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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | She's been keeping a pretty low profile since the end of the X Factor in December. But yesterday, Cheryl Fernandez-Versini took to Instagram to make a special announcement: she'd had a hair cut. Debuting a new bob Cheryl said: '#newdo colour is @lorealparisuk Casting Creme Gloss Berry Red 565. @percyhair thanks for the chop.' Scroll down for video . Loving her look: Cheryl posted a picture of her new hair this morning telling her Instagram fans that she is still getting used to her new look . Cheryl said her new style was inspired by a bygone era with the star saying: 'I love the 70s,' she also remarked that the cut was, 'long overdue.' This morning a natural and fresh faced looking Cheryl posted a second picture of her new look with the caption: 'Morning people .. Getting to grips with my new "do". The chop comes after Cheryl spent months with long hair extensions. Whilst on the X Factor she had them highlighted before swapping for a darker look once the show ended. Her hairdresser, Percy Reed, who created the new look for the singer, and whose products are available on QVC said: 'Creating a new look has been talked about for a while but this cut was just done on the spur of the moment. 'We were backstage in Cheryl's dressing room and we both knew the look we wanted to create, and so, an hour and a half later Cheryl had a completely new look. 'I wanted to give Cheryl a cut that was feminine and sexy and almost an easy, 'ready to go' cut, that daily can just fall into place. Cheryl showed off her new look on Instagram telling her followers that she was 'long overdue' a hair cut . Percy, who says his Wonderbalm is great for using on wet hair before styling, continued: 'The cut is subtly graduated with a shaggier texture. It's got a slight 70's, Joan Jett texture that keeps it cool. 'What I really like about this style is that it's so wearable and easy to maintain - it looks amazing after it's just been styled but then it also looks great the following day when it's slightly lived in and undone. Cheryl has great hair, so it's always a pleasure to cut' This isn't the first time the L'Oreal model has gone for a drastic hair-over. In the 13 years since she first shot to fame on the ITV show Pop Idol, she's tried out many different styles. She started out with glossy short black hair, has had bright highlights, long extensions and after famously being ditched from the US X Factor she came back with a brand new blonde bob. Cheryl, who is married to French entrepreneur Jean-Bernard Fernandez-Versini, has previously described why she likes changing her hair so much. She once said: 'A different hair colour gives you a boost. It makes you feel new and different.' Here we look back over her hair-volution... Heading to a court appearance in 2003 Cheryl looks barely recognisable as the glamour puss she is today . Crazy cornrows: Performing on stage in 2003 Cheryl thought it would be a good idea to get cornrows . Supporting her man: Not long after she started dating Ashley Cole in 2004 Cheryl was spotted at an Arsenal match with this choppy blonde do that looked as though it had been inspired by Jennifer Aniston's 'Rachel' cut . By 2006 Cheryl had toned down her highlights and was rocking a half up, half down hairdo . Young and in love: Ashley Cole, Cheryl's first husband, seemed to like her blonde hair which she pulled back from her face with a little red clip . Fancy fringe: In 2007 Cheryl decided to go for the chop again, this time going for a blunt fringe - unfortunately though, her new look did not distract from her see-through top . Headband times: Pictured with her Girls Aloud band-mates in 2007 (L-R) Sarah Harding, Nadine Coyle, Nicola Roberts and Kimberley Walsh, Cheryl accessorised her fringe with a coloured hairband . Getting Glam: By 2008 Cheryl was getting more and more glamorous, swapping her bangs for a softer look and adding some high-lights . Ravishing in red: As a wax work of Cheryl was unveiled at Madame Tussauds in 2010 the singer showed off a berry coloured red hair do . The X Factor disaster: In 2011 Cheryl was hired as a judge on the US X Factor, only to be dumped by Simon Cowell a few weeks later, at the time fans said she looked 'unrecognisable' with this giant do . Birthday girl: After going into hiding following her X Factor nightmare Cheryl stepped out for her 28th birthday a new woman with a new haircut, rocking a super blonde bob . Big bouffant: When she didn't feel like wearing the bob down Cheryl pulled it up into a giant beehive, like when she attended a Stylist Pick party at Home House in September 2011 . Cheryl loved this look so much that she kept it for a few months, wearing it both straight and tousled . Back to black: By June 2012 as Cheryl promoted her new album, A Million Lights, she was back to her long hair having dyed her locks considerably darker . The Fishtail: Cheryl famously loved wearing her hair in a fishtail plait prompting many others to try out her look . As Cheryl was spotted leaving Radio 1 in October 2012 it was slightly lighter hair and an injured arm . She's back! Not only did March 2014 signal the announcement that Cheryl was coming back to the UK X Factor it also gave her a chance to show off this long blonde look . Keeping it curly: Whilst filming the X Factor auditions in August 2014 Cheryl chose to wear her high-lighted hair in soft curls which framed her face . | Cheryl Fernandez-Versini debuted her new red bob on Instagram . The singer and TV judge said the chop was 'long overdue' Has previously had a number of different hair styles both long and short . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Rory McIlroy will use his first appearance in the Arnold Palmer Invitational as his last competitive outing before attempting to complete the career grand slam in next month's Masters. McIlroy missed the cut in the Honda Classic on his PGA Tour debut at the start of the month and then hit the headlines for throwing his three iron into a lake at Doral during the WGC-Cadillac Championship, where he went on to finish joint ninth. The world No 1 spent part of last week practising at Augusta National with his father Gerry and New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady as he looks to claim a first green jacket and join Gene Sarazen, Ben Hogan, Gary Player, Jack Nicklaus and Tiger Woods in winning all four major titles. Rory McIlroy in action during the pro-am at the Arnold Palmer Invitational in Orlando . The event in Florida will be the world No 1's last competitive action before the Masters . 'I took three weeks off before the Masters in 2011 and it worked pretty well for 63 holes, not quite 72,' McIlroy joked in his pre-tournament press conference, a reference to his back-nine collapse in a closing 80 after starting the final round with a four-shot lead. 'I am just trying to adopt a similar approach.' Asked about his attitude at Augusta last week, the 25-year-old added: '100 per cent fun, zero per cent serious. I didn't hit any extra balls, just hit one ball the whole time. I just wanted to go and enjoy it with my dad, that's what the whole thing was about. There were four father-and-son pairs and we had a great time. 'Tee to green I know what I am doing, it's just about being comfortable on and around the greens.' McIlroy hit the headlines at Doral in the World Golf Championship for launching a club into the water . McIlroy has won all of golf's other three majors but is yet to taste success at Augusta . McIlroy revealed he had been working hard on his game for several days at home following an 'unplanned' visit from coach Michael Bannon, adding: 'I am feeling much better with my game than I was walking off Doral 10 days ago. 'I am excited in the direction it's going and to be here and get one more competitive outing and try to get myself into contention.' After getting his first look at Bay Hill, McIlroy admitted he was beginning to regret not playing the event sooner, both as the course suits his game and in order to pay his respects to Palmer. 'What Arnold Palmer has done for our game and what he's done for the PGA Tour, it was about time that I showed up here and played in his tournament,' McIlroy added. The top five in the world rankings are all competing this week - McIlroy, Bubba Watson, Henrik Stenson, Adam Scott and Jason Day - with Scott looking to bounce back from missing the cut in the Valspar Championship last week, ending his run of 45 PGA Tour events without an early exit. | Rory McIlroy will use Arnold Palmer Invitational as last competitive action before the Masters at Augusta next month . The world No 1 has been practicing at Augusta recently . Masters is the one major that McIlroy is yet to win . |
Given a reference text about Psychiatry: An Industry of Death, tell me when it opened and and who owns and operates it. | Psychiatry: An Industry of Death is a museum in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, that has also hosted several touring exhibitions. It is owned and operated by the Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR), an anti-psychiatry organization founded by the Church of Scientology and psychiatrist Thomas Szasz. The museum is located at 6616 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, California. Entry is free.
The opening event on December 17, 2005, was attended by well-known Scientologists such as Priscilla Presley, Lisa Marie Presley, Jenna Elfman, Danny Masterson, Giovanni Ribisi, Catherine Bell, and Anne Archer, as well as former Scientologist Leah Remini.
The museum is dedicated to criticizing what it describes as "an industry driven entirely by profit". It has a variety of displays and exhibits that highlight physical psychiatric treatments, such as restraints, psychoactive drugs, electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery (including lobotomy, a procedure abandoned in the 1960s).
The exhibition is also well-known for being the site of a heated confrontation between BBC Panorama reporter John Sweeney, and the Church's then-spokesman Tommy Davis in March 2007, during the filming of Sweeney's documentary Scientology and Me. | The Psychiatry: An Industry of Death museum opened on December 17, 2005 and is owned and operated by the Citizens Commission on Human Rights. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester City might have seen their Champions League dreams end in Barcelona on Wednesday night, but they are the Barclays Premier League's big winners this season in terms of money made from taking part in Europe's premier competition. Defeat at the Nou Camp left Manuel Pellegrini's men with just the Premier League title to fight for in what is looking increasingly like a disappointing season at the Etihad Stadium, on the pitch at least. Off it, City's staff will be delighted to be able to bring in £28.4million-worth of revenue from their participation in Europe, more than Chelsea and Arsenal - who both joined City in dropping out at this stage - and group stage flops Liverpool. Manchester City captain Vincent Kompany and his team-mates had a tough night in Barcelona on Wednesday . Chelsea were knocked out by Paris Saint-Germain at the same stage as City but take home less money . The reasoning behind City's increased income is their league positioning from last year, which affects the market pool shared between the clubs and accounts for half of the money paid to participating clubs. The Premier League champions get 40 per cent of the money set aside for English sides, with Liverpool taking 30 per cent, Chelsea on 20 per cent and Arsenal getting just 10 per cent. The other half of money paid to clubs comes from prize money based on the stage they are knocked out at. Given their third-place position in the Premier League last year and having advanced to the second round with City and Arsenal, Chelsea are the second biggest earners on £28.4m. Santi Cazorla is consoled after Arsenal's defeat to Monaco - they earned the same amount as Liverpool . Steven Gerrard and his Liverpool team-mates topped up their earnings with a brief Europa League flirtation . Group stage . Second round . Quarter-finals . Semi-finals . Runner-up . Winner . £6.2million . £2.5m (£8.7m total) £2.8m (£11.5m total) £3.5m (£15m total) £4.6m (£19.6m total) £7.5m (£22.5m total) Figures exclude market pool share, clubs also earn £700,000 per group stage win and £350,000 per group stage draw . London rivals Arsenal brought in the same level of revenue as Liverpool - £21.6m. This comes down to the Anfield club's better league position last season - second rather than fourth - plus the topping up of their total by £0.8m from a brief stint in the Europa League. Come the final in Berlin on June 6, whoever lifts the famous trophy could pick up a prize pot approaching £26.8m, dependent on their group stage results, and that's before the market pool money is considered. They also get the chance of another payday in the UEFA Super Cup next season, played between the Champions League and Europa League winners. That one-off game paid out £2.1m to this season's victors, Real Madrid. | Manchester City will be paid £28.4m for their Champions League efforts . That is £3.8m more than their nearest Premier League rivals, Chelsea . Liverpool and Arsenal, also knocked out, both earn £21.6m from UEFA . The difference for City comes from their position as English champions . Eventual winners of Champions League could make around £40m . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Next stop the Masters for Rory McIlroy and let's hope his final competitive hole before the season's first major in just over a fortnight's time proves a portent of things to come. Taking dead aim with his second shot on the dangerous 18th hole at Bay Hill on Sunday, the world No 1 judged it beautifully. The eight iron approach finished just 6ft from the hole and he rapped home the birdie putt for a 70 for a tied 11th finish in his first appearance at the Arnold Palmer Invitational, where American Matt Every completed a successful title defence. Given McIlroy climbed to within a stroke of the lead on Friday with a run of five birdies in a row during his second round 66, it hardly represented the summit of his ambitions for the weekend. Rory McIlroy finished strongly but had to settle for 11th place at the Arnold Palmer Invitational . Matt Every (left) celebrates winning the Arnold Palmer Invitational and is given the trophy by the man himself . American champion Every made a successful defence of the trophy at Bay Hill on Sunday . But the tournament was really all about prep work ahead of his attempt to become the first European to complete the career Grand Slam and in those terms, he pronounced himself content. 'I feel like I got what I wanted out of the week and saw some progress on the things I am working on between now and Augusta,' he said. 'Now I'll go away and work on them some more and hopefully be ready for the Masters.' That work will be completed at the Bear's Club near his home in South Florida, where the greens will be a lot closer to Augusta speed than those at Bay Hill last week, where he never really looked comfortable. As for the Masters, McIlroy said: 'I'm excited with it now so close, and the chance to win a third major in a row and become just the sixth player to complete the career grand slam. It is a nice position to be in and I am going to embrace it.' McIlroy began seven shots off the lead and threatened briefly to assemble the sort of final round charge that saw him make up just such a deficit to win the BMW PGA Championship at Wentworth last year. Stenson threw away a golden opportunity to win Palmer's tournament . Ian Poulter also had a disappointing weekend as he finished outside the top 20 . He birdied the two par fives, the fourth and sixth, and looked certain to birdie the 8th but the putt somehow failed to drop. McIlroy bent over in exasperation and at the next his race was run in terms of winning when he ran up an untidy bogey. It looked as if the round would fizzle out but he assembled something of a grandstand finish with two birdies in his last three holes. Alongside McIlroy, Europe's other leading hope for a first Masters triumph in 16 years must be the Swede Henrik Stenson but he will be smarting right now after throwing away a golden opportunity to win Palmer's tournament. After two fourth place finishes in a row in Florida, he began the final round with a two stroke lead. After losing it on the front nine owing largely to some forceful attacking play from Americans Morgan Hoffmann and Every, he had regained it with four holes to play. The only thing that has ever held him back, however, has been his putting and his weakness showed up again with successive three putts at the 15th and 16th holes. How costly that proved as Every played a marvellous iron shot to the 18th to set up what proved the clinching birdie. Stenson could not match it to give the unsung Floridian a one shot win. As for Ian Poulter, the UK's other player in contention at halfway, he will be disappointed with his weekend's work after a final round 72 left him outside the top 20. | Rory McIlroy finished strongly but had to settle for 11th place . Matt Every defended his title at the Arnold Palmer Invitational . McIlroy will now turn his attentions to the Masters at Augusta . Ian Poulter finished outside the top 20 at Bay Hill . |
Based on this passage, please provide a bullet-point list of the processes used to prepare semiconducting materials for integrated circuits (ICs). | There is a combination of processes that are used to prepare semiconducting materials for ICs. One process is called thermal oxidation, which forms silicon dioxide on the surface of the silicon. This is used as a gate insulator and field oxide. Other processes are called photomasks and photolithography. This process is what creates the patterns on the circuit in the integrated circuit. Ultraviolet light is used along with a photoresist layer to create a chemical change that generates the patterns for the circuit.
The etching is the next process that is required. The part of the silicon that was not covered by the photoresist layer from the previous step can now be etched. The main process typically used today is called plasma etching. Plasma etching usually involves an etch gas pumped in a low-pressure chamber to create plasma. A common etch gas is chlorofluorocarbon, or more commonly known Freon. A high radio-frequency voltage between the cathode and anode is what creates the plasma in the chamber. The silicon wafer is located on the cathode, which causes it to be hit by the positively charged ions that are released from the plasma. The result is silicon that is etched anisotropically.
The last process is called diffusion. This is the process that gives the semiconducting material its desired semiconducting properties. It is also known as doping. The process introduces an impure atom to the system, which creates the p–n junction. To get the impure atoms embedded in the silicon wafer, the wafer is first put in a 1,100 degree Celsius chamber. The atoms are injected in and eventually diffuse with the silicon. After the process is completed and the silicon has reached room temperature, the doping process is done and the semiconducting material is ready to be used in an integrated circuit. | -Thermal oxidation
-Photomasks/photolithography
-Etching (mainly plasma etching)
-Diffusion/doping |
Which record label created Vinyl | The LP (from "long playing" or "long play") is an analog sound storage medium, a phonograph record format characterized by: a speed of 33+1⁄3 rpm; a 12- or 10-inch (30- or 25-cm) diameter; use of the "microgroove" groove specification; and a vinyl (a copolymer of vinyl chloride acetate) composition disk. Introduced by Columbia in 1948, it was soon adopted as a new standard by the entire record industry. Apart from a few relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound, it remained the standard format for record albums (during a period in popular music known as the album era) until its gradual replacement from the 1980s to the early 2000s, first by cassettes, then by compact discs, and finally by digital music distribution. | Vinyl was introduced by Columbia in 1948 |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A teenage girl has been beaten to death and set on fire in a Nigerian market after being accused of being a suicide bomber. Police officers said a second suspected teenage girl was also accused of being a suicide bomber and was arrested at the Muda Lawal market, the biggest market in Bauchi city in north east Nigeria. A yam vendor said people discovered one of the girls had two bottles strapped to her body so they clubbed her to death, put a tyre doused in fuel over her head and set it on fire. Scroll down for video . Police said the girl was accused of being a suicide bomber and clubbed to death before being set on fire by the crowd at the market in Bauchi, Nigeria - pictured are the schoolgirls Boko Haram kidnapped last year . Market trader Mohd Adamu said the girls refused to be searched at the gate of the vegetable market, arousing suspicion from the people who attacked them. But police spokesman Mohammad Haruna said it seemed doubtful the girl was a bomber and described her as the victim of 'mob action carried out by an irate crowd'. A spate of such attacks has been blamed on Nigeria's homegrown Boko Haram extremist group, which wants to enforce strict Islamic law across Nigeria. Last year the terror group kidnapped hundreds of schoolgirls from the town of Chibok - sparking fears they are being used to carry out the suicide bombings. A vehicle used by Boko Haram set ablaze by Nigerian troops near the town of Baga, north-eastern Nigeria . Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan (pictured right) shakes hand with a military officer on his arrival at the town of Baga, which was the scene of Boko Haram's worst massacre to date . Boko Haram carried out its first suicide bombing in 2011 - it's a relatively new tactic for the terror group. The first female suicide bombing was reported in June 2014 when a middle-aged woman blew herself up at army barracks in Gombe, northeast Nigeria. This incident was the first in a wave of suicide attacks by women and girls in Nigeria. There were then six such attacks in six weeks. Since November there have been several attacks by female suicide bombers each month. In total, 27 women and girls have reportedly been involved in suicide attacks in the country. In 2014, Nigeria saw around 85 percent of all female suicide bombings around the world. The group has increased the number of suicide attacks over the last year, particularly those involving girls and women. Recently girls as young as 10 have been used to carry explosives which were then detonated in busy markets and bus stations. It is unclear whether the girls detonate explosions themselves or whether the bombs are controlled remotely. President Goodluck Jonathan last week condemned Boko Haram for choosing soft targets and said the series of bombings are a response to the Nigerian military's recent success in seizing back towns that had been in the hands of the extremists for months. The group has threatened to disrupt Nigeria's March 28 presidential and legislative elections, saying democracy 'is a corrupt Western concept'. Several thousand people took to the streets of Cameroon's capital yesterday to denounce Boko Haram's bloody insurgency and to call for the killing of the group's leader Abubakar Shekau. Several thousand people protested in Yaounde, Cameroon to denounce Boko Haram's bloody insurgency . Cameroonian people gather to protest against Boko Haram in Yaounde, Cameroon, yesterday . People hold Chadian and Cameroonian flags) during the march in support of the Cameroonian army's war against Boko Haram . The march in Yaounde was aimed at informing the public, especially in the southern regions, about the threat posed by Boko Haram, which has carried out regular cross-border raids in the far north . 'This march symbolises Cameroon's unity against Boko Haram,' the country's Labour Minister Gregoire Owona told marchers in Yaounde, before shouting 'Shekau!' In response, the crowd of 15,000, chanted: 'You are dead, you are a coward.' Over the past seven months Cameroonian soldiers have been battling the Nigerian Islamists, which are now locked in a regional fight that also includes soldiers from Nigeria and Chad. Boko Haram's six-year insurgency, which has left 13,000 dead and forced over a million from their homes, has increasingly spilled over into neighbouring nations. Several ministers led the vocal, but peaceful march, which saw protesters waving the flags of Cameroon, Chad and Nigeria. | Teenage girl was clubbed to death and set on fire by an angry mob . Incident took place in the popular Muda Lawal vegetable market, Nigeria . Crowd became suspicious after two girls refused to be searched at the gate . They were accused of being suicide bombers and one was killed by crowd . But police described the girl as a victim of 'mob action by an irate crowd' Terrorist group Boko Haram often use young girls to carry out attacks . Last year the terror group kidnapped hundreds of schoolgirls - sparking fears they are being used by Boko Haram to carry out the bombings . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)The A320, the aircraft involved in a crash in France on Tuesday, has for several decades been a key component in the rivalry between manufacturers Airbus and Boeing. The twin-engined A320 entered service in 1988, some two decades after its single-aisle rival, Boeing's 737. As of March 2015, there have been a total of 11,537 orders for the A320, with 6,452 deliveries to date and slightly fewer aircraft flying globally by more than 300 operators. Airbus says the entire fleet has accumulated 150 million flight hours in more than 85 million flights. The A320 family ranges from the smaller A318 (about 100 seats), to the upgraded A321 (about 185 to 220 passengers depending on the class configuration). The short to medium-range A320 is the most popular version with a range of about 3,300 nautical miles or 6,150 kilometers. It has a wingspan of 35.8 meters (with wing fins called sharklets), a length of 37.57 meters and a maximum payload of 16.6 tonnes, according to Airbus. The aircraft -- Flight 9525 -- involved in Tuesday's crash was operated by Germanwings, a subsidiary of German flag carrier Lufthansa. Airbus said the 150-seat aircraft, which had been flying between Barcelona, Spain and Dusseldorf, Germany, was 24 years old, having been delivered to Lufthansa from its production line in 1991. It said the A320 had accumulated approximately 58,300 flight hours in 46,700 flights. It was powered by CFM 56-5A1 turbofan engines, the latest versions of which are capable of delivering up to 33,000 pounds of thrust. The aircraft manufacturer said it was sending a "go-team of technical advisers" to assist French authorities at the scene of the crash. Germanwings' fleet includes 15 active A320s, according to another database, planespotters.net. The A320-200 can seat up to 180 passengers in a single-class configuration. The Germanwings plane was carrying 150 people, including six crew members. According to information from the Aviation Safety Network accident database, there have been 55 incidents involving the A320, not including Tuesday's crash. In December 2014, an Airbus A320 operated by AirAsia Indonesia crashed into the Java Sea en route from Surabaya, Indonesia to Singapore. All 162 people on board Flight QZ8501 were killed. "The A320 has a fantastic safety record," said Phil Seymour, the president of the International Bureau of Aviation. "There have been a couple of incidents, but generally speaking, they're safer than most aircraft out there now." Seymour adds that at 24 years old, the aircraft involved in the crash was probably nearing the final years of its working life, but that would not affect safety. "Airlines would usually consider retiring an aircraft at the 25-30 years point because maintenance costs increase beyond that. "These things fly day-in and day-out and are designed to go on and on. Airlines usually only decide to retire them because maybe there's a younger aircraft that doesn't use as much fuel and doesn't cost so much to run." The A320 is a twin engine single aisle aircraft seating 150 passengers in a standard two classes configuration. The first A320 entered service in March 1988. By the end of February 2015 nearly 6,200 A320 Family aircraft were in operation worldwide. To date, the entire fleet has accumulated some 150 million flight hours in over 85 million flights. The worst A320 incident in terms of fatalities was the 2007 crash of a TAM Linhas Aereas plane that killed all 187 on board, plus a further 12 people on the ground when it failed to stop and went off the runway during landing in Sao Paulo in wet conditions. In 2009, in an incident known as the "Miracle on the Hudson, pilot Chesley Sullenberger landed a U.S. Airways A320 on the Hudson River in New York when the plane lost lost power in its engines after hitting a flock of geese. All on board survived. CNN's Barry Neild contributed to this report. | There have been more than 11,000 orders for the Airbus A320 family . The plane is the single-aisle rival to Boeing's 737 . A320 is "safer than most aircraft out there now," says aviation expert . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Celtic have turned up the heat ahead of a potentially-fraught League Cup final by slamming the SFA’s decision to let Dundee United midfielder Calum Butcher play in Sunday’s Hampden showpiece. The Englishman escaped a red card after referee Craig Thomson sent off team-mate Paul Paton instead in an apparent case of mistaken identity during a stormy Scottish Cup quarter-final. That decision will be the subject of an appeal tribunal on Wednesday, when Celtic will also challenge the red administered to defender Virgil van Dijk following his clash with Butcher last Sunday. Celtic have slammed the SFA’s decision to let Dundee United's Calum Butcher play in the League Cup final . Celtic will challenge the red shown to defender Virgil van Dijk following his clash with Butcher last Sunday . United’s Nadir Ciftci – already banned from the Hampden showpiece – faces a further two-match suspension for violent conduct after kicking out at Parkhead skipper Scott Brown. But Celtic are furious that Butcher will be free to play in the final, even if Paton is found to be the victim of a miscarriage of justice. A club statement read: ‘It seems completely illogical and fundamentally unfair that, in an incident where mistaken identity has been claimed, the Dundee United player now identified as being involved appears to have no case to answer – and would be available to play in the League Cup Final and the Scottish Cup replay between the teams – while Celtic’s player (van Dijk) may potentially miss both of those matches. ‘Celtic and Virgil van Dijk maintain their position that no red-card offence was committed by Virgil. Virgil will appear at Hampden to put his case on Thursday and we will fully support him in this appeal.’ United refused to comment publicly on Tuesday night, but are privately furious at some of Celtic’s comments. Brown, meanwhile, has escaped retrospective punishment for his tackle on Ciftci. The United striker lashed out in retaliation at the Scotland midfielder before van Dijk and United’s Paton were controversially dismissed by Thomson on the advice of assistant Graham Chambers. Celtic's Scott Brown accused Dundee United forward Nadir Ciftci of 'blatantly' kicking him in the head . There will be no SFA action against Tannadice winger Aiden Connolly, however, despite claims by Celtic the youngster dived to win a penalty in the Scottish Cup stalemate. Expressing relief that Brown has been cleared to play on Sunday, team-mate Stefan Johansen said the SFA had reached the right decision in that regard. ‘I saw the tackle from Broony,’ said the Norwegian. ‘It was just a tackle and everything else was just a lot of players around it. ‘He would have been a big loss - but I didn’t think that was going to happen. He is the captain and means a lot to the team. We could see how important he is to the team when he was out at the start of the season. He’s a great player and a fantastic captain. He gives it out but he takes it back. That is part of his game. It’s not only him in this league who makes hard tackles.’ The failure to penalise Brown’s challenge was blamed by United boss Jackie McNamara for sparking the incident which saw Ciftci lash out with his boot. Offered a fast-track two-match ban by the SFA compliance officer, Ciftci has until 3pm today to respond to the complaint. If he declines, a Fast Track Tribunal will convene tomorrow. Failure to win his appeal would see the striker miss the Scottish Cup replay with Celtic and the subsequent Premiership clash between the sides. Despite rising tensions, Johansen believes the League Cup final will not go the same way as the Scottish Cup tie – which was the first of what will now be four games between the teams in a short period. ‘It was a weird game, with three red cards and two penalties,’ he said. ‘It affects the game, of course, but I think it will be different this time. I don’ t think what happened on Sunday will affect the final. It’s a new game and a trophy is at stake for the winners. ‘I am just focusing on ourselves. If we go out and play the way we can then we have a great chance.’ | Celtic will challenge Virgil van Dijk red card following Calum Butcher clash . Bhoys face Dundee United in League Cup final at Hampden Park . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Francis Coquelin has emerged as one of Arsenal's standout performers this season, since returning from a loan-spell at Championship side Charlton Athletic in December. The 23-year-old Frenchman had been on the peripheries for some time and was loaned to the Addicks in order to gain first-team football; but following injuries to the likes of Jack Wilshere and Mikel Arteta, he was recalled to north London after just five games. Now, granted the chance to fill Arsenal's void between defence and midfield, Coquelin has not looked back and is thriving in his role as the Gunners' enforcer. Francis Coquelin skips past QPR midfielder Sandro (right) during Arsenal's 2-1 win at Loftus Road . Coqeulin comes forward with the ball ahead of the oncoming QPR striker Bobby Zamora (right) He told the club's official website, 'I never got the chance to have the run of games before. The manager gave it to me and I can show for the first time what I'm capable of. 'It's not to be big-headed, but I've always had confidence in myself.' Arsenal's next game is against Manchester United in the FA Cup quarter-final at Old Trafford on Monday. The Gunners lifted the trophy last year after defeating Hull City in the final, but know they will have to be at their best to repeat the feat this term. And Coquelin insists that Arsenal have plenty left to play for this season, challenging for the Cup, while also attempting to finish in the Premier League's top four and overturning a 3-1 defect in Europe against Monaco. He said, 'We've got a lot to fight for. We've got a big game in the Champions League and we need to try and turn that one around. Everything is possible in football.' Coquelin (pictured in training on Sunday) insists that Arsenal still have plenty left to play for this season . Arsenal midfielder Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain (right) lines up a shot during the training session at Colney . Arsenal players are put through their paces ahead of the FA Cup quarter-final against Manchester United . | Francis Coquelin has emerged as one of Arsenal's standout performers . The midfielder returned early from a loan spell with Charlton Athletic . He has filled in for the injured Jack Wilshere and Mikel Arteta . Coquelin told the club's website, he was always confident in his abilities . Arsenal face Manchester United in the FA Cup quarter-final on Monday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England are interested in bidding for Euro 2028 but are very unlikely to bid for the 2026 World Cup, Football Association chairman Greg Dyke has revealed. FIFA announced last week that the decision on the 2026 tournament will be made in 2017 - when Sepp Blatter is still likely to be FIFA president. The FA has decided not to bid for FIFA tournaments while Blatter is still in power following England's failed bid for 2018, but is eyeing a bid for the European Championship in 2028. FA chairman Greg Dyke says England could beat for the European Championships in 2028 . FA decided not to bid for tournaments while Sepp Blatter in the FIFA president after their failed 2018 bid . David Beckham was part of the failed bid . Dyke said: 'The truth is, the chances of the 2026 World Cup being in Europe are virtually nil; Sepp Blatter has still got a good chance of being there when it is decided and we certainly won't bid if Blatter is there. 'Our policy is that we won't bid for almost any tournaments while the current leadership is there. 'We would be much more interested in bidding for Euro 2028 because we like UEFA but it is a very long time away still.' England will host the semi-finals and final of Euro 2020 at Wembley - the competition is being played in 13 countries across Europe. The United States are favourites to be named as hosts of the 2026 World Cup - Asia cannot bid as Qatar, an Asian federation country, is hosting the 2022 tournament and Europe has 2018 in Russia. | England will not bid to host tournament with Sepp Blatter still in charge . FA chairman Greg Dyke says England could bid for Euro 2028 . Dyke confirmed England will not be bidding for the 2026 World Cup . Hosts will be decided in 2017 when Blatter could still be FIFA president . |
Please summarize how to create printable models on my 3D printer? | 3D printable models may be created with a computer-aided design (CAD) package, via a 3D scanner, or by a plain digital camera and photogrammetry software. 3D printed models created with CAD result in relatively fewer errors than other methods. Errors in 3D printable models can be identified and corrected before printing. The manual modeling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as sculpting. 3D scanning is a process of collecting digital data on the shape and appearance of a real object, creating a digital model based on it. | A 3D printable model can be created by either 3D scanning a physical object or a manual modeling process via computer-aided design (CAD). |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mourners were today demanding justice for an atheist blogger hacked to death by Islamists in Dhaka over his opposition to religious extremism. Hundreds of mourners gathered around the coffin of Avijit Roy, a U.S. citizen of Bangladeshi origin, after he was murdered in the street last week on his way home from a book fair. His wife and fellow blogger, Rafida Ahmed, remains in hospital in a serious condition after she suffered head injuries and lost a finger in the attack. Scroll down for video . Mourning: Flowers are laid on the coffin of Avijit Roy, the atheist blogger hacked to death in the street in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, as he returned with his wife from a book fair on Thursday evening . Grief: Friends and relatives of Mr Roy sob as mourners come to pay respects to the writer, whose murder came amid a crackdown on Bangladesh's resurgent Islamist groups . Anguish: Mr Roy's father Ajoy Roy, seated right, is comforted by fellow mourners at his son's funeral earlier today. Hundreds came to see Mr Roy's coffin at Dhaka University and lay flowers before his burial . U.S. citizen: Mr Roy with his wife Rafida Ahmed on holiday together at the Grand Canyon. She remains in hospital in a serious condition after she suffered head injuries and lost a finger in the attack . The murder of Mr Roy, an atheist who advocated secularism in Bangladesh, came amid a crackdown on the country's Islamist groups after they increased their activities in recent years. A resident of Atlanta, Georgia, Mr Roy came to visit Dhaka, the city of his birth, in the middle of last month and had been due to soon return home. Today mourners carried flowers to his coffin at Dhaka University to pay their respects. 'Free thinking in Bangladesh is become a great danger, all the free thinkers are at great risk,' writer Shahriar Kabir told Reuters. 'We want to know why the government failed to ensure the safety of him, despite knowing that he had been facing threats from the Islamist radicals.' As Mr Roy's father stood by, Kamal Hossain, the architect of Bangladesh's secular constitution, called the killing 'a heinous murder'. 'My question is, why did it take place?' said Mr Hossain. 'Avijit was killed because of his writing. By killing him, the killers have torn apart our constitution.' No arrest has so far been made. People also held a demonstration at the spot where he was killed and chanted slogans demanding 'immediate arrest and quick trial of the perpetrator'. Mr Roy's family said Islamist radicals had threatened him over his blog, 'Mukto-mona,' or 'Freemind,' that highlighted humanist and rationalist ideas and condemned religious extremism. The naturalised U.S. citizen, who was a bio-engineer as well as a blogger, had been receiving death threats online for years. Mr Roy and his wife have a daughter at university in the U.S. Ajoy Roy stood alongside his son's coffin as mourners filed past. He reiterated that Islamist militants were responsible for his son's death, but also blamed the government for failing to protect him despite repeated threats on his life. 'I am speechless at this moment of mourning. When the fundamentalists threatened, I informed the Inspector General of Police and Deputy Inspector General of Police,' Ajoy Roy said. 'This murder has proved their utter failure.' Heartache: Fellow mourners comfort Ajoy Roy as he looks down at his son's coffin at Dhaka University earlier today. Avijit Roy was returning from a book fair at the university when he was attacked in the street . Last visit: A resident of Atlanta, Georgia, Mr Roy came to Dhaka, the city of his birth, in the middle of last month and had been due to soon return home after attending the university book fair . Secularist: Mr Roy's family said Islamist radicals had threatened him over his blog, 'Mukto-mona,' or 'Freemind,' that highlighted humanist and rationalist ideas and condemned religious extremism . Target: Mr Roy, who was also a bio-engineer, had been receiving death threats online for years . Respected: Dozens of mourners queue to pay their last respects to Mr Roy at Dhaka University . An obscure militant group, Ansar Bangla 7, claimed responsibility for the attack, which it said was in retaliation for his 'crime against Islam'. The extremists also said he was singled out because he is a U.S. citizen - and characterized the vicious killing as 'revenge' for attacks on ISIS in Syria. Police said at least two men, who are believed to have links to Dhaka University, attacked Roy around 8.45pm on Thursday, landing three strong, deliberate blows to the right side of his head with machetes. They turned on his wife, Rafida Ahmed, when she tried to save him, then fled into the crowd, dumping their weapons as they ran. Police have expressed shock that extremists struck at a university book fair, which was heavily guarded. Witnesses have even said officers and bystanders were there during the murder - but did nothing. U.S. State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki called it 'a shocking act of violence' that was 'horrific in its brutality and cowardice'. Jodie Ginsberg, chief executive of free speech campaign group Index on Censorship said: 'Our sympathies are with the family of Avijit Roy. 'Roy was targeted simply for expressing his own beliefs and we are appalled by his death and condemn all such killings.' Family man: Mr Roy and his wife in a photo believed to show their daughter, right, a student at a US college . Serious condition: Ms Ahmed suffered severe head injuries and lost a finger trying to defend her husband . Bloodbath: The scene immediately following the attack on the couple. An obscure militant group, Ansar Bangla 7, claimed responsibility for the attack it said was in retaliation for his 'crime against Islam' In 2013, religious extremists targeted several secular bloggers who had demanded capital punishment for Islamist leaders convicted of war crimes during Bangladesh's war for independence. Blogger Ahmed Rajib Haider was killed that year in a similar attack near his home in Dhaka after he led one such protest demanding capital punishment. In 2004, Humayun Azad, a secular writer and professor at Dhaka University, was also attacked by militants while returning home from a Dhaka book fair. He later died in Germany while undergoing treatment. Media group Reporters Without Borders rated Bangladesh 146th among 180 countries in a ranking of press freedom last year. | Hundreds of mourners gather to see Avijit Roy's coffin at Dhaka University . He was hacked to death on Thursday on his way back from a book fair . An obscure Islamist group has claimed responsibility for the attack . Mr Roy's wife still in a serious condition after trying to save her husband . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Even if you read this in a fairytale book, you would still think it was far-fetched but Harry Kane does not want this story to end. A hat-trick just three days after your first ever England call-up? You simply could not write it. But Kane is composing his own scripts at the moment. His dream season continued on Saturday as he fired Tottenham to a hard-fought victory. All this in front of England manager Roy Hodgson. Kane will surely make his England debut in either Friday’s Euro 2016 qualifier against Lithuania or the friendly against Italy a few days later after taking his season tally of goals to 29. Harry Kane put Tottenham 3-2 ahead form the penalty spot after Danny Rose was fouled in the box as the 21-year-old completed his hat-trick . Kane holds three fingers up as he celebrates after scoring from the spot to score his first Premier League hat-trick . The strike was Kane's 29th goal of the season and the 19th in the Premier League as he overtook Sergio Aguero and Diego Costa . Tottenham were awarded the spot kick when Danny Rose was bundled over by David Nugent's clumsy challenge . England manager Roy Hodgson was watching form the stands as Kane became the Premier League's leading goalscorer . Kane applauds the Tottenham supporters as he takes the match ball after the final whistle at White Hart Lane . Tottenham: Lloris 5 (Vorm 4, 5); Walker 5, Dier 5, Vertonghen 5, Rose 6; Mason 7 (Dembele 87), Bentaleb 7.5; Townsend 6 (Paulinho 58, 6.5), Eriksen 7, Chadli 6; Kane 8.5 . Subs not used: Chiriches, Adebayor, Lamela, Davies . Scorers: Kane 6, 13, 64, Schlupp (OG) 85 . Booked: Chadli, Rose . Manager: Mauricio Pochettino 7 . Leicester: Schmeichel 5; De Laet 5, Morgan 6, Huth 5 (Mahrez 75), Upson 5 (Wasilewski 46, 5), Schlupp 5; Nugent 6.5, James 7, Cambiasso 6.5 (King 85), Vardy 7; Ulloa 6 . Subs not used: Schwarzer, Konchesky, Drinkwater, Kramaric . Scorers: Vardy 38, Morgan 50, Nugent 90 . Booked: Nugent . Manager: Nigel Pearson 6.5 . Man of the Match: Harry Kane . Referee: Mike Dean 6 . Harry Kane made it 2-0 with a deflected shot. Click here for more from MATCH ZONE . ‘It’s true he’s in a very good moment in career. He’s at the top,’ said Mauricio Pochettino. Tottenham’s victory came at a cost, though, with Hugo Lloris taken to hospital on Saturday after suffering a nasty gash to his knee in a collision with team-mate Kyle Walker and Jamie Vardy in the first minute. You could sense the worry in White Hart Lane as the Frenchman received lengthy treatment before being replaced by Michel Vorm. The mood picked up, though, as Spurs took a fifth-minute lead. No prizes for guessing who scored. Eric Dier’s flick from Christian Eriksen’s corner was parried by Leicester goal keeper Kasper Schmeichel and the rebound fell to Kane who tapped home. It was one of the simplest goals he’ll score — not that Kane cared an iota as he wheeled off in celebration. Jeff Schlupp scored an unfortunate own goal after Kasper Schmeichel's save rebounded off his chest and into the net to make it 4-2 . David Nugent reduced the deficit back to one in the 90th minute but Tottenham hung on to claim the three points . Leicester captain Wes Morgan thumps a powerful header past Michel Vorm to draw the visitors level after a Matty James corner . Morgan roars with celebration as he rushes towards the travelling Leicester supporters after equalising for Nigel Pearson's side . Jamie Vardy sucks his thumb in celebration after pulling a goal back for Leicester after 38 minutes at White Hart Lane on Saturday . David Nugent’s audacious attempt to catch Vorm off his line in the 10th minute nearly pulled the visitors level before Kane notched again in the 12th minute after a huge piece of fortune. Walker and Andros Townsend combined brilliantly down the right to fire a low cross into the area. Robert Huth’s attempted clearance fell to Kane, whose first-time strike took a big deflection off the German before bouncing past the luckless Schmeichel. Leicester did not deserve to be on the receiving end of this clinical Kane show after a promising start. It was nearly game over in the 22nd minute as Eriksen struck Schmeichel’s far post before Nacer Chadli wasted the rebound. Pochettino was looking to his bench again six minutes later after Dier was caught by Vardy’s arm. The England Under 21 defender carried on, albeit with a painful lump on his right cheek. But while Dier was showing great heart, the same couldn’t be said of his team-mate Chadli, who was booked for diving after falling in the box under pressure from Wes Morgan in the 36th minute. Two minutes later Leicester worked themselves a deserved lifeline as Nugent sprung through Tottenham’s left-side before providing an inch perfect cross for Vardy, who cooly fired home with an excellent one-touch finish. Vardy slides in to finish past Vorm from close range after a wonderful ball in from David Nugent as Leicester halved the deficit . Kane's deflected shot deceives Kasper Schmeichel and flies into the top corner as Tottenham raced into a two-goal lead after 13 minutes . Kane finds the net fro his 28th goal of the season just two days after he was named in Roy Hodgson's England squad for the first time . Kane gave Spurs an early lead when he tapped home from close range after Schmeichel could only parry Eric Dier's flick . The visitors could easily have pulled themselves level before the break, Nugent and Leonard Ulloa wasting good chances. Pochettino was desperate to get his team into the dressing room, but his half-time talk made no difference as Leicester levelled five minutes after the restart — Morgan ghosting into the area undetected to head home Matty James’ corner. Ten minutes later Leicester should have been ahead when Huth was presented with a golden chance to redeem himself following his role in Spurs’ second goal. Somehow he didn’t take it, sending a free header from another James corner wide. Leicester midfielder Esteban Cambiasso could do nothing to stop Kane's effort from close range finding the back of the net . Kane leads the celebrations after opening the scoring for Mauricio Pochettino's side at White Hart Lane on Saturday . Tottenham were dealt an early blow when Hogo Lloris left the field on a stretcher after a second-minute collision with Kyle Walker . The France goalkeeper looks to be in severe pain as he is seen to by the Tottenham medic following the early clash with the Spurs right back . At the time it seemed a pivotal moment, and so it proved as Spurs were handed a contentious penalty in the 62nd minute. Nugent thought he had time in the box, but Danny Rose had other ideas, nipping in front of the forward. He clumsily collided with the Spurs defender, who fell to the ground. In fairness to Nugent, the defender looked to go down easily but Mike Dean pointed to the spot. Leicester coach Kevin Phillips was soon shaking his head at fourth official Darren Bond after racing down the tunnel to watch a replay. The commotion didn’t concern Kane, though, as England’s newest recruit sent Schmeichel the wrong way to complete his hat-trick. Spurs had their fourth in the 85th minute, the unlucky Jeff Schlupp diverting the ball into his own net after Schmeichel foiled Eriksen. That should had seen Spurs home without fuss but Nugent set up a nervy three minutes after some poor Jan Vertonghen defending, to score Leicester’s third. Walker calls for assistance from the the bench as Lloris clutches his left knee after the pair clashed in the opening two minutes . Lloris rushed out of his goal to close down Leicester forward Vardy as Walker slid into make a challenge, but collided with his keeper . | Hugo Lloris was carried off on a stretcher after a collision with Kyle Walker in the second minute . Harry Kane opened the scoring for the home side in the sixth minute with his 27th goal of the season . The striker, given his first call-up to the England team on Thursday, doubled Spurs' lead after 13 minutes . Jamie Vardy pulled a goal back for Nigel Pearson's side after 38 minutes turning home David Nugent's cross . Captain Wes Morgan drew the visitors level just five minutes after the restart as he met a Matty James corner . Kane completed his hat-trick after 64 minutes as he netted from the penalty spot after Danny Rose was fouled . Jeff Schlupp scored an own goal with five minutes left before Nugent reduce the deficit to one in the 90th minute . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)The death of the founding father of Singapore last Monday is an appropriate occasion to reflect on nation building. As prime minister for its first three decades, Lee Kuan Yew raised a poor port from the bottom rungs of the third world to the first world in a single generation. As it prepares to mark its 50th anniversary as a nation, Singapore is today an ultra-modern metropolis of almost six million people with higher per capita GDP than the United States, according to the World Bank. Lee's achievement in building a successful nation contrasts sharply with the results of Washington's expenditure of over $4 trillion and nearly 7,000 American lives in Iraq and Afghanistan over the past decade. Some say Singapore's story is sui generis: Something that could only happen in that time and place. But its remarkable performance has less to do with miraculous conditions than with Lee's model of disciplined, visionary leadership. Leaders of other aspiring-to-develop nations, and even the U.S., should take pages from Lee Kuan Yew's playbook to address current challenges. We know many of Lee's lessons on the role of government leadership in development because my co-authors and I asked him directly two years ago to reflect on them -- points we captured in our book, Lee Kuan Yew: The Grand Master's Insights on China, the United States, and the World. Five stand out. First, Lee insisted that governance was first and foremost about results. In his words, "the acid test of any legal system is not the greatness or the grandeur of its ideal concepts, but whether, in fact, it is able to produce order and justice." About the core purposes of government, he was crystal clear. In terms America's founding fathers would recognize, he believed that "the ultimate test of the value of a political system is whether it helps that society establish conditions which improve the standard of living for the majority of its people, plus enabling the maximum of personal freedoms compatible with the freedoms of others in society." Second, superior performance requires superior leadership. Lee demanded of leaders both intellectual and moral superiority. Contrary to modern Western democratic theory that emphasizes citizens' participation in governance, his views were closer to Plato's conception of the "guardians," or China's historical Mandarins. Good government requires most of all leaders who put the public good unquestionably above their own personal interests. He was disappointed by many of his counterparts who failed that test. Third, successful societies guarantee strict equality of opportunity for all individuals, but are realistic about the fact that this will yield substantial inequalities in outcomes. For Lee, the essence of a successful society was intense competition on a level playing field that allows each individual to achieve his or her maximum. Few things offended him more than denial of equality of opportunity on the basis of caste (India), class (Europe), race (the U.S. during segregation), sex, or other irrelevant attributes. As he put it, the leader's objective was to "build up a society in which people will be rewarded not according to the amount of property they own, but according to their active contribution to society in physical or mental labor." Fourth, about democracy, particularly Western liberal democracy, Lee had serious reservations. In part, this attitude stemmed from his own experience, but it also reflected a deeper philosophical aversion to ideologies. As he liked to say, "the acid test is performance, not promises. The millions dispossessed in Asia care not and know not of theory. They want a better life. They want a more equal, just society." Lee enjoyed engaging American critics who insisted that without democracy Singapore could not develop an advanced economy. In contrast, he argued that what most countries needed was more "discipline," rather than democracy. He noted that the U.S. had been building democracy and giving aid to the Philippines for over a century. But, he asked, how many people from Singapore sought to leave it for the Philippines? Many people in the Philippines, he noted, wanted to move to Singapore. On one occasion, with a broad smile, he continued, "and you will notice that since the Vietnam War and the Great Society, the U.S. system has not functioned even for the United States." Fifth, which leaders did he most admire? From the recent past, he focused on three: Charles de Gaulle, Deng Xiaoping, and Winston Churchill. "De Gaulle, because he had tremendous guts; Deng, because he changed China from a broken-backed state, which would have imploded like the Soviet Union, into what it is today; and "Churchill, because any other person would have given up." On the current scene, the leader who impressed him most was the new president of China, Xi Jinping. As he said just before Xi took office: "I would put him in Nelson Mandela's class of persons. A person with enormous emotional stability who does not allow his personal misfortunes or sufferings to affect his judgment. In a word, he is impressive." As China's leaders attempt to follow in Lee's footsteps in building a Mandarin-Leninist led nation that overtook the U.S. last year in GDP (measured by PPP) to become the world's largest economy, and democratic India seems poised to grow at rates that will compete with China, we can reflect on lessons from Lee Kuan Yew and place our bets. Governing a nation in which two of every three citizens believe their country is headed in the wrong direction -- and have believed so under Democratic and Republican Presidents for all of the 21st century -- American leaders should ask whether it is time to focus on the acid test of performance rather than the litmus test of ideology. | In Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew had remarkable success in creating a prosperous modern state . His lessons should prove instructive to other leaders in a time of great instability, writes Graham Allison . Lee passed on his insights on the role of government leadership in development to Allison . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Catalans Dragons expect to be without star signing Todd Carney for three to four weeks with a broken rib. The 2010 international player of the year was taken to hospital for X-rays after being hurt during the Dragons' 40-40 draw with Salford in Perpignan on Saturday. It was only Carney's second appearance in Super League after joining the Catalans on a three-year contract. Catalan Dragons' Todd Carney is expected to be out of acton for three to four weeks with a broken rib . Carney was taken to hospital for X-rays after damaging his ribs during match against Salford . Referee Phil Bentham ruled that Salford forward Lama Tasi was committed to the tackle on the Australian stand-off but the incident infuriated Dragons coach Laurent Frayssinous, who insists the Red Devils player should have been punished and expects him to be charged when the Rugby Football League's match-review panel study the incident on Monday. Frayssinous was fiercely critical earlier this season of what he claimed was a failure of referees to protect his playmakers and in particular full back Morgan Escare and expressed his fears that Carney would become a target. 'I said I was worried over the protection of my quality players and it has happened in only his second game,' Frayssinous said. 'I expect Tasi to be charged but I also thought he should have been shown a card.' Frayssinous was also angered by the decision of Bentham to penalise Escare in the closing moments for playing on after being tackled near his own line. That enabled Josh Griffin to draw the match but Frayssinous said his full-back should have been allowed to go back and play the ball and expects his critical post-match comments, in which he accused officials of double standards, to result in a fine. 'I hope that my £500 will help the referee to be better next week,' he said. The result at the Stade Gilbert Brutus set a new record for the highest scoring draw in the 20 years of Super League, beating the 36-36 draw between London Broncos and Leeds at The Stoop in 2004. | Todd Carney is expected to be out of action for three to four weeks . The 28-year-old was taken to hospital for X-rays after sustaining injury . Carney was making second Super League appearance since joining club . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It is almost a full month now since the despised old regime at Rangers was routed in the battle for control of Ibrox. But the influence of ex-chief executive Derek Llambias continues to be felt in the Blue Room as the new board of directors stumble across a series of strategically-placed landmines. One particularly nasty surprise exploded into the public domain on Tuesday as it emerged the price of promotion to the Premiership for Rangers will include an extra £500,000 payable to Mike Ashley. Newcastle owner Mike Ashley will be laughing all the way to the bank if Rangers win promotion . Ashley will receive payment for the loan of five Newcastle players including Haris Vuckic (centre), Gael Bigirimana (left) and Remie Streete . That sizeable sum is in return for Ashley loaning the Ibrox club five of his Newcastle United players; four of whom turned out to be either injured, ill or unfit. Of course, the long-suffering Rangers fans have grown wearily accustomed to their club being treated with contempt while ruthless businessman Ashley lines his pockets. The support have witnessed the Newcastle United owner’s placemen sell the naming rights to their beloved Ibrox for just £1 – albeit Ashley subsequently gave up those rights amid a backlash from the rank and file. They then watched in disbelief as a deal was sanctioned with the billionaire’s Sports Direct firm that sees just 75 pence of every £10 spent on Rangers merchandise going to the club. But Tuesday's revelation in the club’s latest accounts is perhaps the most depressing example of the callous regard in which the outgoing board viewed the Ibrox club. In a scenario that’s being viewed at Rangers as ‘vindictive, it’s believed that Rangers’ own medical staff were overruled by Llambias when they insisted on medicals for the five loan Rangers. Had that happened, Rangers would have found Remie Streete and Shane Ferguson were in no state to play while Kevin Mbabu was patently unfit. Streete duly limped off 45 minutes into his debut after Llambias had ordered caretaker manager Kenny McDowall to start him. Proper testing would also have shown that Gael Bigirimana was ill, with a condition that had already been diagnosed by medics at Newcastle. Vuckic has been the only player loaned from Newcastle that has been a success at Ibrox . 20-year-old defender Streete suffered an injury in his one and only first-team appearance for Rangers . Of the five loan Rangers, midfielder Haris Vuckic has been the sole success - but campaigning Rangers fan Craig Houston says the situation jars when he recalls the sale of star player Lewis Macleod to Brentford in January. ‘That was done on the pretext they were protecting the future of Rangers,’ said Houston of the Sons of Struth supporters group. ‘But I believe they only got £250,000 for Macleod and then they shell out £500,000 for five loan players. ‘Macleod would add more to the team than Vuckic. And I would rather have Lewis at Ibrox on a permanent basis – increasing his value – than all five Newcastle loan players, even if they were all fit.’ New Rangers chairman Paul Murray recently held up the decision by Llambias and his then finance director, the Sports Direct executive Barry Leach, to spend £300,000 on an EGM - when it was clear the old board was finished – as examples of the financial madness that has plagued Rangers since liquidation. And yet another landmine was stumbled upon as it emerged auditors Deloitte had informed the previous board of their intention to resign last June. Defensive midfielder Bigirimana has been ruled out of action for Rangers with a mystery illness . Not only did the previous board fail to announce this, or seek a replacement, they inexplicably included the reappointment of Deloitte on their resolution notice in November for the following month’s AGM. ‘It’s just another example of the deplorable mismanagement at Rangers, or of people burying their heads in the sand,’ said Houston. ‘The resolution was passed in December but Deloittes were long gone as auditors.’ As Rangers revealed losses after tax of £2.89million for the six-month period to 31 December 2014, the accounts reiterated two Emphasis of Matter warnings outlined in full-year accounts signed off by Deloitte relating to the company’s ability to trade as a going concern. But new chairman Paul Murray confirmed Sportsmail’s exclusive that the club is planning a rights issue in the summer to raise funds - believed to be £10m – to sustain the club in the medium and long term. In his statement, Murray said the club would become ‘self-sustaining’ and ‘free from the kind of funding crises that have plagued Rangers in recent years.’ He vowed that, under the new board, the Ibrox club would be back competing at the top level at home and in Europe by 2022 - in time for the 50th anniversary of the club’s 1972 European Cup Winners’ Cup triumph in Barcelona. Stuart McCall is a 'strong candidate' to extend his position as Rangers boss beyond the end of the season . Describing interim boss Stuart McCall as a ‘strong candidate’ for the permanent position, Murray called on fans to back his board by investing in season tickets. He said: ‘The vision is to focus on the next seven years so that by 2022, the club’s 150th anniversary and the 50th anniversary of Barcelona, we, Rangers, will be back at the very top. ‘Over the next few years the finance we are putting in place now will provide the infrastructure and personnel at Murray Park to make sure Rangers are competing and winning in Scotland’s top flight as well as stepping back into the European arenas again. ‘Then for the three or four years after that all our efforts will be directed towards making Rangers stronger and European regulars as our 150th year approaches. That year should be one of celebration. ‘A massive rebuild is required at every level and in every department of this huge club of ours and we cannot and will not shy away from those tasks. ‘After years of mismanagement we need patience and support. We must never forget what has happened to our club in the last four years. The new board will ensure that it never happens again. This is our Club, we have taken ownership of it and with our 2022 vision we will not fail.’ | Mike Ashley will receive £500,000 if Rangers are promoted to Premiership . The fee is payment for the loan of five Newcastle players to the Ibrox club . Remie Streete, Shane Ferguson were and Kevin Mbabu were unfit, Gael Bigirimana was ill and only Haris Vuckic has been a success . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Everton manager Roberto Martinez insists it is no major surprise that English clubs have struggled in Europe this season because of the domestic demands of the Barclays Premier League. The Toffees were the country's last hope on the continent before a 5-2 loss to Dynamo Kiev in Europe on Thursday night meant they followed Chelsea, Arsenal and Manchester City in crashing out at the last 16 stage. It meant that there were no English teams in Friday's draw for either the Champions League or Europa League quarter-finals for the first time since 1995, sparking a countrywide debate about the state of the domestic game. Everton boss Roberto Martinez has highlighted an extensive fixture list behind their Europa League exit . However, Martinez believes it is the competitive nature of the Premier League, coupled with a lack of a winter break, which is hampering clubs when they face fresher, less-tested teams in European competitions. 'I think there are aspects there that make it very, very difficult for an English club to have success in Europe,' the Spaniard said. 'If you look at the top leagues in Europe most of those have got a little break in the winter. I'm not saying that's the difference but it can make a big difference in a squad that is playing domestically two cup competitions, when others are playing one cup competition. Everton's Phil Jagielka, Tim Howard and Leighton Baines look dejected after Dynamo Kiev ran riot . Everton's Ross Barkley and James McCarthy (right) look miserable during the painful defeat on Thursday . 'We need to understand that our league is the best in world football. And when I say the best it's because if you are at 70 per cent in a game, you're going to lose it. That's how competitive it is. It doesn't matter about position in the table and I don't think the other leagues have that. 'The top teams that are normally involved in Europe can cruise through games and that makes it a lot easier to plan a group of fixtures in a two-to-three-week period. That is a big difference and that affects English clubs. 'It's not by coincidence. Some of the clubs in the Champions League have been unfortunate, there have been small margins but those small margins could easily be the demands that you face domestically. It's something that clearly hasn't been working in our favour.' Roberto Martinez and substitute Leon Osman remonstrate with the fourth official Christoph Bornhorst . Martinez's men were ruthlessly eliminated in Kiev by a display of clinical attacking finishing as the hosts exposed their visitors' defensive frailties. But while the manner of their exit was disappointing to Martinez, he took plenty of heart from a campaign which saw them beat Wolfsburg home and away and take four points off Lille in the group stage. 'It's started a real thirst to be in that environment again,' Martinez added. The scoreboard tells its own story as Everton were outclassed by Dynamo Kiev in Ukraine . 'For our younger players, it is the first time they've been in Europe and the way we succeeded in many of those games, going away into different countries and being able to perform has been very important. 'I do feel that the players in the squad, myself, my staff and the football club as a whole will want more of it. It gives you a real desire to push ourselves to become a winning team and have that more often. 'We're all disappointed from the result last night but to reach the quarter-finals of this competition is something we last did 30 years ago, that shows you the size of the achievement.' Dynamo Kiev players celebrate during a rampant display which saw them ease into the quarter-finals . | Everton were dumped out of the Europa League on Thursday evening . Dynamo Kiev defeated Everton 5-2 (6-4 on aggregate) to progress . The Toffees are 14th in the Premier League, six points from the drop zone . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)When Longmont, Colorado, police officer Billy Sawyer responded to a 911 call from a pregnant woman who was stabbed and had her fetus ripped out, he wasn't prepared for what they would see. "She was barely conscious. It was very hard to keep her attention at the moment," Sawyer told CNN's Erin Burnett. " And she was covered in blood. It was one of the most horrific crime scenes I have seen." The officer grabbed a pair of gloves and tried to find where she was injured. Michelle Wilkins was weak and in shock when police arrived. Despite her shock, Wilkins was able to tell Sawyer that she had responded to a Craigslist ad and had been attacked. She didn't know at that moment that she had lost her child, but her ability to communicate the events helped save her own life. "She's an amazing woman to have that will and that drive to survive and do what she did and be able to contact the police and tell us where she was at, where inside of that location she was at, and speak to me as I entered the residence, direct me to her location," Sawyer said. "I mean, she is the only reason why she's alive right now." The grisly cutting of the fetus from Wilkins began when she responded to a Craigslist ad about baby clothes for sale. The 26-year-old Wilkins, who was seven months' pregnant, arrived at the seller's home Wednesday in Longmont. Stabbed in the stomach and bleeding, Wilkins called 911. Another officer, Phil Piotrowski, told CNN affiliate KDVR. that the scene was almost too much to bear. He had to take a moment to collect himself. "When I walked in and looked at her for a short moment, I actually had to walk out for a second because my head wasn't able to wrap around it." Still, given what Wilkins had endured, it left him impressed. "She is probably one of the strongest people I've ever had the pleasure to meet," Piotrowski said. Michelle Wilkins' uncle Chris Wilkins said, "She's alive because professional first responders execute perfectly." But Piotrowski believes Wilkins is the one who "saved her own life." The fetus died, but the mother survived and "is improving minute by minute, hour by hour," according to Chris Wilkins. She's reported to be in critical but stable condition. Dynel Lane, 34, a former nurse aide, is being held on $2 million bail while prosecutors weigh charges against her, including murder. Lane is accused of stabbing Wilkins and removing a female fetus. The murder charge would reportedly depend on whether the fetus was old enough to have lived outside of her mother's body. In a statement obtained by KDVR, Michelle Wilkins' family says, "We cannot begin to fathom the depths of depravity and evil which drove her attacker, and trust that between law enforcement and our legal system; they will make sure justice is carried out." CNN's John Fricke contributed to this report. | Officers responding to 911 call found Michelle Wilkins covered in blood . Wilkins was stabbed and had fetus torn out after she answered a Craigslist ad . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | UEFA imposed the minimum one-match Champions League ban on Zlatan Ibrahimovic for his red card against Chelsea. However, Ibrahimovic's Paris Saint-Germain teammate Serge Aurier gets a three-match ban for insulting the referee on social media. UEFA says its disciplinary panel decided Ibrahimovic should miss only the first leg of the quarter-finals for a tackle on Chelsea midfielder Oscar last week. Zlatan Ibrahimovic (second right) is shown the red card by referee Bjorn Kuipers (centre) Ibrahimovic (centre) makes a challenge on Oscar (left) and is sent off during the Champions League clash . Ibrahimovic (left) immediately raised his hands to protest his innocence after the tackle on Oscar . Ibrahimovic protests his innocence as Oscar begins to writhe on the floor following the tackle . Aurier, who was injured and missed the last-16, second-leg match in London, later posted a celebratory and offensive video on Facebook. The Ivory Coast defender's comments about Netherlands referee Bjorn Kuipers in a video posted on Facebook were judged an 'insulting act' by UEFA. PSG will learn its quarterfinals opponent when the draw is made Friday. Serge Aurier apologised for his comments after the game but has been hit with a three-match ban . Aurier was the subject of UEFA disciplinary action after posting the video on social media . Ibrahimovic is shown the red card by the referee, under pressure from nine Chelsea players surrounding him . Ibrahimovic trudges down the tunnel after he had been sent off during the first half at Stamford Bridge . | Zlatan Ibrahimovic's dismissal wouldn't be appealed by PSG . The striker was sent off for a foul on Oscar during the first half . Serge Aurier has been handed a three-match ban by UEFA . The defender posted an insulting video about the referee online . PSG knocked Chelsea out of the Champions League last-16 on away goals . Jamie Carragher: Chelsea players are a 'disgrace' for influencing referee . READ: Ibrahimovic brands Chelsea 'babies' as Blues are dumped out . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Wary: The Vatican's head of security, Domenico Giani (pictured) has revealed that the threat to the Pope from Isis is 'real' The Vatican is on alert in case of . an attack by Islamist militants against the city-state or Pope . Francis, but officials are not aware of any specific plot, the . head of Vatican security said in a rare interview. 'The threat exists. This is what has emerged from . conversations with Italian and foreign colleagues,' Domenico . Giani told an Italian police magazine when asked if threats from Islamic State militants were . credible. '(But) at the moment I can say that we are not aware of any . plan to attack the Vatican or the Holy Father,' he added in the . interview, published on the magazine's website on Monday. Giani has a force of some 130 agents protecting most of the Vatican and the Pope, with the help of the more ceremonial Swiss Guard. The Italian police guard the exterior, as well as St. Peter's Square. Twenty of his agents, Giani explained, have specialist anti-terror training and guard the Pope when he's abroad. He told Polizia Moderna: 'Twenty Vatican bodyguards have received special training that makes them suitable also ready to use in anti-terrorist actions. Some of them accompany the Pope during his international travels.' The security operation at the Vatican is aided by a command and control centre that Giani says has a 'high level' of technology, along with thousands of surveillance cameras. The Vatican is on alert in case of an attack by Islamist militants against the city-state or Pope Francis, but officials are not aware of any specific plot, Giani said in a rare interview . Islamic State militants have made threats against Catholic . targets in Rome that have been given much space in Italian . media. Last month, in a video showing the beheading of 21 Egyptian . Coptic Christians in Libya, one of the killers said: 'Safety for . you crusaders is something you can only wish for ... We will . conquer Rome, by the will of Allah.' A website used by militants ran a photo montage showing the . movement's black flag flying from the obelisk at the centre of . St. Peter's Square. Giani said the alert level was 'constantly high' in and . around the tiny city-state, which sits inside Rome. The Swiss Guard are largely ceremonial, but do offer another layer of security at the Vatican . The threat from 'lone wolf' operators are considered by his security team as particularly dangerous because they're 'unpredictable'. They are also aware that some people may try and carry out an act of violence at the Vatican because it would guarantee them maximum media coverage. What makes their job more challenging is that the Holy Father is not willing to abandon speaking to his followers directly during visits. Giani said: 'The Holy Father is not abandoning the style of his pontificate... he does not want to lose touch with his flock. Therefore, we... have to adjust to him, and not vice versa.' Many Islamic countries ensure that there is a flow of intelligence directed at the Vatican - and have a great deal of respect for the Pope. Giani said: 'Many Islamic countries not only give me valuable information, but also esteem and admiration for the Holy Father.' Last month, in the wake of killings by Islamist militants in . Paris and Copenhagen, 4,800 soldiers were placed on the streets . throughout Italy. Francis has several times condemned attacks by Islamic . militants. On Sunday, he called for an end to their 'intolerable . brutality'. | Domenico Giani, head of Vatican security, has given a rare interview . He revealed that he has a 130-strong team of agents guarding the Pope . Of those, 20 have specialist anti-terror training and guard the Pope abroad . |
What is Augusta National Golf Club? | Augusta National Golf Club was founded by Bobby Jones and Clifford Roberts, the course was designed by Jones and Alister MacKenzie and opened for play in 1932. Since 1934, the club has played host to the annual Masters Tournament, one of the four men's major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course. It was the top-ranked course in Golf Digest's 2009 list of America's 100 greatest courses and was the number ten-ranked course based on course architecture on Golfweek Magazine's 2011 list of best classic courses in the United States | Augusta National Golf Club, sometimes referred to as Augusta is a private Golf Club in Augusta Georgia that was opened in 1932. Augusta is famously known for hosting the Masters Tournament which is one of the four men's major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The last thing a Chinese man was looking for when he was out digging was a Marvel superhero. But that's exactly what Pan Yi found when he unearthed a kudzu vine tuber which looks uncannily like Groot from the Guardians of the Galaxy film. He was out digging with a friend deep in the mountains in Shiyan in central China's Hubei Province. A woman poses with the kudzu vine tuber which looks uncannily like Marvel character Groot (right) The tuber was dug up in Shiyan in Hubei Province in central China by Pan Yi while he was out with a friend . Kudzu's root, flower, and leaf have been used in traditional Chinese medicine since at least 200 BC. Groot (right) originally appeared as an invader of earth was reintroduced as a heroic, noble being in 2006 . The tree-like humanoid was originally a Marvel comic book character before the 2014 film and first appeared in graphic novels in 1960. Groot originally appeared as an invader that intended to capture humans for experimentation but was reintroduced as a heroic, noble being in 2006. The character certainly never appeared out of the ground in rural China. The unusually-shaped kudzu caused quite a stir and plenty of people were keen to pose with it. The large tuber is practically the same size as Pan Yi himself, who was interviewed about his unusual find. Kudzu's root, flower, and leaf have been used in traditional Chinese medicine since at least 200 BC. Today, kudzu is used to treat alcoholism and to reduce symptoms of a hangover. It is also used for heart and circulatory problems, upper respiratory problems and skin problems. Tree-like humanoid was originally a Marvel comic book character before the 2014 film and first appeared in graphic novels in 1960 . A young boy and Pan Yi himself (right) pose with the human-like tuber. Kudzu is used to treat alcoholism . | Pan Yi went digging with a friend in the mountains in Shiyan, Hubei, China . Unearthed tuber which looks just like character from 2014 Marvel film . Tree-like humanoid first appeared as earth invader in comics in 1960 . Plenty wanted to pose with root, which is the same size as Pan Yi himself . Plant's root, flower, and leaf used in Chinese medicine since at least 200BC . |
Please give me a short description of each of the three categories of performance that Bharatanatyam follows. | The repertoire of Bharatanatyam, like all major classical Indian dance forms, follows the three categories of performance in the Natya Shastra. These are Nritta (Nirutham), Nritya (Niruthiyam) and Natya (Natyam).
The Nritta performance is abstract, fast and rhythmic aspect of the dance. The viewer is presented with pure movement in Bharatanatyam, wherein the emphasis is the beauty in motion, form, speed, range and pattern. This part of the repertoire has no interpretative aspect, no telling of story. It is a technical performance, and aims to engage the senses (prakriti) of the audience.
The Nritya is slower and expressive aspect of the dance that attempts to communicate feelings, storyline particularly with spiritual themes in Hindu dance traditions. In a nritya, the dance-acting expands to include silent expression of words through gestures and body motion set to musical notes. The actor articulates a legend or a spiritual message. This part of a Bharatanatyam repertoire is more than sensory enjoyment, it aims to engage the emotions and mind of the viewer.
The Natyam is a play, typically a team performance, but can be acted out by a solo performer where the dancer uses certain standardized body movements to indicate a new character in the underlying story. A Natya incorporates the elements of a Nritya. | 1. Nritta: This is the pure movement aspect of the dance of Bharatanatyam. The dancer showcases movements in varying form, speed, range and levels.
2. Nritya: This is the expressive aspect of the dance, wherein the dancer tells a story, usually of a spiritual theme of Hindu tradition, through both facial expressions and movements.
3. Natyam: This is the theatrical aspect of the dance, where the dancer incorporates the elements of Nritya, to enact different characters of a play. This can be performed either solo or as a team. |
Is the Ironbottom Sound a boardgame | Ironbottom Sound, subtitled "The Guadalcanal Campaign", is a naval board wargame published by Quarterdeck Games in 1981 that simulates the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal during World War II. Four editions have been released by various publishers over forty years. | Ironbottom Sound, subtitled The Guadalcanal Campaign, is a naval board wargame published by Quarterdeck Games in 1981 that simulates the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal during World War II. Four editions have been released by various publishers over forty years. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)So now we know. The Germanwings aircraft that crashed earlier this week was deliberately brought down by a co-pilot who had managed to lock himself in the cockpit as he set the plane on a course for destruction, according to officials. We all wish it weren't so, and the investigation, instead of looking at possible deficiencies of the plane, will now look to the co-pilot, who -- by all accounts -- showed no signs that this would be his horrific legacy. The irony would be rich, if it weren't so tragic. The locked door, the very mechanism put into place to protect the cockpit from unruly or dangerous passengers -- made more secure in response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks -- was used against a pilot who, for reasons still unknown, left the cockpit. It may be too early to draw conclusive lessons from what has happened, but as this unfolds and before we begin constructing a narrative about the pilot that may be filled with rumors, innuendo and half-truths, there are structural issues to address immediately. First, we have seen that there is a real risk of pilots bringing down planes. We have built no back-up plans into the secure cockpit programs. It might be necessary to devise secure and classified entry access passwords or electronic keys that are available only to both pilots or a pilot and the lead flight attendant. No system of security should rely on a single point of entry and while the post-9/11 security planning made sense then, it may have outlived the threat now. Second, regardless of pilots' backgrounds and ideologies, airlines as sophisticated as Lufthansa may need to implement more than voluntary stress-relief assessments. The zeitgeist of pilots is very similar to the military: tough, strong, with psychological challenges viewed as "sissy." Perhaps airlines will need to guarantee that pilots who seek counseling will not be unjustly punished. And instead of sitting back and waiting for someone to approach counselors, regular and consistent check-ins might be necessary. Finally, the "t" word. Before the news today, the Obama administration quickly rejected a notion that this was terrorism. And that may still be accurate. But as someone who has been a part of counterterrorism efforts, I am impressed with the French prosecutor's honesty in a search for the right words. This is obviously terrorism in the general sense to elicit fear in a general population, but whether it was done for some political or ideological reason (in the absence of any group taking credit, it does not fit the model of most major airline terror attacks) we still do not know. And it isn't as if there is a national response that we can expect from Germany, such as going to war. Still, it clearly isn't just suicide. This is different. If there is some nefarious ideological motivation, this may be one of a few incidents where a "loner" is able to create massive, simultaneous deaths. Most lone wolf terror is almost always of low consequence. It may be that we are in an era when we don't have the right words to describe the threats we face from loners with the capacity for mass casualties. As Lufthansa CEO Carsten Spohr said, "If a person kills himself and also 149 other people, another word should be used -- not suicide." And that honest assessment is what we heard today. | Juliette Kayyem: Now we know co-pilot brought down Germanwings plane; this shows need for structural changes to post 9-11 security . She says airlines must devise new ways to allow secure access to cockpits; better evaluate mindset of pilots; rethink what is "terror" |
What breed is most likely to win a dog show | Through the 134th Westminster Show (February 2010), Best in Show has been won by the Terrier group 45 out of the 103 times that the prize has been awarded since 1907, more than twice as many wins as any other group. The single breed that has won the most is the Wire Fox Terrier, which has won 15 times. Two of the most popular dog breeds in the United States—the Labrador Retriever and Golden Retriever—have never won Best in Show. The dogs are marked for Best in Breed and then proceed to compete in Best in Group, and finally in the grand prize competition of Best in Show | The Wire Fox Terrier is to date, the winningest breed at the Westminster Show with 15 total wins. Terriers in general have won over 40% of the Best in Show competitions across the long history of the show. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jamaican Olympic sprint champion Usain Bolt cruised to victory in his first individual race of the season, clocking 46.37 seconds over 400 metres at the GC Foster Classic in Kingston on Saturday. Bolt, the world record holder at 100 and 200 metres, used the race as part of his build-up for the upcoming season, where he plans to defend his sprint titles at the IAAF world championships in Beijing in August. 'Give thanks for an injury free 400m run,' Bolt, who was slowed by injuries last year, said on his Twitter account. Usain Bolt is looking forward to an injury free season after winning his first race of the year comfortably . Bolt has been training at his base in Jamaica ahead of what will be an important season for him . The six-time Olympic gold medallist came off the final curve comfortably ahead of the field and his time was slightly faster than his last effort at the distance, 46.44 seconds in 2013, but more than a second slower than his personal best of 45.28 in 2007. In his only other race of the year, Bolt's Racers Lions 4x100 metres relay team wound up second in the Gibson McCook Relays on February 28. Bolt is currenlty the double world and Olympic champion, and will defend that world title this year . | Usain Bolt saw off the field in GC Foster Classic in Kingston, Jamaica . Bolt ran 400 metres in a time of 46.37 seconds in season opener . It is not his fastest time over the distance, but his best for over two years . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Crystal Palace manager Alan Pardew is promising an exciting summer of recruitment at Selhurst Park after the club effectively guaranteed their Premier League survival with a comeback victory at Stoke City. Palace are now 11 points clear of the drop zone and Pardew can think about building for next season, buoyed by the new Sky Sports TV deal and a possible takeover from American businessman Josh Harris. Recruitment is now uppermost in Pardew’s mind and he revealed: ‘We are getting calls regarding players from Inter Milan and Benfica because they are our market now. Alan Pardew's Crystal Palace came from behind to beat Stoke 2-1 at the Britannia Stadium . Pardew (left) congratulates wing wizard Yannick Bolasie at full-time after Palace's impressive victory . Wilfried Zaha has scored in his last two games against QPR and Stoke, the first time he’s netted consecutively since October 2012 in his first spell with Palace . ‘Palace now come into the same group as everybody below the likes of Everton, Tottenham and Liverpool, and the most important thing is to try to trade well. ‘It’s important to preserve your Premier League status early. If you leave it late, it is very difficult to get players. You don’t want other teams putting packages together and working on players before you can. ‘We are pretty secure in approaching clubs and players now as a Premier League side for next season and that’s what we will do. We have the finance to do what we say we are going to do. So it does give us a slight advantage.’ One player who will remain is reborn winger Wilfried Zaha who scored the winner at The Britannia for his first back-to-back goals since 2012. In February, Wilfried Zaha (right) was sad, but according to Alan Pardew he is now playing with a smile . Zaha signed for Manchester United after Palace's promotion, but his career nosedived at Old Trafford . Zaha’s career nosedived after a £15million move to Manchester United went sour and he has gone from being capped by England to not even making the Under 21 squad. He was ordered to smile more and sulk less by Pardew last week and celebrated his goal at Stoke by playfully sticking out his tongue. ‘He looked a sad player when I arrived (from Newcastle in January),’ said Pardew. ‘You are never going to play your best football when you're sad and sometimes good management is not about tactics but inspiring players. He was down in the dumps for whatever reason. ‘Young players need that exuberance, particularly with the way he plays. And smiling and being happy is part of that exuberance.’ Nonetheless, 22-year-old Zaha doesn’t plan on transforming himself into a cartoon clown. ‘I do smile when I need to!,’ he stressed. Crystal Palace players celebrate with Glenn Murray after he scored a penalty to draw Palace level . Stoke manager Mark Hughes was distraught with two key decisions by referee Andre Marriner . ‘When it is time to be serious, I’m serious. When it is time to play around I will play around. ‘We’ve got the points we’ve needed to now so we can play without pressure and enjoy the rest of the season.’ There wasn’t much hilarity from beaten Stoke manager Mark Hughes who felt his side were robbed by two key decisions from referee Andre Marriner after taking a 14th-minute lead from Mame Diouf. Hughes has joined West Brom manager Tony Pulis in saying technology should be brought in immediately to stop the wrong decisions being made. The Stoke boss was furious that Mr Marriner awarded Palace a penalty when Asmir Begovic and Yannick Bolasie collided and Glenn Murray levelled from the spot. And after Zaha had put Palace ahead, the official waved away a strong appeal for handball against Palace defender Joel Ward. Hughes believes that Palace defender Joel Ward (right) was guilty of handball in the penalty area . Hughes slammed the standard of refereeing in the Premier League this season . Hughes said: ‘It was clear to everybody that he has thrown his body, his arms to stop the ball going goalwards. It was a shot on target, he was not close to the ball, he was about five yards away so it was a clear penalty. ‘I don’t think the standard of refereeing this year has been as good as it needs to be. They need a little bit of help and I’m an advocate of TV replays. ‘I think it is quite simple. If a big decision is made, he needs to ask the question: is there any reason why I should not give a penalty, or why I should not give a goal. Within 10 or 15 seconds they can give the referee an answer and there will be more correct decisions. They need to be given that option because at the moment they need a lot more help. ‘I think we have reached a tipping point. Before there were debates one way or the other but now I think it needs to come in.’ | Crystal Palace came from a goal behind to beat Stoke 2-1 on Saturday . Palace are now 11 points clear of the drop zone in the Premier League . Alan Pardew says they are getting calls regarding players from Inter Milan and Benfica because 'they are our market now' The Palace boss says Wilfried Zaha was down in the dumps when he arrived but is now playing with a smile on his face . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Chelsea's Lewis Baker has spoken of his pride at captaining England's under 20 side and believes he is only just setting out on his journey with the Three Lions. The 19-year-old, who is currently out on loan at League One side MK Dons, featured for England in their 1-1 draw with Mexico at Barnet on Wednesday night. Aidy Boothroyd's team won the penalty shoot-out 4-2 after Arsenal striker Chuba Akpom won and then scored a penalty in normal time to cancel out Jose Ramirez's opener. Lewis Baker in action for England's under 20s in their international with Mexico on Wednesday night . The midfielder was appointed captain by Aidy Boothroyd at the beginning of the season . On the responsibility of being captain, Baker told Sportsmail: 'It's a great honour for me. Aidy chose me to be captain at the start of the campaign and that was a massive lift for me personally. 'But everyone in the team, we're all captains on the pitch in the game and we showed today that we can be a team and stick together through the bad times. 'I try to lead by example in what I do on the ball and off the ball. Everyone's aim to get to the under 21s and the seniors. 'All we can do is keep working hard, keeping doing what we can do and give your best.' Although England looked the more likely to score after Mexico goalkeeper Raul Gudino was sent off for fouling Akpom for the penalty, they had been second best for much of the friendly at The Hive. As they look towards the Toulon Tournament at the end of the season, Baker believes there is some room for improvement, starting with Sunday's friendly with the United States at Plymouth. Baker celebrates scoring for Chelsea in last season's Under 21 Premier League final with Manchester United . England under 20s coach Aidy Boothroyd smiles during Wednesday night's match at The Hive . England's under 20s are in action again on Sunday when they play the United States at Home Park in Plymouth. Ticket information can be found here. 'We didn't perform today at the level we have performed at in previous games,' he admitted. 'They were a good side; I thought first-half they had the upper hand and could have scored a few goals but we kept persevering, stayed in the game, had a little talk at half-time on how to get better and we got the result.' Akpom, who has been on the fringes of Arsene Wenger's first team all season, took his England under 20s tally to four when he drilled home his 78th minute penalty. And Baker appreciates his game-changing qualities: 'When Chuba goes through on goal, everyone gets out of their seat because they know Chuba is a great goalscorer. He's done well today, getting the penalty and he scored in the shoot-out as well.' Chuba Akpom of England scores their equaliser from the penalty spot for England Under 20s . England players celebrate during the penalty shoot-out against Mexico on Wednesday night . On a personal level, Baker has scored two goals in five appearances for the Dons since arriving from Stamford Bridge and is set to play a pivotal role as Karl Robinson's men push for promotion. He said: 'I've been playing under 21 at Chelsea for a while now and so the next step was to go on loan and at MK Dons now I'm under great care with the manager and the players. 'With the talent we have got at MK Dons there's no reason why we can't get into the play-offs or even gain automatic promotion.' | Baker captained England under 20s in 1-1 draw with Mexico . Aidy Boothroyd's team won 4-2 in penalty shoot-out at Barnet . Chelsea midfielder Baker says it's a 'great honour' to lead the team . 19-year-old is currently on loan at MK Dons in League One . CLICK HERE for the latest Chelsea news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Gordon Strachan would like the Scotland fans to buy into his patient approach to their European Championship qualifier against Gibraltar - but he knows that is unlikely to happen. The Scotland boss recognises the Tartan Army will turn up expecting plenty of goals - and quickly - against UEFA's newest members. However, Strachan has confidence that his players will cope with those expectations and produce a mature display against the team from the British Overseas Territory. Scotland squad are put through their paces ahead of their upcoming Euro Qualifier against Gibraltar . Scotland's Barry Bannan (left) speaks with James Morrison prior to their training session . Gordon Strachan arrives at Scotland's press conference at Hampden Park ahead of the match . All week he has drilled into his players the need to probe for openings rather than rush balls forward too soon - and he is optimistic the practice will pay off. Speaking just before taking his players for a training session at a wet and windy Hampden, Strachan said: 'We don't want to be panicking and rush into things. We will look forward and try to play forward at every occasion, but that can't happen all the time. 'There are areas where we will have space to go and attack, there are areas where it might be harder. We will have to be patient to get the areas where we think we can work at being successful.'When asked whether he had a message for supporters to replicate that patience, the former Celtic boss said: 'That would be handy if they could. 'But fans come along to lose their inhibitions, shout and scream. They want to see goals. 'If the weather was scorching hot, they would maybe be more patient but I don't think it's going to be like that. I think the fans will be wanting something to warm them up right away. 'But we can't be sucked into trying to score a goal with the first touch of the ball. We have done a lot of work and you might at times think we are not going anywhere, but we have to be patient and try to find the weaknesses.' Scott Brown (centre) focused in training in front of Darren Fletcher (left) and Gordon Greer (right) Brown leads the Scotland squad in training on the pitch at Hampden Park on Saturday . Scotland's Steven Fletcher (front) gears up ahead of his side's clash against Gibraltar . Strachan has his own cautionary tale from May 1991 when Scotland laboured away to international newcomers San Marino in a European qualifier before the then Leeds midfielder broke the deadlock from the spot in the 63rd minute, on their way to a 2-0 win. 'It wasn't an easy ride, that's for sure,' Strachan said. 'I have taken a lot of penalties in big games but that one was really pressurised because I didn't want to be remembered as the guy that missed a penalty against San Marino. 'We had some good players playing in that team and it took a corner-kick and a penalty.' Strachan's side have made a positive start to the group with a draw in Poland and victory over the Republic of Ireland putting them in a decent position, although their two main rivals for second spot - assuming Germany will win Group D - previously stole a march by taking points off the world champions. Strachan believes Gibraltar, who pick their team from a population of about 30,000, are a more difficult challenge than when they began their competitive international campaign. Scotland's Johnny Russell (left) and Shaun Maloney are put through their paces at training . Scotland players warm up on the Hampden Park pitch ahead of the game with Gibraltar on Sunday . Brown leads the players as they get accustomed to the turf at the Glasgow stadium . They conceded seven goals against both Poland and the Irish but then the same amount combined in games against Georgia and Germany. They have already secured their first friendly win, against Malta, and also drew in Estonia last year. Strachan said: 'In the first couple of games of the championship, the excitement was so great, but you could see in the Germany game there was a bit of reality about it. The world champions only scored four goals. 'Four goals is definitely enough to win a game of football, that's for sure, but that's the improvement we have seen from the first couple of games. You get over that initial excitement of just being there and then you want to be hard to beat, and I think that's the stage Gibraltar will be at.' Hull's Allan McGregor was not present at training, although Strachan said earlier that he could pick any one of his three goalkeepers and 'not lose any sleep'. | Scotland face Gibraltar in European Championship qualifier on Sunday . Gordon Strachan aware that Scotland fans will turn up expecting goals . Boss explains that his side will be patient against their group minnows . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roberto Martinez insists he does not take the backing of Everton chairman Bill Kenwright for granted as he vowed to arrest the club’s worrying domestic form. Everton may have been impressive in Europe this season but results in the Barclays Premier League have been poor and a sequence of one win in 11 matches has seen them slide to the fringes of the relegation zone. The patience of some supporters has been stretched by those results but Kenwright is not a man who makes knee-jerk decisions and Martinez recognises how crucial that is, given that other chairman might not have been so tolerant. Everton manager Roberto Martinez insists he does not take Toffees chairman Bill Kenwright for granted . Kenwright and Martinez are all smiles on the day the Spaniard was appointed Everton manager in June 2013 . ‘Remember when you make a decision in becoming a manager of a football club you take that into consideration,’ said Martinez, whose side face Stoke on Wednesday night. 'I was always very aware of the support that I would get from the chairman. Bill Kenwright is a mad Evertonian who became a chairman. ‘It’s not the other way round. He’s not a chairman that gets to know the football club. I can feel that relationship. I had his support when we were flying in the league, when we were flying in Europe and I’ve got his support when we haven’t been able to get the wins we wanted in the league. ‘He is always supportive and hands on in terms of helping and that’s where a manager can be at his best – when he feels the support of his chairman. We always look forward. It is just support and pain – because when you don’t win and you are a proper Evertonian we all feel pain.’ Romelu Lukaku reacts after missing a chance during Everton's 2-0 defeat to Arsenal on Sunday . This might be the most scrutiny Martinez has faced in his career but he maintains the pressure is not comparable to the game he played in for Swansea in 2003 when their professional status was on the line. ‘It doesn’t get any worse than that because if you lose your status people lose their jobs around the club,’ said Martinez. ‘We were 2-1 down with two mistakes and that is a pressure situation when you have 50 minutes on the pitch to get it right as a player. ‘Those moments help me because I can see the seriousness of a situation and it is a serious position we are in, but I look at our squad and believe me it is a lot easier to win games with this squad. I am very confident we will improve.’ | Everton have struggled for form in the Premier League this season . Toffees boss Roberto Martinez has vowed to arrest the club's poor form . Merseysiders travel to the Britannia Stadium to face Stoke on Tuesday . |
Given a reference text about Uber, tell me when the old CEO was replaced. | In 2009, Garrett Camp, a co-founder of StumbleUpon, came up with the idea to create Uber to make it easier and cheaper to procure direct transportation. Camp and Travis Kalanick had spent $800 hiring a private driver on New Year's Eve, which they deemed excessive, and Camp was also inspired by his difficulty in finding a taxi on a snowy night in Paris. The prototype of the mobile app was built by Camp and his friends, Oscar Salazar and Conrad Whelan, with Kalanick as the "mega advisor" to the company.
In February 2010, Ryan Graves became the first Uber employee; he was named chief executive officer (CEO) in May 2010. In December 2010, Kalanick succeeded Graves as CEO and Graves became the chief operating officer.
Following a beta launch in May 2010, Uber's services and mobile app launched publicly in San Francisco in 2011. Originally, the application only allowed users to hail a black luxury car and the price was approximately 1.5 times that of a taxi. In 2011, the company changed its name from UberCab to Uber after complaints from San Francisco taxicab operators.
The company's early hires included a nuclear physicist, a computational neuroscientist, and a machinery expert who worked on predicting arrival times for Uber's cars more accurately than Google APIs. In April 2012, Uber launched a service in Chicago, whereby users were able to request a regular taxi or an Uber driver via its mobile app.
In July 2012, the company introduced UberX, a cheaper option that allowed drivers to use non-luxury vehicles, including their personal vehicles, subject to a background check, insurance, registration, and vehicle standards. By December 2013, the service was operating in 65 cities.
In December 2013, USA Today named Uber its tech company of the year.
In August 2014, Uber launched a shared transport service in the San Francisco Bay Area and launched Uber Eats, a food delivery service.
Uber logo used from February 2016 until September 2018
In August 2016, facing tough competition, Uber sold its operations in China to DiDi in exchange for an 18% stake in DiDi. DiDi agreed to invest $1 billion in Uber. Uber had started operations in China in 2014, under the name 优步 (Yōubù).
In 2016, Uber acquired Ottomotto, a self-driving truck company founded by Anthony Levandowski, for $625 million. Levandowski, previously employed by Waymo, allegedly founded Ottomotto using trade secrets he stole from Waymo. Uber settled a lawsuit regarding the use of such intellectual property and reached a deal to use Waymo's technology for its freight transport operations.
In December 2016, Uber acquired Geometric Intelligence. Geometric Intelligence's 15 person staff formed the initial core of "Uber AI", a division for researching AI technologies and machine learning. Uber AI created multiple open source projects, such as Pyro, Ludwig, and Plato. Uber AI also developed new AI techniques and algorithms, such as the POET algorithm and a sequence of papers on neuroevolution. Uber AI was shut down in May 2020.
In August 2017, Dara Khosrowshahi, the former CEO of Expedia Group, replaced Kalanick as CEO.
In February 2018, Uber combined its operations in Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia and Kazakhstan with those of Yandex.Taxi and invested $225 million in the venture. In March 2018, Uber merged its services in Southeast Asia with those of Grab in exchange for a 27.5% ownership stake in Grab.
Between May 2018 and November 2018, Uber offered Uber Rent powered by Getaround, a peer-to-peer carsharing service available to some users in San Francisco.
In November 2018, Uber became a gold member of the Linux Foundation.
On May 10, 2019, Uber became a public company via an initial public offering.
In the summer of 2019, Uber announced layoffs of 8% of its staff and eliminated the position of COO Barney Harford.
In October 2019, in partnership with HeliFlight, Uber offered 8-minute helicopter flights between Manhattan and John F. Kennedy International Airport for $200-$225 per passenger.
Between October 2019 and May 2020, Uber offered Uber Works, a mobile app connecting workers who wanted temporary jobs with businesses in Chicago and Miami.
In January 2020, Uber acquired Careem for $3.1 billion and sold its Indian Uber Eats operations to Zomato.
Also in January 2020, Uber tested a feature that enabled drivers at the Santa Barbara, Sacramento, and Palm Springs airports to set fares based on a multiple of Uber's rates.
In May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Uber announced layoffs of over 14% of its workforce.
In June 2020, in its first software as a service partnership, Uber announced that it would manage the on-demand high-occupancy vehicle fleet for Marin Transit, a public bus agency in Marin County, California.
In July 2020, Uber, in partnership with its majority-owned Cornershop, launched Uber grocery delivery service in Latin America, Canada, Miami, and Dallas.
In September 2020, Uber committed to carbon neutrality globally by 2040, and required that, by 2030, in most countries, rides must be offered exclusively in electric vehicles.
In December 2020, Uber acquired Postmates for $2.65 billion.
Also in December 2020, Uber sold its Elevate division, which was developing short flights using VTOL aircraft, to Joby Aviation.
In January 2021, Uber ATG/Advanced Technologies Group, a joint venture minority-owned by SoftBank Vision Fund, Toyota, and Denso that was developing self-driving cars, was sold to Aurora Innovation for $4 billion in equity and Uber invested $400 million into Aurora.
In March 2021, the company moved to a new headquarters on Third Street in Mission Bay, San Francisco, consisting of several 6- and 11-story buildings connected by bridges and walkways.
In October 2021, Uber acquired Drizly, an alcohol delivery service, for $1.1 billion in cash and stock.
On January 20, 2022, Uber acquired Australian car-sharing company Car Next Door.
In May 2022, Uber began operations in Italy, forming a partnership with IT Taxi, Italy's largest taxi dispatcher, to integrate the dispatcher's drivers with the Uber platform. Uber had previously done similar deals in Spain, Germany, Austria, Turkey, South Korea, Hong Kong, and New York.
On September 15, 2022, Uber discovered a security breach of its internal network by a hacker that utilized social engineering to obtain an employee's credentials and gain access to the company's VPN and intranet. The company said that no sensitive data had been compromised | In August 2017, Dara Khosrowshahi replaced Travis Kalanick as the CEO of Uber. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Blackpool supporters are planning to protest against the Championship club's owners, the Oyston family, by going to watch North West Counties Premier Division club AFC Blackpool instead. Fan group Tangerine Knights are to stage a protest at Bloomfield Road ahead of Blackpool's match with Leeds on Saturday before going see the non-League side face Bootle afterwards in a game that has been delayed by 15 minutes to accommodate the added spectators. Supporters beamed messages criticising the Oystons on the stadium's West Stand on Tuesday night ahead of their 3-0 defeat by Charlton Athletic in front of a depleted crowd at home. Blackpool supporters beamed messages on the West Stand of Bloomfield Road before Tuesday night's game . Fans displayed the messages on Bloomfield Road ahead of their 3-0 defeat by Charlton Athletic . Blackpool are all but guaranteed to be relegated from the Championship as they sit 18 points from safety with eight games remaining, and they have not won since January 31. AFC Blackpool play in the ninth tier of the English football pyramid and their ground has a 1,500 capacity, some 16,000 less than their Championship counterparts. Yet the Seasiders have been running on empty, and fans have been staying away from Bloomfield Road. Tangerine Knights spokesperson Stephen Smith told BBC Radio Lancashire: 'It is a joint protest - it is not just to do with the football club this week. 'It's a joint venture with Leeds fans, against not only Karl Oyston being a regional representative on the Football League board, but it's against the Football League as well and the various things they have done over the past couple of years.' Blackpool supporters are planning to protest against the Championship club's owners, the Oyston family . Fan group Tangerine Knights are to stage a protest at Bloomfield Road ahead of Blackpool vs Leeds United . Blackpool chairman Karl Oyston pictured in the stands in August 2010 during a then-Premier League match . | Blackpool sit bottom of the Championship and are 18 points from safety . The Seasiders are all but guaranteed relegation to League One . Blackpool fans plan to protest outside of Bloomfield Road on Saturday . They will then go watch non-League side AFC Blackpool instead . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jon Stead was looking forward to a pre-season trip to the Algarve when he noticed his passport on the bench beneath his peg in the Huddersfield Town dressing-room. Strange. He had only just handed it in. It was then that he scanned – and rescanned - the squad list for the warm-weather getaway. Stead was grounded. ‘I didn’t know what I’d done wrong, the manager (Mark Robins) never said a word to me,’ the 31-year-old tells Sportsmail as he reflects on the shock of his summer exile. Jon Stead (front) celebrates Bradford's famous comeback win against Chelsea in the FA Cup fourth round . The Huddersfield loanee converts the Bantams' second goal against Sunderland in the fifth round . ‘I thought, “What sort of season am I going to have here?”. It was a surprise because I felt good, but I certainly knew where I stood when I saw my passport. ‘They left me behind and went to Portugal. I was getting changed in the senior dressing-room by myself every day, it was soul-destroying.’ Eight months on, however, and it is Stead who is flying. On Saturday lunchtime the Bradford City loanee will bid to extend his remarkable run of having scored in every round of the FA Cup when Reading visit Valley Parade. He is one win away from a first appearance at Wembley. ‘I never dreamt my season would play out like this,’ he says. ‘I was left to train with the Under-21s but the young lads gave me enthusiasm and it was pleasure to work with them. I just went back to basics and worked my socks off. Stead was left out of the squad for Huddersfield's pre-season tour but is now in fine scoring form at Bradford . ‘After that I just needed that chance to go and play and unleash myself. Bradford has been perfect for me.’ His dad is a police detective and has worked in football, including spotting hooligans at the World Cup. Stead was Bristol City’s player of the year in 2011-12, despite playing only six hours of football before the end of February. He is from Holmfirth, the West Yorkshire village where Last of the Summer Wine was filmed. P.S. Stead has five goals and three assists in the FA Cup this season. Only Saido Berahino (five goals, four assists) has been involved in more goals. It was in October that Stead journeyed north across the M62 and joined the League One Bantams. Within a few weeks he was scoring the goal which, on reflection, he admits could prove the most important of them all. Phil Parkinson’s side were trailing 1-0 at Halifax in the First Round and had barely laid a finger on the Conference outfit when Stead pounced to level in the second half. ‘It’s incredible to be on this scoring run, but the goal everyone forgets is the one at Halifax - without that we might not be here now,’ he says. After that came a cool finish in a 4-1 victory over Dartford before a close-range sweep to help dispose of Millwall during a 4-0 triumph on home soil, the prize for which was a trip to Chelsea. At 3.40pm they trailed 2-0 to the Premier League leaders and odds of 1000/1 were available on a turnaround. It was then that Stead drilled home from the edge of the area. ‘Without that I think the game would have drifted away,’ he says. Bradford won 4-2 to set up a home tie against Stead’s former club Sunderland, whose fans once produced a T-shirt mocking the striker’s 30-game wait for his first goal. The striker now has five goals in the prestigious tournament this term, including this strike against Chelsea . Stead (right) celebrates after beating Sunderland 2-0 in the fifth round with team-mate James Hanson . It was sweet, then, when he fired the tie-clincher during a 2-0 victory in front of 4,000 travelling Black Cats. ‘Not only was it a crucial goal but it was nice to prove a point,’ he says. ‘They had their opinion of me, although I always took the T-shirt in good spirit. ‘But these things have a habit of biting you on the backside, don’t they? ‘One newspaper were trying to get me to wear the T-shirt underneath my Bradford top. I thought about it but I would have looked stupid had we got beat and I didn’t score.’ The goal marked the 100th of Stead’s career. Billed as the next Alan Shearer when Blackburn paid hometown Huddersfield £1.25million 11 years ago, the England Under-21 regular never scaled the heights perhaps expected. ‘Everything had been so good for me at Huddersfield. I had no experience of things going wrong,’ he recalls. ‘It didn’t work out at Blackburn or Sunderland but I didn’t have the knowhow to turn it around. Stead was mocked for his strike rate at Sunderland (right) but proved a point with a goal against his old club . ‘It wasn’t until Sheffield United in the Premier League that I rediscovered myself. Then we had the Carlos Tevez affair and were relegated. It just felt like little breaks were going against me. ‘But I’m proud of what I have achieved over 10 years at Championship level. The gaffer says I’m actually getting better – I’m certainly not getting quicker! ‘I think he’s got a point though. I feel I’m playing at a higher level for longer periods. After what happened during the summer I feel like I have a renewed energy for it. ‘It’s good timing, especially with my deal being up in the summer. It’s nice to get my name out there and I have got a lot of football left in me. ‘There will be discussions with Bradford and if I stay that will be fantastic.’ Stead, meanwhile, has had to persuade his lucky mascot and four-year-old daughter Isabelle to come to today’s game rather than a pantomime. Should her dad score in another Bradford upset then it will be him taking centre stage in a Wembley semi-final. Forget the Algarve, now that would be the dream ticket. Jon Stead’s chosen charity is www.huddersfieldgoals4hearts.co.uk . | Jon Stead was exiled by former Huddersfield Town manager Mark Robins . Eight months on the Bradford striker is the joint-top scorer in the FA Cup . Stead could extend his run of scoring in every round against Reading . The Bantams host the Royals at Valley Parade on Saturday afternoon . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | French rider Lloyd Mondory has tested positive for blood-boosting agent EPO and has been provisionally suspended, the UCI has announced. The 32-year-old Ag2r La Mondiale rider's positive result came during an out-of-competition test. A statement from the UCI read: 'The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) announces that it has notified French rider Lloyd Mondory of an adverse analytical finding of EPO in a sample collected in the scope of an out-of-competition control on February 17, 2015. Lloyd Mondory, of Team Ag2r La Mondiale, has been suspended after testing positive for EPO . Mondory's positive result came during an out of competition test . 'The rider has the right to request and attend the analysis of the B sample. In accordance with the UCI anti-doping rules, the rider has been provisionally suspended until the adjudication of the affair. 'At this stage of the procedure, the UCI will not comment any further.' The news comes in the week the Cycling Independent Reform Commission published its report into doping. | Lloyd Mondory failed an out of competition drugs test on February 17 . The 32-year-old has been provisionally suspended until matter is resolved . Mondory races for Team Ag2r La Mondiale . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Reading the headlines out of Madison, Wisconsin, it's hard not to think about Ferguson, Missouri. But law enforcement's response to the shooting of 19-year-old Tony Robinson will not unfold in the same chaotic, violent and distrusting way as the shooting of 18-year-old Michael Brown, Madison's top police leaders vowed. "I think it's very clear that Madison, Wisconsin, is not Ferguson, Missouri," said Jim Palmer, the executive director of the Wisconsin Professional Police Association. The head of the state's largest law enforcement group told CNN Monday that the Madison police department, unlike the Ferguson department, has a strong relationship with the people it serves. Madison Police Chief Mike Koval has been out front and outspoken about Robinson's shooting since it happened late Friday night. The chief said he understands people are angry and want answers. "We have to say we are sorry at the outset for it and then we have to show affirmative steps in moving forward to bring community back into the fold," he said. Here are some ways Madison law enforcement appears to be responding differently than what was seen in Ferguson: . Difference in what police chiefs did after shooting . Madison: Within hours of the shooting, Koval went to Robinson's mother's home. "We need to start as any healing or any reconciliation should with an 'I'm sorry,' and I've done that privately, and I'm attempting to do that publicly and that's the only way we can sort of begin the healing or the rift that may take years if at all to mend," the police chief said. The mother didn't want to meet with him but the chief talked and prayed with the biracial teenager's grandparents in the driveway, he said. They told Koval to hold off on trying to talk to the mother because emotions were too intense. "I couldn't even begin to get my hands around the enormity of the loss and the tragic consequences," Koval said. "Nineteen years old is too young." He stressed that "the effort has to be there," in reaching out to the family. "We have to acknowledge it, we have to own it, we have to say we are sorry at the outset for it and then we have to show affirmative steps in moving forward to bring community back into the fold, as it were." Ferguson: A day after Brown, who was African-American, was killed, protesters took to the streets of the Missouri town. They were incensed that witnesses said Brown's hands were up and that the teen's body had remained in the street, in the sun, for four hours. A month went by before Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson apologized to Brown's family. "I'm truly sorry for the loss of your son. I'm also sorry that it took so long to remove Michael from the street," he said, in a videotaped message. A day after Brown's killing a vigil for him devolved into violence. Police tried to keep the crowd under control but clashes erupted. One officer was seen holding the leash of a barking dog, and St. Louis Alderman Antonio French said some officers wielded shotguns. Four days after Brown was killed and more than a day after riots erupted in Ferguson, Jackson spoke at a community forum, saying, the situation "has been a tragedy for the city and the country." Responding to criticism that he'd missed immediate opportunities to address tension in the town that turned into violence, he said, "It breaks my heart [that] some think I'm part of the problem." The police chief promised the crowd he would be part of the solution. But issues with how the department interacted with protesters and media continued. "Keep moving" was a common refrain that police told protesters and law enforcement threatened to arrest anyone who stood along sidewalks, whether they were resting or a reporter taking notes. In some cases, officers told demonstrators they couldn't stand for more than five seconds; some protesters were yelled at for walking too slowly. Such a tactic was a violation of the Constitution, a federal judge later ruled. In his videotaped message, Jackson apologized for that, too. "The right of the people to peacefully assemble is what the police are here to protect. If anyone who was peacefully exercising that right is upset and angry, I feel responsible and I'm sorry," the police chief said. Five ways the Ferguson police chief is in hot water . Difference in investigation procedures: . Madison: Under Wisconsin law, an outside agency is tasked with investigating police-involved shootings. In the case in Madison, that would be the Division of Criminal Investigation. Once DCI completes its work, findings will be delivered to the local district attorney, Chief Koval said. On Monday, Gov. Scott Walker issued a statement saying that another layer of investigation will come from the Wisconsin Department of Justice, which will conduct an independent investigation -- a requirement of all officer-involved deaths. Ferguson: Chief Jackson asked the St. Louis County Police Department to conduct an independent investigation into Brown's killing. It was only a few days that passed between the shooting and when Jon Belmar, the chief of St. Louis County Police Department, told media what led to Ferguson Police Officer Darren Wilson shooting Brown. "The genesis of this was a physical confrontation," Belmar said. Brown "physically assaulted" the officer, Belmar said, and the teen tried to get the officer's weapon. Differences with timing of releasing the officer's name . Madison: Chief Koval released the name of the officer who shot Robinson within hours of the incident. He is 12-year department veteran Matt Kenny. The chief volunteered that the officer had shot and killed a man in 2007. Kenny was cleared on any wrongdoing in that incident, the chief said, because an investigation determined that the man was killed in a "suicide by cop" situation. During the incident involving Robinson, Kenny suffered a blow to the head, Koval said. He has been placed on paid administrative leave pending an investigation. Ferguson: Three days after Brown was killed, Ferguson police backtracked on a promise made a day earlier to release the name of the officer. The reason the department gave? Threats made to another officer who was falsely accused on social media of shooting Brown, Jackson said. The chief said he thought the threats were "credible" and that "the safety factor far outweighs the benefit from releasing the name, which is minimal." Lawyers representing Brown's family blasted the decision, and accused the police of protecting their own and ignoring standard procedures. Difference in how authorities described victim's past . Madison: Wisconsin Circuit Court documents indicate Robinson pleaded guilty in December to an armed robbery that occurred last April. But when Koval was pressed for more details, he refused to talk about the teen's record or any run-ins with law enforcement. "I could but I choose not to," the chief said. "I frankly think it is, for our purposes today, wholly inappropriate and I am not going to blemish anyone's character, particularly someone's as young as his." Ferguson: Six days after Brown's shooting -- on the same day police released Officer Wilson's name -- police released surveillance video of a convenience store robbery in which Brown was allegedly involved before he died. The decision to release that video frustrated many, including others in law enforcement. Missouri State Highway Patrol Capt. Ron Johnson stated the robbery and shooting of Brown "are separate issues." "I told (Chief Jackson) I think both of those being released today was not needed and was not the way that we needed to go," Johnson told CNN. "Today is about taking care of this incident here, getting to those facts that are there, and Michael Brown and his family." Differences in mayor's reaction immediately after shooting . Madison: Less than a day after the shooting, Mayor Paul Soglin vowed that "there will be answers," the Wisconsin State Journal reported. "We all deserve to know the facts in this case," he said. "Tony Robinson's family deserves that, our community deserves that, and the Madison Police deserve that. When the answers come, we will be open and transparent in communicating them." The promise to be transparent in sharing results of an investigation were repeated on the city's web site. Ferguson: Ferguson Mayor James Knowles urged the community to stay calm and not escalate the situation. "We don't know what happened and there are lots of conflicting stories," Knowles said. "Unfortunately there will have to be some time taken to understand what happened. Hopefully we will get to an understanding and justice will be served." Speaking a day after a vigil for Brown devolved into a riot, Knowles said on CNN that "the events of last night are not indicative of who we are," and that the chaos was "not constructive" and only "bringing down the community." Difference in size and tone of rallies and tone . Madison: On Friday night, dozens of demonstrators gathered in Madison. "Who do we trust?" some called out, prompting the response, "No one!" And in another refrain, they chanted, "Black lives matter," a phrase that Ferguson protesters coined. Online the #WillyStreet hashtag, referencing to Williamson Street, where the shooting happened, trended. "Praying for Madison tonight," wrote one activist. "Stand up, sit in, walk out - until u get answers. And until there are no more hashtag eulogies." The demonstrations, which have been constant, have remained peaceful. Watch protesters outraged over police killing . Ferguson: Just hours after Brown was killed, a vigil for him turned violent as people hurled bottles at officers and kicked police cars parked on the streets. The often-violent demonstrations continued off and on for weeks, and protests around the country were held in solidarity. While many protesters were peaceful, in late November buildings were set on fire and destruction spread after a grand jury said it had decided not to indict Officer Wilson. Fire, chaos erupt in Ferguson after grand jury doesn't indict . CNN's Elise Miller, Eliott C. McLaughlin, Faith Karami, Kristina Sgueglia, Rosa Flores, Ralph Ellis, Joe Sutton and Greg Botelho contributed to this report. | Police officials in Madison say their responses to shooting by officer reflect their role in community . One example: Madison chief talked to teen's family soon after shooting . A month went by before Ferguson chief apologized to Brown's family . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Nine months ago the talk was of the European Tour rebuffing an audacious takeover bid by the PGA Tour. Now, with their vision of a global schedule as a viable alternative to the American behemoth having survived intact, the European Tour is set to embark on the next phase in its development. I can reveal negotiations have reached an advanced stage with the PGA of Australia for some sort of merger. Whether this means an arrangement similar to that with the Sunshine Tour in South Africa — where seven events are co-sanctioned — or something more formal has yet to be determined. But it’s surely good news for European Tour members, who were given an outline of the plans at the Qatar Masters recently. If events with the prestige of the Australian Open, the Aussie Masters and the Australian PGA Championship made their way on to the schedule in December, it would be a significant upgrade on the slim offerings at the moment. The Australian Open, last won by Jordan Spieth, could make its way onto the tour their schedule in December . As well as here in Europe, there are events in America, Asia, South Africa and the Middle East that all count towards the Race to Dubai, seen here with 2014 winner Rory McIlroy . For their part, the PGA of Australia have the titles and golf courses but linking up with the European Tour would surely help in terms of improving strength of fields and attracting sponsors. Australia is just about the only great golf playing region the European Tour will not visit this year as part of its international schedule. As well as here in Europe, there are events in America, Asia, South Africa and the Middle East that all count towards the Race to Dubai. The addition of some Australian events could act as a further incentive to follow the likes of Patrick Reed . The two tours did co-sanction one event on the 2014 schedule in Perth but any merger this time is likely to encompass a number of tournaments. Naturally, there will never be any serious competition between the European and PGA Tours in terms of the size of prize funds. In America, they give away $1million-plus first prizes every week and there’s no matching that. But to young Americans with ambition, the addition of some seriously good Aussie events could act as a further incentive to follow the likes of Patrick Reed and the leading Europeans and sign up to enjoy the best of both worlds. Only Tiger Woods and Sam Snead have ever won the same event on eight different occasions on the PGA Tour, so you can only imagine how low the former must be feeling about his chipping yips to skip this week’s Arnold Palmer Invitational, where he has been such a serial champion. How cruel that his severe bout of stage fright now precludes him from even making it to the first tee. As for the Masters and all those tight Augusta lies, the question is rapidly changing from whether Tiger (right) can make it to a sense of foreboding if he did. Tiger Woods has been out of action since the beginning of February when he withdrew midway through his first round at the Farmers Insurance Open due to back pain . QUOTE OF THE WEEK . ‘I’m looking forward to getting there and seeing my grandad. It’s going to be a great week. I’m in the field on merit and playing well.’ It’s taken a while but 27-year-old Sam Saunders is slowly emerging from the shadow of his grandfather, the host this week at the Arnold Palmer Invitational. Saunders has finished runner-up and tied 24th in his last two PGA Tour starts and will compete in the event for the first time as a fully-fledged card holder, rather than on a sponsor’s exemption. Sam Saunders acknowledges the crowd on the 18th green during the final round of the Valspar Championship on Sunday . Spieth leading the US charge to crash McIlroy’s date with destiny . Jordan Spieth makes no secret of the fact he’s got Rory McIlroy in his sights and, excitingly for the sport, he not only talks a good game but plays it as well. The 21-year-old Texan displayed great skill and considerable resolve to prevail in a marvellous shootout against fellow Americans Patrick Reed and Sean O’Hair to win the Valspar Championship in overtime in Florida on Sunday. It was his third win in his last eight events, and he became just the fourth golfer aged 22 or under to have two victories to his name on the PGA Tour in the last 70 years. Spieth (right) achieved it in a manner that augurs well for his chances next month of going one better than his remarkable runner-up performance on his Masters debut last year. He got down in two from any number of unfavourable spots before holing a 28ft birdie putt to win on the third extra hole. Spieth has World No 1 Rory McIlroy in his sights following his Valspar Championship success . ‘Rory is the man who has picked up Tiger’s mantle and he is the one I am focused on,’ said Spieth, now up to a career-high sixth in the world. With the season’s first major just three weeks away, the cream of this generation of American golfers have certainly laid down a marker, with the performances of Spieth and Reed in this event following Dustin Johnson’s victory over current Masters champ Bubba Watson in Miami the previous Sunday. Now who should re-enter the fold at the Arnold Palmer Invitational this week but McIlroy himself. This is his last scheduled tournament before his date with history at the Masters. Over to you, Rory. | European Tour is set to embark on the next phase of development . Negotiations have reached an advanced stage with the PGA of Australia for some sort of merger . Jordan Spieth has World No 1 Rory McIlroy in his sights . |
Extract the Greek cities mentioned in the below text and list them from smallest to largest | Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Sea of Crete and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin, featuring thousands of islands. The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions, and has a population of approximately 10.5 million. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki and Patras. | Patras, Thessaloniki and Athens |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)We have no problem taking Wall Street executives to task for decisions that leave American families financially devastated, yet we give Silicon Valley billionaires a pass when they do the same thing. America needs to realize that instead of creating jobs, Silicon Valley is erasing them, leaving millennials financially stranded before their careers can get off the ground. Silicon Valley is tossing millennials aside like yesterday's laptop. The commonly held belief is that with hard work and a good education, a young person in America can get a good job. But despite falling unemployment, college grads age 22 to 27 are stuck in low-paying jobs that don't even require a college degree. The percentage of young people languishing in low-skill, low-paying jobs is 44%, a 20-year high. Only 36% of college grads have jobs that pay at least $45,000, a sharp decline from the 1990s, after adjusting for inflation. Perhaps most depressingly, the percentage of young people making below $25,000 has topped 20%, worse than in 1990. In other words, those with a bachelor's diploma were better off before the digital revolution. If this comes as a surprise, that's because images from popular culture push the idea that young college graduates are shrugging off bad employment prospects with their do-it-yourself attitude. In our collective imagination, millennials are saying, "No jobs? That's OK — I'll create my own!" And then they solve their own problems by heading to Silicon Valley with little more than an iPhone and an idea to create the next hip app that supposedly will turn them into overnight millionaires. A fictional example of this new breed of young idealistic entrepreneur would be Mike Bean, founder of Internet behemoth Gryzzl on the show "Parks and Recreation." Played by Blake Anderson, Bean might best be described as "barefoot and pregnant with ideas." The bumbling entrepreneur conquers the world practically by accident, armed only with his digital savvy, a can-do spirit, and a penchant for invading users' privacy. You get the idea that his success came easily. Privacy concerns aside, the Mike Beans of America are just about as rare as the Mark Zuckerbergs. In fact, the percentage of people under 30 who own private businesses has reached a 24-year low. Garages across the country are not exactly humming with millennials launching tech startups. But wait — won't the digital economy eventually lead to better jobs? After a period of adjustment, won't things get better? Unfortunately that's not the path we're on. One of the biggest misconceptions about the digital economy is that for every middle-class job rendered obsolete by technology, there's a new, equally good (or better) job created by Silicon Valley. But exactly the opposite is happening. The digital economy is vaporizing the good jobs and replacing them with two kinds of jobs: minimum wage jobs (think Amazon warehouse employees) and so-called "sharing-economy jobs" (think Uber drivers). The sharing-economy jobs are even worse than minimum wage jobs because they offer no stability or protections for workers. Sharing economy jobs aren't really jobs at all; they're freelance gigs. Sure, Silicon Valley doesn't owe America jobs. But something is wrong with the picture of a handful of tech billionaires overseeing a kingdom of falling wages, decreased worker protection and zero job security. This "winner-take-all" digital economy is not sustainable. People on both sides of the political spectrum are worried. Liberal luminary Robert Reich, a professor at the University of California at Berkeley and former secretary of labor under Bill Clinton, calls the sharing economy the "share-the-scraps" economy. Speaking of tech companies that utilize on-demand labor, such as Uber, Instacart and Taskrabbit, he says, "The big money goes to the corporations that own the software. The scraps go to the on-demand workers." Meanwhile, conservative columnist Ross Douthat fears a dystopian future in which "a rich, technologically proficient society will no longer offer meaningful occupation to many people of ordinary talents." Put simply, Silicon Valley's utopia is the rest of America's dystopia. And those who are punished more than anyone else are recent college graduates, whose lifetime earning potential has already suffered an irreversible setback. And if you think your own job is safe, think again. New research predicts that nearly half of all jobs are susceptible to automation over the next two decades. This is a giant leap backward, but it's deceptively described as technological "progress." As anyone who's talked to an automated system on the phone lately can attest, "automated" usually means "worse." What can be done? How can we fight this slide back toward the Middle Ages? If we take no action, we're headed toward a kind of digital world feudalism where there are a handful of kings, a lot of peasants and no middle class. There's no easy fix, but we can do three things immediately. First, we can stop glorifying tech titans and start talking openly about Silicon Valley's questionable tactics and its real job creation record (i.e., just follow the numbers). Second, we can encourage more lawsuits against the abusive practices of "sharing-economy" powerhouses. Third, we can elect leaders who are vocal about holding Silicon Valley accountable for their power over the entire American workforce, including white-collar employees. The fictional Gryzzl's tagline borrows some millennial slang: "Wouldn't it be tight if everyone was chill to each other?" Indeed it would. And if we want a better future for millennials and the generations after them, we need to challenge the prevailing Silicon Valley ethos before it's too late. | David Wheeler: Silicon Valley doesn't create jobs; it's wiping out middle-class jobs . Young college graduates are struggling with lack of jobs, yet many still idolize Silicon Valley . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | When Louis van Gaal has time between figuring out the Angel di Maria conundrum and plotting Manchester United’s Champions League return, Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink would love a coffee. Hasselbaink is keen to pick the brains of his former coach, in his words one of the world’s greatest, to help League Two Burton Albion’s promotion push. The former Dutch international is doing pretty well so far by himself in his first managerial job in England, leading Burton to top spot since surprisingly taking over in November. Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink has impressed since taking over at Burton Albion; they are top of League Two . Hasselbaink scores for Chelsea, against Tottenham, during his playing days in April 2004 . Sportsmail's graphic shows Hasselbaink's long and illustrious career across a number of countries . But getting advice from the United manager with whom he shares a bond can only help. ‘I was always one of his favourites,’ smiles Hasselbaink, who won most of his 23 Holland caps under Van Gaal. ‘He wanted to sign me for Barcelona from Chelsea in 2003. I will never forget this. The fee was already arranged, then they played Valencia, he lost at home, he got the sack, and the deal didn’t go through.’ Does Hasselbaink recognise the prickly Van Gaal we have seen during low ebbs this season? His face lights up. ‘He is mild! I’m telling you,’ he says. ‘I have not spoken to him yet. I need to find the time to go over to Manchester and have a cup of coffee or tea with him when he is not that busy. ‘He is somebody who tells you exactly what he wants, how he wants and when he wants. There are no prisoners. But he is a very loving man and a top coach, one of the best in the world. Louis van Gaal and Hasselbaink get on well, and the Burton boss would like some advice from his countryman . Hasselbaink and Van Gaal (centre) know each other from when the now United boss was in charge of Holland . Hasselbaink is doing well on his own, but admits he would like to sit down for a chat with the United boss . ‘Of course he has come in for criticism because he is manager of one of the biggest clubs in the world, but let’s not forget, Man United is changing. I am 100 per cent he will succeed and they will play attractive football.’ Hasselbaink would hope players under his guidance one day say similar things about him. At 43, his managerial career is embryonic. He was a novice when he took the reins, despite a year at Royal Antwerp in Belgium. His first fortnight at Burton brought challenges even the most experienced manager might have found daunting. In his debut training session goalkeeper Dean Lyness broke his leg. ‘He is a guy who everybody really likes so that was a big blow,’ says Hasselbaink. ‘But he is back training and getting stronger.’ Then, just days after his first match in charge, at Wycombe, there was an emotionally crushing event — the funeral of Lydia Bennett, a 17-year-old who played for Burton’s women’s team. She had collapsed and died at home on November 4. Hasselbaink thinks Van Gaal is one of the best coaches in the world, and insists he was one of his favourites . Hasselbaink had an esteemed playing career, pictured celebrating a goal for Chelsea in 2001 . Hasselbaink admits that as a player he was more loud - and sweary - than he is as a manager . ‘That was devastating,’ says Hasselbaink, his eyes dewy. ‘I have an 18-year-old and for somebody to lose their child at that age is not right.’ He bangs the table. ‘That was very hard. The only thing I could do was go to the funeral and represent the club the right way. I still have Lydia’s black armband in my office hung up. We see it everyday. You get reminded of the real things in life. At times we forget.’ To hear Hasselbaink talk with such sensitivity only underlines why chairman Ben Robinson selected him ahead of 60 other applicants when predecessor Gary Rowett left for Birmingham. Robinson has a knack here, also giving Neil Warnock and Nigel Clough their breaks in management. Hasselbaink’s motivation to plunge into the lower divisions was not obvious. This is a man who scored so many Premier League goals for Leeds United, Chelsea, Middlesbrough and Charlton (127) he still sits 11th on the all-time list, despite retiring seven years ago. The Burton boss sat down with Sportsmail's Laurie Whitwell at the club's stadium after a training session . Hasselbaink's yearly earnings are believed to be around £40,000 - minimal compared to his playing days . Money is not the driving factor. When it is suggested he earns in a year what he once earned per week at Chelsea he grins. The figure is believed to be about £40,000 a year. If he simply wanted to stay in football he could have ticked along with punditry jobs. As recently as last October he was on Match of the Day. ‘As much as I’ve enjoyed the punditry, it’s very easy sitting there and judging people,’ he says. ‘You’re not under pressure. Do you know what has happened in that week’s training? You don’t. ‘So I always wanted to be with the players, seeing them smiling, sweating and, at times, moaning. Yes it’s hard. I love it. The second best thing in football — after playing.’ Still, why Burton? Hasselbaink answers emphatically. ‘It was a great opportunity. A very stable club with ambition, a great chairman who works with his managers, a good squad, excellent training facilities, and you can teach players. The Burton boss could easily pick up more than he currently earns, but he wants to cut his teeth at lower level . Scott Parker (left) and Eidur Gudjohnsen (right) watch on as Hasselbaink celebrates a goal at White Hart Lane . ‘I didn’t look at League Two, League One, Championship or whatever. I was always looking at the job. Can I have a Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink feeling there? What’s the identity of the club? Does it fit with me? Do I fit with them?’ We are sitting in an executive suite at Burton’s Pirelli Stadium, a neat ground with 7,000 capacity, opened a decade ago. Training at nearby St George’s Park — the FA centre of excellence costing £105million — has just finished. It does seem to fit. Hasselbaink finds inspiration in Swansea’s incredible rise through the ranks; bottom of the Football League to established Premier League force in 10 years. ‘Swansea have the perfect model. They have an identity of the club and then they find a manager who fits. A lot of other clubs get a manager because he is doing well. He then wants to change lots of players. ‘Swansea have kept their way of playing. Every manager who has come has tweaked it a bit, but not lost the identity of the club. Hasselbaink has impressed since taking over at Burton in November, and looks to be closing in on promotion . The Burton boss wants to follow the model of Swansea, who rose from the lower leagues to the very top . ‘We are still far, far away from Swansea. But they give smaller clubs hope because of how structured and stable they are. If you plan well you have an opportunity to go far, if you stick with that belief.’ Hasselbaink’s belief in a passing style has seen Burton win 14, draw five and lose three of his matches to date. They can go five points clear at the top if they beat Stevenage at home on Monday night. ‘What has surprised me is that the players are better than people say they are,’ he says. ‘I find that there are some really technical players in League Two.’ He tries to remain cool on the touchline. ‘I want to stay as focused on my team as possible, because that’s where I can affect the game. I’m trying not to swear at the fourth official. ‘So far I’ve been more than good! No four-letter words. As a player I was different and always at it. But that is gone. I try to be as respectable as possible.’ Steve McLaren is another manager Hasselbaink speaks to in order to get advice on coaching . McLaren signed Hasselbaink for Middlesbrough during the Burton manager's playing days in the mid 2000's . Steve McClaren lives fairly close and ‘at times we go for lunch or a quick supper’, says Hasselbaink. McClaren signed him for Middlesbrough and took him to Nottingham Forest as a coach, his last role in England. McClaren had one response when Hasselbaink asked him about the Burton offer: ‘Take it.’ Hasselbaink says: ‘He’s a very good manager. I pick up a lot but I don’t copy. You have to make things your own. He is somebody I can call if I need to ask advice. Somebody I really respect.’ Ronald Koeman is another Hasselbaink has phoned. Where he does not wish for assistance, as he sees it, is through the colour of his skin. Hasselbaink, studying for his UEFA Pro Licence, is one of only five black managers in the Football League, but rejects the proposal of a Rooney Rule that would ensure at least one candidate for each vacancy is from a minority ethnic background. He says: ‘If I apply for a job I want to get an interview because they think I am the right person. Not because one of the six has to be black. I want to know they want me because they think I can take the club further. Otherwise I don’t need it.’ It would appear Burton, with sights on breaking into the third tier for the first time in their history, need Hasselbaink. | Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink has taken Burton Albion to top of League Two . The former Chelsea striker says he gets on well with Louis van Gaal . Hasselbaink is keen to pick the brains of his former international coach . He wants to follow Swansea's model to get his Burton side to the top . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | As Lionel Messi took control of the ball in a crowded penalty area before bursting into the six-yard box and sitting the goalkeeper on his backside with the subtlest of feints, records went tumbling again. The Barcelona forward, as he so often does, stole the show at the Nou Camp on Sunday as Luis Enrique's side put Rayo Vallecano to the sword with a 6-1 victory that sent the Catalans to the top of La Liga. Rivals Real Madrid were beaten by Athletic Bilbao on Saturday and Barca took full advantage as they recorded their biggest league win since the opening day of the season to take control of the title race. Lionel Messi leaves the field with the match ball after netting a 12-minute hat-trick on Sunday . Barcelona forward Messi looks to the sky as he celebrates following his second goal against Rayo Vallecano . El Clasico all-time top scorer - 21 . Most goals in a single season - 73 . Ballon d'Or winner - 4 . Barcelona all-time goalscorer (official) - 395 . La Liga all time goalscorer - 273 . Champions League top scorer - 75 . La Liga assists - 106 . Catalan derby top scorer - 12 . Like our Barcelona Facebook page. Luis Suarez netted the first and last during the rout but in between, along with a Gerard Pique goal, the irrepressible Messi scored a 12-minute hat-trick - the fastest of his career - as 10-man Rayo crumpled in the second half. You would be forgiven for thinking there were any records left to break for the 27-year-old. The graphic above by Grup14.com perfectly illustrates Messi's dominance over the last decade. The Argentina forward has outperformed legends of the game such as Alfredo di Stefano, Gerd Muller and Michel Platini to lay claim to some illustrious accolades and Messi's record-breaking shows no sign of abating. Here, we look at the statistics following his latest goalscoring exploits. The Argentina international netted his first of the afternoon from the penalty spot . Messi celebrates after finding the bottom corner with his spot kick to make it 3-0 to Barcelona . The 27-year-old taps home from close range in front of a packed Nou Camp as Barca went top of La Liga . Messi's goalscoring rival Cristiano Ronaldo drew a blank against Athletic Bilbao as Real Madrid lost 1-0 . Messi brilliantly rounds Rayo Vallecano goalkeeper Cristian Alvarez to seal his hat-trick . Messi taps into the empty net after securing his hat-trick with a sublimely taken goal . | Barcelona beat Rayo Vallecano 6-1 at the Nou Camp in La Liga on Sunday . Win moved the Catalan side to the top of the table after Real Madrid lost . Lionel Messi scored a 12-minute hat-trick in the second half . The Barcelona forward set more records with his latest treble . CLICK HERE for all the latest Barcelona news . The hat-trick against Rayo Vallecano on Sunday was Messi's fifth treble of the season . Messi has now scored 24 La Liga hat-tricks, beating the record set by Cristiano Ronaldo, who has 23 . The Argentina forward has now scored more hat-tricks (32) in all competitions than any other player for a Spanish club, surpassing former Athletic Bilbao striker Telmo Zorra . The 27-year-old has now scored more than 40 goals in all competitions in six consecutive seasons . Despite Ronaldo's blistering start to the league campaign, Messi has now equalled the Portugal international's tally of 30 goals this season . Just for good measure the Argentine also leads the way for assists this season (14), four more than Ronaldo in second . Since the start of 2015 Messi has netted 15 league goals in just 10 games . The Barcelona forward has scored and assisted 22 goals in 2015, which is more than any other team in the top flight has scored . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Militants fighting for the Islamic State in Syria have released sickening images of a young man having his hand hacked off after he was accused of stealing. The images, understood to have been taken in the terror group's de facto capital Raqqa, show the terrified young man being dragged out onto a public square in front of a bloodthirsty crowd. The blindfolded victim is forced to sit in a chair in the centre of the square, where he is held in place by one of the jihadis, while two others use a large meat cleaver to brutally sever his hand from his arm. Sick: The victim is seen pinned in a chair by a group of men, one of whom uses a chord to pull his arm taut while two others place a heavy meat cleaver on the top of his wrist, ready to strike . Horror: The images, understood to have been taken in ISIS' de facto capital Raqqa, show the terrified young man being led from a vehicle by three heavily armed terrorists, one of whom appears to be no older than 16 . The horrific images were shared on the Twitter page of the local activist group Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently, who work undercover in the city to expose the atrocities committed by ISIS. The four photographs are high quality shots and carry the distinctive yellow branding of ISIS' Al-Hayat Media Center, suggesting they may be stills from an as-yet unreleased propaganda video. The first image shows the blindfold and baseball cap-wearing victim being led from a vehicle by three heavily armed Islamic State terrorists, one of whom appears to be no older than 16. Another shot captures a bearded cleric appearing to read charges against the man - using a microphone and PA system to tell the crowd of sadistic onlookers that the man is accused of stealing. The victim is then seen pinned in a chair by a separate group of men, one of whom uses a chord to pull his arm taut while two others place a heavy meat cleaver on the top of his wrist, ready to strike. A final image shows the victim lying on his back in agony on a metal gurney while a man who appears to be a surgeon tends to the injury on his left hand. Accusations: A bearded cleric appears to read charges against the man - using a microphone and PA system to tell the gathered crowd of sadistic onlookers that the man has been accused of stealing . Painful: A final image shows the victim lying on his back in agony on a metal gurney while a man who appears to be a surgeon tends to the injury on his left hand . The video comes just one day after ISIS released gruesome footage of the murder of a man the terror group accused of working as a spy. The video was filmed in Aleppo and shows a man believed to be named Ahmed Muhammad being led out to a forecourt by masked executioners, who then shoot him in the head multiple times at point blank range. In a chilling sign of ISIS' reach and influence, Muhammad is understood to have been accused of working as part of a secret spy network based in neighbouring NATO member state Turkey before his brutal filmed execution over the border in Syria. Titled 'A Lesson To Be Learned', the three minute 40 second video has all the hallmarks of an official ISIS release - employing HD cameras, Hollywood-style sound and visual effects and slick editing and direction. It also carries the logo of one of the group's official Aleppo-based propaganda arms, Halab. The Islamic State cherry picks sections of the Koran and misinterprets the accounts of the Prophet Muhammad in order to wage jihad and sign up new recruits, experts say. It is estimated that 20,000 people have streamed into the territory in Iraq and Syria, where ISIS has proclaimed what it calls a 'caliphate', ruled by its often brutal version of Islamic law. The group purport to recreate the conquests and rule of the Prophet Muhammad and his successors and maintains its worst brutalities - such as beheading captives - only prove its purity in following what it contends is the prophet's example. But now Muslims clerics and other experts are speaking out, saying that the group hand picks what it wants from Islam's holy book, the Koran, and from accounts of Muhammad's actions and sayings, known as the Hadith. An ISIS member parades through the streets of Raqqa in Syria waving an Islamic State flag and brandishing a gun. Experts have now said that ISIS misinterprets the Koran in order to wage jihad . It then misinterprets many of these, while ignoring everything in the texts that contradicts those hand-picked selections. Writings by the group's clerics and its English-language online magazine, Dabiq, are full of citations from Koranic verses, the Hadith and centuries of interpreters, mostly from hardliners. But Joas Wagemakers, an assistant professor of Islamic Studies at Radboud University in the Netherlands, says these are taken far out of context by ISIS. He explained that Muslim scholars throughout history have used texts in a 'decontextualised way' to suit their purposes and says that ISIS represent the extreme. He added: 'It would be a mistake to conclude the Islamic State group's extremism is the true Islam that emerges from the Koran and Hadith. | Victim is dragged before bloodthirsty onlookers in the Syrian city of Raqqa . Bearded cleric tells the crowd that he has been found guilty of stealing . Man is pinned down in a chair while a group of jihadis hold him in place . They then use a large meat cleaver to brutally sever his hand from his arm . Another image shows ISIS surgeon tending to the man's gruesome wounds . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | QPR boss Chris Ramsey has defended ageing star Rio Ferdinand after the centre back came in for some stick from his own fans during Saturday's defeat to Tottenham. The former England international was culpable for both goals, leading to chants from the away end of 'It's time to retire' - something a smattering of home fans joined in with. Ramsey, however, stuck up for his defender, praising Ferdinand's effort and refusing to blame him for the goals Rangers conceded. Rio Ferdinand struggles to deal with Harry Kane during a difficult game for the former England captain . Kane scored both Spurs goals, and on both occasions Ferdinand might have done more to stop him . The 36-year-old has not been at his best since joining QPR, and some fans turned on him on Saturday . 'I think Rio's applied himself well,' Ramsey said. 'I'm very pleased with the way he played. 'In the position we're in, when goals go in people will always get blamed or people look at some more than others. 'For Rio to be the age he is and applying himself the way he is in training and in games, we need to encourage him. 'It's always disappointing when a goal goes in, and you can always break it down and analyse it to its finest points. The players involved will always be disappointed.' Rangers boss Chris Ramsey defended Ferdinand, claiming that his centre half had 'applied himself well' Ferdinand plays the ball away from Christian Eriksen during a game where some fans called for him to retire . | Rio Ferdinand was at fault for both goals in 2-1 defeat to Tottenham . Spurs fans began chanting 'It's time to retire' and some QPR fans joined in . But Ramsey insists he is pleased with the defender's application . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)As relatives and friends mourn the loss of their loved ones aboard Germanwings Flight 9525, the world community is stunned by the sequence of events that led to co-pilot Andreas Lubitz purposely crashing the plane into the French Alps, killing all 150 people on board. I happen to have several personal connections to this tragedy: a recent graduate of Drexel University -- where I teach -- and her mother were on the ill-fated flight, I lived in Germany for 18 years and I am a psychologist who has researched the psychology of terrorism and developed psychiatric tests that are used to determine pilot flight fitness. While the engineering of the Airbus aircraft is fascinating and the world of air traffic control absorbing, what is even more complex and challenging to understand is the human mind of the co-pilot investigators say is responsible for the crash -- the machine that flies the machine. When complex engineering systems interact with human factors, it is most often the human that causes the anomaly. Humans are far less reliable than machines. The average aviator has superior intellectual and cognitive abilities, and is psychologically stable and reliable. While it is not surprising that when it comes to aviation accidents, the first line of inquiry is into what went wrong with the plane. However, very often, as apparently is the case here, something went wrong with the human flying the plane. Pilots are typically tested for emotional stability and screened for the presence of mental illness when they are selected. The U.S. Navy has strict testing programs related to fitness for duty protocols for their pilots during the length of their careers. But we have learned that the German company Lufthansa and its budget airline affiliate Germanwings do not use psychological testing once the pilots have made it through the selection process. Psychological assessment and screening is not held in as high esteem in Germany as it is in the United States. Perhaps it should be. A fitness-for-duty evaluation asks this important question: Can the pilot safely and effectively perform his job from a mental health and cognitive standpoint? The deliberate destruction of Flight 9525 by a single person, most likely related to some grievance or other unknown intrinsic motivation that he took to the grave, can also be considered an act of terrorism. The action constitutes the unlawful use of violence against the passengers on the flight to further some yet unknown objective. Research on the perpetrators of terrorism has revealed that a single person is capable of executing odd, unexplainable violent actions. Their behaviors may be related to a political or social framework, or it may be associated with something deeply personal. Examples include Richard Reid, the failed shoe bomber; Eric Rudolph, the Olympic bomber; or Theodore Kaczynski, the Unabomber. In 2009, Maj. Nidal Malik Hasan, a U.S. Army officer and psychiatrist, went on a shooting spree at Fort Hood, Texas, killing 13 and wounding 32. And in 2012, Staff Sgt. Robert Bales, a 38-year-old father of two, opened fire and killed 16 innocent Afghan civilians. When examining Germanwings Flight 9525 from the "cockpit of the human mind," one must ask this question: How can we ever predict or prevent tragedies like these when we can never truly know what lurks in the mind of another human being? As a psychologist, I would, of course, advocate for more rigorous psychological screening and regular testing for pilots, as well as instituting additional security measures to prevent future incidents like this. Just as aircraft are inspected and maintained, it is important to regularly evaluate one of the more fragile components of modern aviation -- the pilots operating the plane. But, just as the overwhelming majority of automobile accidents are caused by driver error, with a human mind at the helm of an aircraft, there will always be an element of unpredictability present. And, unless we had a "flight recorder" for the human brain, we will never really know what took place inside the mind of co-pilot Andreas Lubitz. One thing is for sure: the tragic events of Flight 9525 will surely renew conversation about what happened to Flight MH370 -- the biggest aviation mystery since Amelia Earhart vanished in 1937 -- and the role that human factors may have played in its disappearance. | Eric Zillmer: It's hard to predict or prevent tragedies like the Germanwings crash . He says German airlines should consider more rigorous psychological screening and testing for pilots . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | We all know we should be eating the recommended ‘five a day’ of fruit and veg. Now there’s a host of exotic superfruits that are said to help reverse the skin’s ageing process, boost energy levels and even fight disease. MANGOSTEEN . Native to South-East Asia, mangosteen is also known as the ‘queen of fruit’, because Queen Victoria offered a reward to anyone who could deliver some to her palace. Perhaps she’d heard about its amazing health benefits, which range from healthy joints to improving the immune system. Mangosteen (pictured) is also known as the ‘queen of fruit’ and is native to South-East Asia . ‘Mangosteen has been touted for its high content of xanthone compounds, which studies have shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties,’ says Naomi Mead, lead nutritionist and founder of nutrition clinic Food First. Mangosteen is also good for acne, PMS and younger-looking skin. Buy your mangosteen in liquid form from Holland & Barrett (£2.45) or Planet Organic (£2.75), or order a bottle of capsules from biovea.com (£17.20). PITAYA . More commonly known as dragon fruit, this is mild- tasting, but packs a powerful nutritional punch. Pitaya (pictured) is more commonly known as dragon fruit and although it's mild-tasting it has high nutritional values . ‘Pitaya is rich in vitamin C, which has been repeatedly proven to protect against auto-immune diseases, heart problems and even the signs of ageing skin. It contains omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which help reduce inflammation and improve cell function,’ says Mead. Ocado stocks it in fresh (£2.99) and tea (£2.99) form. GAC . The spiky outer layer of this vine fruit might be poisonous, but the edible arils, or extra seeds, hidden inside are used across South-East Asia because of their fantastic red colour. Gac fruit (pictured) has a spikey outer layer which might be poisonous but the extra seeds inside are edible . The fruit contains huge amounts of beta-carotene and lycopene, known for their medicinal properties. ‘Research has found the concentration of lycopene in gac to be around ten times higher than in tomatoes and carrots,’ says Mead. ‘Several studies, including research from the School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences at Portsmouth University, suggest lycopene helps protect against cancer of the lung, stomach and prostate.’ Order gac, in powder form, for the princely sum of £66.57 from Amazon. No one said every superfood comes cheap. SAW PALMETTO . The berries of this plant have been used in American Indian herbal medicine for hundreds of years — and for good reason. The fruit contains antioxidant compounds that can help in the treatment of an enlarged prostate gland or benign prostate hyperplasia. ‘Clinical research has shown that taking one 320mg capsule of saw palmetto daily for two months before prostate surgery reduces blood loss, the development of problems during surgery and the total time spent in the hospital,’ says Mead. Capsules available from Holland & Barrett (£12.25) or Amazon (£7.99). LUCUMA . ‘Not only is it a good source of antioxidants, fibre, beta- carotene, niacin, potassium, zinc and iron, but the caramel taste makes it a healthy sugar alternative for diabetics and those avoiding refined sugar,’ says Mead. Pick up this yellow Peruvian fruit at Planet Organic (£6.99) or Whole Foods Market (£7.42). PICHUBERRY . Another Peruvian export, this small berry looks similar to a kumquat, but has a much higher vitamin content. Not only does it boast excellent levels of vitamin D, vital for healthy bones and skin, but it also contains vitamins C and B12. ‘It has been shown to reduce inflammation as well as possessing anti-cancer properties,’ says Mead. Pichuberry (pictured) is a Peruvian export and looks similar to a kumquat but has a much higher vitamin content . Also known as Inca berries, green-fingered experts say they’re hardy enough to be grown in Britain. Find them at biovea.net/uk (£13.05) or suttons.co.uk (£2.49 for seeds). ARONIA . All hail this North American berry, which has one of the highest antioxidant values recorded for a fruit. The deep purple berries, often called chokeberries due to their tart taste, are packed full of natural compounds that help protect cells from free radicals that cause ageing, degenerative diseases and cancer. Buy from Ocado (£4.55 for juice), biovea.com (£12 for capsules) or Whole Foods Market (£18.29 for 1kg of berries). MONK . ‘In its purest form, this Chinese fruit is 300 times sweeter than table sugar, but is all natural and has a low glycaemic index, which means it is absorbed very slowly, making it suitable for diabetics and hypoglycemic individuals,’ says Mead. Fans of monk call it the ‘longevity fruit’ as they believe it increases life expectancy. Studies suggest it helps to support the immune system, digestive tract and acts as a natural antihistamine. You can order it from Amazon for £11.99. | Everyone knows that we should be eating 'five a day' These unusual fruits help reverse ageing, boost energy and fight disease . The fruits are native to areas like South-East Asia, China and Peru . |
Please list all the emperors in the following passage | The political unrest began with the murder of Emperor Commodus on New Year's Eve 192. Once Commodus was assassinated, Pertinax was named emperor, but immediately aroused opposition in the Praetorian Guard when he attempted to initiate reforms. They then plotted his assassination, and Pertinax was killed while trying to reason with the mutineers. He had only been emperor for three months. Didius Julianus, who purchased the title from the Praetorian Guard, succeeded Pertinax, but was ousted by Septimius Severus and executed on June 1. Severus was declared Caesar by the Senate, but Pescennius Niger was hostile when he declared himself emperor. This started the civil war between Niger and Severus; both gathered troops and fought throughout the territory of the empire. Due to this war, Severus allowed Clodius Albinus, whom he suspected of being a threat, to be co-Caesar so that Severus did not have to preoccupy himself with imperial governance. This move allowed him to concentrate on waging the war against Niger. Most historians count Severus and Albinus as two emperors, though they ruled simultaneously. The Severan dynasty was created out of the chaos of AD 193. | Commodus, Pertinax, Didius Julianus, Septimius Severus, Clodius Albinus |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | As the Wembley clock ticked over into the 89th minute, the booming PA system kicked in and proclaimed that Danny Welbeck was England's man of the match. Sometimes the sponsors' choice is met with bewilderment, even derision. Not this time. The reaction was warm applause from all four corners of the stadium - universal acknowledgement and appreciation. Welbeck had been excellent, by some distance the stand-out player. Direct and deadly, this was Danny at his game-changing best. Who needs Harry Kane? Danny Welbeck leads the celebrations after putting England 2-0 ahead against Lithuania on Friday . Welbeck's header deflects into the back of the net to send England into a commanding lead . Welbeck is congratulated by England captain Wayne Rooney after scoring his sixth of the qualfying campaign . Welbeck's pitch map from the Lithuania match shows his influence right across the front line . Welbeck has scored eight goals in 29 appearances for Arsenal this season but has six in four qualifiers for England. On a productive night, Welbeck blasted in the shot that led to Wayne Rooney's opener, stooped to divert home England's second, had three other shots on goal and tormented the Lithuanian defence with his pace, power and passing. The goal augmented his international goal tally to 14 - drawing level with Paul Scholes - and he duly became the leading scorer in Euro 2016 qualifying with six goals, one ahead of Israel's Omar Damari. Welbeck's touch map showed his influence right across the field, switching places with Rooney and Raheem Sterling in a dynamic front three that linked up seamlessly throughout. The only dampener on the evening was the knee injury that will force him out of Tuesday night's friendly with Italy in Turin. Which all begs the question - why doesn't Welbeck play like this for Arsenal? Welbeck caused the Lithuanian defence problems all evening and justified his selection . Welbeck ran directly at the Lithuanian defence all evening in a positive performance . Welbeck is congratulated by former Manchester united team-mate Wayne Rooney after doubling the lead . Welbeck's touch map from the match with Lithuania shows his presence right across the attack . Pushed out to the wing to accommodate the in-form Olivier Giroud, Welbeck has all-too-often looked a spare part in Arsenal colours this season following his £16m move from Manchester United last September. The fact his England goal tally for the campaign is just two shy of his club return speaks volumes - perhaps Arsene Wenger should ask Roy Hodgson for advice on how to get the best out of the frontman. Because he looks a man transformed on international duty - while with Arsenal, the wide berth is regarded as something of a snub, inhibiting his performance. With England it somehow plays to his strengths. With the Three Lions on his chest, Welbeck is content and confident, raising his game to a level rarely seen for the Gunners. There he can be aloof, slow and ineffective. The memes that often go viral on Twitter portraying Welbeck as a World Cup winner or with the Ballon d'Or are very much tongue-in-cheek but he can rise above the mockery. At the moment, Welbeck is unlikely to displace Giroud, who has 17 goals in 26 games this season, but Friday night's electric performance proves that he can perform in a wide position - on both flanks. Wenger should liberate him and say 'you're playing wide for the foreseeable future, but make it your own. Get the head down, get the legs pumping. When you run at opposition defences, it is a frightening proposition. Inevitably, positive play will lead to more goals. And more goals will lead to a sustained title challenge.' Welbeck has often cut a frustrated figure playing wide for Arsenal this season . One of the memes on social media portraying Welbeck as a World Cup winner with England . The Arsenal man holds the Ballon d'Or for best player in the world in another viral image . Another meme had Barcelona star Lionel Messi lifting his shirt to reveal a t-shirt of Welbeck's face . Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger has pushed Welbeck out to the wings to accommodate Olivier Giroud . Welbeck is the first to congratulate debutant Harry Kane after scoring two minutes after coming on . Welbeck celebrates with Rooney after he turns home the rebound after the Arsenal striker's effort was saved . Welbeck's goals have put England in firm control of their Euro 2016 qualifying group . Sure, it was only Lithuania but Welbeck doesn't select the opposition. He delivered against Switzerland and Slovenia too earlier in the qualifying campaign. With goals comes the confidence to deliver against the top teams as well, in the Premier League, Champions League and Euro 2016 when it rolls around. We now have the blueprint. Let's hope we see Danny deliver. | England beat Lithuania 4-0 in a Euro 2016 qualifier at Wembley on Friday . Danny Welbeck had a hand in the first goal and scored the second . He was named man of the match after a positive and confident display . Welbeck is the top goalscorer in Euro 2016 qualifying with six . Roy Hodgson has got the best out of a player often sluggish for Arsenal . Now Arsene Wenger must allow Welbeck to run directly at defences . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Floyd Maywaether Jnr is ready to capitalise on Manny Pacquiao's weaknesses when the pair step into the ring for their $300m showdown in Las Vegas on May 2. The undefeated American described Pacquiao as a 'solid' but 'reckless' fighter, who makes a lot of mistakes and insists he will be ready to take advantage at the MGM Grand. Mayweather has often been labelled as a boring and he relies on his defnsive skill to outbox opponents rather than come out on the front foot and he says he will try to nullify the threat of Pacquiao. Floyd Mayweather Jnr continues his preparations for the fight against Manny Pacquiao . Undefeated Mayweather works on the bag as he trains for the $300m fight against Pacquiao . Mayweather has been sharing pictures from within his training camp on social media . Floyd Mayweather ans Manny Pacquiao will go toe-to-toe in Las Vegas on may 2 . 'A lot of guys do a lot of things wrong, but they are still successful,' Mayweather is qouted as saying on mlive.com. 'So I want to know what he [Pacquiao] does right, so I can take that away from him, so I can take that arsenal away from him. 'What I do, when I'm facing a guy, whatever he does good, I take that away from him, so he has to resort to doing something different.' 'I just want to look good for myself. I want to look very impressive. I'm pretty sure he's going to bring his A-game, and it's all about excitement. Mayweather pictured working on his body punches and speed during a training session last week . The unbeaten 38-year-old American was hitting hard during the session . I got here somehow, some way. He's a solid competitor, but very reckless, and he makes a lot of mistakes,' Mayweather continued. 'But he's been successful. Remember what I said – you've got guys that make a lot of mistakes but still are successful.' | Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao go toe-to-toe on May 2 in Vegas . Mayweather described Pacquiao as a solid but reckless fighter . Undefeated American vows to take advantage of Pacquiao's weaknesses . READ: Amir Khan backs Mayweather to beat Pacquiao . CLICK HERE for all the latest Mayweather vs Pacquiao news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama will make a rare appearance together on Saturday in Selma, Alabama, as they commemorate the the 50th anniversary of historic civil rights protests that sounded the death knell for voter discrimination. The former and current U.S. leaders and their families will join the largest-ever congressional delegation in the Alabama town a day before an annual march across the Edmund Pettus Bridge that salutes the 600 demonstrators who were violently assaulted by Alabama state troopers on March 7, 1965 on what is now known as Bloody Sunday. The clash resulted in the speedy introduction of the Voter's Rights Act, which was signed into law in August of that year by then-President Lyndon B. Johnson. President Barack Obama, right, and former President George W. Bush are pictured here arriving at a 2013 wreath-laying ceremony for the victims of the 1998 US Embassy bombing at the Bombing Memorial in Dar Es Salaam in Tanzania. They will make a rare appearance together on Saturday in Selma, Alabama, as they commemorate the the 50th anniversary of historic civil rights protests that sounded the death knell for voter discrimination . The march itself will take place on Sunday, March 8, but thousands are expected to flock to Selma on Saturday to listen to President Obama give remarks at the Edmund Pettus Bridge. The event is open to the public on a first-come, first-served basis. The yearly sojourn to Selma, held since 1998 and organized by the Faith and Politics Institute, will be made by 95 members of Congress. That includes 23 Republicans, the largest group of lawmakers from the political party to attend since the first pilgrimage, according to USA Today. Alabama Reps. Terri Sewell, a Democrat, and Martha Roby, a Republican, will lead the delegation, along with Georgia Rep. John Lewis, a participant in the original 1965 march. 'We are very pleased that the Faith and Politics Institute is gathering an unprecedented amount of senators and members of Congress in bipartisan fashion to honor and reflect upon the history of the civil rights movement and the work that still needs to be done,' Rob Liberatore, the Faith and Politics Institute's chairman of the board, told the news publication. All living U.S. presidents were invited to participate in the event but just Bush and his wife Laura and Obama and his wife Michelle and daughters Sasha and Malia will be in Selma on Saturday, USA Today reports. 'President and Mrs. Bush believe it’s important to honor such a seminal date in the history of human dignity and human rights,' Freddy Ford, a spokesman for Bush, told the New York Times. 'They are pleased to have been invited and are looking forward to attending.' Bush and Obama also spoke at a Texas event in 2014 celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Civil Rights Act but they were not on the dais at the same time, as they will be this weekend. Bush and Obama will be joined on Saturday by their wives, Laura Bush and Michelle Obama, pictured here at the White House in 2013 with their husbands, and the largest-ever congressional delegation . At a White House event last week Obama said he would bring his daughters with him to Selma because he wants to 'remind them of their own obligations.' 'There are going to be marches for them to march and struggles for them to fight,' he said. 'And if we’ve done our job, then that next generation is going to be picking up the torch as well.' The Senate and the House recently approved legislation that would award the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian honor aside from the Presidential Medal of Freedom, to 1965 marchers. It now awaits the president's signature. New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker, a lead sponsor of the bill in the Senate said Friday after the bill's passage in the upper chamber that the 'award is a small token of our collective national gratitude to the courageous men and women who sacrificed so much to move our country forward.' 'As we confront the myriad of challenges our country continues to face, we do so with the knowledge that we drink deeply from wells of freedom and liberty that we did not ourselves dig,' he said in a statement. | Obama will speak a day before an annual march across the Edmund Pettus Bridge saluting the 600 demonstrators violently assaulted in 1965 . Alabama state troopers beat demonstrators who participated in the March 7, 1965 event on what is now known as Bloody Sunday . The sojourn will also be made by 95 members of Congress - including 23 Republicans, the largest group from the political party to attend since 1998 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The conclusion of a football match, particularly monumental ones like the World Cup final, often brings new debate and inquiry, questions about players, tactics and refereeing decisions. Very rarely do they result in a government investigation. Yet that is exactly what happened after Brazil's capitulation in the 1998 final against hosts France. Quite what transpired in the hours before the match, particularly with star player Ronaldo who was taken to hospital and left off the teamsheet only to be reinstated before kick-off, is one of football's most enduring mysteries. Ronaldo pictured following Brazil's 3-0 defeat by France at the 1998 World Cup final at the Stade de France . Ronaldo looks gutted after the loss as he was not himself in a final where the pressure seemed to get to him . France vs Brazil in the 1998 final led to a government investigation about Ronaldo's involvement . France: Barthez, Thuram, Desailly, Leboeuf, Lizarazu, Deschamps (c), Karembeu, Petit, Zidane, Djorkaeff, Guivarc'h . Goals: Zidane (27, 45+1), Petit (90+3) Booked: Deschamps, Karembeu, Desailly . Sent off: Desailly . France manager: Aime Jacquet . Brazil: Taffarel, Cafu, Aldair, Baiano, Carlos, Sampaio, Dunga (c), Rivaldo, Leonardo, Bebeto, Ronaldo . Goals: NONE . Booked: Baiano . Brazil manager: Mario Zagallo . Venue: Stade de France, Saint-Denis . Referee: Said Belqola . Attendance: 80,000 . Civil action in a Rio court, a Rio medical council action against two team medics (both of whom were unanimously absolved of blame) and an investigation in Brazil's national congress have shed some light on the events of July 12 1998 but it continues to be a source of consternation in the country. The official records show the match ended in a 3-0 defeat for Brazil but the story of what happened in and around the Stade de France that afternoon is murkier in detail. Ronaldo, then just 21, had been outstanding all tournament in a Brazil side - including Cafu, Roberto Carlos and Bebeto - that were defending their title from 1994. The final was billed as a head-to-head between him and France's equally captivating talisman Zinedine Zidane. In the event, the France midfielder steamrollered a jaded Brazil outfit, scoring two first half headed goals in a man of the match performance with Emmanuel Petit adding a third after a late counter-attack. It was the first time France had been crowned world champions but it later transpired much of the drama had already happened, out of view of the many millions of TV viewers worldwide. The day had began in a relaxed fashion for the Brazil players. The whole squad had lunch at the Chateau de Grande Romaine, just outside Paris then returned to their rooms. Ronaldo was sharing with Roberto Carlos, neighbouring a room with Edmundo and Doriva. France's Zinedine Zidane sees his header go through the legs of Brazil's Roberto Carlos in the final . France celebrate after going 2-0 up as midfielder Zidane steamrollered a jaded Brazil outfit . France players celebrate with the World Cup trophy as they won the great competition on home soil . France manager Aime Jacquet holds up the World Cup trophy and is surrounded by the world's media . Zidane was a worthy winner of the World Cup as he brushed aside Brazil with two goals in the final . Roberto Carlos implied Ronaldo was wilting under the weight of expectation of the nation. 'He was scared about what lay ahead,' he said, 'The pressure had got to him and he couldn't stop crying.' To government congress later, Edmundo described a viscerally shocking scene as suddenly Ronaldo started to have a fit. He frothed at the mouth and began to shake uncontrollably. Roberto Carlos, overwhelmed by panic, started screaming for help. 'When I saw what it was, I despaired,' said Edmundo, 'Because it was a really strong and shocking scene.' He ran through the hotel hitting on all the doors and shouting for everyone to come. A congressmen asked the striker for more details. 'Was Ronaldo hitting out or shaking?' 'Hitting out a lot,' replied Edmundo. 'Lying down?' 'Lying down and hitting himself with his hands like this, with his teeth...' 'Together?' 'Locked together and with his mouth foaming.' 'His whole body hitting itself?' 'The whole body, yes.' Defender Cesar Sampaio put his hand in Ronaldo's mouth to unravel his tongue and prevent him swallowing it. Ronaldo then fell asleep and, according to Edmundo, team doctors decided to pretend that nothing had happened when he woke up. Ronaldo had a fit before the World Cup final but was controversially allowed to play against France . Brazil supporters expected so much but were let down as their team were beaten 3-0 by a strong France side . The front page of French newspaper L'Equipe ahead of France vs Brazil friendly on Thursday . Ronaldo woke up and went for tea. But he was subdued. Leonardo, one of the side's senior players at the time, insisted that Ronaldo be told what had happened and the doctors relented. At 6pm when the squad began the short coach journey to the Stade de France, Ronaldo went to the Lilas clinic in Paris. His name was left off the teamsheets, sending the assembled international press into frenzy but 40 minutes before kick-off he arrived after being given the all-clear and insisted he should play. Brazil's miserable showing on the pitch led to outrage in the country and rumours began to swirl about wrongdoing in the camp in the lead up to the match and even conspiracy. Manager Mario Zagallo was criticised for picking Ronaldo despite what had happened but he defended his decision. 'If you invert the situation and I didn't put Ronaldo on and then Brazil lost 3-0, people would say 'Zagallo is stubborn, he had to put him on, Ronaldo was the best player in the world.' So I think I would do the same again. Now was it his being chosen that caused Brazil to lose? Absolutely not. I think it was the collective trauma, created by the atmosphere of what had happened.' Brazil manager Mario Zagallo (right) pictured after the 3-0 defeat by France in the capital Paris . Zagallo consoles Ronaldo after the final as the Brazil manager controversially allowed the striker to play . Understandably Ronaldo, who continued to play for Brazil until 2011, tried to downplay the affair throughout his career. Last year, in a TV interview with Gary Lineker as his country prepared to host the World Cup, he lifted the lid on what had happened. He told the story of the fit and revealed he begged the manager to let him play. 'I had a convulsion, after lunch in the afternoon. I was unconscious for three or four minutes. I don't know why. Nobody knows. Was it pressure or nerves? It could be,' he said, 'When you are there and you breathe the competition, everything is about the competition. You cannot disconnect from it. It's a lot of pressure. But I pleaded with Zagallo to let me play.' Ronaldo went on to lift the World Cup with Brazil in Japan four years later and will go down as one of the great strikers of all time, but an air of intrigue continues to hang over that afternoon's events. | France hammered Brazil 3-0 in the 1998 World Cup final on home soil . Zinedine Zidane and Emmanuel Petit scored twice against the Brazilians . Ronaldo had a fit, frothed at the mouth and shook uncontrollably . The Brazil striker was taken to hospital and left off the teamsheets . He begged manager Mario Zagallo to let him play in the final - and he did . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Tom Ince has told Gareth Southgate that he does not want to play for England Under 21s. The 23-year-old – currently on loan at Derby County from Hull City - has 18 caps for the young Three Lions and has been a key part of the set-up under Southgate. But Ince, after a discussion with dad Paul, has decided he no longer wants to be considered for selection, ruling him out of this summer’s European Championships in Czech Republic. Tom Ince has been left out of the latest England Under 21 squad by Gareth Southgate at his own request . Ince, currently on loan at Derby County, has been a regular under Southgate but will now not be selected . Southgate said: ‘I have had discussions with Tom and his dad over the last week or so and he has decided he does not want to be considered for the Under 21s. ‘I have to say I was surprised. He has obviously been a regular for us all the way through the campaign. But he feels at this moment in time he has got some priorities at club level. There is some uncertainty about where he is going to be at club level next season.’ Ince has had a whirlwind year in club football, moving from Blackpool to Hull City in a deal that involved a drawn-out £2million compensation case between the two clubs. It even looked like Ince could have moved abroad at one point with his father's former club Inter Milan said to have shown interest. He has since been on loan at Nottingham Forest and Derby in the Championship. Southgate was told that Ince did not want to be selected and sought clarification from the player and his father . Ince challenges for the ball with Middlesbrough's Lee Tomlin during Tuesday's top-of-the-table clash . Southgate was speaking at Middlesbrough's Riverside Stadium after announcing his squad for the forthcoming friendlies with Czech Republic and Germany. He has, of course, lost Harry Kane to the senior squad, but hopes to have the Spurs striker available for the Euros. ‘Myself and Roy (Hodgson) are constantly talking about that and he’s made it clear we’re able to pick any players who are eligible,' he added. ‘One or two have been up to senior team but haven’t yet established themselves. It’s nice to have them back in the fold. ‘It’s great that Harry has gone up this time – it sends a message to the rest of the squad that the pathway is there.' Southgate cannot call on Harry Kane as he is in the senior squad but the boss wants him back for the Euros . Southgate was delighted to see one of his young players reach the senior squad, showing the side's progress . | Manager Gareth Southgate named a strong England Under 21 squad . Tom Ince asked not to be included in the latest 24-man selection . Ince is currently on loan with Derby County from parent club Hull City . Winger has ruled himself out of this summer's European Championships . Decision came after a discussion with his father, former footballer Paul . |
What did ancient cultures around the Mediterranean know about electricity? | Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the "Thunderer of the Nile", and described them as the "protectors" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them.
Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing.
Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature.
Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus ("of amber" or "like amber",, elektron, the Greek word for "amber") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words "electric" and "electricity", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646.
Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges
In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his "On Physical Lines of Force" in 1861 and 1862.
While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life.
In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for "his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels.
The first solid-state device was the "cat's-whisker detector" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor.
Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948. | Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sportsmail columnist Martin Keown has picked his #one2eleven of stars he played alongside throughout his career, on The Fantasy Football Club on Sky Sports. It is little surprise the former Arsenal defender has chosen 11 players that once donned the red of the Gunners, but who makes his best line-up? Watch #one2eleven every Friday evening on The Fantasy Football Club, Sky Sports 1 or catch up On Demand. Sportsmail columnist Martin Keown (centre) has chosen his best XI he ever played with in his career . GOALKEEPER: DAVID SEAMAN . David Seaman has to be my No 1 goalkeeper. I'd come from Everton with Neville Southall. You couldn't look at Neville because if you looked at him he'd blame you if the ball was in the back of the net. But David was the complete opposite. David had really sort of soft hands. He was able to take the sting out of a shot. We had a decent defence but it was nothing without David in goal. RIGHT BACK: LEE DIXON . If I'm having to pick one, it has to be Lee Dixon. He was sort of my eyes and ears. He was almost part of my own body. I never had to look to my right because Lee was telling me everything that was going on. Arsenal's Lee Dixon (left) and Tony Adams (centre) shout at Barcelona's Phillip Cocu after a penalty incident . DEFENDER: TONY ADAMS . First bumped into him at the age of 13. Cockney lad, swaggering into the room. I was a little bit of a country bumpkin. We kind of set up a partnership in the youth team. I knew him inside out. I knew his strengths, I knew his weaknesses. He has to get into that team. There's no doubt about it. DEFENDER: SOL CAMPBELL . He turned up at Arsenal around all that publicity and expectation. It was on a train that didn't get out of the station to start with. Wenger stuck with him. Eventually once that train got going, it was unstoppable. It was a real force. He's quick, strong, could see danger. Once he was focussed, he was as good as anyone. LEFT BACK: ASHLEY COLE . Straight away I could see that this kid was going to be a bit special. Ashley would park himself around the senior players. He would listen in, he was a very, very quick learner. A real winner. Just disappointed he had to leave Arsenal early. Gunners captain Patrick Vieira lifts the FA Cup after Arsenal beat Manchester United in the final in 2005 . RIGHT WING: ROBERT PIRES . Just on another planet. The goal that stands out was at Villa Park when he knocks it over Peter Schmeichel. He'd just embarrassed a top keeper. He was just capable of that. You've got to look at what you see in training behind the scenes, and Robert Pires had people applauding the stuff he was capable of. MIDFIELDER: PATRICK VIEIRA . He was the catalyst for all the success that was to come. Without Patrick there wouldn't have been any of these trophies. I can tell you that. He pretended he couldn't speak English at the start, then everyone was talking about him, and I think he grabbed someone by the throat in the dressing room. It showed he had some fight about him. As it unfolded I became his minder. I think people could see he could react a bit and we needed him on the pitch. Absolute top talent. Still to this day he's the same person that walked through the door that very first day at Arsenal. MIDFIELDER: EMMANUEL PETIT . It was a competition between him and Patrick Vieira who was going to be man of the match. Game after game. He was a warrior that could play with that finesse and gave us that buffer whenever we had to defend. Those two in front made our lives very easy. Vieira and Emmanuel Petit celebrate during their Premier League match against Tottenham Hotspur in 1999 . LEFT WING: MARC OVERMARS . You've got to ask Gary Neville how pleased was he to see him leave. He was so quick that it was almost as if someone had picked him up and put him there. You didn't see him travel. He put fear into teams. You could just see people backing off giving him space to play in. STRIKER: DENNIS BERGKAMP . His ability. The way he could bend balls around players. Pace as well. Once he got away from you in training - I was no slouch - and you wouldn't catch him. Slow start when he came. I think he was a little bit unsure of the situation he found himself in. Again we weren't really ready. To play with Dennis was a joy. I remember Ian Wright skipping down the marble halls at Highbury when he heard Dennis was coming, because he knew that meant goals. STRIKER: THIERRY HENRY . He had that sort of textbook finish. He was more basic in his finishing. His pace. His power. You've never seen anything like it. This was a top athlete without spikes, he had football boots instead. Unbelievable. I gave him a hard time when he came, as I did with all the strikers. He had that swagger as he does now even in front of the camera. He was turning to the rest of the team: 'You better be able to stick with me.' Whereas at the start we were demanding he came with us. Those two together was an absolute nightmare and I used to giggle when I'd see them in action because I had to train against them. Thierry Henry hugs strike partner Dennis Bergkamp and the pair make Keown's best XI he played with . | Martin Keown named his #one2eleven XI on The Fantasy Football Club on Sky Sports . Eleven Arsenal players feature in Sportsmail columnist Keown's picks . Patrick Vieira, Dennis Bergkamp and Robert Pires feature, but who else? |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | More than half a million cancer patients are being let down by failings in basic care, a leading charity warns. This includes some 160,000 who are effectively left housebound because they are unable to walk, drive or use public transport. And more than 100,000 are not given enough help with routine tasks such as washing, dressing, going to the toilet or collecting their prescriptions. Shocking: More than half a million cancer patients are being let down by failings in basic care, a leading charity warns . The lack of support from the NHS and local councils is leaving patients distressed, lonely and humiliated, says the report by Macmillan. It estimates that around 512,000 patients with cancer – around one in three of the 1.6million diagnosed in the last ten years – do not get enough help. The charity says the problem is partly the fault of doctors and nurses failing to tell patients how to access extra help from the NHS, councils or voluntary organisations. But many patients who apply for extra funding from either the NHS or their local council are told they are not eligible. Macmillan’s report is based on a survey of 1,037 cancer patients and their carers. One in seven said the lack of support in attending an appointment, collecting a prescription or other basic care had led to them needing to go to hospital as their condition suddenly deteriorated. Lynda Thomas of Macmillan Cancer Support said: ‘It is heartbreaking that so many people with cancer are not getting the practical support and personal care they desperately need, too often living with constant feelings of fear, anger and isolation as a result. There is a growing recognition that social care is often vital for people living with long-term conditions.’ Lacking support: Macmillan estimates that around 512,000 patients with cancer do not get enough help . Cancer patients are too often assumed to have all their needs met by the NHS, because they are thought to require purely medical care, she added. ‘The findings debunk this unfair myth. They show that people with cancer have needs which are far more widespread than we had even realised and that sadly the health and social care systems are too often failing to provide basic support.’ Lisa Grice, 55, from Cheshire, who has womb cancer, said: ‘There was no support after I was discharged. I felt as if I was alone in dealing with everything. I was in a wheelchair, unable to wash myself or use the loo properly, and I felt very depressed.’ Frank Spurrock, 63, a retired teacher from Folkestone, Kent, is housebound for most of the week unless a friend or relative is free to help. He has a brain tumour and is mostly in a wheelchair. His partner works in London to support them and the only time he can get out is at weekends. Yet he was told by his local council he was not eligible for funding to pay for a carer because he has a pension. Macmillan has repeatedly warned that the health service is struggling to cope with the rising numbers of patients with cancer. NHS England said: ‘We are diagnosing and treating more people with cancer than ever before, and as a result more people than ever are surviving. ‘But with this comes a greater need to provide patients with practical and emotional support outside of the hospital setting – which is why we’re putting an unprecedented focus on better integrating health and social care services across the country.’ | Over 100,000 not given enough help with routine tasks such as washing . Lack of support from NHS and local councils is leaving patients distressed . Figures from leading charity paint shocking picture of cancer patient care . Macmillan says the problem is partly the fault of doctors and nurses . |
Who are the big six in EPL? | The years following 2009 marked a shift in the structure of the "Top Four" with Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City both breaking into the top four places on a regular basis, turning the "Top Four" into the "Big Six". In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton five years prior. Criticism of the gap between an elite group of "super clubs" and the majority of the Premier League has continued, nevertheless, due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs. Manchester City won the title in the 2011–12 season, becoming the first club outside the "Big Four" to win since Blackburn Rovers in the 1994–95 season. That season also saw two of the "Big Four" (Chelsea and Liverpool) finish outside the top four places for the first time since that season.
With only four UEFA Champions League qualifying places available in the league, greater competition for qualification now exists, albeit from a narrow base of six clubs. In the five seasons following the 2011–12 campaign, Manchester United and Liverpool both found themselves outside of the top four three times, while Chelsea finished 10th in the 2015–16 season. Arsenal finished 5th in 2016–17, ending their record run of 20 consecutive top-four finishes.
In the 2015–16 season, the top four was breached by a non-Big Six side for the first time since Everton in 2005. Leicester City were the surprise winners of the league, qualifying for the Champions League as a result. | Arsenal, Liverpool, Manchester United, Chelsea, Manchester City and Tottenham are known as the big six in the English Premier League. |
Given this paragraph about hockey what are different surfaces that hockey is played on? | Hockey is a term used to denote a family of various types of both summer and winter team sports which originated on either an outdoor field, sheet of ice, or dry floor such as in a gymnasium. While these sports vary in specific rules, numbers of players, apparel and, notably, playing surface, they share broad characteristics of two opposing teams using a stick to propel a ball or disk into a goal. | Hockey can refer to Ice Hockey, Field Hockey, or Ball Hockey. Each are played on a different surface like a sheet of ice, a gymnasium floor, or an outdoor field. |
Given this paragraph about Dartmouth College traditions, which homecoming-related traditions are illegal? | Dartmouth Night starts the college's traditional "Homecoming" weekend with an evening of speeches, a parade, and a bonfire. Traditionally, the freshman class builds the bonfire and then runs around it a set number of times in concordance with their class year; the class of 2009 performed 109 circuits, the class of 1999 performed 99, etc. The College officially discourages a number of student traditions of varying degrees of antiquity. During the circling of the bonfire, upperclassmen encourage the freshmen to "touch the fire", an action legally considered trespassing and prohibited by police officials present. At halftime of the Homecoming football game on the Saturday of the weekend, some upperclassmen encourage freshman to "rush the field", although no upperclassman has seen a significant rush since several injuries sustained during the 1986 rush prompted the school to ban the practice. Among the two or three students who sometimes run across the field, those who are arrested are charged with trespassing (the independent newspaper The Dartmouth Review claimed to set up a fund to automatically pay any fines associated with freshman who rush the field.) However, in 2012 this was proven false when two students rushed the field and were arrested for disorderly conduct. The Dartmouth Review ignored their emails until finally replying and denying that this fund had ever existed. These students then had to pay $300 fines out of pocket. For the 2011 Homecoming game, however, over 40 members of the Class of 2015 rushed the field at homecoming without any action taken by Safety and Security or the Hanover Police Department. | Touching the bonfire, and rushing the football field during halftime of the homecoming game |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Real Madrid are confident of wrapping up a deal for Porto right back Danilo. The Brazilian has been watched by all the top sides in Europe over the past season but Madrid have made a determined push to sign him over recent weeks. The Spanish giants are now poised to agree a deal in the summer worth around £27million. Danilo, in action last month for Porto against Vitoria, is close to completing a £27million move to Real Madrid . The Brazilian right back (left) puts in a challenge on former Benfica midfielder Nemanja Matic last January . The 23-year-old (left) puts in a strong challenge on Man City midfielder Yaya Toure back in February 2012 . Manchester United, City, Paris Saint-Germain, Bayern Munich and Barcelona have all been linked with a move, but the 23-year-old is keen on a move to the Bernabeu. Danilo's contract has 16 months left to run and Porto have made attempts to get him to agree a new deal. However, his representatives met with Madrid officials last week and held further talks with Porto to underline the player's wish to leave. | Real Madrid are hopeful of signing Porto right back Danilo this summer . The Spanish giants are close to tying up a £27m deal for the 23-year-old . There has been interest from all across Europe in the Brazilian youngster . Manchester United, Barcelona and Bayern Munich, among others, have all been linked with the highly-rated defender . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England are the embarrassment of the World Cup after a third humiliating defeat in three matches against Australia, New Zealand and Sri Lanka. Sportsmail's panel of experts — Nasser Hussain, David Lloyd, cricket correspondent Paul Newman and cricket writer and Wisden editor Lawrence Booth — discuss the big questions arising from another World Cup failure. England captain Eoin Morgan plays a shot during the World Cup match against Sri Lanka in Wellington . England Gary Ballance (front) loses his wicket to Sri Lanka's Tillakaratne Dilshan during the World Cup match . Is there any hope left for England at this World Cup? Nasser Hussain: If there is, it's because of the ridiculous format of this tournament. They should beat Bangladesh and Afghanistan, but the best we can hope for is some one-off brilliance in the quarter-final. Paul Newman: You would think not and yet the flawed format still gives them every chance of facing India, a team they have beaten in their past two meetings, in a quarter-final in Melbourne. That should not be possible after the way England have stunk the tournament out. Lawrence Booth: The bare minimum for them was a quarter-final. Now, if either Bangladesh or Afghanistan have a good day, they may not even make that. They've had four years to prepare, yet look further off the pace than ever. David Lloyd: Realistically, no. It's sad to see so much effort going into plans and strategy that just do not fit in modern international cricket. I've never seen a team leave the ball so much in the one-day game. If there's any width other teams just whack it. Joe Root bats for England during their match against Sri Lanka at Wellington Regional Stadium . England have slumped to three straight World Cup defeats against Australia, New Zealand and Sri Lanka . Can anything be done in the short-term? Hussain: They need variety in their bowling, and a more attacking No 3. If they get through to a quarter-final on a drop-in wicket against India or South Africa, four 85mph right-arm seamers aren't going to surprise anyone. Ravi Bopara offers something different, and Tredwell is England's best off-spinner. And I'd get Hales in for Ballance. Newman: They must play Alex Hales. Why not? Gary Ballance should not be learning the ropes in the biggest limited-overs tournament of all. England just do not seem to rate Hales and if that is the case what is he doing here? If he does not play in Adelaide on Monday they might as well send him home. And get Jos Buttler in earlier. Leaving him just 19 balls against Sri Lanka was criminal. Booth: They've got to stop going on about stats, which mean little in the new era of fielding restrictions, and go for broke with players who scare the opposition. Hales springs to mind. They should also pick their best spinner, James Tredwell, because four right-arm seamers aren't doing the job. Lloyd: Hales can be brought in but don't expect him to start blasting it. If he was a success from the word go it would be a bonus. So many people in the game say he should have been in the 50-over team for the past 18 months! England batsman Jos Buttler ducks a delivery against Sri Lanka at the Wellington Regional Stadium . Sri Lanka batsman Lahiru Thirimanne (left) dives to make his crease just in time against England . And what about the long-term? Hussain: There's no easy fix. But I wish selectors would show faith in their one-day players like in Test cricket: look at how they backed Joe Root. Give Hales 20 one- dayers to see what he's made of. Newman: Rip it up and start again. England need to work towards as separate a one-day team as possible, leaving Jimmy Anderson and Stuart Broad, to name two, to focus on Tests. Bring in the likes of Sam Billings, Jason Roy and Ben Stokes and keep them together, ideally under a different coach working on modern limited-overs skills. Perhaps Paul Farbrace, who won the Asia Cup and World T20 with Sri Lanka, could step up while Peter Moores concentrates on Tests. I know split coaches didn't work last time but England prioritised Test cricket then. They have to give equal billing to 50 and 20-over cricket from now. Booth: England have to accept, finally, that the game has changed, and back more youngsters — the likes of Roy and James Vince. But the problem runs deeper: England is inherently a Test nation. Until they take 50-over cricket seriously, they'll always flop at World Cups. Lloyd: England need to show imagination in selection. Think about the words 'dynamic' and 'power' and pick the team accordingly. I'll throw in three names: Stokes, Roy and Adil Rashid. I'd implore England to look at how other teams are doing it — people like Aussie Glenn Maxwell, Corey Anderson of New Zealand and the dynamic Australian duo of David Warner and Aaron Finch. They show absolutely no fear at all. Sam Billings (pictured in January 2015) has been backed by Paul Newman to help reinvent the England set-up . 24-year-old Jason Roy (pictured playing for Surrey in June 2014), is another name being mooted for England . What do you think of Eoin Morgan as captain? Hussain: I've been disappointed with the way he's become infected with management-speak. Here's a player whose flair and inventiveness made him what he is. Instead, he's talking about statistics. But you do need a plan, and a captain's only as good as his bowling attack. Newman: Disappointing so far. Still looks out of form with the bat, hasn't been the pro-active, imaginative leader we hoped and seems to be in denial. He should be criticised for playing in the IPL rather than leading England against Ireland in May. If he doesn't want the captaincy, give it to Root. Booth: He has a bit more about him tactically than Alastair Cook. Morgan was given just the tri-series in Australia to prepare. What did the ECB expect? Lloyd: I like Morgan immensely but I shudder at the interviews he's giving. He's just talking statistics all the time! Forget stats — if we've got the players to make an impact, let them play in a different style, on instinct. He must also show more imagination in the field. Morgan's form for England has come under particular scrutiny during England's woeful World Cup campaign . Does Moores still have much to prove as coach? Hussain: Yes, lots. He's partly a victim of England's one-day struggles, but it's a worry to see some players going backwards. Turning round the Test series against India was to his credit, but he'll be judged on the rest of this World Cup and the Ashes later this year. Newman: I so want him to succeed, but there are worrying signs he looks out of his depth at international level. The players seem to like and respect him but he does not seem to be inspiring them. Booth: He has everything to prove. He was lucky to be re-appointed and results have mainly been poor. He inherited a shambles but at some point that stops being relevant. Lloyd: Peter is ageing by the day. I hope he is looking at what other coaches like Darren Lehmann and Mike Hesson are doing with Australia and New Zealand. Don't have any regard for reputations — swing from the hip. England's disappointing World Cup has raised questions over the future of coach Peter Moores . Can Kevin Pietersen really play for England again? Hussain: I've always believed in picking the best side, then man-managing it. But I feel there's too much baggage with KP now. Also, he's not the player he once was. If he was 24, rather than 34, you might give him another go. But the focus should be on England's one-day team, not Pietersen. Newman: Well, what a can of worms incoming ECB chairman Colin Graves opened. The suggestion is that nothing has changed regarding Pietersen but Graves' clumsy words undermined the management while the ECB's attempt to distance themselves from his comments by talking about 'positive influences' just made it worse. Booth: Would he really have saved England at the World Cup? He played nine ODIs in 2013 and averaged 28. And he'll be 35 soon. I loved watching him, but let's not pretend he's a panacea. Lloyd: If it is going to happen Kevin must be playing county cricket — red-ball and white-ball. If he commits to the English game and scores heavily then he should be back in the mix. Whether or not Kevin Pietersen should return to the England set-up remains a hotly contested debate . Sportsmail experts are skeptical that 34-year-old Pietersen's return would necessarily improve England . | Sportsmail cricket experts give their views on England's World Cup woes . England have lost three games and won one at the World Cup . Captain Eoin Morgan has come under particular scrutiny . Kevin Pietersen's potential England return remains a heated debate . |
What does Avici stand for | Avīci or Avici (Sanskrit and Pali for "without waves"; Chinese: 無間地獄 or 阿鼻地獄; Japanese: 無間地獄 or 阿鼻地獄; Burmese: အဝီစိငရဲ) is one of the hells (naraka) in Hinduism and Buddhism. In Hinduism, it is one of the twenty-eight hells located in the kingdom of Yama, where individuals are reborn for bearing false witness and outright lying while transacting business or giving charity. In Buddhism, it is the lowest level of the Naraka or "hell" realm, with the most suffering, into which the dead who have committed grave misdeeds may be reborn. It is said to be a cube 20,000 yojanas (240,000 to 300,000 kilometers) on each side, buried deep underneath the divine (nonvisible) earth. Avīci is often translated into English as "interminable" or "incessant", referring to suffering without periods of respite, although it is believed to be ultimately impermanent. | There was a famous Swedish DJ called Avicii and there is Avici that is one of the hells (naraka) in Hinduism and Buddhism. In Hinduism, it is one of the twenty-eight hells located in the kingdom of Yama, where individuals are reborn for bearing false witness and outright lying while transacting business or giving charity.
In Buddhism, it is the lowest level of the Naraka or "hell" realm, with the most suffering, into which the dead who have committed grave misdeeds may be reborn. It is said to be a cube 20,000 yojanas (240,000 to 300,000 kilometers) on each side, buried deep underneath the divine (nonvisible) earth. Avici is often translated into English as "interminable" or "incessant", referring to suffering without periods of respite, although it is believed to be ultimately impermanent. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A key Al-Shabaab operative, who was connected to the Westgate mall attack in Kenya, was killed recently by a U.S. drone strike, the Pentagon announced Wednesday. Adan Garar, a member of Al-Shabaab's intelligence and security wing, was killed Thursday in southwestern Somalia as he traveled in a vehicle, according to Pentagon news release. Garar was responsible for "coordinating the terror group's external operations, which target U.S. persons and other Western interests in order to further al Qaeda's goals and objectives," the Pentagon said in the statement. In September, Al-Shabaab leader Ahmed Abdi Godane was also killed in a U.S. airstrike near Barawe city. Al-Shabaab has been blamed and taken responsibility for attacks on city streets, at markets, at prisons and a U.N. compound in Mogadishu. It's most high-profile attack came in 2013 at Nairobi's upscale Westgate mall, when terrorists casually walked into the building, pulled out weapons and began gunning down shoppers. The gunmen were accused of torturing some hostages before killing them. As many as 67 people died in the siege. | Adan Garar, connected to the 2013 Westgate mall attack in Kenya, was riding in a vehicle that was struck from the air . He was killed in southwestern Somalia, the U.S. military said . |
Which companies did Theranos partner with in 2015? | In 2012 Safeway invested $350 million into retrofitting 800 locations with clinics that would offer in-store blood tests. After many missed deadlines and questionable results from a trial clinic at Safeway's corporate offices, the deal was terminated in 2015. In 2013, Theranos partnered with Walgreens to offer in-store blood tests at more than 40 locations. Although Theranos blood tests were reportedly used on drug trial patients for GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer, both companies stated that there were no active projects with Theranos in October 2015. In June 2016, Walgreens terminated its partnership with Theranos. In November 2016 it filed suit against Theranos in federal court in Delaware for breach of contract. In June 2017, Theranos reported to investors that the suit, which originally sought $140 million in damages, was settled for less than $30 million.
In March 2015 the Cleveland Clinic announced a partnership with Theranos to test its technology and decrease the cost of lab tests. In July 2015, Theranos became the lab-work provider for Pennsylvania insurers AmeriHealth Caritas and Capital Blue Cross.
In July 2015 the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of the company's fingerstick blood testing device for the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) outside a clinical laboratory setting. Theranos was named the 2015 Bioscience Company of the Year by the Arizona BioIndustry Association (AzBio). | Theranos partnered with Cleveland Clinic in March 2015 to test its technology and decrease the cost of lab tests. In July 2015, Theranos became the lab-work provider for Pennsylvania insurers AmeriHealth Caritas and Capital Blue Cross. |
Who was chairman of the board of directors of Tesla as of March 2004? | The company was incorporated as Tesla Motors, Inc. on July 1, 2003, by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. Eberhard and Tarpenning served as CEO and CFO, respectively. Eberhard said he wanted to build "a car manufacturer that is also a technology company", with its core technologies as "the battery, the computer software, and the proprietary motor".
Ian Wright was Tesla's third employee, joining a few months later. In February 2004, the company raised $7.5 million in series A funding, including $6.5 million from Elon Musk, who had received $100 million from the sale of his interest in PayPal two years earlier. Musk became the chairman of the board of directors and the largest shareholder of Tesla. J. B. Straubel joined Tesla in May 2004 as chief technical officer.
A lawsuit settlement agreed to by Eberhard and Tesla in September 2009 allows all five – Eberhard, Tarpenning, Wright, Musk, and Straubel – to call themselves co-founders. | Elon Musk |
What is money | Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio-economic context. The primary functions which distinguish money are as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, a store of value and sometimes, a standard of deferred payment.
Money was historically an emergent market phenomenon that possess intrinsic value as a commodity; nearly all contemporary money systems are based on unbacked fiat money without use value. Its value is consequently derived by social convention, having been declared by a government or regulatory entity to be legal tender; that is, it must be accepted as a form of payment within the boundaries of the country, for "all debts, public and private", in the case of the United States dollar.
The money supply of a country comprises all currency in circulation (banknotes and coins currently issued) and, depending on the particular definition used, one or more types of bank money (the balances held in checking accounts, savings accounts, and other types of bank accounts). Bank money, whose value exists on the books of financial institutions and can be converted into physical notes or used for cashless payment, forms by far the largest part of broad money in developed countries. | Money is a medium of physically or virtually providing a measure of value, store of value and a medium of exchange. Money is a unit of account and a standard of deferred payment. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Modou Barrow is set to join Nottingham Forest on loan until the end of the season. The 22-year-old is expected to complete the move in the coming days, with Swansea manager Garry Monk keen for the winger to get first-team football. Sportsmail understands an agreement has been reached, but paperwork for the deal has not been completed. Swansea City's Modou Barrow is expected to join Nottingham Forest on loan until the end of the season . The 22-year-old winger is expected to complete the move in the coming days . Barrow joined Swansea from Swedish club Ostersunds last September and quickly landed an improved four-year contract last month. Club staff have been deeply impressed by his progress, but having made only one Premier League start this season it has been deemed necessary to send him to the Championship club for extra experience. Barrow's only Premier League start came against Sunderland at the Liberty Stadium on February 7. | Modou Barrow is closing in on move to City Ground in next few days . The 22-year-old has made one Premier League start for the Swans . Garry Monk is keen for Barrow to get first-team football under his belt . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Luton Town striker Elliot Lee celebrated scoring against Wycombe Wanderers on Tuesday night with a touching tribute to his friend, former West Ham United forward Dylan Tombides. Tombides died in April last year after a battle with testicular cancer and Lee, a friend of the tragic Hammers youngster, showed off a message under his shirt after his seventh-minute equaliser. The 20-year-old is on loan at Kenilworth Road from West Ham and has also been wearing the No 38 shirt, the same squad number as Tombides had during his time at Upton Park. Elliot Lee (right) showed off a vest as a tribute to his friend Dylan Tombides when scoring for Luton Town . The shirt reads 'For you Dyl, gone but never forgotten' and was shown when he scored on Tuesday night . Tombides died after a struggle with testicular cancer last year in April after a long battle . The vest, shown during the live televised visit of Wycombe, read: 'For you Dyl, gone but never forgotten,' with a picture of the Australian striker who died aged 20. Kenilworth Road has also been renamed 'The Prostate Cancer UK Stadium' for the evening in a partnership with the charity that shares the name. it is the first time a Football League club's stadium has been renamed in support of a charity. Lee later grabbed a second equaliser for Luton but Alfie Mawson crashed in Wanderers' third goal after earlier strikes by Sam Saunders and Paul Hayes, from a penalty. Tombides died last April after being diagnosed with cancer three years previously. Tributes to him poured in, with the DT38 Foundation formed to raise awareness and provide support for those suffering with testicular cancer. Tributes poured in for 20-year-old Tombides after his tragic death, a foundation has been subsequently set up . | West Ham youngster Dylan Tombides died from cancer in April last year . Elliot Lee is on loan at Luton from the Hammers and prepared a tribute . He showed a picture of Tombides on a vest against Wycombe Wanderers on Tuesday with the message: 'For you Dyl, gone but never forgotten' Lee wears No 38 at Luton, Tombides' old squad number at West Ham . Alfie Mawson scored third goal in 3-2 win for promotion-chasing Wycombe . |
What is the difference between the right and left side of the brain? | The lateralization of brain function is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other. The median longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum. Although the macrostructure of the two hemispheres appears to be almost identical, different composition of neuronal networks allows for specialized function that is different in each hemisphere. | The lateralization of brain function is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other. The median longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum. Although the macrostructure of the two hemispheres appears to be almost identical, different composition of neuronal networks allows for specialized function that is different in each hemisphere.
Lateralization of brain structures is based on general trends expressed in healthy patients; however, there are numerous counterexamples to each generalization. Each human's brain develops differently, leading to unique lateralization in individuals. This is different from specialization, as lateralization refers only to the function of one structure divided between two hemispheres. Specialization is much easier to observe as a trend, since it has a stronger anthropological history.
The best example of an established lateralization is that of Broca's and Wernicke's areas, where both are often found exclusively on the left hemisphere. Function lateralization, such as semantics, intonation, accentuation, and prosody, has since been called into question and largely been found to have a neuronal basis in both hemispheres. Another example is that each hemisphere in the brain tends to represent one side of the body. In the cerebellum, this is the same body side, but in the forebrain this is predominantly the contralateral side.
Language functions such as grammar, vocabulary and literal meaning are typically lateralized to the left hemisphere, especially in right-handed individuals. While language production is left-lateralized in up to 90% of right-handers, it is more bilateral, or even right-lateralized, in approximately 50% of left-handers.
Broca's area and Wernicke's area, associated with the production of speech and comprehension of speech, respectively, are located in the left cerebral hemisphere for about 95% of right-handers but about 70% of left-handers. 69 Individuals who speak multiple languages demonstrate separate speech areas for each language.
The processing of basic sensory information is lateralized by being divided into left and right sides of the body or the space around the body.
In vision, about half the neurons of the optic nerve from each eye cross to project to the opposite hemisphere, and about half do not cross to project to the hemisphere on the same side. This means that the left side of the visual field is processed largely by the visual cortex of the right hemisphere and vice versa for the right side of the visual field.
In hearing, about 90% of the neurons of the auditory nerve from one ear cross to project to the auditory cortex of the opposite hemisphere.
In the sense of touch, most of the neurons from the skin cross to project to the somatosensory cortex of the opposite hemisphere.
Because of this functional division of the left and right sides of the body and of the space that surrounds it, the processing of information in the sensory cortices is essentially identical. That is, the processing of visual and auditory stimuli, spatial manipulation, facial perception, and artistic ability are represented bilaterally. Numerical estimation, comparison and online calculation depend on bilateral parietal regions while exact calculation and fact retrieval are associated with left parietal regions, perhaps due to their ties to linguistic processing.
Rather than just being a series of places where different brain modules occur, there are running similarities in the kind of function seen in each side, for instance how right-side impairment of drawing ability making patients draw the parts of the subject matter with wholly incoherent relationships, or where the kind of left-side damage seen in language impairment not damaging the patient's ability to catch the significance of intonation in speech. This has led British psychiatrist Iain McGilchrist to view the two hemispheres as having different value systems, where the left hemisphere tends to reduce complex matters such as ethics to rules and measures, and the right hemisphere is disposed to the holistic and metaphorical.
Depression is linked with a hyperactive right hemisphere. The delusional misidentification syndromes, reduplicative paramnesia and Capgras delusion are also often the result of right hemisphere lesions.
Damage to either the right or left hemisphere, and its resulting deficits provide insight into the function of the damaged area. Left hemisphere damage has many effects on language production and perception. Damage or lesions to the right hemisphere can result in a lack of emotional prosody or intonation when speaking. Right hemisphere damage also has grave effects on understanding discourse. People with damage to the right hemisphere have a reduced ability to generate inferences, comprehend and produce main concepts, and a reduced ability to manage alternative meanings. Furthermore, people with right hemisphere damage often exhibit discourse that is abrupt and perfunctory or verbose and excessive. They can also have pragmatic deficits in situations of turn taking, topic maintenance and shared knowledge.
Lateral brain damage can also affect visual perceptual spatial resolution. People with left hemisphere damage may have impaired perception of high resolution, or detailed, aspects of an image. People with right hemisphere damage may have impaired perception of low resolution, or big picture, aspects of an image.
If a specific region of the brain, or even an entire hemisphere, is injured or destroyed, its functions can sometimes be assumed by a neighboring region in the same hemisphere or the corresponding region in the other hemisphere, depending upon the area damaged and the patient's age. When injury interferes with pathways from one area to another, alternative (indirect) connections may develop to communicate information with detached areas, despite the inefficiencies.
Broca's aphasia is a specific type of expressive aphasia and is so named due to the aphasia that results from damage or lesions to the Broca's area of the brain, that exists most commonly in the left inferior frontal hemisphere. Thus, the aphasia that develops from the lack of functioning of the Broca's area is an expressive and non-fluent aphasia. It is called 'non-fluent' due to the issues that arise because Broca's area is critical for language pronunciation and production. The area controls some motor aspects of speech production and articulation of thoughts to words and as such lesions to the area result in specific non-fluent aphasia.
Wernicke's aphasia is the result of damage to the area of the brain that is commonly in the left hemisphere above the Sylvian fissure. Damage to this area causes primarily a deficit in language comprehension. While the ability to speak fluently with normal melodic intonation is spared, the language produced by a person with Wernicke's aphasia is riddled with semantic errors and may sound nonsensical to the listener. Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by phonemic paraphasias, neologism or jargon. Another characteristic of a person with Wernicke's aphasia is that they are unconcerned by the mistakes that they are making.
Terence Hines states that the research on brain lateralization is valid as a research program, though commercial promoters have applied it to promote subjects and products far outside the implications of the research. For example, the implications of the research have no bearing on psychological interventions such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and neurolinguistic programming, brain-training equipment, or management training.
Some popularizations oversimplify the science about lateralization, by presenting the functional differences between hemispheres as being more absolute than is actually the case. Interestingly, research has shown quite opposite function of brain lateralisation, i.e. left hemisphere creatively and chaotically links between concepts and right hemisphere tends to adhere to specific date and time, although generally adhering to the pattern of left-brain as linguistic interpretation and right brain as spatio-temporal.
In the 19th century and to a lesser extent the 20th, it was thought that each side of the brain was associated with a specific gender: the left corresponding with masculinity and the right with femininity and each half could function independently. The right side of the brain was seen as the inferior and thought to be prominent in women, savages, children, criminals, and the insane. A prime example of this in fictional literature can be seen in Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Seven points. All that separates Premier League leaders Chelsea and third-placed Arsenal, two sides who, up until the last couple of months, were deemed to be having wildly contrasting seasons. How times change. The Gunners are on a hot streak and the champions-in-waiting are stuttering, having drawn their last two league games at fortress Stamford Bridge. Manchester City still sit second despite Saturday evening's deflating defeat by Burnley but Manuel Pellegrini's men are out of form and look increasingly unlikely to retain their crown. Arsenal's players celebrate after Mathieu Flamini's goal in their 3-0 win against West Ham on Saturday . Chelsea captain John Terry looks dejected after his side's 1-1 draw with Southampton on Sunday . Hull (away) - March 22 . Stoke (home) - April 4 . QPR (away) - April 12 . Man United (home) - April 18 . Arsenal (away) - April 26 . Leicester (away) - April 29 . Crystal Palace (home) - May 2 . Liverpool (home) - May 9 . West Brom (away) - May 16 . Sunderland (home) - May 24 . Newcastle (away) - March 21 . Liverpool (home) - April 4 . Burnley (away) - April 11 . Sunderland (home) April 18 *Postponed . Chelsea (home) - April 26 . Hull (away) - May 2 . Swansea (home) - May 9 . Man United (away) - May 16 . West Brom (home) - May 24 . *Due to FA Cup . That leaves Arsene Wenger's side as the biggest threat to Chelsea, something which seemed almost unthinkable come the final hours of New Year's Day. Arsenal fell to sixth on January 1 after a woeful 2-0 defeat by fellow Champions League chasers Southampton, a result best remembered for two Wojciech Szczesny howlers. But, with summer signing David Ospina establishing himself as the club's No 1, the Gunners have been on an upward trajectory ever since. Arsenal overcame a 12-point deficit to beat Manchester United to the Premier League table in May 1998 . The Gunners secured the 1997-98 title with a 4-0 win over Everton at Highbury, lifting the title that day . VIDEO Arsenal still not in title race - Wenger . One league defeat - albeit to north London rivals Tottenham - is the only blot on their record since that forgettable day at St Mary's, while a return of 24 points from a possible 27 is the best in the division. Saturday's comfortable 3-0 win against West Ham was Arsenal's eighth consecutive victory at home, a feat they last achieved at Highbury in 2005. And that run, combined with Chelsea's lacklustre 1-1 draw with Southampton on Sunday, left Jose Mourinho admitting that the north Londoners can be considered title challengers. 'Of course Arsenal are in it,' he said. 'They are seven points behind Chelsea, but have one less match to play than Chelsea. The only defeat in Arsenal's last nine league games came against Tottenham; they've won the other eight . Jose Mourinho (right) has a lot of history with Wenger, and he still believes Arsenal have a chance . 'Both City and Arsenal are in the title race. It depends on the momentum for Arsenal - the 3-1 defeat against Monaco or the 3-0 defeat against West Ham? 'So the danger is always there. But I keep saying, we are there. If someone had told me in August that, at the end of March, we'd be six points in front with a match in hand, I'd have signed for that immediately.' Mourinho is a master of mind games and may well have been attempting to pile pressure on Olivier Giroud and Co ahead of a crucial nine-match run-in. But the fact remains that Arsenal - and Wenger in particular - have history when it comes to late title charges. Just cast your mind back to March 1998. Arsenal trained on Monday in preparation for their Champions League game against Monaco on Tuesday . Arsenal lost the first leg 3-1, and will be focused solely on the Premier League if they get knocked out . The Gunners were 12 points behind Manchester United and had three games in hand with a little over two months of the season remaining but went on a magnificent 10-match winning run to wrap up the title with two games to spare. The task this time around is undoubtedly more difficult, particularly given Chelsea's extra game, but Arsenal's superb home form and some favourable fixtures should at least offer fans some hope. As well as having an opportunity to claw back three points against the leaders at the Emirates on April 26, they also have games against struggling Newcastle, Burnley, Hull and Sunderland to look forward to. Ian Wright (left) plants a kiss on the cheek of Arsenal captain Tony Adams after winning the 97-98 title . Marc Overmars scored twice against Everton to help Arsenal to the title in 98... but can they do it this season? A home clash with in-form Liverpool next month and a trip to Manchester United in the season's penultimate fixture will be tough, although last week's FA Cup win at Old Trafford should fill Wenger's squad with confidence. Chelsea also have some games they will relish but the visits of United and Liverpool to Stamford Bridge at least offer potential for Mourinho's men to drop points. It will need to be some slip-up for Arsenal to take advantage like they did 17 years ago but Wenger's men - who could well be free of Champions League football this week - should not be discounted. It might not be the title race we expected two-and-a-half months ago but Chelsea cannot breathe easy just yet. | Arsenal are seven points behind Premier League leaders Chelsea . The Gunners host their London rivals at the Emirates on April 26 . Arsene Wenger's side overcame a 12-point deficit to win the title in 1998 . Jose Mourinho insists Arsenal and Manchester City are both in the race . READ: Chelsea have dropped an average of 8.6 points during their final 10 games over the last decade . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Being in the right place at the right time is a mark of a successful Formula One driver — a truism that will almost certainly lead Lewis Hamilton to agree a new deal at Mercedes, possibly within the week. The double world champion has chosen shrewdly throughout his career by hitching himself to McLaren in the early years and then moving to Mercedes for the 2013 season, despite the aristocracy of British motor racing advising him to stick with his existing team. The importance of making the correct decision was reinforced on the podium after Sunday’s Malaysian Grand Prix, when he saw Sebastian Vettel on the top step after the German’s own successful move from Red Bull to Ferrari. Lewis Hamilton sits on the podium alongside Sebastian Vettel after he claimed his first victory for Ferrari . Hamilton, out of contract at the end of the season, says his new Mercedes deal will be completed this week . Hamilton, who finished second, also thought of Fernando Alonso, whose career management has been disastrous since he left Renault in 2005, the year he won the last of his two world titles. The Spaniard then walked out on McLaren when he could have won a third championship, went back to Renault as a stop-gap, joined Ferrari while it was moribund and returned to McLaren this season as they are slowly coming to terms with new engine partners Honda. Alonso managed less than half of Sunday’s race before a cooling problem intervened. Vettel, in only his second race for Ferrari, won in the car Alonso had just vacated. ‘It’s nice to see Ferrari back up,’ said Hamilton. ‘I sat next to Sebastian and thought to myself, “What is Fernando thinking?” I remember when I left McLaren and came here, we were better the next year. I had a good feeling then, but he’s almost done the opposite of what I did. It could have been him today. It’s just strange how things turn out. Hamilton finished behind race-winner Vettel in Sepang but still remains in the lead of the world championship . Hamilton led Vettel off the start-line at the Malaysian Grand Prix but eventually lost out to the German . ‘McLaren are a fantastic team. It looks bad now but I’m sure they’ll get it together. Before you know it, it will be the three of us fighting, I’m pretty sure.’ Alonso’s predicament is a terrible shame because he was the heir who supplanted Michael Schumacher as the German approached his first retirement in 2009. Hamilton, 30, does not want to fall into the same trap, and says he is ready to sign a new contract with Mercedes for three more years beyond this season. The tantalising prospect of his joining Ferrari, where he is hugely admired by president Sergio Marchionne, seems remote. They have Vettel and Hamilton is already part of a top team. No matter Sunday’s result — Hamilton beaten on pure pace by Vettel’s Ferrari — Mercedes are the team of the moment. Asked about signing for Ferrari, Hamilton said: ‘No, don’t be silly. My contract at Mercedes should be done this week. There’s no reason why not. Honestly, it’s 99.6 per cent done.’ Hamilton is expected to earn more than his current annual £20million salary when he pens his new deal . The exact terms of drivers’ contracts are kept secret, but it is thought that Hamilton will get more than his current annual £20million salary, though probably not match Vettel’s deal at Ferrari, which could be worth up to £35m if he collects all his bonuses and extras. The Mercedes board want their team to be cost-efficient and will not pay the Earth even for a driver of Hamilton’s talent. As well as tying up the contract, Mercedes will spend the fortnight before the next race in China responding to the Ferrari challenge. It is believed that the cooler temperatures expected in Shanghai will favour Mercedes, but at least their defeat after eight successive wins relieved the monotony. ‘I don’t think Ferrari’s win is a one-off,’ said Hamilton. ‘I don’t think they were lucky or it was a fluke. There’s always talk that they are easier on their tyres. ‘I think we’ll manage. We’ve got a great group of people, a great approach, and from this we’ll take a step back. ‘Second for me and third for Nico (Rosberg) is still good but they’re too close to us in the championship, so we’ll work very hard to analyse. It was not a kick; it was a pinch. We have now got a race on our hands.’ That is good news for the sport and hope for all the teams. | Lewis Hamilton says his Mercedes deal should be finalised in coming days . The Briton, who leads the F1 championship, says it is '99.6 per cent done' Hamilton, out of contract with Mercedes at the end of the season, rubbished any suggestion he could join rivals Ferrari . CLICK HERE for all the latest Formula One news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A birdie at the last earned Ryan Moore a third-round 67 and a one-shot lead at the Valspar Championship in Florida. The American carded four birdies in a flawless round to hold a narrow advantage over Jordan Spieth. He went through the first 12 holes in level par before picking up shots at the 13th, 14th, 16th and 18th to move on to nine under par for the tournament . Ryan Moore played well on the third day to move into a one-shot lead going into the final round . Moore carded four birdies in the final six holes to move ahead of Jordan Spieth at the head of the field . Spieth went round in a three-under 68, with four birdies and a bogey, with a third American, Derek Ernst, on seven under following a 69. Sean O'Hair was three shots off the pace in fourth place after shooting 69 ahead of a group of three on five under, Patrick Reed, Matt Kuchar and Henrik Stenson. Scotland's Russell Knox was the highest-placed Briton, in a tie for 10th on three under after a 70. England's Ian Poulter crashed completely out of contention, carding a four-over 75 to slip back to level par. Spieth is one shot back after a three-under-par round of 68 and will be confident going into the final day . Ian Poulter plays out of a bunker during a round of four over par that saw him fall off the pace . | Ryan Moore cards a round of 67 to lead by one shot from Jordan Spieth . Sean O'Hair, Matt Kuchar and Henrik Stenson still within reach . Ian Poulter shoots shocking 75 to fall away before final round . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Australian wicketkeeper Matthew Wade unveiled a tattoo of the late Phillip Hughes on his arm after his state of Victoria won the domestic Sheffield Shield competition. The 27-year-old showed off the touching tribute to his former international team-mate, who tragically died late last year after being hit on the side of the head by a bouncer. Wade was celebrating Victoria's 29th Sheffield Shield first-class title after they drew with Western Australia at the Bellerive Oval in Hobart. Australian wicketkeeper Matthew Wade unveiled a tattoo of Phillip Hughes on his arm . Wade (right) and Victoria coach Greg Shipperd celebrate their team winning the Sheffield Shield . Wade has played 12 Tests, 47 one-day internationals and 22 T20s for Australia but was left out of their World Cup squad. Hughes died aged 25 as a result of a blow on the head from a Sean Abbott bouncer during a Sheffield Shield match between New South Wales and South Australia in November. Victoria finished in first place on points during the regular season, meaning they only needed a draw to take the title. The match in the island state of Tasmania due to the unavailability of the Melbourne Cricket Ground because of Sunday's World Cup final. Victoria secured the draw they needed against Western Australia to win the Sheffield Shield title . The title was Victoria's 29th Sheffield Shield and they secured it with a draw against WA in Hobart . Wade and Hughes together during their days playing for Australia in Cardiff in 2013 . The winners finished on 158 for four, trailing Western Australia by 175 runs. After Western Australia declared at 293 for two earlier Wednesday with a 333-run lead, Victoria did little to chase down the target, with no runs being scored in eight overs during the final session. Fawad Ahmed took 8-89 for Victoria in the first innings to set a finals record. | Matthew Wade shows off a tattoo of Phillip Hughes on his arm . Hughes died after being hit on the side of the head by a bouncer . Wade's Victoria side won Sheffield Shield at the Bellerive Oval in Hobart . |
Extract the names of the islands located on the Azores plateau from the text. Separate them with a comma. | These islands can be divided into three recognizable groups located on the Azores Plateau:
The Eastern Group (Grupo Oriental) of São Miguel, Santa Maria and Formigas Islets
The Central Group (Grupo Central) of Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico and Faial
The Western Group (Grupo Ocidental) of Flores and Corvo. | São Miguel, Santa Maria, Formigas, Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores, Corvo |
Given the reference text about the marathon, who currently holds the men's record in the marathon? | World records were not officially recognized by the IAAF until 1 January 2004; previously, the best times for the marathon were referred to as the 'world best'. Courses must conform to IAAF standards for a record to be recognized. However, marathon routes still vary greatly in elevation, course, and surface, making exact comparisons impossible. Typically, the fastest times are set over relatively flat courses near sea level, during good weather conditions and with the assistance of pacesetters.
The current world record time for men over the distance is 2 hours 1 minute and 09 seconds, set in the Berlin Marathon by Eliud Kipchoge of Kenya on 25 September 2022, an improvement of 30 seconds over the previous record also set in the Berlin Marathon by Eliud Kipchoge, on 16 September 2018.
The world record for women was set by Brigid Kosgei of Kenya in the Chicago Marathon on 13 October 2019, in 2 hours 14 minutes and 4 seconds who broke the record Paula Radcliffe of Great Britain had set over 16 years earlier at the London Marathon. | The current men's world record in the marathon is held by Eliud Kipchoge, who ran the Berlin Marathon on September 25th 2022 with a time of 2 hours 1 minute and 09 seconds. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Police hold serious concerns for a 16-year-old girl who is missing after failing to return home from school on Wednesday. Investigators say Michelle Keating's disappearance is out of character and are urging the public to keep a look out for her. The brown haired teen was last seen in her school uniform, which has been described as a grey jacket and maroon dress, at her school in Melbourne. Scroll down for video . Michelle Keating, 16, is missing after failing to return home from school in Melbourne on Wednesday . She never made it home to her house in Newport, in Melbourne’s south-west. A Victoria Police appeal said: ‘Investigators have released an image of Michelle in the hope that someone may have information regarding her current whereabouts.’ Anyone who sees her is urged to call Triple Zero (000) immediately. | Michelle Keating did not return home from her school in Melbourne . She was last seen on Wednesday in her maroon school uniform . Police say her disappearance is out of character . They have made a public appeal to help find the teen . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A University of Oklahoma fraternity has been shut down after members were caught chanting the n-word and glorifying lynching in a sickening video - on the same day that President Obama spoke at the 50th anniversary of the Selma march. The footage, uploaded to YouTube Sunday, shows members of a Sigma Alpha Epsilon chapter singing that there 'will never be a n*****' in their fraternity. In the brief clip, one two students stand up to a group of their peers, wearing bow ties and dress shirts, in the vile chant, sung to the tune of If You're Happy And You Know It. The footage is believed to have been filmed on Saturday - when the rest of the nation was focused on Selma, Alabama, where the president said the civil rights movement has not yet completed its long march. Scroll down for video . 'There will never be a n***** SAE': The vile chant was made by members of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity chapter at the University of Oklahoma . The idiotic student could be seen leading the chant as one of his friends tried to stop the filming . National heads of Sigma Alpha Epsilon closed the fraternity Sunday night after the video was shared widely online, and suspended all of its members. During the sickening clip the students are clearly heard singing: 'There will never be a n***** SAE, there will never be a n***** SAE. 'You can hang him from a tree, but he'll never sign with me, there will never be a n***** SAE.' A female voice in the background can also be heard asking a friend: 'You've never heard it before?' The footage shows the group on a bus, apparently headed to a party. It was made public by a black students' pressure group at the university called Unheard. In the wake of the video, the national leadership of Sigma Alpha Epsilon, which has branches across the country, said the University of Oklahoma chapter would be punished. Reaction: The national heads of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon have said those responsible will be punished . Frat house: The SAE base at the University of Oklahoma is pictured above. The national organization has some undergraduate 15,000 members . Brad Cohen, the Eminent Supreme Archon of the organization, confirmed that the video was authentic. He added that he was 'shocked and disgusted' by it, and said those responsible 'will be dealt with'. Cohen also said the song, which the video participants seemed to know well, was not part of any SAE traditions. A statement from SAE said: 'Sigma Alpha Epsilon's national headquarters has closed its Oklahoma Kappa chapter at the University of Oklahoma following the discovery of an inappropriate video. Investigation: Oklahoma University President David Boren released a statement via Twitter saying the 'behavior will not be tolerated' 'Reprehensible': The university's president, David Boren, said investigations were underway and warned this behavior would not be tolerated . Shut down: National President of Sigma Alpha Epsilon, Brad Cohen, took to Twitter to say the fraternity chapter had been closed and called on the university to expel the students involved . 'In addition, all of the members have been suspended, and those members who are responsible for the incident may have their membership privileges revoked permanently. 'We apologize for the unacceptable and racist behavior of the individuals in the video, and we are disgusted that any member would act in such a way. 'Furthermore, we are embarrassed by this video and offer our empathy not only to anyone outside the organization who is offended but also to our brothers who come from a wide range of backgrounds, cultures and ethnicities.' Timing: While the SAE members were chanting, President Obama was addressing crowds in Selma, Alabama, on the 50th anniversary of the civil rights marches there . Anniversary: The sickening chant was made exactly 50 years after the march for civil rights led by Dr Martin Luther King, center above, from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama . SAE has more than 200 chapters across the country, 15,000 undergraduate members and around 200,000 alumni. The mission of Sigma Alpha Epsilon is 'to promote the highest standards of friendship, scholarship, and service for our members based upon the ideals set forth by our Founders and as specifically enunciated in our creed, The True Gentleman.' For more than half a century, new members are required to memorize and recite the following: . 'A True Gentleman is the man whose conduct proceeds from good will and an acute sense of propriety, and whose self-control is equal to all emergencies; who does not make the poor man conscious of his poverty, the obscure man of his obscurity, or any man of his inferiority or deformity; who is himself humbled if necessity compels him to humble another; who does not flatter wealth, cringe before power, or boast of his own possessions or achievements; who speaks with frankness but always with sincerity and sympathy; whose deed follows his word; who thinks of the rights and feelings of others, rather than his own; and who appears well in any company, a man with whom honor is sacred and virtue safe.' David Boren, president of the University of Oklahoma, said that the University had launched its own investigation into the video. Sigma Alpha Epsilon’s national headquarters has closed its Oklahoma Kappa chapter at the University of Oklahoma following the discovery of an inappropriate video. In addition, all of the members have been suspended, and those members who are responsible for the incident may have their membership privileges revoked permanently.We apologize for the unacceptable and racist behavior of the individuals in the video, and we are disgusted that any member would act in such a way. Furthermore, we are embarrassed by this video and offer our empathy not only to anyone outside the organization who is offended but also to our brothers who come from a wide range of backgrounds, cultures and ethnicities. This type of racist behavior will not be tolerated and is not consistent with the values and morals of our fraternity. We have more than 15,000 collegiate members across the nation, and this incident should not reflect on other brothers because this type of hateful action is not what Sigma Alpha Epsilon stands for. This is absolutely not who we are. We teach our members to serve as role models in their communities and to live up to our creed, “The True Gentleman.” When members fail to do so, we will not hesitate to take corrective actions or to impose sanctions. Any behavior that is not aligned with the conduct we expect is unacceptable. Equally unacceptable is bystander behavior of members who fail to intervene when they witness conduct that deviates from our beliefs. “I was not only shocked and disappointed but disgusted by the outright display of racism displayed in the video,” said Brad Cohen, the fraternity’s national president. “SAE is a diverse organization, and we have zero tolerance for racism or any bad behavior. When we learned about this incident, I called an immediate board meeting, and we determined with no mental reservation whatsoever that this chapter needed to be closed immediately. I am proud of my fellow board members because we mean what we say.” Alumni who serve on the chapter's house corporation board and who serve as advisers are appalled by the video and the song that was sung in it. They do not condone offensive and hateful behavior and will hold accountable the men who participated in the incident. Although Sigma Alpha Epsilon regrets the closure, we believe members must be held responsible for their actions. We are hopeful that we can re-establish the Oklahoma Kappa chapter at some point in the future with a group of men who exemplify our beliefs and who serve as leaders on campus and in the community. | Sigma Alpha Epsilon members said there 'will never be a n*****' in their fraternity . Sickening footage shows young students in formal dress on a bus . Sigma Alpha Epsilon's national headquarters closed its Oklahoma Kappa chapter on Sunday after confirming video is authentic . Chants apparently made Saturday as nation was commemorating Selma . Members pride themselves on being 'True Gentlemen' Obama spoke powerfully at 50th anniversary to praise participants . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | As preparations for Easter begin, Nestle has come up with a new way of harnessing the appeal of the Easter bunny. The confectionery giant has launched special edition apple pie and carrot flavour Kit Kats for the Japanese market. Nestle came up with the idea after it surveyed Japanese chocolate fans and found apple and carrot were the flavours that most would like to see. Scroll down for video . The Japanese arm of Nestle has launched an apple pie and carrot flavour Kit Kat in the country for Easter . The idea has proved so popular apple pie and carrot flavour Kit Kats have now gone into production in time for Easter. The chocolate sweet made by Nestle has existed as a product since the 1920s and is now sold all over the world. Versions of KitKats sold in Japan are well-known for being different to the main product sold elsewhere in the world with limited editions often made available for Christmas and Halloween. The carrot flavoured KitKat is the firm's first attempt at coming up with a product for the Easter market. The new Kit Kat was created after Japanese customers were asked for their favourite flavour combinations . In special versions of the chocolate there will be limited editions, featuring a bunny and Easter message . The treats went on sale from today and are priced at 540 yen (£3) for a pack of 12. For the first time in the company's 42-year history in Japan they will use a bunny . A spokesman for Nestle said: "We will have 13 different designs, so anybody who wants to collect all the labels may have to buy more than one packet." He said in addition every 30th chocolate bar would have a limited special edition design for collectors. Kit Kats are extremely popular in Japan, with novelty forms such as Special Chilli already being sold . Kit Kats are considered lucky In Japan and Tokyo already has its own chocolatory for special flavours . Japan is no stranger to novelty forms of KitKat. Last year the confectionery giant launched bake-ready versions of the snack which can either be baked and eaten or consumed raw. Other flavours included Sublime Bitter, Special Sakura Green Tea and Special Chilli. Tokyo has its own KitKat Chocolatory in Seibu Department Store in Ikebukuro which produces limited edition versions of the snack, considered lucky in Japan. | Nestle has launched a new version of the Kit Kat in Japan in time for Easter . Firm has started selling apple pie and carrot flavour edition Kit Kats . The treat has been released in time for Easter and features a bunny design . Nestle capitalising on popularity of Kit Kats and novelty versions in Japan . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Angel Di Maria had to be sent off by referee Michael Oliver for grabbing the official’s shirt after being correctly cautioned for simulation. The United player will be awaiting the reaction from the FA, who usually take a dim view of physical contact with officials. I hope there is not too strong a reaction as Di Maria’s touch was light and born of frustration rather than aggression. Angel di Maria was sent off following two bookings after pushing Premier League referee Michael Oliver . The Manchester United playmaker puts his hands on referee Oliver following his first yellow card for diving . Di Maria walks off the Old Trafford pitch following his red card as Manchester United were knocked out . As Oliver only gave a second yellow for the offence, the FA are unlikely to punish Di Maria further. Di Maria had been booked earlier for a dive. Oliver delivered a really impressive refereeing performance which belied his age (30). He was consistent, strong and impartial throughout. The first serious foul brought a very early yellow card for Hector Bellerin though later Oliver showed tolerance when Bellerin just clipped Ashley Young, who demanded a second yellow card which was unsporting and unnecessary. Arsenal frontman Danny Welbeck had his shirt pulled by Manchester United defender Marcos Rojo . There was a clear pull on Welbeck's shirt in the penalty area but Oliver decided against giving a penalty . | Angel di Maria was sent off after pulling at the shirt of Michael Oliver . The 30-year-old was correct to dismiss the Manchester United star . Oliver gave an impressive performance and stepped up in a big game . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Things just got messy with that One Direction breakup. Just when folks were starting to heal from the shock of Zayn Malik's decision to quit the super-successful boy group on Wednesday, a social media dustup has fans all a-Twitter. Zayn Malik leaving One Direction . Music producer Naughty Boy got into a war of words with One Direction's Louis Tomlinson after the producer retweeted a user going by Naughty Boy/Zayn (@naughtyboymus). The tweet was captioned "The truth" and contained a video of a little ditty in which an electronic voice croons "Naughty Boy saved my life" and mentions "Zaughty." Malik is reportedly working with Naughty Boy, and "Zaughty" is a combination of their names. Tomlinson -- who is BFFs with Malik -- responded with "Wow @NaughtyBoyMusic you're so inconsiderate pal, seriously how f***ing old are you? Grow up! #masterofallwisdom." The producer replied by calling the singer a not-nice word, appearing to have misunderstood the reason behind Tomlinson's ire. The singer corrected him and accused Naughty Boy of trying to get fans worked up. Directioners (as the fans are called) got into it, and the hashtags "Zaughty" and "masterofallwisdom" started trending. Hours later, Naughty Boy decided to "let the music do the talking" and tweeted a link to a song titled "I Wont Mind," which is labeled as a demo from him and Malik. Several fans were not at all happy. After leaving the group, Malik expressed sadness at disappointing fans. "I feel like I've let the fans down, but I can't do this anymore," he told the UK's The Sun. "It's not that I've turned my back on them or anything, it's just that I just can't do that anymore, because it's not the real me." Zayn Malik: 'I've let the fans down' | Producer Naughty Boy tweeted a demo song . Malik recently left the group . Fans are not happy . |
From the passage provided, extract the second studio album that Taylor Swift released. | Swift signed a record deal with Big Machine Records in 2005 and released her eponymous debut album the following year. With 157 weeks on the Billboard 200 by December 2009, the album was the longest-charting album of the 2000s decade. Swift's second studio album, Fearless (2008), topped the Billboard 200 for 11 weeks and was the only album from the 2000s decade to spend one year in the top 10. The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA. It also topped charts in Australia and Canada, and has sold 12 million copies worldwide. Her third studio album, the self-written Speak Now (2010), spent six weeks atop the Billboard 200 and topped charts in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. | Fearless |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Lausanne, Switzerland (CNN)As nuclear talks with Iran neared the endgame, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry shied away from predicting success. Difficult issues remain on the table as the world's most powerful diplomats meet in Switzerland with Iranian nuclear negotiators, Kerry told CNN on Monday. "We are working very hard to work those through. We are working late into the night and obviously into tomorrow. We are working with a view to get something done," he said. "There is a little more light there today, but there are still some tricky issues. Everyone knows the meaning of tomorrow." Negotiators have set Tuesday as their deadline for a basic deal. A comprehensive deal, including technical additions, is supposed to be negotiated by June 30. World powers are seeking the outlines of an agreement they say would stop Iran from getting a nuclear weapon for at least 15 years. In exchange, Iran would get out from punishing sanctions that have crippled its economy. Kerry's comments to CNN came after uncomfortable rumblings about the talks in Lausanne, Switzerland, made headlines. The assertion: Iran backpedaled the day before on an important detail of a possible deal to prevent it from developing a nuclear bomb. On Sunday, an Iranian negotiator told journalists that Tehran would not send fissile material to Russia, which diplomats had earlier told journalists was part of the plan to put potential bomb-making materials out of reach. "The export of stocks of enriched uranium is not in our program, and we do not intend to send them abroad. ... There is no question of sending the stocks abroad," Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said. But on Monday, a senior U.S. State Department official said the rumblings in the press should quiet down. Negotiators had not yet decided any specifics about the disposal of fissile material, and Iran has made the comments many times before, the official said, citing a list of previous examples of such statements in press reports. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi sounded optimistic as he briefed reporters on the talks' progress earlier Monday, saying that the diplomats were "narrowing down" their differences and working out ways to resolve sticking points. "These marathon-like negotiations have reached the final stage," he said. Things have been tense in Lausanne as the deadline for an agreement looms, with talks snagged on three important points: . • How quickly or slowly Iran will be allowed to advance its nuclear technology in the last five years of the 15-year agreement. • How quickly crushing U.N. sanctions will go away. • Whether sanctions will snap back into place if Iran violates the deal. Iran wants them gone for good. But international negotiators want merely to suspend them, so they can reapply them as leverage if Iran does not keep the bargain. Agreement on the points is crucial, a Western diplomat said. "There cannot be an agreement if we do not have answers to these questions," the diplomat said. In the background, a vocal critic of a possible deal spoke out again. Over the weekend, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu denounced the deal he believes is taking shape. "This agreement as it evolves is fulfilling our deepest fears and even worse," he said after a meeting in Israel with visiting U.S. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell. Netanyahu also attacked Iran for its support of Houthi rebels in Yemen, who have overtaken many parts of that country. He said Iran was trying to take over the whole Middle East with the nuclear deal and its influence in Yemen. Conservative Washington lawmakers are threatening new sanctions if Tehran doesn't comply with demands, which could throw a wrench into negotiations. U.S. negotiators are working to reach an agreement in part to prevent this kind of congressional punishment. They fear it could prompt hardliners in Tehran to push for killing the talks, which would scuttle the chances of a deal altogether. Aside from the three tough points, negotiators on both sides have shown optimism. U.S. officials have said most of the other elements were solvable if those three major hurdles could be overcome. Iran's Araghchi agreed. "Getting to an accord is doable. Solutions have been found for numerous questions," he said. Iran would like sanctions lifted as soon as a deal is signed. But diplomats says it's not so simple. Iran could see unilateral sanctions relief in the areas of trade, oil and banking, but sanctions adopted by the United Nations are more complicated. Many are related to proliferation and transfer of missile technology and are tied to certification by the U.N. nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency, that Iran's nuclear program does not have a military dimension. On Saturday, Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif showed some optimism about finding a path through the deadlock. He said he believes the world powers "have realized that sanctions, pressure and an agreement will not go together. It's only to translate that understanding and realization into the agreement that we are negotiating." U.S. officials said that all sides, including Iran, agree that sanctions would be lifted in phases over time as Iran confirms its compliance to the deal. But they acknowledge there is still disagreement on the actual formula. Iran also wants to be allowed to develop more advanced centrifuges while the deal is in effect. New machines would enrich uranium much faster than current machines. U.S. and European officials worry that could enable Iran quickly to produce enough highly enriched uranium for a nuclear weapon. Diplomats say the first 10 years of the 15-year deal would have the most stringent restrictions, which would be relaxed over the last five. "We are not asking them to do nothing (in technology development), but they want to do more than we want them to do," a Western diplomat said. But the diplomat added, "After 15 years, they can do what they want." Diplomats said Iran has agreed to a cap of fewer than 6,000 centrifuges that it can operate to enrich uranium. That figure is down from the 6,000 the sides were speaking about when the talks started Thursday, but substantially more than the several hundred the United States had originally wanted. Iran currently runs about 10,000 centrifuges, but it has around 19,000 in its stockpile. U.S. officials maintain the number is not that important, because there will be other restrictions on the levels of enrichment and type of centrifuges Iran can operate, which they believe will extend the time Iran would need to produce enough fissile material for a nuclear weapon -- known as the "breakout time" -- to at least a year. While the focus this week is on the March 31 deadline, it's important to note it isn't the final deadline. Even if a pact is reached Tuesday, it's unclear what form it would take, and the United States and Iran have varying needs. The parties are seeking to reach what's being called a framework agreement -- essentially a political understanding of the main principles of the final deal. But if they're able to come together on the big issues, they still have until the end of June when the Joint Plan of Action expires to iron out the details. So that means the talks won't be finished this month. Officials have been vague about the format this framework deal might take as well as how much of it will be made known to the public and international stakeholders. The United States would prefer a written accord, but Iran has balked at putting anything in writing until a comprehensive deal is reached. U.S. officials say they will need to quantify Iran's commitments before submitting the agreement to Congress. But U.S. and Western diplomats say that Iran is looking simply for an "understanding" of what has been agreed to before a formal accord is reached. CNN's Jim Sciutto, Nimet Kirac and Catherine E. Shoichet contributed to this report. | China's foreign minister says "marathon-like negotiations have reached their final stage" Secretary of State John Kerry: "We are working with a view to get something done" Potential snags to talks include how quickly sanctions on Iran would be lifted . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kell Brook is willing to break with convention and give Amir Khan the lion's share of any payday in an effort to finally lure him into a blockbuster world title fight. Brook has the bargaining chip of a world championship belt but so far that has proved ineffective in drawing the Bolton welterweight into a fight that would attract huge British interest. Sportsmail understands Khan would pocket in the region of £4 million if he met the 28-year-old at Wembley on June 13 – a date Brook's promoter, Eddie Hearn, has penciled in with the national stadium. IBF world welterweight champion Kell Brook poses at a press conference at Montgomery Theatre, Sheffield . Amir Khan hits Devon Alexander during their welterweight bout at the MGM Grand Garden Arena last year . Khan chats to Liverpool midfielder and fellow Maxi Nutrition ambassador Jordan Henderson in a promo . Brook has gone to claim he would be prepared to accept a smaller payday as IBF champion to make the fight. But despite sporadic positive feedback from the Khan camp, who told Hearn at a recent meeting in Blackpool that the bout 'will happen one day', the trail has since gone cold. Brook, who defends his title on March 28 against Jo Jo Dan, said: 'I think he is avoiding me like the plague. He said that I'm an easy fight but how long have we been banging on about wanting the fight with him? 'After I'm done with Amir Khan he will just be a mere memory. 'He wants to fight some of these kids who have been super-featherweights. I am a genuine big welterweight who can seek and destroy him.' Hearn added: 'We want the fight so badly. We don't believe we should take anything less than 50-50 but until we talk maybe we do. Kell has not been in a mega-fight and has masses of monster paydays in front of him. If he has to give Amir a little something to knock him out he probably will.' Khan's fight in Sheffield on March 28 will be his first since the horrific stabbing incident in Tenerife last September that could have cost his life. At the very least it has meant a major delay in Brook defending his world title for the first time. He intends on three more fights this year, though he believes he has a greater chance of attracting the winner of Floyd Mayweather's showdown with Manny Pacquiao than he does of landing a Khan bout that would draw enormous domestic interest. Brook hits the bag during a media workout session at Bary's Gym in Las Vegas in August 2014 . Brook lands a punch on Shawn Porter on his way to becoming world champion in August 2014 . Khan's apparent interest in fighting America's Adrien Broner would indicate that Brook is low on his agenda, with Brook saying: 'I think it is more likely I will end up fighting one of Mayweather or Pacquiao than Khan, the way he is dragging his feet. A Khan fight is so easy to make. All the signs are there for it to be an unbelievable fight. 'I have seen clips of him saying, 'Win a world title', 'Do this, do that'. I have come through everything he has said and still nothing. 'I think people around him are blowing smoke up his **** and he is believing all the hype. Don't get me wrong he is a good fighter but I would take him out. 'We are ready to go with this fight. But I will fight anyone. I have only wanted to fight the very best. Before I leave this fight I want to get in with the best.' Hearn told Sportsmail earlier this week that discussions have started over a possible summer fight for Brook against Juan Manuel Marquez or Brandon Rios, who are both former world champions. Adrian Broner trades punches with John Molina Jr. during their match in Las Vegas earlier this year . | Kell Brook will offer Amir Khan the majority of the purse should they fight . The IBF welterweight champion has so far not managed to tempt Khan . Sportsmail understands Khan could pocket in the region of £4m if he accepts . Brook's promoter Eddie Hearn says he is desperate for the fight to happen . However, it appears Khan would prefer to face American Adrien Broner . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | When astronomers first started taking ultraviolet images of Venus, they were somewhat baffled by a mysterious ‘Y’ shape that covered the entire planet. But now researchers say they have an answer - high intensity winds are distorting a ‘wave’ of clouds to produce a stretched effect. The discovery could also reveal how similar processes take place on other slow-rotating bodies in the solar system. Scroll down for a video animation showing the effect . Spanish astronomers have revealed a new theory for a 'Y' shape on Venus (annotated image from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter in 1979 shown). They say it is formed by winds pushing a 'wave' of clouds on the planet. These winds move faster at higher altitudes, creating the odd shape . The latest theory was proposed by astronomers from the Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA-CSIC) in Granada, Spain, in collaboration with the university of the Basque Country and the Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences of Portugal. Venus is slightly smaller than Earth but has a similar mass. It is the second closest planet to the sun at a distance of about 67 million miles (108 million kilometres), and takes about 225 days to orbit the sun. One day on Venus lasts as long as 243 Earth days. Its thick and toxic atmosphere is made up mostly of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, with clouds of sulphuric acid droplets. It's believed that its atmosphere contributed to a runaway greenhouse effect that made the planet inhospitable. The planet's extreme high temperatures of almost 480°C (900°F) make it seem an unlikely place for for life as we know it. On Venus strong winds move the upper atmosphere 225 mph (360km/h), circling the planet every four to five Earth days. But the planet itself takes almost 243 Earth days to complete an orbit - meaning the winds are much faster than the rotation speed of the planet. The winds have a mostly constant speed at different latitude, but nearer the pole they circle the planet quicker as the circumference of the planet is smaller. This ultimately gives rise to this ‘Y’ shape, as the clouds at the top and bottom of the shape are moved more quickly. 'This [atmospheric] wave is dragged by the winds of Venus, so if they are constant the wave should round the planet without getting deformed, right?' Dr Javier Peralta, the IAA-CSIC researcher in charge of this study, told MailOnline. 'But we must consider that these waves propagate over a "sphere", and "circles" completed both at the equator and at 40ºN have a different radius (the higher latitude, the smaller the parallels or circles are). 'So, having the same velocity than that at the equator, anything moving horizontally at 40º will complete the longitude of the circle sooner that when doing the same at the equator. 'This is why the wave gets deformed. The area of the wave at higher latitudes complete circles quicker than at the equator.' Winds on Venus can circle the planet in four to five Earth days. But the planet takes 243 Earth days to rotate, amplifying the Y shape. The effect is also amplified by the winds moving round the planet quicker nearer the poles (Marine 10 image from 1974 shown left). An illustration of the surface of Venus is shown on the right . He added that the idea was not entirely new - but his theory was the first that explained a new type of atmospheric wave, different to anything seen on Earth. Using the new type of wave, he said they could predict the vertical structure of the Y feature, and show that it was trapped about the altitude where the winds are strongest. The shape is defined with dark regions, produced by an unknown compound that absorbs ultraviolet radiation. The wave seems to be 'pushing up' this ultraviolet absorber from below on Venus - although what this substance is, which gives the feature its dark appearance, remains a mystery. 'It has been a mystery for decades. Nobody knows for sure,' added Dr Peralta. 'Many candidates have been proposed: hydrobromic acid, amorphous sulfur, disulphur monoxide or even living sources such as bacteria.' The strange shape on Venus was first spotted by Nasa's Mariner 10 spacecraft when it arrived at Venus in 1974. An illustration of the spacecraft is shown here. The new theory could have important implications for other slowly rotating bodies in the solar system . As the clouds are pushed through the atmosphere, those either side are dragged behind, giving the whole planet a ‘stretched’ appearance when viewed in ultraviolet wavelengths. When viewed in visible light, the planet simply appears bright yellow or white - as the high amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reflect a lot of sunlight. The astronomers have also, for the first time, created a simulation that reproduces the evolution of the shape over the course of a month. Understanding the shape will allow astronomers to study the ‘super-rotating’ nature of the Venusian atmosphere. ‘A wave with the size of the Y must play a key role in explaining why the atmosphere rotates sixty times faster than the surface, so it was crucial to understand it,’ said Dr Peralta in a release. | Spanish astronomers have revealed a new theory for a 'Y' shape on Venus . They say it is formed by winds pushing a 'wave' of clouds on the planet . These winds move faster at higher altitudes, creating the odd shape . Winds on Venus can circle the planet in four to five Earth days . But the planet takes 243 Earth days to rotate, amplifying the Y shape . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Paris St Germain thumnped RC Lens 4-1 to move top of Ligue 1 on Saturday as the French Champions geared up for their Champions League clash at Chelsea next week. David Luiz, Zlatan Ibrahimovic, Blaise Matuidi and Javier Pastore scored the goals that put PSG on 56 points from 28 games, two ahead of Olympique Lyonnais who can reclaim the lead if they beat Montpellier away on Sunday. Marseille are a further point back in third on 53 after thrashing Toulouse 6-1 away on Friday. David Luiz celebrates after putting Paris St Germain 1-0 up at home to Lens on Saturday . Zlatan Ibrahimovic doubled his side's lead from the penalty spot after Gregory Van der Wiel was fouled . The Swede celebrates his penalty, which put PSG in total control of the game at the Parc des Princes . PSG visit Stamford Bridge for their last 16 return leg with Chelsea on Wednesday having drawn 1-1 at the Parc des Princes. Lens, who reduced the arrears to 2-1 through Yoann Touzghar after 68 minutes, stayed second from bottom on 22 points having lost seven of their last 10 league games and won none. The hosts dominated but Lens keeper Rudy Riou kept his team afloat with a string of fine saves before the northerners cracked on the stroke of halftime. PSG went ahead when Luiz wrongfooted Riou with a low, long-range free kick in thr 43rd minute as the Brazil defender netted his second league goal. Laurent Blanc's side doubled their tally on the hour when Sweden striker Ibrahimovic converted a penalty after Gregory van der Wiel was brought down by Bapiste Guillaume. Maxwell jumps on his team-mates to celebrate as the French champions went top of the table . Ibrahimovic holds the ball up under a challenge from a defender as PSG moved above Marseille and Lyon . Edinson Cavani holds off the tackle of Jean-Philippe Gbamin during what turned out to be a comfortable win . Touzghar narrowed the deficit from close range but Lens's hopes quickly vanished. PSG substitute Pastore had an immediate effect when France midfielder Matuidi tapped in from the Argentine's cross to make it 3-1 10 minutes from time. Pastore wrapped it up three minutes later by volleying home Ibrahimovic's fine lofted pass in the box. Van der Wiel almost added a fifth in the closing stages but his rising shot from the spot smashed against the bar. | David Luiz opens the scoring in the eighth minute . PSG captain Zlatan Ibrahimovic doubles the advantage before half time . Yoann Touzghar pulls one back for Lens but Blaise Matuidi and Javier Pastore secure comfortable win for Paris St Germain . PSG move ahead of Marseille and Lyon, with the latter to play on Sunday . PSG face Chelsea in Champions League last 16 second leg on Wednesday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)December 16, 2014 was a dark day, not just in our nation's history, but the world's. Young innocent children were brutally massacred in a school in Peshawar along with their teachers. It shook a nation that had already seen more than 55,000 of its innocent civilians die in the hands of terrorism in the last 10 years, to a whole new level. Naturally, I was in no less despair. Hailing from a humble background, where both my parents have served in the field of education their entire lives, the strong emphasis on education in our house was probably another reason why this incident had affected me so deeply. READ MORE: Bloodstains, bullet holes mark Peshawar classrooms . I canceled my tours and concerts and couldn't gather myself to do much in coming weeks. However, being an artist, I had to express myself; even more so because I have always believed that an artist should be more than a tool for his art to resonate through. He must also resonate the voice of his surroundings by being socially aware and strive to contribute to his environment for the better in whatever little or large manner that he decides for himself. I thought that each one of us needed to wake up to this call and help and inspire the other to do more for our future. So I picked up the phone and started calling all my colleagues from film, fashion, TV and music. I was pleasantly surprised that all of them agreed with my initiative and came on board without a second thought on such a short notice. We all got together because we all want a progressive, peaceful, tolerant and positive Pakistan. And the response to the song and video further solidified my belief that every Pakistani wants the same. They just need someone to show them the way. And to me, education is the way forward. It's the the key to progress and peace. I also feel that there is a lot more to Pakistan than what the world gets to see. Pakistan is a beautiful land with beautiful people who -- like those in any other nation -- want to live in harmony with themselves and the world. A place where people sing, dance and play. Unfortunately because of an extremist minority, it is sometimes seen as an extremist country. But no society is void of extremism in one way or the other. This is something that we all need to work towards -- the international community and us. Pakistan needs your help. It has been fighting this battle for years and lost countless lives in the process. Its economy has also suffered. The world needs to see Pakistan in a whole different light to help us out of this darkness. They need to partner with us towards progress. They need to understand the complexities of this society and the fact that it's not easy to survive through all that this country has been through. Today the entire nation stands as one for this cause. And that is what I have tried to show the world in this video. A Pakistan that stands united to make sure that the lives of those innocent children did not go to waste. I also didn't want this to be just a song. I wanted to practically help towards a cause dear to me -- education. So, I collaborated with a leading Pakistani educational non-profit organization, The Citizens Foundation (TCF) and 141schools.org (141 SCHOOLS), a new citizen web movement. Together, they are building 141 schools across Pakistan. Each school will be dedicated to the children and teachers who lost their lives in attack on December 16, 2014. All proceeds from the downloads of the song will go towards building schools for the children of Pakistan and ensuring a bright future. I aspire to build at least one school which would cost around 20.7 million pkr ($202,900). If you want to help, click here. | Taliban gunmen attacked a school in Peshawar, Pakistan killing more than 140 people . Popular singer Ali Zafar says the massacre took violence in Pakistan to a new level and affected him deeply . Zafar says he has expressed himself through music and is trying to raise money for schools . |
What does Wittgenstein view as a problem with learning a language using "ostensive defining"? | Wittgenstein clarifies the problem of communicating using a human language when he discusses learning a language by "ostensive defining." For example, if one wanted to teach someone that a pencil was called a "pencil" and pointed to a pencil and said, "pencil," how does the listener know that what one is trying to convey is that the thing in front of me (e.g., the entire pencil) is called a "pencil"? Isn't it possible that the listener would associate "pencil" with "wood"? Maybe the listener would associate the word "pencil" with "round" instead (as pencils are, usually, in fact, round!). Wittgenstein writes regarding several possible "interpretations" which may arise after such a lesson. The student may interpret your pointing at a pencil and saying "pencil" to mean the following: (1) This is a pencil; (2) This is round; (3) This is wood; (4) This is one; (5) This is hard, etc., etc. | As example of "Ostensive defining" is pointing to an object and saying it's name. Wittgenstein sees "ostensive defining" as a problem of communication because simply linking a word to an object carries with it ambiguity. For instance, if someone pointed to a pencil and said, "pencil", the listener may not know exactly what the word refers to. It may refer to the pencil itself, the shape of the pencil, the material of the pencil, the quantity of the pencil, or any other quality of the pencil. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | All of the best jobs require bucket loads of experience on a person's CV... and it turns out some of the least desirable vocations do too. A new job opening for a global 'brothel tester' has appeared on a German sex website. The successful candidate will be both university educated and have spent a large amount of time in red-light districts. The German website Kaufmich.com is advertising for a brother tester . According to The Mirror, the job advert first appeared on Kaufmich.com, which is a website where independent sex workers can sell their trade. The Berlin-based business that advertised the job opening is a multinational company which has franchises in China, Germany and Spain. They are looking for both men and women, preferably with business degrees, who are able to speak several languages, in particular French. Understandably with this job, the candidates should all be in possession of an up to date health certificate. Candidates for the job should have plenty of brothel experience (picture posed by model) The Mirror reports the advert as saying: 'Practical experience with many years of brothel visits necessary. 'You should enjoy having fun with people and you should not be afraid of contact.' The role will entail visiting different brothels to check standards of cleanliness, customer service and value for money. They will also be responsible for making sure that the men and women in the business carry out safe sex. The red light district in Frankfurt, Germany, where Sex trade laws were radically liberalised in 2002 . Sex trade laws were radically liberalised by the German government in 2002. Laws were originally relaxed in the hope that they would offer a degree of protection to prostitutes who now have access to health insurance and benefits. Red light districts have also become much more prominent in Germany's major cities - there are between 3,000 and 3,500 established brothels in Germany and the trade is now big business. | A Berlin sex business is looking for a man or woman to test their brothels . Candidate should have business degree and lots of brothel experience . They will test red light district venues for cleanliness and customer service . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Andrew Paul Tahmooressi, the Marine reservist who made international headlines during his seven-month imprisonment in Mexico, has been released from a Georgia jail, where he was held Wednesday night. Tahmooressi was arrested in Twin City, Georgia, on Wednesday for "driving under the influence, reckless driving, improper passing and an open container violation," according to a statement from Emanuel County Sheriff J. Tyson Stephens. A spokesman for the family confirmed Tahmooressi's release, saying his client, "is very appreciative of the professionalism of the involved Sheriff's Department during the course of his custody." Jonathan Franks said Tahmooressi "continues to struggle with PTSD" and that this incident must be seen in that context. Tahmooressi made news around the world after his arrest on March 31, 2014, at a Tijuana, Mexico, checkpoint. Mexican customs agents found three firearms in his truck, including a .45-caliber pistol, a pump shotgun and an AR-15 rifle. The country's strict federal gun laws prohibit anyone from illegally bringing weapons into the country. Tahmooressi maintained that he took a wrong turn on the California side of the border into Tijuana and accidentally crossed the border. In November, after 214 days, he was freed. A Mexican court said it found no cause to prosecute Tahmooressi on charges of carrying two firearms used exclusively by the military, possessing cartridges used exclusively by the military and carrying a firearm without a license . The court also recommended he be treated for post-traumatic stress disorder. Tahmooressi was held overnight in Twin City, about 180 miles southeast of Atlanta. He was released after posting a $4000 property bond. | Tahmooressi released from Georgia jail after his DUI, open container arrest . Last year, he spent 7 months in a Mexico jail . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A 30-year-old California woman was abducted from a male acquaintance's residence in the Bay Area and is being held for ransom, police said Tuesday. The male acquaintance, also 30, witnessed the kidnapping of Denise Louise Huskins from the Vallejo home, and he is not a suspect in the case, said Vallejo Police Lt. Kenny Park. "Ms. Huskins' whereabouts are unknown, and we are treating this matter as a kidnap for ransom," Park told reporters. "We're worried about Ms. Huskins' welfare. We don't know where she's at. And that's why we're coming to the public asking for their help." Huskins, who has been living in Vallejo the past year, is from Huntington Beach in Southern California, police said. She works as a physical therapist, police added. She is employed at a Kaiser Hospital, CNN affiliate KGO reported, citing her Facebook page. A cousin of Huskins, Amy Mattison, told CNN affiliate KPIX that the 30-year-old man is Huskins' boyfriend and she was abducted from his residence. Park declined to comment on the nature of the relationship between Huskins and the 30-year-old man who saw and reported the kidnapping. About 75 people from the Solano County Search and Rescue Team were searching for Huskins in nearby woods and on Mare Island, Park said. Huskins' 2000 White Toyota Camry was found in Vallejo and may have been moved from the residence, Park said. Authorities don't know when her vehicle was moved, police said. Park didn't disclose the amount of the ransom being sought. "All I can tell is there was a ransom demand," Park said. Police are asking the public's help in locating Huskins, who was described as white, 5-foot-7, 150 pounds, with blond hair and blue eyes. Vallejo police asked the FBI to help their investigation. CNN's Stella Chan contributed to this report. | Denise Huskins, 30, works as a physical therapist at a Kaiser Hospital, CNN affiliate KGO reports . Huskins was taken from her boyfriend's residence, her cousin tells CNN affiliate KPIX . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mixed Martial Arts is the biggest growing sport in the world and every Thursday, Bleacher Report will bring you a buzzing story. Their five-star Mobile App “Team Stream” helps you follow the MMA 24-7: DOWNLOAD NOW . UFC title shots don't come around all too often. They are rarely earned without sacrifice and can serve as a fighter's career-defining accomplishment. But as difficult as it is to cement a shot at promotional gold, it's even tougher to take advantage of the opportunity. And for those challengers who taste defeat only to feel their time in the spotlight slip away, forging a divisional comeback is the only way to patch the wound. Here are three recently vanquished title threats who may be close to earning another shot at gold. Joseph Benavidez . Team Alpha Male standout Joseph Benavidez resides in a division dictated by arguably the most dominant champion around in Demetrious Johnson. But considering Benavidez is the flyweight version of Urijah Faber, meaning he doesn't lose outside of a title fight, the two men should cross paths once more. Joseph Benavidez (right) kicks Dustin Ortiz in their flyweight bout during the UFC event in November . Ortiz (right) punches Benavidez in their flyweight bout during the UFC Fight Night event . Expected to take on fellow Mighty Mouse leftover John Moraga at UFC 187, the 30-year-old has a chance to extend his current win streak to three. And in a weight class as shallow as a glass of water, Benavidez could once again find himself fighting for a title by the end of 2015 (if not early next year). He's a premier draw at 125 pounds, and one of only a few contenders who can actually instil some doubt about the champ's unheralded reign. Benson Henderson . Despite a recent jump up to welterweight and an impressive finish over rising contender Brandon Thatch, former lightweight champ Benson Henderson is still in the mix at 155 pounds. Add in the fact that Anthony Pettis just handed his title over to Rafael Dos Anjos at UFC 185, and Henderson should have an easier track back to contention considering Showtime had beaten him twice. Benson Henderson (left) lands a kick to the body of Brandon Thatch in their welterweight fight . Henderson attempts a submission against Thatch in their welterweight fight last month . While RDA also defeated Smooth via knockout less than one year ago, it was a close contest before the Brazilian landed on unforeseen uppercut that shortly put Henderson on another planet. Needless to say, the 31-year-old is still in the pinnacle of his career and remains one of the most dangerous entities in the deepest division in MMA. He'll be able to log two more Octagon appearances by the end of the year and will have enough momentum to earn a shot should he win both outings. Ricardo Lamas . With an epic showdown between featherweight kingpin Jose Aldo and Irish sensation Conor McGregor looming in the distance, guys like Ricardo Lamas are being drastically overlooked. While Aldo swiftly defended his title opposite The Bully at UFC 169, Lamas did enough in the championships rounds to suggest an upset could happen should he dominate early. Ricardo Lamas punches Dennis Bermudez in their featherweight bout in Mexico City last November . Lamas knocks Bermudez to the mat with a kick in their featherweight fight . But in order to get back into the mix in a division ruled by two international dynamos, the 32-year-old Chicagoan must debunk the evolving arsenal of former title contender Chad "Money" Mendes when the two collide at UFC Fight Night 63. Mendes is another name that could easily make this list, but he is at least two impressive victories away from a trilogy fight with the champion. Of course, if McGregor captures the title from Aldo in July at UFC 189, then all slates will be wiped clean. | Joseph Benavidez could soon be set for another shot at a UFC title . Benson Henderson and Ricardo Lamas also make the list . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Georgia fear they will have to play September's Euro 2016 qualifier with Scotland behind closed doors. Sunday's 2-0 defeat by Germany in Tbilisi was twice interrupted by supporters invading the Boris Paichadze Stadium pitch. The Georgian Football Federation has vowed to tighten up security in the wake of those crowd disturbances. A security official wrestles a pitch invader to the ground during Georgia's match against Germany on Sunday . Germany's Andre Schurrle (right) looks on as the supporter is detained by a security official . Stewards run on to detain another pitch invader during the Euro 2016 qualifier in Tbilisi . But in a statement posted on its website, it also admits to concerns that UEFA will decide to shut the stadium for the September 4 meeting with Gordon Strachan's side. European football's governing body has yet to announce if it will be opening disciplinary proceedings against the GFF although it has launched investigations into Friday night's clash between Montenegro and Russia, which was abandoned midway through the second half after a brawl between players. Russian goalkeeper Igor Akinfeev had earlier been struck by a flare. Scotland currently sit third in Group D, a point behind leaders Poland. Georgia are fifth, with just one win from five games. Georgia goalkeeper Giorgi Loria is hugged by a fan on the pitch at the Boris Paichadze Stadium . Germany players celebrate during their 2-0 win against Georgia in Euro 2016 qualifying . | Georgia's 2-0 defeat by Germany in Tbilisi was interrupted twice . Supporters invaded the pitch during the Euro 2016 qualifier . Georgia fear being forced to play the Scotland match behind closed doors . |
Malibamat'so River | The Malibamat'so River is a river in northern Lesotho. Its origin is near to the South African border, where it drains the eastern slopes of the Maloti Range. It flows southwards past the village of Lejone, and eventually joins the Senqu River 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Mohlanapeng.
The Malibamat'so forms the northern arm of the Katse Dam reservoir, a part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. Katse is Africa's highest elevation dam at 1,993 metres (6,539 ft) above sea level. Here the river is joined by the Bokong/Bokung River. Downstream the Malibamat'so's left bank tributaries are the Matsoku and Semenanyane Rivers, before it forms a right bank tributary of the Senqu/Orange River. | Malibamat'so River is a river in northern Lesotho. Its origin is near to the South African border, where it drains the eastern slopes of the Maloti Range. It flows southwards past the village of Lejone, and eventually joins the Senqu River 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Mohlanapeng.
The Malibamat'so forms the northern arm of the Katse Dam reservoir, a part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. Katse is Africa's highest elevation dam at 1,993 metres (6,539 ft) above sea level. Here the river is joined by the Bokong/Bokung River. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Disgraced former CIA chief David Petraeus has agreed to plead guilty to sharing classified information with his mistress, it emerged today. The former U.S. Army General will plead guilty to one felony count of unauthorized removal and retention of classified material, according to documents filed in Charlotte, North Carolina. The plea deal, which Petraeus signed on February 22, shows the government has agreed to recommend no prison time but will enforce a sentence of two years probation and a $40,000 fine. A judge, who is not bound by the recommendation, will make the final decision. The charge carries a maximum penalty of one year in prison, a $100,000 fine and five years of probation. No immediate date has been set for Petraeus to enter the plea. By striking the deal, he avoids an embarrassing trial that would detail his relationship with Paula Broadwell. He stepped down as head of the CIA after their affair emerged in November 2012. Scroll down for video . Affair: Former CIA chief David Petraeus will plead guilty to a charge of unauthorized removal and retention of classified information after he handed over sensitive material to his mistress, Paula Broadwell, right . Documents filed in federal court state that between August 2011 and April 5, 2013, Petraeus did 'unlawfully and knowingly' take classified materials and retain them at 'unauthorized' locations. Prosecutors say that while Broadwell was writing Petraeus' biography, he gave her binders of the classified materials that included notes about his discussions with President Obama. The binders, known as 'black books,' were seized by the FBI in a search of Petraeus' home. He lied to FBI agents about providing them to Broadwell and said he never gave her classified material, according to court documents. In late August 2011, he took the books to the home where Broadwell was staying during a week-long trip to Washington, D.C., according to the documents. He left the books with her so she could use them as source material for the biography, prosecutors said. Days later, Petraeus brought the books back to his home in Arlington, Virginia. An attorney for Petraeus, Robert Barnett, said he had no immediate comment. Petraeus, a four-star general who served as commander of the U.S. Forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, resigned from the CIA in 2012 when the affair emerged but always denied criminal wrongdoing. Broadwell, now 42, met Petraeus, 62, while she was a graduate student at Harvard University, where she was working on a dissertation about him. She wrote his biography, 'All In: The Education of General David Petraeus', which afforded them considerable time together. They carried on an affair between late 2011 and the summer of 2012. But the relationship was later uncovered whiled the FBI investigated claims that one of Petraeus' friends, Florida socialite Jill Kelley, was receiving threatening emails. Hurt: Paula Broadwell remains married to husband Scott, pictured together left in 2012, while Petraeus is married to wife Holly, right, despite the affair that forced him to step down as CIA chief in 2012 . Scandal: The affair was revealed after Florida socialite Jill Kelley, pictured, contacted the FBI over threatening emails she had received. It emerged that Broadwell had sent the emails . The messages were found to have been sent by Broadwell, a married mother-of-two. As agents investigated Broadwell's email account, they uncovered the affair and learned the CIA director had shared classified information with her. Petraeus, who remains married to wife Holly, acknowledged the affair as he stepped down. In May 2013, Broadwell, who is also still married, finally issued an apology for the affair. 'I have remorse for the harm that this has caused, the sadness it has caused my family and other families,' she told her local station, WSOC. 'I'm very blessed. Blessed with an awesome family, a wonderful community that's been a great part of my rehabilitation, if you will. Even when you've made mistakes in life you can still contribute and pick up the stuff and move on.' Petraeus was a celebrated general who was credited with helping pull Iraq from the brink of an all-out civil war. President Barack Obama turned to him to lead U.S. forces in Afghanistan before moving to him to the CIA in 2011. | David Petraeus has agreed to plead guilty to one charge of unauthorized removal and retention of classified information, it emerged on Tuesday . The charge alleges he took notebooks containing classified information to where his biographer and mistress Paula Broadwell was staying in 2011 . The plea deal shows the government has recommended he face no prison time and instead gets two years probation and a $40,000 fine . But the charge carries a maximum penalty of one year in prison, a $100,000 fine and five years of probation . He had an affair with Broadwell between late 2011 and summer 2012, and stepped down from the CIA after the relationship emerged . |
how much traffic actually is drawn to this page and how long to user spend reading and hovering over this paragraph? What regions around the world does this traffic stem from? | The Salvation Army (TSA) is a Protestant Christian church and an international charitable organization headquartered in London, England that is aligned with the Wesleyan-Holiness movement. The organisation reports a worldwide membership of over 1.7 million, comprising soldiers, officers and adherents collectively known as Salvationists. Its founders sought to bring salvation to the poor, destitute, and hungry by meeting both their "physical and spiritual needs". It is present in 133 countries, running charity shops, operating shelters for the homeless and disaster relief, and humanitarian aid to developing countries.
The theology of the Salvation Army is derived from Methodism, although it is distinctive in institution and practice. A distinctive characteristic of the Salvation Army is its use of titles derived from military ranks, such as "lieutenant" or "major". It does not celebrate the rites of Baptism and Holy Communion. However, the Army's doctrine is aligned with the Wesleyan–Arminian tradition, particularly the holiness movement. The Army's purposes are "the advancement of the Christian religion... of education, the relief of poverty, and other charitable objects beneficial to society or the community of mankind as a whole".
The Army was founded in 1865 in London by one-time Methodist preacher William Booth and his wife Catherine as the East London Christian Mission, and can trace its origins to the Blind Beggar tavern. In 1878, Booth reorganised the mission, becoming its first General and introducing the military structure which has been retained as a matter of tradition. Its highest priority is its Christian principles. The current international leader of The Salvation Army and chief executive officer (CEO) is General Brian Peddle, who was elected by the High Council of The Salvation Army on 3 August 2018.
In 2011, Charity Watch rated the Salvation Army an "A−" to an "A", indicating a high level of financial efficiency and organisational transparency. The Salvation Army has received an A-rating from the American Institute of Philanthropy.
The Salvation Army is one of the world's largest providers of social aid,[citation needed] with expenditures including operating costs of $2.6 billion in 2004, helping more than 32 million people in the U.S. alone. In addition to community centres and disaster relief, the organisation does work in refugee camps, especially among displaced people in Africa. In the United Kingdom, the Salvation Army is no longer the largest nongovernmental provider of social services; however, it still provides a significant service to people in need. The Salvation Army is the fourth largest charity in the United States, with private donations in excess of $2 billion in 2022, and is a member of the American organisation Christian Churches Together.[10 | again not sure : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Salvation_Army |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | As well as fancying himself as a boxer, Wayne Rooney believes he is the finest singer at Manchester United. Rooney was subjected to an unwanted set of headlines on Sunday after apparently being knocked out by Phil Bardsley during a sparring session in the kitchen of his Cheshire mansion. The England and United captain did not seem unsettled by the episode, scoring a fine goal in a 3-0 rout of Tottenham and then engaging in some celebratory shadow boxing. Rooney took part in a 'Chevrolet FC hosts Man Utd in Google+ Hangout' on Monday, which was full of light-hearted exchanges and made no mention of his boxing. When Rooney, who was sitting between Michael Carrick and Ander Herrera and apparently at Old Trafford, was asked who the best singer is at the club, he replied: 'Probably me. 'Over Christmas a few of the players got up and did a few songs. Quite good some of them. Michael's not bad.' Herrera said of Carrick: 'He's humble, but he's the best.' Wayne Rooney mocked recent headlines with a 'knockout' celebration at Old Trafford on Sunday . Paul Gascoigne, scoring at Euro 96, was Rooney's favourite English footballer and hero growing up . The host then asked Rooney what songs he liked to sing. 'Opera,' Rooney said, before adding: 'Only joking. I like to sing a bit of indie rock.' There was a slight sneer when it was suggested, tongue in cheek, that Rooney would be asked to sing later in the Hangout, something which did not materialise. Rooney was asked who his favourite English footballer and hero was growing up. His answer was Paul Gascoigne, a player who also attracted tabloid attention for his off-field antics as much as his on-field displays. Rooney added: 'I think he's probably still to this day the greatest English player. For excitement and goals, he was my favourite player.' Michael Carrick (second left) heads Manchester United 2-0 up against Tottenham on Sunday . Carrick is congratulated on his goal by his United team-mates during the 3-0 win at Old Trafford . Asked what it was specifically about Gascoigne that Rooney liked, he said: 'His ability to turn games round on their head and produce magical moments. He was a perfect entertainer on the pitch.' A number of other questions were Rooney related. Told only one player had scored more penalties for United than Rooney, the skipper conferred with Carrick and Herrera before saying: 'We think it's Dennis Irwin.' Asked how confident they were in their answer on a scale of one to 10? Rooney replied '11'. Wayne Rooney applauds the Old Trafford crowd after his side consolidated their place in the league top four . But they were wrong. The correct answer was Ruud van Nistelrooy with 28 penalties. Asked how many he had scored, Rooney said: 'I've no idea.' The next Rooney related question was about the percentage of his 229 United goals scored at Old Trafford. 'We think 58 (per cent),' Rooney said. The correct answer was 54 per cent. Rapid fire questions followed for Dwight Yorke, co-hosting the event in London in front of a live audience. Ander Herrera (left) has impressed in midfield for United since signing from Athletic Bilbao in the summer . Rooney asked: 'What was the score on your Manchester United debut?' Yorke was correct in answering a 0-0 draw at West Ham. Rooney's next question was, 'Can you spell Januzaj backwards?' Yorke was right, with Rooney saying, 'Yes, well done.' Asked if it surprised him that Yorke was correct, Rooney said: 'Knowing Dwight the way I do, it actually did surprise me.' | Manchester United captain scored in win at Old Trafford on Sunday . READ our player ratings for Man United's 3-0 win over Tottenham here . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | His medals tell the story of extra-ordinary acts of gallantry and a flying career so distinguished it helped to change the course of the Second World War. Yesterday former Dambuster pilot Les Munro remained a hero to the last – by putting them up for sale in honour of his fallen comrades. The 95-year-old RAF squadron leader, now the only surviving pilot of the legendary raid, is to auction the medals to help pay for the upkeep of Britain’s recently built memorial to the 55,573 airmen killed in the war. Scroll down for video . Donation: Squadron Leader Les Munro, 95, pictured, who is the last surviving Dambusters commander, hopes to raise £50,000 for the Bomber Command Memorial in London by selling his war medals . Up for auction: Les Munro will sell his medal for New Zealand Order of Merit, above and, pictured left to right his medals for Distinguished Service Order, New Zealand Queen's Service Order, Distinguished Flying Cross, 1939-45 Star; Air Crew Europe Star with clasp France and Germany, Italy Star; Defence and War Medals 1939-45, New Zealand Service Medal 1939-45, and the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal . Among them is the Distinguished Service Order awarded for completing 41 operations and his Distinguished Flying Cross for bravery in 21 sorties over Europe. Yesterday he revealed he was inspired to make the selfless gesture after being moved by a visit to the Bomber Command Memorial in London. The medals are expected to fetch around £50,000 when they are sold with his flying logs and other memorabilia this month, but Squadron Leader Munro has pledged to donate the proceeds to the RAF Benevolent Fund, the welfare charity that maintains the memorial in Green Park. He said he wanted to do so ‘out of comradeship’ for the airmen who never came home. He added it was a ‘travesty’ that the ‘magnificent memorial’ – dedicated to British and Commonwealth airmen and ground crew after a campaign led by the Daily Mail and others – was not unveiled until 2012, more than 67 years after the war ended. Squadron Leader Munro is described as ‘one of the great heroes’ of 617 Squadron, the elite air crew responsible for some of the most strategically critical bombing successes of the war. Remembered: The Bomber Command Memorial is dedicated to the 55,573 airmen and ground staff killed during the Second World War. It costs £50,000 a year to maintain, and Les Munro wants to help pay for it . Service: Les Munro leaning out of the cockpit of his Lancaster Bomber , which he flew on the Dambusters raid. The plane was hit over Holland and he managed to fly it home with a gaping hole in the body . Hero: Les Munro (left) being introduced to George VI, centre, by Wing Commander Guy Gibson VC, right, who led 617 Squadron on the Dambusters raid . Comrades: Les Munro (centre at front) with his crew in front of the Lancaster Bomber he flew on the raid that smashed two dams . The men of Bomber Command suffered huge losses in the Second World War, with 45 out of every 100 airmen killed. But permanent memorial for Bomber Command wasn't built for 67 years due to the controversy of thousands of German civilians who died during the bombings of its cities. In 2010 German politicians called for plans for the memorial to be abandoned out of respect for the civilian casualties. Backed by Bild, their country's biggest daily newspaper, they said the idea was offensive to the 25,000 victims of the raid on Dresden in 1945. Bee Gees singer Robin Gibb, a key supporter, said at the time: 'Anyone speaking against it should be thoroughly ashamed of themselves. 'The whole world, including Germany, is free today because of Bomber Command's sacrifice.' But 67 years after the war ended the £3.5million RAF memorial was created at the Piccadilly entrance to Green Park in London. Built from Portlandstone, it is open to the sky with the entrance made from sections of a Halifax bomber shot down during the war. A sculpture inside marks the loss of the plane's seven crew. Foremost among them was the 1943 precision raid that destroyed dams in Germany’s industrial heartland, crippling armament factories along the Ruhr valley. The ‘bouncing bomb’ attack was immortalized 12 years later in the film The Dam Busters, starring Michael Redgrave. Munro, then a flight lieutenant, was piloting one of the Lancaster bombers to the dams when the aircraft was hit by flak, smashing a gaping hole into the rear fuselage, damaging equipment vital to sighting the target and wiping out all communications. The crew realised they would be ‘a menace’ to their fellow airmen without radio contact, and could jeopardise the entire mission by carrying on. Against difficult odds, Munro saved the lives of his crew by flying the plane home safely, still carrying its specially designed mine. The raid claimed the lives of 53 of the 133 crew on the mission, among them eight commanding officers. Wing Commander Guy Gibson, who led the mission and received the Victoria Cross, said he was ‘a most charming fellow – one of those types who can always be relied upon to do the right thing at the right moment’. Munro, promoted afterwards to squadron leader, went on to lead successful raids on German arms factories, rocket sites and U-boat pens all over Europe. After the war he returned to his native New Zealand, where his Glasgow-born father had emigrated in 1903 to become a shepherd and start a family. His New Zealand medals for post-war service in regional politics are being sold with his other medals and campaign stars at the auction in London on March 25. Christopher Hill, of auctioneers Dix Noonan Webb, described him as ‘a remarkable man whose spirit of adventure never left him’. Mike Neville, RAF Benevolent Fund director of strategy and fundraising, said: ‘Les will consider it a small sacrifice compared to the sacrifice made by thousands of comrades in the war.’ Old friends: Les Munro (left) shares a joke with Wing Commander Leonard Cheshire VC, who took over as 617 Squadron commander, at a 1986 reunion in New Zealand . | Les Munro, 95, flew Lancaster on raid on dams using bouncing bombs . He hopes to raise £50,000 for upkeep of the central London RAF memorial . Built to remember 55,573 aircrew and groundstaff who died in WW2 . Not finished until 2013 after row with Germany over respect for their dead . Sq Ldr Munro's Lancaster bomber was hit by Nazi fire over Holland on raid . But he flew plane back to UK with a gaping hole, saving lives of his crew . |
Given this paragraph about the First Treaty that was signed after the Russo-Japanese War, was there a secret component? | After the Russo-Japanese War, the First Treaty was signed on 30 July 1907 by Motono Ichirō, the Japanese Ambassador in Moscow, and Alexander Izvolsky, the Foreign Minister of Russian. The treaty was divided into two parts: one is open agreement, which respected the treaties concluded between the two countries and China, respected China's independence, promoted open doors, and achieved equal opportunities and another is secret agreement, which defined the scope of Japan's interests in Southern Manchuria and Russia's interests in Northern Manchuria and Japan recognized Russia's interests in Outer Mongolia, and Russia recognized Japan's interests in the Korean Peninsula. | Yes. The second part of the First Treaty contained a secret agreement which defined the political scope of each party's interest. |
From the passage find parts of plant which can be used as scion. Display the results in comma separated format. | Grafting or graftage is a horticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together. The upper part of the combined plant is called the scion (/ˈsaɪən/) while the lower part is called the rootstock. The success of this joining requires that the vascular tissues grow together and such joining is called inosculation. The technique is most commonly used in asexual propagation of commercially grown plants for the horticultural and agricultural trades.
In most cases, one plant is selected for its roots and this is called the stock or rootstock. The other plant is selected for its stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits and is called the scion or cion. The scion contains the desired genes to be duplicated in future production by the stock/scion plant.
In stem grafting, a common grafting method, a shoot of a selected, desired plant cultivar is grafted onto the stock of another type. In another common form called bud grafting, a dormant side bud is grafted onto the stem of another stock plant, and when it has inosculated successfully, it is encouraged to grow by pruning off the stem of the stock plant just above the newly grafted bud.
For successful grafting to take place, the vascular cambium tissues of the stock and scion plants must be placed in contact with each other. Both tissues must be kept alive until the graft has "taken", usually a period of a few weeks. Successful grafting only requires that a vascular connection take place between the grafted tissues. Research conducted in Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls has shown that the connection of phloem takes place after three days of initial grafting, whereas the connection of xylem can take up to seven days. Joints formed by grafting are not as strong as naturally formed joints, so a physical weak point often still occurs at the graft because only the newly formed tissues inosculate with each other. The existing structural tissue (or wood) of the stock plant does not fuse. | stems, leaves, flowers, fruits |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | International Women's Day represents the opportunity to celebrate the achievements of women and to be thankful for their positive contributions to daily life. Cesc Fabregas was certainly in the spirit of that message, with a romantic Instagram Post dedicated to his partner Daniella Semaan. The Chelsea midfielder is pictured pecking Semaan on the cheek and captions the snap cutely, 'Another year next to you...I love you so much.' Cesc Fabregas has taken to Instagram to declare his love for partner Daniella Semaan (right) Fabregas announced in January that he was expecting his second child with Semaan . The long-term couple already have one child together and are expecting their second later this year. Fabregas is enjoying a productive first season back in the Premier League since returning to England, having joined Chelsea last summer from Barcelona in a £35 million move. The Spanish playmaker has scored four goals and made 18 assists in 36 appearances for the Blues so far this term. Fabregas is pulled back by West Ham captain Kevin Nolan (left) during the Premier League game . Fabregas tussles with Newcastle United midfielder Jack Colback (left) during the game at St James' Park . | Cesc Fabregas has declared his love for his girlfriend on Instagram . The Chelsea midfielder is expecting his second child with Daniella Semaan . Fabregas has been in superb form for The Blues this season . He has scored four goals and made 18 assists . |
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