arrest, a court order was issued barring public contact with Cornell, who is being held at the Boone County Jail across the river in Kentucky. Last week, Cornell made a collect call to CNN affiliate WXIX, said news director Kevin Roach. That phone call initiated what ended up being an hourlong interview, Roach said. Cornell's attorney, Richard Smith-Monahan, argued that WXIX was in contempt of court for violating a January order "directing the detention facility holding the Defendant not to permit outside contact by anyone with the Defendant without [defense counsel's] express approval." Cornell spoke with reporter Tricia Macke. In that interview, he refuses to tell Macke how or when he first came in contact with ISIS, but he did give the reporter details on a plot to kill President Barack Obama, members of Congress, as well as an attack on the Israeli Embassy in Washington. "I would have took my gun," he said. "I would have put it to Obama's head. I would have pulled the trigger. Then I would unleash more bullets on the Senate and House of Representative members. And I would have attacked the Israeli Embassy and various other buildings full of Kafir who want to wage war against us Muslims." When Macke asked him why he would plot such an attack, he said "Obama is an enemy of Allah, therefore an enemy of us, of Islamic State." He said his plan for an attack on the U.S. Capitol was retaliation for "the continued American aggression against our people and the fact that America, specifically President Obama, wants to wage war against Islamic State." Cornell told Macke he was planning what would have been a "major attack" to take place in Washington on September 20, repeatedly referring to himself as a member of ISIS. "I'm with the Islamic State," he said at one point. "I have connections with many brothers over there. We've been corresponding for quite some time now, actually. The FBI finally caught on this past year." Cornell told Macke that he used "encrypted messaging" to communicate with ISIS members. He said they discussed "how we should wage jihad in America. We should form our own groups and alliances with the Islamic State," he continued. Cornell said he was serious about his plans. "I'm very dedicated," he told Macke. "Like I said, I'm a Muslim. I'm so dedicated that I risked my life. That should say a whole lot." He also warned that there were others like himself. "We are indeed here in America," he said. "We're in each and every state. We're here in Ohio. We're more organized than you think." The interview was taped in three 20-minute segments and was recorded by the jail and WXIX. Roach said the jail's taping system only allows for 20 minutes of taping at one time, so each time the recording would stop and the phone call ended, Cornell called the station back to tell his side of the story. CNN listened to the audio recording. During the 6:30 p.m. newscast on Thursday, the station aired a brief clip of the audio recording, previewing a longer story that was to air later that night, in the 10 p.m. newscast. According to Mike Allen, legal analyst and attorney for WXIX, a producer from the station called him about 7:30 Thursday evening; Cornell's attorney had filed a "show of cause" order in Cincinnati's federal court and an emergency hearing was scheduled for 8:30 p.m. During that hearing, the judge continued the case for Friday morning and WXIX agreed to delay broadcasting the interview until Friday, pending a decision. In addition to the contempt of court argument, Smith-Monahan was also asking the court to issue a restraining order against the station, an order that would keep the station from broadcasting the interview with Cornell, according to court documents. During the hearing, which lasted five hours, a lieutenant at the Boone County facility testified that one of Cornell's attorneys had given him a phone. In that testimony the lieutenant stated that he reminded the attorney that giving Cornell a phone meant he would be able to call anyone he wanted to, which seemed at odds with the spirit of the January court order. At the end of Friday's hearing, U.S. District Judge Sandra Beckwith ruled that the order prohibiting Cornell from contact with the public was vaguely written and the station was not in violation of the order. Additionally, the judge ruled it would be unconstitutional for the news station to be barred from broadcasting the interview, according to Allen. The judge also stated in court that while Cornell has the right to remain silent, he also has the right to freedom of speech. "At the end of the day, the judge made the right decision," Allen said. CNN on Saturday reached out to Smith-Monahan, Cornell's defense attorney, but so far has received no response. WXIX aired a portion of the interview on Friday night, and plans to broadcast more this week. CNN's Vivian Kuo contributed to this report. | Cincinnati reporter interviews Christopher Cornell on the phone . Cornell is accused of plotting an attack on the U.S. Capitol . Cornell claims to have ties to ISIS . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Outspoken actress Miriam Margolyes has made a very short and sharp comment to express her dislike for Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott. The English performer, who divides her time between the U.K. and Australia, did not hold back when asked what she thought of the man in the country's top job by an audience member on the ABC TV show Q&A. Famous for her no-nonsense manner, the 73-year-old Harry Potter star bluntly replied with: 'I think he's a tit'. Scroll down for video . Actress Miriam Margolyes (right) called Tony Abbott (left) a 'tit' on the ABC TV show Q&A . Twitter lit up with nothing but praise for Margolyes' bold remark with one suggesting she become the next PM . The woman prefaced the question by pointing out that Margolyes had previously described former Labor Prime Minister Julia Gillard as fascinating - and that she even went as far to say that Bob Hawke, another former Labor Prime Minister, was 'just ravishing'. The woman then asked if the actress had a similar opinion of the current leader which caused the studio to erupt into laughter. Following Margolyes' comment, which is a word commonly used as an insult in Britain, she remained unusually quiet when fellow panel members had their say. Editor-in-chief of Mamamia. Jamila Rizvi, was the first to chime in with 'I think you're supposed to say ten points to Hufflepuff' - making a reference to Harry Potter in which the actress stars in one of the movies as Professor Sprout. The show's host, Tony Jones, then asked Assistant Treasurer Josh Frydenberg to describe his boss in just one word and then suggested that some of his colleagues describe him as 'doomed'. Twitter followers are impressed with how Margolyes isn't afraid to say what she thinks . Mr Frydenberg was quick to respond that Mr Abbott was 'decent' and then felt the need to elaborate because he felt he was a minority with that particular view in the room. 'This is a guy who well before he ventured into politics was a hard-working member of his local community as an SES volunteer, as a surf lifesaver,' he said. 'He doesn't go out and do that stuff with a camera in tow - he's a father of three beautiful girls, he's a happily married husband and he's and he's hard worker in this top job.' Ms Rizvi then replied that the first word that came to her mind when she thought of Mr Abbott was: 'time-limited ....with a hyphen'. While Trisha Jha, from the Centre for Independent Studies, chose to stay out of the slinging match. 'I only have one thing to say and that is the tit is a lovely bird,' she said. Meanwhile, Twitter lit up with nothing but praise for Margolyes' bold remark. #Miriam Margolyes is aaaaawwwssssoooommmmm #qanda Finally someone not fearful to sy real facts,' Abby Saleh posted. 'Great work #Miriam Margolyes say it how it is! Love ya work!' Lisa Turner said. While another user was impressed that a Harry Potter reference got a mention on the show. 'Hufflepuff came up during serious political discussions on #qanda #miriam @jkorwling.' The 73-year-old Harry Potter star is famous for her no-nonsense manner . | Miriam Margolyes described Tony Abbott a 't*t' on ABC TV show Q&A . Audience member asked actress her thoughts on the Prime Minister . The outspoken British/Australian did not make any further comment . Social media lit up with comment praising Margolyes for bold remark . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Chinese are certainly doing things by the book when it comes to their bid for world football domination. The most populous nation on the planet is in the process of producing a series of textbooks for children aimed at teaching them how to play the beautiful game. Football-mad president Xi Jinping has already made the sport a compulsory part of the national curriculum for schoolchildren, with the aim of turning his country into a football powerhouse. Xi Jinping kicks a football during a 2012 visit to Croke Park in Dublin, Ireland, when he was China's vice president. The football-mad leader wants to make set his country on the road to being world champions . Thirty football 'experts' are involved in the drafting of the books, including 'football education specialists' Young players, teachers and coaches will be able to access online football tutorials linked to the books . 'We paid particular attention on gender ratio when we did the 3D pictures for the textbooks because we didn't want to let male players dominate the books', says the man in charge of their creation Chen Keqi . Xi Jinping has been a football fan since he played for his school team and is said to be very keen to see his country climb the world rankings . And now China's young players will hopefully have everything they need to become future World Cup winners thanks to the new tools at their disposal. According to the Chinese People's Daily, the first series of football textbooks for students in primary and secondary school will be completed at the end of this month by the People's Education Press (PEP). Chen Keqi, director of the Sports Office at the PEP, says 30 football 'experts' are involved in the drafting of the books, including 'football education specialists' and primary and secondary school PE teachers. The texts feature tips on individual skills such as ball striking, dribbling and passing, but also place great stress on teamwork in order to 'cultivate students' will and character'. Mr Keqi said, 'Given the nature of this sport, the textbooks will highlight students' awareness of teamwork and cooperation. It is hoped the 3D young footballers will encourage China's budding players to become world beaters . Pupils will be taught basic skills including 'balancing on a ball' and doing 'keepy-uppy' with their insteps . 'It will aim to cultivate their hard-working and optimistic spirit. All that reflects the educational value of football. 'We aim to improve students’ overall ability and make them well-developed both in mind and body. 'Students’ awareness of duty and responsibility can be raised in this process of learning.' 'Any type of education must take building people’s characters and passing knowledge on to students into account, and PE education is no exception.' There are seven volumes of textbooks, four of which will be for primary, middle school and first year high school students, while the remaining three are teaching guides for primary and secondary school coaches. Pupils from primary grades 3-4 will be taught basic skills including 'balancing on a ball' and doing 'keepy-uppy' with their insteps, while students from secondary grades 5-6 will be learning some more 'complex' skills such as keeping a ball in the air using different parts of their feet. The books feature 3D pictures to help teach positional play and develop 'attacking strategy'. China's men's team. For a country of 1.37billion people their ranking of 82 does not sit well with Chinese fans . China's men take on Uruguay at the Wuhan Sports Center Stadium in October 2010. President Xi wants the country to qualify for a World Cup again, like they did in 2002, and eventually win the competition . They also have green QR codes which readers can scan with their mobile phones to access online football tutorial videos. Mr Keqi said: '3D technology brought football skills to life and graphics can be easily understood by students. 'We paid particular attention on gender ratio when we did the 3D pictures for the textbooks because we didn't want to let male players dominate the books. 'In addition to publishing paper textbooks, we will introduce CD and online video tutorials to help teachers learn more about the sport. 'We will organise some training if possible to ensure teachers are best able to use the set of textbooks.' Prince William meets Mr Xi at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing earlier this month. The Aston Villa fan mentioned the Chinese president's love of football during their talk . Mr Xi is a massive fan of the beautiful game and he and many of his 1.37billion countryman are said to be ashamed at the lowly number 82 ranking of the Chinese men's national team. He dreams his country will again qualify for a World Cup – they last did so in 2002 but went out after failing to score – will have the opportunity to host the tournament and, most optimistically, will one day win it. At least China's women's team has a much better chance of doing that any time soon as they are currently ranked a much more respectable 13th in the world. On his recent visit to China Prince William bonded with Mr Xi over their mutual love of the round ball game. William, who is an Aston Villa fan, told the president: 'I also gather you're quite a football fan. I'm looking forward to learning about China's football'. | Xi Jinping wants to make country of 1.37billion into a football powerhouse . Football textbooks soon to be completed by the People's Education Press . As well as individual skills, they will highlight 'teamwork and cooperation' Books aim to cultivate students' 'will and character' and 'optimistic spirit' Primary school pupils will learn 'balancing on a ball' and 'keepy-uppy' 3D images will teach positional play and help develop 'attacking strategy' Mr Xi wants to raise the lowly number 82 ranking of China's men's team . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Two brothers kidnapped a 16-year-old runaway and sold her for sex to as many as two dozen men every day, prosecutors in Miami said. Bogacski Thomas and Tavarus Ballard, both 24, allegedly held the girl for two weeks, continually dosing her with drugs while they pimped her out to make money for hotel rooms, food and drugs. They are said to have plied her with cocaine and MDMA, and threatened to hurt her family if she tried to escape. When she did try to flee, they beat her, court papers said. Charged: Bogacski Thomas, left, and Tavarus Ballard, right, both 24, allegedly held a teenage girl for two weeks, dosing her MDMA while pimping her out to make money for hotel rooms, food and drugs . Miami-Dade State Attorney Katherine Fernandez Rundle said it was one of the worst cases she's seen. 'She to them was nothing more than a walking machine. No dignity, not a young girl. A cash machine,' CBS Miami quoted her as saying. 'She was forced to engage in sex, up to 24 men, up to 24 men per night,' Ms Fernandez Rundle said. 'That is a man every 30 minutes from 6am to 6pm at night. Only to repeat itself the next day and the next day.' The local television station reported that Thomas faced so many charges he appeared unable to keep up as a judge read them aloud in bond court yesterday. He and Ballard are accused of preying on the girl after she ran away from home, forcing her into prostitution for two weeks in January until she was able to escape. To keep her subdued the pair allegedly provided her with cannabis, as well as spiking her food with 'Mollies' - a slang term for MDMA tablets - and lacing her cigarettes with cocaine. They are said to have forced her to walk the streets of South Miami-Dade looking for Johns who paid just $100 dollars for full sex or $50 for a lesser sex act. Thomas and Ballard also allegedly touted for customers as well, even visiting gas station bathrooms in their search for men who would pay to have sex with the underage girl. 'Thomas told the victim that if she tried to leave they knew where her family lived and they would shoot up her house and hurt or kill her family,' the warrant affidavit said. Nevertheless, the victim made a number of attempts to flee that resulted in her suffering punishment beatings at the hands of both men, investigators said. 'Every time she tried to escape they would beat her up, grab her back,' Ms Fernandez Rundle said. 'In one case they picked her broken body up and took her back up into the motel.' Streetwalking: The intersection of Campbell Drive and Krome Avenue, one of the areas that Thomas and Ballard forced the young girl to walk the streets looking for customers who paid $100 for sex . The girl was finally able to escape when she finished with a customer and realised Thomas was still in the bathroom of the hotel room where she was being kept, according to the warrant affidavit. She is said to have fled on foot and took a bus to another part of town, but was soon spotted by Thomas and Ballard as she walked down a street. Chased by both men, she ran into an abandoned house where they again subjected her to a vicious beating before themselves fleeing, according to the affidavit. Thomas and Ballard are facing a string of charges including human trafficking, lewd or lascivious battery on a child between 12 and 16 and deriving support from the proceeds of prostitution. Both men are being held at Turner Guilford Knight Correctional Center, county records show. If they are found guilty they face life in jail. | Bogacski Thomas and Tavarus Ballard are facing life in prison if convicted . They allegedly plied the girl with cocaine and MDMA to keep her quiet . If she tried to flee, they allegedly beat her and threatened to hurt her family . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Fiorentina winger Mohamed Salah, who joined the club on loan from Chelsea earlier this year, appears to be enjoying his new surroundings and celebrated with fans following La Viola's 3-0 win over Roma. The 22-year-old filmed himself with supporters gleefully singing his name as Fiorentina progressed to the quarter-finals of the Europa League. Salah had struggled to make an impact during his time in England and was readily used as a makeweight when the Blues signed Juan Cuadrado from Fiorentina in January. Winger Mohamed Salah is surrounded by fans chanting his name following Fiorentina's 3-0 win over Roma . The 22-year-old has become one of La Viola's most popular players since joining the club on loan in January . Fiorentina fans celebrate their win over Roma which sees them progress to the Europa League quarter-finals . Salah attempts a shot during the Europa League round of 16 match against Roma at the Olimpico Stadium . Since moving to Italy though, Salah has enjoyed a magnificent renaissance, scoring six goals and making two more in his last 10 games. He has quickly become one of Fiorentina's most popular players and manager Vincenzo Montella has suggested that the Italian side may have actually done better than Chelsea in the sale of Cuadrado. 'Maybe right now we have got the better deal,' he told Mediaset Premium. Salah has been in superb form for Fiorentina and has scored six goals in his last 10 appearances for the club . When Chelsea signed Juan Cuadrado from Fiorentina, Salah moved to Italy on loan as a makeweight . Salah takes to Twitter to show that he is enjoying the shopping scene in his new city, Florence . | Mohamed Salah celebrated with fans after Fiorentina's 3-0 win over Roma . Fiorentina are now through to the Europa League quarter-finals . Salah is on loan from Chelsea and has become a fans favourite in Florence . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Everton are flying the flag for England in the Europa League and take on Dynamo Kiev in the first leg of their round of 16 clash at Goodison Park on Thursday night. Blues fans and perhaps even Roberto Martinez may have been happy to avoid giants such as Roma and Inter Milan, but face a Ukranian side who are unbeaten in their domestic league. The Premier League strugglers may be the last British team left in Europe after next week's Champions League fixtures. So, do we know enough about their opponents? Everton manager Roberto Martinez faces a tough challenge when Dynamo Kiev visit Goodison Park . Star players . Andriy Yarmolenko . Kiev's captain had a three-game ban reduced after an appeal so he can play in Thursday night's game, and his presence could be crucial for the visitors. A creative winger, Yarmolenko loves cutting in from the right-hand side onto his favoured left foot and has impressed for Ukraine against England over the years. Martinez said: 'It is a blow from our point of view because Yarmolenko is one of their best performers.' Andriy Yarmolenko (left) has had his ban reduced and will be aiming to fire the Ukrainian side to victory . Aleksandar Dragovic . Linked with Arsenal and Tottenham, the defender is seen as a rising prospect of the game but is already a key player for Kiev. Their manager Sergei Rebrov confirmed as much. 'You are asking about one of the best players in my team and I don't want to lose this player. 'He is a top-class player and I hope he will stay with us.' Aleksandar Dragovic (right) is seen as a rising prospect in world football as a defender . Miguel Veloso . A mainstay in a talented Portugal team, it was somewhat of a surprise when this central midfielder opted for a move to Ukraine when leaving Genoa last year. Veloso has played at Goodison Park before, and will be hoping to prove his 52 international class convert to class on the field, too. Miguel Veloso has been capped 52 times by Portugal and is a classy player in midfield . The manager . Sergei Rebrov should know all about Everton having played in the Premier League for five years with West Ham and most notably Tottenham. The striker cost Spurs around £11million in 2000 but only scored 10 goals in 60 games... he will be hoping for better luck on English soil on this occasion. The 40-year-old won the Ukranian Cup early on, and now looks to be on his way to more success this season. He said in his pre-match conference: 'Any success for Dynamo is success for the whole of Ukraine. I hope people from outside can see that life is continuing here.' Former Tottenham flop Sergei Rebrov has impressed in his first stint as manager with Kiev . Form . Thirteen wins from 16 games helping them establish a seven-point advantage over Shakhtar Donetsk in the league is one thing, but Kiev have brought that style to the Europa League, too. The Ukrainian giants stormed through their group and beat Guingamp 4-3 on aggregate in their round of 32 fixture, despite going down to nine men in the first leg. | Everton play Dynamo Kiev in Europa League round of 16 first leg . Blues welcome Ukrainian side to Goodison Park on Thursday night . Sergei Rebrov's side are unbeaten in their domestic league . Aleksandar Dragovic and Andriy Yamolenko are the star players . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sam Stephens is taking fundraising to new heights, vowing to legally change his name to Buzz Lightyear if he raises $4,000 for a children's cancer charity. The 26-year-old toy story fanatic will run in the Brighton Marathon in April to raise money for charity after learning of his friend, Joe Grimley, loosing his younger sister to leukemia. ‘I wanted to something a bit personal and cancer is obviously a big deal, especially in children, it’s horrible,’ told The Daily Mail Australia. Thumbs up: Mr Stephens committed to running 26 miles in the Brighton Marathon wearing his Buzz Lightyear costume after reaching his first goal of £500 . Sam Stephens (pictured left) with his friend Joe Grimley(pictured right) who tragically lost his young sister to leukemia . Mr Stephens said he wanted to bring something 'a bit different and unique' to his fundraising events, ultimately taking it 'to infinity and beyond' by setting a series of Toy Story related goals on the way. He says if reaches $2,400, he will get a Buzz tattoo on his thigh. If he manages to raise $4,000, he will take the plunge and officially change his name with deed poll to 'Buzz Lightyear' like the Space Ranger from the Universe Protection Unit. 'This means there will be no more Samuel Thomas Stephens, I will be known on all my official documents, (passport driving license etc) and to the whole entire universe as Buzz Lightyear,' Mr Stephens says on his donation website. Mr Stephens has been overwhelmed with the public's response, as donations have been flooding in after his plight hit news websites a few days ago. 'I never expected it to blow up like this.' ‘In two days I had close to 250 pounds(A$495) come in from all over the world. People I don’t even know, from America and even Finland.’ Mr Stephens says he wanted to bring something 'a bit different and unique' to his fundraising events choosing to legally change his name to 'Buzz Lightyear' if he reaches his target . In what the philanthropist has labelled 'drytashamarathon', Mr Stephens will also be taking part in 'Movember', which means he'll sport a moustache until the marathon, and 'Dryathalon', a sobering challenge where he will abstain from drinking. Mr Stephens has already achieved two of his goals by raising an astonishing $2,000. This means he'll don a Buzz Lightyear costume while running the 26-mile marathon, and let those who have donated to his cause style his new facial hair. Mr Stephens(pictured left) is ready for his transformation into his childhood hero, Buzz Lightyear (pictured left) 'I want to do all I can to help raise awareness and I think the Toy Story theme adds a nice touch to what we are trying to achieve.' 'Buzz Lightyear is a childhood hero of mine and I am looking forward to my kids being called Lightyear and my wife, Mrs Lightyear,' Mr Stephens told The Daily Mail Australia. Mr Stephens, who is currently working in Australia, says he won't do anything by half measure, looking outside the box to give people more incentive to donate. The 26-year-old Brighton man has been travelling and training for the marathon in Sydney, Australia with plans to return home in April. | Sam Stephens will change his name to Buzz Lightyear if he raises $4,000 for a children's cancer charity . Other goals include wearing a costume in the Brighton Marathon and getting a tattoo of his hero, Buzz . Sam has already raised $2,000 for a children's cancer charity . He was motivated after hearing about a close friend losing his young sister to the 'horrible disease' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Debbie Jevans is understood to have received a six-figure pay-off from the RFU after walking out as chief executive of England Rugby 2015 less than six months before the World Cup. That the RFU are prepared to hand over around £150,000 suggests the Twickenham hierarchy were just as keen to part company with Jevans as she was to leave them. Jevans is believed to have been paid around £250,000-a-year and her leaving cheque would consist of the remainder of her contract for 2015 plus part of her bonus agreement. Debbie Jevans has left her role as chief executive of England Rugby 2015 ahead of the World Cup this summer . Jevans is understood to have agreed a £150,000 pay-off with the RFU after her departure . Despite the breakdown of her relationship with the RFU high command of Ian Ritchie and Bill Beaumont, the size of the pay-off shows tournament preparations were in good shape. The last big split before the Jevans affair in which both sides kept this quiet followed Adrian Chiles’ sacking as ITV’s lead football presenter. Chiles has still not spoken out about losing his prime sports host role to Mark Pougatch, despite having settled his pay-off terms with ITV. Jevans' relationship with RFU duo Ian Ritchie (pictured left) and Bill Beaumont deteriorated . Television presenter Adrian Chiles has still not spoken out after settling his pay-off terms with ITV . | Debbie Jevans understood to have received large pay-off after walking out . Jevans was chief executive of England Rugby 2015 ahead of World Cup . She is believed to have been paid around £250,000-a-year in her role . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Los Angeles (CNN)No one knew him by his real name. But on the harsh streets of Skid Row that became his home, he was known as Africa. Surveillance footage, police and homeless community activists paint wildly different pictures of the man -- one who could be violent, benevolent, troubled and altruistic. Africa was shot and killed by Los Angeles police Sunday after he scuffled with officers. The shooting, caught on video, has renewed accusations of police brutality because it showed him already on the ground. Police say he tried to reach for an officer's gun. The Los Angeles County coroner's office has identified Africa, but is not releasing his real name pending notification of relatives. Africa came to the United States from the continent about a decade ago, said a friend who would only be identified as Nick G. Like Africa, Nick had also been homeless on the streets of Skid Row -- a decrepit area wrought with poverty and despair. "He wanted to get away from here, he wanted to go back home," Nick said. "He was very depressed. Very, very depressed. He had a good side to him, a good heart." Africa kept a tent outside the Union Rescue Mission homeless shelter. Even though the shelter was right in front of him, he didn't want the help. Instead, Africa often helped the shelter's employees. "Our cleaning guys -- he would help them organize cleaning of (the) sidewalk," said the Rev. Andy Bales, the shelter's CEO. He described Africa as gentle and kind -- but with an erratic side. "I attribute the erratic behavior to this difficult environment out here." Less than an hour before he was killed Sunday, a nearby security camera showed Africa apparently dealing drugs -- the sad and only real currency of Skid Row's economy. The footage then shows Africa getting into a fight with the man in the orange tent next to him, violently tipping the tent and kicking the man. Police arrive and talk to Africa, but he jumps into the tent -- prompting officers to draw their guns. Africa then jumps out, swinging his arms at police. Los Angeles police say he tried to grab an officer's gun, and that's when he was shot. Los Angeles Police Chief Charlie Beck called the incident "an extreme tragedy." "We feel great compassion in the LAPD for people who live in conditions of homelessness, and often mental illness, with no treatment," Beck said. "We prepare our officers to deal as best they can with them, but the reality is this is much more than a problem that the police alone can solve." Bales said the dismal conditions of LA's Skid Row makes it a tinder box for more problems. "There is no other major city in the U.S. that has a skid row like ours," he said. "2,000 human beings living on the street. Until we deal with that, we're going to continue to have an explosive situation." On the sidewalk where Africa was shot, a modest memorial sits atop a small pile of belongings. "RIP Cameroon," one cardboard sign reads "Rest in Peace Africa." It's unclear when the Los Angeles County coroner's office will release Africa's real name. From there, it's unclear where Africa's remains will go. CNN's Kyung Lah reported from Los Angeles; Holly Yan reported and wrote from Atlanta. | The man known as Africa often helped employees at a homeless shelter . But he sometimes acted erratically, and footage showed him fighting before his death . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Tillakaratne Dilshan will spend two spells with Derbyshire over the coming season after the Division Two county announced the signing of the experienced Sri Lanka batsman. The 38-year-old will be available for up to four NatWest Twenty20 Blast fixtures and two LV= County Championship matches when he takes the overseas berth from New Zealand international Martin Guptill in June. Dilshan will return to the County Ground from the Caribbean Premier League at the beginning of August and will be available for every remaining Falcons match until the end of September. Tillakaratne Dilshan in action as he hits Scotland for 104 at the World Cup helping Sri Lanka to an easy win . Dilshan gets up and heads the ball as he enjoys a bit of football with his Sri Lanka team-mates . Dilshan is currently the fourth highest run scorer at the World Cup - having hit 395 runs so far . He said: 'Derbyshire are an ambitious club with an exciting young team and I'm looking forward to joining them in the NatWest T20 Blast and then returning to help them finish the season strongly. 'I am really pleased with my current form and this makes me confident I can make a strong contribution to Derbyshire this season.' Dilshan has competed in 87 Test matches for Sri Lanka, scoring 5,492 runs, and his one-day international total comes to 9,796 runs in 312 matches. He has also plundered more than 5,000 runs across 232 T20 fixtures with the Lions, who won the ICC World Twenty20 last year. Dilshan is part of Sri Lanka's World Cup squad preparing to face South Africa in the quarter finals on Wednesday. He has scored 395 runs so far - making him the fourth highest runs scorer in the tournament. | Tillakaratne Dilshan will play for Derbyshire during two spells this season . He will play four Twenty20 games and two county championship games . Dilshan will return in August after a spell in the Caribbean Premier League . |
What was the united Arab republic? | In 1958, Egypt and Syria formed a sovereign union known as the United Arab Republic. The union was short-lived, ending in 1961 when Syria seceded, thus ending the union. During most of its existence, the United Arab Republic was also in a loose confederation with North Yemen (or the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen), known as the United Arab States. In 1959, the All-Palestine Government of the Gaza Strip, an Egyptian client state, was absorbed into the United Arab Republic under the pretext of Arab union, and was never restored. The Arab Socialist Union, a new nasserist state-party was founded in 1962. | The United Arab Republic was formed in 1958 as a sovereign union by Egypt and Syria. Later in 1959 Gaza was part of the republic but it only lasted till 1961 when Syria seceded. |
Summarize the interesting points about Arc'teryx | Arc'teryx
Arc'teryx is a Canadian high-end design company specializing in outdoor apparel and equipment headquartered in North Vancouver, British Columbia. It focuses on technical apparel for mountaineering and Alpine sports, including related accessories. The company's name and logo reference the Archaeopteryx, the transitional fossil of early dinosaurs to modern dinosaurs (birds). Arc'teryx is known for their waterproof Gore-Tex shell jackets, knitwear, and down parkas.
Founded in 1989 as Rock Solid, the company re-branded in 1991 as Arc'teryx to produce outerwear and climbing gear for the Coast Mountains in Canada. The company was sold to Salomon Group in 2001 and Amer Sports in 2005. Arc'teryx maintains two divisions: Veilance, their luxury streetwear retailer and LEAF, their retailer of technical gear for law enforcement and military forces.
The company is a major influence in the "gorpcore" and "normcore" fashion movements, the wearing of minimalist, outdoor apparel in urban settings.
History
An Arc'teryx boutique on Mercer Street, London in July 2016
Originally named "Rock Solid" by founder Dave Lane, the company's first line of products was climbing gear. Dave Lane sold his 50% interest to Blair Murdoch and Tim Duholke who became silent partners in 1989. Then-principal Jeremy Guard changed the company name to Arc'teryx in 1991 to reflect the company's vision of creating disruptive "evolutionary" innovation within the outdoor products industry. Guard was president and principal of the company from 1991 to 2001. Using a heat laminate (thermolamination) technology, the partners designed and marketed the Vapor harness, which would become the company's most popular item. In 1993, after a series of relocations and staff additions, Arc'teryx released the Bora backpack using the same Vapor technology. In 1996, the company introduced technical apparel featuring Gore-Tex after obtaining a license from W. L. Gore & Associates. Arc'teryx re-located its headquarters to Burnaby, British Columbia in 1999 and then to North Vancouver in 2005.
In 2001, Arc'teryx was purchased by Salomon Group, a French subsidiary of the German retailer Adidas. In 2005, Arc'teryx was sold to Finnish retailer Amer Sports. In 2019, Chinese retailer Anta Sports bought a controlling stake (56%) in Amer. The Arc'teryx head office is located in North Vancouver and harnesses, backpacks, and other apparel is made in its own factory in New Westminster, BC. As their apparel line expanded Arc'teryx began manufacturing in international markets, specifically in China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Bangladesh, El Salvador, Laos, and Greece.
Jon Hoerauf joined the company as president in 2012, assuming the additional role of general manager in 2016. During the early 2020s, Arc'teryx co-produced items with high-fashion brands and designers which expanded their consumer market beyond outdoor enthusiasts.
Divisions
Veilance
Arc'teryx launched their luxury formal urban-wear brand in 2009, branded as Arc'teryx Veilance.
LEAF
Arc'teryx's Law Enforcement and Armed Forces (LEAF) line is aimed at the military and police market. In the consumer and Internet market, it is often referred to as "military birds". Some of the collections are designed for their civilian counterparts, while others, such as Arc'teryx's Tango and Charlie backpacks, feature camouflage designs that are entirely geared toward the military. In contrast, military bird products use dark colors and military colors. Only a handful of products, such as the Alpha jacket, are currently made in Canada, while the rest, such as Assault Shirt, are made overseas, such as in El Salvador and Vietnam.
Subculture
Arc'teryx has become widely popular in the street fashion scene and Internet culture. The theft ("racking") of Arc'teryx and other Gore-Tex items is considered to be part of the street subculture. It is seen as a high-end status symbol among youth, "just shy of Stone Island and Moncler." The Atlantic noted the brand as selling "premium-tier outdoorsiness" while the Financial Times noted one of their largest demographics as "urbanites" in 2022.
Labeled a cult brand by Fast Company in 2021, Arc'teryx is worn by " hikers and hype-beasts" according to The New York Times.
The company is a major influence in the "gorpcore" and "normcore" fashion movements – the wearing of minimalist, outdoor apparel in urban settings, along with Mammut, REI, Marmot and Patagonia.
Throughout 2022, a TikTok trend emerged where individuals would shower, fully clothed with an Arc'teryx jacket, as British rapper YT's song "Arc'teryx" played on background. | - Arc'teryx is a Canadian company which produces high-tech outdoor gears
- Their best known products include waterproof Gore-Tex shell jackets, knitwear, and down parkas
- Started as a company selling climbing gears, the company went through several re-branding and, in early 2020s, co-produced items with high-fashion brands which expanded their consumer market beyond outdoor enthusiasts
- The company owns two branches, one for commercial consumers, the other for military and police market
- The company, especially its Gore-Tex product line, has become a popular urban street fashion and has a major influence in the "gorpcore" and "normcore" fashion movements, along with similar brands such as Mammut, REI, Marmot and Patagonia |
Who is the founder of the I Liq Chuan martial art? | Sam F.S. Chin (Chin Fan Siong, 曾帆祥, born August 1, 1954) is the Grandmaster and Gatekeeper of the martial art called I Liq Chuan, and also known as "the Martial Art of Awareness". Chin developed the grading system for this system.
Chin was trained since childhood by his father, Chin Lik Keong, founder of I Liq Chuan, and in 1978, he won the state heavy weight kickboxing championships of Selangor (Malaysia). In August 2009 Chin was officially named the Gate Keeper and Lineage Holder of the I Liq Chuan. He is also the founder and President of Chin Family I Liq Chuan Association that supports the martial art's growth.
Chin has taught workshops worldwide , written two books on his family's martial art, co-authored articles, and produced a series of DVDs. Chin was interviewed by Jess O'Brien for his 2007 book "Nei Jia Quan: Internal Martial Arts".
In August 2009, Chin was also recognized by the USA Wushu Kung-Fu Federation as a Hall of Fame Outstanding Master. In 2014, he was written about by Ashe Higgs in Kung Fu Tai Chi Magazine "Finding the Center: I Liq Chuan’s Three Essential Qualities for Offense and Defense as One". Chin was also the subject of the 2016 CCTV Documentary "Kung Fu Abroad: I Liq Chuan 中央电视台《功夫在外》纪录片".
On November 15, 2017 Sam Chin became an honorary professor at the University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria in recognition of his lifetime of achievement in spreading I Liq Chuan. | The founder of I Liq Chuan is Chin Lik Keong. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Scrawled images of Mr Spock have started appearing on Canadian $5 bills, with Star Trek fans defacing the former prime minster in honor of actor Leonard Nimoy. The act of giving Sir Wilfrid Laurier - who was head of government from 1896 to 1911 - Spock's pointy Vulcan ears, sharp eyebrows and signature bowl haircut is apparently nothing new. But following the death of 83-year-old Nimoy last week from lung cancer, amateur artists have been out in force, even triggering a reaction from the national bank. Tribute: Scrawled images of Mr Spock have started appearing on Canadian $5 bills, with Star Trek fans defacing the former prime minster in honor of actor Leonard Nimoy. Long-running tradition: The act of giving Sir Wilfrid Laurier - who was head of government from 1896 to 1911 - Spock's pointy Vulcan ears, sharp eyebrows and signature bowl haircut is apparently nothing new . A spokeswoman from the central reserve, Josianne Menard, said Tuesday that scribbling on the blue bills is inappropriate because it defaces a symbol and source of national pride. Menard warned defaced bills may not circulate for as long and risk being rejected by retailers. 'There are important reasons why it should not be done,' she noted. However, Canada's central bank confirmed this week that it is not illegal to deface or even mutilate banknotes. Following Nimoy's death Friday, social media users posted their own versions of Sir Laurier's Vulcan makeover to honor the actor. But following the death of 83-year-old Nimoy (seen here in a 1982 episode of Star Trek) last week from lung cancer, amateur artists have been out in force, even triggering a reaction from the national bank . 'Spock your $5 bills for Leonard Nimoy,' a group called the Canadian Design Resource tweeted alongside its depiction. Images of the altered bills circulated widely online and attracted international media attention to something many Canadians had never seen before - although for others, it was hardly a new frontier. Calgary artist Tom Bagley, who posted his own Spock-Laurier hybrid on Facebook and Flickr after Nimoy's death, described it as a traditional bar trick to impress the waitress. 'I always thought it was OK as long as the numbers were intact - it still counted as money,' he said. 'That's what I heard. Because stuff happens, like say you spill spaghetti sauce all over it or something like that.' 'Spocking Fives' even has its own identity on Facebook, where Canadians are encouraged to post their revision of Sir Laurier’s face. A description accompanying the page - founded in 2008 - states: 'The origins of this mysterious tradition are shrouded in secrecy, although it is widely believed to be totally awesome.' | The act of giving Sir Wilfrid Laurier - who was head of government from 1896 to 1911 - Spock's pointy Vulcan ears, sharp eyebrows and signature bowl haircut is apparently nothing new . But following the death of 83-year-old Nimoy last week from lung cancer, sketchers have been out in force . The doodles have triggered a reaction from the national bank . A spokeswoman from the central reserve, Josianne Menard, said Tuesday that it defaces a Canadian symbol and source of national pride . 'There are important reasons why it should not be done,' she added . |
Extract the names of the islands located on the Eastern Group of the Azores plateau from the text. Separate them with a comma. | These islands can be divided into three recognizable groups located on the Azores Plateau:
The Eastern Group (Grupo Oriental) of São Miguel, Santa Maria and Formigas Islets
The Central Group (Grupo Central) of Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico and Faial
The Western Group (Grupo Ocidental) of Flores and Corvo. | Flores and Corvo |
Explain to me what a rainbow actually is? | A rainbow is an optical phenomenon that can occur under certain meteorological conditions. It is caused by reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in an effect similar to a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a multicolored circular arc. Rainbows caused by sunlight always appear in the section of sky directly opposite the Sun. | A rainbow is an optical phenomenon that occurs by sunlight appearing in the section of the sky directly opposite of the sun. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Cristiano Ronaldo reached 30 La Liga goals for the season but could not prevent Villarreal from grabbing a share of the points in the Bernabeu Sunday in an entertaining 1-1 draw. Ronaldo put Real ahead with a second half penalty after being pulled down and had 13 shots of goal in a lively display, but his team was unable to secure a fourth consecutive win. Gerard Moreno's thumping low strike 26 minutes from time spoiled the home party and Real has seen its lead at the top cut to two points after Barcelona's win Saturday. The arch rivals meet in El Clasico on March 22, with the title very much up for grabs. Villarreal, coached by Marcelino, even fielded an understrength side as it bids to progress in the Copa del Rey and the Europa League, but should have been ahead early when Iker Casillas made a fine save from Moreno and then Dani Carvajal spectacularly headed Moi Gomez's follow-up effort off the line. Real was turning up the heat and Gareth Bale went close for the European champions with a header, while Raphael Varane went even closer with a header that also just missed the target. Ronaldo was a constant threat and after the break he was pulled down inside the area by Eric Bailly and converted from the spot. Bale and Ronaldo should have doubled the scoreline, but Real was made to pay for its wasted chances when Moreno stunned the home crowd with the leveler. Champion Atletico Madrid missed the chance to close to within five points of Real at the top after being held to a 0-0 draw at Sevilla earlier Sunday. Valencia moved to within a point of Atletico after beaing David Moyes's Real Sociedad 2-0 with a double from Pablo Piatti. Wolfsburg wins thriller . In the Bundesliga, VfL Wolfsburg kept up its dogged pursuit of Bayern Munich with a 5-3 win at Werder Bremen in a thrilling eight-goal encounter. Wolfsburg striker Bas Dost scored a double to make it 14 goals in his last nine appearances but his side still trails Bayern by eight points despite its impressive recent form. The match had been under threat due to a security alert in the north Germany city of Bremen, but it was downgraded with extra police on duty at the 42,000-capacity Weserstadion stadium. Earlier police had made two temporary arrests and searched an Islamic cultural center. Monaco holds PSG . In Ligue 1, Monaco, so impressive in beating Arsenal in midweek Champions League action, held Paris Saint-Germain to a goalless draw. PSG was hoping to leapfrog Lyon at the top, but could not break down the stubborn Monaco defense, keeping its 10th clean sheet in the last 11 matches. Lyon, beaten 2-1 at Lille Saturday, still leads title holder PSG by a point at the top. | Real Madrid held 1-1 by Villarreal . Cristiano Ronaldo scores 30th La Liga goal of season . Atletico Madrid misses chance to close gap with 0-0 draw at Sevilla . Wolfsburg wins Bundesliga game subject of security alert . |
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