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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | In the middle of a soldier's deployment to Qatar, he decided fly home to surprise his daughters just in time for his youngest's second birthday. Army National Guard Sgt First Class Joseph Kern flew home to Cherry Hill, New Jersey during his fifth deployment on Thursday and will be with his family for five days. His first stop after he touched down on American soil was his two-year-old daughter Pearl's classroom, where he had the chance to surprise her and his other daughter, three-year-old Estelle. Scroll down for video . Army National Guard Sgt First Class Joseph Kern flew home from his deployment in Qatar to surprise his two daughters, Estelle, three, and Pearl, two . He surprised the girls in Pearl's (front) classroom on her second birthday on Thursday. He'll be home for five days . Kern's wife, Sarah Woldoff, a neuro-psychologist in Princeton, said that the military no longer offers leave, so the couple had to pay out of pocket for him to come home, according to ABC. He left for Qatar in June and had already missed Estelle's birthday, so Woldoff said her husband's plane ticket was 'worth every dollar'. She added that seeing Kern reunite with their daughters was 'breathtaking'. Estelle was 'a little bit confused and in shock' when she saw her dad, according to Woldoff. Kern and his wife Sarah Woldoff (left, holding Estelle) said that Pearl didn't immediately recognize him, but Woldoff said the reunion was still 'breathtaking' Woldoff said that the couple was 'disappointed' with Pearl's response, but they hope having the video will help her remember the reunion when she gets older . Unfortunately, Pearl didn't seem to recognize her dad when he walked in, and instead when to hug her grandpa. 'We were both slightly disappointed with Pearl's response,' Woldoff told ABC. 'You never realize that they're so young, they don't have as much memory of him as we anticipated.' But the mom-of-two hopes that having the reunion on video will help her daughter remember it when she get older. 'In hindsight, I'm really glad we did it the way we did. Pearl's too little to have the memory of it, but I think Estelle will remember,' she said. 'And it'll ease the transition. Everyone forgets he has to go back on Tuesday, and it's really confusing for her on why he has to leave again.' Woldoff said that the National Guard does not give leave anymore, so the couple paid out of pocket for Kern's visit . Kern missed Estelle's (right) birthday while he was away, so this trip was 'worth every dollar', according to Woldoff . His daughters weren't the only ones he had the chance to surprise during his time home, however. Kern surprised his mom at a restaurant by dressing up like a waiter and walking around the dining room as she ate. 'My mother-in-law didn't even realize it was him. We had to point it out,' Woldoff said. 'She lost it. She was in utter shock and just hysterical.' Kern will likely be in Qatar until June, making it a year-long deployment, according to NorthJersey.com. Kern left for Qatar last June and will likely stay until this upcoming June, making it a year-long trip. Here his is pictured with Pearl (left) and Estelle (right) in June 2014, right before his deployment . Estelle and Pearl apparently have a pillow with their dad's picture on it. Pictured here on a hayride, it looks like the girls take him everywhere while he's away . This is Kern's fifth deployment with the Army National Guard. He will return to Qatar on Tuesday after five days at home . | Army National Guard Sgt First Class Joseph Kern, of Cherry Hill, New Jersey, has been deployed in Qatar since June 2014 . He decided to fly home to celebrate his two-year-old's birthday on Thursday . The dad missed his three-year-old daughter's birthday while he was away . His wife described his reunion with his daughters as 'breathtaking' The National Guard soldier will return to Qatar on Tuesday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)The expulsions of two students by the University of Oklahoma for their role in a racist chant will likely not be the last word on the scandal. The Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity members can appeal the decision. More students might be expelled. And beyond the immediate issues around the now infamous incident, the university could experience a trickle-down impact for months, maybe years to come. Writing to the two students Tuesday, just two days after a video of frat members singing the racist song surfaced, OU President David Boren said they were being booted for "leading a racist and exclusionary chant which has created a hostile educational environment for others." They were given until close of business Friday to contest the decision. No word yet on whether either will. CNN legal analyst Sunny Hostin said she believes there will be a constitutional challenge to the expulsions. "It's sort of one of the first things you learn in law school ... you may disapprove of what someone says but you still defend their right to say it," she said. Hostin added: "I think there'll be the arguments that these students were students, and that in our educational systems we want people to have, maybe, even a heightened level of freedom of speech." Also unknown at this point is whether other students who appear in the video will be expelled or otherwise punished. Already, the Greek letters sigma, alpha and epsilon have been removed from the frat house's facade, the house will be closed as of midnight Tuesday and the university will board up the windows, following up on separate decisions by the university and the SAE national headquarters to shutter the Oklahoma chapter, Boren said. Sigma Alpha Epsilon is no stranger to scandal and sanctions . But he seemed to say that individual punishments could be a bit trickier. "Well, legally, our concern is we have to demonstrate exactly how the educational experience of our students was threatened or disrupted by their actions," Boren said, "and it really has to focus on the students on the bus. Did the other students have their educational experience disrupted?" While he unwaveringly declared "there is no room for racists and bigots" at his university, the very thing that could keep the SAE fraternity brothers Oklahoma Sooners is Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The law "prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color and national origin in programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance," but it also provides the parameters for determining if someone is violating the federal law, Boren said. Any punishment must be "carefully directed" if it's to pass constitutional muster, although he made it clear he hopes some of the students involved won't wait for legal issues to be sorted out. "I think some of the students themselves may take themselves off the campus, and I hope they do because this is not a place that wants racists," he said. So far, no students have dropped out -- voluntarily -- but the video has cost the university's football team a top recruit as offensive lineman Jean Delance said Monday he was de-committing from the Sooners and considering other teams. It's an issue that Ber Thaddeus Bailey, director of diversity, OU student government, worries about. "I am concerned about the trickle-down effect from this incident," he said. "I do want to encourage those who are considering the University of Oklahoma that this is a great place to study, and we are going to continue to progress." CNN's Chris Cuomo contributed to this report. | The University of Oklahoma president says chant created a "hostile educational environment" Two students are expelled; they have until Friday to appeal . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Gareth Southgate has told Crystal Palace winger Wilfried Zaha he still has time to make the England Under 21 squad for Euro 2015. Zaha won the last of his 10 Under 21 caps against Finland in November 2013 and has not been considered by the head coach since he pulled out of a qualifier against Wales last May with injury. Southgate made it clear at the start of the season he would only use players who were fully committed to playing for England and there is no question Zaha would need to show he has matured to stand a chance of going to the Czech Republic in June. Crystal Palace ace Wilfried Zaha has scored two goals and made one assist in his last six games . Gareth Southgate has told Zaha he still has time to make the England Under 21 squad for Euro 2015 . But his form for Palace has not gone unnoticed — he has scored two goals and made one assist in his last six games — and Southgate intends to visit Zaha to see whether the 22-year-old can force himself into the frame. ‘We have always said with Wilf the door is never closed,’ Southgate said. ‘Unfortunately for him, his move to Manchester United never worked out, the loan to Cardiff never worked out and we have had other forwards who have been in good form. ‘You always have to look at players who are in form and playing well. It would be foolish to rule anyone out. But we have got Danny Ings, Jesse Lingard coming back, Alex Pritchard has got good numbers in terms of goals and assists. Wilf is going to have to play really well to force his way in.’ Southgate admits it would be foolish to rule anybody out of contention ahead of this summer's tournament . Burnley striker Danny Ings has been in fine form during the Premier League season at Turf Moor . Palace boss Alan Pardew said after his side beat Queens Park Rangers earlier this month he intended to speak to Southgate about why the coach would benefit from including Zaha in his plans. Southgate has not heard from his former Palace team-mate but while he would welcome the call, he stressed that Zaha had scored once and made one goal in the 17 games before his burst of form. ‘I said to him (Pardew) when he got the job it would be really interesting to see if he could get Wilf back to where he is,’ said Southgate, whose side face Germany at The Riverside Stadium this evening. ‘He is playing well but there has to be consistency. One of the biggest parts of my role is to go and watch players. Wilf, now he is playing regularly, will be one I have to see.’ | Gareth Southgate admits Wilfried Zaha still has time to make his squad . Winger Zaha has been in fine form since returning to Crystal Palace . Zaha won last of his 10 Under 21 caps against Finland in November 2013 . Southgate intends to visit Zaha to see if he force himself into the frame . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | German side Wolfsburg completed a comprehensive victory over Roberto Mancini's Inter Milan to reach the last eight of the Europa League. Former Chelsea midfielder Kevin De Bruyne, a target for Manchester City, enhanced his burgeoning reputation with another impressive performance in the San Siro. Daniel Caligiuri (left) celebrates his goal with his Kevin De Bruyne . Manchester City director of football Txiki Begiristain had planned to watch De Bruyne in action . The Belgian set up the first goal with a perfect cross from the left which was turned in by Daniel Caligiuri in the 24th minute to put the visitors 4-1 ahead in the tie. Inter continued to press in a bid to get back in the game but were thrawted by Wolfsburg goalkeeper Diego Benaglio. Substitute Nicklas Bendtner sealed Wolfsburg victory with late strike . Bendtner volleyed in a cross by fellow substitute Maximilian Arnold . Bendtner celebrates with his team-mates after scoring in the San Siro . The Swiss stopper blocked a close range effort from Fredy Guarín and then kept out a low shot by Rodrigo Palacio with his foot. The Argentinian forward, however, made amends 19 minutes from time, finally beating Benaglio after a nice one-two with Hernanes. Wolfsburg sealed their victory in the 89th minute when Nicklas Bendtner volleyed in a cross by fellow substitute Maximilian Arnold. VIDEO Europa League progression 'huge' for Wolfsburg - Hecking . | Wolfsburg beat Inter Milan to reach the last eight of the Europa League . Manchester City target Kevin De Bruyne set up first goal for Daniel Caligiuri . Former Arsenal striker Nicklas Bendtner volleyed in a cross to seal victory . |
How do you make wine? | Winemaking (also wine making) or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine-making stretches over millennia. The science of wine and winemaking is known as oenology. A winemaker may also be called a vintner. The growing of grapes is viticulture and there are many varieties of grapes.
Winemaking can be divided into two general categories: still wine production (without carbonation) and sparkling wine production (with carbonation – natural or injected). Red wine, white wine, and rosé are the other main categories. Although most wine is made from grapes, it may also be made from other plants. (See fruit wine.) Other similar light alcoholic drinks (as opposed to beer or spirits) include mead, made by fermenting honey and water, cider ("apple cider"), made by fermenting the juice of apples, and perry ("pear cider"), made by fermenting the juice of pears, and kumis, made of fermented mare's milk. | Winemaking is the process of using fruit for fermentation into alcohol. The science of winemaking is called enology. There are two general types of wine production: still wine and sparkling wine. The three categories of wine are red, white, and rose. Most wine is made from grapes but others can include apples, pears, and honey. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Linebacker Erik Walden and his girlfriend were seriously injured in an attack that took place Saturday evening. The ex-girlfriend of the Indianapolis Colts star, Erica Palmer, broke into his house through a backdoor and attacked him and his girlfriend, whose name has not been released, with a bat. The two allegedly found Palmer sitting on the couch with a loaded gun waiting to attack, and as they tried to leave for the hospital after she broke the woman's arm with the bat, Palmer surprised them by jumping out of the woods and slashing Walden's arm with a knife. All this as Palmer left the two young children she has with Walden alone in a car a mile away. Indianapolis Colts linebacker Erik Walden (left) and his girlfriend suffered serious injuries after an attack that took place Saturday night at the hands of his ex Erica Palmer (right) Palmer reportedly left her two young children with Walden (above) alone in a car roughly a mile away during the attack . NBC 11 reports that Palmer suspected that Walden was seeing other woman, so she parked the car a mile away to see if she could catch him in the act. After the two came in shortly before midnight and saw Palmer with the gun, Walden, who owns the weapon, managed to wrestle it away from the woman. Walden claims that Palmer then began swinging the bat at the two, breaking his female companion's arm. Palmer fled after this and Walden called police, who came, took a statement and left. Then, when Walden left to drive the female to the hospital to have her arm treated, Palmer jumped out of the woods with a knife and slashed his arm. Police were able to locate Palmer soon after using her cell phone to track her and she has been charged with multiple crimes, including several counts of aggravated assault. The two young children have been placed in Walden's care and Palmer is being held at the Hall County Jail. | Indianapolis Colts linebacker Erik Walden and his girlfriend suffered serious injuries after an attack that took place Saturday night . Erica Palmer, Walden's ex, broke into his house, took his loaded gun and threatened him and his girlfriend with the weapon . Walden managed to wrestle the gun away, at which point Palmer allegedly attacked them with a bat, breaking the woman's arm . Palmer ran off and police came and took statements, leaving soon after . Then, as Walden tried to drive the woman to the hospital to be treated, Palmer allegedly jumped out of the woods and slashed his arm . All this as Palmer reportedly left her two young children with Walden alone in a car roughly a mile away . |
What is Cup Game? | The cup game is a children's clapping game that involves tapping and hitting a cup using a defined rhythm. | The cup game is a children's clapping game that involves tapping and hitting a cup using a defined rhythm. The game can be played by many players seated around a table and is often played in large groups. Each player possesses a cup and in unison the players tap out the defined rhythm using their cups. It can be played competitively, where the rhythm speeds up in each "round", and a player making a mistake in the rhythm must drop out of the game, with a new "round" starting after each elimination, and game play continuing until only one player remains, with that player being the winner. |
Extract the basic universal competition sections of the triathlon in order, and explain each section. | While specific rules for triathlon can vary depending on the governing body (e.g. World Triathlon, USA Triathlon), as well as for an individual race venue, there are some basic universal rules. Traditionally, triathlon is an individual sport and each athlete is competing against the course and the clock for the best time. As such, athletes are not allowed to receive assistance from anyone else outside the race, with the exception of race-sanctioned aid volunteers who distribute food and water on the course.
Transition area (bicycles) of Hamburg Triathlon, 2002
Triathlons are timed in five sequential sections:
from the start of the swim to the beginning of the first transition (swim time);
from the beginning of the first transition to the end of the first transition (T1 time);
from the start of the cycling to the end of the cycling leg (cycling time);
from the beginning of the second transition to the end of the second transition (T2 time);
finally from the start of the run to the end of the run, at which time the triathlon is completed.
Results are usually posted on official websites and will show for each triathlete his/her swim time; cycle time (with transitions included); run time; and total time. Some races also post transition times separately.
Other rules of triathlon vary from race to race and generally involve descriptions of allowable equipment (for example, wetsuits are allowed in USAT events in the swimming stage of some races when the water temperature is below 25.6 °C (78.1 °F)), and prohibitions against interference between athletes. Additionally, the use of flippers or other swim propulsion and flotation aids are illegal in triathlon and can result in disqualification.
One rule involving the cycle leg is that the competitor's helmet must be donned before the competitor mounts (or even takes possession of, in certain jurisdictions) the bike, and it must remain on until the competitor has dismounted; the competitor may not be required to wear the helmet when not on the bicycle (e.g. while repairing a mechanical problem). Failure to comply with this rule will result in disqualification. Additionally, while on the bike course, all bicycles shall be propelled only by human force and human power. Other than pushing a bicycle, any propulsive action brought on by use of the hands is prohibited. Should a competitor's bike malfunction they can proceed with the race as long as they are doing so with their bicycle in tow. There are also strict rules regarding the 'bike mount' line. Competitors may not begin riding their bicycle out of transition until they are over a clearly marked line. Mounting the bike prior to this may incur a penalty (example: a 15-second time penalty at the London 2012 Olympics was imposed on Jonathan Brownlee, a competitor from Great Britain, for mounting his bike too early.)
Other time penalties can be incurred during the race for, among other things, drafting on the bike in a non-drafting race, improper passing, littering on course, and unsportsmanlike conduct. | Triathlons are timed in five sequential sections.
From the start of the swim to the beginning of the first transition (swim time). The use of flippers or other swim propulsion and flotation aids are illegal.
From the beginning of the first transition to the end of the first transition (T1 time).
From the start of the cycling to the end of the cycling leg (cycling time). The competitor's helmet must be donned before the competitor mounts the bike, and it must remain on until the competitor has dismounted.
From the beginning of the second transition to the end of the second transition (T2 time)
Finally from the start of the run to the end of the run, at which time the triathlon is completed. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Lewis McGugan would be open to signing a permanent deal at Sheffield Wednesday after manager Stuart Gray helped ‘put a smile’ back on his face. The attacking midfielder is on loan from Watford and has a decision to make in the summer, with one year left on his Vicarage Road contract. McGugan has scored three times and made four assists in his last eight games, setting up two goals in the dramatic late win at Rotherham on Saturday. Lewis McGugan has impressed during his loan spell at Sheffield Wednesday in recent weeks . McGugan in action for Watford last season . ‘If Sheffield Wednesday and Watford can do a deal, then brilliant, but it’s up to the clubs. I can only concentrate on playing well on the pitch,’ McGugan told Sportsmail. ‘At this point in time I’m playing week in week out, I have a smile back on my face, and that’s the most important thing. ‘The manager has been fantastic for me, really straight. You know exactly what he wants from you. He gives you the platform to go out and perform and it’s up to you to repay the faith.’ McGugan says his spell at Hillsbrough has refreshed his enjoyment for the game after a difficult period at Watford under five different head coaches since joining in July 2013. He joined on a free from boyhood club Nottingham Forest and scored 11 goals in 37 games in his first season – but Gianfranco Zola’s departure in December of that campaign altered the scene. Giuseppe Sannino came in before resigning last August sparking three changes in quick succession. Oscar Garcia was forced to vacate the role on grounds of ill health after four games, Billy McKinlay was sacked after two, and Slavisa Jokanovic has since steered Watford into automatic promotion contention. ‘It was a chance to go and play under Gianfranco Zola which was a massive pull for me,’ said McGugan. McGugan says he went to Watford to play under Gianfranco Zola but was 'shocked' after the Italian left . Playing time limited, he made his first loan move to Wednesday last November and signed again in the winter window. ‘I could have easily sat there and seen what happens but you know when you’re not really in someone’s plans and I want to play football,’ he said. ‘Knowing this manager has 100 per cent faith in me to go out and perform can only build confidence. Hopefully I can have a strong end to the season and see what happens.' A number of clubs may be interested in McGugan come summer, and he did not rule out a switch back to Forest – even if sanctions limit his former club to loan deals. ‘You never say never,’ he said. ‘Nottingham Forest was a massive part of my life and career. I made my debut at 17 and I left at the age of 24. It’s where I’m from. But the most important thing I can do is concentrate on performing.’ McGugan has refused to rule out a return to former club Nottingham Forest in the summer . | Lewis McGugan has scored three and made four assists in eight games . Midfielder has one year left on his contract at Watford . McGugan refuses to rule out return to former club Nottingham Forest . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A woman has pleaded not guilty to trespassing charges after she got onto a runway at San Francisco International Airport with plans to stow away on a jet bound for Central America. Prosecutors say Adriana Anabela Monterroso-Santos allegedly walked on a runway Wednesday and waved her arms at a plane. San Mateo County District Attorney Steve Wagstaffe says the 42-year-old woman was living in a homeless shelter near the airport. A woman has pled guilty to trespassing after being caught on this San Francisco airport runway in an attempt to stow away on a jet . 'If she needs help, we’ll steer her in the right direction,' he told the San Francisco Chronicle. Wagstaffe said he incident has highlighted a potential security lapse. 'The real concern should be how she got out onto a runway, not why?' he said. 'If she can do it, what is stopping a terrorist from doing the same thing?' Wagstaffe says the woman told authorities she was hoping to hide in the cargo hold of a jet headed to her home country of Guatemala. She told officials she got the idea after hearing about the Santa Clara teenager who survived a five-hour flight from San Jose to Maui in the wheel well of a jet. | Adriana Anabela Monterroso-Santos allegedly walked on a runway Wednesday and waved her arms at a plane . Has since pled guilty to trespassing charges . 42-year-old woman was living in a homeless shelter near the airport . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This is the result when heat meets the freezing cold. As Canada remains in the grip of bitter cold and record snowfall, one venue decided to make light of the situation. The Takhini Hotel Pools in Whitehorse, Yukon, held their International Hair Freezing contest - and found some winners. Bathers (left to right) Fanny Caritte, Milena Georgeault and Maxime Goyou Beauchamps show off their frozen hair while bathing in a 40C in air temperatures of -30C at Takhini Hot Springs in Whitehorse, Yukon . Milena Georgeault and her friends were this year's victors, thanks to an elaborate freezing of their hair at the hot springs. So long as the temperature goes as low as -30C, the freezing of the hair can happen in under 60 seconds. The competition runs every year in February, and all candidates have to do is enter the springs and freeze their hair. To be in with a chance of winning a $150 prize, people have to post the photo of their frozen hair onto the venue's Facebook before the month is out. Milena Georgeault of Quebec shows off her frozen hair that helped her to first prize in the competition and a $150 prize . By doing so you will also be helping publicise this unique niche of the springs - photos may be used for advertising purposes unless you contact management to say otherwise. All contestants will receive a complimentary pool pass for having participated. The first building development around the hot springs can be dated back to 1907 when a man by the name of Mr Puckett purchased the land at a price of $2,000 per acre. Maxime Goyou Beauchamps was also one of the winners of the annual contest held in Yukon, Canada . The Takhini Hotel Pools in Whitehorse, Yukon, held their International Hair Freezing contest - and found some winners . The site became a popular place for parties - containing a few small cabins, two barns, and a store. Fast forward to present day and Andrew Umbrich and Lauren O'Coffey lease the hot springs to guests who want a unique experience. The venue hosts a number of themed events and discounts throughout the year, including mums go free on Mother's Day, and the same for dads on Father's Day. | The Takhini Hotel Pools in Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada held their International Hair Freezing contest . Competitors post photos of their frozen hair to venue's Facebook page . This year's winners were Milena Georgeault and her friends . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A 44-year-old man was killed and five other people were wounded when a gunman opened fire in a packed party in Detroit. The shooting took place at around 4 a.m. Sunday at the Chalmers Community Hall on the city's east side. According to WXYZ-TV the Knights of the Round Table Van and Truck Club had rented the hall for a celebration which was in full swing when the gunman sprayed the hall with bullets. Party: A 44-year-old man was killed and five other people were wounded when a gunman opened fire in a packed party in Detroit . Celebration: A company called the Knights of the Round Table Van and Truck Club had rented the hall for a celebration when a gunman sprayed the hall with bullets . Police spokesman Officer Aram Madeira told The Detroit Free Press that those wounded included a 44-year-old woman who was working as a security guard at a neighboring church. The other victims were two women ages 36 and 40, and two men ages 27 and 36. Dorian Simpson is a member of the club and was inside at the time. 'We were just celebrating, and like I said, I don't know what transpired to take place to where we at right now, today,' he said. The identity of the gunman is not known. Police now have three men in custody and are trying to learn more about the circumstances behind the shooting. Arrest: Police now have three men in custody and are trying to learn more about the circumstances behind the shooting . | Shooting happened at 4 a.m. on Sunday at the Chalmers Community Hall . Party was held by the Knights of the Round Table Van and Truck Club . Police have three men in custody and want to find out more about events . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Leeds United have been hit with more bad news as the Championship outfit's chief operating officer Matt Child has quit his role at the club with immediate effect. Child, who is a lifelong Leeds fan, took control of the day-to-day running of the club after president Massimo Cellino was banned by the Football League from having any involvement. However Child decided to resign from his post at Elland Road on Monday morning, leaving the club to look for a new chief operating officer. Leeds United chief operating officer Matt Child has left his role at the Championship outfit . Child took control of the day-to-day running of the Elland Road club following Massimo Cellino's ban . Leeds have yet to make an official comment on the reason behind his surprise departure. The Whites go into their last seven league games in 13th position. Neil Redfearn's side drew 1-1 with Championship strugglers Blackpool on Saturday. Leeds United drew 1-1 with Championship strugglers Blackpool at Bloomfield Road on Saturday . | Leeds chief operating officer Matt Child has left role with immediate effect . The lifelong Leeds fan took control of club following Massimo Cellino's ban . Leeds are 13th in the Championship with seven games left to play . |
Summarize the key developments in human evolution based on the paragraph below | Primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago (mya), in the Late Cretaceous period, with their earliest fossils appearing over 55 mya, during the Paleocene. Primates produced successive clades leading to the ape superfamily, which gave rise to the hominid and the gibbon families; these diverged some 15–20 mya. African and Asian hominids (including orangutans) diverged about 14 mya. Hominins (including the Australopithecine and Panina subtribes) parted from the Gorillini tribe (gorillas) between 8–9 mya; Australopithecine (including the extinct biped ancestors of humans) separated from the Pan genus (containing chimpanzees and bonobos) 4–7 mya. The Homo genus is evidenced by the appearance of H. habilis over 2 mya, while anatomically modern humans emerged in Africa approximately 300,000 years ago. | 1) Primates diverged from other mammals 85 million years ago
2) The hominid family emerged 15-20 million years ago.
3) Hominins parted from gorillas between 8 and 9 million years ago
4) Australopithecines separated from the Pan genus 4-7 million years ago
5) The Homo genus appeared over 2 million years ago
6) Anatomically modern humans emerged in Afirca 300,000 years ago |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)The search for a comic book artist missing in the Cayman Islands since Thursday is now being called a recovery mission. Norman Lee, an artist for DC and Marvel comics, went missing while snorkeling with his wife off the eastern coast of Grand Cayman, CNN affiliate WCVB reported. Strong currents hindered the search, which lasted until Friday evening, Cayman 27 reported. "It is unlikely that we will make any recovery at this stage," Chief Inspector Brad Ebanks told Cayman 27. Lee, 47, of Weymouth, Massachusetts, was known and for his work on "Wolverine Annual," "Supergirl," "Starman" and other comic book titles. Tributes flooded his Facebook page and Twitter from friends, fans and colleagues who knew him from art school and comic conventions. "I cannot express how shaken I am that I will never get the chance to see that smile again, and it saddens me that this world has lost a wonderful man in Norman Lee. To his wife Jan, and his family and all his friends and fans that loved him, my sincerest condolences," friend and fellow graphic artist Chris Kinniery said on Facebook. "I'm so sorry to hear about Norman Lee's disappearance. My condolences go out to his family. ... He was an amazing talent in the industry and it was always a pleasure to work with him," freelance artist . | Comic book artist Norman Lee went missing in the Cayman Islands on Thursday . Authorities called off search on Friday evening . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This is the massive Mexican, red rump tarantula discovered wandering around a football pitch in Maesteg, South Wales by a concerned member of the public. Bridgend council, which is now trying to track down the tarantula's owner, was alerted after the spider - which is not generally harmful to humans - was spotted by a passer-by at local Garth Park ball court. Local authority worker Dave Edwards scooped the arachnid up into a black bag before calling wildlife expert and TV personality Dr Rhys Jones, from Cardiff University, for advice. Dr Rhys Jones, from Cardiff University, best known as the star of the BBC One Wales series Rhys Jones's Wildlife Patrol holds the lost tarantula, showing how safe it is . Dr Jones, best known as the star of the BBC One series Rhys Jones's Wildlife Patrol, said: 'It is unlikely that the spider would have travelled from distance, given the cold spring temperatures and the proximity of local houses. 'The surrounding habitat offered little interest or cover for that species of spider, given that it mainly consists of large open fields which are patrolled by many aerial predators, including gulls and crows. 'These birds would have easily spotted this tropical spider and, given half a chance, would have eaten her. 'All things considered, the spider had a very lucky escape before a bird or cat killed it.' The Mexican red rump, or B. vagans in Latin, was made famous in Jack Arnold's 1955 sci-fi movie Tarantula, where an ill-advised scientific experiment leads to a giant arachnid breaking out of captivity and terrorizing the Arizona desert. Luckily for the population of Bridgend County Borough, however, the creature is not aggressive, and is currently being looked after by Dr Jones at Cardiff University. 'The red rump tarantula does not present a significant health risk to the general public. In the rare case of the spider biting, the symptoms would be similar to that of a mild bee sting. 'I'm happy to report that no one was unnecessarily frightened by the appearance of this spider on the loose. 'While the spider is now secure and recovering from its ordeal, anyone with nformation relating to this incident should either contact the local authority or the police on 101.' Councillor Phil White, Cabinet Member for Communities, added: 'It's not every day that you spot an exotic pet such as this outside of its home environment, so we are appealing for the owner to get in touch as soon as possible. Children playing football at Garth Park ball court near where the tarantula was found by a member of the public . | Concerned member of the public reported the creepy-crawly to council . Local authority in Maesteg, South Wales think it escaped from a home . The spider is now in the care of BBC One wildlife expert Dr Rhys Jones . |
Given the paragraph what are the recommended places to visit in Las Vegas? | The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard South in Clark County, Nevada, that is known for its concentration of resort hotels and casinos. The Strip, as it is known, is about 4.2 mi (6.8 km) long, and is immediately south of the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated towns of Paradise and Winchester, but is often referred to simply as "Las Vegas".
Many of the largest hotel, casino, and resort properties in the world are on the Strip, known for its contemporary architecture, lights, and wide variety of attractions. Its hotels, casinos, restaurants, residential high-rises, entertainment offerings, and skyline have established the Strip as one of the most popular and iconic tourist destinations in the world and is one of the driving forces for Las Vegas's economy. Most of the Strip has been designated as an All-American Road, and the North and South Las Vegas Strip routes are classified as Nevada Scenic Byways and National Scenic Byways. | The Strip is a recommended destination in Las Vegas. It's a boulevard lined with some of the largest hotels, casinos, and resort properties in the city. |
Currently, does Porthcurno mainly comprise farms and fisherman's cottages? | Porthcurno is largely not farms or fisherman's cottages today, having its linear centre inland, centred 6.6 miles (10.6 km) west of the railway, market and resort town of Penzance and 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from Land's End, the most westerly point of the English mainland. In the most local-level organisational and community bodies, it is in civil and ecclesiastical parishes named Saint Levan and usually spelt as St Leven since the 18th century. | No |
What is Intermittent Fasting? | Intermittent fasting is any of various meal timing schedules that cycle between voluntary fasting (or reduced calorie intake) and non-fasting over a given period. Methods of intermittent fasting include alternate-day fasting, periodic fasting, and daily time-restricted feeding. | Intermittent fasting is a time-restricted form of meal scheduling to reduce caloric intake by voluntarily abstaining from eating during defined periods. Various fasting methods include daily feeding during restricted time windows, alternate-day fasting, and periodic fasting. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The High Court has found Sydney radio station 2Day FM broke the law by airing a royal prank call which saw two presenters mimic Queen and Prince Charles. Djs Michael Christian and Mel Greig made the hoax call in 2012 to a London hospital, where the Duchess of Cambridge was being treated for severe morning sickness. The nurse who put through the call later took her own life. The Australian Communications and Media Authority on Wednesday won its appeal against an earlier Federal Court decision, with the court finding the call breached New South Wales surveillance laws. 2Day FM announcers Michael Christian and Mel Greig, who made a prank call to a London hospital in 2012 posing as Queen and Prince Charles . The High Court has found 2Day FM breached New South Wales surveillance laws, paving the way for possible penalties to be imposed on the station such as having their licence suspended or terminated . In its judgement, the High Court said 2Day FM did not obtain the consent of the hospital's staff to air the recording. The unanimous decision by the court paves the way for a possible penalty against the station, including being temporarily taken off air or even terminated, reports Mumbrella. 2 Day FM could also be subjected to 'enforceable undertakings to force future compliance, or further licence conditions.' In the call, the two announcers phoned London's King Edward VII Hospital pretending to be the Queen and Prince of Wales and seeking information about the pregnant Duchess of Cambridge. The two announcers managed to dupe nurse Jacintha Saldanha (left) into divulging information about the condition of Catherine, the Duchess of Cambridge (right,) who was in hospital for morning sickness . They managed to dupe nurse Jacintha Saldanha who transferred their call to another nurse who divulged private information about the Duchess' condition. Soon after the hoax was publicised, Ms Saldanha committed suicide. Both Mr Christian and Ms Greig were devastated by the nurse's death, and apologised for making the call. Ms Greig flew herself to London hto make a statement to the court and apologise to Ms Saldanha's family. ACMA sought to take action against the station for breaching a condition of its licence which stipulates that it would not use its broadcasting service in the commission of an offence. Soon after the hoax was publicised, Ms Saldanha committed suicide, sparking a storm of publicity across the world . | The High Court found the Sydney radio station breached surveillance laws . The ACMA has won its appeal against an earlier Federal Court decision . The station could be penalised by temporarily being taken off air . Announcers Michael Christian and Mel Greig made the controversial call . They duped staff into revealing the condition of the Duchess of Cambridge . Soon after the hoax was publicised, one of the nurses committed suicide . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | History man Steven Fletcher has spoken of his pride as he ended a six-year international scoring drought to become the first Scotland player to net a hat-trick since 1969. The Sunderland striker hit his treble in the 6-1 triumph over Gibraltar, with two Shaun Maloney penalties and a Steven Naismith strike also helping Hampden recover from the shock of Lee Casciaro’s first-half equaliser for the Group D minnows. Not since Colin Stein bagged four against Cyprus in 1969 had someone scored more than two for the national side. Steven Fletcher celebrates after scoring the second of his three goals against Gibraltar on Sunday . Fletcher (right) curls the ball around the Gibraltar defence to net his third goal of the game at Hampden Park . Regardless of the weak opposition in the Euro 2016 qualifier - albeit the Scots fell victim to the visitors’ first-ever competitive goal to make it 1-1 - Fletcher admitted he was thrilled to have achieved a feat that eluded even the great Kenny Dalglish. ‘I got asked after the Northern Ireland game if I could get a hat-trick and I laughed it off,’ said Fletcher. ‘I said I would be happy with one goal as I haven’t scored for a while. So to get the hat-trick was really pleasing. I was delighted. Gibraltar goalkeeper Jamie Robba dives to his right but is unable to stop the ball hitting the back of the net . Sunderland forward Fletcher is congratulated by his team-mates after scoring against minnows Gibraltar . ‘I’ve been told that it was 46 years since the last Scotland hat-trick and I was shocked. ‘I thought Kenny would have managed it so I am very happy and proud to be part of history. ‘It means a lot. It’s really good and it will be one of the best achievements of my career. ‘I’ve got the match ball and I’ll probably put it in a little glass cabinet. I have another one from my Hibs days when I scored a hat-trick against Gretna, so I will put it next to that. That was my last hat-trick so it will go beside that one.’ Fletcher had last scored for Scotland against Iceland in 2009, and had drawn a blank since his return from a 19-month international exile in 2011. The 28-year-old gave thanks to Gordon Strachan for sticking by him and hopes this boost will help him over the remainder of the Euro 2016 campaign, which continues with a crunch trip to Dublin in June. Fletcher was recently mocked on Twitter for buying a Lamborghini after inconsistent form for his club . Scotland boss Gordon Strachan admitted he is upbeat at his side's position in Group D after their win . ‘It’s been a while since I scored for Scotland and I was aware of that. I get told every day,’ he said. ‘It’s good to get off the mark again, especially after being out for a long time. Was it getting to me? Not really. I was still confident going in to games. ‘To be honest I haven’t had many chances in games but I had a lot against Gibraltar. I could have scored more than three but I was just happy to get the goals. ‘Getting the hat-trick will definitely help my confidence going into the summer. Hopefully I have done enough to stay in the gaffer’s plans and I’m looking forward to it. ‘The manager likes my link-up play. I know people have been saying I haven’t scored but I’ve been doing other parts. ‘He’s praised me for that and if I can keep doing that, and add goals, then I’ll be happy. ‘He’s been a massive support to me. He’s been great with me since I came back into the Scotland squad and I owe a lot to him.’ | Scotland beat Gibraltar 6-1 in their European qualifier on Saturday . Steven Fletcher scored a hat-trick; Scotland's first in 46 years . Fletcher scored his first goals in international football since April 2009 . The Sunderland forward admits he will cherish his hat-trick . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Real Madrid's Cristiano Ronaldo is currently Europe's 29th best forward in 2015 while Barcelona's Lionel Messi ranks first, a study has revealed. CIES Football Observatory have compiled the best-performing players in five positions this year, crunching the numbers by focusing on shooting, chances created, take-ons, distribution, recovery and rigour. The rankings throw up unexpected results with Manchester City's Gael Clichy crowned the best full back, and Arsenal's Mesut Ozil the joint-top attacking midfielder with Chelsea's Eden Hazard. Cristiano Ronaldo ranks 29th in a table of the best forwards in the top five European leagues in 2015 . Real Madrid and Portugal star Ronaldo played for his country in the weekend win over Serbia . CIES Football Observatory Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are: . Barcelona and Argentina star Lionel Messi ranks first in CIES Football Observatory's statistics . Ronaldo has scored just six goals in La Liga this year after winning the Ballon d'Or in mid-January, and rival Messi has swept the Real Madrid forward aside with 19 as Barcelona sit top of the table by four points. Messi, with the top score of 100 in the rankings, is followed by Bayern Munich's Arjen Robben (92), Wolfsburg's Bas Dost (77) and Barcelona team-mate Luis Suarez (71). Then come the Barclays Premier League's top scorers. Chelsea's Diego Costa (61) and Tottenham Hotspur's Harry Kane (57) have 19 goals apiece, and rank fifth and sixth as a result. Kane shares sixth spot with Borussia Dortmund's Marco Reus (57) as he continues to surprise at White Hart Lane, having earned his senior England debut against Lithuania. Barcelona's Messi ranks first in the list of the top 10 forwards, compiled by CIES Football Observatory . Arjen Robben (right) comes second while his Bayern Munich team-mate Xabi Alonso (centre) is in another list . The Premier League's top goalscorers Diego Costa (left) and Harry Kane come fifth and sixth in the list . 1. Lionel Messi, Barcelona (100) 2. Arjen Robben, Bayern Munich (92) 3. Bas Dost, Wolfsburg (77) 4. Luis Suarez, Barcelona (71) 5. Diego Costa, Chelsea (61) =6. Harry Kane, Tottenham Hotspur (57) =6. Marco Reus, Borussia Dortmund (57) 8. Lucas Barrios, Montpellier (56) 9. Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, Borussia Dortmund (55) 10. Christophe Mandanne, Guingamp (54) As for centre backs, since January 1, Bayer Leverkusen's Emir Spahic ranks first with a score of 100, but the Premier League is represented by three players in the top 10. Runner-up is Manchester City's Martin Demichelis (89), while Manchester United's Chris Smalling (76) and Marcos Rojo (68) are fourth and eighth respectively. Third-placed Mats Hummels (79) has long been courted by those at Old Trafford, and for good reason it seems. Louis van Gaal may well get the Borussia Dortmund defender this summer after Sportsmail revealed he promised Sir Alex Ferguson he would move to Manchester three years ago. As for full backs, it's more good news for those at the Etihad. Clichy ranks first with a score of 100 ahead of Real Madrid's Marcelo (75), while his team-mate Pablo Zabaleta (70) comes fifth. Bayer Leverkusen's Emir Spahic is ranked top of the centre backs in Europe since January 1 . Martin Demichelis (left) ranks second in the top 10 centre backs while Mats Hummels (right) is third . Gael Clichy (left), pictured at the Liverpool All-Star match, is the best full back, while Marcelo is runner up . 1. Emir Spahic, Bayer Leverkusen (100) 2. Martin Demichelis, Man City (89) 3. Mats Hummels, Borussia Dortmund (79) 4. Chris Smalling, Man Utd (76) 5. Thiago Silva, PSG (71) =6. David Luiz, PSG (69) =6. Stefan de Vrij, Lazio (69) 8. Marcos Rojo, Man Utd (68) =9. Konstantinos Manolas, Roma (64) =9. Neven Subotic, Borussia Dortmund (64) 1. Gael Clichy, Man City (100) 2. Marcelo, Real Madrid (75) =3. Marcio Rafinha, Bayern Munich (72) =3. Wendell Nascimento, B Leverkusen (72) 5. Pablo Zabaleta, Man City (70) =6. David Alaba, Bayern Munich (69) =6. Jordi Alba, Barcelona (69) 8. Layvin Kurzawa, Monaco (68) 9. Dusan Basta, Lazio (67) 10. Juan Bernat, Bayern Munich (65) Over to central and defensive midfielders, where Borussia Dortmund's Nuri Sahin (100) takes the crown despite his club's struggles in the Bundesliga. Runner-up is Juventus ace Paul Pogba (96) with Manchester City's Fernandinho (94) third. Xabi Alonso, at the age of 33, represents Bayern Munich in eighth place with a score of 79. Finally, to the attacking midfielders. The Premier League dominates this category with Chelsea's Hazard and Arsenal's Ozil sharing the top spot, each with the top mark of 100. Then comes Manchester City's Jesus Navas (86), joined by team-mate David Silva (77) in seventh. Fourth and fifth are occupied by former Premier League players in Wolfsburg's Kevin de Bruyne (85) and Borussia Dortmund's Shinji Kagawa (84). Borussia Dortmund's Nuri Sahin ranks first in central and defensive midfielders, while Paul Pogba is second . Chelsea's Eden Hazard (left) and Arsenal's Mesut Ozil rank joint-first with the top mark of 100 in their category . 1. Nuri Sahin, Borussia Dortmund (100) 2. Paul Pogba, Juventus (96) 3. Fernandinho, Man City (94) 4. Lucas Biglia, Lazio (89) 5. Ilkay Gundogan, Borussia Dortmund (87) 6. Marco Verratti, PSG (85) 7. Clement Chantome, Bordeaux (84) 8. Xabi Alonso, Bayern Munich (79) 9. Bastian Schweinsteiger, B Munich (78) 10. Arturo Vidal, Juventus (77) =1. Eden Hazard, Chelsea (100) =1. Mesut Ozil, Arsenal (100) 3. Jesus Navas, Man City (86) 4. Kevin de Bruyne, Wolfsburg (85) 5. Shinji Kagawa, Borussia Dortmund (84) 6. Marek Hamsik, Napoli (79) 7. David Silva, Man City (77) 8. Maximilian Meyer, Schalke (73) =9. Roberto Pereyra, Juventus (72) =9. Javier Pastore, PSG (72) | Cristiano Ronaldo ranks an astonishing 29th according to statistics . Lionel Messi ranks first out of the top forwards in Europe . Eden Hazard and Mesut Ozil are the joint-top attacking midfielders . Manchester City's Gael Clichy has been crowned Europe's best full back . CIES Football Observatory compile the rankings by focussing on shooting, chances created, take-ons, distribution, recovery and rigour . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Matt Lawton has been crowned Sports Journalist of the Year for revealing the Malky Mackay texts sensation. The Daily Mail's Chief Sports Reporter beat a stellar shortlist that included The Mail on Sunday's Nick Harris to win the award at the prestigious Press Awards. Chief Sports Reporter Matt Lawton (left) revealed the Cardiff text scandal in August (right) Lawton was named Sports Journalist of the Year for leading the way with coverage of the story . Lawton, who was also praised for his interview with sacked Manchester United manager David Moyes and a feature on Jonathan Trott's mental anxiety issues, picked up the award at the Marriott Grosvenor Square in London. Harris was shortlisted for his pieces on Tour de France winner Chris Froome, the Football Association's 'fixers' and his investigation into the 2022 World Cup in Qatar. Elsewhere, Mail photographer Kevin Quigley was shortlisted for Sports Photographer of the Year. His entry included the stunning images of Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard celebrating at Fulham, English cyclist Jason Kenny being beaten by Sam Webster at the Commonwealth Games and flares in the crowd at Arsenal vs Galatasaray. Sportsmail photographer Kevin Quigley captured this image of Steven Gerrard celebrating in February 2014 . Quigley also took these stunning photos of Arsenal's Alexis Sanchez and cyclist Jason Kenny (far right) Kevin Quigley (left) and Nick Harris (right) were both shortlisted at the Press Awards . Sportsmail was nominated and highly commended for Sports Team of the Year for coverage of Moyes' sacking at Manchester United, an investigation into rugby's drug problem and the on-going Concussion Campaign focused on rugby. | Matt Lawton revealed text scandal involving ex-Cardiff boss Malky Mackay . Daily Mail's Chief Sports Reporter named Sports Journalist of the Year . Mail on Sunday's Nick Harris also shortlisted for the award . Kevin Quigley was shortlisted for Sports Photographer of the Year . Sportsmail was highly commended for Sports Team of the Year . |
What are close cities to Legonice? | Łęgonice [wɛnɡɔˈnit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą, within Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą, 36 km (22 mi) south-west of Grójec, and 74 km (46 mi) south-west of Warsaw.
The village has a population of 440. | Close cities to Legonice are Nowe Miasto nad Pilica, Grojec, and Warsaw. |
Provide a bulleted overview of the components of GDP by expenditure | Components of Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure
Here is a description of each GDP component:
C (consumption) is normally the largest GDP component in the economy, consisting of private expenditures in the economy (household final consumption expenditure). These personal expenditures fall under one of the following categories: durable goods, nondurable goods, and services. Examples include food, rent, jewelry, gasoline, and medical expenses, but not the purchase of new housing.
I (investment) includes, for instance, business investment in equipment, but does not include exchanges of existing assets. Examples include construction of a new mine, purchase of software, or purchase of machinery and equipment for a factory. Spending by households (not government) on new houses is also included in investment. In contrast to its colloquial meaning, "investment" in GDP does not mean purchases of financial products. Buying financial products is classed as 'saving', as opposed to investment. This avoids double-counting: if one buys shares in a company, and the company uses the money received to buy plant, equipment, etc., the amount will be counted toward GDP when the company spends the money on those things; to also count it when one gives it to the company would be to count two times an amount that only corresponds to one group of products. Buying bonds or companies' equity shares is a swapping of deeds, a transfer of claims on future production, not directly an expenditure on products; buying an existing building will involve a positive investment by the buyer and a negative investment by the seller, netting to zero overall investment.
G (government spending) is the sum of government expenditures on final goods and services. It includes salaries of public servants, purchases of weapons for the military and any investment expenditure by a government. It does not include any transfer payments, such as social security or unemployment benefits. Analyses outside the USA will often treat government investment as part of investment rather than government spending.
X (exports) represents gross exports. GDP captures the amount a country produces, including goods and services produced for other nations' consumption, therefore exports are added.
M (imports) represents gross imports. Imports are subtracted since imported goods will be included in the terms G, I, or C, and must be deducted to avoid counting foreign supply as domestic.
Note that C, I, and G are expenditures on final goods and services; expenditures on intermediate goods and services do not count. (Intermediate goods and services are those used by businesses to produce other goods and services within the accounting year.) So for example if a car manufacturer buys auto parts, assembles the car and sells it, only the final car sold is counted towards the GDP. Meanwhile, if a person buys replacement auto parts to install them on their car, those are counted towards the GDP.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, which is responsible for calculating the national accounts in the United States, "In general, the source data for the expenditures components are considered more reliable than those for the income components [see income method, above]."
Encyclopedia Britannica records an alternate way of measuring exports minus imports: notating it as the single variable NX.[23 | The following are the five components of GDP by expenditure:
- Consumption: Private expenditures in the economy
- Investment: Includes business investments, but not exchanges of assets
- Government Spending: Sum of government spend on goods and services
- Exports: Gross exports
- Imports: Gross imports |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Previous stunts have seen him dangling from a zip-wire and dancing to the Spice Girls at the 2012 Olympics. Now Boris Johnson has donned a hairnet and yellow gumboots to pose as a fishmonger presiding over a spread of fresh fish and seafood, including a vast yellowfin tuna. The Mayor of London tried his hand at tuna loining, salmon filleting and ‘pin-boning’ - the art of removing fish bones using tweezers - as he launched National Apprentice Week yesterday. Scroll down for video . Boris Johnson donned a hairnet and yellow gumboots to pose as a fishmonger over a spread of fresh fish and seafood . The Mayor of London appeared to be having an enjoyable time as he poked a fish at the seafood factory in Chessington . Mr Johnson met apprentices working at the New England Seafood factory, where he confirmed plans for a £1.8million scheme that will create more than 3,500 new apprenticeships across the capital. He said: ‘Our new programme will reach out to those companies yet to dip their toe into the rich pool of talent contained in our capital.’ The London-based New England Seafood has taken on 12 apprentices since 2012, five of whom have gone on to take up full time positions. The company supplies fresh and frozen fish and seafood to leading supermarkets including Marks & Spencer, Sainsbury’s and Waitrose. Around 190,000 16-24 year-olds have become a London apprentice since 2010. Previous stunts have seen Mr Johnson dangling from a zip-wire and dancing to the Spice Girls at the 2012 Olympics . | Boris Johnson donned a hairnet to pose as fishmonger at seafood factory . Mayor of London tried his hand at tuna loining and salmon filleting . Mr Johnson was meeting apprentices at the factory in Chessington, Surrey . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A serial fraudster managed to con prison guards into letting him walk free from jail by sending them emails from the ‘courts service’ demanding his release. Neil Moore, 28, set up a fake website and sent emails purporting to be from the courts service to trick Wandsworth Prison into thinking he had been freed on bail by a judge. However, the ‘consummate and practiced’ conman appeared to have a ‘change of heart’ just three days after his release and was re-arrested after informing his solicitor of his actions. Neil Moore, 28, walked out of Wandsworth Prison (pictured) in March after setting up a fake website and sending emails purporting to be from the courts service to trick guards into thinking he had been freed on bail . Moore, of Ilford, north east London, had originally been jailed for an elaborate web of frauds which saw him posing as bank staff to dupe major organisations into handing over more than £1million. He pretended to be employed by RBS, Lloyds bank, and Bank of America to dupe companies into handing over money. Cambia Autos was conned out of £46,000 in November 2013, Thomas Global Exchange handed over £140,000 to Moore, TD Banking gave up $120,751, and Hogan and Vest was duped out of $739,439 in 2012 and 2013. Moore also targeted Volkswagen by posing as an employee of the Bank of New York in December 2013. Ian Paton, prosecuting, described Moore as a ‘consummate and practiced’ fraudster. ‘He [Moore] acquired bail forms that he adapted for his purposes,’ he said. Moore's transgender wife, Kristen Angel, 27, was at Southwark Crown Court today to support her partner . Moore had carried out the cons over the phone, leading investigators to suspect his transgender wife, Kristen Angel Moore, 27, of being involved as well, but the fraud charges against her were dropped. The couple are in a civil partnership but Mrs Moore has been unable to visit her partner in prison because of her transgender status. Moore admitted five counts of fraud at Southwark Crown Court today and planned to deny a further charge of unlawful escape and have it thrown out. However, when the prosecution said his case was almost ‘unanswerable’ Moore decided to change his plea on the latter charge to guilty. Judge John Price had said of Moore’s anxiety to press on with the case: ‘He can have his argument [dismissal of the count], but the defendant knows what he did or didn’t do.’ Moore had been in custody since January 21 last year and devised the escape plan from his cell. He successfully designed a fake website and sent emails purporting to be from the court service alleging he was legible for bail. On March 10, he collected his belongings and simply walked out of Wandsworth where murderers and rapists are held. At today's hearing, Judge Price ordered reports before sentencing Moore and said: ‘It is obviously going to be prison, but it’s important to know more about you.’ Afterwards, Met Police detective inspector Chris Soole said: ‘This is a very intelligent fraudster. ‘He was very apt at committing a number of different frauds across the globe. ‘This shows the Metropolitan Police’s commitment to investigating fraud and ensuring justice for the victims.’ | Neil Moore set up a fake website and duped prison staff into releasing him . 28-year-old claimed to work for court service and said he could be bailed . He managed to walk out of Wandsworth Prison with belongings in March . However, conman had an apparent 'change of heart' and reported himself . Was in custody for swindling millions of pounds by posing as bank staff . Moore admitted five counts of fraud and one of unlawful escape at court . |
What does it mean by Stochastic | Stochastic from Greek 'aim, guess' refers to the property of being well described by a random probability distribution. Although stochasticity and randomness are distinct in that the former refers to a modeling approach and the latter refers to phenomena themselves, these two terms are often used synonymously. Furthermore, in probability theory, the formal concept of a stochastic process is also referred to as a random process.
Stochasticity is used in many different fields, including the natural sciences such as biology, chemistry, ecology, neuroscience, and physics, as well as technology and engineering fields such as image processing, signal processing, information theory, computer science, cryptography, and telecommunications. It is also used in finance, due to seemingly random changes in financial markets as well as in medicine, linguistics, music, media, color theory, botany, manufacturing, and geomorphology. | The word Stochastic is used in many different fields and describe the processes that involve randomness. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Tony Irish, the boss of the international players’ union, has criticised the ICC over their decision to cut the 2019 World Cup in England to 10 teams, saying: ‘The global game needs a global view.’ With the likes of Ireland and Afghanistan – two of the more engaging sides in this year’s tournament – in danger of missing out on qualification in four years’ time, the ICC have faced tough questions over their commitment to spreading the game beyond its 10 Test-playing Full Members. But Irish’s comments, part of a wide-ranging interview with Sportsmail about some of the major issues faced by international cricket, carry particular significance: FICA, the Federation of International Cricketers’ Associations of which he is chief executive, represents the players unions in England, Australia, Bangladesh, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, South Africa and West Indies. Tony Irish, the South African boss of the international players’ union, says cricket needs a global view and not a 10-game World Cup that the ICC has planned for 2019 that will exclude the likes of Ireland (above) Fans of Afghanistan, who haven't been disgraced in their first World Cup in Australia and New Zealand . In other words, he is speaking on behalf of the majority of the world’s top cricketers. ‘FICA takes a global view on the game,’ said Irish. ‘One of the objectives must be to try to grow the global game. The opportunity for other countries to participate in the World Cup, the pinnacle tournament, is important. ‘However, we do accept the challenge relating to the length of the event. We think we should look at reformatting the event, perhaps into four pools, or having a pre-qualifier.’ Irish, whose push for FICA to play a greater role in determining the game’s future has not been helped by India’s refusal to form their own players’ union, said the format of future World Cups should not be influenced by the TV-driven desire to guarantee as many group matches as possible for the Indians. Afghan and New Zealand playes come together after their World Cup pool A match in Napier . ‘One can understand that from a commercial point of view, and from the point of view of satisfying the biggest cricket market,’ he said. ‘But you’ve got to balance against that the fact that a sporting event is a sporting event, and if a team performs poorly in a particular format, then that’s how the results go. The growth of the game is equally important. ‘The ICC has 105 members – 10 Full Members, and a number of competitive Associate members. The important thing is that the body that administers the global game needs to have a global view.’ Irish, who also heads up the South African players’ association, questioned how Associate nations were supposed to get exposure against the Full Members when the international schedule is already full to bursting. India haven't got a players' union which hinders the international union's powers to push for an inclusive game . He said: ‘There’s very little framework any more to the Future Tours Programme. It’s not being governed by a set of principles which allows… cricket to have a greater context. It’s a lot of individual agreements between countries, which are just plugged into a matrix. ‘It’s a pity the world Test championship has been shelved. The team rankings give some sort of context, but they’re extremely difficult to understand.’ And Irish is concerned that the takeover of the ICC by the Indian, English and Australian boards last year will result in an increasingly unlevel playing field at international level. Though the ICC have promised more funds to all Full Members and the best six Associate teams as a result of their latest broadcasting deal, many are worried that the Big Three will pull away from the Small Seven because they will simply schedule more lucrative series against between themselves. Under the old FTP, teams were obliged to play each other home and away every four years in series of at least two Tests and three one-day internationals. Now, the fixture list is drawn up on the basis of individual agreements between teams. ‘The fear is that the stronger countries will just play each other more and more, and the weaker countries will have less opportunity to play the stronger countries,’ said Irish. ‘The rich get richer, and the poor get poorer.’ For a full transcript of the interview, click here . | The ICC has cut the 2019 World Cup to be held in England to 10 teams . Players unions from the top Test playing nations call move short-sighted . Union boss Tony Irish said 'the global game of cricket needs a global view' Rather than less teams, they say the Cup's format should be revisited . A 10-team Cup almost certainly means the likes of Ireland won't be there . FICA represents players' unions from most Test-playing nations, not India . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Police officers on Merseyside are on alert for Sunday's crunch clash between Liverpool and Manchester United after a number of well-known United hooligans saw their banning orders expire. The match between the two fierce rivals, which carries the highest security risk rating, kicks-off at Anfield at 1.30pm. Along with the usual bragging rights, this season it also features the added tension of both sides being in direct competition for a Champions League spot. Police officers on Merseyside are on alert for Sunday's clash between Liverpool and Manchester United . And it is understood around half-a-dozen known United troublemakers are free to go to the game after orders preventing them from going to matches ended last year. United will take around 3,000 followers to Liverpool. While police are happy with the early kick-off time, they are aware of the various elements which could potentially turn things ugly but remain confident they can deal with any situations. In November, Greater Manchester Police (GMP) deployed around 400 officers for the Manchester derby, which the previously-banned hooligans were also able to attend. United earned a 3-0 win in the reverse fixture at Old Trafford in which Wayne Rooney scored the opener . Raheem Sterling had several opportunities to score for his team, but failed to find the net last December . While the match passed without major incidents of disorder a large-scale brawl was captured on a mobile phone video more than 90 minutes after the final whistle. There, a number of United fans fought with City supporters outside a pub close to the Etihad Stadium, setting off a flare and hurling bottles. Police said fans used chairs and wooden poles as weapons amid chaotic scenes. Five men were later arrested, while a man thought to be a City fan lay motionless on the ground after being punched and kicked in the head. He later declined hospital treatment. When Liverpool played United at Old Trafford in December the match, which ended 3-0 to the home side, passed with a small number of arrests. Police officers on Merseyside are on alert for Sunday's crunch clash between Liverpool and United at Anfield . | Number of well-known Manchester United hooligans have seen banning orders expire . Merseyside police are preparing for United's clash against Liverpool . The match between the two rivals carries the highest security risk rating . Both teams are battling for a Champions League place . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)When Oakland Raiders NFL running back Maurice Jones-Drew retired recently at just 29 years old, he said his life had been focused on football for 24 years and he needed a change. It's no wonder he wanted out. He has been playing football since he was 5 years old. Sound too young to strap on a helmet? Not really. Jones-Drew is no different from thousands of other boys whose parents introduce them to the gridiron just a few years out of diapers. Football is America's favorite sport. We pride ourselves on our toughness, on our ability to get back up when we're knocked down. What better sport is there to teach those lessons? But today, youth football is not looking like the best option. In 2012, an estimated 225,287 children -- down 9.5% since 2010 -- between the ages of 5 and 14 played Pop Warner football, in which the weight class for the 5-year-olds ranges from 35 to 79 pounds. With such lightweight boys competing with children more than twice their size, it's no wonder parents feel less inclined to put their kids in this sport. But not too long ago, parents thought nothing of sending their children out on the football field to run around and burn up a little energy. Many parents still insist youth football is safe. What could be healthier for a boy? Certainly, it beats sitting in front of a computer all day. That's exactly what Debra Pyka thought when she signed up her son, Joseph Chernach, for Pop Warner football in Wisconsin, then later in Michigan, when he was 11 years old, in 1997. If only she knew then that her son would be dead at 25. Joseph hung himself in his mother's shed on June 7, 2012. His brain was later found to have severe CTE, a degenerative brain disease that has been linked to concussions in football. Joseph Chernach had played sports, including wrestling, pole vaulting and football most of his young life. But he spent almost four years playing Pop Warner football from ages 11 to 14. "My son was the class comedian, loved school, always fun to be around," Pyka told me. "But we noticed after high school Joseph changed. He got depressed, angry, paranoid and withdrew from sports and his friends. We just didn't know why. After learning about CTE, I knew he had it even before we got the results. The symptoms were all there." Pyka is convinced those early days playing Pop Warner football triggered her son's CTE. Last month, Pyka and her son's estate filed a lawsuit against Pop Warner football for $5 million, claiming the nonprofit failed to protect its youngest players and warn them and their parents about the permanent dangers of head trauma. The lawsuit further alleges that Pyka's son and other children were intentionally put in danger because Pop Warner used amateur coaches with short tenures, who were never properly trained in the game of football, injury prevention, concussion or head injury identification. So now, this mother is on a mission. She wants to stop children younger than 14 from playing tackle football in youth leagues. "I don't want any kids to suffer the way my son suffered, the way my family suffered. It's devastating. Young children should not be allowed to play tackle football until they reach high school," said Pyka. Since filing her suit, Pyka, a registered nurse, said she's found some solace by connecting with other parents who want to make football safer for children, but she also has received plenty of hateful emails criticizing her for allowing her son to play in the first place. Critics say that she knew what she was doing when she signed her son up to play football and some even suggest that Pyka should be charged with murder for allowing Joseph to sign up for football, Pyka told me, clearly upset. "I didn't sign my son up to get a brain disease," she said. "We wanted him to play sports, to be active. We knew nothing about concussions then. It wasn't discussed much. It's still not talked about enough today. Should we all be arrested for letting our kids play football?" Clearly, the lawsuit faces obstacles, especially since Chernach did play other sports and it may be hard to prove the CTE was triggered by injuries suffered while playing for Pop Warner. But Pyka and her attorney, Gordon Johnson, at the Brain Injury Law Group, which is representing Chernach's estate, insist this case is not just about winning. They are going after the economics of youth football leagues. And if they win the lawsuit it may be less possible for those leagues to buy the insurance policies that allow very young children to play tackle football. "We have to prove that Pop Warner was a substantial factor in him getting it [CTE], and we knew from research that playing under 12 is when you're most vulnerable," Johnson told media when he filed the suit. "The airing of these issues will benefit everybody," he added. Jon Butler, executive director of Pop Warner Little Scholars Inc., told me on Thursday via email: "Pop Warner has been, and will continue to be, at the forefront of addressing player safety. ... While there is incredible sadness in this story, we question the merits of singling out four years of youth football amid a career of sports that lasted through high school." Still, when the lawyer talk is done, Debra Pyka won't get her son back. And amazingly, she did not sound bitter. And she's not out to end football. But "a 5-year-old playing football, it's ridiculous to have them out there banging their brains around." Some good has come out of all this, said Pkya. More people are talking about CTE. She said it's important that parents listen closely to NFLers like 24-year-old Chris Borland, the San Francisco 49ers linebacker who retired this week after just one season. Borland said he quit because he was afraid of brain injuries. He understands how his decision may affect parents and he has a message: . " Parents ... if you weigh the risk and decide this is something you want to partake in. ... It's a free country. ... But If I could relay a message to kids and their parents it would be twofold: Number one: make an informed decision. And number two: Don't play through concussions. Who knows how many hits is too many?" Considering the consequences, it just may be one of the toughest decisions a parent has to make. | Roxanne Jones: There's a reason why young NFL players are retiring from the sport . She says youth football is not looking like the best option for kids; parents should know the risks . |
How many windows does the building have based on the provided paragraph? | The main entrance on the west side of the building faces North 14th Avenue. The building is fronted by a concrete porch with three steps leading to louvered double doors surrounded by windows. Panels of five lights each flank the doors, and above it a seven panel fanlight frames a sign with the club's name. Gabled returns supported by pilasters and a pair of Tuscan columns show a neoclassical architectural influence. Two four-light windows with green shutters are centered on either side of the door. Each of the windows has green two-panel shutters with cutouts of a full moon on top and a crescent moon on the bottom. The north and south side have four windows each, and the back of the building has three. The building is painted white and sheathed in clapboard except the four bottom courses covered with asbestos shingles. The porches and roof are green. | There are a total of 13 windows.
The side of the house with the entrance has two four-light windows, the north and south side have four windows each, and the back of the building has three.
Therefore, in total, the house has 2 + 4 + 4 + 3 windows or 13 windows. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Scottish Championship side Alloa Athletic have pulled off a coup with the shock signing of former English Premier League star Michael Chopra. The former Newcastle, Sunderland and Cardiff forward was most recently contracted to Indian side Kerala Blasters, and had been training with Port Vale. But managerless minnows Alloa – who play on a plastic pitch at 3100-capacity Indodrill Stadium – have announced they had signed the 31-year-old until the end of the season, subject to international clearance. Michael Chopra (left) poses with Alloa Athletic caretaker manager Paddy Connolly at Ibrox on Tuesday . The 31-year-old joined Kerala Blasters in the Indian Super League in August but failed to score for them . Chopra takes to the pitch ahead of his side's Scottish Championship match with Rangers . Chopra was named among the substitutes for Alloa's game with Rangers on Tuesday night . Chopra poses with the shirt after signing with Alloa Athletic until end of the season . The well travelled forward has played for clubs including Blackpool (above), Sunderland and Ipswich . Alloa, who are known as the Wasps, face Rangers on Tuesday night in the Championship and the club are hoping international clearance will be received in time for Chopra to make his debut at Ibrox. The Clackmannanshire club moved for Chopra after their head of recruitment, Lee Ebden, became aware of the striker's availability after he left cricket legend Sachin Tendulkar's football club in India . Caretaker boss Paddy Connolly, filling the dugout after boss Barry Smith quit, was thrilled with the capture and reckons Chopra's experience could be vital for the Wasps in their fight for Championship survival. 'We are delighted to bring someone of Michael's pedigree into the club,' Connolly told the Alloa Advertiser. Chopra celebrates after scoring a goal for Cardiff in the Championship . The 31-year-old started his footballing career as a youngster on Newcastle's books . 'When the chance came up from the chairman, I felt it was a no brainer because of the level he has played at in the game. 'He's played in the Premiership down south for many years and then played abroad so he is a very experienced. I know the player through watching him over the years and he is still only 31 so I am sure he still has plenty to offer. 'He is still short of some match sharpness, but I am sure his arrival will be a lift for the players and the club as whole.' | Scottish Championship side pulled off a coup by signing Michael Chopra . Former Newcastle, Sunderland and Cardiff forward has joined Alloa Athletic until the end of the season . Chopra was most recently playing for India's Kerala Blasters before training with Port Vale . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A father of two young children who inspired millions of parents across the world with his blog posts about 'finding Heaven on Earth' has died from lung cancer at the age of 42, it has emerged. Oren Miller, a stay-at-home father to Liam, six, and four-year-old Madeline, was diagnosed with terminal cancer last May after suffering from shortness of breath and severe pain in his back. Tragically, he and his wife, Beth Blauer, from Owing Mills, Maryland, were told the disease had already spread to his liver, his lymph nodes and his brain. He was given only a year to live. Mr Miller, whose 'A Father and a Blogger' site was hugely popular among parents, battled stage four cancer for nine months, before succumbing to it on Saturday, his family told the Baltimore Sun. Tragic: Oren Miller (pictured with his wife, Beth Blauer, son, Liam and daughter, Madeline) was diagnosed with lung cancer last May after suffering from shortness of breath and severe pain in his back. He died Saturday . Father and daughter: When Mr Miller (pictured with Madeline), of Owing Mills, Maryland, was diagnosed, he was told the disease had already spread to his liver, his lymph nodes and his brain. He was given only a year to live . An inspirational figure: Mr Miller (pictured), whose 'A Father and a Blogger' blog was hugely popular among parents, battled his cancer for nine months, before succumbing to it on Saturday, his family said on Monday . A funeral service was held for him at Sol Levinson & Bros. Funeral Home in Baltimore on Monday afternoon. His death has also inspired hundreds of online tributes from fans and other bloggers. In one of his most prominent posts on his blog following his cancer diagnosis, Mr Miller told his thousands of readers: 'I believe in Heaven on Earth, and I believe it's found anywhere you seek it.' He continued: 'I found Heaven on long car rides with the kids', adding that he used daily trips to school to 'chat' with his children about their worlds, music, life values and, of course, 'nonsense'. And he said that he 'found Heaven on the dirty floor of a basketball court', where he would pass the ball back and forth with his then-two-year-old daughter as they waited for Liam to finish school. In a separate post, he wrote: 'We all know I will be loved until my last moment by people it has been my utmost privilege to know: by a wife I adore and two kids I'm in awe of every single moment.' In addition his inspirational blog, Mr Miller set up a Facebook page, 'Dad Bloggers', shortly after the birth of his son. The page currently has more than 1,500 members from over 15 countries. Family: A funeral service was held for Mr Miller at Sol Levinson & Bros. Funeral Home in Baltimore on Monday afternoon. His death has also inspired dozens of moving online tributes from fans and other bloggers . Couple: In one of his posts on his popular blog following his cancer diagnosis, Mr Miller (pictured with his wife) told his thousands of readers: 'I believe in Heaven on Earth, and I believe it's found anywhere you seek it' Moving words: The devoted father continued: 'I found Heaven on long car rides with the kids', adding that he used trips to school to 'chat' with his children about their worlds, music, life values and, of course, 'nonsense' Mr Miller's online presence was so great that when he was diagnosed with cancer nine months ago, his fellow bloggers, friends and other members of the public rushed to his and his family's support. They raised more than $13,000 for his medical care in just 24 hours. As word of his condition spread, they ultimately raised more than $36,000 for the Miller family,TODAY Parents reported. Mr Miller previously told the news site: 'I’ve always said that the group is not me, it’s whatever people put into it. But I’m equally as happy to see that people appreciate what I did, I guess.' Incredibly, the fathers within the 'Dad Bloggers' community rallied again when they learned that Mr Miller and his wife were forced to miss a Billy Joel concert in New York's Madison Square Garden. They recorded themselves covering Joel's songs from their kitchens, bathrooms and even garages, before posting a compilation to YouTube. Some played the piano, while others played the guitar. Happier times: Mr Miller's online presence was so great that when he was diagnosed with cancer nine months ago, his fellow bloggers, friends and other members of the public rushed to his and his family's support . Having fun: Mr Miller is pictured posing behind a cardboard image of a doctor (left) and with his daughter (right) Tribute: Dad 2.0 Summit paid tribute to Mr Miller on Facebook, calling him a 'forthright curator of online dads' In the past few days, hundreds of people have been taking to Mr Miller's Facebook page and other sites to pay tribute to him. Using the hashtag #Dads4Oren, they have shared their memories of him. In an online post, Australian blogger Dadinator wrote: 'Men don’t talk enough. It’s why we’re more likely to suffer mental illness. Why we die younger. Why we are more likely to take our own lives. 'Oren was a man who talked, who talked about the importance of talking and who shared himself and his journey as a father. But he was more than that, he built a community of men who talk.' Another blogger, Brent Almond, wrote on his Designer Daddy site: 'One of Oren’s greatest passions was for the words of modern fathers - regardless of the size of their audience or the strength of their voice - to be heard in a Facebook group he has built, maintained and supported.' | Oren Miller, 42, passed away from terminal lung cancer at 42 on Saturday . Survived by wife Beth Blauer, son Liam, six, and daughter Madeline, four . Mr Miller inspired millions globally with his posts about living with cancer . He wrote that he believes 'Heaven on Earth is found anywhere you seek it' He also set up 'Dad Bloggers' Facebook page, which has 1,500 members . 'Men don’t talk enough; Oren was a man who talked', fellow blogger said . |
Provide a list of all numbers mentioned in the provided text and what they represent | The ancestors of llamas are thought to have originated from the Great Plains of North America about 40 million years ago, and subsequently migrated to South America about three million years ago during the Great American Interchange. By the end of the last ice age (10,000–12,000 years ago), camelids were extinct in North America. As of 2007, there were over seven million llamas and alpacas in South America and over 158,000 llamas and 100,000 alpacas, descended from progenitors imported late in the 20th century, in the United States and Canada.
In Aymara mythology, llamas are important beings. The Heavenly Llama is said to drink water from the ocean and urinates as it rains. According to Aymara eschatology, llamas will return to the water springs and lagoons where they come from at the end of time. | 40 million: The number of years ago when the ancestors of llamas are thought to have originated from the Great Plains of North America
three million: The number of years ago the ancestors of llamas are thought to have migrated to South America during the Great American Interchange
10,000–12,000: The number of years ago camelids were extinct in North America
2007: As of this year, there were over seven million llamas and alpacas in South America and over 158,000 llamas and 100,000 alpacas, descended from progenitors imported late in the 20th century, in the United States and Canada
seven million: The number of llamas and alpacas in South America as of 2007
158,000: The number of llamas in the United States and Canada, that descended from progenitors imported late in the 20th century, as of 2007
100,000: The number of alpacas in the United States and Canada, that descended from progenitors imported late in the 20th century, as of 2007
20: The century where progenitors were imported to United States and Canada |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Douglas Costa will spark a transfer scramble this summer with Shakhtar Donetsk ready to sell their prized-asset. Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho is a known admirer of the Brazil international having tried to land the midfielder in the previous transfer windows. Shakhtar chiefs are now open to selling Costa this summer and talks with third parties over his departure are underway. Brazil international Douglas Costa is set to depart Shakhtar Donetsk for £25million in the summer . Midfielder Costa (left) could spark a bidding war from Chelsea, Real Madrid and Barcelona . The 24-year-old Costa wants to remain playing for a Champions League side and is open to a move to England . And the Ukrainian side hope to spark a bidding war for the midfielder in attempt to maximise his transfer fee, with a starting price of £25million. Costa is open to joining a Barclays Premier League club, but wants to be playing Champions League football. However, a host of Europe's top sides will also be in the running to land Costa this summer, Real Madrid and Barcelona among them. Arsenal have had Costa watched extensively, while Manchester United and Liverpool have both been linked with a move. Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho is known to be an admirer of the midfield player Costa . Costa has dual Brazilian and Portuguese nationality, removing any potential work permit problems . Chelsea are set to lead the charge for the 24-year-old having tracked the Brazil international for two years. Despite playing for Brazil, Costa has dual Portuguese nationality so should not face work permit issues. | Shakhtar Donetsk could sell Douglas Costa for at least £25million . Jose Mourinho is a known admirer of the Brazil international midfielder . Real Madrid, Barcelona and Arsenal are also interested in the 24-year-old . READ: Douglas Costa dreaming of summer move to Chelsea . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Three weeks after the disturbing video footage taken on the Paris Metro which shamed Chelsea an initiative is gathering support among fans to fight back against the racists who still attach themselves to club. Paris Saint-Germain visit Stamford Bridge for the second leg of a Champions League tie which will be forever tarnished by those Chelsea supporters who refused to let Souleymane S board a train at Richelieu-Drouot station as they sang: 'We're racist and that's the way we like it'. Many Chelsea fans are keen to use the return fixture to send a collective message around the world, and have been inspired to produce flags, banners, posters and T-shirts to project the mood. An initiative is gathering support to fight back against the racists who still attach themselves to Chelsea . Chelsea fans inside Stamford Bridge hold a poster saying: 'No racism at the Bridge. That's the way we like it!' There will be posters handed out, printed in both English and French which state: 'No Racism at the Bridge. That's the way we like it.' There will be T-shirts carrying the slogan 'We Only See Blue' and there will be flag hanging from the Matthew Harding Stand bearing a message: 'Blues Against Racism'. Souleymane has declined an invitation from Chelsea to attend the game but it is as if bearing witness to his experience, like something from Apartheid South Africa lurking amid the glitz of the Champions League, flicked a switch in the minds of thousands. Rather than cringe and ignore the ever-diminishing faction of racists who have lingered around Chelsea since the 1980s – and other clubs, it must be said - supporters are getting active at ground-level with campaigns which has the potential to be more powerful than all those well-intentioned messages from the top of society. Since the Metro footage went viral, another two incidents of racist abuse involving Chelsea-associated yobs singing on trains have been reported to police and are being investigated. Richard West, aka Mr C, the DJ and former frontman for the Shamen, poses in a 'We only see Blue' T-Shirt . Chelsea's programme cover for the match carried a clear message: 'We are all blue #equality' Chelsea supporters display a banner which reads 'We are all Blue' ahead of the match . Ben Price, a 37-year-old gardener and Chelsea supporter since the early '90s, set up a Facebook page which he found gathered rapid support at home and abroad. Paul Canoville, the club's first black player, was quick to back the movement, as was Richard West, aka Mr C, the DJ and former frontman for The Shamen, who is a Chelsea fan. Price was responsible for the 'No Racism at the Bridge' posters on show during the Burnley game, last month, and will be outside the Shed End, handing out more before Wednesday night's game against PSG. 'It's a message that says that collectively we do not tolerate racism and we cannot be branded a racist club,' said Price. 'It's a message for Souleymane S and for other clubs and their fans and for football's authorities like UEFA and FIFA and hopefully we can send it around the world, because the eyes of the world will be on us.' Chelsea captain John Terry wears a 'Support Chelsea, Support Equality' ahead of the clash against PSG . Chelsea fans unfurled a 'Black or white, we're all blue' banner during last month's clash at home to Burnley . West, who flew in from his home in Los Angeles, said: 'What we saw in Paris disgusted 99.99per cent of Chelsea fans. I've worked against racism all my life. The Shamen were playing at anti-racism rallies in the early-90s. 'I DJ around the world, in countries as diverse as Russia and Colombia. Everything I stand for in my art and my music has been equality and unity and bringing people together. 'To see this happen to the club I've supported for 39 years and to Chelsea fans all over the world broke my heart. It killed me. I was depressed for days and I am Mr Positive. You don't get more positive than me. We sang about moving mountains. 'I was angry that these numbskulls, these drunken idiots, were dragging our multi-racial club through the mud. It hurt. And it tarnishes English football, not just Chelsea, and it is important fans stand up against this handful of people.' West, who flew in from his home in Los Angeles said the scenes in Paris disgusted most Chelsea fans . Phil Keefe, who made one of the flags with his daughter Jodie, said: 'We talked about it and decided we had to do something. I used to come to Chelsea when the National Front sold newspapers outside the Shed. There is no way I want my club to be targeted again by those kinds of people.' Chelsea have extended their Stamford Bridge invitation to Souleymane S after he declined an opportunity to attend Wednesday night's second leg. 'I don't want to sit in that stadium next to those people who pushed me,' Souleymane S, who declined to reveal his surname, told RTL radio. 'I won't go. They can't buy me with a little piece of paper. I'm not a child.' A Chelsea spokesman said: 'We appreciate he doesn't want to come to this particular game, however, our offer remains open and we hope he'll take us up on it so he can meet real Chelsea fans and experience the true spirit of the club.' Chelsea's programme cover for the match carried a clear message: 'We are all blue #equality.' | Initiative against racism is gathering support among Chelsea supporters . Some Chelsea fans refused to let a man board a train in Paris last month . Those involved chanted 'We're racist and that's the way we like it' Jose Mourinho's side host PSG in Champions League last 16 . Chelsea fans will produce anti-racism banners and posters on Wednesday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This is the remarkable moment staff and passers-by help a woman as she gives birth to a baby girl at a high-speed railway station in China's Henan Province. Liu Qi, who works at the Hebi East Railway Station, was thrust into the role of midwife and rushed to the waiting room with a stretcher upon hearing the news that a woman was about to give birth. Liu said the woman was unable to walk at the time and that he and several other stewards were needed to assist her and her family. The woman went into labour as she waited for a train at Hebi East Railway Station in China . But as they waited for the ambulance to arrive, the baby’s head started to appear and the stewards were required to react immediately. Liu held the woman’s head back and placed her onto the stretcher before the ambulance finally arrived and medics could take over. After cleaning the mother and her newborn, the medics transferred them both to a hospital where they could be checked over properly. Liu Qi, who works at the railway station, was thrust into the role of midwife as the woman gave birth . The baby was born prematurely and admitted to a hospital affiliated with Henan Xinxiang Medical College . The video, captured by CCTV, shows the dramatic moment the woman is rushed from the platform on a stretcher and placed onto the ground before giving birth. As the baby was born prematurely it is currently suffering from jaundice and has been admitted to a hospital affiliated with Henan Xinxiang Medical College. Zhu Shuaichao, the father of the child, thanked Liu for his role in delivering the baby. | Mother rushed from the platform on a stretcher and gives birth on the floor . Liu Qi, who works at the Hebi East Railway Station, adopted role of midwife . Baby was born premature with jaundice and was taken to a hospital . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kabul, Afghanistan (CNN)For almost a week, avalanches caused by heavy snowstorms have killed 196 people in the mountainous province of Panjshir, Afghanistan, officials said on Monday. Ten new avalanches were reported early Monday morning, without any casualties. Over the weekend, a total of 40 avalanches hit the area, said Bab Jan Hakimi, head of disaster response at the Afghan Red Crescent Society. Rescue operations and emergency assistance by air and ground are still ongoing, Hakimi said. However, authorities fear the toll will grow much higher since rescue personnel have yet to reach the worst affected areas. President Ashraf Ghani, who visited the area on Saturday, declared three days of mourning in Afghanistan for the victims. Panjshir is a small, mountainous province north of the capital, Kabul. Its residents are generally poor, earning their living as farmers, shepherds or operators of small businesses such as groceries. CNN's Masoud Popalzai reported from Kabul, Afghanistan and journalist Naomi Ng wrote from Hong Kong. | Authorities fear the toll from deadly avalanche will grow higher . Panjshir is a small, mountainous province in Afghanistan . |
Please give me a short bulleted list of the most important facts about the album “The Dark Side of the Moon” from the rockband Pink Floyd | The Dark Side of the Moon is the eighth studio album by the English rock band Pink Floyd, released on 1 March 1973 by Harvest Records. Developed during live performances before recording began, it was conceived as a concept album that would focus on the pressures faced by the band during their arduous lifestyle, and also deal with the mental health problems of former band member Syd Barrett, who departed the group in 1968. New material was recorded in two sessions in 1972 and 1973 at EMI Studios (now Abbey Road Studios) in London.
The record builds on ideas explored in Pink Floyd's earlier recordings and performances, while omitting the extended instrumentals that characterised the band's earlier work. The group employed multitrack recording, tape loops, and analogue synthesisers, including experimentation with the EMS VCS 3 and a Synthi A. Engineer Alan Parsons was responsible for many of the sonic aspects of the recording, and for the recruitment of session singer Clare Torry, who appears on "The Great Gig in the Sky".
The Dark Side of the Moon explores themes such as conflict, greed, time, death and mental illness. Snippets from interviews with the band's road crew and others are featured alongside philosophical quotations. The sleeve, which depicts a prismatic spectrum, was designed by Storm Thorgerson in response to keyboardist Richard Wright's request for a "simple and bold" design which would represent the band's lighting and the album's themes. The album was promoted with two singles, "Money" and "Us and Them".
The Dark Side of the Moon is among the most critically acclaimed albums and often features in professional listings of the greatest albums. It brought Pink Floyd international fame, wealth, and plaudits to all four band members. A blockbuster release of the album era, it also propelled record sales throughout the music industry during the 1970s. The Dark Side of the Moon is certified 14 times platinum in the United Kingdom, and topped the US Billboard Top LPs & Tape chart, where it has charted for 977 weeks. As of 2013, The Dark Side of the Moon has sold over 45 million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling album of the 1970s and the fourth-best-selling album in history. In 2012, it was selected for preservation in the US National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". | - published on March 1, 1973
- recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London assisted by unknown sound engineer Alan Parsons
- Pink Floyd used innovative technologies such as multitrack recording and analog synthesisers
- the album explores themes such as time, death and mental illness
- as of 2013 Pink Floyd sold more than 45 million copies of “The Dark Side of the Moon"
- the album was the 4th best selling album of all time
- it was charted in the US charts for 977 weeks
- it was selected for preservation in the US National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" |
From this passage, tell me what was the highest grossing movie in 2022 and what was the second highest grossing movie? | Avatar: The Way of Water became the 51st film to gross $ 1 billion worldwide, the sixth film to gross $2 billion worldwide, the sixth-fastest film to cross the billion-dollar mark at 14 days, the second-fastest to gross the $2 billion mark, the highest grossing film of 2022, and the highest-grossing film of the COVID-19 pandemic era.
It had the 11th-biggest global opening of all time and the third-biggest global opening for a film in the pandemic era behind Spider-Man: No Way Home and Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness, earning $441.7 million in its first weekend.
It also achieved the second-highest global opening weekend ever for a film released in IMAX cinemas with $48.8 million.
With the release of Avatar: The Way of Water, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures led over other film distributors in worldwide box office grosses and crossed the $4.9 billion mark for the eighth year. Disney’s cumulative gross was generated from 16 film releases across its various studio divisions.
Top Gun: Maverick became the 49th film to gross $1 billion worldwide.
Additionally, the film surpassed Mission: Impossible – Fallout (2018) to become Tom Cruise's highest-grossing film of all time at the worldwide box office and also surpassed War of the Worlds (2005) to become Cruise's highest-grossing film at the domestic box office.
It also passed The Mummy (2017) as Cruise's biggest opening weekend at the worldwide box office and also passed War of the Worlds (2005) as Cruise's biggest opening at the domestic box office and his first film to open to over $100 million in the US.
It also passed Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007), another Jerry Bruckheimer produced movie, to have the highest Memorial Day opening weekend and passed Shrek 2 (2004) to have the lowest second-weekend drop for a movie that made over $100M in its opening weekend.
The film surpassed Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011) to become the highest-grossing film distributed solely by Paramount Pictures worldwide, and Titanic (1997) to become Paramount's highest grossing film in the United States and Canada. | The highest grossing movie in 2022 is Avatar The way of Water, which grossed $2B worldwide. I unfortunately cannot tell what was the second highest grossing movie as that information is not available in the passage you shared with me |
Give me a chronological bulleted list based on a timeline of events | Olson served as a law clerk for Judge Barbara Jacobs Rothstein on the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington for two years immediately after finishing law school. She served as a trial attorney and later Deputy Director of the National Church Arson Task Force in the United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division from 1992 to 1997. From 1994 to 1997, she also worked part-time as an adjunct professor at George Washington University Law School.
In 1997, Olson joined the Office of the United States Attorney for the District of Idaho, rising to the rank of Senior Litigation Counsel at the time of her appointment in 2010.
After Olson resigned in 2017, she joined the Boise office of Stoel Rives, a law firm that operates in the Pacific Northwest. In 2021, Olson was included on a shortlist of possible nominees to succeed Judge B. Lynn Winmill. | * 1992 to 1997: Olson served as a trial attorney and later Deputy Director of the National Church Arson Task Force in the United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division
* 1994 to 1997: Olson worked part-time as an adjunct professor at George Washington University Law School
* 1997: Olson joined the Office of the United States Attorney for the District of Idaho
* 2010: Olson rose to the rank of Senior Litigation Counsel
* 2017: Olson resigned
* 2017: Olson joined the Boise office of Stoel Rives, a law firm that operates in the Pacific Northwest
* 2021: Olson was included on a shortlist of possible nominees to succeed Judge B. Lynn Winmill |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An ironic venue choice has been made by the Liberal National Party's for the International Women's Day event. The annual luncheon event is set to be held at the exclusive men's-only club - the Tattersall's Club in Brisbane on Friday. The oldest and most prestigious membership club in Brisbane boasts that those who wish to sign up will enjoy unlimited possibilities, luxury services and the opportunity to join 'an influential network of like-minded members'. But if you aren't a man, you need to be a relative or friend of a member to be privileged enough to walk through the door and relish in these perks. The exclusive men's-only club - the Tattersall's Club in Brisbane is the ironic venue of choice for the International Women's Day event hosted by the Liberal National Party on Friday . An LNP spokesman said the venue was chosen due to availability, price and flexibility and location. Opposition Leader Bill Shorten asked Prime Minister Tony Abbott, who is also the Federal Minister for Women, to comment on the topic during Question Time at Parliament House on Wednesday. Mr Abbott replied that the venue choice should be deemed as a positive move - saying the last sexism barrier had been broken down. 'Admit women! Isn't that fantastic? At last, this bastion of chauvinism has admitted women and they've done it on International Women's Day because of the Liberal National Party, Fairfax reported him as saying. Prime Minister and Minister for Women Tony Abbott looking very smug after saying the venue choice was a sign that his party is 'smashing the glass ceiling yet again' 'Good on the Liberal National Party, smashing the glass ceiling yet again.' 'I say congratulations and thank God that bastion of old-fashioned chauvinism has finally collapsed like the walls of Jericho at the trumpet cry of the Liberal National Party,' he said . Parliamentary Speaker Fiona Simpson, who is the keynote speaker at the luncheon, did not seem bothered by the event being held at a club where women aren't allowed to join. 'I'm less troubled by openly 'male only' clubs or openly 'women only' gyms than I am by areas of society that have a veneer of equality but which hide structural impediments or unconscious bias that block women from opportunities,' she said told the Brisbane Times. Parliamentary Speaker Fiona Simpson, who is the keynote speaker at the luncheon, is not fussed by the venue choice . | Liberal National Party's International Women's Day event will be held at an exclusive men's-only club in Brisbane . Prime Minister and Minister for Women Tony Abbott says the venue choice was a sign that his party is 'smashing the glass ceiling yet again' Women are only allowed in club if they are a relative or friend of a member . The lunch will be held at the Tattersall's Club from 11.45am on Friday, two days before International Women's Day on March 8 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ronda Rousey recorded the fastest-ever finish in a UFC title fight as she submitted Cat Zingano after just 14 seconds in Los Angeles. Rousey was expected to face the toughest examination of her reign as bantamweight champion against the unbeaten Zingano. But having avoided a flying knee in the opening seconds, Rousey took her opponent down and set to work trying to execute her trademark armbar. Scroll down to watch Rousey beat Zingano in 14 seconds . Ronda Rousey manoeuvres herself into position to submit Cat Zingano after 14 seconds of their fight . Rousey attempts to lock in her trademark arm bar finish as she defended her bantamweight title . Rousey consoles Zingano after her stunning victory inside 14 seconds at the Staples Center in Los Angeles . Rousey grapples with Zingano before celebrating in the Octagon after her record-breaking victory . Ronda Rousey bt Cat Zingano via sub . Holly Holm bt Raquel Pennington via SD . Jake Ellenberger bt Josh Koscheck via sub . Alan Jouban bt Richard Walsh via KO . Tony Ferguson bt Gleison Tibau via sub . Roan Carneiro bt Mark Munoz via sub . Roman Salazar bt Norifumi Yamamoto N/C . Tim Means bt Dhiego Lima via TKO . Derrick Lewis bt Ruan Potts via TKO . Valmir Lazaro bt James Krause via SD . Masio Fullen bt Alexander Torres via SD . Rousey had landed on her head but the champion gracefully flipped Zingano on to her back, got up and manoeuvred swiftly into position to wrench Zingano's arm grotesquely. Rousey forced the challenger to tap out. 'We were expecting that she might come out and do something flying at me right away,' Rousey said. 'That's not usually how you land an armbar at that angle, but it works. It was a lot like judo transitions, where you scramble the second you hit the ground. 'I made that up on the fly, to be honest. But it was kind of funny: We were going toward the ground, and I kind of reverted back to judo mode and was thinking, 'Don't touch your back. It's a point.' 'That's where the acrobatic thing came from, was thinking about not touching your back in judo.' It was hard to work out who was more stunned, Zingano or the sell-out 17,000-crowd at the Staples Center. 'She's really good ... but that wouldn't happen again,' the beaten challenger said. 'It was a knee and then a throw and then a scramble, and then she was wrapped around my arm. I got caught. I was ready to do a million different things. I planned on getting in a fist fight tonight.' Zingano looks in pain as Rousey moves herself into position to execute the armbar finish . Rousey has won all 11 of her mixed martial arts fights and all but one inside the first round . Rousey celebrates as Zingano is attended to by the referee following her early defeat in Los Angeles . Dublin featherweight Conor McGregor (left) and light-heavyweight champion Jon Jones were in attendance . Former UFC heavyweight champion Brock Lesnar was Octagon side as Rousey eased to victory . For the first time in the promotion's history, two women's fights headlined a pay-per-view event as boxer Holly Holm made her debut with a split-decision victory over Raquel Pennington in the co-main event. Middleweight champion Chris Weidman originally was scheduled to fight Vitor Belfort but had to withdraw injured. Zingano had earned her title shot two years ago with an upset victory over Miesha Tate, but was forced to wait after suffering a serious knee injury before she was hit by her estranged husband's suicide last year. Holm, meanwhile, ended an 11-year pro boxing career to concentrate on MMA two years ago but looked far from the complete package against Pennington. Both fighters landed big shots during a stand-up fight, and while Holm finished with a bloody nose, she left Pennington with a swollen left eye. UFC Octagon girls Vanessa Hanson, Brittney Palmer, Arianny Celeste and Chrissy Blair pose for pictures . Vanessa and Brittney introduce the first round of the respective fights during UFC 184 in Los Angeles . Holly Holm (right) made a winning debut with a split-decision victory over Raquel Pennington . Holm moved from a boxing career to mixed martial arts and remains unbeaten . Pennington lands a left hand on Holm as she battled hard only to lose by split decision . Actresses Mandy Moore (left) and Minka Kelly pose for a photograph during the UFC 184 event . Vin Diesel was also at the Staples Center (left) as UFC president Dana White poses with Mark Wahlberg . | Ronda Rousey submitted Cat Zingano via armbar inside 14 seconds . Rousey made a successful fifth defence of her bantamweight title . The finish is fastest in a UFC title fight and joint-fastest of any UFC fight . Holly Holm beat Raquel Pennington by split decision on her debut . |
Other than Tanki, how many other known Amerindian settlements are on Aruba? | Tanki is Papiamento for "pond", and Leendert is a common surname. An Amerindian village has been discovered near the town measuring 450 by 400 metres. It is one of the four known Amerindian settlements on Aruba. European pottery, pipes and bottles from the 18th century have also been discovered on the same site, suggesting a later resettlement. | Three (3). 4 - 1 = 3 |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mrs Clinton has yet to comment on the row over her private email server . Hillary Clinton arranged for a ‘homebrew’ email server to be set up whilst Secretary of State amid an atmosphere of ‘what Hillary wants, Hillary gets’. A former senior IT official in the Department of State told Dailymail.com that Mrs Clinton was ‘demanding’ and that staff had to get things done without asking too many questions. The existence of the server at her private home in Chappaqua, upstate New York, would have been known to just a close circle of friends as ‘these are things that are not discussed’, he said. The former official also spoke of his frustration that Mrs Clinton’s actions had deprived the public of vital historical records. He said: ‘I don’t agree with it. This is history that you are throwing away here’. Mrs Clinton, who is expected to run for President in 2016, has yet to comment on the row over her private email server, which she set up in 2009 when she came to office. Federal law requires all letters and emails written by government officials to be retained for Congressional committees, historians and so the media can access them. However Mrs Clinton did not even have a government email address whilst serving as America’s top diplomat for four years until 2013. Mrs Clinton’s actions mean it will be harder to obtain copies of the emails through Freedom of Information laws - and could have been a breach of federal law. The former official said he did not know at the time what Mrs Clinton was doing but said that he was ‘not surprised’ when it became public knowledge. He said that under her watch the mantra was: ‘This is what the Secretary wants, this is what the secretary gets.’ He said: ‘If you’ve ever met a Secretary of State they are demanding...that’s the reason they head the Department of State. Hillary was no different’. The former official said that the rules from the National Archives are ‘antiquated’ and say that it falls on the individual to save their emails for archiving purposes. There is little oversight meaning that Mrs Clinton would have effectively been able to decide herself how she would be presented in the history books, which the official said was wrong. He said: ‘Once you get into the senior levels of government, anything we talk about is going to be of historical merit, even if it might be minor now. ‘Twenty years from now it could be a major thing’. Mrs Clinton’s actions mean it will be harder to obtain copies of the emails through Freedom of Information laws - and could have been a breach of federal law . The row over the server is acutely embarrassing for Mrs Clinton and has stoked fears among Democrats that she might make the kind of missteps in 2016 that she did when she lost to Barack Obama in 2008. Republicans have said that, aside from the potential breach of security, what she did was ethically wrong. Mrs Clinton has so far not described her motivation for using a private email account - [email protected] - which traced back to her own private email server registered under an apparent pseudonym, Eric Hoteham. According to the Associated Press, that name does not appear in public records databases, campaign contribution records or Internet background searches. Eric Hoteham was listed as the customer at Clinton's $1.7 million home on Old House Lane in Chappaqua in records registering the Internet address for her email server since August 2010. The Hoteham personality also is associated with a separate email server, presidentclinton.com, and a non-functioning website, wjcoffice.com, all linked to the same residential Internet account as Mrs. Clinton's email server. The former president's full name is William Jefferson Clinton. Jonathan Mayer, a PhD candidate in computer science & law lecturer at Stanford University, said that Mrs Clinton may have told her Internet service provider that she was starting a small business to allow her to set up the server. He said that Internet companies like Time Warner are wary about allowing individuals to do so as they might be hackers looking to send spam. Mr Mayer added that after carrying out his own tests it appears that Mrs Clinton’s server is still up and running, despite the ongoing row. He told Dailymail.com that it ‘does appear that it’s the same server, though I cannot be sure’. A Department of State spokeswoman has insisted that Mrs Clinton did not send any classified emails from her personal email account. She has also said that Mrs Clinton has handed over 55,000 emails to the National Archives, though not only after they were vetted by her team. Mrs Clinton has so far not described her motivation for using a private email account - [email protected] - which traced back to her own private email server registered under an apparent pseudonym, Eric Hoteham . | Former senior IT official in the Department of State said the existence of the server would have been known to only a close circle of friends . He said that under her watch the mantra was: ‘This is what the Secretary wants, this is what the secretary gets’ |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)At least a dozen tourists on two cruises that visited the Tunisian capital, Tunis, are among more than 20 people who were gunned down this week at the country's Bardo National Museum, officials said. Details of the victims in Wednesday's attack have been slow to emerge. Some of the bodies remained unidentified at a morgue, a forensic official said Friday. Here's what is known so far: . Among the first victims to be named was Briton Sally Adey. The UK Foreign Office confirmed her identity. She was a 57-year-old retired solicitor who was on a dream vacation with her husband, Robert, Britain's Telegraph newspaper reported. The couple were married in 1984 and have two children -- Molly, a 20-year-old university student, and Harry, a 23-year-old musician, the newspaper said. Julia Holden, a close friend of the Adeys, gave a statement to CNN that said, "Sally Adey was a much loved daughter, wife and mother. The family are devastated by her loss. They are also saddened for others who have lost people they love, and for those who have been hurt." Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond said consular staff were helping Adey's family. "The extremists, the terrorists, they hate democracy," UK Prime Minister David Cameron said. "They hate the idea that people should be able to choose their own government. But we must not let democracy, freedom, the rule of law, the things that we hold dear and people in Tunisia hold dear -- we must not let them be defeated or undermined by these extremists and terrorists. "That is the battle we are engaged in, but I'm confident, if we stick to our values, we will win through." Two more victims were named as Spanish couple Antoni Cirera Perez and Dolores Sanchez Rami. They were on a cruise that stopped in Tunis. Francisco Cabezas, a sportswriter with the newspaper El Mundo, wrote that his neighbors for eight years had loved children and walking in the mountains. Perez loved Formula 1 races. The sportswriter wrote that he recently invited the couple over to meet his baby daughter, Adria. They were ecstatic to hear the cries of a baby, he said. Perez instructed him softly, "Let her cry, that is what she has to do." President Francois Hollande, who said he stood firm with Tunisia, confirmed that three French citizens were killed and seven others wounded. He told reporters at an EU Council meeting in Brussels, Belgium, that two of the wounded were in serious condition. The five who are slightly hurt are expected to return shortly to France. Bruno Masarotto, a spokesman for the Town Hall of Aussillon, in southern France, confirmed that Jean-Claude Tissier, a former municipal councilor for Aussillon, was one of the French citizens killed. Tissier, 71, was a hairdresser and had two sons, one of whom is deceased, he said. Fellow hairdresser Serge Fournes said he and Tissier were part of the same theater group. He said it was a "paradox" that his friend, who was passionate about art, should die in a museum. Fournes said Tissier lived with his girlfriend. Media reports said the couple was on vacation together, but the girlfriend's condition wasn't known. A second victim was named as Christophe Tinois, 59, from Castelsarrasin, in southern France. The Castelsarrasin Town Hall confirmed his death and said Tinois had worked with the horse-riding community there. He had at least two daughters. Friend Jean-Luc Terriers said the girls' mother died about two or three years ago and that Tinois took care of her until the end. He had recently met another woman and they were in Tunis on a cruise, he said. It wasn't clear whether she was hurt in the attack. The Town Hall has organized a tribute ceremony for Tinois on Saturday morning. The name of the third French victim has not yet been confirmed. Two Colombians were killed, Javier Camelo, and his mother, Miriam Martinez Camelo. Javier Camelo also held Australian citizenship. His father survived the attack. He is a retired Colombian army general. The family was on a trip to celebrate the son's graduation. Four of the victims were from the country's northern Piedmont region. The media office of Turin City Hall named them as: Orazio Conte, 54, a Turin city administration employee; Antonella Sesino, also 54 and a city administration employee; Francesco Caldara, 64, a retiree; and Giuseppina Biella, 70. A vigil was held Thursday night in Turin to support the families of the victims and stand against terrorism. In a telegram from the Vatican, Pope Francis expressed "strong condemnation to all the acts against peace and the holiness of human life." The Italian Foreign Ministry told CNN that six Italian tourists were wounded. Russia's Foreign Ministry confirmed the death of a tourist, Galina Potapenko, who was born in 1962, according to Russian state news agency Tass. Her remains were "found among the earlier unidentified bodies of foreign tourists," it said. Another tourist, Nadezhda Lukyanova, was being treated for a wound to her arm at a military hospital in Tunis, Tass cited the ministry as saying. The two women had met up in the southern Russian city of Krasnodar, where Potapenko lived, and traveled to Italy together, the Russian Embassy said earlier, according to Tass. They reached Tunisia on an Italian cruise. The Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs said three Japanese nationals were killed and three others wounded. Public broadcaster NHK and other local media said the dead were all women: Machiyo Narisawa, 66; Chiemi Miyazaki, 49; and Miyazaki's 22-year-old daughter, Haruka Miyazaki. Haruka Miyazaki had just graduated from a university, the media outlets reported. Two Poles and a Belgian were listed among those killed. Three Tunisians were also among the dead. CNN's Junko Ogura, Karl Penhaul, Ray Sanchez, Livia Borghese, Jessica King, Claudia Rebaza, Richard Allen Greene, Sandrine Amiel, Emma Burrows and Ashley Fantz contributed to this report. | Details of the victims of the attack on the Tunisian museum start to emerge . Among the dead are four Italians, three French citizens, three Japanese and two Spaniards . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Reading must dust themselves down and turn their attention back to league matters when they host Brighton in the npower Championship on Tuesday night. The Royals face an FA Cup quarter-final replay against Bradford next week following Saturday's goalless draw in Yorkshire. But before that Steve Clarke's side must attempt to ease any fears of being sucked into the Championship relegation battle with two tough matches, the midweek visit of the Seagulls followed by a trip to promotion-chasing Watford on Saturday. Reading manager Steve Clarke watches on from the dugout as Reading drew 0-0 with Bradford on Saturday . Reading captain Alex Pearce broke his nose during the FA Cup last-eight clash . 'Between now and the replay there's two important games for both sides,' said Clarke. 'We want the same resolve and desire on Tuesday night, and hopefully a couple of goals and three points.' Clarke must decide whether to risk centre-half Alex Pearce, who suffered a broken nose in the bruising encounter at Valley Parade. 'I was delighted with the attitude from the players, it was top class,' added Clarke. 'I thought it was typified by our captain coming back on with a broken nose, nothing was going to stop him. His nose is miles over here somewhere. But he went back on, a proper centre-half. 'It would have been easy to say "I'm not going back on", but no, Alex said "patch me up, straighten it later" and he was straight back on the pitch.' The central defender played on after being patched up on the sideline at Valley Parade . Clarke said that Pearce's attitude typified his side and urged more of the same against Brighton on Tuesday . Brighton, a point and a place below Reading in 19th, will be without striker Sam Baldock who looks set to miss the rest of the season with a knee injury. Kazenga LuaLua is likely to come into the starting line-up in Baldock's absence and the winger expects a stern test against the Royals. 'It's going to be a tough game for us, but every match is going to be tough now,' he told the club website. 'Reading are not far from where we are in the league, but it's still going to be a very difficult game. 'They've a powerful team that has a lot of pace and they've got some good wingers as well. With the squad they have, they may feel they should be in a higher position, but this league is very tough and competitive.' | Reading drew 0-0 with Bradford in the FA Cup quarter-final on Saturday . Alex Pearce played on after breaking his nose during Valley Parade clash . Steve Clarke said the attitude of his players was epitomised by Pearce . Reading return to Championship action against Brighton on Tuesday . |
What are some of the common elements of visual design? | Design elements are the basic units of any visual design which form its structure and convey visual messages. Painter and design theorist Maitland E. Graves (1902-1978), who attempted to gestate the fundamental principles of aesthetic order in visual design, in his book, The Art of Color and Design (1941), defined the elements of design as line, direction, shape, size, texture, value, and color, concluding that "these elements are the materials from which all designs are built." | Line, shape, size, texture, color and direction are some of the common visual design elements. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Have Rick and his fellow survivors finally found a place they can settle in for the long term? That was the question left still unanswered at the end of Sunday night's season finale of "The Walking Dead," and a finale record 15.8 million viewers tuned in to find out the answer. Rick was back in "Ricktatorship" mode, telling the residents of Alexandria that he knew what it took to survive and they should follow him. That led up to one of many moments where we gasped during the 90-minute finale. Here are five of the biggest gaspworthy moments: . 1. Morgan is back . We've literally been looking for him all season, and Rick's old friend Morgan -- going all the way back to the first episode -- made a return appearance, wielding a stick he used to kick walker, and human, butt when necessary. And it was definitely necessary once he was captured by two men wearing W's on their heads, who, we would later learn, wanted to turn Morgan into a walker in order to join a horde of walkers they controlled. 2. Daryl looks done for . It was Daryl who happened upon that horde, and he and Aaron were soon surrounded and forced into a car, with little chance of escape -- that is, until Morgan rescued them. We rarely believe what we hear when there are rumors that Daryl might die, but that was a close one. 3. Carol and her casserole . Melissa McBride continues to steal scenes left and right lately, and her threatening of Pete while lending him a casserole may be one of the best scenes in the series' history so far. 4. Glenn gets shot . We seriously thought Glenn was a goner after a vengeful Nicholas shot him, then left him for a large group of walkers to attack. Somehow, Glenn survived and attacked Nicholas, but stopped short of killing him. That's our Glenn, always doing the right thing when it comes down to it. 5. Rick's memorable walker encounter . Just when you thought you'd seen everything, Rick literally squeezed a walker's neck then discharged a round causing the walker to spray out blood -- a walker he presented to the residents of Alexandria, in a bid to lead them toward survival. Rick was then rudely interrupted by Pete, who slashed Reg's throat in a fit of anger. At that point, Deanna told Rick to off Pete, which he did. Phew! It was one of the most intense episodes of the already hyperintense series, and our group of survivors somehow made it through. Fans on Twitter were into it. "That was the most intense hour and a half of my entire life," one tweeted. | "The Walking Dead" ended its fifth season with many shocking moments . SPOILER: Rick and crew made it through the finale alive . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A football fan is taking his later father's false teeth to his team's Wembley game tomorrow - as an unlikely lucky charm. Walsall FC supporter Jason Bailey has carried the dentures to every round of the Johnstone Paint Trophy and credits his lucky omen for the club's success this season. The club now find themselves at Wembley for the first time in their 127 year history and will play Bristol City tomorrow- a week after the 16th anniversary of the death of his father Christopher. Walsall FC supporter Jason Bailey has been taking his father's dentures to games since he believed they helped his club to victory at the League Two play-off final in 2001 . Jason said: 'This way part of him is there with me at Wembley and his teeth have always been my lucky charm. 'My dad took me my first Walsall game when I was just six-years-old. He was a massive fan but never got to see them achieve much. 'He had a ticket to all the games home and away and worked for them on security on match days. He would loved this moment. Mr Bailey, 44, began bringing the dentures to matches after he believed they helped his club to victory at the League Two play-off final in 2001. Christopher Bailey, pictured with his son in 1999, had taken Jason to his first ever Walsall game when he was just six-years-old . Mr Bailey, pictured with Christopher Snr (centre) and brother Christopher Jnr in Walsall in 1978, said bringing the dentures was a way to keep a part of his father with him . The superstitious fan even kisses the teeth, wrapped his in his father's favourite handkerchief for good luck. 'It first came about at the play-off final in 2001 at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff,' he added. 'We went 2-1 down in extra time so I got them out in the handkerchief he used to keep them in and gave them a rub and a bit of a kiss. We then went on and won the game 3-2 and I've never looked back. 'I've taken to them to every round of the cup this year - it's the first time I've done that and we're at Wembley for the first time in our history. 'I wish I'd done it sooner. It seems to bring them luck in big games . 'Previously I took them major games, such as the play-off final and other cup games against teams in other leagues. More often then not, we win when I've got them. 'I'll definitely give them a little rub and a kiss to help bring us good luck next week - I believe they will do the job and see us to victory.' Mr Bailey takes the false teeth wrapped his in his dad's favourite handkerchief to every game and even kisses them for good luck . When they are not accompanying Mr Bailey to a football game, his late father's false teeth are kept inside his wife's jewellery box . Mr Bailey's father Christopher passed away on March 13, 1999 at the age of 49 after he fell into a coma during a triple bypass operation in hospital. Bus driver Mr Bailey decided to keep his false teeth as a memento because he used to love playing jokes on people in the pub with them. His father would either drop them in people's pints or put them in bags of pork scratchings as a way of playing pranks on his friends. 'I kept his teeth because they brought back happy memories for me. They were a big part of him,' added Mr Bailey, a father-of-two. 'He used to drop them in people's pints and we used to drink Bank's Mild - it was thick so people wouldn't find them until they got to the end of their pints. 'He would also put them in his pork scratchings and take them back to the bar and complain somebody had left their false teeth inside them. 'He was a bit of a joker to say the least. ' Mr Bailey, pictured outside Banks Stadium, home of his beloved team Walsall FC, in the West Midlands credits his the lucky dentures for the club's success this season . Jason lives in Walsall, West Midlands, with his wife Lisa, 40, and they have two children Jake, 15, and Keenan, 13. Jake's middle name is Saddler after Walsall's nickname The Saddlers and Keenan's is Ray Graydon, the manager who got them promoted in 2001. He added: 'The wife weren't too happy with the middle names - but it had to be done. 'She suggested I keep the teeth in her jewellery box as she knows how important they are to me. 'Everyone laughs and think it's a bit strange- but it's my way of saying thank you to him. ' Mrs Bailey, a housewife, added: 'I suggested he keep them in my jewellery box as they are the safest place for them. I know how important the teeth are to him. 'He has banned me from going to Wembley though as, unlike the false teeth, I'm bad luck. Whenever I have gone to watch Walsall, they have lost. 'At first he wanted to name our first born after the whole team. I said no to that. We found a compromise.' | Jason Bailey began taking his father's dentures to football games in 2001 . The 44-year-old credits them for his club Walsall FC's success this season . He even kisses his late father Christopher Bailey's teeth for good luck . Mr Bailey is hoping they will bring him luck tomorrow at Wembley game . |
How does a pine cone work? | The female cone has two types of scale: the bract scales, and the seed scales (or ovuliferous scales), one subtended by each bract scale, derived from a highly modified branchlet. On the upper-side base of each seed scale are two ovules that develop into seeds after fertilization by pollen grains. The bract scales develop first, and are conspicuous at the time of pollination; the seed scales develop later to enclose and protect the seeds, with the bract scales often not growing further. The scales open temporarily to receive pollen, then close during fertilization and maturation, and then re-open again at maturity to allow the seed to escape. Maturation takes 6–8 months from pollination in most Pinaceae genera, but 12 months in cedars and 18–24 months (rarely more) in most pines. The cones open either by the seed scales flexing back when they dry out, or (in firs, cedars and golden larch) by the cones disintegrating with the seed scales falling off. The cones are conic, cylindrical or ovoid (egg-shaped), and small to very large, from 2–60 cm long and 1–20 cm broad.
After ripening, the opening of non-serotinous pine cones is associated with their moisture content—cones are open when dry and closed when wet. This assures that the small, windborne seeds will be dispersed during relatively dry weather, and thus, the distance traveled from the parent tree will be enhanced. A pine cone will go through many cycles of opening and closing during its life span, even after seed dispersal is complete. This process occurs with older cones while attached to branches and even after the older cones have fallen to the forest floor. The condition of fallen pine cones is a crude indication of the forest floor's moisture content, which is an important indication of wildfire risk. Closed cones indicate damp conditions while open cones indicate the forest floor is dry. | A pine cone consists of scales which protect seeds. The scales can open and close depending on conditions. The scales will open temporarily to receive pollen, then close again until the seeds mature. Once mature, the scales will open and close depending on their moisture content. Once the seeds are mature, the scales can open again to allow seeds to escape. When dry, the cones open allowing the small windborne seeds to disperse as widely as possible. This cycle of opening and closing continues until the seeds are dispersed. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A Southern European themed estate boasting 122 acres of rolling countryside and 39 acres of Shiraz, Cabernet and Semillion vineyard has become available, with a price tag of $30 million. The estate named 'Sweetwater house' located in Pokolbin, Hunter Valley has been listed on Domain for sale by expressions of interest. With 10 years in the planning, the magnificent sprawled location reflects decades of Southern European architecture with antique European fittings and fixtures taking a year to source. The $30 million property boasts 122 acres of rolling country and 39 acres of Shiraz, Canernet and Semillion vineyard . The property boasts high timber roofs and expansive living spaces . Double marble basins are scattered throughout the villa with a rustic themed kitchen . Located on the site of Australia's oldest vineyards, Sweetwater's planning becomes justified after seeing the vine-covered balconies and pebbled driveway encircling a courtyard fountain. Every tile and brick were imported creating decorative ceilings, flagstone floors and a sweeping staircase. It contains eight bedrooms, 10 bathrooms, a rustic kitchen with a cast iron Aga stove, an open fire, timber ceilings, four Juliet balconies and double marble basins. Four Juliet french balconies line the property adding to its European charm . Every tile and brick were imported taking a year to source . The $30 million was ten years in planning . Guests are placed in separate wings of the villa, away from the living and dining spaces. Along with the acres dedicated to vineyards, the land contains six dams, adding to the visual appeal. The estate includes a wine cellar, day spa, manager's gate house, plunge pool and olive grove. I has had interest primarily from Asia, however Australians are also showing some inquiry. It also comes with approval for a function centre and additional accommodation. A wine cellar, day spa, manager's gate house, plunge pool and olive grove are all included . The property comes with approval for a function centre and additional accommodation . The rustic kitchen contains a cast iron Aga stove and double marble counter tops . The entirety of the rolling expanse of countryside can be viewed from the four Juliet balconies . The property boasts crystal chandeliers, flagstone floors, French parquetry and a sweeping staircase . | The $30 million property boasts 122 acres of rolling country . The estate contains eight bedrooms, 10 bathrooms and six dams . It boasts a wine cellar, day spa, managers gate house and Juliet balconies . Interest has mostly been from Asia but Australians are also inquiring . |
What caused the Global Financial Crises? | The preconditioning for the financial crisis were complex and multi-causal. Almost two decades prior, the U.S. Congress had passed legislation encouraging financing for affordable housing. However, in 1999, parts of the Glass-Steagall legislation, which had been adopted in 1933, were repealed, permitting financial institutions to commingle their commercial (risk-averse) and proprietary trading (risk-taking) operations. Arguably the largest contributor to the conditions necessary for financial collapse was the rapid development in predatory financial products which targeted low-income, low-information homebuyers who largely belonged to racial minorities. This market development went unattended by regulators and thus caught the U.S. government by surprise. | There were multiple factors that caused the financial crises. Two decades before the crisis, the U.S Government implemented multiple new laws to help encourage financing for affordable housing. However, in 1999, portions of the Glass-Steagall act, which was passed by congress in 1933, was repealed and as a result, created more overall risk in the financial system as it allowed institutions to commingle low risk real estate investments with riskier investment operations. The final major factor was a large increase in predatory home loan lending practices which targeted low-income, low-credit, uninformed homebuyers (mostly racial minorities). The severity of these factors went unnoticed by U.S financial regulators and by the time the effects surfaced, the government was caught by surprise. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Modern women are suffering from an energy crisis. Competing in the workplace, caring for aging parents and trying teenagers, and busier than ever, we use anything we can to duct-tape our lives and ourselves together: comfort foods, alcohol, energy drinks, and an expanding array of antidepressants, anti-anxiety meds, painkillers and amphetamines. All in an effort to maintain our unnatural pace. Welcome to the increasingly altered states of America. Americans are about 5% of the world's population, yet we take half its pills, and 80% of its painkillers.This over-medication has led to record numbers of opiate overdoses and also to a growing number of women taking antidepressants -- one out of four and counting, according to a report issued by the pharmacy benefit manager, Medco. This is creating a "new normal," bringing closer the tipping point for when other women will seek chemical assistance. Like steroids in baseball, when everyone starts doing it, the players who don't are at a disadvantage. The overuse of psychiatric medication is called cosmetic psychopharmacology, and it's like cosmetic surgery: as more women get breast implants, the rest of us feel flat chested. But the new normal isn't normal at all. Certain antidepressants called SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) create artificially stable and elevated levels of serotonin, the brain chemical that helps regulate mood, which can dampen empathy and emotional reactivity, while higher doses can engender apathy. Women are naturally moody. Our moods change, and this emotional fluidity helps us to be adaptable and resilient. We are dynamic and responsive to our environment. There is a biological advantage to this sensitivity; we need to know what our nonverbal babies need, what our mates are thinking and to sense danger in our surroundings. Moodiness -- being sensitive, caring deeply and occasionally being acutely dissatisfied -- is actually a natural source of power. It helps to ensure not only our survival, but that of our offspring. Women's emotionality is a sign of health, not disease, and it is our single biggest psychological asset. Yet many of us are being convinced to medicate it away. The pharmaceutical industry spends billions in payments to physicians and direct to consumer advertising. Nine out of 10 pharmaceutical companies spend less on research and development than marketing.Steady doses of antidepressant advertising aimed at women advance the question from "Should I take an antidepressant?" to "Which one should I take?" These medications can have more far-reaching effects than most people realize, blunting empathy, passion, and sensitivity. SSRIs dampen sexual desire and response, making it difficult to climax and interfering with the evaluation of potential romantic partners. SSRIs also make it hard to cry, an important signal to ourselves and those around us that something is very wrong. Tears, and the emotions beneath them, can offer a profound lesson in how people's behavior affects others. We cry when we're touched by the poignancy of humanity, or when we're angry, or frustrated by injustice. And yet, women apologize for their tears, especially in the workplace, where we've been socialized to shut down expressed emotion; it interferes with our typical agenda of forward-momentum, and it makes people uncomfortable. The problem with shutting it down is that we're stifling a piece that we need, that our partners and families need, and that society needs, particularly as women continue to ascend to the upper reaches of business and government. The world needs more compassion, sensitivity, intuition and empathy. War, rape, murder, and corporate malignancy will flourish in their absence. Change comes from discomfort -- and awareness that something is wrong. Sadness and fear are not always symptoms to be medicated. Anxiety and tension come foremost from the denial of emotions, from their repression. My patients want to feel better, but really what many of them need is to get better at feeling. The shame that for centuries has been used by our culture to separate men from their true feelings is now spreading to women, who, by their biology, are the last and much needed connection to this natural place. As we embrace new technologies, we need to be careful that we don't go too far away from nature and what's natural for us as social primates. We insist on all natural products in our baby food and household cleaners. Why don't we insist on natural moods for ourselves? If we can live in a way that is more aligned to what is genuine for us, we will be calmer, more at peace and more fulfilled. But we are drowning in artificiality. There is a "plastic vortex" of garbage the size of Texas floating in the Pacific Ocean, synthetic fillers in our breasts and faces, virtual sex partners on our computers and artificially enhanced rationality from serotonergic antidepressants. We compulsively consume this fakery without satiation or satisfaction, because it is impossible to fill up on something that is almost enough. We need a course correction, away from the synthetic, so that we can live lives that honor how we feel. But to do that, we must be able to feel, to be our moody, authentic selves. That is the first step to wellness and to wholeness. Medicating yourself into complacency may leave you unshaken, but it also may leave you unfeeling and apathetic, making it impossible to address the causes of your pain. Don't put the alarm on mute. | Julie Holland: American women taking too many anti-depressants, blunting their valuable emotional reactivity, creating new normal . She says anti-depressants dampen moodiness, but it's healthy, useful for women to be moody. Changing natural state damages society . |
What causes the sun to rise? | Although the Sun appears to "rise" from the horizon, it is actually the Earth's motion that causes the Sun to appear. The illusion of a moving Sun results from Earth observers being in a rotating reference frame; this apparent motion caused many cultures to have mythologies and religions built around the geocentric model, which prevailed until astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus formulated his heliocentric model in the 16th century.
Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant: the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon. However, the term sunrise commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point:
Twilight, the period in the morning during which the sky is brightening, but the Sun is not yet visible. The beginning of morning twilight is called astronomical dawn.
The period after the Sun rises during which striking colors and atmospheric effects are still seen.
The timing of sunrise varies throughout the year and is also affected by the viewer's latitude and longitude, altitude, and time zone. These changes are driven by the axial tilt of Earth, daily rotation of the Earth, the planet's movement in its annual elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other. The analemma can be used to make approximate predictions of the time of sunrise.
In late winter and spring, sunrise as seen from temperate latitudes occurs earlier each day, reaching its earliest time near the summer solstice; although the exact date varies by latitude. After this point, the time of sunrise gets later each day, reaching its latest sometime around the winter solstice. The offset between the dates of the solstice and the earliest or latest sunrise time is caused by the eccentricity of Earth's orbit and the tilt of its axis, and is described by the analemma, which can be used to predict the dates.
Variations in atmospheric refraction can alter the time of sunrise by changing its apparent position. Near the poles, the time-of-day variation is exaggerated, since the Sun crosses the horizon at a very shallow angle and thus rises more slowly.
Accounting for atmospheric refraction and measuring from the leading edge slightly increases the average duration of day relative to night. The sunrise equation, however, which is used to derive the time of sunrise and sunset, uses the Sun's physical center for calculation, neglecting atmospheric refraction and the non-zero angle subtended by the solar disc. | Although the Sun appears to "rise" from the horizon, it is actually the Earth's motion that causes the Sun to appear. The illusion of a moving Sun results from Earth observers being in a rotating reference frame. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Liverpool defender Glen Johnson has no idea where he will be next season but it appears increasingly likely he will move overseas as his representatives have already held exploratory talks with foreign clubs. The 30-year-old is out of contract in the summer and negotiations over a new deal stalled at the beginning of the season and have never got going again. In January manager Brendan Rodgers said he was hopeful a solution could be found to keep the England international but with Johnson having lost his first-team place in the 3-4-2-1 formation which has been so successful since the turn of the year that now looks less likely. Liverpool's Glen Johnson in action with Chris Taylor during the English FA Cup quarter final match . He has long been linked with a move abroad - he has been free to talk to overseas clubs since January 1 - and the defender admits there have been discussions. Asked about his contract situation with Liverpool Johnson said: 'No talks. At this point I have no idea (where I will be next season). I haven't thought about it.' On his option to explore a move overseas he added: 'There are talks. It would be great for the kids to go abroad but I am not thinking about yet as we have two months left here and I'll think about it after that. 'We will have to wait and see.' Johnson warms up before the FA Cup Quarter Final match between Liverpool and Blackburn Rovers at Anfield . Ironically Johnson made his first start in 12 matches in Sunday's goalless FA Cup quarter-final draw at home to mid-tabled SkyBet Championship Blackburn. The team's performance was so alien to what fans have become accustomed to seeing since the turn of the year there were understandably some grumbles at Anfield but Johnson said it is inevitable players will be criticised when they fail to reach the high standards they have set themselves. Unbeaten in the Premier League since January 1 and playing football lauded as currently the best in the land has set a benchmark which is not always easy to achieve. Rovers stuck to their game plan of nullifying the threat of Adam Lallana and it worked as they drew . Phillipe Coutinho competes with Lee Williamson during the FA Cup Quarter Final match at Anfield . Rovers stuck to their game plan of nullifying the threat of Philippe Coutinho and Adam Lallana, Liverpool's two playmakers behind the striker, and were rewarded with a replay next month at Ewood Park - where they have already beaten Swansea and Stoke in the competition. 'That's football. You aren't going to play to the best of your ability in every game,' said Johnson. 'Whether you play well or not, the most important thing is that you don't go out of the cup. We're still in the draw and we can still win the tie. Johnson has no idea where he will be next season but it appears increasingly likely he will move overseas . Johnson's representatives have already held exploratory talks with foreign clubs in regards to a move . 'It was frustrating. Everyone wanted to win the game but the most important thing is that we're in the hat for the semi-finals. 'You've got to give Blackburn a lot of credit because they worked hard. They got men behind the ball. 'Hopefully we'll play better in the replay and get the win we want. 'The fixture list isn't too crowded for us now so having a replay isn't a big problem. 'We've got plenty of time on the training ground in between matches to work on things now. 'We're still confident we can go through. Hopefully we can pick up our performance.' Johnson vies with Crystal Palace midfielder Jason Puncheon Premier League match at Selhurst Park . | Glen Johnson is heading ever closer to the Anfield Stadium exit doors . The 30-year-old is out of contract in the summer and new talks stalled . Defender's representatives have already held talks with foreign clubs . In January manager Brendan Rodgers said he hoped to keep the player . CLICK HERE for all the latest Liverpool news . |
Extract from the text the name of the movie in which Matilde Ciccia had a role | Matilde Ciccia (born 6 October 1952 in Monasterace) is an Italian former ice dancer. Competing with Lamberto Ceserani, she won the gold medal at the Italian Figure Skating Championships several times. They finished fifth at the 1975 World Championships and sixth at the 1976 Winter Olympics. Ciccia had a role in the 1980 movie Zappatore. | Zappatore |
Given a reference text about the Eurovision Song Contest 1987, tell me where it took place, and how many countries participated. | The Eurovision Song Contest 1987 was the 32nd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Brussels, Belgium, following the country's victory at the 1986 contest with the song "J'aime la vie" by Sandra Kim. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radio-télévision belge de la Communauté française (RTBF), the contest was held at the Centenary Palace on 9 May 1987 (also Europe Day) and hosted by French-Belgian singer Viktor Lazlo.
Twenty-two countries took part in the contest with Greece and Italy returning to the competition after their absences the previous year. This set the record for the highest number of competing countries up until that point.
The winner was Ireland with the song "Hold Me Now" by Johnny Logan, who had also won the 1980 contest. He remains the only performer to have won the Eurovision Song Contest twice. | The Eurovision Song Contest 1987 took place in Brussels, Belgium and twenty-two countries participated. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Moscow (CNN)The Ukrainian girlfriend of slain Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov faces constant psychological pressure from Moscow authorities and fears she will be implicated in his death, her mother told CNN. Model Anna Duritskaya, 23, was walking with Nemtsov on Friday night when a gunman shot the politician about 100 meters (330 feet) from the Kremlin. "She was crying and she was saying Boris had been killed and he's lying next to me," said her mother, Inna Duritskaya. "She was in such shock she couldn't say anything else." Duritskaya said her daughter was questioned until 2 a.m. Monday. She said she fears authorities will implicate her daughter in the death because they have threatened to take her attorney away from her. The model had been staying at the apartment of an aide to Nemtsov under constant police guard. Late Monday, Yevhen Perebyinis, a spokesman for Ukraine's Foreign Ministry, tweeted that Duritskaya had left Moscow for Kiev. The assassination has spawned a flood of conspiracy theories. Nemtsov was one of President Vladimir Putin's most outspoken critics, and many suspect the Kremlin of either direct or indirect involvement. Inna Duritskaya said her daughter knew the risks of getting involved with the prominent opposition leader. "Of course when I heard she was dating him it was a bit of a shock," she said. "Then when I met him in person I liked him a lot as a person. He was straightforward, he treated my daughter very well, she was happy. And I couldn't influence it anyway; my daughter did what she wanted to. Of course, I was worried and scared, but I couldn't change it anyway." Thousands of Nemtsov supporters gathered Sunday in Moscow to mourn the death of the 55-year-old, who was deputy prime minister during President Boris Yeltsin's administration. The event took place the same day Nemtsov was supposed to lead a rally in Moscow decrying Russia's policies on Ukraine. Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko said Saturday that Nemtsov was about to reveal information that would be damaging to Russian interests, Ukraine's state-run Ukrinform news agency reported. "A few weeks ago I had a conversation with him on how to build relations between Ukraine and Russia, as we would like them to be," Ukrinform quoted Poroshenko as saying. "Boris said that he was going to make public the strong evidence for participation of the Russian armed forces in Ukraine. Someone was very afraid of that. Boris was not afraid, the executioners were afraid. They killed him." Putin condemned the killing and ordered three law enforcement agencies to investigate the shooting, the Kremlin said. The President also wrote to Nemtsov's mother, saying he shared her grief, and promised to bring those behind the killing to justice, the Kremlin said. Police said they are looking for a man with short hair who stands between 5 feet 7 inches and 5 feet 9 inches, Russia's Sputnik news agency reported. The shooter was wearing blue jeans and a brown sweater. The Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation is offering a reward of 3 million rubles ($49,000) for information leading to the arrest of the killer. It said the tipster will be guaranteed anonymity. On Monday, the Russian television station Dozhd published an interview with Anna Duritskaya after her release. Duritskaya told the interviewer she did not see who killed Nemtsov, but that when she turned around she saw a light-colored car driving away. Duritskaya said that her wish was to go home to Ukraine to see her mother and that she did not believe she could attend Nemtsov's funeral on Tuesday. Speculation has pointed blame at everyone from Putin, to a Putin associate, to someone just irked by Nemtsov's business activities. "I doubt it was a direct order from Putin, but it was this toxic atmosphere of hatred," Russian pro-democracy activist Garry Kasparov said. "It has been propagated by Russian television 24/7." Nemtsov's friend and political colleague Ilya Yashin blamed Putin more directly: "It's clearly a political murder," Yashin said. "I don't know who killed Boris, but I know that it's the government and personally Putin who are responsible for it." Putin offered a different theory: that the killing was a contract hit, but one meant to fire up political strife, his spokesman Dmitry Peskov said. One man near the site of Nemtsov's memorial said he thinks the killer was a Putin opponent. "I don't think Putin did this," he told CNN. "I think this was some radical group that wants to make Putin look bad." Nemtsov had said he was at risk for assassination. He told the Russian newspaper Sobesednik last month that he was "a little bit" afraid his mother's fears that Putin would have him killed would come true. But he added, "I'm not afraid of him that much. If I was afraid I wouldn't be heading an opposition party and do what I'm doing." Opinion: The complicated life and tragic death of Boris Nemtsov . Critics of Putin have in the past suffered miserable fates. Last year, a Moscow court sentenced five men to prison for the 2006 killing of Russian journalist and fierce Kremlin critic Anna Politkovskaya. Business magnate Mikhail Khodorkovsky accused Putin of corruption and spent 10 years in prison and labor camps. Late last year, Kremlin critic Alexey Navalny was found guilty of fraud in a politically charged trial. Russia's official news agency reported Monday that a request by Navalny to attend Nemtsov's funeral had been denied. And before his death, Nemtsov had been arrested several times for speaking against Putin's government. Kasparov, chairman of the Human Rights Foundation's International Council, suggested the killing was linked to the Kremlin's own insecurity. "If you are popular your critics don't have to be shot down in front of the Kremlin," Kasparov tweeted. "Putin is just food in a prison, eat it or starve." CNN's Diana Magnay reported from Kiev, Ukraine; Holly Yan reported and wrote from Atlanta; and Alla Eshchenko reported from Moscow. CNN's Frederik Pleitgen and Matthew Chance in Moscow contributed to this report. | Girlfriend Anna Duritskaya is under constant pressure by police, her mother says . Boris Nemtsov, a staunch critic of Putin's, was gunned down as he walked with Duritskaya . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Newcastle owner Mike Ashley has admitted his failure to invest in the squad in January has left them desperately short of cover as they prepare to face Arsenal with just 13 senior players. Head coach John Carver appeared for Thursday's pre-match press conference with a 4-4-2 line-up of players unavailable to him. It read: Rob Elliot (thigh); Paul Dummett (knee), Fabricio Coloccini (suspended), Steven Taylor (Achilles) Massadio Haidara (knee); Rolando Aarons (hamstring), Cheick Tiote (knee), Mehdi Abeid (thigh), Siem de Jong (lung); Papiss Cisse (suspended), Facundo Ferreyra (back). John Carver revealed that Mike Ashley regrets not investing in the squad in the January transfer window . The Newcastle owner didn't invest in January despite sanctioning the sale of Davide Santon . And Carver says he has been left in a difficult position after United's hierarchy – Ashley and managing director Lee Charnley – decided to allow defenders Mapou Yanga-Mbiwa and Davide Santon to leave the club in January without bringing in replacements. 'The fact that Lee and Mike have acknowledged that (we are paying the price for not strengthening the squad) doesn't make me feel better, but at least people understand that's what has happened,' said Carver, whose side have won just one in six since the close of the window as he bids to win the job on a permanent basis. 'Now whether it was me or Alan Pardew, if he was still here, that would be the same situation. Mike Williamson and Daryl Janmaat (centre right) are the likely pairing for the upcoming Arsenal match . Captain Fabricio Coloccini (left) was sent off for a reckless lunge and will miss the next three games . 'I have got to deal with that situation and I will. What I won't do is give up on it, I won't think, 'Well, I've got all those people out, that's it, that's me done, I'm not going to get this job'.' And Carver says the board have already made assurances of significant investment in the summer. 'The squad needs to be stronger and they have acknowledged that to me - they know they have to invest,' he said. 'I have been part of it in the last few weeks and there are things in place. That's from the top. They've got to do something about it, and they know that.' Mapou Yanga-Mbiwa (right) is someone Newcastle could do with but he was sold to Roma in January . | John Carver revealed Mike Ashley regrets not investing in January . Newcastle have only 13 senior players fit for Arsenal on Saturday . Daryl Janmaat is to cover the centre back position for the coming weeks . Click here for all the latest Newcastle United news . |
What does FAS, MTO and ATO stand for? | Final Assembly Schedule, often abbreviated as FAS and sometimes referred to as finishing schedule, is a schedule of end items to finish the product for specific customer orders in a make to order (MTO) or assemble-to-order (ATO) environment. | FAS = Final Assembly Schedule
MTO = make to order
ATO = assemble-to-order |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sweden's top flight players earn too much money and youngsters should see the league as a chance to develop rather than become rich, according to Helsingborg manager Henrik Larsson. The former Celtic, Barcelona and Manchester United striker, who started and ended his career at Helsingborg, was speaking at a media day to launch the 2015 Allsvenskan season, with his side kicking off at Kalmar on April 4. Appointed by Helsingborg last November, Golden Boot winner Larsson took over at a club that, although known as a powerhouse in Swedish football, found itself struggling financially. Former Celtic and Barcelona striker Henrik Larsson now manages at his former club side Helsingborg . To arrest the alarming economic slide, Larsson decided the fat wage packets paid by the club would be a thing of the past. With Helsingborg's blessing, he introduced a salary cap reported to be a modest 40,000 Swedish crowns ($4,700) a month -- about half the average wage in the Swedish top flight. 'I won't comment on the sums, but I will say that it's not the wages that Helsingborg used to pay in the past,' Larsson told Reuters. The former Sweden international gets emotional during his last playing appearance for Helsingborg in 2009 . 'I don't mind players earning money, but it should mean at the same time that the club is doing good. 'If the club is doing good, the club is getting income, then the club can share it with the players. But when the situation is not going according to plan, you have to look at the financial bit and see what you can change.' Larsson learned his trade with Helsingborg before traveling the well-worn path taken by Swedish players to the Dutch league, joining Feyenoord before moving to Celtic and winning global recognition, and no shortage of riches, for his scoring feats. Larsson won four Scottish league titles with Celtic and two La Liga titles at Barcelona plus the 2006 Champions League. The 43-year-old finds the back of the net for Sweden in the 2006 World Cup group stage clash with England . Larsson was a prolific scorer for club and country, celebrating against England back in 2006 . He recommended that young Allsvenskan players seeking to emulate his success and that of former Malmo striker Zlatan Ibrahimovic should play to develop their game, rather than their bank account. 'I think that the average wage in Sweden is too high. They won't be financially independent from the money they earn here (Helsingborg). 'They earn good money, but I think there has to be the desire to develop, to go on to a bigger league and earn your money there.' Helsingborg's wage cap might have restricted his options a little but Larsson said the chance to work with one of Europe's great finishers - himself - may have helped attract players. 'It's always difficult, but there are always players that have the desire to do something with their football,' the 43-year-old said. Larsson is a club legend at Celtic, seen here lifting the 2004 SPL title with the club he played at from 1997-04 . 'There are players who tend not to look at the money short-term, they have a bigger plan. I haven't found it that hard to attract good players to the club.' Among the players at his disposal this season is his 17-year-old son Jordan, who signed for the club several months before his father took over as manager. 'When we're at the ground he's a football player like everybody else. Even though he is young I expect him to do what everybody else is doing - I don't make a difference just because he's my son,' Larsson smiled. Having performed the near-miracle of keeping minnows Falkenberg in the Swedish top flight last year, Larsson is looking forward to being back in his home town. 'Everything is possible in football,' he said, not ruling out the possibility of a title run with his new charges. 'But for us the most important thing is to steady the ship and make progress with the team.' Larsson (left) celebrates winning the Champions League in 2006 with La Liga giants Barcelona . | Former Celtic and Barcelona star manages back in his homeland Sweden . The Helsingborg manager believes young players earn too much . Larsson introduced a salary cap for the club to begin in the 2015 season . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The NFL’s free agency began and blurred the boundaries between fantasy football and reality with a breathtaking first five minutes. Jimmy Graham is now a Seahawk. Haloti Ngata left the Ravens for Detroit and Nick Foles heads to the Rams with Sam Bradford heading the other way. Seattle gave up a first-round and a fourth-round pick from this year’s draft - and center Max Unger - to give Russell Wilson a red zone target in the shape of 28-year-old Graham. Jimmy Graham (right) has joined the Seattle Seahawks following four years at the New Orleans Saints . Max Unger moved in the opposite direction to complete a switch to the New Orleans Saints . With 4,752 receiving yards and 51 touchdowns since entering the NFL in 2010, Graham’s move is an admission by New Orleans that they mismanaged their cap. Meanwhile, Seattle welcome a player to their ranks once called ‘soft’ and ‘the most overrated player in the NFL’ by defensive end Michael Bennett. Ngata's move possibly signals the introduction of a 3-4 in the wake of Ndamokung Suh’s imminent departure to Miami. The Ravens reckoned that the nose tackle was too expensive going into the final year of his current deal. Detroit gain a 31-year-old run-stuffer capable of anchoring a defense and with experience of working with defensive co-ordinator Teryl Austin. Baltimore acquire fourth, fifth and seventh-round picks as part of the deal, ESPN report. Arguably Bradford is the happier of the two following the quarterback trade. He joins Chip Kelly’s fast-paced offense where his accuracy will put up the big numbers. That’s if he stays fit. After missing the entire 2014 season after tearing his ACL - his second such injury in as many years - injury concerns will plague Bradford for the rest of his career. But if he stays fit, the opportunity is there. Sam Bradford has joined the Philadelphia Eagles, while Nick Foles moved in the opposite direction . Haloti Ngata, pictured in white, has left the Baltimore Ravens to join the Detroit Lions . It is tough to say the same for Foles, who started 18 games for Kelly and won 14 of them. But after breaking his collarbone, he was jettisoned to St Louis, joining the likes of LeSean McCoy and Jeremy Maclin out of Philadelphia, who also re-signed quarterback Mark Sanchez on a $9m, two-year deal on Sunday. Elsewhere, the future of serial free agent and now Super Bowl-winner Darrelle Revis is uncertain and Percy Harvin is visiting the Buffalo Bills since his release by the New York Jets. Verstile tight end Julius Thomas heads to Jacksonville after agreeing a deal worth around $9m a season. Torrey Smith follows thew path successfully trodden by Anquan Boldin by joining the 49ers from the Ravens after agreeing a five-year, $40m deal. Frank Gore joined the Colts after ten bruising years in San Francisco. The bulldozing running back had looked to join the Eagles, but will be in the backfield behind Andrew Luck. Five-time All-Pro linebacker Patrick Willis announced his retirement from the game in a further blow to Jim Tomsula’s new-look franchise. And Jake Locker decided to call it a day at the tender age of 26. After four seasons with the Tennessee Titans, the quarterback says he no longer has ‘the burning desire’ to play in the NFL. | The Philadelphia Eagles and St Louis Rams agree a rare quarterback trade with Nick Sam Bradford and Nick Foles heading in different directions . Jimmy Graham joins the Seattle Seahawks from New Orleans to give Russell Wilson a new red zone target . Haloti Ngata heads to the Detroit Lions, giving defensive co-ordinator Teryl Austin an experienced nose tackle upon which to build a new 3-4 scheme . Torrey Smith leaves Baltimore for San Francisco on a five-year, $40m deal . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The family of Private Cheryl James, 18, pictured, died from a single gunshot wound to the head at Deepcut Army Barracks in Surrey in 1995 . A female soldier was subjected to sexual violence before her death at Deepcut Army base in November 1995, it has been claimed. Private Cheryl James was one of four soldiers who died of gunshot wounds at the base between 1995 and 2002. The 18-year-old recruit suffered a single gunshot wound to her head. An army investigation ruled that Pte James took her own life, while a coroner returned an open verdict just three weeks after her death. Now Pte James' family want a new inquest following the discovery of new evidence which could provide a different explanation for the tragedy. Last July, the family were successful being granted a new inquest, but the hearing his being delayed by Surrey Police. The family's legal team claim that new ballistics evidence as well as claims of bullying and sexual violence in the weeks leading up to Pte James' death. The 18-year-old from Llangollen, Denbigshire, north Wales died on November 27, 1995. She suffered a single gunshot wound to the head, with the bullet entering between her right eye and the bridge of her nose. Ballistics experts claim that it is highly unlikely that the bullet wound suffered by Pte James could have been self inflicted. Just five months before Pte James' death, Private Sean Benton, 20, from Hastings, East Sussex was discovered with five bullet wounds to his chest. The army maintained that Pte Benton took his own life in June 1995, despite ballistics evidence suggesting that only one of the five rounds was discharged at close range. In September 2001, Private Geoff Gray, 17, from East London suffered two gunshot wounds to the head while on guard duty. Pte James was one of four young army recruits to have died at Deepcut Army Barracks, pictured . Doreen and Des James , pictured, want a new inquest to find out what happened to their daughter in 1995 . On March 23, 2002, Private James Collison, also 17, was found with a single gunshot wound to the chin. Once again the army insisted that another young recruit had taken their own life. Although the families of the dead soldiers believe that authorities are trying to cover up the real cause of the deaths. During the most recent hearing, Alison Foster QC told the High Court: 'We will present shocking details which will pertain only to this girl. Private Sean Benton . The 20-year-old of Hastings, East Sussex, was found dead at Deepcut with five bullet wounds to his chest in June 1995. Despite ballistics tests suggesting only one bullet was fired from close range and the others from a distance, the Army says he committed suicide. Private Cheryl James . The 18-year-old of Llangollen, Denbighshire, was found with a single bullet wound to her head at the barracks in November 1995. An Army inquiry concluded she committed suicide while a coroner records an open verdict three weeks after her death. Private Geoff Gray . The young recruit,17, from Hackney, east London, was found with two gunshot wounds to his head while on night guard duty in September 2001. Five shots had been fired and the other three bullets were not found. A coroner records an open verdict after hearing that a figure was seen running away from the area. Private James Collinson . The 17-year-old, from Perth, was found dead with a single gunshot wound upwards through his chin while on night guard duty at the barracks in March 2002. The Army says he killed himself, but his parents do not accept this, insisting he had been happy. An inquest in February 2006 recorded an open verdict . 'We will be looking at the circumstances surrounding Cheryl's death including ballistics, harassment and sexual violence towards her.' Pte James' family want to have their daughter's body exhumed for a new examination which they hope prove that the young recruit did not take her own life. The 20-year-long legal battle is being supported by Liberty. Pte James' family are anxious that the new inquest into their daughter's death is opened as quickly as is reasonably possible. But Surrey Police want the inquiry delayed as the families of the three other recruits may wish to reopen their inquests. Pte James had been stationed at the controversial Deepcut Barracks near Frimley in Surrey for just 11 days at the time of her death as part of the Royal Logistics Corps. She was found on November 27, 1995 at 8.30am near her guard post. The was armed with a standard-issue SA80 rifle. Surrey Police conducted their own investigation into the death which formed part of a 44-volume case file. It included statements, documents, notes, photographs and forensic evidence. Liberty successfully managed to force Surrey Police, using the Human Rights Act, to hand over the dossier, which is central to the latest legal bid. Emma Norton, Legal Officer for Liberty, said: 'Cheryl died in 1995. Surrey Police held onto all the sensitive material about Cheryl’s death, refusing to hand it over to the family until 2012 – and then only under threat of litigation using the Human Rights Act. 'The content of the disclosure is shocking and it was on the basis of that evidence that the High Court ordered a fresh inquest. 'After almost 20 years her case is finally ready to proceed. 'That it should now be Surrey Police – again – that is standing in the way of the investigation by asking for the case to be delayed is deeply upsetting to Cheryl’s parents.' An independent investigation into the four deaths published in 2006 found 'clear evidence of found abuse', 'institutional failings' and a 'culture of intimidation' at Deepcut Barracks. But the report, which had been commissioned by the Ministry of Defence found that Pte James and her comrades had not been 'bullied to death' and had probably taken their own lives. Last July, Mr Justice Mitting and Judge Peter Thorton granted permission for a new inquest into Pte James' death. After reviewing the most recent evidence, they agreed there had been 'an insufficiency of inquiry' during the 1995 inquest and quashed the open verdict. Judge Thornton added: 'The discovery of new facts or evidence made a fresh investigation including a fresh inquest necessary or desirable in the interests of justice.' A spokeswoman for Surrey Police said: 'Surrey Police is supportive of the view that there should be a thorough inquest into the circumstances in which Pte Cheryl James died. 'The Force continues to provide voluntary disclosure of documents relating to Pte James and has as a dedicated team to complete this as quickly and effectively as possible. 'At a pre inquest review on February 27th, His Honour Justice Barker was asked to consider the merits of holding any new inquests arising from the deaths of Pte Cheryl James, Pte Sean Benton, Pte Geoff Gray and Pte James Collinson, together or individually. 'This was raised as a matter for consideration and Surrey Police will fully support the coronial process. Our thoughts remain with the family of Pte James.' | Private Cheryl James died at Deepcut Barracks on November 27, 1995 . The army claimed she took her own life just 11 days arriving in Deepcut . The 18-year-old recruit suffered a single gunshot wound to the head . Was one of four young recruits to die at Deepcut between 1995 and 2002 . Evidence of alleged sexual violence has emerged in Pte James' case . Her family hope a new inquest will discover the reason behind her death . |
What is Aerial Yoga | Aerial yoga is a hybrid type of yoga developed by Michelle Dortignac in 2006 combining traditional yoga poses, pilates, and dance with the use of a hammock. | Aerial yoga is is the process of hanging from a yoga sling or hammock to practice yoga postures while hanging freely in the air. Stretching is assisted by the force of gravity and the swinging action can be relaxing and distracting for the mind. |
Extract the architectural details with respect to the Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral in Colombia. Separate key items with a new line that begins with a hyphen. | The Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral (Spanish: Catedral de Nuestra Señora del Rosario) Also Girardota Cathedral is a cathedral of the Catholic church under the invocation of the Virgin of the Rosary. It is a Neo-Romanesque style building, built in solid brick in sight, took 32 years to build and was designed by the French architect Charles Émile Carré (1863-1909), better known as Carlos Carré. The cathedral is located on the eastern side of the main park of the municipality of Girardota, north of the Aburrá Valley, (Antioquia) in the South American country of Colombia.
At first, the building began as a parochial church and in 1988 was elevated to the rank of cathedral, when Pope John Paul II by the Bull "Qui Peculiari" created the Diocese of Girardota establishing this municipality as the head of the new bishopric.
In addition, the cathedral is one of the main pilgrimage sites of the Valley of Aburrá, inside it is the image of the Fallen Lord of Girardota. He is credited with "hundreds of miracles" and pilgrims travel there to keep their promises. | The Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral is an architectural wonder. Here are a few reasons why:
- It was designed by Charles Émile Carré, born in 1863 and passed away in 1909.
- Its architectural style is Neo-Romanesque.
- It took over 32 years to build.
- It's built of solid brick. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It has been an annus horribilis for British clubs in Europe. Ten clubs from north and south of the border began their European campaigns last year, with dreams of Berlin and Warsaw. But before Easter, all have seen them shattered. Here's how. Europa League qualifier: Motherwell 2-3 Stjarnan (agg 4-5) - July 24, 2014 . Motherwell's European campaign ended before it began with an extra-time defeat in Iceland. Stuart McCall's men led the first-leg tie 2-0 but were pegged back at Fir Park, and Atli Johannsson's 113th-minute goal won it for the minnows. Josh Law netted for Motherwell but their European dream was over way back in July at Fir Park . Europa League third qualifying round: Aberdeen 2-3 Real Sociedad (agg 2-5) - August 7, 2014 . After seeing off Daugava Riga and Groningen, Derek McInnes' side lost 2-0 in Spain but were on the brink of a famous victory. Leading 2-1 with less than five minutes to go, Xabi Prieto's penalty and Markel Bergara's late winner stunned Pittodrie. Jonathan Hayes holds off Ruben Pardo but Aberdeen crashed out of the Europa League to Real Sociedad . Motherwell's Craig Reid (left) and Aberdeen's Mark Reynolds show the pain of defeat . Europa League qualifier: Hull 2-2 KSC Lokeren - August 28, 2014 . They had waited 110 years for continental competition in Hull, but after two ties Steve Bruce's Europa League dream was over before the Europa League group stage had even begun. The Tigers managed a 2-1 second leg victory at the KC Stadium, but the 1-0 defeat a week earlier meant early exile. Hull City fancied their chances against Lokeren but had Yannick Sagbo as they exited early . Europa League last 32 : Celtic lose 3-4 Inter Milan - February 26, 2015 . Ronny Deila's side produced a memorable first leg performance against Inter Milan, but conceded three away goals in doing so. A late Fredy Guarin strike at the San Siro sent 10-man Celtic out of Europe. Celtic would have struggled even more against Inter Milan had it not been for goalkeeper Craig Gordon . Hull's Maynor Figueroa (left) and Celtic's James Forrest look dejected after their respective losses . Europa League last 32: Liverpool lose 5-4 on penalties to Besiktas – February 26, 2015 . Liverpool started their campaign in the Champions League, but looked ordinary against Besiktas in the Europa League round of 32 second leg. Tolgay Arslan's effort sent to tie into extra-time before Dejan Lovren missed the crucial penalty to condem the Red to defeat in Istanbul. Dejan Lovren missed the crucial penalty to send Besiktas through . Europa League last 32: Fiorentina 3-1 Tottenham – February 26, 2015 . The Spurs faithful had just started to dream of a Europa League and Capital One Cup double when goals from Mario Gomez and Mohamed Salah put paid to another English exit. Kyle Walker shows his pain after being eliminated in Florence . Champions League last 16: Chelsea 2-2 PSG – March 11, 2015 . Chelsea were the first team in Champions League history to exit the Champions League without actually losing a game. Jose Mourinho's defensive tactics backfired hugely against an extremely talented PSG side, who fought to a 2-2 draw after 120 minutes at Stamford Bridge. Diego Costa (left) and Kurt Zouma look bemused as 10-man PSG staged a remarkable fightback . David Luiz - back at Stamford Bridge - scored as Chelsea failed to beat 10-man Paris St-Germain . Champions League last 16: Arsenal 3-3 Monaco (out on away goals) – March 17, 2015 . The Gunners had it all to do after a shock 3-1 defeat against Monaco at the Emirates. It proved too big a task as goals from Olivier Giroud and Aaron Ramsey left Arsenal one goal shy of a place in the Champions League quarter-finals. Mesut Ozil (right) can't bare to watch after the final whistle in Monaco . Champions League last 16 : Manchester City 1-3 Barcelona – March 18, 2015 . The pressure was well and truly on City and Manuel Pellegrini after being outplayed by Barcelona at the Etihad in the first leg. Things didn't get any better at the Nou Camp as a superb performance from Joe Hart was the only thing stopping an onslaught from Lionel Messi and Co. Sergio Aguero missed a penalty as Manchester City were dumped out of Europe by Barcelona . Europa League last 16: Everton 4-6 Dynamo Kiev – March 19, 2015 . And so, it was left to Roberto Martinez's Everton side to pick up the pieces and fly the flag for English football in Europe. After a 2-1 first leg victory against Dynamo Kiev at Goodison Park, Everton were the narrow favourites to go through to the Europa League last eight and give English fans something to sing for. Unfortunately for the Toffees faithful, Everton continued the embarrassing trend of crashing out of Europe by succumbing to a 5-2 defeat in the Ukraine giving Dynamo a deserved 6-4 aggregate success. Roberto Martinez's Everton were an embarrassment in defeat away at Dynamo Kiev on Thursday . Aguero (left) and Romelu Lukaku look crestfallen after Man City and Everton crashed out of Europe . | Ten British teams were involved in European competition this season . Some, like Chelsea, had hopes of competing until the business end . Others, such as Aberdeen and Motherwell, attempted to progress through qualifying rounds . But all have been eliminated before the quarter-final stage . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Nigel Farage was today accused of 'making it up as he goes along' as Ukip ditched the idea of capping immigration. The Ukip leader is setting out his party's policy on immigration, claiming the current system is 'unsustainable, unethical and unfair' and calling for more high-skilled workers and people from the Commonwealth to be allowed into Britain. But during a radio interview it ditched the idea of reducing net migration to below 50,000, which had been backed by Ukip's immigration spokesman Steven Woolfe just last week. A split also emerged over the party's policy towards people with serious illnesses coming into the UK, with Mr Woolfe backing them but Mr Farage suggesting they were not welcome. Scroll down for video . Ukip leader Nigel Farage jettisoned the idea of reducing net migration to below 50,000, which had been backed by Ukip's immigration spokesman Steven Woolfe just last week . Ukip hopes to use its immigration policy as a launchpad for making gains in the election on May 7 . Mr Farage says his party would establish a migration control commission with a remit to reduce net migration into the UK. In a keynote speech, he will call for future immigration to focus on highly-skilled workers and 'our friends from the Commonwealth' as opposed to 'low-skilled, Eastern European migration'. The party has attacked David Cameron for failing to meet his promise to reduce net migration to the tens of thousands. New figures last week showed it hit almost 300,000 in the year to September. In response, Mr Woolfe said: 'We will set a cap on the number of people permitted to work and reside in the UK by introducing a fairer.' At last year's party conference, Mr Woolfe announced: 'Ukip commits to bringing UK net employment migration down to 50,000 people a year.' But Mr Farage today jettisoned the idea, claiming that under an Australian-style system it was 'very unlikely that we would need 50,000 people'. He told BBC Radio 4's programme Ukip would bring immigration levels 'back to normality', with numbers similar to those seen before 2000. But he added: 'I'm not putting caps or targets ... you need to have more flexibility than that. The point is this: we currently have no control over the numbers, we are incapable of debating anything now in politics without caps and targets and I think the British public are bored with it.' Mr Farage was spotted wearing songs featuring pound signs as he addressed the media and party members . Mr Farage used a speech at the Emmanuel Centre in London to call for for future immigration to focus on highly-skilled workers and 'our friends from the Commonwealth' as opposed to 'low-skilled, Eastern European migration' Fresh confusion emerged today over the Ukip policy on migrants with serious illnesses. The party's immigration spokesman Steven Woolfe told BBC Radio 2: 'If someone came to our borders and was on there, you know at the border control and they announce that they've got a cancer or tumour we are not going to turn them away. 'What sort of nation are we to do that? That isn't going to happen.' But Mr Farage told the BBC: 'We want people with skills and trades they can bring to Britain. “We want people who haven't got a criminal record. “We want people who haven't got a life threatening illness.' He later told BBC News that he had discussed the policy with Mr Woolfe yesterday. 'Policies evolve, they develop, they move on. I don't want the emphasis from today to be what our cap is; what I want it to be today is the fact that Ukip is putting forward a policy that will take immigration into Britain back to normal. 'Our intention is to bring net immigration into Britain back to 20,000 to 50,000 a year. It's a range, it's a range. Well again, you see, you can't help it you guys, you're obsessed with targets, let's talk about policy.' The u-turn was seized on by the Tories as proof that Ukip's policy was in chaos. Chancellor George Osborne said: 'Nigel Farage seems to be making it up as he goes along, one moment he is proposing a cap and then he is ditching it live on air – a novel approach to policy making. 'We are the people with a sensible plan, whether it's on the economy or immigration.' The Conservatives are to repeat the promise to limit net migration to the 'tens of thousands', despite missing it so spectacularly. 'This is absolutely our ambition,' Mr Osborne said. 'Of course we haven't met it in this parliament, as everyone knows. 'That's partly because the British economy has been so much stronger than other European economies. 'But the way to deal with this is the welfare reforms that David Cameron has set out so you can't just turn up in this country and claim welfare from day one.' Tory Chancellor George Osborne accused the Ukip leader of 'making it up as he goes along', as he stood by the Conservative promise to cut net migration to the tens of thousands . Ukip's immigration spokesman Steven Woolfe . Ukip's immigration spokesman Steven Woolfe has repeatedly promised a cap on immigration. Just last week he said his party would 'set a cap' on the numbers of people able to come to the UK: . September 26: 'Within the points based system Ukip commits to bringing UK net employment migration down to 50,000 people a year' October 23: 'I promised to cap migration to 50,000 a year' February 26: 'We will set a cap on the number of people permitted to work and reside in the UK by introducing a fairer, and more transparent points based system ensuring we get the skilled immigrants we need and in numbers that the economy can manage' Ukip's proposals depend on Britain leaving the European Union, and include an Australian-style points-based visa system which, it says, would ensure the right numbers of highly-skilled workers were able to enter the country while imposing a five-year moratorium on visas for unskilled workers. Rules discriminating between European Union (EU) and non-EU nationals would be abolished, and those workers who qualified under the system would be issued with a visa valid for five years. During that time, they would not be entitled to claim UK benefits and would be expected to take out health insurance. After five years they would be entitled to apply for permanent leave to remain, provided they had not broken the law. Mr Farage said: 'The British public has acknowledged that they can't trust the other parties to be serious on immigration. 'Despite Mr Cameron's pledge, net migration is now up to 300,000 people per year. It is unsustainable, unfair and unethical. 'That's why Ukip has developed a policy focused around an Australian-style points-based system, led by a newly-formed migration control commission, tasked with bringing numbers down and focusing on highly-skilled migrants and our Commonwealth friends - as opposed to the low-skilled, Eastern European migration that the Tories and Labour have expanded.' Mr Farage insisted 'normal was from 1950 until the year 2000'. 'I am not getting caught up with ridiculous arguments about caps,' he added. 'There is no U-turn, there is a change of emphasis.' He went on: 'Our intention is to bring net immigration into Britain back to 20,000-50,000 a year. That's a range... 'You can't help it, you guys - you are obsessed with targets, obsessed with targets. Let's talk about policy.' Mr Farage said a mooted £27,000 lower limit on earnings to gain access to the UK was 'not absolute' and there could be exemptions for some skills, such as nurses. | Ukip leader sets out party policy for a points-based system for migrants . Claims current immigration system is 'unsustainable, unethical and unfair' Wants more high-skilled workers and people from the Commonwealth . But he abandons key promise to cap number of migrants at 50,000 . Ukip's immigration spokesman Steven Woolfe repeatedly promised a cap . George Osborne accuses Ukip of making up policy on the hoof . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Lindsey Vonn won the World Cup downhill title for the seventh time after winning the last race in the discipline on Wednesday at the season-ending finals. Her seven downhill titles and her 18th crystal globe are both records for women. 'It's incredible after being out with two knee operations. It is just amazing to be sitting where I am today,' the American said. 'I'm so proud and happy, and I really have to thank the people that supported me and got me back to where I am now.' Lindsey Vonn won her seventh downhill title by pipping Elisabeth Goergl to the finish line . Vonn is delighted to be competing for major honours after undergoing two knee operations . Vonn finished 0.24 seconds ahead of Elisabeth Goergl and 0.30 ahead of Nicole Hosp. Austrian racer Anna Fenninger finished second in the downhill standings. She trailed Vonn by 35 points heading into the race, and failed to make an impact on the Roc de Fer course, finishing nearly one second behind Vonn in eighth place. Vonn, who raced immediately after her, increased her speed on the bottom section to clinch a 66th career race win. She is the all-time leader in wins. Some fans near the finish held up banners saying 'Congrats Lindsey' as she raised her poles. Vonn finished the downhill season with 502 points, putting her 103 ahead of Fenninger. Tina Maze of Slovenia was third with 356. In the race for the women's overall World Cup title, Fenninger holds a 12-point lead over Maze. Vonn finished ahead of second-placed Anna Fenninger to win the downhill globe . Maze gained some ground on Fenninger by finishing fourth on Wednesday. Vonn, a four-time overall World Cup champion, is out of contention for the overall title this season. Vonn blew out her right knee in a super-G at the 2013 world championships in Schladming, Austria. She hurt her knee again in her comeback, keeping her out of last year's Sochi Olympics. She went nearly two years without a victory before winning a downhill in Lake Louise, Canada, in December. The following month, she overtook Austrian great Annemarie Moser-Proell's 35-year-old record of 62 World Cup victories. 'I'm incredibly thankful to be holding another downhill title,' Vonn said. 'It's been a long two years coming back from my injuries.' Vonn looks extremely focused as she speeds down the course during the alpine ski . Vonn will battle with Fenninger again on Thursday when the super-G title will be decided. Vonn is eight points ahead of Fenninger. 'Tomorrow is a chance for another globe. It's going to be tough because Anna's skiing really well, and it's going to be soft conditions like it was today,' Vonn said. 'But something about this track suits me. I'll give my all, as I always do.' Fenninger has been in great form, winning gold medals in giant slalom and super-G at the world championships last month, and placing second in downhill behind Maze, who finished second to Fenninger in super-G at the worlds. Also, Kjetil Jansrud clinched the men's downhill title by winning the last race, too. The Norwegian finished 94 points ahead of Hannes Reichelt of Austria. | Lindsey Vonn is 'proud and happy' to be back following serious injuries . The American finished ahead of Elisabeth Goergl and Nicole Hosp . Vonn is out of contention for the overall super-G title . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Real Madrid left back Fabio Coentrao admits playing for Manchester United would be an honour as Louis van Gaal's side continue to be linked with a move for the 27-year-old. Portuguese ace Coentrao, a good friend of former Red Devil Cristiano Ronaldo, has been linked with a move to Old Trafford time and time again, including in January 2014. Current United left back Luke Shaw has failed to live up to the hype since his move from Southampton and Coentrao has admitted he has always admired the Manchester club should they come calling again. Fabio Coentrao and former Manchester United attacker Cristiano Ronaldo enjoy a joke on the training ground . Coentrao has again been linked with a move to Premier League giants Manchester United . He told O Jogo: 'It's [Manchester United] one of the best clubs in the world, a club I admire greatly. It would be an honour to play there.' However, the defender was quick to remind Real Madrid fans that he still has a lot to give the club during the four years that remain on his contract. He added: 'I hope to have more minutes at Real Madrid, though the coach needs to trust me more, something that has not happened so far.' Coentrao admits he would be honoured to play for United in the future but is committed to Real Madird . Coentrao comes up against Manchester United ace Robin van Persie in the Champions League . | Fabio Coentrao has again been linked with a move to Manchester United . Real Madrid left back admits it would be an honour to play for the club . Portuguese ace still has four years left on his contract with Los Blancos . But, defender admits he wishes Carlo Ancelotti would trust him more . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | London (CNN)The BBC producer allegedly struck by Jeremy Clarkson will not press charges against the "Top Gear" host, his lawyer said Friday. Clarkson, who hosted one of the most-watched television shows in the world, was dropped by the BBC Wednesday after an internal investigation by the British broadcaster found he had subjected producer Oisin Tymon "to an unprovoked physical and verbal attack." Tymon went to a hospital emergency department to receive treatment for a split lip following the March 4 incident at a hotel in North Yorkshire, it said. North Yorkshire police said they had asked the BBC for a copy of the report and would assess whether further police action needed to be taken. "No one who was present at the hotel during the incident came forward to report an offense to the police. Nonetheless, we have a duty to investigate where we believe an offense might have been committed, and that is what we have been doing with this case," police said in a statement Thursday. "As is usual in these circumstances, we have made contact with Mr Tymon through his lawyers, to ask him to speak to us so we can ascertain how he wishes to pursue this matter." Tymon issued a statement through his lawyer Friday saying he had informed police he did not want to press charges. "The events of the last few weeks have been extremely unpleasant for everyone involved. The matter has taken a great toll on Oisin, his family and his friends," lawyer Paul Daniels said. "Quite simply, Mr Tymon just wishes to return now to the job at the BBC he loves, as soon as possible. Further, the BBC have, in his view, taken action with a view to addressing the issues at hand. "Mr Tymon agrees with the BBC's stated view that all parties should now be allowed to move on, so far as possible." Tymon had earlier said he was grateful to the BBC for their "thorough and swift investigation into this very regrettable incident." "I've worked on Top Gear for almost a decade, a program I love. Over that time Jeremy and I had a positive and successful working relationship, making some landmark projects together. He is a unique talent and I am well aware that many will be sorry his involvement in the show should end in this way," he said. Clarkson was suspended on March 10 after what the BBC initially described as the "fracas" with Tymon. Ken MacQuarrie, who conducted the internal investigation into the incident, said Tymon had been struck "resulting in swelling and bleeding to his lip." The physical attack was halted after about 30 seconds by the intervention of a witness, MacQuarrie said, but Clarkson continued to use "derogatory and abusive language" for a sustained period of time. MacQuarrie said Clarkson made a number of attempts to apologize over subsequent days and had reported the incident to BBC management. Announcing Wednesday that Clarkson's contract would not be renewed, BBC Director General Tony Hall said a "line had been crossed." "A member of staff -- who is a completely innocent party -- took himself to Accident and Emergency after a physical altercation accompanied by sustained and prolonged verbal abuse of an extreme nature. For me a line has been crossed," he said. "I know how popular the program is and I also know that this decision will divide opinion." In 2013, Guinness World Records named "Top Gear" the world's most widely watched factual program, with an estimated 350 million global viewers. The show -- fronted by Clarkson, James May and Richard Hammond -- is sold to 214 territories worldwide. Local versions have been made in the United States, China, Russia, Australia and South Korea. After his suspension by the BBC, Clarkson changed his Twitter profile to "I am probably a presenter on the BBC2 motoring show,Top Gear." On Wednesday, the wording became past tense: "I used to be a presenter on the BBC2 motoring show,Top Gear." Co-host Richard Hammond tweeted: "Gutted at such a sad end to an era. We're all three of us idiots in our different ways but it's been an incredible ride together." On Friday James May also tweeted, saying: "I've written some blues lyrics: Oh I woke up this morning, And ... #Still Unemployed." Fans had earlier expressed outrage at the BBC decision to suspend Clarkson. An online petition to have Clarkson reinstated has been signed by more than a million people. Fewer than 10,000 people signed a counterpetition calling for him to be fired. Last week, a fan dressed as the "Stig" -- the anonymous racing car test-driver who was once a regular feature of the show -- drove to the BBC's London headquarters in an armored tank to present the "Bring Back Clarkson" petition. Clarkson later thanked his supporters in a tweet shared more than 22,000 times. While Clarkson's abrasive style has proven popular with viewers, his on- and off-air comments have earned him a reputation as a politically incorrect maverick who often walks a fine line between humor and offense. Last year, he apologized profusely after being accused of mumbling the n-word in a clip that wasn't aired. "I'd actually used the word I was trying to obscure. I was mortified by this, horrified. It is a word I loathe," Clarkson said in video statement posted online. He's been accused on other occasions of racism, including characterizing Mexicans as "lazy and feckless" and using the word "slope" over footage of an Asian man crossing a bridge during a "Top Gear" special in Myanmar. Producer Andy Wilman later apologized, calling it a "light-hearted word play joke," and saying that the team was not aware that it was offensive to Asians. Last week, Clarkson launched into an expletive-filled rant at a charity auction in north London, verbally attacking his BBC bosses. A CNN reporter who was at the event said Clarkson swore often as he talked about his suspension from the show, saying the BBC had "f**ked themselves" and had ruined a great show. Clarkson later brushed off the incident, saying the rant was meant "in jest" and was designed to increase bids for the prize being auctioned -- one last lap of the "Top Gear" race track. | Producer Oisin Tymon will not press charges against Jeremy Clarkson, his lawyer says . An internal BBC investigation found Clarkson had struck Tymon in an "unprovoked attack" The BBC dropped Clarkson as "Top Gear" host Wednesday and police asked for the report . |
Please provide details on Brisbane International tournament with given text as a reference | The Brisbane International established in 2009 is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts in Brisbane, Queensland in Australia. It is a WTA Premier tournament of the WTA Tour and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the ATP World Tour until 2019, when it was dropped from the ATP Tour.
The tournament is held annually in January at the Queensland Tennis Centre just before the first Grand Slam tournament of the season, the Australian Open (part of the Australian Open Series). It is owned by Tennis Australia. | 1. The Brisbane International, which began in 2009, is an outdoor hardcourt professional tennis competition held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
2. It is a WTA Premier competition on the WTA Tour, and up until 2019, it was a part of the ATP World Tour 250 series on the ATP World Tour.
3. The competition is conducted each year in January at the Queensland Tennis Center, right before the season's first Grand Slam event, the Australian Open. (part of the Australian Open Series).
4. Tennis Australia is the owner. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Chelsea captain John Terry praised the character of his Premier League-title chasing team to bounce back from conceding a two-goal lead to beat Hull and enter the international break on a high. Draws against Paris St Germain - a result which ended the Blues' Champions League participation - and Southampton may have knocked confidence. And when Hull came back from going 2-0 down after nine minutes to draw level at 2-2, Chelsea had to dig deep to win 3-2 through Loic Remy's strike. John Terry praised Chelsea's character after recovering from allowing Hull back into the match against Hull . Terry and Nemanja Matic celebrate with Eden Hazard after the Belgian gave Chelsea an early lead . Terry talks to the Chelsea players after Diego Costa put the Blues 2-0 up at the KC Stadium . It leaves Jose Mourinho's men with a six-point lead and a game in-hand on second-placed Manchester City. 'The importance of the win showed on the players' faces and that of the manager afterwards,' Terry said. 'When you set the standard so high as we have done from the word go, then start dropping points at home and go out of the Champions League, once again it comes back down to character. 'It's immense in the dressing room, there is an awful lot of experience in there. It will serve the younger lads well, too. 'It was an important three points going into the international break. For everyone to dwell over that for two weeks was massive.' Terry and his team-mates applaud the Chelsea fans after beating Hull 3-2 on Sunday . Jose Mourinho looks disgruntled after watching his Premier Leaders throw away a two-goal lead in first half . Mourinho reflected on a commanding advantage which he hopes will help Chelsea win a first Premier League title since 2010. 'It's the best position since the beginning of the season,' Mourinho, who is chasing a third Premier League title, told Chelsea TV. 'The maximum points (advantage) we had was eight points and when we had eight points we were speaking about 20 matches to go. 'In this moment we have six points (advantage) with one match in hand with 24 possible points for our opponents. 'We know our opponents are there, we know football is very unpredictable, we know that what is happening to us for the last two or three months we cannot control. 'But we also know that we are strong, we are together and we are going to fight to get the points we need to be champions.' Hazard jumps for joy after his fine strike put Jose Mourinho's side into the lead in Hull . Diego Costa doubled the visitor's advantage with a fine curing effort past Hull goalkeeper Allan McGregor . Mourinho was referring to the incidents, such as in the draw with Southampton, which he believes denied his side more points than they earned. The win at the KC Stadium was Chelsea's third in seven games. The Blues had followed the Capital One Cup win over Tottenham at Wembley with victory over West Ham, but had been frustrated since. Now Terry hopes his Chelsea team-mates can return from the international hiatus reinvigorated and ready to carry the momentum from the Hull win by claiming a first home win since February 11 against Everton. 'The title race is exciting,' the former England defender added. 'There is still an awful long way to go. We have Stoke at home and QPR away next, which is always a tough one for us. Loic Remy's scored the winning goal for Chelsea moments after coming on as a second-half substitute . Ahmed Elmohamady netted Hull City's first goal to give them a route back into the match at the KC Stadium . Abel Hernandez capitalises on Thibaut Courtois' mistake to get Hull City back on level terms . 'Hopefully everyone will come back fit after the break and go again. 'But it's important we get back to winning at the Bridge because it's something we haven't done for a few weeks.' Remy was being readied to play alongside Costa at Hull, but had to instead replace the striker, who picked up a hamstring injury. It was the France striker's fourth goal of a season which has seen him given limited opportunities, mainly off the substitutes' bench. He told chelseafc.com: 'It is true it is frustrating sitting on the bench but the manager knows all the team and he has very good quality in the squad. 'I know there are only 11 players on the pitch and as soon the manager needs me I am here. 'It's one of my best moments at Chelsea. I hope I will have more moments like that before the end of the season.' | Chelsea beat Hull 3-2 at the KC Stadium on Saturday in the Premier League . Jose Mourinho's side raced into a two-goal lead inside 10 minutes . Hull pegged the league leaders back with two goals in two minutes . John Terry praised the character in the dressing room to bounce back . Chelsea are six points clear of Manchester City with a game in hand . Jose Mourinho says Chelsea are in a great position to become champions . |
What is the formal definition of a large language model? | Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design.
Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to "memorize" a great quantity of facts during training. | The term large language model (LLM) does not have a formal definition. However, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Many of us pass urine without thinking – or looking – at the colour of it. But perhaps it’s time to take note, because our pee can say a lot about our health, according to one doctor. Speaking on ITV’s This Morning, Dr Chris Steele explained what each shade of pee – from clear to red to green and blue – tells us about the body. He lined up test tubes of a range of colours of urine, from clear through to dark yellow, to red and blue. His first piece of advice is to look at the colour of urine while peeing, rather than when it has hit the toilet bowl. Scroll down for video . Dr Chris Steele, a GP and resident doctor on ITV's This Morning, said people should look at the colour of their urine while they are peeing, not when the urine has hit the bowl and is diluted in water . Red and dark red urine (pictured) could be caused by certain foods like beetroot or drugs like laxatives. However, it could be due to blood in the urine, signalling an infection, or tumours or kidney stones . He told presenters Phillip Schofield and Amanda Holden: 'You should look at the colour in the stream that you’re passing, not when it’s in the toilet bowl, because it gets diluted in two litres of water.’ When asked if this would be a bit difficult for women, he replied: ‘You can even catch it if you’re worried.’ And when thinking about the colour of our pee, it's important to remember how food, drink and medication could be affecting it, he added. He said: ‘Laxatives can cause a darkening colour of the urine. Always think about what you’re putting in your mouth, could that be affecting things?’ An example of this is asparagus and food colourants that can turn the urine blue or green. Meanwhile, urine that is frothy and foamy could be a warning sign someone is eating too much protein and needs to cut back, he said. ‘It could be due to protein. Maybe you’re on a high protein diet. Or it could be due to infection.' Next, he explained what each shade of pee means, in terms of health. Clear urine could be a sign of a ‘good hydrated person’, Dr Steele said. However, it could be because they are taking diuretic medicine which is making them pass water frequently. The diagram, created by the Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, shows that urine should be straw coloured or pale yellow. If it is darker, it suggests the person is dehydrated . He added: ‘They might be drinking diuretic-type drinks, such as coffee and alcohol. They can cause this effect.’ He explained that the kidneys have two main functions: the first being to filter out toxins, create waste matter, and get it out of the body. The second is to balance fluid in the body; the fluid gained from drinks and metabolic reactions in the body, and the fluids lost through sweat. A deep yellow coloured urine means the person is more dehydrated. He said: ‘In the morning you might notice your urine is darker coloured than in the evening. 'This is because in the night you’ve just been laying there doing nothing and your kidneys have been working concentrating the toxic effects. If a person's urine is brown, it could be a sign of liver disease. If it is red, it could contain blood . Orange urine is normally a sign of dehydration, but could be a liver or bile duct disorder. Blue or green urine is normally due to food dye or medication . ‘Deep yellow urine could be a sign of liver problems which cause jaundice of the skin, eyes, and the urine to become more yellow.’ But the most important colour to look out for is a pink or light red colour. If a person has red-coloured urine, it could be because they ate certain foods the night before. Dr Steele said: ‘Beetroot, blackberries, blackcurrants even rhubarb [are all common culprits]. Food colourants are powerful and can get through the kidneys.’ However, it could be a more serious sign of infection from the kidney travelling down through the bladder and urethra. It could also be due to a tumour, or kidney stones. ‘But the commonest reasons for red urine is cystitis - or urinary tract infections,’ Dr Steele said. ‘This causes excess blood to come out into the urine.’ A person with dark red urine is deeply dehydrated, he warned. ‘We’re talking about patients with liver disease,' he explained. Foaming or fizzing urine is usually a sign of too much protein in the diet, or a kidney problem . | GP Dr Chris Steele advises people to check the colour of their urine . Check the colour mid-stream, rather than when the pee has hit the bowl . Clear urine means a person is hydrated - or has had too much coffee . Darker urine could be a sign of jaundice caused by liver disease . Red pee may be due to food dye, or a sign of an infection like cystitis . Dark red pee could signal blood, signalling a tumour or kidney stones . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roy Hodgson will attend the World Cup draw in July as England manager but with no assurances that he will be in charge for the campaign to reach Russia in 2018. Hodgson is keen to extend his contract which will expire next year although FA chairman Greg Dyke has warned him that negotiations may not open for another 12 months. 'I get on quite well with Roy and we chat all the time but we have not talked about contracts yet,' said Dyke. 'We genuinely haven't discussed it. We will have that discussion in the next nine months to a year. England and Manchester City goalkeeper Joe Hart is kept busy during training at St Georges Park on Tuesday . Liverpool forward Raheem Sterling controls the ball during training on Tuesday . Roy Hodgson will be hoping to continue England's unbeaten run in Group E against Lithuania on Friday . 'When we decided in Brazil that we wanted Roy to continue with his contract, we thought: 'He's got a contract, he sees it through'. Sometime in the next year we will discuss what happens afterwards.' The draw for the World Cup qualifiers is in St Petersburg, Russia, on July 25. Hodgson will represent England, but Dyke plans to dodge the event after reacting to a tough World Cup draw by making a cut-throat gesture. 'Roy will go, I'm not allowed after what happened last time,' said Dyke. England, who play Lithuania at Wembley on Fridayare cruising towards Euro 2016 in France, winning the first four qualifiers to establish a six-point lead at the top of a group from which the top two automatically go through. England and Everton centre back Phil Jagielka speaks to the media after training on Tuesday . Hodgson will be 70 at the time of the World Cup in Russia but has proved a popular manager with FA chiefs and players alike since he replaced Fabio Capello, in 2012. The Euro 2016 qualification process has been so tame, however, that a final decision on his contract may even be shelved until after the finals as England bid to improve on their World Cup flop, when they failed to win a game. 'Without being disrespectful, this group isn't the toughest,' said centre-half Phil Jagielka. 'Time will tell in the tournament. There is a bit of pressure on and that is when the judgment will be clearer. Wayne Rooney (centre) leads his England team-mates on a lap as they continue their preparations for Friday . 'We need to have a good tournament in France to back him if Roy is going to stay on, but the boys are desperate to do that. He's a likeable person and a good man-manager. 'We want to play well and get as far as we can. We will be looking, and should be looking, to go and win the tournament. We want to keep progressing. We have a good, youthful and talented squad. Hopefully we can keep knocking out the wins.' Tottenham striker Harry Kane gets down to business with the rest of Hodgson's squad . | Roy Hodgson succeeded Fabio Capello as England manager in May 2012 . England endued a poor World Cup campaign in Brazil . But Hodgson's contract was honoured through to Euro 2016 . England have begun their qualifier campaign with four straight wins . Hodgson's side face Lithuania at Wembley on Friday night . |
What is black tie dress code? | Black tie is a semi-formal Western dress code for evening events, originating in British and American conventions for attire in the 19th century. In British English, the dress code is often referred to synecdochically by its principal element for men, the dinner suit or dinner jacket. In American English, the equivalent term tuxedo (or tux) is common. The dinner suit is a black, midnight blue or white two- or three-piece suit, distinguished by satin or grosgrain jacket lapels and similar stripes along the outseam of the trousers. It is worn with a white dress shirt with standing or turndown collar and link cuffs, a black bow tie, typically an evening waistcoat or a cummerbund, and black patent leather dress shoes or court pumps. Accessories may include a semi-formal homburg, bowler, or boater hat. For women, an evening gown or other fashionable evening attire may be worn. | Black tie is a dress code for events, typically weddings and other formal ceremonies. The dress code roughly translates to a tuxedo or dinner suit for men and an evening gown for women. |
Who were Hank Williams early musical influences? | Born and raised in Alabama, Williams learned guitar from African-American blues musician Rufus Payne in exchange for meals or money. Payne, along with Roy Acuff and Ernest Tubb, had a significant influence on Williams' musical style. Williams began his professional career in Montgomery in 1937 when local radio station WSFA hired him to perform on a 15-minute program. He formed the Drifting Cowboys backup band, which was managed by his mother, and dropped out of school to devote his time to his career. When several of his band members were drafted during World War II, he had trouble with their replacements, and WSFA terminated his contract because of his alcoholism. | As a child Hank Williams was influenced by popular country artists such as Roy Acuff and Earnest Tubb, but he was also influenced by African-American blues musician Rufus Payne. Payne taught Williams how to play guitar, and was a significant influence on his musical style. |
What is the largest retailers and e-commerce companies? | Alibaba is one of the world's largest retailers and e-commerce companies. In 2020, it was also rated as the fifth-largest artificial intelligence company. It is also one of the biggest venture capital firms and investment corporations in the world, as well as the second largest financial services group behind Visa via its fintech arm Ant Group. The company hosts the largest B2B (Alibaba.com), C2C (Taobao), and B2C (Tmall) marketplaces in the world. It has been expanding into the media industry, with revenues rising by triple percentage points year after year. It also set the record on the 2018 edition of China's Singles' Day, the world's biggest online and offline shopping day. | Alibaba is one of the world's largest retailers and e-commerce companies. It consists of many business including B2B (Alibaba.com), C2C (Taobao) and B2C (Tmall). Alibaba is also one of the largest financial companies and AI companies. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Barcelona ran out 2-1 winners against bitter rivals Real Madrid on Sunday night to move four points clear at the top of La Liga. Rik Sharma rates the players from both sides after an action-packed 90 minutes at the Nou Camp. BARCELONA . Claudio Bravo 8: Made two excellent saves, one from Cristiano Ronaldo's first-half piledriver, the second from a deflected Karim Benzema strike near the end. No chance with Ronaldo's goal. Dani Alves 6: Some shocking defending at times, but as we've come to expect, the Brazilian knows how to contribute in attack. His wonderful ball created Barcelona's second goal. Gerard Pique 9: This was a performance from the defender which some believed was beyond him after his fall from grace. Got his head to every ball when it mattered and executed some perfect tackles. After his impressive performance, Pique left the stadium with his pop star girlfriend Shakira . Gerard Pique was at his very best at the heart of the Barcelona defence against Real Madrid . Jeremy Mathieu 8.5: When the Frenchman was signed it turned a few heads. He used his own to send Barcelona 1-0 up and defended expertly after that. One scary moment, when he nodded inches wide of his own goal. Jordi Alba 6.5: Restrained himself going forward for the most part, but coped perfectly well with Gareth Bale down the wing. Fired a late chance wide after good work by Lionel Messi. Javier Mascherano 7: Tried to copy Sergio Busquets’ style of play, instead of rushing around in his usual bulldog style. Some unnecessary play-acting aside, a fine performance. Javier Mascherano was involved in some unnecessary play-acting but otherwise had a fine game . Ivan Rakitic 6.5: Not an indelible presence in this Barcelona side, but a useful one. The Croatian helped shuttle the ball forwards to the attackers nicely, but could have offered more with Barcelona under the cosh in the first half. Andres Iniesta 7: Captained Barcelona for the first time against Madrid and put in a mature display. Showed he can be a tough customer when he needs to be in a midfield battle, too. Lionel Messi 7.5: Nutmegged Toni Kroos early on, and set up Mathieu’s goal with a wicked free kick. Dropped out of the game for a while, but was running the show by the end. Lionel Messi set up Barcelona's opener and was a constant menace despite not being at his very best . Luis Suarez 8.5: Fought hard up front, in a long running battle with Pepe. Got the goal he deserved with a brilliant piece of control and an instinctive finish. Neymar 6: Missed a golden chance in the first half, after which Madrid broke away and equalised. Some phenomenal dribbles, which terrified Madrid’s back line, but was too selfish – and wasteful - with his chances. SUBS . Sergio Busquets 6: Brought on for Rakitic as Luis Enrique tried to shut up shop. Xavi 6: Replaced Iniesta, coming on in what could be his final Clasico. Little time to make an impact. Rafinha 6: Gave Barcelona a safer look, with Neymar making way. Luis Suarez celebrates scoring the winner for Barcelona as he continues his fine run of form . REAL MADRID . Iker Casillas 6: No errors, which was his main concern after his shocking performance against Schalke. Both Barcelona goals were impossible to keep out. Dani Carvajal 6: Booked and was lucky not to be sent off when he tangled with Neymar. Otherwise a solid performance. Pepe 4: Booked for going through the back of Suarez, and done for pace by the Uruguayan for the second goal. Not his finest night, and it ended early when Ancelotti hooked him for Raphael Varane. Pepe struggled with the pace of Luis Suarez and was eventually replaced by Raphael Varane . Sergio Ramos 5: Caught out when Mathieu escaped his clutches and headed home the opener. Was too slow to react to Suarez for Barcelona’s second. Marcelo 7.5: The Brazilian was a lively attacking outlet down the left, combining with Benzema to set up Ronaldo, when he hit the bar. Toni Kroos 6.5: A strong first half, helping Madrid dominate proceedings. However, the midfielder has been tired in recent weeks and that took its toll in the second period, when he was quiet. Luka Modric 7: After a three-month injury lay-off, he’s slotted straight back into the side and it looks like he's never been away. A classy customer who can hold his head high despite the defeat, playing a key role in Ronaldo’s goal. Luka Modric has slotted straight back into the Real Madrid side following a spell on the sidelines with injury . Isco 6: The Madrid press claim he’s a national treasure, and he’s been Real Madrid’s best player in recent weeks. However, he was quiet here, and outshone by Iniesta, the man he’s tipped to replace in Spain’s side. Gareth Bale 5.5: The Welshman nearly had the goal he dreamed of scoring, but his close-range effort was ruled out for Ronaldo being offside in the build-up. This was his chance to prove his doubters wrong, but was often on the fringes of the game, which won't ease the pressure on his back. Gareth Bale had a goal ruled out for offside and was something of a spectator for large parts of the game . Karim Benzema 8.5: Out of the six forwards, Benzema has the lowest X factor. However, he was arguably the most effective here, setting up Ronaldo with an impudent back-heel. Cristiano Ronaldo 7: Barcelona’s supporters whistled and screamed at him every time he touched the ball… but he’s used to that from the Bernabeu. Scored, as he tends to do, with a poacher’s finish. SUBS . Raphael Varane 7: Came on for Pepe to steady the ship and made a good tackle on Messi in the box. Jese 6: Too little time to make an impact. Cristiano Ronaldo scored the equaliser but was not able to lead his side to victory at the Nou Camp . | Luis Suarez scored the winner as Barcelona beat Real Madrid . Cristiano Ronaldo had earlier cancelled out Jeremy Mathieu's opener . Suarez was among Barcelona's best players but Gerard Pique stood out . Gareth Bale had a goal ruled out and endured another disappointing night . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | London (CNN)A photo of a weasel hitching a surprise lift on the back of a flying woodpecker near London has gone viral on Twitter, with more than 7,000 users retweeting the original post of the image. It was first posted by photographer Jason Ward on Monday and credited to Martin Le-May. After #WeaselPecker gained momentum, British media soon picked up the story, and television channel ITV interviewed Le-May. The amateur photographer from Essex, near London, told the broadcaster he had been walking with his wife in Hornchurch Country Park, Essex, when they heard "a distressed squawking" noise and spotted the woodpecker. "Just after I switched from my binoculars to my camera the bird flew across us and slightly in our direction; suddenly it was obvious it had a small mammal on its back and this was a struggle for life," Le-May said. Eventually, Le-May told ITV, the weasel -- known as a "least weasel" in some countries -- lost its grip and the bird flew away. Marina Pacheco, chief executive of Britain's Mammal Society told CNN the image looked genuine and that it was possible an omnivorous weasel would take on a woodpecker. "Weasels will go for anything that looks like food -- they've got a high metabolism and they've got to eat a lot," she said. "It doesn't surprise me that a weasel took a punt -- I've seen a photo of a weasel charging a group of sparrows, they're very hungry animals." But she said the weasel, which would generally try to break the neck of its prey to subdue it, may have exceeded its abilities in this case. "I think it was a bit of a long shot -- it looks like it tried to grab the neck of the woodpecker to break it," Pacheco said. "I think that it probably doesn't have a big enough jaw to bite through the spine of the woodpecker." Weasels would not normally target green woodpeckers, Pacheco said -- their predators are normally the size of a stoat or larger. But the birds are known to spend a fair amount of time on the ground pulling up worms and hunting insects. "If the woodpecker had managed to hit the weasel with its beak it would have been the end of the weasel," she said. "They're quite gung-ho little creatures." The pluckiness of the weasel spawned a number of parodies on Twitter, with manipulated images showing the creature in turn being ridden by Russian President Vladimir Putin, popstar Miley Cyrus, football star John Terry -- and even what appears to be a dog red panda dressed in a Darth Vader costume. (Update: Twitter has now educated us on the difference between a dog and a red panda. Sorry, Darth!) As for the bird? The green woodpecker is also known as a "yaffle" for its laughing call. After the shock of being targeted by a hungry weasel wears off, we can only hope it lives up to its nickname. | A photo of a green woodpecker flying with a weasel on its back has gone viral on Twitter . The image was snapped by amateur photographer Martin Le-May near London . It sparked the hashtag #weaselpecker and has spawned numerous memes . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roy Hodgson must convince Saido Berahino that his international future is with England after the forward received an official approach from Burundi. Berahino, who has scored 16 times for West Brom in the Barclays Premier League this season, was called into the England squad for the first time in November. The striker was born in Burundi and a delegation of officials from the tiny country in south-east Africa have been courting him this week. Saido Berahino (left, in action for West Brom against Aston Villa) has impressed England boss Roy Hodgson . Berahino was called in to the senior England squad last November but is also wanted by his native Burundi . Burundi, 126th in the FIFA rankings, play Mauritius in a friendly on March 25 and want to name the West Brom forward in their squad. England’s head coach names his squad on Thursday for the Euro 2016 clash with Lithuania on March 27 at Wembley and the friendly in Turin against Italy four days later. Berahino has yet to represent the England team and he would still be permitted to switch nationalities under FIFA rules. Hodgson’s striking options have been swelled by the return from injury of Daniel Sturridge, along with regular forwards Danny Welbeck and England captain Wayne Rooney. Hodgson has already made it clear that he intends to select Tottenham forward Harry Kane when he names his squad at the national stadium next week. Berahino celebrates scoring for England's U21s but can switch allegiances having not played for the seniors . Berahino trains with the senior England squad in November (left) and in action for the U21s . Kane, who is the Spurs squad travelling to Manchester United on Sunday, has scored 16 times in the Barclays Premier League and was named player of the month for the second time on Friday. His emergence means Hodgson has a dilemma over who to select as his fifth striker. Berahino, an England Under-21 international, was named in the full squad for the first time in November for the clashes with Slovenia in a Euro 2016 qualifier and the friendly with Scotland at Celtic Park. He was an unused substitute in both games, but Hodgson predicted a bright future for the forward after he spent a week training with the national team. | Saido Berahino's native Burundi send delegation of officials to court him . Roy Hodgson also has Daniel Sturridge, Danny Welbeck, Wayne Rooney and Harry Kane to pick and must decide whether to also call up Berahino . Berahino is yet to play for senior side so can still switch allegiances . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Tony Pulis has told Saido Berahino that being selected for England Under-21s in a 'big honour in itself' after the West Bromwich Albion striker missed out on a senior call-up. Berahino was in Roy Hodgson's squad for the matches against Slovenia and Scotland last November but did not feature and will instead play for Gareth Southgate's junior side against the Czech Republic and Germany at the end of this month. Despite scoring 18 goals this season and four in his last seven games, Hodgson preferred Harry Kane, while also recalling fit-again Daniel Sturridge to his squad. West Brom striker Saido Berahino (left) has missed out on a call-up to the senior England squad this month . Instead, the forward, who has scored 18 goals this season, will play for Gareth Southgate's Under-21s . Baggies boss Tony Pulis has insisted that Berahino's call-up to the England Under-21s side is a 'big honour' 'I haven't spoken to him about it. I haven't got a clue,' Pulis said when asked about Berahino's mindset. 'I think if he gets selected for the U21s (side) that's a big honour in itself. 'The lad's been very good lately in his attitude and his approach to everything we have done has been excellent. 'He's not said anything to me about it. He has been carrying an injury for the past few weeks but has still shown great character.' On whether Kane might return to the England Under-21 team for the European Championships in the summer, Pulis said: 'I think England should pick their strongest team for every proper tournament but Roy will always have a young player who he think is ready for the senior squad.' In-form Tottenham forward Harry Kane (left) has made the senior England squad for the first time . 21-year-old Kane has scored 26 goals in all competitions for Spurs so far this season . | West Brom forward Saido Berahino has missed out on a senior England call-up . Instead, he will play for Gareth Southgate's Under 21s side . Baggies boss Tony Pulis insists that this is still a 'big honour in itself' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Olivier Giroud strutted out of St James' Park and was the last player to board Arsenal's team bus, having been first to pretty much everything else for his team during a hard-earned win on Tyneside. It brought two more goals for the Frenchman against Newcastle. That's 17 in 26 games this season and 10 in his last 12, one of the best strike rates in Europe. While Harry Kane is cherished by supporters down the road at Tottenham, some Arsenal fans have yet to embrace Giroud fully. The statistics speak for themselves, however. Arsenal striker Olivier Giroud has been dubbed 'world class' by his manager Arsene Wenger . The Frenchman scored two goals for Arsenal as the Gunners ran out 2-1 winners against Newcastle United . Wenger believes that Giroud has developed significantly since joining Arsenal back in 2012 . Olivier Giroud now has eight goals in six games against Newcastle, including scoring with all five headers on target against them in the Premier League. And even though Giroud is 29 in September, Arsene Wenger believes the best is yet to come from a 6ft 4in striker who developed late and was still playing lower league football in France as recently as 2010. Asked if Giroud is world-class, Wenger said: 'I think so and he is scoring the goals to prove it. But I believe there is still room for improvement. 'Technically, he is a much better player than he was. His touch, his link play, his finishing, they have all improved. If you saw footage of him when he first arrived and now, it is obvious he is a better player. 'He is a fighter as well and a player with good mental strength. At 22 or 23 he played in Division Three in France, and now he is at Arsenal.' Giroud is refusing to write off Arsenal's chances of a late push for the Premier League title this season . Giroud's goals gave Arsenal a sixth straight league win and kept them on the fringe of the title race. But you wonder how much closer they would be had he not spent three months on the sidelines after breaking his leg at Everton in August. Wenger's side won only three of nine league games in his absence. While retaining the FA Cup would appear to represent their best chance of a trophy this season, the former Montpellier man has not given up the title chase just yet. 'We need to win every game and that's what we want to do — step by step,' said Giroud. 'You never know if City or Chelsea will miss one of these steps. We've got to be here with great belief and faith.' Giroud's brace against Newcastle has brought his tally for the season up to 17 goals in 26 games . Arsenal still had to hold on in the face of a fierce second-half fightback from Newcastle that revived memories of a famous 4-4 draw in 2011. It was not enough to prevent a third defeat in a row for the home side, placing even more importance on the forthcoming Tyne-Wear derby with Sunderland. Having admitted in the build-up to this game that he expects a clear-out of players in the summer, caretaker boss John Carver is already looking forward to some of the big signings coming through the door. 'Without naming any names, I've seen some of the players they are talking about and I'm quite excited about them,' said Carver. 'It's major work that has to be done, we know that. I know the type of players the fans like and they're the ones on the list, absolutely.' Newcastle head coach John Carver insists that the club will strengthen their squad with top players . | Olivier Giroud scored twice in Arsenal's 2-1 win over Newcastle . He has been described as 'world class' by his manager Arsene Wenger . Arsenal are currently third in the Premier League table . They are only seven points behind leaders Chelsea . Giroud is not writing off his team's title chances just yet . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Eventually he snapped, trudging off the field after 75 minutes and wondering when his next game in a Chelsea shirt will be. This has been brewing for a while, simmering in the background at a time when Jose Mourinho needs his first choice striker out on the pitch in the final, decisive nine games of the season. Diego Costa, this hot-head in a Chelsea shirt, has tweaked his hamstring again and Mourinho will expect his prized forward to barter his way out of Spain's two games during the international break. This time the complaint felt legit, particularly as the score was delicately balanced at 2-2 at the KC Stadium when Costa signalled for help. Chelsea striker Diego Costa was forced off with a hamstring injury during the Blues' 3-2 win over Hull City . Costa (left) talks to manager Jose Mourinho (right) before he is substituted at KC Stadium on Sunday . His replacement, Loic Remy, answered the SOS by scoring Chelsea's winner with his first touch. It was a shame to see Costa disappear down the tunnel, particularly after he had joined Harry Kane at the top of the scoring charts in the Barclays Premier League with a rasping effort to put Chelsea 2-0 ahead. Instead Spain, who have a Euro 2016 qualifier against Ukraine to play on Friday, and a friendly with Holland the following Tuesday will dictate when the forward plays again. Mourinho has an uneasy relationship with Spain coach Vicente del Bosque and with that in mind, his adopted country are likely to demand that he is assessed by their own doctors. 'When the team needs a goal with 15 minutes to go and the striker has a lot of experience with hamstring injuries and says it's over, it's over. 'We know his hamstring is not strong. Now he has 15 days without football, but we never cry about our injured players. 'He has had this problem since he tried to play in the Champions League final against Atletico Madrid. He has this fragility.' There has been talk of an operation at the end of the season, some serious discussions between Chelsea's medical staff about a permanent solution. 'Dr Biosca (Chelsea's medical director) is against knives, against surgery,' admitted Mourinho. 'He's all in favour of conservative work and collective work between the medical department and fitness staff. This is the direction, we believe.' Costa had scored Chelsea's second goal as they stormed into a 2-0 lead within 10 minutes on Sunday . It has been another eventful game for Costa, full of sly digs and elbows again as he responded to the prods in the back from Steve Bruce's players. Everyone tries to work him over these days. There was a flashpoint, of course there was, because that is the way Costa plays the game. He snarls, he snaps, he scores. Here at the KC Stadium, after Hull had pegged back Chelsea amid raucous scenes in the stands, he threw half an elbow in the direction of Jake Livermore. It was not seen by Michael Oliver, the referee who also failed to spot Costa raking his studs down Emre Can during the volatile Capital One Cup semi-final second leg at Stamford Bridge. On this occasion he is expected to escape. Hull were able to draw level before half-time and when Costa was subbed off the scores were locked at 2-2 . The real punishment was for Hull, beaten by the boot of Remy just a couple of minutes after he had replaced Costa as a substitute. He is a useful back-up, full of energy and enthusiasm despite his lack of minutes. Mourinho had every reason to be grateful to him. 'Every time he plays here is there and he probably deserves more than I give him,' admitted a mightily relieved Mourinho. 'There are not many times when a coach owes something to a player, but with Remy that's the case. Every time he plays he gives us a lot.' After scoring the winner here for Chelsea, he has earned a break. Loic Remy scored the winning goal for Chelsea and his contributions could prove vital in Costa's absence . | Diego Costa scored Chelsea's second goal against Hull City on Sunday . However, the forward was forced off with an injury after 75 minutes . It remains to be seen whether or not Costa will play for Spain during the international break . Loic Remy, his replacement, entered the game with the score at 2-2 . Remy's winning goal suggests that he can fill the void in Costa's absence . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The cheer for an AP McCoy-ridden winner this week might be loud but the decibel level could be matched if a runner trained by Sandra Hughes reaches the winner’s enclosure. And Thursday might be that day as the Hughes-trained Lieutenant Colonel is 8-1 third favourite for the Ladbrokes World Hurdle, while The Tullow Tank is no forlorn hope in the opening JLT Novices’ Chase. Both will also carry a wave of sentimental support from the Cheltenham crowd as Hughes took over the family stables close to the Curragh after her father, Dessie, lost his fight against cancer in November. Sandra Hughes celebrates victory at Fairyhouse with Lieutenant Colonel and jockey Bryan Cooper . A Festival legend, Dessie’s eight wins as a jockey included the 1977 Gold Cup on Davy Lad and the 1979 Champion Hurdle on Monksfield. They were matched by eight winners as a trainer, headed by the back-to-back Champion Hurdle victories of Hardy Eustace in 2004 and 2005. Appropriately, the track have named the prize for this week’s top trainer in Dessie’s honour. It is a tribute that the Hughes family appreciate but securing a winner with what Sandra refers to as ‘dad’s horses’ would be even more special. Hughes, whose Thunder And Roses unseated its jockey in the NH Chase on Tuesday, said: ‘It is great to get dad’s horses here because that is what he would have wanted. He just loved Cheltenham. Everything he did each season was working towards it, so to be honoured is lovely. Trainer Dessie Hughes, who passed away in November last year, celebrates with Cooper in the winners enclosure after Our Conor's win in the Spring Juvenile Hurdle . ‘We always came as a family so it is quite tough not having him here, but I feel he is looking down on me. And to see the warmth and the love people had for him was genuinely overwhelming. There is a big contingent over with us, the usual crew. The head of the ship is missing but we are here to make him proud.’ With Sandra this week is Dessie’s widow, Eileen, and his son, Richard, the three-time Flat racing champion jockey who last week announced he will be setting up training in Britain next year. But it was always the plan that Sandra would take the helm at her father’s stable. She said: ‘I thought it would be in 10 or 15 years’ time. I never realised it would be this quick. But things happen and you just have to get on with it. Our whole life revolved around putting the horses first and that is what we had to do. ‘Me and Richard are very close. It is great to have him for advice, even if it is at the end of a phone call. Thankfully, I inherited a fabulous team of horses and a fabulous staff and it is working so far.’ Jockeys line up to observe a minute's silence at Cheltenham racecourse after the death of trainer Hughes . The Tullow Tank is so called because it is the nickname of Ireland rugby forward Sean O’Brien. Owner Barry Connell said: ‘I bought the horse from a friend of Sean O’Brien and he was there at Fairyhouse when he won his beginners chase. We had a couple of drinks and a good chat. ‘He is keen enough on his racing. His day job is a farmer when he is not playing rugby. ‘The horse won first time out and disappointed on his next two runs but we identified reasons for that. We are hoping he will put up a good show and is on his way back.’ A win for The Tullow Tank would be popular as Connell suffered the blow of losing Hughes-trained Our Conor in a fatal fall in last year’s Champion Hurdle. The hand of Dessie is also very much behind the path steered by Lieutenant Colonel this season. He had always wanted a six-year-old he felt was some way off maturity to have another season over hurdles so, after he was beaten in his first steeplechase at Naas in November, Sandra was delighted when his owners, Ryanair boss Michael O’Leary and his racing manager brother Eddie, suggested he switch back to the smaller obstacles. It has been a highly successful decision with two Grade One wins snapped up — the Hatton’s Grace at Fairyhouse a few days after Dessie died and the Christmas Hurdle in December, beating Jessica Harrington’s Jetson on both occasions. Sandra added: ‘He ran in a beginners chase and he was a little bit disappointing but it was always dad’s plan to keep him over hurdles for an extra year. He thought it would make a man of him. ‘So I was delighted when Eddie and Michael suggested going back over hurdles again, and Plan A kicked in again. It was what dad wanted.’ Hughes fits first-time cheekpieces on Lieutenant Colonel, who will be ridden by Bryan Cooper, and is also optimistic The Tullow Tank will run well. ‘I am very happy with him. His jumping has been a little bit of an issue but he jumped well at Leopardstown last time and we feel we have him spot on. This was the race he was trained for all year so hopefully we will get it right.’ | Trainer Sandra Hughes looking to win at Cheltenham for father Dessie . Dessie Hughes lost his fight against cancer in 2014 . Lieutenant Colonel is 8-1 joint-favourite for the Ladbrokes World Hurdle . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Two men will appear in court after allegations of racist chanting at St Pancras station following Chelsea's Champions League clash in Paris. Transport police issued photographs of seven men as part of their probe into the incident which is said to have taken place at around 8pm on February 18. Witnesses claimed a group of fans marched through the station hurling racist abuse and making racist chants. A group of men were at St Pancras International station when they reportedly engaged in racist chanting . Chelsea drew 1-1 with PSG when they met in Paris and PSG progressed on away goals after the second leg . This was the day after an incident on the Paris Metro before Chelsea's match with Paris St Germain when a black man was subjected to alleged racist abuse as he unsuccessfully tried to board a carriage. The two men identified in connection with the St Pancras allegations will appear before Westminster Magistrates in May. A spokesman for British Transport Police (BTP) said: 'Following a thorough investigation we have reported two 21-year-old men for summons in relation to offences of racially aggravated harassment. 'The men, who are from Mitcham and Worcester Park, will appear at Westminster Magistrates’ Court on Monday, 11 May.' BTP say they are still investigating a separate incident in which a group of Chelsea supporters are alleged to have made racist chants on a train service from London Euston to Manchester Piccadilly following their side's Capital One Cup Final victory over Tottenham Hotspur on March 1. Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Two men to appear in court after allegations of racist chanting . Incident said to have taken place at 8pm on February 18 . Chelsea and PSG drew the game in Paris 1-1 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ahead of Wednesday's night's Champions League last-16 second leg clash between Chelsea and PSG, Sportsmail provides you with all you need to know including team news, provisional squads, betting odds and Opta stats. Chelsea vs PSG (Stamford Bridge) (1-1 agg) Kick-off: Wednesday 7:45pm (Sky Sports 5) Odds (subject to change) Chelsea 11/10 . PSG 11/4 . Draw 23/10 . Referee: Bjorn Kuipers (Netherlands) Managers: Jose Mourinho (Chelsea), Laurent Blanc (PSG) Head-to-head record: Chelsea W2 D2 L1 vs PSG in the CL . Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho speaks to the media during a pre-match press conference on Tuesday . PSG manager Laurent Blanc talks to his players during a training session at Stamford Bridge on Tuesday . Team news . Nemanja Matic is available for the Champions League clash after serving a two-match suspension. The midfielder is poised for an immediate return after missing the Capital One Cup final defeat of Tottenham and Premier League win at West Ham for his sending off against Burnley. John Obi Mikel (knee) is the only definite Chelsea injury absentee for the contest, while PSG are missing Serge Aurier with a thigh problem and Lucas with a groin. Chelsea provisional squad: Courtois, Cech, Ivanovic, Luis, Fabregas, Zouma, Ake, Ramires, Oscar, Hazard, Drogba, Remy, Costa, Matic, Willian, Cuadrado, Cahill, Terry, Azpilicueta, Blackman, Loftus-Cheek. PSG provisional squad: Bahebeck, Cabaye, Camara, Cavani, Digne, Douchez, Ibrahimovic, Lavezzi, Luiz, Maignan, Marquinhos, Matuidi, Maxwell, Motta, Pastore, Rabiot, Silva, Sirigu, Van Der Wiel, Verratti . Nemanja Matic (left) puts in a challenge on William during Chelsea training at Cobham on Tuesday . Key match stats (supplied by Opta) Chelsea are one of three teams still unbeaten in this season’s Champions League, alongside Porto and Real Madrid. Chelsea are unbeaten at home against French opposition, all encounters taking place in the Champions League (W4 D2). They have kept five clean sheets in those six games. Fernando Morientes is the last player to score for a French club at Stamford Bridge, it was in the 2003/04 semi-final between Chelsea and Monaco. Chelsea have scored in each of their last 18 Champions League home games. The last time they failed to find the net at Stamford Bridge was in April 2011 against Manchester Utd. 50% of Chelsea’s goals in the Champions League this season have come from set-pieces (9 out of 18), the highest ratio among the 16 teams left in the competition. Chelsea only had two shots in the first leg against Paris SG. Their second and last attempt was Branislav Ivanovic’s goal in the 36th minute. Branislav Ivanovic (centre) heads the ball towards goal to put Chelsea 1-0 in front at the Parc des Princes . Paris SG have reached the knockout stages of the Champions League for the third consecutive season, their best ever run. They were knocked out in the quarter finals in the last two campaigns. Paris SG have only lost one of their last nine Champions League knockout games (W4 D4), it was against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in April 2014 (0-2). Paris SG have never scored an away goal against an English side in European competition (5 games). Edinson Cavani has scored six goals in seven Champions League games this season, his most prolific campaign in the competition. Five of his six games in the knockout stages of the Champions League have been against Chelsea (with Napoli and PSG) – he was knocked out both times previously. Zlatan Ibrahimovic has scored seven goals in 34 Champions League knockout games (one every 4.9 games) as opposed to 36 in 73 games in the group stages (one every 2 games). Zlatan Ibrahimovic (centre) stretches as he warms up during a training session in London . Didier Drogba has scored five goals in seven competitive games against Paris SG (with Guingamp, Marseille and Chelsea). Eden Hazard has been fouled 28 times, more than any other player in the Champions League this season. Nine of those came in the first-leg against Paris SG, a record in a CL game this season. José Mourinho has only lost one of his 16 Champions League games against French clubs (W11 D4). It was at the Parc des Princes against Paris SG last season (1-3). Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Chelsea take on PSG at Stamford Bridge on Tuesday in the second leg . The Blues hold the advantage after a 1-1 first-leg draw in Paris . Nemanja Matic is available for Chelsea after a two-match suspension . PSG are missing Serge Aurier and Lucas through injury . CLICK HERE for the Chelsea vs PSG Champions League action LIVE . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | For Dundee United and Celtic, the trilogy becomes a quadrilogy. Already facing each other three times in three competitions at three different venues across the third month of the year, one final blast of beleaguered referee Craig Thomson’s whistle at Tannadice ensured yet another instalment of this saga. In the movie business, each successive film in a franchise tends to be markedly poorer than its predecessor. And as the dust settled on this breathtaking and at times bewildering contest of almost incessant controversy, the suspicion lingered that nothing that lies ahead in March could possibly match this blockbuster for drama, action and utter high farce. For on an astonishing Scottish Cup afternoon on Tayside, nine-man United fought to a valiant 1-1 draw against their 10-man visitors. This was a game scarred by two early red cards, ultimately three in total, but, in truth, there could have been five. One, dished out to the luckless Paul Paton, was a monumentally unjust case of mistaken identity. Leigh Griffiths wheels away to celebrate his equaliser in the 1-1 draw with Dundee United . Celtic defender Virgil van Dijk (right) was sent off after only nine minutes of the Scottish Cup quarter-final . In a case of mistaken identity, the referee also sent off Dundee United's Paul Paton . Adding to the scandal, Nadir Ciftci, the United striker who opened the scoring from the spot after team-mate Aidan Connolly appeared to dive to win a penalty, should not have been on the park at all after kicking out at Scott Brown. The Celtic captain was, himself, lucky to escape red for a quite awful challenge on the Turkish forward in the first place. And even after all that drama there was still room to plot in a villain-to-hero story, as Leigh Griffiths missed a penalty then scored an equaliser to break the heart of outstanding United keeper Rado Cierzniak. Griffiths’ beautiful header secured a replay at Parkhead on March 18 – the second of three games in a week between the teams – although the Celtic striker may now relinquish penalty duties. ‘I had the chance to get us back in it with the penalty but he saved it,’ said Griffiths. ‘I’d been practising in training all day yesterday [Saturday] and never missed a single one. I apologised to the fans because I never scored. It was my fault and if Kris Commons is back in the team next week he will be back on them because he’s No1 penalty taker. But if not I will put my hand up to take one because I am always confident. ‘Their goalie’s had one of those games, he saved everything we threw at him. I hope he’s not in that form in the final next week or we could be in trouble. But it was nice that I picked myself up to score.' The referee points to the spot after Aidan Connolly was brought down in the Celtic box . Celtic keeper Craig Gordon fails to stop Nadir Ciftci from giving Dundee Utd the lead . Dundee United's Nadir Ciftci celebrates scoring the opening goal with a penalty . The tone for a bizarre afternoon was set on nine minutes when Brown went in hard on Ciftci. He retaliated with a kick towards the Celtic skipper’s head. In the same melee, Calum Butcher slid into Virgil van Dijk, who appeared to stamp down on the United man as the pair tangled on the ground. And yet, after a three-minute discussion between referee Thomson and his assistant Graham Chambers, red cards were issued to van Dijk and, astonishingly, the apparently blameless Paton instead of Butcher. As he trudged off, Paton’s face was the picture of incredulity. This season he has already been banned for two games for allegedly spitting at Aberdeen’s Johnny Hayes – despite his ‘victim’ protesting that Paton was innocent. Paton recently insisted he was the victim of unfair treatment from the SFA because he elected to play for Northern Ireland over Scotland. That, of course, remains a nonsense but he was right to feel aggrieved. As half-time approached, United nearly took the lead when Butcher’s mis-hit shot was diverted past Craig Gordon by Ryan Dow but the ball bounced back off the inside of the post and was hacked away to safety. Then, after a lighting break, Celtic raced up to the other end and great play from Stefan Johansen saw him cleverly slip the ball in for Anthony Stokes. The forward was clean through on goal, and took two touches before picking his spot. Unfortunately for him, however, the spot he chose was the bottom left post and the ball was cleared by United’s relieved defence. Whether or not the ball took a bobble on the pitch, only Stokes will know, but it looked a real sitter. Worse was to come for the Irishman when young Connolly drove at the Celtic defence and appeared to throw himself to the ground with Stokes nearby. Dundee United have a second player sent off after Paul Dixon (3rd left) receives his marching orders . Griffiths missed his chance to equalise for Celtic from the penalty spot . It looked a dive but Ciftci didn’t care about that as he ruthlessly cracked his spot kick low and hard beyond the diving Gordon. As the teams left the park at half-time Emilio Izaguirre was furious at the award of the spot kick. But it was the Honduran’s misplaced clearance into the path of Connolly that had put his team under pressure in the first place. It was a crazy conclusion to the first half but the second period immediately brought fresh madness. Within three minutes, Dundee United were down to nine men when Griffiths’ shot struck Paul Dixon on the arm as the United defender attempted to block. Griffiths caught the ball well but United goalkeeper Cierzniak, so often criticised, pulled off a wonderful save to prevent Celtic levelling. With United moving to a 5-3-0 formation, it was like the Alamo at times but there were great saves to come from Cierzniak - from both Stokes and substitute John Guidetti. Griffiths makes up for his penalty miss by drawing Celtic level with a header . Celtic captain Scott Brown celebrates with Griffiths as the game finishes in a 1-1 draw . Despite the one-way traffic, however, Gordon had to look lively to stop Butcher scoring on a rare United counter. Just as it looked like Celtic’s treble dreams could come unstuck on an unacceptably poor Tannadice pitch, Griffiths gained his redemption. Running on to Stefan Johansen’s beautifully-flighted ball, he nodded expertly beyond Cierzniak. From then on in, United nine men battled valiantly to remain in the hunt for a semi-final spot. ‘It will be a tough game at Hampden against Inverness or Raith,’ nodded Griffiths after the draw was made. ‘Either side will make it hard for us - but that’s only if we get through by finishing the job at Parkhead. But we know Dundee United will make it tough for us.’ At the end of a quite thrilling encounter, United had sent out a clear message ahead of the sequel, next Sunday’s League Cup final at Hampden. Beware the Ides of March. | William Hill Scottish Cup quarter-final ended in a 1-1 draw at Tannadice . Referee sent off Celtic defender Virgil van Dijk and Dundee United's Paul Paton (in a case of mistaken identity) and Paul Dixon . Nadir Ciftci opened the scoring for the hosts from the penalty spot . Leigh Griffiths missed a penalty before equalising for the Hoops . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The first rule of Brazil versus Chile is: You do not talk about Brazil versus Chile. The second rule of Brazil versus Chile is: You do not talk about Brazil versus Chile. Brazil may have come away with a 1-0 win through Firmino’s second-half strike, but this match between two South American rivals was more like a scene from cult ‘90s film Fight Club, in which Brad Pitt and Ed Norton get normal men kicking lumps out of each other every week, than the showpiece friendly expected. As the film goes, the third rule of Fight Club: Someone yells stop, goes limp, taps out, the fight is over. No-one told the Chilean players as they repeatedly floored Neymar with challenge after challenge after challenge. Hoffenheim's Roberto Firmino (left) celebrates with team-mates Elias and Neymar having opened the scoring for Brazil against Chile . Firmino managed to skip past the on-coming Claudio Bravo on 72 minutes to slot Brazil ahead at the Emirates stadium on sunday . Neymar watches on after tangling with Chile defender Gary Medel and the former Cardiff player appears to stamp on the Brazilian . The Barcelona star is evidently in pain after Medel's (centre) cynical stamp on Neymar's leg at the Emirates stadium on Sunday . Remarkably referee Martin Atkinson didn't punish the stamp by Medel as Neymar was left in pain on the Emirates stadium pitch . Brazil (4-2-2-2): Jefferson 7; Danilo 7, Thiago Silva 6.5, Miranda 6.5, Marcelo 6 (Filipe Luis 76); Souza 6.5 (Elias 60, 6), Fernandinho 6; Douglas Costa 6 (Willian 62, 6), Coutinho 6 (Robinho 60, 6); Neymar 7, Luiz Adriano 5.5 (Firmino 60, 7). Subs not used: Diego Alves, Grohe, Gil, Oscar, Gabriel, Fabinho, Luiz Gustavo. Manager: Dunga 6 . Booked: Thiago Silva, Neymar, Miranda, Fernandinho, Elias. Chile (3-4-1-2): Bravo 6; Medel 6, Jara 6, Albornoz 6; Isla 6, Millar 6 (Fernandez 74 6), Aranguiz 6, Mena 6 (Gonazlez 82); Vidal 6.5 (Vargas 80); Sanchez 7.5, Hernandez 6. Subs not used: Roco, Garces, Cornejo, Pizarro, Orellana, Gutierrez, Fuenzalida, Lichnovsky. Manager: Jorge Sampaoli 5 . Booked: Albornoz, Gonzalez . Referee: Martin Atkinson 7 . MOTM: Alexis Sanchez . Attendance: 60,007 . The Fourth rule: only two guys to a fight. Here at the Emirates Stadium it was 11 on 11. The first savage blow came three minutes in. Brazilian enforcer Souza crunched Alexis Sanchez. Somewhere, Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger winced and knew it would be a nervy 90 minutes watching his star player. It was clear this was going to be a ‘friendly’ in the very loosest terms. Miiko Albornoz was next in referee Martin Atkinson’s book, nailing Neymar twice in a matter of minutes as the Chileans competed against each other for how many times they could take out Brazil’s star man. Gary Medel tried the hardest, taking him down in a challenge then standing back up on his calf. The former Cardiff defender was lucky to remain on the pitch, perhaps helped by Neymar writhing around as if he had been tasered. 'They didn’t get much protection,' Dunga said of his players’ treatment after the game. On Medel’s stamp, he added: 'The decision is the referee’s. Chile has a great team, very dynamic, great fighting, but some players make mistakes. These days we have 300 cameras focusing on the action so you have to play football. There’s no other solution.' There were flashes of quality and skill, from Sanchez and Neymar mainly, the pair sending either side of the stadium into raptures of screeching and screaming with their every touch. On 37 minutes, Neymar scooped the ball out of an opponent’s reach, which prompted their best chance of the first-half. The ball made its way to Marcelo and he crossed for Douglas Costa to the right of goal, who controlled the ball with his chest but could only volley over. Neymar also came close with an in-swinging free kick from out on the right after 26 minutes, which almost tucked into the far right post before Claudio Bravo tipped it wide. Early in the half Sanchez took a lovely touch to get clear and raced into the box, but was eventually blocked out. The first 45 minutes were brought to a close by Fernandinho flying in with studs raised only to find air and Neymar being booked for tripping Gonzalo Jara. It was fitting. If anyone was expecting anything different in the second-half, they were duly disappointed 100 seconds into it when Mauricio Isla went through the back of Neymar, who was down clutching his ankles yet again. Sanchez started taking the game by the scruff of the neck, while the others were too busy taking each other by it, and making things happen. The international friendly between Brazil abd Chile added a bit of South American flare to proceedings in a rain drenched North London . Arsenal forward Alexis Sanchez sprints away from Thiago Silva (left) on the Emirates stadium pitch he has become very familiar with . Brazil manager Dunga passes on instructions to his right back Danilo as he watches his side take on South American rivals Chile . He got the wrong side of Miranda on 63 minutes and was brought down, earning the Brazil defender a yellow card. Three minutes later he beat three men before being tripped by substitute Willian and moments later he was spinning and shimmying past more again. The resulting free kicks, however, were poor. Finally, after 72 minutes of the match, there was a chance of real note - and the Brazilian’s scored it. Substitute Firmino was played through by a wonderful pass from right-back Danilo and he rounded the goalkeeper to score. Dunga was satisified with victory, he said: 'It's true Chile controlled the game, but we had more chances at goal. So it wasn't just luck - we deserved to win. We are building a competitive team, working through obstacles very well, played against a very strong France team, changed six players but stayed stable and strong.' Managers across Europe with a vested interest in this game would have been relieved to hear the final whistle blow and no major injuries incurred. By the end, seven yellow cards had been brandished and it was incredible there were no reds. But the match is over now and, remember, the first rule of Brazil versus Chile is: You do not talk about Brazil versus Chile. Real Madrid left back Marcelo attempts to clear the ball under pressure from Chile's Arturo Vidal during the international friendly . Brazil's Danilo (left) in action against Chile's Eugenio Mena (right) as the South American sides clashed at Arsenal's Emirates stadium . An ardent Brazil fan wore the green and yellow of her nation as thousands of South American football fans attended the Brazil vs Chile match . Barcelona star Neymar keeps his eye on the ball as he tries to control and begin another attack for his national side . Brazil forward Luiz Adriano (left) struggles to keep his balance as Medel challenges his opponent for possession at the Emirates on Sunday . Brazil right back Danilo (right) springs into an acrobatic challenge to try and win back possession for his side from Chile's Sanchez . Neymar was in the wars again after this foul from Mauricio Isla of Chile on the touchline left the Barcelona star in apparent agony . | Former Cardiff defender Gary Medel was lucky not to receive a card for a nasty stamp on Brazil talisman Neymar . Roberto Firmino fired the Brazilians ahead on 72 minutes, rounding Chile keeper Claudio bravo to slot home . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A former CEO dubbed 'Piggy' for his life of excess which ended up putting him behind bars when he plundered his company for $150 million, has spoken about the joys of his now simpler life. Leo Dennis Kozlowski, 68, lives in a small, rented apartment in midtown Manhattan with his third wife, Kimberly, 48, whom he met while he was spending time at Mid-State Correctional Facility in upstate New York. Kozlowski was jailed in 2005 for taking unauthorized bonuses, conspiracy and other charges. He was also ordered to pay $167 million in restitution and fines. Former chief executive of Tyco International Dennis Kozlowski and second wife Karen leave New York State Supreme Court in June 2005 soon after he was found guilty of stealing $150 million . Kozlowski, poses with two women in toga costumes in a frame taken from an amateur video tape of the lavish $2.1 million, week-long party for his second wife Karen's 40th birthday . Last month, he completed his parole after spending three years on work-release. He spent almost seven years behind bars for his white-collar crimes although he faced up to 25 years. During his time in jail, he was separated from other prisoners due to his 'high-profile' status. Although he knows that he did wrong, Kozlowski admitted to The New York Times in a recent interview that he feels plenty more on Wall Street did not pay the price. Kozlowski's fall from grace - known as 'deal-a-day' Dennis, he turned Massachusetts-based Tyco from a small firm into a $150billion force - was a gripping case of schadenfreude for the tabloids because of the gaudy life of excess he had led. In the early 2000s, The New York Post published a picture of him under the headline 'Oink Oink' after revelations emerged of his $6,000 gold-and-burgundy shower curtain in his lavish, $30million 5th Avenue apartment paid for by Tyco. But as he told The New York Times this week: 'I was piggy. But I’m not that person anymore.' Kozlowski's princely lifestyle was legendary - he owned a multi-million-dollar art collection and had an oceanfront estate in Nantucket and a mansion tucked in an exclusive gated community in Boca Raton, Florida. Tyco also paid half of the $2million cost of Kozlowski's second wife, Karen's 40th birthday party in 2001. Held on the island of Sardinia, the bash had a 'Roman orgy' theme and featured an ice sculpture of Michelangelo's David urinating Stolichnaya vodka. Jimmy Buffet was flown in to perform. Karen Mayo (second left) poses with a friend and two men in gladiator costumes at her $2million birthday bash - half of which was paid for by Tyco . The Tyco CEO once had a home in this exclusive gated community in Boca Raton, Florida. He also owned a home in Nantucket and on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan . The businessman also owned a 130-foot yacht, Endeavor, which he would sail around the world to compete in regattas. Life now, couldn't be more different. Mr Kozlowski's time behind bars has given him perspective on simple pleasures. He loves spending time with his grandchildren, enjoys subway rides, eating avocados - and even trips to the dentist. He also paid tribute to his third wife Kimberly Fusaro - a divorced Wall Street trader whom he met behind bars after she began writing to him. She began visiting him in 2009 and sending fresh fruit and vegetables from the garden of her Long Island cottage. He proposed to her with a $300 Cubic zirconium ring and they got married last year. He also got a job as part of his parole requirement. He borrowed an office from a friend in Midtown and consults on low-profile mergers and acquisitions. He would not discuss his finances with The Times but claimed to have 'no real estate' and a hold a 'minuscule percentage' of the New York Yankees. Fortunately for its employees, Tyco is still standing, making security systems and employing around 57,000 people. Kozlowski also once owned the yacht Endeavour, pictured while competing in the Americas Cup Jubilee regatta at Cowes, Isle of Wight in 2001 . | Leo Dennis Kozlowski, 68, now lives in a small, rented apartment in midtown Manhattan with third wife Kimberly . Kozlowski was jailed in 2005 for taking unauthorized bonuses, conspiracy and other charges . He became known as 'piggy' after NY Post published details of his $30M corporate apartment - complete with $6,000 shower curtain . He spent seven years in jail and is no longer on parole . |
Name some of the well-known supervillains of Marvel Comics as per the passage. | Marvel Comics is an American comic book publisher and the flagship property of Marvel Entertainment, a division of The Walt Disney Company since September 1, 2009. Evolving from Timely Comics in 1939, Magazine Management/Atlas Comics in 1951 and its predecessor, Marvel Mystery Comics, the Marvel Comics title/name/brand was first used in June 1961.
Marvel was started in 1939 by Martin Goodman as Timely Comics, and by 1951 had generally become known as Atlas Comics. The Marvel era began in June 1961 with the launch of The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. The Marvel brand, which had been used over the years and decades, was solidified as the company's primary brand.
Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther and Captain Marvel, as well as popular superhero teams such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy. Its stable of well-known supervillains includes the likes of Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City, New York, United States. Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies. This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015. | Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A photo has revealed the full extent of Stephen Ireland's injury, which left the midfielder needing '12-13 stitches' after Maynor Figueroa's horror challenge left a three inch gash in his calf. The Stoke City player was taken off at half time and the prognosis of the nasty injury is likely to keep him out of action for a minimum of three weeks. Figueroa is unlikely to receive a ban with any potential retrospective action hinging on referee Neil Swarbrick and his officials' prognosis of who saw the challenge. It is understood at least one of them did witness the incident. The gash in Stephen Ireland's leg following Maynor Figueroa's challenge left him needing ten stitches . The Stoke City (left) midfielder lies injured after the after horror tackle from the Honduras international . The incident left his manager Mark Hughes furious after the game who insisted the Honduras international could have ended Ireland's career. He said: ‘Stephen Ireland has been on the end of a horrendous tackle, one that should’ve seen a straight red. 'The tackle could've finished his career. Why the referee hasn't given a straight red I've no idea. Figueroa cleared the ball and followed through to rake his studs down Ireland's leg . He is likely to escape any action from the FA because the officials have confirmed they saw the incident . Ireland is now expected to miss the next three weeks of the season following his nasty injury . 'Ireland’s come in at half-time and rolled his sock down, there’s a wound needing 12-13 stitches. I’ve watched the video back, it’s shocking. We’re frustrated. They need to do better.' The Britannia Stadium is no stranger to horror injuries, when Aaron Ramsey's leg was broken following a Ryan Shawcross tackle in 2010. Despite the shocking injury to Ireland, the Potters scored a late winner through Peter Crouch to help soften the news of his expected absence. | WARNING - GRAPHIC CONTENT . A photo has revealed the full extent of Stephen Ireland's injury . The midfielder was the victim of a horror tackle from Maynor Figueroa . The full back won't face any action because the officials saw the incident . READ: Premier League needs video replays to help our referees . Click here for all the latest Stoke City news . |
From the passage provided, extract the date that National Beer Day is celebrated in the United States. | National Beer Day is celebrated in the United States every year on April 7, marking the day that the Cullen–Harrison Act came into force after having been signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 22, 1933. This led to the Eighteenth Amendment being repealed on December 5, 1933, with the ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. April 6, the day prior to National Beer Day, is known as New Beer's Eve. | National Beer Day is celebrated in the United States on April 7. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Daniel Sturridge has always been deemed a fairly cool sort of chap, hasn't he? Well it turns out we were all wrong, and the England international posted the picture on social media to prove it. The Liverpool striker, famed for his perfect fades and crazy celebration, lost all street cred when he posted a picture of himself with Louis Tomlinson. Daniel Sturridge takes to social media to post a picture of himself with One Direction's Louis Tomlinson . Liverpool's English striker Sturridge celebrates in his usual spectacular fashion after scoring a goal . One Direction's Louis Tomlinson had a brief spell playing for Doncaster Rovers and tried to buy the club . Tomlinson is in the band One Direction by the way, just in case you are anything other than a 12-year-old girl. He also had a brief spell with Doncaster Rovers as a player, he also tried to buy the club, and in his tweet Sturridge joked that both would be strike partners in the summer. It appeared the duo were out in London's swanky Libertine club as Sturridge continues to show the world he has lots of friends in music. The 25-year-old striker is also believed to be pals with rappers Drake and Tinie Tempah with the latter supporting the band The Script just last week at the Echo arena. The duo enjoyed 'tea and toast' at Liverpool's Leaf Cafe on Bold Street on that occasion. Sturridge enjoys tea and toast with Tinie Tempah at Liverpool's Leaf Cafe on Bold Street . | Daniel Sturridge has been out on the town with Louis Tomlinson . The England striker and One Direction star partied in London on Monday . Duo Sturridge and Tomlinson were in the swanky Libertine Club . Liverpool forward joked the pair would be strike partners in the summer . CLICK HERE for all the latest Liverpool news . |
Who is credited with the recognition of electromagnetism? | Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the "Thunderer of the Nile", and described them as the "protectors" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them.
Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing.
Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature.
Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus ("of amber" or "like amber",, elektron, the Greek word for "amber") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words "electric" and "electricity", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646.
Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges
In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his "On Physical Lines of Force" in 1861 and 1862.
While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life.
In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for "his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels.
The first solid-state device was the "cat's-whisker detector" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor.
Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948. | The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. |
Extract the location that the Kirtland's warbler lives in the winter. | Kirtland's warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii), also known in Michigan by the common name jack pine bird, or the jack pine warbler, is a small songbird of the New World warbler family (Parulidae), named after Jared Potter Kirtland, an Ohio doctor and amateur naturalist. Nearly extinct just 50 years ago, populations have recovered due to conservation efforts. It requires large areas, greater than 160 acres (65 hectares), of dense young jack pine for its breeding habitat. This habitat was historically created by wildfire, but today is created through the harvest of mature jack pine, and planting of jack pine seedlings.
The population of the species spends the spring and summer in their breeding range in Ontario, Wisconsin or Michigan, especially the northeastern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, and winters in The Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola and the Turks and Caicos Islands. | Kirtland's warbler is a small songbird that spends its winters in The Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Immigrants arrived in Britain at the rate of almost one every minute during the ‘open door’ years under New Labour, a devastating audit reveals. The influx caused the foreign population to swell by 3.6million between 1997 and 2010. The figure was four times higher than the previous 13 years and equivalent to the population of Britain’s five largest cities outside London – Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Sheffield and Bradford. Scroll down for video . One-way ticket: Polish migrants from Zychlin board a coach in Warsaw to start a new life working in Britain . The report was released as immigration – ranked the second most important issue by voters – finally came to prominence in the general election campaign. Ukip leader Nigel Farage came under attack from both the Tories and Labour after ditching his party’s commitment to cap net immigration at 50,000. And Ed Miliband attempted to seize the initiative on the issue, ridiculing David Cameron at Prime Minister’s Questions over the Tories’ failure to reduce net migration to the ‘tens of thousands’. Today the spotlight switches back to Labour’s own record, following the publication of a comprehensive study by the think-tank MigrationWatch. It found that, through a combination of deliberate policies and ‘cock-up’, 7.23million immigrants were allowed to arrive in the UK – almost one every minute. The figure includes relatives and children who accompanied their parents – but not offspring born to parents since arrival in the UK. Ed Miliband attempted to seize the initiative on the immigration issue at Prime Minister’s Questions yesterday over the Tories’ failure to reduce net migration to the ‘tens of thousands’ Discounting the number who left over the same 13-year period, net foreign immigration was 3.6million. However, the figure also excludes the huge numbers who are suspected of sneaking into the country illegally. Factors behind the surge in arrivals included the relaxation of visa rules for non-EU workers, a five-fold rise in foreign students as bogus colleges flourished and an ‘amnesty’ for more than 200,000 asylum seekers and illegal immigrants. Labour also made it harder for border guards to stop suspected sham marriages. But the most decisive factor was the party’s decision not to impose controls in 2004 when Poland and seven other former Eastern Bloc countries joined the EU. Ministers predicted only 13,000 would arrive each year – yet more than one million came. The MigrationWatch study argues that the mass immigration policy had such huge implications it should have been outlined in Labour’s election manifestos. But in 1997 the only reference was that ‘every country must have firm control over immigration and Britain is no exception’. The think-tank’s report says: ‘The New Labour years were characterised by a change in culture that was not shared by the wider public. ‘The mood at the top of government circles... was distinctly internationalist in its outlook and viewed national borders as an increasingly archaic feature in this new globalised world.’ The BBC is blamed for stifling debate on the subject, while anyone who dared to voice their concerns risked being ‘thought to be racist’. Damagingly for Mr Miliband, the analysis concludes that Labour may pursue similar policies if it returns to power – pointing out that the party leader forgot to mention immigration in his conference speech last year. Labour refuses to impose a target for net migration and has said it would remove foreign students from figures. MigrationWatch also points out the failure of Mr Cameron to meet his ‘tens of thousands pledge’ – with official figures last week showing net migration was almost 300,000 in the year to September 2014. Ukip leader Nigel Farage came under attack from both the Tories and Labour after ditching his party’s commitment to cap net immigration at 50,000 . But it warns Labour is ‘unable to capitalise on the Conservative failure as their legacy on the issue is as close to toxic as is possible’. MigrationWatch chairman Lord Green of Deddington said: ‘This is a fascinating but very sad story of how a small but determined group appear to have manipulated immigration policy while deterring any opponents with false allegations of racism.’ It doubted Labour would reduce the scale of immigration to a ‘sensible level’ and said pressure from pro-immigration groups would ‘very likely lead to the gates being thrown open once more’. The report by the independent think-tank says one possible explanation for Labour’s policy was a desire to win future elections. Once settled in the UK, migrants were entitled to apply for citizenship and vote in general elections. Labour also decided not to strip voting rights from one million people from the Commonwealth living in Britain who do not have citizenship. Under arcane rules, they can register on the electoral roll as long as they have an address in Britain. Open borders dogma that led to anarchy . Through deliberate policy changes and rank incompetence, Labour presided over the largest wave of immigration in modern history. Here, JAMES SLACK examines the key decisions which brought 3.6million foreign nationals to Britain... EASTERN EUROPE . Labour, unlike in almost every other major European economy, opted not to impose transitional controls when eight former Eastern Bloc countries joined the EU in 2004. Officials predicted only 13,000 would arrive. What followed was one of the largest peacetime movements of people in European history. At the end of 2004, there were 167,000 Eastern Europeans in the UK. Within two years the number had increased by 250,000. The total now stands at 1.077 million. Under Labour, Britain developed a reputation as a soft touch for asylum seekers – with gangs massing at Calais to try to leap aboard lorries or Eurostar trains. Pictured, illegal immigrants attempt to board a lorry . ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT AMNESTY . More than 220,000 failed and delayed asylum-seekers and migrants were granted permission to stay permanently from 2006 onwards in what was dubbed an effective amnesty. In many cases, the applicants had been stuck in the system for so long that it would have been a breach of their human right to a family life to kick them out. The Tories inherited a backlog of a further 368,100 cases from Labour in 2010. WORK VISAS . The rules for letting non-EU workers into the UK were relaxed, allowing skilled migrants to come in without first having a job offer. This was a deliberate strategy designed to produce economic growth. In 1997, 62,975 visas were granted to non-EU migrants for work, plus their dependants. By 2005 that figure had more than doubled to at least 137,035 a year. Tony Blair launched his Prime Minister’s Initiative to in 2009 to increase dramatically the number of non-EU students - but 50,000 students were bogus . BOGUS STUDENTS . In 1999 Tony Blair launched his Prime Minister’s Initiative to increase dramatically the number of non-EU students. Numbers duly rocketed from 39,000 in 1997 to 180,000 a year by the time Labour lost power in 2010 – but little care was taken over who was coming in. The National Audit Office found that in 2009 as many as 50,000 bogus students may have entered the UK to work rather than study. PRIMARY PURPOSE RULE . One of the new Government’s first acts in 1997 was to abolish a rule that placed the burden on foreign spouses to prove that it was not the primary purpose of their marriage to a British citizen or settled person to obtain residency in the UK. Immediately, it led to a sharp jump in the number of marriage visas – 32,200 were given out in 1998 compared to 21,000 in 1996. ABOLITION OF EXIT CHECKS . In 1998 Labour abandoned the system of logging people out of the country. The report claims this is likely to have led to more people overstaying their visas and becoming illegal immigrants. In 1997 17,000 citizens of the New Commonwealth departed – this number fell to 10,000 in 1998 when the checks were scrapped. ASYLUM CHAOS . Under Labour, Britain developed a reputation as a soft touch for asylum seekers – with gangs massing at Calais to try to leap aboard lorries or Eurostar trains. In 2002 almost 85,000 applications were received – up from 32,500 in 1997. The Human Rights Act introduced in 1998 made it harder to remove failed claimants. | During 'open door' years of 1997 and 2001 the number of immigrants rose . Population was equivalent to the population of Britain's five largest cities . Report found 7.23million immigrants were allowed to arrive in that time . Figure doesn't include offspring born in UK or those who entered illegally . Relaxation of visas, bogus students and asylum seeker 'amnesty' blamed . |
What is Baumkuchen made of? | Baumkuchen (German pronunciation: [ˈbaʊ̯mˌkuːxn̩] (listen)) is a kind of spit cake from German cuisine. It is also a popular dessert in Japan. The characteristic rings that appear in its slices resemble tree rings, and give the cake its German name, Baumkuchen, which literally translates to "tree cake" or "log cake".
History
It is disputed who made the first Baumkuchen and where it was first baked. One theory is that it was invented in the German town of Salzwedel, which is further popularized by the town itself. Another theory suggests it began as a Hungarian wedding cake.[citation needed] In Ein new Kochbuch (lit. "A New Cookbook"), the first cookbook written for professional chefs by Marx Rumpolt, there is a recipe for Baumkuchen. This publication puts the origin of Baumkuchen as far back at 1581, the year the cookbook was first published. Marx Rumpolt had previously worked as a chef in Hungary and Bohemia.[citation needed]
Characteristics
Baumkuchen baked on a spit
Traditionally, Baumkuchen is made on a spit by brushing on even layers of batter and then rotating the spit around a heat source. Each layer is allowed to brown before a new layer of batter is poured. When the cake is removed and sliced, each layer is divided from the next by a golden line, resembling the growth rings on a crosscut tree. A typical Baumkuchen is made up of 15 to 20 layers of batter. However, the layering process for making Baumkuchen can continue until the cakes are quite large. Skilled pastry chefs have been known to create cakes with 25 layers and weighing over 100 pounds (45 kg). When cooked on a spit, it is not uncommon for a finished Baumkuchen to be 3–4 feet (0.91–1.22 m) tall.
Baumkuchen ingredients are typically butter, eggs, sugar, vanilla, salt, and flour. Baking powder is not considered a traditional ingredient. The ratio of flour, butter and eggs is typically 1:1:2 respectively (i.e., 100 grams of flour, 100 grams of butter and 200 grams of eggs). The recipe can be varied by adding other ingredients, such as ground nuts, honey, marzipan, nougat and rum or brandy, to the batter or filling. Additionally, Baumkuchen may be covered with sugar or chocolate glaze. With some recipes, the fully baked and cooled Baumkuchen is first coated with marmalade or jam, and then covered with chocolate. | Baumkuchen ingredients are typically butter, eggs, sugar, vanilla, salt, and flour. Baking powder is not considered a traditional ingredient. The ratio of flour, butter and eggs is typically 1:1:2 respectively (i.e., 100 grams of flour, 100 grams of butter and 200 grams of eggs). |
Subsets and Splits