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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Louis van Gaal will continue with his big-spending 'Galacticos' transfer policy this summer as Manchester United prepare to go big in their search of title glory. And the Dutchman will focus his attentions on landing proven international talent, rather than high-risk, big-money youngsters, that have become a feature of the club's transfer policy in recent seasons. United spent close to £150million on the likes of Radamel Falcao and Angel di Maria last summer - deals that have not gone as well as expected. Manchester United boss Louis van Gaal is planning to spend big money on proven talent this summer . United spent close to £150m on the likes of Radamel Falcao (above) - one deal that has not gone as expected . Nevertheless, as long as United qualify for next season's Champions League, the Old Trafford money-men will sanction another £100m-plus transfer splurge to help turn the club into realistic title contenders again. And Van Gaal will continue to focus his attentions on high-profile deals, rather than unproven potential, despite having his fingers burned by Falcao and Di Maria. United signed a clutch of young talent in recent seasons as the club look to build for the future. Borussia Dortmund defender and World Cup winner Mats Hummels, 26, is a prime target at Old Trafford . Juventus midfeidler and former United youngster Paul Pogba is also on Van Gaal's radar . But the strategy has not proved as fruitful as they'd hoped. And Van Gaal will target players he feels are in their prime and can hit the ground running. Borussia Dortmund defender and World Cup winner Mats Hummels, 26, is a prime target, as is Holland international Memphis Depay. Juventus star Paul Pogba, widely regarded as one of the best box-to-box midfielders in the world, is also on United's radar. Kevin Strootman (right) has been a long-time target of United but has suffered injury problems . Holland international and PSV star Memphis Depay (right) could be heading to Old Trafford . United have a long-standing interest in Roma midfielder Kevin Strootman, 25, but a serious knee injury has thrown a potential move to Old Trafford into doubt. Van Gaal has a major interest in Gareth Bale but the Wales international wants to stay at Real Madrid, as Sportsmail revealed this morning. Porto's Danilo, who is valued at £30m, is a target as Van Gaal looks for a new right back. But the Brazil international is set for a move to Real Madrid, meaning United have turned their attentions to England's first choice right-back Nathaniel Clyne or Barcelona star Dani Alves. The Dutch boss has a major interest in Gareth Bale but the Real Madrid star wants to stay in Spain . Porto's Danilo, who is valued at £30million, is a target as Van Gaal looks for a new right-back . The illustrious list indicates the calibre of player United are intent on signing this summer as they look to re-establish themselves among Europe's elite. A string of expensive young signings have not progressed as expected in recent seasons, a failure that has not gone unnoticed by Van Gaal. And the Dutchman wants to avoid similar mistakes this summer. With Danilo set for a move to Madrid, United will turn their attentions to Nathaniel Clyne (left) Van Gaal may also bring Barcelona defender Dani Alves (centre) to Manchester . The £15m capture of Wilfried Zaha in January 2013 has turned out to be a disaster, likewise the signing of Alex Buttner in the summer of 2012 was one to forget. The jury is still out on the £31.5m signing of Luke Shaw last summer, while the captures of Phil Jones and Chris Smalling - who cost a combined total of £26m - have also been questioned. The jury is still out on the £31.5m signing of former Southampton youngster Luke Shaw . | Louis van Gaal will splash the cash at Manchester United this summer . Dutch boss is looking to sign proven international talent . United spent close to £150m last summer . Van Gaal will turn attentions towards Mats Hummels and Paul Pogba . Injured midfielder Kevin Strootman has been a long-standing target . Man Utd are England's biggest club based on crowds and star players . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Leonardo Bonucci insists Mario Balotelli is still welcome in the Italy squad, despite the striker's poor form for Liverpool this season. Balotelli was not selected by Italy manager Antonio Conte for Saturday's Euro 2016 qualifier against Bulgaria and Tuesday's friendly against England. Juventus defender Bonucci is aware Balotelli is struggling on Merseyside but acknowledges the 24-year-old can benefit the current Italy squad; if he works hard for the team. Liverpool frontman Mario Balotelli was not selected in Italy's squad to face Bulgaria and England this week . Juventus defender Leonardo Bonucci insists Balotelli is still welcome in the Italy squad . Bonucci told reporters: 'Mario is not in a good period of his career. However, he was an asset in the last European Championship. 'He's welcome in this team but he has to be part of our group. This team is devoted to hard work.' Balotelli joined Liverpool from Italian side AC Milan in the summer but has scored just once in the Premier League for Brendan Rodgers' side. The former Manchester City star has not featured for Italy since last summer's World Cup in Brazil. Balotelli shoots and scores during Italy's 2-1 victory over Germany in the semi-finals of Euro 2012 in Poland . | Mario Balotelli has not featured for Italy since last summer's World Cup . Leonardo Bonucci insists Balotelli is still welcome in the Italy squad . The striker has managed just one Premier League goal for Liverpool . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Cleveland's mayor apologized Monday for the city's "poor use of words and our insensitivity" in the Tamir Rice case. Mayor Frank Jackson told reporters the city was apologizing to the Rice family and the people of Cleveland for the wording of a legal filing last week, which said the death of Tamir, a 12-year-old who was shot by police in November, was the sixth-grader's own fault. "We did something that ... is hurtful to the family, that is disrespectful to them and the victim as well as the city of Cleveland," he said. The wording in the legal filing, Jackson said, was standard language used in legal defense, and the insensitivity "was not intended." But now, he said, the city will be rewording its filing -- a decision he pushed for as soon as he found out about it. "What I care about right now is that the family of Tamir Rice and the people of the city of Cleveland understand and realize that we are sorry for what we have done and that we apologize to them," Jackson said. Benjamin Crump, an attorney for the Rice family, said the mayor's apology didn't go far enough. "I don't want him just to apologize for the poor word use and the grammatical phrases," Crump told CNN's "The Lead with Jake Tapper" on Monday. "I want him to apologize for the death of this 12-year-old child, one of his citizens, at the hands of what we believe were police officers who were improperly trained." Cleveland Police Officer Timothy Loehmann fired the fatal shots at Tamir in November within two seconds of arriving outside a recreation center where the 12-year-old was playing with a pellet gun. "They never even gave him a chance," Tamir's mother, Samaria Rice, told CNN's "Erin Burnett OutFront." The whole world has seen the same video like I've seen, and I'm sure the whole world is saying, 'You guys never gave him a chance.' With that being said, it can never be justified." Cleveland authorities have repeatedly said that Loehmann mistook Tamir's fake gun for a real one. Cuyahoga County's medical examiner has ruled the death a homicide but has issued no determination as to whether the events that caused the boy's death constitute a crime. In its 41-page response to the family's lawsuit filed Friday, the city says that Tamir's injuries "were directly and proximately caused by the failure of Plaintiffs' decedent to exercise due care to avoid injury." The response further says that "Plaintiffs' decedent's injuries, losses, and damages complained of, were directly and proximately caused by the acts of Plaintiffs' decedent, not this Defendant." Another attorney for the Rice family has said the city's response to the lawsuit last week was indicative of well-documented problems within the Cleveland Police Department. "The Rice family maintains that Tamir was shot and killed unnecessarily by Cleveland police officers," Rice family co-counsel Walter Madison said in a statement. "Their tactics that preceded his death and the subsequent victim blaming are examples of the institutionalized behavior that has beset the Cleveland Police Department. The Rice family's lawsuit seeks to eliminate certain institutional behaviors and practices that have no place in our diverse community." CNN's Eliott C. McLaughlin contributed to this report. | Tamir Rice's mother: "They never even gave him a chance" A lawyer for Tamir Rice's family says the mayor's apology doesn't go far enough . 12-year-old Rice was shot dead by police in November while playing with a pellet gun . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Anis Ben-Hatira used his super powers for good after the Hertha Berlin striker celebrated scoring against Schalke by donning a Spiderman mask in support of an eight-year-old fan battling cancer. The Tunisia international netted the opener in his side's 2-2 draw in the Bundesliga on Saturday before racing to the bench to retrieve the mask and pointing out young Jannik in the crowd. Ben-Hatira has been visiting the stricken youngster at a Berlin hospital since October when the pair made a pact shared on his Instagram account, which also includes pictures of the two wearing super hero masks. Anis Ben-Hatira dons a Spiderman mask after scoring in Hertha Berlin's 2-2 draw with Schalke . Ben-Hatira opened the scoring on his return to the Hertha Berlin side following injury . He said: 'We decided to fight against his illness together. In such moments I realise: a healthy person has 1,000 desires. A sick person just one. 'Cute guy: you promised me to recover and I promised to stay on your side during the chemotherapy. I will visit you regularly. 'In less than six months we will stand in front of the fans at the Olympic stadium and celebrate your recovery.' While Ben-Hatira was cautioned for his celebration, Jannik received a rapturous response from the crowd before being allowed on the pitch to meet some of his own heroes. The Hertha Berlin striker opened the scoring against Schalke with an athletic finish . Ben-Hatira then raced to the bench to retrieve a Spiderman mask for his gesture . The Tunisia international did not seem to mind picking up a caution for his troubles . Ben-Hatira led eight-year-old Jannick around the pitch amid rapturous applause after the game . | Hertha Berlin drew 2-2 with Scahlke in their Bundesliga clash on Saturday . Anis Ben-Hatira celebrated his goal by putting on a Spiderman mask . Gesture was in support of eight-year-old fan battling against cancer . |
Who founded Ford | Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand, and luxury cars under its Lincoln luxury brand. Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer Troller, an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom and a 32% stake in China's Jiangling Motors. It also has joint ventures in China (Changan Ford), Taiwan (Ford Lio Ho), Thailand (AutoAlliance Thailand), and Turkey (Ford Otosan). The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power. | Henry Ford founded Ford Motor Company (aka Ford) in on June 16, 1903 in Dearborn Michigan. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Venezuela has given the U.S. Embassy in Caracas 15 days to downsize its staff from 100 personnel to 17. "With respect to bringing the number of staff at the U.S. Embassy in Venezuela to 17, a period of 15 days will be given to decide which staff will stay in our country," said Venezuela's Foreign Minister Delcy Rodriguez on Monday. Venezuela's official news agency AVN (Agencia Venezolana de Noticias) said the U.S. Embassy has been asked to reduce its personnel to a staff of 17 to match the number of Venezuelan personnel working in their embassy in the United States. Last month, the U.S. government approved a law under which Venezuelan officials allegedly involved in human rights violations are to have their visas revoked and their U.S. assets frozen. Following that decision, Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro announced that that Americans will need visas to visit Venezuela. Moreover, a group of prominent U.S. officials, current and retired, will be banned from entering Venezuela because of what Maduro said was their involvement in "bombing Iraq, Syria and Vietnam" and other "terrorist" actions. The officials include George W. Bush, former U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney, former CIA Director George Tenet and several current members of Congress, including Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, Bob Menendez and Mario Diaz-Balart. On Saturday, Maduro also said an unspecified number of Americans were arrested "a few days ago" for engaging in espionage and recruitment activities. The President said they included an American pilot of Latin American origin, arrested in the southwest border state of Táchira. He said the pilot was found in possession of "all kinds of documents" and was being interrogated by the authorities, though he did not identify him. The Venezuelan government has made many similar claims in recent years, without ever substantiating them. "There have been a lot of anti-American rhetoric again coming out of the Venezuelan Government with a lot of baseless allegations," said U.S. State Department spokeswoman Marie Harf on Monday. | President Maduro has said Americans will need visas to visit Venezuela . He also said several Americans were arrested for espionage . The State Department called the allegation "baseless" |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A mother-of-three has been killed and her partner critically injured in a car crash as they were about to start a new life together abroad. Lauren Middleton, 33, and Graeme Digby, 39, from Aberdeen, were driving in Tenerife when tragedy struck on Saturday. Miss Middleton died at the scene of the two-car collision in the southern town of Guaza. Offshore oil worker Mr Digby is fighting for his life and remains in intensive care. Planning a new start: Lauren Middleton, 33, and Graeme Digby, 39, from Aberdeen, who were driving in Tenerife when tragedy struck on Saturday. Miss Middleton died at the scene of the two-car collision . He was in the process of moving to Tenerife to live with Miss Middleton, who emigrated to Arona several years ago to run a restaurant. She moved there with her children, aged 12, five and three, after her mother Elaine Fraser and stepfather relocated to Santa Cruz. Miss Middleton’s friend Debbie Murray, who also lives on the island, said locals were shocked and saddened by her death. She is still waiting to find out details of the crash and has only heard that Miss Middleton had been driving. Miss Murray, from Belfast, said: ‘She was one of my daughter’s best friends. 'We were back home when we got the news at the weekend; it was really upsetting. I’m shocked because Lauren knew the roads very well over here. 'She was the life and soul of the party, she always made everyone laugh. She was always happy and nothing ever brought her down. She was an amazing mother and just lived for her three kids.’ Location: Miss Middleton died at the scene of the two-car collision in the southern town of Guaza (file picture) Miss Middleton is believed to have been dating Mr Digby for about a year. He travelled to Tenerife to be with her when he was not working offshore. Miss Murray said: ‘I got to meet Graeme when they first got together. He is a lovely guy. They were so well-suited. It was the first time I had seen Lauren happy in a while. She was so bubbly and over the moon about her relationship with him. ‘In the long term they were looking to be together here. It was her world because her mum was here and the kids were settled in nursery. It was quite a shock for us to get the phone call about it.’ She added that her friend had been a sociable person who enjoyed going to the gym, saying: ‘She was so energetic and always loved being on the go, meeting up with all her friends and catching up for lunch.’ Yesterday, a relative who lives with Mr Digby in Aberdeen said his father had flown to Tenerife to be with him. She added that the family were devastated over Miss Middleton’s death, saying: ‘She was a lovely girl. We will all miss her.’ A Foreign Office spokesman said: ‘We can confirm the death of a British national on February 28 in Tenerife. We are providing consular assistance to the family at this difficult time.’ | Lauren Middleton, 33, and Graeme Digby, 39, were in crash on Saturday . She died at scene of two-car collision, and Mr Digby is in intensive care . Miss Middleton emigrated to Arona several years ago to run restaurant . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Gus Poyet could not have looked more despondent at the final whistle had the fans who tried to storm his dugout in the first half got to him, vented their ire in his face and made it crystal clear they felt that he was to blame. ‘I am responsible,’ he said, looking as gloomy as at any point since he became Sunderland’s manager in October 2013. ‘I’m extremely disappointed. I wasn’t expecting this to happen. But it’s football, I suppose.’ It’s football, too, that woeful form and defeats like these lead to managerial sackings. Poyet’s job prospects looked more dire by the minute as this match wore on. Aston Villa striker Christian Benteke slotted home the first goal in the 16th minute to end Villa's goal drought on the road . Gabriel Agbonlahor ran on to Ciaran Clark's long ball and beat Sunderland keeper Costel Pantilimon to make it 2-0 . Sunderland (4-1-4-1): Pantilimon 4; Reveillere 3.5 O’Shea 3, Brown 3, Van Aanholt 3; Bridcutt 4; Alvarez 3 (Wickham 46, 5), Larsson 4.5, Rodwell 5, Fletcher 3 (Graham 82); Defoe 3. Substitutes not used: Mannone, Jones, Gomez, Coates, Vergini. Goals: Benteke 16 & 44, Agbonlahor 18 & 37 . Booked: Bridcutt . Manager: Gus Poyet 2 . Aston Villa (4-4-2): Guzan 6.5; Bacuna 8, Okore 7, Clark 7 (Sanchez 64, 6), Lowton 7; N’Zogbia 8 (Weimann 79, 6), Delph 7.5, Cleverley 7, Sinclair 7; Agbonlahor 8, Benteke 8.5 (Hepburn-Murphy 82) Substitutes not used: Given, Gil, Kinsella, Westwood . Goals: Benteke 16 & 44, Agbonlahor 18 & 37 . Booked: Bacuna . Referee: N Swarbrick 7 . Manager: Tim Sherwood 8 . Christian Benteke was a constant thorn in Sunderland defence.CLICK HERE to see more from Sportsmail's MATCH ZONE . Christian Benteke and Gabby Agbonlahor scored twice each in a spectacular first-half goal rush to end Aston Villa’s scoring drought away from home. ‘That was good,’ said their manager Tim Sherwood. ‘We knew we could hurt them on the break with our pace and we used it … I’m delighted with that.’ Thus Villa leapfrogged Sunderland and now look up towards safety while Sunderland’s position remains precarious just above the relegation zone, no signs of revival in sight. The fans are revolting already, several of them apparently intent on launching physical attacks on Poyet at 3-0 down. They were escorted from the dugout but other dangers remain for Poyet. The pre-match narrative anticipated a dour 0-0 but the result and manner in which it was achieved left that not so much turned on its head but stumbling dazed to the exit. Like Poyet. Like many home fans even before half-time. A shocking lack of goals has characterised both teams all season, Villa particularly. At the start of the day they had 38 league goals — between them. Sunderland now have one league win in 12 games and Villa have two in two, and three wins on the bounce in all competitions. Sherwood’s appointment has had the transformational effect owner Randy Lerner envisaged and that many observers were sceptical would happen. Agbonlahor cut inside Wes Brown before calmly slotting the ball past Pantilimon for a second time in the 37th minute . Benteke extended the lead a minute before the break when he powered a header home from a Bacuna cross . Benteke celebrates scoring their fourth goal against Sunderland on Saturday . Villa had scored a measly 15 Premier League goals this season before kick-off and an even more pitiful four of those away from home, in seven months. It took 45 minutes to add another four. Sherwood affected ignorance about the extent to which Villa had been goal-shy before his arrival. ‘To be honest, I’d not taken too much notice of Aston Villa before I came here,’ he said. ‘But we’ve not had trouble scoring goals since I’ve been here … losing becomes a habit. Winning does also.’ Sherwood and Poyet played together at Tottenham and asked if he had sympathy for his old friend’s plight, Sherwood said: ‘Always. It’s not good when you get beaten heavily at home. But Gus will bounce back. He’s got a bigger heart than anyone.’ Poyet’s players lacked heart, application and attention as they were steamrollered by Sherwood’s revitalised side before the break. In a sustained flow of one-way Villa traffic and atrocious Sunderland defending, the visitors put the game to bed nice and early. Leandro Bacuna set up the opener with a square ball to Benteke, who side-footed with his left foot low into the net. Aston Villa'smanager Tim Sherwood, right, celebrates as Sunderland's manger Gus Poyet, left, stands dejected . Thousands of Black Cats fans left the Stadium of Light before the break as their side crumbled . Stewards and members of Sunderland's backroom staff attempt to stop irate fans getting to the dugout . Sunderland fans attempt to storm Gus Poyet's dugout as the home side fell behind to Aston Villa . That brought to an end a Villa goal drought away from home that stretched back to December 2 last year: it had endured for six full league games and 614 minutes. It was something of a shock — and a source of joy bordering on delirium for their supporters — when Villa doubled the lead inside two minutes. Centre back Ciaran Clark sent a hoof the length of the left flank to Agbonlahor, who ran with it and slotted home diagonally. Villa might well have been three ahead when Bacuna, again, made swift, easy progress down the right and crossed, to Scott Sinclair. But Sinclair could only blaze over the bar from close range. The third goal came via a Charles N’Zogbia pass to the edge of the box, from where Agbonlahor slalomed past Wes Brown and Patrick van Aanholt before slotting home. With a minute remaining before the break, Bacuna was supplier again from the right, this time a high ball with pinpoint accuracy onto the head of Benteke, who nodded home past Costel Pantilimon. The game was over as a contest. When Sebastian Larsson failed to appear for the second half, with play ongoing for three and a half minutes before he came from the tunnel, some wags in the crowd joked he may have feared getting back out there. In fact he had needed stitches in what Poyet said was ‘a massive cut’ in his leg. By the time he arrived N’Zogbia, set up by Benteke, had already tested Pantilimon again. Sunderland’s Anthony Réveillere and Villa’s Fabian Delph both had shots saved. But Sunderland never threatened to get back into this, not remotely. ‘We’re gonna win 5-4,’ chanted their fans. Those who were left. | Christian Benteke and Gabriel Agbonlahor combined to leave Gus Poyet's job hanging by a thread . Villa, who had scored four league goals on the road all season, doubled their tally inside 44 remarkable minutes . Sunderland boss Poyet was confronted by angry supporters close to his dug-out just before half-time . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Three men have been charged by police investigating disorder which marred Aston Villa's FA Cup quarter-final victory over West Brom. West Midlands Police said the men, aged between 26 and 37, had been charged with offences connected to the match after officers made a total of 17 arrests inside and outside Villa Park. Play was halted in the closing minutes of Saturday's cup tie at Villa Park after home supporters invaded the playing area before the final whistle. The pitch at Villa Park can barely be seen as supporters stream onto the turf following the full-time whistle . Police clash with supporters on the pitch after Aston Villa's FA Cup clash with local rivals West Brom . West Brom goalkeeper Boaz Myhill is mocked by an Aston Villa fan following the home side's second goal . Away fans also threw missiles, including seats, during the second half of the match, while police had to form cordons to keep rival supporters apart. Police said Matthew Fox, 27, from Stourbridge, has been charged with assaulting a police officer and bailed to appear at Birmingham Magistrates' Court on March 19. Meanwhile, 37-year-old Matthew Owen, a designer from Walsall, has been charged with using threatening words or behaviour with intent. He has been bailed to appear at the same court on the same date. Unemployed David Moore, 26, from Birmingham, has been charged with failing to comply with a football banning notice and was due to appear in court today. Police have also issued six men with fixed penalty notices for public order offences or being drunk and disorderly. Two other men suspected of assaulting a police officer have been bailed pending further inquiries, while a 16-year-old boy from Kingswinford, near Dudley, has been cautioned for using threatening words or behaviour. Trouble flared before, during and after the Villa Park showdown, including the pitch invasion . Chief Superintendent Chris Johnson, from West Midlands Police, said: 'We carried out a large policing operation for the FA Cup on Saturday evening to ensure supporters could enjoy the game in a safe environment. 'An investigation has been launched to identify people involved in a disturbance before the match at the Witton Arms pub. 'Anyone who saw what happened should contact police on 101 or call Crimestoppers, anonymously, on 0800 555 111.' Police say the timing of the match was fully discussed with both clubs ahead of the game. Inspector Howard Lewis-Jones added: 'We were approached by Aston Villa with the proposed later kick off time and expressed concerns that this increased the likelihood of alcohol-fuelled disorder. 'As a result we increased the policing resources to deal with this increased threat. 'The encroachment of the pitch by Aston Villa supporters was a disappointing end to an exciting local derby and we continue to work with the Football Association and the club to identify those involved.' The Football Association has contacted both Aston Villa and West Brom to request their observations in relation to the 'disturbing' crowd trouble which occurred during and after Villa's 2-0 win. | West Midlands Police charged three men following Staurday's FA Cup tie . Police were called into action when away fans began to throw missiles . 17 people were also arrested after supporters stormed the Villa Park pitch . Six men have been issued with fixed penalties for public order offences . A 16-year-old boy was cautioned for using threatening words or behaviour . Two men were bailed pending further inquiries suspected of assaulting a police officer . |
What is "Breaking Bad"? | Breaking Bad is an American neo-Western crime drama television series created and produced by Vince Gilligan for AMC. Set and filmed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the series follows Walter White (Bryan Cranston), an underpaid, overqualified, and dispirited high-school chemistry teacher who is struggling with a recent diagnosis of stage-three lung cancer. White turns to a life of crime and partners with a former student, Jesse Pinkman (Aaron Paul), to produce and distribute methamphetamine to secure his family's financial future before he dies, while navigating the dangers of the criminal underworld. Breaking Bad premiered on AMC on January 20, 2008, and concluded on September 29, 2013, after five seasons consisting of 62 episodes. | Breaking Bad is an American neo-Western crime drama television series created and produced by Vince Gilligan for AMC. Set and filmed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the series follows Walter White (Bryan Cranston), an underpaid, overqualified, and dispirited high-school chemistry teacher who is struggling with a recent diagnosis of stage-three lung cancer. White turns to a life of crime and partners with a former student, Jesse Pinkman (Aaron Paul), to produce and distribute methamphetamine to secure his family's financial future before he dies, while navigating the dangers of the criminal underworld. Breaking Bad premiered on AMC on January 20, 2008, and concluded on September 29, 2013, after five seasons consisting of 62 episodes.
Among the show's co-stars are Anna Gunn and RJ Mitte as Walter's wife Skyler and son Walter Jr., and Betsy Brandt and Dean Norris as Skyler's sister Marie Schrader and her husband Hank, a DEA agent. Others include Bob Odenkirk as Walter's and Jesse's lawyer Saul Goodman, Jonathan Banks as private investigator and fixer Mike Ehrmantraut, and Giancarlo Esposito as drug kingpin Gus Fring. The final season introduces Jesse Plemons as the criminally ambitious Todd Alquist, and Laura Fraser as Lydia Rodarte-Quayle, a cunning business executive secretly managing Walter's global meth sales for her company.
Breaking Bad's first season received generally positive reviews, while the rest of its run received unanimous critical acclaim, with praise for the performances, direction, cinematography, screenplay, story, and character development. Since its conclusion, the show has been lauded by critics as one of the greatest television series of all time. It had fair viewership in its first three seasons, but the fourth and fifth seasons saw a moderate rise in viewership when it was made available on Netflix just before the fourth season premiere. Viewership increased more drastically upon the premiere of the second half of the fifth season in 2013. By the time that the series finale aired, it was among the most-watched cable shows on American television. The show received numerous awards, including 16 Primetime Emmy Awards, eight Satellite Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, two Peabody Awards, two Critics' Choice Awards, and four Television Critics Association Awards. Cranston won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series four times, while Aaron Paul won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series three times; Anna Gunn won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series twice. In 2013, Breaking Bad entered the Guinness World Records as the most critically acclaimed TV show of all time.
The series gave rise to the larger Breaking Bad franchise. Better Call Saul, a prequel series featuring Odenkirk, Banks, and Esposito reprising their Breaking Bad roles, as well as many others in guest and recurring appearances, debuted on AMC on February 8, 2015, and concluded on August 15, 2022. A sequel film, El Camino: A Breaking Bad Movie, starring Paul was released on Netflix and in theaters on October 11, 2019. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Andre Johnson and college team-mate Frank Gore moved to Indianapolis to win a Super Bowl. After being released by the Texans, the 33-year-old wide receiver was left to ponder his next move. But both he and Gore - who left the 49ers - were settled on the same landing spot. 'After I got released by the Texans, Frank called me,' Johnson told NBC Sports. 'He called me right after it happened and was just like, "What are you gonna do?" I’m like, "Frank, I don’t know. I just got released. I don’t know." 'I asked, him "Who do you think has the best chance to win a Super Bowl?" And he was like, "Indy." And I was like, "That’s my same choice too so let’s do it, let’s go for it." And they were able to get both of us here.' Andre Johnson leaves the Texans after 12 seasons with the franchise and has his sights set on a Super Bowl . The rampaging Frank Gore gives Indianapolis a bulldozing, reliable running back . According to ESPN, Johnson's deal is worth $21million over three years. Drafted third overall in 2003, Johnson goes down as the greatest player in the expansion franchise's history. He caught 1,012 passes on 1,599 targets for 13,597 yards and averages 6.0 receptions per game, an NFL record. And for the first time in his career, the seven-time Pro Bowler has the chance to play with a quarterback of elite quality in Andrew Luck. 'That was a very big part of it, wanting to be in a place with a stable quarterback,' he said. 'Andrew is arguably the best quarterback in the game.' After reaching the AFC Championship last time out, the addition of former Miami Hurricanes team-mate Gore gives Indianapolis the chance to bookend the Trent Richardson experiment. At 31, Gore is past his prime, but adds a bulldozing element to the backfield after signing a three-year, $12m deal. | Johnson joins with the intention of winning a championship . Playing with Andrew Luck was a large factor in his decision . Gore has posted four straight 1,000-yard rushing seasons . The Colts haven't had a player rush for 100 yards in a game since 2012 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)India's Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has told all news channels not to air a controversial documentary about rape in India -- warning that the excerpts "appear to encourage and incite violence against women." The BBC Storyville documentary was originally scheduled to air Sunday, but due to the "intense level of interest" in the program, the BBC aired it Wednesday in the UK on BBC Four "to enable viewers to see this incredibly powerful documentary at the earliest opportunity," the broadcaster said in a statement. The documentary was released online and the hashtag #IndiasDaughter was trending in the UK after it aired. The documentary featured an interview with one of the men convicted in an infamous 2012 gang rape case that sparked massive outrage and protests in India. An Indian court restricted the publication and airing of the film in India as well as the dissemination of excerpts from it after Mukesh Singh's comments were released in several media outlets. Singh appeared to show no remorse and blamed the rape victim for being out at night, according to the documentary called "India's Daughter." "The media is likely to be seen as a voice for the perpetrator of such crimes by providing him a medium to communicate his views on the matter repeatedly," said a letter sent to media outlets by the Indian government. Despite the ban, the documentary can be seen on YouTube in India. Singh told the documentary crew that his victim "should just be silent and allow the rape." "A decent girl won't roam around at 9 o'clock at night," he told the BBC. "A girl is far more responsible for rape than a boy. Boy and girl are not equal. "Housework and housekeeping is for girls, not roaming in discos and bars at night doing wrong things, wearing wrong clothes." He suggested that they "had a right to teach them a lesson." In a statement, India's home minister said the documentary crew violated the conditions granting the jail interview, which stipulated that the authorities be shown all unedited footage. Home Minister Rajnath Singh told Parliament on Wednesday that permission would not be granted to anyone in the future to interview prison inmates after the uproar over the documentary. "The government has taken necessary legal action and obtained a restraining order from the court disseminating the contents of the film," according to the statement. India's constitution guarantees free speech with a caveat that it could be restricted when speech is deemed a threat to public order, incitement to an offense or an act of contempt of court. In December 2012, a young woman was savagely attacked and raped by a group of men aboard a public bus in New Delhi and later died from her injuries. Mukesh Singh, who was driving the bus, is now on death row and has filed an appeal. His comments in the documentary have stirred fierce debate about whether airing his interview gives him a platform to share his misogyny, versus those who say it increases awareness and understanding of the horror of rape. The documentary's director, Leslee Udwin, wrote that she was "deeply saddened" by attempts to silence the film. "India should be embracing this film -- not blocking it with a knee-jerk hysteria without even seeing it. This was an opportunity for India to continue to show the world how much has changed since this heinous crime," she wrote for India's NDTV. Udwin later spoke to NDTV, urging everyone to watch the film before rushing to judgment on it. "I appeal to the Prime Minister to not let it go out of hand because it is getting out of hand. Countries around the world will very soon be saying: 'How dare India ban a documentary that is in the public interest?' I urge you to see the film as soon as possible," she said. "Please see the film and then talk about it." Several supporters of the film echoed the notion that even airing the repugnant views increases awareness and points to a more systematic problem. One said that it is the role of journalism to report "on the sickness," and actress Freida Pinto asked: "Airing the truth a crime? How?" One journalist expressed concerns that the use of prior restraint amounted to censorship by the government and set a precedent. The debate in social media caused hashtags #NirbhayaInsulted and #IndiasDaughter to trend in India. Many criticized the documentary for giving rapists a platform to share their thoughts and justify rape. One asked why "rapists are treated as celebrities." Lawyer and prominent feminist Indira Jaising called the filmmaker "irresponsible." "Creating public space for them, encouraging tolerance of any form of violence, what the film will do, it will project justifications for rape -- which I think is completely wrong. It's going on public view where young people will be seeing it, there's no guarantee these convicts won't be seen as natural role models for most." Many questioned how Udwin was able to obtain 16 hours of interviews with the imprisoned Singh. The home minister told the upper house of Parliament on Wednesday that no one would be allowed to "leverage" the 2012 gang rape for commercial purposes. He also said that the filmmakers violated the conditions for the shoot inside Tihar prison and that officials would determine who granted permission for the interview. One prominent feminist said she opposed airing the documentary because it infringed on India's laws. Singh and three other convicts are currently appealing their death sentences. Kavita Krishnan, secretary of the All India Progressive Women's Association, said she didn't have a problem with people viewing the film but said the timing was not appropriate. "The concern is that the airing of the documentary will result in a media trial -- that will essentially leave the judiciary with no option but to uphold the death penalty," she said. "My main problem, how can we screen this documentary when there's an appeals process underway?" Krishnan suggested that the documentary's title, "India's Daughter," inferred that Indians were badly in need of a rescue mission, leaving the impression of a "white savior" complex. "India's Daughter" is directed by Udwin, a British woman who spent two years on the project. She said she was inspired by the mass protests that followed the gang rape case in Delhi. Among the voices in the debate, some were critical of what they perceived as Western bias that depicts India as a place of misogyny when rape and sexual assaults are universal. "I have tried to convey that while we in India are in fact engaged in confronting the violence and discrimination against women here, it does not help for people in other countries to imagine that such brutality is India's 'cultural' problem; that India's 'backwardness' is the problem; or that gender violence is 'worse out there in India,'" Krishnan wrote. CNN's Madison Park reported and wrote from Hong Kong. CNN's Harmeet Shah Singh reported from New Delhi. | "Please see the film and then talk about it," filmmaker urges . News channels warned not to air controversial documentary about rape in India . Debate centers on whether withholding film is censorship or prevention of repugnant views . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A woman was arrested on suspicion of being drunk on an aircraft after she allegedly stripped off on a flight from Jamaica and exposed herself. The 46-year-old woman from south-west London was arrested by police when her British Airways flight landed at Gatwick Airport yesterday from Kingston, Jamaica. She allegedly disrupted the flight and one report claims she performed a solo sex act. A 46-year old woman was arrested yesterday after arriving at Gatwick for causing a disturbance onboard . The flight landed at around 8.45am on March 19, and aircrew on board asked for the flight to be met by police. British Airways released a statement saying: 'We can confirm that police were requested to meet our flight from Kingston.' | 46-year-old woman from south west London arrested on arrival at Gatwick . Woman was drunk and had stripped off on flight from Jamaica . The woman caused disruption after performing a solo sex act . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Some scream, some cry - but this little dog's reaction to being tickled couldn't be cuter. YouTube user Billie Jean from Elk Grove, California, filmed her pet canine lying on his back while getting some TLC. But as the pup is scratched around a tickly spot on his neck he suddenly puts his paws up over his eyes. As soon as the tickling stops, the dog releases his legs down. But when his neck is touched again, he takes his paws back up apparently crying with 'laugh-fur-ter'. The pet's owner can be heard giggling as she watches the adorable scene play out. 'Our puppy hates her neck being touched,' the filmer later wrote online. Caught on camera: Some scream, some cry - but this little dog's reaction to being tickled couldn't be cuter . | YouTube user Billie Jean from Elk Grove, California, filmed her pet canine getting some TLC . |
Who are the greatest leg spinners in cricket history? | Many great players in cricket history have made their imprint on the sport's annals with mind-blowing deliveries and periods that left batters scurrying for cover.
Each leg spinner is unique and possesses a variety of distinct abilities and strategies.
In this post, we will look at the greatest leg-break bowlers in history. They smashed the wickets, swirled the ball, and won the hearts and minds of spectators all over the world.
1. Shane Warne
2. Anil Kumble
3. Abdul Qadir
4. Richie Benaud
5. Mushtaq Ahmed | 1. Shane Warne
So, what can we say about the legend who single-handedly revolutionised the world of leg spin in cricket? We've all seen Warne's Ball of the Century, which left Mike Gatting puzzled as if he'd seen a ghost.
Warne, one of the game's most charming athletes, is still recognised as one of the best match-winners of all time. He was unrivalled when it came to bowling with a leg spin.
2. Anil Kumble
Anil Kumble, India's best wicket-taker, has 619 wickets in 132 Test matches for an average of 29.65.
The superstar is recognised as one of the best and most decorated Indian cricketers in history. Kumble has the third-most wickets of all time, trailing only Muttiah Muralitharan and Shane Warne.
He is also the second bowler, after Jim Laker, to ever take all ten wickets in an innings. He attained this record with a stunning 10/74 against Pakistan.
3. Abdul Qadir
Abdul Qadir revitalized the dying skill of leg spin in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He was a great genius with the ball. He'd ascend from a loping, bounce-filled run-up to the wicket and hurl the ball with considerable ostentation.
Qadir had many typical leg-spin presentations that changed the ball's trajectory and turn to enchant a wide range of combinations.
He bowled the top spinner and the flipper with tremendous precision and effect, and he had at least two different googlies. He frequently had too many options and employed too much diversity, rather than building a rhythm.
4. Richie Benaud
Richie Benaud was known as the "Voice of Cricket." He came to personify the game in all of its guises, from batter to captain to writer to pundit to thinker!
He is considered one of cricket's all-time greats, second only to Sir Donald Bradman. Benaud is the only all-rounder on this list, as well as the only all-rounder who bowls spin.
5. Mushtaq Ahmed
Mushtaq Ahmed is another Pakistani star who has made our list.
He modelled his persona after Intikhab Alam and Abdul Qadir. Mushtaq was an outstanding bowler with a fiery tenacity. During a brief but energetic run-up to the wicket, the ball was delivered with a misty whirling of arms.
He would implore the umpire for a favourable verdict with frenzied and wild appeals, and he would become visibly discouraged if the umpire ignored his straighter one or googly or allowed a batsman to escape despite intended padding. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | London (CNN)Cabinet-maker Michael Ibsen has just put the finishing touches to a coffin; built of highly-polished, honey-colored English oak and yew, it has been a labor of love, pondered over and painstakingly crafted. Because this isn't any ordinary commission: the casket will be the final resting place of one of Ibsen's distant relatives, Richard III, who died more than 500 years ago. "It is a unique privilege," says Canadian-born Ibsen, whose DNA was used to establish the identity of the English King, found buried beneath a car parking lot in the city of Leicester in August 2012. "There's a wonderful serendipity in a sense that someone involved in the identification of the remains should happen to be furniture maker who can do this. "When you're working away you just focus on joining two bits of wood, but at the end of the day when you stand back and think 'I'm building Richard III's coffin,' it's incredible." Ibsen says he's been on an "extraordinary journey" in the two-and-a-half years since he gave a DNA swab to genetics specialist Turi King on the off chance that experts searching for the burial place of his seventeen-times great-uncle might strike it lucky. Back then even the man in charge of the dig, archaeologist Richard Buckley, didn't expect to find anything -- he told colleagues he'd "eat his hat" if they turned up the long-lost King's remains. "When we were planning the project, I never made any secret of the fact I thought it very unlikely we'd be successful," Buckley told CNN. "The chances of hitting the right spot were very slim." Call it a fluke, or call it fate, but as it turned out they hit the right spot almost immediately: Richard III's skeleton was found on the very first day of the dig, in the first trench dug by the team. At the time, all the experts knew was that they'd found a set of leg bones, chopped off at the feet by building work at some point in the intervening centuries. It wasn't until days later, as archaeologist Jo Appleby carefully exhumed the rest of the skeleton that she spotted the distinct curve of its spine, and the devastating damage medieval weapons had left on its skull. For Philippa Langley, founder of the "Looking for Richard" project, who stood watching with bated breath as the bones were uncovered, the discovery was a vindication of the years she had spent trying to get people to search for the King's remains -- and to look again at his reputation. Say the name Richard III to many people, and the image which will spring to mind is that of Shakespeare's villain, hunchbacked and murderous, who met a grisly end on the battlefield at Bosworth after killing his nephews, the Princes in the Tower. Years of research had convinced Langley of two things: firstly, that his remains lay underneath a car park, in what had once been the Grey Friars' monastery, and secondly, that he was much-maligned, the victim of bitter Tudor propaganda after his death. Two-and-a-half years on, Langley believes the discovery -- which proved her first theory to be correct -- and the scientific research carried out since, have forced a rethink of Richard III's story. "As a writer my view of Richard has always been that he was a very complex, very conflicted, very flawed individual -- that's the human condition: We are all flawed, complex, conflicted -- but there was something heroic about him, he was courageous on and off the battlefield," she explains. She says DNA evidence that the King was blue eyed and fair haired -- in contrast to portraits and written descriptions which painted him "as a hunchback, with a withered arm and a crippled gait, with 'evil' dark eyes and hair" -- had "blow[n] the mythology out of the window." "It makes people question, drop their preconceptions, forget their assumptions, and go back to the beginning," she says. This weekend, Richard III's skeleton will leave the laboratory at the University of Leicester, where it has been kept since it was found, and be taken back to Bosworth, scene of his death in 1485, for a commemoration ceremony, before being returned to Leicester ahead of its reburial next week. And while his body last made that trip slung unceremoniously over the back of a horse, this time the journey will be done in style: carried in the coffin made by his great-nephew. Inside, the smaller bones from his hands and feet will be tucked into linen bags -- each one decorated with a rose, representing the House of York, Richard III's family -- sewn by children from Leicester's King Richard III Infant School. "I feel very proud because I've never made a bag for a king before," said Xi Chen, who helped make the pouches. "It's like I'm a servant doing something for a King," added his classmate Irfan Sheikh. Lead conservation specialist Jon Castleman -- who previously helped to restore the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem -- will be the last person to set eyes on the skeleton, as he welds the ossuary inside the casket shut. Well-wishers are expected to line the route as the cortege winds through the Leicestershire countryside, stopping at several churches along the way for prayers and religious services before making its way back to Leicester Cathedral, near the site of the archaeological dig, where a new tomb has been built for the King. Historian John Ashdown-Hill, who discovered the genealogical link between Richard III and Michael Ibsen, says it is important that the King's Catholic beliefs are recognized in the ceremonies. Ashdown-Hill, who shares Richard III's faith, has had a rosary, featuring the white Yorkist rose and a crucifix like one thought to have been owned by Richard III's mother, made to be placed inside the coffin. For Langley, the procession and celebrations are key to repairing past damage. "The ethos and aim of the project was to give Richard what he didn't get in 1485," she says. "The reason we wanted to do that was to recognize what went on in the past but not repeat it, to make peace with history." | Richard III's remains were found beneath a car park in Leicester in 2012 . Long-lost King's skeleton is to be reinterred in the city's cathedral later this week . Bones will be buried in a coffin made by Richard III's descendant, Michael Ibsen . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It was supposed to be all about AP McCoy — the biggest name in jump racing on his final day riding at the Cheltenham Festival. But instead, Gold Cup day 2015 shone a spotlight on a jockey in Nico de Boinville who has ridden fewer winners in his career than the 19-time champion rides in three months. Carlingford Lough, 40-year-old McCoy’s final Gold Cup mount, finished a fading ninth behind Coneygree, the novice chaser representing 10-horse trainer Mark Bradstock and his assistant, wife Sara. Tony McCoy's wife Chanelle (left) passionately willed him on to claim his third Gold Cup victory . But her relentless optimism soon turned to sheer sadness as her husband crossed the finish like in ninth place . Jockey Tony McCoy could not crown his final Cheltenham Festival with a Gold Cup win . McCoy did get a Gold Cup round of applause but it came as he walked around the paddock before the race. Looking down at his friend and colleague Ruby Walsh, who had yet to be united with his Gold Cup ride Djakadam, McCoy quipped: ‘They think I’ve won.’ No, AP, they were just hoping. Ultimately, McCoy did get on the winner’s podium but that was to present the trophy to the team behind Next Sensation, winner of the concluding AP McCoy Grand Annual Chase. Not surprisingly, the Michael Scudamore-trained Next Sensation, ridden by Scudamore’s brother Tom, had received a quieter reception than McCoy’s fourth-placed Ned Buntline. A crowd close to 70,000 had cheered and chanted his name as McCoy brought his mount down the famous walkway off the track. There were not many who had sneaked away to beat the traffic. And while they did not get the result they wanted, McCoy did at least break the habit of a lifetime for them. The man for whom winning is the only thing that matters, punched and waved the air. The defeat of Carlingford Lough, however, came as no surprise. After the Gold Cup, McCoy conceded he had anticipated his fate on arriving at the track when overnight rain was turning the ground soft. Tony McCoy and Ned Buntline gave it a good go on the 19-time champion jockey's final Festival ride . An emotional McCoy after his last ever ride at the Cheltenham Festival . The big screen at Cheltenham displayed a tribute to the retiring jockey . ‘I knew when I got here this morning that it was always going to be against him,’ McCoy said. ‘He is a horse who likes good ground and it was always going to be too much of a drag. ‘For a horse who is slow he has a little bit of a kick at the end but not when the ground is like that.’ McCoy then paid generous tribute to the winning team. ‘The Bradstocks have done a wonderful job,’ he said. ‘They have proved that if they get the horse, they can do the job. To win the Gold Cup with a novice is a fantastic performance.’ For the uninitiated, a novice is a horse that had not won in a particular category — hurdles or steeplechase — before the start of the season. Even if it does then win a race, the horse remains a novice until the end of that season. Animals who record their first win in March or April may still contest novice events until October 31. As for McCoy, it was just one of those days as he failed to add to Thursday’s Ryanair Chase victory on Uxizandre, who goes down as his 31st and final Festival victory. Hargam, rated one of his best chances of the week but another wrong-footed by the rain, swung for home with a chance in the Triumph Hurdle but finished third behind Nicky Henderson stablemates Peace And Co and Top Notch. McCoy was presented with a photo album of his Cheltenham career after his final fling at the Festival . McCoy, in the middle of the picture, walks out of the Cheltenham weighing room for the last time . Strongly-backed Princely Conn was staying on when badly hampered and slipped back to 13th in the County Hurdle while Fletchers Flyer, McCoy’s mount in the Albert Bartlett Novices’ Hurdle, was a non-runner. And just when McCoy wanted the racing gods to smile on him, they frowned instead as Ned Buntline was hindered by a faller four out. McCoy said: ‘All through the week people have been amazing and I appreciate it. I have always tried to look forward but now I am going to have to look backwards as I have nothing to look forward to.’ Five rides at Uttoxeter this afternoon, including the favourite in the Midlands National, will be on his mind this morning but his admiration for Coneygree and his team was well deserved. The 7-1 shot was in front at the first fence and never headed in a display of controlled jumping at speed that no rival could live with. Five of the 16 starters were pulled up, including 2013 winner Bobs Worth and last year’s victor Lord Windermere, who started at the back and never looked like defending his title. Last year’s runner-up On His Own was Coneygree’s closest pursuer for most of the race but faded to fourth. One by one they cracked as Coneygree saw off Djakadam and Road To Riches with the equine equivalent of a McCoy-type performance. | AP McCoy's final Gold Cup mount, Carlingford Lough, finished ninth . Jockey finished fourth in concluding AP McCoy Grand Annual Chase . McCoy presented trophy to the team behind winner Next Sensation . |
Given the referenced text, what Roman Emperor gave Roman Citizenship to all free men? | The third century AD showed some remarkable development for the empire as well as a potential decline and collapse. Emperor Caracalla's edict in 212 AD known as the Antoninian constitution delivered Roman citizenship to every free man in the empire, starting the decline of the importance of the city of Rome and indeed of Roman Italy for the Roman Empire. By the mid-third century AD, Pax Romana had come to an end, and several crises hit the empire simultaneously in a period known to history as the Crisis of the third century. This period saw the empire exposed to rampant inflation, natural disasters, secession and civil wars taking places over several decades. The secessions ended with emperor Aurelian’s conquest of the secessionist Palmyrene Empire and Gallic Empire in 273 and 274 AD, as Aurelian unified a splintered empire which, according to many historians, should have been doomed. However, Aurelian was assassinated in 276 AD, sparking additional civil wars. The crisis came to an end only through the ascension of emperor Diocletian to the throne. The West suffered more heavily from these decades of crisis due to this distinction between the established and more prosperous Hellenised East and the younger colonized and Romanized West that had persisted. This cultural division of the Roman Empire into an eastern Greek and western Latin part became increasingly important in later centuries, leading to a gradual estrangement of the two Roman worlds.
Emperor Diocletian created the administrative system known as the Dominate to guarantee security in all endangered regions of his empire. The dominate was in comparison with the principate, a huge imperial bureaucracy, which laid the foundations for the power structure of the later Eastern Roman Empire. With this came a redistricting and reduction of Roman provinces. Diocletian scrapped any pretense of republican rule as the emperor moved away from formally being merely "Princeps" to being "Dominus" - Lord and master. Diocletian also formally finished the process of restructuring the empire, from being a colonial-styled empire ruled by Rome and Roman Italians in the first century AD to a larger imperial entity where the emperor's court was not bound to the city of Rome or Italy, now only one Roman imperial province among many. The norm of emperors being Roman Italians was first broken by emperor Trajan who came from Hispania. By the time of the Severan dynasty, most emperors were originating from outside of Italy. When Diocletian introduced his reforms, this had the effect of the Roman Senate formally lost its already declining imperial influence and became a de facto regional body of decision-making.
An early instance of the partition of the empire into East and West occurred in 286, when Emperor Diocletian appointed Maximian as augustus of the West. In 293 AD, the empire went through a devolution under Diocletian known as the Tetrarchy. The empire was split into four, with the two most prominent parts of the empire each ruled by one emperor (Augustus). Each co-emperor then appointed a young colleague as caesar to be a subordinate emperor with control over his own territory. The Caesar shared power with and would eventually succeed the senior partner. Each tetrarch was in charge of a part of the empire, with the divisions based on geographic regions. This devolution outlines the coming split 100 years later when the empire was permanently divided into an eastern and western empire. The tetrarchy however only lasted 20 years, as emperors quickly began fighting each other for power. The whole empire was eventually reunited by Constantine the Great in 324 after he ended the last of these civil wars. | Emperor Caracalla gave Roman Citizenship to all free men in the Roman Empire. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Cheltenham have appointed Gary Johnson as manager until the end of the season. Johnson, who left his post in charge of Yeovil last month, has been tasked with saving the club, who are bottom of Sky Bet League Two, from relegation from the Football League. Gary Johnson has been appointed Cheltenham manager until the end of the season . The 59-year-old told the club's official website: 'I understand the position the club are in and I will be doing my best along with (assistant) Russell (Milton) to keep the club in the Football League.' Johnson was at Cheltenham's 2-2 draw with Portsmouth at Fratton Park on March 17 and the 2-1 home defeat by Exeter City four days later. 'I feel I know a lot about the squad, but it's also important to have that continuity with Russell and the lads so we'll be having a good chat regarding all of the players' abilities,' Johnson said. Cheltenham Town are bottom of Sky Bet League Two with seven games remaining . Milton, who has taken charge of nine matches since the departure of Paul Buckle in February, said: 'I am happy to be working alongside someone of Gary's knowledge and experience. 'I've been pleased with the way the players have responded since I have been in charge and I don't feel we are far away from getting things right. 'I feel performances have improved overall, with results hopefully now following.' | Gary Johnson has taken charge of Cheltenham until end of the season . The 59-year-old left his post as manager of League One Yeovil last month . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | New York (CNN)A federal jury Wednesday found Abid Naseer guilty of plotting with al Qaeda to bomb a shopping center in 2009 in Manchester, England, the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York said. Naseer, 28, was convicted on three criminal violations: providing material support to al Qaeda, conspiring to provide material support for al Qaeda and conspiring to use a destructive device in relation to a crime of violence. The Manchester plot was allegedly part of a three-pronged plan that included attacks on the New York City subway system and on a newsroom in Copenhagen. None were carried out. The New York plot allegedly originated with Najibullah Zazi, who is believed to have corresponded with the same al Qaeda contact as Naseer. Zazi pleaded guilty to terrorism charges and was the first witness in Naseer's trial. Naseer, a Pakistani national, was in the United Kingdom on a student visa at the time of his arrest. Among the evidence presented, prosecutors pointed out that Naseer had dropped out of classes after only a week. Naseer had no intention of completing his studies because "that was never the plan," Assistant U.S. Attorney Zainab Ahmad argued, saying that Naseer applied for a student visa as a means of entering the country to carry out the attack. Naseer maintained throughout the two-week trial that he was innocent, repeatedly denying all charges and insisting that he was in the United Kingdom to find a wife, not to plan an attack. He represented himself. He told jury members that prosecutors were only able to produce circumstantial evidence, with no witnesses offering direct information of Naseer's role in the alleged plot. They did not offer any outright proof of any link to al Qaeda or any other terrorist organization, he argued. Naseer's arrest in England was part of a massive sweep in connection with an alleged plot to carry out bomb attacks in Britain. He was extradited in January 2013. | Naseer is convicted of supporting al Qaeda, conspiring to bomb a shopping center in England . He maintained his innocence throughout the two-week trial in New York . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | New York City have signed Manchester City goalkeeper Eirik Johansen on a permanent deal after impressing during pre-season. The 22-year-old is a product of the Premier League champions' academy - having joined in August 2008 before signing a professional contract at the Etihad Stadium in 2012. Johansen, a Norway Under 21 international, came on as a second half substitute in two matches for New York City during pre-season - first against Brondby and then in a Carolina Challenge Cup clash against Houston Dynamo. New York City announced the signing of Manchester City goalkeeper Eirik Johansen on Tuesday . 'I had a great experience working with squad and coaches during the pre-season and I'm excited to re-join the team on permanent basis,' Johansen told the New York City's official website on Tuesday. 'The quality of the training really impressed me, as did the way the team came together in such a short period of time.' New York head coach Jason Kreis believes the signing of Johansen merely strengthens their options in the goalkeeping department. The 22-year-old (pictured in 2011) joins the MLS outfit after impressing during their pre-season . 'We had a good look at Eirik over the course of the pre-season, and he adapted well to the team and to our style of play,' he added. 'It's always good to have strong competition for places in the team, and Eirik will add to an already strong group of goalkeepers vying for game time. 'It's a long season and guys will get their opportunities for various reasons.' Johansen will be linking up with Frank Lampard once more when the latter's loan at Manchester City expires this season. The former England international has been using the international break to admire the scenery of New York as he prepares for his highly anticipated move to the city's football team and Major League Soccer on July 1. The attacking midfielder will join up with New York City after the Premier League season finishes and he has been taking time to get used to his new home city while the club season pauses for Euro 2016 qualifiers and international friendlies. On Monday, the 36-year-old uploaded a picture to his Facebook account posing with the city providing a spectacular backdrop after going for a jog alongside fiancee Christine Bleakley. Frank Lampard (left) uploaded a picture to his Facebook page with fiancee Christine Bleakley in New York . | Eirik Johansen has joined New York City after impressing in pre-season . Goalkeeper played in two pre-season friendlies for New York . 22-year-old has been on the books at Manchester City since 2008 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It was once a common way for boxers to hone their bodies for a big fight, but modern training methods have seen the practice of chopping wood somewhat die out. Floyd Mayweather, however, has gone old school in his preparation to face Manny Pacquiao. The pound-for-pound king has released a video of himself chopping wood on his official Instagram account - emulating past greats such as Muhammad Ali, Rocky Graziano and the fictional Rocky, of course. Floyd Mayweather chops wood as he prepares to take on Manny Pacquiao on May 2 in Las Vegas . Mayweather went back to old school training methods by chopping wood in his latest video . Muhammad Ali chops wood as he prepares in Pennsylvania to fight Joe Frazier in 1974 . Wearing a yellow top and white beanie, Mayweather takes eight impressive hacks at a log on the floor. And even for a supreme athlete such as Mayweather, the task is somewhat of a struggle with the 38-year-old clearly challenged by the task. Mayweather's latest video comes after he was filmed skipping in his gym - to Phil Collins' no less - and pictured hitting a speed bag and heavy bag. With a little over seven weeks until Mayweather meets Pacquiao in Las Vegas on May 2, the training will no doubt intensify . Mayweather posted this pictured of his new diamond encrusted, gold watch on his Shots account. Pacquiao last week was filmed pounding the streets on numerous occasions and then working out with fans at a public event. Away from the fight, Mayweather gave fans another glimpse of what the riches of boxing can buy, posting a picture on his Shots account of a diamond encrusted watch. It is unknown how much the timepiece cost, but the custom-made jewellery would not have been cheap - although for the man who calls himself Money that would be no problem. VIDEO Mayweather and Pacquiao camps exchange verbal blows . | Floyd Mayweather has posted a video of himself chopping wood . Mayweather also showed off his latest diamond encrusted, gold watch . Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao will meet in Las Vegas on May 2 . |
Which is longest road or highway or motorway in the world | This article lists the world's longest road routes that are either officially numbered or otherwise known under a single name. Some of the roads may still be partially planned or under construction.
Pan-American Highway 30,000 km (19,000 mi) Americas Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, United States United States Puerto Montt or Quellón, Chile Chile or Ushuaia, Argentina Argentina Longest road according to the Guinness Book of Records.
Incomplete at the Darién Gap, causing the northern and southern segments to be actually long about 11,500 and 9,600 km. | the longest road in the world is in Americas. The longest road is a highway called Pan American highway. It spans 30000 Kilometers or 19000 miles. It starts from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska in United states and ends at Puerto Montt or Quellón, Chile Chile or Ushuaia, Argentina Argentina
The pan american highway is registered as longest road in the world in guiness book of world records
There are also other categories of longest road in the worlds like Asian highway which starts in Kapıkule, Turkey and ends in Tokyo, Japan. Asian highway is longest uninterrupted highway in the world. Length of the asian highway is 20557 Kilometers or 12774 miles
Longest road within the single country is in Australia. The name of the road is Highway 1. This is loop road and legnth of the highway is 14500 Kilometers or 9000 miles |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Eight-time grand slam champion Andre Agassi believes American men's tennis has to 'regroup at grass roots level' if it ever wants to boast a world number one again. The United States take on Great Britain in the Davis Cup in Glasgow this weekend, hoping to avenge last year's 3-1 defeat in San Diego. World number five Andy Murray will lead the charge for Britain and goes into the first-round World Group tie as the stand-out singles player, with America's John Isner and Donald Young ranked only 20th and 47th respectively. USA legend Andre Agassi (pictured in 2009) says America must 'regroup' its grass roots tennis set-up . World number five Andy Murray will lead the line for Great Britain at the Davis Cup this coming weekend . USA's Donald Young stretches to return a shot to Ivo Karlovic during the Delray Beach Open on February 22 . John Isner of the United States plays a backhand during his third-round match at the Australian Open 2015 . It is a far cry from the days of Agassi, who lifted the Davis Cup in 1990, 1992 and 1995 alongside the likes of seven-time Wimbledon champion Pete Sampras and four-time major winner Jim Courier. The last time America produced a male grand slam winner was 2003, when Agassi won the Australian Open and Andy Roddick triumphed in Flushing Meadows. 'Being the next Andy Roddick or the next Andre Agassi will still leave you shy of winning tournaments these days. That's the truth,' Agassi told Press Association Sport. 'Will we ever have a number one player again? That's achievable, of course it is, but the four guys at the top now - Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic and Andy Murray - they have redefined what this sport is all about over the last 10 years. 'You need something unique these days to make inroads, especially growing up in a country that doesn't have red clay courts. American tennis great Pete Sampras won the Wimbledon championship seven times during his career . Agassi has singled out Switzerland's Roger Federer as one of the 'four guys at the top now' He has also placed Serbia's Novak Djokovic on that list, pictured here at the Dubaio Duty Free Championships . Spain's Rafael Nadal returns a ball against Argentine Juan Monaco during the final of the ATP Buenos Aires . 'I don't know where Andy spent his childhood playing (he spent time in Spain as a teenager) but he plays the game like he wasn't just playing indoors. 'We don't have that in America. We have a lot of fast court players and the ones who do shine are the ones who bring a different equation. 'Isner, for example, is a monster, he's 6ft 10 plus with a huge game, so we have to regroup at a grass roots level.' Despite a shock defeat to 18-year-old Borna Coric in Dubai last week, Murray will be expected to win both his singles matches in Glasgow. That means the tie could depend on the doubles rubber, where Andy and Jamie Murray are set to face American twins Bob and Mike Bryan, the most successful duo of all time. American duo Bob (left) and Mike Bryan are set to come up against Great Britain's Jamie and Andy Murray . 'It's a tough ask for both teams because there's very little that separates it,' Agassi said. 'We have a big advantage in our doubles but you guys have a huge advantage with Murray. 'People think he's coming off a bad loss but I've got news for you; he's going to be ready to go in a week and he's going to be playing his best tennis in front of a home crowd. 'I hope we can get over the finishing line and I'll have my fingers crossed like the rest of us.' Agassi has previously admitted an interest in a coaching career and is even considered a potential mentor for Murray, who idolised the American as a junior. 'I enjoy the idea of coaching but I wouldn't physically, emotionally and mentally be able to do the job that I would want to do,' Agassi said. 'You can't just step in and give advice. Coaching isn't talking, it's learning. 'The things I say about Andy are not going to be a surprise to him. 'It's finding out what that switch is, it's getting them to see something a different way and you can't do that until you spend time and learn with them. 'I can't commit the time now, even if I wanted to, I have too many responsibilities. 'That doesn't mean there wouldn't be a time in the future, but I can't do it at the moment.' Agassi is tipping Murray to recover from his shock loss to Borna Coric and perform well at the Davis Cup . | USA tennis legend Andre Agassi says the country needs to 'regroup' He feels they are a long way off producing another world number one . Agassi has backed Great Britain's Andy Murray to impress at the Davis Cup . Murray enters the tournament off the back of a shock loss to Borna Coric . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A boy suffered multiple seizures after overdosing on liquorice sweets. The 10-year-old boy was admitted to hospital in Bologna, Italy, after suffering a seizure. Hours later, doctors reported he suffered another three seizures. He also complained of a bad headache and had high blood pressure. He appeared to be suffering from posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), a condition characterized by headache, confusion, seizures and visual loss. A 10-year-old boy suffered four seizures which doctors found was due to his habit of eating 20 liquorice sweets a day for four months . But doctors were baffled as CT and MRI scans ruled out all the major condition that lead to PRES. During a medical examination a week later doctors noticed that the boy’s teeth were black. It transpired that he had been eating at least 20 liquorice sweets each day for the past four months. This mean he was consuming of 2.88 mg/kg of glycyrrhizin or glycyrrhizic acid, one of the active ingredients of liquorice. That volume is well above the World Health OrganiSation’s recommended maximum of 2 mg/kg. This excessive consumption had resulted in his development of high blood pressure, and in turn PRES. After the boy stopped eating the sweets, his treatment was gradually reduced and his blood pressure returned to normal. In light of the case, doctors are now calling for a recommended daily amount to be printed clearly on sweets packets as a safety measures. Last year, MailOnline reported on the story of Keith Ballantine, 68, who was struck down with a rare nerve condition which left him unable to move after eating too many liquorice allsorts . The risk of PRES risk is particularly high for children with a low body weight, Dr Davide Tassinari and colleagues from the University of Bologna, Italy, said. The case was published in Pediatric Neurology. In the past, the US' Food and Drug Administration has warned black liquorice can lead to irregular heartbeats, and other health problems when consumed by adults in large quantities. The glycyrrhizin causes the kidneys to excrete potassium, and low levels of the compound can make the heart beat dangerously fast or irregularly. Glycyrrhizin also leads to salt and water retention which can be a problem for people with heart failure or high blood pressure, it said. Other studies have shown glycyrrhizinc can increase blood pressure or cause muscle weakness and chronic fatigue. Research has also suggested it can lower testosterone levels in men, affecting their mood and libido. The news comes after MailOnline reported on the story of a grandfather who developed a rare nerve condition which left him unable to move, after eating too many liquorice allsorts. Keith Ballantine, 68, was struck down with Guillain-Barre Syndrome after consuming too many of the sweets. They gave him an upset stomach and doctors believe the antibodies he produced to fight the bug caused his body to react badly - and Mr Ballantine then developed the deadly nerve disease. Within weeks, he was completely paralysed – and he only managed to relearn to walk again a year later. | Boy was admitted to hospital in Italy and suffered four seizures . Was suffering from posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) Doctors were baffled as scans ruled out all usual major causes of PRES . His teeth were black so they found he had been eating masses of liquorice . Had consumed double the recommended daily amount of glycyrrhizin . Doctors now calling for safety warning to be printed on sweet packets . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester United defender Marcos Rojo is doubtful with a groin injury for Sunday's crunch clash with Tottenham at Old Trafford. Manager Louis van Gaal revealed that the Argentina international will have a 'minor problem' assessed before the game as the Reds prepare to take on Spurs in a key fixture in the battle for a top-four place in the Premier League. Manchester United defender Marcos Rojo picked up the injury against Arsenal on Monday night . Rojo started Monday's FA Cup quarter-final against Arsenal at centre-half to accommodate Luke Shaw's return but reverted to the left-hand side of defence in the second half when Shaw was replaced by Phil Jones, before going off with 17 minutes left in the 2-1 defeat. However, Shaw should be available for the visit of in-form Spurs to Old Trafford but Angel Di Maria and Jonny Evans are both ruled out by suspension. Manager Louis van Gaal said Rojo has a 'minor problem' and will be assessed before Sunday's game . 'More or less, only Robin van Persie is injured,' van Gaal told MUTV. 'That is a good sign – when you have a defeat and all your players want to train and show the energy in the training session. That's good to see. 'Rojo is a little bit injured. You have to take care of the health of the players. He has a minor problem. Maybe I'll take him out of the game against Tottenham Hotspur, but I have to decide.' | Marcos Rojo is doubtful with a groin injury for Tottenham clash . The defender picked up injury during Monday's 2-1 defeat by Arsenal . Angel Di Maria and Jonny Evans are both ruled out by suspension . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Nigel Pearson has underlined Leicester's survival belief but admitted they need to beat Hull. The Foxes are seven points from safety in the Barclays Premier League and have lost five of their last six top-flight games. They host the Tigers on Saturday and manager Pearson insists they are out to prove the doubters wrong. Nigel Pearson (centre) watches training unfold on Thursday as Leicester prepare for their clash against Hull . Pearson insists he and his squad believe they can still avoid relegation from the Premier League this season . He said: 'We still have a strong belief in our ability to stay up this season. 'Whether other people share it is not that important at the moment. In house there is a feeling we can do it. 'Saturday is a game both sides want to win. But Hull may be happier with the draw than us. We certainly need to win the game.' The Foxes have not won in the league since beating Aston Villa 1-0 in January but Pearson thinks one victory could spark a run of results. 'That is something we keep very much in our minds because we do have that belief,' said the manager, who spent just over a year as Hull boss before returning to Leicester in 2011. 'But you have to get that first one. 'This is a game a lot of people see as being a pivotal one we have. It will be a difficult game.' Wes Morgan (right) challenges striker David Nigent for the ball at the club's Belvoir Drive training ground . Midfielder Andy King (left) plays a pass under pressure from team-mate Paul Konchesky in training . Dean Hammond (calf) and Anthony Knockaert (personal reasons) are out but goalkeeper Kasper Schmeichel could return after four months out with a broken foot. Matt Upson is expected to control the defence and the centre-back insisted he will remain calm despite their position. 'Personally I don't care about the occasion,' Upson told the club's official site. 'Whether it's a World Cup final or a Premier League game it's the same focus and the same attitude, the grass is green and the ball is round. 'I'd like to use that as extra motivation. I like to think I'm committed to do my best, whether I'm playing for the Under-21s or the first team.' Leicester have not played since their 2-0 defeat at Manchester City and with a 10-day break between games Upson hopes they have recharged. Goalkeeper Kasper Schmeichel could return to face Hull after recovering from a broken foot . 'I think it can be quite a difficult, 10 days' said the 34-year-old. 'You can look at it in two ways, it's just important that the players are looking at it in the right way - as an opportunity to prepare for this game. 'It's a difficult period and a lot of thought has to go into training and how much you do focusing on one game, and how much is for fitness and how much is for getting the players in the right frame of mind. 'All those things have to have the right balance and I think it's important to get into the right frame of mind.' | Leicester City are seven points from safety at the bottom of the table . Manager Nigel Pearson believes his side can still stay up . The Foxes host strugglers Hull at the King Power Stadium on Saturday . CLICK HERE for all the latest Leicester City news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An Ohio fugitive was captured by police after he posted where he was headed for baseball practice on Facebook. Joey Patterson, 22, was wanted on a felony warrant after he violated his probation in a fraud case in Idaho. On Saturday Patterson went on the social media site and invited friends to join him for batting practice at the Armory Softball Field in Boise. Joey Patterson, 22, was captured by police after he posted on Facebook that he planned to practice some baseball batting techniques at the Armory Softball Field in Boise, Ohio . But instead of hitting the dugout, Patterson ended up in a cell after Caldwell police officers arrived on the field to arrest him, according to KTVB-7. He had already been on the run from police for several months before he got caught. Sgt. Joey Hoadley told the station that police often 'keep a close eye' on social media to track down fugitives. 'Surprisingly, even fugitives can't keep from updating their Facebook status,' he said. 'It leads to some great arrests.' Caldwell police officers arrived on the field to arrest him. Patterson was wanted on a felony warrant after violating his probation in an Idaho fraud case . | Joey Patterson, 22, invited friends on the social media site to join him for batting practice at the Armory Softball Field in Boise, Ohio . He was wanted on a felony warrant after violating probation in a fraud case . Patterson had been on the run from police for several months . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A famous Thai temple has apologised after finding itself at the centre of an international row for reportedly banning Chinese tourists from its new toilet. The tourists were said to have disgusted other visitors to Wat Rong Khun – The White Temple – by urinating on walls and defecating on the floor. The complaints were believed to have prompted a decision by the temple’s owner that new toilet facilities due to open would be made unavailable for Chinese tourists, according to People’s Daily. But, responding to online criticism, owner Chalermchai Kositpipat – who stressed he is ‘three quarters Chinese but cannot speak the language’ – said everyone would be allowed to use the new facilities. The White Temple's beautiful setting is kept pristine for the thousands who visit all year round . The temple is actually a privately-owned art exhibit designed to resemble a Buddhist temple . Wat Rong Khun, one of the most popular tourist spots for Chinese tourists in Thailand, is situated in Chiang Rai. It is better known as The White Temple due to its stunning all-white exteriors. And, keen to remain whiter-than-white, the temple had become concerned with reports that foul messes left behind by a minority of guests had made it difficult for others to use the toilets. Chalermchai Kositpipat said the temple originally had two bathrooms and had recently built a third one about 200 metres away from its popular 'golden toilet', reported China Daily. All tourists are now free to use any of the bathrooms, continued the report. Embarrassed Chalermchai Kositpipat attempted to deflect criticism by pointing out he has three-quarters Chinese blood. His father originally comes from Guangdong and his mother is Thai-Chinese. Although he can’t speak Chinese, he remembers the Chinese name his father has given him, which reads Qi Longcai. 'I don’t have any intention to look down upon Chinese,' said the owner. ‘As Chinese, I hope we can all strive to ensure that we travel with manners.' The temple's owner has invested huge sums of his money into renovations but does not charge entry fees . The temple was nearly demolished when it was affected by an earthquake in May 2014 . Chalermchai Kositpipat designs the temple himself - and the state-of-the-art bathrooms are a tourist attraction in their own right. While the temple closed its bathrooms temporarily to Chinese tourists on February 3, it has been opened since. The ‘White Temple incident’, as it was dubbed by Chinese media, caught the attention of government officials as well as the press in both China and Thailand. Governmental functions such as The Ministry of Tourism and Sports have stressed repetitively that Thailand welcomes Chinese tourists. Chinese-language pamphlets and guidebooks are available in many tourist attractions, such as The Grand Palace. The news also sparked debate within Thailand. According to People’s Daily, some Thai netizens expressed anger towards the rude behaviour of Chinese tourists, while others thought they should keep a tolerant mind. Li Liangcheng, the Minister of Thailand-China Tourism Association, said the arrival of Chinese tourists has brought considerable income and that Thailand welcomes Chinese tourists. Mr Li also encouraged Chinese tourists to understand the local customs and laws. | Chinese tourists accused of urinating on walls and defecating on floors . Country had reacted furiously to reports they were banned from toilets . Temple owner stresses he is 'three quarters Chinese' and won't ban them . |
Based on the following paragraph on drinking water, is there a risk of drinking too much water during exercising? | The human body contains from 55% to 78% water, depending on body size.[user-generated source?] To function properly, the body requires between one and seven liters (0.22 and 1.54 imp gal; 0.26 and 1.85 U.S. gal)[citation needed] of water per day to avoid dehydration; the precise amount depends on the level of activity, temperature, humidity, and other factors. Most of this is ingested through foods or beverages other than drinking straight water. It is not clear how much water intake is needed by healthy people, though the British Dietetic Association advises that 2.5 liters of total water daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration, including 1.8 liters (6 to 7 glasses) obtained directly from beverages. Medical literature favors a lower consumption, typically 1 liter of water for an average male, excluding extra requirements due to fluid loss from exercise or warm weather.
Healthy kidneys can excrete 0.8 to 1 liter of water per hour, but stress such as exercise can reduce this amount. People can drink far more water than necessary while exercising, putting them at risk of water intoxication (hyperhydration), which can be fatal. The popular claim that "a person should consume eight glasses of water per day" seems to have no real basis in science. Studies have shown that extra water intake, especially up to 500 milliliters (18 imp fl oz; 17 U.S. fl oz) at mealtime, was associated with weight loss. Adequate fluid intake is helpful in preventing constipation. | Yes, since exercise induced stress can reduce the volume of water that the kidneys can excrete, drinking too much water during exercise can result in water intoxication which can be fatal. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)It was always going to take an extraordinary performance from a very talented swimmer to beat Michael Phelps at his favorite event in an Olympic final. For more than a decade, the great American had vanquished all comers in the 200 meters butterfly on both the world and Olympic stage, but then along came Chad le Clos. When the South African chased down Phelps in the final 50 meters of the race to snatch a dramatic fingertip victory by 0.05 seconds he created one of the defining moments of the 2012 London Olympics. As a 12-year-old, le Clos had gazed into his television set at home in Durban watching in awe as Phelps, widely regarded as the greatest swimmer of all-time, won six Olympic gold medals at Athens in 2004. So perhaps it's not surprising that lining up alongside his hero in an Olympic final eight years later took on a slightly surreal air. "My dream was always to swim like Michael Phelps so when I raced against him in the final it was actually a crazy feeling," le Clos tells CNN's Human to Hero series. "When I touched at 150 (meters) I think I was 1.5 meters behind him. When I turned I actually looked at him underwater and I thought I was him -- I know it sounds absolutely crazy, but I saw myself as him going past someone else." "I remembered how he used to come off the last turn and, you know, smoke everyone ... I thought, he's done this for so many years and I remembered that when I was swimming. I don't know what it was but it was magical." The mind-altering moment quickly morphed into a life-changing experience for the then 20-year-old who edged out Phelps in the final stroke. "It was such a huge moment for South Africa. Obviously, to represent your country is a huge honor but to beat Michael Phelps at the Olympics was amazing," he says. "As a young kid everyone wants to be like their heroes but you don't actually think one day that you're going to beat them." The remarkable victory was memorable not just for le Clos' reactions -- which went from joy to disbelief immediately after the race -- but for those of his father Bert, whose elated response and subsequent TV interview have become an enduring part of the swimmer's story. The excitable tribute to his "down-to-earth, beautiful boy," which included repeated mentions of the word "unbelievable," touched the hearts of viewers and turned le Clos senior into something of a household name himself. "I never knew my father was such a celebrity until like five, six days after the Games -- I was so wrapped up in (my own) bubble," le Clos explains. "We were walking down the street and everyone was taking photos of me, but I couldn't find my dad, and I saw him and there were a line of people taking photos of him and I was like: 'Dad! You are stealing my thunder here. C'mon!' It was incredible. "Everywhere he goes he's that famous dad and that's amazing because he really is. Nothing was put on for the cameras -- that's how he is back home. To my other brothers and sister he's a great dad." Success in the pool has been rich reward for Bert, who steered the Chad towards swimming when a football career looked more likely. "My parents were hugely influential in helping me make decisions throughout my life, especially my sporting career," he says. "When I was young I played football until I was about 13 or 14 years old -- I played for the state team (Natal). I had to make a decision and my dad realized that I was a better swimmer, even though my family had a football background. "Ninety-nine percent of fathers would have told their son to play football ... I still thank him every day for helping me make that decision." There is now another le Clos in the pool -- teenager Jordan is hoping to follow in his brother's large footsteps, having already competed at South Africa's national championships. "You know, 2020 is very important to me," says Chad. "Hopefully my brother can make the Olympics then and swim in the same relay team." Originally a breaststroker, le Clos switched to butterfly after he tore both his abductor muscles (in the groin) in 2008 when he was 16 years old. "Butterfly movement is really different. It's unlike freestyle or other strokes where it's very, very technical. I compare it to dancing -- I'm a terrible dancer! -- it's about getting your hips right, your kick is very important. I just really enjoy it. It's a fast stroke, so I guess the injury was a blessing in disguise for me." While swimming's toughest stroke remains his favored discipline, le Clos has also struck gold in the individual 200m freestyle -- at the short-course world championships in Doha last year -- and the 400m medley (butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke and freestyle) at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi. But it is butterfly where he has dominated in recent years. After pipping Phelps in the 200m in London, le Clos had to settle for silver behind the American in the 100m, but he hasn't missed a stroke since. A 100m and 200m double at the 2013 World Championships in Barcelona was followed by gold at the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland last August. He capped a brilliant 2014 in December with three more titles (50m, 100m and 200m) at the short-course worlds in Doha before being crowned FINA World Male Swimmer of the Year -- an award he is incredibly proud of. "The Olympic gold will always be there and it will be the most outstanding moment of my life, but to win the 2014 Swimmer of the Year award was up there. Not many people have won the Ballon d'Or of swimming, so it was a very special moment for me." For le Clos, who turns 23 in April, the best is almost certainly yet to come with another Olympics fast approaching. He concedes that it will be "very, very difficult" to get anywhere near Phelps' record haul of 18 Olympic gold medals (and 22 overall), but he may get the chance to race him one more time. Phelps, who announced his retirement following the 2012 London Games, made a shock return to the pool last year although things haven't exactly gone to plan -- the "Baltimore Bullet" is serving a six-month ban imposed by USA Swimming after he was arrested for drink-driving last September. The ban has put his planned appearance at this year's FINA World Championships in doubt, but Phelps is still hopeful of qualifying for his fifth Olympics in 2016. "I really, really hope that he and his team decide to swim in Rio, I really believe it will be great," le Clos told Reuters last year. "It's added motivation for me ... with Michael back, it's really sparked my fire, so to speak. I don't think he will be worse in Rio, I think he'll be back where he wants to be. He's a champion in all respects but I believe I can beat him again." If he can, then le Clos will have taken a giant step towards his ultimate aim of swimming and sporting immortality. "I want to cement myself in the sport as one of the greats. In swimming terms, I want people to remember Chad le Clos -- the guy that not only beat Michael Phelps, but who is the best fast swimmer of all time," he says. "In South Africa we have a rich history of great champions -- rugby players, cricket players, a lot of great golfers -- so I'm among really tough competition, but I believe that after 2016 and 2020 I can hopefully be the greatest." | South African swimmer stunned Michael Phelps at 2012 London Olympics . After defeating his childhood idol, le Clos has dominated 100m and 200m butterfly . His father Bert is also famous for joyful celebrations following son's win in London . The 22-year-old is hoping to square up to Phelps again at Rio in 2016 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A video purporting to show the executions of two alleged spies has been released by Nigerian Islamist group Boko Haram. One of the men is made to make a full confession, explaining his 'crimes' to the camera, before they pair are beheaded and their bodies shown to the camera. The gruesome execution video echoes those posted by Islamic State and is the second released by Boko Haram. Scroll down for video . Brutal: A gruesome video allegedly showing the executions of two men accused of working as police spies has been released by Nigerian Islamist group Boko Haram . The video, called 'Harvest of Spies', was posted Monday on Twitter by Boko Haram, the SITE intelligence group said today. It starts by showing a man kneeling in the foreground with a group of Boko Haram fighters approaching him holding a flag used by militant Islamist groups. In a theatrical display previously seen in the execution videos released by ISIS, the men line up behind the victim. The video then cuts to show two men, identified as Dawoud Muhammad and Muhammad Awlu, led by Boko Haram fighters before being made to kneel. One Boko Haram fighter, whose face has been blurred by the militant group, stands behind Dawoud Muhammad, holding a large knife. Spy: One of the victims is made to confess his 'crimes' to the camera before the two are beheaded . Horror: After one of the men has spoken of how they have spied on Boko Haram on behalf of the local police force, the pair are beheaded by militant fighters . Mr Muhammad tells the camera that he is a farmer from Baga, northern Nigeria, and is then made to answer a series of questions at knifepoint. Mr Muhammad reveals that hat he had been approached by a police officer who offered him money in exchange for infiltrating Boko Haram. 'We went to see a man from Mijka and a police officer that was with him. The officer gave me 5,000 Naira (£16.20),' Mr Muhammad tells the camera. Mr Muhammad is made to confess that their mission has been to spy on the 'residents who live here' i.e. Boko Haram, and in exchange for spying, the police officers had promised him that he would 'become rich and will never go back to be a farmer again'. Promoting terror: The video emerged on a Boko Haram Twitter account on Monday . The camera pans from left to right in slow motion, showing Mr Muhammad and Mr Awlu on their knees as they are executed by Boko Haram fighters. The video fades before the actual beheadings take place, and then shows the two men's bodies with their heads placed upon their chests. The video does not reveal how the spies were caught by the militants and MailOnline has yet to confirm its authenticity. Boko Haram previously published only one beheading, of a Nigerian fighter pilot whose plane went missing in September. Mr Muhammad's home town of Baga, was the site of a series of mass killings carried out by Boko Haram in January this year which is believed to have resulted in 2,000 deaths and saw more than 14,000 people flee the city. | Beheading video released by Nigerian terrorists Boko Haram . Video allegedly shows execution of two men accused of spying . One of the men confesses to spying on behalf of the Nigerian police . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The ostentatious hats, risqué dresses and outrageous behaviour on Ladies' Day has become as traditional at Aintree as its horse racing. But bosses at the Grand National course have a plan to preserve their visitors' dignity. Photographers at the world's greatest steeplechase meeting will be banned from taking pictures of badly dressed women. Scroll down for video . Race-goers from Swansea in hats and heels at Ladies' Day at the Grand National race meeting in Aintree racecourse, Liverpool . Two ladies enjoy themselves, taking a swig from a bottle of bubbly at Aintree, Liverpool . John Baker, managing director of the racecourse,hoped the ban would put an end to what he claimed was unfair coverage of customers getting drunk or flashing too much flesh at the event. He said: 'We want to overwhelm the negativity, to push the positivity to the front. 'Our event is full of character, it's fun, and that's generated by the personality of the Liverpool people.' Bosses have a plan to preserve their visitors' dignity and will ban any photographer taking unflattering photographs . Last year at Ladies' Day at Aintree racecourse, in Liverpool, where one racegoer takes a glug of pink champagne . He warned that any photographer taking unflattering pictures would lose their accreditation. 'We have to absolutely protect that because it's at the core of what we are, and we have a responsibility to our customers to project the correct image,' he told the Liverpool Echo. 'We have talked about trying to monitor those photographers, so if we see any element clearly looking for a negative shot and we can identify that, we will take their accreditation off them and we'll kick them off the site. 'That's not easily manageable, but that's what we'll endeavour to do.' A racegoer rests on her friend amongst the rubbish at Ladies' Day, Aintree . The managing director of the racecourse is hoping the ban will put an end to what he claims is unfair coverage . Two Ladies' Day visitors to the racecourse, both in big hats and heels, one wearing a bright red fur cape while another wears black . A racegoer in a bridal-style dress for Ladies' Day is helped up by her friend, in a very short pink dress, after she appeared to have fallen over . Ladies' Day, a firm fixture on the North West social calendar, frequented by celebrity WAGs such as Colleen Rooney and Alex Curran. Tens of thousands of racegoers attend each year and the Grand National is seen as the world's most famous horse race, generating TV viewing figures in the hundreds of millions from across the globe. But recently, Ladies' Day has reportedly failed to sell out with suggestions regular race-goers have been put off by media coverage of some women taking advantage of the 'lax' dress code, banned at other racecourses. Aintree, which runs a style contest for the best-dressed ladies on the day, will also now issue their own images on their website, Facebook and Twitter to counter other outlets who may want to put a 'negative slant' on the meeting. The ban aims to end the trend of endless pictures of customers getting drunk or flashing too much flesh at the event, like above . A racegoer writes his phone number on the thigh of a woman, left, and right, an elegantly dressed woman rides a mechanical horse . Photographers at Aintree racecourse will have their accreditation taken away if they take unflattering pictures at the event. Pictured: A racegoer plays to a televison camera . A racegoer is pictured open-mouthed as a friend feeds her a burger at Ladies' Day . A woman laughs as she accidentally slips in her heels next to the bar at the Aintree Grand National meeting . Bosses at the Grand National course have a plan to preserve their visitors' dignity, by banning shots of women behaving badly . A woman holds a drink up at Ladies' Day at the Aintree Grand National meeting in April 2012 . A woman shows off her winnings as racegoers enjoy the party atmosphere of Ladies' Day . Racegoers relax on the ground at Ladies' Day at the Aintree Grand National Festival meeting last year . Female racegoers make their way home through the rubbish at Ladies' Day . A woman dresses like a jockey at Ladies' Day at Aintree last year, complete with riding crop . Some women take co-ordinating their outfits rather seriously. Pictured: a woman in a garish floral dress (left) and (right) a racegoer teams a garish fur-trimmed coat with an extremely short red dress . Young ladies wear very bold makeup and even bolder outfits at Ladies' Day at Aintree . Raucous women in short dresses pose for pictures at Ladies' Day at the Grand National meeting in Aintree . Racegoers swap their shoes for flip flops as they make their way home from Ladies' Day . Women dress up for Ladies' Day at the Grand National Festival, Aintree racecourse in Liverpool . At the world famous Grand National Festival, fashion and dressing to impress is as important as the racing, but bosses have nor banned unflattering images like the one above . Rubbish litters the ground as racegoers make their way home at the end of Ladies Day at the Aintree Grand National Festival meeting last year . A man awkwardly gives a woman a piggyback ride as racegoers make their way home from Ladies' Day . A couple kiss on the rubbish-littered ground at the Aintree Grand National Festival meeting last year . Racegoers dance and enjoy the party atmosphere of Ladies Day at the Grand National Festival meeting . John Baker, the racecourse's managing director, says the event is 'full of character'. Pictured: a woman enjoys a drink straight from the bottle . A female racegoer holds a plastic cup in her mouth at the Grand National Festival in Aintree . Women have been accused of taking advantage of the 'lax' dress code. Pictured: a racegoer wears an ill-fitting pink dress . A racegoer takes the extreme cleavage trend (left) to Ladies' Day at Aintree racecourse, while another wears a tight corset and shows off a large back tattoo (right) 'We have a responsibility to our customers to project the correct image,' said a spokesman for the event . Media coverage of some women taking advantage of the 'lax' dress code has reportedly put some off the Grand National meeting . Strange fashion choices at Ladie's Day include furry skirts and dresses which are short in the front and long in the back . Photographers at Aintree will have their accreditation taken off them if the photograph badly dressed women . One racegoer teams an jewellled headpiece with a complicated hairstyle and flowing dress (left) while another goes for a fur-trimmed pink number . A racegoer writes his phone number on the thigh of a woman, left, and right, an elegantly dressed woman rides a mechanical horse . The new rules aim to dispel the reputation of scantily-clad and badly dressed women the event has attracted . Abigail Johnson, Kerry Maher and Becca Davies at Ladies Day at the Grand National Festival, Aintree . A woman with an elaborate hairdo reveals ample cleavage in a tight red dress with a very high slit . Barefoot and carrying a bottle of water, this racegoer starts to make her way home after Ladies' Day . Racegoers leave the course in high spirits after Ladies' Day, Aintree Racecourse . Race fan Lilly Evans dresses up in her finest during the second day of the Grand National meeting in 2007 . Women wear ponchos and drink beer in the rain during Ladies' Day at Aintree in 2012 . Alexis Althrope in an ornate butterfly hat at the Grand National race meeting at Aintree racecourse . A racegoer wears a bright multi-coloured hat with matching jacket at the Grand National race meeting at Aintree . A racegoer wears a short, cream-coloured dress with uncomfortably high wedged heels . These women appear to be more suitably dressed for a nightclub rather than Ladies' Day at Aintree . A woman in a bedazzled dress dances with her arms in the air at the Aintree Grand National meeting in 2012 . Racegoers brave the rain as they refuse to let it spoil the occasion at Ladies' Day in April 2013 . Racegoers cheer on their horses during The Tangle Teezer Top Novices' Hurdle Race on Ladies' Day in 2012 . A female racegoers protect herself from the weather at Ladies' Day at Aintree Racecourse on April 13, 2012 . A woman shows off the tattoo on her chest during Ladies' Day at the Aintree Grand National meeting in 2011 . A woman wearing a couture hat eats a burger during Ladies' Day at Aintree Racecourse in 2010 . A woman sticks her tongue out to the camera as she and a fellow racegoer enjoy a cigarette . Bride-to-be Gemma Blease enjoys a ride on a horse racing simulator as she and her hen party enjoy the atmosphere of Ladies Day at the Aintree Grand National Festival meeting in April last year . A female racegoers poses for a picture as she arrives for Ladies' Day at Aintree Racecourse last year . Women strikes a series of poses at Ladies' Day at Aintree racecourse last year . A woman in an ill-fitting pink dress makes her way to the bar at Aintree Grand National Festival meeting . Racegoers relax on the found as they enjoy the atmosphere of Ladies Day at the Grand National Festival . A barefoot racegoer smiles as she is seen leaving the course at the end of Ladies' Day last year . A woman is helped to her feet after tripping as she and racegoers make their way home from Ladies' Day . Garishly-dressed racegoers leave the course in flip-flops at the end of Ladies' Day last year . A woman in a tight dress reveals ample cleavage and plenty of thigh in a garish dress with matching bag . A woman applies bright lipstick, despite being in danger of a wardrobe malfunction . Two men dressed as jockeys pose for a photo with three ladies on ladies day during day two of the John Smith's Grand National meeting at Aintree . A woman dons novelty glasses at Ladies' Day at the Aintree Grand National meeting . A woman drinks straight from the bottle (left) and right, another racegoer makes a face at the camera . Racegoers pose in novelty glasses at the Crabbie's Grand National Festival 2014 . A female racegoer slumps over her friend on the ground surrounded by rubbish . A racegoer leaves the course at the end of Ladies' Day of the Grand National horse race meeting at Aintree . | Ladies' Day at Grand National is seen as the day for visitors to dress up . Aintree event is often frequented by celebrity WAGs like Colleen Rooney . But parade of risque dresses, fake tans and huge hats have led to ridicule . Now bosses at the event are set to put a ban on unflattering photographs . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Liverpool and Manchester United met on Sunday and renewed hostilities in English football's greatest rivalry, but 100 years ago they were making headlines for all the wrong reasons in a scandal that shocked the nation. The events ultimately cost one player his life and left another broken. It was Good Friday, April 4 1915 and Britain was at war. As the two sides met, Manchester United were struggling to avoid relegation, while Liverpool were in mid-table. In an oddly tame affair, George Anderson put United 1-0 up before Liverpool defender Bob Pursell conceded a penalty yet United's Patrick O'Connell missed by some distance. Anderson added a second before Liverpool forward Fred Pagnam hit the crossbar and was seemingly chastised by teammates for trying to score. Sandy Turnbull (second row, third from right) sits next to Enoch West and Arthur Whalley sits on the left of the front row (all three are circled) The sparse 18,000 Old Trafford crowd, sensing something was awry, jeered and booed, the match referee and local reporters noted Liverpool's lack of commitment. United manager John Robson is alleged to have left the stadium in disgust. 'The second half was crammed with lifeless football,' reported The Manchester Daily Dispatch. 'United were two up with 22 minutes to play and they seemed so content with their lead that they apparently never tried to increase it. Liverpool scarcely ever gave the impression that they would be likely to score.' A fortnight later, handbills were circulated alleging that a large amount of money had been bet at odds of 7/1 on a 2–0 win to United. A suspiciously large number of bets had been made on that very scoreline causing odds to shorten to 4/1. The two points United won from the game were enough to earn them 18th place and safety. United with the three trophies they won in 1909. Turnbull is seated front right . The Sporting Chronicle published a notice from a bookmaker called 'Football King' who promised a substantial reward for information that would lead to punishment of the 'instigators of this reprehensible conspiracy'. It stated: 'We have solid grounds for believing that a certain First League match played in Manchester during Easter weekend was 'squared,' the home club being permitted to win by a certain score.' Mark Wylie, curator of the Manchester United museum, has been reflecting on the scandal this week as the 100th anniversary approaches with many questions still unanswered. 'Football was under intense scrutiny anyway, with it being wartime,' he said.' There had been so many complaints in the newspapers, in parliament, from the military, that professional football was being played while British soldiers, sailors and airmen were being killed, so the powers-that-be were anxious to see that football wasn't tarnished any further and they launched an investigation.' The Football League's lengthy delving found that players from both sides had been involved in rigging the match: Sandy Turnbull, Arthur Whalley and Enoch West of United, and Jackie Sheldon, Tom Miller, Bob Pursell and Thomas Fairfoul of Liverpool. United captain Charlie Roberts holding the FA Cup on the steps of Manchester Town Hall . They were accused of plotting the events during clandestine meetings at the Dog and Partridge pub in Stretford. Sheldon, a former United player, was found to be the plot's ringleader. Liverpool's Fred Pagnam and United's George Anderson had refused to take part; Pagnam had threatened to score a goal to ruin the result hence his teammates remonstrating with him when he hit the crossbar. He later testified against them and claimed Sheldon had offered him £3 in a taxi en route to the game. At the same hearing, United legend Billy Meredith denied any knowledge of the match-fixing, but said that he became suspicious when none of his teammates would pass the ball to him. Manchester United 2 Liverpool 0 (April 2, 1915) Anderson (2) MANCHESTER UNITED: Beale; Hodge, Spratt, Montgomery, O'Connell, Haywood, Meredith, Potts, Anderson, West, Norton. Manager: Jack Robson . LIVERPOOL: Scott; Longworth, Pursell, Fairfoul, Bratley, MacKinlay, Sheldon, Banks, Pagnam, Miller, Nicholl. Manager: Tom Watson. Attendance: 18,000. On December 23, 1915, the seven were banned from playing for life. Stockport County's Lawrence Cook, a first class Lancashire cricketer, and Manchester City's Fred Howard were also suspended for their part in placing bets. A distraught West, the only United player to have appeared in the game, protested his innocence and sued the FA for libel. 'It wasn't a glorious episode,' says Wylie. 'Players could see that football was changing. With the sport under such scrutiny amid wartime, it was pretty obvious that football in 1915/16 would be very different, if it happened at all. Summer wages were being abolished, so once you got to the end of April there would be no wages until the end of August, and it was still unclear what would happen the following season. They could see their livelihood going. That was supposed to be encouragement for players to do things for the war effort.' By the time their bans were handed down, the Football League had suspended operations for the duration of the First World War. It was suggested that if the men joined the armed forces their punishment would be rescinded. All except West, signed up. For Turnbull it was to have tragic consequences. The death certificate of Sandy Turnbull (right), featuring the memorial at Arras in France . A forward of great repute, Turnbull was a Boys' Own character who had joined United from Manchester City with Meredith. The fiesty Scot, pioneered the first footballers union and his 1909 FA Cup final winning goal prompted United's owners to build Old Trafford to herald a new dawn. Fittingly, Turnbull, who lived in Maine Road, scored United's first goal at the Theatre of Dreams. Yet following the betting scandal and facing a life without football, Turnbull went to war. Sadly, on May 3 1917, at the age of 33, Lance Sergeant Sandy Turnbull was killed during a muddled, unsuccessful night attack on German lines just east of Arras, France. His body was never found. He left a widow, Florence, and four young children. The FA gave him a posthumous reinstatement. All the other players, except West, had their bans lifted by the FA in 1919 in recognition of their service to the country. West, who had been good friends with Turnbull, had continued to fight a different battle, one to clear his name. In February 1916, when United and Liverpool played in a regional match, he took to standing outside Old Trafford handing out handbills: '£50 reward. To all whom it may concern: I, Enoch James West (late Manchester United), offer the above sum to be given to any Red Cross Fund if any person or persons can prove that I bet or won any money in any way over the match at Old Trafford, Manchester United v. Liverpool, on Good Friday, 1915, the said match over which I got suspended. (Signed) Enoch James West, 68 Railway Road, Old Trafford. West twice unsuccessfully attempted to sue the FA for libel and in 1918 was caught and banned again for playing under an assumed name for a club in Ireland. He was eventually pardoned under a general amnesty in 1945, by which time he was aged 59. He had served the longest ban in football and maintained his innocence until his death in 1965. His family carried on his fight. A book entitled 'Free the Manchester United One' by Graham Sharpe pleaded Enoch's case. On publishing, Sharpe said: 'I am confident that at the very least, I have established that there is little or no genuine evidence which can be interpreted as conclusive proof of the guilt of Enoch West as he was charged.' West's great grandson, Graham West, said: 'I would just like to set the record straight, Enoch 'Knocker' West was wrongly accused of match fixing and he protested his innocence till his death bed. Having been accused of this, it broke his heart, all he lived for was football. He died a broken man thanks to these accusations that were never proved.' Sadly, the full truth may now never be known. The Liverpool Daily Post reported: 'A more one-sided first half would be hard to witness.' The . Sporting Chronicle wrote 'The Liverpool forwards gave the weakest . exhibition in this half [the second] seen on the ground during the . season.' The Manchester Daily Dispatch reported, maybe most . tellingly: 'The second half was crammed with lifeless football. United . were two up with 22 minutes to play and they seemed so content with . their lead that they apparently never tried to increase it. Liverpool . scarcely ever gave the impression that they would be likely to score.' | Manchester United were visitors at Anfield as they took on rivals Liverpool . But 100 years ago the headlines were stolen for reasons other than rivalry . Both sides were involved in a betting scandal that shocked the nation . The sorry events ultimately cost one player his life and left another broken . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Arsenal crashed out of the Champions League at the last 16 stage for the fifth time in succession after falling agonizingly short in Monaco. The Premier League side recorded a 2-0 victory on the night but went out on away goals after the tie finished level at 3-3 on aggregate. Monaco, which won 3-1 in the first leg, was overwhelmed for much of the contest and was fortunate to escape without being dumped out of the competition. Olivier Giroud's first half strike and Aaron Ramsey's 79th minute effort ensured a tense finale but the visiting side was unable to find a winner. No team had ever overcome a two-goal first leg deficit away from home in the Champions League and progressed -- but Arsenal's first half display gave it hope. Giroud, who has often been criticized this season for failing to take his chances, lashed in from close range with nine minutes of the first half remaining. Ramsey, a substitute, drove the ball into the net after Theo Walcott's effort had struck the post and Monaco's defenders hesitated. Giroud had a chance late on to cap a dramatic fightback but his effort was saved on the line. "The best team went through," Arsenal defender Per Mertesacker told ITV. "Monaco deserved it because they played much better in the first leg. We played well today but it was a massive deficit, and it wasn't enough tonight. "We came here and tried absolutely everything, and when you look at the game we could have scored more than two. "Monaco deserve it and that's absolutely fine. They caused a lot of problems away from home. We have to admit that we regret the first game. "But if we continue to play like that we'll do well in the FA Cup and the league. But play as badly as we did in the first game and you're out of the Champions League. Monaco deserved it." Arsenal's exit means Manchester City is England's sole representative remaining in the competition. It faces Barcelona on Wednesday needing to overturn a 2-1 deficit. Monaco, which which the final in 2004, joins Paris Saint-Germain in the quarterfinals. | Arsenal out of the Champions League despite 2-0 win at Monaco . Premier League club exits on away goals . Olivier Giroud and Aaron Ramsey on target for visiting team . Monaco won first leg 3-1 in London . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Victor Valdes says he can have no complaints about sitting on the bench at Manchester United as he regards his rival David de Gea as the best goalkeeper in the world. Louis van Gaal won the race to sign Valdes in January, but his only appearances in a United shirt so far have come in the Under-21 side. Despite being a three-time Champions League winner, Valdes is yet to turn out for the senior team simply because De Gea's form has been nothing short of outstanding. Victor Valdes (right) says his compatriot and team-mate David de Gea (left) is the finest keeper in the world . The former Barca man admits he doesn't mind warming the Old Trafford bench if De Gea is No 1 . Valdes bears no ill feeling towards his fellow Spaniard though. He can only marvel at his performances. 'You are always waiting for your opportunity to play and train every day to show your performance to the manager,' the former Barcelona goalkeeper told United Uncovered. 'But now David is at a very, very high performance level. 'I think he is the most important goalkeeper in the world at the moment. So it is difficult [for me] to play and, of course, I must accept this. 'For me, the top [keeper] now is David. I see him every day in training. I watch him in every game, every week, and his performances right now are amazing.' Negotiations have begun between De Gea and United over an extension to his current contract, which expires next year. Negotiations have begun between De Gea and United over an extension to his current contract . If they are unsuccessful, Real Madrid will surely pounce to sign the 24-year-old, whose Madrid-based girlfriend Edurne Garcia made it clear that she is not a fan of Manchester this week. Valdes, 33, will have a tough job on his hands winning over the fans if he replaces De Gea in goal next season. 'Every week he makes saves to help the team so I am very happy for him and also for the fans,' said Valdes, who is contracted until the end of next season. 'I always hear them sing the song of David de Gea, so I think they are very happy with David for the level of performance he has shown in the last few years. I feel the fans are definitely very happy with the job he is doing.' De Gea's latest impressive display came on Monday when he prevented Alexis Sanchez and Santi Cazorla from making United's FA Cup exit to Arsenal even more painful. One of the few times De Gea has been upstaged this season came on December 28 when Hugo Lloris pulled off a number of excellent saves to earn Tottenham a 0-0 draw against United at White Hart Lane. United management team Louis van Gaal (left) and Ryan Giggs face the test of Tottenham on Sunday . De Gea still put in a top performance in north London, and on Sunday he is likely to be busy once more when Spurs come to Old Trafford thanks to Harry Kane's form. Van Gaal, a sincere believer in youth development, has been impressed by the fact that Spurs academy graduate Kane has scored 26 goals in his breakthrough year with the club. 'The way [Kane] is scoring is a reason for their success,' Van Gaal said. 'That's one aspect of the world of football that a big talent can stand up in one season and he is doing that. 'I like the process in Tottenham because there also you can see that a lot of experienced players are not playing and a lot of youngsters are playing. Old Trafford boss Van Gaal identified the scoring sensation Harry Kane as a factor to Tottenham's success . 'In spite of that they are also very close (to the top four) and are playing attacking football. 'I like Tottenham. It is not easy to play Tottenham. 'They have a lot of talent . 'I hope we can beat them because it will be very difficult again.' Sunday's game marks the start of a tough run of fixtures for United, who then face Liverpool, Aston Villa, Manchester City and Chelsea. The Red Devils are fourth in the table, just two points in front of Liverpool and three ahead of Spurs. Van Gaal will be without Robin van Persie on Sunday as he remains sidelined with an ankle injury. Jonny Evans and Angel di Maria are suspended while Marcos Rojo is a doubt due to a groin problem. Â . | Victor Valdes signed on a free transfer but is yet to turn out for United . The Spaniard sung compatriot De Gea's praises . Â Valdes reveals he is happy to see the United No 1 in the starting XI . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | One group of supporters will ride in a Hummer 130 miles to London, two special ales have hit the market and a song has entered the charts alongside the likes of Coldplay. The mayor ranks the occasion higher than Noddy Holder receiving the freedom of the borough. Walsall are at Wembley on Sunday for the first time in their 127-year history, taking on Bristol City in the Johnstone’s Paint Trophy final, and fans are already celebrating. ‘I’ll be a 55-year-old kid,’ says Supporters Trust secretary Steve Davies. ‘To actually make it to the home of English football is something special.’ At 3.30pm, Walsall will happily exit a group of Football League teams never to have played at Wembley, leaving behind Accrington Stanley, Crawley Town and Hartlepool United. Walsall's Tom Bradshaw celebrates with supporters after booking their place in the JPT final at Wembley . They have come close four times. They lost to Bournemouth and Millwall in area finals of the same competition in 1998 and 1999. In 1984 they succumbed 4-2 over two legs to a Liverpool side featuring Ian Rush and Alan Hansen in their Milk Cup semi-final, and they were beaten by Crewe in the 1993 Third Division play-off semi. They did reach the 2001 Division Two play-off final against Alan Pardew’s Reading — but with Wembley under reconstruction, their 3-2 victory took place at the Millennium Stadium. That day in Cardiff, 15,000 fans showed up. Nearly 30,000 are making the trip to England’s capital, around seven times Walsall’s average home gate. ‘It’s unprecedented,’ says Walsall chief executive Stefan Gamble. ‘We’ve never had to deal with demand on this level. It has given the club, town, and supporters a real lift and captured the imagination. ‘For a club of our size it makes a significant impact on the manager’s playing budget for next season. This one match will generate more revenue than all our home games put together. It’s huge.’ Manager Dean Smith (centre) hailed the 'amazing achievement' admitting pride at getting Walsall to Wembley . Smith is the fourth longest-serving league manager behind Arsene Wenger, Paul Tisdale and Karl Robinson . More than 70,000 tickets have been sold, making the match the biggest in England this weekend and likely bettered only by El Clasico for attendance in Europe. Dean Smith, the fourth longest-serving league manager behind Arsenal’s Arsene Wenger, Exeter’s Paul Tisdale and Karl Robinson at MK Dons, has succeeded where many others have failed. ‘It’s an amazing achievement, especially when I think of the calibre of some of the managers who have been here before me,’ Smith says. ‘I feel very proud.’ The run began last October at Rochdale. Davies was among the 102 ‘hardy souls’ in attendance when Mathieu Manset scored the winner, his only goal for Walsall. He has since joined Cheltenham. There was then a slender victory over Sheffield United, cup conquerors of four Premier League teams in two seasons, and a penalty shootout win over Tranmere in the area semi-final. Preston were favourites in the area final but Walsall won the first leg at Deepdale 2-0 through late goals from Anthony Forde and Tom Bradshaw, aged 21 and 22. James Baxendale is carried by fans on the pitch at Banks' Stadium after a 2-0 aggregate win over Preston . Bradshaw is congratulated by supporters at the end of the 0-0 draw with Preston North End in January . ‘The second leg was fraught,’ says Davies. ‘We tend to be a little fatalistic as Walsall fans. Even at 2-0 we wouldn’t actually believe it was happening until the fat lady sang. We’d been to the area final twice before and cocked it up.’ The match at the Banks’s Stadium ended goalless in front of 10,038 fans — but chairman Jeff Bonser was not among them, having been in self-imposed exile from home matches for close to five years. Bonser, who took control of Walsall in 1992, stopped going in the face of fierce criticism from fans over his running of the club, having decided his presence would undermine performances. He will be at Wembley, though. ‘He comes into the club every day during the week and still fully supports the club both financially and morally,’ says Gamble. ‘He is as keen as anyone to see us win.’ Former players will be in the stands, too. Watford striker Troy Deeney, who scored 27 goals in 136 games for Walsall, visited his old manor on Wednesday to buy his ticket and Mark Rees, who played in that League Cup tie against Liverpool 31 years ago, will be there. Davies, meanwhile, has booked a Hummer for the drive down. ‘We’re doing it properly,’ he laughs. A young Walsall supporter celebrates after the club reached the final of the Johnstone's Paint Trophy . Many fans will have supped either (or both) of the ales produced in recognition. The Backyard Brewhouse, the only brewery in Walsall, has been pumping Super Saddlers beer to local pubs in recent weeks and the Supporters’ Trust have a limited number of bottles of their own offering, which features a picture of Forde’s goal from the Preston game on the label. Walsall FC Go To Wembley, a song by local band The Assist, is riding high in the iTunes ‘alternative’ music chart, sparring with tracks by Coldplay and the Arctic Monkeys. ‘It’s not a singalong, they’re an indie band. The lads are chuffed,’ says Davies. The town has been painted red. Literally. A famous concrete hippo in the centre has received a splash of club colours. ‘There have been some memorable events recently but this will be the highlight whether we win or lose,’ says councillor Pete Smith, the mayor. ‘The second is when we gave Noddy Holder, a Walsall lad, freedom of the borough.’ Come on feel the noise. | Walsall take on Bristol City at Wembley Johnstone's Pain Trophy final . Sunday will be the first time the club have been to Wembley in their history . Walsall reached playoff final but it was played at Millennium Stadium . Club will take 30,000 fans to Wembley, seven times average home gate . |
Based on this passage, what is the average number of people per family in Zangisheh? | Zangisheh (Persian: زنگيشه, also Romanized as Zangīsheh) is a village in Qarah Su Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 34 families. | I can only tell you what it was in 2006, because this is when the survey data provided is from. The average number of people per family at that time is the population divided by the number of families, or 153 / 34. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Radio Presenter Jane Garvey has revealed she was left ‘upset’ after watching hardcore pornography in preparation for the Radio 4 show’s latest debate . AS the host of Woman’s Hour, Jane Garvey has chaired discussions on harrowing topics ranging from rape to domestic abuse. But despite her experience, the presenter has revealed she was left ‘upset’ after watching hours of hardcore pornography in preparation for the Radio 4 show’s latest debate. The mother-of-two, 50, said she may have been ‘naïve’ but was shocked by the way women were treated in the explicit clips, with many looking like they were in pain. She also raised concerns that pornography is ‘no longer limited to the top shelf’ as it was in her own childhood but has become easily accessible as ‘erotica has gone mainstream.’ Speaking during the debate ‘Can Porn Empower Women?’, Miss Garvey said: ‘I have to say I spent an informative hour or so last week watching porn at work. I don’t want to miss Call The Midwife. ‘When I watched it last week, if I am really honest with you, I am probably a bit naïve and vanilla in my taste, I don’t think upset is too strong a word, but I was upset by the expressions of some of the women. I do not want to watch women in pain. It is not sexy. I don’t get why I should be expected to get that. Why should I?’ Other members of the panel, which included sex workers, defended pornography, claiming that not all porn is the same and that it can empower both men and women. Miss Garvey, who divorced television presenter Adrian Chiles, 47, in 2009, said access to pornography has changed since her childhood and that she worries what impact this could have on society. She said: ‘When I was a child you might find a school friend’s dad’s copy of Playboy in his bedroom and have a blooming good look and be slightly amazed and a bit stunned and a bit baffled if you were me. It was not everywhere and now it is. It was not so easily accessible. Surely that has made a difference?’ Statistics published by pornographic website Pornhub suggest that pornographic influences are having on how people view sex and relationships. Since the release of the Fifty Shades of Grey film, the site has seen a spike in searches for explicit videos about ‘domination’ of 55 percent among men and 40 percent among women. Psychotherapist Susie Orbach, 68, author of books such as Fat is a Feminist Issue and What Do Women Want?, agreed that what was once seen as pornography is now mainstream. She said: ‘I think there is porn in every women’s magazine. In Vogue and Cosmopolitan, we represent girls as if though they are always ready for it. That is a very interesting way of representing femininity and women. What used to be on the top shelf is now in every magazine and it is constructing a different relationship for girls in terms of their own bodies.’ Since the release of the Fifty Shades of Grey film, Pornhub has seen a spike in searches for explicit videos about ‘domination’ of 55 percent among men and 40 percent among women . Other panellists were keen to defend pornography. Pandora Blake, 29, who describes herself as a feminist porn performer, said it is wrong to tar all explicit videos and images with the same brush. Miss Blake, who runs a website called Dreams of Spanking and posts pictures on Twitter of bare bottoms that have been caned until they are bleeding, said: ‘Porn is not a genre. It is a medium like film or television. Saying it is degrading is like saying all of TV is degrading just because you have watched Top Gear. I would say don’t throw the baby out with the bath water. There is a growing number of feminist porn directors making the porn they want to see. It is a huge business and it is happening now. ‘I have produced porn for nine years. I have a creative vision that I want to get out there. It gives me body confidence and financial independence. We should not be judging porn on whether it empowers women as capitalism is degrading as you have to exchange your labour for money.’ To those who said the internet was to full of pornography that they would rather not see, she replied: ‘You can scroll past. The internet is like that. There is an escapism. The women choose to be there. They would rather be there than washing dishes or cleaning toilets.’ However, this was not enough for sex shop founder Sam Roddick, 43, who said the modern pornography industry, and the morals it teaches are sex and relationships, is damaging for everyone. She said: ‘I am worried what is happening now. There is too much profit engineering now. I believe the porn industry is unregulated. This is not just un-powering to women but un-powering to us all.’ ‘As the industry stands I don’t believe it holds women in a safe place. I can make my own home erotica and give it to my friends freely but if there is a mechanism of money behind it lets question it and let’s change it. That is what we need to do.’ The debate, which was recorded at the weekend, will be broadcast in an edited version on Sunday March 8 to mark International Women’s Day. | Jane Garvey left ‘upset’ after watching porn in preparation for debate . Presenter 'shocked by the way women were treated in the explicit clips' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)As a November dawn breaks over an Irish bar in downtown New York, the early risers inside are hunkered down to watch Lewis Hamilton begin his chase for a second Formula One world title. It's mid-morning in Brazil and Melissa, her husband Alex and their four-year-old daughter are also glued to the TV to watch their hero in the season-ending Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. On the verdant Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean, three thousand miles from the desert showdown, another Hamilton fan anxiously waits for the Mercedes man to race to his fate. These supporters, and others around the world from Estonia to South Africa, had voiced their hopes in video messages and their supplications on social media. When Hamilton flicked down his visor, revved the Mercedes' engine and hit the throttle, a global surge of support roared. "We came out at 6am on Sunday morning to watch the race in a bar in Manhattan," New Yorker, and self confessed No.1 Hamilton fan, Christopher Thomas told CNN. "We met up with fans from all over; we had a guy from the UK and one guy even took a bus from Boston just to watch the race. "We also made videos and sent them to Lewis' website using the hashtag TeamLH." In Brazil, self-styled Melissa "Hamilton," who is married to Alex "Senna," also used the hashtag to communicate with her idol. She told CNN: "I support Lewis every day but during the races I am aware of everything, even practice and all the interviews. "At all times he knows he can count on our support, in good times or bad. I am extremely proud to be a fan of his." When Hamilton won in Abu Dhabi -- in easier circumstances than expected thanks to an engine problem for rival Nico Rosberg -- and sealed the 2014 championship he was quick to thank his fans in the post-race media conference. "I always say we win and lose together," he smiled. "The love and energy that I get from my fans... It really made me believe that I can do anything." Racing in a global championship has helped Hamilton gain fame across international borders. In 2015, the F1 series will visit an air-mile clocking 20 countries. But when the 30-year-old Briton lines up for Sunday's season-opening Australian Grand Prix, he will do so as the most famous face on the grid. "Lewis has over three million Facebook fans -- with a third of those coming from the UK -- and he has 2.6 million Twitter followers," explained Jon Stainer, managing director of leading sports and entertainment market research company Repucom. "He has a very strong following. Compared to other F1 drivers, Lewis is also right up there in most of the sport's key markets in terms of celebrity awareness. "In the big markets -- Brazil, China, India and the UK -- he scores in the top three. Fernando Alonso is the only other [ever-present] driver." Tom Roope, whose company Rumpus Room runs Hamilton's digital media, decided to tap into the racing star's global appeal in the build-up to the sizzling Abu Dhabi finale. "We saw that Lewis' fans were talking to one another and so we came up with the protocol #TeamLH," explains Roope. Rumpus Room then devised a real time app, which enabled them to record and upload video messages of support. These twin projects enabled Roope and his team to have a better understanding of the geography and demographic of Hamilton's followers. "His fanbase is enormously international," he said. "Around 50% of them are from the UK but then there are a lot in Asia, Brazil and the U.S. 30,000 fans uploaded videos from 50 countries. "There was also a surprisingly high female following, which is probably connected to [his former girlfriend popstar] Nicole Scherzinger." The video messages was then edited into four films, which were broadcast daily on Hamilton's social platforms over the race weekend. The final film on race day had a million views on Facebook in one day alone. Our story. Here it is. #TeamLHmovie. Thank you all so much #TeamLH @mercedesamgf1 . https://t.co/HbuiT4jRrw . Hamilton himself explained the concept, and the emotional response it generated within him, after the race. "This weekend the guy who does my website put together a collage of different clips of messages from people," he said. "I really didn't know what to expect. When I got it there was something happening in my heart. I can't really explain it." Thomas and his fiancée Julliana Sanchez, as well as Melissa and her family and the Reunion Island fan, were featured in the films. "It was important to us personally," Thomas said. "It's a big deal for us making a video and seeing him acknowledge his fans." Thomas, who is originally from Guyana in South America, has also been galvanizing global support for Hamilton through social media for the last five years. He explained: "The idea percolated at the Canadian Grand Prix in 2010. My brother-in-law Shaka had a huge painted banner -- it looked like something a five-year-old did -- but at the bottom it said '#LewisNation -- We Believe.' "We started using it and Twitter was soon blown up with #LewisNation. The initial idea was to unite crew members in North America but when I go on Twitter and Facebook I see people from India, the Philippines, the UK and Germany. "It's a global base and we are trying to make it bigger. Right now, we use #LewisNation to meet up at races but we've started work on a website." Hamilton's mass appeal is not just because he's an F1 driver and now a double world champion. He has something the other 17 drivers simply don't have -- a narrative to rival a bestselling novel, a blockbuster script. Born in Stevenage, a commuter town 30 miles north of London, he broke boundaries when he debuted in 2007 as F1's first black driver. He revealed on his website when his career began he "tried to ignore that fact" but has now "really started to appreciate the implications." Hamilton's mixed heritage -- his mother is white British and his father's family have roots in the Caribbean -- and a rags-to-riches success story have both helped him connect with a wider fanbase. "There's a crossover that appeals to many, many backgrounds," said Thomas. "He's diverse, but not just [in] race but in his social likings too. "He hangs out with top celebrities like Jay-Z and Kanye West. This hip-hop style and the fact that he spends a lot of time in the U.S. make him one of the few drivers who actually appeals to Americans." Roope agreed: "Lewis is a bit different. He invites a whole new set of people into F1, people who might be put off by the rich, white, middle-classness of it all." Hamilton has also always worn his heart on his sleeve against a backdrop of fierce racing rivalry -- usually with his teammates --- and an on-off romance with Scherzinger. There have been some mesmerizing moments on track, and some famous meltdowns off it. Perhaps most remembered was his outburst at the 2011 Monaco Grand Prix. Hamilton had been penalized by race stewards after finishing sixth and exclaimed to the media: "It's an absolute frickin' joke. Maybe it's because I'm black. That's what Ali G says." Many of Hamilton's fans -- though not all -- warm to these moments of human frailty as much as his derring-do on the racetrack, and draw inspiration from both. Melissa races go karts in Brazil and, although she credits her husband Alex for his practical support, she also takes heart from Hamilton. "Lewis is a fighter, he faced many prejudices and difficult days but he never gave up on his dream; he teaches us that," Melissa explained. "In addition to his talent as a wonderful driver, he has a big heart, a great willpower. "Many friends are astonished to see me kart racing because I dispute championships with many men, and women on the track are in the minority. "I win often but women suffer some kind of prejudice. I do not really care, I care to always do my best and be inspired by the best drivers." Melissa has met Hamilton at many Brazilian Grands Prix. "All my meetings with Lewis are fantastic and happy. He is a charismatic and kind person. He really loves his fans." Thomas, like Melissa, has met Hamilton "tonnes of times" in and around grand prix weekends. "He seems like a down to earth guy," Thomas revealed. "He's not one of those guys who signs an autograph and shoves it back to you. He actually talks and spends time with you." Thomas and his fiancée Sanchez are so impressed with the British racer that they graced him with a special honor. "The first person we invited verbally to our wedding was Lewis," Thomas explained. "We met him in the pit lane at the U.S. Grand Prix last year, he hung out with us, took selfies and we alluded to the fact that we were getting married and said 'hey you're the first invite.' "We are trying to set a date around the summer break. We can't set the date on a race weekend!" Being a global personality offers the ability to change people's lives even in a small way but for Hamilton, the relationship he has with his fans appears to be mutualistic. "Lewis is genuinely indebted to his fans," said Roope. "He always sees his fans as the core of his powerbase." When he drives out of the garage in Australia, the world champion may be racing to end the season as No.1 but he also carries the hearts and hopes of millions. Does Lewis Hamilton have what it takes to transcend the track and become a global sporting superstar? Find out in Part II published on Thursday. | Lewis Hamilton lines up for Australian Grand Prix as most recognized driver in Formula One . The Mercedes world champion has more than 2 million Facebook fans and 2.6 million on Twitter . Hamilton is chasing a third world title in 2015 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manor have been summoned to the stewards to explain why they missed qualifying for the season-opening Australian Grand Prix. Despite strenuous efforts this week, Manor failed to make it out on track at Melbourne's Albert Park at any stage over the course of the past two days. It resulted in drivers Will Stevens and Roberto Merhi, along with the team's mechanics, looking on from the garage as qualifying unfolded. Will Stevens watches on from the garage after Manor failed to make it out on to the track for qualifying . Mechanics from Manor work on their car in the garage ahead of today's qualifying session . Sporting director Graeme Lowdon confirmed the team had made enormous strides since encountering numerous issues on Friday, but ultimately had to concede defeat in their bid to take part. The South Yorkshire-based marque only emerged from administration three weeks ago after being saved by energy entrepreneur Stephen Fitzpatrick. Prior to that Manor were on the brink of selling their assets via an auction, resulting in them being forced to wipe all the hard drives of their computers, so losing valuable data to aid their return. Attempting to rebuild their systems from the ground up has proven time consuming and difficult, and in the end too big a hurdle to overcome, leaving them now to focus on the next race in Malaysia. Lewis Hamilton will start tomorrow's race from pole after qualifying at the front of the pack . The FIA, however, appear far from impressed as a team representative has met with the race stewards, providing 'a written statement explaining why the team did not participate in qualifying... after receiving a letter from the FIA on the 20th February'. No details have yet emerged as to the contents of the letter referred to by the FIA, or whether the team face any potential sanction. Team principal John Booth, explaining Manor's position prior to the request from the stewards, said: 'We always expected things to be this difficult. We knew there was only a slim chance of making qualifying when we set off. 'These modern Formula One cars are incredibly complex things, and we have had three weeks to design and build the car in accordance with the 2015 regulations. 'We've had no time to fix the racks and electronics, and get all the infrastructure built that was required.' | Manor have failed to make it out on track at Melbourne over the weekend . Will Stevens and team-mate Roberto Merhi left to watch on from garage . Stewards want team to explain why they did not take part . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Creative subjects are being squeezed out of schools due to the government's new league table measure. Headteachers are pushing pupils to take more GCSEs in English Baccalaureate subjects, according to experts. From next year, the government's Progress 8 league table measure will replace the five A* to C benchmark. Failure to meet the target could leave schools at risk of takeover or even closure. Experts say pupils are being pushed into more GCSEs in the so-called English Baccalaureate subjects (file picture) Students' performance will be tracked in eight subjects split into three groups: English and maths, which will be given double weighting; three EBac subjects (sciences, computer science, geography, history and languages) and three optional subjects. But the Design and Technology Association (DATA) has warned that schools are urging students to take further EBac subjects as 'optional subjects', leaving them less time to pursue creative interests. DATA chief executive, Richard Green, told the Times Educational Supplement: 'If a student is doing history then (schools) are advising them to take geography as well, and the same with sciences and languages. 'That then uses up the option categories, so you have all the other subjects competing for just one slot.' The National Society for Education in Art and Design said it was also aware of creative subjects being affected. Students' performance will be tracked in eight subjects split into three groups (file picture) | Pupils pushed to take more GCSEs in English Baccalaureate subjects . Government's Progress 8 league table will replace five A* to C benchmark . Pupil performance will be tracked in eight subjects split into groups . Experts say students will have less time to pursue creative subjects . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Misfiring Manchester United striker Radamel Falcao might be struggling to win over English fans with his modest scoring return of just four goals from 19 games, but he will be pleased to know his popularity hasn't diminished too much abroad. Training with his Colombia team-mates in Barhain ahead of the South American country's mini-Asian tour, Falcao was warmly embraced by one supporter who ran on the pitch to reach him. The young fan, wearing one of United's replica away kits managed to get a selfie with Falcao and the striker's signature on the front of his shirt before being escorted away by security staff. Colombia play Bahrain on Thursday before facing Kuwait four days later. A young Manchester United supporter rushes on to the field to meet striker Radamel Falcao . Falcao duly obliges with a hug while training on international duty with his Colombia team-mates . Falcao signs the youngster's replica United shirt as security staff come over to escort him away . Security take the boy away from the Colombia squad, but he will no doubt be happy with his actions . The hug will no doubt come as a lift for Falcao who is under huge pressure to improve his poor club form. Previously viewed as one of the game's top marksmen while at Porto, Atletico Madrid and Monaco, the Colombian has failed to reach those same heights since agreeing to a big-money loan deal at Old Trafford. United manager Louis van Gaal has been so unimpressed with Falcao's performances that the striker has even been made to spend time training with the club's Under-21s team. Falcao has struggled to replicate the sort of form he showed while at Porto, Atletico Madrid and Monaco . Manchester United boss Louis van Gaal at one point demoted Falcao to the club's Under 21s team . | Radamel Falcao was hugged by a young supporter and posed for a selfie while training with his Colombia team-mates in Bahrain . Colombia face Bahrain on Thursday as part of their mini-Asian tour . Falcao has struggled in front of goal for Manchester United this season . He has failed to reproduce the form he showed at his previous clubs . READ: Falcao will be offered to Liverpool on loan this summer . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | As a public display of dissension in the ranks, it couldn't have been clearer. Foreign Minister Julie Bishop shook her head, rolled her eyes and finished off with a face palm as Treasurer Joe Hockey gave a bellicose defence of the late Malcolm Fraser's 'great initiative', the Expenditure Review Committee, otherwise known as the expenditure razor gang. He homed in on the former prime minister's initiative of the ERC, much to the disgust of his front-bench colleague and the mirth of others, including Education Minister Christopher Pyne. 'And of course he was the great initiator of, and we will be forever thankful, the expenditure review committee and that committee has endured much to the chagrin of my colleagues and it is one of his many last legacies,' Mr Hockey announced. But there was no hiding the Foreign Minister's disbelief. Scroll down for video . Can't quite believe what she is hearing. Foreign Minister Julie Bishop puts her head in her hand as Joe Hockey trumpets Malcolm Fraser's razor gang initiative during a speech in parliament on Monday . Julie Bishop rolled the eyes, puffed the cheeks, threw her head back and then shook her head ... she then muttered something before putting her head in her hand, shaking her head once more and raised the eyebrows . Ms Bishop has a look of disbelief on her face as Mr Hockey continues to address Parliament . The Foreign Minister rolls her eyes as Joe Hockey announces 'and of course he (Malcolm Fraser) was the great initiator of, and we will be forever thankful, the expenditure review committee' Julie Bishop (left) and Joe Hockey (standing) are believed to be at loggerheads once more over claims that the Treasurer has proposed cuts to foreign aid in the May budget . In just 13 seconds, Ms Bishop rolled her eyes, puffed out her cheeks, threw her head back and then shook her head. She then muttered a word before putting her head in her hand, shaking her head once more before finally raising her eyebrows. As she recoiled from Mr Hockey's speech, there was a mixed response from Coalition MPs - some laughed, others looked on incredulously - no doubt reacting to further angst in the ranks over proposed budget cuts. The federal Treasurer was praising Mr Fraser for being the 'great initiator' of what is commonly referred to as the government's razor gang. The cabinet committee is in charge of finding budget cuts across the government and has in the past taken a blade to the foreign aid budget. There are reports Ms Bishop is furious at plans by Mr Hockey to announce further cuts to the foreign aid budget in a bid to balance the books. Ms Bishop earlier said she was not aware of any more cuts and would take the matter up with Mr Hockey. 'I believe we have it about right,' she told reporters in Canberra on Monday. There have also been reports of concerns among some in the Liberal Party that cabinet members have been deliberately leaking against Ms Bishop to head off her leadership prospects. There are suggestions there will be a small cut to foreign aid in the May budget on top of the $140 million allotted to "InnovationXchange", a new project focusing on how Australia provides funds to disadvantaged countries, announced by the Foreign Minister. Treasurer Joe Hockey is set for a showdown with Foreign Minister Julie Bishop over proposed cuts to foreign aid in the May Budget . Of the late Malcolm Fraser, pictured in 1977 on the White House lawns, Joe Hockey stated: 'He was the great initiator of the expenditure review committee and that committee has endured much to the chagrin of my colleagues and it is one of his many last legacies' The foreign minister said she was not aware of any more budget cuts to foreign aid and would take the matter up with Mr Hockey. Ms Bishop said while the government's razor gang had not yet considered the $4 billion aid budget, she did not believe there was room for more savings. 'I believe we have it about right,' she told reporters in Canberra. Ms Bishop challenged opposition MPs to 'look into their hearts' and support the $5 billion in other budget cuts Labor had proposed in government but were now resisting. | More dissension in Liberal Party ranks as Julie Bishop reacts with disbelief over Joe Hockey's lauding of Malcolm Fraser's razor gang initiative . The Foreign Minister can be clearly seen rolling her eyes, raising her eyebrows and shaking her head during Mr Hockey's speech . The Treasurer used his time on the floor to honour the late PM claiming 'he was the great initiator of the expenditure review committee' There are reports of another rift in the Coalition ranks with apparent plans to cut foreign aid in the May budget . |
What is Dragon Ball Z? | Dragon Ball Z is a Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation. Part of the Dragon Ball media franchise, it is the sequel to the 1986 Dragon Ball anime series and adapts the latter 325 chapters of the original Dragon Ball manga series created by Akira Toriyama. The series aired in Japan on Fuji TV from April 1989 to January 1996 and was later dubbed for broadcast in at least 81 countries worldwide.
Dragon Ball Z continues the adventures of Goku in his adult life as he and his companions defend the Earth against villains including aliens (Vegeta, Frieza), androids (Cell), and magical creatures (Majin Buu). At the same time, the story parallels the life of his son, Gohan, as well as the development of his rivals, Piccolo and Vegeta. | Dragon Ball Z is a manga and an anime about an alien man who comes to Earth named Goku. It picks up the show from its prequel Dragon Ball and is analogous to Superman. Goku is a Saiyan, a race of fighting aliens, and as an adult, he and his friends, the Z fighters, defend the Earth from other Saiyans such as Raditz and Vegeta, alien overlords such as Frieza, androids such as Cell, and magical creatures such as Majin Buu. |
What are the Australian men's and women's soccer teams called? | Soccer, also known as football, is the most played outdoor club sport in Australia, and ranked in the top ten for television audience as of 2015. The national governing body of the sport is Football Australia (FA), which until 2019, organised the A-League Men, A-League Women, and still organises the Australia Cup, as well as the men's and women's national teams (known as the Socceroos and the Matildas, respectively). The FA comprises nine state and territory member federations, which oversee the sport within their respective region. | The men's national team is called the Socceroos and the women's national team is called the Matildas. |
Based on this passage, how many miles did Gorbachev walk each week for his round trip commute to school? | The village school was closed during much of the war but re-opened in autumn 1944. Gorbachev did not want to return but when he did he excelled academically. He read voraciously, moving from the Western novels of Thomas Mayne Reid to the works of Vissarion Belinsky, Alexander Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol, and Mikhail Lermontov. In 1946, he joined the Komsomol, the Soviet political youth organization, becoming leader of his local group and then being elected to the Komsomol committee for the district. From primary school he moved to the high school in Molotovskoye; he stayed there during the week while walking the 19 km (12 mi) home during weekends. As well as being a member of the school's drama society, he organized sporting and social activities and led the school's morning exercise class. Over the course of five consecutive summers from 1946 onward he returned home to assist his father in operating a combine harvester, during which they sometimes worked 20-hour days. In 1948, they harvested over 8,000 centners of grain, a feat for which Sergey was awarded the Order of Lenin and his son the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. | According to this passage, Gorbachev's round trip walking commute to school was 24 miles per week. He walked 12 miles each way and travelled to and from school only once per week. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Richard Kilty tiptoes to the front door of his old home, careful not to muddy his new trainers. It is semi-derelict and the windows are boarded up, soon to be demolished as this notoriously tough Stockton-on-Tees council estate is redeveloped. A man repairing a garage roof warns our photographer to conceal his camera but there is barely a soul about. 'It still gets eventful on the evenings,' says Kilty, pointing out a black gate blocking an alleyway entrance, installed at the behest of police officers tired of suspects they were chasing disappearing into nooks and crannies. Sprinter Richard Kilty poses on the deprived estate where he grew up in Stockton-on-Tees . Kilty waves on the podium after receiving his 60m gold medal at the European Indoor Championships . The 25-year-old, who briefly retired from athletics in 2012, works out at Deny's Gym in Stockton-on-Tees . Kilty no longer lives on the estate after experiencing success on the world stage over the last 18 months . Age: 25 . From: Stockton-on-Tees . Events: 60m, 100m, 200m . Golds: 60m - 2014 World Indoor Championships, 4x100m relay - 2014 Europeans, 60m - 2015 European Indoor Championships . Nickname: Teesside Tornado . 'It was usually just kids' stuff,' he says, but delve a little deeper and you realise how remarkable his rise has been from the deprivation of the Victoria estate to one of Britain's fastest men. A block of flats on the edge of the estate was a 'no-go zone' says Kilty, recalling mother Melanie asking him to rescue his younger brother Jack. 'I found him in a room with about 30 heroin addicts. They weren't physically intimidating, they only weighed about six stone but you didn't know if one of them was going to pull a knife on you.' In the moments before the 60metres final at the European Indoor Championships in Prague last month, Kilty glanced around the call room at his competition and his mind flickered back to life on the estate. 'I recognised the look of fear in their eyes, I've seen people in much more dangerous situations on the estate and they looked less scared than some of these athletes. 'On the evenings after I'd got home from school there'd always be fights. People would get stabbed or hit with hammers. We'd hang around in little gangs, that was just something you had to be part of. Kilty gets away from Pascal Mancini (left) and Christian Blum to win gold in Prague earlier this month . Kilty poses outside his local gym in Stockton-on-Tees after returning to the area where he grew up . Kilty shows off his 60m gold medal at the World Indoor Championships in Poland in March last year . 'All of us have gone down different paths, my friend David drowned in a river, another friend just got out of prison for aggravated burglary with a gun. I've managed to run my way out of poverty so why should I be scared standing on a start line for a race?' A year to the day after winning the World Indoor Championships in Poland Kilty, 25, won his second international title. The circumstances were very different. He was favourite, whereas 12 months earlier bookmakers had made him a 33-1 outsider with Jamaican Nesta Carter in the field. Six-and-a-half seconds and 33 strides later his life had changed. 'I went there with £17 in my bank account and by the time the plane landed back in the UK I had six figures — £40,000 from winning the race, a British Athletics bonus and a four-year contract with Nike. 'I can remember sometimes not having much money for food and clothes. When I eventually do have kids I want them to live a comfortable life not like I did. I feel I'm doing a good job of that, a couple more years like this and I'll be OK.' He knows all too well what it's like to have it all snatched away. 'I've been homeless twice,' he says. 'The first time I was five and a half and we were put in a hostel up the road, six of us sharing a room in the same building with prostitutes, asylum-seekers and drug addicts. Looking back it was crazy and dangerous but it just seemed like a bit of an adventure at the time. Kilty was made homeless twice and lived in a hostel with prostitutes, asylum seekers and drug addicts . Kilty poses with Adam Gemili, Harry Aikines-Aryeetey and James Ellington (L-R) after winning the 4x100m final at the European Championships in Zurich last year . Kilty holds his head as he discusses his childhood and rise to becoming one of Britain's fastest men . 'We moved to the estate after that, my parents owned a pub and made good money for a time but my mum was an alcoholic and addicted to amphetamines. Somehow they lost all their money and we ended up with nothing. 'When I was 14 we were back in the hostel and I had come to my senses. I realised how dangerous it was, luckily my dad was strong and could protect us. I was living there when I won the English Schools title.' Kilty represented Great Britain through the junior age groups but struggled to make the leap to the senior team. Linford Christie took him under his wing before London 2012 but Kilty missed out on selection for the London Olympics despite achieving the qualifying standard for the 200m. 'I had no option but to return home to live with my mam on the estate,' he says. 'One night someone was hit with a baseball bat and nearly killed. I got arrested and was later cleared, I was 150m away when it happened but the damage had been done, my face was plastered all over the news-papers. The week after I was arrested for an alleged kidnap which again was nothing to do with me and I was cleared. But I should never have been in that environment. 'I retired from athletics and was about to join the Marines but one day I was walking by the river and I suddenly decided I couldn't let my talent go to waste. I didn't want to become a failed product of the estate so I decided to give it one last roll of the dice.' Kilty celebrates after surprising the field - and the bookmakers - to win gold in Poland in March last year . Kilt beats Christian Blum (right) to the line to win the 60m European Indoor title earlier this month . Kilty believes his success on track has helped bring his family closer together after problems in the past . Kilty's five-year-old niece, Olivia, hair tied neatly in bunches, arrives to watch her uncle have his picture taken. She is the daughter of his half-sister and still lives on the estate. They are a close family now but it was not always the case. His father Kevin, who has 12 children, was granted full custody of Kilty and his three full siblings after social services became involved. 'One side of the family was at war with the other,' he says. 'It was dysfunctional growing up but everything is good and happy at the moment. I think my success has brought the family together.' Kilty is being coached by Christie again as his focus has switched to making the British team for August's World Championships in Beijing. Vehemently anti-drugs, Kilty believes his coach's protestations that his positive drugs test for nandrolone in 1999 was erroneous. 'He'd been retired three years at that point,' he says, 'I don't believe he took drugs. I'm a clean athlete and I wouldn't train with him if I believed he was a drug abuser. 'But there definitely is a doping crisis at the moment. Justin Gatlin (current 100m world leader) is running faster at 34 — supposedly off drugs — than he was on drugs.' 'I line up against a drugs cheat in virtually every race — Gatlin, Tyson Gay, Dwain Chambers, Asafa Powell. It's annoying knowing convicted dopers are out there when you've worked so hard to get where you are.' | Richard Kilty won 60m gold at the European Indoor Championships . The sprinter grew up on a deprived estate in Stockton-on-Tees . One of Kilty's friends drowned and another was sent to prison for burglary . He had just £17 in his bank account when he won his first indoor gold . Kilty briefly retired from athletics after failing to make the 2012 Olympics . He is now targeting the World Championships with coach Linford Christie . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The attorney representing the University of Oklahoma's disgraced fraternity Sigma Alpha Epsilon has said he believes the members - including those who chanted racial slurs - deserve a second chance. Stephen Jones, who represented Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh, spoke at a press conference on Friday as he said he is seeking a 'non-legal' resolution with the university. Its president, David Boren, expelled the two students filmed leading the racist chant last weekend - but Jones said that Boren himself recently said that everyone deserves a second chance. 'We certainly think that's true for the members of the SAE house,' Jones continued. 'And perhaps even for the members who were involved in this unfortunate confrontation with the university and the basic values of SAE.' Scroll down for video . Stephen Jones, the attorney for the local chapter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon, said in a press conference on Friday that the students filmed making racist chants were just a small number of people at the event . Jones is representing students and alumni from the fraternity. He is not representing the two students, Parker Rice and Levi Pettit. He said that he hopes to reach a 'non-legal' resolution with the university, which he indicated acted hastily when it closed down the frat house on Monday. He added that he also wants to ensure the students - some of whom have received death threats - are granted their right to due process. 'I'm not ruling out a lawsuit,' he said. 'I'm saying that our preference is proceeding in a non legal solution... If that is not possible, then obviously we will have to consider other possibilities.' Jones also pointed out that hundreds of students and fraternity members had attended the event where the footage was filmed, and that the 'inexcusable' chant was the action of just a handful. 'We're talking about one incident with nine seconds of video on one of five buses,' he said. Ringleader: Parker Rice, a University of Oklahoma freshman from Dallas, has been identified as the conductor leading the 'there will never be a n***** in SEA' chant on Saturday. He has since been expelled . Outed: Levi Pettit was identified by his family on Tuesday night. They apologized for his 'disgusting' behavior. Right, Pettit - an accomplished golfer at his former school Highland Park - is pictured putting in a 2013 photo . Also on Friday, a spokesman for the fraternity's national headquarters revealed that officials with the Oklahoma chapter have stopped communicating with them. 'We have not heard from the Oklahoma chapter,' spokesman Brandon Weghorst said. 'They have not engaged us since the time the chapter was closed.' Weghorst said the national fraternity is moving forward with plans to expel all of the suspended members of the OU chapter, a move that will permanently revoke their membership. The frat house was shut down after a nine-second video recorded last weekend emerged showing members singing a song using racial slurs and referencing lynching. 'There will never be a n***** SAE' they were heard singing aboard a bus. The fraternity was closed immediately and all students and staff were ordered to remove their belongings from the frat house by Monday night. One of the alleged ringleaders, Parker Rice, said earlier this week that he has left the University of Oklahoma and is 'deeply sorry' for what he did. Lawsuit? The university's president, David Boren, pictured on Tuesday, ordered the chapter to close down . High profile: Jones is pictured in 1996 with Oklahoma City bomber, Timothy McVeigh, whom he represented . 'For me, this is a devastating lesson and I am seeking guidance on how I can learn from this and make sure it never happens again,' he said in a statement. 'My goal for the long-term is to be a man who has the heart and the courage to reject racism wherever I see or experience it in the future.' Brody and Susan Pettit, the parents of Levi Pettit, also apologized to the 'entire African American community' for their son's 'disgusting' actions. But the family added that they had raised him to be 'inclusive,' saying: 'We know his heart, and he is not a racist.' An investigation into the involvement of other members is still underway. Investigations into racism at Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity chapters have now extended to college campuses in Louisiana and Texas, the organization said Thursday. It came after its national office received word that members in those places knew the racist chant caught on video in Oklahoma. Shut down: Workers can be seen removing the letters from the SAE house on Monday after it was shut down . Moving out: Two men can be seen laughing as they remove furniture from the house on Monday . Spokesman Brandon Weghorst said the chapter at the University of Texas at Austin was being 'fully cooperative' and that a probe at Louisiana Tech in Ruston was in its early stages. He said no new allegations had been substantiated. 'We had no idea of this type of behavior was going on underground,' Weghorst said Thursday. 'This is the type of stuff (the chant), it goes underground and it goes under the radar. 'It's dangerous because — if we don't know about it, we can't stop it.' The president of the university's SAE had previously issued a statement denying that his chapter had ever performed a similar chant. Luke Cone said he could 'speak on the behalf of my fraternity brothers that we are all profoundly distressed' about the language in the video. The SAE chapter at Louisiana Tech did not immediately respond to an email seeking comment Thursday, but a university spokesman said it has been unable to substantiate an allegation that a former member participated in the chant in 2010. 'Once we learned that, we immediately got with the current chapter president and the leadership of that chapter to ensure this activity wasn't taking place here at Louisiana Tech,' said spokesman Dave Guerin. Anger: Protesters hold up signs outside the Rice family home in Dallas, Texas on Wednesday . 'They assured us that it wasn't. We can't really attest to back in 2010.' Some members of some of the largest SAE chapters in the country on Thursday denied any knowledge of the racist chant. 'In my four years, I never have seen anything or heard anything like that in my individual chapter,' said Will Sneed, past president of the SAE chapter at the University of Arkansas. Meanwhile, the University of Oklahoma football team expressed its outrage Thursday in a statement calling for fraternity leaders to be 'expelled, suspended or otherwise disciplined severely'. 'As a team, we have come to a consensus that, in any organization, the leadership is responsible for the culture created, and in this case, encouraged. ... Allowing this culture to thrive goes against everything it means to be a Sooner,' the players said. | Stephen Jones, who represented the Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh, is now representing Sigma Alpha Epsilon at OU . Speaking at a press conference on Friday, he said he is concerned for the safety of the students as some have received death threats . He says they are seeking a 'non-legal solution' with the university but that if that fails, they would not rule out bringing a lawsuit . University President David Boren expelled two students who were filmed leading a racist chant aboard a bus and shuttered their frat house . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | New Zealand captain Brendon McCullum hopes Sunday's Cricket World Cup final in Melbourne will be a 'big fairytale finish' to the international career of Daniel Vettori. Vettori has announced Sunday's match against either Australia or India will be the last of his international career. He will retire as New Zealand's most-capped Test player - with 113 matches - and one-day internationals - Sunday's match will be his 291st for New Zealand and he needs three more dismissals Sunday to finish with 300 ODI wickets. Brendon McCullum (left) celebrates with Daniel Vettori after New Zealand reached the World Cup final . Vettori made his debut aged 18 in 1997 and, now 36, has spent half his life in the New Zealand team. While he says retirement 'is not what I'm thinking about', his teammates want to help him end his career with a win. 'He's been an outstanding contributor for us,' McCullum said. 'He's played for New Zealand for half his life. '(A win) would be a great way to potentially send him off.' Vettori is still a key member of the New Zealand team and has demonstrated his value throughout the World Cup with a series of frugal bowling performances and cameo innings'. He was at the crease on 7 not out when Grant Elliott hit the winning runs in Tuesday's semi-final against South Africa. Vettori was at the crease with Grant Elliott (right) as he hit the winning runs against South Africa . Vettori ahead of his Test debut in Wellington as a 17-year-old way back in 1997 . 'I guess it was potentially his last game on home soil and for him to be out there at the end and be as instrumental and as calm as he was under pressure, it was superb,' McCullum said. 'He was struggling a bit with his back, too. He's played a lot of his career with bumps and bruises and niggles and strains. He's a tough customer and he's been an amazing servant.' But Vettori doesn't want his swansong to distract New Zealand from its aim of winning the World Cup for the first time. 'It's not what I'm thinking about,' he said. 'It's just about having some fun and enjoying the game and enjoying the build-up to a World Cup final,' he said. 'No-one else in New Zealand cricket history has been able to experience that before so it's pretty exciting to experience a grand final week. 'The chance to play a World Cup final regardless of where you are in your career is something everyone dreams about.' | Daniel Vettori to play final international v Australia in World Cup final . Vettori made his Test debut as a 17-year-old in 1997 . New Zealand captain Brendon McCullum wants a fitting finale . READ: Australia beat India by 95 runs to set up final with New Zealand . CLICK HERE for all the latest Cricket World Cup news ahead of the final . |
What are some of the facts about the festival of San Fermín that could explain it to someone that doesn't know about it based on this text. | The festival of San Fermín is a weeklong, historically rooted celebration held annually in the city of Pamplona, Navarre, in northern Spain. The celebrations start at noon on July 6 and continue until midnight on July 14. A firework starts off the celebrations and the popular song Pobre de mí is sung at the end. The most famous event is the running of the bulls, which begins at 8 in the morning from July 7 to 14, but the festival involves many other traditional and folkloric events. It is known locally as Sanfermines and is held in honour of Saint Fermin, the co-patron of Navarre.
Its events were central to the plot of The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway, which brought it to the general attention of the English-speaking world. It has become probably the most internationally renowned festival in Spain with over a million people coming to participate. | The festival has celebrations that last an entire week, made up of several festivities, from fireworks and a traditional closing song to the famous running of the bulls. It became world-renowned due to its feature on the novel The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Five offers have been made for an interest in either Birmingham or parent company Birmingham International Holdings Limited, receivers have confirmed. Ernst & Young, who are in effective control of BIHL, are assessing the bids in relation to the Sky Bet Championship club or its parent company. A statement to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange read: 'The receivers are currently exploring all strategic options, including a number of offers from parties expressing an interest in the company and/or Birmingham City Plc.' Birmingham are the subject of five offers from parties expressing an interest . Gary Rowett has overseen Birmingham reaching 15th in the Championship this season . Birmingham have assured the Football League they are not in any financial danger . 'Up to 30 March 2015 the receivers have received five indicative non-binding offers from independent third parties in relation to possible acquisition of an interest in the company and/or Birmingham City Plc. 'As at the date of this announcement, no formal agreement in relation to the Indicative non-binding offers has been entered into and the Indicative non-binding offers may or may not proceed and/or lead to any transaction in relation to the disposal of any part of the group's interests.' Ernst & Young were asked to take control of BIHL in February to help stop the infighting between the board and this month started investigating the affairs of the company. Employees Stephen Lui and David Yen Ching Wai were appointed chairman and chief executive respectively. Carson Yeung (centre), the former Birmingham owner, is currently serving six years in prison . Birmingham will be back in action in the Championship on Friday when they play Rotherham . Peter Pannu, Birmingham's former acting chairman, was removed from the BIHL board along with Chan Shun Wah and seven other directors resigned. Carson Yeung, Blues' former owner who bought the club in 2009, is currently serving six years in prison for money laundering. The Football League have received assurances the club are in no financial danger and Birmingham are 15th in the Sky Bet Championship under Gary Rowett, ahead of Friday's visit of Rotherham. | Ernst & Young assessing bids in relation to the club or its parent company . Birmingham are currently 15th in the Sky Bet Championship . The club have assured the Football League they are in no financial danger . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A sorority at the beleaguered University of Oklahoma has come under fire over its involvement in the racist chant by the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity over the weekend. The Delta Delta Deltas have been identified as the sorority members on a chartered bus when frat brothers started singing 'there will never be a n**** in SAE.' At least one female student can be seen in the video. She appears to raise her cell phone to record the incident. Her date, however, can be seen clapping to the song. It is also believed that female voices can be heard cheering on the racist fraternity brothers. Scroll down for video . Shameful: The now-infamous video appears to have been taken on a charter bus. The screen shot on the right shows a woman who appears to record the incident . Under scrutiny: Delta Delta Delta sorority has released a statement saying that it was 'cooperating fully' with the university’s investigation into the chant video . Expelled: The Sigma Alpha Epsilon has been banned from campus after a video surfaced of members shouting and singing racial slurs . Gone: Facility workers removed the letters from the Sigma Alpha Epsilon house at the University of Oklahoma Monday in Norman, Oklahoma . On Monday the national Tri Delta organization issued a statement saying it was cooperating with the Oklahoma investigation. However, the local Tri Delta chapter has denied reports its members are under investigation for involvement in the horrifying incident. 'The women of the Theta Gamma chapter of Delta Delta Delta fully support the actions taken by the administration of the University of Oklahoma in response to the incident involving Sigma Alpha Epsilon.... However, the Theta Gamma chapter is not under investigation by the university, nor have any chapter members been identified within the videos released,' according to a statement given to the Oklahoma Daily student newspaper. University President David Boren said Monday he was sickened and couldn't eat or sleep after learning about the video Sunday afternoon. The Tri Delta national organization said in a statement: 'We are deeply disappointed by the conduct of the students involved in the incident at The University of Oklahoma. 'Tri Delta expects its members to uphold the highest responsibilities of college women. 'The behavior documented in the video is deplorable and is in no way consistent with Tri Delta's ideals and core values.' The Oklahoma football team decided to protest rather than practice Monday. At the team's indoor practice facility, coach Bob Stoops led the way as players, joined by athletic director Joe Castiglione, walked arm-in-arm, wearing black. Meanwhile, a top high school recruit de-committed from the university after seeing the video. President Boren attended a pre-dawn rally organized by students and lambasted those fraternity members as ‘disgraceful’ and called their behaviour ’reprehensible.’ He said the university was looking into a range of punishment, including expulsion. Enraged: University of Oklahoma President David Boren lambasted members of Sigma Alpha Epsilon, a fraternity who participated in a racist chant caught on video and ordered that they vacate their house by Tuesday night . ‘This is not who we are,’ Boren said at a midday news conference. ‘I'd be glad if they left. I might even pay the bus fare for them.’ National leaders of Sigma Alpha Epsilon said late Sunday that its investigation confirmed members took part in the chant and announced it would close the local chapter. The national group said it was ‘embarrassed’ by the ‘unacceptable and racist’ behavior. Boren said members have until midnight Tuesday to remove their belongings from the fraternity house. He said the fraternity was ‘not totally forthcoming,’ and he was still trying to find out who was on the bus so the school could consider disciplinary actions. He said the university's legal staff was exploring whether the students who initiated and encouraged the chant may have violated Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, which prohibits racial discrimination. ‘We are also going to look at any individual perpetrators, particularly those that we think took a lead in this kind of activity,’ Boren said. White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest said the efforts by the university and the national fraternity to repudiate the racist comments were ‘an appropriate step.’ It's unclear who recorded the video, when it was made and who initially leaked it online. Boren suggested it was likely taken by another student who didn't agree with what was being said about African-Americans. OU Unheard, a black student group on campus, posted a link to the video after someone anonymously called it to the group's attention Sunday afternoon, communications director Alexis Hall said Monday. Leaked: OU Unheard, a black student group on campus, posted a link to the video after someone anonymously called it to the group's attention . United they stand: The University of Oklahoma Sooners football team and coaches line up wearing all black in the Everest Training Center in protest of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity . Writing on the wall: Graffiti proclaiming 'Tear it down' is painted on the side of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon house at the University of Oklahoma Monday . ‘We immediately needed to share that with the OU student body,’ said Hall, a junior. ‘For students to say they're going to lynch an entire group of people. ... It's disgusting.’ The video appears to have been taken on a charter bus, with at least one of the chanting young men wearing a tuxedo. North Mesquite High School football star Jean Delance, a top offensive lineman prospect, told KTVT television and KRLD-AM in Dallas-Fort Worth that he would not attend Oklahoma. He said he spoke Sunday night with coach Bob Stoops, but wasn't told about the incident. ‘I'm very disappointed in the coaches not letting me know. “Hey jean, this is going on. Be aware. I don't want you to be shocked tomorrow when you wake up,"’ Delance told KRLD. ‘But that was just heart-breaking right there.’ A university police cruiser was parked Monday outside the fraternity house, a sprawling two-story, sand-colored brick building on a street lined with Greek houses just west of the center of campus. The Greek letters were removed from the side of the house Monday afternoon. Boren said fraternity members had ‘violated all that we stand for.’ ‘Effective immediately, all ties and affiliations between this University and the local SAE chapter are hereby severed,’ he said in a statement. | Delta Delta Delta released a statement saying that it was 'cooperating fully' with the university’s investigation into the chant video . At least one woman can be seen in the video of the vile chant, 'There will never be a n***** in SAE . University President David Boren expelled Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity from campus . Tri Delta chapter at University of Oklahoma says it is not under investigation and no members of its sorority have been identified in the video . Do you know any of the students seen in the University of Oklahoma fraternity video? Contact Daily Mail Online at 646-885-5130. |
From the passage provided, extract the different bordering regions to Southeast Asia | Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and north-west of mainland Australia which is part of Oceania. Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia and the Indian Ocean. Apart from the British Indian Ocean Territory and two out of 26 atolls of Maldives in South Asia, Maritime Southeast Asia is the only other subregion of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere. Mainland Southeast Asia is completely in the Northern Hemisphere. Timor-Leste and the southern portion of Indonesia are the only parts in Southeast Asia that are south of the Equator. | Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia and the Indian Ocean. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Teenager Ash Handley scored on his home debut as Leeds moved to within two points of Super League leaders St Helens with a hard-fought 26-14 win over Wigan in front of a bumper 18,350 crowd at Headingley. Handley, drafted in for only his second senior appearance as a replacement for shoulder injury victim Tom Briscoe, was among five different try scorers as the Rhinos overcame the absence of skipper Kevin Sinfield to condemn Wigan to a third defeat in six matches. Liam Sutcliffe proved an able deputy for the injured Sinfield, scoring a try and kicking three goals, but Leeds' hero was Australian prop Adam Cuthbertson, who also scored a try and proved a real handful for the visitors with his powerful running and skilful ball handling. Teenager Ash Handley scored the second try for Leeds Rhinos on Friday night . Leeds, who handed a recall to full-back Zak Hardaker pending the outcome of a disciplinary investigation, were good value for their fifth win of the campaign but could never relax against their injury-hit opponents. The home side made the brighter start without finding the finishing touches and Wigan, captained by Leeds-born hooker Michael McIlorum, opened the scoring from their first real attack, with centre Anthony Gelling breaking clear to get the supporting Matty Smith over after 10 minutes. Smith kicked the conversion and added a penalty six minutes later after Cuthbertson was pulled up for a high tackle on George Williams to make it 8-0 . However, the Warriors made a hash of the restart and never touched the ball for the next eight minutes as Leeds struck a purple patch with three tries. Substitute Brad Singleton went over for the third try for Leeds Rhinos . Cuthbertson, who qualifies for England, got the first, following up a grubber kick on the last tackle by hooker Paul Aiton and was also involved in a sweeping move that was finished at the corner by Handley. The former Newcastle Knights forward then produced a superb short pass to get substitute Brad Singleton over and Sutcliffe kicked his second goal to make it 18-6. Wigan finally managed to stem the tide and struck back four minutes before the break when left winger Joe Burgess caught Williams' kick on the full to dive over for a spectacular try, which was goaled by Smith to cut the gap to just two points. Defences got on top in the second half, with Wigan having to do most of the work as the Rhinos gained the momentum. Referee Richard Silverwood gave the visitors a team warning after they conceded a string of penalties and the pressure told on the hour when Sutcliffe stretched out of a two-man tackle to score his side's third try. Sutcliffe was off target with the conversion attempt but succeeded with a penalty five minutes later after he was tackled by Wigan's Liam Farrell from an offside position. Farrell was sin-binned for the offence and the Rhinos made the most of their man advantage when substitute Rob Burrow forced his way over from dummy half with 11 minutes to go. | Teenager Ash Handley scored on his home debut on Friday night . Leeds moved to within two points of Super League leaders St Helens . |
What is the main benefit of the fianchetto in chess openings? | In chess, the fianchetto (English: /ˌfiənˈkɛtoʊ/ or /ˌfiənˈtʃɛtoʊ/; Italian: [fjaŋˈketto] "little flank") is a pattern of development wherein a bishop is developed to the second rank of the adjacent b- or g-file, the knight pawn having been moved one or two squares forward.
The fianchetto is a staple of many "hypermodern" openings, whose philosophy is to delay direct occupation of the centre with the plan of undermining and destroying the opponent's occupied centre. It also regularly occurs in Indian defences. The fianchetto is less common in Open Games (1.e4 e5), but the king bishop is sometimes fianchettoed by Black in the Ruy Lopez or by White in an uncommon variation of the Vienna Game.
One of the major benefits of the fianchetto is that it often allows the fianchettoed bishop to become more active. A fianchettoed position, however, also presents some opportunities for the opponent: if the fianchettoed bishop can be exchanged, the squares the bishop was formerly protecting will become weak (see hole) and can form the basis of an attack (particularly if the fianchetto was performed on the kingside). Exchanging the fianchettoed bishop should not be done lightly, therefore, especially if the enemy bishop on same-coloured squares is still on the board. | The fianchetto follows the "hypermodern" opening philosophy. It lets a bishop become more active from the flanks, attacking the center of the board without directly occupying it. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Taulupe Faletau believes winning the RBS 6 Nations title this year would top Wales' comeback triumph of 2013. Two years ago Wales became the first team to win the championship after losing their first game and history could repeat itself should Warren Gatland's side overcome Grand Slam-chasing Ireland at the Millennium Stadium on Saturday. Wales lost their first game of the 2015 championship to England in Cardiff but back-to-back wins in Scotland and France have put them back into title contention. Taulupe Faletau takes on the French defence during his side's victory in Paris in round three . '2013 was great and the win against England at the end was probably the most satisfying I've had,' said British and Irish Lions number eight Faletau. 'To lose the first game in 2013 [to Ireland] and to have people on your backs and knocking you down... then to come back from that as a team was great. 'When the final whistle went against England it was amazing, but if we could replicate that it would probably be even better. 'Just doing it again I think would make it better.' Wales' title hopes seemed a distant dream when England recovered from a first-half deficit in the tournament opener to run out 21-16 winners. But successive wins on the road in Edinburgh and Paris have lifted Welsh spirits before confronting impressive Irish opponents who have already recorded victories over Italy, France and England. Faletau brings down France prop Uini Atonio as Warren Gatland's side triumphed at the Stade de France . 'The boys put a good shift in and we got the result we wanted in Paris,' Faletau said of last weekend's Stade de France success. 'It was a good day at the office for the pack and the platform we had at the scrum, especially for me, was noticeable. 'It's what we want going forward and the longer we spend together the more we seem to get better. 'Hopefully we can build on last weekend and keep our tournament alive.' Faletau seems set to lock horns again with his old Lions team-mate Jamie Heaslip as the Ireland number eight is on course to make a dramatic return from injury. Heaslip cracked three vertebrae when he was kneed in the back by France lock Pascal Pape in Dublin last month, but Faletau believes Ireland will do everything in their power to have the Leinster man available at the Millennium Stadium. Faletau seems set to lock horns again with his old Lions team-mate Jamie Heaslip in Cardiff on Saturday . 'He's a great guy and a great player who's made a name for himself for many years now,' Faletau said. 'He's an important player for Ireland and one of their leaders, so if we stop his game maybe it will slow the rest down. 'But there's another 14 players you've got to stop as well and Ireland are definitely favourites. 'They had a really good autumn series beating Australia and South Africa and they're on fire at the moment. 'They having lost for 10 games but we've just got to do our job, do all the work on the training field and hopefully that will translate onto the pitch.' | Taulupe Faletau believes winning the RBS 6 Nations title this year would top Wales' comeback triumph of 2013 . Two years ago Wales became the first team to win the championship after losing their first game . Warren Gatland's side need to overcome Grand Slam-chasing Ireland at the Millennium Stadium on Saturday . |
Based on this paragraph, how many times has Joe Biden run for president and what characteristics make him unique among all past presidents? | Born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Biden moved with his family to Delaware in 1953. He studied at the University of Delaware before earning his law degree from Syracuse University. He was elected to the New Castle County Council in 1970 and became the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history after he was elected in 1972, at age 29. Biden was the chair or ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for 12 years. He chaired the Senate Judiciary Committee from 1987 to 1995; drafted and led the effort to pass the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and the Violence Against Women Act; and oversaw six U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings, including the contentious hearings for Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas. Biden ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988 and 2008. Barack Obama chose Biden as his running mate in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections. Biden was a close counselor to Obama during his two terms as Obama's vice president. Biden and his running mate, Kamala Harris, defeated incumbents Donald Trump and Mike Pence in the 2020 presidential election. On January 20, 2021, he became the oldest president in U.S. history, the first to have a female vice president, and the first from Delaware.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden | Based on this paragraph, Joe Biden has run for president three times, losing in 1988 and 2008 and eventually winning in 2020. As president, he is unique in three ways: the first to have a female vice president, and the first president from the state of Delaware. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The NHS has been forced to ask British doctors in Australia to come home due to a major shortfall in numbers. Around 1,000 more GPs are urgently needed in England, according to new figures released by the House of Commons library. It is thought that nearly 1,500 doctors - who cost the taxpayer up to £610,000 to train - move to Australia every year. To bridge the gap they have been offered a place on a 'fully funded' programme, which they can choose to be either full or part time, if they return. Around 1,000 more GPs are needed in England. An advert has been placed in two medical magazines asking doctors in Australia to come home to bridge the gap (stock picture) An advert was placed in the Australian Doctor and the Medical Observer by NHS England's Shropshire and Staffordshire area team and Health Education Midlands earlier this month. It said: 'This scheme will help you rediscover and enhance the skills you need to return, or start to practise in the UK. 'It's fully funded, so you will be supported whilst you complete the programme.' The NHS has simultaneously announced a £10million strategy to further tempt graduates and experienced medical staff. Under a quarter of trainees chose to go into general practice last year - with just over 5,000 applicants in total. But cash will now be offered if they work in an under-staffed area for three years. Andy Burnham (above), shadow minister for health, said the figures prove the NHS is suffering from a GP recruitment crisis . Andy Burnham, shadow minister for health, said the figures prove the NHS is suffering from a GP recruitment crisis. 'GP services have gone into freefall under this government. David Cameron promised to put GPs at the heart of the NHS, but instead caused a new GP recruitment crisis,' he told the Observer. But GP leaders have said that the advertisements will not solve the staffing crisis. Dr Ken Deacon, medical director of the North Midlands at NHS England, said that the problem was newly qualified GPs being outnumbered by those nearing retirement. The advert promised doctors currently working in Australia (Sydney Opera House above) that the scheme would 'help you rediscover and enhance the skills you need to return' A female-heavy workforce has also been blamed for the gap. The 'feminisation' of surgeries has led to the UK needing more trainees because women are more likely to work shorter hours than men, a report released by the Migration Advisory Committee last week claimed. This has contributed to an annual shortage of 450 to 550 GPs, the committee warned. It suggested that more needed to be done to recruit family doctors - including hiring extra foreign doctors from across the EU. A spokesperson for NHS England said that the central team had not previously been aware of the advertisement, but described it as a ‘positive scheme’. | Advert placed in two magazines promises 'fully funded' scheme on return . Nearly 1,500 doctors move to Australia and New Zealand each year . Around 1,000 more GPs are needed in England, according to new figures . Andy Burnham MP said NHS is experiencing a 'GP recruitment crisis' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | All work and no play is sure to make Prince Harry a dull boy when he solely focuses on his army duties during his trip to Australia next month. In stark contrast to when the fourth in line to the British throne made his way Down Under the previous two times, his trip next month will revolve around training with Australian troops in army bases in Sydney, Darwin and Perth. When the party boy Prince visited just two years ago, he relished in witnessing first-hand England's win over South Africa in the Rugby World Cup match in Perth, and also joined in the festivities of the International Fleet Review's centenary celebrations on Sydney Harbour. While on his first Australian visit a decade earlier during his gap year when the prince was just a fresh-faced 18-year-old, he had the opportunity to cuddle up to the country's indigenous wildlife at Sydney's Taronga Zoo. But this time around, in what is believed to be a four-week assignment, the more mature and responsible 30-year-old, who is known in the British Army as Captain Harry Wales, will be participating in a 'challenging' training program specially prepared by the Australian Defence Force. This comes as Prince Harry has announced he will quit the Armed Forces in June after his 10-year-military career. Scroll down for video . Prince Harry will be training in three army bases throughout Australia next month in a stark contrast to his last visit in 2013 when he joined other footy fans in England's win over South Africa in the Rugby World Cup (left) Prince Harry also joined in the International Fleet Review's centenary celebrations on Sydney Harbour in 2013 . On his first visit, ten years earlier the prince had the time to cuddle up to koalas at Taronga Zoo in Sydney . Chief of the Defence Force, Air Chief Marshal Mark Binskin said the attachment will provide Captain Wales with an opportunity to gain greater insight into the Australian Army's domestic operating environment and capabilities. 'We have prepared a challenging program that will see Captain Wales deploy on urban and field training exercises, domestic deployments, as well as participate in Indigenous engagement activities,' he said. 'While all our units are highly capable, we have selected those units that best utilise Captain Wales' skill sets and give him some experience of the diverse range of capability we have within the ADF. Air Chief Marshal Mark Binskin said the British and Australian armies have a shared military history with secondments, exchanges, bilateral training and professional development all part of a routine practice between the two armed forces. But this time around, known in the British Army as Captain Harry Wales, he will be participating in a 'challenging' training program specially prepared by the Australian Defence Force . During his gap year when the prince was just a fresh-faced 18-year-old, he had the opportunity to cuddle up to the country's indigenous wildlife (right) at Sydney's Taronga Zoo and don the traditional Akubra hat (left) Prince Harry is greeted by a large crowd during the International Fleet Review in Sydney in 2013 . Prince Harry's assignment with the Australian Army is an extension of his regular British Army duties where he is currently working alongside case officers in the Personal Recovery Unit. 'It will build on his previous experience with coalition forces along with his advocacy work with wounded, injured and ill service personnel,' Air Chief Marshal Binksin said. 'It is also an opportunity for Australian Army personnel to learn from their British counterpart and I know our Diggers will welcome Captain Wales into the ranks when he arrives in Australia next month.' He will take a short break to attend the Gallipoli Commemorations in Turkey on April 24 and 25 with his father, Prince Charles. In May, he will then move onto New Zealand where he will undertake a short official tour during his first visit to the country at the invitation of the government. After he quits the Armed Forces in June, he will travel onto Africa where he will spend most of the summer undertaking 'field-based conservation work'. Captain Harry Wales, as he is known in the British Army, will visit army bases in Sydney, Darwin and Perth . Known for his sense of humour, Prince Harry pulls a funny face to a child in Sydney during his last visit in 2013 . He will take a short break to attend the Gallipoli Commemorations in Turkey on April 24 and 25 with his father, Prince Charles . In May, he will then move onto New Zealand where he will undertake a short official tour during his first visit to the country at the invitation of the government . The prince will spend the European summer working alongside conservation groups in Africa, after which he will undertake voluntary work with injured servicemen while 'actively considering other longer term employment opportunities'. In a statement Harry, 30, who has served in the military for ten years and seen two tours of duty in Afghanistan, admitted that it had been a 'tough decision' to leave the job he loved. Harry said today that he was 'really excited' about his future, adding: 'So while I am finishing off one part of my life, I am getting straight into a new chapter. I am really looking forward to it. ' But sources close to the prince said he had reached a 'natural crossroads' in his career and, after much soul-searching, had decided he had no desire to 'progress through the ranks'. 'The Prince has had a fulfilling military career and considers it a huge honour to have served his country in the Armed Forces, during which time he has undertaken two operational tours of duty in Afghanistan, qualified as an Apache Aircraft Commander and spearheaded the Invictus Games,' a Kensington Palace spokesman said: . Prince Harry will spend the summer doing voluntary work with injured servicemen, following his success in setting up the inaugural Invictus Games . A spokesman said: 'Prince Harry will spend a period of summer carrying out a programme of voluntary work alongside field-based conservation experts in Africa. He will focus his time learning how local communities in sub-Saharan Africa are working to protect and conserve their natural resources and wildlife.' In September, Harry will return to the UK to work with the Ministry of Defence in a voluntary capacity with its Recovery Capability Programme. This will build on his work on the Invictus Games, a Paralympic-style event for injured service personnel, which he helped bring to the UK last year. Kensington Palace said: 'In Autumn, Prince Harry will return to work in a voluntary capacity with the Ministry of Defence's Recovery Capability Programme, while actively considering other longer term employment opportunities. 'Prince Harry will continue to support Case Officers at London District's Personal Recovery Unit, working with both those who are administering and receiving physical and mental care within the London District area. This will enable him to continue developing his knowledge of the entire recovery process, placing him in an informed position to further support wounded, injured or sick servicemen and women into the future. ' The fourth in line to the throne will spend the summer working alongside conservation groups in Africa . During his first gap year after leaving school in 2003, the Prince worked with orphans in Lesotho, inspiring him to later set up the charity Sentebale - he is pictured here during a trip to the charity in 2014 . Kensington Palace also stressed that Harry will continue to support the work of the Queen and the Royal Family. In his statement Harry himself said: 'After a decade of service, moving on from the Army has been a really tough decision. I consider myself incredibly lucky to have had the chance to do some very challenging jobs and have met many fantastic people in the process. 'From learning the hard way to stay onside with my Colour Sergeant at Sandhurst, to the incredible people I served with during two tours in Afghanistan - the experiences I have had over the last 10 years will stay with me for the rest of my life. For that I will always be hugely grateful. 'Inevitably most good things come to an end and I am at a crossroads in my military career. Luckily for me, I will continue to wear the uniform and mix with fellow servicemen and women for the rest of my life, helping where I can, and making sure the next few Invictus Games are as amazing as the last. 'I am considering the options for the future and I am really excited about the possibilities. Spending time with the Australian Defence Force will be incredible and I know I will learn a lot. I am also looking forward to coming back to London this summer to continue working at the Personal Recovery Unit. 'So while I am finishing one part of my life, I am getting straight into a new chapter. I am really looking forward to it.' As a young boy Prince Harry dreamed of joining the military and he joined the cadets when studying at Eton . | Prince Harry will spend up to a month with Australian troops next month . Harry Wales will train in army bases in Sydney, Perth and Darwin . Known as Captain Harry Wales, this is his third visit to Australia . He joined in the fun at World Rugby and International fleet Review in 2013 . And cuddled up to Australia's Indigenous wildlife in his gap year in 2003 . Harry will take a short break to attend the Gallipoli Commemorations in Turkey on April 24 and 25 with his father, Prince Charles . In May, Prince Harry will then do a short official tour of New Zealand . Fourth in line to throne will leave his job in the Armed Forces in June . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Eerie pictures have emerged of hundreds of terrified passengers fleeing the foggy scene where a plane crash-landed in Nepal on Wednesday. Although all of the 224 passengers and 11 crew on board the Turkish Airline flight THY726 were safely evacuated after the incident, commuters have described the distressing scenario. 'We could feel the tyres skid... I could see an air hostess from my seat, she had tears in her eyes,' Dikesh Malhotra, a 28-year-old business man on the flight said. Scroll down for video . Eerie pictures have emerged of hundreds of terrified passengers fleeing the foggy scene where Turkish Airline flight THY726 crash landed . All of the 224 passengers and 11 crew on board the plane were safely evacuated after the incident . One pasanger said: 'We could feel the tyres skid... I could see an air hostess from my seat, she had tears in her eyes' Mr Malhotra, said the impact of the landing caused bags to fall on terrified passengers, who clutched their seats, anxiously waiting for the plane to stop moving. When the plane stopped, smoke filled the cabin, making it difficult to breathe, he said. 'Everyone got up and started shouting to open the door... finally they announced evacuation... we were so relieved,' Mr Malhotra said. The fortunate passengers on-board escaped with only minor bumps and bruises, as officials confirmed there were no serious injuries. Air authorities said that the plane, which was arriving from Istanbul in Turkey, came off the runway in Nepal's capital Kathmandu in the early hours of the morning . Two consecutive days of rain had left the runway at Tribhuwan International Airport in Nepal's capital extremely slippery and there was dense fog at the time . The plane, which was on a seven-hour flight from the Turkish capital, was forced to circle for 30 minutes over Nepal before it made a second attempt to land . Air authorities said that the plane, which was arriving from Istanbul in Turkey, came off the runway in Nepal's capital Kathmandu in the early hours of the morning. Two consecutive days of rain had left the runway at Tribhuwan International Airport in Nepal's capital extremely slippery and there was dense fog at the time. Airport spokesman Purna Prasad Chudal said the pilot overshot the runway during an initial attempt to land, before making a second try that sent the plane skidding off the tarmac. The plane, which was on a seven-hour flight from the Turkish capital, was forced to circle for 30 minutes over Nepal before it made a second attempt to land. Following the accident, the craft was left stuck in the grass near the runway with technicians unable to remove the damaged Airbus 330 in the absence of suitable equipment. Concern: Emergency services rushed to the scene of the crash, but fortunately passengers suffered only minor injuries . Accident: The Turkish Airlines jet skidded off the slippery runway while landing in dense fog at Tribhuwan International Airport . Following the accident, the craft was left stuck in the grass near the runway with technicians unable to remove the damaged Airbus 330 in the absence of suitable equipment. 'We are trying to bring specialised removal equipment from India tomorrow morning in an army plane that can land in the available stretch of runway,' another airport official, Bharat Kumar Shrestha,said. Chudal said officials would launch an investigation into the crash and question the pilot. 'The plane had permission to land and while conditions were foggy earlier, visibility was ok,' Chudal told AFP. Crashed: The front of the Airbus was damaged after the crash. Officials say passengers had bumps and bruises but no serious injuries . Secure: Air officials secured the aircraft after it crashed following its second attempt to land in dense fog . 'We are not sure how this happened.' The only international airport in Nepal remained closed Wednesday morning after the accident. The Himalayan nation is home to some of the world's most remote and tricky runways, flanked by snow-capped peaks and terrain that poses a challenge even for accomplished pilots. A string of crashes as well as the European Union's decision to blacklist all Nepalese airlines prompted government officials last year to announce plans to install new radar and weather monitoring systems. Rescue: Nepalese inspect the Turkish Airlines jet that skidded off a slippery runway while landing in dense fog at Tribhuwan International Airport in Kathmandu, Nepal . Damaged: One of the aircraft's front wheels exploded on impact as it crash-landed at the airport . | All 224 passengers and 11 crew on board the Turkish Airline flight THY726 were safely evacuated after the incident . Passengers described the terrifying ordeal in which the impact caused bags to land on people and smoke fill the cabin . Dense fog and extremely slippery conditions caused the pilot to overshoot the runway and then skid off the tarmac . The plane was left damaged and stuck in the grass near the runway with technicians unable to remove it in the absence of suitable equipment on Wednesday . |
here is a blurb about byte pair encoding for encryption, what benefits does this concept have besides compression? | Byte pair encoding (BPE) or digram coding is a simple and robust form of data compression in which the most common pair of contiguous bytes of data in a sequence are replaced with a byte that does not occur within the sequence. A lookup table of the replacements is required to rebuild the original data. The algorithm was first described publicly by Philip Gage in a February 1994 article "A New Algorithm for Data Compression" in the C Users Journal.
A variant of the technique has shown to be useful in several natural language processing (NLP) domains, for applications such as tokenisation, as seen in Google's SentencePiece and OpenAI's GPT-3. Here, the goal is not data compression, but tokenisation of text in a given language to produce a variable sequence of terms from a fixed-size vocabulary of tokens. Typically, most words will be encoded as a single token, while rare words will be encoded as a sequence of a few tokens, where these tokens represent meaningful word parts. This translation of text into tokens can be found by variants of byte pair encoding, such as subword units.
Byte pair encoding lends itself to NLP tasks due to its simplicity and speed; BPE is suitably effective for the tokenisation of terms, does not require large computational overheads, and remains consistent, making it reliable. | An alternate use for byte pair encoding besides compression would be tokenization. Tokenization can be used in Natural Language Processing to encode tokens of words for simplicity and speed in NLP tasks. |
Who is Andres Bello? | Andrés de Jesús María y José Bello López (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈdɾes ˈβeʝo]; November 29, 1781 – October 15, 1865) was a Venezuelan-Chilean humanist, diplomat, poet, legislator, philosopher, educator and philologist, whose political and literary works constitute an important part of Spanish American culture. Bello is featured on the old 2,000 Venezuelan bolívar and the 20,000 Chilean peso notes. | Andrés de Jesús María y José Bello López (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈdɾes ˈβeʝo]; November 29, 1781 – October 15, 1865) was a Venezuelan-Chilean humanist, diplomat, poet, legislator, philosopher, educator and philologist, whose political and literary works constitute an important part of Spanish American culture. Bello is featured on the old 2,000 Venezuelan bolívar and the 20,000 Chilean peso notes.
In Caracas, where he was born, Andrés Bello was Simón Bolívar's teacher for a short period of time and participated in the process that led to Venezuelan independence. As a diplomat for the new independent government that he helped establish, he went with Luis López Méndez and Simón Bolívar on their first diplomatic mission to London. He lived in London from 1810 to 1829.
In 1829, Bello went with his family to Chile. He was hired by the Chilean government and made great works in the field of law and humanities. In Santiago he held positions as a senator and a professor, as well as directing several local newspapers. As a legislator, he was the main promoter and editor of the Chilean Civil Code, one of the most innovative and influential American legal works of his time. In 1842, under his inspiration and with his decisive support, the University of Chile was created, an institution of which he became the first rector, staying in the post for more than two decades. Due to his great contributions, on 17 October 1832 he was given Chilean nationality through a law approved by the Congress. |
Is Castle Island really an Island? | Castle Island is a peninsula in South Boston on the shore of Boston Harbor. In 1928, Castle Island was connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of land and is thus no longer an island. It has been the site of a fortification since 1634, and is currently a 22-acre (8.9 ha) recreation site and the location of Fort Independence. | No, Castle Island is a peninsula off Boston Harbor as of 1928, when it was connected to the Massachusetts mainland. It is a recreation area that is the site of Fort Independence. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Michael Schumacher's 15-year-old son Mick has signed a contract with Van Amersfoort Racing to drive in the Formula 4, a series for young talents. The Dutch team's owner Frits van Amersfoort says 'we have watched his skills in test driving and are looking forward to a successful season.' Mick Schumacher finished second in the world, European and German kart championships last season. His father Michael is the most successful driver in Formula One history with seven titles. Michael Schumacher's son, Mick, is following in his father's footsteps by starting a racing career . Mick Schumacher, 15, has signed a deal to race for Van Amersfoort Racing in Formula 4 . Mick finished runner-up in the world, European and German kart championship last year . Michael Schumacher suffered severe head injuries in a skiing accident in Meribel in the French Alps in December 2013. He was retired from F1 at the time of the accident. Van Amersfoort Racing propelled Max Verstappen - son of Schumacher snr's 1994 Benetton F1 team-mate Jos - to prominence in Formula 3 last season. Verstappen jnr, 17, will race for Toro Rosso in F1 in the 2015 season. 'In the last couple of years, it has become a tradition for us that we offer the runner-up from the German junior karting championship a test session in our simulator,' added Van Amesfoort. 'This is handled by the DMSB, the German motorsport authority, and that is how we first got in touch with Mick Schumacher last autumn. He spent a full day in the simulator at our headquarters in the Netherlands, then we witnessed him during a test session at Valencia and, eventually, we reached an agreement to compete together in this year's ADAC Formula 4 series.' Michael Schumacher was seriously injured after a skiing accident in December 2013 . Schumacher snr is Formula One's most successful ever driver with seven world championships . Schumacher takes the chequered flag upon winning the Canadian Grand Prix for Benetton in 1994 . Michael Schumacher emerged from an induced coma in June last year, and left hospital in September. He has since started to recognise family members, according to someone claiming to be a family friend. Philippe Streiff, a former Formula One driver, told French media Schumacher 'has yet to recover the power of speech' but is 'nevertheless starting to recognise those close to him'. However, Schumacher's manager has disputed the comments, saying the 46-year-old faces a 'long fight' for recovery and that Streiff is not a family friend. 'We need a long time,' Sabine Kehm said. 'He is making progress appropriate to the severity of the situation. Mick Schumacher could follow the path of Max Verstappen, who also raced for Van Amersfoort Racing . 17-year-old Verstappen will drive for Toro Rosso in the 2015 F1 season after his prodigious rise . | Son of Michael Schumacher is following in his father's footsteps . Formula 1 legend's 15-year-old son, Mick, will race in Formula 4 . He finished second in the German kart championship last season . Michael Schumacher won a record seven world F1 titles . Ferrari hero has been in a coma since skiing accident in December 2013 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jenson Button has praised Ferrari for taking the Formula One fight to Mercedes, although feels Sebastian Vettel may have 'lucked' into the team's latest resurgence. After a run of eight straight Mercedes victories stretching back into what proved to be a crushing 2014 campaign, Ferrari and Vettel proved there may be a battle ahead this term with a win in Malaysia on Sunday. It was Ferrari's first triumph for almost two years and has given the championship scrap this season a shot in the arm after Mercedes' romp in the opening race in Australia which suggested another dominant run was looming. Sebastian Vettel waves the Ferrari flag in parc ferme after winning Sunday's Malaysian Grand Prix . The four-time world champion clenches his fists are claiming the first victory of his Ferrari career . Assessing Ferrari's success, McLaren star Button said: 'I am really happy to see Ferrari win. I thought Mercedes were going to trounce it this year, so it is great for the sport and for other teams to see another take it to Mercedes. 'It is not as if the weather was funny or safety cars destroyed their race, Sebastian was just quicker. I was very impressed by him. 'He did a great job which shows things can turn around over a winter, which is good to see for every team. It's nice to see someone challenge them.' But despite how well Vettel drove, Button feels there has to be an element of good fortune he was back on the top step after leaving Red Bull at the end of last season for Ferrari. The Ferrari pit-wall salute Vettel as he crosses the line to win the second round of the championship . Jenson Button is pictured speaking to Red Bull driver Daniil Kvyat ahead of Sunday's race in Malaysia . Button has intimated it is unlikely new McLaren team-mate Fernando Alonso would have left Ferrari if he had known the team would be winning again just two races into 2015. 'He has definitely lucked into a situation, I would say,' added Button. 'I am sure he had the same information as Fernando when Fernando left the team. 'It is one of those situations which sometimes works out for you, for example (Daniel) Ricciardo was overtaken by his new team-mate (Daniil Kvyat), and lapped by his ex-team-mate (Vettel) on the same lap. 'Who would have thought that at the end of last year, so sometimes you do luck into a situation.' It would appear McLaren need luck and a whole lot more besides to make them competitive any time soon as both Button and Alonso retired with technical issues. It was the first time neither McLaren had been classified since the 2006 Australian Grand Prix. 'We have a lot of work to do before we can think about winning,' said Button. 'I don't think we will be even fighting for points when we go to the next race in China, maybe Bahrain if we make a small step before then. 'But it is probably going to be Europe we start fighting for points, and that would be a massive step.' | Jenson Button admitted he was 'happy' to see Ferrari beat Mercedes . But the British star reckons Sebastian Vettel has 'lucked into a situation' McLaren have endured difficult start to the season and neither Button nor his team-mate Fernando Alonso finished Sunday's Malaysian Grand Prix . |
Given this paragraph about autonomous buildings, why would they be safer during a military attack? | Advocates of autonomous building describe advantages that include reduced environmental impacts, increased security, and lower costs of ownership. Some cited advantages satisfy tenets of green building, not independence per se (see below). Off-grid buildings often rely very little on civil services and are therefore safer and more comfortable during civil disaster or military attacks. For example, Off-grid buildings would not lose power or water if public supplies were compromised. | Autonomous buildings often rely on less civil services and are therefore safer and more comfortable during civil disasters or military attacks. |
Mention the Record labels Taylor was associated with. | Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Her genre-spanning discography, songwriting abilities and artistic reinventions have received critical praise and wide media coverage. Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville at age 14 to become a country artist. She signed a songwriting deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing in 2004 and a recording contract with Big Machine Records in 2005. Her 2006 self-titled debut album made her the first female country artist to write a U.S. platinum-certified album.
Swift's next albums, Fearless (2008) and Speak Now (2010), explored country pop. The former's "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me" were the first country songs to top the U.S. pop and all-genre airplay charts, respectively. She experimented with rock and electronic styles on Red (2012), which featured her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one song, "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", and eschewed her country image in her synth-pop album, 1989 (2014), supported by chart-topping songs "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", and "Bad Blood". Media scrutiny inspired the urban-flavored Reputation (2017) and its number-one single "Look What You Made Me Do".
Exiting Big Machine, Swift signed with Republic Records in 2018 and released her seventh studio album, Lover (2019), followed by the autobiographical documentary Miss Americana (2020). She ventured into indie folk and alternative rock in her 2020 albums Folklore and Evermore, whose singles "Cardigan" and "Willow" topped the Hot 100. Swift began re-recording her first six albums after a dispute over their masters, re-releasing two in 2021—Fearless (Taylor's Version) and Red (Taylor's Version). The latter's "All Too Well (10 Minute Version)" became the longest song to top the Hot 100. Her 2022 album Midnights and single "Anti-Hero" broke all-time streaming records. Swift has directed music videos and films, such as All Too Well: The Short Film (2021), and played supporting roles in others.
Having sold over 200 million records globally, Swift is one of the best-selling musicians in history. She is the most streamed woman on Spotify and the only act to have five albums open with over one million copies sold in the US. Among her accolades are 12 Grammy Awards, including three Album of the Year wins; an Emmy Award; 40 American Music Awards; 29 Billboard Music Awards; three IFPI Global Recording Artist of the Year awards; and 92 Guinness World Records. Swift has been featured in rankings such as Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time, Billboard's Greatest of All Time Artists, the Time 100 and Forbes Celebrity 100. Honored with titles such as Artist of the Decade and Woman of the Decade, Swift is an advocate for artists' rights and women's empowerment. Her music is credited with influencing a generation of singers and songwriters. | Taylor Swift was associated with the following record labels:
1. Sony/ATV Music Publishing (2004)
2. Big Machine Records (2005)
3. Republic Records (2018) |
Who is RFK? | Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby, was an American politician and lawyer. He served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964 and as a U.S. senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination. Like his brothers John F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy, he was a prominent member of the Democratic Party and is viewed by some historians as an icon of modern American liberalism. | Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby, was an American politician and lawyer. He served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964 and as a U.S. senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination. Like his brothers John F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy, he was a prominent member of the Democratic Party and is viewed by some historians as an icon of modern American liberalism.
Kennedy was born into a wealthy, political family in Brookline, Massachusetts. After serving in the U.S. Naval Reserve from 1944 to 1946, Kennedy returned to his studies at Harvard University, and later received his law degree from the University of Virginia. He began his career as a correspondent for The Boston Post and as a lawyer at the Justice Department, but later resigned to manage his brother John's successful campaign for the U.S. Senate in 1952. The following year, he worked as an assistant counsel to the Senate committee chaired by Senator Joseph McCarthy. He gained national attention as the chief counsel of the Senate Labor Rackets Committee from 1957 to 1959, where he publicly challenged Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa over the union's corrupt practices. Kennedy resigned from the committee to conduct his brother's successful campaign in the 1960 presidential election. He was appointed United States Attorney General at the age of 35, one of the youngest cabinet members in American history. He served as his brother's closest advisor until the latter's 1963 assassination.
His tenure is known for advocating for the civil rights movement, the fight against organized crime and the Mafia, and involvement in U.S. foreign policy related to Cuba. He authored his account of the Cuban Missile Crisis in a book titled Thirteen Days. As attorney general, he authorized the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to wiretap Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference on a limited basis. After his brother's assassination, he remained in office during the Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson for several months. He left to run for the United States Senate from New York in 1964 and defeated Republican incumbent Kenneth Keating. In office, Kennedy opposed U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War and raised awareness of poverty by sponsoring legislation designed to lure private business to blighted communities (i.e., Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration project). He was an advocate for issues related to human rights and social justice by traveling abroad to eastern Europe, Latin America, and South Africa, and formed working relationships with Martin Luther King Jr., Cesar Chavez, and Walter Reuther.
In 1968, Kennedy became a leading candidate for the Democratic nomination for the presidency by appealing to poor, African American, Hispanic, Catholic, and young voters. His main challenger in the race was Senator Eugene McCarthy. Shortly after winning the California primary around midnight on June 5, 1968, Kennedy was shot by Sirhan Sirhan, a 24-year-old Palestinian, allegedly in retaliation for his support of Israel following the 1967 Six-Day War. Kennedy died 25 hours later. Sirhan was arrested, tried, and convicted, though Kennedy's assassination, like his brother's, continues to be the subject of widespread analysis and numerous conspiracy theories. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Baby girls from well-off districts can expect to enjoy good health for nearly 20 years longer than those in the poorest towns and suburbs, according to an official analysis. It found that a newborn girl in one of the top 10 per cent of wealthy areas will live 71.3 years before her life is limited by chronic illness or disability. But a girl born in one of the bottom 10 per cent of the most deprived areas can expect only 52.4 years of life in good health. Lottery: Babies born living in the top 10 per cent of wealthy areas can expect to live up to 20 years longer without disability or chronic illness, than those in poorer areas. Baby girls in wealthy areas can expect to live healthy lives the longest . The difference means the well-off girl is likely to have a healthy life more than a third longer than that of a girl from a poor district. The figures for boys are highly similar, according to the findings charted by the Office for National Statistics. They provoked protests from poverty pressure groups, which compared health inequality in Britain with health levels in Third World countries, and complained that the wealth gap is now dragging down the health of the entire British population. World Health Organisation figures on healthy life expectancy appear to show that men and women in Rwanda can expect to live healthily to 55 and 56 respectively. The same figures, from the Global Health Observatory Data Repository, show men and women in Romania will enjoy good health to 63 and 69, while those in Russia can expect to live to 57 and 66 without serious health issues. Poor health: Baby boys born in the most deprived areas of Britain have the worst prospects having just 52.2 years of healthy living . The ONS findings for the UK say that healthy life expectancy is at its worst in the very poorest areas of the country – usually those with high levels of worklessness, benefit dependency and alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption – and that for four fifths of the population the health gap between the best off and the rest is much less marked. The figures were calculated from the ONS Annual Population Survey which checks on the lives of 320,000 people a year. For men, it said that boys born in the most deprived suburbs can expect 52.2 years of good health, compared to 70.5 years for those born in the best-off areas. It said that if the figures were adjusted by measures designed to take into account income across the population rather than just in extremely poor or rich districts, the gaps were wider – 19.5 years for women as opposed to 18.9, and 19.1 years for men as opposed to 18.3. The ONS figures showed that, above the poorest fifth of areas, newborn girls can all expect almost 60 years of healthy life or more, and boys more than 58 years. Alison Garnham, chief executive of Child Poverty Action Group, said: ‘The statistics lay bare what poverty and deprivation does to children here in the UK – it damages their health and shortens lives. Politicians of all parties need to act.’ Comparisons with Third World countries were made by the Equality Trust campaign group. Its director Duncan Exley said: ‘The UK is one of the most unequal countries in the developed world. This is damaging our health, our social bonds and our economy.’ The ONS figures are based on an analysis of nearly 33,000 neighbourhoods across England, but no individual district is named. | Girls born in wealthiest areas will live over 70 years before chronic illness . This is compared to just 52 years in most deprived areas of Britain . Office of National Statistics figures showed outlook similar for males . Healthy life expectancy in most deprived areas worse than Third World . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The new Formula One season gets underway in the early hours of Sunday morning when Melbourne plays host to the opening race of the campaign. Ahead of the curtain raiser, Phil Duncan assesses the sport's hot topics... So, it looks like Lewis Hamilton is going to waltz to back-to-back titles… . There’s no question that Mercedes are set to pick up in 2015 where they left off last year. Hamilton and team-mate Nico Rosberg clocked up more miles than any of their rivals over the winter, and they were the quickest, too. Hamilton won 11 of the 19 races last year, and you fancy if he sorts out his performances in qualifying, he’ll be tough to beat. Lewis Hamilton appeared in a relaxed mood as he signed autographs for punters ahead of the season opener . Hamilton’s popped up at a host of celeb parties over the winter… Is there any danger he’s taken his eye off the ball? The reigning champion has helped to raise F1’s profile away from the track after attending a number of showbiz functions during the off-season. From the Paris catwalk to the red carpet at the BRITs, Hamilton's never been far from the limelight. His high-profile split from Nicole Scherzinger has hit the headlines, too. But the Briton, now somewhat of the elder statesman on the grid having celebrated his 30th birthday at the turn of the year, appears to have adopted a new-found maturity in recent times, and his desire to match Ayrton Senna’s feat of three world titles appears to be his sole focus heading into the new campaign. At least, he's telling us that anyway. Hamilton poses in his Mercedes overalls on Thursday as he prepares to defend his world championship . Rosberg, posing for pictures with fans on Thursday, will renew his title battle with team-mate Hamilton . So, what can Rosberg do to stop him? Rosberg out-qualified Hamilton 12-7 last term, but his race displays left much to be desired; indeed he converted just three of his 11 poles into victories in 2014. If the German sorts out his race pace, he’ll give Hamilton a run for his money. At 3-1 with some bookmakers, he’s certainly worth a punt. And what about the rest of the grid? Williams, powered by Mercedes once more, are set to be Hamilton and Rosberg’s nearest challengers. Valtteri Bottas was one of the stand-out performers last term, and his team-mate Felipe Massa is among the most experienced out there. Ferrari, boosted by the arrival of Sebastian Vettel from Red Bull, have seemingly turned a corner in pre-season testing and look primed to bounce back from two years in the doldrums. Daniel Ricciardo, the only non-Mercedes driver to win a race last year, should be confident after a number of impressive displays in 2014, but his Renault-powered Red Bull still lacks what it takes to challenge Hamilton and Rosberg on a consistent basis. Williams driver Valtteri Bottas was among the stand-out performers in 2014, and he is set to take the challenge to Mercedes once more . Daniel Ricciardo poses with models at the Albert Park Circuit ahead of his home race in Melbourne . I noticed you haven’t mentioned McLaren… I thought they were going to be back at the front after renewing their partnership with Honda? Well, that was the plan, but it looks as though it will be some time before either Fernando Alonso or Jenson Button get a sniff of the podium let alone win a race. The Woking-based outfit, struck by a host of reliability issues managed fewer miles than any other team in testing and they were well off the pace, too. Button, retained by McLaren after a surprise U-turn from the team's hierarchy at the end of last year, has already called for patience, and reckons just getting to the finish on Sunday, should be considered a positive result. Jenson Button is set for his 16th season in Formula One, but McLaren are likely to struggle from the offset . And Alonso, their marque signing, won't be there? No. The Spaniard suffered a mysterious crash in testing which left him concussed and in hospital for three days. CCTV captured the 134mph smash, but the footage has never been released adding to the mystery surrounding the incident. The former Ferrari man is confident he will back for the second race in Malaysia, but his participation is yet to be confirmed by McLaren. Kevin Magnussen, dropped by the British team at the end of last year, gets his chance in Melbourne this weekend. Fernando Alonso waves to the media after he is released from hospital following a crash in testing . With a combined age of 68, Alonso and Button form the eldest pairing on the grid, but what about this kid Verstappen? He isn’t old enough to drive a road car yet is he? Not in his native Holland, no. Son of Jos Verstappen, the former Benetton driver and team-mate of Michael Schumacher, Max is just 17. He has been partnered at Red Bull's junior team Toro Rosso with rookie Carlos Sainz Jnr, who at the grand old age of 20 is somewhat of a veteran. Verstappen will become the youngest driver in F1 history on Sunday, and it’s a record which is unlikely to be broken after the FIA raised the minimum age limit to 18 in the wake of Verstappen’s controversial appointment. Max Verstappen (left) and Carlos Sainz Jnr will form the youngest driver pairing in grand prix history . So, what else do I need to look out for this season? Following one of the grandest overhauls of the sport ahead of the last campaign, the rules and regulations are relatively unchanged for 2015. Ugly nosecones are thankfully a thing of the past, the Mexican Grand Prix is back on the calendar for the first time in more than two decades, and drivers have been stopped from changing their helmet throughout the season. Caterham are gone, but Marussia, now in the guise of Manor, have survived and after hiring Will Stevens, three Brits will line up Down Under. We’ll also see the introduction of the ‘Virtual Safety Car’... Under new regulations, Hamilton will be forced to stick with the same helmet design (above) throughout 2015 . What’s that all about then? In the wake of Jules Bianchi's horror crash at last year's Japanese Grand Prix, a 'Virtual Safety Car; concept has been introduced. FIA race director Charlie Whiting will deploy the system immediately after any incident which requires double waved yellows, but is not deemed severe enough for the Safety Car itself. The aim is to neutralise the race track and slow drivers down after Bianchi, who remains unconscious in hospital, was adjudged to have been going too fast when he crashed into the back of a tractor sent to recover Adrian Sutil’s Sauber at the rain-lashed race in Japan. So, what time shall I set my alarm for on Sunday? Nice and early! Another recommendation following Bianchi’s crash was to bring forward the start-time of a number of races outside Europe. Sunday's Australian Grand Prix gets underway at 5am (4pm local time), one hour earlier than last year, to avoid any danger of the race ending in darkness. You can follow the coverage of every lap on MailOnline. Sky Sports F1 will screen the race live with highlights on the BBC. | Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg to renew their title battle in 2015 . Reigning champ Hamilton starts as championship favourite with Mercedes expected to boast clear advantage for second successive campaign . McLaren have endured difficult winter and face tough start to the season . Max Verstappen, 17, will become youngest driver in grand prix history . Season gets underway at 5am on Sunday with the Australian Grand Prix . |
List the Pixar movies that have won Academy Awards. | Pixar has produced 26 feature films, starting with Toy Story (1995), which is the first fully computer-animated feature film; its most recent film was Lightyear (2022). The studio has also produced many short films. As of July 2019, its feature films have earned approximately $14 billion at the worldwide box office, with an average worldwide gross of $680 million per film. Toy Story 3 (2010), Finding Dory (2016), Incredibles 2 (2018), and Toy Story 4 (2019) are all among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time. Incredibles 2 is the studio's highest grossing film as well as the fourth-highest-grossing animated film of all time, with a gross of $1.2 billion; the other three also grossed over $1 billion. Moreover, 15 of Pixar's films are in the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time.
Pixar has earned 23 Academy Awards, 10 Golden Globe Awards, and 11 Grammy Awards, along with numerous other awards and acknowledgments. Its films are frequently nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since its inauguration in 2001, with eleven winners being Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), Toy Story 4 (2019), and Soul (2020). The six nominated films that did not win are Monsters, Inc. (2001), Cars (2006), Incredibles 2 (2018), Onward (2020), Luca (2021) and Turning Red (2022). While Cars 2 (2011), Monsters University (2013), The Good Dinosaur (2015), Finding Dory (2016), Cars 3 (2017) and the aforementioned Lightyear were not nominated. In addition, Toy Story 3 and Up were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.
On February 10, 2009, Pixar executives John Lasseter, Brad Bird, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton, and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion award for Lifetime Achievement by the Venice Film Festival. The physical award was ceremoniously handed to Lucasfilm's founder, George Lucas. | Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), Toy Story 4 (2019), Soul (2020) |
What is the difference between check and checkmate? | When a king is under immediate attack, it is said to be in check. A move in response to a check is legal only if it results in a position where the king is no longer in check. This can involve capturing the checking piece; interposing a piece between the checking piece and the king (which is possible only if the attacking piece is a queen, rook, or bishop and there is a square between it and the king); or moving the king to a square where it is not under attack. Castling is not a permissible response to a check.
The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent; this occurs when the opponent's king is in check, and there is no legal way to get it out of check. It is never legal for a player to make a move that puts or leaves the player's own king in check. In casual games, it is common to announce "check" when putting the opponent's king in check, but this is not required by the rules of chess and is usually not done in tournaments. | When a king is about to be captured in the next opponents move, then the king is in check. If the king cannot get out of check, then the king is checkmated and loses the game |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | West Ham are ready to rise to the challenge of facing a Sunderland side managed for the first time by Dick Advocaat, according to defender Aaron Cresswell. The Black Cats travel to Upton Park on Saturday evening just one point and one place outside of the Premier League relegation zone, having sacked Gus Poyet after last weekend's 4-0 home defeat to Aston Villa. Advocaat has been appointed until the end of the season with the aim of keeping the club in the top flight, and Cresswell - a Premier League ever-present for West Ham so far this campaign - knows the game takes on extra significance following the Dutchman's appointment. Aaron Cresswell (right) says West Ham are ready to face Sunderland on Saturday evening . Cresswell admits it will be tough facing a team who have just appointed a new manager . 'What was already set to be a tough but exciting game has that bit more to it now Sunderland have brought a new manager in,' he told West Ham's official website. 'I don't know too much about Dick Advocaat but he's certainly got a lot of experience and we're expecting a difficult match. Every game in the Premier League is a challenge and we will have to rise to it. 'When a new manager comes in it gives everyone at the club a lift and the players will want to impress the new manager. 'The first game under a new manager seems to favour the team with the new manager and I certainly think that was the case when we played West Bromwich Albion on New Year's Day just after Tony Pulis had taken over.' Dick Advocaat has taken over at Sunderland until the end of the season . Advocaat takes charge of the Black Cats for the first time away at West Ham on Saturday evening . Although Advocaat will want a positive result in his first game in charge, the fixture is also crucial to West Ham and their manager Sam Allardyce. Following an impressive start, Allardyce has seen his side fall away from the pack chasing European qualification with the Hammers having won just one of their last 12 league games. In that spell they have come up against Liverpool, Manchester United, Southampton, Tottenham, Arsenal and Chelsea but, of their final nine league outings, only two come against sides in the top half. 'We've had a tough run of fixtures recently and while no game is easy in the Premier League, some are harder than others,' Cresswell added. 'Having played all the top clubs in the last two months, we know that we have a fair few winnable games in our last nine games so I firmly believe we can finish strongly. 'We haven't had the results that we feel our performances deserve so we need to work that bit harder to make sure we get what our performances merit. No one at the club wants the season to fade away and we want to finish as high as we can.' | West Ham host Sunderland at Upton Park on Saturday evening . The match sees Dick Advocaat manage the Black Cats for the first time . Aaron Cresswell says West Ham are ready for the challenge they face . Cresswell says it was 'already tough' and has now been made more difficult with the new manager aspect . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's recent speech to the U.S. Congress has received disproportionate media attention across the world: the leader of America's most important client state in the Middle East defies the reservations of the White House, abusing Congress as a platform for his Israeli election campaign. Disregarding Israel's already strained bilateral relations with the United States, Netanyahu readily risked the consequences of humiliating the Obama administration in exchange for less than an hour of political self-manifestation -- typical for a man who is domestically known to be not much of a statesman. Netanyahu is a charismatic speaker and a passionate Israel-advocate, however, his personal and political interests have always taken precedence over serving Israel's national interests. Political survival has been the maxim of his domestic and foreign policies. Netanyahu joins a long list of Israeli politicians overwhelmed by the plurality and polarization of domestic public opinion. So far he has been just another Israeli leader seeking "easy" short-term answers to fundamentally strategic problems, thereby further protracting an already protracted conflict. As a puppet of ideological, conservative playmakers who whole-heartedly reject a two-state solution, Netanyahu has been held hostage by the likes of Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman and Economy Minister Naftali Bennett who pursue a discriminatory policy of sectarian segregation intending to contain Palestinian public dissidence through mere coercion. Consequently, Netanyahu's foreign policy vis-à-vis the peace process has been a disaster. He took over from Ehud Olmert and Tzipi Livni -- two politicians who at least believed in a two-state solution and were ready to make sacrifices to keep the peace process alive. Israeli leaders typically fall into two categories: those who believe in peace and those that have the power to make peace. Olmert was the former, and Netanyahu long seemed like he could become the latter. In reality, however, Netanyahu is neither. He has given in to a toxic form of Jewish nationalism, disregarded Israel's relatively good regional position vis-à-vis its otherwise-occupied Arab neighbors; he has continued to build settlements out of spite, thought of ever new preconditions for bilateral negotiations with the Palestinians and waged a ruthless war against Gaza without a clear strategic endgame -- a war that was lost militarily and in terms of international reputation. Apart from the tragic effects of Netanyahu's policy on the peace process, his stubbornness has alienated allies in Europe and Washington. While the Arab world has been widely apathetic about the Israel-Palestinian issue amid regional disintegration, partners on both sides of the Atlantic have tried to facilitate the revitalization of constructive peace talks. Yet, Netanyahu chose to ignore external initiatives, retracting to a Jewish nationalist rhetoric founded on security paranoia, self-victimization and the illusion of Israeli autarky in security and defense. As a consequence, Israel's foreign relations with its most important strategic partners have noticeably cooled. Obama's Middle Eastern focus has shifted from the Israel/Palestinian issue to a rapprochement with Iran. European lawmakers are considering recognizing Palestinian statehood despite Israeli objections. More importantly, many traditionally pro-Israel Western publics have turned their back on the Jewish state. Younger generations in particular refuse to accept the narrative that shaped their parental generation: Israel as the David in a fight against Goliath. Israel's monopoly on victimhood has been undermined by an inflexible, uncompromising short-minded policy towards a Palestinian people under occupation whose narrative of victimhood increasingly finds attentive ears in the West. At first sight, then, the prospect of four more years of Netanyahu, does not sound too promising -- at least in regards to the peace process. At a closer look, however, a continuation of Netanyahu's policies might actually help the Palestinian cause. His implicit rejection of the two-state solution; his prioritization of short-term security over sustainable security solutions; his pursuit of a toxic Jewish nationalist agenda justifying an intensification of sectarianism between Israel and the Occupied Territories as well as within Israel, are all factors that will leave Israel increasingly isolated. His Israel-first narrative might win Netanyahu votes within a highly polarized electorate that in recent years has become more and more right-wing amid a top-down constructed climate of fear. Hamas' and Hezbollah's mid-tech missile capability, Syria's socio-political disintegration and subsequent rise of Islamist non-state actors, have been used by the Netanyahu government to create an Arab bogyman ostensibly threatening the Jewish state's very existence -- a new bogyman coexisting side-by-side with Netanyahu's "favorite" bogeyman, Iran. Despite Netanyahu's pre-occupation with security, the derailment of the peace process has not been much of a topic during the campaign so far. If Netanyahu receives another mandate on Tuesday, Israel will be further driven into the international offside, pressure from the West will increase and thereby the Palestinian cause will receive ever more attention and support from policymakers and publics across the world. Netanyahu has become somewhat of a villain in the West -- an untrustworthy, short-sighted politician who in comparison to his counterparts in Ramallah appears to lack the willingness to compromise, cooperate and empathize. Thus, while another term of Bibi will not be in the national interest of Israel, it will very likely serve the Palestinian interests. | Political survival has been maxim of Netanyahu's domestic and foreign policies, says Andreas Krieg . Krieg: Netanyahu's foreign policy vis-à-vis the peace process has been disaster . New term for Netanyahu will not be in national interest of Israel, it will serve Palestinian interests, Krieg adds . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England fell agonisingly short of claiming an astonishing Six Nations title as Stuart Lancaster's side ran in seven tries to beat France on one of the most astonishing days in the history of the Championship. Going into the game knowing they needed to win by 26 clear points, Stuart Lancaster's team produced an incredible show of attacking rugby which saw them finish one of the most remarkable matches in Twickenham history broken, but not bowed. England's players were left distraught as the realisation they had finished so near but so far away from winning the title. For the fourth year running under Lancaster, his side must settle for second place in the championship but this was a stunning performance that will see them take enormous confidence into the World Cup. England captain Chris Robshaw (right) wanders off the Twickenham pitch after his country's win against France . England's players go into a huddle after narrowly missing out on the Six Nations title to Ireland by just six points . England lock Courtney Lawes appears dejected as he trudges off the pitch after the final whistle at Twickenham . Head coach Stuart Lancaster walks down the tunnel after watching his country's 55-35 victory against France . Ben Youngs goes over the line to give England an early lead in their must-win Six Nations clash against France . Leicester Tigers star Youngs jumps for joy after scoring the first try of the match on Saturday evening . Ireland captain Paul O'Connell lifts the Six Nations trophy at Murrayfield after watching England just fall short against France . England: Brown 7, Watson 6, Joseph 7, Burrell 5, Nowell 7, Ford 7, B. Youngs 9, Marler 6, Hartley 6, Cole 6, Parling 7, Lawes 7, Haskell 6, Robshaw 8, B. Vunipola 7 . Replacements: Cipriani for Watson (63), Twelvetrees for Burrell (73), Wigglesworth for B. Youngs (73), M. Vunipola for Marler (63), T. Youngs for Hartley (53), Brookes for Cole (63), Easter for Parling (68), Wood for Haskell (68) Sin Bin: Haskell (57) Scorers . Tries: B. Youngs 2, Watson, Ford, Nowell 2, B. Vunipola . Cons: Ford 7 . Pens: Ford 2 . Coach: Stuart Lancaster 7 . France: Spedding 5, Huget 8, Fickou 6, Mermoz 6, Nakaitaci 7, Plisson 5, Tillous-Borde 6, Debaty 6, Guirado 7, Mas 5, Flanquart 6, Maestri 6, Dusautoir 8, Le Roux 6, Goujon 7 . Replacements: Bastareaud for Mermoz (73), Tales for Plisson (73), Kockott for Tillous-Borde (48), Kayser for Guirado (47), Atonio for Mas (47), Chouly for Goujon (63) Not Used: Slimani, Taofifenua . Scorers . Tries: Tillous-Borde, Nakaitaci, Mermoz, Debaty, Kayser. Cons: Plisson 2 . Pens: Plisson, Kockott . Att: 82,319 . Ref: Steve Walsh (Australia). *Player ratings by Chris Foy at Twickenham . They have reason to be proud. Twelve tries were scored in total - seven against five - but ultimately England finished six points adrift of the total they needed as Ireland claimed the title for the second season running. England could barely have done any more but were punished for a second-half lapse of discipline which saw James Haskell sin binned for tripping and France scored two tries. 'We're absolutely devastated,' said man-of-the-match Ben Youngs, who scored two tries. 'For all our endeavour, we fell short. We're gutted.' Ireland's crushing victory over Scotland at Murrayfield earlier in the afternoon left England with a huge mountain to climb. England began the game knowing they must win by the unlikely margin of 26 points to win the first championship of Lancaster's tenure. It was always going to be a huge ask against a French side that, for all its faults, had conceded just two tries in four matches leading into this Twickenham clash. Suddenly, the perceived advantage of playing the final game of the tournament had become a burden of pressure around England's throat. Lancaster had recalled experienced Leicester lock Geoff Parling in place of Dave Attwood and kept faith with the backline which squandered try after try against Scotland last Saturday. Parling's Leicester team-mate Dan Cole led his side out on his 50th cap and England knew they would need a titanic set-piece performance, first and foremost, to stand a realistic chance of pulling off a stunning championship win. And from the very first scrum there were indications they may deliver as England wheeled their opposing eight enough for No8 Billy Vunipola to put extreme pressure on France scrum half Sebastien Tillous-Borde. The France No9 threw a pass to nowhere with Vunipola breathing down his neck and England centre Jonathan Joseph – England's find of the tournament – gathered and fed the ball down the right to full back Mike Brown. Brown worked the ball to George Ford who flipped a clever pass inside to Ben Youngs who pirouetted over the line for a try inside 90 seconds. Ford added the conversion from the right hand touchline to make it 7-0 and England were away. Only a missed penalty attempt dampened the crowd's enthusiasm. Then, disaster struck as Courtney Lawes fumbled a pass from Youngs down the right and Tillous-Borde snaffled the ball with only Cole covering across and the line at his mercy. There was no contest. The France scrum half sped in from fully 60 metres to silence the Twickenham crowd. Plisson missed the conversion but moments later France went even further ahead when winger Noa Nakaitaci broke away down the left to score his side's second try inside a couple of minutes. But the left winger can consider himself incredibly fortunate after he brainlessly attempted to run around under the posts only to touch the ball down milliseconds before his left foot stepped over the dead ball line. The Television Match Official agonised over the decision and eventually, after countless replays, the try was awarded. England's Jack Nowell goes over for his second try of the match but England could not find enough points to jump above Ireland . France's Noa Nakaitaci scores a controversial try after getting away from Youngs during the first half . Nakaitaci was deemed to be in control of the ball as he touched it down before falling over the dead ball line . England's Jonathan Joseph (centre) is tackled by France duo Maxime Mermoz (left) and Vincent Debaty . England's players were left to rue some costly mistakes as they missed out on yet another Six Nations title under Lancaster . Plisson's conversion made it 15-7 after 17 minutes and suddenly England's task was even greater than at kick off. Lawes caused a mini fracas when his huge hit on Plisson angered France, although referee Nigel Owens deemed the tackle was fair. Ford then reduced the deficit to five points with a long-range penalty and Plisson missed back-to-back penalties to deny France the chance to pull further ahead. Now it was England's turn to get lucky. Youngs made a searing 40 metre break down the right and fed inside to Ford who was tackled short of the line. James Haskell dipped for the ball but appeared to knock on in the process before gathering and popping to Anthony Watson to cross. But this time the TMO ruled in England's favour and the try was awarded with the ball deemed to have come off Haskell's knee. Ford converted to make it 17-15 after 31 minutes. Game on again. In an astonishing game, Joseph then broke from his own line to make 70 metres before chipping ahead for Luther Burrell. The centre lost out to Bernard Le Roux but earned a penalty which England took quickly and Youngs wriggled over for his side's third try. Ford converted to make it 24-15 and England dared to dream again. A Ford penalty on the stroke of half time left England 27-15 in front after a memorable half but Maime Memoz crossed two minutes into the second half to leave the home side 21 points away from claiming the title. Seven of those came four minutes later when Youngs, enjoying his best game in an England shirt, made a searing break down the right and fed inside for Ford to canter over for his side's fourth try. Ford converted his own try to make it 34-22. Lawes is grabbed by his shirt during the first half as France's players let their frustrations boil over . George Ford slides on to his right side as he scores England's fourth try of the afternoon and first of the second half . Exeter Chiefs' Jack Nowell finishes off another flowing England move to score his country's fifth try against France . Bath's Anthony Watson scores England's second try of the match during a frantic opening period at Twickenham . France's Sebastien Tillous-Borde responded to Youngs' early try with one of his own after a brilliant 40-yard dash . Danny Cipriani drives forward late on during England's desperate search for points at Twickenham . Dylan Hartley conceded a needless penalty which replacement Rory Kockott kicked. It was Hartley's last act as he was replaced by Tom Youngs on 52 minutes. England struck again when Jack Nowell crossed after more good work from Youngs and Ford's conversion made it 41-25 after 53 minutes. But England's delight was tempered when Haskell was sent to the sin bin for a blatant trip on Plisson. With Haskell off the pitch, France broke again and Nakaitaci made a searing run down the left. Brown looked to have stopped him but the winger flicked a clever pass to the supporting Vincent Debaty and the prop scored. Kockott missed the conversion leaving the deficit at 11 points. Danny Cipriani was introduced to the fray at full back on 61 minutes with Watson going off and Brown moving to the wing. Within seconds England scored again when Vunipola drove over and Ford converted, leaving England 18 points in front. It was utterly astonishing stuff. France scored their fifth try when replacement Benjamin Kayser drove over from a line out but Kockott missed again to leave the score 48-35. Haskell was replaced by Tom Wood as England began to sense their title hopes were slipping away. But in keeping with this incredible game, Nowell crossed for his second try after clever work by Ford, who converted, to leave England needing six more points with four minutes left. England head coach Stuart Lancaster (centre) watches his players in action from the stands at Twickenham . Youngs caps a brilliant first-half performance with his second try of the match and England's third . England's Courtney Lawes gets caught up in a scuffle with four France players as tempers flare during the first half . Captain Chris Robshaw bursts forward as England chase a big win to beat Ireland to the Six Nations title . England's players, including captain Robshaw (right), look dejected after conceding a crucial try to France on home soil . | Ben Youngs scored an early try to give England hope of winning the Six Nations title Twickenham . France battled back with tries from Sebastien Tillous-Borde and Noa Nakaitaci . Further tries from Anthony Watson and Youngs helped put England in control at the break . George Ford and Jack Nowell both went over in the second half to extend England's advantage . Ireland's 40-10 victory over Scotland earlier in the day enough to secure the Six Nations trophy . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Seven college-age people, some who came to Panama City Beach, Florida, for spring break, were wounded in a late-night shooting, the Bay County Sheriff's Office said in a press release. Officers met "complete chaos" when they tried to find out what happened not long after midnight Friday, Sheriff Frank McKeithen told CNN affiliate WMBB when interviewed on the scene. Video showed the streets teeming with young people. Three people with gunshot wounds were found inside a house, one outside the house, one in the median of the road and two on the other side of the road, the sheriff's office said in a press release. "We have about 100 witnesses or so that we are trying to separate and interview," McKeithen told WMBB. "We have a mess." The scene was so mixed up that deputies from five adjacent counties and officers from the Florida Highway Patrol and Panama City Beach police were called in to assist. The shooting occurred at a residence on Thomas Drive, the main drag in the beach town. Several of the victims were students from Alabama A&M University who were visiting town for spring break, the sheriff's office said. They're between 20 and 22 years of age. During February and March, up to six million young people visit Panama City Beach, which some have been dubbed "the Spring Break Capital of the World." The Panhandle town has a resident population of about 12,000. Some of the young people were shot multiple times. They were taken to area hospitals, where three were listed in critical condition and three in stable condition, the sheriff's office said. The seventh person was in surgery when the press release was issued and no update on his condition was provided. Authorities arrested David Jarmichael Daniels, 22, of Mobile, Alabama, on seven counts of attempted murder. A .40-caliber pistol was found in the backyard of a residence. Officials did not mention a possible motive. The shooting was one of six firearms-related incidents of the night, with four guns seized in drug cases, the sheriff's office said in a press release. Other details were not provided. On Saturday night, the Panama City Beach City Council held a special meeting to talk about the violence. "It's time to stop the bloodshed," said council member Keith Curry, according to WMBB. "We're lucky that we don't have seven dead people." "This is a hostile takeover, an attempt at a hostile takeover," said Sparky Sparkman, owner of Spinnaker Beach Club. "And if anyone here doesn't think what's going on out there is hostile, just ride up and down the street." The council considered banning alcohol on the beach through mid-April, but that measure was voted down, WMBB said. The council approved more funding for extra enforcement on the beach. | Seven young people were wounded in a late-night shooting in Panama City Beach, Florida . The large number of spring breakers made the investigation difficult . "It's time to stop the bloodshed," a city council member says . |
Who is Jon Bon Jovi | John Francis Bongiovi Jr. (born March 2, 1962), known professionally as Jon Bon Jovi, is an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and actor. He is best known as the founder and frontman of the rock band Bon Jovi, which was formed in 1983. He has released 15 studio albums with his band as well as two solo albums.
In the 1990s, Bon Jovi started an acting career, starring in the films Moonlight and Valentino and U-571 and appearing on television in Sex and the City, Ally McBeal, and The West Wing.
As a songwriter, Bon Jovi was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2009. In 2012, he ranked number 50 on the list of Billboard magazine's "Power 100", a ranking of "The Most Powerful and Influential People in the Music Business". In 1996, People magazine named him one of the "50 Most Beautiful People in the World". In 2000, People awarded him the title "Sexiest Rock Star".
Bon Jovi was a founder and former majority owner of the Arena Football League team, the Philadelphia Soul. He is the founder of The Jon Bon Jovi Soul Foundation, founded in 2006. | John Francis Bongiovi Jr. (born March 2, 1962), known professionally as Jon Bon Jovi, is an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and actor. He is best known as the founder and frontman of the rock band Bon Jovi, which was formed in 1983. He has released 15 studio albums with his band as well as two solo albums. |
Extract the names of the teams Jubilee was a part of from the text. Separate them with a comma. | Forgiven,X-Men,Generation X,X-Corps,New Warriors,Patsy Walker Temp Agency | Jubilee was created by writer Chris Claremont and artist Marc Silvestri and first appeared in The Uncanny X-Men #244 (May 1989). Claremont had earlier introduced a "Jubilee" of sorts in The New Mutants Annual #2 (1986). In that story, Darla of the Fat Boys, after being mentally and biologically warped, uses identical powers to those of the later Jubilation Lee and introduces herself as "Jubilee! Whose every move is a celebration!" In her first appearance Jubilation Lee gives a similar self-introduction: "Actually, my name is Jubilee! 'Cause with me, every day's a celebration!" Darla is returned to normal by the end of The New Mutants Annual #2, and no in-story connection between the characters is ever established.
Jubilee appeared regularly as an X-Men team member in The Uncanny X-Men through issue #280 (Sept. 1991), and later was a staple of X-Men (1991) as a member of the X-Men's Blue Team. During the same timeframe, she also served as Wolverine's sidekick in Wolverine vol. 2 #40–75 (1991–1993).
After the Phalanx Covenant storyline in X-Men #16–17 and The Uncanny X-Men #316–317, Jubilee, who was then a teenager, was transferred to the X-Men trainee squad Generation X and starred in the entire run of Generation X #1–75 (1994–2001). After the dissolution of Generation X, Jubilee returned to the pages of The Uncanny X-Men, first as a member of the X-Corporation (#403–406, 2002), and later as a team member in her own right (#423–437, 2003–2004). Jubilee had a six-issue self-titled limited series in 2004 written by Robert Kirkman, but loses her mutant powers in House of M – The Day After #1 (Jan. 2006). She then adopts the alias Wondra and joins the reconstituted New Warriors in New Warriors vol. 4 #1–20 (2007–2009).
Jubilee is affected with vampirism during the "Curse of the Mutants" in X-Men vol. 3 #1 (July 2010) and remained a sporadic character on that title through issue #27 (April 2012), as well as a supporting character in X-23 vol. 3 (2010–2011). In 2011, she saw print in her second four issue limited series, Wolverine and Jubilee written by Kathryn Immonen and drawn by Phil Noto, as an aftermath follow-up to the Curse of the Mutants storyline. Jubilee later featured as a regular character in the all-female X-Men vol. 4 #1–25 (2013–2015), and as a supporting character in Patsy Walker, a.k.a. Hellcat! (2016). She returned as a main cast member in Generation X vol. 2 #1-9, #85-87 (2017-2018) as the adult mentor to the new teenage main characters, during which she was cured of vampirism and had her mutant powers restored. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mike Brown has been in the wars in recent weeks and he has the scars to prove it. But he insists he is ready to battle for his World Cup starting place and is also determined to inject some much-needed confidence into club-side Harlequins' stuttering season. Twelve months ago Brown concluded a Six Nations campaign that ended with an identical result, a second place in the table behind Joe Schmidt's Ireland. But he was also a winner, edging out retiring legend Brian O'Driscoll to be named player of the tournament, with four tries underlining his commitment to the cause. Mike Brown in action against France in the final Six Nations game of the tournament . This time around, there were no personal accolades to dull the disappointment of a fourth consecutive runners-up place. However, Brown believes the manner of England's memorable 55-35 victory over France is a reason to be optimistic ahead of this autumn's Rugby World Cup. But he refutes suggestions by RFU chief executive Ian Ritchie that another second place was 'unacceptable'. 'I haven't done too much reflecting but it's massively disappointing to end the way that we did,' said Brown, speaking at the Rosslyn Park HSBC National Schools Sevens - the world's largest schools rugby tournament. 'It was great how we went about the game and how we won but it's disappointing that we didn't achieve our goal of winning it. It's the fourth time I've been involved where I've come second but luckily I don't get bitter. Brown was disappointed with how the Six Nations ended, but says there were positives to take . 'We'll keep going as a squad, keep using things like this to develop us. There are still positives to take out of it and we have to look at the bigger picture.' The free-scoring, free-flowing nature of last weekend's classic at Twickenham was compared by many to a rugby league game. Brown is an admitted fan of the 13-man code and Quins famously released a statement titled 'Brown stays with rugby' when he briefly flirted with a switch. However, Brown believes he has done enough in recent weeks to cement his place as Stuart Lancaster's first choice full-back, ahead of rival Alex Goode, who deputised when he missed the defeat in Dublin after picking up a head injury early in the win over Italy. 'I was very happy with my tournament. When I actually played, I thought I did well,' added Brown, who was casting his eye over the next generation of stars at Rosslyn Park – an event that has previously produced the likes of Gareth Edwards, Lawrence Dallaglio, Will Carling, and Ugo Monye. 'I think my game has come on loads this season. Last year it was all about my running game but I think I've shown that my kicking game has come on alongside my passing game and my defensive game. As long as I can keep improving, I will be happy. Brown will not be in action for Harlequins when they face Saracens at Wembley on Saturday . 'It's just a shame that I did take a knock and missed one a three quarter games, including the big one in Ireland. 'We've spoken about competition for places and 15 is definitely one that is strongly contested. Alex did well, unfortunately he was in that losing team against Ireland but he did well with his opportunity. 'Saying that, I don't want to give him too many opportunities – he is a great player so it is good to have that rivalry and push each other in training. 'Maybe before people might have said he had a better kicking game but I think after this tournament, people can see my kicking game isn't too bad either.' Brown and Goode should be going head-to-head at Wembley this weekend when the two sides clash in front of what is expected to be a world record crowd for a club rugby match. Brown talking to young rugby players at the Rosslyn Park HSBC National Schools Sevens . But Brown is sidelined again due to another concussion precaution, after picking up a knock late in the famous win over France. 'We're being a little cautious with that and we're giving it time to recover,' he said. 'After a head knock it's always a big thing to come back playing, especially with two internationals it can be tough. 'I've got next week off because we don't have a game so it's a good two weeks down time. 'It's not been a good campaign for Harlequins and this game could hopefully spark our season. We've worked well at times but we haven't been consistent and don't deserve to be up there. 'That's something to look at in the off season but there's still games to go where we can put ourselves in a good position to be in Europe for next year and that's definitely where we want to be – at the top table of European rugby.' England Rugby Union player, Mike Brown was speaking on behalf of HSBC at the Rosslyn Park HSBC National Schools Sevens where he helped run HSBC coaching clinics for schools during the tournament. For exclusive rugby content, follow @HSBC_Sport . | Mike Brown says England can take plenty of positives from the Six Nations . Brown was happy with his own performance and thinks he has improved this season . Brown now looking to help Harlequins improve their season . |
What the the effects of houseplants? | Houseplants do not have an appreciable effect on the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in normal home environments: it would require between 10 and 1000 houseplants per square meter to achieve the same level of VOC removal as occurs from passive exchange between indoor and outdoor air.
The idea that houseplants have an appreciable effect on indoor air quality is largely based on the Clean Air Study conducted by NASA in the 1980s. The study tested plants in sealed chambers and with highly elevated levels of volatile organic compounds (specifically benzene, trichloroethylene and formaldehyde). It concluded that to the extent that houseplants improve air quality, the mechanism of action is microorganisms within the potting soil, rather than the plants themselves.
Houseplants do have a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in normal indoor environments, reducing carbon dioxide levels by 10-25% and carbon monoxide levels by up to 90%. The effect has been investigated by NASA for use in spacecraft.
Plants also appear to increase the number and diversity of bacteria in homes, while reducing fungal diversity. They tend to increase humidity, reduce temperature swings, and reduce noise.
There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. A critical review of the experimental literature concluded "The reviewed studies suggest that indoor plants can provide psychological benefits such as stress-reduction and increased pain tolerance. However, they also showed substantial heterogeneity in methods and results. We therefore have strong reservations about general claims that indoor plants cause beneficial psychological changes. It appears that benefits are contingent on features of the context in which the indoor plants are encountered and on characteristics of the people encountering them." | There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. Houseplants do have a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in normal indoor environments.
Plants also appear to increase the number and diversity of bacteria in homes, while reducing fungal diversity.They tend to increase humidity, reduce temperature swings, and reduce noise. There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. Indoor plants can provide psychological benefits such as stress-reduction and increased pain tolerance. |
Based on the following paragraph, list the Himalayan peaks that were surveyed and identified during the 19th century. | In 1802, the British began the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India to fix the locations, heights, and names of the world's highest mountains. Starting in southern India, the survey teams moved northward using giant theodolites, each weighing 500 kg (1,100 lb) and requiring 12 men to carry, to measure heights as accurately as possible. They reached the Himalayan foothills by the 1830s, but Nepal was unwilling to allow the British to enter the country due to suspicions of their intentions. Several requests by the surveyors to enter Nepal were denied.
The British were forced to continue their observations from Terai, a region south of Nepal which is parallel to the Himalayas. Conditions in Terai were difficult because of torrential rains and malaria. Three survey officers died from malaria while two others had to retire because of failing health.
Nonetheless, in 1847, the British continued the survey and began detailed observations of the Himalayan peaks from observation stations up to 240 km (150 mi) distant. Weather restricted work to the last three months of the year. In November 1847, Andrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India, made several observations from the Sawajpore station at the east end of the Himalayas. Kangchenjunga was then considered the highest peak in the world, and with interest, he noted a peak beyond it, about 230 km (140 mi) away. John Armstrong, one of Waugh's subordinates, also saw the peak from a site farther west and called it peak "b". Waugh would later write that the observations indicated that peak "b" was higher than Kangchenjunga, but given the great distance of the observations, closer observations were required for verification. The following year, Waugh sent a survey official back to Terai to make closer observations of peak "b", but clouds thwarted his attempts.
In 1849, Waugh dispatched James Nicolson to the area, who made two observations from Jirol, 190 km (120 mi) away. Nicolson then took the largest theodolite and headed east, obtaining over 30 observations from five different locations, with the closest being 174 km (108 mi) from the peak.
Nicolson retreated to Patna on the Ganges to perform the necessary calculations based on his observations. His raw data gave an average height of 9,200 m (30,200 ft) for peak "b", but this did not consider light refraction, which distorts heights. However, the number clearly indicated that peak "b" was higher than Kangchenjunga. Nicolson contracted malaria and was forced to return home without finishing his calculations. Michael Hennessy, one of Waugh's assistants, had begun designating peaks based on Roman numerals, with Kangchenjunga named Peak IX. Peak "b" now became known as Peak XV.
In 1852, stationed at the survey headquarters in Dehradun, Radhanath Sikdar, an Indian mathematician and surveyor from Bengal was the first to identify Everest as the world's highest peak, using trigonometric calculations based on Nicolson's measurements. An official announcement that Peak XV was the highest was delayed for several years as the calculations were repeatedly verified. Waugh began work on Nicolson's data in 1854, and along with his staff spent almost two years working on the numbers, having to deal with the problems of light refraction, barometric pressure, and temperature over the vast distances of the observations. Finally, in March 1856 he announced his findings in a letter to his deputy in Calcutta. Kangchenjunga was declared to be 8,582 m (28,156 ft), while Peak XV was given the height of 8,840 m (29,002 ft). Waugh concluded that Peak XV was "most probably the highest in the world". Peak XV (measured in feet) was calculated to be exactly 29,000 ft (8,839.2 m) high, but was publicly declared to be 29,002 ft (8,839.8 m) in order to avoid the impression that an exact height of 29,000 feet (8,839.2 m) was nothing more than a rounded estimate. Waugh is sometimes playfully credited with being "the first person to put two feet on top of Mount Everest". | The peaks Kangchenjunga and Mount Everest in the Himalayan range were identified by surveys carried out in the 19th century. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | She was a young woman who had her dreams of being a model ruined when she became the victim of an acid attack instigated by her ex-boyfriend in 2008. But fast-forward seven years and Katie Piper has achieved her wildest dreams - and more. She's penned an autobiography, presents the successful Channel 4 show, Bodyshockers, launched an inspirational charitable organisation and took to the runway in Naomi Campbell's recent fashion week show. And now, Katie, 31, is using her success story to help others by creating the first UK fashion catwalk that will include models with visible differences. Scroll down for video . Katie Piper is launching the UK's first catwalk featuring models with visible differences. The event, taking place at The Ideal Home Show, will call on people from her charity foundation as well as members of the public . Launching at the Ideal Home Show this month, Katie is challenging the conventional catwalk with the launch of 'Confidence - The Secret.' Speaking to FEMAIL about the initiative, she said: 'I am working with The Ideal Home Show as a fashion and beauty ambassador to launch a bespoke show with alternative catwalk models chosen from my foundation, the Katie Piper Foundation, and Models of Diversity. It's all incredibly exciting.' The shows, which take place on March 20, 21 and April 3, have a twist. Those appearing on the catwalk will be bravely admitting what their true insecurities are, which aren’t always the obvious anxiety that people assume. Whether it be their height, their weight or colour of their hair, the representatives will be emphasising that what others assume to be their insecurity isn’t always the case. In her role as a fashion and beauty ambassador, Katie (pictured at one of her charity events) will launch a bespoke show with alternative catwalk models chosen from her foundation, the Katie Piper Foundation, and Models of Diversity . Katie, who was left with severe scarring after being attacked in 2008 when her ex-boyfriend employed an accomplice to throw a cup of industrial-strength sulphuric acid in her face, is keen to reveal hers. 'You might look at me and think that's what I would be insecure about it, but it isn't,' she revealed. 'In fact, it's my height; I would love to be a bit taller.' In another UK first, Katie is also offering two people with visible differences the chance to join her catwalk. 'Anyone who would like to grace the catwalk and reveal their true insecurities simply needs to tweet a picture of their insecurity to me with the hashtag #KatiesSecret,' she said. Last month, Katie rocked the runway for Naomi Campbell's Fashion For Relief catwalk show, which she describes as 'a once in a lifetime opportunity' Explaining the inspiration behind the show's name, Katie said: 'It's called Confidence - The Secret because confidence is something you can use to express yourself and convey yourself and it's something I've used through several periods of my life. 'It's not about trying to look and be perfect, it's about a positive mindset and being the best version of yourself that you can possibly be.' Katie, who penned several positive affirmation books during her recovery, says an optimistic outlook is one of her secrets to success. 'I can't express how important positive thinking is,' she said. 'When I was recovering from my attack, I would write lots of little powerful notes and stick them around the room. Before I walk onto the red carpet, I have a mantra and always repeat to myself "inhale confidence, exhale doubt"; it really is so powerful. 'It's all about looking at what you do have and not what you don't.' Katie, who was left with severe scarring after being attacked in 2008, says that despite what people may think, her height is her insecurity and she would love to be a little taller . Katie heeded her own advice recently when she took to the runway for Naomi Campbell's Fashion For Relief catwalk show, which she describes as 'a once in a lifetime opportunity'. Her catwalk coup kicked off what looks set to be a successful year for Katie. She's penning a new book, due out later this month, is working on a third series of Bodyshockers and has been busy growing her charity. If that wasn't enough, Katie is planning her wedding, mothering her one-year-old daughter and training for a triathlon, too. She added: 'No matter what you look like, you can live a full life and that's what I want to show with Confidence - The Secret.' Katie, far right, starred as one of Marks & Spencer's leading ladies in 2013 alongside (L-R) Save the Children chief executive Jasmine Whitbread, actress Dame Helen Mirren, Darcy Bussell, Helen Allen, Karen Elson, Tracey Emin and Monica Ali . Want to join Katie on the catwalk? Enter here: http://www.idealhomeshow.co.uk/katie-piper-comp . | Katie, 31, was attacked with acid in 2008 . Used positive thinking to overcome her insecurities and launch stellar career . Teaming up with The Ideal Home Show to launch catwalk with a difference . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Contrary to reports earlier this season that Barcelona players - and particularly Lionel Messi - were unhappy with head coach Luis Enrique, midfielder Ivan Rakitic has thrown his backing behind his boss, and says the rest of the Barca squad rate him, too. A tough start to the season in La Liga that saw Barca fall away from league leaders Real Madrid had Enrique under pressure within weeks of taking the job, but a brilliant turnaround in form seems to have swung things in his favour. Enrique's charges are now just two points behind Real after clawing back the lead with a run that has seen them drop just eight points from their last 15 league games, and look well set for the Champions League quarter-finals after their 2-1 first leg win away at Manchester City. Ivan Rakitic says Barcelona head coach Luis Enrique has the backing of his players, who see him as the boss . Enrique was under pressure earlier this season and was said to have a difficult relationship with some players . And that transformation looks to have been helped by the attitude of his players who, according to summer signing Rakitic, are all behind their boss. '(Luis Enrique) is the boss and he knows what is best,' the Croatian told Sportske Novosti. 'We all believe in him. 'Our success is in the collective act of all for one and one for all.' Luis Suarez congratulates Rakitic after he scored the opening goal against Granada in a 3-1 win on Saturday . The victory helped to close the gap on Real Madrid and Barca are now in with a shout of silverware . Enrique knows what's best, according to Rakitic, who spoke of the collective Barca group in an interview . Rakitic scored Barca's opener in their 3-1 win over Granada on Saturday to close the gap on Real, who could only draw with Villarreal, but the midfielder says he is making no time to think about the fortunes of the current leaders. 'Today, Real are ahead but the road is a long one,' Rakitic said. 'We just think about ourselves, as there is no need to think about Real. 'We believe that everything is possible.' Lionel Messi later scored in the 3-1 win over Granada to bring Barcelona to 59 points, just two behind Real . A disappointing draw against Villarreal had Real Madrid defender Marcelona looking dejected on Sunday . | Ivan Rakitic has said Barcelona's players 'believe in' Luis Enrique . Lionel Messi was reportedly unhappy with Enrique's management . Barca closed the gap on Real Madrid in La Liga to two points on Saturday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The chilling February murder allegedly committed by a Coast Guardsman from Virginia who drove 600 miles to kill a lesbian servicewoman with whom he was infatuated may have been videotaped. New court documents reveal Adrian Loya, 31, strapped a video camera to his chest before invading the Massachusetts home of Lisa Trubnikova and her wife Anna in early February, shooting them both and killing 31-year-old Lisa. Police say Loya wanted to enshrine the terrified final moments of the woman who, while serving alongside him in Alaska refused to reciprocate his advances, and said as much in a 250-page essay he allegedly left for authorities detailing why Lisa had to die. Scroll down for video . Horrific: The chilling case of accused Coast Guard killer Adrian Loya (center) became all the more shocking after new court documents revealed the 31-year-old allegedly recorded the murder of servicewoman Lisa Trubnikova in order to capture her terrified final moments . According to court documents, Loya had already been recording the couple using a video camera he'd affixed to a tree outside their Cape Cod home. On his own 31st birthday, Loya drove from Chesapeake, Virginia to the Trubnikovas' home in Bourne, police say. Before reaching the home, police say Loya blocked a street with his car and then set it ablaze and scattered fake bombs around it to slow down police. Armed with three rifles and a handgun, Loya then allegedly donned a black mask and the chest camera, shot his way into the house and then confronted the couple in their bedroom. Loya allegedly then ordered the couple to stand and opened fire. Lisa Trubnikova was shot in the legs and torso and killed, reports the Boston Globe. Lisa's wife of just two years was also critically injured, but managed to call 911 and summon police. As he fled the home and zigzagged around their neighborhood, police say Loya opened fire on them.One police officer, Jared MacDonald, was shot in the back. Tragic: Loya is accused of shooting his way into the home of Lisa and Anna Trubnikova and killing Lisa (right), with whom he'd allegedly been infatuated . Documented everything: Loya allegedly left behind a 250-page essay on his reasons for wanting Lisa dead for police to find . Loya would surrender about a half hour later. In his motel room nearby, police would discover face masks, handcuff keys, duct tape, fire-starting material, a survival handbook, a mess kit, a first aid kit, zip ties, a knife sharpener, and other items, reports the Boston Globe. Loya has since been charged with first degree murder and ordered held without bail, though he remains at a facility where he was subsequently sent for a psychiatric evaluation. His attorney J. Drew Segadelli told the Globe there's more to the case than meets the eye. 'This isn't the entire bulk of the evidence,' he said. 'I still think there's some skepticism as I review the police investigation,' However, prosecutors remained confident they had more than enough evidence for the first degree premeditated murder charge to stick. And when police told Lisa's relatives of the incident, their immediate reaction was that Loya had been 'fixated' on Lisa since working with the couple in Alaska. 'He became obsessed,' a family member told the Boston Globe. 'He was fixated on her.' Unthinkable: After driving some 600 miles to the Trubnikovas' home, police say Loya blocked the road to their condo with his car, set is ablaze and then scattered fake bombs to slow down police . Obsessed? Lisa's family says Loya had been obsessed with Lisa since he served with her and her wife in Alaska some years ago . Lisa and Anna, who married two years ago in New York, were stationed at different bases in Massachusetts, and worked together with Loya in Alaska several years ago. Lisa was a Coast Guard Petty Officer 2nd Class of Coast Guard Base Cape Cod, and Anna is a Coast Guard Petty Officer 3rd Class of Coast Guard Sector Southeastern New England. According to Cape and Islands District Attorney Michael O'Keefe, the attack appeared to be calculated. Loya checked into a hotel near the couple's residence two days before the shooting. 'I think there was a significant amount of planning involved,' O'Keefe said. 'He wasn't crazy,' said Lisa's older brother Luis Berlanga. 'He knew what he was doing.' After his arrest, police say Loya told them he killed Lisa 'based upon a prior interaction' that 'made up his mind that he was going to arrive at her residence in Bourne and murder her.' Court documents did not specify what or where that interaction was. Anna Trubnikova survived the attack but is now without her wife after just two years of marriage . | Coast Guardsman Adrian Loya was serving in Virginia when he allegedly drove to Massachusetts to kill Lisa Trubnikova on his 31st birthday . He allegedly pulled a black mask over his face and strapped a video camera to his chest with which to record his obsession Lisa's final moments . New court documents allege Loya laid out his reasons on paper before entering Trubnikova's home, killing her and wounding wife Anna on Feb. 5 . Prior to the slaying, police say Loya blocked a road with his car, set it ablaze and scattered fake bombs to slow down authorities . After the shootings, a shoot out with police went down outside the Trubnikova home in which one cop was shot before Loya was subdued . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ofcom is to canvas the views of thousands of football fans as it probes a complaint by Virgin Media about the way £1.7 billion-a-year Premier League football rights are sold to broadcasters. Armchair supporters and regular match-goers are to be asked for their views as part of the regulator's inquiry. Ofcom also said it would be looking at changes in the prices charged by broadcasters for sports channels. BT Sport share the rights with Sky to broadcast Premier League football throughout the season . The regulator is in the midst of an investigation after Virgin argued that the English top flight screened fewer live matches than other top European leagues, contributing to higher prices for pay-TV packages. In an update published on Monday, it said that its probe continued to progress with no decisions reached at this stage and that it was reviewing consumer research it had recently received from Virgin Media. It added: 'Ofcom will also carry out new consumer research, which will canvas views of fans who attend matches and those who watch them on TV. Thierry Henry (left) and Jamie Carragher are part of the star-studded team Sky Sports employ as pundits . 'It will look at the value viewers place on watching the Premier League. We will also be monitoring changes in retail prices of sports channels as the investigation progresses.' The fans' research will build on views already sought from football bodies, clubs, fans' groups, broadcasters and policing organisations. Virgin had argued that the latest Premier League rights auction should be suspended as Ofcom probed the process, but the regulator declined and allowed the sale to go ahead last month. Virgin Media are unhappy with the way the Premier League sell their rights for such a huge price . It resulted in Sky and BT paying a combined £5.14 billion to screen top-flight games for the 2016-2019 seasons, a 70 per cent increase on the current deal. Ofcom said prior to the auction that there was no 'urgent need' to delay it and that it was carrying out its probe 'expeditiously' given that the auctioned matches will start to be broadcast from August 2016. It said it had the power necessary to alter broadcasting arrangements before this time, should its probe find there had been an infringement of competition rules. | Premier League fans to have the chance to give their views on the way football rights are sold to TV companies like Sky Sports and BT . Virgin Media launched a complaint over the way they are dealt with . Sky and BT paid a combined £5.14billion to screen top-flight games . Click here for all the latest Premier League news . |
Given this text about Battlefield 3 on Wikipedia, what was the included classes you could play as in the game? | Battlefield 3's multiplayer matches see players take on one of four roles: Assault, Support, Engineer and Recon. The Assault class focuses on assault rifles and healing teammates. The Support class focuses on light machine guns and supplying ammunition. The Engineer class focuses on supporting and destroying vehicles. The Recon class focuses on sniping and spotting enemies. The mechanics of the weapons have been changed to utilize the new engine: compatible weapons may have bipods attached which can then be deployed when in the prone position or near suitable scenery, and provide a significant boost to accuracy and recoil reduction. Suppressive fire from weapons blurs the vision and reduces the accuracy of those under fire, as well as health regeneration. The Recon class can put a radio beacon anywhere on the map and all squad members will be able to spawn on the location of the beacon. | In Battlefield 3 you could play as one of four classes: Support, Assault, Engineer, and Recon. They all had different equipment and capabilities. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Unless Manchester City can produce the greatest result in their European history - arguably their entire history - and overturn a 2-1 first-leg deficit against Barcelona on Wednesday night, England faces an embarrassing total wipeout from this season's Champions League. With Paris Saint-Germain dumping Chelsea out last week and Monaco resisting Arsenal's spirited fightback on Tuesday night, we face the prospect of having no Premier League representatives in the quarter-finals. The English charge on the continent halted by mid-March? It never used to be like this, you know. Arsenal's Santi Cazorla is commiserated as Monaco celebrate knocking out the English side on Tuesday . Dejected Chelsea players walk off the field at Stamford Bridge after their Champions League exit to PSG . Joe Hart roars his frustration during Manchester City's first-leg defeat to Barcelona at the Etihad . This graphic showing the English clubs that have reached the Champions League quarter-finals since 2004 . You don't have to flick too far back through the record books to find a time when England ruled in Europe's foremost club competition. The last halcyon days were the three seasons from 2006-07 until the end of 2008-09, when the Premier League supplied 11 of the 24 quarter-finalists. Going back to Liverpool's miraculous triumph in Istanbul in 2005, England has provided eight of the 20 finalists. In the 2006-07 season, Liverpool, Chelsea and Manchester United all made it to the semi-finals. They all repeated the feat 12 months later, with United beating Chelsea on penalties in the Moscow final. In 2008-09, United knocked out Arsenal in the last four, while Barcelona squeezed past Chelsea. Since then, it's been an overall trend of decline. While United were runners-up again in 2011 and Chelsea lifted the trophy in 2012, as well as reaching the semi-finals last season, the English dominance seen during that golden three-year period hasn't been replicated. Chelsea and Manchester United contested the 2008 Champions League final in a golden period for England . Man United met Arsenal in the Champions League semi-finals in the 2008-09 campaign . Chelsea and Liverpool met in the 2008 Champions League semi-finals, with the London club advancing . The mantle has been passed to Spain, who will expect to see Barcelona, Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid in the last four unless paired in the next round. So while the Premier League continues to grow ever-richer, with the astonishing £5.1bn television deal signed earlier this year ensuring record returns for years to come, money doesn't necessarily guarantee success across the board in Europe. Though Chelsea reached the last four a year ago, United exited at the quarter-final stage, while City and Arsenal departed in the last 16. The season 2012-13 was even worse, with United and Arsenal crashing out in the last 16 and Chelsea and City failing to get out of their groups. There isn't one single reason to explain this slump in Premier League performance, but a growing school of thought is that the lack of a winter break is beginning to hold our teams back. Sir Alex Ferguson, Arsene Wenger and Jose Mourinho have always advocated a winter pause and the evidence to support them grows with every passing season. Wayne Rooney and Manchester United were beaten by Bayern Munich in last season's quarter-finals . Lionel Messi scores for Barcelona in their win over Manchester City this time last season . Tomas Rosicky and Arsenal were eliminated by Bayern Munich at the last-16 stage last season . City boss Manuel Pellegrini joined the chorus in an interview with Sportsmail this week, saying: 'December and January are very tough months because of the number of games. 'You reach an important part of the season and you are not in optimum shape because there is no winter break as there is in other countries. 'English football gives other leagues an advantage. There are some traditions you can't change, I realise that. Boxing Day is non-negotiable. But you can't play nine games in December and nine in January. You have to stop at some point.' He has a point. The quantity and intensity of fixtures in England means that no player can emerge from the hectic December and January period firing on all cylinders. It is a time that features vital matches in the Premier League as the title race takes shape, while the leading clubs are increasingly keen to win the FA Cup and League Cup, which might at one time have warranted weakened teams. The leading sides are scared witless of finishing the season empty-handed - even the once-maligned League Cup is now taken seriously. Man City manager Manuel Pellegrini has joined the chorus of managers favouring a winter break . Paris Saint-Germain didn't play a competitive match between December 21 and January 4 . Chelsea played five times during that period, including a 5-3 defeat at Tottenham on New Year's Day . In explaining Chelsea's exit, you might consider that PSG didn't play a single competitive match between December 21 and January 4. In that same time, Chelsea played Stoke City, West Ham, Southampton, Tottenham and Watford. While Monaco broke off after winning at Metz on December 20 and didn't resume until January 4, Arsenal had to play Liverpool, QPR, West Ham, Southampton and Hull City. For both London clubs, the fixtures continued to come thick and fast in the subsequent six weeks before their European ties. There is no respite. And while Manchester City played Crystal Palace, West Brom, Burnley, Sunderland and Sheffield Wednesday, Barcelona were out of action. After cruising into the winter break with an 8-1 rout of Huesca and a 5-0 win over Cordoba, when they resumed, Lionel Messi and Co - after a shock defeat by Real Sociedad - recorded thrashings of Elche (5-0, 4-0 and 6-0) and Deportivo La Coruna (4-0). There is no escaping the reality that Barcelona's matches are far more straightforward than those played by City. Little wonder they had the greater energy at the Etihad. Barcelona had not only a winter break but a reasonably straightforward run of games in January . While football over the Christmas period should be kept sacred, a couple of weeks off in January would not go amiss and would boost English chances of getting through the last-16 stage. The scrapping of FA Cup replays would also be a sensible move. Of course, there was no winter break in England between 2006 and 2009, but English clubs still prospered. This points perhaps to a growing pace and intensity of all domestic games and perhaps a strategic naivety in approaching two-legged ties. Owen Hargreaves, well-placed to compare styles having played for Bayern Munich and United, observed on BT Sport last week that: 'If we got past the first 20 or 30 minutes, we'd probably win the game because the English teams used to come out all guns blazing, the defence would push the team forward and we used to realise if we could keep it at 0-0 we would win. 'In the Premier League, that works, but in Europe the teams are too talented, too good in possession.' Should City exit, as expected, against Barcelona, the debate as to why English clubs no longer reach the latter stages of the Champions League en masse will intensify. There is no definitive answer or quick fix but a breather in English football's ruthless, relentless schedule is an increasingly popular option to give our teams a fighting chance in Europe. | Chelsea and Arsenal are already out of Champions League at last-16 stage . Man City are likely to follow, trailing Barcelona 2-1 after home leg . Liverpool didn't even get through the group phase this season . Premier League clubs' performance has declined in last few seasons . Golden period between 2006-2009 saw England with 11 quarter-finalists . Managers are increasingly calling for winter break to boost chances . All participants have struggled with intense and relentless fixture list . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)I grew up watching "Leave It to Beaver." Most episodes, Ward Cleaver would come home from work in his suit and tie and there would be his wife June, always in the kitchen, her apron as white as the picket fence outside. June made dinner, of course, and Ward and Wally and the Beav sat at the table and ate. As I recall, June usually cleaned up. Maybe once or twice the boys helped with dishes. Maybe. I would watch the black and white show during dinner, sitting on the couch with a plate of food on my lap that had not been prepared by my own mother. My mother was in her generation's first cohort of "working moms." She had a successful career as an executive at AT&T and then Lucent Technologies. She left for work early each morning, but was always home by five or six -- in time to spend time with me, not to cook. My dad also had a full-time job, and across the entirety of my life, I don't recall him so much as opening a can of soup. He's only recently learned to use the microwave. Both my parents worked equally hard, but there was no doubt when I was growing up that cooking was my mom's responsibility -- even if that meant buying prepared meals from the Allentown Farmer's Market, spooning it onto plates, pressing "Power" then "Start." In other words, as I ate my dinner in the 1980s while watching a TV show based on life in the 1950s, it was easy to see that some things had changed and some had not. Life inside the house -- food, dishes, cleaning, tidying, clothing, hygiene -- was my mom's responsibility, just as it was June Cleaver's. Outside the house -- the lawn, the cars, anything made or stored in the garage, sports, bike riding -- that was my dad's domain. And to be clear, when the car would break down, it was a big deal, but one that came up far less frequently than our need for meals and laundry. This daily labor weighed more on my mother. Sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild coined this the "second shift": how even though more and more women started working outside the home, they were still expected to do the same amount of domestic work at the end of the day. Studies say that when it comes to fair division of household labor, gay couples, like my partner and I, generally do a better job. Unfettered by the ready expectations of traditional gender roles, same-sex couples "are more likely than members of heterosexual couples to negotiate a balance between achieving a fair distribution of household labor and accommodating the different interests, skills, and work schedules of particular partners," wrote social scientist Lawrence K. Kurdek. In fact, after a no-doubt bumpy period of adjustment (editorializing from personal experience here), Kurdek wrote, "This pattern of negotiation holds true even when couples have children living with them." In my own family, my partner does most of the laundry, though to be fair that's partly because she's picky about what's washed on what cycle and what gets hung to dry, versus tossed in the dryer. On weekends, she does most of the cooking -- because, she's a better cook and enjoys it more. But I'm faster, so I end up cooking breakfast and dinner most of the weekdays. About 99% of the time, if our bed is made it's because Sarah did it. And 99% of the time, if the dishes are washed, it's because I washed them. Sarah likes to buy groceries because I have a bad habit of buying massive quantities of things we don't need. And she buys our daughter's clothing (same reason). I pay the bills and do our taxes. On weekends and after school we take turns ferrying our 6-year-old to and from activities and play dates. What, you're wondering, about other traditional "male" gender roles in our male-less family? Admittedly, I more often wear pants more than my partner and I more often take on these tasks. When our car breaks, I take it to the mechanic. I load the car up for trips. I put crap in the basement. I smush millipedes. I fix the leaky sink. But I also sew my daughter's Halloween costume every year and sew on buttons when they fall off. Our same-sex family has not so much created new gender role arrangements, but deconstructed such arrangements altogether. I get to smush millipedes and sew costumes, not because of my chromosomes or some pre-determined gender role, but because I enjoy doing so. While I now pay most of our bills online, I find it unbelievably gratifying to put a check in the actual mail. I have a giant, eclectic pile of postage stamps for this reason. It should be noted that the experience of gender roles is highly defined by class. What my partner and I have in common with my parents is the financial ability to have additional help, including, in our case, regular babysitters and a weekly house cleaner. What's more, any conversation about household gender roles would be incomplete without noting that some upper-middle class Americans pay their domestic workers so painfully little that these workers -- predominantly immigrant women of color -- can't afford to put healthy food on their own families' tables, if they even have time to cook between cobbling jobs together to make ends meet. Meanwhile studies show that in working-class straight couples, even where the women work outside the home and the men don't, women still do a disproportionate amount of housework. It seems that in too many situations, no matter the configuration, women are getting screwed. This is partly why LeanIn.Org today launched #LeanInTogether, a public service campaign in partnership with the National Basketball Association and the Women's National Basketball Association emphasizing how men benefit from equality and providing practical tips for men to do their part at home and at work. The campaign encourages men to "show the world they're for equality" and women to "celebrate men leaning in for equality" by posting with the hashtag #LeanInTogether. Patriarchy is not the fault of all men, but it is the responsibility of all men to do something about it. After all, whether you want to blame biology or early economic incentives or the cultural indoctrination of "Leave It to Beaver," men have consistently failed to do their fair share of household labor in America. The solution? More gay households or even sister-wife-type scenarios alone won't transform household gender roles. We have to value household work as work, which means everything from paying domestic workers livable wages to more men cleaning and cooking and teaching their sons that doing so is honorable and equitable, not demeaning. While fairness in gender roles has improved since the era of June and Ward, the subtle and not-so-subtle inequities are still a mess. Men need to shift from expecting or enforcing traditional gender roles to becoming role models for more equitable relationships. In other words, clean it up, fellas -- literally and figuratively. | Sally Kohn: Decades after "Leave It to Beaver," women still shoulder most of housework, childcare . She says a new public service push aims to engage men in sharing these jobs, encouraging young men to do the same . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It's the ultimate compliment for any player to have their talent recognised by their fellow professionals. So, to settle the argument of which is the greatest Premier League XI since it started in 1992-93, Sportsmail has studied every PFA team of the year to find out which players are most highly-regarded by their peers. The results are fascinating – and surprising in some cases too. Legendary Manchester United goalkeeper Peter Schmeichel was selected in only one PL all-star team (1993), as was Dennis Bergkamp (1998) and therefore are well short of being considered for the greatest XI. Peter Schmeichel famously saves a penalty from Dennis Bergkamp in 1999... but neither make the all-time XI . Eric Cantona and Paul Scholes weren't voted for often enough either while Gianfranco Zola – regarded as one of the best players in Chelsea's history – was never picked in a PFA side. Roy Keane and Frank Lampard were picked on fewer occasions than central midfield rivals Steven Gerrard and Patrick Vieira. Likewise, stars like Luis Suarez and Gareth Bale performed too briefly on the Premier League stage to be chosen as often as other players. Based on the number of times they were voted for by their fellow professionals in the PFA Premier team of the season, here is the best XI over the last 23 years. And for Gerrard, heavily criticised after his red card against Manchester United on Sunday, there is some good news – nobody has been picked more often. THE PREMIER LEAGUE ALL TIME XI . EDWIN VAN DER SAR (PFA Team 2007, 2009, 2011) Played in Premier League for: Fulham, Manchester United . Sir Alex Ferguson compared the Dutchman's influence with Peter Schmeichel's after he helped Manchester United return to the top following a period of dominance by Jose Mourinho's Chelsea. Van der Sar was 34 when he joined United from Fulham but it proved to be a master signing, and one that Ferguson admitted he wished he'd made earlier. Van der Sar won three league titles in a row and was the hero of United's penalty shootout win against Chelsea in the 2008 Champions League final, making the match-winning save from Nicolas Anelka. Edwin van der Sar celebrates with his Manchester United team-mates after beating Chelsea in May 2011 . GARY NEVILLE (1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2005, 2007) Played for: Manchester United . The heart of Manchester United's team that dominated English football for two decades and part of the 1999 Treble-winning side. Neville was United's effective leader and club captain off the field well before he eventually wore the armband on it. The right-back for United and England was the most voiceferous member of the famed Class of 92 and since retirement has become a hugely influential figure both as a television pundit and England coach . Gary Neville was a stalwart of the Manchester United side and was named six times in the PFA XI . RIO FERDINAND (2002, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013) Played for: West Ham, Leeds, Manchester United, QPR . A skilful centre half in the continental mould, Ferdinand started at West Ham but was first voted into the Premier League team in 2002 after an excellent season at Leeds United. After impressing at that summer's World Cup, Manchester United paid a £29million transfer fee for Ferdinand, a British record that stood for four years. He became an integral part of Manchester United's success in the 2000s culminating in their Premier League-Champions League double in 2008. Now plays for QPR but is expected to retire at the end of the season . NEMANJA VIDIC (2007, 2008, 2009, 2011) Played for: Manchester United . United's hard-man captain who formed a formidable central defensive partnership with Ferdinand. The Serbia international endured a poor first six months at Old Trafford after arriving from Russian football but went on to become a huge fans' favourite. One of the bravest players seen at Old Trafford, Vidic put his head and body in where others feared to, leading to a number of injuries. When Sir Alex Ferguson left, Vidic signed for Inter Milan, and the incoming manager David Moyes missed his presence. Nemanja Vidic (left) and Rio Ferdinand formed a formidable partnership at the heart of United's defence . ASHLEY COLE (2003, 2004, 2005, 2011) Played for: Arsenal, Chelsea . Considered by many the greatest English left back of all time with more than 100 caps, Cole won the Premier League title with Arsenal and Chelsea with fans in north London not forgiving him for moving to Stamford Bridge. Cole was quick, mobile and had the ability to defend and attack. The controversial decision by Roy Hodgson to leave him out of England's World Cup squad backfired and Cole decided to move abroad where he now plays in Serie A for Roma. One of the few defenders who could get the better of Cristiano Ronaldo in his prime. Ashley Cole (left) gets the better of Cristiano Ronaldo during the 2004-05 season . CRISTIANO RONALDO (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009) Played for: Manchester United . Hard to believe he was only in the Premier League for six years such was the impact he made. He was voted into the PFA team for four seasons in a row before he signed for Real Madrid for a then world-record fee of £80million. There were eyebrows raised when Sir Alex Ferguson sold David Beckham and unveiled an unknown Portuguese teenager. Ronaldo treated Old Trafford to a series of stepovers on his debut and by 2008 was voted World Player of the Year, the only time that honour has gone to someone in the Premier League after Michael Owen in 2001. He has subsequently gone on to scale even greater heights at Real Madrid. Ronaldo was named World Player of the Year during his outstanding Manchester United career . STEVEN GERRARD (2001, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2014) Played for: Liverpool . Indisputably the best player of the Premier League era not to have won the championship, Gerrard is nonetheless regarded as the greatest player in Liverpool's history alongside Kenny Dalglish and was man of the match when he led their comeback in Istanbul to win a fifth European Cup in 2005. Gerrard in his prime was the ultimate box-to-box midfielder, stopping goals, creating goals and scoring goals, often spectacular ones. Will leave Liverpool this summer to join Los Angeles Galaxy in the MLS. No player has been named in the PFA XI more times than Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard (centre) PATRICK VIEIRA (1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004) Played for: Arsenal, Manchester City . Was voted into the PFA team for six consecutive years between 1999 and 2004, an unprecedented spell of dominance in the Premier League era. Vieira was Arsene Wenger's first signing – actually arriving at Highbury shortly before the manager who was tied up with contractual issues in Japan – and was the blueprint for an Arsenal team who set new standards for the whole country. A tall, quick and powerful midfielder, Vieira helped Arsenal win the Double and then succeeded Tony Adams as captain, leading the 2004 Invincibles side that went through an entire season unbeaten. Patrrick Vieira (right) gets in the team ahead of his great rival at Manchester United, Roy Keane (left) RYAN GIGGS (1993, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2009) Played for: Manchester United . Statistically the greatest player in the Premier League, with a record number of titles (13) and appearances (632), Giggs was named six times in the PFA team spanning a period of 16 years. He was a flying 19-year-old winger who had led Manchester United to their first championship for 26 years when he was named in the 1993 all-star side, and a clever 35-year-old central midfield playmaker when he was chosen in 2009. Now assistant manager to Louis van Gaal at United having been interim manager at the end of last season. Ryan Giggs back in 1993, when he was entered in his first PFA XI, 16 years before his last . ALAN SHEARER (1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2003) Played for: Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United . The Premier League's record goalscorer with 260 – more than 70 goals ahead of anyone else, Shearer won the championship with Blackburn Rovers and became the only Premier League player to also be the world's most expensive player when he signed for hometown club Newcastle United for £15million having just finished as leading goalscorer at Euro 96 for England. Shearer could score all types of goals, rocket shots, tap-ins and headers, and following a brief spell as Newcastle's interim manager, is a respected TV pundit. Alan Shearer (left) and strike partner Chris Sutton celebrate after leading Blackburn to the title in 1995 . THIERRY HENRY (2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006) Played for: Arsenal . Added Va-Va-Voom to the English game after Arsene Wenger signed him from Juventus and turned an inconsistent winger into the most lethal centre forward in Europe. Like Vieira, Henry was picked for six consecutive PFA teams and won the Golden Boot for being the leading scorer in the division on four occasions. Rivals Cristiano Ronaldo as being the best Premier League import ever seen and after spells with Barcelona and New York Red Bulls is back in this country, offering his views on the game with Sky Sports. Thierry Henry was named in the PFA Xi an incredible six times in a row between 2001 and 2006 . ..and an unlikely all-star XI. These players all made the Premier League team of the season on one occasion: . Tim Flowers; David Bardsley, Ugo Ehiogu, Thomas Vermaelen, Stig Inge Bjornebye; Nani, Scott Parker, Tim Sherwood, Harry Kewell; Emmanuel Adebayor, Chris Sutton . | PFA Premier League team of the year is voted for by players . Voting currently taking place for this year's XI, which will be the 24th . Sportsmail has revealed the all-time XI based on the most inclusions . Steven Gerrard leads the way having been selected seven times . READ: Which Premier League club is the biggest? Sportsmail's study finally settles football's great debate . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | For PBS science correspondent Miles O'Brien, seeing on film the aftermath of the freak accident that resulted in the amputation of his left arm above the elbow proved more difficult than he had anticipated. He had an early look at the documentary, Miles O'Brien: A Life Lost and Found, narrated by his friend, Dr. Sanjay Gupta. It premieres on CNN next Tuesday at 9pm. 'I was a little bit taken aback by how much it affected me emotionally,' O'Brien said. 'We all want to talk about this linear, analogue thing — here's when you grieve, here's when you do therapy, here's where you get back to work. But that's not how we all live.' Scroll down for video . Amputee: PBS science correspondent Mile O'Brien (center) lost his left arm above the elbow last February after an accident while on assignment in Asia . Alarming diagnosis: A heavy case of equipment fell on his left forearm, casing acute compartment syndrome - a condition where his swollen muscles blocked blood flow in his arm . O'Brien, 55, used to be CNN's top science correspondent until the network laid off his entire unit. He appears on the network as an occasional analyst, such as during coverage of last spring's missing Malaysia Airlines plane, but does most of his freelance work now for PBS NewsHour. He was on assignment for PBS in Japan and the Philippines in February 2014 when a heavy case of equipment fell on his left forearm. It caused a nasty bruise, but not enough to stop O'Brien from working. He wanted to finish his stories and escape for a few days on a beach. The following night, his pain increased and O'Brien sought medical attention. He was diagnosed with acute compartment syndrome, a condition where his swollen muscles blocked blood flow in his arm. As he was getting ready for surgery, he searched the Internet for details on a diagnosis he had never heard before, and grew alarmed when words like 'life-threatening' and 'amputation' popped up. Fateful trip: In Febraury 2014, O'Brien (pictured) traveled to Japan and the Philippines to report on 3D printing when the accident occurred . Illusion: Waking up after the amputation, O'Brien could feel his left arm, but it was only a phantom limb . Denial: O'Brien continued working on his stories after being discharged from the hospital and didn't tell his family back home about the amputation . Waking up after surgery, O'Brien's first inclination was that he caught a break. He could feel his left arm, the fingers on his hand. But it was an illusion, a phantom limb. His arm was gone. He checked out of the hospital two days later and spent more than a week in a Philippines hotel, finishing his PBS stories. In an extreme form of denial, the divorced father of two told no one what had happened, even his children. They were dark days, and he told Gupta he even considered suicide. 'I had never lost an arm before,' he said, drily. 'I wasn't sure how that would go.' Two weeks after the amputation, he wrote in a blog post- typed with one hand with the help of a voice recognition software: 'Life is all about playing the hand that is dealt you. Actually, I would love somebody to deal me another hand right about now — in more ways than one.' During an interview on the Today Show in March 2014, about a month after his accident, O'Brien described what happened to him as 'mind-boggling.' Unstoppable: The 55-year-old reporter has learned how to ride a bicycle one-handed with the help of a special contraption (pictured) O'Brien had never been the sort of person who reached out for help. And he wanted to prove to himself he could move forward and still do his job. When he found out about the amputation through the February blog post O'Brien had written, Gupta was worried. 'I wasn't surprised by Miles' reaction,' he said. 'My concern was, was this his form of therapy or was he delaying the inevitable psychological crash by not dealing with it emotionally?' O'Brien has tried to prove he can maintain his active life beyond work, with some missteps. He started running, but losing an arm affected his balance and he took some nasty spills. He broke his nose one time when he reached to break his fall with an arm that was no longer there. A woman who came upon him was horrified — look what happened to his arm! — and O'Brien had to explain he didn't lose it in the fall. With the help of a prosthetic arm, he completed a 300-mile bike ride to honor his late sister, Gupta pedaling by his side. The licensed pilot has also been testing out how to fly again with his new disability. Growing pains: The divorced father of two has been learning how to perform simple everyday tasks like cutting a bagel and getting dressed on his own . He's learning about the oddities of pain in a phantom limb, how to work with new prosthetics and how to negotiate simple tasks — getting dressed, cutting a bagel — that he never had to think twice about before. When filming the CNN special, O'Brien knew what Gupta was up to when his friend asked him to read on camera some of the emails that Gupta had sent to him a year ago. He was trying to make him cry. It worked. The emotional journey, still not completed, has been one of self-discovery. He's learned that there's no weakness in asking for help. He realizes what loved ones and even strangers think of him, and it has been overwhelming. 'If I had to trade it — that arm for the knowledge and the love that I feel?' he said. 'I'll go with the love. It's a hell of a way to learn a lesson.' | O'Brien, 55, had his left arm amputated above the elbow in February 2014 after a heavy bag fell onto his forearm . He was diagnosed with acute compartment syndrome, a condition where his swollen muscles blocked blood flow in his arm . O'Brien woke up after amputation thinking his arm has been spared because he could feel it, but it was a phantom limb . He didn't tell his family back home what's happened to him and kept working . O'Brien says he had to learn how to perform simple everyday tasks like cutting a bagel or riding a bicycle with just one hand . He broke his nose while jogging when he reached to break his fall with an arm that was no longer there . O'Brien is the subject of a new documentary, Miles O'Brien: A Life Lost and Found, that premieres on CNN March 10 . |
Given this paragraph about stainless steel, which of the two series contains the most nickel content? | There are two subgroups of austenitic stainless steel. 300 series stainless steels achieve their austenitic structure primarily by a nickel addition while 200 series stainless steels substitute manganese and nitrogen for nickel, though there is still a small nickel content. | The 300 series contains the most nickel content. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roy Hodgson's side travel to Turin in search of an eighth consecutive victory ahead of their international friendly date with Italy on Tuesday. England continued their recovery from a disastrous World Cup by defeating lowly Lithuania 4-0 on Friday night to maintain a six-point lead at the top of Euro 2016 qualifying Group E. The Azzurri will have learned who Harry Kane is after the Tottenham striker marked his debut with a goal after only 79 seconds, but who will be the players to watch out for from Antonio Conte's revamped side? Italy striker Eder (centre) celebrates scoring on his debut in Italy's 2-2 draw with Bulgaria on Saturday . Harry Kane (centre) celebrates with team-mates after scoring 79seconds into his England debut . Marco Verratti (Paris St Germain) At 22, the great hope for Italian football. Outstanding in the recent Champions League victory against Chelsea, Conte wants to build a team around his star midfielder . Italy are planning to build a team around PSG's pint sized playmaker Marco Verratti (centre) Eder (Sampdoria) Brazilian-born striker who admits he doesn't know the words to the Italian national anthem. Showed why Conte picked him with an outstanding debut goal to earn The Azzurri a 2-2 draw in Bulgaria on Saturday. Brazilian-born Eder repaid coach Antonio Conte's faith by scoring on his debut against Bulgaria . Graziano Pelle (Southampton) A firm Conte favourite despite failing to score a Premier League goal since December. Pelle is regarded highly for his hold-up play and linking with other players, a strength of the current Italian side. The Southampton striker may not have scored a Premier League goal this year but is admired by Conte . Mirko Valdifiori (Empoli) Set for his Italian debut at nearly 29 after an impressive season for Serie A surprise package Empoli. Midfielder who is similar to Andrea Pirlo, the scourge of England in the past. Mirko Valdifiori, a midfielder in the mould of Andreas Pirlo, is set to make a late introduction to the Azzurri . Franco Vazquez (Palermo) Argentine attacking midfielder who qualifies to play for Italy through his mother's nationality. His inclusion at 26 is a sign that, like England, Italy are struggling to find enough international-class players. Argentine Franco Vazquez (right) is another foreign-born player sparking controversy by his selection . | England meet Italy in an international friendly in Turin on Tuesday night . Three Lions sit top of Euro 2016 Group E following 4-0 defeat of Lithuania . Marco Verratti, Graziano Pelle, Mirko Valdifiori, Franco Vazquez and Eder have been picked out as the Azzurri's danger men . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Tim Sherwood has redrawn the derby battle lines and warned West Brom they will have to improve to end Aston Villa's Wembley dream. The sides face a rematch in the FA Cup quarter-finals on Saturday after Villa's dramatic 2-1 Premier League win on Tuesday. Christian Benteke's last-minute penalty sealed Sherwood's first victory as Villa boss and lifted them out of the Barclays Premier League relegation zone before Wednesday's fixtures. Tim Sherwood appeals to the referee after Matt Lowton was brought down by Ben Foster in stoppage time . Aston Villa manager Sherwood looked to the heavens as his side pressed for a winner against West Brom . And ahead of their second showdown this week, Sherwood is eyeing another derby success. He said: 'Now the cup is the most important one as it's the next one and we want to get to Wembley. West Brom will have to improve to stop us getting there. 'I'm confident I'm telling them the right things to do but there is nothing like a win to cement things. Everyone can see we're improving and the result is massive for us.' Villa have struggled all season and it was only their sixth win of a wretched league campaign, and Sherwood admitted they must forget about their fight against the drop in order to escape it. He said: 'We've got a group of players who are not really suited to a relegation battle, if I'm honest. 'The old-fashioned style is blood and thunder to dig out results so we have to change it. West Brom goalkeeper Foster brings down Villa full back Lowton to give them the match-winning penalty . Christian Benteke (centre left) slots home the last-gasp penalty to hand Villa a crucial win against West Brom . 'We have to play as if we're not in a relegation battle. We have to pass the ball and move and we did that in the first half. It takes bravery to do that, especially against an expectant crowd.' Saido Berahino cancelled out Gabby Agbonlahor's first-half opener before the hosts claimed derby bragging rights after Ben Foster's rush of blood saw him take out Matt Lowton for Benteke's match-winning penalty . Albion boss Tony Pulis did not rise to Sherwood's comments, though, and insisted his side remain focused. 'Did he (say that)? Like I say, we'll take Saturday's game as it comes,' he said. 'I'll have a look at what the squad is like and then we'll go from there. 'They (the fans) might think Wembley and Saturday was more important, it wasn't for me. The next game is always the most important. If Ben didn't make a mistake we'd be very happy.' Sherwood said he would rather take the three points than his wife win the EuroMillions jackpot . | Aston Villa beat West Brom 2-1 on Tuesday night in the Premier League . The two teams face each other in the FA Cup quarter-finals on Saturday . Tim Sherwood is eager to get his team to Wembley in the FA Cup final . 'West Brom will have to improve to stop us getting there,' he said . |
Given a reference text about Nicholas Theodore, tell me where he went to medical school and what he is known for. | Nicholas Theodore is an American neurosurgeon and researcher at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He is known for his work in spinal trauma, minimally invasive surgery, robotics, and personalized medicine. He is Director of the Neurosurgical Spine Program at Johns Hopkins and Co-Director of the Carnegie Center for Surgical Innovation at Johns Hopkins.
Dr. Theodore graduated from Cornell University, where he was the recipient of a Cornell Tradition Academic Fellowship. He attended medical school at Georgetown University, where he graduated with honors. After completing his internship at Bethesda Naval Hospital, Dr. Theodore served as a Senior General Medical Officer with the United States Marine Corps in Okinawa, Japan.
Dr. Theodore completed his neurosurgical residency and a fellowship in spinal surgery at the Barrow Neurological Institute. After completing his residency in 2001, he served as Chief of the Division of Neurosurgery at Naval Medical Center San Diego, overseeing the largest neurosurgery complement in the Navy.
In 2003, Dr. Theodore joined the faculty at the Barrow Neurological Institute, and assumed the position of Director of Neurotrauma. In 2004 he was appointed Associate Director of the Neurosurgery Residency Program at Barrow. The Neurosurgery Residency Program at Barrow is the largest in the United States, training four residents per academic year, for a total of 28 residents. In 2009 he became the Chief of the Spine Section at the Barrow Neurological Institute and was appointed the Volker K.H. Sonntag Chair in 2015. In 2016 he became the second Donlin M. Long Professor of Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Dr. Theodore also holds professorships in Orthopedics and Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins. He is also actively involved in the area of preventative medicine within neurosurgery. He has been associated with the ThinkFirst Foundation for several years, having served as the foundation’s Medical Director and President. In 2017, Dr. Theodore was appointed to the National Football League’s Head, Neck and Spine Committee, of which he became Chairman in 2018. In 2020, Michael J. Fox revealed in his memoir that Dr. Theodore performed a risky but successful surgery on him to remove an ependymoma in Fox’s spinal cord. | Nicholas Theodore went to medical school at Georgetown University and is known for his work in spinal trauma, robotics, minimally invasive surgery, and personalized medicine. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Russian prosecutors are examining shocking footage of a football coach kicking a seven-year-old boy in the air during a Lokomotiv Moscow youth match. Valentin Pavlov claimed he was teaching the boy how to kick the ball properly after he failed to show enough commitment in a tackle against Brateevo Moscow. He then ordered the frightened child to get back into the game. In the video, Valentin Pavol can be seen calling the seven-year-old player over to the sideline during training . He kicks out at him in what he later claimed was an attempt to teach him how to use his feet more 'robustly' The boy is sent flying into the air by the forceful kick which has outraged Russia . The boy twists in the air before landing on his back as another child, far right, watches on in horror . The Moscow Football Federation has branded the training drill incident 'outrageous' The powerful Investigative Committee, equivalent of the FBI, is deciding whether to bring charges for cruelty against Pavlov, but the coach claims his kick looked worse than it was. The Moscow Football Federation branded the incident 'outrageous'. 'I was explaining to the child how to use his foot in a more robust manner,' claimed the coach, who claimed the camera was at the wrong angle. 'I started showing him - and just then the child jumped. So I sort of touched him, and he flipped in the air. 'Of course, there was not even a slightest intention to hurt him. This is a coincidence. 'He fell down in a theatrical manner so that it looked like he was hurt. The person who filmed it was lucky to catch this angle.' Left, Valentin Pavlov, the coach who denies kicking Eugene Efimov (right) with the intent of hurting him . Pavlov is the father of two daughters, one of whom plays in his team, and he claimed he filmed his club Maximum-Brateevo's training sessions as proof there was no undue physical force or beating of children. While he did not apologise to the boy after the kick, he claims he has done so since. The footage has caused outrage in Russia, but it was unclear today whether the boy's parents have complained. Without a complaint, the Investigative Committee may not take further action. After the boy got back to his feet, Mr Pavlov then appeared to order him back into the game . | Russian prosecutors are examining shocking footage of coach and player . The video shows Valentin Pavlov kicking the boy, aged 7, into the air . He can then be seen ordering frightened child back into the training drill . Mr Pavlov claimed he was showing the boy how to use his foot 'robustly' He added: 'So I sort of touched him, and he flipped in the air' Russia's Investigative Committee is considering laying charges of cruelty . |
When would a railway be considered a heritage railway? | A heritage railway or heritage railroad (US usage) is a railway operated as living history to re-create or preserve railway scenes of the past. Heritage railways are often old railway lines preserved in a state depicting a period (or periods) in the history of rail transport. The British Office of Rail and Road defines heritage railways as follows:...'lines of local interest', museum railways or tourist railways that have retained or assumed the character and appearance and operating practices of railways of former times. Several lines that operate in isolation provide genuine transport facilities, providing community links. Most lines constitute tourist or educational attractions in their own right. Much of the rolling stock and other equipment used on these systems is original and is of historic value in its own right. Many systems aim to replicate both the look and operating practices of historic former railways companies. | Generally speaking, a railway can be considered a heritage railway when it assumes the appearance, characteristics, and operations of that railway from a period(s) in its past. These railways are often old and have been intentionally preserved to maintain its operating practices from prior times, purposely keeping equipment and processes original to a period in the past. Many of these heritage railways are preserved for educational purposes or as tourist attractions. |
Given a reference text about Amanecer, who made the album and what viral song did it include? | Amanecer is an album by Bomba Estéreo. It earned Bomba Estéreo a Latin Grammy Award nomination for Best Alternative Music Album and a Grammy Award nomination for Best Latin Rock, Urban or Alternative Album. It peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart. It was also considered the best Latin album of 2015 by Rolling Stone.
It includes the viral hit "Soy Yo", which features Costa Rican child star Sarai Gonzalez, and received over 109 million views on YouTube. The song and video were called a "celebration of self and a symbol of proud Latinidad" and "an ode to brown girls". | Bomba Estéreo made the album Amanecer. The album includes the viral song "Soy Yo". |
What are the places McCaw travelled to capture movements of the Sun?
List them in a comma separated format. | McCaw was born in Daly City, California, in 1971. He has a BFA from the Academy of Art College in San Francisco.
McCaw is known for his large-format homemade cameras in which he uses expired gelatin silver photo paper and long exposures to make solarized paper negatives which often include the burned path of the sun within the frame, in a series named Sunburn. McCaw travels to remote places to capture different apparent movements of the sun, including the Arctic Circle in Alaska, the Galápagos Islands and the Mojave Desert. McCaw's earlier work used a 7×17 inch view camera to create large-format negatives from which he made platinum prints. Projects following Sunburn include work with a modified Cirkut camera, resulting in exposures that can take more than 24 hours. A series titled Poli-optic employs a homemade camera with a grid of lenses. Finally, the series Heliograph includes work in which there are multiple exposures of the sun on the same paper negative. | Arctic Circle in Alaska, the Galápagos Islands, the Mojave Desert. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It's fair to say that Mario Balotelli hasn't quite hit the ground running at Liverpool, and according to his agent that could be down to his struggle to cope with the high demands of manager Brendan Rodgers. Balotelli has scored just one Barclays Premier League goal this season - and cryptically revealed on Wednesday that 'someone doesn't like me'. And his agent Mino Raiola says Rodgers is asking more of him than any other manager has done in a career that has seen him work under the likes of Jose Mourinho and Roberto Mancini. Mario Balotelli has spent a fair amount of time on the bench after finding it tough to meet expectations . Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers asks Balotelli to track back, something he has never been asked to do . 'Right now, I think Mario has a very interesting development for his career,' Raiola said. 'He has found a coach who asks of him things that had never been requested of him until now, including the discipline of running without the ball. But Raiola sees the challenge issued to Balotelli as a positive - despite the expectation that he will be cast off by the Anfield club in the summer. 'This allows him to grow as a person and as a football player,' Raiola told RMC. 'He'll come out even stronger.' Balotelli is again expected to start on the bench when Liverpool face Blackburn Rovers in their FA Cup quarter-final on Sunday. Balotelli looks towards Rodgers as he is subbed off in Liverpool's defeat against Besiktas in Turkey . The Italian striker heads down the tunnel at Anfield ahead of another appearance on the bench on Wednesday . Balotelli celebrates scoring a penalty in the first leg against Besiktas but his Premier League form is lacking . | Mario Balotelli has scored just one goal for Liverpool in the Premier League . Agent says Brendan Rodgers demands more of him than other managers . Rodgers asks Balotelli to track back and be involved in pressing game . READ: Balotelli claims 'someone doesn't like me' in cryptic message . CLICK HERE for all the latest Liverpool news . |
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