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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Islamabad, Pakistan (CNN)Police have arrested more than 500 parents in and around the northwestern Pakistani city of Peshawar for not allowing their children to get the polio vaccine, an official said Tuesday. Peshawar Deputy Commissioner Riaz Khan Mehsud told CNN that the 513 arrests took place Monday and Tuesday as part of a government campaign to administer polio vaccines in parts of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Those arrested will be released on bail if they sign an affidavit stating that they will let their children get vaccinated, according to the deputy commissioner. Pakistan's vaccination rate is inordinately low for a number of reasons, including attacks on medical workers, the displacement of people due to ongoing military operations and a lack of trust by some families. Whatever the reason, the fact that a large number of children are not immunized is having an impact. Such vaccines are credited with wiping out polio in most parts of the world. But Pakistan is an exception, according to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, a public-private partnership that includes the World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The South Asian nation leads all others in new polio cases in recent years, and has nine of this year's 10 reported cases. In 2014, Pakistan had 327 cases. The next closest country was Nigeria, with 36 cases. Authorities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province hope to ensure that 2.7 million children there get vaccine drops. They've learned about more than 13,000 cases in which parents have not done so since a provincial campaign began two weeks ago, Mehsud said. Dr. Bilal Ahmad, a UNICEF team leader based in Pakistan, called authorities' unprecedented move a last-ditch effort to clear polio from "cluster" zones where large numbers of families have refused to get their children vaccinated. "First the workers (try to) convince them, then their supervisors, then senior members of the community," Ahmad said. "(This government action) is the final step in eradicating this issue." Polio is a highly infectious viral disease that primarily affects young children, sometimes leading to paralysis and death. The virus is easily preventable through immunization, but there's no cure once it is contracted. It went from being a health issue to a security issue after U.S. intelligence officials used a vaccination program to help in their hunt for Osama bin Laden in 2011. Under cover of the program, the CIA sought to collect DNA samples from relatives of the al Qaeda leader to verify his presence in a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. CIA policy: Won't use vaccination programs as part of operations . Those administering the vaccines have become targets, with the National Emergency Operations Center reporting that more than 70 medical workers have been killed in attacks since December 2012. And in June 2012, Pakistani Taliban commander Hafiz Gul Bahadur announced that polio vaccines would be banned in another Pakistani province -- North Waziristan -- because of drone strikes there. Bahadur called the strikes "worse than polio." CNN's Sophia Saifi reported from Islamabad, and CNN's Greg Botelho wrote this report from Atlanta. | Official: Parents who sign affidavit vowing to vaccinate their children will be released . Pakistan has more new polio cases than any other country . Militants have targeted health workers administering vaccines for years . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsenal goalkeeper David Ospina has heaped praise on Radamel Falcao, claiming his international team-mate can be an 'amazing player' for Manchester United. The shot-stopper will be in Arsenal's FA Cup squad to face United on Monday night, and despite it being unclear whether he or Wojciech Szczesny will start in goal, Ospina will be making sure his team-mates are well aware of Falcao's threat. 'We haven't spoken about the match but we are in contact and I am absolutely convinced and can say with all confidence that Falcao is a player with a winning attitude, he has a strong mentality and is a great professional,' Ospina told the Evening Standard. Radamel Falcao has failed to impress at Manchester United after scoring just four goals in 20 matches . Falcao's international team-mate David Ospina (right) has praised the striker, calling him a 'great professional' 'He has demonstrated that in every team he has ever played in. When he has stability and continuity, he will come to the forefront and he is going to be an amazing player for Manchester United,' Ospina continued. 'We will never underestimate him. He is an excellent forward and I will hope to stop him scoring any goals against us if I play.' Ospina has been instrumental in Arsenal's recent run of form, nailing down the No 1 spot for Arsene Wenger's side. Manchester United are undecided on whether to give Falcao a permanent deal when his loan spell ends . Ospina believes that Falcao (left) can be an 'amazing player' for United if he is given the chance . Despite this, Szczesny was in goal for the Gunners' previous two FA Cup ties and has recovered from an illness which ruled him out of the previous match. Whoever is given the nod is likely to face an out-of-sorts Falcao, who is running out of time to prove himself in the red of Manchester United. The Colombian striker, who plays with Ospina for his country, joined United on deadline day last September in a loan move worth £6million, but is yet to secure a permanent contract. It is believed that the club are as yet undecided on whether to trigger a permanent £43m deal, after Falcao's indifferent form has produced just four goals in 20 matches. Falcao and Ospina have history, as they both play international football for Columbia . Falcao celebrates his last goal for Manchester United, at the end of January against Leicester City . | Radamel Falcao joined Manchester United on loan in September . He has failed to impress, scoring just four goals in 20 matches . International team-mate David Ospina thinks he can be an amazing player . Ospina, who is gearing up to face Falcao and United in the FA Cup on Monday, says he is a 'great professional' with a 'strong mentality' CLICK HERE for all the team news ahead of Monday night's match . |
From the passage provided, extract the year when iPhones first came with satellite communications. | Apple directly sub-contracts hardware production to external OEM companies, maintaining a high degree of control over the end product. The iPhone contains most of the hardware parts of a typical modern smartphone. Some hardware elements, such as 3D Touch and the Taptic Engine, are unique to the iPhone. The main hardware of the iPhone is the touchscreen, with current models offering screens of 4.7 inches and larger. All iPhones include a rear-facing camera; the front-facing camera dates back to the iPhone 4. The iPhone 7 Plus introduced multiple lenses to the rear-facing camera. A range of sensors are also included on the device, such as a proximity sensor, ambient light sensor, accelerometer, gyroscopic sensor, magnetometer, facial recognition sensor or fingerprint sensor (depending on the model) and barometer. In 2022, Apple added satellite communications to the iPhone, with the release of the iPhone 14 and iPhone 14 Pro. | iPhones first came with satellite communications in 2022 with the release of the iPhone 14 and iPhone 14 Pro. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mario Balotelli has turned heads once again with another bizarre Instagram video but this team he professes his support Liverpool ahead of their crucial clash with Manchester United. The Italian striker looks set to return to the squad after missing the clash with Swansea but is unlikely to start for Brendan Rodgers side with his form being less than impressive. Balotelli, however, took to Instagram and posted the video saying he's a Reds fan. Mario Balotelli posted the video on his Instagram page as he professed his support for Liverpool . 'I support Liverpool, no matter what I support Liverpool especially tomorrow. But remember I do what I want, I do what I want and remember...yes? No? Yes? Cool.' Liverpool can continue their surge for the Champions League places with a win on Sunday against Louis van Gaal's side. The Red's can leapfrog United into fourth and will put themselves just three points off Arsenal, who squeezed past Newcastle on Saturday. The Italian striker returns to the squad after missing the midweek victory against Swansea . The Liverpool players were in high spirits in training this week at the clubs Melwood training complex . | Mario Balotelli showed his support to Liverpool ahead of Sunday's game . Brendan Rodgers side face Champions League rivals Manchester United . Balotelli returns to the squad after missing the victory against Swansea . Click here for all the latest Liverpool news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | No-one will linger long over this. At some point on Thursday morning it will be gone, expunged from the memory, all thoughts turning to a significant European Championship qualifier with Gibraltar on Sunday. For both nations this was what it was. An improving Northern Ireland have their own qualifier against Finland and, like the Scots, had an eye on the bigger prize. The 85th-minute corner from debutant Matt Ritchie which placed the ball onto the head of goalscoring substitute Christophe Berra salvaged the night from irrelevance. Christophe Berra gets above his marker to head the ball into the corner for a late winner for Scotland . Berra celebrates his late goal, which was one of the few memorable moments in a game lacking intensity or quality . The Ipswich Town centre back celebrates with his team-mates after securing the win five minutes from time . Steven Fletcher gets a shot away, one of few clear cut chances created by either team, but was unable to put his team ahead . The Sunderland striker is denied again by Michael McGovern as he goes through one on one to try and break the deadlock . Scotland: Gordon (McGregor 45 mins), Whittaker (Russell 78), Greer, Martin (Berra 45), Forsyth, McArthur (Morrison 63), Darren Fletcher, Ritchie, Maloney (Naismith 45), Steven Fletcher (Rhodes 63), Anya. Subs not used: Brown, May, Robertson, Hutton, Bannan, Reynolds, , Forrest, Marshall. Goal: Berra 85 . Northern Ireland: McGovern, Danny Lafferty, Jonny Evans (McCullough 81), Baird 9Hodson58), Dallas, Reeves (Ryan McLaughlin 70), McNair, Hughes, Norwood (Davis 69), Magennis (McKay 75), Grigg (McCourt 58). Subs: Mannus, Conor McLaughlin, Kyle Lafferty, Brunt, Ward, Cathcart. Referee: Martin Atkinson (England) A captain’s performance from Darren Fletcher was also worthy of note. Throw in some decent runs and crosses from Derby left back Craig Forsyth in his first start and Gordon Strachan will take value from this. With Ikechi Anya, the enigmatic Watford winger who tried his utmost to enliven a comatose friendly, there was evidence of a promising new line of attack. Yet the truth is this. It was no night for snap judgments. Strachan fiddled with his resources, never really fielding anything resembling his strongest first 11. At times this was a stark reminder of why the Home International Championships are now a distant, mothballed relic. ‘I thought it was important to win this game,’ said the Scotland boss. ‘Just to make us feel good about ourselves. The performance was good at times. We got used to the pitch as well - which is a bit slick. Northern Ireland have improved immensely over the last year, beating Hungary and Greece.’ They never threatened a repeat. Their boss Michael O’Neill, an old face on the Scottish scene, said: ‘For us I thought there were more positive than negatives. But we didn’t get enough good balls in the box. We left a lot of our first-choice players out, seven or eight of our players that will probably start on Sunday [against Finland].’ Berra’s breakthrough came in his first appearance for his country since November 2013. It came late, as people crept towards the exits, resigning themselves to a mediocre scoreless draw. The Ipswich defender’s header from the penalty spot crept through a ruck of bodies and into the net via the inside of the post. Northern Ireland's Stuart Dallas carries the ball away from Shaun Maloney as both sides warmed up for competitive football . Scotland captain Darren Fletcher issues instructions from his position in front of the back four . Ikechi Anya (right), who was one of Scotland's livelier players, takes on Manchester United defender Patrick McNair on the wing . It was a reward Scotland just about deserved. They had given it a go in the opening half, but looked to have run out of ideas after a raft of substitutions. Thank goodness for Anya, a cult figure amongst the Tartan Army, who brings an energy and industry to his work. Even on nights like this. Nights when, bluntly, others can’t quite find their game. Reared a mile or so from Hampden his endeavour and tempo kept things interesting when an unspecified crowd estimated at less than 30,000 allowed their minds to drift towards the latest plot on Coronation Street. Anya was at the heart of the first major chance in just four minutes, scurrying down the left flank and playing a one-two with Forsyth. A sharp cut-back was turned towards goal at the second attempt, Northern Ireland keeper Michael McGovern – also Hamilton’s keeper – producing a terrific save to push the ball over the bar. The early touch gave the keeper confidence. He would need it as Anya embarked on a one-man war of attrition. The little winger, whose goal in Germany last September has already become an iconic moment, was hellbent on adding to his tally. He smashed a low right-foot shot from 20 yards in nine minutes. Scuttled forward and hit one wide with his right in 20. Then wasted a great chance after James McArthur nicked the ball off the toe of Chris Baird and teed him up two minutes later, thumping past the post again. Dallas goes up for a header against Steven Whittaker as the two sides attempted to stamp their authority on the friendly fixture . Bournemouth star Matt Ritchie, who made his debut in Wednesday night's game, controls the ball in midfield . It took half an hour for another Scotland player to have a crack on goal, Steven Fletcher’s low shot from 18 yards taken comfortably by McGovern. Five years have passed since Fletcher, Sunderland’s £14million man, last scored for his country. The only strike in 19 appearances for a player people screamed for during the infamous Craig Levein spat. No-one remembers the goal – in a 2-1 World Cup qualifying win over Iceland in April 2009. Instead they remember Barry Ferguson’s V-sign to photographers or goalkeeper Allan McGregor’s smirk in the aftermath of the infamous Boozegate episode. A Steven Fletcher goal celebration in a Scotland shirt is now a solitary event. He had another chance to change that before half-time, making the run to take a Maloney pass and trying to dink a shot over McGovern. To his credit the Irish keeper – an old hand around these parts – would not be beaten. Fletcher lasted an hour before accepting that this, once more, would not be his night for a goal. Manchester United's Jonny Evans (left), the Northern Ireland captain, holds off Steven Whittaker as the ball goes past . McGovern gets up well to punch away, under pressure from Scotland striker Steven Fletcher, as McNair watches on . The substitutions are a necessary nuisance in these games. Keen to try as many players out as possible before Sunday, Strachan made plenty. Steven Naismith and, critically, Berra joined McGregor as half-time replacements, the Hull City No1 replacing Celtic’s Craig Gordon. On the hour mark, James Morrison and Jordan Rhodes – Fletcher’s replacement - were also handed a half hour to turn things around. For Northern Ireland, the arrival of the mercurial Paddy McCourt - scorer of extraordinary goals for Celtic - and former Rangers skipper Steven Davis also raised interest levels. For Matt Ritchie, it was a tentative, but promising debut. He ran around a lot and showed sharpness, and almost made the decisive impact in 69 minutes – taking a neat lay off from Naismith and thrashing a long-range shot a couple of yards wide. With the best assist record in English football, he also takes a decent corner. A swirling inswinging ball picked out Naismith for a firm header which hit the target, but failed to seriously trouble the confident figure of McGovern. Ritchie had better luck with his delivery from a corner five minutes from time when Berra claimed his third goal for Scotland. And just when Northern Ireland boss O’Neill thought his young, inexperienced side had come through the game unscathed. Against a Gibraltar team who have shipped 21 goals in four qualifiers, O’Neill expects Scotland to do likewise. ‘There is a lot more depth in the Scotland squad at this moment in time,’ he said. ‘They moved the ball well and looked strong and powerful. Anya, in the first 15 or 20 minutes, caused us problems. I don’t anticipate Gibraltar will give you too many problems. I certainly hope not.’ In that regard he probably spoke for a nation. Anya and McNair battle for the ball in a game that had plenty of endeavour without much quality from either side . The teams observed a minute's applause for the late Dave Mackay before the game at Hampden Park . | Christophe Berra heads in 85th minute winner in front of sparse crowd . Steven Fletcher misses best chances in tight first half, as Scotland dominate but struggle to create . Scotland face Gibraltar on Sunday, while Northern Ireland are at home to Finland on the same day . |
Extract the owner of Lamborghini and a listing of the different types of Huracan cars that Lamborghini has produced for its Motorsport division. | Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [autoˈmɔːbili lamborˈɡiːni]) is an Italian manufacturer of luxury sports cars and SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese. The company is owned by the Volkswagen Group through its subsidiary Audi.
Ferruccio Lamborghini (1916–1993), an Italian manufacturing magnate, founded Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A. in 1963 to compete with Ferrari. The company was noted for using a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout. Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first decade, but sales plunged in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis. The firm's ownership changed three times after 1973, including a bankruptcy in 1978. American Chrysler Corporation took control of Lamborghini in 1987 and sold it to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994. In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division.
New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand. In the late 2000s, during the worldwide financial crisis and the subsequent economic crisis, Lamborghini's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 per cent.
Lamborghini currently produces the V12-powered Aventador and the V10-powered Huracán, along with the Urus SUV powered by a twin-turbo V8 engine. In addition, the company produces V12 engines for offshore powerboat racing.
Lamborghini Trattori, founded in 1948 by Ferruccio Lamborghini, is headquartered in Pieve di Cento, Italy and continues to produce tractors. Since 1973, Lamborghini Trattori has been a separate entity from the automobile manufacturer.
History
Main article: History of Lamborghini
Ferruccio Lamborghini with a Jarama and a tractor of his brand
Manufacturing magnate Italian Ferruccio Lamborghini founded the company in 1963 with the objective of producing a refined grand touring car to compete with offerings from established marques such as Ferrari. The company's first models, such as the 350 GT, were released in the mid-1960s. Lamborghini was noted for the 1966 Miura sports coupé, which used a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout.
Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first ten years, but sales fell in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis. Ferruccio Lamborghini sold the company to Georges-Henri Rossetti and René Leimer and retired in 1974. The company went bankrupt in 1978, and was placed in the receivership of brothers Jean-Claude and Patrick Mimran in 1980. The Mimrans purchased the company out of receivership by 1984 and invested heavily in its expansion. Under the Mimrans' management, Lamborghini's model line was expanded from the Countach to include the Jalpa sports car and the LM002 high-performance off-road vehicle.
The Mimrans sold Lamborghini to the Chrysler Corporation in 1987. After replacing the Countach with the Diablo and discontinuing the Jalpa and the LM002, Chrysler sold Lamborghini to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994. In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division. New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand Lamborghini. In the late 2000s, during the worldwide financial crisis and the subsequent economic crisis, Lamborghini's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 per cent.
In 2021, the CEO of Lamborghini said that by 2024 all its models will be hybrid.
Automobiles produced
Lamborghini Motorsport Division Squadra Corse produces GT3 cars and cars for their Super Trofeo events based on the Gallardo and Huracán. Apart from them, the Squadra Corse builds cars upon customer request.
GT3 and Super Trofeo Cars
Gallardo LP 570-4 Super Trofeo
Gallardo LP 560-4 Super Trofeo
Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO
Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO2
Huracán Super Trofeo GT2
Huracán GT3
Huracán GT3 Evo
Huracán GT3 Evo 2
Special cars
These cars were built by Squadra Corse upon customer request.
Essenza SCV12
SC18 Alston
SC20 | Vokswagen Group owns Lamborghini through its subsidiary, Audi.
Lamborghini has produced the following Huracan motorsport models:
- Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO
- Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo EVO2
- Huracán Super Trofeo GT2
- Huracán GT3
- Huracán GT3 Evo
- Huracán GT3 Evo 2 |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Javier Mascherano hailed Lionel Messi's impact on Barcelona's march into the Champions League on Wednesday night at Manchester City's expense. 'I have never seen anything like him (Messi). It is the way he dominates a game that sets him apart, ' said the Argentine who also admitted the problems the club had earlier in the season have helped knock them into shape. He said: 'A clip around the ear can sometimes shake you up and be the best thing.' Javier Mascherano hailed Lionel Messi's impact on Barcelona's march into Champions League quarter-finals . Messi was outstanding for Barcelona as Manchester City were dumped out of the Champions League . Full-back Jordi Alba added: 'Messi is the best player in the world and he gave another recital tonight.' Mascherano admitted trying to advise Barca keeper Marc Andre ter Stegen on which way to dive for Sergio Aguero's penalty. 'I know from international duty how he takes spot-kicks' said the midfielder. The Barca keeper admitted being advised by both Mascherano and Rafinha but in the end made his own mind up and stopped Aguero's shot. The German keeper saved a Messi spot kick in a game against Argentina and had studied his compatriot's record from the spot. It was Manchester City Joe Hart who impressed Barca coach Luis Enrique. He said: 'The game would have ended earlier if it had not been for Hart, his performance was spectacular.' Messi and goalkeeper Joe Hart were involved in a memorable duel at the Nou Camp on Wednesday night . Barcelona forward Messi shakes hands with City goalkeeper Hart after failing to beat the No 1 . And the rest of Spain was left in awe at the display. La Liga statistician Mister Chip tweeted that his performance was the best since Iker Casillas – the last keeper to make 10 saves in the competition in one game – against Juventus in the group stages in 2013. Hart's 10 stops came after he saved the penalty in the first leg that kept the game open in the second leg. Many Spanish supporters took to Twitter to hail Hart's display. One tweet read: 'Hart has made more saves tonight than Iker Casillas all season.' His performance even had some speculating on the possibility that he will now be on Real Madrid's all-encompassing radar. Barcleona now go into Sunday's Clasico in fine form. Alba added: 'The Clasico is always different but a big win always gives a team confidence.' Mascherano (right) hugs Andres Iniesta after Barcelona's 1-0 win at the Nou Camp . VIDEO Enrique hails 'special night' for Barca . | Barcelona beat Manchester City 1-0 (agg 3-1) at the Nou Camp . Lionel Messi was outstanding for Barca as they knocked City out . Messi nutmegged James Milner and left the midfielder on his backside . Javier Mascherano on Messi: 'I have never seen anything like him' CLICK HERE for all the latest Barcelona news and reaction from Spain . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Robert Downey Jr. may be Iron Man in the popular Marvel superhero films, but he recently dealt in some advanced bionic technology himself. Downey recently presented a robotic arm to young Alex Pring, a Central Florida boy who is missing his right arm from just above his elbow. The arm was made by Limbitless Solutions, a volunteer group started by Albert Manero, a University of Central Florida engineering PhD student, to make free bionic arms for kids. Through 3-D printing technology, Alex and others have had the chance to get a robotic arm so they can use their limbs again. Alex received his robotic arm in the summer, then later had it upgraded to resemble a "Transformers" arm. This past Saturday, Alex received an even more impressive gift, from "Tony Stark" himself. Downey met with Alex in an Atlanta hotel room. The actor showed the child two arms, one from Downey's movies and one for Alex: a real, working robotic Iron Man arm. As they both tried theirs on, they compared the lights inside their palms. The video was posted Thursday by Downey as well as Microsoft, which arranged the meeting as part of its social media campaign, The Collective Project, celebrating students using technology to change the world. It very quickly went viral on social media. Alex is 7, in first grade and a huge superhero fan. His mom told him they were going to Atlanta to meet Manero and a specialist who were working on a new arm for the boy. "He didn't question it much, so we kind of just went with it," his mom, Alyson Pring, told CNN. "Afterward, I asked, 'Why were you so quiet?' He said, 'I was freaking out!' " After giving him the new arm, Downey invited Alex to hang out with him in Atlanta this summer when he's filming the new Captain America movie. Manero met Alex through E-Nable, a volunteer network that matches people who have 3-D printers with children who need limbs. Alex's mom wanted to get him a replacement hand because he was being teased. "Whenever people saw him, they'd say, 'What's wrong with your arm?' " Alyson Pring said. "Now it's, 'Your arm is amazing, you're so cool ... it helps educate people to maybe think twice before saying something like, 'Why are you like that'?" The prop master for the Marvel movies built the case for Downey Jr.'s arm and the case for the little boy's arm. The college students made the actual arm for Pring, from the design to the painting to the robotics, said David Beauparlant, marketing manager at Microsoft. "You couldn't even do this stuff not too long ago. It's amazing what the 3-D printing can do," he said. To find out more about Alex and the Collective Project, here's our recent story on the topic of 3-D printed limbs. | "Iron Man" star Robert Downey Jr. presents a young child with a bionic arm . Alex Pring's mother says her son had been teased about not having an arm . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Israel's next prime minister -- whether incumbent Benjamin Netanyahu or Labor Party leader Isaac Herzog -- will be faced with a myriad of international and domestic crises amid deepening tensions with the United States, its closest ally. Here are five key issues waiting in the new leader's inbox after Tuesday's election. 1. Repairing relations with the United States . There are any number of irritants -- from settlement construction to failed peace talks to Israeli military action in Gaza and Lebanon -- which have long tested the alliance between Washington and Israel. But ties have grown increasingly strained between President Barack Obama and Netanyahu, playing out over the last several years in a series of awkward photo-ops, anonymous quotes in U.S. and Israeli media and tense body language. Relations hit a low point recently with Netanyahu's speech to Congress criticizing President Obama's policy toward Iran about its nuclear program. Repairing ties with the White House becomes easier if the next government is formed under Herzog, who has pledged to "restore intimacy and trust" with the leadership in Washington. Repairing ties becomes more difficult if Netanyahu remains in office. For all its official praise for the "unshakable bonds" between the U.S. and Israel, the White House sees Netanyahu as the problem. If Netanyahu is re-elected, they will have to work with him. Personal relations may be fraught now, but Obama has never suggested watering down or delaying mostly military U.S. aid to Israel, which amounts to $3 billion a year. Privately, however, U.S. officials have warned the level of Washington's political support for Israel with allies and at the United Nations could be affected by Netanyahu's attitude toward the Obama administration. 2. Confronting Iran . World powers are pushing toward a framework nuclear deal with Iran before the March 31 deadline. The next prime minister will take office shortly before a July deadline for a final deal and will need to reach key understandings with Washington on what security and diplomatic guarantees the United States will provide Israel if the deal goes forward. In addition, Israel will want input on what constitutes a violation of the deal and what would trigger punitive measures if Iran reneges. If he remains in office, Netanyahu's differing perceptions of the threat posed by Iran will undoubtedly come to a head as that deadline approaches. Netanyahu has been clear he believes history has handed him the role of delivering the Jewish state from an existential threat posed by Tehran's nuclear ambitions. He worries that the agreement that emerges will leave Iran as a nuclear "threshold state" with the materials and expertise to quickly break out and build a nuclear weapon. Herzog has similarly said he would never accept a nuclear Iran and stresses all options are on the table, including the military options. But he has suggested as prime minister he would work closer with the Obama administration and other governments negotiating with Iran to strengthen a deal, rather than try and block the deal through the US Congress. Beyond the nuclear deal, the next Israeli will leader will face an increasingly emboldened Iran in the region. Beyond it's longstanding support to Hezbollah in Lebanon and backing of the al-Assad government in Syria, Iran has extended its involvement in Iraq's battle against ISIS and has provided support to Houthis in Yemen. Israeli officials say Iran is actively working to open up a front against Israel in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. Iran said in January an Iranian general had been killed in an Israeli airstrike in the area. 3. Solving problems with Palestinians . The breakdown last April of peace talks led by Secretary of State John Kerry led the Palestinians to take unilateral steps in international forums such as the United Nations and the International Criminal Court. In response, Israel has halted delivering tax revenues, which it collects on the Palestinians' behalf, seriously squeezing their economy. Now the Palestinians are threatening to halt security cooperation with Israel. Coupled with a lack of a viable peace process and a potential economic collapse of the Palestinian authority, the lack of security coordination would present a total breakdown of cooperation between the two sides. The next Israeli leader will need to stop this free fall before this dangerous cocktail of instability leads to further chaos and perhaps a third intifada. The differences between Netanyahu and Herzog seem to be more style than substance. During the campaign, Netanyahu has hedged on his longstanding support for a two-state solution, but has not abandoned the idea entirely. Herzog has pledged to restart the peace process, but has expressed skepticism about whether Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas is a reliable partner. The new prime minister must also deal with an ever worsening humanitarian situation in Gaza, where rebuilding has been slow after last summer's Operation Protective Edge. Egypt has basically cut off the border, further squeezing the strip. While there has been little violence since last year's war, Hamas has not been demilitarized and another round of fighting could be just another matter of time. Although Hamas belongs to a unity government with Abbas' Fatah party, Abbas continues to exercise little influence over the group. 4. Addressing growing social inequality . While Israeli voters traditionally cite security issues as a driving factor, the high cost of living has emerged as a major focus in this election season. Sky-high housing prices are of particular concern. Last month, Israel's state comptroller issued a report finding housing prices in the country rose by 55% between 2008 and 2014. Rising food prices are another key issue. In July 2011, Israel saw a massive wave of social protests centering on the expensive housing market and food prices. Dubbed the "cottage cheese" protests -- because of the rising cost of cottage cheese, a staple in many Israelis pantry -- they were emblematic of a broader concern that Netanyahu's relentless focus on security issues was at the expense of domestic issues. Polls indicate the growing frustration with the economy has resulted in a shift from Netanyahu to Herzog. Herzog has pledged to spend 7 billion shekels (about $1.75 billion U.S.) on affordable housing, health care and other social programs for the middle class, which he called the "sandwich generation." For the most part, Netanyahu has not addressed the economy in his few campaign events, focusing more on his strong security credentials. In recent days, he pointed to a 5% decrease in food prices and an increase in affordable housing during his tenure, but acknowledged that the rising costs of living and housing prices were not "fully addressed" by his government and promised to make the economy a top priority if re-elected. 5. Reversing Israel's isolation on the world stage . Israel's next prime minister will need to repair Israel's increasingly frayed ties with once-friendly countries and its deepening worldwide isolation. Leading opposition candidate Tzipi Livni, who once served as Netanyahu's main peace negotiator, accused Netanyahu of being responsible for a "diplomatic tsunami" against Israel. Indeed, Netanyahu's aggressive style has been cited as a major factor in strained ties with the United States and Europe -- a perception caught in a hot-mic conversation between President Obama and French President Nicolas Sarkozy in 2011, in which Sarkozy lamented he couldn't "bear" Netanyahu, calling him a "liar." Obama replied, "You're fed up with him, but I have to deal with him even more often than you." Regardless of who is Israel's next leader, Israel faces growing worldwide frustration over its policies towards the Palestinians, particularly settlement construction. The European Union, Israel's largest trading partner, is in the process of canceling tax exemptions on Israeli products made in settlements in the occupied West Bank and is considering plans to label the origin of other products made in settlements. Federica Mogherini, the EU's new foreign policy chief, is seeking a greater role in helping to mediate the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In the absence of a viable peace process, several European nations have already recognized a Palestinian state, with several more promising to consider such a move. This makes Israel ever more dependent on U.S. diplomatic support, including its veto at the United Nations. Washington has traditionally defended Israel against Palestinians efforts to achieve recognition at the United Nations and legal action at the International Criminal Court. And it has lobbied its European allies against sanctions on Israeli exports. As with the United States, it would seem easier to repair these frayed ties under a Herzog-led government. If re-elected, Netanyahu will have his work cut out for him . | Benjamin Netanyahu trying to hold leadership post against Isaac Herzog . Iran, relations with Palestinians among key issues . But there also are domestic economic concerns . |
Who is Pana Chand Meghwal | Pana Chand Meghwal is an Indian politician from the Indian National Congress and former member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He was elected to represent the Baran-Atru Constituency. He resigned from Rajasthan assembly on 15 August 2022. Miffed over cases of alleged atrocities on dalits, Congress MLA Pana Chand Meghwal sent his resignation to chief minister Ashok Gehlot, saying he does not have the right to stay as an MLA if he cannot protect the rights of his community. | Pana Chand Meghwal is an Indian politician from the Indian National Congress and former member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He was elected to represent the Baran-Atru Constituency. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)French striker Bafetimbi Gomis, who has a history of fainting, said he is now "feeling well" after collapsing during Swansea's 3-2 loss at Tottenham in the Premier League on Wednesday. The worrying incident occurred in the first half at White Hart Lane -- after Tottenham scored in the seventh minute -- but the 29-year-old left the pitch conscious following about five minutes of treatment. The Guardian added that he was wearing an oxygen mask. Play was temporarily stopped before resuming. As the match progressed, Swansea tweeted that Gomis was "fine," with manager Garry Monk using the same word to describe Gomis' condition. Gomis spent the night in hospital as a precaution, Swansea said on its website. "I wanted to reassure you concerning my health," Gomis told the website. "It actually looks much scarier than it is physically dangerous, and I am feeling well now. "I have been under a great deal of stress and fatigue due to my father's health, which requires me to go back and forth from France. "I was disappointed that I couldn't help my team tonight, but now everything is back in order. I also want to thank everyone for their support and get well messages." Gomis had similar fainting spells in France, which prompted the president of his former club, Jean-Michel Aulas of Lyon, to tell French television in 2009: "We can't not be worried, it scares you each time." Swansea ran tests on Gomis, said Monk, prior to signing him on a free transfer last July. "He just has a little bit of low blood pressure which causes you a little bit of problems," Monk said in a televised interview on Sky. "It's been part of his life. We were well aware of that when we signed him. He's done all the hospital checks and all the medical checks you can possibly do and it's just part of his life. "It's no problems whatsoever. It's not as serious as it looks." Gomis has scored two league goals for Swansea this season, mostly in a backup role. He became the Welsh side's top striker when Wilfried Bony signed with Manchester City in January. Almost exactly three years ago at White Hart Lane, then Bolton midfielder Fabrice Muamba collapsed after suffering a cardiac arrest. He was near death, according to Bolton, but survived after being treated at the London Chest Hospital. He subsequently retired. Other footballers, including Cameroon international Marc-Vivien Foe in 2003 and Spanish international Antonio Puerta in 2007, didn't survive after collapsing on the pitch. | Bafetimbi Gomis collapses within 10 minutes of kickoff at Tottenham . But he reportedly left the pitch conscious and wearing an oxygen mask . Gomis later said that he was "feeling well" The incident came three years after Fabrice Muamba collapsed at White Hart Lane . |
Is ABAKO no longer an active political party? | The Alliance of Bakongo (French: Alliance des Bakongo, or ABAKO) was a Congolese political party, founded by Edmond Nzeza Nlandu, but headed by Joseph Kasa-Vubu, which emerged in the late 1950s as vocal opponent of Belgian colonial rule in what today is the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Additionally, the organization served as the major ethno-religious organization for the Kongo people (also known as Bakongo) and became closely intertwined with the Kimbanguist Church which was extremely popular in the lower Congo. | Correct, The Alliance of Bakongo, or ABAKO, is no longer a political party. |
Why was the movie The Happytime Murders given such bad reviews if it was award winning? | The Happytime Murders was released on August 24, 2018, by STXfilms. It received mostly negative reviews from critics for its humor, performances and story, though the puppetry received praise. The film was a box-office bomb, grossing $27.5 million worldwide against a $40–47 million budget. The film received six nominations at the 39th Golden Raspberry Awards, including Worst Picture, and Worst Actress for McCarthy who won that award. | The Golden Raspberry Awards, also known as the Razzies, is a parody award show. They celebrate the failures in cinema. Their tagline is "Own Your Bad" and often celebrities that are nominated for a Razzie take it in jest. Sometimes the roles or categories a movie is nominated in the Razzies are also nominated for Oscars or other acclaimed awards. The Happytime Murders film, however, was only nominated for parody awards such as the Razzies. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Aston Villa Tim Sherwood spoke exclusively to Sportsmail's Chief Sports Writer Martin Samuel this week, covering all topics from touchline antics to his spell with Tottenham. Here are the top 10 quotes from that brilliant interview. Aston Villa spoke to Sportsmail's Chief Sports Writer Martin Samuel in an exclusive interview this week . Sherwood on his leadership qualities . ‘I think I can be a leader of men, but you’re not born with that attitude. In the maternity ward, it’s not girls, boys and natural leaders. You have to become that.’ Sherwood on his touchline antics and emotional nature . 'I could try acting. I could sit down and make little notes and everyone would say I’ve matured. But I know that’s impossible. I can’t imagine being any different 500 games in. People thought I would calm down as a player, but I didn’t. The day I retired I was the same lunatic that made his debut for Watford in 1987. I can’t believe the other managers are not as emotionally involved as I am, either. I think they’re all like me inside. Sherwood says he can't believe other managers are not as emotionally involved as he is . Sherwood on his Aston Villa side . ‘We’re like Everton. I don’t think we’ve got a group of players who are cut out for a relegation battle. We can’t be the Crystal Palace of last year, or the West Brom of this year. Digging in, blood and thunder, lump the ball in, protecting a lead, that’s not us. Our squad is better on the ball, they’re more suited to pushing for a place in the Europa League. Sherwood on his players stepping up . ‘The players have a duty, a responsibility to fix this mess. I don’t want to hear crap about how difficult it is to play at home. Playing for a big club comes with pressure. Anyone can do it for a lesser team — but you have to have b******s to play for Aston Villa. This is a big club. 'Aston Villa are like Everton... they're not a group of players who are cut out for a relegation battle' Sherwood on not listening to criticism . ‘When I was at Blackburn there were times when it was difficult. My name would be read out and there were a few groans. I didn’t care. I’d sometimes tell David Batty, “I’ll give it away more times than you’ll get it this afternoon.” Sherwood on Nabil Bentaleb . ‘I’d watched him in training. Every day was like his last on earth. He would cry if he lost a five-a-side. He played and never looked back. Sherwood says he loved the way Nabil Bentaleb 'played and never looked back' last season at Tottenham . Sherwood on telling Redknapp to take Bale off in the San Siro . ‘Harry’s going mad. “Get f****** Gareth off?” he says. “He’s the only f****** chance we’ve got.” He keeps him on, he scores a hat-trick, gets us back to 4-3 and if it goes another 10 minutes, we win. The kid’s career springboards from that performance. Sherwood on playing with passion . ‘The coaches used to call me Tackler Tim, or some rubbish. One day, I put one in and he said to Graham Taylor, “Why’s he keep doing that?” I’ve never forgotten his answer. “Brian, you know that shirt you wear on Saturday?” he said. “That’s the shirt he wants.” He was right, too. Take a player like Jack Grealish. I’ve had lots of chats with Jack. He knows what I think. I tell him: “I will take desire over ability every day”. Obviously, the ability can’t be too low. But if you have the ability — and he has — you’ll make it if you have desire. Sherwood says you must have the desire and talent to make it at the top these days . The young manager was appointed last month to attempt to save Aston Villa's season . Sherwood on managing players . ‘So I didn’t come in here all guns blazing or wanting to be their headmaster. You can’t get personal these days, get your hair cut, and all that nonsense. You’ve got to move with the times. I left the stick at home, and the tickling brush. Now I feel I know them a bit better. Some get a whack, others a tickle. Sherwood on Tottenham . ‘I don’t want to be scrapping around; I want to take them forward. I think I did that at Tottenham. I didn’t leave a crumbling house — Mauricio Pochettino has done a good job, but he had it laid out for him, with players like Kane and Bentaleb. Sherwood on managing players: 'Some get a whack, others get a tickle' (pictured with Emmanuel Adebayor) | READ MARTIN SAMUEL'S EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH TIM SHERWOOD . Sherwood speaks about his emotional touchline antics and passion . Aston Villa manager compares club to Everton who should aim higher . Says it is a 'massive club' and also talks about leadership quality . Sherwood was let go as Tottenham manager at the end of last season . |
Extract which animals Waddell played with and which ones he fought with from the text. Separate them with a comma, putting the ones he played with first. | Waddell's career wound through a number of teams. He was notably unpredictable; early in his career, he once left in the middle of a game to go fishing. He also had a longstanding fascination with fire trucks and ran off the field to chase after them during games on multiple occasions. He would disappear for months at a time during the offseason, and it was not known where he went until it was discovered that he was wrestling alligators in a circus. He was easily distracted by opposing fans who held up puppies, which caused him to run over to play with them, and shiny objects, which seemed to put him in a trance. An alcoholic for much of his short life, he reportedly spent his entire first signing bonus on a drinking binge; as a pun of the baseball term "southpaw" denoting a left-handed pitcher, the Sporting News dubbed him a "sousepaw". His eccentric behavior led to constant battles with his managers and scuffles with bad-tempered teammates. | puppies, alligators |
Give me a numbered list of the named characters in the following passage. | lot
Whilst waiting for his dinner at Pleasant's Coffee House, Hercule Poirot meets a young woman named Jennie. She confides in Poirot that she will soon be murdered, and that nothing can be done to stop it; after refusing Poirot's assistance, Jennie departs in distress, and Poirot is unable to find out anymore information from the staff about Jennie or her address. After returning to the guest house where he is staying, Poirot describes the events to Edward Catchpool, an officer at Scotland Yard - Catchpool reveals that he has spent the day investigating three murders at the luxurious Bloxham Hotel; two women and a man, all in separate rooms, were found dead earlier in the evening, each with a monogrammed cufflink (with the letters 'PJI') in their mouths.
The following day, Poirot and Catchpool attend the scene of the crime where they discover more details about the victims with the hotel's owner, Luca Lazzari; the victims (Harriet Sippel, Ida Gransbury and Richard Negus) had all arrived at the hotel separately on the same day; each victim was found in their locked hotel rooms; the murders occurred between 19:15 and 20:10 (all three victims were seen alive at 19:15 by hotel staff); Mr. Negus had booked the rooms for all three victims and paid for them ahead of time; a junior clerk saw Mr. Negus in the reception area 15 minutes after room service was provided for the victims. Later on, it's revealed that all three victims had lived in a village called Great Holling, and that Mr. Negus had been engaged to Ida - in addition, Richard had left Great Holling in 1913 after the deaths of the village vicar and his wife, Patrick and Frances Ives. Poirot sends Catchpool to Great Holling to discover more information about the victims. After arriving in the village, Catchpool meets Margaret Ernst, widow of the most recent vicar for the village. After some reluctance, Margaret relays to Catchpool the events of 1913. The vicar's maid had told Harriet Sippel a rumour that the vicar was taking money from villagers to help them 'communicate' with deceased loved ones. Harriet spread the rumour around the village, with the support of Ida and Mr. Negus. The rumours spiralled until there were calls to remove Ives as Vicar, and Frances' health declined as a result. Eventually, unable to bear the rumours any longer, Frances took her own life, with the heartbroken vicar following shortly afterwards. After some questioning, Catchpool learns that the maid who told the original lie was Jennie Hobbs - the same Jennie that Poirot has been searching for all this time.
Meanwhile, as Catchpool is leaving London, Poirot arranges to meet with Nancy Ducane, a famous artist who was seen to be leaving the hotel shortly after the murders - Nancy was also mentioned in Margaret's story as the villager seen to be visiting the church at night with Ives. During the visit, Nancy recognises the names of various Great Holling residents but refuses to provide anymore details. However, Poirot and Constable Stanley Beer find a pair of keys that correspond to two of the victims' hotel rooms. Whilst visiting the home of Nancy's friend to confirm her alibi, Poirot notes several details from different paintings within the house. Shortly after returning home, Poirot learns from Scotland Yard that a fourth murder has occurred at the Bloxham - with Catchpool, the two gentlemen return to the hotel - they find a pool of blood, a monogrammed cufflink and (to Poirot's dismay) Jennie's hat within the room. After returning to their guest house, Poirot and Catchpool are visited by Nancy, who confesses her connection to the events in Great Holling; she was having an affair with Ives, and Jennie - who was also in love with the vicar - had spread the rumours out of jealousy. Nancy's attempts to placate the villagers by telling the truth were dismissed, and indeed further ruined the reputation of the vicar. The following day, Poirot takes Catchpool to visit the address of Samuel Kidd, the witness who saw Nancy at the hotel. However, instead of Samuel, they are greeted by Jennie Hobbs who - Poirot reveals - was formerly engaged to Samuel before she met the vicar. After listening to her testimony, Poirot and Catchpool return to Great Holling in response to a serious attack on Margaret - after speaking with the village doctor, Ambrose Flowerday, Poirot decides to return to the Bloxham one last time to resolve the case.
At the hotel, Poirot gathers the hotel staff and suspects together to reveal the solution; Nancy Ducane and Jennie Hobbs (with Kidd's assistance) had conspired to kill the three victims. Nancy & Kidd had impersonated Harriet & Mr. Negus at 19.15, and Kidd was the gentleman seen by the clerk at the front desk at 19.30. Nancy confesses to the crimes, but is fatally stabbed by Jennie. At Scotland Yard, Jennie, confesses her side of the story; In 1913, the rumour that Jennie had created was actually intended to save Ives from the scandal of his affair with Nancy. Harriet was convinced that the vicar could help her speak to her dead husband, and upon being refused, viciously spread the rumour in Great Holling. Years later, Mr. Negus contacted Jennie out of remorse for his actions, and the two people hatched a plan to kill all four guilty parties involved in the rumour. Mr. Negus and Jennie would lure Harriet and Ida to the Bloxham under false pretenses and poison them separately; Mr. Negus would then poison Jennie, and finally himself. However, Jennie secretly revealed the plan to Nancy to avoid her own death, and convinced Richard to die before her so that she could find justice against Nancy. Mr. Negus agreed to this plan, and Jennie arranged the scene to look like Mr. Negus had killed himself. Jennie had killed Nancy after she revealed at the meeting that her relationship with Ives had been a physical one, rather than the chaste romance that Jennie had been led to believe.
Four days after Jennie and Kidd's arrest, Poirot and Catchpool receive a letter from Dr Flowerday and Margaret Ernst; they have harboured feelings for each other for years, and after Poirot's intervention have decided to marry. | 1. Hercule Poirot
2. Jennie Hobbs
3. Edward Catchpool,
4. Luca Lazzari
5. Harriet Sippel
6. Ida Gransbury
7. Richard Negus
8. Patrick Ives
9. Frances Ives
10. Margaret Ernst
11. Nancy Ducane
12. Constable Stanley Beer
13. Samuel Kidd
14. Ambrose Flowerday |
How to play tic-tac-toe | There is no universally-agreed rule as to who plays first, but in this article the convention that X plays first is used.
Players soon discover that the best play from both parties leads to a draw. Hence, tic-tac-toe is often played by young children who may not have discovered the optimal strategy.
Because of the simplicity of tic-tac-toe, it is often used as a pedagogical tool for teaching the concepts of good sportsmanship and the branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the searching of game trees. It is straightforward to write a computer program to play tic-tac-toe perfectly or to enumerate the 765 essentially different positions (the state space complexity) or the 26,830 possible games up to rotations and reflections (the game tree complexity) on this space. If played optimally by both players, the game always ends in a draw, making tic-tac-toe a futile game. | Tic-tac-toe is played on a three-by-three grid by two players, who alternately place the marks X and O in one of the nine spaces in the grid. Tic-tac-toe (American English), noughts and crosses (Commonwealth English), or Xs and Os (Canadian or Irish English) is a paper-and-pencil game for two players who take turns marking the spaces in a three-by-three grid with X or O. The player who succeeds in placing three of their marks in a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal row is the winner. It is a solved game, with a forced draw assuming best play from both players. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Eleven suspected illegal immigrants have been arrested after they were seen clinging to a moving lorry. The group, believed to be from Syria, were arrested on the M20 motorway near Folkestone, Kent, on suspicion of illegal entry into Britain after they were seen riding on top of the vehicle by a fellow driver. Police were called at 7.15am to reports that a group of men had been jumping down from a tanker or lorry at the slip road to junction 11. Eleven suspected illegal immigrants have been arrested after they were seen clinging to a moving lorry on the M20 motorway near Folkestone, Kent . The suspected illegal immigrants were arrested close to the turn-off for the Eurotunnel at Folkestone. Police at the scene liaised with Border Force staff and have now handed those arrested over, . A Home Office spokesman said: 'Home Office Immigration Enforcement was contacted by Kent Police after police attended an incident on the M20 in Kent. 'Eleven men, all claiming to be Syrian, were arrested on suspicion of immigration offences and have been taken into immigration detention while their cases are dealt with.' Calais has also struggled to deal with thousands of illegal immigrants who have gathered in the town (file) Just one week ago, 17 illegal immigrants were caught on the M25 motorway in Surrey. Fourteen people were seen fleeing from the back of a lorry after it stopped at Cobham Services. They were caught by police and taken into custody. Then three others were arrested nearby at Cobham and Stoke d'Abernon station after reports of people on the tracks. All 17 were believed to be from Sudan and Eritrea. | The group were arrested on M20 motorway near Folkestone, Kent . Police were called at 7.15am to reports that a group of men had been climbing down from a tanker or lorry at the slip road to junction 11 . The immigrants were seen on the back of a lorry by a fellow driver . |
How does the J programming language improve upon the syntax of APL? | The J programming language, developed in the early 1990s by Kenneth E. Iverson and Roger Hui, is an array programming language based primarily on APL (also by Iverson).
To avoid repeating the APL special-character problem, J uses only the basic ASCII character set, resorting to the use of the dot and colon as inflections to form short words similar to digraphs. Most such primary (or primitive) J words serve as mathematical symbols, with the dot or colon extending the meaning of the basic characters available. Also, many characters which in other languages often must be paired (such as [] {} "" `` or <>) are treated by J as stand-alone words or, when inflected, as single-character roots of multi-character words. | J avoids using the special characters required in APL by instead using only ASCII symbols and combining them with dot and colon. This makes it a lot easier to type on a standard keyboard. |
What does Touch Typing refer to? | Touch typing (also called blind typing, or touch keyboarding) is a style of typing. Although the phrase refers to typing without using the sense of sight to find the keys—specifically, a touch typist will know their location on the keyboard through muscle memory—the term is often used to refer to a specific form of touch typing that involves placing the eight fingers in a horizontal row along the middle of the keyboard (the home row) and having them reach for specific other keys. (Under this usage, typists who do not look at the keyboard but do not use home row either are referred to as hybrid typists.) Both two-handed touch typing and one-handed touch typing are possible. | Touch typing refers to typing without using the sense of sight to find the keys |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Malky Mackay signed Troy Deeney for Watford so he knows exactly what the powerhouse striker can do. On Tuesday night, he scored twice against Mackay’s Wigan for the second time this season to send Watford top of the Championship and a step nearer the Premier League. It was the sixth game in a row that Deeney has been on the scoresheet, muscling in to beat Ali Al-Habsi with a header nine minutes into the second half and then converting a penalty in stoppage time. For Wigan and his old manager, however, the threat of relegation to League One looms large two years after the club dropped out of the top-flight. Watford striker Troy Deeney celebrates scoring against Wigan at the DW Stadium on Tuesday night . Watford forward Matej Vydra (left) tussles for the ball with Wigan Athletic's Emmerson Boyce (right) Watford's Marco Motta (top) jumps up to avoid the sliding challenge from Wigan's Kim Bo-Kyung (bottom) Wigan (4-4-2): Al Habsi 6; Boyce 5, Maguire 6.5, Pearce 5, Bong 5.5; Pennant 5.5 (Murphy 52, 6), Perch 6, Bo-kyung 6.5, Ojo 6 (Kvist 62, 6); Fortune 6 (Sinclair 82), Clarke 5.5. Booked: Perch . Watford (3-1-4-2): Gomes 6; Cathcart 6 (Paredes 71, 6), Ekstrand 6.5, Angella 6; Watson 6.5; Motta 5.5 (Forestieri 46, 7), Munari 6, Hoban 6.5, Guedioura 8; Deeney 7, Vydra 7 (Tozser 73, 6) Subs not used: Layun, Anya, Ighalo, Bond . Booked: Guedioura, Forestieri . Scorers: Deeney 54, 90 . Referee: David Coote . Attendance: 10,684 . They remain six points adrift of safety and fourth-from-bottom Rotherham, who now have a game in hand, after failing to win for the 16th successive home game – a miserable run stretching back seven months. ‘We’ve got eight games to go and we’ve got to win more than a couple of teams us, simple as that,’ said Mackay. ‘We knew that Deeney would pose a real threat. That’s why I bought him (for Watford) in the first place. He’s blossomed and he’s by far and away the best centre-forward in the division in my opinion.’ Despite the poor home form, Wigan had won their last four away games to give themselves a chance of survival and they had several chances to take the lead. Tommy Hoban had to throw his body in the way of Leon Clarke’s goalbound effort, Sheyi Ojo blasted over when unmarked in a good position and Marc-Antoine Fortune had two opportunities. Deeney beats the challenge of Wigan's Gaetan Bong to score his side's opening goal at the DW Stadium . Boyce fells Watford's Fernando Forestieri in the box to give away a penalty on a bad night for the hosts . But the promotion chasers went ahead in the 54th minute with a goal that was the product of classy build-up play and a brutal finish. Substitute Fernando Forestieri’s clever pass gave Adlene Guedioura the opportunity to swing a cross to the far post where Deeney was charging in like an express train. The Watford skipper powered through Jason Pearce to meet the ball and head the ball emphatically past Al Habsi. Guedioura and Matej Vydra both went close with shots after that, and Guedioura thought he had doubled Watford’s lead when his deflected effort beat Al Habsi but Emmerson Boyce hooked the ball away to safety from under his own crossbar. Wigan goalkeeper Ali Al-Habsi is rooted to the spot as Deeney sends his second goal past him with a penalty . However Deeney made sure of victory in stoppage time, scoring from the penalty spot after Boyce had brought down Forestieri. Watford boss Slavisa Jokanovic: ‘Troy’s in a good moment and that’s good news for us. His first goal, the way he attacked the ball and scored, was great. ‘You have to be happy with our situation. The players believe in themselves and in their teammates.’ Watford boss Slavisa Jokanovic (left) talks to his Deeney (centre) during a break in play at the DW Stadium . | Watford's win at Wigan sends them top of the Championship . Troy Deeney opened the scoring with a header on 54 minutes . He sealed the three points with a late penalty at the DW Stadium . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | These pictures of Boris Nemtsov chatting on his mobile phone at a radio station are believed to be the last images of him before he was shot dead in a 'contract hit'. The 55-year-old former deputy prime minister was gunned down on a Moscow bridge on Friday in a 'politically motivated' attack which has sparked outrage and public mourning. The pictures show Mr Nemtsov talking animatedly on his mobile phone ahead of a radio interview to promote an anti-Kremlin rally, just hours before he was killed. Scroll down for video . Mr Nemtsov was seen speaking on his mobile phone at a radio station, just hours before he was killed . The images of Mr Nemtsov at Ekho Moskvy radio station are believed to be the last before he was killed . Footage emerged last night showing the killing, with a person jumping into a car and driving off . He can be seen sitting in the studio of Ekho Moskvy - the Echo of Moscow - an alternative Russian station which has been criticised by the Kremlin in the past. He had been invited on to the talk show to discuss the latest opposition march he had organised, which was due to go ahead today but will now be used to protest his death. The station has previously been reprimanded by the Russian authorities for accounts of the conflict in Ukraine which were deemed to have contained 'information justifying war crimes'. The images were taken on the day Mr Nemtsov was shot dead after taking his Ukrainian model girlfriend Anna Duritskaya to dinner. Dramatic footage of the killing surfaced last night, with Russian media reports claiming the killer emerged on foot after loitering on the Great Moskvoretsky Bridge waiting for Mr Nemtsov. The clip appears to show the killer appear as Mr Nemtsov and Miss Duritskaya walk along the bridge which overlooks St Basil's Cathedral. Mr Nemtsov was seen in the studio of Ekho Moskvy - the Echo of Moscow - an alternative Russian station which has been criticised by the Kremlin in the past . Mr Nemtsov was shot four times on a Moscow bridge after taking his Ukrainian model girlfriend Anna Duritskaya to dinner . The alleged attacker is then getting into a passing car, driving off shortly before midnight. Critics have attributed blame for the murder to the Russian President, claiming his government feared that an incriminating report Mr Nemtsov had been working on would be made public. The findings are said to present evidence linking Putin's regime to the Ukrainian crisis which has seen thousands slaughtered. Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko fingered the Russian leader as the culprit of Mr Nemtsov's death, with mourners at the scene where he was shot also alluding to his murder as having been politically engineered. Opposition supporters will march through Moscow today, passing the spot where the politician was killed. The procession follows yesterday's protests which saw hundreds of mourners lay flowers and hold up signs reading 'we are all Nemtsov' - a reference to the Je Suis Charlie movement following the terrorist attacks in Paris in January. In the days before his death, Mr Nemtsov, a former deputy prime minister, said he feared being killed by the Russian leader. 'I'm afraid Putin will kill me. I believe that he was the one who unleashed the war in the Ukraine. I couldn't dislike him more,' he said in an interview with Russia's Sobesednik news website. The white car (pictured) that carried the assassins has reportedly been found by police not far from where the leader was murdered. Footage released on Sunday suggested his shooter may have been on foot and driven away after the killing . The father-of-four was shot four times by assailants previously reported as having been in a white car as he walked across a bridge over the Moskva River . More than 20,000 protesters marched through Moscow in a mass demonstration against the killing of Boris Nemtsov, organisers said . Dozens of protesters with Ukrainian flags also gathered outside the Russian Embassy in London to voice their anger at Mr Nemtsov's death . He also revealed his 86-year-old mother's fears that he was be assassinated because of his outspoken views. '"When will you stop cursing Putin? He'll kill you for that." She was completely serious,' he added. She received a telegram from the Russian president which described her son's murder as 'vile and cynical'. 'We will do everything to ensure that the perpetrators of this vile and cynical crime and those who stand behind them are properly punished,' it said. 'Please accept my deepest condolences in connection with this irreparable loss. I sincerely share your sorrow. 'Boris Nemtsov has left his mark in the history of Russia, in its political and public life. He occupied significant posts in a difficult time of transition in this country. He always openly and honestly voiced and upheld his views.' He has now assumed 'personal control' of the investigation and his spokesman Dmitry Peskov said the shooting could be a 'provocation' for the planned protest rally. Russia's Investigative Committee said it was following several lines of inquiry including the possibility someone from Mr Nemtsov's own party had carried out the killing in order to raise support for a forthcoming anti-government rally. Investigators also said the 'meticulously planned' assassination may also have possible links to Ukraine events as well as Islamist extremist attacks. Earlier today around 20,000 marched through Moscow to protest at Mr Nemtsov's death. The huge crowd waved Russian and Ukrainian flags as they held up banners which read: 'I am not afraid.' Meanwhile dozens, including the widow of murdered Russian spy Alexander Litvinenko, gathered outside the Russian Embassy in London to voice their anger at the Putin government. Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov was shot dead in Moscow at the age of 55 . Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov was shot dead in Moscow at the age of 55. His 87-year-old mother Dina had a premonition that her son would be killed, according to the politician. He told earlier this month how his mother warned him: 'When will you stop cursing Putin? He'll kill you for that.' Nemtsov studied physics at State University of Gorky and earned a PhD in Physics and Mathematics. In the wake of the Chernobyl disaster, Nemtsov organised a protest movement in his hometown, which prevented the construction of a new nuclear power plant in the region. The liberal reformer rose to prominence under Boris Yeltsin and became a fierce critic of Vladimir Putin. Nemtsov first gained an international profile after being spotted by former British premier Margaret Thatcher as a future leader of Russia. She praised his market reforms after visiting Nizhny Novgorod where as governor in the early 1990s he led spearheaded reforms. The father-of-four, 55, was Deputy Prime Minister of Russia from 1997 to 1998 during Boris Yeltsin's presidency. He was sentenced to 15 days in jail in January 2011 after being arrested at a New Year's Eve protest rally for 'disobedience towards police'. The politician founded a number of opposition movements after leaving the Russian parliament in 2003 and he had served as the co-chair of the opposition Republican Party of Russia - People's Freedom Party since 2012. He was a prominent and vocal critic of Mr Putin and wrote a number of reports in recent years linking Putin and his inner circle to corruption. It has been reported that Nemtsov angered Putin's government two years ago when he charged that billions of dollars had been stolen from funds designated for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, his hometown. He has written more than 60 academic publications about quantum physics, thermodynamics and acoustics and designed n of antennas for space apparatuses. Jewish advocacy website AJC named Nemtsov as one of the most prominent Jews in Russia thanks to his mother's heritage. In his 1997 memoir, The Provincial Man, Nemtsov revealed that he was baptised Russian Orthodox in secret. He leaves behind his wife Raisa Akhmetovna and four children. | Boris Nemtsov pictured in a radio station's studio just hours before death . Opposition leader was being interviewed to promote anti-Kremlin protests . He was seen talking animatedly on his phone before going on air . Mr Nemtsov was shot dead in a 'contract hit' as he crossed Moscow bridge . Footage appears to show killer on foot before making a getaway in a car . Rally Mr Nemtsov organised will today be used to protest his murder . Critics claim Nemtsov was shot after publicly condemning Vladimir Putin . Ukrainian President fingered the Kremlin as the culprits behind his death . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Windell D. Middlebrooks, the actor best known as the straight-talking Miller High Life delivery man, died Monday morning, his agent told CNN. Middlebrooks' family also posted a statement on his Facebook page Tuesday confirming the 36-year-old's death. No cause of death was provided. "The Middlebrooks, with sorrowed hearts, announce the passing of a young, black star. Windell took his final bow and with great joy exited stage left in the early morning of March 9th, 2015," the statement read. "It was Windell's biggest wish that his final scene not be lived on social media. Further details will be forthcoming once the family members plans have been finalized. At this time we have no further information for the press and ask that space is given to his family and friends in their time of mourning." Middlebrooks also had recurring roles on "Body of Proof," "Scrubs" and "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia." Fans shared condolences on social media. Miller High Life also honored his memory with a message on Twitter. People we've lost in 2015 . | Windell D. Middlebrooks was best known for playing the Miller High Life delivery man . He also had recurring roles on "Body of Proof," "Scrubs," "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Lukas Podolski has indicated his intention to return to Arsenal in the summer, having failed to make an impression on a loan spell at Inter Milan. Speaking to Sport Bild, the World Cup winner said: 'The chapter is not closed with Arsenal, because there is no purchase option. 'I was the first person to clear things up in the talks with Inter and say I didn't want any kind of clause that would have let them purchase my contract rights. Lukas Podolski (right) has revealed his desire to return to Arsenal when his loan spell at Inter Milan ends . 'When you're on loan you never know what can happen, so at the end of the season we'll analyse things freely and decide the situation.' Podolski was left out of Inter's squad for the Europa League and has seen his performance levels criticised by Nerazzurri coach Roberto Mancini. The 29-year-old added: 'At Inter there have been some negative situations, but I see the bright side in all of it. 'Also, it's generally easier to criticise someone who comes on loan, as I did this winter.' Podolski (front) has failed to make an impact out on loan and was left out of Inter's Europa League squad . Arsenal are set to join Everton, Stoke and a Singapore Select XI team for the Barclays Asia Trophy Singapore in July 2015, which will see the Gunners return to the country for the first time since 1991 as part of their pre-season campaign. Arsene Wenger said: 'It will be a typical English Premier League competition in Asia and we know that English football is very popular in Asia, and that's a good opportunity to show how much we respect Asia as well. '[Strong competition] is what you're looking for, to prepare well with the right intensity in the games to have a look at everybody as well. We have young promising players who can be a name after the competition. It's a good opportunity as well for Singapore people to see these players.' Inter boss Roberto Mancini has criticised the 29-year-old's level of performances at the club . | Lukas Podolski joined Inter Milan on loan from Arsenal in January . 29-year-old was left out of Inter's squad for the Europa League . Arsenal are set to play in the Barclays Asia Trophy Singapore in July . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Barcelona star Lionel Messi surprised a fan from his hometown of Rosario on social media with a pair of his latest Adidas boots. The Argentina international took to Twitter and Facebook and wrote a personal message to Brian Rossi, the lucky fan who grew up in the same city as Messi, to surprise him with the boots. Alongside a picture where Messi is seen holding the boots, he wrote on Facebook: 'I am a Pibe De Barrio, the boy from the neighbourhood, and now I have these boots for Brian Rossi who is also from Rosario. #PibeDeBarr10 #therewillbehaters'. Lionel Messi surprises lucky fan Brian Rossi who grew up in same city as the star with a pair of Adidas boots . The 27-year-old posed for a picture with the boots and sent a special message to Rossi . Messi has been in exceptional form in recent weeks, helping Barcelona overcome Manchester City in the Champions League with an impressive solo performance before seeing his side defeat rivals Real Madrid in the El Clasico on Sunday. With the spotlight firmly on Messi when he's on the pitch, the 27-year-old will no doubt earn rave reviews off it with this surprise gift. Rossi, the lucky fan, will be licking his lips at the prospect of wearing Messi's boots and will hope he plays like him too. Argentina star Lionel Messi in training as his country prepare to face El Salvador on Friday . | Lionel Messi took to social media to give Brian Rossi his latest boots . Rossi is from Messi's hometown of Rosario where the star grew up . Messi has been in exceptional form this year and has scored 43 goals . The 27-year-old is preparing to face El Salvador with Argentina . READ: Messi's Argentina squad cheer on Indiana Pacers star Luis Scol . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | After officially announcing his $300million (£200m) mega-fight against Manny Pacquiao, Floyd Mayweather Jnr returned to his Las Vegas gym, and to work. With just over seven weeks to go until the biggest fight in boxing history, Mayweather was putting his 'Hard work, dedication' motto into practice. The 38-year-old took turns working on the speed bag, the heavy bag and had a session on the pads. Floyd Mayweather hits the speed bag as his training camp continues in his Las Vegas gym . Mayweather is taken on the pads with just seven weeks until he takes on Manny Pacquiao on May 2 . One man with a first-hand view of Mayweather's training is Londoner Ashley Theophane who regularly appears on the superstar's undercard. Writing on his blog, Theophane said: 'Being part of Floyd’s team. I’m very privileged to be witnessing something very special at close and intimate quarters. 'I get to see the things that many fans and the media will never know or see.'It’s both inspiring and motivating' Mayweather pounds the heavy bag as he prepares to defend his unbeaten 47-0 record against his rival . Mayweather and Pacquiao face off after their press conference in Los Angeles on Wednesday . | Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao met in Los Angeles on Wednesday . They faced the world's media for the only time before the week of their fight . The $300million bout takes place on May 2 at the MGM Grand . Pacquiao was a guest on the Jimmy Kimmel show on Thursday . CLICK HERE for all the Mayweather vs Pacquiao news . |
Which team has drafted Nkem-Nkechukwu Ojougboh? | Nkem-Nkechukwu Ojougboh (born August 11, 1987) is Nigerian professional basketball player. He was drafted in the second round (ninth pick) at the 2010 NBA Development League Draft by the Utah Flash, an affiliate of the Utah Jazz and Atlanta Hawks. Collegiately, Ojougboh played for the Northeastern University Huskies men's basketball team from 2007-2010 and for the University of Texas San Antonio in 2005. He played for the NBA Development League team Utah Flash in the 2010/11 NBA D-League season, and for the Tulsa 66ers in 2011/12. Ojougboh was named to the CAA All-Academic First Team from 2005-2008. Ojougboh is the son of Cairo Ojougboh and Grace Ojougboh. He has two brothers Omam Ojougboh, Orieka Ojougboh and a sister Rimma Ojougboh. Out of high school, Ojougboh committed to the University of Texas at San Antonio, after also being recruited by Boise State, Cornell University, Harvard University, Arizona State University and Washington State. He transferred to Northeastern after his Freshman campaign at University of Texas San Antonio. | Nkem-Nkechukwu Ojougboh was drafted by the Utah Flash in 2010. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sky is to increase its prices for sports and family entertainment packages in Britain, just six weeks after it agreed to pay a record fee for the rights to show Premier League football matches. Sky, which normally increases its prices in September, said on Thursday the price of a sports TV package would rise by £1 to £47 a month. It reflects the balancing act it is attempting after agreeing to pay £4.2billion to show 126 live Premier League matches a season from 2016 to 2019, fending off fierce rival BT. Sky said upon the announcement of the record Premier League deal that it would try to make sure its customers would not have to foot the bill. As of June, it will cost £47 a month to watch Sky Sports pundits such as Thierry Henry (centre) Sky will no longer have rights to broadcast Champions League games from next season . Sky paid £4.2billion to broadcast 126 live games a season from 2016 to 2019 in the Premier League . 'The company will work hard to minimise the impact of higher rights costs on customers, with the majority of the funding coming through substantial additional savings to be delivered by efficiency plans,’ a Sky spokesman said upon the announcement of the rights in February. Sky's family bundle, which includes its highest profile shows and box-sets of drama, would rise by £3 a month to £36. Analysts said the lower price rise for sports channels might reflect a concern within the company that viewers could defect to BT, which won the right to show 42 games a season and has also beaten Sky to show Champions League matches from later this year. The price increases will take effect in June. Analysts at Citi said this was prudent as the previous timetable would have resulted in Sky trying to increase prices just as the Champions League matches disappeared from its channels. Sky suggested its customers would not have to foot the bill for the record Premier League TV deal . Graphic charts the significant rise of domestic Premier League TV revenue . Seven packages were available in the auction, five with 28 games per season and two with 14 games per season. THE PACKAGES SKY WON . Package A comprises 28 games on Saturday lunchtimes (12.30pm). Package C has 28 games kicking off between 1.30pm and 2.15pm on Sundays. Pack A has 6 'first pick' games from 38 rounds and B has 9 first picks. Package D is the 4pm Sunday bundle of 28 games - crucially with 18 'first pick' games. Package E is the 'Monday night football' (8pm) bundle, with 18 games on Mondays plus 10 on Fridays; this is the first time Premier League games will be shown live on Friday evenings. There are no first picks in this package. Package G is a bundle of 14 games on Bank Holidays and other Sunday matches with two first picks. THE PACKAGES BT SPORT WON . Package B has 28 games at tea-time on Saturdays (5.30pm) Packages F has 14 games, a mix of midweek and Saturday games including three first picks. Under the current ongoing deals Sky have paid £2.28bn over three years from 2013-16 for 116 games per season, or in other words, get 348 games at £6,551,724 each. BT have paid £738m over three years from 2013-16 for 38 games per season, or in other words, get 114 games at £6,473,684 each. 50 per cent of the revenue is divided equally between the clubs . 25 per cent is awarded on a merit basis, determined by final league positions . 25 per cent is distributed as a facilities fee for televised matches . NICK HARRIS . Sky may also have been encouraged to move ahead with price rises now after recent quarterly results showed the number of people leaving the platform had reduced. 'The experience of Canal+ in France suggests losing rights does not impact subscriber volumes, but does impair pricing power,' Citi said. The analysts said the price rises could result in an around 10 percent increase to earnings per share. Shares in Sky, which has recently expanded into Germany, Italy and Austria, were up 1.4 percent, outperforming the FTSE 100 Index which was up 0.4 percent. | Sky announced Thursday its sports TV package fee will rise to £47 . Sky usually reveals its price increases in September . It agreed to pay £4.2billion for live Premier League games last month . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Saudi Arabia is leading a military campaign against Shiite rebels in Yemen, bringing the wider region directly into a complex conflict that has festered for months. The Saudis say they want to restore the Yemeni government, a key U.S. ally in the fight against al Qaeda, which was kicked out of the capital by the rebels earlier this year. "Having Yemen fail cannot be option for us or for our coalition partners," said Adel al-Jubeir, the Saudi ambassador to the United States, referring to the other nations in the region supporting the campaign. Here are answers to key questions about the escalating conflict in Yemen. Analysts say it can be summed up in one word: Iran. The Saudis "perceive this as a threat from the Iranians," said CNN military analyst Lt. Col. Rick Francona. "They look at the Houthis as nothing more than a proxy Iranian force, just like we can look at Hezbollah as a proxy Iranian force in southern Lebanon." Analysts say that Shiite-majority Iran and Sunni-dominated Saudi Arabia are locked in a strategic contest for influence across the Middle East. Now, the epic chess match has spread into Yemen, Saudi Arabia's southern neighbor. "What they do not want is an Iranian-run state on their southern border, because they already feel they've got enough problems on their northern border," said Francona, a retired U.S. Air Force intelligence officer. Iran, northeast of Saudi Arabia, is considered to exercise powerful influence within the regime of President Bashar al-Assad in war-torn Syria and within the Shiite-led Iraqi government. The Saudis and other Gulf nations appeared to make an implicit reference to Iran in a statement about the start of the military campaign, describing the Houthi militias as "backed by regional powers" that are aiming for "hegemony" in Yemen. The Iranian government, for its part, condemned the offensive, calling for an immediate halt to Saudi-led airstrikes, state media reported. The chaos in Yemen appeared to be careering toward a full-blown civil war. The Houthis, whose power base is in northern Yemen, started protests against the central government in the capital, Sanaa, last summer. But they stepped up their campaign in September, seizing multiple government buildings. Attempts to strike political deals between the two sides had no effect, and the Houthis pushed into other areas of the country. The crisis intensified in January, when the Houthis displayed their clout by storming the presidential palace and putting President Abdu Rabu Mansour Hadi under house arrest. Hadi escaped to the southern city of Aden in February and declared that he remained the legitimate president. Since then, Hadi's supporters have repeatedly clashed with the Houthis and their allies, prompting the United Nations to warn of an impending civil war. The Houthis also have support from forces loyal to Hadi's predecessor, former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who resigned in 2012 after months of Arab Spring-inspired protests. The deepening chaos has led many governments to pull embassy staff out of Sanaa. The United States recently withdrew its remaining special forces in Yemen, dealing a blow to counterterrorism efforts in the country. Rebel forces captured parts of Aden and a nearby airbase Wednesday. Early Thursday, the Saudi-led strikes began. The airstrikes appear to be only the start of the campaign. Saudi Arabia has also pledged 150,000 soldiers to the coalition that's intervening in Yemen, the Saudi-owned Al-Arabiya TV network reported Thursday, raising the possibility of a ground offensive. "The airstrikes will be the kickoff of the campaign," Francona said "They'll want to knock down the air defenses and create a corridor with which they can move their troops in there." It wasn't immediately clear if other nations in the coalition were offering any ground troops. A ground offensive isn't a decision that Saudi King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud would take lightly. "Saudi Arabia, all these years, has avoided sending troops into Yemen. It's a quagmire for the Saudis," CNN intelligence and security analyst Bob Baer said in January. Beyond the military campaign, the Saudis and their allies say they want to find a political solution for the violence-plagued nation. The aim is to bring back Yemen's "security and stability through establishing a political process," said a statement from Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait. Al-Jubeir, the Saudi ambassador to the United States, said American forces are not involved in the airstrikes. But Francona said he thought the United States most likely assisted with information needed to pick out targets. "The Saudis don't have the intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance capability to determine all of these targets," he said. "They've had to have had some help, and I think it probably came from us." Arab and senior Obama administration officials tell CNN that an interagency U.S. coordination team is in Saudi Arabia. The sources said the Saudis have not specified what they want yet, but will probably ask for American air support, satellite imagery and other intelligence. "We can help with logistics and intelligence and things like that, but there will be no military intervention by the U.S.," a senior administration official said. A Saudi adviser told CNN that 10 countries are involved in the coalition: Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Jordan, Egypt, Morocco, Pakistan and Sudan. But it was unclear how many of those countries other than Saudi Arabia were taking an active military role. The Saudi adviser told CNN that the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar had contributed fighter planes to the operations. It brings another disturbing angle to the conflict. Yemen is home to al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, considered by U.S. officials to be the most dangerous branch of the terrorist network. The Sunni Muslim extremist group, also known as AQAP, has taken advantage of Yemen's weak government to plan and launch terrorist attacks against the West. Operating from its heartland in central Yemen, it considers both the Shiite Houthis and the pro-U.S. Yemeni government as its foes. Houthi forces have clashed with AQAP and its allies in central Yemen. And bomb attacks have repeatedly hit Shiite gatherings in the capital. There are also concerns about ISIS' growing influence in Yemen. The Sunni militant group that controls large areas of Iraq and Syria claimed responsibility for attacks on Shiite mosques in Sanaa that killed more than 130 people this month. AQAP and ISIS looked set to be "the big winners" from the deepening chaos in Yemen, CNN terrorism analyst Paul Cruickshank said Wednesday before news of the Saudi airstrikes emerged. But the big question now is whether the Saudi-led coalition will take any action against the Sunni terrorist groups. CNN's Nic Robertson contributed to this report. | Saudi Arabia sees Houthi rebels in Yemen as a proxy for Iran, analysts say . The Saudis act as Yemen teeters on the brink of civil war . |
Was Michael Flavin wealthy at the time he wrote Benjamin Disraeli? | Michael Flavin's Benjamin Disraeli: The Novel as a Political Discourse suggests that Venetia was largely a commercial endeavour for Disraeli, who was deep in debt at the time that he wrote it. | No, he was deep in debt at the time. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsene Wenger is still haunted by the game which was the catalyst for Manchester United’s greatest ever achievement. It was in 1999, another FA Cup tie, a semi-final. It was at Villa Park, with 90 minutes of a replay having failed to separate the two teams that then dominated English football in that era. United were down to 10 men and Dennis Bergkamp had missed a penalty for Arsenal in the final minute of normal time with the game locked at 1-1. Arsene Wenger looks on dejectedly after losing the FA Cup semi-final replay to Manchester United in 1999 . Dennis Bergkamp (right) missed a penalty in that game in United's treble winning season . Ryan Giggs (right) struck United's winner with a sensational solo effort to send them through to the final . Then on 109 minutes, Patrick Vieira misplaced a pass, Ryan Giggs picked up the ball in his own half and set off on a run which would end up in him revealing an alarming amount of chest hair after scoring one of the great goals in the history of the tournament. In Wenger’s mind, it tipped the balance in the title race and provided the foundation for United to achieve an unprecedented treble of FA Cup, Premier League and Champions League. ‘I can still hear the shouts of that team, having won,’ said Wenger. ‘They couldn’t believe it because they were down to 10 men. And I think that put them in a state of euphoria. In the same way, they won the title — just. ‘I saw that goal again when Giggs retired. I think that goal won them the treble because, if Bergkamp scores, I think the game is over. It was a trauma for us and a positive for them. That goal was certainly what decided their season.’ Wenger still remembers the details of the title run in, saying: ‘They played at Blackburn and we lost at Leeds in the last minute, when Nigel Winterburn was kicked off [the pitch]. Jimmy Floyd-Hasselbaink scored at the far post and Kaba Diawara hit the bar twice. After that, they won the Champions League final in the last minutes — 1999 was a miracle year for them.’ Bergkamp recalls missing the penalty in his book and admitted it bothered him for a while after the game . Giggs (second left) will now take on Wenger from the dugout as an assistant to Louis van Gaal . Wenger will be hoping to avenge the defeat by beating United in Monday's FA Cup quarter-final . Bergkamp in his book, Stillness And Speed, said: ‘I still took the odd [penalty] without problems, without hesitation and without missing. But that miss did bother me for quite a while and next season Thierry Henry became our penalty taker.’ Ray Parlour, who was interviewed for the same book, said: ‘In those days it was only us and United. Dennis, if he scores that penalty, we win the double because...their heads would have gone down in the league.’ As for Monday, Wenger said: ‘Let’s not consider Man United. Let’s focus on our performance. They play at home where they feel confident. So, to compensate that we have to put more effort in and produce a really top-level performance.’ | Arsenal were beaten 2-1 by 10-man Manchester United in 1999 . Dennis Bergkamp had a penalty saved by Peter Schmeichel . Ryan Giggs then struck the winner with an incredible solo goal . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | For Michael O’Neill, working under Gordon Strachan in the English top flight was a bittersweet experience. In fact, at Coventry City, the midfielder found the experience of being an inferior player to a manager in his early 40s about as palatable as Strachan’s famed longevity-fuelling concoction of porridge, bananas and seaweed. If O’Neill’s injury-scarred spell at Highfield Road was not the most notable of an otherwise successful career, the Northern Ireland manager retains a high regard for his Scotland counterpart and hopes the pair can soon share success in the international arena. Northern Ireland manager Michael O'Neill has been preparing his side to face Gordon Strachan's Scotland . Strachan's side will be hoping to go into their Euro 2016 qualifier against Gibraltar on the back of a win . Scotland have not qualified for a major tournament since France 98, while Northern Ireland have not been seen at a Finals since the days when Brazil’s Josimar rocketed one of the all-time great World Cup goals past Pat Jennings. But on the road to France 2016, Scotland are third in Group D, while Northern Ireland are second in Group F. As the two nations face off in a friendly at Hampden, O’Neill hopes both men can lead their respective countries out of the international wilderness. ‘I played under Gordon at Coventry — it’s always a concern when the manager is a better player than you,’ quipped the 45-year-old former Dundee United and Hibs midfielder. ‘Other than that it was fine. It was a bit unfortunate that injuries thwarted my opportunity at Coventry but it was evident back then what type of manager Gordon was going to be. ‘He had the ability to motivate and to invigorate. He knew how to get players to respond to him. So it doesn’t surprise me how well he has done with Scotland. He was a great appointment and exactly what Scotland needed at that time. Scotland national team boss Strachan, pictured in 2001, coached O'Neill during his time as Coventry manager . ‘It’s pretty evident the improvement they have made under Gordon. And having played half my career up here, it would be good to see both countries qualify for the Euros. ‘We’ve been nearly 30 years away from a major tournament. Scotland haven’t quite had that to deal with - but I’d love to see both countries do it.’ O’Neill still lives in Edinburgh and remains an avid viewer of the Scottish game, not just because it is home to several Northern Ireland internationals. He believes football in this country is in ruder health than many outsiders – and insiders – perceive amid the often unrelenting negativity that has accompanied the collapse and pained rise of Rangers. ‘I watch Scottish football a lot,’ said O’Neill, who may not risk Aberdeen striker Niall McGinn’s hamstring but could start with two Manchester United centre backs in Jonny Evans and debutant Paddy McNair. ‘There are now potential internationals of the future getting their chance in first-teams in the Premiership and Championship and that can only be good for the Scotland national team. ‘There’s been too much negativity about Scottish football at times, obviously because of what’s gone on at certain clubs. But the game is in a lot healthier state than people give it credit for.’ Manchester United team-mates Jonny Evans and Paddy McNair are expected to start in defence . For Northern Ireland captain Steven Davis, a return to Hampden will bring back fond memories of his last appearance in Mount Florida. Back in March 2011, he scored the opening goal as Rangers beat Celtic 2-1 in extra time to lift the League Cup – the club’s last major trophy before administration then liquidation visited Ibrox and leading players including Davis quit. ‘It will be nice to be back at Hampden,’ said the 30-year-old Southampton midfielder. ‘It holds special memories for me. We had a lot of success there with Rangers but my last game, the League Cup Final, stands out. Celtic were always kind of favourites before we went into any Old Firm game and they had the upper hand before that game. But I scored a goal and we won the cup that day. ‘I was lucky to have four years at Rangers and it was disappointing how it ended. That was the hardest thing to take. But I’ll always look back on it as one of the most important and enjoyable periods in my career. Southampton midfielder Steven Davis, pictured in Janaury 2012, returns to his former stomping ground . ‘It’s a bit of an impossible subject to talk about (leaving) because you’re never going to please everybody with what you say. But the honesty of it is we could only try and make a decision based on what we thoughts was best at the time and you have to live by that.’ As he turns back the clock by returning to Glasgow, however, Davis feels the future is bright now that Ibrox is back in the ownership of ‘Rangers men’ like Dave King and Paul Murray. And the former Rangers captain, who played in the 2008 UEFA Cup Final with the Ibrox side, hopes the hiring of nine-in-a-row idol Stuart McCall can kick-starts a Rangers revival back towards past glories. ‘I think (the boardroom change) is positive for the club. For any fan, it’s nice to see people in charge who have the best interests of the club at heart. ‘We all knew it was going to be a difficult period but nobody could have foreseen just how hard it was going to be. ‘But I think Stuart McCall is going to be a good appointment. It was great to see him get that first win on Sunday at Hibs. Hopefully Rangers can build on that and get even stronger. ‘Would I ever go back to Rangers? In football you never know. But it’s a club I look back on fondly and if the opportunity arose it would be something I’d have to consider.’ | Michael O'Neill worked under Gordon Strachan during his time at Coventry . Northern Ireland boss O'Neill is looking forward to facing Strachan's side . O'Neill's side take on Scotland in friendly match before Finland qualifier . |
Extract the key dates and events in the life of Albert Einstein in a bulleted list in the format {date} - {event} | Einstein was born in the German Empire, but moved to Switzerland in 1895, forsaking his German citizenship (as a subject of the Kingdom of Württemberg)[note 1] the following year. In 1897, at the age of 17, he enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss Federal polytechnic school in Zürich, graduating in 1900. In 1901, he acquired Swiss citizenship, which he kept for the rest of his life, and in 1903 he secured a permanent position at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. In 1905, he was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich. In 1914, Einstein moved to Berlin in order to join the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1917, Einstein became director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics; he also became a German citizen again, this time Prussian.
In 1933, while Einstein was visiting the United States, Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, as a Jew, objected to the policies of the newly elected Nazi government; he settled in the United States and became an American citizen in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting him to the potential German nuclear weapons program and recommending that the US begin similar research. Einstein supported the Allies but generally denounced the idea of nuclear weapons. | 1895 - Moved to Switzerland
1897 - Enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss Federal polytechnic school in Zürich
1900 - Graduated from the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss Federal polytechnic school
1901 - Became a Swiss citizen
1903 - Started a permanent position at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern
1905 - Awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich
1914 - Moved to Berlin to join the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Humboldt University of Berlin
1917 - Became the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics
1917 - Became a German citizen again
1933 - Settled in the United States
1940 - Became an American citizen |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Hidden in a vault in Marrakesh, it has been one of the most highly-anticipated albums in music history. And tonight, after six years, the Wu-Tang Clan finally opened the handcrafted silver box that holds their unheard record Once Upon A Time In Shaolin - before sealing it away once more. In an attempt to break free from the Spotify and YouTube era of freely-shared music, rap's most influential collective is selling the 31-track double LP to one bidder for millions of dollars. After a private online-only sale this month through art dealers Paddle8 - which employs Britain's Princess Eugenie - the buyer cannot share the album for at least 88 years. DailyMail.com was there with the group's de facto leader RZA, producer Cilvaringz, a small group of prospective buyers and half a dozen selected fans in Queens, New York City, for the first and last time any of the album would be played before the year 2103. Scroll down for video . Unprecendented: This is the Wu-Tang Clan's record Once Upon A Time In Shaolin that was played on Monday night to a small group before it is sold and kept secret until the year 2103. It has been six years in the making . The record comes in a silver, jeweled box with a specially-designed wax seal and a leather-bound book . The box: It was displayed for potential buyers who are expected to pay millions to obtain the sole incarnation . The Staten Island-born group revived the East Coast as an epicenter for hip hop in the early 1990s . Confirming the rumors that she would make a guest appearance, Cher's voice bellowed out during the 13-minute extract. And though it wasn't played, DailyMail.com understands it to be true that Barcelona FC players also make a cameo appearance. Typical of the group's first record 36 Chambers, it features styles that shook the music scene in 1994 - soul samples, clips of dialogue from movies, and fierce rapping over sound effects of rain and thunder. Reiterating its own grandeur, there are regular skits and pieces of dialogue that say, 'this has never been done before.' All of the Staten Island clan's eight living members appear on it - but had no idea what they were recording when they laid down their parts. The record casing was handcrafted from silver and wood by artists in Morocco, with a seal designed and printed by wax-smiths in Serbia. 'This has never been done before,' RZA told DailyMail.com after playing the record. 'Music is just handed out now, the industry is in crisis. People feel like they deserve to have it for free. This is art. You can take a picture of the Mona Lisa but that's not art. 'The same with this: you can never reproduce it - this is the final thing.' The pre-sale event played up to the idea. Those invited were subjected to airport-style security checks, and electronic devices were confiscated. In a dark room, buyers spoke to auctioneers as light symphony music played. The nickel silver and jeweled case with black cow leather lining was sat on a podium under spotlight, with two bodyguards standing either side. While some were fans, others were advisers who hailed from as far as Asia to inspect the 'artwork'. One adviser for a Chinese collector, who wished to remain anonymous, told DailyMail.com collectors are clamouring to get their hands on the record and its silver box - whether they like Wu-Tang or not. The box comes inside a cedar wood treasure chest covered with black cow leather and light beige velvet lining. Inside, is a cinematic-style record, plus a leather-bound 174-page manuscript printed on gilded Fedrigoni Marina parchment with lyrics, credits, tales about the recording. The adviser said: 'Someone said it would be worth $1 million. That's nothing. This is something completely different; completely new. I don't think I could put a price on it. 'The concept has not been seen before - and from the biggest rap collective in history... It is huge.' The Wu-Tang Clan formed in the early 1990s, reviving the East Coast's reputation as an epicenter for hip hop. RZA - pronounced 'rizza' - drew together nine MCs, including his own cousins who adopted the pseudonyms Ol' Dirty Bastard and GZA. The remaining slots were filled by Raekwon, Masta Killa, U-God, Ghostface Killah, Method Man, and Inspectah Deck. Ambition: RZA, né Robert Fitzgerald Diggs, wants the long-awaited album to be treated like a work of art . Unlike their other albums, it has not been produced by the group's de facto leader RZA (pictured) but by his apprentice, Moroccan rapper and producer Tarik 'Cilvaringz' Azzougar . The new album pays homage to the Wu-Tang Clan's history and meteoric rise to dominate the record industry . With industry domination in their sights, RZA saw that each member of the Clan was signed with different production companies, while maintaining their loyalty as a group. Their first album, 36 Chambers, was hailed as unprecedented, with samples from soul music and kung fu movies. Spanning 128 minutes, the stories and rhymes were largely recorded in Staten Island, New York, and hark back to their original mid-90s lyrics about the Shaolin. It features all eight of the original members plus some affiliate rappers. And as for Cher's cameo appearance, RZA said: 'Did nobody ever have a crush on Cher? She's the ultimate. Ain't nobody like Cher.' Unlike their other albums, it has not been produced by the group's de facto leader RZA but by his apprentice, Moroccan rapper and producer Tarik 'Cilvaringz' Azzougarh - a Wu-Tang fan who visited the group's New York office five times until they took him on. Cilvaringz explains he and RZA were already developing the concept of a record charting the Wu's history when the music industry changed completely. Once Upon A Time In Shaolin has been stored in a handmade silver and nickel box embossed with the Wu's Shaolin symbol and a decorative design by Yahya, a British-Moroccan artist . Collectively, the group has produced seven albums - sometimes within months of each other . Within five years singles plummeted to the price of $0.99, and artists were streaming their work for free. Simultaneously, Cilvaringz was chairing an art festival in Morocco, where he saw three tent poles bought for thousands of dollars. 'That [was] the first time I asked myself: "Why and how are these artists valued at such a price?" People like Dre or Kanye or RZA are geniuses in what they do, and their music is valued at 99 cents. 'No disrespect to Andy Warhol, Basquiat, Damien Hirst, or any other artists, but if you walk down the streets and ask people randomly, "Do you know Damien Hirst? Do you know Basquiat?" they'll say "Who?" If you say, "Do you know Dr. Dre? Do you know Kanye?," they'll say "Yeah."' The album, he says, pays homage to the Wu-Tang Clan's history and meteoric rise to dominate the record industry. The group became known for their business genius as they created a collective but each had their own solo contracts, thereby dominating the recording industry . 36 Chambers: This was the collective's debut album which revolutionized the hip hop scene . And despite years of disputes erupting between the clan's members, RZA insists that there was 'no tension' when he informed his brethren he had been working on a secret album, adding 'the eight members, excluding myself, are the most talented MCs I have ever encountered. They are true artists because they aren't taught. You can't teach art.' Speaking later with Genius executive editor Sasha Frere-Jones, RZA described his ambitions: 'Maybe Richard Branson will just buy it and put it on one of his planes and send it to another planet. That'd be dope!' However, Cilvaringz conceded, the fact that the buyer cannot commercialize it means that they could distribute it for free. 'I hope they don't,' RZA said. 'This is unique and something only has value if it is rare.' | Wu-Tang Clan is selling new album for millions of dollars via Paddle8 . Sole buyer cannot share much-anticipated double LP for at least 88 years . On Monday night, group played the album to a few in Queens, New York . DailyMail.com among those to hear it for first - and last time before 2103 . RZA described the music as 'exclusive' and 'piece of contemporary art' Cher appears on the record because 'who didn't have a crush on Cher?' |
What are some interesting facts around Wilmer McLean's residencies when it comes to the American Civil War? | Wilmer McLean (May 3, 1814 – June 5, 1882) was an American wholesale grocer from Virginia. His house, near Manassas, Virginia, was involved in the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861. After the battle, he moved to Appomattox, Virginia, to escape the war, thinking that it would be safe. Instead, in 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in McLean's house in Appomattox. His houses were, therefore, involved in one of the first and one of the last encounters of the American Civil War. | He lived near Manassas, Virginia, where one for the first battles of the Civil War was fought, and then moved to Appomattox, also in Virginia, on this later home General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant, near the end of the Civil War. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Former Rangers, Russia and Holland manager Dick Advocaat has moved a step closer to being the next Sunderland boss . The Dutchman was heading to the north-east on Monday night for talks with the club following the sacking of Gus Poyet. Sporting Director Lee Congerton is understood to have identified Advocaat, who stepped down as Serbia coach in November, as the man to take over until the end of the season. Former Rangers, Russia and Holland manager Dick Advocaat is set to hold talks with Sunderland . Sunderland sacked Poyet in the wake of Saturday's humiliating 4-0 defeat at home to Aston Villa. The result leaves the Black Cats one point and one place above the drop zone and owner Ellis Short believes a change of manager is needed to avoid relegation. Poyet – who leaves after 17 months in charge – was informed of the club's decision having taken training at the Academy of Light on Monday morning. Gus Poyet was sacked by Sunderland with the club just one point above the relegation zone . Sunderland fans turned on manager Poyet (bottom right) during the defeat by Aston Villa on Saturday . Goalkeeper Costel Pantilimon looks dejected as Sunderland were thrashed 4-0 at home by Villa . Sportsmail reported earlier in the day that Congerton had advised Short to sack Poyet. A statement on the club's website confirmed the news and Short said: 'I would like to thank Gus for his endeavours during his time at the club, in particular last season's 'great escape' and cup final appearance, which will live long in the memory of every Sunderland fan. HULL . Chelsea (Home) - March 22 . Swansea (Away) - April 4 . Southampton (Away) - April 11 . Liverpool (Home) - April 18 . Crystal Palace (Away) - April 25 . Arsenal (Home) - May 2 . Burnley (Home) - May 9 . Tottenham (Away) - May 16 . Man United (Home) - May 24 . ASTON VILLA . Swansea (Home) - March 21 . Man United (Away) - April 4 . Tottenham (Away) - April 11 . Man City (Away) - April 25 . Everton (Home) - May 2 . West Ham (Home) - May 9 . Southampton (Away) - May 16 . Burnley (Home) - May 24 . *QPR (Home) - Date to be arranged . SUNDERLAND . West Ham (Away) - March 21 . Newcastle (Home) - April 5 . Crystal Palace (Home) - April 11 . Stoke (Away) - April 25 . Southampton (Home) - May 2 . Everton (Away) - May 9 . Leicester (Home) - May 16 . Chelsea (Away) - May 24 . * Arsenal (Away) - Date to be arranged . BURNLEY . Southampton (Away) - March 21 . Tottenham (Home) - April 5 . Arsenal (Home) - April 11 . Everton (Away) - April 18 . Leicester (Home) - April 25 . West Ham (Away) - May 2 . Hull (Away) - May 9 . Stoke (Home) - May 16 . Aston Villa (Away) - May 24 . QPR . Everton (Home) - March 22 . West Brom (Away) - April 4 . Chelsea (Home) - April 12 . West Ham (Home) - April 25 . Liverpool (Away) - May 2 . Man City (Away) - May 9 . Newcastle (Home) - May 16 . Leicester (Away) - May 24 . *Aston Villa (Away) - Date to be arranged . LEICESTER . Tottenham (Away) - March 21 . West Ham (Home) - April 4 . West Brom (Away) - April 11 . Swansea (Home) - April 18 . Burnley (Away) - April 25 . Chelsea (Home) - April 29 . Newcastle (Home) - May 2 . Southampton (Home) - May 9 . Sunderland (Away) - May 16 . QPR (Home) - May 24 . Note: Fixtures in May subject to change for television schedule. | Dick Advocaat to hold talks with Sunderland over being the next boss . The Dutchman was heading to the north-east on Monday night . Gus Poyet was sacked on Monday following 4-0 defeat by Aston Villa . The Black Cats are one point and one place above the drop zone . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Bernie Ecclestone is considering a women’s Formula One championship to give fans extra value for money during grand prix weekends. Ecclestone, the sport’s chief executive, floated the idea at a meeting with team bosses before Sunday’s Malaysian Grand Prix. If he manages to get his way, the likes of Williams test driver Susie Wolff, her counterpart at Lotus Carmen Jorda, IndyCar’s Danica Patrick and emerging British talent Alice Powell could all be handed drives. Bernie Ecclestone floated the idea at a meeting with team bosses before Sunday’s Malaysian Grand Prix . ‘I thought it would be a good idea to give them a showcase,’ said Ecclestone. ‘For some reason, women are not coming through — and not because we don’t want them. Of course we do, because they would attract a lot of attention and publicity and probably a lot of sponsors. ‘We have to start somewhere so I suggested to the teams that we have a separate championship and maybe that way we will be able to bring someone through to F1. They could race before the main event or perhaps on the Saturday qualifying day. ‘It is only a thought at the moment but I think it would be super for Formula One and the whole grand prix weekend.’ The likes of Williams test driver Susie Wolff could feature in Ecclestone's proposed women-only race . Lella Lombardi was the last woman to start a Formula One race, in 1976, and the only one to score points. Ecclestone’s support for a female series comes 15 years after he controversially joked that women should dress in white like all domestic appliances. Lotus F1 development driver Carmen Jorda is another driver who could feature in the proposed move . | Bernie Ecclestone floated the idea at a meeting with team bosses before Sunday’s Malaysian Grand Prix . Lella Lombardi was the last woman to start a Formula One race, in 1976 . The likes of Susie Wolff could feature in Ecclestone's new race idea . |
What are some defining qualities of authoritarianism? | Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voting. Political scientists have created many typologies describing variations of authoritarian forms of government. Authoritarian regimes may be either autocratic or oligarchic and may be based upon the rule of a party or the military. States that have a blurred boundary between democracy and authoritarianism have some times been characterized as "hybrid democracies", "hybrid regimes" or "competitive authoritarian" states.
The political scientist Juan Linz, in an influential 1964 work, An Authoritarian Regime: Spain, defined authoritarianism as possessing four qualities:
Limited political pluralism, is realized with constraints on the legislature, political parties and interest groups.
Political legitimacy is based upon appeals to emotion and identification of the regime as a necessary evil to combat "easily recognizable societal problems, such as underdevelopment or insurgency."
Minimal political mobilization, and suppression of anti-regime activities.
Ill-defined executive powers, often vague and shifting extend the power of the executive.
Minimally defined, an authoritarian government lacks free and competitive direct elections to legislatures, free and competitive direct or indirect elections for executives, or both. Broadly defined, authoritarian states include countries that lack civil liberties such as freedom of religion, or countries in which the government and the opposition do not alternate in power at least once following free elections. Authoritarian states might contain nominally democratic institutions such as political parties, legislatures and elections which are managed to entrench authoritarian rule and can feature fraudulent, non-competitive elections. In contexts of democratic backsliding, scholars tend to identify authoritarian political leaders based on certain tactics, such as: politicizing independent institutions, spreading disinformation, aggrandizing executive power, quashing dissent, targeting vulnerable communities, stoking violence, and corrupting elections. Since 1946, the share of authoritarian states in the international political system increased until the mid-1970s but declined from then until the year 2000. | 1. Limited political pluralism or outright rejection of political pluralism.
2. Lack of civil liberties
3. Lack of free, fair and competitive elections
4. So-called democratic institutions corrupted by authoritarian rule
5. Use of election tactics such as spreading misinformation, politicizing independent institutions, quashing dissent, engaging in culture wars, targeting vulnerable communities, stoking violence, and aggrandizing executive power.
6. Use of a strong central power to preserve the political status quo at the cost of basic democratic ideals such as the rule of law, separation of powers, and voting rights. |
Based on the reference text about McDonalds, tell me what year it was founded, how many daily customers they have, and their best selling product. | McDonald's Corporation is an American multinational fast food chain, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand, and later turned the company into a franchise, with the Golden Arches logo being introduced in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona. In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers. McDonald's had its previous headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but moved its global headquarters to Chicago in June 2018.
McDonald's is the world's largest fast food restaurant chain, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries in more than 40,000 outlets as of 2021. McDonald's is best known for its hamburgers, cheeseburgers and french fries, although their menu also includes other items like chicken, fish, fruit, and salads. Their best-selling licensed item are their french fries, followed by the Big Mac. The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants. McDonald's is the world's second-largest private employer with 1.7 million employees (behind Walmart with 2.3 million employees). As of 2022, McDonald's has the sixth-highest global brand valuation.
McDonald's has been subject to criticism over the health effects of its products, its treatment of employees, and other business practices. | McDonalds was founded in 1940 and serves over 69 million customers a day as of 2021. It's best selling product are their french fries. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Hong Kong (CNN)Disgraced former People's Liberation Army (PLA) general Xu Caihou has died of bladder cancer, Chinese state media has reported. He was 71. Xu, who passed away at a hospital on Sunday, became one of the highest-profile figures in China's military to be caught up in President Xi Jinping's war on corruption last year, when the government launched an investigation into him on the back of bribery allegations. The court decided not to prosecute Xu due to his illness, but said his illegal income, including the bribes he was determined to have accepted would be handled in accordance with the law. Formerly a vice-chairman of China's Central Military Commission, the body which runs the two-million strong PLA, Xu was also expelled from the Chinese Communist Party and had his rank of general revoked, according to a statement from the state-run Xinhua news agency. A seven-month investigation, which began in March last year, found that Xu took advantage of his position to assist the promotion of other people. He confessed to accepting bribes personally and through his family. He was also found to have sought profits for others in exchange for bribes taken through his family members. The amount he received was "extremely huge," the statement added. In Chinese President Xi Jinping's annual New Year speech, he reiterated China's "zero-tolerance" stance towards corruption, vowing to keep "waving high the sword against corruption" and "fastening the cage of regulations." 2014 saw Xi take down two top officials in China's fight against corruption, in addition to Xu. He took down former domestic security czar Zhou Yongkang, likely soon to become the most senior Chinese official ever to face corruption charges, and Ling Jihua, a top aide to ex-President Hu Jintao. State media have touted the trio as the three biggest "tigers" caught in Xi's now-two year old anti-graft campaign, which has a stated goal of targeting both "tigers and flies" -- high-and low-ranking officials. | Xu, a former vice chairman of the Central Military Commission, dies of bladder cancer . The official was the most senior military leader to face corruption charges in recent memory . Statement: Xu took advantage of his position to promote others and take bribes . |
What state was Margaret Hall from? | Margaret Hall (1876 – 1963) was a volunteer for the American Red Cross during World War I and a photographer who captured images of the conflict. Margaret Hall was a native of Newton, Massachusetts. She was from an affluent family and later inherited and ran her father's woolen mill. In 1899, she graduated from Bryn Mawr College with a degree in history and political science. She was a suffragist who marched in the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession and also participated in the 1913 Ladies Garment Strike. | Margaret Hall was from Massachusetts. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Top players often try to find a way to avoid difficult questions from the press, but Daniel Alves has found a more inventive method than most. The Barcelona full back was hounded by journalists while travelling home from a few days off over the international break. Alves has been linked with a move away from the Nou Camp when his contract expires this summer, and he was repeatedly asked where he would be going. After being pressed about his future at Barcelona, Daniel Alves started singing at journalists . Alves is out of contract at Barcelona this summer, and has been linked with a move to PSG . Despite Alves wearing headphones and giving every indication that he had no interest in talking to the press, the questions kept coming. Eventually, when directly asked about a reported agreement with Paris St Germain, the Brazil defender lost patience, grabbing the microphone off one of the reporters and bursting into song, blasting out a few bars of Bazilian singer-songwriter Xande de Pilares . Fortunately Alves is a better footballer than a singer, and despite not featuring during this international break, and being allowed to leave Barcelona, is not without suitors amongst Europe's elite. | Dani Alves is out of contract at Barcelona this summer . Alves was questioned about a possible move to Paris St Germain . The defender tried to avoid questions, eventually bursting into song . CLICK HERE for all the latest Barcelona news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The BBC has apologised after John Inverdale made an x-rated comment during BBC Radio 5 Live's coverage of the Cheltenham Festival. While interviewing former jockey John Francome and young jockey Lizzy Kellie, the presenter referred to 'rose-c*****' glasses live on air. Speaking to Kelly, Inverdale had said: 'This is looking at it through rose-c*****... rose-tinted glasses from the past... (I) apologise there for a slip of the tongue, but Lizzie your love of the sport just shines through' The BBC has had to apologise after presenter John Inverdale said 'rose-c***** glasses' live on air . After the incident, a BBC spokesperson said: 'It was a slip of the tongue and John apologised immediately afterwards.' It is not the first time Inverdale, who has over 30 years' broadcasting experience, has been forced to apologise for making inappropriate comments. A BBC spokesperson said: 'It was a slip of the tongue and John apologised immediately afterwards.' Inverdale previously said Marion Bartoli was 'never going to be a looker' live on air at Wimbledon . In 2013 he sparked outrage when he said tennis player Marion Bartoli was 'never going to be a looker' live on air before her appearance in the Wimbledon women's singles final. Inverdale later apologised to Bartoli, while also claiming his comments were in part attributable to a bout of hayfever which had left him feeling under the weather. | John Inverdale referred to 'rose-c***** glasses' in interview live on BBC . The presenter was speaking to John Francome and Lizzie Kelly . BBC spokesman said Inverdale's wording was a 'slip of the tongue' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)The family of Ashley Summers may have reason to be hopeful again. In May 2013, when police discovered three young women who had been imprisoned inside a nondescript Cleveland home for nearly a decade, Summers' family and law enforcement hoped one of the women would be Ashley, who disappeared in Cleveland around the same time as the other women. But the discovery turned out to be unrelated to Ashley's case and there was no new information about her whereabouts. But nearly eight years since she was last seen or heard from, the family's optimism has been restored by an unlikely discovery her step-grandmother made on the Rhode Island Most Wanted website in January. An ATM surveillance photo -- released by the Warwick, Rhode Island, Police Department in late October -- depicts an unidentified woman with a familiar face, Special Agent Vicki Anderson of the FBI Cleveland Division said. "This is an incredible lookalike," Anderson said of the photo. The resemblance to Ashley, who would now be 21, is "strikingly similar," she added. The woman in the photo, along with an unidentified man she appears with, was being sought by Rhode Island police as a suspect in a string of check and identification thefts in Rhode Island and Massachusetts, the FBI said. Ashley's step-grandmother alerted the FBI about the photo, Anderson said. "There's nothing that tells us that it is her, but there's nothing telling us that it's not her either," Anderson said. Still, she considers the surveillance footage to be a breakthrough in the case, given that the FBI has found no legitimate sightings or social media activity by Ashley since she disappeared on July 6, 2007. "It's the best lead we have," Anderson said. "We've had other supposed lookalikes, but nothing that has looked this similar. We consider this a huge tip for us." Because it is not possible to see the license plate of the car the couple was driving, Anderson said the FBI will rely exclusively on help from the public. "The FBI is utilizing a billboard campaign, social media and any news outlet that will air these photos for us," Anderson said. In the 2013 case, two of the missing women had been identified and police said they had disappeared within four years of when Ashley went missing -- and within five blocks of where she was last seen. "At first, when they said the third girl wasn't identified, I was hoping one would be Ashley," Debra Summers, her aunt, told CNN at the time. But the family's nightmare continued. "There is no new information that's come to light about her: Ashley Summers is an active, open investigation," Cleveland Police Deputy Chief Ed Tomba said at the time. "I can assure you that her disappearance was part of our questioning of the three subjects that we brought in." | Ashley Summers disappeared on July 6, 2007, when she was 14 . Her step-grandmother saw a photo of a woman who looks like Summers on the Rhode Island Most Wanted website . The FBI is seeking the public's assistance in identifying the woman . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | FA chairman Greg Dyke has described as ‘pretty scary’ the increase in disciplinary cases brought against players surrounding referees to try to influence decisions. Dyke was speaking out a week after Chelsea’s Champions League defeat by Paris Saint-Germain during which nine Chelsea players crowded around the Dutch referee Bjorn Kuipers following Zlatan Ibrahimovic’s challenge on Oscar which resulted in the Swedish talisman being sent off. The FA clampdown on such incidents has seen an increase in clubs in the top five divisions – from the Premier League to the Conference - charged with 'surrounding match officials' (three or more players from one club approach a match official in a confrontational manner) from six last season to 16 with another three months of the campaign still to go. John Terry, Cesc Fabregas and their Chelsea team-mates surround referee Bjorn Kuipers . All nine outfield Chelsea players remonstrate with Kuipers as Oscar is left in a heap on the floor . Warnings or reminders are also up from 23 last campaign to 29 during 2014-2015. Dyke said: 'We have seen a pretty scary increase this season in the number of clubs charged with their players surrounding referees. As a result we have written to the clubs in the top five divisions reminding them of the rules and their responsibilities. 'I believe it is particularly important for professional cubs to set an example so that this kind of conduct is not replicated at grassroots and youth level. The whole game needs to ensure it is addressing this issue.’ The rapid increase in FA charges follows not only the December letter sent to 116 teams but also visits to clubs last summer when this issue was raised directly with players who were told that it would not be tolerated. Zlatan Ibrahimovic was sent off for his challenge which provoked an aggressive reaction from Chelsea . Chelsea captain John Terry moved to defend his side's actions during their clash against Paris Saint-Germain . The FA will now look at heavier fines than the current sliding scale of costs from £20,000-£500 or other options to address the worrying upward curve in harassing the match officials. Referees could also start to be more proactive themselves by showing yellow cards to the players surrounding them, which is within their powers. Ironically, considering that the Chelsea players' distasteful conduct brought this issue to the fore, UEFA do not have a similar charge in their rulebook. Chelsea captain John Terry admitted after the PSG match that the willingness to surround referees ‘doesn’t look good’. But Terry was adamant they would continue to do so if they believe opponents - such as PSG – are attempting to exert their own influence on the match officials. Terry said: 'For me, if I have to run 20, 30 yards, it doesn’t look great, but when you’re standing back and seeing five or six of their players surrounding the ref... for me, I think I support my team-mates. 'And once I go, four or five go with me. It doesn’t look good at all, but that’s part of the game.' | Greg Dyke was speaking a week after Chelsea's defeat against PSG . Chelsea players crowded Dutch referee Bjorn Kuipers after Zlatan Ibrahimovic's tackle on Oscar... the Swedish talisman was sent off . The FA will look at heavier fines for clamping down on such incidents . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Maybe it is a formality, after all. Brendan Rodgers said recently no decision had been made on who would be Liverpool’s next captain but is there really a decision to make? For all that Liverpool’s manager will not be rushed into anointing Steven Gerrard’s successor, Jordan Henderson is compiling a case that is becoming impossible to overlook. He did exactly what a Liverpool skipper should do, making the difference in a game of great significance. Fresh from unleashing a thunderbolt that unhinged Manchester City, Henderson delivered once again, with a goal, an assist – his 11th of the season – for Daniel Sturridge and 90-minutes of relentless running in a 2-0 win that enhanced his side’s Champions League ambitions. Liverpool midfielder and vice-captain Jordan Henderson (left) celebrates scoring the opening goal for his side against Burnley . Emre Can (left) readies himself for the shot of Burnley striker Danny Ings (right) during the Premier League game at Anfield on Wednesday . Liverpool's attacking midfielder Adam Lallana (left) Adam Lallana closes down Burnley's Scott Arfield (right) who has a shot at goal . Reds boss Brendan Rodgers (left) stands unmoved on the touchline while Burnley counterpart Sean Dyche (right) shouts at officials . Burnley winger Michael Kightly shields the ball away from the oncoming Emre Can (right) as his side chase the game at Anfield . Henderson opens the scoring with a long-range effort, netting his second goal in his last two appearances for Liverpool . The midfielder lashes in a right-footed attempt from outside the box as Liverpool continue their charge on a top-four finish . Henderson slides to his knees delighted and is congratulated by team-mates Adam Lallana (right) and Raheem Sterling (left) Liverpool (3-4-3): Mignolet 7.5, Can 7.5, Skrtel 7, Lovren 7: Lallana 6.5, Henderson 8.5, Allen 7.5, Moreno 6.5 (Toure 73, 6), Sterling 6.5, Sturridge 6.5 (Johnson 82, 6), Coutinho 7.5 . Subs not used: Balotelli, Williams, Markovic, Ward . Scorers: Henderson 29, Sturridge 51 . Manager: Brendan Rodgers 7.5 . Burnley (4-4-2): Heaton 7.5: Trippier 7, Shackell 7, Keane 7, Mee 6.5: Arlfield 6, Jones 7, Boyd 6.5, Kightly 6 (Wallace 52, 6): Barnes 6 (Vokes 66, 6), Ings 6.5 (Jutkiewicz 90, 6) Subs not used: Duff, Reid, Gilks, Ward . Booked: Mee . Manager: Sean Dyche 6 . Referee: Lee Mason 6.5 . Attendance: 44,717 . Man of the Match: Jordan Henderson . Daniel Sturridge caps off a well worked Liverpool move to give his side a 2-0 lead on 51 minutes. This may not have been as eye-catching as Sunday’s tour de force but it was no less impressive. They were ruthless, efficient and energetic with excellent performers all over the pitch and in Henderson, Rodgers had someone to set the necessary example. ‘We were talking before the game about how well he (Henderson) is doing,’ noted Sturridge. ‘He is improving in every game and he has taken the responsibility with the armband. He has taken it to the next level.’ These are the types of games that Gerrard, watching in the Directors Box, has grabbed by the scruff of the neck and he would have nodded approvingly at the way Henderson led Liverpool in his absence. So, too, would Rodgers. Games that come so soon after significant victories can often become tests of endurance rather than opportunities to make statements and there was a reason to believe, having expended so much energy against City, that Burnley could make things difficult. Liverpool started, however, with intent. Quick, aggressive, energetic, they burst out of the blocks and could have had the lead within 24 seconds when move full of deft flicks and subtle touches, that brought Anfield to its feet, ended with Tom Heaton flinging himself to thwart Sturridge. Liverpool striker Daniel Sturridge (right) competes for the ball with Burnley's Michael Keane (left) during the Premier League clash . Sturridge (right) uses his pace to lose his marker, Burnley defender Ben Mee (left) and advance forward on the opposition goal . Liverpool defender Dejan Lovren (left) climbs highest to head the ball away from Burnley striker Ashley Barnes (right) Yet Burnley were not daunted. Gerrard noted in his programme notes that “nobody has it easy” against Sean Dyche’s side and they were intent of making this a contest, just as they had done at the Etihad Stadium and Stamford Bridge. At one point, when Martin Skrtel scuffed a clearance that nearly allowed Burnley to profit, Rodgers span on his heels and shook his head, anxious Liverpool might not capitalise on that big effort three days prior to topple the champions. His anxieties, though, were soon quelled. Henderson had served notice of his intent in the 24th minute, when forcing a plunging save from Heaton, but there was nothing Burnley’s keeper could do when the ball fell to him on the half-hour and he rifled in a swerving half-volley into the Kop net. Henderson might not commands big headlines but his importance to this Liverpool team should not be taken for granted and this was a vital contribution, his goal releasing the tension. With 16 months left on his current deal, Liverpool must surely endeavour to finalise a new contract for him. ‘His strike was terrific and so was the ball for the second goal,’ said Liverpool’s manager. ‘He has wonderful athleticism and is improving all the time. With him learning tactically he will become even better. It was a wonderful performance by him.’ Had Sturridge taken a glorious chance in the 42nd minute, when Coutinho ushered him through, the game would have been wrapped up but, as it was, Liverpool were given a reminder in injury time that they still had work to do when Ashley Barnes tested Simon Mignolet with a header. Burnley came out fighting at the re-start and Mignolet needed to take dramatic action in the 48th minute when he surged out of his goal to head away a ball that was Barnes was chasing, clattering into the forward in the process. Danny Ings (centre) presses forward for Burnley but is challenged by Liverpool winger Raheem Sterling (right) Reds striker Sturridge (right) again battles Burnley's Michael Keane (left) with Liverpool firmly in control of the game . Jordan Henderson rises highest send a headed effort towards Tom Heaton in the Burnley goal at Anfield on Wednesday night . Henderson’s strike meant Liverpool scored three Premier League goals in a row from outside the penalty area for the first time since 2007. Yet any hope they had of a comeback was soon extinguished. Liverpool pushed forward, with Lallana bobbing and weaving on the edge of the area, trying to find a way through; Henderson arrived to provide support and his precise cross demanded Sturridge apply the finish touch. Job done. From that point on, there was never any suggestion Liverpool, who have collected 30 point from the last 36 available, would falter, particularly with Emre Can – the hugely impressive German whom Rodgers labelled as being on the verge of “world-class” – helping Henderson set the tone. With good reason, Liverpool will be looking at their fixtures in the spring and sensing an opportunity to attack but so, too, do Burnley. This might have been an eighth game without winning but he is not in the mood to thrown in the towel. ‘Liverpool were a different side to the one we (lost to) on Boxing Day,’ said Dyche. ‘I would have taken being in this position with 10 games to go. There are teams under more pressure than we are.’ Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers beams as he watches a dominant display from his side against relegation battlers Burnley . Daniel Sturridge loses his man and leaps to score a headed goal and give Liverpool a 2-0 lead over Sean Dyche's men at Anfield . Sturridge's goal sealed three points for Liverpool, a result that sees them move to fifth in the Premier League table . | Liverpool secured a 2-0 win over Premier League strugglers Burnley at Anfield . Jordan Henderson opened the scoring for the Reds with a long-range effort in the first-half . Daniel Sturridge sealed the three points with a header after the restart . The result sees Liverpool move to fifth in the Premier League table with 51 points . Brendan Rodgers' side are two points behind fourth-placed Manchester Untied . |
Briefly summarize this paragraph on a Pearl Harbor conspiracy theory. | "Robert Stinnett's Day of Deceit suggests a memorandum prepared by Commander McCollum was central to U.S. policy in the immediate pre-war period. Stinnett claims the memo suggests only a direct attack on U.S. interests would sway the American public (or Congress) to favor direct involvement in the European war, specifically in support of the British. An attack by Japan would not, could not, aid Britain. Although the memo was passed to Captains Walter Anderson and Dudley Knox, two of Roosevelt's military advisors, on October 7, 1940, there is no evidence to suggest Roosevelt ever saw it, while Stinnett's claims of evidence he did is nonexistent. Moreover, although Anderson and Knox offered eight specific plans to aggrieve the Japanese Empire and added, "If by these means Japan could be led to commit an overt act of war, so much the better," of the eight "plans" (actions to be taken) offered in the memo, many if not all were implemented, but there is considerable doubt the McCollum memo was the inspiration.[citation needed] Nonetheless, in Day of Deceit Stinnett claims all action items were implemented. Yet there were numerous instances of members of the Roosevelt Administration insisting on not provoking Japan. Mark Parillo, in his essay The United States in the Pacific, wrote, "hese theories tend to founder on the logic of the situation. Had Roosevelt and other members of his administration known of the attack in advance, they would have been foolish to sacrifice one of the major instruments needed to win the war just to get the United States into it." Furthermore, on 5 November 1941, in a joint memo, Stark, CNO, and Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, warned, "if Japan be defeated and Germany remain undefeated, decision will still not have been reached.... War between the United States and Japan should be avoided...." Additionally, in a 21 November 1941 memo, Brigadier Leonard T. Gerow, head of Army War Plans, stated, "one of our present major objectives the avoidance of war with Japan...[and to] insure continuance of material assistance to the British." He concluded, "[I]t is of grave importance to our war effort in Europe..." Furthermore, Churchill himself, in a 15 May 1940 telegram, said he hoped a U.S. commitment to aid Britain would "quiet" Japan, following with a 4 October message requesting a USN courtesy visit to Singapore aimed at "preventing the spreading of the war" And Stark's own Plan Dog expressly stated, "Any strength that we might send to the Far East would...reduce the force of our blows against Germany..." Roosevelt could scarcely have been ignorant of Stark's views, and war with Japan was clearly contrary to Roosevelt's express wish to aid Britain."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theory | This paragraph summarizes both Robert Stinnett's argument that the US government intentionally provoked the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the counter-arguments. Stinnett's case is based largely on a memo from Commander McCollom stating that the only way to US population and its elected officials could be convinced to enter WWII would be if there was a direct attack on the US. Stinnett argues that the government then did everything recommended in the memo in order to compel the Japanese to attack. According to this paragraph, arguments that disprove Stinnett's claim include the fact that the military would never endanger the fleet in Pearl Harbor needed to win the war in a plan to convince the American people to join the way. In addition, there is compelling evidence that Roosevelt was attempting to minimize the conflict with Japan in order to focus on aid to England. |
Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name} | Bill Rasmussen came up with the concept of ESPN in May 1978, after he was fired from his job with the World Hockey Association's New England Whalers. Bill and his son Scott (who had also been let go by the Whalers) first rented office space in Plainville, Connecticut. However, the plan to base ESPN there was put on hold because of a local ordinance prohibiting buildings from bearing rooftop satellite dishes. Available land to build their own facility on was quickly found in Bristol, Connecticut (where the channel remains headquartered to this day), with funding to buy the property provided by Getty Oil, which purchased 85% of the company from Bill Rasmussen on February 22, 1979, in an attempt to diversify the company's holdings. This helped the credibility of the fledgling company; however, there were still many doubters about the viability of their sports channel concept. Another event that helped build ESPN's credibility was securing an advertising agreement with Anheuser-Busch in the spring of 1979; the company invested $1 million to be the "exclusive beer advertised on the network." | • Bill Rasmussen
• Scott Rasmussen |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Former Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser has died. He was 84. "It is with deep sadness that we inform you that after a brief illness John Malcolm Fraser died peacefully in the early hours of this morning," according to a Fraser family statement sent to Australian media. The office of current Prime Minister Tony Abbott confirmed Fraser's death to CNN. Fraser was Australia's 22nd prime minister, from 1975-1983. He began his mandate as a caretaker prime minister amid a constitutional crisis. Fraser will be remembered for his significant influence in changing relations of countries within the British Commonwealth, according to the National Archives of Australia. He is also credited with shaping Australian ties with East and Southeast Asian countries, according to the National Archives. People we've lost in 2015 . | Fraser was Australia's 22nd prime minister, from 1975-1983 . Fraser is credited with shaping Australian ties with East and Southeast Asian countries . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A few of Hollywood's most famous props have gone up on the auction block. Hollywood Auction Extravaganza XVII took place on Saturday, and collectors had a chance to bid on some memorable parts of movie history. With props from 2001: A Space Odyssey and Star Trek to a wide selection of Beatles merchandise, there was something for everyone. Scroll down for video . 2001 A Space Odyssey Hero Screen Used Aries 1B Trans-Lunar Space Shuttle . The Beatles Very Rare All Four Autographs On One Page Concert Manchester England On November 20th, 1963 at the Apollo Theater/ . 7th Voyage Of Sinbad Original Early Production Dragon Maquette . Sucker Punch IMAX Promotion Custom 1968 Yamaha 650 Bobber Motorcycle . The auction is being run by Premiere Props, who have sold goods from 500 of the biggest movies in history since they were founded in 2001. Among the films they have auctioned props from are Gangs of New York, Halloween, Terminator, Dracula and Dreamgirls, to name just a few. They have also auctioned off wears worn by the likes of Madonna, Marlon Brando and Arnold Schwarzenegger. Framed Collection of hero props from the classic thriller Red Dragon . Marilyn Monroe lock of hair from personal hairstylist Sydney Guilaroff. Obtained April 18th, 1961 (left) Leonard Nimoy presents Mr. Spock's Music From Outer Space LP with record from the 1960's . Chronicles Of Riddick Crematoria Key Prop and Fantastic Four Ben Grimm/The Thing Full Head Prosthetic . | A few of Hollywood's most famous props have gone up on the auction block . Hollywood Auction Extravaganza XVII took place on Saturday, and collectors had a chance to bid on some memorable parts of movie history . With props from 2001: A Space Odyssey and Star Trek to a wide selection of Beatles merchandise, there was something for everyone . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Louis Van Gaal said this week it could take £60million man Angel di Maria a year to adapt to life at Old Trafford - but it took the United boss 59 minutes to decide he had seen enough at St James' Park. Another unconvincing display was brought prematurely to an end moments after Di Maria flopped a hopeless right-wing cross into a visitors' box bereft of team-mates. But it could have been a different story if Di Maria - hauled off at half-time in Saturday's 2-0 win over Sunderland - had made his mark inside the opening minute. Angel di Maria trudges off the field after another disappointing performance for Manchester United . United's record £60m signing has struggled to adapt after a bright start to his Old Trafford career . Di Maria was marshalled out of the game by Newcastle midfielder Ryan Taylor (left) The Argentinian was sent clean through after a mistake by home defender Mehdi Abeid - but he inexplicably hesitated with the goal at his mercy and the chance was lost. It was destined to be Di Maria's best chance of making an impression. He was afforded plenty of space on the right flank but worked in fits and starts and was well marshalled by home pair Ryan Taylor and Sammy Ameobi. When he was too easily robbed in his own half one minute before the interval it sparked a charge upfield from Moussa Sissoko which ended in a clear-cut chance for Emmanuel Riviere in the visitors' box. The Argentina international is ushered back to the dug out after being substituted on 59minutes . Louis van Gaal hauled Di Maria off early for a second consecutive Premier League game . Di Maria did offer the occasional hint of quality in the second period, not least in the 54th minute when he provided the cross from which Marouane Fellaini then Ashley Young brought fine saves out of Tim Krul. But all too often the fickers were extinguished by those lackadaisical losses of possession of inexplicable passes into empty space. And shortly after one wasted opportunity too many, Di Maria was substituted again with the home fans' chants of 'what a waste of money' ringing in his ears. Ashley Young (right) scored the winner as United took their recent run to two losses from the last 22 games . Pappis Cisse has words with Jonny Evans after the pair appeared to spit at each other during the game . | Manchester United defeated Newcastle 1-0 at St James' Park . Record signing Angel di Maria was substituted after 59minutes . Louis van Gaal has claimed Argentina star could need a year to adapt . |
Extract from the following passage research related to electricity in the 17th and 18th centuries. | Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the "Thunderer of the Nile", and described them as the "protectors" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them.
Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing.
Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature.
Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus ("of amber" or "like amber",, elektron, the Greek word for "amber") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words "electric" and "electricity", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646.
Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges
In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his "On Physical Lines of Force" in 1861 and 1862.
While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life.
In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for "his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels.
The first solid-state device was the "cat's-whisker detector" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor.
Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948. | Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges
In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | David Moyes' Real Sociedad side ended their long wait for an away win in the Primera Division as they triumphed 1-0 at Getafe. Sociedad were the only La Liga side without a win on the road this season going into Monday's clash at the Coliseum Alfonso Perez, but they finally got that monkey off their backs courtesy of Inigo Martinez's second-half header. The Sociedad academy product rose highest to nod home Esteban Granero's accurate free-kick off a post in the 66th minute, although Getafe keeper Vicente Guaita will be disappointed at not being able to stop it. Inigo Martinez celebrates his second-half header which secured all three points for Real Sociedad . Martinez is mobbed by his Real Sociedad team-mates after scoring the only goal of the game on Monday . David Moyes pays tribute to the travelling fans after Real Sociedad claimed their first win on the road . Moyes' men have moved up to 10th in the table . Victory takes Sociedad up to 10th, level on 33 points with ninth-placed Espanyol, while Getafe remain 13th. Moyes' side, who like Getafe came into this game on the back of two wins and a defeat in their last three matches, saw plenty of ball early on but did little with it. The hosts looked sluggish during the opening exchanges, but they had a penalty appeal turned down in the ninth minute. Pedro Leon cut into the box and just as he looked to get it out of his feet and pull the trigger he was stopped in his tracks by a bumbling challenge from Sociedad centre-back Martinez. Referee Melero Lopez waved away the appeals, but the incident sparked Getafe into life and Quique Flores' side should have taken the lead when Alvaro Vazquez beat three defenders and then disappointingly toe-poked straight at Sociedad's grateful keeper Geronimo Rulli. Leon came within inches of opening the scoring after 20 minutes when he exquisitely curled onto the bar from the corner of the box. Getafe goalkeeper Vicente Guaita dives helplessly as Martinez's second-half header sails past his grasp . Gonzalo Castro (right) and Getafe's defender Alexis Ruano battle for the ball during the Monday night clash . Moyes shakes hands with Getafe's head coach Pablo Franco ahead of the La Liga encounter . Rulli was beaten all ends up as the ambitious shot sailed over his head and he - as well as everyone else - no doubt expected it to miss the target comfortably, but a deceptive dip saw it drop down sharply and clip the frame of the goal. Imanol Agirretxe had a few headed chances as Sociedad began to show more in the final third, but Leon went close with a wicked shot from distance before Diego Castro was bravely thwarted by Rulli in a goalmouth scramble as it remained 0-0 at the interval. Sergio Canales starred as Sociedad upped the tempo in the second half, first rounding three defenders and then forcing a good save out of Guaita, before desperate defending blocked his goal-bound shot from hitting an empty net in the 57th minute. Martinez made the pressure count by leaping highest to head Granero's pinpoint free-kick in with the help of a post as Guaita got close to clawing it away after it bounced off his right upright, but fell just short of getting a good enough contact. With Getafe frustrations boiling over after the goal, Juan Rodriguez protested too loudly when his penalty appeal for a challenge by Martinez and Granero was rejected and he was duly booked by Lopez. The hosts frantically probed for an equaliser late on, with Mehdi Lacen again forcing Rulli into another good save with six minutes remaining, but Sociedad held out to finally get a reward on their travels. | Real Sociedad were the only La Liga side without a victory on the road . But Inigo Martinez's second-half goal secured three points for the visitors . David Moyes' side are 10th, level on points with ninth-placed Espanyol . |
How many prototypes were made? | The first prototype was entirely mechanical. Three prototypes were made, and they were improved over one year. In the meantime, sure of having found a solution to the problem of taking 360° photos, Leme applied for a patent registration, a process that went on for some years. | Three prototypes were made and improved over one year. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)There's one big debut and several finales coming up in a busy week of television. The newest late night entry is one of six things we think you should tune in to this week. 1. 'The Late Late Show with James Corden,' Monday to Friday, 12:35 a.m. ET, CBS . Who is James Corden, you might ask? He's a household name in the United Kingdom, best known here for "Into the Woods" and "Doctor Who." He's also the brand-new host of the CBS "Late Late Show," replacing Craig Ferguson. His first show promises a fresh take on late night talk shows, especially with avant garde comedian and rapper Reggie Watts leading the house band. So far, Corden already has scored quite a coup for his first show: Tom Hanks will be his first guest. With so many late night shows out there, Corden hopes he can stand out thanks to his time slot. "I think in the time slot we're in, we have a carte blanche in a way to make a looser show and for it to feel like a more fun environment," Corden told The Hollywood Reporter. If Corden's promos are any indication, we're in for something different. 2. 'Pretty Little Liars,' Tuesday, 8 p.m. ET, ABC Family . After five seasons, 120 episodes, 123 texts and nine deaths, fans will find out just who has been tormenting the "liars" all this time: The identity of "A" will be revealed! At least that's what ABC Family promises for Tuesday night's season finale. 3. 'The Mindy Project,' Tuesday, 9:30 p.m. ET, Fox . This season has been a big one for doctor Mindy Lahiri (Mindy Kaling) -- she moved to California and she's having a baby after all. Little has been revealed about this week's season finale, but the episode's title, "Best Man," suggests there could be a wedding involved. 4. 'Inspector Gadget,' Friday, Netflix . Go Gadget go! A brand new series for a new generation hits Netflix this week. Little has been revealed about Netflix's foray into kids' programming with a dash of nostalgia. 5. 'Hart of Dixie,' Friday, 8:00 p.m. ET, CW . The Rachel Bilson primetime soap airs what could be its final episode. 6. 'Saturday Night Live,' Saturday, 11:29 p.m. ET, NBC . After three weeks off, "SNL" returns with "Furious 7" star Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson hosting this week's show with musical guest George Ezra. | James Corden breaks into late night on Monday as new "Late Late Show" host . Corden is a household name in the UK and will take over Craig Ferguson's show . Big finales this week include "Girls," "Mindy Project," "Pretty Little Liars" |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Nineteen-year-old Tony Robinson was not armed when a Madison, Wisconsin, police officer fatally shot him, Police Chief Mike Koval said Saturday. "We have to be clear about this," Koval said. "He was unarmed. That's going to make this all the more complicated for the investigators, the public, to accept, to understand ... why deadly force had to be used." The officer who killed Robinson, 12-year department veteran Matt Kenny, had used deadly force before, shooting and killing a man in 2007, the chief said. Kenny was exonerated of any wrongdoing and even received a commendation, the chief said, adding that the incident was "concluded to be a suicide by cop" situation. Robinson was shot after allegedly assaulting Kenny, who was responding Friday evening to a reported disturbance at a Madison residence, Koval said. Afterward, protesters in this university town took to the streets and converged on City Hall, chanting "Black lives matter." Koval called for calm, while acknowledging the protests are reminiscent of those that followed the deaths of black men in Ferguson, Missouri, and Staten Island, New York, after confrontations with police. Police described Robinson as African-American. "In light of so much things that have happened not just across the country, but in our own community, it's understandable that the reaction at the scene and of some of our citizens is extremely volatile, emotional and upsetting," the police chief told CNN affiliate WKOW-TV. "And we understand that. That's absolutely appropriate under these circumstances. We would urge, obviously, that everyone exercise restraint." Koval said he visited the home of Robinson's mother late Friday night and met Robinson's grandparents outside the house. They talked and prayed, the chief said, but they advised him to put off visiting Robinson's mother "based on the dynamics" of the situation. "I couldn't even begin to get my hands around the enormity of the loss and the tragic consequences," he said. "Nineteen years old is too young." Robinson's mother, Andrea Irwin, told CNN affiliate WKOW that she didn't understand what happened. "My son has never been a violent person, never," she said. "To die in such a violent way baffles me." Irwin said Robinson served as a father figure to her other children. "He was our caretaker and so gentle," she said. The incident started when authorities got a call that a black male was yelling and jumping in front of cars, Koval said. Dispatchers identified him as Robinson, according to 911 audio obtained by WKOW. A little later the dispatcher says, "Apparently Tony hit one of his friends, um no weapons seen." About four minutes later, the dispatcher says, "I got another call for the same suspect at [the same address]. He tried to strangle another patron." About 30 seconds later, an unidentified officer says, "Shots fired, shots fired." When Kenny went to the apartment, he heard some commotion and forced his way in, Koval said. "Once inside the home the subject involved in this incident -- the same one allegedly out in traffic and that had battered someone -- assaulted my officer," Koval said. After that, according to the chief, "The officer did draw his revolver and subsequently shot the subject." Backup officers and others at the scene performed CPR on the young man, who later died at the hospital. Kenny suffered a blow to the head, but is being treated and will be released, Koval said. Kenny has been placed on administrative leave with pay. Koval said he's not sure what Robinson was doing at the house in the first place. "His relationship to the home is unclear to me, although there were certainly familiar acquaintances. This was not a random place. He had hung out." In a statement Saturday, state Attorney General Brad Schimel said he "can only imagine the heartbreak" of Robinson's parents and added he's "concerned for the officer ... who, I imagine, is experiencing great trauma as well." "They are all in my thoughts and prayers," Schimel said. Under Wisconsin law, officer-involved shootings are investigated by an outside agency, in this case the Division of Criminal Investigation. Once DCI completes the investigation, the report will go to the local district attorney, Koval said. Some are demanding answers sooner rather than later. On Friday night, dozens of demonstrators came out to the area around the apartment, which police had blocked off. A group also moved toward City Hall before dispersing early Saturday. "Who do we trust?" some called out, prompting the response, "No one!" And in another refrain, they chanted, "Black lives matter." The protesters' sentiments were echoed online, where some adopted the #WillyStreet hashtag in reference to Williamson Street, where the shooting happened. "Praying for Madison tonight," wrote one activist. "Stand up, sit in, walk out - until u get answers. And until there are no more hashtag eulogies." Mayor Paul Soglin spoke to the raw feelings, calling what happened "an enormous tragedy." "We've got a family that's really hurting," Soglin said, according to WKOW. "And we've got a city and neighborhood that's feeling pretty well hurt itself." Some of the protesters were members of the Young, Gifted and Black Coalition that was formed last summer after the Michael Brown shooting in Ferguson. The group wants more reactive policing in African-American neighborhoods, said group member Brandi Grayson. She said Madison police park on street corners in African-American neighborhoods and wait for something to happen, which leads to residents being hassled. That doesn't happen in white neighborhoods, she said. She said Young, Gifted and Black will be working with church groups on Sunday and will hold more rallies Tuesday and Wednesday. CNN's Faith Karami and Kristina Sgueglia contributed to this report. | Tony Robinson, 19, was unarmed when an officer killed him, police chief says . Officer has been involved in a fatal shooting on duty in 2007, chief says . Activists hit the streets and take to Twitter to vent anger over the shooting . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsenal keeper David Ospina has joined up with his Colombia team-mates for the international break. The in-form stopper helped the Gunners secure three vital points at Newcastle on Saturday with a series of fine saves as Arsenal prevailed 2-1 at Newcastle. Victory keeps Arsene Wenger’s side hot on the heels of League leaders Chelsea and Manchester City with the international break upon the footballing world. Arsenal keeper David Ospina (bottom right) poses with his Colombia team-mates on a flight on Sunday . Colombia face Bahrain on Thursday before facing Kuwait at the end of the month in a duo of international friendlies. Ospina was snapped on the plane out on Sunday by team-mate and Borussia Dortmund striker Adrian Ramos, who posted a picture from the cabin with Toulouse’s Abel Aguilar and Aston Villa’s Carlos Sanchez. Ramos captioned the picture: ‘Again with family ... yes yes Colombia with my people…blessing’ as the quartet appeared in high spirits as Colombia look to build on a World Cup quarter-final outing last summer. David Ospina (centre) made a string of fine saves to help secure three points for Arsenal at St James' Park . Ospina is congratulated but double scorer Olivier Giroud after Arsenal beat Newcastle 2-1 on Saturday . Adrian Ramos (far right) lines-up with Borussia Dortmund team-mates after beating Hannover on Saturday . Aston Villa's Carlos Sanchez (left) in action against Swansea, under the challenge of Wayne Routledge . | The Gunners beat Newcastle 2-1 to remain in touch with Manchester City . Arsenal's No 1 now faces two friendlies with the Colombia national side . |
Please give short summary of Habiaganj Bazar railway station based on below | Habiganj Bazar–Shaistaganj–Balla line During the colonial British rule, train services were started by rail at Habiganj Mahukuma in Sylhet district of the then (Undivided British-India) Assam province. In 1928, the British government built the Habiganj Bazar-Shaistaganj-Balla line as railway line and built infrastructure.
The railway line was opened by the Assam Bengal Railway by the then British government from Habiganj district headquarters town to Balla border via Shaistaganj junction, about 45 or 52 kilometers long railway line.
Of these, the Shaistaganj-Habiganj (15 or 16 km) railway line was inaugurated in 1928 and the Shaistaganj-Balla (30 or 36 km) railway line was inaugurated in 1929.
Coal-engined trains used to run between eight stations at Habiganj Bazar, Habiganj Court, Shaistaganj Junction, Shakir Mohammad, Chunarughat, Amuroad, Assampara and Balla bordering Tripura.
Of these, Chunarughat, Amur road and Assampara stations were of great importance. Tea produced in 22 tea gardens from those three stations was transported by rail.
At that time, this railway was the only means of exporting tea leaves of 13 gardens of Chunarughat upazila of Habiganj at a low cost and importing related items including garden rations.
There are a total of 4 stations on the Shaistaganj-Habiganj railway line (excluding Shaistaganj Junction), namely: Habiganj Bazar, Habiganj Court, Dhuliakhal and Paikpara. The Shaistaganj-Balla railway line has a total of 7 stations (excluding Shaistaganj Junction), namely: Barkula, Shakir Muhammed, Sutang Bazar, Chunarughat, Amu Road, Assampara and Balla.
After the independence of Bangladesh, the importance of the Balla train increased further. For this reason, the railway authorities built two more stations named Sutang Bazar and Barkula, known as remote areas.
At that time, the role of the train in bringing back refugees from India was commendable. At that time, a diesel engine was added to the ballar train. The train used to travel twice a day from Habiganj to the border station Balla.
After the end of the refugee transportation phase, the smugglers took over the train in Balla. Later, the train of Balla became a train of smugglers. At first, the passengers protested about this, but later the passengers got the opportunity to travel without a ticket.
In such a situation, the running train suffered losses. The railway authorities suspended the renovation work of the railway line. | Habiaganj Bazar railway opened in 1928 in Sylhet district. The Habiaganj railway line operated from Habiganj district headquarters town to the Balla border via Shaistaganj junction. Coal-engined trains used to run between eight stations: Habiganj Bazar, Habiganj Court, Shaistaganj Junction, Shakir Mohammad, Chunarughat, Amuroad, Assampara, and Balla bordering Tripura. At that time, this railway was the only means of exporting tea leaves from the 13 gardens in Chunarughat upazila of Habiganj at a low cost.
After the independence of Bangladesh, the importance of the Balla train increased. The train's role at the time was to bring refugees back from India with an added diesel engine. The train used to travel twice a day from Habiganj to the border station at Balla. After the end of the refugee transportation phase, the train of BALAS became the train of smugglers. Initially, passengers protested, but the train suffered losses as they could travel without a ticket. Because of losses, train authorities suspended the renovation work. |
Retrieve the teams Doug Pederson was affiliated with as a coach | Douglas Irvin Pederson (born January 31, 1968) is an American football coach and former quarterback who is the head coach for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). Pederson spent most of his 13-season playing career as a backup to Brett Favre on the Green Bay Packers, where he was part of the team that won a Super Bowl title in Super Bowl XXXI. He was also a backup to Dan Marino on the Miami Dolphins and a starter for the Philadelphia Eagles and Cleveland Browns until retiring in 2004.
Pederson began his coaching career under Andy Reid, serving as an assistant for the Eagles from 2009 to 2012. After Reid became the head coach of the Kansas City Chiefs in 2013, Pederson followed him to serve as the Chiefs' offensive coordinator. He returned to the Eagles as their head coach in 2016, a position he held for five seasons. His greatest success was when he led the franchise to its first Super Bowl title in 2017's Super Bowl LII, making him one of four individuals to win a Super Bowl as a player and head coach. | Jacksonville Jaguars, Philadelphia Eagles, Kansas City Chiefs |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roberto Martinez was unmoved. Chomping on a piece of gum, arms folded tightly, Everton’s manager looked like a man who was feeling the tension of the day. The scene that was unfolding around him, however, was completely at odds with his demeanour. In one corner of Goodison Park, Ross Barkley was being mobbed by a group of ecstatic team-mates, while the stands were abuzz with exultant supporters. Barkley had just gracefully and gleefully ensured Everton had equalled their biggest win of a bewildering Barclays Premier League campaign, a 3-0 slaying of a wretched Newcastle United team who finished with 10 men, but, for a second, Martinez appeared reluctant to embrace the moment. James McCarthy (right) opened the the scoring for Everton on Sunday at Goodison Park and was congratulated by Aaron Lennon . Romelu Lukaku, having set up McCarthy for the opener, netted Everton's second from the penalty spot after Lennon was brought down . Ross Barkley celebrates after giving gloss to the victory with a stoppage time strike to make it 3-0 to the home side at Goodison Park . Everton (4-3-3): Howard 7; Coleman 7, Jagielka 7.5, Alcaraz 6.5, Baines 7; McCarthy 8 (Besic 86), Gibson 8, Osman 8.5; Lennon 7.5 (Atsu 83mins), Lukaku 8 (Barkley 74, 7), Kone 7. Unused subs: Garbutt, Naismith, Robles, Stones. Booked: Lennon. Manager: Roberto Martinez 8. Newcastle United (4-2-3-1): Krul 4; Janmaat 5, Coloccini 3, Williamson 5, Taylor 5; Colback 5 Gouffran 4; Obertan 4 (Perez 46, 5), Sissoko 5; Ameobi 4 (Cabella 58, 5); Riviere 5 (Gutierrez 62, 6). Unused subs: Anita, Armstrong, Elliot, Satka. Booked: Taylor, Sissoko. Sent off: Coloccini. Manager: John Carver 6. Referee: Martin Atkinson 7. Man of the match: Leon Osman. Tim Krul was at fault for the opener, click here for more from our brilliant Match Zone. Soon, though, the magnitude of the result dawned and Martinez was smiling. This was a big victory. The spectre of a relegation battle has been tormenting Everton during what has been a wretched 2015 but here was a scoreline and a performance to ease tensions. James McCarthy set the ball rolling, the excellent Romelu Lukaku secured the win from the penalty spot and Barkley provided the gloss when waltzing on to Christian Atsu’s pass in injury time. True, Newcastle’s resistance was meek but here was a significant step in the right direction. ‘We performed with real desire,’ said Martinez. ‘I thought we were very much in control, and most important of all we played well and wanted to win. In the past we have had a fearful approach in not wanting to lose but we showed what we can do. We dealt with the extra pressure.’ Big efforts on a Thursday night have tended to zap Everton on a Sunday and a return of eight points from a possible 24 immediately after Europa League games has shown what kind of impact progress in that competition has had domestically. Significantly, Martinez was able to shuffle his pack and inject some freshness with five changes to the team that had beaten Dynamo Kiev; it worked perfectly. The return of Darron Gibson, Leon Osman and Aaron Lennon, especially, made Everton a much more vibrant proposition. Sammy Ameobi breaks away from McCarthy down the wing with the two sides goalless at Goodison Park during Sunday's first half . Ameobi fights back gallantly as the winger attempted to stop Everton's on-loan winger Lennon in his tracks . McCarthy fires in his shot from the edge of the area as Fabricio Coloccini chases, but the effort found the net and eased Everton nerves . Finding form in the Barclays Premier League has been difficult for the Toffees who showed their relief in the goal celebrations . Roberto Martinez and John Carver share a laugh on the touchline as their two teams do battle on Merseyside . Jonas Gutierrez, who was again a Newcastle substitute, goes in for a challenge on McCarthy in midfield as Newcastle chase the game . A side with more class than Newcastle might have made things more problematic for Everton and it would have been interesting to see what had happened if either Gabriel Obertan or Mike Williamson had turned in the respective chances that came their way in the second minute. Yet that was as good as it got from Newcastle. Acting manager John Carver argued that his side finished strongly but the reality was they were comfortably beaten and had they returned to Tyneside having lost by six, there could not have been any argument. As soon as McCarthy opened the scoring, the outcome was never in doubt, the Republic of Ireland wrong-footing Tim Krul from 20 yards after Lukaku had laid Phil Jagielka’s long-ball into his path. Krul, really, should have done better but Everton were not complaining. It was, incredibly, McCarthy’s first shot on target in the Premier League for 10 months but it could not have come at a better time, as the relief around Goodison was almost tangible. This stadium can be unforgiving when things are going badly but here they were ready to enjoy themselves. Being unable to get a second goal before the interval caused a few murmurs but, with Newcastle’s play becoming more abject by the minute, there was never any sense Everton would get pegged back and they ended the contest in the 56th minute. Referee Martin Atkinson had no hesitation pointing to the spot after Yoan Gouffran got into a tangle and upended Lennon and Lukaku did the rest, rolling his kick into the Gwladys Street, just as he had done against Kiev. The Belgian had taken 20 penalties in training on Wednesday and scored 17. Newcastle’s task was made impossible when Coloccini was dismissed for clattering into Lennon – Carver said he would appeal if he felt Newcastle had a case but when he studies the video, he will realise an appeal would be futile – and that prompted the visiting fans to again barrack Mike Ashley. It was another one of those days for Newcastle but Carver, to his credit, would not throw in the towel. Lukaku steps up to slot home his second penalty of the week after also netting in the Europa League on Thursday night at Goodison Park . Tim Krul dived the wrong way and Lukaku simply had to find the net with his spot-kick, which he duly did to double the lead . The big Belgian forward celebrates after effectively sealing Everton's first win at Goodison Park of the calendar year on Sunday afternoon . Coloccini lunges in on Lennon within three minutes of Everton's second goal and is shown the red card by referee Martin Atkinson . Mike Williamson slides in to deny Arouna Kone as Everton surged forward in search of a third goal against their 10-man opponents . Barkley rounds Krul during stoppage time to add Everton's third after an impressive performance from the substitutes' bench . ‘There was a lot of disappointment after the game, usually, we leave them for a couple of days, but I asked the guys if they had anything to say, and two or three did,’ said Carver. ‘It was sensible, I won't name names, but they had something to say. There weren't tea cups thrown, they were sensible, and examined it well. I can't be down. I have never thrown the towel anywhere, and I won't do it here. I want them to be positive.’ On this evidence, that will prove easier said than done. The England youngster angles in his shot as Newcastle's defenders and the rest of Goodison Park can only watch on as it happens . Barkley celebrates his strike with the Merseyside crowd who were delighted to see their side win at home for the first time this year . The Newcastle players applaud the travelling fans who have hung around after the final whistle despite their heavy defeat at Goodison . | Everton were just three points above the relegation zone at the start of play after Burnley's win on Saturday . James McCarthy wrong-footed Tim Krul with his low shot from just outside the area to give Everton 20th-minute lead . Romelu Lukaku doubled the lead with a penalty on 56 minutes after Aaron Lennon was fouled by Yoan Gouffran . Fabricio Coloccini was red carded for lunge at Lennon in the 59th minute as Newcastle fell apart . Arouna Kone rounded Newcastle keeper Krul in the closing stages but could not find the net from a tight angle . Ross Barkley capped the win with his second goal of the season during stoppage time with a cool finish . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Louis van Gaal will have to find a cure for Manchester United's travel sickness if his side are going to win their battle to claim a Champions League spot ahead of either Arsenal or Liverpool. Manchester United appointed Van Gaal to repair the damage caused by their disastrous 2013-14 campaign under David Moyes. However the Dutchman's first season at the helm of the Barclays Premier League outfit has not exactly gone to plan. Louis van Gaal's Manchester United laboured to a 1-0 win against Newcastle on Wednesday evening . Ashley Young scored in the 89th minute to give his side a crucial win in their race for a top four spot . P W D L F A PTS W% . 2014/15 14 4 7 3 17 16 19 28.57 . Under David Moyes 18 10 3 5 34 21 33 55.56 . David Moyes saw his side win 10 of their 18 Premier League matches away from Old Trafford . Liverpool vs Manchester United - March 22 . Chelsea vs Manchester United - April 18 . Everton vs Manchester United - April 26 . Crystal Palace vs Manchester United - May 9 . Hull vs Manchester United - May 24 . Manchester United's away form has been nothing short of average with Van Gaal's side collecting maximum points on just four of their 14 away trips. The Red Devils need to win two more games from their last six away matches to avoid a new club record low in the Premier League. Their worst season away from Old Trafford came in the 2010-11 season when Sir Alex Ferguson's then side claimed just 25 points from 19 away matches. Manchester United managed to win the title in 2011 despite their poor away form as they won 18 of their 19 home league games. United won the league title in 2011 despite their worst Premier League season away from Old Trafford . Van Gaal's away record is remarkably worse than Moyes' win percentage on the road as the Scotsman guided his side to 10 wins out of a possible 18 during his short stint at the club. Moyes' away win percentage at Manchester United was 55.56 per cent, which looks impressive when compared to Van Gaal's 28.57. And Van Gaal's side, who claimed a late 1-0 win against Newcastle at St James' Park on Wednesday, are yet to face rivals Liverpool and Premier League leaders Chelsea at Anfield and Stamford Bridge respectively. | Man United's 2014-15 league away win percentage stands at just 28.6% . Louis van Gaal side have won four of their 14 away matches this season . David Moyes won 10 of his 18 league matches during his time in charge . United claimed just 25 points away from Old Trafford in 2010-11 campaign . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
What are all the different names for COVID-19 and which one is the most recommended? | During the initial outbreak in Wuhan, the virus and disease were commonly referred to as "coronavirus" and "Wuhan coronavirus", with the disease sometimes called "Wuhan pneumonia". In the past, many diseases have been named after geographical locations, such as the Spanish flu, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and Zika virus. In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended 2019-nCoV and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease as interim names for the virus and disease per 2015 guidance and international guidelines against using geographical locations or groups of people in disease and virus names to prevent social stigma. The official names COVID‑19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by the WHO on 11 February 2020 with COVID-19 being shorthand for "coronavirus disease 2019". The WHO additionally uses "the COVID‑19 virus" and "the virus responsible for COVID‑19" in public communications. | Here are a list of names for COVID-19 that were mentioned: coronavirus, Wuhan coronavirus, Wuhan pneumonia, 2019-nCoV, 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, COVID‑19, SARS-CoV-2, the COVID‑19 virus, the virus responsible for COVID‑19.
The official names COVID‑19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by the WHO on 11 February 2020, but they also use "the COVID‑19 virus" and "the virus responsible for COVID‑19" in public communications.
Based on this information, the most recommended name is COVID-19. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Wayne Rooney has been named England's player of the year after coming out on top in a fan vote. The England skipper was presented with the award ahead of Tuesday's training session at St Georges Park. Chelsea's Dominic Solanke received the young player of the year award as voted for by England development coaches. Wayne Rooney has been named England's player of the year while Dominic Solanke scooped the youth award . Wayne Rooney chests the ball while Solanke (second right) also trained with Roy Hodgson's England side . The youngster is a member of England's Under 18 squad but trained with Roy Hodgson's men on Tuesday. Meanwhile, Tottenham striker Harry Kane stepped out for his first senior England team training session. Kane, who scored a hat-trick against Leicester to take his season tally to 29 goals at the weekend, will be hoping to impress England boss Roy Hodgson ahead of Friday's Euro 2016 qualifier against Lithuania. Harry Kane trains with the England senior squad for the first team at St George's Park on Tuesday morning . Kane goes through a drill with the ball as training gets underway at England's Burton-upon-Trent base . The 21-year-old striker looked at ease as during a light warm-up as he jogged alongside fellow uncapped Spurs team-mate Ryan Mason, who was drafted into the squad after Adam Lallana withdrew because of a groin injury. However, Aston Villa midfielder Fabian Delph did not take part in the session through illness. The FA's technical director Dan Ashworth and sports psychiatrist Steve Peters were both seen at the session. England take on Lithuania in Friday's Euro 2016 qualifier at Wembley before playing a friendly against Italy at the Juventus Stadium in Turin. | Wayne Rooney named England's player of the year by supporters . Chelsea's Dominc Solanke scooped the young player award . Blues youngster trained with Roy Hodgson's side on Tuesday . England face Lithuania in Friday's Euro 2016 qualifier at Wembley . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester City have failed to freshen up their starting line-up despite spending a staggering £327million on new players during the last four years. The Barclays Premier League champions, who must overturn a 2-1 deficit against Barcelona on Wednesday night if they are to progress to the quarter-finals of the Champions League, have made just two major changes to their starting line-up since the start of the 2011-12 season. Despite spending an extravagant amount of money, Martin Demichelis and Fernando are the only two players who have managed to hold down a regular starting spot since sealing moves to the Etihad Stadium. Man City have made just two major changes to their starting line-up since 2011 despite spending £327m - Aleksandar Kolarov will replace Gael Clichy from the side defeated by Barcelona on February 24, 2015 . Fernando has replaced Gareth Barry while Martin Demichelis has come in for Joleon Lescott - above picture was taken before Manchester City's 1-1 draw with Napoli on September 14, 2011 . The aforementioned duo have replaced Joleon Lescott and Gareth Barry respectively in what is perceived to be Manchester City's strongest line-up. Gael Clichy has come close to edging his way into Manchester City's side but he shares left back duties with Aleksandar Kolarov and is suspended on Wednesday after being sent off in the first leg. Their major European rivals, on the other hand, have made at least six changes to their starting line-ups. Arsenal have made the most with 10 while upcoming opponents Barcelona have made six. Manchester City may have to change tack in Europe if they crash out of the Champions League on Wednesday, as a side of their calibre should be progressing to the latter stages of Europe's most prestigious competition. 2011: Hart; Zabaleta, Kompany, Lescott, Kolarov; Silva, Toure, Barry, Nasri; Aguero, Dzeko . 2015: Hart; Zabaleta, Kompany, Demichelis, Kolarov; Silva, Toure, Fernando, Nasri; Aguero, Dzeko (two changes) Luis Suarez (left) and Neymar (centre) have joined Lionel Messi (right) at the Nou Camp . 2011: Valdes; Alves, Puyol, Pique, Abidal; Xavi, Busquets, Iniesta; Villa, Messi, Pedro . 2015: Ter Stegen; Alves, Mascherano, Pique, Alba; Rakitic, Busquets, Iniesta; Suarez, Messi, Neymar (Six changes) European champions Real Madrid have made six major changes in the same period - with the likes of Luka Modric and Gareth Bale sealing moves to the Santiago Bernabeu during the last four years. Real Madrid have freshened up their side by spending £344m on new players while also selling Angel di Maria, Mesut Ozil and Gonzalo Higuain for big money. 2011: Casillas; Arbeloa, Carvalho, Ramos, Marcelo; Diarra, Alonso; Di Maria, Ozil, Ronaldo; Benzema . 2015: Casillas; Carvajal, Varane, Ramos, Marcelo; Modric, Kroos, Rodriguez ; Ronaldo, Bale, Benzema (Six changes) Gareth Bale (left) joined Real Madrid for £86m in 2013 while Angel di Maria (right) was sold to Man United . Manchester City's major rivals for the Premier League title - Chelsea - have also made a considerable amount of changes during the last four years. Blues captain John Terry, who seems to be getting better with age, and Branislav Ivanovic are the only real survivors from the 2011-12 season - following a £419m outlay on transfers. 2011: Cech; Ferreira, Ivanovic, Terry, Cole; Ramires, Essien, Lampard, Malouda; Anelka, Drogba . 2015: Courtois; Ivanovic, Cahill, Terry, Azpilicueta; Matic, Fabregas; Hazard, Oscar, Willian, Costa (Nine changes) John Terry and Branislav Ivanovic, pictured in 2011, have managed to keep their place in Chelsea's XI . Arsene Wenger has revamped his squad during the last four years with the Arsenal boss choosing to change his usual procedure when it comes to signing players. The Frenchman has splashed the cash on the likes of Ozil, Alexis Sanchez and Danny Welbeck. 2011: Fabianski; Sagna, Koscielny, Vermaelen, Clichy; Nasri, Wilshere, Song, Fabregas, Rosicky; Van Persie . 2015: Ospina; Debuchy, Koscielny, Mertesacker, Monreal; Coquelin, Cazorla; Welbeck, Ozil, Sanchez; Giroud (10 changes) France international Lauren Koscielny is the only survivor from Arsenal's side in 2011 . Bundesliga giants Bayern Munich, who won the Champions League in 2013, have also made wholesale changes to their starting line-up throughout the last four years. Philipp Lahm, Thomas Muller, Arjen Robben and Franck Ribery have held down a spot despite the club's decision to spend £206m since 2011. 2011: Butt; Breno, Van Buyten, Badstuber, Lahm; Robben, Schweinsteiger, Kroos, Ribery, Muller, Gomez . 2015: Neuer; Rafinha, Benatia, Boateng, Lahm; Gotze, Alonso; Ribery, Muller, Robben, Lewandowski (seven changes) Arjen Robben (left) and Franck Ribery (right) remain key players at German outfit Bayern Munich . VIDEO Pellegrini defiant over City future . | Manchester City have made just two changes to their starting line-up . Gareth Barry and Joleon Lescott have been replaced since 2011 . Fernando and Martin Demichelis have held down a regular spot in City's XI . Arsenal have made 10 changes to their side during same time period . European champions Real Madrid have made six changes . READ: Martin Samuel on Manchester City's player expenditure . |
From the passage provided, extract list of language drivers for Cassandra. Separate them with a comma. | Cassandra introduced the Cassandra Query Language (CQL). CQL is a simple interface for accessing Cassandra, as an alternative to the traditional Structured Query Language (SQL). CQL adds an abstraction layer that hides implementation details of this structure and provides native syntaxes for collections and other common encodings. Language drivers are available for Java (JDBC), Python (DBAPI2), Node.JS (Datastax), Go (gocql) and C++.
The keyspace in Cassandra is a namespace that defines data replication across nodes. Therefore, replication is defined at the keyspace level. Below an example of keyspace creation, including a column family in CQL 3.0: | Java (JDBC), Python (DBAPI2), Node.JS (Datastax), Go (gocql), C++ |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Novak Djokovic is known for his athletic ability, but we normally think about the world No 1 within the confines of a tennis court, not a dance studio. But that is exactly where the 27-year-old was as he and his wife decided to try their luck at ballet in between matches. The current Wimbledon and Australian Open champion posted a photo online of the couple together and wrote: 'Ballet with my wife'. Current Wimbledon and Australian Open champion Novak Djokovic poses with his wife after taking up ballet . Djokovic and his partner Nenad Zimonjic during their win against Croatia's Marin Draganja and Franko Skugor . Djokovic played a major role as Serbia beat Croatia in all five of their matches in the first round of the Davis Cup on Sunday and set up a quarter-final clash with Argentina in the summer. Serbia's No 1 beat Mate Delic in straight sets before emerging victorious in his doubles match too - teaming up with Nenad Zimonjic to beat Marin Draganja and Franko Skugor. Djokovic, though, wasn't even initially supposed to play in the match. Viktor Troicki was named to play alongside Zimonjic but Serbia coach Bogdan Obradovic opted for Djokovic after his impressive performance against Delic.. World No 1 Djokovic celebrates with his team-mates after winning his Davis Cup doubles match . Serbia's No 1 also beat Mate Delic in straight sets in his Davis Cup singles match . | Novak Djokovic posted a picture online of him and his wife doing ballet . The world No 1 played starring role in Serbia's recent Davis Cup matches . Djokovic featured in both doubles and singles matches, winning both . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A Virginia teenager was arrested Friday for helping a man travel to Syria in order to join ISIS forces, according to a report. The 17-year-old was taken into custody during an FBI raid on the teen's home in Woodbridge, neighbors said. The Washington Post reports that the boy, who is a student at Osbourn Park High School in nearby Manassas, is being charged as a juvenile, although officials are working to try him as an adult. High schooler: FBI officials arrested a 17-year-old in connection with a man who traveled to Syria and joined up with ISIS . According to officials whose names were withheld by the paper, the teenager allegedly used online contacts to help another slightly older man travel to Syria and link up with ISIS. Officials said they conducted surveillance on the home for about a month before the teenager's arrest. The man who traveled to Syria is expected to face charges, according to officials, who also looked into another 17-year-old student at Osbourn Park, before judging him to have played a much smaller role. A neighbor said that FBI officials knocked on the front and back doors of the home before someone inside opened up. The boy was later led out in handcuffs, with the officials also carrying a computer and other electronic equipment, the neighbor said. Though she did not give her name, the neighbor said that the boy had attended middle school with her daughter and that in spite of spending most his time in the home, remarked the boy seemed like a typical teenager. Drawn to extremism: The man helped by the teenager in Woodbridge successfully reached Syria through contacts overseas to join up with ISIS (file photo) The boy's alleged online ties to individuals close to the Islamist extremist group surprised some who knew him as a smart young man interested in business and technology. 'He was a brilliant kid,' said Dustin O’Bryant, who hired the teenager to write for his site Coin Brief. 'His English wasn’t perfect, but I was willing to overlook that because the content was great.' O'Bryant said he hired the teenager for the site, which covers BitCoin and other digital currencies, after being impressed by a chemistry paper the boy wrote. He 'had a really strong understanding of the technology behind digital currency in general and even more advanced systems,' O'Bryant said. BuzzFeed reports that the teenager had not communicated with O'Bryant, who lives in Alabama, since February, when he told him he was going through personal issues. 'He in no way came across as any sort of extremist,' O'Bryant said. 'My hope is that there was some kind of misunderstanding, that he didn’t know who he was helping.' | The boy allegedly used online contacts to help another slightly older man travel to Syria and link up with ISIS . The teenager wrote about Bitcoin and other digital currencies for the site Coin Brief . The site's founder said he'd hired the teen off of a chemistry research paper he'd written and could not believe he was in communication with extremists . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ahead of this weekend's Premier League action, Sportsmail will be providing you with all you need to know about every fixture, with team news, provisional squads, betting odds and Opta stats. Here is all the information you need for West Brom's home clash with Stoke City... West Brom vs Stoke City (The Hawthorns) Team news . West Brom . Tony Pulis has doubts over strikers Saido Berahino, Brown Ideye and Victor Anichebe for the Barclays Premier League clash with Stoke on Saturday. Berahino and Ideye have been playing through the pain barrier recently while Anichebe has a groin problem. Winger Callum McManaman has a foot injury which boss Pulis has decided to rest for a few weeks. Provisional squad: Foster, Myhill, Pocognoli, Wisdom, Lescott, Baird, Dawson, Olsson, McAuley, Gamboa, Morrison, Yacob, Mulumbu, Brunt, Gardner, Sessegnon, Berahino, Ideye. Striker Saido Berahino is a doubt for West Brom ahead of Saturday's clash with Stoke City . Stoke City . Ryan Shawcross is available for Stoke after recovering from a back problem and could return to face West Brom. The defender has been out since January but boss Mark Hughes must make a decision whether to throw him straight back in. Stephen Ireland is likely to sit out with a gashed leg while Philipp Wollscheid (groin) is struggling and Bojan Krkic and Peter Odemwingie (both knee) remain long-term absentees. Provisional squad: Begovic, Butland, Wollscheid, Shawcross, Cameron, Wilson, Bardsley, Pieters, Nzonzi, Adam, Whelan, Sidwell, Walters, Arnautovic, Crouch, Moses, Diouf, Shenton, Teixeira. Ryan Shawcross is available for Stoke after a back problem and could return to face West Brom . Key match facts (supplied by Opta) Saido Berahino has scored in three of his last four Premier League appearances. Kick-off: Saturday (3pm) Odds (subject to change): . West Brom 11/8 . Draw 21/10 . Stoke City 11/5 . Referee: Kevin Friend . Managers: Tony Pulis (West Brom), Mark Hughes (Stoke City) Mame Biram Diouf has scored three goals in two Barclays Premier League appearances against West Bromwich Albion. West Brom have failed to score in eight of their 11 Premier League meetings with Stoke City. The Potters have lost just one of the 11 Premier League meetings with the Baggies (W7 D3 L1). Stoke have won six and lost none of their last seven league visits to the Hawthorns winning all five visits in the Premier League. Six of the last eight Premier League goals Stoke have scored have been headers. Stoke City have scored 97 goals away from home in Premier League history. Mame Biram Diouf scoring for Stoke City as they beat West Brom 2-0 in December last year . There have been just 18 yellow cards in the 11 Premier League meetings between West Brom and Stoke, with no Baggies player being booked in seven of those 11 games. West Brom have kept five clean sheets in six games in all competitions at the Hawthorns under Tony Pulis. Pulis had five seasons as boss of Stoke City in the Premier League, winning 29% of his matches. He was replaced by Mark Hughes in May 2013 who has a 38% win rate. | Saido Berahino, Brown Ideye and Victor Anichebe doubts for West Brom . Ryan Shawcross could return for Stoke City following injury absence . West Brom failed to score in eight of 11 Premier League games with Stoke . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Six weeks into the murder trial of former NFL star Aaron Hernandez, jurors in Fall River, Massachusetts, are getting more pieces of a time line leading up to the 2013 shooting death of Odin Lloyd, a semi-pro football player who was dating the sister of Hernandez's fiancée. Taking center stage this week -- videotape never before seen in public, taken from Hernandez's own home security system. Prosecutors are using that grainy footage to suggest Hernandez is holding a .45-caliber handgun -- the same kind police say was used to kill Lloyd. Hernandez is seen on camera pulling into his driveway minutes after Lloyd was shot to death in an industrial park about a mile from Hernandez' Boston home. "In my opinion, the firearm shown in the video stills is a Glock pistol," Glock sales manager Kyle Aspinwall testifies. Hernandez, Ernest Wallace, and Carlos Ortiz are seen on the same security video, recorded at about 3:30 a.m. on June 17, 2013, after the men walk into Hernandez's home. All three have been charged with murder in the death of Lloyd and have pleaded not guilty. Wallace and Ortiz are being tried separately. The video is time-stamped minutes after workers in a nearby industrial park describe hearing loud noises like fireworks -- the moment prosecutors say Lloyd was gunned down after getting out of a car driven by Hernandez. Jurors lean forward in their chairs, peering into monitors and scribbling notes as Aspinwall, a former Massachusetts state trooper and New Hampshire police chief, takes them frame by frame through video during two days of testimony. Aspinwall tells jurors Hernandez appears to be holding the pistol by its muzzle as he's standing at his basement door. The defense will have none of it. They attack Aspinwall's credentials. Aspinwall is well-schooled in Glocks but admits he doesn't consider himself a gun identification expert. Hernandez's lawyers then show a different part of the video time-stamped a few seconds earlier with Hernandez holding what appears to be a shiny object in one hand, suggesting it may be an iPad. "Glock pistols don't have white glows to them, do they?" defense attorney James Sultan asks. "No, they do not," Aspinwall answers. Sultan then displays a soft-pellet gun similar in shape to a Glock, suggesting it could also be the object Hernandez is holding. Prosecutors dispute the suggestion. "Are you aware of anybody going pellet gun shooting at 3:30 in the morning?" Bristol County Assistant District Attorney Patrick Bomberg asks Aspinwall. University of New Hampshire law professor Michael McCann calls the Glock expert's findings powerful; yet, he thinks the defense did a solid job of raising questions about the fuzzy video. "The jury might think that the defense is just throwing things against the wall," he says. "But on the other hand, the jury may feel like it could be one of a dozen things. That's reasonable doubt." One thing not in dispute: the alleged murder weapon remains missing. So does a solid motive. Prosecutors could be laying the groundwork for showing more surveillance video of Hernandez -- who at the time was a star receiver for the New England Patriots -- partying with Lloyd and Hernandez's personal barber at Rumor nightclub two nights before Lloyd's death. Investigators say Hernandez was angry that Lloyd was talking to some people that night. Hernandez and Lloyd are not seen together on a camera pointed at the club's bar, and they appear to be separated for a time when they leave, but so far there's no testimony about what may have gone wrong. What might Hernandez's fiancée say? Akil Joseph, a longtime friend of Lloyd's who takes the stand, tells jurors he talked with Lloyd at the club and says he appeared "normal." When Azil Joseph leaves the stand, he keeps his eyes locked on Hernandez until he walks past the defense table. Cameras show Hernandez leaving the bar, but they do not show the moment when a parking valet testified he saw what he believed to be a gun in Hernandez's waistband. The valet's hotel security boss tells jurors he didn't see a weapon under the football player's shirt. Near the club, Hernandez is in his SUV with Lloyd and another friend. Hernandez offers a ride to Jennifer Fortier, his babysitter, who happened to be nearby with a friend. Fortier tells jurors Hernandez and Lloyd were smoking pot. Despite her objections, Hernandez drives her and the friend to Hernandez's so-called "flophouse" about 20 minutes from Gillette Stadium, the Patriots' home field in Foxborough. Fortier testifies that Hernandez "tried kissing me." "I told him 'No, I'm your nanny. I can't do this,'" she adds. "He said he understood ... and he wasn't mad at me." | Aaron Hernandez on trial for death of Odin Lloyd . Testimony focused on security video from Hernandez's home . Debate over whether Hernandez holding gun or electronic device . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Liverpool's win over Manchester City on Sunday lifted them to within two points of the Champions League places and Brendan Rodgers' side are one of the hottest teams in Europe right now. Since the turn of the year, Liverpool - led by the form of Philippe Coutinho - have picked up 20 points from eight games at a remarkable two and a half points per game. Arsenal, with 18 points from eight games, and Chelsea, who have 14 from seven, have been the next best in the Premier League this calendar year, but Liverpool's quest for Champions League football has outstripped all their rivals. Liverpool, with the help of some stunning goals from Philippe Coutinho, are one of Europe's form sides . Brendan Rodgers' team have climbed to fifth in the Premier League table, just two points behind Man United . Arsenal have also begun 2015 well in the league, with 18 points from eight games since New Year's Day . In the top five leagues in Europe only Wolfsburg, who have won five and drawn one of their six games this year, have picked up points at a better rate. The German side have narrowed the gap to Bundesliga leaders Bayern Munich since the beginning of January, but still trail the champions by eight points. With striker Bas Dost in remarkable form - with 13 goals in his eight games since January 1 - and former Chelsea midfielder Kevin De Bruyne pulling the strings behind him, Wolfsburg now look nailed on for a Champions League spot. In fact, qualification for Europe's biggest competition links all of the top form teams, with few of 2015's best performers actually challenging for the title in the top leagues around the continent. Brendan Rodgers celebrates Liverpool's win against Manchester City which continued their great form . In Spain, Valencia's excellent run of just one defeat and one draw in nine games this year has lifted them to within a point of Atletico Madrid in third place, though they are still eight points short of Real Madrid at the top of the table. The most remarkable upsurge in form comes from Caen, who have picked up 19 points from eight games, having only earned 15 from their 19 matches in the first half of the season. The run has seen them earn a 2-2 draw against PSG and beat Marseille 3-2 having trailed 2-0 in both games. Wolfsburg striker Bas Dost is Europe's sharpest marksman in 2015, with 13 goals in his last eight games . The Dutch striker has been a revelation in 2015, having only scored once before the turn of the year . Emiliano Sala scored against Marseille as Caen came back from two goals down . Remy Vercoutre, the Caen keeper, salutes the fans after his side's remarkable run continued in Marseille . On-loan Argentine foward Emiliano Sala, signed from Bordeaux at the end of January, has scored four times in the last three games as Caen have climbed from bottom of the league on New Year's Day to a comfortable mid-table spot, five points above the drop zone. Only in Italy have the team top of the league started 2015 with the best form. Juventus have earned 19 points from nine games - the same number as city-rivals Torino - to stretch their lead over Roma at the top of Serie A to nine points. The top two sides in Italy met on Monday night when they played out a 1-1 draw that keeps Juve on course for a fourth straight Scudetto. Seydou Keita equalised for 10-man Roma against table-topping Juventus . Carlos Tevez's free-kick had put Juventus ahead as they continue to dominate in Serie A . | Brendan Rodgers' side have picked up 20 points in eight games this year . Arsenal (18 from eight), Chelsea (14 from seven) are next best in England . Wolfsburg have racked up an incredible 16 points from six games in 2015 . Form sides in England, Spain and Germany chasing Champions League . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A swarm of insects tends to startle us -- chaotic yet organized, fascinating and beautiful. Take it one step further. Instead of bees hovering around a tree, imagine cheese balls. Solo cups in the place of birds, glow sticks as locusts. What seems like a figment of a wild imagination becomes reality in Thomas Jackson's "Emergent Behavior" series. Jackson grew up in Rhode Island and worked in publishing in New York for 13 years, ultimately landing his dream gig as an editor with Forbes magazine. But somewhere along the way, he picked up a camera. He found photography "effortlessly fulfilling" compared to the frequent challenges of writing. So he dove in, lens first. After a charming series featuring a robot, he struck a cadence in creating "swarms" with inanimate objects such as Post-it notes and plastic plates. "I started creating these whimsical, fantastic scenarios in which the environment is exploiting us," Jackson explained. That's what initially catches the eye -- the uncanny. The bizarre gathering in the behavior of insects or birds, made up of something that shouldn't be there. At first, he relied on digital enhancements to polish his illusions. But as the series evolved, he relied less on editing and more on the installations themselves. More than half of Jackson's "Emergent Behavior" series is digitally untouched. How Jackson gets a tubful of cheese balls to hang purposefully around the trunk of a tree seems nonsensical. He only hints at the mechanics. It's just "wires," he said, casually, not revealing enough evidence to ruin the magic. Social media . Follow @CNNPhotos on Twitter to join the conversation about photography. "But if you look close enough, it will reveal all of its secrets." He spends about a day building the installations, and he usually shoots his photos at dusk. The photo of the pink Solo cups was shot against mountainous terrain in Wyoming. The cups, already at odds with nature, look as though they are a flock of birds flying along the rocks. Jackson seemingly casts a magic spell of manic movement, creating what an Internet commentator calls "a frat party being sucked into a black hole." The idea of a swarm -- be it insects or "thank you" bags -- fascinates Jackson. They are disconcerting and familiar at once, creating a conundrum that warrants a closer look. "Maybe because they fly in the face of how we see the world," he said. Thomas Jackson is a photographer based in Brooklyn, New York. You can follow him on Instagram. | Thomas Jackson has staged everyday objects to look like swarms in nature . Among the items used: Solo cups, Post-it notes, cheese balls and plastic plates . |
Give me a summary of why an abstract is useful in academic literature? | Academic literature uses the abstract to succinctly communicate complex research. An abstract may act as a stand-alone entity instead of a full paper. As such, an abstract is used by many organizations as the basis for selecting research that is proposed for presentation in the form of a poster, platform/oral presentation or workshop presentation at an academic conference. Most bibliographic databases only index abstracts rather than providing the entire text of the paper. Full texts of scientific papers must often be purchased because of copyright and/or publisher fees and therefore the abstract is a significant selling point for the reprint or electronic form of the full text. The abstract can convey the main results and conclusions of a scientific article but the full text article must be consulted for details of the methodology, the full experimental results, and a critical discussion of the interpretations and conclusions. An abstract allows one to sift through copious numbers of papers for ones in which the researcher can have more confidence that they will be relevant to their research. Once papers are chosen based on the abstract, they must be read carefully to be evaluated for relevance. It is generally agreed that one must not base reference citations on the abstract alone, but the content of an entire paper. | An abstract is useful in academic research because it conveys the complex research in a concise way by acting as a stand-alone summary. Therefore, it is usually used by many organizations as a base for selecting research. Moreover, abstracts are usually provided free of charge by many bibliographic databases which makes the research works more accessible. In addition, researchers can understand if the work is relevant to their research just by reading the abstract. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Cesc Fabregas perks up when he talks about the killer instinct, the ruthless streak that all teams develop at the start of a success story. On instant recall is the World Cup in 2010, when Spain turned to every available resource to reach the final after titanic struggles against Paraguay in the last eight and Germany in the semi-final. Fabregas was part of that team, realising a boyhood dream when he lifted the most famous trophy in world football with one of the best sides in history. Cesc Fabregas urged his team-mates to develop a killer instinct in order to progress past Paris Saint-Germain . Fabregas makes his way on to Chelsea's training pitch with John Terry, Cesar Azpilicueta and Gary Cahill . The Spanish midfielder jokingly wrestles with Didier Drogba and Terry during Tuesday's training session . Chelsea’s dressing room is developing a winning mentality again, lifting their first trophy together at Wembley 10 days ago when Jose Mourinho’s team won the Capital One Cup. It has given them belief. ‘When you unlock the mental fear of the quarter-final, which is what we did with the national team, we felt we could become champions,’ said Fabregas. ‘Once we were champions we were unstoppable, but you have to take this fear out and take it away. We have to believe we are the best. ‘We have to be ready mentally to win every situation because this game will not be a walk in the park.’ He was talking about Wednesday evening’s opponents Paris Saint-Germain, a tough nut to crack in the Champions League as Laurent Blanc’s team arrive in London protecting an unbeaten run that stretches back to January 10. Fabregas likes what he sees in the Chelsea dressing room and yet his experience, after nearly 500 appearances for club and country, tells him there is still room for improvement. ‘If there is one thing missing it is killing teams,’ he admitted. ‘Sometimes we don’t kill them when we have the chance. ‘When we score one we have to score more and more. That’s the only way we can really improve, developing that killer instinct.’ Chelsea can smother teams, a tactic Jose Mourinho has refined quite brilliantly over the years with Porto, Chelsea, Inter Milan and Real Madrid. Fabregas is eager to please his manager as he learns a new, more disciplined position alongside Nemanja Matic in the centre of midfield. Chelsea are hoping to build on their recent Capital One Cup triumph over Tottenham . Fabregas (right) is enjoying working under Chelsea boss Jose Mourinho (second left) since signing . Fabregas loves his football at Chelsea, cheerfully claiming that he is at the top of his game following his move from Barcelona last summer. ‘I have to be more disciplined and you don’t see me in the box so much,’ he added. ‘I am more positional, always behind the ball, always finding solutions for the other players and controlling the tempo. ‘If you asked me 12 months ago whether I would work with Jose I would have said “no”, but you can never say never. ‘Working with Jose, it has been really good so far, but I expected that. I knew he was a great personality and I knew coming to Chelsea, a big club with a big manager, that I would work a lot. I have enjoyed this the most in my career. We need to keep growing as a team. ‘I will give everything for Chelsea to win the Champions League, but it doesn’t mean I can’t sleep at night. ‘For every football player they want to win the World Cup and the Champions League.’ Mourinho has revealed his admiration for Fabregas, pictured in 2006, during his younger years at Arsenal . Mourinho admired the Spain midfielder from afar when he was running the show for Arsenal. Fabregas played in the 2006 Champions League final, alongside Gilberto Silva when Arsenal were beaten by Barcelona after extra time in the Stade de France. He was in the centre of midfield that night, putting in an arduous shift in the boiler room because Arsenal were down to 10 after the dismissal of goalkeeper Jens Lehmann. A year later he faced Chelsea in the Carling Cup final, unlucky to lose after a battle royal with some players of pedigree in Mourinho’s side. ‘As a kid he played against our midfield in the League Cup final in 2007 and we had (Michael) Essien, (Claude) Makelele, (Frank) Lampard and (Michael) Ballack, and he was playing fantastic football,’ said Mourinho. ‘I never felt he could work with me because when I was at Chelsea he was at Arsenal and when I was at Real Madrid he was at Barcelona. So it was quite unexpected for me that he wanted to come to Chelsea.’ Now that he is here, they wouldn’t be without him. Visit Squawka for more Champions League stats and facts . | Cesc Fabregas believes his side must learn how to finish off games . Chelsea go into second leg following 1-1 draw at Parc des Princes . Fabregas is happy to be playing under Chelsea boss Jose Mourinho . |
Given a reference text about dried spaghetti production, what is required to produce spaghetti without errors? | The bulk of dried spaghetti is produced in factories using auger extruders. While essentially simple, the process requires attention to detail to ensure that the mixing and kneading of the ingredients produces a homogeneous mix, without air bubbles. The forming dies have to be water cooled to prevent spoiling of the pasta by overheating. Drying of the newly formed spaghetti has to be carefully controlled to prevent strands sticking together, and to leave it with sufficient moisture so that it is not too brittle. Packaging for protection and display has developed from paper wrapping to plastic bags and boxes. | Spaghetti production is straight-forward, but requires the maker to ensure the mixture is homogenous and without air bubbles before starting the drying process. The drying process itself needs to be monitored to ensure that the individual spaghetti strands do not stick together but also do not dry out so much that they become brittle |
Why do eucalyptus trees have such an excellent aroma? Is there any other uses for Eucalyptus? | Some Eucalyptus species have attracted attention from horticulturists, global development researchers, and environmentalists because of desirable traits such as being fast-growing sources of wood, producing oil that can be used for cleaning and as a natural insecticide, or an ability to be used to drain swamps and thereby reduce the risk of malaria. Eucalyptus oil finds many uses like in fuels, fragrances, insect repellence and antimicrobial activity. Eucalyptus trees show allelopathic effects; they release compounds which inhibit other plant species from growing nearby. Outside their natural ranges, eucalypts are both lauded for their beneficial economic impact on poor populations: 22 and criticised for being "water-guzzling" aliens, leading to controversy over their total impact. | The oil from Eucalyptus trees provides several benefits with the most prevalent being the pleasant aroma. As a tree that grows fast and has been used strategically to reduce the risk of malaria by draining swamps a little Eucalyptus goes a long way. The oil produced by these trees are also useful in an antimicrobial activity and in some cases has been known to make the trees more flammable. Outside of their native Australia they have been viewed as an invasive species. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | St Helens scrum-half Luke Walsh's comeback has been further delayed due to complications following ankle surgery, coach Keiron Cunningham has revealed. The former Penrith Panthers player has not played since breaking his leg last July and during his lay-off he had an operation to correct a previous injury with his ankle. It was hoped the goalkicking half-back would be fit for the start of the Super League season in February but a virus set him back and now he is facing another month on the sidelines. Luke Walsh has been out of action since last July after breaking his leg and having ankle surgery . St Helens captain Jon Wilkin has been filling in for Walsh since the Super League got underway in February . 'He had complications with his ankle before he did his leg and we got that sorted out after his leg had healed,' Cunningham said. 'There have been a few complications with the bits and bobs (screws and plates) inside his leg so they have been removed. Adam Smith (centre) surges forward during St Helens' 30-20 victory over Widnes Vikings on Friday . 'It was the right thing to do for Luke. It feels like a normal leg to him now - no screws or plates in the bones. He is in a good place now and hopefully will be back around the start to the second week of April.' Skipper Jon Wilkin has filled in at scrum-half in Walsh's absence. The unbeaten champions' next match is against Warrington at Langtree Park on Thursday . | Luke Walsh is yet to recover from ankle surgery return for St Helens . Skipper Jon Wilkin has been standing in since start of the Super League . Unbeaten champions meet Warrington in their next game on Thursday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A 53-year-old pastor who reportedly impregnated 20 members of congregation claims the Holy Spirit ordered him to have sex with them. Nigerian police have now arrested Timothy Ngwu for abusing the young girls and women at Vineyard Ministry of the Holy Trinity. Ngwu's abusive behaviour was finally reported to the police by his estranged wife Veronica who grew tired of his adulterous behaviour - and reportedly impregnated her young neice. A spokesperson for the Enugu State Police command told Naij.com he claims to be obeying the 'spiritual' urge to carry out the will of God, 'irrespective of whether the woman is married or not.' Ebere Amaraizu added: 'When the woman is delivered of the baby, the child remains in the ministry with the mother for life.' Pastor: Timothy Ngwu (second from right) allegedly impregnated 20 members of his congregation because 'God told him to' Ngwu told the same website he has 13 children with five different wives and the mistresses God's 'prophetic' will told him to acquire. He also claims he never had sex with any married woman unless their husbands consented to the Holy Spirit's request. Calista Omeje and Assumpta Odo both left their husbands to live with the pastor based on these holy commands. Mother-of-eight Odo said Ngwu impregnated both her and her daughter, whose age is not known. And Calista - who has 10 children with her husband - said the pastor impregnated her but the baby died. She also revealed that she 'gave' her daughter to him. The pastor's brother - who did not want to be identified - said he had warned both Ngwu and his family about the self-proclaimed clergyman's behaviour for a long time but they refused to listen. He claims the arrest is 'God's wrath falling on his brother', adding: 'God's anger has befallen my brother, we have severally appealed to him to stop what he was doing but he refused. 'He has colonised our compound, bearing children with recklessness. He accused us of being jealous of him because he is doing the will of God.' Sickening: The pastor was arrested for abusing the young girls and women (pictured) - some of whom were married . Pointing at the church's compound, he continued: 'Look at these buildings here... He has converted all of them to himself in the name of vineyard. 'He sacked his betrothed wife who has three children for him and embarked on impregnating married women and young girls. Look at the whole compound littered with children of different sex and age.' 'All members of the vineyard are fools, how can a woman abandon her husband for another man in the name of worshiping God and practice adultery? I cannot get myself involved in this matter. 'Let them sort themselves out with the police but I want the ministry to be shut down completely,' he added.' | Timothy Ngwu says he has 13 children with five wives and his mistresses . Police arrested him for abusing members of congregation 'on will of God' He was reported to authorities by his wife who grew sick of his adultery . Arrested pastor claims the married women's husbands agreed to affairs . A mother-of-eight claims Ngwu impregnated her - and then her daughter . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Chelsea defender Kurt Zouma has been rewarded for his fine form with a call-up to Didier Deschamps' French squad. Zouma was dubbed the new Marcel Desailly by Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho after an impressive performance against Tottenham in the Capital One Cup final at Wembley. And the 20-year-old’s form this season has clearly caught the eye of Deschamps who brings the former Saint-Etienne man in to his squad. Kurt Zouma has been rewarded for his fine form with a call-up to Didier Deschamps' French squad . Zouma has been dubbed the new Marcel Desailly by Jose Mourinho following a great start at Chelsea . Zouma is yet to win a senior cap for his country but has represented France at various levels including a stint as U21 captain. There are also call-ups for a host of other fellow French Premier League players including Hugo Lloris, Laurent Koscielny, Mamadou Sakho, Morgan Schneiderlin, Moussa Sissoko and Olivier Giroud. Manchester City defender Bacary Sagna is also given the nod by Deschamp despite enduring a stop-start season for the Citizens. Goalkeepers: Lloris (Tottenham Hotspur), Mandanda (Marseille), Ruffier (Saint-Etienne). Defenders: Evra (Juventus), Jallet (Lyon), Koscielny (Arsenal), Sagna (Manchester City), Sakho (Liverpool), Trmmoulinas (Sevilla), Varane (Real Madrid), Zouma (Chelsea). Midfielders: Gonalons (Lyon), Kondogbia (Monaco), Matuidi (Paris Saint-Germain), Payet (Marseille), Schneiderlin (Southampton), Sissoko (Newcastle United). Forwards: Benzema (Real Madrid), Fekir (Lyon), Giroud (Arsenal), Griezmann (Atletico Madrid), Lacazette (Lyon), Valbuena (Dynamo Moscow). Manchester City defender Bacary Sagna tries to stop Barcelona wizard Lionel Messi in his tracks . Hugo Lloris has been rewarded for his fine Tottenham Hotspur form with a call-up to Deschamps' squad . Striker Olivier Giroud has also been named in the French side following a decent season at Arsenal . | Kurt Zouma has been called up to the French squad by Didier Deschamps . Defender Zouma has enjoyed an impressive season so far with Chelsea . The 20-year-old was dubbed the new Marcel Desailly by Jose Mourinho . A whole host of other Premier League stars have also made the squad . |
Given this paragraph on the Persian language, which are the 2 sub groups of the Western Iranian language? | The Western Iranian languages themselves are divided into two subgroups: Southwestern Iranian languages, of which Persian is the most widely spoken, and Northwestern Iranian languages, of which Kurdish and Balochi are the most widely spoken | Southwestern and Northwestern Iranian language |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Thomas Muller might be a World Cup winner with Germany but at home he has a different title: managing director of carrots. That's because his wife, Lisa, is an aspiring dressage rider with her own designs on conquering the sport she loves. And the hours they spend at stables just outside Munich seem to be paying dividends, Lisa picking up her first title at national level over the weekend. While the 25-year-old hones her craft in the world of prancing horses, Thomas takes a keen interest in breeding, as well as reveling in the solitude of an environment that is a stratosphere away from the pressurized spotlight he is used to. "I come here to watch if everything's fine," he told CNN in the couple's first joint television interview. "And for the carrots. I'm the managing director of carrots! I watch the dogs. Sometimes I help a little bit but it's her business. "I enjoy it a lot. They make me feel comfortable, the attitude and what they look like and [the way they] live their lives. It's fun. It's easy to relax around horses." At 25, Muller is as decorated in the world of soccer as they come. He has a glut of domestic trophies, including three German Bundesliga titles, and claimed the European Champions League and FIFA Club World Cup crowns with Bayern Munich in 2013. Last year in Brazil he landed the ultimate prize when Germany powered its way to a first World Cup triumph since 1990, memorably beating hosts Brazil 7-1 in the semis before edging past Argentina in the final. But you won't hear much talk of that landmark moment in Muller's career around the stables. "He's interested in horses so when we are together we talk about horses and not really about football," Lisa explained. "He knows more about horses than I know about football." While Muller has enjoyed overwhelming success at an early stage in his career, Lisa's path is a more arduous and exhaustive one. Though she has been riding horses since her Granddad introduced her to the sport aged four, it takes time to build a strong bond with a horse in dressage. And though her recent victory at the Grand Prix in the Bavarian town of Kreuth shows she is clearly in tune with her horse Birkhofs Dave, Lisa says her learning curve is a lengthy one. "You have to do eight years to learn everything but then you still don't know everything. You always keep learning," she said. "It's not like other sports, you always train yourself, you have to get a harmony between the horse and yourself. "It has its own mind, its own feelings. You have to become a team and that's why it takes so much time. Every horse is different so you have to feel it. "I want to get better and better. Maybe at some point I will be very good, that's my dream. [The Olympics] would be a dream. "I think for every sportsman it's a dream and you want to reach it but just a few people can reach it. Maybe, maybe not." According to Lisa's coach, Götz Brinkmann, that is a distinct possibility. Last year's qualification for the prestigious Piaff-Förderpreis -- a national series for riders aged 25 or below -- underlined her potential. "I've never had a student that developed that fast no matter what horses they had," Brinkmann told CNN. "She's got the will and she's got the talent and she doesn't stop. She keeps on working. And not so many riders have the ability and that makes her fortunate in a way. "I think she'll be able to be successful on an international level for sure." Muller is of the same opinion. Though he is forbidden from riding himself -- to prevent sustaining an injuries that might impact on his football career -- he has taken a keen interest in the relationship between his wife and Birkhofs Dave. Both the couple's disciplines rely on a high skill level, but also strong communication, and though the competition is fierce, Muller has high hopes for the pair. "The potential is there," he said. "He's our best talent I think and the number one in our stable and for Lisa. "But it's no guarantee for success because in Germany there's a lot of opponents. A lot of good riders and a lot of good other horses. Like in football. "She has no pressure. I want that she's happy with the horses, with the work and with the competitions. But it's not easy. "It's very tough to get up in Germany in the dressage sport. She needs time to develop her quality. We're on a good way and we need to go for it." Muller can also see parallels in the way some horses with potential develop into thoroughbreds, whether in racing or dressage circles, while some fall by the wayside. "There are some talents and they grow up and go to the top," he said. "And some talents don't get to the top. "It's interesting to watch, the development of the different horses from when they come to the stable and when they leave. But he [Birkhofs Dave] stays for sure." Muller has his own sideline at the stables too -- breeding. "Breeding is a little bit for fun," he explained. "For sure I want to breed the best horse I can. But it's difficult and a bit of luck. But I try my best to optimize. "My dream is one day that Lisa rides a horse that I bred. But that's a long way to go." Though she often goes to watch Thomas play at Bayern Munich's home stadium -- the Allianz Arena -- Lisa doesn't even remotely fit the WAG stereotype. The wives and girlfriends of high-profile footballers are often portrayed as carefully manicured, fashion-obsessed shopaholics -- an image cultivated by the tabloid newspapers. But Lisa, who chose not to travel with Thomas to the World Cup in Brazil last year, has not one scrap of jealousy when it comes to the superstar treatment her famous husband gets. "I don't," she said. "You have the bad sides also. Everyone comes and wants to get a photo, a selfie or an autograph. That would be too much. I can't do that like Thomas can do it. "He's so easy going. And I want to do my horses by myself. I can groom them the best, I can ride them the best and I love them the most. "They're my partner, my brother. I can tell them every problem. They're the most important part in my life." This statement provoked a laugh from her husband: "I have already accepted it," he joked. "Maybe I'm number five. But it's OK." | Wife of Bayern Munich Germany star Thomas Muller is an aspiring dressage rider . Lisa Muller recently won her first title at national level on board Birkhofs Dave . The 25-year-old trains at stables just outside Munich where she has eight horses . Thomas has host of titles with Bayern and won the World Cup with Germany in 2014 . |
Who wins the point in tennis? | Tennis is a racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court. The object of the game is to manoeuvre the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. The player who is unable to return the ball validly will not gain a point, while the opposite player will. | A player who can return the ball validly when the opposite player unable to return it. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)With a little bit of help from Donald Trump, Rory McIlroy was re-united with the golf club he famously threw into the lake at Doral -- but probably wished the golf-loving tycoon had not bothered. Never one to miss a media opportunity, Trump, the owner of the Blue Monster course in Florida, got a scuba diver to retrieve the 3-iron club which world No. 1 McIlroy had thought he had seen the last of during Friday's second round at the WGC-Cadillac Championship. The 68-year-old American entrepreneur presented it to McIlroy before his final round Sunday, telling him that it was unlucky to continue playing with 13 clubs as against the usual 14 allowed under golf's rules. "He's never one to miss an opportunity," McIlroy told the official PGA Tour website after his round. "It was fine. It was good fun." Not that opportunity knocked for McIlroy when he chose the 3-iron to play his third shot to the 18th and final hole of the tournament and promptly found the water again. The Northern Irishman feigned to repeat his earlier antics, before placing it back in the bag. His mistake led to a double bogey six and left him tied for ninth at one-under-par, eight shots behind winner Dustin Johnson. McIlroy had promised to return the club to Trump after the round and was as good as his word. "We're thinking about auctioning it for charity or doing a trophy case for Doral, putting it on a beautiful mount," Trump said. Johnson is looking set to be one of McIlroy's main rivals in the first major of the season, the U.S. Masters at Augusta, next month and his victory completed a triumphant comeback to the PGA Tour. The 30-year-old American took a six-month break from the Tour last July to cope with "personal problems" and returned earlier this year. Johnson finished with a three-under 69 in testing conditions to leave him one ahead of long-time leader JB Holmes and two clear of Bubba Watson, the reigning Masters champion. Johnson celebrated on the 18th with his fiancee Paulina Gretzky, the daughter of ice hockey legend Wayne, and their newly-born son. | Rory McIlroy re-united with the 3-iron he threw into lake at Doral . Presented with the club by owner Donald Trump . Repeats mistake with same club on final hole of WGC-Cadillac Championship . Dustin Johnson wins tournament after six-month absence from PGA Tour . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | La Liga champions Atletico Madrid surrendered third place in La Liga to Valencia when they had Miranda sent off for a brutal challenge in first-half added time and were held to a 0-0 draw at mid-table Espanyol on Saturday. Atletico had the better chances at Espanyol's Cornella-El Prat stadium in Barcelona before centre back Miranda was shown a straight red card when he felled Abraham with a leading arm as the pair jumped for a bouncing ball. Forward Fernando Torres had forced a fine save from Espanyol goalkeeper Kiko Casilla in the 11th minute and midfielder Koke fired narrowly wide a minute later. Miranda (centre) is shown a red card after a tough challenge on Espanyol's Cornella-El Prat . Diego Simeone barks instructions his his players during the 0-0 draw at the Power 8 Stadium . Playing with a man fewer in the second period Atletico struggled to create scoring opportunities but Raul Garcia came close to breaking the deadlock 13 minutes from time when his low shot was brilliantly tipped away by Casilla. Atletico, who are without a win in their last four games and need to overturn a 1-0 deficit when they host Bayer Leverkusen in a Champions League last 16, second leg tie on Tuesday, have 56 points in fourth with 11 games left. Valencia have 57 after Friday's 2-0 success at home to Deportivo La Coruna, while fifth-placed Sevilla (49) can close to within four points of Atletico by beating Elche on Sunday. Barcelona (62) can stretch their lead at the top over second-placed Real Madrid (61) to four points with a win at Eibar later on Saturday. Real, who play the 'Clasico' at Barca next weekend and are winless in their last three outings, host struggling Levante on Sunday. Antoine Greizmann (left) looks to evade the challenge of Anaitz Arbilla during the first half . | Espanyol earn 0-0 draw against Atletico Madrid at the Power 8 Stadium . Atleti defender Miranda sent off for foul on Cornella-El Prat . Diego Simeone's side are now fourth in La Liga . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | He is notorious for remaining tight-lipped about his personal life in interviews. And last night Davis Cup team-mate Dominic Inglot must have hoped Andy Murray would extend the same privacy to his fellow players. Asked by Eurosport presenter Annabel Croft how the team would celebrate following victory over the United States, Murray was quick to point out that his 29-year-old team-mate has a ‘little girlfriend on the go here in Glasgow’. Quiet Andy! Murray, far left, with Anabel Croft, his brother Jamie, centre, and a mortifies Dominic Inglot . Tweet: Dominic Inglot appeared eager to set the record straight on Twitter following Murray's joke . Unfortunately for Inglot, he already has a girlfriend of six months at home in London. When asked for the name of the lady in question, a mortified Inglot replied: ‘You’ve actually landed me in this. Because I actually have a girlfriend that’s going to be watching this.’ The jokey stitch-up left Murray in hysterics as the team sheepishly shuffled away from the disastrous interview. A source close to the team last night explained that Murray was unaware Inglot has a girlfriend in London and did not know that the joke would backfire on his team mate. But a spokesperson for the Lawn Tennis Association last night dismissed the stitch-up as ‘pure banter’. Laura Lord of the LTA said it was ‘just a bunch of guys messing around’. Inglot, from Chiswick, was only playing his second Davis Cup match and, as a specialist in doubles, is not someone Murray habitually spends much time with although they are friends. Great Britain yesterday celebrated a 3-2 victory over the US to reach the quarter finals of the Davis Cup. Above, Murray celebrates during the First Round Tie of the Davis Cup . Last night he was said to be seeing the funny side of it after smoothing things over with his girlfriend, who has not been named. Inglot was not out celebrating last night in Glasgow but flew straight back to London with team mates as he is due to fly out to play in America tomorrow. Great Britain yesterday celebrated a 3-1 victory over the USA to reach the quarter finals of the Davis Cup. | Murray asked how teammate Dominic Inglot would celebrate cup victory . Replied that Inglot has a ‘little girlfriend on the go here in Glasgow’ But the player already has a girlfriend of six months at home in London . Murray was unaware that Inglot had partner and that joke would backfire . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Pi Day is going to be extra special this year, as 2015 stretches the symbolic March 14 celebration out a little longer to 3.1415. And if you mark pi at 9:26.53 in the morning or night, you're just a little more in line with the celebrated irrational number that never ends. To 31 decimal places, pi is 3.1415926535897932384626433832795. A few more tidbits about pi and Pi Day: . About pi . Pi is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. It's not equal to the ratio of any two whole numbers, so an approximation -- 22/7 -- is used in many calculations. Pi is essential in architecture and construction and was used frequently by early astronomers. Pi has been known for about 4,000 years, but it started to be called by the Greek letter only in the 1700s. The origin of Pi Day . Pi Day started 27 years ago at San Francisco's Exploratorium. Physicist Larry Shaw, who worked in the electronics group at the museum, started celebrating pi on March 14, 1988, primarily with museum staffers. The tradition has grown to embrace math enthusiasts from all walks of life. Celebrations . This year, the Exploratorium is hosting a day-long celebration at its facility on Pier 15, including a Pi Procession, servings of pie and a pizza pie dough-tossing event. Pi Day is also Albert Einstein's birthday. In Princeton, New Jersey, where Einstein lived for more than two decades, signs of the scientist permeate the Pi Day festivities, from birthday parties at the Historical Society of Princeton to an Einstein lookalike contest. Plus the requisite pie-eating, pie-throwing and pizza pie creation. For more about pi, visit www.piday.org. CNN's Elizabeth Landau contributed to this report. | Pi Day is celebrated March 14 in honor of the famed irrational number . San Francisco's Exploratorium and Princeton, New Jersey, go all out . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The father of Mohammed Emwazi is not sure that his son is masked Islamic State butcher Jihadi John, his lawyer has said. Jasem Emwazi, 51, feels there is 'no proof' that the black-clad knife-wielding man featured in chilling hostage execution videos is his eldest child, it was reported today. His Kuwaiti lawyer, Salem Al-Hashah, told Kuwait's respected Al-Qabas newspaper: 'He is not sure that he [Jihadi John] is his son. 'There is no proof that the man shown in the videos and photographs is his son, as the media has reported in the last few days.' Scroll down for video . 'No proof': Jasem Emwazi, 51, said that he was not convinced the Islamic State executioner was his eldest child Mohammed, according to his lawyer . Mr Emwazi (left) was seen in public for the first time today since he was questioned by Kuwaiti police about his son's activities . He added: 'There is no evidence that Mohammed is the man in the videos because his face was covered.' The lawyer's comments appear to contradict earlier remarks made by Mr Emwazi, who is said to have told a colleague that his son is 'a dog, an animal, a terrorist' and called for him to be killed. Mr Emwazi, who moved to the UK from his native Kuwait in 1994 and holds a British passport, was seen in public for the first time today since he was questioned by Kuwaiti police at the weekend about his son's activities. A Kuwaiti journalist present at a meeting in his lawyer's office in the upmarket Salmiya district of Kuwait said Mr Emwazi looked 'very scared' and was shaking. Mr Al-Hashah said the father is not responsible for what his son has done and that there is nothing to prove his father agreed with his son, or helped him in any way. The lawyer added: 'Jasem Emwazi is under stress. Many people are calling him names. He can't leave his home and can't walk outside. He is scared of people because everyone believes all the rumours that have been written about him.' The comments appear to contradict earlier remarks made by Mr Emwazi (left) who allegedly told a colleague that his son is 'a dog, an animal, a terrorist'. Pictured right: Mohammed Emwazi in a 1996 school photograph . Mr Al-Hashah said Kuwaiti police called Mr Emwazi at the weekend and he was interviewed by officers for two to three hours before being allowed to go without any restrictions. The lawyer said no foreign intelligence services have tried to contact Mr Emwazi since his 26-year-old son was identified as Jihadi John last week. Mr Al-Hashah said Mr Emwazi and his eldest daughter Asma, 25, are currently in Kuwait. His wife Ghaneya, 47, and other children are in Britain. He said Asma, who studied architecture at university in London, has denied reports that there are other extremists in her family. The two faces of Jihadi John: Mohammed Emwazi is seen before he went to Syria (left) and in one of the horrific execution videos made by ISIS (right) The lawyer for Mr Emwazi, a former London taxi driver, said the family was under great stress and that they were not responsible for Jihadi John's actions . The lawyer insisted that Mr Emwazi does not have a job in Kuwait - although MailOnline yesterday spoke to three colleagues who said he is employed as the manager of a co-operative farm supplies depot near the Iraqi border. Mr Al-Hashah said he is in Kuwait temporarily to visit his mother and his daughter and had been in the country since November 30. Mr Emwazi now intends to sue media outlets and social media users who have damaged his family's reputation, his lawyer said. 'I have a message to the Kuwaiti people that many of the rumours are false,' he told the daily. Media and experts identified Emwazi as the ISIS militant believed to be responsible for beheading at least five Westerners. A recent film is believed to show Emwazi shortly after he arrived in Syria in 2013 (pictured) 'Because I felt that some people have believed it, I have assigned a lawyer to defend me and to prove ... that what is being said is untrue,' he said. It was not clear why he appeared to be retracting statements reported earlier that he and his wife had recognised their son's voice. His lawyer Salem al-Hashash said he would from Sunday file lawsuits against those who made accusations against Emwazi senior and his family. Hashash said his client was interrogated by the interior ministry for three hours and released. The Emwazi family were living in a house in north London (pictured) but Mr Emwazi is now in native Kuwait . A lawyer had been appointed in Britain to defend family members there, Hashash said. Mohammed Emwazi, the alleged executioner, was born in Kuwait to a stateless family of Iraqi origin. His parents moved to Britain in 1993 after their hopes of obtaining Kuwaiti citizenship were quashed. Emwazi visited Kuwait several times, the last time between January 18 and April 26, 2010, Al-Qabas said. A year later, he was denied entry to Kuwait after his name came up during investigations into attacks in Britain. Media and experts have identified Emwazi as the Islamic State group militant believed to be responsible for beheading at least five Westerners. | Jasem Emwazi not convinced balaclava-clad butcher is son Mohammed . He feels there is lack of proof because his face is covered, his lawyer said . Lawyer added that the 51-year-old is not responsible for his son's actions . Contradicts Mr Emwazi's earlier remarks that his son is 'a dog, an animal' Father seen in public for first time today since Jihadi John was unmasked . Police quizzed Mr Emwazi but he was released without restriction, lawyer said . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Premier League, the world’s richest competition, will share £1billion over three years with the rest of English football. The size of the hand-outs, which amounts to £50million per club, will go to five specific areas of the game. The deal is said to be unprecedented in global sport and amounts to an increase in excess of 40 per cent over the previous redistribution figure. The numbers were unanimously agreed at Thursday's summit of Premier League clubs — the first meeting since the £5billion domestic TV rights deal. Sharing the bonanza so quickly will go some way to countering the Premier League’s ‘greed is good’ image. Premier League CEO Richard Scudamore says the top flight is 'sharing in the success of English football' Premier League clubs agreed on Thursday to make a £1bn contribution to the rest of English football . Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore said: ‘You can’t find me another sport that is committed to this level of sharing. You can use other fancy words like redistribution but this is sharing. It’s sharing in the success of English football.’ The targeted investments are in grass-roots facilities, participation, fan engagement, solidarity payments to the lower leagues and supporting disadvantaged groups. They include all clubs committing to adopting the living wage (£9.15 per hour in London and £7.85 outside London) for full-time employees by the start of the 2016-17 season. The clubs voted in favour despite being told that title sponsors Barclays will not be renewing their endorsement when their current contract expires at the end of next season. But the loss of that £120m deal — sure to be replaced at a higher price — didn’t stop clubs committing £50m each to the PL’s good causes. Ironically, around 50 fans were demonstrating outside the meeting in Piccadilly, London about the Premier league re-distributing their wealth. The only caveat is the result of the current Ofcom investigation into how the TV rights are sold and the monies raised from the international rights sales. Scudamore, who will become executive chairman in June, said: ‘These are unprecedented levels of redistribution in world sport, let alone football, which will deliver long-term progress for English football whether you are a fan, lower league club or involved in the grassroots. The summit meeting is the first since the new record £5bn TV rights deal was secured by the league . BT Sport and Sky Sports (above) took their share of Premier League fixtures in the bumper new deal . ‘I don’t think our clubs have ever made such an early stamp in the ground that says we are committed to what we’ve always done but actually extending and growing. ‘I’ve never seen them unanimously want to say “We want to make a statement. It’s a big statement to give away £1billion of our UK TV deal”. ‘We’ve had commercial success and we are going to share that success and we’ve done this at very short notice. Rarely do we get things through as quickly as this. ‘I do hope over time people will appreciate what we do. Those who know most about us respect us the most. What we do in this space is hugely motivational to me — I absolutely believe in it to my core.’ Scudamore added: ‘I was hugely encouraged about the fact that I don’t think anybody in the room doubted this was the right thing to do. It was all about how it would work.’ About the living wage commitment, he said: ‘We absolutely get and the clubs absolutely get that if you are paying players X and X is a big number it does look a little incongruous if you are only paying your employees Y. ‘My only plea is that we have to be allowed to do this in our own time, We are only halfway through our sales process and we do have the big issue of Ofcom still sitting over us.’ However, acting so quickly in sharing their jackpot rights will certainly make it a lot more difficult for Ofcom to rule against their TV riches. | Premier League to share massive portion of £5billion TV rights income . Clubs committed £50million each to the PL's good causes at summit . Premier League CEO Richard Scudamore called move 'unprecedented' Scudamore said: 'It's sharing in the success of English football' Targeted investments include grass-roots facilities, participation, fan engagement, the lower leagues and disadvantaged groups . All clubs to adopting the living wage (£9.15-per-hour in London and £7.85 outside London) for full-time employees by the start of the 2016/17 season . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sunderland boss Gus Poyet has denied a Football Association charge of improper conduct in last week's draw at Hull. The 47-year-old was sent to the stands after a confrontation with Tigers' manager Steve Bruce as the two Premier League strugglers played out a 1-1 draw at the KC Stadium on March 3. Gus Poyet and Steve Bruce argue during their two sides' clash on Wednesday evening at the KC Stadium . The FA charged Poyet whilst Bruce was contacted to be reminded of his responsibilities and it is now believed Poyet will contest the charge and has requested a personal hearing. The draw left Hull and Sunderland in 16th and 17th place respectively, with the result doing little to help either side boost their survival hopes. Both face fellow relegation candidates in their next game as Hull travel to Leicester and Poyet's Sunderland welcome Aston Villa to the Stadium of Light. Bruce (left) had to be held back by the linesman as the row between the pair escalated . The two men argued after Sunderland midfielder Jack Rodwell was booked for simulation . | Gus Poyet was charged improper conduct by the Football Association . Sunderland boss was sent to the stands after clash with Steve Bruce . Hull boss was contacted to be reminded of his responsibilities . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Great Britain's Chris Froome has been ruled out of the Tirreno-Adriatico stage race for health reasons. 'Still not feeling well so won't be making it to #TirrenoAdriatico2015 Really disappointed but health comes first,' the 2013 Tour de France winner posted on Twitter. He has been suffering from a chest infection. The seven day race, which begins on Wednesday in Italy, was highly anticipated as the top four Tour de France favourites - Froome, Spain's Alberto Contador, Colombian Nairo Quintana and defending Tour de France champion Vincenzo Nibali of Italy - were scheduled to compete. Team Sky star Chris Froome (right) has been suffering from a chest infection . Froome (right) has been ruled out of this week's seven-day race in Italy . Froome told the BBC: 'I've been ill for a few days now and, unfortunately, I couldn't shake it off in time.' Froome should, however, 'be fine' to race in the Volta a Catalunya, which begins on 23 March. He added: 'After speaking with the doctors we decided as a precaution that it would be best to take a few days off the bike to recover fully. 'This is obviously frustrating after the good start that I've had to the season, but it's a minor setback.' The 2013 Tour de France champion is targeting a return to racing in Catalonia later this month . | Chris Froome has been ruled out of the Tirreno-Adriatico race in Italy . British rider has been suffering from a chest infection . 2013 Tour de France champion is targeting Volta a Catalunya comeback . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Five men involved in incidents on the Paris Metro ahead of a Chelsea match have been served with summonses, police have said. The men will appear at Waltham Forest Magistrates' Court on March 25 'regarding a police application for football banning orders', Scotland Yard said. Controversy erupted last month when Chelsea fans were filmed singing racist chants and refusing to let a black man on a train ahead of the Champions League clash against Paris St Germain. Souleymane S, a black man, was prevented getting on a train by Chelsea fans in Paris in February . Fans appeared to be chanting: 'We're racist, we're racist and that's the way we like it' Footage captured by a bystander before Chelsea drew 1-1 with Paris Saint-Germain appeared to show a man being pushed back on to the platform amid chants of 'We're racist, we're racist and that's the way we like it'. The commuter, identified only as 33-year-old Souleymane, said later he felt 'truly wounded to the bottom of my heart'. He said: 'We're in 2015, aren't we, and we're in France. We're in a civilised country and when you are in a civilised country there are certain things you can't do. 'For me, it's a humiliation. I was humiliated in my country. I was humiliated in front of my family, humiliated in front of my mother and father.' In light of the incident, Scotland Yard said it would examine the footage to establish whether police could make an application for football banning orders. Chelsea FC said previously it was 'appalled' and apologised to the victim, while manager Jose Mourinho said he was 'ashamed' of the fans involved. Souleymane has said he is still traumatised and would not accept the invitation to watching the second leg at Stamford Bridge on Wednesday night. PSG play Chelsea in a Champions League last-16 second leg at Stamford Bridge on Wednesday night . Souleymane S says he is still traumatised and has not accepted the invitation to watch a game in London . Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Chelsea drew 1-1 with PSG in Champions League fixture last month . Black man was prevented from getting on Paris Metro prior to the game . Chelsea fans were filmed singing racist chants during the incident . Five men will appear at Waltham Forest Magistrates' Court on March 25 . |
Which American president spoke Dutch as their first language? | Van Buren received a basic education at the village schoolhouse, and briefly studied Latin at the Kinderhook Academy and at Washington Seminary in Claverack. Van Buren was raised speaking primarily Dutch and learned English while attending school; he is the only president of the United States whose first language was not English. Also during his childhood, Van Buren learned at his father's inn how to interact with people from varied ethnic, income, and societal groups, which he used to his advantage as a political organizer. His formal education ended in 1796, when he began reading law at the office of Peter Silvester and his son Francis. | President Van Buren spoke Dutch as his first language. He is the only president of the United States of America who spoke English as a second language. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | You do realise you've walked into the best windsurfing centre in the world?' announces our instructor, Sam, at the beginning of our first lesson at Club Vassiliki. While these surfer dudes tend to lean towards hyper-enthusiasm (everything is 'totally awesome' or 'epic'), I think he may be right on this one. We can sense it the second we arrive at this windsurfing hotspot on the southern end of Lefkada island in Greece. Our welcoming committee of caramel-coloured instructors eye up the new arrivals through their Ray-Bans. Staying on her feet (for now): Francesca gets to grips with the art of wind-surfing in sunny Lefkada . When my friend and I wander down to the beach, we see an exhilarating display of one hundred windsurfers skimming across the water like dragonflies. We sit drooling on the sand and make a pact to be professional standard by the end of the week. How hard can it be? Everyone at Club Vass - a hotel and windsurf school - has the same obsession. And it's contagious. While the converted flock here annually for their fix, it's also the perfect training ground for beginners. Thanks to its position in a thumb-shaped inlet, enclosed on three sides by mountains, this watery playground has its own weather system, which runs like clockwork during the summer. A light onshore breeze sees the novices through until lunchtime. By early afternoon, the heat pressure behind the western mountain has built up so the wind whooshes down into the bay. Off come the rookies, on go the pros. There are numerous watersports centres along Vassiliki beach, but Club Vass, which has been here since 1987, is the place to be. It has more Royal Yachting Association advanced instructors than any other centre in the world. They are wonderfully sympathetic to our incompetence, despite some of them being ranked among the UK's top professional windsurfers (the hotel walls are lined with shots of them in action, including one of a chiselled freestyler above my bed which prompts a nightly sigh). On day one, Sam shows us how to climb on to the board, haul the sail up and do a static turn (wafting the sail across the back of the board to turn 180 degrees). I feel like a new-born foal trying out my legs for the first time. We all plop in the sea constantly, but it is bathwater warm with a sandy bottom. Sometimes I fall in on purpose. Mornings begin with Greek yogurt and honey before our lesson at 10.30am. We return at lunchtime to refuel, then it's back to the water to practise. More than 250 boards and sails are lined up for the taking, and when you traipse floppily off the water after your session, one of the beach staff magically appears to put it all back for you. It's not all about the windsurfing. There are mountain bikes, yoga classes, fitness sessions, paddle boarding and a bustling Kids' Club. Stroll along the beach to Vassiliki town for a competitive line-up of seaside tavernas offering tzatziki, fried courgette and giant meaty skewers, or nip eastwards to the pretty bay of Sivota where we gorge on fresh fish and watch yachts bobbing. The social scene at Club Vass is a big draw, says a university graduate, here for his sixth summer. Every evening, guests at the beach bar swap anecdotes about their windsurfing feats. I throw in a bit of lingo about 'heli tacks' and 'duck gybes', but give the game away on the water the next morning when a girl from my table at dinner glides past and waves. I return the gesture and topple off. On our final, gusty afternoon I'm first on the water. Leaning my full weight back against the sail, the board slices through the sea. I'm smitten. Not with my instructor (well, not just with my instructor), but with this utterly thrilling sport. A seven-night stay at Club Vass (0844 463 0191, www.clubvass.com) costs from £599 per person, including flights from Gatwick, transfers, windsurfing tuition, mountain biking and stand-up-paddle boarding. | Pretty Lefkada is one of the most northerly of the Greek islands . Often lost in the shadow of Kefalonia, it is a destination of quiet charm . It is also a great place to learn to wind-surf - as our writer discovers . |
Where can you find the Citron-bellied attila? | The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae.
It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. | The The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) can be found in the following countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A chip-in on his final hole handed Brian Davis a one-shot lead after the opening round of the Valspar Championship in Florida. The Englishman recorded eight birdies and two bogeys in an opening 65 to sit six under, a shot clear of American pair Sean O'Hair and Ricky Barnes. Starting on the back nine, Davis birdied 11,12, 14, 15 and 18 to turn in 30 and two further birdies on five and six had him out in the lead on his own. Brian Davis leads the Valspar Championship in Florida after an opening round including eight birdies . Bogeys on the seventh and eighth followed to stall his momentum somewhat but a wedge from the greenside rough at nine saw him take top spot. 'I actually hit a really good tee shot and a really good second shot, I was surprised to see it there,' he told Sky Sports 4. 'Obviously it's into the green so I can be aggressive but it actually jumps out a bit quicker than I thought and obviously (I am) delighted it hit the pin and dropped in. 'Delighted with the round, I hit some really good shots today.' Davis has won 12.8million dollars in his PGA Tour career but has yet to win a tournament and hopes improved iron play may at last push him over the edge after hitting 15 greens in regulation on the Copperhead course. 'My stats probably show I'm hitting eight to 10 greens a round, which is not going to get it done,' he added. 'If you start hitting 14 greens the way I putt, you're going to shoot under par and that's what I did today.' Davis hopes that his improved form will lead to a first tournament win of his PGA Tour career . O'Hair had eight birdies and three bogeys in his 66 while Barnes recorded a single dropped shot on 17 to slip into a share of second. There was then a group of six players on four under made up of Justin Thomas, Derek Ernst, Nicholas Thompson, Brendon de Jonge, Alex Cejka and Henrik Stenson. World number three Stenson is the highest ranked player in the field with Rory McIlroy and Bubba Watson not present and his 67 was bogey free. The Swede, starting on 10, had chances for birdie on his opening five holes but could only take advantage on 11, 13 and 14 before picking up a shot on nine. And Stenson hopes this week will provide him with some good practice for the Masters in four weeks' time. Henrik Stenson, the top-ranked player in the tournament, is two shots back after a first round of 67 . 'I come in here trying to prepare for Augusta as well and this is a great test for that,' he told www.pgatour.com. 'To just keep hitting your spots and stay patient and I did that all day and I got rewarded for it. 'I'm going to try the same for the next three days and, of course, try and hit the shots. Even though my swing wasn't on today I still picked my targets and tried the best I could. 'I hit some good shots, obviously, and the other ones I missed in the right places which is key here.' Ian Poulter was in a large group of players at three under while Scottish pair Russell Knox and Martin Laird were a further shot back. | Englishman Brian Davis makes eight birdies in round of 65 . Davis makes a brilliant chip-in on his final hold to take lead after first round . Davis has never won a tournament in his PGA Tour career . |
Please give me a bulleted list of the fundamentals of baseball | Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a ball that a player on the batting team, called the batter, tries to hit with a bat. The objective of the offensive team (batting team) is to hit the ball into the field of play, away from the other team's players, allowing its players to run the bases, having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called "runs". The objective of the defensive team (referred to as the fielding team) is to prevent batters from becoming runners, and to prevent runners' advance around the bases. A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate (the place where the player started as a batter).
The principal objective of the batting team is to have a player reach first base safely; this generally occurs either when the batter hits the ball and reaches first base before an opponent retrieves the ball and touches the base, or when the pitcher persists in throwing the ball out of the batter's reach. Players on the batting team who reach first base without being called "out" can attempt to advance to subsequent bases as a runner, either immediately or during teammates' turns batting. The fielding team tries to prevent runs by getting batters or runners "out", which forces them out of the field of play. The pitcher can get the batter out by throwing three pitches which result in strikes, while fielders can get the batter out by catching a batted ball before it touches the ground, and can get a runner out by tagging them with the ball while the runner is not touching a base.
The opposing teams switch back and forth between batting and fielding; the batting team's turn to bat is over once the fielding team records three outs. One turn batting for each team constitutes an inning. A game is usually composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins. Most games end after the ninth inning, but if scores are tied at that point, extra innings are usually played. Baseball has no game clock, though some competitions feature pace-of-play regulations such as the pitch clock to shorten game time. | - Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding.
- The object of the game in to score more runs than the opposing team.
- Runs are score only by the batting team during their at bats. While batting you are allowed 3 outs before you will have to switch with the fielding team.
- A typical baseball game last 9 innings, but there can be extra innings added if there is a tie. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Slain Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov isn't the first critic of President Vladimir Putin to turn up dead. Some Putin opponents claim it isn't a coincidence that critics of the powerful leader and his government have been killed or landed behind bars. But the Kremlin has staunchly denied accusations that it's targeting political opponents or had anything to do with the deaths. Here's a look at some cases of outspoken critics of Putin's government who've ended up in exile, under house arrest, behind bars or dead. The business magnate backed an opposition party and accused Putin of corruption. He spent more than 10 years behind bars on charges of tax evasion and fraud. In statements to CNN, Khodorkovsky said his prosecution was part of a Kremlin campaign to destroy him and take control of Yukos, the oil company he built from privatization deals in the 1990s. The Kremlin denied the accusation. At the time of Khodorkovsky's sentencing, the Russian Foreign Ministry said in a statement that "allegations about some kind of selective prosecution in Russia are groundless. Russian courts deal with thousands of cases where entrepreneurs are prosecuted." Due for release in August 2014, he was released nearly a year earlier, in December 2013, after Putin signed an amnesty decree pardoning him. His release, along with the pardoning of dissident Russian punk band Pussy Riot and a group of Greenpeace protesters, was widely seen as an attempt to improve the country's image before the Winter Olympics in Sochi last February. Khodorkovsky is now living in Switzerland. He told CNN's Christiane Amanpour last month that he wants to see regime change in his country. "I think that my country doesn't deserve a new era of authoritarianism," he said. "But at the same time, I don't want a revolution." She was a vocal critic of Russia's war in Chechnya. Her home was a safe place, until it became the scene of her murder. She was shot four times at the entrance of her Moscow apartment in October 2006. Last year, a Moscow court sentenced five men to prison for the killing. Authorities alleged that an unidentified man asked Lom-Ali Gaitukayev, whom the jury found was a mastermind of the slaying, to kill Politkovskaya in exchange for $150,000 because of her reports of human rights violations and other issues, the Moscow city court said. The New York-based Committee to Protect Journalists said her work chronicling human rights abuses in Chechnya led to threats against her and angered Russian authorities. Shortly after her death, Putin denied any Kremlin involvement in her killing, saying that Politkovskaya's "death in itself is more damaging to the current authorities both in Russia and the Chechen Republic ... than her activities." The former Russian agent was poisoned by a lethal dose of radioactive polonium, his tea spiked in a London hotel during a meeting with two former Russian security servicemen. After leaving the Russian Federal Security Service, he blamed the agency for orchestrating a series of apartment bombings in Russia in 1999 that left hundreds dead and led to Russia's invasion of Chechnya later that year. In a statement from his deathbed in London in November 2006, he said he had no doubt about who was to blame for his imminent death. "You may succeed in silencing me, but that silence comes at a price," Litvinenko said at the time. "You may succeed in silencing one man, but the howl of protest from around the world will reverberate, Mr. Putin, in your ears for the rest of your life." Officials have always dismissed the accusation as "nonsense," but suspicions linger. A Russian federal intelligence service spokesman went as far as to say that Moscow had not carried out any "physical liquidation of unwelcome personalities" since the Soviet era. The two prime suspects in the poisoning, Andrei Lugavoi and Dmitry Kovtun, are Russian nationals. Both are former agents of the Russian security services. But both deny involvement, and the Russian government refuses to extradite either to Britain to face trial. In January 2009, a masked man shot and killed Markelov, a Russian human rights lawyer known for his work on abuses by the Russian military in Chechnya. The gunman also shot Baburova, a journalist from Russia's Novaya Gazeta newspaper, when she tried to intervene. Markelov was known for his work on high-profile cases. He represented the family of a Chechen woman killed by a former Russian colonel in March 2000. He held a news conference hours before his death opposing the early release of Col. Yury Budanov, who had been convicted of strangling a Chechen teenage girl and was freed after serving eight years of a 10-year sentence. At the time, Novaya Gazeta Editor-in-Chief Dmitry Muratov suggested that Baburova was killed when she tried to stop the lawyer's killer, but he said he couldn't dismiss the possibility that she was also a target. Russian authorities said members of a neo-Nazi group were behind the killings, and two neo-Nazis were convicted for the deaths. The Chechnya-based human rights activist was kidnapped outside her home there in July 2009 and found dead in the neighboring Russian republic of Ingushetia later the same day. Her body was riddled with bullets, Russian prosecutors said -- several shots to the abdomen, and one to the head. Estemirova had spent years investigating human rights abuses in Chechnya. She told CNN in 2007 that she was investigating dozens of abductions and murders that had become the norm in Chechnya, where security forces were fighting a dirty war against separatist rebels. The head of the group Estemirova worked for, Memorial, accuses the Kremlin-backed Chechen leadership of ordering her killing. Her death drew the ire of European leaders. "How many more Natalya Estemirovas and Anna Politkovskayas must be killed before the Russian authorities protect people who stand up for the human rights of Russian citizens?" Terry Davis, then the Council of Europe secretary general, said at the time. The Guardian reported shortly after Estemirova's death that Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov and his aides had threatened her. Kadyrov denied involvement in her killing, calling it a "monstrous crime" that was carried out to discredit his government. The powerful Russian businessman's falling-out with his government left him self-exiled in England. Berezovsky accused the Kremlin of killing Litvinenko. And for years, he bankrolled the effort of Litvinenko's widow to push for an inquest into her husband's death. In 2013, he was found dead inside his house with a noose around his neck. Was it a suicide? The coroner's office said it could not say. In 2013, during a phone call to a television show, Putin said he could not rule out that foreign secret services had a role in Berezovsky's death. However, he added that there is no evidence of this. A corruption-fighting lawyer, Navalny famously branded Putin's United Russia party "the party of crooks and thieves." He has been a prominent organizer of mass street protests and has attacked corruption in Russian government, using his blog and social media. The Kremlin critic was arrested in December just after hours after he was found guilty of fraud in a politically charged trial . Navalny was detained after he broke house arrest and went to join a protest against the court's verdict. In court, he got a three-and-a-half-year suspended sentence for the fraud conviction, while his brother, Oleg, also convicted of fraud, was given a prison term of the same length. The brothers denied charges of embezzling 30 million rubles ($540,000) from a Russian subsidiary of French cosmetics company Yves Rocher between 2008 and 2012. Before the December ruling, he was under house arrest after he was convicted in 2013 of misappropriating $500,000 worth of state-owned timber, in what he told CNN was a fabricated case. The Telegraph reported that the Kremlin denies fabricating the case. A spokesman for Putin said the President only learned of the sentence from the media. Nemtsov, 55, was a top official with the Republican Party of Russia/Party of People's Freedom, a liberal opposition group. He had been arrested several times for speaking against Putin's government. The most recent arrests were in 2011, when he protested the results of parliamentary elections, and in 2012, when tens of thousands protested against Putin. Most recently, he had been critical of the Kremlin's handling of the Ukraine crisis. After his death Friday night, opposition leader Ilya Yashin said his friend had been working on a report about Russian troops and their involvement in Ukraine. In an interview with Newsweek magazine just hours before his death, Nemtsov said Russia was "drowning" under Putin's leadership and was swiftly becoming a fascist state. "Due to the policy of Vladimir Putin, a country with unparalleled potential is sinking, an economy which accumulated untold currency reserves is collapsing," he said. The former deputy prime minister accused Putin of using "Goebbels-style propaganda" -- a reference to Joseph Goebbels, Nazi Germany's propaganda minister -- to brainwash his countrymen. Nemtsov was scheduled to lead an opposition rally in Moscow last Sunday. But two days before the event, he was shot dead as he walked home from dinner with his Ukrainian model girlfriend. The killing took place just meters away from the Kremlin. The Kremlin suggested Nemtsov may have been killed by enemies of Russia intent on creating political discord. But many Nemtsov supporters suspect Putin's administration of involvement. CNN's Matthew Chance, Ivan Watson, Alla Eshchenko, Laura Smith-Spark, Holly Yan and Richard Allen Greene contributed to this report. | Some claim it's no coincidence that critics of Putin and his government have been killed or imprisoned . But the Kremlin staunchly denies accusations that it's targeting political opponents . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Christopher Nowak says none of his friends were surprised when he and his wife decided to use a down payment for a home on a monorail car instead. After all, this was no ordinary monorail car, and Nowak is not your average collector. This was the front cab of an original monorail train that transported millions of visitors throughout Walt Disney World in the 1970s and 1980s. The original Mark IV monorail trains were retired in 1989 to make room for a new generation of models, according to the Orlando Sentinel. Nowak and his wife are Disney fanatics who honeymooned at Disney World and once visited all the Disney parks in the world (minus Paris) in a month. He's also a self-described artist, inventor and collector of "weird old vehicles," including an articulated bus he claims to have transformed into a mobile nightclub. The couple from Chico, California, purchased the cab in 2014, dreaming of the day they might use it to drive their kids to school or bring it to the annual Burning Man festival (Nowak declined to say what he paid for the rail car.) But plans change. Nowak listed the item last week on eBay for $260,000 with a starting bid of $169,000. More than 1,500 people were watching the auction as of Saturday night, though no one had bid. The listing itself was pulled from eBay on Sunday. Nowak, who owns a sound and lighting custom stage design company, had told CNN he and his wife needed the money to fund their next big project, but he declined to provide details. "My wife and I had plans for it, but we're kind of strapped for cash, so we figured, let's put it out and see what happens." The listing provided some insight into what Nowak might have had in mind for the cab. "Some people have train cars in their back yard, imagine your own monorail guest room, or man cave. Mount it on a bus chassis and drive it around!! Turn it into your kids' ultimate clubhouse," the description on the eBay page read. "This is a once in a lifetime opportunity to own a very serious piece of Disney history." The listing said the vehicle is available for viewing in Tampa, where Nowak left it with a friend after buying it from a seller in Georgia via eBay last year. CNN could not independently confirm its authenticity. Nowak says he did not receive a title or certificate of authenticity when he purchased the cab but he is confident that it's the real deal. "I guess there's chance it could be a reproduction, but I'm not too worried," he said. The listing promised free shipping, but Nowak is not sure that he's ready to part with the item. "I'm sure I'd have salty taste in my mouth if it gets sold, but we'll see what happens," he said. "If this thing gets sold, I know that in 20 years, I'll look back and think that of all the things I got rid of, this is the coolest." | The listing has been removed from eBay . The front cab of a Walt Disney World monorail train is on sale on eBay . The seller is a Disney fan who's not sure whether he's ready to part with it . |
Given this paragraph about Kevum, explain when it is typically consumed? | Kevum or Kavum is a deep-fried Sri Lankan sweet made from rice flour and kithul (sugar-palm) treacle, with a number of variants adding additional ingredients. It is also known as oil cake. Kevum is traditionally given and consumed during celebrations of Sinhala and Tamil New Year. | It's consumed usually for Sinahala and Tamil celebrations. Particularly, the New Year. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Amateur gymnast Rosie Connolly collapsed and died after going for a swim - just one hour after rushing to the aid of a fellow gym user . A talented amateur gymnast collapsed and died after going for a swim - just one hour after rushing to the aid of a fellow gym user. Rosie Connolly, 21, a receptionist at the Laboratory Spa in Mill Hill - used by Olympics stars Anthony Joshua and Mark Foster - fell unconscious at the poolside after a swim. She had told staff she had felt unwell in the water and reportedly struggled to clamber out of the club pool. Two doctors battled to revive her as an ambulance crew arrived and took her to Barnet General Hospital. But the popular worker at the spa died shortly afterwards, following a suspected cardiac arrest. Just 50 minutes before the tragedy, Miss Connolly - a member of Childs Hill gymnastics club - had rushed to help a club member who became ill in the changing rooms and had cared for them until an ambulance had arrived. The Laboratory Spa has opened a book of condolence. A colleague said: 'Everyone knew her here and loved her. She was a bubbly, smiley person and will be incredibly missed.' A club member added: 'Everyone was shocked to find out what happened to Rosie. She had her whole life in front of her. She was a lovely, hard-working girl who was always able to answer questions with a smile. She made people feel welcome.' Friends paid tribute to Miss Connolly, a member of Childs Hill gymnastics club who had performed in an international competition in Switzerland. Rosie's sister Hayley, 27, said at the family's home near the club that the family were too upset to talk about the death, the Evening Standard reported. She said : 'It's too raw for us.' Alexandra, a nurse, wrote: 'I can't believe it, my fellow dancer, the only one I truly trusted to pick me up without dropping me. You'll be missed, you beautiful girl.' Panayioda Kilikita, a trainer at the club, wrote on Facebook: 'Oh our beautiful Rosie why did you get taken? You are loved dearly and will be forever missed.' Sinead McKenna added: 'What an amazing, beautiful, kind-hearted little star you are Rosie.' Connolly, 21, a receptionist at the Laboratory Spa in Mill Hill - used by Olympics stars Anthony Joshua and Mark Foster - fell unconscious at the poolside . Just 50 minutes before the tragedy, Miss Connolly - a member of Childs Hill gymnastics club - had rushed to help a club member who became ill in the changing rooms and had cared for them until an ambulance had arrived . | Rosie Connolly, 21, was receptionist at the Laboratory Spa in Mill Hill . She told staff she felt unwell and 'struggled to clamber out of pool' Two doctors battled to revive her as an ambulance crew arrived . The popular worker died shortly afterwards, of a suspected cardiac arrest . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Imagine sitting on a dusty, busy street in New Delhi, crowded with vendors and people running quickly about the market. A woman's lapis-colored sari swishes past you in the golden-colored dusk. You've been here since morning. A tourist extends a hand with a crumpled paper bill. You try to lift your hand to accept, but you can't. The muscles are paralyzed, and your mind can't command them to move. You use your knee to balance your arm and grasp the rupee. Then you use your foot to pick up your bag and head home for the day. This is everyday life for Bipin Kumar. Kumar, known as BK, contracted polio as a child, and he has learned to adapt to how he moves and lives. Kumar has no brothers or father to provide for him, so he moved to New Delhi 10 years ago to pursue the only means of income he could -- begging on the streets. Photographer Elena del Estal was in India last year when the World Health Organization announced that polio had officially been eradicated from the country. It had been exactly three years since the last contracted case. Del Estal was fascinated by this. She couldn't help but wonder about those already living with the crippling effects of this horrible disease. She traveled to a small village near Kolkata to meet a little girl who was India's last case of polio. This gave her the inspiration to begin a long-term project on those suffering in a country that's now "polio-free." First she met a boy named Dharmender who lived in Uttar Pradesh, a state in northern India. Even though his village was poor, his family took good care of him. Del Estal spent time with him and accompanied him during a surgical procedure in New Delhi. She said that while Dharmender is very fortunate to have the opportunity for surgery, he will still never have a "normal" life. "His daily life is hard. ... Everybody around him was working and having a family, and he cannot have this," Del Estal said. "So on one hand, it's (a) hard situation, and on the other hand, it's easier than the other boy I met." She's speaking of Kumar, the young man who moved to New Delhi to support himself and his elderly mother back home in a village up north. Del Estal first met Kumar when she was wrapping up the first segment of her project. From the beginning, she said, he was very trusting, allowing her into his daily life. Del Estal was intent on capturing an authentic portrayal of Kumar's life -- the everyday logistics of moving through a city without one's limbs at command. She said she was amazed at how adept he was at maneuvering his world. He could carry notebooks with his neck, grasp a pencil in between his clutched fingers, smoke a cigarette using his feet and prop his arms on his knees to move them forward. Social media . Follow @CNNPhotos on Twitter to join the conversation about photography. Between the two of them -- Del Estal speaking a little Hindi and Kumar speaking a little English -- they wove a patchwork language of friendship and understanding. Kumar told her of his love interest -- a girl who had feelings for him as well -- but her parents would never allow their union. Del Estal said that while Kumar wants a job, employment is next to impossible for someone in his condition. But his spirit is tenacious. He knows how to read and write and he is skilled at taking care of himself. Before heading to the main bazaar in New Delhi every day, he washes and dresses himself. There are no days off for him. As shops open and tourists fumble through a foreign world in flip-flops and Bermuda shorts, Kumar positions himself in a visible location and smiles and greets everyone who passes with, "Namaste." Del Estal has been so impacted by his friendship that she said her next plans are to do a project on his life. "I want to go to his village to meet his mother and keep taking pictures about his life because he is such a beautiful person," she said. "It's such a sad (circumstance) yet amazing life. I want to keep documenting his (story)." Elena del Estal is a Spanish photographer based in India. | In March of last year, it was announced that polio had been eradicated in India . Photographer Elena del Estal couldn't help but wonder about those already living with the disease . |
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