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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Five full weeks into Aaron Hernandez's murder trial, prosecutors have called 77 witnesses. Jurors have yet to hear from the former NFL star's fiancée, Shayanna Jenkins, New England Patriots head coach Bill Belichick or owner Robert Kraft. But this week did bring emotional testimony and important developments in the case against Hernandez, who has pleaded not guilty to killing Odin Lloyd in 2013. Check out some of the key moments you might have missed this week. A DNA analyst from the Massachusetts State Police crime lab said she found that Hernandez's DNA matched the DNA taken from a marijuana joint found near Lloyd's body at the crime scene. Lloyd's DNA also was found on the blunt. The DNA analyst, Diane Biagiotti, testified to finding a partial DNA match from Hernandez on the shell casing found in the dumpster of the Enterprise rental car office. But under cross-examination, lead defense attorney Jamie Sultan got Biagiotti to acknowledge there's a high likelihood that DNA from chewing gum could have transferred to the shell casing found in the dumpster. The office manager at the rental car office, Keelia Smyth, testified that she put the shell casing and the gum together after finding the items in the Nissan Altima returned by Hernandez on June 17, 2013. She said she threw them in the trash bin outside of her office. Inside Hernandez's downward spiral . It was revealed by Sultan that the state never submitted the gum for DNA testing. The state has not yet explained why. We may hear the answer during the state's redirect of Biagiotti on Monday. Hernandez is seen on surveillance video buying gum, and he also offered some to Smyth. Biagiotti said under cross-examination that it's highly unlikely to find DNA on any shell casing. One reason is because the heat from the gun wipes away any DNA, she said. The shell casings found at the crime scene did not have enough DNA on them to produce a DNA profile. Hernandez's family was in court on Friday after a week's absence. Hernandez's mother, Terri Hernandez, told CNN' that she thought Friday "went very well" for him. Testimony this week also focused on fingerprints from Hernandez and Lloyd that were found inside the rented Nissan Altima. The car also had fingerprints of Ernest Wallace and Carlos Ortiz, who are also charged with killing Lloyd. They have pleaded not guilty and will be tried separately. State Trooper David Mackin, a fingerprint expert with the Massachusetts State Police crime scene services, reported finding the fingerprints of Wallace and Ortiz in a Chrysler 300 that Hernandez rented. Prosecutors call it the "getaway car," which was ultimately found abandoned in Bristol, Connecticut. But no prints were found on the .22-caliber gun recovered on the edge of a wooded area near Hernandez's home. Hernandez is charged with illegal possession of that gun. In addition, no prints were found on any of the shell casings, including the casing found stuck to the blue bubblegum in the dumpster outside the Enterprise office. Another key find: tire treads of the rear passenger tire of the Altima matched a tire impression found at the crime scene, according to court testimony. Shaquilla Thibou, Lloyd's younger sister and the last family member to see him before he was killed, took the stand Monday. About an hour before his death, she said she watched him get into a silver Nissan Altima as she sat in a friend's car outside her home. Thibou, who was 19 at the time of her brother's killing, told jurors that when Lloyd first walked to the car, he opened the front passenger door. He stopped and then opened the back passenger door and entered the car. "The light came on and there was a shadow in the back seat," she said. Then she saw the Altima pull away. It was 2:32 a.m. Thirty minutes later, Thibou returned to her home and charged her dead phone. She noticed a text from her big brother. Thibou was not allowed to share with jurors what was said in those texts. The judge ruled there is not enough proof the text message meant Lloyd feared for his life, legally called "a dying declaration." That means that the jury did not hear that at 3:07 a.m., Lloyd texted his sister asking, "U saw who I'm with?" At 3:11 a.m he checked in again, texting "hello." Finally, at 3:19 a.m. Thibou answered, "my phone was dead who was that?" At 3:22 a.m., Lloyd responded, "Nfl." A minute later, he sent his last text, "just so u know." During grand jury testimony, Thibou admitted she thought her brother was bragging. When reliving the moment when police came to her home to tell her family that Lloyd had been shot to death, Thibou began to cry silently, wiping her tears after Assistant District Attorney William McCauley gave her a tissue. During cross-examination, defense attorney Michael Fee introduced a photo of Lloyd taken by Thibou. It showed Lloyd smiling and sitting in the driver's seat of the black Suburban that Hernandez loaned him. On Wednesday, jurors got an up-close view of the clothes Lloyd was wearing the night he was shot six times. Massachusetts crime lab forensic chemist Sherri Menendez held up Lloyd's bullet-riddled dark blue Old Navy sweatshirt and then his red plaid shirt. Jurors craned their necks to get a better view of the bullet holes in the sweatshirt. The shirt was stained with blood. Menendez tested the bullet holes for gunshot residue consisting of what she described as burned particles and vaporous lead. During her testing of bullet holes on the front of the sweatshirt, she found both and was able to determine that Lloyd was shot from as close as 3 feet. The autopsy showed the final two shots were fired into his chest while he was laying face up in the ground. Just weeks before Hernandez was arrested and charged with murder, he toured rental apartments with New England Patriot employee Kevin Anderson, real estate agent Barbara Scardino testified Thursday. She said she was initially contacted by Anderson to find some apartments to show Hernandez. He had previously called her to help other Patriot players find homes and apartment rentals, sometimes second residences near Gillette Stadium. This means the Patriot staff knew about Hernandez's second home. In early May of 2013, she showed Anderson and Hernandez four apartments. Hernandez settled on the two-bedroom condo in Franklin, Massachusetts, referred to as his "flophouse." Hernandez's home in North Attleboro and his condo in Franklin are each about 15 minutes away from the stadium. Hernandez's Franklin neighbor, Carol Bailey, also took the stand, telling jurors that she met another man that also stayed in the condo. It was Hernandez's friend Wallace. Bailey paid close attention to Hernandez and Wallace, seeing them come and go during their short stay there. During her one attempt to talk to Hernandez and say hello, she says he sort of grunted back, calling it a "nondescript" noise. She also testified that she often heard loud voices that sounded "locker room-ish" coming from the apartment as well as a strong "skunk-like" smell seeping into her apartment from their shared wall. After mid-June, she never saw him again. A representative from Sprint, Justin Darrow, started off the week with a light moment. He appeared nervous and stopped to take a moment while answering a question. He then turned to Judge Susan Garsh and apologized. "It's a big case. Sorry." Showing no emotion, Garsh struck the comment from the record. Darrow went on to testify to multiple calls between Sprint cell phone client Ernest Wallace and Odin Lloyd, Aaron Hernandez and Hernandez's fiancee, Shayanna Jenkins, the night before and morning of Lloyd's death. Prosecutors say they believe Hernandez was using his fiancee's phone to call Wallace. Jenkins granted immunity . Darrow also explained how cell sites (or towers) in the Sprint network tracked the phone calls, and thus tracked the direction they were driving. Another cell phone representative also testified. T-Mobile engineer Patrick Quinn testified about the data transmissions from Lloyd's cell phone beginning on June 17, 2013, at 2:32 a.m. That's when Lloyd was picked up outside his home in the Nissan Altima. Data transmissions are the automatic updates that are sent to cell phones. Assistant District Attorney Patrick Bomberg methodically walked Quinn through data transmissions received on Lloyd's cell phone via multiple cell towers along the route he traveled from Dorchester to the industrial park in North Attleboro. The last cell tower was just 400 yards from Lloyd's body. | Testimony this week focused on DNA, fingerprints and tire treads . Mother tells Susan Candiotti that court "went very well" for Hernandez . Jurors also heard details about cell phone records and cell towers . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | For a man who had just made it to the Champions League quarter-finals and broken the record for goals scored in European competition, Cristiano Ronaldo cut a frustrated figure as he left the pitch shaking his head on Tuesday. The mood of the world's best player hadn't changed when he emerged from the home-team dressing room and told waiting television crews that he would not be talking again publicly until the end of the season. The significance of 'the end of the season' is that by then we will know just how much a campaign that promised so much for Real Madrid has delivered. Cristiano Ronaldo celebrates after scoring, but he couldn't prevent his side slumping to a 4-3 defeat . Ronaldo vowed he would not talk publicly again this season after the defeat by Schalke on Tuesday . Ballon d'Or winner Ronaldo watches on with his hands on his hips as Klaas-Jan Huntelaar celebrates . Much more will also be known about the futures of Ronaldo - Real Madrid's top scorer — and also his team-mate Gareth Bale and his coach Carlo Ancelotti. Supporters at the Bernabeu turned on Ancelotti even before Real's 4-3 defeat by Schalke had started, with the manager's name jeered as it was announced before kick-off. Bale was whistled at in the second half while goalkeeper Iker Casillas also bore the brunt of the discontent, more justifiably because he could have done more about Schalke's first two goals. When Casillas, as captain, summoned his team-mates into the centre-circle at the final whistle they went reluctant — Ronaldo more than most — but were met with more resounding boos and a show of white handkerchief protest. Casillas has said he wants to stay until he is 40 but Real want Manchester United goalkeeper David De Gea, and every day that passes without him signing a new deal at Old Trafford leads them to believe they still have a chance. Some Real Madrid fans waved a white handkerchief after the final whistle on Tuesday night . Iker Casillas has been below his best for some time, but replacing him is not as simple as it sounds . Casillas called on his team-mates to acknowledge the home supporters following the surprise defeat . Casillas pulls midfielder Isco toward the centre circle to applaud the fans . United will be watching the potential unravelling of Real's season closely. The campaign could still end gloriously if important injured players like Sergio Ramos, James Rodriguez and the fit-again Luka Modric return to their best ahead of the Champions League latter rounds. But what if things don't end well? United have made little secret of wanting Bale at the end of this campaign. He is happy in Spain but how many times can a player have his first mistake verbally chastised by his own fans before he starts to wonder if he might not be better off elsewhere? The former Tottenham star is not a particularly social animal and has not put down any great emotional roots in the city. United must be encouraged by the fact that despite him winning four trophies in his first year at the club, supporters are doing nothing to cultivate a lasting bond. Gareth Bale was subjected to boos from Real Madrid fans as they were beaten at home by Schalke . Bale has not scored for the Champions League winners in his last nine appearances . The former Tottenham player endured another night to forget as Real were beaten but crept through . United have also considered the impact that recapturing Ronaldo would create. And they were interested in Ancelotti before they turned to Louis van Gaal to replace David Moyes. The Italian stayed at Madrid and won his third Champions League but he is now drawn to the idea of an English return and the wheels have been set in motion to push his profile in England – not that anyone needs reminding how well he did at Chelsea. No-one at Madrid is suggesting Ronaldo, Bale and Ancelotti all park up at Old Trafford this summer with De Gea moving the other way but there is a sense that there will be an overhaul at the end of the season and with instability prevailing it might not just be squad players such as Alvaro Arbeloa, Fabio Coentrao, Asier Illaramendi and Sami Khedira who leave. At any club such rumblings would be dismissed as ridiculous but the knee-jerk short-termism at Madrid is nothing new. Carlo Ancelotti, pictured hugging Roberto Di Matteo, is under growing pressure at the Bernabeu . Ancelotti's future at Real is the subject of discussion despite delivering the club their 10th European Cup . Ancelotti looks to the skies as his side sneak into the last eight of the Champions League . An online poll asking which striker should be dropped from the 'BBC' front three of Benzema, Bale and Cristiano (the one that was 'the best in the world' just three months ago) was carried out this week by Diario AS. Bale registered 40 per cent and Ronaldo 33 per cent. Ancelotti sticks up for both but no one sticks up for him. As he said earlier this week: 'When we win it's got nothing to do with me, when we lose it's my fault.' Post match on Tuesday he was even asked if: 'Knowing the business as he does, would he be surprised if he was sacked after defeat to Schalke?' He has them in the last eight of the Champions League in spite of an injury crisis; Ronaldo has already scored as many goals this season as last; and Real are only a win in next week's Clasico away from returning to the top of the league but you would never know it from the faces of those who were winning the European Cup just 10 months ago. | Real Madrid were beaten 4-3 by Schalke in the Champions League . Competition holders progressed to the quarter-finals 5-4 on aggregate . Cristiano Ronaldo vowed not to talk publicly for the rest of the season . Gareth Bale was subjected to boos by Real Madrid supporters again . Carlo Ancelotti was jeered when his name was called out before kick off . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Once again, the Championship is proving to be the league with the most exciting promotion battle in Europe and the stakes have never been higher. With just 10 games left, one point divides a top five of Bournemouth, Derby, Watford, Middlesbrough and Norwich, with Brentford and Ipswich only a result or two behind them. And with £150million awaiting those who reach the Premier League, as well as a share of the new £5billion TV deal coming the following season, the difference between success and failure has never been greater. It’s going to be a case of who holds their nerve best, starting tomorrow as Middlesbrough take on Ipswich and Norwich face Derby. Sportsmail assesses the leading contenders. Leicester City celebrate with the Championship trophy last season (left) and the current table (right) BOURNEMOUTH Points 66 l Goal difference +35 . Manager Eddie Howe, 37, has taken his side from the bottom of League Two to the verge of the Premier League in two spells at Dean Court. Under their attack-minded boss, Bournemouth are the division’s top scorers with 74. Promotion prospects: Howe is too cool to let his players crack under pressure. The Premier League has seen fairytale stories of Swindon and Blackpool, and Bournemouth could be the latest. Did you know? Bournemouth’s average home gate this season is 10,147 — lower than any other club bar in the league bar Rotherham. Eddie Howe has taken his side from the bottom of League Two to the verge of the Premier League . Eunan O'Kane celebrates after scoring - and Bournemouth are the divison's top goalscorers . DERBY COUNTY Points 66 l Goal difference +29 . Steve McClaren’s men have bounced back after suffering play-off final heartbreak in May when they were beaten 1-0 by QPR. Loanees Darren Bent, Jesse Lingard and Thomas Ince have strengthened a strong squad but self-doubt could creep in. Promotion prospects: The best team on paper, they looked odds-on at one stage. But you feel they are just one slip-up from disaster. Did you know? McClaren won successive promotions as a Derby County player in the 1980s under Arthur Cox. Thomas Ince strengthened Derby's squad when coming in on loan but questions remain over them . Derby are the best team on paper, but you feel they are just one slip-up from heading for disaster . WATFORD Points 66 l Goal difference +28 . Italian owner Gino Pozzo has been through six managers in three years — four this season alone — but this hasn’t disrupted progress at Vicarage Road under latest boss Slavisa Jokanovic. Strike pair Troy Deeney and Odion Ighalo, on loan from Pozzo’s father’s club Udinese, have scored 33 of Watford’s 72 goals. Promotion prospects: Like to play on the counter-attack, but have crucial games against Middlesbrough and Derby and may have to settle for the play-offs. Did you know? Watford last graced the Premier League in 2007 and Manchester City’s Darius Vassell scored the goal that sent them down. Troy Deeney provides real quality upfront for Watford and he has previously attracted top flight attention . Deeney and Odion Ighalo (pictured), on loan from Udinese, have scored 33 of Watford’s 72 goals . MIDDLESBROUGH Points 66 l Goal difference +28 . Jose Mourinho’s former assistant at Real Madrid Aitor Karanka has been a huge hit with some help from the Special One, who loaned him 11-goal Patrick Bamford. Boro have conceded 26 goals from 36 matches — the fewest in the division. Promotion prospects: In danger of going off the boil, having collected only seven points from 18. Did you know? Boro have lost their last three Saturday fixtures — against Leeds, Sheffield Wednesday and Nottingham Forest. Aitor Karanka is Jose Mourinho’s former assistant at Real Madrid and has gained Patrick Bamford on loan . Grant Leadbitter and Adam Clayton celebrate a goal, but Middlesbrough look like going off the boil . NORWICH CITY Points 65 l Goal difference +31 . The gamble to recruit 33-year-old unknown Alex Neil from Hamilton Academical has paid off, only losing once their last in nine games. They have plenty of top-flight experience in John Ruddy, Wes Hoolahan and Cameron Jerome. Promotion prospects: Their squad is battle-hardened and you suspect when the going gets tough, Norwich will be able to get going. Did you know? Neil became the highest-placed Scottish manager in England following the sacking of Paul Lambert at Aston Villa. Cameron Jerome (left) is one of a number of players in the Norwich squad who boast top flight experience . Jonathan Howson and Bradley Johnson have also played in the Premier League with the Canaries . And don’t forget... Brentford — 62pts: Surprise package who haven’t been distracted by manager Mark Warburton’s departure at the end of the season. Ipswich — 61pts: Mick McCarthy boasts the division’s leading scorer, 22-goal Daryl Murphy. Brentford are just a point ahead of Ipswich Town after the two came head-to-head last Saturday . | The stakes in the race for Championship promotion have never been higher . Bournemouth, Derby, Watford and Middlesbrough are all on 66 points . Norwich City are just a point behind with Brentford and Ipswich not far off . £150million awaits the three teams who make it to the Premier League . |
Based on the above passage name the regions which is at the North border of Saudi Arabia . Display the results in a comma separated format. | Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the Arab world, and the largest in Western Asia and the Middle East. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south. Bahrain is an island country off its east coast. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates Saudi Arabia from Egypt and Israel. Saudi Arabia is the only country with a coastline along both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland, steppe, and mountains. Its capital and largest city is Riyadh. The country is home to Mecca and Medina, the two holiest cities in Islam.
Pre-Islamic Arabia, the territory that constitutes modern-day Saudi Arabia, was the site of several ancient cultures and civilizations; the prehistory of Saudi Arabia shows some of the earliest traces of human activity in the world. The world's second-largest religion, Islam, emerged in what is now Saudi Arabia. In the early 7th century, the Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of the Arabian Peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to parts of Central and South Asia in the east) in a matter of decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517), and Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates, as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia, Africa, and Europe. | Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait |
What are the names of Tata trusts which Ratan Tata heads? | Ratan Tata was the interim chairman of Tata Sons. He continues to head the main two Tata trusts Sir Dorabji Tata and Allied Trusts and Sir Ratan Tata Trust and their allied trusts, with a combined stake of 66% in Tata Sons, Tata group's holding company.He has served in various capacities in organizations in India and abroad. He is a member of Prime Minister's 'Council on Trade and Industry' and the 'National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council'. He is on the jury panel of Pritzker Architecture Prize – considered to be one of the world's premier architecture prizes.Over the years Tata has served on the Cornell University Board of Trustees, personally advising the school's administration in matters of international involvement, particularly regarding projects connected to India. More broadly, Tata has served on the board's Academic Affairs, Student Life, and Development Committees. In 2013 he was named Cornell Entrepreneur of the Year.He is a director on the boards of Alcoa Inc., Mondelez International and Board of Governors of the East–West Center. He is also a member of the board of trustees of University of Southern California, Harvard Business School Board of Dean's Advisors, X Prize and Cornell University. He is a member on the board of International Advisory Council at Bocconi University.He is also a member of the Harvard Business School India Advisory Board (IAB) since 2006 and previously a member of the Harvard Business School Asia-Pacific Advisory Board (APAB) 2001–2006.[citation needed]In 2013, he was appointed to the board of trustees of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.In February 2015, Ratan took an advisory role at Kalari Capital, a venture capital firm founded by Vani Kola.In October 2016, Tata Sons removed Cyrus Mistry as its chairman, nearly 4 years after he took over the reins of the over $100 billion conglomerate, Ratan Tata made a comeback, taking over the company's interim boss for 4 months. On 12 January 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was named as the chairman of Tata Sons, a role he assumed in February 2017. | Sir Dorabji Tata and Allied Trusts and Sir Ratan Tata Trust |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Her boyfriend’s dreary taste in furnishings is said to be the spark that first set Chrissie Rucker off in pursuit of all things white. Faced with the fusty brown and burgundy upholstery in his flat in Fulham, West London, she rushed to the shops to find replacements in more neutral tones, but struggled when it came to buying good quality bed linen in the purest of whites. She didn’t know it at the time, of course, but that day in 1993 marked the moment Rucker began to dream of setting up a shop selling everything in white. Scroll down for video . Chrissie Rucker is the founder and director of The White Company and is pictured here with a selection of her products . More than two decades on, the 46-year-old founder of The White Company is one of the UK’s wealthiest businesswomen having transformed what began as a 12-page mail-order catalogue selling white towels and bed linen into a home furnishings and fashion empire. Her business sells everything from £20 scented candles to £200 cashmere jumpers, and while she has branched out to shades such as ‘biscuit marl’ and ‘cloud grey’, Rucker remains obsessed with all things pale. Her white revolution has seen sales soaring at her 53 High Street stores — even the Queen has sent out her ladies-in-waiting to buy bedspreads — and has spread across the Atlantic where she launched a U.S. website last year. Latest figures show that the mother-of-four’s company made pre-tax profits of £6.5 million last year — an increase of 38 per cent. Her position on the Sunday Times Rich list has climbed steeply from 427th to 326th. She and her husband’s combined wealth is estimated at £295 million. Aside from the money pouring into company coffers, Rucker owns three stunning properties, all decorated from roof to floor in her trademark sweeping white interiors. There’s a £12.5 million 17th-century manor house in Buckinghamshire, set in 51 acres of parkland, a £4 million townhouse in London’s fashionable Holland Park and what is widely regarded to be the finest property in the Swiss Alps, Haus Alpina, a luxury chalet with full-time staff which Rucker rents out for a staggering £26,000 a week. Chrissie, pictured at her Buckinghamshire home, realised she had found a gap in the market when she was looking to decorate her future husband's house all in white . Even at Rucker’s main residence, the country mansion, the only flashes of colour you’ll see are the bright pony rosettes awarded to her horse-mad daughters. All in all, it’s a rather surprising state of affairs for a woman who disappointed her parents by leaving school at 16 with six O-levels and signing up at the Lucie Clayton finishing school which promised to prepare girls for marriage, society and ‘the season’. However, it was not long before Rucker decided she wanted to do something more interesting with her life than flutter her eyelashes at eligible young bachelors on the London social circuit. Indeed, the statuesque blonde’s path to fortune is rather more colourful than her dazzling white shops might suggest. Belinda Christian Rucker, as she was named by her parents, was born in 1968 into an illustrious military family — her maternal grandfather, Sir Harold Pyman, was Commander-in-Chief of Allied Forces in Europe and a recipient of the Knight Grand Cross and Distinguished Service Order. The daughter of commodity broker, Patrick Rucker, Chrissie, as she was known, grew up in Kent and attended £5,275-a-term Combe Bank School in Kent. Her parents divorced, and aged seven, she and her younger sister, Jo, went with their mother Rosemary, a horse breeder, to live with their new step-father, estate agent Jeremy Calcutt. Those days, she recalled, were happy but chaotic. ‘My mother was really only interested in her horses,’ she said, ‘so the stables were immaculate, the house a tip.’ Chrissie's husband, Nick Wheeler (pictured), set up his shirt company, Charles Tyrwhitt, in 1986 while a geography student at Bristol University . It was all a far cry from the vision Rucker would later create of domestic interiors as a haven of white and light. Her early ambitions lay in fashion. While at Lucy Clayton she studied dressmaking and design. But as a teenager in London in the late Eighties, Rucker seemed intent on immersing herself in a ‘Sloane Ranger’ lifestyle. In 1987, she was a debutante at the Savoy hotel’s Berkeley Ball, where she and fellow socialite and fashion journalist Plum Sykes were among a select bunch of girls chosen by judges including hairdresser Vidal Sassoon and fashion designer Jean Muir to appear in the Berkeley Dress Show. Even at Chrissie and Nick's home in Buckinghamshire (pictured) you will see only flashes of colour, mainly in the bright pony rosettes awarded to their horse-mad daughters . Wedding dress designer Anneliese Sharpe, who was also on the judging panel, recalls that even among the ‘incredibly beautiful, leggy’ girls who paraded in front of her, desperate to be picked, 18-year-old Rucker stood out. Cannily, she used her introduction to Sharpe to ask for work experience. ‘Chrissie used to come every day,’ says Sharp. ‘She was completely different from the other debutantes. She was incredibly hard-working with no airs and graces.’ However, Rucker decided that life as a designer was not what she wanted after all. She began work at Conde Nast, the owner of several glossy magazines including Vogue and Tatler, first as a receptionist, then as a fashion assistant. She enrolled on a journalism course, later describing it as a ‘complete waste of time’, and flitted from there to Clarins, where she worked as a PR girl. She was poached from there by Harper & Queen’s health and beauty editor Tina Gaudoin in 1991. Gaudoin recalls: ‘She was so efficient and impressive, I said: “Are you interested in coming to work for me?” She dropped off her CV at 5am. I was so struck by her ability to be focused and unflappable that I hired her as my assistant. She has a great humility about her, which I find extraordinary, bearing in mind she is so successful.’ By the time she met her future husband, Rucker was still struggling to work out exactly what she wanted to do with her life. But although she fell in love with Old Etonian Nick Wheeler, she did not feel the same way about his taste in interiors. Chrissie (pictured) used a £6,000 legacy from her grandmother to launch The White Company in March 1994 . According to Rucker herself: ‘I thought; “This is my chance. I’ll show him what excellent wife material I am.” So I went shopping and kitted it out — I bought white bed linen, white towels, white china, white napkins and white bathrobes. But I just found it impossible to buy plain white sheets on the High Street. ‘The only place you could get them was in department stores and shopping there was a horrible experience. All the salesgirls would look at you snootily, as if to say: “You can’t afford this.”’ While Rucker believed she had spotted a hole in the market, her husband-to-be was perfectly placed to advise her when it came to launching her own business. Chrissie (pictured) grew up in Kent and attended £5,275-a-term Combe Bank School before going on to the Lucie Clayton finishing school . Wheeler had set up his shirt company, Charles Tyrwhitt, in 1986 while a geography student at Bristol University. ‘I don’t think I would have done it if it hadn’t been for Nick,’ Rucker later claimed. ‘He guided me through the process, helped me write my first business plan.’ She began by calling up London department stores, pretending to be a journalist writing articles on homeware while ascertaining that up to 50 per cent of their sales involved white linen. She also quizzed PRs, manufacturers and friends. Chrissie (left) was inspired to start The White Company in 1993 after being faced with the fusty brown and burgundy upholstery of her future husband, Nick's (right) flat in Fulham, West London . ‘My mission was to bridge the gap between first-class designer quality and what was affordable without the big designer margins,’ she has said. Rucker used a £6,000 legacy from her grandmother to launch The White Company in March 1994. Wheeler gave her £5,000 in return for a 25 per cent stake, and she also received a £50-a-week enterprise grant. She produced her first mail-order catalogue, a 12-page leaflet, on a computer in Wheeler’s attic, delivering her first orders in her sister Jo’s Mini Metro. The company was an instant hit, turning over £258,000 in its first year, but Rucker remained committed to hard graft, working 16-hour days, right up until the birth of her first child. Chrissie is pictured here at home with her children; Ella, Tom, Bea and India, when they were younger . Since then, The White Company has gone from strength to strength. In 2010, Rucker was made an MBE for services to the retail industry, attracting mirth among some palace officials because of the black outfit that she wore to receive the honour at Windsor Castle. She and her husband — together with their four children aged from ten to 18 — now reap the rewards of their entrepreneurial spirt. They almost split up when he failed to propose during a romantic holiday in Thailand the year Rucker launched her business. Upon returning to the UK, a feisty Rucker gave him his marching orders, storming into his office and returning his £5,000 investment in cash. In 2010, Rucker was made an MBE for services to the retail industry (pictured) attracting mirth among some palace officials thanks to her all black outfit . A shell-shocked Wheeler left the money on the roof of his sports car and drove off without it. When the couple did finally marry in 1995, Rucker gave him back one per cent of the company as a wedding gift. As a 99 per cent stake-holder, however, it is Rucker who remains at the head of a retail empire which has revolutionised tastes in home furnishings, a woman who continues to live and breathe the colour that made her a multi-millionaire. ‘For me, white is timeless and always very relevant,’ she insists. ‘Wherever you live, whatever your style, white works.’ Additional reporting: Simon Trump . | Chrissie Rucker was inspired by her boyfriend's house in 1993 . She realised she had found a gap in the market for white home furnishings . She used £6,000 inheritance to launch The White Company in March 1994 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)If the wheel was man's greatest invention, putting two wheels together comes as a close second for Dani Foffa, CEO of Foffa Bikes. His eponymous company builds bespoke urban bicycles with a stylish design that has been lauded by magazines like Vogue and GQ. London-based Foffa tracks his passion for cycling back to his childhood in Venice, Italy, where biking in the city's winding narrow streets was a rare treat. He spent his early professional career as a business analyst, before a nagging feeling that there was more to life encouraged him to start designing and building bikes, initially from his office garage. "I started refurbishing vintage bikes up and reselling them online. And the demand just grew very gradually, steadily, to the point that it was time for us to get our own brand in the bikes, and open up our first shop. I took my chances, I quit my job, and clearly I have no regrets," says Foffa. His company has built over 5,000 bespoke bikes since 2007, and they were named as one of the ten best commuter bikes by The Independent, a UK newspaper. Foffa says that he was encouraged to start the company when he saw a gap in the market for comfortable bicycles designed for cycling in the city, which also looked good. "In the same way that we decide what to wear, we think that the bicycle should be an extension of your personality," says Foffa. He adds that he always relished the sense of liberty that biking afforded him, and wants to introduce the simple pleasure of a bike ride to as many people as possible. "Bikes are great for the environment, great for the health, they are the quickest and probably the cheapest way of commuting around town. And they link with that sense of adventure, that freedom that comes with it, which no other invention, as far as I'm concerned, was able to offer me." | Dani Foffa was a business analyst before starting a bike company . His Foffa Bikes design and manufacture urban bicycles . They have been named as one of the ten best commuter bikes by The Independent, a UK newspaper . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Defender Ben Gibson is hoping England Under 21s' 3-2 friendly victory over Germany was a dress rehearsal for a European Championship finals showdown. Both sides will head for the Czech Republic during the summer as manager Gareth Southgate attempts to guide the Young Lions to glory, and England will do so having got the better of their German counterparts with a 3-2 win at the Riverside Stadium on Monday evening. Southgate's men had to come from behind twice to set the stage for a late decisive push, and Middlesbrough's Gibson is hoping that will stand them in good stead for the finals tournament. Ben Gibson (right) is hoping England 21s' 3-2 victory against Germany will boost the team's confidence . James Ward-Prowse wheels away in celebration after scoring the winner in England' 3-2 victory . He said: 'Germany were always going to be a good side. You know they are going to be technical and strong, and that's what they were. But we thought we could match them - we did that and ended up getting the result. 'We are hoping we will play against them at some point either in the semi-final or final in the Euros - that would be nice. It would be another tough game. 'They are a good side, so for us to get the win, that was the important thing.' The win against Germany was England's third against fellow finalists with Portugal and the hosts having already succumbed at their hands, and while Southgate is confident progress is being made, he is taking nothing for granted. England were heading towards defeat before Nathan Redmond's strike on 79 minutes . He said: 'We have got depth, which really excites me because I don't think you can go to a tournament relying on a couple of players. 'We have shown across the campaign - we started with the likes of Raheem [Sterling] in, we have had Luke Shaw in, we have had to win matches without all of these players at different times, without Harry [Kane], without Saido [Berahino], and they have kept doing it. 'And then new players have emerged, people like Jesse [Lingard] , who has come back from injury and who has got great potential; Alex Pritchard has just come into the squad. 'The 23, I am probably reasonably clear on 21. There are a couple of places that still, in my mind, people are playing for, but I know whoever goes is totally committed. There won't be any loafing around, there won't be any lads who feel it's a chore to go. England boss Gareth Soutgate looks on during the friendly clash at the Riverside Stadium . 'They'll be in there backing their team-mates, and again, that's important going into a tournament.' England's players had to back each other throughout a testing 90 minutes on Teesside during which impressive Kaiserslautern striker Philipp Hofmann fired the visitors into a 15th-minute lead and after Manchester United winger Lingard, currently on loan at Derby, had levelled, restored their lead five minutes after the restart. But there was to be a twist and after Norwich's Nathan Redmond had made it 2-2 10 minutes from time, skipper James Ward-Prowse capped a fine individual display with an 82nd-minute winner, to the delight of a crowd of 30,178. Jess Lingard (centre) races off to celebrate his first goal for England's Under 21s . The England youngsters celebrate Ward-Prowse's later winner in front of the Riverside crowd . It proved the perfect conclusion to the perfect evening for Gibson, representing his country on his own home ground. He said: 'It was a fantastic occasion. Not just to represent your country, but to do it on your home ground is a bit of a dream come true. 'It was a fantastic moment and the fans were brilliant. I got a great reception and I can't thank them enough for that.' | England Under 21s defeated Germany Under 21s 3-2 on Monday night . Southampton's James Ward-Prowse scored an 82nd-minute winner . Defender Ben Gibson hopes the win will boss England's confidence . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kumar Sangakkara joined Sachin Tendulkar in an exclusive club Sunday, becoming only the second batsman to pass 14,000 career runs in one-day international cricket. The 37-year-old Sangakkara was playing against four-time champion Australia in a World Cup match at the Sydney Cricket Ground when he passed the milestone in his 402nd ODI. He turned Glenn Maxwell for two runs down legside to reach 39. He stroked consecutive boundaries off the subsequent two deliveries and reached his 94th ODI half century from 45 balls. Kumar Sangakkara (right) is congratulated by Tilakaratne Dilshan after reaching 14,000 ODI runs . The Sri Lankan batsman reached the milestone during his 24th ODI century against Australia on Sunday . Sangakkara hit unbeaten centuries in his previous two World Cup matches against Bangladesh and England. India great Tendulkar holds the record with 18,426 ODI runs. Sangakarra flick a ball away during another excellent innings, but it was in vain as Sri Lanka were beaten . Only Sachin Tendulkar has more ODI runs than Sangakkara, but the Indian great is still 4,000 ahead . | Sri Lankan star joins Sachin Tendulkar as only batsmen to reach milestone . Kumar Sangakkara hit his 24th One Day International century in defeat . Sangakkara has played 402 ODIs for Sri Lanka . |
When do schools close for summer vacation in Cameroon and Nigeria? | Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays.
In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August.
In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August.
In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October. | In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The artist who painted Bill Clinton's portrait for the National Gallery claims that there's more to the painting than meets the eye. Pennsylvania artist Nelson Shanks said that he slipped a Monica Lewinsky reference into the full-body portrait because the scandal was something he could never get 'completely out of his mind'. The painter said that the reference to former President Clinton's affair with the former White House intern was in the shadows of the painting, in the form of her infamous blue dress. Presidential: The full-body painting of Bill Clinton debuted in the National Portrait Gallery in 2006 (pictured above). The painter of the portrait, Nelson Shanks, has said that the dark space under the mantle represents the scandal involving White House intern Monica Lewinsky which cast a shadow over Clinton's time in office . Scandal: Circled on the left, there's a shadow under the mantle that's in the silhouette of a dress. The portrait caused a stir at the time it was debuted as well, because it as though Clinton is not wearing a wedding band . 'If you look at the left-hand side of it there's a mantle in the Oval Office and I put a shadow coming into the painting and it does two things,' Shanks told Philly.com. Shadow: Lewinsky's infamous blue dress that she claimed held DNA evidence of their affair . He added: 'It actually literally represents a shadow from a blue dress that I had on a mannequin, that I had there while I was painting it, but not when he was there. 'It is also a bit of a metaphor in that it represents a shadow on the office he held, or on him.' Shanks, who's painted portraits of Princess Diana and Pope John Paul II, also said that Clinton was the 'most famous liar of all time'. The portrait caused controversy when it first was revealed in 2006 because it looks like Clinton is not wearing a wedding band, according to the New York Daily News. And according to Shanks, the Clintons 'hate the portrait' and are 'putting a lot of pressure' on the National Portrait Gallery to remove it. But a spokeswoman for the gallery has denied those accusations. When the painting was first debuted in 2006, it seemed as though Bill Clinton was quite pleased. 'I think the painting really feels like Bill Clinton,' he said then, according to the Washington Post. 'It has - I would not call it swagger... What? An informality? A looseness, a relaxed nature.' Shanks's most famous works include Princess Diana, Margaret Thatcher, Ronald Reagan and Luciano Pavarotti. His works spanned political and religious leaders, musicians and composers, actors and more. Controversy: Shanks (right) claims that he could never get Bill Clinton's controversy with Monica Lewinsky (left) 'completely out of his mind', especially when he was creating the portrait . He is a realist whose keen observation skills can be seen in his paintings that have an acute sense of detail, with wrinkles on hands and creases in pants. In 2009 the artist was awarded the Gold Medal for Lifetime Achievement by the Portrait Society of America, while in 2011 he was voted an honorary member into the Russian Academy for his works of art. Shanks said because of the Lewinsky controversy, Clinton was the hardest person for him to paint. Lewinsky, who was 22 when she started interning at the White House claimed to have sexual relations with Clinton nine times between 1995 and 1997. Clinton initially swore under oath that he ‘did not have sexual relations’ with Lewinsky but later admitted that he had misled the American public. Clinton famously said he 'did not have sexual relations' with Lewinsky when she claimed they had had relations nine times between 1995 and 1997 . Lewinsky revealed her relationship with the president involved oral sex but not sexual intercourse. She famously kept a blue dress which she claimed held DNA evidence of their affair. In late July, 1998, Monica had to turn a dress over to Kenneth Starr's investigators after signing an immunity agreement. A blood sample was taken from Clinton on August 3, and on August 17, the FBI reported its conclusion that Clinton was the source of the semen on the dress 'to a reasonable degree of scientific certainty.' Clinton, however, was found not guilty and though he was impeached, he remained in office. And with speculations that Clinton's wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, might launch her 2016 presidential bid in April, Bill Clinton could be back in office within two years. | Painter Nelson Shanks claims he put shadow of a dress in Clinton's portrait . He said it represent Monica Lewinsky's infamous blue dress and the cloud the scandal cast on Clinton's time in office . The painting first debuted in the National Portrait Gallery in 2006 . It caused controversy at the time because it looks like Clinton's not wearing a wedding band in the painting . Shanks claims that Clinton family 'hates the portrait' and wants it removed . |
From the passage list down the various continental confederations under FIFA. List the results in comma separated format. | Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is to score more goals than the opposing team by moving the ball beyond the goal line into a rectangular-framed goal defended by the opposing team. Traditionally, the game has been played over two 45-minute halves, for a total match time of 90 minutes. With an estimated 250 million players active in over 200 countries and territories, it is considered the world's most popular sport.
The game of association football is played in accordance with the Laws of the Game, a set of rules that has been in effect since 1863 and maintained by the IFAB since 1886. The game is played with a football that is 68–70 cm (27–28 in) in circumference. The two teams compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal. When the ball is in play, the players mainly use their feet, but may use any other part of their body, except for their hands or arms, to control, strike, or pass the ball. Only the goalkeepers may use their hands and arms, and only then within the penalty area. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner. Depending on the format of the competition, an equal number of goals scored may result in a draw being declared, or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout.
Internationally, association football is governed by FIFA. Under FIFA, there are six continental confederations: AFC, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, OFC and UEFA. National associations (e.g. The FA or JFA) are responsible for managing the game in their own countries both professionally and at an amateur level, and coordinating competitions in accordance with the Laws of the Game. The most senior and prestigious international competitions are the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA Women's World Cup. The men's World Cup is the most-viewed sporting event in the world, surpassing the Olympic Games. The two most prestigious competitions in European club football are the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Women's Champions League, which attract an extensive television audience throughout the world. The final of the men's tournament has been, in recent years, the most-watched annual sporting event in the world. | AFC, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, OFC, UEFA |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Prince Bishop, a 14-1 long shot, stormed from the back of the field to secure a shock victory in the the Dubai World Cup. With just over half of the world's richest horse race gone Prince Bishop, ridden by jockey William Buick, trained by the UAE's Saeed bin Suroor and owned by Dubai's Crown Prince, was in last place and looked well out of contention. Huge heart . But an astonishing second half of the race saw the eight year old storm to the front, overtake race favorite California Chrome, and somehow pull away to win by a full four lengths and secure the $10 million prize. "He was slow away from the gate and we had a lot of ground to make up," Buick admitted in an interview after the race. "We got onto the back of California Chrome on the last turn. Prince Bishop has a huge heart and he gave me his all today. I'm dreaming. I'm waiting to wake up." No match . All the pre-race talk had centered on favorite California Chrome, trained by American Art Sherman. Last year saw California Chrome come close to winning the prestigious Triple Crown after winning the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes. But despite looking well placed going into the final straight, California Chrome was no match for Prince Bishop's superb late burst. $2 million . "He lost a lot of ground on both turns, but he ran his eyeballs out. I'm just happy he comes back home in one piece," Sherman said after the race. "He tried every inch of the way. It was great. I enjoyed it very much. It is way different to anything anyone can believe. It is something you have to see once." Sherman will not feel too bad for long. Second place still scoops a cool $2 million. | Prince Bishop wins Dubai World Cup . The UAE owned horse was a 14-1 long shot . Favorite California Chrome finished second . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A man who walked off a Qantas flight after he realised an asylum seeker was on board being deported is taking the airline to a tribunal because the airline banned him from flying after the incident. Paul Leary, 51, decided to leave the February 2 flight from Melbourne to Darwin before the flight took off, after an asylum seeker advocate on the plane began protesting the deportation. Mr Leary learned he was on the same flight as a 25-year-old Tamil asylum seeker, known as Puvaneethan, when he arrived at Melbourne Airport to see advocates handing out flyers, and when the female protester refused to sit down as the plane prepared for take-off. Scroll down for video . Paul Leary, 51, made a personal decision to leave the flight he had boarded from Melbourne to Darwin on February 2 but has now been banned from flying with Qantas . Mr Leary said he and a colleague felt faced with a 'moral dilemma.' His female colleague decided she was not comfortable being on the plane and Mr Leary stood by her and also decided not to fly. ‘We couldn’t have been politer. We were travelling for business, we’ve both got executive roles in the organisation we work for… we were not aggravating or inciting other people,’ Mr Leary told Daily Mail Australia. ‘The protester was probably 20 seats behind us.’ Mr Leary and his colleague pressed the assistance light above their seats and a Qantas stewardess came over to speak with them. ‘My colleague courageously and in a polite gesture stood up and pressed the call button. When the Qantas steward came over she indicated she was not comfortable with what was going on,’ Mr Leary explained. They were told to wait and eventually a federal police officer came aboard the aircraft. Mr Leary’s colleague told the stewardess she wanted to leave. ‘I stood up and said “can you explain what’s going on?” and they said the woman is protesting and we are going to have a discussion and I said “look I think I’ll get off too”,’ Mr Leary said. When he and his colleague were back inside the airport the federal police took their details but no one from Qantas informed them at that point of any kind of flight ban. It wasn’t until Mr Leary was returning from Darwin four days later after catching a flight with a different airline that he attempted to return to Melbourne with Qantas and was told he was subject to a no-fly ban. Paul Leary was issued with this 'no fly notification' after he walked off a flight from Melbourne to Darwin which was carrying an asylum seeker thought to have been taken for deportation . ‘A manager came over and said “you are involved in a security review and won’t be flying today”,’ Mr Leary recalled. He was told to email Qantas security to find out more but when he did that straight away he claims he did not hear anything back. After six hours he managed to catch a flight with a different airline. ‘I still didn't hear anything by Monday and the only response I got was to submit a customer care complaint,’ he added. After Mr Leary submitted his complaint he then received a formal letter on February 16 informing him of his ban. ‘As a result of your actions on board QF838 from MELDRW on 2nd February, we have decided to issue you a No Fly Notification - Until Further Notice while the incident is investigated,’ Qantas wrote. ‘Your actions are unacceptable and will not be tolerated by the Qantas Group or the Jetstar Group. ‘A Qantas Customer Care Representative will make contact with you upon completion of the investigation to advise you of the outcome,’ the airline said. Mr Leary said he has not been able to find out what the review process entails or if Qantas are going to refund the cost of his flights to his employer. Mr Leary and his colleague have also been banned from flying with Jetstar and Qantas affiliates . Flyers were handed out at Melbourne airport asking the public to save asylum seeker Puvaneethan from torture . ‘It’s like a Kafkaesque situation where you just find out the result at the end,’ he said. The letter spells out how Mr Leary cannot ‘travel on any flight operated by a member of the Qantas Group or the Jetstar Group or travel on any codeshare flight operated by another airline (including Emirates) that has a Qantas or Jetstar flight number, such as “QF” or “JQ”, on your ticket’. Mr Leary has complained to the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal's human rights division that the ban discriminates against him on the basis of his political belief. His female colleague is also in the process of filing a complaint. ‘Myself and my colleague didn't want to do anything, we thought Qantas are a big company with a good reputation I’ll find out the facts and it will all go away but it hasn’t. ‘If alternatively there was no asylum seeker on the plane and I decided to accompany my colleague off the plane because she was ill I don’t think I’d be banned. ‘So the only reason I can see for this ban is my political beliefs… I’m not a known activist, I never have been. I’m in my fifties, I’m not a radical.’ A Qantas spokesperson told Daily Mail Australia there was a delay in issuing the no fly notification to Mr Leary which is why he did not receive it prior to his next flight. 'A number of passengers were identified as being involved in the on board incident, causing the flight to be delayed by almost an hour,' Qantas said. 'A ‘no fly notification’ has been issued by Qantas to those passengers while the incident is investigated by the AFP. As the incident is under investigation, it is not appropriate to comment further.' | Paul Leary, 51, walked off a Qantas flight from Melbourne to Darwin . An asylum seeker on the flight being deported . Protester aboard the plane objected to deportation, causing flight delay . Mr Leary and a colleague told stewardess they were 'uncomfortable' with situation and wanted to leave the flight . Discovered he was banned when he tried to board another Qantas flight . Qantas says Mr Leary is banned while 'on board incident' is investigated . Mr Leary accuses Qantas of discrimination based on his political beliefs . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A mother-of-one has told of the horrifying moment she and her family checked into a hotel room on the New South Wales' Central Coast, which she described as a 'crime scene'. Sydney woman Melanie, her partner and seven-year-old son booked two nights at the Apollo Resort in Wamberal from February 13 to attend a friend's wedding on booking.com. The cost of staying at the resort was $285 in total. Melanie and her family checked into the Apollo Resort in Wamberal, NSW and found two pairs of dirty underwear . The first signs of trouble came when the young family were escorted to their room up 'terribly old-looking staircase' and saw the dirty marks on the walls of the 'dimly lit hallway', which scared Melanie's son. When they walked into their room the trio found an empty syringe packet on the floor, white stains on the floor and two pairs of dirty underwear in the bin. But the nightmare did not end there. Melanie said there was a used mini bottle of body wash in the soap tray in the bathroom, a filthy toilet bowl and 'a wasp nest cocoon inside the thick maroon curtains'. The family also found an empty syringe packet on the floor near the bed inside the room . When they lifted up the sheets they found dry rice stuck to the blanket . 'Out on the grubby balcony, there was a bottle cap on the ground from the previous guest, cigarette ash and dirt all over the ground, dirty tiles and incredibly cheap furniture - not a "resort" by any means,' she said. 'I walked into a spider web when opening the door so I turned my phone camera on to look for spiders and the underneath of the small, rusty table was infested with them.' A strong smell of bleach wafted into the room, which Melanie assumed must of been from the 'green and un-swimmable' pool as described by other TripAdvisor reviews. 'Being five months pregnant, I couldn't stand the smell and quickly went back inside,' she said. There were also white stains on the carpet. Melanie described the room as a 'crime scene' The window sills were covered in dirt and dust, and looked like they had not been cleaned in a long time . The final straw was the airconditioner in the room, which smelt 'terrible' when it was turned on. 'My partner opened it up and the filters were full of dust. Our son has bad asthma so we turned it straight off and took a photo of it on my phone,' Melanie said. 'The furnishings were terrible, even the insides of the bedside lampshades were peeling and everything felt unclean. I did not want to touch anything. 'My son told me he was scared and the place was "creepy" and asked if we had to stay there.' Then Melanie's partner found two pairs of underwear in the bin - a 'very worn-out pair of male jocks and a torn, small pink female G-string'. 'I wanted to vomit. We couldn't believe our eyes - no one deserves to go through that - the place should be closed down,' Melanie said. The inside of the lamp was brown and grimy. Melanie said she did not want to touch anything . A small rusty table outside on the balcony was was infested with spiders and cobwebs . Daily Mail Australia has attempted to contact the Apollo Resort. But owners of the hotel told news.com.au their staff cleaned rooms every day. 'In the past, the guests provided us a constructive comments or requests in the Comment Sheet in each of rooms or speak with us directly. We answer it quickly,' a spokesman said. The saga of her trouble with Apollo Resort did not end there for Melanie who left the same day she checked-in. Despite being told by the manager of the hotel she would not be charged a cancellation fee of $285. She received an email the following morning saying the hotel would be charging them for being a 'no show. Melanie found a used mini bottle of body wash on the soap dish inside the shower . There was brown scaling that had not been cleaned up at the bottom of the toilet . On the way up to the room, a dirty hand mark was seen on the wall of the hall way . 'This seemed like a kick in the face from the nightmare we experienced. I immediately responded back to them, and included photos from my phone and explained that we did arrive, we did check-in, then checked back out within 30 minutes as it's not safe for patrons,' she said. 'A few emails went back and forth and eventually [on February 16] I have now received an email saying the hotel has advised we have been cancelled without penalty.' But the incident is not an isolated one. Apollo Resort's TripAdvisor page is full of reviews slamming the hotel. One woman labels it 'Fawlty Towers without Basil' while another reviewer says describing it as 'disgusting is an understatement'. A user named Rochellemaree said her room had 'rodent poo everywhere'. 'Never have I been so disgusted,' she wrote. 'The staff member didn't seem at all surprised or alarmed and offered me another room. 'The airconditioning in the second room was broken and stuck on freezing all night. I had to sleep under a blanket from the second bed. 'The shower door and shower head were filthy and covered in mould. 'In the morning, I pulled out a chair to sit on and it was also covered in rodent faeces.' | Melanie, partner and son checked into Wamberal's Apollo Resort in NSW . They made the reservation through website booking.com for $285 in total . Arriving at their room they found an empty syringe packet on the floor . There were white stains on the floor along with two pairs of undies in bin . The hotel's TripAdvisor page is filled with bad reviews, calling it disgusting . But the hotel said staff cleaned the rooms every day and took on feedback . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Eating too much salt may be bad for your heart – but it can protect against skin infections, research has found. A high-salt diet causes sodium levels to build up in the skin, boosting the immune system to fight off the germs that cause bacterial skin infections, say scientists. In an experiment, German researchers discovered that mice which were fed a high-salt diet healed infections in their feet more quickly. Too much salt may be bad for your heart but it can protect against skin infections, new research found . This is because the salt had raised the activity of immune cells called macrophages, making their immune systems more responsive. The findings, published in the journal Cell Metabolism, may also highlight how salt was once effectively used to ward off infections before antibiotics were invented. Professor Jonathan Jantsch, of the University of Regensburg, said: 'Up to now, salt has been regarded as a detrimental dietary factor; it is clearly known to be detrimental for cardiovascular diseases, and recent studies have implicated a role in worsening autoimmune diseases. 'Our current study challenges this one-sided view and suggests that increasing salt accumulation at the site of infections might be an ancient strategy to ward off infections, long before antibiotics were invented.' High levels of sodium stored in the skin, especially in the elderly, can lead to high blood pressure and increase the risk for heart disease and stroke, worsen autoimmune disease and even increase the risk of stomach cancer. Professor Jens Titze from Vanderbilt University added: 'Despite the overwhelming evidence linking dietary salt to disease in humans, the potential evolutionary advantage of storing so much salt in the body has not been clear.' A high-salt diet causes sodium levels to build up in the skin, boosting the immune system to fight off the germs that cause bacterial skin infections, say scientists . The researchers found that infected areas in patients with bacterial skin infections also showed remarkably high salt accumulation. But in experiments high salt diet mice had increased immunity against microbial infections by boosting the activity of immune cells called macrophages. This meant that mice who had infections in their feet caused by a parasite called Leishmania major were able to heal more quickly. Future studies will examine how salt accumulates in the skin and triggers immune responses, and why salt accumulates in the skin of ageing adults. Professor Jantsch went on: 'A further understanding of the regulatory cascades might not only help to design drugs that specifically enhance local salt deposition and help to combat infectious diseases, but also may lead to novel strategies to mobilise sodium stores in the ageing population and prevent cardiovascular disease. 'We also think that local application of high-salt-containing wound dressings and the development of other salt-boosting antimicrobial therapies might bear therapeutic potential.' But he warned everyone should not rush off and start a high salt diet. He added: 'Due to the overwhelming clinical studies demonstrating that high dietary salt is detrimental to hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, we feel that at present our data does not justify recommendations on high dietary salt in the general population. 'Nevertheless, in situations where endogenous accumulation of salt to sites of infection is insufficient, supplementation of salt might be a therapeutic option. 'But this needs to be addressed in further studies.' | Research has found eating salt can protect against skin infections . Raised sodium levels boost immune system and fight off germs . Mice with a high-salt diet healed infections in their feet more quickly . Findings by German researchers published in journal of Cell Metabolism . |
According to this passage, what percent of the lithography machine market do Ultratech, Canon and Nikon, MKS Instruments, Lam Research and Cadence Design Systems have in aggregate? | ASML produces the photolithography machines used in the production of computer chips. In these machines, patterns are optically imaged onto a silicon wafer that is covered with a film of light-sensitive material (photoresist). This procedure is repeated dozens of times on a single wafer. The photoresist is then further processed to create the actual electronic circuits on the silicon. The optical imaging that ASML's machines deal with is used in the fabrication of nearly all integrated circuits and, as of 2011, ASML had 67 percent of the worldwide sales of lithography machines.
ASML's competition consisted of Ultratech, Canon and Nikon, MKS Instruments, Lam Research and Cadence Design Systems.[citation needed] | If ASML has 67 percent of the worldwide sales of lithography machines and if Ultratech, Canon and Nikon, MKS Instruments, Lam Research and Cadence Design Systems represent their sole competition, than these companies must share the remaining 33 percent of the market. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | After 11 years with the Arizona Cardinals, veteran defensive end Darnell Dockett will remain in the NFC West after signing a two-year deal with the San Francisco 49ers. Coming off an ACL tear which ruled him out for the entire 2014 season, the exuberant 33-year-old has vowed to become the Comeback Player of the Year. The deal, worth $7.5million, will see $4m paid in the first season and $2m guaranteed, according to ESPN NFL Insider Adam Schefter. Darnell Dockett missed the entire 2014 season after suffering an ACL injury in training camp . He leaves the Cardinals after posting 459 tackles, 40.5 sacks, 12 fumble recoveries, seven forced fumbles and four interceptions. Dockett joins new head coach Jim Tomsula and a 49ers defense which could be without 15-year veteran Justin Smith, who is considering retirement. | Docket signed a two-year, $7.5m deal with the Cardinals' NFC West rivals . Dockett missed all of the 2014 season after tearing his ACL during training camp in August . Before that, he missed two games in 10 seasons . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Shane Long may have had to recover from fracturing his ribs lately but his vocal chords seem to be as good as ever. The Irishman was filmed serenaded his Southampton team-mates with a brilliant rendition of Bob Marley's hit 'No woman, no cry'. Long's team-mate Ryan Bertrand posted a video of the injured Saints striker on his Instagram account showcasing his impressive vocal range. Shane Long showcased his superb vocal and guitar skills in front of his Southampton team-mates on Thursday . Ryan Bertrand (right) posted a video of Long's performance on his Instagram account . Long (right) suffered fractured ribs during the FA Cup fourth round defeat against Crystal Palace in January . Long has been out of action since late January when he was forced off in the second half of Southampton's FA Cup fourth-round exit to Crystal Palace. The Republic of Ireland forward collided with Palace defender Joel Ward during the 3-2 loss resulting in the injury. The former Cork City player and his Southampton team-mates are currently in Switzerland for a mid-season team break. Ronald Koeman's side have dropped off the pace in the race for the top four recently, and their Dutch boss has seen fit to organise a three-day football-free trip to the Swiss Alps. Long tweeted from his hospital bed reassuring fans that he was on the road to recovery after the injury . Southampton's squad pose for a photo with manager Ronald Koeman (back, centre) in Davos, Switzerland . With a weekend off after being knocked out of the FA Cup and having slipped to four points behind fourth-placed Manchester United, the Southampton players have an 11-day gap to chill out before next Saturday's league visit to leaders Chelsea. The Dutch boss hopes his side can refocus and regain energy ahead of the final push in their last 10 league games of the season. 'It’s a big achievement what we have until now,' he said. 'There are still ten games and we know we will fight until the last second to keep the highest position in the table that is possible.' James Ward-Prowse (front) uploaded an image to Instagram of the Southampton team, including Long (second left) on the plane to Switzerland for their mid-season break . | Shane Long has recovered after fracturing his ribs . Long suffered the injury during Southampton's FA Cup fourth round defeat by Crystal Palace in January . Southampton are currently on a mid-season break in Switzerland . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It's fair to assume David Beckham owns a host of match-worn shirts handed to him by some of football's biggest stars following a 20-year playing career but it seems son Brooklyn is starting a collection of his own. Beckham Jnr attended Chelsea's Champions League clash against his father's former side Paris Saint-Germain on Wednesday night and managed to get his hands on Zlatan Ibrahimovic's shirt. Posting an image of the jersey to his Instagram account, the 16-year-old said: 'Thanks Zlatan Ibrahimovic for the shirt. And well played.' Brooklyn Beckham thanked Zlatan Ibrahimovic after getting his hands on the PSG star's match-worn shirt . Brooklyn and his father David watched Wednesday's match as Chelsea were knocked out of Europe . The PSG frontman was dismissed in the first-half for a challenge on Chelsea midfielder Oscar. However, despite being down to 10 men for the majority of the match, Laurent Blanc's side progressed to the Champions League quarter-finals as Thiago Silva's extra-time goal sealed a 2-2 draw and sent the French side through on away goals. It seems Brooklyn was supporting the Ligue 1 side and will have been pleased with the result on Wednesday night, posting an image of the match unfolding at Stamford Bridge with the caption: 'PSG, PSG, PSG, PSG'. Brooklyn, looking to follow in his father's footsteps as a footballer, played for Arsenal's youth side this year but has missed out on the offer of a professional contract. Paris Saint-Germain striker Zlatan Ibrahimovic is shown the red card after a collision with Chelsea's Oscar . The PSG forward immediately acknowledged his fault in the incident having collided with Oscar . | PSG beat Chelsea on away goals to progress in the Champions League . David Beckham and son Brooklyn watched the match at Stamford Bridge . Beckham Jnr thanked PSG star after receiving Ibrahimovic's shirt . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A suicide attacker detonated a car bomb near a police vehicle in the capital of southern Afghanistan's Helmand province on Tuesday, killing seven people and injuring 23 others, the province's deputy governor said. The attack happened at about 6 p.m. in the Bolan area of Lashkar Gah city, said Mohammad Jan Rasoolyar, deputy governor of Helmand. Several children were among the wounded, and the majority of casualties were civilians, Rasoolyar said. Details about the attacker's identity and motive weren't immediately available. | Car bomb detonated near police vehicle in Lashkar Gah, deputy governor says . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Leicester City winger Anthony Knockaert is discussing a potential Bosman move to Standard Liege. The Frenchman, who is out of contract at the end of the season, is free to talk to overseas clubs and has been to Liege to check out the facilities and discuss personal terms. Knockaert, 23, has made only five starts for Leicester this season and has not featured since the FA Cup win at Tottenham Hotspur in January, when he was an unused substitute. Leicester City's Anthony Knockaert (left) has held talks over a move to Belgian side Standard Liege . The French winger is one of 10 players reaching the end of their contracts with the Foxes . Knockaert is one of ten first team players out of contract at Leicester as well as Esteban Cambiasso, Matt Upson, Paul Konchesky, Gary Taylor-Fletcher, Dean Hammond, Marcin Wasilewski, Conrad Logan, Paul Gallagher and Zoumana Bakayogo. Meanwhile, the Foxes have rejected approaches for striker Tom Lawrence from an astonishing nine clubs. The former Manchester United forward has barely played for Leicester since arriving from Old Trafford in the summer but manager Nigel Pearson wants to have all options available as he battles against the odds to keep Leicester in the Premier League. The Foxes have rejected bids from nine different clubs for striker Tom Lawrence (right) | Anthony Knockaert is one of 10 players out of contract at end of season . French winger has held talks with Belgium club Standard Liege . The Foxes have rejected bids from nine clubs for Tom Lawrence . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | West Bromwich Albion boss Tony Pulis has been named the Barclays Premier League manager of the month for February. The Baggies were unbeaten in their four league matches and kept clean sheets in three of them as they beat Swansea and Southampton and drew at Sunderland and at home to Burnley. Pulis has guided West Brom to 13th in the table, eight points clear of the relegation zone, since taking over in January. Tony Pulis has guided West Brom towards safety since taking over in the New Year . Feb 8: Burnley 2-2 West Brom . Feb 11: West Brom 2-0 Swansea . Feb 21: Sunderland 0-0 West Brom . Feb 28: West Brom 1-0 Southampton . The award is Pulis' second after his previous success came in April last season, when he was in charge at Crystal Palace. He said: 'It's a fabulous month and we needed a month like that really to give us the impetus hopefully to push on and get the points that we need. Brendan Rodgers - Liverpool . Garry Monk - Swansea . Steve Bruce - Hull . 'There are 10 games to go and were are still desperately in need of the points – 10 more points, if we can get 10 more points we get to 40 points, we'll be OK. 'The supporters will be absolutely delighted for us just to get through this. 'I think they understand and they know there will be lots of changes at the end of the season right through the club, so we just need to get through this period.' On Saturday, Pulis welcomes his former club Stoke, now managed by Mark Hughes. The Potters also enjoyed a successful February with the only blot a 4-1 defeat to Manchester City as Hughes guided his side to victories over Hull and Aston Villa and a draw at Newcastle. West Brom striker Brown Ideye celebrates his goal against Swansea with James Morrison . | Tony Pulis has revitalised West Brom since taking over in January . Baggies now lie 13th in the Premier League table . West Brom beat Swansea and Southampton last month . Pulis' men also drew with Sunderland and Burnley . Tottenham striker Harry Kane was named player of the month . |
What is tollywood? | Telugu cinema, also known as Tollywood, is the segment of Indian cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Telugu language, widely spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Telugu cinema is based in Film Nagar, Hyderabad. As of 2021, Telugu cinema is the largest film industry in India in terms of box-office. Telugu films sold 23.3 crore (233 million) tickets in 2022, the highest among various film industries in India. | Tollywood is a nickname for movies made by Telugu cinema in India. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)It was a ding, just a "minor concussion," that got Chris Borland thinking that playing football might not be worth the millions that come with being an NFL player. Borland was a rookie linebacker in his first training camp in August when he got his "bell rung," he told ESPN's "Outside The Lines." What did he do? He kept playing that day, and through an excellent rookie season. But the thought of the permanent damage that might be happening to him kept nagging at him. He talked to his teammates and family, read about concussions and their effects, each day coming closer to the decision that he finally announced this week. At age 24, not even yet in his prime as an NFL player, Borland told his team he was retiring because he was worried about the long-term effects of head trauma. "I just honestly want to do what's best for my health," he told ESPN. "From what I've researched and what I've experienced, I don't think it's worth the risk. ... I'm concerned that if you wait (until) you have symptoms, it's too late." It was after that self-described "minor concussion" in the preseason that Borland threw himself into researching what had happened to other football players. In the end he didn't want to leave his teammates in a bind, but, "I know this is right for me." He said teammates' reactions to his retirement were mixed. One of his best friends told him that he was crazy to walk away from the money. Borland, a third-round pick from Wisconsin, had signed a nearly $3 million contract for four seasons with the San Francisco 49ers and banked a $600,000 bonus. The guys who wanted him to come back would say to the 49ers top tackler, "That's a lot of money. Why don't you get your money and get out," Borland recounted to ESPN. The thought made him uncomfortable because he doesn't want to do anything just for a big paycheck. He didn't want to be wrong when it comes to this: "Who knows how many hits are too many?" Borland is one of a handful of players to retire young but possibly the first to retire before concussions became an issue for him. He's also now part of a shift in thinking about what repeated head injuries can do to an athlete. Reports show an increasing number of retired NFL players who have suffered concussions developed memory and cognitive issues such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease, depression and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE. "For me, it's wanting to be proactive," Borland said. "I'm concerned that if you wait (until) you have symptoms, it's too late. There are a lot of unknowns. I can't claim that 'X' will happen. "I just want to live a long, healthy life, and I don't want to have any neurological diseases or die younger than I would otherwise." Passionate reactions to his decision came quickly, with many supporting him. Others say that while the move might be smart for Borland, and even encourage other players to speak out and stand up for their health, there will always be plenty of guys eager to replace players like him. Borland told ESPN that he wasn't saying no one should play football. He said youth players and their parents should do things: 1) Get informed about concussions and 2) Never let anyone play . Last August, thousands of former NFL players and their families reached a deal in a class-action suit that called for the NFL to cover the cost of concussion-related compensation, medical exams and medical research for retired players and their families. The suit alleged that the NFL deliberately misled players about scientific data that the medical community had found about the risks associated with concussions. In July 2014, a federal judge granted preliminary approval to the landmark deal but she has yet to give final approval to the settlement. Chris Dronett was one of the plaintiffs. Her husband, former Denver Bronco Shane Dronett, committed suicide in 2009 when he was 38. After his death, scientists found evidence of CTE in his brain. Borland named three players he said made him rethink a life in the NFL. "I've thought about what I could accomplish in football, but for me personally, when you read about Mike Webster and Dave Duerson and Ray Easterling, you read all these stories. And to be the type of player I want to be in football, I think I'd have to take on some risks that as a person I don't want to take on," he said. Webster had a career with the Pittsburgh Steelers and Kansas City Chiefs from 1974 to 1990. He was the first former NFL player to be diagnosed with CTE. After he retired, he was diagnosed with amnesia, dementia, depression, and bone and muscle pain. He was 50 when he died. Duerson killed himself with a gunshot to the chest. He had sent a text to his family asking that his brain be sent to Boston University School of Medicine, which was researching CTE. BU neurologists confirmed the NFL veteran had the disease. Easterling, who played eight seasons with the Atlanta Falcons, committed suicide in 2012. He apparently suffered dementia. An autopsy revealed he had CTE. Some on social media said Borland's decision made them think about former NFL linebacker Junior Seau. He was 43 when he was found dead with a gunshot wound to the chest. Friends and family members say multiple concussions were to blame for the suicide, but an initial autopsy report found no apparent brain damage. Portions of Seau's brain were sent to the National Institutes of Health, which found "abnormalities ... that are consistent with a form" of CTE. He will be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame this summer. The NFL has reported that in 2013, 228 concussions were diagnosed from practices and games. At least 261 were diagnosed the previous year, the league said. In its statement about Borland's retirement, Jeff Miller, the NFL's senior vice president for health and safety, said: "We respect Chris Borland's decision and wish him all the best. Playing any sport is a personal decision. By any measure, football has never been safer and we continue to make progress with rule changes, safer tackling techniques at all levels of football, and better equipment, protocols and medical care for players." Miller added that the league understands there is more work to do to improve player safety. Complaints keep coming. In July of last year, ex-NFL players Christian Ballard and Gregory Westbrooks filed suit against the NFL Players Association, alleging the union withheld information about head injuries. Opinion: Why are these NFLers retiring early? CNN's Jill Martin contributed to this report. | Chris Borland tells ESPN that "I know this is right for me" San Francisco 49ers linebacker quits, citing players with concussion disorder, says he wants to "be proactive" Some former players who suffered from conditions related to concussions have committed suicide . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)England footballer Adam Johnson has been suspended by his club Sunderland until a police investigation has been completed, the Press Association reported Monday. Sunderland's statement made no mention of why Johnson had been arrested, but earlier on Monday, a northeast England police force confirmed a 27-year-old man was in custody "on suspicion of sexual activity with a girl under 16," though Durham Constabulary would not confirm if the individual in question was the Sunderland player. "He remains in police custody and is helping officers with their inquiries," added the statement, referring to the 27-year-old man. "Sunderland AFC has confirmed that Adam Johnson has been suspended from the club, pending the outcome of a police investigation. No further comment will be made at the present time," the club told the Press Association. English Premier League club Sunderland refused to comment when contacted by CNN over the arrest of the 27-year-old Johnson. The last of his 12 international appearances for the senior England team was in August 2012. He started his career with Sunderland's local rival Middlesbrough, making his debut at the age of 17, and was sold to Manchester City for a reported fee of £7 million ($10.8 million) in early 2010. Johnson helped City to win the 2011-12 Premier League title but was bought by his hometown team Sunderland for a reported £10 million ($15.3 million) at the start of the following season. | A 27-year-old man arrested on "suspicion of sexual activity" with a 15-year-old girl . British media report the man in question is England footballer Adam Johnson . Johnson plays for English Premier League team Sunderland . |
How did Ella Tromp begin her political career? | Ella Tromp's political career began in 1989. She worked as an employee in the cabinet of the Prime Minister. On 9 March 1991 she was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary in the first cabinet of Nelson Oduber, a position which she held until 1 March 1993. She was the first woman in the history of the country to hold this position. She was also the first woman to be appointed as Minister of Finance, which she served as during Oduber's second cabinet. During her tenure as Minister of Finance, from 1993 to 1994, there was a quarrel between coalition members of the ruling government, which led to early elections and a shortened term. Despite this, she maintained firm control over government spending and for the first time in Aruba's status aparte period the country had a budget surplus. | Ella Tromp began her political career working in the cabinet of the Prime Minister in 1989. After two years she was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary in the first cabinet of Nelson Oduber, and was the first woman in the history of the country to hold that position. She then became the Minister of Finance in 1993, a role she served in until 1994. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Chelsea are considering a renewed bid to sign Raphael Varane from Real Madrid this summer. Jose Mourinho is a confirmed admirer of the France international centre-back and is willing to test Real Madrid's resolve to hold onto the 21-year-old. Jose Mourinho feels Chelsea need a commanding centre-half like Raphael Varane . Varane is valued at £40million by Real Madrid president Florentino Perez and was signed after being persuaded by Zinedine Zidane that Madrid was where his future lay. However, Varane has grown frustrated this year with Carlo Ancelotti preferring Pepe and Sergio Ramos as his centre-back pairing when fit. Manchester United are also keeping tabs on Varane after losing out to Real Madrid in 2011. Real Madrid have slapped a £40m price tag on French defender Varane . Age: 21 . Appearances: Lens 23/Goals 2; . Real Madrid 76 (20)/5; France 17/1 . Varane has been labelled Real Madrid's Lion and former France defender Frank Leboeuf believes he has the potential to be better than Real Madrid legend Fernando Hierro . Varane signed a new six-year contract at the start of the season . The 21-year-old has grown frustrated with Carlo Ancelotti preferring Pepe and Sergio Ramos as his centre-back pairing when fit . Sir Alex Ferguson was keen to sign him from Lens and the Old Trafford club will challenge for his signature again should Madrid show a willingness to deal. Mourinho has concerns about the centre of his defence. Gary Cahill has sometimes looked uneasy against European opposition while John Terry is 34. Kurt Zouma has done well this season but is still inexperienced and Varane is already an assured performer at international level. Chelsea captain Terry will be given a new one year contract while Branislav Ivanovic, who is 31, has 16 months left on contract. The Blues also have Andreas Christensen and Tomas Kalas in reserve but both lack big game experience. Jose Mourinho has concerns over John Terry and Gary Cahill in the centre of his defence . Kurt Zouma, aged 20, has forced his way into the first team this season . | Chelsea ready to test Real Madrid's resolve over Raphael Varane . Jose Mourinho wants to sign a defender with big game experience . Manchester United are also keeping tabs on the 21-year-old defender . CLICK HERE for all the latest Chelsea news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Prime Minister Tony Abbott has thanked Australian defence personnel and others who served in Afghanistan. In an address at the welcome home ceremony in Canberra, the prime minister said Afghanistan was a better place for the service of about 35,000 Australians. He said the war in Afghanistan had ended not with victory or with defeat, but with hope for a better Afghanistan and a safer world. Scroll down for video . Australia's involvement in Afghanistan, called Operation Slipper, spanned 13 years, from October 2001 to the end of 2014 . A Royal Australian Navy sailor and his partner listen to The Last Post . An Australian Navy soldier pays respect for fallen comrades during a parade to mark the end of Operation Slipper . Australia's involvement in Afghanistan, called Operation Slipper, spanned 13 years, from October 2001 to the end of 2014. During Australia's longest war, 41 personnel died, 262 were seriously wounded and hundreds of others suffered unseen wounds. Mr Abbott said in a past war, Vietnam, those who served were not always properly recognised, but it would not be like that for those who served in Afghanistan. 'We are grateful to have you home, we acknowledge your achievements, and we thank you for your service,' he told the large gathering at the Australian War Memorial. Australian Defence Force personnel who served in Afghanistan as a part of Operation Slipper, salute during The Last Post, as they are officially welcomed home during a parade in Canberra on Saturday . An Australian Soldier stands guard during a military ceremony to mark the end of Operation Slipper . In an address at the welcome home ceremony in Canberra, the prime minister said Afghanistan was a better place for the service of about 35,000 Australians . Australian Defence Force personnel who served in Afghanistan as a part of Operation Slipper are officially welcomed home in a parade in Canberra . Tony Abbott lies a wreath in memoriam of fallen soldiers in Afghanistan . During Australia's longest war, 41 personnel died, 262 were seriously wounded . Opposition Leader Bill Shorten said he saluted those who had served in Afghanistan who had brought new honour to the Anzac tradition. More than 2000 soldiers, sailors and airmen plus members of government agencies and veterans marched past the Australian War Memorial. Defence head Air Chief Marshal Mark Binskin said Australian personnel had given new hope to the people of Afghanistan. 'We can never repay the debt of those who served,' he said. | Prime Minister Tony Abbott thanked Australian defence personnel and others who served in Afghanistan . He said Afghanistan was a better place for the service of about 35,000 Australians . During Australia's longest war, 41 personnel died, 262 were seriously wounded . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An exodus of GPs leaving to work abroad or take early retirement means surgeries across England are in crisis, experts warned last night. The number of family doctors applying to work in Australia, Canada and other countries where they can earn more for fewer hours has jumped by 40 per cent in just five years. And around 22,400 GPs – more than half of England’s 40,200 family doctors – want to retire before the usual age of 60, separate figures show. Lured away: Online ads promises British doctors ‘more money’ and ‘great earning potential’ if they leave Britain for Australia (file image) Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt described the situation as worrying and promised to make ‘important changes’ to the NHS to ease the pressure on GPs. Some surgeries in Cumbria are so desperate for staff they are paying locum GPs £850 a day to stand in, a new BBC Inside Out documentary has discovered. It follows the Mail’s revelation last week how one practice, in Swinton, South Yorkshire, was making patients wait four weeks for an appointment. Krishna Kasaraneni, a GP at the Crown Street Surgery, told Inside Out that three of its doctors had moved to Australia and Canada since last summer due to ‘unsustainable daily pressure’. The programme, being broadcast tonight, also obtained figures from the General Medical Council that revealed 792 GPs were given ‘Certificates of Good Standing’ last year to allow them to practise abroad. This compares to 576 in 2008 and 562 in 2009. Crisis: Some surgeries in Cumbria are so desperate for staff they are paying locum GPs £850 a day to stand in, a new BBC Inside Out documentary has discovered (file photo) The NHS is currently advertising in medical magazines in Australia to try to lure back British doctors, promising a ‘fully funded induction and returner scheme’. On top of the exodus to foreign climes, 56 per cent of GPs ‘definitely’ or ‘probably’ expect to leave the profession before their 60th birthday, according to a survey of 1,004 family doctors carried out by Inside Out. Dr David Jones, 46, who formerly practised in Manchester, moved to Perth, Western Australia, over a year ago. He said: ‘We arrived in November 2013. It’s wonderful here. We do 45 hours a week and weekends are off to enjoy the sunshine. I’m very, very proud of what my colleagues at home do. They do an incredibly difficult job. They get assaulted from all sides. ‘I do feel guilty to some extent. When a government invests so much money in a profession you are a national asset to that country. But the way that asset is being treated in that country, it’s just pushing people away. It’s reached a point where people are just saying no, I’m not doing this any more. ‘We shouldn’t be here. Had our profession been looked after as it should have been we wouldn’t think about leaving.’ The website GP Jobs in Australia promises British doctors ‘more money’ and ‘great earning potential’. It adds: ‘Typical earnings start from £145,000 and rise to £195,000 per annum after a few years’ experience.’ But it says doctors working in rural locations can earn ‘considerably more’, adding: ‘Compared to the NHS, there’s less hassle, less bureaucracy, more medicine and money.’ Younger doctors are not plugging the gaps, with up to one in eight GP training posts unfilled. They are instead choosing the more attractive career paths as hospital specialists or surgeons. The situation has become so dire that 1,063 GPs are needed just to return to the patient-to-doctor ratio of 2009, according to separate figures released by the House of Commons Library. Under the previous Labour government, GPs benefited hugely by a new contract that saw average salaries soar to £105,000 a year and enabled GPs to opt out of evening and weekend work. But many doctors now say they are dismayed by the volume of paperwork, the demands of the ageing population and the insufficient funds given to surgeries by the Government. Mr Hunt said yesterday: ‘What I hope GPs recognise is the things they’ve said to us are worrying them are being addressed. 'They said they didn’t like the targets they have, what are called the QOF targets, and we’ve reduced those by 40 per cent. ‘They said they needed more money to invest in their premises and we put in this extra money in the Autumn Statement. ‘These things don’t happen overnight so I would urge people to bear with us while we make these really important changes. Shadow health secretary Andy Burnham said: ‘David Cameron promised to put GPs at the heart of the NHS – but instead caused a new GP recruitment crisis. It is getting harder and harder to get a GP appointment as a result.’ | Online ads promises British GPs more money for less hours in Australia . Number of doctors applying to work abroad has jumped by 40 per cent . More than half of England’s family doctors want to retire before 60 . |
What rank did Elvis Presley hold in the US Army? | Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), often referred to mononymously as Elvis, was an American singer, actor and sergeant in the United States Army. Dubbed the "King of Rock and Roll", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century. His energized interpretations of songs and sexually provocative performance style, combined with a singularly potent mix of influences across color lines during a transformative era in race relations, led him to both great success and initial controversy. | Elvis Presley held the rank of sergeant in the United States Army. |
From the passage provided, extract the total corporate debt of Adani group | Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include port management, electric power generation and transmission, renewable energy, mining, airport operations, natural gas, food processing and infrastructure.
In April 2021, Adani Group crossed US$100 billion in market capitalization, and in April 2022 it crossed the $200 billion mark, in both cases becoming the third Indian conglomerate to do so, after Tata Group and Reliance Industries. In November 2022, it reached $280 billion (INR 24 trillion) surpassing Tata Group. Adani subsequently lost more than $104 billion of market capitalization after fraud and market manipulation allegations by short-seller firm Hindenburg Research. The Adani Group has also attracted other controversies due to various reports of irregular practices. More than 60 percent of the Adani Group's revenue is derived from coal-related businesses. The company's corporate debt totaled $30 billion in 2022. | Adani groups corporate debt totaled $30 billion in 2022 |
Is there a way to prevent type 1 diabetes? | There is no known way to prevent type 1 diabetes. Treatment with insulin is required for survival. Insulin therapy is usually given by injection just under the skin but can also be delivered by an insulin pump. A diabetic diet and exercise are important parts of management. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Complications of relatively rapid onset include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and damage to the eyes. Furthermore, since insulin lowers blood sugar levels, complications may arise from low blood sugar if more insulin is taken than necessary. | There is currently no way to prevent type 1 diabetes. Treatment by injection or by an insulin pump is required for survival. |
Where is Hawaii? | Hawaii (/həˈwaɪi/ (listen) hə-WY-ee; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi [həˈvɐjʔi] or [həˈwɐjʔi]) is a state in the Western United States, about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the U.S. mainland in the Pacific Ocean. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state in the tropics. | Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean, about two thousand miles from the west coast of North America |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Switcheroo: Wisconsin governor Scott Walker changed his tune in an interview on Sunday . Governor Scott Walker once envisioned a world where the 11 million immigrants living in the country illegally could embark on a path to citizenship. But now the Wisconsin Republican calls that position 'amnesty' and says his view has changed. 'I don't believe in amnesty,' Walker told Fox News Sunday. 'My view has changed. I'm flat out saying it. Candidates can say that.' Walker, who emerged this past week in the top tier of potential candidates for the Republican presidential nomination for 2016, says the U.S. needs to secure the border and ultimately put in place 'a legal immigration system that works.' That means, in part, putting the onus on employers and getting them the tools to do that, like E-Verify, an existing federal program that allows businesses to check the immigration status of new hires, Walker said. Walker told the Wausau, Wisconsin, Daily Herald newspaper in 2013 that 'it makes sense' when he was asked whether he could see a world where 'those people' could get citizenship, with the right penalties, waiting periods and requirements in place. At the time, he supported a bipartisan approach to overhauling immigration, with people waiting to get citizenship having priority and others having a legal pathway to live here legally. Walker also said Sunday that President Barack Obama or 'anybody else who is willing to put their name on the ballot certainly has to have the love for country to do that.' Walker drew criticism last month after former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani questioned Obama's patriotism during a speech at a Walker fundraiser. When asked about the former mayor's comments, Walker sidestepped the question by saying he hadn't asked Obama about his love of country. | Wisconsin governor once favored plan whereby undocumented people could become US citizens . But admitted in interview on Sunday that 'my view has changed' Change of heart follows Obama's controversial executive action on issue . |
Given this paragraph about Sam Baker, what is the Outland Trophy? | Baker attended the University of Southern California, where he played for coach Pete Carroll's USC Trojans football team from 2003 to 2007. He was a first-team All-American as a redshirt sophomore in 2005.
He was on the official 2006 watch list for the Lombardi Award and the Outland Trophy for the best lineman. In his collegiate career Baker blocked for Reggie Bush and Matt Leinart. He was named a first-team All-Pacific-10 Conference selection by the league's coaches in 2005 and 2006. He was a recognized as a consensus first-team All-American, having received first-team honors from the Football Writers Association of America, Sporting News and CBSSports.com.
Going into his fourth year as a starter, Baker was on the Lombardi Award and Outland Trophy watch lists. He was ranked as one of the "Top 20 Players Heading Into 2007" by Sports Illustrated. Before his final season in 2007, Baker was already regarded by most NFL scouts as a certain top-five player in the 2008 NFL Draft. | The Outland Trophy is given to the best offensive lineman in college football. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Having seen their Champions League campaigns for the current season end Borussia Dortmund this weekend step up attempts to be back in Europe's elite competition next season. Dortmund's 3-0 defeat at home to Juventus on Wednesday night means they now have the biggest challenge on their hands to get back into the competition next season. They travel to Hannover on Saturday needing to make up 12 points on the top four in the final nine games of the season, or eight points to qualify for the Europa League. Jurgen Klopp looks on as his side were beaten 3-0 by Juventus in the Champions League on Wednesday . Carlos Tevez (left) was the star for the Serie A side as they ran out comfortable winners at Borussia Dortmund . Both look unlikely with the absence of European football potentially for the next 18 months a sobering thought for Dortmund manager Jurgen Klopp. 'I've already drawn a line under this game and started to forget about Juventus,' the German said. 'There's nothing good about getting knocked out of the Champions League. Okay, so we don't have any more midweek games, but that's an advantage that we don't necessarily want. 'Nevertheless, we will use it for training.' Fernando Torres scored the winning penalty as Atletico Madrid knocked out Bayer Leverkusen . Schalke beat Real Madrid 4-3 in the second leg at the Bernabeu but ultimately lost the tie on aggregate . Fellow Bundesliga side Bayer Leverkusen suffered a heart-breaking defeat to Atletico Madrid on penalties on Tuesday in the Champions League last-16, a week after Schalke were eliminated despite winning 4-3 at Real Madrid. Schalke and Leverkusen lie fourth and fifth respectively and they meet on Saturday evening in a clash that could be pivotal in terms of qualifying for next season's competition. While runaway leaders Bayern Munich can secure their place in the Champions League next season by beating Borussia Monchengladbach on Sunday, if Leverkusen drop points at Schalke. | Borussia Dortmund thrashed by Juventus in Champions League last-16 . Jurgen Klopp's side 12 points off fourth in Bundesliga with nine games left . Schalke and Leverkusen set for pivotal qualification clash on Saturday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An artist from Seattle has created a form of street art that is guaranteed to brighten up your rainy day. Rainworks, the brainchild of Peregrine Church, is a form of water-activated art that only becomes visible when it is raining. Its inventor came up with the concept when he discovered superhydrophobic coating – a nanoscopic surface layer that repels water. Peregrine Church has developed art that will make people's rainy days feel a whole lot better . He claims that he was intrigued by the numerous viral videos that featured the miracle substance and believed he could create interesting patterns with light and dark contrasts on pavements. Travelling around the streets of his native Seattle, Peregrine sprays through stencils to create motivational messages – that are initially invisible – on the ground. Demonstrating his work in the video, the artist throws a bucket of water onto a piece of inconspicuous pavement and from nowhere a hopscotch appears on the floor. Discussing his work, he says: ‘I make things that make the world a more interesting place like a Rainwork.’ Peregrine sprays through stencils to create motivational messages – that are initially invisible – on the ground . The artist says he hopes his work will 'make the world a more interesting place' Featured on his computer, Peregrine designs a number of feel-good stencils to be used on the street. He notes that Seattle is a place synonymous with rainfall and that his artwork is therefore ideal for the seaport city. Later in the video he discusses his numerous murals and where they can be found in and around Seattle and as far as Olympia. Peregrine was intrigued by the numerous viral videos that featured a miracle substance that protected surfaces from liquids . Two men brave it to pose for a special experiment as they get ready to be covered in paint . It's clear to see which man had the superhydrophobic coating – a nanoscopic surface layer that repels water . He says: ‘The very first one I did said ‘stay dry out there’ and had a bunch of raindrops falling. It was on a bus stop. 'And now there are about 25 to 30 Rainworks out there.’ The video concludes with the artist positively noting: ‘It’s going to rain no matter what, so why not do something cool with it?’ Peregrine uploads examples of his work to his website and the original video can be viewed here. The numerous murals and where they can be found in and around Seattle and as far as Olympia . There are around 25 to 30 Rainworks around Seattle . | Peregrine Church is the brainchild behind the water-activated art form . He came up with Rainworks after discovering a miracle water repellent . The artist sprays motivational murals on roads that appear in the rain . Peregrine's work features in and around the seaport city of Seattle . |
Who are the top 4 in EPL? | The 2000s saw the rise of first Liverpool, and then Arsenal to real competitiveness, Chelsea finally breaking the duopoly by winning in 2004-05. The dominance of the so-called "Top Four" clubs. Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United saw them finish at the top of the table for the bulk of the decade, thereby guaranteeing qualification for the UEFA Champions League. Only three other clubs managed to qualify for the competition during this period: Newcastle United (2001–02 and 2002–03), Everton (2004–05) and Tottenham Hotspur (2009–10) – each occupying the final Champions League spot, with the exception of Newcastle in the 2002–03 season, who finished third.
Following the 2003–04 season, Arsenal acquired the nickname "The Invincibles" as it became the first, and to date, only club to complete a Premier League campaign without losing a single game.
In May 2008, Kevin Keegan stated that "Top Four" dominance threatened the division: "This league is in danger of becoming one of the most boring but great leagues in the world." Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore said in defence: "There are a lot of different tussles that go on in the Premier League depending on whether you're at the top, in the middle or at the bottom that make it interesting."
Between 2005 and 2012 there was a Premier League representative in seven of the eight Champions League finals, with only "Top Four" clubs reaching that stage. Liverpool (2005), Manchester United (2008) and Chelsea (2012) won the competition during this period, with Arsenal (2006), Liverpool (2007), Chelsea (2008) and Manchester United (2009 and 2011) all losing Champions League finals. Leeds United were the only non-"Top Four" side to reach the semi-finals of the Champions League, in the 2000–01 season. There were three Premier League teams in the Champions League semi-finals in 2006–07, 2007–08, and 2008–09, a feat only ever achieved five times (along with Serie A in 2002–03 and La Liga in 1999–2000).
Additionally, between the 1999–2000 and 2009–10 seasons, four Premier League sides reached UEFA Cup or Europa League finals, with only Liverpool managing to win the competition in 2001. Arsenal (2000), Middlesbrough (2006) and Fulham (2010) all lost their finals.
Although the group's dominance was reduced to a degree after this period with the emergence of Manchester City and Tottenham, in terms of all-time Premier League points won they remain clear by some margin. As of the end of the 2021–22 season – the 27th season of the Premier League – Liverpool, in fourth place in the all-time points table, were over 300 points ahead of the next team, Tottenham Hotspur. They are also the only teams to maintain a winning average of over 50% throughout their entire Premier League tenures. | Arsenal, Liverpool, Manchester United and Chelsea are know as the "Top Four" in the English Premier league. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Online music videos are to be given age ratings in a bid to protect children from explicit images and lyrics. Top artists including Sam Smith, George Ezra and Joss Stone could see their music videos handed 12, 15 or 18 certifications under the government-backed pilot scheme. The British Board of Film Certification, which is running the initiative, has estimated that one in five videos released will be deemed unfit for those under 12. Video sharing sites YouTube and Vevo have signed up to the scheme and pledged to include the warnings on clips uploaded to their sites. Vevo puts the rating in the top corner of the video, while YouTube includes it in the information beneath . However some of the world’s raunchiest performers, such as Miley Cyrus and Rihanna, are not covered by the scheme and there are no measures in place to enforce the guidelines . Rapper Dizzee Rascal has already seen his video ‘Couple of Stacks’ rated 18 under the initiative. Ellie Goulding’s ‘Love Me Like You Do’, recorded for the film Fifty Shades of Grey, was handed a 15 warning and Kasabian’s ‘Stevie’ was rated 12. But even with these ratings in place, there is nothing to stop younger music fans stumbling across the inappropriate clips which often include sexual imagery, violence and obscene language. Only videos released by the British arms of Sony Music UK, Universal Music UK and Warner Music UK are covered by the scheme and the companies are free to choose which videos they want to submit for certification. This means videos from artists such as Miley Cyrus, Nicky Minaj and Rihanna, who are not signed to those labels and are known for their raunchy videos, will not be included in the ratings system. Video sharing sites YouTube and Vevo have signed up to the scheme and pledged to include the warnings on clips uploaded to their sites. Vevo puts the rating in the top corner of the video, while YouTube includes it in the information beneath. However, there are no checks to make sure the person watching is of the correct age. YouTube is the world’s most popular video sharing platform, with one billion worldwide users. It hosts videos for the vast majority of musicians. Some of the world’s raunchiest performers, such as Miley Cyrus and Rihanna, are not covered by the scheme and there are no measures in place to enforce the guidelines . A spokesman for Vevo said: ‘There is no signing in as such or filters – although this is a next step that may be added in time. At the moment this is about giving parents and users the information they need to make a more informed viewing choice and decision. To be effective it requires that parents also take an active interest in what their children are watching.’ Campaigners said last night that the latest move is a ‘fantastic step’ but called for stricter enforcement and for all music videos to carry the ‘kite mark’ of an official age rating to help parents protect their children. The scheme has been running since October last year and has so far seen 84 videos rated, with 27 given a 12 classification, 39 a 15 and one a 18. The BBFC has estimated that one in five videos released will be deemed unsuitable for children under the age of 12. Top artists including Sam Smith, George Ezra and Joss Stone could see their music videos handed 12, 15 or 18 certifications under the government-backed pilot scheme. Dizzee Rascal’s video was given the highest rating because of ‘strong bloody violence, gore, very strong language’. The three and a half minute clip contains extreme violence with the rapper ripping the heart out of a stripping woman, brandishing a knife while covered in blood and decapitating a woman whose body then stumbles around the room. He also holds a family hostage and serves a cake with severed fingers instead of candles. He is shown pulling out a person’s eyeball, slitting one woman’s throat and cutting another’s head in half. Vivienne Pattison, from campaign group Media Watch-UK, said: ‘When parents are surveyed, the two areas that came up as being particularly problematic were soap operas and music videos, those are the two areas that come up again and again as the issue. One in five, that’s a huge number of videos. 'What happens is one video pushes the boundaries and the next artists is under pressure to do the same in order to get people talking about it. It becomes a great merry-go-round and I think that is a fantastic illustration of exactly where this is gone, it’s quite extraordinary. ‘It’s not a magic bullet but it’s a fantastic step and I think it will really make a difference. I don’t know where we will end up down the line but I would like this to act as a kite mark for music videos. This is not a move about censorship, the videos will all still be there, but I think artists and record companies need to take seriously that if they are targeting young fans they have got to do it responsibly.’ On the lack of enforcement of the ratings, she said: ‘You can’t go into a shop and buy a 15 rated film without ID and we need to see about extending those protections online.’ Dizzee Rascal’s video was given the highest rating because of ‘strong bloody violence, gore, very strong language’. The three and a half minute clip contains extreme violence . | Videos from artists including Sam Smith could be given age ratings online . British certification chiefs say one in five videos deemed unfit for under 12 . YouTube and Vevo pilot the scheme but kids could find videos elsewhere . Only videos released by UK labels count so Miley and Rihanna not covered . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | In the end, it was a birthday treat that took down one of Mexico's most powerful drug lord. Authorities had been monitoring a farm that they believed Servando Gómez Martínez, or La Tuta as he was known among members of the Knights Templar cartel, could possibly he using as a hideout, and thanks to the delivery of a chocolate cake from his girlfriend María Antonieta Luna Ávalos on his birthday, their suspicions were confirmed. Mexican security forces moved in on the hideout in Morelia, Michoacán on February 27, and were able to capture Martinez without firing a single shot. Scroll down for video . Servando Gómez Martínez (above), Mexico's most-wanted drug lord, was captured by authorities hiding out on a farm on February 27 . Authorities were able to locate him as they had been monitoring the farm (above), and grew suspicious when his girlfriend dropped him off a birthday cake . Martinez, known as La Tuta, was the head of the Knights Templar cartel, and previously worked as an elementary school teacher . The Washington Post reports that it was not just the cake that confirmed the location of Martinez, but also the communication habits of one of his most trusted messengers. While Martinez, 49, never used a cell phone, one messenger did, and would frequently communicate on his device travelling to and from the farm. Unbeknownst to that messenger however, his phone was being tracked. 'Michoacan now is in a better position,' said Federal Police Commissioner Enrique Galindo Ceballos said. 'The important parts of the [cartel] structure are neutralized.' The arrest was also an incredibly big boost for President Enrique Pena Nieto as he tries to deal with the increased gang violence in the country. Though frequently on the move, and at times living in caves to evade the authorities, Martinez still loved the spotlight, and would often release videos in which he criticized the government for supporting other drug cartels. He was also known to hand over cash for favorable press. The elementary school teacher turned drug lord portrayed himself as a hero in the numerous interviews he granted the media, though in recent years the violence inflicted by members of his cartel had become far more vicious, leading to citizens of the country doing everything they could to help law enforcement in their efforts to take down the organization. He frequently granted interviews with the media criticizing the Mexican government, and would pay cash for favorable press . Martinez was also known to hide out in caves (above) to evade law enforcement . The arrest come less than a year after two of the cartel's most violent members, his sons Luis Alfredo Aguilera Esquivel and Huber Gómez Patiño, were captured by authorities. With this arrest authorities now believe the Knights Templar cartel may collapse, as almost all the organization's leaders have been captured. Martinez's group alone, La Familia Michoacana, controlled some 50 methamphetamine labs across Mexico while also making millions from a variety of illegal activities, among them extortion and kidnapping. The United States charged him under the Kingpin Act in 2010, making it illegal for any Americans or American companies to do business with him, and freezing all his assets in this country. Martinez is now being held in a maximum security prison. He had long said that he would rather be killed than put behind bars. Flavio Gomez, Martinez's brother, was arrested during the same raid. | Servando Gómez Martínez, Mexico's most-wanted drug lord, was captured by authorities hiding out on a farm on February 27 . Authorities were able to locate him as they had been monitoring the farm, and grew suspicious when his girlfriend dropped him off a birthday cake . They then tracked a phone used by one of Martinez's most trusted messengers to lead them directly to the hideout . Martinez, known as La Tuta, was the head of the Knights Templar cartel, and previously worked as an elementary school teacher . He frequently granted interviews with the media criticizing the Mexican government, and would pay cash for favorable press . His group, La Familia Michoacana, controlled some 50 methamphetamine labs across Mexico and also made millions from a variety of illegal activities . |
Why is it called the Hawaiian pizza? | The addition of pineapple to the traditional mix of tomato sauce and cheese, along with either ham or bacon, later became popular locally and eventually became a staple offering of pizzerias on a global scale. The name of this creation is, in fact, actually not directly inspired by the U.S. state of Hawaii at all; Panopoulos chose the name Hawaiian after the brand of canned pineapple they were using at the time. | The name comes from the canned pineapple brand |
GIven this paragraph about American film director David Fincher, what are his reported upcoming projects. | In late 2019, Fincher began developing a television prequel to the 1974 film Chinatown with its screenwriter Robert Towne, and he has also expressed interest in eventually making a third season of Mindhunter, which was put on indefinite hold in 2020. In 2023, Fincher confirmed that Netflix will not be making a third season of Mindhunter, saying "I’m very proud of the first two seasons. But it’s a very expensive show and, in the eyes of Netflix, we didn’t attract enough of an audience to justify such an investment [for Season 3]."
In February 2021, it was reported that Fincher will direct an adaptation of the graphic novel The Killer for Netflix, with Andrew Kevin Walker writing the screenplay and Michael Fassbender attached to star. | David Fincher has begun development on a prequel to the 1974 film Chinatown. It has also been reported that he will direct an adaptation of the graphic novel The Killer. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Archaeologists searching for a lost city in the jungles of Honduras have discovered the urban remains of what they believe is a vanished ancient civilization, National Geographic reports. A writer and photographer for the magazine accompanied a team of scientists to Honduras' Mosquitia region on the trail of a legendary "White City" or "City of the Monkey God." The expedition was launched after aerial light detection scanning -- known as LIDAR -- uncovered what appeared to be man-made structures below the rainforest, National Geographic said. Seeking to confirm the discovery, a team of U.S. and Honduran archaeologists, a LIDAR engineer, an ethnobotanist, anthropologists and documentary filmmakers entered the remote region. They were protected by Honduran Special forces, the magazine said. Writer Douglas Preston said the team emerged February 25, after documenting the ruins of a "vanished culture." "In contrast to the nearby Maya, this vanished culture has been scarcely studied and it remains virtually unknown. Archaeologists don't even have a name for it," Douglas wrote. Archaeologists no longer believed in the existence of a single "White City," he said, instead believing there had been an entire civilization with many cities. The expedition found earth works, including an earthen pyramid as well as a collection of stone sculptures, thought to potentially have been burial offerings. Archaeologist Oscar Neil Cruz from the Honduran Institute of Anthropology and History (IHAH) estimated they dated from A.D. 1000 to 1400, Douglas wrote. The researchers were greeted by wildlife which appeared never before to have seen humans, wandering unafraid through their camp. "This is clearly the most undisturbed rain forest in Central America. The importance of this place can't be overestimated," ethnobotanist Mark Plotkin told National Geographic. The team left their finds unexcavated and are keeping the exact location of the site secret in an attempt to prevent looting. But in his article, Douglas warned that that the area was nonetheless under threat, with illegal logging for cattle farming within a dozen miles. IHAH director Virgilio Paredes Trapero told National Geographic that the forest and valley could disappear within eight years unless action was taken. "The Honduran government is committed to protecting this area, but doesn't have the money. We urgently need international support." | National Geographic has announced the discovery of a lost city in the remote Honduran rainforest . The magazine says scientists believe the city belonged to a mysterious ancient civilization . A team documented the site after aerial light scanning showed man-made structures . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Daily Show host Jon Stewart took his life into his hands on Monday night when he entered the wrestling ring to spar with WWE star Seth Rollins. The feud had been simmering between the pair for the past two weeks after current Money In The Bank-title holder Rollins claimed that he could do a better job of hosting the Comedy Central show. Stewart then issued a challenge to Rollins via a cell phone clip before the two men briefly came face-to-face on The Daily Show itself last week when Rollins got Stewart in a headlock. Scroll down for videos . Daily Show host Jon Stewart took his life into his hands on Monday night when he entered the wrestling ring to spar with WWE star Seth Rollins as their feud continued . A feud had been simmering between the pair for the past two weeks after current Money In The Bank-title holder Rollins claimed that he could do a better job of hosting the Comedy Central show . Then as Rollins was about to hit Stewart for his insolence, WrestleMania opponent Randy Orton interrupted proceedings and gave Stewart the opportunity to hit Rollins below the belt in the groin . 'Shut your mouth and bring it,' said Rollins and on Monday night in New Jersey that is exactly what Stewart did. On Monday’s Raw the beef between the two stars had continued as Rollins staged his own version for The Daily Show and called Stewart out to face him. Stewart, a big WWE fan, walked out to the sound of his show's theme music and then confronting Rollins, calling him 'a swat team stripper with Lady Gaga’s hair.' Then as Rollins was about to hit Stewart for his insolence, WrestleMania opponent Randy Orton interrupted proceedings and gave Stewart the opportunity to hit Rollins below the belt in the groin. The pair’s beef started two weeks ago when Rollins had proudly boasted that he had aspirations beyond being 'the future of WWE'. 'Right now, I am the most talented performer in the entire world. I can do whatever I want, whenever I want,' Rollins told the crowd. Then as Rollins was about to hit Stewart for his insolence, WrestleMania opponent Randy Orton interrupted proceedings and gave Stewart the opportunity to hit Rollins below the belt in the groin . As Rollins was about to hit Stewart, WrestleMania opponent Randy Orton interrupted proceedings and gave Stewart time to kick Rollins . 'Hell, if I wanted, I could become president. Or I could take over as host of The Daily Show for Jon Stewart and make that thing actually watchable.' Stewart, who announced last month that he is leaving his award-winning show after 16 years, responded to Rollins with a short video message in which he warned the wrestler that he was messing with the wrong guy. 'Seth Rollins, you've made a lot of mistakes in your life: Being a turncoat to the Shield, being a toady for the Authority, not being able to choose which color your hair should be – but this is the biggest mistake you ever made,' said Stewart. 'You just stepping in a world of hurt, my friend. I'm coming for you Rollins, and you're gonna see it: 160 pounds of dynamite.' Stewart then admitted that 'my bone density is not what it used to be,' and instead declared himself '160 pounds of wood, like a soft wood. My point is you messed with the wrong guy!' 'Right now, I am the most talented performer in the entire world. I can do whatever I want, whenever I want,' Rollins told the crowd. Stewart, who announced last month that he is leaving his award-winning show after 16 years, responded to Rollins with a short video message in which he warned the wrestler that he was messing with the wrong guy . | Daily Show host Stewart took his life into his hands when he entered the wrestling ring to spar with WWE star Seth Rollins as their feud continued . A feud has been simmering after the Bank-title holder Rollins claimed that he could do a better job of hosting the Comedy Central show . As Rollins was about to hit Stewart, WrestleMania opponent Randy Orton interrupted proceedings and gave Stewart time to kick Rollins . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kaka has seen a lot during his 14-year professional career. After making his debut for Sao Paulo as an 18-year-old in 2001 and being snapped up by AC Milan just two years later, the Brazilian has been crowned the best player in the world, won league titles in two countries and conquered the Champions League with the Rossoneri. Here, Sportsmail takes a look at the highs - and a few lows - in his astonishing career. Kaka, pictured in action for Sao Paulo against Atletico Minero in December 2001, made his debut for the club 10 months earlier . Kaka tries to avoid a tackle from Ancona defender Andrea Sussi during his debut for AC Milan on September 1, 2003 . Kaka celebrates with his AC Milan team-mates after sealing the Serie A title in 2004 with a 1-0 win against Roma at the San Siro . Kaka steps up to score his penalty in the 2005 Champions League final against Liverpool but the Reds would emerge victorious . Kaka scores as Brazil beat Argentina 4-1 in the final of the 2005 Confederations Cup in Germany . Kaka scores a stunning individual goal for AC Milan against Manchester United in the Champions League semi-finals on April 24, 2007 . Kaka shows off an 'I belong to Jesus' vest after AC Milan's Champions League final victory against Liverpool on May 23, 2007 . Kaka grins as he lifts the 2007 Ballon d'Or trophy at an event in Paris on Decemeber 2, 2007, following a fine year for AC Milan . Kaka proudly displays his FIFA World Player of the Year award at a gala ceremony in Zurich on December 17, 2007 . Kaka celebrates winning the 2009 Confederations Cup with Brazil and the Golden Ball award for being the top scorer . Kaka smiles as he shows off his No 8 shirt during his official presentation at Real Madrid's Bernabeu stadium on June 30, 2009 . Kaka gets away from Deportivo's Angel Lafita at the Bernabeu during his La Liga debut for Real Madrid on August 29, 2009 . Kaka (centre) is sent off for Brazil during their game against Ivory Coast at the 2010 World Cup . Kaka celebrates becoming the top Brazilian scorer in the Champions League with a goal against Ajax on December 4, 2012 . Kaka celebrates winning La Liga in 2012 with his Real team-mates Xabi Alonso, Sergio Ramos, Esteban Granero, Marcelo and Jose Callejon . Kaka shows off a specially-made shirt to celebrate scoring his 100th goal for AC Milan against Atalanta on January 6, 2014 . Kaka s mobbed by fans as he is presented as s Sao Paulo player during a ceremony in Brazil on July 6, 2014 . Kaka celebrates a goal after returning to his boyhood club Sao Paulo on loan from Orlando City in November, 2014 . Kaka leads out Orlando FC for their first ever game against fellow new franchise New YorK city FC earlier this month . Kaka scores his first goal for Orlando City against New York City on March 8 (left) and runs off to celebrate at the Citrus Bowl (right) | Kaka has played now played in four countries after signing for Major League Soccer side Orlando City last year . He won the Ballon d'Or and the FIFA World Player of the Year award in 2007 while at AC Milan . The Brazilian joined Real Madrid in a £56million deal in the summer of 2009 before returning to Serie A . He has won the World Cup, Champions League, La Liga and Serie A titles during his career . Kaka sat down with Sportsmail's Sam Cunningham in Orlando for an exclusive interview . Kaka picks his top five goals including a memorable solo strike against Manchester United . Cristiano Ronaldo and Ronaldinho make Kaka's dream team... but there's no room for Lionel Messi . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Chelsea goalkeeping coach Christophe Lollichon has revealed that he has found it difficult to see Blues legend Petr Cech reduced to a back-up role at Stamford Bridge. The Chelsea No 1 has enjoyed a stunning career in west London over the past decade, but has been forced to warm the bench this season following the introduction of Belgian star Thibaut Courtois. Cech has performed brilliantly whenever called upon by Jose Mourinho and kept a clean sheet to help Chelsea earn a 2-0 Capital One Cup final victory against Tottenham earlier this month. Christophe Lollichon (left) admits it hasn't been easy to see Petr Cech slip down the pecking order . Long-serving Blues goalkeeper Cech is set to end his 11-year stay at Chelsea in the summer . Lollichon, however, admits it's been tough to see Cech slip down the pecking order. He told the Evening Standard: 'It’s not easy because you’ve got a goalkeeper like Petr who is at the top of his form. 'I have a relationship with Petr, who is a special person. We’ve been working together (at Chelsea) for eight years. Our relationship goes beyond just the sporting side. 'There is always that moment when a young goalkeeper arrives.' Cech poses with team-mate Didier Drogba after Chelsea beat Tottenham in the Capital One Cup final . Jose Mourinho has decided to hand Belgian star Thibaut Courtois a regular spot in Chelsea's starting XI . The French coach, who has been working with Cech for eight years at Stamford Bridge, . Cech looks set to leave Chelsea in the summer after he revealed he does not want to spend another season as understudy to Courtois. While accepting Mourinho's decision, Cech, who can class Arsenal and Real Madrid among his suitors, said the situation could not go on indefinitely. The veteran stopper said recently: 'I don't know what the club's idea will be. It looks like it works well with me and Thibaut as a duo. 'But that can work for one season only. I don't want another one like this,' he added while on international duty for the Czech Republic who play Latvia in a Euro 2016 qualifier in Prague on Saturday.' Petr Cech joined Chelsea in 2004. Here he is presented alongside Arjen Robben and Mateja Kezman . | Petr Cech has seen his Chelsea No 1 spot taken up by Thibaut Courtois . Blues legend has been reduced to back-up role by Jose Mourinho . Cech looks set to leave Stamford Bridge in the summer . READ: Cech reveals he does not want to play second fiddle next season . CLICK HERE for all the latest Chelsea news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)"I will come to Tunisia." It's a bold pledge, some might say. But people across the globe are making that vow despite the deadly attack in the Tunis on Wednesday. Twenty-three people, most of them tourists, were killed after gunmen opened fire inside the Bardo Museum, a stone's throw from the parliament building. The "I will come to Tunisia" social media campaign is aimed at protecting the North African nation's tourism industry -- which is critical to the country's economy. The social media campaign features users holding up signs saying they will travel to the North African country. "I will travel to Tunisia this summer," reads a sign held up by a girl from China. A Dutch man's paper says: "Heroes! I will visit Tunisia and celebrate your Independence Day." Tens of thousands of people online have expressed support and solidarity with #JeSuisBardo ("I am Bardo"), #JeSuisTunisien ("I am Tunisian"), and #PrayForTunisia trending on Twitter. Some one in five Tunisians rely on tourism for their living, the nation's tourism minister said in 2013. Travel warnings in place in the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries could cripple Tunisia's economy. It's a fresh wound after a painful few years in the birthplace of the Arab Spring. Visits to the country dropped significantly after the unrest of the 2010-2011 Jasmine Revolution, but the numbers had been bouncing back before the museum attack. An online advertisement to visit Tunisia, posted long before the attacks, shows people holding hands at some of Tunisia's most treasured landmarks. Human chains form across beaches, mountains, ancient ruins, the desert. The message: "All united to welcome you." This week, those words were repeated in social media. A Tunisian woman, also part of the campaign, holds a sign: "Welcome To Tunisia. We are not terrorists," followed by the hashtag #notafraid. In this online campaign, fear itself is the enemy. A Tunisian lawmaker spoke to that this week, sharing with the world: . "We are not afraid." | Campaign to support Tunisian tourism takes hold on social media . Tourism official: One in five Tunisians depends on tourists to make a living . #JeSuisBardo and #PrayForTunisia are trending . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A drunk driver from Texas arrested on a ninth DWI charge last week injected some irony into his mugshot by wearing a statement T-shirt reading: 'WARNING: I DO DUMB THINGS'. Luciano Gutierrez, 66, of Temple, Bell County, is seen in the police photo looking away from the camera with the message displayed on his chest mimicking a traffic sign design. According to kwtx.com, because of the senior's number of offenses he faces felony penalties which include a maximum fine of $10,000 and ten years in jail. Arrested for ninth DWI charge: Luciano Gutierrez, 66, of Temple, Bell County, is seen in the police photo looking away from the camera with the message displayed on his chest mimicking a traffic sign design . It could also result in his driver's license being revoked for up to two years. Apparently Gutierrez was caught last Thursday on an outstanding warrant stemming from a DWI arrest three months ago. He was promptly booked into Bell County jail but later released after posting a $25,000 bail. The original case was from November 24, 2014. Gutierrez is now set to appear at court for the multiple DWI offenses. Texan authorities have not yet responded to MailOnline's request for comment on the incident. | Luciano Gutierrez, 66, of Temple, Bell County, is seen in the police photo looking away from the camera with the message displayed on his chest . According to kwtx.com , because of the senior's number of offenses he faces felony penalties which include a fine of up to $10,000 and a maximum of ten years in jail . |
How long did the Henry Holst String Quartet last with its original group of members based on this text? Explain your work. | The Henry Holst String Quartet was founded by the Danish violinist Henry Holst in 1931. Holst had studied at the Royal Danish Conservatory under Axel Gade and Carl Nielsen. In 1923, he was appointed leader of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, but in 1931 he moved to Manchester as a Professor at the Royal Manchester College of Music.
The move to Manchester led to the formation of the Henry Holst String Quartet with Charles Taylor (second violin), Herbert Downes (viola) and Anthony Pini (cello). The ensemble was recognised as fine quartet, touring extensively in the UK and broadcasting on BBC Radio. They played a number of times in Liverpool for the Rodewald Concert Society in the 1934 and 1937 seasons.
Ernest Element (2nd violin) and Frank Venton (viola) also sometimes played for the quartet. Herbert Downes left to lead his own quartet in 1935. Charles Taylor also left to found his own quartet and was replaced by Reginald Stead as second violin. Reginald Stead later became the leader of the BBC Northern Orchestra. Anthony Pini joined the London Philharmonic Orchestra in 1932 and was replaced by John C Hock as cellist. The Henry Holst Quartet finally disbanded when Henry Holst formed the Philharmonia Quartet in 1941 at the instigation of Walter Legge to record for Columbia Records. | It lasted for one year before an original member left. The first member to leave was Anthony Pini in 1932. The band was founded when Holst moved to Manchester in 1931. There is one year between these dates. |
From the passage note down the various video categories on YouTube. List the results in comma separated format. | YouTube is an American global online video sharing and social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by Google and is the second most visited website, after Google Search. YouTube has more than 2.5 billion monthly users, who collectively watch more than one billion hours of videos each day. As of May 2019, videos were being uploaded at a rate of more than 500 hours of content per minute.In October 2006, YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion. Google's ownership of YouTube expanded the site's business model, expanding from generating revenue from advertisements alone to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subscription option for watching content without ads. YouTube also approved creators to participate in Google's AdSense program, which seeks to generate more revenue for both parties. YouTube reported revenue of $29.2 billion in 2022. In 2021, YouTube's annual advertising revenue increased to $28.8 billion, an increase in revenue of 9 billion from the previous year.Since its purchase by Google, YouTube has expanded beyond the core website into mobile apps, network television, and the ability to link with other platforms. Video categories on YouTube include music videos, video clips, news, short films, feature films, songs, documentaries, movie trailers, teasers, live streams, vlogs, and more. Most content is generated by individuals, including collaborations between YouTubers and corporate sponsors. Established media corporations such as Disney, Paramount, NBCUniversal, and Warner Bros. Discovery have also created and expanded their corporate YouTube channels to advertise to a larger audience.YouTube has had unprecedented social impact, influencing popular culture, internet trends, and creating multimillionaire celebrities. Despite all its growth and success, YouTube has been widely criticized. Criticism of YouTube includes the website being used to facilitate the spread of misinformation, copyright issues, routine violations of its users' privacy, enabling censorship, their guidelines and how they are implemented, and endangering child safety and wellbeing. | music videos, video clips, news, short films, feature films, songs, documentaries, movie trailers, teasers, live streams, vlogs |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A father in Pittsburgh sought on his own revenge on his daughter's accused rapist. Dustin Moffat, 32, has been accused of raping the young girl multiple times in 2011 when she was just 13, and uploading videos of the act online. He was arrested on Tuesday and charged, and later that day, with a news crew outside Moffat's home, the father of the alleged victim came by and destroyed his car. Scroll down for video . Dustin Moffat (above) has been accused of raping a girl in 2011 when she was just 13-years-old and posting the videos online . Moffat was arrested on Tuesday morning, and later that day the alleged victim's father destroyed his car (above) A television news crew waiting outside Moffat's house filmed the entire incident . According to WTAE, the alleged victim said that Moffat knew she was only 13-years-old at the time and that 'he would wait for her to get off the school bus and that he allegedly threatened to hurt her if she told anyone, claiming that he slapped and choked her.' Authorities discovered the young girl while investigating other cases involvoing Moffat, and 'used evidence lifted from Mocospace, a mobile game community, after the suspect uploaded the acts to the site.' Moffat has also been accused of abuse and stalking by two ex-girlfriends, who both filed protection from abuse orders against him. He is now facing charges of rape, involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, aggravated indecent assault and sexual exploitation of children. He has also had his own daughter since this alleged incident occurred. Moffat's car was left destroyed by the time the man was done . Since the alleged attack took place, Moffat has had a daughter of his own (above) 'We're not friends with the guy. He seems like a normal Joe. You always hear that on the news. I had no sixth sense about it. Nothing like that,' said neighbor Steve Patton. As for Micki Golden, who lives in the house right next to Moffat and has twin girls who are 12-years-old, she said; 'I'm appalled. He lives right there. No, I can't have that.' | Dustin Moffat, 32, has been accused of raping a girl in 2011 when she was just 13-years-old and posting the videos online . The alleged victim said Moffat would wait for her to get off the bus and threatened to hurt her if she told anyone . He was arrested on Tuesday morning and charged with rape, involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, and sexual exploitation of children . Later that day, the alleged victim's father went to Moffat's house and destroyed the man's car right in front of a television crew . |
Based on the reference text, please provide a short bulleted list of 4 popular Halloween activities. | Halloween or Hallowe'en (less commonly known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve) is a celebration observed in many countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Saints' Day. It begins the observance of Allhallowtide, the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including saints (hallows), martyrs, and all the faithful departed.
One theory holds that many Halloween traditions were influenced by Celtic harvest festivals, particularly the Gaelic festival Samhain, which are believed to have pagan roots. Some go further and suggest that Samhain may have been Christianized as All Hallow's Day, along with its eve, by the early Church. Other academics believe Halloween began solely as a Christian holiday, being the vigil of All Hallow's Day. Celebrated in Ireland and Scotland for centuries, Irish and Scottish immigrants took many Halloween customs to North America in the 19th century, and then through American influence Halloween had spread to other countries by the late 20th and early 21st century.
Popular Halloween activities include trick-or-treating (or the related guising and souling), attending Halloween costume parties, carving pumpkins or turnips into jack-o'-lanterns, lighting bonfires, apple bobbing, divination games, playing pranks, visiting haunted attractions, telling scary stories, and watching horror or Halloween-themed films. Some people practice the Christian religious observances of All Hallows' Eve, including attending church services and lighting candles on the graves of the dead, although it is a secular celebration for others. Some Christians historically abstained from meat on All Hallows' Eve, a tradition reflected in the eating of certain vegetarian foods on this vigil day, including apples, potato pancakes, and soul cakes. | Popular Halloween activities include:
1. Trick-or-Treating
2. Going to costume parties
3. Carving pumpkins
4. Watching horror movies |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)If you feel a ripple in the Force today, it may be the news that the official Star Wars universe is getting its first gay character. According to the sci-fi website Big Shiny Robot, the upcoming novel "Lords of the Sith" will feature a capable but flawed Imperial official named Moff Mors who "also happens to be a lesbian." The character is the first gay figure in the official Star Wars universe -- the movies, television shows, comics and books approved by Star Wars franchise owner Disney -- according to Shelly Shapiro, editor of "Star Wars" books at Random House imprint Del Rey Books. | Official "Star Wars" universe gets its first gay character, a lesbian governor . The character appears in the upcoming novel "Lords of the Sith" Characters in "Star Wars" movies have gradually become more diverse . |
Who is David Oliver Siegmund | David Oliver Siegmund (born November 15, 1941) is an American statistician who has worked extensively on sequential analysis.
Biography
Siegmund grew up in Webster Groves, Missouri. He received his baccalaureate degree, in mathematics, from Southern Methodist University in 1963, and a doctorate in statistics from Columbia University in 1966. His Ph.D. advisor was Herbert Robbins. After being an assistant and then a full professor at Columbia, he went to Stanford University in 1976, where he is currently a professor of statistics. He has served twice as the chair of Stanford's statistics department. He has also held visiting positions at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the University of Zurich, the University of Oxford, and the University of Cambridge. | David Oliver Siegmund (born November 15, 1941) is an American statistician who has worked extensively on sequential analysis.
Siegmund grew up in Webster Groves, Missouri. He received his baccalaureate degree, in mathematics, from Southern Methodist University in 1963, and a doctorate in statistics from Columbia University in 1966. His Ph.D. advisor was Herbert Robbins. After being an assistant and then a full professor at Columbia, he went to Stanford University in 1976, where he is currently a professor of statistics.
He has served twice as the chair of Stanford's statistics department. He has also held visiting positions at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the University of Zurich, the University of Oxford, and the University of Cambridge. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)It's the home of British politics, steeped in history, tradition and centuries-old pomp. But could the ornate splendor of the UK's Houses of Parliament be about to offer a solution to London's housing crisis? In all honesty, probably not. However, that hasn't stopped housing campaign group, Generation Rent, from proposing to transform the Palace of Westminster into affordable new homes. The group's eye-catching idea is to move the seat of British democracy from one of London's most exclusive neighborhoods to a new location in the city of Hull, northern England. The vacant House of Commons and House of Lords (the UK's upper legislative chamber) left behind would be converted into 364 flats of varying size and scale with prime office space facing the River Thames. According to a press release on the proposal from Generation Rent, 335 MPs from all over the UK currently rent second homes so they can carry out their parliamentary duties more effectively. They claim expenses for doing so cost the taxpayer £5.26 million ($8 million) in 2013 alone. By moving the seat of government to Hull, a city with the cheapest housing rent in England, millions could be saved in expenses as well as staffing costs, the group claims. Westminster is one of the most expensive boroughs for property in London, according to research from house moving firm, Delivery Quote Compare. The ever-rising cost of property in the UK capital, meanwhile, is making it increasingly difficult for many to buy or rent in central areas of the city. A January report from rental referencing company, Homelet, also found that average rental prices in Greater London were more than double that of those found in the rest of the UK . "We hope our proposal gives MPs a sense of humility and some urgency to ending the housing crisis," said director of Generation Rent, Alex Hilton. Yet even if the Generation Rent proposals were seriously considered, they could come unstuck by the dilapidated state of the parliament building itself. Speaker of the House, John Bercow, said Monday that repairs needed to bring the nineteenth century structure up to scratch could come close to £3 billion ($4.6 billion). A 2012 study entitled "The Restorations and Renewal of the Palace of Westminster" found that the building could suffer permanent damage if work was not undertaken to stem leaks, repair crumbling stonework and remove asbestos. | UK campaign group proposes to transform Houses of Parliament into affordable housing units . Westminster is one of the most expensive boroughs of London for buying or renting property . Parliament could require restoration work totaling $4.6 billion . |
Extract a list of all the administrative departments and function rooms found in the King's Building based on this paragraph. | The King's Building is a Grade I listed building that forms part of the Strand Campus of King's College London in the United Kingdom. Originally named the College Building, the King's Building was designed by Sir Robert Smirke in the course of the College's foundation in 1829. As the founding building, it was built between 1829 and 1831 on land granted to King's College by the Government to complete the riverside frontage of Somerset House.
There are today a total of eight floors in the King's Building: Basement level, Ground level, Levels 1 to 4, Level 4U and Level 6. The King's Building houses a number of administrative departments (Estates & Facilities Offices, Admissions Office, Accommodation and Cashiers' Office), lecture theatres (most notably the Edmond J. Safra Lecture Theatre and Anatomy Lecture Theatre), the College Chapel, the Great Hall, various function rooms (Old Council Room, Committee Room, River Room, Somerset Room, St David's Room), study rooms and a catering outlet. | The administrative departments are Estates & Facilities Offices, Admissions Office, Accommodation and Cashiers' Office. The function rooms are Old Council Room, Committee Room, River Room, Somerset Room and St David's Room |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Victoria police have revealed their romantic side in their search for the owner of a lost wedding ring. The silver wedding band, inscribed with the words 'I love Julie' and a date in 2005, was found on a nature strip in Glen Waverly, south-east of Melbourne. Officers have made it their mission to find the love-struck ring owner after the jewellery piece was handed in to them by a member of the public last week. Officers have made it their mission to find the love-struck ring owner after the jewellery piece was handed in to them by a member of the public last week . 'Glen Waverley police are hoping that love is not lost – even though the ring appears to be,' a spokesperson wrote in a media release aimed at hunting down the former-wearer. 'The ring is silver with a single diamond and appears to be a man's wedding ring judging by the size.' Social media users responded by predicting how the ring ended up in the field and what consequences the owner might face when discovered by the mysterious Julie. Social media users responded by predicting how the ring ended up in the field and what consequences the owner might face when discovered by the mysterious Julie . 'Coming soon: "Glen Waverly male found assaulted for losing wedding ring. Police wish to speak with Julie",' Michael Jon Ovcaric commented on the post. 'She probably cheated on him so he threw it out... Or he could of been drunk and threw it out the window?' Pasi Julian Levae guessed. Victoria police are asking anyone who believes they own the ring or knows who it might belong to to call Glen Waverley police station on 9566 1555. The silver wedding band was found on a nature strip in Glen Waverly, south-east of Melbourne . | A lost silver ring was found on a nature strip and handed in to police . It is inscribed with the words 'I love Julie' and a date in 2005 . Victoria police have shown their romantic side by trying to find the owner . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Wrapped up in a long brightly-colored scarf, which does little to contain her free-flowing curly hair, Nneka sits back quietly as she tries to bring to mind her very first memory of music. "I was a kid," the Nigerian singer finally says, her thoughts traveling back to Warri, the Niger Delta city where she grew up. "While I was doing my domestic work in the house, sweeping, waking up at 5am in the morning, there was this bird [singing] -- and I never forgot the melody," she continues, breaking a warm smile. "Funny wise, like 25 years later I was in Lagos and I heard the same melody -- it was amazing!" Nneka's first musical recollection might be firmly rooted in her birthplace, but the award-winning singer's career was destined to begin thousands of miles away from home -- the daughter of a Nigerian father and a German mother, Nneka moved to Hamburg at the age of 19 to study anthropology. Whilst attending university, she also started exploring her musical talents, and soon found herself performing in various clubs opening up for top reggae and hip-hop names. In 2005, she released "Victim of Truth," a much-lauded debut that fused soulful beats, tasty hip-hop-and reflective ballads with politically-charged lyrics and black consciousness. Since then, she went on to enjoy further chart success, tour extensively and collaborate with global stars like Lenny Kravitz and Damian Marley. And now, the soulful singer is back with a brand new, self-released album -- "My Fairy Tales" is a formidable collection of rich afrobeat grooves, reggae-tinged beats and uplifting rhythms that reaffirm her place as one of the continent's most exciting -- and relevant -- artists. CNN's African Voices caught up with Nneka in London to talk about music, memories and the current situation in Nigeria -- as well as present her with the questions you sent via the #AskNneka and #CNNAfrica hashtags. CNN: In the past, you've dealt with issues ranging from the environment and politics, to religion and love -- what are the themes that you're emphasizing at this moment? Nneka: What is happening in Africa at present concerns me a lot. Boko Haram has always been an issue obviously for the past five, six years -- funny wise, there's a track in the album called "Pray For You" which I recorded when not too many people knew what was going with Boko Haram in the West. I'm talking about the problems and possible solutions, and what are the reasons for the problems that we have. We as Nigerians, we're not united, that has always been the issue... that's our problem, tribalism, and what belongs to whom. I also talk about children and the future, bringing children into this world... Everyone's living in a cage and then you bring your child into that kind of society, where your child is forced to live in fear. People are afraid to express themselves politically, and even in their home -- I remember the way we grew up, I didn't look my father in the eye until I was 22; you call your father "Sir, Sir, Sir" -- apparently it's a form of respect, OK, but respect should not be mistaken with fear. I was afraid and that's the thing, that's the colonial mentality: we mistake fear for respect. He [Goodluck Jonathan] says he wants to tackle Boko Haram, obviously every Nigerian is asking why now, he could had done it a long time ago...but I'm not good at the whole blaming game, I don't want to blame anybody but I pray that he comes up with a good idea for us if he is an honest and genuine guy. But I know that Fela [Kuti] would definitely not be cool with him, Seun [Kuti] is not cool with him, and many other musicians who are very outspoken are not cool with him. CNN: What is the power of music and how can it influence things to bring positive change? Nneka: Music is very powerful, music is big; music is even more powerful than politics at present. Beyonce would definitely draw more crowd than [Nigerian president] Goodluck Jonathan if she was going to hold a speech -- if Beyonce is going to talk about Boko Haram, many people are going to listen, and if she had something to tell Nigerians about love or whatever, many people are going to listen. CNN: How do you see the political and security situation now in Nigeria? Nneka: All I can say is that we do need proper leadership. Yes, that's just easier said than done, but we also need ourselves to take more things into our own hands -- so if we want change, we have to show that we want change, peacefully -- I love Malcolm X but I'd rather go for Martin Luther [King] -- peacefully. And be part of it, not just blame our leaders and making sure that you, yourself, contribute to the change that you want to see. YOUR QUESTIONS . Nneka: My personal life always inspires me, in the first place, and then I try to expand it to the world. I try not to go too personal so that people can have their own interpretation of the song and also relate to it in their own special way. Nneka: I like The Prophet by Kahlil Gibran, I like Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, I like the Bible. Right now I'm reading The Humans by Matt Haig. Read! Just read, educate yourself! Nneka: The way forward is going to be easier said than done, but tribalism is not they key. What we need is unity and to appreciate each other as Nigerians, as Africans, regardless of tribe and regardless of religion -- imposing your religion on other people is only going to create war and turmoil, there has to be another way. Nneka: Being on tour for like five months; I mean you get used to the life, but [it's hard] when you're coming back home and then realizing that people move on when you're not around. Nneka: It is successfully already, that's why everybody is in it. That's all I can say to that, it's flourishing and they know it's flourishing and that's why they're all there -- the Chinese, the Americans, the Europeans and the rest of them. | Nigerian singer Nneka releases latest album, "My Fairy Tales" She combines reggae and afrobeat with powerful lyrics tackling politics, love and forgiveness . |
What is a byte? | The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures. To disambiguate arbitrarily sized bytes from the common 8-bit definition, network protocol documents such as the Internet Protocol (RFC 791) refer to an 8-bit byte as an octet. Those bits in an octet are usually counted with numbering from 0 to 7 or 7 to 0 depending on the bit endianness. The first bit is number 0, making the eighth bit number 7. | A byte is a unit of digital information consisting of eight bits (typically). Historically, a byte was the number of bits needed to encode a single character of text in a computer. Because of this, a byte is the smallest unit of. memory in many computer architectures. |
List the years in which Anne Rochelle Steely Ramirez participated in Sprint events based on the passage. Use bulleted format to represent the years and sort in ascending order. | Anne Rochelle Steely Ramirez (born October 23, 1962), née Anne Rochelle Steely, is a former long-distance runner who competed internationally for the United States. She specialized in the 3,000 meters on the track and later competed in road running events.
She made her international debut in cross country and helped the United States the women's team title at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships in 1985. Her focus changed to the 3,000 meters, a distance in which she was a two-time US champion (outdoors in 1991 and indoors in 1992). She reached the final of that event at the 1991 World Championships in Athletics and the 1992 Barcelona Olympics.
Steely's performances deteriorated and she was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. However, she made an athletic comeback in 1998 and she won two national road titles, as well as appearing at the Goodwill Games and IAAF World Half Marathon Championships that year. She made one more appearance at the World Half Marathon event in 2000, but retired to focus on education studies. | 1985
1991
1992
1998
2000 |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kell Brook reduced the mandatory challenger for his world title from Jo Jo Dan to Yo Yo Dan in four murderous rounds and then threatened to bounce Amir Khan on and off the canvas ‘as soon as he gets in here with me.’ Brook sent Dan crashing to the brink of oblivion four times and after referee Earl Brown administered a mandatory count eight for the last flattening a split second before the bell ended the fourth stanza of pain, everyone had seen enough. The US official and the now desperate Dan’s corner men agreed to call a merciful halt. VIDEOS Scroll down for Kell Brook's reaction post-fight and his thoughts on Amir Kahn . Kell Brook celebrates stunning return to the ring with his partner Lindsey on Saturday night . Brook retained IBF welterweight world title by beating Jo Jo Dan in Sheffield . This was all Brook could have hoped for after having his left thigh slashed to the bone by a machete wielding hooligan barely six months ago. Having feared either dying or being crippled, he came back fitter and stronger, just like the Six Million Dollar Man of old. There was not a trace of anxiety, a flicker of hesitation or an inkling inconvenience as smashed Dan to pieces. Kell Brook returned from an horrific knife attack to win his first IBF welterweight world title defence in style . Kelll Brook floored Romanian challenger Jo Jo Dan four times in four rounds on Saturday night . Brook Dan . Round 1: 10 9 . Round 2: 10 7 . Round 3: 10 9 . Round 4: 10 7 . TOTAL 40 32 . This was an exceptional performance by Special K and the Motorpoint Arena rose to anoint Brook as Sheffield’s rightful heir to the throne of Prince Naseem Hamed. The faithful joined him in calling out Khan for what Brook envisages as ‘the biggest fight out there for both of us.’ ‘Who do you want to see me beat next,’ he roared. ‘Khan, Khan, Khan’ came the deafening, blood-thirsty response. Six Million Dollars may be an underestimate for what they both could earn now from a stadium fight in late summer. Brook, already the IBF world champion stamped his credentials as a serious player in the welterweight division and will go to Las Vegas next month pressing his case for fighting the winner of Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao. But the Khan fight later this year is a more realistic option. Not that Khan would provide such a willing target as the Canadian-based Romanian who went through a world of pain. Brook was defending his IBF world title belt for the first time since beating Shawn Porter in LA last summer . Brook's range-finding left set up a hurtful right and then Dan was put down by a sharp uppercut . Not only did Brook win every round but he inflicted deadly punishment with a right hand which could not miss. The Motorpoint Arena was packed to the tank-full, waiting to welcome the fighter Sheffield believes can be its successor to Naseem Hamed. That atmosphere generator had to be restarted after the electric shock of seeing another son of the Steel City, Adam Etches, brutally knocked out by his veteran Belarus rival for the IBF international middleweight belt. The deeply experienced 40-year-old Sergei Khomitsky drew Etches into a clever trap midway through the third round, opening him up for the perfect right cross. Canada-based southpaw Dan had entered the ring a heavy underdog with a record of 34-3 with 18 early wins . Etches went down like an axed tree, crashing his head against the canvas as he landed, and there were no protests as referee Howard Foster instantly waves his arms over the prone body and summoned medical assistance. Video-screening of Brook’s triumphs in the ring and his leg-slashed tribulations outside the ropes restored he mood of optimism. Special K came in to a thunder of expectation and to be greeted by famed Ready to Rumble announcer Michael Buffer. Dan had pronounced himself ready not only to rumble but to ignore the sound and fury of the partisan Sheffield crowd. Brook showed maturity to be patient, with 10,000 baying fans on their feet in his home town . Brook was dominant from the first bell and was ahead on the scorecards when the fight was stopped . He started brightly enough to suggest nerves might not be problem but he promptly pressed forward, playing into Brook’s preference for counter punching. The home boy’s straight lefts over the Canadian based Romanian’s southpaw leads were especially effective and he was off to a good start. There were no signs of distress from that left leg which had been savagely severed. This time it was Brook inflicting the pain. One sharp sent Dan reeling. The next, an uppercut, put him down. The third sent him to the canvas again. Only a mix of gallantry and clinching got Dan through more punishment to the bell, which seemed more likely to have condemned him to a continuing world of pain rather than to have saved him. Special K stamped his credentials as a serious player in the welterweight division . Brook was looking for the finish but Dan managed to weather the storm at the opening of the round – and somehow fought back. The Brook attack was relentless and Dan reeled around the ring like a drunk, yet still made it to the end of another three minutes of hell. Brook's red shorts covered that wound on his left leg but there was no hiding place for his challenger. Dan was taking right hands to the head as if by habit and he went down for the third time from an accumulation of blows. Make that a fourth, Dan falling a split second before the bell. American referee Earl Brown completed the statutory eight count before agreeing with the challenger's corner that enough was enough. | Kell Brook returned from an horrific knife attack last year to win his first IBF welterweight world title defence in style . The unbeaten 28-year-old floored Romanian challenger Jo Jo Dan four times in a four-round stoppage win . Victory paves the way for a more lucrative fight against the likes of Juan Manuel Marquez, Marcos Maidana or Amir Khan . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Oklahoma Sooners football team made their stance against the university's racist fraternity chant row known on Thursday, as they have every day since Monday, by declining to take part in a scheduled practice. Instead, the team took to the field--all of them dressed in black--and stood arm-in-arm in a silent vigil. Coach Bob Stoops said in a statement that letting the world know the team's stance was more important than their practice. Scroll down for video . Vigil: The University of Oklahoma football team stands arm in arm on Owen Field on the campus in Norman, Oklahoma on Thursday in response to the recent racist video from a now-closed campus fraternity . Quarterback Trevor Knight also made his personal thoughts on the disgraceful video, in which members of Sigma Alpha Epsilon's University of Oklahoma chapter sing a song that used a derogatory term for black people and referenced lynching. 'Extremely proud of our guys right now for the way WE have handled this issue! I love this university and I love this team! #WeAreOne,' the 21-year-old posted to Twitter. Saying they were committed to curing the 'disease' of racism, Oklahoma football players called Thursday for the expulsion of fraternity leaders tied to a racist video and vowed to help the mostly white campus end its 'culture of exclusivity.' 'Our hope is to shed light on this issue and promote meaningful change at a national level,' the players said in a statement many released nearly simultaneously on their social media accounts. 'But before we can change the nation, we make it our mission to change our campus.' Two students have been expelled and university President David Boren ordered the chapter house to be shut down. Not practicing: The Sooners have silently protested while clad in black all week long while declining to participate in scheduled practices . Boren plans to meet with team captains after spring break, but the players haven't waited to express their displeasure. They banded together Monday and marched arm-in-arm into the school's indoor practice facility, wearing all black, with coach Bob Stoops front and center. The team has not practiced all week, instead silently demonstrating at Owen Field during its normal practice time. Two students have been expelled and university President David Boren ordered the SAE chapter house to be shut down after the video went viral . The university has about 27,000 students, about 5 percent of whom are black. The players said they want SAE leadership 'expelled, suspended or otherwise disciplined severely.' 'Allowing this culture to thrive goes against everything it means to be a Sooner,' said the players, who vowed to raise awareness of racism and show 'we are defined by more than the numbers on our jerseys and that we are human beings that desire to get to know our classmates.' The situation already has hurt the football program, usually a national power. North Mesquite (Texas) High School football star Jean Delance, a top offensive lineman prospect who had verbally committed to Oklahoma, said he would not attend the school because of the video. Two other verbal commitments from the Class of 2016, both black, will stay. Jon-Michael Terry, a tight end from Victory Christian High in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and Adrian Hardy, a quarterback from Dekaney High in Houston, have not changed their plans. Boren's strong response played a role in keeping Hardy's mother, Umeki Davis, from becoming concerned. 'As long as they (those leading the chant) were escorted off, and they have nothing to do with OU, and OU stood up for their kids - I'm OK with that,' Davis, said. 'It would have been different if OU wouldn't have stood up for what was right. What was right to me was when they stood up and those students were removed from the school. I'm fine with that.' Victory Christian football coach Brent Marley said he discussed the situation with Terry, and nothing changed. #WeAreOne: Sooners quarterback Trevor Knight tweeted this week, 'Extremely proud of our guys right now for the way WE have handled this issue! I love this university and I love this team! #WeAreOne' Oklahoma's former players said the incident was not an overall reflection of the campus. 'I just believe that doesn't represent the school,' former defensive end Chuka Ndulue said during his Pro Day workout this week. 'No matter where you go, it's just - stuff like that happens. It's just because we're in this day and age where social media runs everything where they happened to catch the guys on camera. It doesn't reflect the student body. That's not the image of the University of Oklahoma.' Former Oklahoma offensive lineman Adam Shead said he was glad to see things that normally get swept under the rug out in the open. He said he was encouraged when the team marched on Monday. 'I was proud,' he said. 'I was happy to see coach Stoops right there in the front, leading the pack, and all the rest of the coaches right there behind him. I'm proud to have been a part of the program that thinks like that and does things like that, who believes in doing the right thing because it's the right thing to do.' Standing together: Oklahoma linebacker Eric Striker, left, gestures as he answers a question following a demonstration by the Oklahoma football team against racism Thursday. From left are Striker, center Ty Darlington, quarterback Trevor Knight, cornerback Zack Sanchez and defensive end Charles Tapper . | Oklahoma Sooners have declined to practice all week in protest of a video in which fraternity members make racist slurs and chant about lynchings . Coach Bob Stoops said in a statement that letting the world know the team's stance was more important than their day's practice . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Burnley striker Danny Ings will step out at Anfield on Wednesday looking to boost his side's Premier League survival hopes at the expense of the team he has been strongly linked with a move to at the end of the season. Brendan Rodgers has refused to be drawn on speculation suggesting that Ings, who is out of contract at the end of the campaign, will move to Liverpool. But if he does sign a contract at Anfield, will he be good enough to make the grade? Sportsmail's reporters give their verdict. Danny Ings (centre) has been Burnley's star player as they try to stay in the Premier League this season . DOMINIC KING . Yes, he is good enough to make the step up. It is no mean effort scoring nine goals in the Barclays Premier League for a side that has struggled to get results and Ings has never been found wanting at the biggest stadiums. He was outstanding in Burnley’s 3-1 loss at Old Trafford last month, his energy and intensity setting him apart that night. It was not a one-off because he has attracted positive reviews all season. Ings scored for Burnley against Manchester United in his side's 3-1 defeat and impressed with his display . Ings could replace Fabio Borini at Liverpool, with the Italian expected to depart at the end of the season . Ings has scored nine times for Burnley this season and will take on Liverpool on Wednesday . Read Dominic King's piece on why Danny Ings would flourish under the guidance of Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers . Liverpool will overhaul their striking department in the summer, with potentially three players moving – Rickie Lambert, Fabio Borini and Mario Balotelli – and a move for Ings would make sense from both a playing style and an economic point of view. He will have to raise his game again should he eventually arrive at Anfield, but that won’t be a problem. Ings has been doing that for the last two years and he will welcome the challenge. JOE BERNSTEIN . Danny Ings is one of those players who doesn't have one quality that makes him stand out, but he doesn't have an obvious weakness either. He is an intelligent player and at 22 has the potential to get better. He is a good finisher but his tally of nine this season is unremarkable and five fewer than Charlie Austin at QPR for example. Ings watches on as his shot hits the back of the net for Burnley against Queens Park Rangers . Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers has refused to comment on the speculation linking the club with Ings . Ings can show he is capable of playing on the big stage when he plays for Burnley against Liverpool . Ings could make the step up to a big club but there is no guarantee. You suspect Liverpool's real interest in him is due to John W Henry's moneyball approach to the game. Why wouldn't you take a promising 22-year-old on a Bosman given you could sell him in two years for a handsome profit, even if he doesn't become a first-team regular? IAN LADYMAN . There was a moment when it became clear to me that Ings was good enough to make the grade at the very highest level and it came early in last month’s defeat at Manchester United. The way he showed Chris Smalling to the front post before checking back and heading in Burnley’s goal – by now unmarked – at the far post told you everything you need to know about his natural instincts as a goal scorer. It was high-class finishing. Ings' form has also led to talk that England manager Roy Hodgson (left) will include him in his next squad . Ings beats defender Martin Kelly and goalkeeper Julian Speroni to score against Crystal Palace . Earlier in the season – as he started the campaign slowly – I wasn’t sure but he has found his feet now and has emerged as a safe bet for the next England squad. On that note, I wrote a story last season saying that Ings was being watched by Roy Hodgson’s staff and was likely to figure in the national set-up during the Euro qualifiers. I remember one of my colleagues laughing. He isn’t laughing any more…. CHRIS WHEELER . There’s no doubting the drive and determination of a striker who was playing for Dorchester Town in the Conference South a little over four years ago, and Ings will be desperate to put on a performance at Anfield. Is he good enough to make the step up to Liverpool? Compared with the players Brendan Rodgers currently has at his disposal, you would have to say yes. Ings has scored nine goals in the Premier League for a Burnley side that has spent the entire season battling the odds – the same amount as Manchester City’s new £25m signing Wilfried Bony and Arsenal’s Olivier Giroud, and more than Liverpool forwards Daniel Sturridge, Mario Balotelli, Rickie Lambert, Fabio Borini and Lazar Markovic put together. Ings has scored the same number of Premier League goals as Wilfried Bony and Olivier Giroud . Ings is only 22 and fits the profile of player that Liverpool often pursue in the transfer market . A player who scored 26 goals in the Championship last season has also hit four in seven appearances for England Under 21s to stake his claim for a senior international call-up, so there is little doubt that he is capable of rising to the challenge. Ings is not excessively tall or powerful, but he is quick and possesses great movement and anticipation in and around the penalty box. Most importantly of all, he has a goalscorer’s instinct. And at the age of 22, he is young enough to take his game to another level under a coach like Rodgers. | Danny Ings has scored nine times for Burnley in the Premier League . He has been strongly linked with Liverpool and faces them on Wednesday . Sportsmail's reporters give their verdict on if he is good enough for Anfield . READ: Ings would flourish at Liverpool under the guidance of Rodgers . CLICK HERE for all the latest Liverpool news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A kangaroo who may have been a little too keen for a drink and got its head stuck in a watering can has been saved by two quick-thinking men. The kangaroo was spotted in a paddock near a golf course at Coffin Bay in South Australia on Saturday morning, the Advertiser reports. Ian Berry, who had just finished a round of golf, went to check on the kangaroo as two men who had spotted it earlier returned to the paddock with a rope and tin cutters. The kangaroo was spotted with its head stuck in a watering can in a paddock near a golf course at Coffin Bay in South Australia on Saturday morning . 'They used rope first... one had rope tied around the can and the other had the roo's tail and they tried pulling but it didn't work,' Mr Berry told the newspaper. 'At this point it was pretty tired because it had been trying to kick the can off... (the men) were able to get close enough to cut the can off.' Mr Berry managed to snap several remarkable photos of the two men, Rob Smith and Steve Dew, pulling the animal's tail and attaching ropes to the watering can to free the roo. The roo is believed to have found some water in the can and accidentally got his head stuck as he had a drink . Rob Smith and Steve Dew came to the paddock armed with some tin cutters and a long rope to help free the distressed kangaroo . After several attempts, the distressed kangaroo was freed and hopped away quickly. 'It wouldn't have survived too long if Rob and Steve hadn't gotten the can off,' Mr Berry said. He suspects the kangaroo found some water in the can and put its head in for a drink. 'He is one lucky kangaroo... he hopped off, no doubt with a sore neck, but happy to be alive.' Coffin Bay residents thanked the two men on the city's Facebook page. 'A big thank you to Rob Smith and Steve Dew who saved this large male kangaroo from certain death after being able to get close enough to cut the watering can so as to be able to pull the kangaroo's head out of the can,' they wrote. Ian Berry managed to snap several remarkable photos of the two men, Rob Smith and Steve Dew, pulling the animal's tail and attaching ropes to the watering can to free the roo . After several attempts, the distressed kangaroo was freed and hopped away quickly . | Kangaroo got its head caught in tin can at Coffin Bay in South Australia . Two men found the roo in a paddock next to a golf course on Saturday . They were pictured tying a rope around can and pulling its tail to set it free . Kangaroo was freed after several attempts and hopped away quickly . |
What countries have won the rugby world cup? | The most important competition in rugby union is the Rugby World Cup, a men's tournament that has taken place every four years since the inaugural event in 1987. South Africa are the reigning champions, having defeated England in the final of the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Yokohama. New Zealand and South Africa have each won the title three times (New Zealand: 1987, 2011, 2015; South Africa: 1995, 2007, 2019), Australia have won twice (1991 and 1999), and England once (2003). England is the only team from the Northern Hemisphere to have won the Rugby World Cup. | - New Zealand
- Australia
- South Africa
- England |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Fresh from being crowned World Cup champions, Australia have announced their 17-man squad to face England in the Ashes this summer. Alastair Cook and Co face a daunting prospect in trying to reclaim the urn they surrendered with such a whimper last year, especially with pace men Mitchell Starc and last year's danger man Mitchell Johnson in their prospective bowling line-up. Here, Sportsmail's cricket expert Lawrence Booth assesses the intimidating Australian squad man-by-man. Michael Clarke (capt) Age 33 . Caps 108 . Verdict Age has not diminished his class, as he proved in the World Cup final. But his dodgy back could be an issue in a five-Test series. Should out-captain Alastair Cook once more. David Warner . Age 28 . Caps 36 . Verdict Could win a Test or two by himself if he bats for a couple of sessions. Moeen Ali’s off-breaks will be crucial in pinning him down. Likes to say a word or two. Shane Watson . Age 33 . Caps 56 . Verdict Has a decent record in Ashes cricket, but has never reached the stage where he frightens England. But his medium-pace balances Australia’s team in a way Cook can only envy. Shaun Marsh . Age 31 . Caps 12 . Verdict A gritty left-hander, and son of former Test opener Geoff. Began Test career with 141 in Sri Lanka in 2011, but success has been sporadic since then. CV includes six ducks. Mitchell Johnson . Age 33 . Caps 64 . Verdict If England haven’t got over the trauma of the 2013-14 series, when Johnson took 37 wickets at 13 apiece, the Ashes will stay with Australia. Josh Hazlewood . Age 24 . Caps 3 . Verdict One of a batch of promising Australian fast bowlers, he proved economical beyond his years during the successful World Cup campaign. A flawless action bodes well. James Faulkner . Age 24 . Caps 1 . Verdict Played his only Test to date at The Oval in 2013, where he got up England’s noses by accusing them of boring batting. A left-arm seam-bowling all-rounder, he can give the ball an almighty whack. James Pattinson . Age 24 . Caps 13 . Verdict Injuries have limited him since he burst on to the scene in 2011-12, but the talent is undeniable: tall, aggressive and fast, he should trouble England more than his brother, Darren, when playing for England in a single Test against South Africa in 2008. Peter Siddle . Age 30 . Caps 56 . Verdict The banana-loving seamer is a veteran of two Ashes tours, and could provide relentless accuracy while the quicker bowlers fire around him. Kevin Pietersen, for one, found him almost impossible to score off in 2013-14. Brad Haddin (wkt) Age 37 . Caps 63 . Verdict Australia’s second-most important cog in their 5-0 Ashes wheel in 2013-14, after Mitchell Johnson. His sledging from behind the stumps is considered the heartbeat of the team. Chris Rogers . Age 37 . Caps 20 . Verdict This will be his last hurrah in a late-blooming Test career. Calm, compact and the perfect foil for the exuberance of his opening partner Warner. Steve Smith (vice captain) Age 25 . Caps 26 . Verdict One of world cricket’s rising stars, he scored four tons in Australia’s recent home series against India. Will captain the side full-time after Clarke retires, and can burgle the odd wicket with his leg-spin. Nathan Lyon . Age 27 . Caps 39 . Verdict A steady off-spinner who troubled England’s right-handers during whitewash. But, really, they should have nothing to fear. Mitchell Starc . Age 25 . Caps 15 . Verdict Another left-arm seamer, and Man of the Tournament at the World Cup. His yorkers are as dangerous in Tests as they are in ODIs, and accuracy and pace have improved. Ryan Harris . Age 35 . Caps 27 . Verdict If he can drag his injury-laden body through one final series, Australia will be thrilled. He was an unsung star during their 3-0 defeat here two years ago, and produced the ball of the series to bowl Cook in Perth. Josh Hazlewood . Age 24 . Caps 3 . Verdict One of a batch of promising Australian fast bowlers, he proved economical beyond his years during the successful World Cup campaign. A flawless action bodes well. Fawad Ahmed . Age 33 . Caps 20 . Verdict The Pakistan-born leg-spinner has played only three one-day internationals and two Twenty20 games for Australia, so would represent a risk. But Australian leggies have done well in England before… . Michael Clarke (capt) Age 33 . Caps 108 . Verdict Age has not diminished his class, as he proved in the World Cup final. But his dodgy back could be an issue in a five-Test series. Should out-captain Alastair Cook once more. David Warner . Age 28 . Caps 36 . Verdict Could win a Test or two by himself if he bats for a couple of sessions. Moeen Ali’s off-breaks will be crucial in pinning him down. Likes to say a word or two. Shane Watson . Age 33 . Caps 56 . Verdict Has a decent record in Ashes cricket, but has never reached the stage where he frightens England. But his medium-pace balances Australia’s team in a way Cook can only envy. Shaun Marsh . Age 31 . Caps 12 . Verdict A gritty left-hander, and son of former Test opener Geoff. Began Test career with 141 in Sri Lanka in 2011, but success has been sporadic since then. CV includes six ducks. Mitchell Johnson . Age 33 . Caps 64 . Verdict: If England haven’t got over the trauma of the 2013-14 series, when Johnson took 37 wickets at 13 apiece, the Ashes will stay with Australia. Peter Siddle . Age 30 . Caps 56 . Verdict The banana-loving seamer is a veteran of two Ashes tours, and could provide relentless accuracy while the quicker bowlers fire around him. Kevin Pietersen, for one, found him almost impossible to score off in 2013-14. Mitchell Marsh . Age 23 . Caps 4 . Verdict A rangy all-rounder and younger brother of Shaun, Marsh stunned England during the World Cup with figures of 5 for 33 at Melbourne – despite having taken only six ODI wickets until then. His batting is the stronger suit. Peter Nevill . Age 29 . Caps 0 . Verdict Peter who? Nevill has been chosen as the reserve wicketkeeper behind his New South Wales team-mate Haddin, although he has also played as a specialist batsman for his state team. Unlikely to get a game unless Haddin breaks a finger. Adam Voges . Age 35 . Caps 0 . Verdict An outsider for a Test debut, but he knows English conditions well – Voges has spent time with Hampshire, Middlesex and Nottinghamshire – and bowls left-arm spin to complement his middle-order hitting. | England welcome Australia for the Ashes on home turf this summer . Cricket World Cup winners have announced their 17-man squad . Pace bowlers including Mitchell Starc and Mitchell Johnson are included . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | David Cotterill has revealed the first battle for him and Wales captain Ashley Williams ahead of their crunch Euro 2016 qualifier in Israel will just be getting off the ground. Both the Birmingham City winger and the Swansea captain have a fear of flying so will look to each other for support when the Welsh squad head to the skies on Thursday. Belgium’s match in Israel originally scheduled for last September was postponed until this month because of the Gaza conflict. But simply being 30,000 feet high will be of concern to Cotterill. Swansea and Wales defender Ashley Williams has a fear of flying . He laughed: ‘I’m a nervous wreck on every flight I go on, it doesn’t matter where it’s to. Normally when I’m flying I grab my two children’s hands. ‘When I’m on my own, Ashley Williams is across from me and he’s a nervous flier too, we just look at each other like we’re having a panic attack. ‘He’s a warrior on the pitch but when it comes to flying he’s a little baby.’ Cotterill has played an important part in Wales travelling to the Middle East with designs on topping their Euro 2016 qualifying group on departure. The 27-year-old came off the bench in the win over Cyprus earlier in the campaign to score a long-range free-kick, before starting the goalless draw in Belgium. ‘It was an amazing result for us. In previous years we would probably have gone over there and got beaten three or four nil,’ he told Sportsmail. Swansea defender Williams regarded as a fearless competitor on the pitch . ‘I think the squad has improved so much, and we have great confidence. Hopefully we can do something special by qualifying.’ Wales have not made a major tournament since the 1958 World Cup but sit second in Group B on eight points, one behind Israel having played a game more. Belgium are fourth on five points with a game in hand on Wales. Cotterill made his debut a decade ago as a 17-year-old, coming on to replace Ryan Giggs, so is well placed to chart the strides taken by this Wales team and how Gareth Bale has grown in dressing room stature. ‘We have great experience, he said. ‘Baley, Rambo (Aaron Ramsey) and (Chris) Gunter have a lot of caps for their age, obviously brought through from the days of (John) Toshack and (Gary) Speed. ‘A lot of us have been together for many years and that’s only benefitting us now. The group is a lot closer now than in previous years and it’s showing on the pitch.’ He added: ‘Baley’s signed for Real Madrid and he is one of our leaders. He does speak a lot more than he used to. Whatever he says he’s talking sense because he’s playing for one of the best managers in the world. He knows his stuff.’ Bale’s presence, despite his difficult spell at Real, encourages Cotterill to believe Wales can beat Israel, who have a perfect record so far. Birmingham winger David Cotterill (centre) will be part of the Wales squad flying to Israel . ‘We’ve got one of the best players in the world, if that doesn’t give you a lift nothing will. Most of our starting XI are in the Premier League playing week in week out. Our core is quality. We show respect but we have nothing to fear.’ Cotterill has enjoyed a bright season at Birmingham, revived under Gary Rowett, having moved from Doncaster last summer. He has eight goals from the right wing and seven assists, numbers that compete with any players in is position in the Championship. ‘I’m happy the way the season has gone, I’m hoping to score more goals and get to the double figure mark, hopeful add a few more assists,’ he said. ‘Then I could look back at a successful season.’ | Ashley Williams and David Cotterill both have a fear of flying . The Wales duo face flight to Israel this week for Euro 2016 qualifier . Chris Coleman's side seeking to claim top spot in qualifying group . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An American saga of redemption and recovery unfolded in dramatic style at the WGC-Cadillac Championship at Doral on Sunday. Wearing red was JB Holmes, who has recovered so hearteningly from two bouts of gruelling brain surgery four years ago. Wearing blue was Dustin Johnson, the party boy who took a six-month leave of absence to mend his wild ways. In the end it was the man hell-bent on his redemptive mission who came out on top as Johnson closed with a final round 69 to win by one from Holmes, who had begun the final round with a five shot lead. Dustin Johnson (right) celebrates with his caddie Austin Johnson on the eighteenth hole at Doral . Johnson proudly holds the WGC-Cadillac Championship trophy following his victory on Sunday . 'It means everything to win again,' said Johnson, who admitted his break was due to issues with alcohol and was competing in just his fifth event on his return. 'It has been a tough road but a lot of good has come out of it and I feel great now. This has to be the best win of my career.' Johnson has long had a reputation as one of America's most gifted talents but was in danger of throwing it all away. Now he looks a reformed character. The latest world rankings out on Monday are likely to show him up to 6th and he' s quite capable of giving Rory McIlroy a run for his money at the top. Masters champion Bubba Watson led briefly but paid for a bad stretch of three bogeys in four holes from the 11th and finished third. Johnson went the other way, playing his last 11 holes so artfully that he completed the sequence in a telling three under par. It was hard not to feel sorry for Holmes. He had opened the tournament with a 62 that was so good it might well stand as the round of the year. But he blew his chances with a terrible start that saw his five shot lead dwindle to nothing before the first 90 minutes of play was completed. Johnson celebrates his birdie on the 15th hole during the final round of action on Sunday . As for McIlroy, his troubles with the plethora of water hazards continued right to the end, as he put not only his drive on the 18th into the water, but his third shot as well. Before the start of his final round, Donald Trump, preposterous owner of this overrated venue, had presented McIlroy with the three iron he had tossed infamously into the water on Friday, after it was retrieved by a scuba diver. McIlroy took it out of his bag once on Sunday - to play that third shot at the last. Thanks a lot, Donald, he must have been thinking. McIlroy shaped up to throw the offending implement into the water once more, but this time kept hold of it. It was a moment of light relief at the end of a seriously trying week for the world number one. Bubba Watson led briefly but paid for a bad stretch of three bogeys in four holes from the 11th . At least he finished off with a more typical example of his artistry. Through the back of the green and staring down the barrel of an ugly triple bogey seven or still worse, McIlroy chipped the ball in for a six. Even so, it rather undid the good work he displayed earlier, and meant he signed for a 71. He still finished in the top ten, though. All those missed putts and shots into the water, and still only a handful of players beat him. 'It was certainly an adventurous week and the game's just not quite there,' he admitted. 'I'm pretty disappointed with the way I played overall. But there were signs of improvement.' He will look to build on those during a two day trip to Augusta National, beginning on Monday. He will play just one more tournament – the Arnold Palmer Invitational next week – before his historic tilt at a career grand slam at the Masters next month. Rory McIlroy plays a shot on the second hold during a disappointing final day of action for the world No 1 . Round of the day came from England's Danny Willett, who shot 68 to finish tied 12th. This was a fine confidence boost for the 27-year-old Yorkshireman ahead of his first appearance at The Masters. 'I'm obviously very pleased,' he said. 'It's a tough course and the set-up is very difficult so to finish on level par for the week, I'd have bitten your hand off if you'd offered me that on Thursday. When you're playing with the top 50 you know they're not going to give you anything, but I'm feeling more comfortable all the time playing at this level.' How far can he go? One area of concern remains a chronic back injury that has caused him to withdraw from plenty of tournaments over the years and one this year already. 'I'm taking painkillers and managing it,' he said. 'I'm going to stay over here through the Masters because flying back and forth is no good for it. There's no point worrying about it, I've just got to get on with it.' He is doing that all right. | Dustin Johnson closed with a final round 69 to claim the title . Bubba Watson led briefly but paid for a bad stretch of three bogeys . Rory McIlroy signed with a 71 but still finished in the top 10 . England's Danny Willett shot 68 to finish tied 12th . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | There was Marlon Brando, James Dean, Brad Pitt. But in 2015, the term 'heartthrob' has taken on a new meaning. Once confined to their dimly-lit basements, videogamers are now flocking from America to South Korea where they are lauded as 'studs' - and win millions. They sit on the stage of a 50,000-strong stadium in Seoul playing League of Legends. And the female attention is unrivaled. Scroll down for videos . A whole new world: Women dress as cyber characters to laud the world's top videogamers at mass tournaments in South Korea . Stud: Hai Lam, 22, from Michigan, is one of the most celebrated gamers in the world and attracts swarms of women . Champions: Cloud 9 has won two Leagues Of Legends seasons and reached the top 8 in the Season 3 finale . Tasha, from Spiral Cats, tells Vice's five-part docu-series that female cosplayers are scantily-clad because that is their superpower . Strategy: If she looks beautiful, she says, her allies will be more likely to help her in battle . Scantily-clad Korean women dressed as cyber characters flood the stands in the hope that they might bump into Cloud 9, America's celebrity gaming squad. Documenting the surreal and exclusive world of eSports in a new five-part docu-series by Vice Media, reporter Matt Shea joined the millions of hysterical fans at this year's League of Legends final. Besotted, Shea meets Spiral Cats, four stunning women who professionally dress up as virtual reality characters. But when Cloud 9's Hai Lam walks past, he loses every inch of their attention. They come in their droves: League Of Legends has 67 million monthly users - more people than there are in France . Superstars: The American team consists of (L-R) 20-year-old An 'Balls' Le, 21-year-old William 'Meteos' Hartman, Hai Lam, 25-year-old Daerek 'LemonNation' Hart, and 21-year-old Zachary 'Sneaky' Scuderi . YouTube.com/HyperX . Battling it out: Teams that make it to the League Of Legends semi-final have already won $150,000 but could get $1 million . The cheerleaders: The tournaments are attended by professional cosplay team Spiral Cats who say beauty is their superpower . Lam, 22, grew up in Grandville, Michigan, and studied media at the University of Michigan. All the while, he would spend his nights fighting his way to become one of the top 10 gamers in the world. His teammates are 20-year-old An 'Balls' Le, 21-year-old William 'Meteos' Hartman, Hai Lam, 25-year-old Daerek 'LemonNation' Hart, and 21-year-old Zachary 'Sneaky' Scuderi. Rocketing to the upper echelons of this fanatical world, they have joined the lauded Chinese team OMG, which features a player who goes by the name Cool. Samsung White, Samsung Blue and Starhorn Royal Club are just a few of the other star squads which struggle to walk through a crowd in Seoul without courting attention. Spiral cats: The girls have a dressing trailer at the site to transform into the characters then spend a day posing with fans . Vice reporter Matt Shea discovers they are courteous with fans and outsiders but flock to Cloud 9 when they get a chance . South Korea's video-gaming scene is unrivaled, as the activity accounts for 90 per cent of addictions nationwide . As Vice notes, League Of Legends has 67 million monthly users, which is more than the entire population of France. They travel in their droves to South Korea, the epicenter of the scene - where, Vice discovers, gaming accounts for 90 per cent of addictions. Most of the commentators for each match are American or British. Thousands of people sit in the stands and first each team member's head shot is projected on a screen. As the battle commences, the players' tense faces are shown. They could win big or lose everything. How it works: Thousands of people sit in the stands and first each team member's head shot is projected on a screen . High stakes: As the battle commences, the players' tense faces are shown. They could win big or lose everything. The game is also projected on a second screen and the audience has different colored lights to show who they are supporting . Champions: Korea's Samsung White squad are one of the most successful gaming squads in the world . | Videogamers are celebrities in Seoul which hosts tournaments in stadiums that are attended by thousands . America's Cloud 9 is one of the top teams, women flock to get a chance to speak to the five team members . Aged between 20 and 25, they grew up playing in their bedrooms and now win millions in Seoul . The bizarre world is laid bare in a new five-part Vice docu-series which also meets the cosplaying cheerleaders . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Tommy Seymour insists the cracks in Scotland's creaking defence have not been caused by mental weakness. The Glasgow wing angrily shot down the suggestion that psychological frailties had been the reason for the Scots' wretched RBS 6 Nations campaign. Vern Cotter's team strode purposefully into this year's championships on the back of three encouraging displays against Argentina, New Zealand and Tonga in November. Some pundits even tipped the the Dark Blues as dark horses for the title. But the same old self-inflicted gaffes that have cost them dear, with Ireland now preparing to complete a miserable run by handing the Celtic neighbours their fifth straight defeat in Edinburgh this Saturday. Seymour knows his side have let themselves down - but he insist their problems do not start in the mind. Tommy Seymour has dismissed talk of mental weakness in the Scotland camp . He said: 'No - 100 per cent not. I would almost take offence to the notion of that. 'Listen, I can understand the questions that are asked because people obviously look at the performances and think there is a button here that needs to be pressed. 'But there is definitely not a mental fragility.' The Scots kicked-off their campaign in Paris but despite notching the only try, they allowed France to kick their way to a 15-8 win following a string of penalties. Wales then took control of their second match at Murrayfield after stand-off Finn Russell was sin-binned when his 'reckless' tackle left jumping Dragons fly-half Dan Biggar in a heap. There was more misery in store as Italy's rolling maul steamrollered the Azzurri to a last-gasp win in the capital, while Scotland sparkled briefly at Twickenham on Saturday before the Auld Enemy fired back into a three-way shoot-out for the title by adding 15 unanswered points in the second half. 'We need to stop being the creators of our own downfall at times,' added Seymour. 'But there is certainly no fragility on a mental aspect with any of the players I go out and play with. 'We know exactly what we can do. We are fully confident in that. There needs to be an ability within all of us that we can do these things for 80 minutes. 'But we are definitely not in a position where we are doubting our abilities.' VIDEO England v Scotland - extended highlights . Scotland have lost all four of their Six Nations matches in this year's competition . Ireland will now go in search of the win which will see them pip England and Wales to the Six Nations title this weekend. That leaves the Scots facing the ominous prospect that if they cannot repel Joe Schmidt's side, they will end this year's Northern Hemisphere joust with a five-game whitewash for the third time since 2004. In that case, it would leave Cotter open to the charge his first campaign had been a failure - but Seymour insists that assessment is too simplistic. He said: 'It's probably too easy (to describe this campaign as a failure) I think. 'Let's not beat about the bush, we have not won a game yet. A tournament is going to be defined for the mass part for a lot of people based on the back of wins or losses. Scotland end their dismal campaign against Ireland at Murrayfield on Saturday . 'Now in that case, you can say 'Well we can write this one off - it's not been what we want. It's been a failure'. 'However, with this squad it has to be a learning process. It has to be the idea that we are building something that goes beyond five or six weeks. 'It started in the autumn and is building up to the World Cup - that has to be the mindset. 'There has been a lot of disappointment in the results from this tournament. However, the elements that have shown improvement can only mean that we have to progress from this. 'We have shown the flaws that we need to fix in order to go on. 'So in terms of fixtures, it's been disappointing but it's not been a failure in terms of the growth of the squad. If we learn from the mistakes and swallow the big pills we have had to take, then we can come off the back of it stronger.' | Scotland have lost all four matches so far in RBS 6 Nations . Tommy Seymour insists poor showing is not due to mental weakness . Scotland end their campaign against Ireland at Murrayfield on Saturday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kimi Raikkonen was left to bemoan bad timing as the reason why he faces an uphill struggle to claim a podium finish in Sunday's Malaysian Grand Prix. Throughout practice at the Sepang International Circuit Raikkonen had suggested a top-three position was on the cards as he emerged the closest rival to Mercedes duo Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg. But come qualifying, and the start of the second session with a storm brewing overhead, the Finn found himself out of position in the queue to take to the track and set a banker lap. Kimi Raikkonen's chances of a podium finish in Malaysia were dampened by a storm during qualifying . The Finn eventually qualified in 11th position in his Ferrari at the Sepang Circuit . Click here to read Jonathan McEvoy's report as Hamilton secures pole ahead of Sebastian Vettel and Nico Rosberg . With team-mate Sebastian Vettel at the head of the line of cars, the four-times champion eventually emerged quickest in Q2 as the drivers only had time for one hot lap before the heavens opened. That lap proved to be a mad scramble from which Raikkonen could only qualify 11th, with Sauber's Marcus Ericsson his undoing. 'I tried to overtake Ericsson because he was in front of me,' said Raikkonen. 'But at the last corner I couldn't slow down because there were other people pushing me forward. 'In my mind we just got the timing wrong. That's how it ended up.' Television pictures of qualifying showed lightning and stormy conditions approaching the circuit . Dark clouds gather in the background at the Sepang International Circuit during the qualifying session . Raikkonen, though, opted not to point an accusing finger at his team, adding: 'I don't know if it helps to blame anyone. 'It's easy to say afterwards we should have been waiting behind one another, but the end result is this and whatever we will do now will not change it. It is unfortunate. 'Obviously, we have made our life very difficult, so I have no idea what we will do tomorrow. We will try our best and see where we end up.' Vettel, meanwhile, became the first Ferrari driver since this race two years ago to qualify on the front row, splitting Hamilton and Rosberg who were denied a 10th consecutive front-row lock-out. World champion Lewis Hamilton will begin the Malaysian Grand Prix at Sepang on pole position . Sebastian Vettel (right) split the Mercedes drivers to put his Ferrari second on the grid in Malaysia . With further rain forecast for the race, the outcome could be wide open, potentially playing into Vettel's hands as his car appeared strong in the wet. 'Obviously when it starts to rain here - and there's always a high chance - it can mix up things,' said Vettel. 'It was an interesting qualifying session. The car felt good in both dry and wet conditions at the end. 'I'm reasonably happy, and also the long runs look good on practice days, so we should be in good shape, but we know they (Mercedes) are difficult to beat. 'That's ultimately why we turn up trying to win, so we will see what we can do. Maybe it looks like we are a little bit closer here, but we will have to wait and see.' 1. Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes) 1:49.834 . 2. Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari) 1:49.908 . 3. Nico Rosberg (Mercedes) 1:50.299 . 4. Daniel Ricciardo (Red Bull) 1:51.541 . 5. Daniil Kvyat (Red Bull) 1:51.951 . 6. Max Verstappen (Toro Rosso) 1:51.981 . 7. Felipe Massa (Williams) 1:52.473 . 8. Romain Grosjean (Lotus) 1:52.981 . 9. Valtteri Bottas (Williams) 1:53.179 . 10. Marcus Ericsson (Sauber) 1:53.261 . 11. Kimi Raikkonen (Ferrari) 1:42.173 . 12. Pastor Maldonado (Lotus) 1:42.198 . 13. Nico Hulkenburg (Force India) 1:43.023 . 14. Sergio Perez (Force India) 1:43.469 . 15. Carlos Sainz (Toro Rosso) 1:43.701 . 16. Felipe Nasr (Sauber) 1:41.308 . 17. Jenson Button (McLaren) 1:41.636 . 18. Fernando Alonso (McLaren) 1:41.746 . 19. Roberto Merhi (Marussia) 1:46.746 . 20. Will Stevens (Marussia) | Lewis Hamilton secured pole position for Sunday's Malaysian Grand Prix . Sebastian Vettel separated him and McLaren team-mate Nico Rosberg . Ferrari driver Kimi Raikkonen's Q2 lap was disrupted by bad weather . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | All-rounders Chris Woakes and Moeen Ali are in doubt for England's final World Cup match against Afghanistan after suffering injuries during the 15-run defeat to Bangladesh on Monday. Woakes left the Adelaide Oval with a protective boot on his left foot after he began to feel pain while he was batting as England sought to keep their World Cup alive. Moeen suffered a side problem while he was bowling, although he was able to continue on and then take his place at the top of the batting order. Moeen Ali is a doubt for England's final game of the World Cup after picking up a side injury . Joe Root arrives at Sydney airport after England's shocking defeat by Bangladesh on Monday . England captain Eoin Morgan has come in for criticism as his side crashed out of the World Cup . An England and Wales Cricket Board spokesperson confirmed both players were set to undergo scans in Sydney on Wednesday. They will miss the training session that day as a result of the scans. Both payers could therefore be sidelined for Friday's match against Afghanistan, when England will look to finish a miserable campaign with victory in their first-ever one-day international against the Asian nation. Fast bowlers James Anderson (left) and Stuart Broad (right) have been far from their best all tournament . Ali and Chris Woakes will undergo scans on Wednesday which will mean they miss training as a result . Woakes left the Adelaide Oval with a protective boot on his left foot after he began to feel pain while batting . | England's final World Cup game is against Afghanistan . Chris Woakes and Moeen Ali are both injury doubts for the clash . England are already out of the World Cup after losing to Bangladesh . |
What can you tell me about about the Landscape Arch in Arches National Park in Utah? | The arch is among many in the Devils Garden area in the north of the park. Landscape Arch was named by Frank Beckwith who explored the area in the winter of 1933–1934 as the leader of an Arches National Monument scientific expedition. The arch can be reached by a 0.8 mi (1.3 km) graded gravel trail.
The Natural Arch and Bridge Society (NABS) considers Landscape Arch the fifth longest natural arch in the world, after four arches in China. In 2004, the span of Landscape Arch was measured at 290.1 ft (88.4 m), ±0.8 ft (0.24 m), with a height of 77.5 ft (23.6 m). NABS measured the span of the slightly shorter Kolob Arch in Zion National Park at 287 ft (87 m) in 2006.
The most recent recorded rockfall events occurred in the 1990s when one large slab fell in 1991 and then two additional large rockfalls occurred in 1995. Since the rockfalls, the trail beneath the arch has been closed. | The Landscape Arch is a natural arch considered the fifth longest natural arch in the world. It is located in the Arches National Park in Utah, USA. You can get to the arch by walking along a low-graded train in the park. The arch has recently lost some of its slabs due to rockfalls. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Paul Gascoigne told the High Court on Wednesday that phone-hacking was linked to his alcoholism. The 47-year-old former England star started his evidence at the hearing in London to determine what compensation should be paid by Mirror Group Newspapers (MGN) in eight representative cases by telling Mr Justice Mann that he was 'fuming'. Smartly dressed in a dark grey suit and pink-and-white open-necked striped shirt and accompanied by former Tottenham team-mate Gary Mabbutt, he said he changed his mobile because he knew there was something going on with it. Former footballers Gary Mabbutt (second left) and Paul Gascoigne (second right) arrive at the High Court . His voice hoarse and shaking with emotion, he said: 'I knew I was getting hacked by the Mirror. This continued for ages. Phone calls to my father and family were getting blocked so I changed my mobile. It happened again so I kept on changing mobiles, five or six times a month.' Questioned by David Sherborne, who has said hacking was rife at all three of the group's national titles by mid-1999, he said that, to start with, the experience was 'so scary'. Gascoigne, who is complaining about 18 articles - all accepted to have been the product of illegal activity - said: 'I couldn't speak to anybody, I was scared to speak to anybody... my parents, my family and kids, it was just horrendous. 'And people can't understand why I became an alcoholic.' Gascoigne went on: 'At the time I was going through a bad time because I knew I was getting hacked, 110 per cent. Of course (people) wouldn't believe it - my family and Mr McKeown (therapist Johnny McKeown). Gascoigne (right) gave evidence at a hearing to decide the amount of compensation to be awarded . Gascoigne claimed the phone hacking 'ruined his life' as he waits for compensation to be determined . 'As I was speaking to him on the phone, it clicked again. He told me I was paranoid, I was going through a mental disorder. 'I said "No, there's f***-all wrong with me". I knew, I knew. I put the phone down... I've never told a lie, nothing to lie about, nothing. 'Disgusting. Crap.' After speaking briefly, Gascoigne was told he would not face cross-examination by Matthew Nicklin QC, for MGN, and his evidence was going unchallenged. He replied: 'I have waited 15 years to be sat here so I am disgusted, really. 'I would like to trade my mobile phone in for a coffin because these guys have ruined my life. I have no life.' Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Paul Gascoigne was giving evidence at a compensation hearing . Mirror Group Newspapers face a pay out over phone hacking . Gazza said he knew his phone was being hacked . He believes it was linked to his struggles with alcoholism . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)The news that the U.S. military will charge Army Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl with desertion for abandoning his post in Afghanistan revives a deeply disturbing and morally wrenching incident in America's troubled war in Afghanistan. From the moment last year that the world learned about the prisoner-swap deal that secured his freedom, the questions that surrounded Begdahl's disappearance gained significance. After all, the United States had agreed to a very high price for his release. Based on the evidence that has come to public light, desertion seems the right charge against Bergdahl, whose comrades say he walked away, abandoning his commitments as a soldier in a war and creating new and greater dangers for them. But even before the charges were filed, there were other question whose answers are emerging. Was the United States right to negotiate a high-price trade? Did "leave no man behind" trump "no negotiating with terrorists"? And if it did, did the importance of saving one man outweigh the dictate not to pay ransom even if that man was a traitor or a deserter? New information about his disappearance and life of the people freed in exchange for Bergdahl make the case all the more troubling. Bergdahl, you will recall, spent five years as a prisoner of the Haqqani network, a group allied with the Taliban organization, America's principal enemy in Afghanistan. Taliban fighters had captured him in June 2009, just after Bergdahl, apparently disenchanted with the military, left his post in southeastern Afghanistan. The Taliban handed the American soldier to the Haqqanis, who shuttled him between locations as they and their partners negotiated for his release, seeking to maximize the profit from their valuable captive. In May 2014 they struck a deal. Five Taliban commanders were flown out of the U.S. prison at Guantanamo Bay, freed in exchange for the American soldier whose disappearance many had already labeled a desertion. The images became iconic. A strikingly pale Bergdahl, blinking painfully against the bright sun as he was handed over to U.S. officials. The scene contrasted sharply with a video of the Taliban chiefs' receiving a heroes' welcome in Qatar, where they prepared for a new life after their American captivity. National Security Adviser Susan Rice said Bergdahl had served with "honor and distinction." If that had been the case, the trade would have proved much less controversial. But from the moment Bergdahl went missing there had been questions. In the letters he wrote home before vanishing, Bergdahl showed a steady erosion of his faith in the military and belief in the mission. "The future is too good to waste on lies," he told his parents. "And life is way too short to care for the damnation of others." Men who had served with Bergdahl said he had simply walked off the base carrying little more than a compass. Not only would such a move constitute near-suicidal foolishness, it also put his comrades in great danger, particularly as they set out on a desperate quest to find him. What has been the cost of Bergdahl's odyssey? Some said the search for him cost the lives of six American soldiers. The specific circumstances are complicated, but it is clear that the six died in Paktika Province in the months after Bergdahl vanished, during a period in which every mission, even if not directly aimed at finding Bergdahl, included some element of a search. As one former team leader told CNN, "when those soldiers were killed, they would not have been where they were if Bergdahl had not left." One of them, 2nd Lt Darryn Andrews, received a posthumous Silver Star for saving the lives of five soldiers during a mission that had shifted from searching for a Taliban target to looking for Bergdahl. Andrews left behind a pregnant wife and a 2-year-old son. Then there is the cost of signaling to the Taliban, of telling all of America's enemies, that if they capture a U.S. service member they could trade him for a ransom. This could endanger other Americans. And there is another potential cost: The men who were freed in exchange for Bergdahl could go on to fight again. The more you learn about the details of their post-Guantanamo lives, the more distressing the transaction looks. Under the terms of the deal, Qatar agreed to keep the former prisoners from leaving the country for one year. In the meantime, they are said to be living a life of fantastic comfort and luxury, courtesy of their gracious Qatari hosts. According to reports, they have each been allowed to bring five more families to keep them company. The 35 Taliban households are living in the lap of Qatari luxury, but the fighters are getting restless. At least two of the former Guantanamo detainees reportedly want to go back to the battlefield, perhaps adding to the eventual tally of the Bergdahl transaction. Now Bergdahl will face his punishment; he could be sentenced to life in prison for what the military says was desertion and misbehavior, and what his comrades said was a shameful betrayal -- one that cost lives. The question remains, should the United States have traded for this man? My sense is that the United States has a duty to the soldiers it sends to war. All soldiers should know that their country will do what it takes to bring them back. America could not leave Bergdahl to die in a mountain cave, especially if it did not know with certainty the circumstances of his disappearance -- but even if it did. Whether the Obama administration negotiated as effectively as it could have is another matter. On that count, I am skeptical. The trade -- Bergdahl for several hardened prisoners -- was a heart-splitting dilemma, but it was the right call. | Frida Ghitis: Desertion charges against Bowe Bergdahl revive questions: Was swap deal for him correct? What has his odyssey cost? She says swap may have sent dangerous message to America's enemies, cost American lives. Still, retrieving U.S. soldier was right call . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Moscow (CNN)Russia was ready to put its nuclear forces on alert over the crisis in Crimea last year, such was the threat to Russian people there, President Vladimir Putin said in a documentary that aired on state TV on Sunday night. Asked if Russia was prepared to bring its nuclear weapons into play, Putin said: "We were ready to do it. I talked with colleagues and told them that this (Crimea) is our historic territory, Russian people live there, they are in danger, we cannot leave them. "It wasn't us who committed a coup, it was the nationalists and people with extreme beliefs." But this was the worst-case scenario, he added, in the documentary broadcast on state-run channel Rossiya One. "I don't think this was actually anyone's wish -- to turn it into a world conflict." It wasn't known when the interview was originally taped. It aired even as speculation mounted about Putin's health, following an absence of several days from the public stage. He reappeared in public Monday. Russia formally annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula last March, after Ukraine's pro-Moscow President Viktor Yanukovych was ousted following street protests that turned bloody. Russia called his ouster a coup by radical Ukrainian nationalists. Before Crimea was formally absorbed by Russia, unidentified armed men had taken control of its administrative buildings and key military sites. A referendum was held on March 16, 2014 -- a year ago to the day -- on secession from Ukraine. Ukrainian officials at the time denied there was any threat to Russian citizens in Crimea. On Monday, Russia's Defense Minister Sergey Shoigu said Putin had ordered Russia's Northern Fleet and other military units to be placed on full combat alert for snap checks, state media reported. "The main aim ... is to evaluate the capabilities of the Northern Fleet to fulfill tasks on ensuring Russia's military security in the Arctic," Shoigu is quoted as saying by Russia's Tass news agency. The exercise will involve 38,000 military personnel, 41 warships, 15 submarines and 110 planes and helicopters, Shoigu said, according to Tass. In the documentary, titled "Crimea: Way Back Home," Putin said Moscow had had no choice but to act. "Crimea isn't just any territory for us, it is historically Russian territory," he said. Crimea, a Black Sea peninsula that has been part of Ukraine since 1954, has a majority Russian population and strong cultural and historical ties to Russia. It is also home to Russia's Black Sea fleet, at the Sevastopol naval base. But Putin said he had never thought of "dismembering" the peninsula from Ukraine until Yanukovych's ouster. "We cannot leave this area and the people who live there to whims of fate, to let the people of Crimea be thrown under the wheels of this nationalist bulldozer," he said. "I set certain tasks. I did say what and how we should do, but immediately stressed that we would do so only if we are absolutely convinced that the people who live in the Crimea want it." The vast majority of people who voted in the referendum approved secession from Ukraine. But the vote, staged while armed men controlled the region, was dismissed as illegal by Ukraine's then-interim government in Kiev, the European Union and the United States. The West responded with financial sanctions against selected Russian figures and Crimean secessionist leaders. German Chancellor Angela Merkel, meeting with Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko in Berlin on Monday, reiterated that Europe does not consider Russia's annexation of Crimea to be legal. "It is important that we work for a peaceful solution, and we will not give up before the full sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine has been restored," she said. "This not only includes Crimea but also now in our daily work the areas around Luhansk and Donetsk." Unrest broke out in Ukraine's eastern Donetsk and Luhansk regions following Russia's absorbing of Crimea. A fragile truce is currently in place but the conflict between pro-Russia separatists and Ukrainian forces there has claimed thousands of lives. Merkel warned that the European Union was ready to impose more sanctions if necessary against Russian interests to help ensure that a peace plan hammered out in Minsk, Belarus, last month is fully implemented. Putin told the documentary-makers he was certain the United States was behind the ouster of Yanukovych, which Moscow views as an illegal armed coup. "Formally, the opposition was primarily supported by Europeans, but we knew very well ... that the real puppeteers were our American partners and friends. It was them who helped prepare nationalists (and) combat troops," he said. He also said that sanctions should have been imposed against those who orchestrated what he called a coup, rather than those involved in Crimea's annexation. Putin insisted in remarks to reporters last month that there was no chance Crimea would be returned to Ukraine. And it appears Russia is taking no chances. In the documentary, Putin said Russia's Bastion high-precision coastal missile defense systems had been deployed to Crimea to protect the territory -- "in such a way that they were seen perfectly well from outer space." This can only be done following a decision by the supreme commander in chief, he said. "So, at a certain point, we deployed these coastal systems Bastion to make it clear that Crimea was under safe protection," he added. CNN's Alla Eshchenko and Emma Burrows reported from Moscow, while Laura Smith-Spark wrote from London. | Russian President Vladimir Putin was interviewed for a documentary on Crimea shown on Russian state TV . Asked if Russia had been prepared to bring its nuclear weapons into play, Putin said: "We were ready to do it" |
If I have more pieces at the time of stalemate, have I won? | Stalemate is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check and has no legal move. Stalemate results in a draw. During the endgame, stalemate is a resource that can enable the player with the inferior position to draw the game rather than lose. In more complex positions, stalemate is much rarer, usually taking the form of a swindle that succeeds only if the superior side is inattentive.[citation needed] Stalemate is also a common theme in endgame studies and other chess problems.
The outcome of a stalemate was standardized as a draw in the 19th century. Before this standardization, its treatment varied widely, including being deemed a win for the stalemating player, a half-win for that player, or a loss for that player; not being permitted; and resulting in the stalemated player missing a turn. Stalemate rules vary in other games of the chess family. | No.
Stalemate is a drawn position. It doesn't matter who has captured more pieces or is in a winning position |
Given these paragraphs about Large language models, what is hallucination? | A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks.
Properties
Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design.
Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to "memorize" a great quantity of facts during training.
Hallucinations
Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence)
In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a "hallucination" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data.
Emergent abilities
On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities.
Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called "emergent abilities". Researchers note that such abilities "cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs.
Architecture and training
Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or "filling in the blanks", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus.
The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens.
LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million.
A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters).
Application to downstream tasks
Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via "prompting" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions.
Fine-tuning
Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning)
Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be "frozen", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen).
Prompting
See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing)
In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In "few-shot prompting", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows:
Review: This movie stinks.
Sentiment: negative
Review: This movie is fantastic!
Sentiment:
If the model outputs "positive", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be "The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is".
Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering.
Instruction tuning
Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt "Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet." might provide a completion such as "A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17." In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, "self-instruct", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model | In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a "hallucination" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data. |
What is better: Tiramisu with chocolate or with Strawberries ? | Tiramisu appears to have been invented in the 1960s, but where and when exactly is unclear.
The recipe for tiramisu is not found in cookbooks before the 1960s. It is mentioned in a Sydney Morning Herald restaurant column published in 1978. It is not mentioned in encyclopedias and dictionaries of the 1970s, first appearing in an Italian dictionary in 1980, and in English in 1982. It is mentioned in a 1983 cookbook devoted to cooking of the Veneto.
Obituaries for the restaurateur Ado Campeol (1928–2021) reported that it was invented at his restaurant Le Beccherie in Treviso on 24 December 1969 by his wife Alba di Pillo (1929–2021) and the pastry chef Roberto Linguanotto. The dish was added to its menu in 1972. Accounts by Carminantonio Iannaccone claim the tiramisu sold at Le Beccherie was made by him in his bakery, created on 24 December 1969.
It has been claimed that tiramisu has aphrodisiac effects and was concocted by a 19th-century Treviso brothel madam, as the Accademia Del Tiramisù explains, to "solve the problems they may have had with their conjugal duties on their return to their wives".
There is evidence of a "Tiremesù" semi-frozen dessert served by the Vetturino restaurant in Pieris, in the Friuli Venezia Giulia, since 1938. This may be the name's origin, while the recipe for Tiramisu may have originated as a variation of another layered dessert, Zuppa Inglese. Others claim it was created towards the end of the 17th century in Siena in honour of Grand Duke Cosimo III.
On 29 July 2017, Tiramisu was entered by the Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies on the list of traditional Friulian and Giulian agri-food products in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region. In 2013, Luca Zaia, governor of Veneto sought European Union Protected Status certification for the dessert, based on the ingredients used in 1970, so substitute ingredients, such as strawberries, could not be used in a dish called tiramisu | Tiramisu with strawberries can not be called Tiramisu. Only with chocolate. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Los Angeles (CNN)America's Skid Row sits in downtown Los Angeles. This pocket of 2,000 men and women constitutes the nation's biggest concentration of homeless people living and sleeping on public sidewalks, in scattered camps under tarps. Not surprisingly, sanitary conditions are appalling. This quarter of despair is now at the center of national attention for another reason: This week, Los Angeles police and a homeless man in a tent engaged in a confrontation, ending with officers fatally shooting the man known only as "Africa," an apparent reference to his home continent. It was all captured on video by bystanders. Police allege "Africa" tried to reach for an officer's gun, prompting the police gunfire against him. "Skid Row is a 54-block area that has the largest homeless number of individuals in the country," said Jerry Jones, executive director of the National Coalition for the Homeless. He's based in New York City. "New York City has the largest homeless population, but Los Angeles has the highest unsheltered population in the country, which has led to the destitution you see today," he added. New York City's unique right-to-shelter mandate ensures "temporary emergency shelter to every man, woman, and child who is eligible for services, every night," the city's website says. But not in Los Angeles, where two-thirds of the county's 40,000 homeless people are unsheltered, Jones said. So many live on the streets of downtown Los Angeles -- and elsewhere. In some American minds, Los Angeles may conjure up images of a great American city cursed with an abandoned urban core. That's an old memory. Today, downtown Los Angeles enjoys a renaissance, right down to the new hotels and mall surrounding the Staples Center, where professional basketball and hockey are played, often to championships. But not on Skid Row. (That's its official designation. Even Google maps label it so.) There are few champion moments here. The only exception may be the everyday heroes who labor in 107 charities and agencies feeding and comforting the lost souls bivouacked on the street. The triple-digit number of social service agencies, however, is often cited as one reason that Los Angeles endures as the nation's Skid Row capital: There's a $54-million-a-year charitable infrastructure anchored to the poverty district. Nobody seems to be going anywhere. That doesn't deter Ryan Navales, manager of government and public affairs for the Midnight Mission, which strives to lift people out of poverty. His work and those of his peers is like that of Sisyphus to the rock, the mythic figure whose endless labor was to push a rock to the top of a mountain and then have to do it all over again after the rock rolled downhill. "Skid Row has become less transient," Navales said. "The history of skid row goes back to a transient neighborhood associated with the railroad. The true definition of transient is short term. Now it's long term. It's become a neighborhood." The century-old Midnight Mission now serves 3,000 meals daily to the homeless, Navales said. Navales cites a shortage of affordable housing as a reason for how "there's no place for people to go." He asserts his agencies and others offers hope to those who feel hopeless. Navales knows from personal experience. He once worked for Microsoft as a network administrator in the 1990s, but he lost it all, including his family. Drug addiction obliterated his life. "After destroying my family, in and out of jail, in and out of treatment, I was living on the streets and doing what people have to do on the streets to support a really gnarly heroin habit," Navales said. "In August of 2011, I was brought to the Midnight Mission homeless," he added. "I had a backpack on." He now wears a suit, on Skid Row's front line, trying to relieve and unravel the nation's Gordian knot of poverty. CNN's Paul Vercammen contributed to this report. | Skid Row in L.A. is a 54-block area home to the nation's largest concentration of homeless people . New York City has the biggest homeless population, but L.A. has biggest number of unsheltered homeless . The homeless in downtown Los Angeles' Skid Row live on sidewalks under tarps and tents . |
Using examples taken from the text give me a summary of the main arguments in favour of slavery reparations in the United States and the anticipated cost of enacting such reparations | Slavery ended in the United States in 1865 with the end of the American Civil War and the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction". At that time, an estimated four million African Americans were set free.
Support for reparations
Within the political sphere, a bill demanding slavery reparations has been proposed at the national level, the "Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act," which former Rep. John Conyers Jr. (D-MI) reintroduced to the United States Congress every year from 1989 until his resignation in 2017. As its name suggests, the bill recommended the creation of a commission to study the "impact of slavery on the social, political and economic life of our nation"., however there are cities and institutions which have initiated reparations in the US (see § Legislation and other actions for a list).
In 1999, African-American lawyer and activist Randall Robinson, founder of the TransAfrica advocacy organization, wrote that America's history of race riots, lynching, and institutional discrimination have "resulted in $1.4 trillion in losses for African Americans". Economist Robert Browne stated the ultimate goal of reparations should be to "restore the black community to the economic position it would have if it had not been subjected to slavery and discrimination". He estimates a fair reparation value anywhere between $1.4 to $4.7 trillion, or roughly $142,000 (equivalent to $162,000 in 2021) for every black American living today. Other estimates range from $5.7 to $14.2 and $17.1 trillion.
In 2014, American journalist Ta-Nehisi Coates published an article titled "The Case for Reparations", which discussed the continued effects of slavery and Jim Crow laws and made renewed demands for reparations. Coates refers to Rep. John Conyers Jr.'s H.R.40 Bill, pointing out that Congress's failure to pass this bill expresses a lack of willingness to right their past wrongs.
In September 2016, the United Nations' Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent encouraged Congress to pass H.R.40 to study reparations proposals. Still, the Working Group did not directly endorse any specific reparations proposal. The report noted that there exists a legacy of racial inequality in the United States, explaining that "Despite substantial changes since the end of the enforcement of Jim Crow and the fight for civil rights, ideology ensuring the domination of one group over another, continues to negatively impact the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of African Americans today." The report notes that a "dangerous ideology of white supremacy inhibits social cohesion among the US population".
The topic of reparations gained renewed attention in 2020 as the Black Lives Matter movement named reparations as one of their policy goals in the United States.
In 2020, rapper T.I. supported reparations that would give every African American US$1 million and asserted that slavery caused mass incarcerations, poverty, and other ills. | In spite of progressive changes since the end of enforcement of Jim Crow and the successes of the fight for civil rights there are still inherent racial inequalities in the USA which negatively affect the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of African Americans today. A United Nations report of 2016 did not endorse a specific reparations proposal, but did call out that there is an ideology of white supremacy present in the population of the United States that inhibits social cohesion. Further arguments have been made identifying slavery as a cause of mass incarcerations, poverty and other ills that affect today’s African Americans.
It could be argued that there is an inherent acknowledgement that the case exists to examine the impact of slavery on the social, political and economic life of the United States in the annual submission to Congress of the "Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act”. There are also individual cities within the USA which have instituted reparations. Estimates of the cost to African Americans of the United States’ history of discrimination have been estimated variously at $1.4 trillion, $4.7 trillion, $5.7 trillion, $14.2 trillion and $17.1 trillion. These estimates express the projected cost in $ to restore the black community to the economic position it would have if it had not been subjected to slavery and discrimination. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A survivor of the Boston Marathon bombing has posted an open letter to bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev on her Facebook page, just hours after testifying on the first day of the 21-year-old's trial. Rebekah Gregory, 27, from Houston, Texas, lost half of her left leg after 18 surgeries following the April 15, 2013 blast. She and her 5-year-old son, Noah, had been watching her boyfriend's mother compete in the race when the explosion occurred. Scroll down for video . Rebekah Gregory, pictured left in a courtroom sketch from Wednesday, who lost half of her left leg as a result of the bomb, wrote a lengthy Facebook post in which she said seeing Tsarnaev in court had helped her realize she isn't afraid anymore . On Wednesday night she wrote a lengthy post in which she said seeing Tsarnaev in court had helped her come to terms with what happened that fateful day. 'TODAY...I looked at you right in the face....and realized I wasn't afraid anymore,' Gregory wrote. 'And today I realized that sitting across from you was somehow the crazy kind of step forward that I needed all along.' The emotional letter has been shared more than 2,500 times and received over 11,000 'likes' within hours of being posted. Earlier Ms Gregory had told the court that the last thing she remembered before the explosion was entertaining Noah who was bored watching the runners. She said that the force of the blast had thrown her backwards and immediately she began looking for her son - but realized she had bones sticking out of her legs and arms and flesh hanging from her body. 'My bones were lying next to me on the sidewalk,' Gregory recalled during her testimony in federal court in Boston. 'I felt that was the day I would die.' Ms Gregory's boyfriend Pete DiMartino, 30, was also present at the bombing and suffered a shattered ankle, a ruptured eardrum, and lost his right Achilles tendon in the blast . She told the court that she could hear Noah screaming 'mommy' and asked God to take her but not her son. Ms Gregory began to weep as she said that as she scanned for Noah, she saw the body of Krystle Campbell lying behind her. She recalled that an emergency responder told her she was going to be OK then yelled: 'We have an amputee!' Several jurors were close to tears as Ms Gregory told the court that she still has shrapnel in her body and each time a piece works its way to the surface, she will have an operation. Her son Noah suffered a shrapnel injury to his leg and head. Ms Gregory was shown a photo in court in which she was able to identify herself and her family with bomber, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, standing directly behind. Ms Gregory's boyfriend Pete DiMartino, 30, was also present and suffered a shattered ankle, a ruptured eardrum, and lost his right Achilles tendon in the blast. The couple announced last month that they have separated after just 10 months of marriage. Gregory and DiMartino announced last month that they have separated after just 10 months of marriage, left, while Dzhokhar Tsarnaev is on trail for his role in the marathon blast on April 15, 2013 . Despite getting married and staying together as Gregory had her leg amputated, the couple have decided to part ways citing irreparable strain, The People reported. Gregory, who struggled her way down the aisle after learning to walk again following the amputation, told The People: 'After the decision was made to amputate my leg in November, I found myself having to make an even more painful choice – to separate from my husband Pete. 'Over the last several months I've come to realize that going through such a horrific event together put a fast-forward on our relationship that we each handled differently. 'While my heart is beyond broken, I have a certain peace knowing from day one, I truly gave it my all, and have been fully invested in keeping this marriage, and my commitment before God. 'I still love Pete with all of my heart and ask that everyone respect our privacy as we try to figure out our next steps. 'As for now, I am focused on doing what I feel is best for my son and I, and will concentrate my time on healing, both physically and emotionally.' The couple had a fairytale wedding, documented on the season finale of TLC's popular reality show, Say Yes To The Dress. They wed in Asheville, North Carolina, in April last year then moved to Houston, Texas. Seeing Tsarnaev in court had helped her realize she isn't afraid of him anymore, wrote Rebekah Gregory . Dear Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, . My name is Rebekah Gregory. We don't really know each other and never will. But over the last two years, I have seen your face not only in pictures, but in almost every one of my nightmares. Moments before the first blast, your stupid backpack even brushed up against my arm, but I doubt you remember because I am no one to you. A complete stranger. And although I was merely just a blip on your radar, (someone that happened to be standing 3 feet from your designated 'good spot' for a bomb), you have been so much more to me. Because you have undoubtedly been my source of fear since April 15th, 2013. (After all, you are one of the men responsible for nearly taking my child, and for the permanent image embedded in my brain of watching someone die.) Up until now, I have been truly scared of you and because of this, fearful of everything else people might be capable of. But today, all that changed. Because this afternoon, I got to walk into a courtroom and take my place at the witness stand, just a few feet away from where you were sitting. (I was WALKING. Did you get that?) And today I explained all the horrific details, of how you changed my life, to the people that literally hold YOURS in their hands. That's a little scary right? And this afternoon before going in, I'm not going to lie..my palms were sweaty. And sitting up there talking to the prosecution did make me cry. But today, do you know what else happened? TODAY...I looked at you right in the face....and realized I wasn't afraid anymore. And today I realized that sitting across from you was somehow the crazy kind of step forward that I needed all along. And I think that's the ironic thing that happens when someone intends something for evil. Because somehow, some way, it always ends up good. But you are a coward. A little boy who wouldn't even look me in the eyes to see that. Because you can't handle the fact that what you tried to destroy, you only made stronger. And if your eyes would've met mine for just one second, you would've also seen that what you 'blew up' really did BLOW UP. Because now you have given me (and the other survivors) a tremendous platform to help others, and essentially do our parts in changing the world for the better. So yes...you did take a part of me. Congratulations you now have a leg up...literally. But in so many ways, you saved my life. Because now, I am so much more appreciative of every new day I am given. And now, I get to hug my son even tighter than before, blessed that he is THRIVING, despite everything that has happened. So now...while you are sitting in solitary confinement, (awaiting the verdict on your life), I will be actually ENJOYING everything this beautiful world has to offer. And guess what else? I will do so without fear....of YOU. Because now to me you're a nobody, and it is official that you have lost. So man that really sucks for you bro. I truly hope it was worth it. Sincerely, . Someone you shouldn't have messed with . #bostonstrong . | Rebekah Gregory, 27, wrote that seeing Tsarnaev in court had helped her realize she isn't afraid of him anymore . Her lost half of her left leg after 18 surgeries following the April 15, 2013 marathon blast . 'Today I realized that sitting across from you was somehow the crazy kind of step forward that I needed all along,' she wrote . Earlier in the day in court she had wept as she recalled seeing a death body in the aftermath of the deadly blast . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Officers are searching for three men wanted on assault charges after a public brawl with two teenagers in front of a bar on St Patrick's Day. Police say the three men, who were all dressed in New York Jets jerseys, got into an argument with the 17-year-old victims inside O’Brien’s in Midtown Manhattan before the fight spilled into the street. Pix11 reports the two teenagers were transported to Bellevue Hospital with facial fractures after being punched, kicked and hit with bottles. Scroll down for video . Street fight: A bottle is wield by one man (left) as a group brawled outside of O'Brien's bar on St Patrick's Day in midtown Manhattan, leaving two teenagers injured, police say . Huffington Post reports that bystander Anthony Rooar Decarlis was out drinking when he saw the fight occur, so he pulled out his phone to record a video of the fight. 'All of a sudden this fight just erupted,' Decarlis said. 'I started recording. There were three different fights. One guy got hit with a bottle, one guy fell to the ground and got kicked in the face.' One of the men struck during the brawl was knocked unconscious with his eye 'swollen up to the size of a grapefruit,' according to Decarlis. 'People were trying to see if he had a pulse,' he added. Decarlis said he called 911 after recording the fight, but said he left before officers arrived because onlookers had called police as well. Huffington Post reported that on Wednesday they were told the NYPD had 'no complaint report on file for this incident.' Caught on tape: Anthony Rooar Decarlis says he recorded the fight on his cellphone before calling police, though he left before officers arrived . Search: Police are looking for three individuals who fought in front of a midtown Manhattan bar, leaving two teenagers with facial fractures . No arrests: Though a bystander says he called police, he left before officers arrived, and Huffington Post said the NYPD did not have a complaint report on file for the incident . Decarlis posted the video to Facebook where it has so far earned more than 450,000 views and added the hashtag #WORLDSTAR, referencing a popular site for videos of fights. He also criticized lack of attention on the St Patrick's Day brawl after New York media outlets covered a group of black teens who beat a 15-year-old in a Brooklyn McDonald's extensively last week. 'I feel like the media is trying to show African-Americans in such a negative light,' Decarlis said, explaining he'd like to see 'public outrage' over the drunken brawl, which appeared to include only white males. Police have arrested six allegedly involved in the Brooklyn beating, which left a teenage girl with non-life threatening injuries. Mayor Bill de Blasio called the video 'deeply disturbing' and suggested the attackers had 'mental health' issues that needed to be addressed, as well as said bystanders should have stepped in. Community organizer Tony Herbert, meanwhile, sided against television and video games while trying to find a reason behind the attack. 'Young people don't have positive images in front of them,' Herbert told ABC7. 'They get these dumb reality TV shows, the violent video games and the music.' | The NYPD are searching for three men seen wearing Jets jerseys . An argument occurred in O'Brien's pub that spilled into the street . Two teenagers were left with fractures to their faces after being punched, kicked and hit with bottles . No one has been arrested in connection to the incident . |
How has McDonald's target audience changed over time? | Fast food restaurants often aim some of their advertising directly at the youth population. McDonald's Happy Meals, which include a toy often tied in with a newly released family film, is a significant example. Ronald McDonald, a clown advertising mascot introduced in 1963 and designed to appeal to young children, is another. In addition, in 1987 McDonald's incorporated a Play Place in their restaurants to further advertise to children, making their restaurants a more appealing environment for children. Additionally, from 1996 to 2006, Disney was an exclusive partner with McDonald's, linking their products together. They announced the end of this deal in May 2006, with some reports saying that Disney was worried about childhood obesity. Other than Disney, McDonald's has also been partnered with Nintendo since 1985, when the Nintendo Entertainment System was first introduced. In 1987, McDonald's also created a Nintendo play land in their restaurants where kids could play on Nintendo consoles while waiting for their food. During 2007, McDonald's began to provide WiFi from the Nintendo consoles; giving children the ability to play wherever they were. With also a target audience of children releasing these new films and incorporating toys, it uses the kids to reach out to their parents pockets because of their large investment. | McDonald's has consistently aimed their advertising directly at the youth population.
Starting in 1963, they introduced Ronald McDonald, a clown advertising mascot designed to appeal to young children. Over the years, McDonald's partnered with multiple companies that have products targeted at children, such as Nintendo and Disney. |
Please give me a brief history of the Edinburgh Central Library? | Today there are 28 public libraries in Edinburgh but, as the first to open in the Scottish capital, the creation of Central Library was funded with £50,000 by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. At the opening ceremony a telegram from Carnegie was read out stating: "We trust that this Library is to grow in usefulness year after year, and prove one of the most potent agencies for the good of the people for all time to come."
The site selected for the library was the former home of Sir Thomas Hope, 1st Baronet Hope of Craighall, advocate for King Charles I. The structure, built in 1616, was demolished in March 1887 to make way for the library. The lintel from Hope's home, bearing the carved inscription TECUM HABITA 1616 from the fourth satire of Persius, is preserved above an inner doorway of the library.
Carnegie's funding was initially an offer of £25,000 in 1886 which was doubled, overcoming prior opposition to the establishment of a public library, the city—last of those to do so in Scotland—adopted the Public Libraries Act and on 9 July 1887, Carnegie laid the foundation stone of architect George Washington Browne's French Renaissance-styled building.
Washington Browne's design was the winning entry in the architectural competition for the new library and was selected from 37 submissions. His grand building stands three levels tall above George IV Bridge and reaches down to the Cowgate below, spanning the disjointed streets of Edinburgh's Old Town.
Above the main door is the motto, "Let there be Light" which Carnegie insisted was placed above the entrance to every library he funded. The facade of Central Library is also decorated with stone carvings depicting the coat of arms of the City of Edinburgh, Coat of Arms of Scotland and the Royal Arms. There are nine small square reliefs relating to printers and a large sculpture of Caledonia by Alexander Handyside Ritchie.
Records for 1890, the first full year the library was open, show that over 440,000 book loans were issued.
Central library has been adapted and expanded many times over the years. Only a year after opening the library was already running out of space and a book store was added in 1903. By 1928, the library was short of space again. Proposals were made for a better use of the space and a public lift was installed.
In 1930, the adjacent building at no.3 George IV Bridge was acquired allowing the library to expand again. Further nearby premises were bought in the 1940s and in 1961, a mezzanine level was created above the former Newspaper Room.
In May 2014, the new children's and music libraries were opened within the main library building. These had previously been housed in a separate building on George IV Bridge. The children's library features a wall graphic by award-winning children's book illustrator Catherine Rayner.
In November 2017, on the 100th anniversary of her death, a memorial to Dr Elsie Inglis, the founder of the Scottish Women's Hospitals, was unveiled at Central Library. | The Edinburgh Central Library was opened in 1890 on the site of the former home of Sir Thomas Hope, 1st Baronet Hope of Craighal with funding from Andrew Carnegie as part of the the Public Libraries Act.
The building was designed by architect Washington Browne and stands three levels tall above George IV Bridge in the disjointed streets of Edinburgh's Old Town. Above the main door is the motto, "Let there be Light" which Carnegie insisted was placed above the entrance to every library he funded.
The Central library has expanded many times over the years with the addition of a book store in 1903. In 1930, the adjacent building at no.3 George IV Bridge was acquired allowing the library to expand again. Additional nearby premises were bought in 1940 and 1961 to create mezzanine level above the former Newspaper Room. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Diego Simeone has signed a new contract at Atletico Madrid that will keep him at the club until 2020. The current Spanish champions have long since made it clear they want the Argentine coach to be ‘their Sir Alex Ferguson’ and build an empire in Madrid. And finally on Monday negotiations concluded with Simeone’s sister and agent, Natalia, over a new deal that extends his current commitment to 2017 by three years and raises his annual net salary to £4.4m. Atletico Madrid manager Diego Simeone has signed a contract extension at the club until 2020 . Simeone has pledged his future to Atletico for the next five years, with the aim of building an empire . The contract includes a clause allowing him to leave at the end of a season for reduced compensation . All but confirming he had received offers from other clubs Simeone said: ‘I have chosen to stay here because the club is growing. 'It is strong and that fills me with enthusiasm. In life it is difficult to choose sometimes but I am sure about the decision I have taken.’ Confirmation of Simeone’s loyalty to the club where he won La Liga last season will disappoint a clutch of Premier League clubs interested in his services but the deal is believed to include a clause that would allow him to leave for a reduced compensation package if he did so at the end of any given season. Atletico Madrid are now 20 per cent owned by Chinese corporation Wanda and Simeone has been told money will be available in the summer without the need to cash in on top players as in previous seasons. He has already made a summer shortlist of transfer targets and recouping Chelsea full-back Felipe Luis and signing Villarreal striker Luciano Vietto are part of it. Simeone led Atletico Madrid to the Champions League final last year and has been on the radar of both Manchester United and Manchester City in the past year and Chelsea before they hired Jose Mourinho for a second time. The Argentine revealed he had the chance to join other clubs, but chose to stay in Madrid with Atletico . Simeone led the Vicente Calderon outfit to the La Liga title and Champions League final last season . | Diego Simeone will pen a contract extension at Atletico Madrid on Tuesday . Simeone led Atletico to their first La Liga crown in 18 years last season . Argentine also led Atletico to the Champions League final last year . |
From the passage mention the years in which Virat Kohli won a trophy. Display the results in comma separated format. | Virat Kohli (Hindi pronunciation: [ʋɪˈɾɑːʈ ˈkoːɦli] (listen); born 5 November 1988) is an Indian international cricketer and the former captain of the Indian national cricket team who plays as a right-handed batsman for Royal Challengers Bangalore in the IPL and for the Delhi in Indian domestic cricket. Widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen of all time, Kohli holds the records for scoring most runs in T20 internationals and in the IPL. In 2020, the International Cricket Council named him the male cricketer of the decade. Kohli has also contributed to a number of India's successes, including winning the 2011 World Cup and the 2013 Champions trophy.
Born and raised in New Delhi, Kohli trained at the West Delhi Cricket Academy and started his youth career with the Delhi Under-15 team. He made his international debut in 2008 and quickly became a key player in the ODI team and later made his Test debut in 2011. In 2013, Kohli reached the number one spot in the ICC rankings for ODI batsmen for the first time. During 2014 T20 World Cup, he set a record for the most runs scored in the tournament. In 2018, he achieved yet another milestone, becoming the world's top-ranked Test batsman, making him the only Indian cricketer to hold the number one spot in all three formats of the game. His form continued in 2019, when he became the first player to score 20,000 international runs in a single decade. In 2021, Kohli made the decision to step down as the captain of the Indian national team for T20Is, following the T20 World Cup and in early 2022 he stepped down as the captain of the Test team as well. | 2011, 2013 |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Raheem Sterling contract situation at Liverpool is coming to the boil, after the latest snub from the player’s representatives, and an indication that talks won’t resume until the summer. Brendan Rodgers says he’s relaxed but I find that hard to believe. He won’t want to lose Sterling, a talent that he can rightly be proud of, and justifiably claim he has helped turn into a star quality player. But I can’t understand why Liverpool have consistently put the message out that there will not be a problem with the Sterling situation. The outcome of that policy is that Sterling looks greedy – why do the football club want to make one of their star players look bad in the eyes of the supporters? Raheem Sterling's contract situation at Liverpool is unlikely to be resolved until the summer . Sterling and his representatives are understood to have knocked back the latest £100,000-a-week offer . Chelsea look knackered... Jose Mourinho must start putting his faith in youth or he'll blow the Premier League . If you view Wayne Rooney as anything other than a fantastic player then you have no passion for football . So now there is a situation locally with fans and the press are questioning his representatives, with the Liverpool Echo declaring this week that Sterling ‘needs to ask who is looking after his best interests.’ The answer to that question is simple. In football terms, Liverpool have looked after him. In the same way QPR looked after him before he was snapped up by the Reds, and in the same way Real Madrid might look after him if they choose to pay big money. Liverpool Football Club can’t expect too much loyalty from a player who was happy to leave QPR after seven years at Loftus Road. What goes around comes around, I guess. In financial terms - his agent is looking after his best interests, obviously. He’s got a family, he wants to set himself up comfortably for the rest of his life, and I can’t think of a reason why a player shouldn’t be allowed to do that. Brendan Rodgers says he is relaxed about Sterling's contract situation at Liverpool . Sterling left QPR after seven years at the club . Sterling’s contract runs out in 2017 and there is no way Liverpool will want this impasse to continue. If he even approaches the final year of his current deal without this being resolved, Liverpool could lose out. The days of a player accepting less than he feels he is worth because he is at a great club that gave him a big opportunity are long gone. It’s naive to think otherwise. A five-year deal of £100,000 a week has been rejected by Sterling. Daniel Sturridge is on £150,000 a week. Is there a reason why Sterling shouldn’t be on the same as Sturridge? Sterling is younger, but I’m not sure why age should come into it. Sterling has proved he can be a match winner, a key player and is a regular starter for Liverpool – same as Sturridge. Sterling’s fitness record is considerably better, which is unfortunate for Sturridge, but when an agent is negotiating on behalf of his player it is definitely something which counts in Sterling’s favour. The big difference between the careers of Sturridge and Sterling is that Sterling has proved himself at a much younger age. Why should he accept a less lucrative deal because of that? Makes no sense. If a player is committing to a club long-term, then the deal has to be right. The figures are ridiculous – but this is the Premier League where players' salaries are abnormally high. That’s not news. And to expect Sterling to launch his own one-man crusade for fairer wages in football is laughable. Daniel Sturridge is on a contract believed to worth £150,000 per week at Liverpool . VIDEO Rodgers has eye on second place . It’s a harsh reality for some who haven’t quite caught up with how modern football works, but Sterling is an excellent footballer, and his agent is working for his player to get the best deal for him. By making the offer of £100,000 a week, Liverpool Football Club have told Sterling that he is two-thirds of the player Sturridge is. If the agent had accepted that then Sterling would surely have sacked him. | Raheem Sterling is stalling over signing a new contract at Liverpool . Sterling is believed to have turned down an offer of £100,000-per-week . Daniel Sturridge is on a deal worth £150,000-per-week . Talks over new terms for Sterling are on hold until the end of the campaign . Real Madrid have been keeping tabs on Sterling's situation at Anfield . CLICK HERE for all the latest Liverpool news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A 19-year-old man from Gawler has been captured on camera racially attacking innocent Hungry Jacks staff and refusing their service at an Adelaide store. The incident was filmed by a customer in the Rundle St. store on Friday at 5.10 pm and shows a man dressed in jeans and a black T-shirt attempting to place an order at the counter. The man tells staff, 'I want it made by a white person,' and then refuses service. The 19-year-old can be seen abusing staff, calling them 'disgusting' and refusing their service . Another Hungry Jacks customer can be heard asking the man 'what's wrong with a Chinese guy making your burger?', to which the man says 'everything, you don't belong here'. The man then abuses a female staff member after she asks him to leave. He can be heard saying 'at least I'm born here c---, where do you come from, f---ing Africa or Asia? Disgusting.' The tirade is brought to an end when another customer grabs the man and physically removes him from the shop whilst saying 'We are all f---ing Australian.' Another customer ends the tirade by physically grabbing the man and removing him from the store . The man hangs around after being thrown out and is arrested by police a short distance away . After being removed from the store, the man continues his outburst by yelling at the customer, 'wait until I come back with the Rebels (Motorcycle Club) you f---ing idiot.' Police were called shortly after the incident took place and given a description of the man by other customers. The man was arrested a short distance away and charged with disorderly behaviour. He has been bailed and will appear in Adelaide Magistrate Court on the 26th of March. | A 19-year-old Gawler man has racially abused Hungry Jacks staff . His offensive outburst was captured on camera by a nearby customer . The tirade ended when another man threw him out of the store . He was arrested by police and will appear in Adelaide court on the 26th of March . |
What is use of bezier curve in Robotics? | Bézier curves can be used in robotics to produce trajectories of an end-effector due to the virtue of the control polygon’s ability to give a clear indication of whether the path is colliding with any nearby obstacle or object. Furthermore, joint space trajectories can be accurately differentiated using Bézier curves. Consequently, the derivatives of joint space trajectories are used in the calculation of the dynamics and control effort (torque profiles) of the robotic manipulator. | Bézier curves can be used in robotics to produce trajectories of an end-effector due to the virtue of the control polygon’s ability to give a clear indication of whether the path is colliding with any nearby obstacle or object. |
What is the first letter of every sentence, separated by commas? | YouTube has been led by a CEO since its founding in 2005, and has retained this leadership model even after its acquisition by Google. The current CEO is Neal Mohan, who was appointed on February 16, 2023. | Y,T |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester City are watching Sampdoria's Italy international midfielder Roberto Soriano. The 24-year-old was born in Germany to Italian parents and initially came through the ranks at Bayern Munich. City are looking for versatile attacking midfielders and are keen on Wolfsburg star Kevin de Bruyne. The Bundesliga side want a staggering £40million for the Belgian who they bought from Chelsea for £16.7m and Bayern Munich and Paris St Germain are also in the hunt. Roberto Soriano (centre) is being watched Manchester City scouts as they contemplate a move . Soriano was called up to the national squad last year and can play centrally or on the left hand side. Inter Milan and Schalke have also posted scouts to watch him lately. City had scouts watching Manchester United target Holland international winger Memphis Depay of PSV Eindhoven last week and his highly-rated teammate Jetro Willems, a 20-year-old left-back. Soriano (right) is challenged by Tomas Rincon of Genoa CFC during the Serie A clash . | Manchester City sent scouts to watch Sampdoria's Roberto Soriano . The midfielder is highly rated and was called up to the Italian squad . City are scouting Kevin de Bruyne, Memphis Depay and Jetro Willems . Click here for all the latest Manchester City news . |
Who is J.K.Rowling? | Joanne Rowling CH OBE FRSL (/ˈroʊlɪŋ/ "rolling"; born 31 July 1965), also known by her pen name J. K. Rowling, is a British author and philanthropist. She wrote Harry Potter, a seven-volume children's fantasy series published from 1997 to 2007. The series has sold over 600 million copies, been translated into 84 languages, and spawned a global media franchise including films and video games. The Casual Vacancy (2012) was her first novel for adults. She writes Cormoran Strike, an ongoing crime fiction series, under the alias Robert Galbraith. | Joanne Rowling a.k.a J.K.Rowling is the famous author of Harry Potter books. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | India has banned the broadcast of a controversial documentary in which one of the men who gang-raped and murdered a student is shown blaming the victim - a move the film's maker called 'arbitrary censorship'. Home Minister Rajnath Singh told India's parliament on Wednesday the comments of Mukesh Singh, one of five men convicted over the 2012 attack in New Delhi, were 'highly derogatory and an affront to the dignity of women'. 'The government condemns it,' he said of the documentary made by award-winning British film-maker Leslee Udwin, who won rare access to New Delhi's Tihar jail to interview the prisoner on death row. Scroll down for video . Indian activists take part in a vigil to mark the second anniversary of the fatal gang-rape of a student in New Delhi . 'It will not allow any organisation to leverage such an incident and use it for commercial purpose,' he said of the film, which charts the aftermath of the fatal gang-rape. Singh's comments in the Rajya Sabha, India's upper house, came after a New Delhi court late Tuesday issued an order banning media from showing the film, 'India's Daughter'. The reasons for the court ban were not immediately clear, but some in India have expressed concern that a convicted rapist was being given a platform for his views. Spokesman Rajan Bhagat said the New Delhi police had petitioned the court for a ban on the grounds that the film's 'objectionable content' could cause public disorder. The physiotherapy student died from her injuries 13 days after she was savagely attacked on a bus while on her way home from the cinema. The incident triggered violent protests in India. It highlighted the frightening level of violence against women in the world's second most populous country and led to a major reform of India's rape laws, speeding up trials and increasing penalties. India's NDTV network was due to have shown the documentary to mark International Women's Day on Sunday, when it will also be broadcast in six other countries including Britain. Udwin said she was heart-broken by the ban on the documentary, in which Mukesh Singh said the 23-year-old victim was to blame for her own death. He said: 'A girl is far more responsible for rape than a boy. A decent girl won't roam around at 9 o'clock at night .... Housework and housekeeping is for girls, not roaming in discos and bars at night doing wrong things, wearing wrong clothes.' The woman and her friend were returning home from seeing a movie at an upscale mall when they were tricked by the men into getting on the bus, which they'd taken out for a joyride. The attackers beat her friend and took turns raping the woman. They penetrated her with a rod, leaving severe internal injuries that caused her death. Singh, who was driving the bus, added: 'She should just be silent and allow the rape.' Police officers escort Mukesh Singh, one of the men convicted of the gang-rape and murder of an Indian student, outside the High Court in New Delhi, on September 24, 2013 . 'I am sure, positive, that NDTV will fight this arbitrary censorship all the way, because it is an organisation that stands up for values, for public welfare and for the greater good,' she told AFP. 'India is a country that values its rights and one of the most important of them is the freedom of speech, expression and that needs to be upheld.' Udwin said earlier she had permission from both prison authorities and the home ministry to film inside the vast Tihar jail in Delhi for her documentary. But Home Minister Singh said she had violated the terms of the agreement by not showing the complete unedited footage to jail officials. The documentary divided lawmakers on Wednesday, with many applauding the ban but others saying India must confront views such as the rapist's - however abhorrent. 'Banning this movie is not the answer,' said Anu Agha, an independent MP. 'We have to confront the issue that men in India do not respect women and any time there is a rape, blame is put on the woman.' No one at the NDTV network could immediately be reached for comment on the ban. But Udwin said she believed the move would only serve to increase interest in her film. 'The more they try to stop the film, the more they are going to pique people's interest,' she said. 'Now, everyone is going to want to see it.' Four men including Mukesh were sentenced to death for the crime, but their execution was later stayed on appeal by India's Supreme Court. One of the defendants hanged himself in prison, while another, who was under 18 at the time, got three years in juvenile detention. British film-maker Leslee Udwin speaks during a press conference in New Delhi on March 3 . | Mukesh Singh, convicted over the 2012 attack, said the victim was to blame . Physiotherapy student died after being savagely attack in New Delhi . But Singh said she brought the murder on herself, 'for being out at night' 'She should just be silent and allow the rape,' he added . His comments were made in a documentary by a British filmmaker . Home Minister Rajnath Singh denounced the comments . He told India's parliament they were 'an affront to the dignity of women' Indian court has ordered the banning of the documentary, India's Daughter . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Creflo Dollar is hoping a few folks will see fit to bless him. The minister, known for being a prosperity preacher at his Atlanta-area World Changers Church International, is seeking "200,000 people committed to sow $300 or more (to) help achieve our goal to purchase the G650 airplane." The figures were presented Friday in a nearly six-minute video on the Creflo Dollar Ministries website and total more than $60 million needed to buy the Gulfstream G650, which goes for a reported $65 million. The page featuring the video and information on the fundraiser has been taken down, but those wishing to donate are still able to do so on the church's gift page. The project isn't limited to member donations, as the site states that "we are asking members, partners and supporters of this ministry to assist us in acquiring a Gulfstream G650." The request goes on to detail that the luxury jet will transport Pastors Creflo and Taffi Dollar and member of the Dollars' church around the globe to help them spread the gospel. Prosperity gospel is a theology that promises wealth and health to those who tithe 10% of their income to the church. The video includes parishioners, a pilot, a project manager and even the President of Liberia, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, advocating on behalf of the pastor. On the video, the pastor chronicles incidents involving his current jet, which has been in service for more than three decades: The right engine went out en route to Australia, but the plane was able to safely land at its destination thanks to the experience of the pilot and crew. During another trip, mechanical failure caused the jet to skid off a runway in London while Taffi Dollar and their three daughters were aboard. Dollar attributed his family's safe arrival to "a grace working on that airplane, that brought my girls back home to me, you understand what I am saying?" he said from the pulpit to thunderous applause. Dollar said that after those incidents, he "knew that it was time to begin to believe God for a new airplane." The Gulfstream G650 would comfortably allow the ministry make its way around the world. It seats up to 14 passengers with berthing for six, according to gulfstream.com. The jet comes with two Rolls-Royce engines, high-speed Internet and two multichannel satellites and allows for a four-and-a-half-hour commute from New York to Los Angeles. "The G650 is the biggest, fastest, most luxurious, longest range and most technologically advanced jet -- by far," according to the site. In soliciting the donations, Dollar's site states, "We need your help to continue reaching a lost and dying world for the Lord Jesus Christ. Your love gift of any amount will be greatly appreciated." Attempts to contact Dollar's ministry for comment were unsuccessful. | Link to video asking church members to pledge goes to error page . The preacher wants to buy a new jet, as his current one is more than 30 years old . The jet would be used to help spread the gospel, Dollar says . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sanaa, Yemen (CNN)In just a few weeks, good relations with neighbors have become a matter of survival for Yemen's President Abdu Rabu Mansour Hadi. On Saturday, he joined his allies in Egypt, while battles raged on in his country. After Houthi rebels occupied the capital Sanaa weeks ago, his government fled. When Hadi called for military intervention to beat back their attempt to overthrow him, adjacent countries answered with a grand airstrike operation. In the darkness of early Saturday, their jets increased the hail of ordnance on Sanaa, as Saudi led operation al-Hazm Storm went into its third day. And Hadi waited in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt to meet with the region's leaders at the Arab League summit. This past "night was by far the scariest night since the raids started," said journalist Hakim Almasmari in Sanaa. "The strikes were so strong and continuous." The jets bombarded Hadi's weapons caches and other military assets, Houthi and Yemeni government officials said. Saudi Arabia has blockaded the Houthis, effectively cutting off their supply lines, and its air force controls Yemeni airspace. Saudi Arabia and Egypt have spoken about the possibility of putting boots on the ground. The Arab League is expected to give its official blessing to al-Hazm Storm on Saturday, which could clear the way for a ground invasion, CNN's Becky Anderson reported. But a few member nations, such as Shiite majority Iraq or possibly Algeria, could give military action a thumbs down. Though the Saudi kingdom has taken the lead with some 100 warplanes, the coalition partners include the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Jordan, Morocco, Sudan and Egypt. Arab Spring wasn't supposed to turn out like this . Together they comprise about a third of the Arab League's membership. They are majority Sunni Muslim nations, and the Houthi rebels are Shiite Muslims allied with Iran. Having Yemen become an Iranian satellite country on its border would be perceived as a major threat by neighboring Saudi Arabia, which sees the Houthis as proxies of Tehran, Saudi Arabia's bitter rival on the Persian Gulf. Iran has sharply denounced the armed intervention. The United States, on the other hand, strongly approves of it and is supporting it logistically, and aiding coalition forces in locating targets, but it is not participating in active battle. A small contingency of U.S. forces had been stationed in Yemen to help in the fight against Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, but left once Houthi rebels took the capital. Dozens of people have died in the strikes, and on Saturday, Human Rights Watch said many of the victims were civilians, perhaps as many as 34. "Reports of air strikes and anti-aircraft weapons in heavily populated areas raise serious concerns that not enough is being done to ensure their safety," HRW regional spokesman Joe Stork said. A Saudi Arabia defense official blamed civilian deaths on the Houthis, saying they were using them as human shields. Brig. Gen. Ahmed bin Hasan Asiri said the kingdom's military was using precision weapons to avoid collateral damage, state-run Saudi News Agency reported. Media outlets have come under fire as well. An hour after Hadi ordered the closure of all Houthi-controlled media -- including Yemen TV and Saba TV -- Houthis raided two TV channels and the prominent Al Masdar newspaper. Al Jazeera's office in Sanaa was also targeted, the Qatar-based network said, with Houthis looting security cameras and damaging equipment. Opinion: Why Yemen has come undone . Journalist Hakim Almasmari reported from Yemen, and CNN's Ben Brumfield wrote this story from Atlanta. CNN's Becky Anderson, Salma Abdelaziz and Mustafa al-Arab contributed to this report. | Yemen's President rallies support on Saturday in Egypt . Arab League blessing of military action may set the stage for a ground invasion . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Families crossing the Channel by Eurotunnel or ferry face Easter misery after ministers insisted on introducing new exit checks during one of the busiest getaways of the year. Queues of up to five miles and lengthy delays are predicted when the new regime starts on April 8. Under the new rules, the passport of every passenger in a car or coach will have to be individually scanned. Ministers insist that knowing who is leaving the country is vital for counting the number of immigrants in Britain and fighting crime and terrorism. Nightmare journeys: P&O Ferries has claimed new border control rules will cause huge delays leaving the country with 'coachloads of little old ladies bearing the brunt' But even though no checks have taken place over the past 17 years, the Home Office decided the best date to reinstate them should be on the second week in April – when vast numbers of Britons head to the continent during the Easter school break. Ferry companies warn that holidaymakers will be held in queues on the A20 in Kent, blocking the route between Dover and Folkestone during one of the busiest times of year. MPs on the home affairs select committee were sent a letter from the UK Chamber of Shipping claiming trials had shown that queues of at least 650 vehicles would form on busy days. Tim Reardon, the chamber’s policy director, said: ‘The model showed that, with tourist and freight check-in transactions extended by exit checks, the queue of traffic heading for the port of Dover would extend at least 8km, blocking the A20 almost as far as Folkestone.’ Eurotunnel calculates the new system will quadruple the time taken to get vehicles onto shuttle trains. Buses with 30 or more passengers on board will take even longer. Checking a car on to a cross-Channel train takes 15 seconds at the moment. But passport checks on up to five passengers will stretch that closer to two minutes, adding to delays. Eurotunnel public affairs director John Keefe said: ‘You only have to multiply the number of people in each vehicle – five six or seven in a car or 30 or more in a coach – to see how this will play out. Protective measures: The checks start on April 8 and Eurotunnel and ferry companies will be checking the passports of all those leaving the country to tighten national security . ‘That increases the risk of congestion and delays. That’s the risk we are trying to mitigate. But the risks are significant.’ Advice: Immigration Minister James Brokenshire told the Today programme that people should set out on their journeys earlier to avoid delays . Ministers were last night under pressure from MPs to make exceptions to the rules, such as large coach parties. Interviewed on BBC Radio Four’s Today programme yesterday, immigration minister James Brokenshire twice hesitated before saying passengers should set out early on their journeys. Quizzed a third time, he said: ‘On busy days I think it is advisable for anyone to set out earlier to ensure that they are at their ports of departure on time.’ He denied there would be chaos, insisting: ‘There are often queues at both Eurotunnel and also Dover in terms of their day-to-day operations.’ In the event of huge queues, managers on the ground will not have the authority to relax the checks. They would have to seek personal approval from a minister or government official. Transport bosses say the April 8 deadline has been imposed for political reasons so ministers can say they have exit checks in place before the general election. The original date they had in mind was April 1 – just two days before Good Friday – but implementation was delayed by a week when the Home Office was warned the consequences would be even worse. Despite the inconvenience caused by the checks, the Home Office will still not have a full picture of who is in the country. The checks do not apply to journeys to Ireland or travel by private aircraft or boats. Airports are not likely to be hit by the checks. Heathrow said it did not anticipate ‘any disruption or any visible changes to passenger journeys’. A spokesman for the hub said 96 per cent of flights already collect advance passenger information. | Unpopular new measure to be introduced at British borders in Easter break . Passports to be checked for all passengers in cars or coaches leaving UK . P&O Ferries claims it is 'little old ladies' who will suffer under the new rules . Eurotunnel chief said it could push border management 'beyond capacity' But ministers say it is vital for counting the number of immigrants in Britain . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Riders on a New York roller coaster took the long way down Sunday after Coney Island's historic Cyclone got stuck in its track on opening day. No one was injured in the mishap, which occurred about noon during the first run because of an "isolated mechanical issue," a Luna Park spokeswoman said. The park's operations team helped each passenger down "one by one," and the ride was closed the rest of the day for repairs, spokeswoman Erica Hoffman said. "Safety is the number one priority for our guests here at Luna Park," Hoffman said. "Nobody was injured, and those on the ride were safely evacuated and will be able to come ride again for free when it is open again." Images and videos shared on social media showed people slowly walking down the 88-year-old wooden roller coaster. "That thing was the scariest thing I ever did," 24-year-old David Zubin told amNY of the walk down. "The bricks, walking down, looked like it was going to break when you stepped on it." Steven Hernandez was waiting in line when the coaster got stuck. He and others watched in suspense, taking photos and video on their smartphones, as riders carefully climbed down stairs alongside the track. The 22-year-old from Brooklyn said he shows up for opening day at Luna Park every year. He heads straight to the Cyclone to be among the first 100 people who get to ride for free, he said. "People were trying to figure out why the Cyclone got stuck at the top," he said. "I go there every year, (and) that never happened." The Cyclone opened on June 26, 1927, during Coney Island's heyday as one of country's largest recreation areas. With more than 2,640 feet of track featuring 12 drops and 27 elevation changes, the Cyclone was long considered the standard against which "compact wooden twisters" were measured. An official New York City Landmark since July 12, 1988, Cyclone was listed in the New York State Register of Historic Places on June 31, 1991, according to NYC.com. Its status help preserve its spot in Coney Island after the Astroland amusement park closed in 2008 and reopened as Luna Park in 2009. See images of the situation . Hernandez received a complimentary ticket for his next ride after the park operators closed the ride for repairs. He looks forward to using it; the incident won't deter him from returning to the Cyclone, he said. "I've been riding that ride since I was 14," he said. "I love it." CNN's David Shortell contributed to this report. | No injuries reported after Coney Island roller coaster gets stuck in track . Says one rider of the walk down: "That thing was the scariest thing I ever did" |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The NFL have fined the Atlanta Falcons and stripped them of a draft pick following the team's use of fake crowd noise at home games. In a statement released on Monday, the league announced that the Falcons have been fined $350,000 (£237,000) and will forfeit their fifth-round selection in the 2016 draft. If the Falcons have multiple picks in that round, the highest selection will be forfeited. Team president Rich McKay has also been suspended from the league's Competition Committee beginning April 1. Atlanta Falcons have been fined £237,000 for their use of fake crowd noise at the Georgia Dome . Owner Arthur Blank acknowledged the team's wrongdoing and described the incident as embarrassing . The NFL noted throughout the 2013 season and into the 2014 season the Falcons violated league rules that state 'at no point during the game can artificial crowd noise or amplified crowd noise be played in the stadium.' The league also said Roddy White, the team's former director of event marketing, was directly responsible for the violation and would have been suspended without pay for the first eight weeks of the 2015 regular season had he still been with the club. The Falcons fired him. The league determined that Falcons ownership and senior executives, including McKay, were unaware of the use of an audio file with artificial crowd noise. But as the senior club executive overseeing game operations, McKay bears some responsibility for ensuring that team employees comply with league rules. McKay can petition Commissioner Roger Goodell for reinstatement to the committee no sooner than June 30. The Falcons played fake crowd noise during the 2013 and 2014 seasons . Falcons president Rick McKay has been suspended from his position on NFL Competition Committee . Falcons owner Arthur Blank said in early February that he had seen enough of the NFL's investigation to acknowledge wrongdoing by his club. 'It's not really a fine line,' Blank said. 'I think what we've done in 2013 and 2014 was wrong. Anything that affects the competitive balance and fairness on the field, we're opposed to, as a league, as a club and as an owner. It's obviously embarrassing but beyond embarrassing it doesn't represent our culture and what we're about.' The Falcons say 101 of 103 games have been sellouts since Blank bought the team in 2002. Actual turnouts declined during losing seasons the last two years. Atlanta ranked 10th among the 32 NFL teams with its average home attendance of 72,130 in 2014. Construction is underway for a new $1.4 billion stadium that will replace the Georgia Dome in 2017. The new stadium will have a similar seating capacity. | Atlanta Falcons played fake crowd noise during 2013 and 2014 season . Falcons fined $350,000 (£237,000) and been stripped of a 2016 draft pick . President Rich McKay has been suspended from Competition Committee . |
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