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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Nico Rosberg has taken his preparations for the Malaysian Grand Prix to a whole new level after climbing to the top of one of the giant Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur. The Mercedes star, who finished second in the opening race of the season in Australia, filmed himself and some friends making their way up the 88-floor building on foot. Rosberg and his pals managed all 2,170 steps to reach the top of the 1,483 foot building, leaving them with amazing views over the Malaysian capital. VIDEO Scroll down to see Nico Rosberg climb one of the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur . Nico Rosberg and his friends pose in front of the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . The Mercedes driver films himself and his friends climbing the 2,170 steps to the top of tower . Rosberg (left) makes his way towards the top of the building - which was the tallest in the world until 2004 . The German appears determined to get himself in the best possible shape for Sunday's Grand Prix after finishing behind rival Lewis Hamilton on March 15. But the gruelling climb to the top of the Petronas Towers - which were the world's tallest buildings between 1998 and 2004 - remains a far cry from Rosberg's perfect day. Speaking about his ideal way to spend 24 hours, he told The Daily Telegraph: 'My wife and I would be alone in our place in Monaco. She would make me some healthy pancakes before we go off on our bikes for an hour and have lunch on the beach. Rosberg shows off an amazing view of Kuala Lumpur after reaching the top of one of the Petronas Towers . Rosberg takes his place on the podium after finishing second in the Australian Gran Prix earlier this month . The German will be looking to go one better when he races in the Malaysian Grand Prix this weekend . 'We’d take an afternoon nap and, as the sun sets, we’d take the car through the mountains. And then in the evening I’d mess around looking at old cars in magazines and have dinner cooked by my wife at home using the fresh vegetables from our biogarden. 'And then we’d fall asleep watching an educational documentary. I need to do this day really soon.' | Mercedes' Nico Rosberg will race in the Malaysian Grand Prix on Sunday . The German warmed up by climbing one of the Petronas Towers . The towers in Kula Lumpur have 88 floors and are 1,483 feet high . Rosberg finished second in the opening race of the season . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Paul Ince says son Tom would love to play for England in the future and insists the decision to make himself unavailable for the Under 21s was taken for the good of his career. In an exclusive interview with Sportsmail, the former England captain – who has 53 caps – has hit back at claims Tom ‘snubbed’ his country and that his international career is in ruins. Gareth Southgate revealed on Thursday that the Hull winger – currently on loan at Derby – had told him he did not want to be considered for this summer’s European Championships. Tom Ince has been left out of the latest England Under 21 squad by Gareth Southgate at his own request . Ince (right) is currently on loan from Hull City at Championship side Derby County . The Three Lions boss said he was ‘surprised and disappointed’ following conversations with the 23-year-old and his father, his former England team-mate. But Ince Snr says his son needs a period of rest if he is to get his career in the Premier League back on track – and that is their prime focus heading into next season. ‘Tom has played 18 times for the Under 21s and really enjoyed it and found it beneficial – so this is not a snub, that’s rubbish,’ said Ince, who was England’ s first black skipper. ‘He is 23 years of age and has already played in the Euros in Israel. He has experienced that, which was great. ‘If he was 20 years old we would not be having this conversation, he would be going to the Euros, no doubt about it. ‘But the last year or so from a club point of view has been difficult for him. He’s been all over the place. He went to Hull last summer and has then been on loan at Forest and Derby, where he’s doing well now. ‘We forget that he had three years at Blackpool pretty much playing by himself at a young age, and that had an effect. ‘He needs to get a good rest and make sure he is ready to go next season. He needs to start finding some stability. He needs to get himself in a position to play regular football in the Premier League.’ England captain Paul Ince has his head bandaged and shirt covered in blood during a World Cup qualifier against Italy in Rome in 1997 . Ince (right) played under his father Paul while at Blackpool in the Championship . The aim, then, is to make an impact at the KC Stadium next season before bidding for a senior call-up with England. ‘Listen, Tom has not snubbed his country. It is the pinnacle of a player’s career to represent your country,’ Ince added. ‘I was captain and am immensely proud of my 53 caps. ‘Gareth Southgate said we should be aware of the repercussions. I don’t agree. If Tom is playing regularly next year for Hull and scoring goals like he is for Derby, then he would love to get an England call-up. ‘And if he is doing that I see no reason why Roy Hodgson shouldn’t call him up. He’s got a good young squad and Tom would love to be part of it in the future. ‘But first of all he needs to get his club career in order. We have looked at the bigger picture. He needs a steady period and he needs to hit the ground running next season. Ince (second right) celebrates with goalscorer Harry Kane (right) during the U21 clash with France last year . Gareth Southgate said Ince should be aware of the repercussions following his decision . ‘If he makes his mark at Hull next year then hopefully we’ll see the benefit of this decision. ‘So there is no way I’m saying to Tom, “Don’t play for England”. As a father I would love my son to do what I did and play for his country. ‘There are other kids coming through who are 20 and 21 and they will be at the tournament - Tom is 23. ‘And don’t forget he could also be in the play-offs with Derby, as he was with Blackpool. There would be no time for rest. ‘We have to be careful and think about the future.’ | Tom Ince made himself available for England Under 21 side . Father Paul insists his son made the decision for his career . 23-year-old Ince currently on loan at Derby County from Hull . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Just when you didn't think Republicans could top themselves in finding ways to disrespect the President of the United States, on Monday, 47 Republican Senators -- that is, all but seven -- sent a letter to Iran that appeared aimed at scuttling President Obama's diplomatic efforts to prevent Tehran developing nuclear weapons capacity. The move comes on the heels of House Republicans inviting Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to address Congress -- without even informing the White House of the plan to issue an invitation. But this latest measure went a step further, seeing Republicans in Congress literally stepping on the constitutional toes of the executive branch and formally intruding on U.S. diplomacy. Under the Logan Act passed by Congress way back in 1799, U.S. citizens are prevented from influencing "disputes or controversies" involving the United States and a foreign government, without express authority to do so. Now, it appears the Iran letter was carefully drafted by Sen. Tom Cotton, a smart constitutional lawyer, to come as close as possible to the line of legality without crossing it, specifically by not explicitly taking a position against the Iran negotiations. Yet the intent to interfere with the executive branch is clear. It's one thing for Congress to demand it ratify such a deal (as Democrats did in 2002 when President Bush negotiated arms reductions with Russian President Vladimir Putin). But it's something else entirely to undermine the authority of the White House by sending a partisan letter to a foreign government (something Democrats didn't do with Russia). Sadly, this is only the most recent and extreme example of dishonor and disrespect. In the Washington Post, columnist Jonathan Capehart recently outlines what he sees as the top six instances of disrespect toward President Obama. His list includes the example of former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani saying, "I do not believe that the President loves America." Also on Capehart's list are the time a reporter from the conservative Daily Caller website interrupted the President during remarks at the White House about immigration reform in 2012, and the time South Carolina congressman Joe Wilson, a Republican, heckled the President during his speech to a joint session of Congress about health care reform. (Wilson shouted "You lie!" in response to remarks by the President that, it should be noted, were in fact quite true). And there are plenty more examples of Republican slights against President Obama. Most famously, there was the widespread questioning of Obama's citizenship and academic credentials that included signs at conservative rallies describing Obama as a "lyin' African." And there was the Republican women's group that created an image of "food stamp dollars" with Obama's face on them (as well as a bucket of KFC and watermelon). There was also Republican presidential candidate and former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich decrying Obama's "Kenyan, anti-colonial behavior." Plus there was then-Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer waving her finger at President Obama when she greeted Air Force One on the tarmac. Brewer later alleged she "felt a little bit threatened" by the President. Taken as a whole, this list suggests a troubling pattern of profound disrespect for the President. But more than this, it seems to reflect an anti-Obama fever that has gripped the Republican Party -- one that the letter to Iran suggests shows no signs of breaking, and is a sure sign of sickness in the Republican Party. Is the lack of respect being shown toward President Obama about race, as some have suggested? Yes and no. Certainly, for a segment of the country, it really is about being uncomfortable with a black president. Indeed, even former Secretary of State Colin Powell, a Republican, noted what he described as a "dark vein" of intolerance in the party and parts of the country in general. But beyond that hopefully shrinking share of the population that is explicitly racist, there is a far wider issue of implicit racial bias -- an unconscious, yet nonetheless real tendency, to subject President Obama to extra scrutiny because of the color of his skin. None of this is to suggest that all of the criticism aimed at President Obama stems from implicit racial bias. But such bias appears to be a factor in the ease and extremity of disrespect aimed at America's first black president. And this disrespect mirrors the disrespect shown against black Americans in general. "Honorable people can disagree over policy," Vice President Joe Biden said in a statement Tuesday. Yes, and they should do so honorably. Whatever Republicans' gripes about President Obama's vision and leadership, the party and its followers are too often expressing their critiques in an ugly way. And that rampant pattern of disrespect -- for any fellow human being, let alone the president of the United States of America -- is what truly undermines the principles and values of our nation. | On Monday, 47 Republican senators sent an open letter to Iran . Sally Kohn: Only most extreme example of dishonor and disrespect . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manor team principal John Booth concedes his marque 'have a lot of work to do' after their weekend was saved by the Malaysian Grand Prix stewards. After emerging from administration in February and being forced to sit out the season-opening race in Australia due to IT infrastructure woes, the South Yorkshire-based team will race in Malaysia. However, rookie Roberto Merhi failed to set a time within the 107 per cent rule for qualifying, whilst team-mate Will Stevens did not even take to the track due to a fuel system issue. Roberto Merhi failed to post a time within the 107 per cent rule but will be allowed to race in on Sunday . Manor Marussia drivers Stevens (left) of Great Britain and Roberto Merhi of Spain . The stewards, though, granted both drivers dispensation to take part in the race at the Sepang International Circuit due to them setting 'satisfactory times in practice'. Manor's return to competitive action was always going to be an uphill struggle, and so it has proven, with Merhi and Stevens some way off the pace of those cars directly ahead of them. Assessing the situation, Booth said: 'We knew our first weekend of running would not be without its challenges. 'Although we had a positive day on Friday, it has been important to keep our expectations for qualifying in check. 'Our two drivers have done a solid job and Friday's practice showed promise in terms of having the pace for the 107 per cent time. But today underlined we have a lot of work to do.' Will Stevens failed to emerge from the garage, pictured here in practice on Friday, following mechanical woes . Manor team principal John Booth concedes they 'have a lot of work to do' this season after difficult start . Essex-born Stevens has now attended two grands prix with Manor, but has yet to take part in qualifying. Being in the race, however, at least affords Manor and the drivers the opportunity to make progress. 'Obviously I was very disappointed not to take part in qualifying,' said Stevens. 'In FP3 we had a fuel system problem and we were trying to resolve that, but sadly we weren't able to get on top of it in time for me to take part. 'Looking at the positives, as we always try to do, the practice sessions showed promise and my times were within the 107 per cent throughout Friday. 'Step by step we'll get there.' | F1 team Manor to start Sepang race after missing first race of season . Roberto Merhi and Brit Will Stevens granted dispensation by stewards . Team principal John Booth admits team 'have a lot of work to do' |
Where was the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships held? | The 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championships for track cycling in 2018. They took place in the Netherlands at the Omnisport Apeldoorn from 28 February to 4 March 2018. | The UCI Track Cycling World Championships were held in Omnisport Apeldoorn velodrome, in the Netherlands. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Federal and local authorities are investigating a deadly shooting by a U.S. Border Patrol Agent in Washington State. The U.S. Customs and Border Protection said the agent fired when a suspected "illegal border crosser" assaulted him during a patrol along the U.S.-Canadian border on Thursday. The reported shooting happened near the Huntington Border Crossing which connects the cities of Sumas, Washington, and Abbotsford, British Columbia. It is one of several area border crossings between the U.S. and Canada and is located east of Bellingham, Washington, and Vancouver, British Columbia. The Bellingham Herald newspaper, citing police radio dispatches, said the man was struck in the head. "The agent had been hit by pepper spray but wasn't seriously injured, according to police radio traffic," the newspaper said. The shooting apparently happened on an east-west road less than 1,000 feet from the border. Video from CNN partner CTV Network showed a covered body lying on the roadway, surrounded by police and investigation vehicles. The Border Patrol agent and the shooting victim have not been identified. The FBI and Whatcom County Sheriff's Office are assisting in the investigation. CNN's Tina Burnside, Greg Morrison and Christine Sever contributed to this report . | Officials: Agent fired when a suspected illegal border crosser assaulted him . Incident happened along U.S.-Canada border . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)It was nothing if not predictable. Take combustible issues like religion and sexuality, stir in a new law and talk of a boycott, then -- boom! -- the debate on social media explodes. And so it has proved with Indiana's new "religious freedom" law, signed Thursday by Gov. Mike Pence. The new law could allow businesses to turn away gay and lesbian customers if serving them would contravene the business owner's religious beliefs. Supporters of the bill say it protects their right to believe as they choose. Opponents say it is nothing but bigotry dressed up as liberty. The debate is nothing if not vitriolic. And colorful, too. "Libs SHUTUP," reads one tweet, which goes on to assert that Indiana's "Relgious Freedom Restauration Act (sic)" is modeled on federal legislation signed by President Bill Clinton in 1993. People on the other side of the debate are equally emphatic -- and, it seems for the moment, more numerous. Some have likened the new law to permitting businesses to discriminate against black people, if perchance their religion dictated that. Others say that Indiana seems out of step with modern times. And then there is the business reaction -- both the nascent boycott from outside the state and the rush by some businesses inside the state to declare that, law or no law, they have no intention of turning anyone away. "My team just canceled travel to IN due to the #ReligiousFreedomRestorationAct," tweeted a user under the name Mark C Somerville, who says he works for @salesforce. "We stand against discrimination." And a tweet from a the St. Elmo Steak House, a business in Indianapolis, the state's capital and its largest city, pledged in capital letters to continue serving ALL. The word Freedom should only be used when it's inclusive and fair for all. Supporters of the law, however, made it clear what they thought opponents should do with their proposed boycott. "Before you go and get too self-righteous w/ your #BoycottIndiana," a user called Caleb Parke tweeted, "@GovPenceIN is protecting #religiousfreedom for EVERYONE! #EqualRights." | Social media supporters of Indiana's "religious freedom" bill say it protects their right to hold their own beliefs. Opponents of the bill say its "freedom" is a cover for bigotry against gays and lesbians. Some Indiana businesses tweet that they will continue to serve all customers, regardless of orientation. Some users take to social media in attempt to organize boycott of Indiana . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Between them, they could do some damage in their prime and look like they still could as Arnold Schwarzenegger posed with Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson and UFC queen Ronda Rousey. Arnie - a seven-time Mr Olympia, three-time Mr Universe and ex-governor of California - was at Wrestlemania when he got a photograph with the pair and uploaded it to Instagram. The Rock and Rousey even got involved in the action, taking to the ring with Triple H as the undefeated women's bantamweight champion lifted the wrestler and threw him over her shoulder. Arnold Schwarzenegger (centre) poses with Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson and UFC queen Ronda Rousey . The Rock and Rousey even got involved in the Wrestlemania action, taking to the ring with Triple H . Schwarzenegger wrote with the snap: 'Great to see you two tonight at Wrestlemania. The Rock, you're looking lean and mean, my friend. Ronda Rousey, you look ready to win another three championships in a row.' Despite getting involved, Rousey is unlikely to swap UFC for WWE as her appearance was part of a recent media tour in the United States. She featured on Jimmy Fallon last week, and demonstrated her ability to make opponents tap using her trademark armbar on the talk show host. 'They call you the arm collector because you almost snap people's arms in half when you're fighting,' Fallon said. 'If they don't say the right word, their arm is getting broken.' Like Fallon, Triple H almost found that out too by the looks of things. UFC queen Rousey begins to demonstrate her armbar on talk show host Jimmy Fallon last week . Fallon mistakenly asked the undefeated women's bantamweight champion about her trademark move . Rousey appeared on Fallon's talk show as she makes a media tour to get herself known in the United States . | The Rock and UFC queen Ronda Rousey featured at WWE Wrestlemania 31 . Rousey posed with Arnold Schwarzenegger and Dwayne Johnson . Schwarzenegger: 'The Rock, you're looking lean and mean, my friend' The seven-time Mr Olympia and three-time Mr Universe added: 'Ronda Rousey, you look ready to win another three championships in a row' Rousey, the undefeated women's bantamweight champion, has been on a media tour in the United States recently . |
Tell me about the life and career of Alison Calder | Alison Calder (born 21 December 1969) is a Canadian poet, literary critic and educator.
Life and career
Calder was born in London, England on 21 December 1969 and grew up in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. She studied at the University of Saskatchewan, where she earned a BA, and at the University of Western Ontario where she earned an MA and a PhD in English Literature. She was also a Distinguished Junior Scholar in Residence at the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies, University of British Columbia.
In 2004, she won the RBC Bronwen Wallace Award for Emerging Writers.
She wrote a collection of essays in 2005 called History, Literature, and the Writing of the Canadian Prairies which examines literary critism.
Her debut collection of poetry was called Wolf Tree and was published in 2007. It won the 2008 Aqua Books Lansdowne Prize for Poetry and the Eileen McTavish Sykes Award for Best First Book by a Manitoba Author at the 2008 Manitoba Book Awards. It was a finalist for the Pat Lowther Memorial Award and the Gerald Lampert Memorial Award. Her second collection, In the Tiger Park, was published in 2014 and was a finalist for the Lansdowne Prize for Poetry.
She also co-wrote the chapbook Ghost Works: Improvisations in Letters and Poems, with Jeanette Lynes.
She lives in Winnipeg, Manitoba and works at the University of Manitoba where she teaches literature and creative writing. She is married to writer Warren Cariou. | Alison Calder (born 21 December 1969) is a Canadian poet, literary critic and educator.
Calder was born in London, England on 21 December 1969 and grew up in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. She studied at the University of Saskatchewan, where she earned a BA, and at the University of Western Ontario where she earned an MA and a PhD in English Literature. She was also a Distinguished Junior Scholar in Residence at the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies, University of British Columbia.
In 2004, she won the RBC Bronwen Wallace Award for Emerging Writers.
She wrote a collection of essays in 2005 called History, Literature, and the Writing of the Canadian Prairies which examines literary critism.
Her debut collection of poetry was called Wolf Tree and was published in 2007. It won the 2008 Aqua Books Lansdowne Prize for Poetry and the Eileen McTavish Sykes Award for Best First Book by a Manitoba Author at the 2008 Manitoba Book Awards. It was a finalist for the Pat Lowther Memorial Award and the Gerald Lampert Memorial Award. Her second collection, In the Tiger Park, was published in 2014 and was a finalist for the Lansdowne Prize for Poetry.
She also co-wrote the chapbook Ghost Works: Improvisations in Letters and Poems, with Jeanette Lynes.
She lives in Winnipeg, Manitoba and works at the University of Manitoba where she teaches literature and creative writing. She is married to writer Warren Cariou. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Former Chelsea keeper Carlo Cudicini has joined the Republic of Ireland Under 21s coaching staff for Thursday's European Under 21s Championship qualifier against Andorra. The 41-year-old, who also played for AC Milan and Tottenham, will fill the vacancy left by the retired Alan O'Neill after completing his UEFA B Licence with the Football Association of Ireland. Manager Noel King said: 'Carlo Cudicini is coming in to the do the goalkeepers initially. We'll see how it goes and work together to try and win the game obviously. Former Chelsea goalkeeper Carlo Cudicini has joined the Republic of Ireland Under 21's coaching staff . 'His experience will be a great help to us. It won't be just goalkeeping - we'll include him as we do with all our staff in the preparation. We'll value his views and hopefully that'll add strength to us. 'We're thankful to Alan O'Neill, who has been with us and the Association for a great number of years and has been a great servant. 'He has to move on due to work commitments, and we'll look forward to a successful time with Carlo.' The 41-year-old (right) also had spells at AC Milan, LA Galaxy and Tottenham (pictured in April 2012) | Republic of Ireland Under 21s play Andorra on Thursday . Ex-goalkeeper Carlo Cudicini completed his UEFA B Licence with the FAI . 41-year-old had playing spells at AC Milan, Chelsea and Tottenham . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The charity race at Cheltenham is supposed to be all about the taking part - except when serial winners Sir Alex Ferguson and multi-champion trainer Paul Nicholls are involved. Co-owner Fergie and Nicholls were so keen for the Ditcheat trainer’s head lad Clifford Baker to ride the winner that his fancied mount Rainy City, who cost £100,000, had exploited the grey areas of eligibility for the last race on the Festival card yesterday. The regulations, confirmed by a Cheltenham spokeswoman, state that horses in the line-up should all have been given an average BHA rating to ensure a competitive race. Sir Alex Ferguson (right) and Paul Nicholls (left) were at Cheltenham to watch Rainy City finish fifth . Yet Rainy City, who is highly thought of in the Nicholls yard, had no BHA rating, and rival jockeys were concerned that Fergie’s horse was far superior to the rest of the field. The get-out clause buried in the fine print was that any horse without a rating could be handicapped by Cheltenham at their discretion. In the event, Rainy City finished an outpaced fifth, having led for most of the 1m 5f. Nicholls said: ‘Of course we wanted to win. But it’s a charity race and we entered to give Clifford a ride.’ Arena Racing Company, who own racecourses that stage 40 per cent of UK fixtures, still chose to hold their annual drinks party during Cheltenham, even though it is not one of their tracks. ARC are owned by the Reuben brothers, the billionaire property developers who have caused serious upset by closing down popular racecourse Hereford and moving its meetings to the over-raced Chepstow and Uttoxeter tracks. Hereford is now empty most of the time as part of a long-term property play between the local council and the Reuben brothers, who are never seen at the races. Arena Racing Company were among many companies hosting their annual drinks at Cheltenham . It doesn’t say much for the commitment to developing homegrown cricket talent that England selector Mike Newell, in his other role as Nottinghamshire’s director of cricket, has signed Zimbabwe batsman Brendan Taylor as a Kolpak player. The 29-year-old has played 23 Tests and 166 ODIs. The move follows another England selector, Middlesex boss Angus Fraser, bringing in New Zealander James Franklin on an Irish passport. Minister for Sport Helen Grant is a guest of the British Horseracing Authority and Jockey Club at Cheltenham today. But Grant, a modest drinker, is unlikely to embrace the liquid Festival hospitality as heartily as one of her predecessors did last year. The former minister was barely able to walk through the car parks after the meeting. Minister for Sport Helen Grant, a modest drinker, is unlikely to end up like a predecessor at Cheltenham . LTA back in fat cat mode . LTA chief executive Michael Downey has yet to justify an annual salary and benefits package of £434,000 plus a massive one-off relocation payment of £190,000. Nor did the Canadian do his image much good by wearing a GB tracksuit top during last weekend’s Davis Cup triumph over the USA in Glasgow — a cardinal sin for a sports administrator. LTA chairman David Gregson had said Downey would receive a £300,000 salary on his appointment but it seems the excesses of the Roger Draper regime are already in danger of being repeated. LTA chief executive Michael Downey was not his usual suited self in Glasgow - he wore a GB tracksuit top . There will be only five more racing days after Saturday before Clare Balding turns her back on presenting the sport following Royal Ascot. But the Balding effect has not boosted Channel 4’s viewing figures — quite the reverse. The Cheltenham peak of 996,000 was down again on Wednesday, year on year, by 20,000. And the last time Cheltenham enjoyed four consecutive days of 1m-plus ratings was pre-Balding in 2012, when Highflyer produced the coverage and John McCririck, John Francome and Derek Thompson were all still on board. Clare Balding arrives at Cheltenham Festival, but her presence has not helped viewing figures . Only Cheltenham could consider £30,000 for two season tickets in the Cheltenham Club good value. However, 100 of the 300 memberships available for the grand top-floor facility in the new £45million grandstand, which are being sold on a minimum three-year basis, have already been bought. And that’s where AP McCoy will be found at Cheltenham next year, having been signed up as the Club ambassador. AP McCoy will be among those in the Cheltenham Club next year, having signed up to be its ambassador . | Sir Alex Ferguson and Paul Nicholls-owned exploited grey areas of eligility for Rainy City to ride in the charity race at Cheltenham . But Rainy City led most of the 1m 5f before finishing an outpaced fifth . Arena Racing Company hold their annual drinks at Cheltenham despite it not being one of the 40 per cent of tracks they own in the country . England selector Mike Newell has signed Zimbabwe batsman Brendan Taylor as a Kolpak player in his Nottinghamshire role . A former minister had trouble walking due to drink at Cheltenham last year . LTA chief Michael Downey committed a sports administrator cardinal sin . Clare Balding's presence has not boosted Channel 4’s viewing figures . A third of £30,000 memberships in the Cheltenham Club have been sold . |
From the passage provided, extract the FAO measurements for hunger. Separate them with a comma. | There is one globally recognized approach for defining and measuring hunger generally used by those studying or working to relieve hunger as a social problem. This is the United Nation's FAO measurement, which is typically referred to as chronic undernourishment (or in older publications, as 'food deprivation,' 'chronic hunger,' or just plain 'hunger.') For the FAO:
Hunger or chronic undernourishment exists when "caloric intake is below the minimum dietary energy requirement (MDER). The MDER is the amount of energy needed to perform light activity and to maintain a minimum acceptable weight for attained height." The FAO use different MDER thresholds for different countries, due to variations in climate and cultural factors. Typically a yearly "balance sheet" approach is used, with the minimum dietary energy requirement tallied against the estimated total calories consumed over the year. The FAO definitions differentiate hunger from malnutrition and food insecurity:
Malnutrition results from "deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in the consumption of macro- and/or micro-nutrients." In the FAO definition, all hungry people suffer from malnutrition, but people who are malnourished may not be hungry. They may get sufficient raw calories to avoid hunger but lack essential micronutrients, or they may even consume an excess of raw calories and hence suffer from obesity.
Food insecurity occurs when people are at risk, or worried about, not being able to meet their preferences for food, including in terms of raw calories and nutritional value. In the FAO definition, all hungry people are food insecure, but not all food-insecure people are hungry (though there is a very strong overlap between hunger and severe food insecurity.). The FAO have reported that food insecurity quite often results in simultaneous stunted growth for children, and obesity for adults. For hunger relief actors operating at the global or regional level, an increasingly commonly used metric for food insecurity is the IPC scale.
Acute hunger is typically used to denote famine like hunger, though the phrase lacks a widely accepted formal definition. In the context of hunger relief, people experiencing 'acute hunger' may also suffer from 'chronic hunger'. The word is used mainly to denote severity, not long-term duration.
Not all of the organizations in the hunger relief field use the FAO definition of hunger. Some use a broader definition that overlaps more fully with malnutrition. The alternative definitions do however tend to go beyond the commonly understood meaning of hunger as a painful or uncomfortable motivational condition; the desire for food is something that all humans frequently experience, even the most affluent, and is not in itself a social problem.
Very low food supply can be described as "food insecure with hunger." A change in description was made in 2006 at the recommendation of the Committee on National Statistics (National Research Council, 2006) in order to distinguish the physiological state of hunger from indicators of food availability. Food insecure is when food intake of one or more household members was reduced and their eating patterns were disrupted at times during the year because the household lacked money and other resources for food. Food security statistics is measured by using survey data, based on household responses to items about whether the household was able to obtain enough food to meet their needs. | Hunger or chronic undernourishment, Malnutrition, Food insecurity, Acute hunger |
When did Istanbul (Constantinople) captured by Ottoman? | The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire. The city was captured on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a 53-day siege which had begun on 6 April.
The attacking Ottoman Army, which significantly outnumbered Constantinople's defenders, was commanded by the 21-year-old Sultan Mehmed II (later nicknamed "the Conqueror"), while the Byzantine army was led by Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos. After conquering the city, Mehmed II made Constantinople the new Ottoman capital, replacing Adrianople. | Ali Malekshahi |
Given a reference text about GDPR, tell me how GDPR helps to secure personal data. | The General Data Protection Regulation (2016/679, "GDPR") is a Regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy in the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA). The GDPR is an important component of EU privacy law and of human rights law, in particular Article 8(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. It also addresses the transfer of personal data outside the EU and EEA areas. The GDPR's primary aim is to enhance individuals' control and rights over their personal data and to simplify the regulatory environment for international business. Superseding the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC, the regulation contains provisions and requirements related to the processing of personal data of individuals, formally called "data subjects", who are located in the EEA, and applies to any enterprise—regardless of its location and the data subjects' citizenship or residence—that is processing the personal information of individuals inside the EEA.
The GDPR was adopted on 14 April 2016 and became enforceable beginning 25 May 2018. As the GDPR is a regulation, not a directive, it is directly binding and applicable, and provides flexibility for certain aspects of the regulation to be adjusted by individual member states.
According to the European Commission, "Personal data is information that relates to an identified or identifiable individual. If you cannot directly identify an individual from that information, then you need to consider whether the individual is still identifiable. You should take into account the information you are processing together with all the means reasonably likely to be used by either you or any other person to identify that individual." The precise definitions of terms such as "personal data", "processing", "data subject", "controller", and "processor" are stated in Article 4 of the Regulation.
Principles
Personal data may not be processed unless there is at least one legal basis to do so. Article 6 states the lawful purposes are:
(a) If the data subject has given consent to the processing of his or her personal data;
(b) To fulfill contractual obligations with a data subject, or for tasks at the request of a data subject who is in the process of entering into a contract;
(c) To comply with a data controller's legal obligations;
(d) To protect the vital interests of a data subject or another individual;
(e) To perform a task in the public interest or in official authority;
(f) For the legitimate interests of a data controller or a third party, unless these interests are overridden by interests of the data subject or her or his rights according to the Charter of Fundamental Rights (especially in the case of children).
Security of personal data
Controllers and processors of personal data must put in place appropriate technical and organizational measures to implement the data protection principles. Business processes that handle personal data must be designed and built with consideration of the principles and provide safeguards to protect data (for example, using pseudonymization or full anonymization where appropriate). Data controllers must design information systems with privacy in mind. For instance, using the highest-possible privacy settings by default, so that the datasets are not publicly available by default and cannot be used to identify a subject. No personal data may be processed unless this processing is done under one of the six lawful bases specified by the regulation (consent, contract, public task, vital interest, legitimate interest or legal requirement). When the processing is based on consent the data subject has the right to revoke it at any time.
Article 33 states the data controller is under a legal obligation to notify the supervisory authority without undue delay unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to the rights and freedoms of the individuals. There is a maximum of 72 hours after becoming aware of the data breach to make the report. Individuals have to be notified if a high risk of an adverse impact is determined (Article 34). In addition, the data processor will have to notify the controller without undue delay after becoming aware of a personal data breach (Article 33). However, the notice to data subjects is not required if the data controller has implemented appropriate technical and organisational protection measures that render the personal data unintelligible to any person who is not authorised to access it, such as encryption (Article 34).
Data protection officer
Article 37 requires appointment of a data protection officer. If processing is carried out by a public authority (except for courts or independent judicial authorities when acting in their judicial capacity), or if processing operations involve regular and systematic monitoring of data subjects on a large scale, or if processing on a large scale of special categories of data and personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences (Articles 9 and Article 10) a data protection officer (DPO)—a person with expert knowledge of data protection law and practices—must be designated to assist the controller or processor in monitoring their internal compliance with the Regulation.
A designated DPO can be a current member of staff of a controller or processor, or the role can be outsourced to an external person or agency through a service contract. In any case, the processing body must make sure that there is no conflict of interest in other roles or interests that a DPO may hold. The contact details for the DPO must be published by the processing organisation (for example, in a privacy notice) and registered with the supervisory authority.
The DPO is similar to a compliance officer and is also expected to be proficient at managing IT processes, data security (including dealing with cyberattacks) and other critical business continuity issues associated with the holding and processing of personal and sensitive data. The skill set required stretches beyond understanding legal compliance with data protection laws and regulations. The DPO must maintain a living data inventory of all data collected and stored on behalf of the organization. More details on the function and the role of data protection officer were given on 13 December 2016 (revised 5 April 2017) in a guideline document.
Organisations based outside the EU must also appoint an EU-based person as a representative and point of contact for their GDPR obligations (Article 27). This is a distinct role from a DPO, although there is overlap in responsibilities that suggest that this role can also be held by the designated DPO. | General Data Protection Regulation provides guidelines on storing and processing personal data. Personal data is any information about an identified or identifiable person, also known as the data subject. Personal data includes information such as their:
name
address
ID card/passport number
income
cultural profile
Internet Protocol (IP) address
data held by a hospital or doctor (which uniquely identifies a person for health purposes).
Special categories of data
You may not process personal data about someone's:
racial or ethnic origin
sexual orientation
political opinions
religious or philosophical beliefs
trade-union membership
genetic, biometric or health data except in specific cases (e.g. when you've been given explicit consent or when processing is needed for reasons of substantial public interest, on the basis of EU or national law)
personal data related to criminal convictions and offences unless this is authorised by EU or national law.
Who processes the personal data?
During processing, personal data can pass through various different companies or organisations. Within this cycle there are two main profiles that deal with processing personal data:
The data controller - decides the purpose and way in which personal data is processed.
The data processor - holds and processes data on behalf of a data controller.
Who monitors how personal data is processed within a company?
The Data Protection Officer (DPO), who may have been designated by the company, is responsible for monitoring how personal data is processed and to inform and advise employees who process personal data about their obligations. The DPO also cooperates with the Data Protection Authority (DPA), serving as a contact point towards the DPA and individuals.
Processing data for another company
A data controller can only use a data processor who offers sufficient guarantees, these should be included in a written contract between the parties involved. The contract must also contain a number of mandatory clauses, e.g. that the data processor will only process personal data when instructed to do so by the data controller.
Data transfer outside the EU
When personal data is transferred outside the EU, the protection offered by the GDPR should travel with the data. This means that if you export data abroad, your company must ensure one of the following measures are adhered to:
The non-EU country's protections are deemed adequate by the EU.
Your company takes the necessary measures to provide appropriate safeguards, such as including specific clauses in the agreed contract with the non-European importer of the personal data.
Your company relies on specific grounds for the transfer (derogations) such as the consent of the individual.
When is data processing allowed?
EU data protection rules mean you should process data in a fair and lawful manner, for a specified and legitimate purpose and only process the data necessary to fulfil this purpose. You must ensure that you fulfil one of the following conditions to process the personal data; you:
have been given the consent of the individual concerned
need the personal data to fulfil a contractual obligation with the individual
need the personal data to satisfy a legal obligation
need the personal data to protect the vital interests of the individual
process personal data to carry out the task in the interest of the public
are acting in your company's legitimate interests, as long as the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual whose data are processed are not seriously impacted. If the person's rights override your company's interests, then you cannot process the personal data.
Agreeing to data processing - consent
Right to access and right to data portability
Right to correct and right to object
Right to erasure (right to be forgotten)
Automated decision-making and profiling
Data breaches – providing proper notification
Responding to requests
Impact assessments
Keeping a record |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | League Two high-flyers Luton Town will rename their home ground the Prostate Cancer UK Stadium for one match to raise awareness of the disease, the club said on Wednesday. The former top-flight club, now playing in the fourth tier, said the 10,000 capacity of their 110-year-old Kenilworth Road ground represented the amount of men who die of prostate cancer each year in Britain. The name change will take effect for the match against Wycombe Wanderers on Tuesday. Luton's Kenilworth Road ground will be renamed the Prostate Cancer UK Stadium for one match . Luton are chasing promotion from League Two and currently sit sixth in the table . 'We are extremely proud to be the first club to partner with a charity such as Prostate Cancer UK by renaming our stadium, albeit temporarily,' chief executive Gary Sweet told Luton's website. 'We felt sure that once the full story emerged about our supporting Prostate Cancer UK, our supporters would understand and fully support the move. 'This is a first for Luton Town and a first in football and we are delighted to be teaming up with a charity which has supported the game, in particular supporters and players past and present, so well.' It is the first time an English stadium has been named after a charity. Prostate cancer claims the same number of men's lives a year as the capacity of Luton's home ground . Luton are in the promotion playoff places, occupying sixth position in the table, 12 points behind leaders Burton Albion. Prostate Cancer UK director of fundraising Mark Bishop, said: 'The power of sport - and in this case football - has helped us reach out to men and their friends and families. 'We thank the club's players, staff and supporters on behalf of the 300,000 men living with prostate cancer in the UK.' | League Two club will rename ground to Prostate Cancer UK Stadium for one match - against Wycombe Wanderers on Tuesday . Kenilworth Road capacity is same as annual male deaths for the disease . This is the first time that English Stadium has been named after a charity . |
Based on this paragraph about dogs, what is a companion dog? | A companion dog is a dog that does not work, providing only companionship as a pet, rather than usefulness by doing specific tasks. Many of the toy dog breeds are used only for the pleasure of their company, not as workers. Any dog can be a companion dog, and many working types such as retrievers are enjoyed primarily for their friendly nature as a family pet, as are mixed breed dogs. The American Kennel Club also offers a Companion dog title for judged dog obedience competitions. | A companion dog is a dog that provides only companionship as a pet, rather than usefulness by doing specific tasks. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Amy Pascal's office move has been delayed because of a stench of marijuana permeating the building, sources close to the disgraced Sony executive say. They told The Hollywood Reporter that the odor was left behind by funnymen Seth Rogen and his frequent collaborator Evan Goldberg, as they occupied the space for a short time. Pascal, 56, whose controversial emails were leaked during the hacking scandal, is set to head up her own production company as part of her leaving package. Up in smoke: Amy Pascal's office move has been delayed because of a stench of marijuana permeating the building, sources close to the disgraced Sony executive say . The new job role - with a four-year contract - is said to be worth between $30 million and $40 million. The exact location of her new base is not known but it is set to be somewhere in the heart of Hollywood. She will reportedly move into temporary offices until the odor of marijuana sufficiently eliminated. The scent has apparently soaked into flooring and brickwork but nothing a lick of paint won't solve. Source of the problem? The odor was reportedly left behind by funnymen Seth Rogen and his frequent collaborator Evan Goldberg, as they occupied the space for a short time . In an interview last month, Amy Pascal opened up about her departure and acknowledged it wasn't voluntary. Speaking to journalist Tina Brown at the Women in the World conference in San Francisco, Pascal joked, 'All the women here are doing incredible things in this world. All I did was get fired." After a long reign as the head of Sony Pictures, the studio announced Pascal was stepping down and would start a new production venture at Sony. In her new role as producer, she has already inherited several of the studio's biggest upcoming projects, including Sony's next Spider-man film, to be made in partnership with Marvel Studios. | Pascal, 56, whose controversial emails were leaked during the hacking scandal, is set to head up her own production company . The new job role - with a four-year contract - is said to be worth between $30 million and $40 million . She will reportedly move into temporary offices until the odor of marijuana is sufficiently eliminated from her new place . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Governor of Jakarta has advised the Indonesian president to abolish the death penalty and spare the lives of the condemned Bali Nine duo. President Joko Widodo's close ally , Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, known as Ahok, believes drug smugglers should receive a life sentence if they have reformed while behind bars such as Australians Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran. 'If from inside [jail] they're still controlling drugs, then execute them immediately that day,' Channel Nine News reported Ahok as saying. 'But if people want to change, give them a chance to live. 'Maybe he can make other people more aware instead of punishing him with death.' Scroll down for video . The Governor of Jakarta Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (left) has advised the Indonesian president Joko Widodo (right) to abolish the death penalty and spare the lives of the condemned Bali Nine duo. Bali Nine's Myuran Sukumaran (left) and Andrew Chan (right) who have been sentenced to death . New footage has emerged of Australian death row prisoner Andrew Chan, at Kerobokan prison in Bali . 'Let he who lives in prison and becomes a good person guide someone who just enters the prison to be a good person too', he said according to The Sydney Morning Herald. 'So there is one life that can be used to make another realise his mistakes. This is better than executing him. Recent footage of convicted drug smuggler Andrew Chan has appeared, as the Australian and his Bali Nine counterpart Myuran Sukumaran await news of their transfer in the lead up to their execution. The footage, which aired on Indonesian television channel TVOne on Saturday, shows Chan walking across the Kerobokan prison in Bali to meet with his mother,The Sydney Morning Herald reports. A quick detour shows a composed Chan in conversation with another inmate who asks him when he will be moved. Chan's response, 'I don't know', is met with the inmate remarking 'I hope you stay here'. Chan appears healthy and composed in the footage, which was filmed by a fellow inmate and aired on Indonesian television on Saturday . Indonesia's human rights commissioner Natalius Pigai (centre) met with Australians Myuran Sukumaran (left) and Andrew Chan (right) in Kerobokan jail on Tuesday. Indonesian President Joko Widodo reaffirmed his commitment that the death penalty would be imposed on the two Australians . A quick detour shows a composed Chan in conversation with another inmate who asks him when he will be moved. Chan's response, 'I don't know', is met with the inmate remarking 'I hope you stay here'. The video, which is believed to have been shot by a fellow prisoner about three weeks ago, provides an insight into the daily lives of prisoners at the Indonesian jail, as the inmate is filmed asking Chan if he wants to play a match of tennis later. Chan replies 'I'll be around'. It comes as dozens of Indonesian soldiers were photographed rowing to Nusa Kambangan, also known as Death island, where the executions of Chan, Sukumaran and eight other Indonesian and foreign prisoners, will take place. They are understood to be making their way to the location in order to prepare for the execution and transfer which will make use of about 1,000 soldiers and a firing squad of 120 police, The Jakarta Post reports. It comes as dozens of Indonesian soldiers were photographed rowing to Nusakambangan island . Nicknamed Death island, it is where the executions of Chan, Sukumaran and eight other Indonesian and foreign prisoners, will take place . They are understood to be making their way to the location in order to prepare for the execution and transfer which will make use of about 1,000 soldiers and a firing squad of 120 police . More than 20 heavily-armed officers will escort the handcuffed Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan on to the military plane that takes them to their execution . Indonesian President Joko Widodo reaffirmed his commitment that the death penalty would be imposed on the two Australians. 'Our position is clear, our laws can't be interfered with,' he said, Kontan reports. The remark comes after Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott called Mr Joko earlier last week to make another appeal for the mens' lives to be spared. Although a date is yet to be set for their execution, authorities have confirmed that arrangements for their transfer have now been finalised and could take place as early as Sunday, the Daily Telegraph reports. Police mobile brigade (Brimob) commander Rudy Harianto, who invited the media to a simulation of their transfer from jail to the airport in armoured vehicles, told The Sydney Morning Herald they 'are ready at any given time' and is confident that prisoners 'will not be able to escape'. Indonesian special police hold a drill ahead of a planned transfer of Australians Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan from Kerobokan Prison to Nusakambangan Prison . Indonesian authorities put on a show of force in Bali on Friday, demonstrating how the Australian drug smugglers will be taken from Kerobokan jail to the penal island Nusakambangan . In the exercise, 22 heavily-armed officers clad in balaclavas took the prisoners, played by two police, on and off a military plane, represented by a bus . In the exercise, 22 heavily-armed officers clad in balaclavas took the prisoners, played by two police, on and off a military plane, represented by a bus. 'We're ready, any time. We're ready to move for security duty,' the commander said. He further told The Sydney Morning Herald: 'We've anticipated everything. They will not be able to escape.' 'We've been training since the end of January and we will continue training.' A Brimob water cannon is on stand-by and the military has Sukhoi jets available to escort the plane in flight. 'We're ready, any time. We're ready to move for security duty,' the police commander said . Two armed vehicles of the Indonesian special police take part in a drill on Friday . A Brimob water cannon is on stand-by and the military has Sukhoi jets available to escort the plane in flight . Authorities plan to hold the Australians and eight others in Besi prison before they meet their end in front of a firing squad . Chintu Sukumaran (right) and Brintha Sukumaran (left), brother and sister of Australian death row prisoner Myuran Sukumaran, arrive to visit him at Kerobokan prison in Denpasar on Friday . Michael Chan (C), brother of Australian death row prisoner Andrew Chan, leaves Kerobokan Prison . At Nusakambangan, a navy presence has been building around the island for the past week, with Indonesia's military commander Moeldoko saying they had to be ready for anything. * Mary Jane Fiesta Veloso (Philippines) * Serge Areski Atlaoui (France) * Martin Anderson alias Belo (Ghana) * Raheem Agbaje Salami (Nigeria) * Rodrigo Gularte (Brazil) * Myuran Sukumaran (Australia) * Andrew Chan (Australia) * Zainal Abidin (Indonesia) * Silvester Obikwe (Nigeria) * Okwudili Oyatanze (Nigeria) The Bali Nine pair remain in Kerobokan jail awaiting the warden's signal that it's time to go to Nusakambangan after the move was postponed last week because the island was not ready. Central Java Provincial Law and Human Rights Office head Mirza Zulkarnaen says new isolation cells are now ready, although other arrangements are not complete. Authorities plan to hold the Australians and eight others in Besi prison before they meet their end in front of a firing squad. Attorney-General HM Prasetyo has not named all 10 prisoners to face the firing squad, but 10 drug offenders are on death row. President Joko Widodo wants to deny all death row drug offenders clemency, believing it's a good shock tactic in the war against narcotics. | Governor of Jakarta advised Indonesian president to abolish death penalty . Recent footage of Andrew Chan at Kerobokan prison in Bali has emerged . It shows him speaking to a fellow inmate who asks him about his transfer . The footage aired on Indonesian television and was filmed by a prisoner . Authorities say Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran's transfer to Nusakambangan island could happen on Sunday . Soldiers were seen paddling to the island in preparation . The move was postponed last week because the island was not ready . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | We saw Victoria Beckham's minimalism in New York, Burberry's beautiful boho in London and now the Italian designers are serving up some seasonal style of their own on the runways of Milan. Armani and DSquared2 showcased their AW15 offerings on Monday and whilst Kendall Jenner was too ill to walk in any shows, there was still plenty to talk about. They had a big act to follow after Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana - the head honchos at Dolce & Gabbana kicked the week off with style when they unveiled their collection, Viva la Mamma, in all its glory yesterday. Giorgio Armani unveiled the 'skouser' (right) - a wrap-around skirt-cum-pair of slim-fitting trousers made from one piece of material, bold dresses, left, and fringed shawls worn around the waist (left) Is it a soft furnishing or an evening gown? Armani seemed influenced by interiors with this dress . Giorgio Armani gave us a lesson in luxury by creating what Vogue are dubbing the 'skouser' - a wrap-around skirt-cum-pair of slim-fitting trousers made from one piece of material, which were paired with fur jackets and blouses. Elsewhere on the catwalk were the classic tuxedos that Armani does so well, as well as sequin jackets and even more fringed ponchos. He also showcased strapless dresses with ruched bust lines that looked eerily like curtain pelmets or bed skirts. Yet as he celebrates 40 years of his brand this year, Armani proved he's still a byword for mature elegance. Italian heavy hitter Giorgio Armani wore his signature all-black on the catwalk after this AW15 show . But elsewhere, the shows proved that in Milan - more is more. We saw boho vibes on the Burberry catwalk in London. Similarly, Matthew Williamson stuck to his signature boho style by unveiling a mystical and bright hued collection inspired by the signs of the Zodiac. Following suit, DSquared2 sent models out in flouncy, Inuit-like designs teamed with fur-lined boots, capes and ponchos. The tribal prints, which came in every colourway, completely clashed - but with aplomb. Canadian fashion designers and twin brothers, Dean and Dan Caten, who head up DSquared2, called on catwalk stalwarts Malaika Firth and Lily Donaldson to showcase their elaborate multi-layered AW15 designs in the Italian city today. The pair appeared to draw on their country's Inuit roots with parkas with huge fur-lined hoods, thong ties and bold tribal prints. These Native American-influenced pieces were teamed with European colonial-era clothes such as culottes with admiral's gold detailing at the hems. DSquared2 sent models out in flouncy, Inuit-like designs teamed with fur-lined boots, capes and ponchos . Brit favourite Lily Donaldson walked in the DSquared2 show in Milan on Monday . Models also wore nude body stockings printed with native patterns to evoke body paint or tribal tattoos. But hair and make-up were kept simple with bronzed glowing skin and loose hair. British beauty Lily Donaldson wore a mixture of styles including gold-embossed navy admiral's trousers, Native American feather trim, beaded bag and sandals and a trapper-style fur decoration. Slung over all of that was an enormous ruby and diamond necklace and opulent sapphire and diamond drop earrings. Other looks included Native American blankets worn with cropped jackets and huge necklaces or voluminous white dresses teamed with a masculine admiral's jacket. Canadian fashion designers and twin brothers, Dean and Dan Caten, head up DSquared2 and rocked the runway with a tribal-inspired collection . Dolce & Gabbana's show, Viva la Mamma, invited models to walk the runway with their children in Milan . While yesterday Dolce & Gabbana created a memorable show aimed at celebrating motherhood. The flamboyant duo - who are known for drawing on long-held ideas and imagery of Italian womanhood, whether it's the sensual town vamp or a black-clad nonna - sent models on to the catwalk with children as accessories, walking to the beat of Spice Girl's Nineties hit, Mama. There were toddlers and babies all dressed in the Italian house's sumptuous silks and luxurious lace. Called the Viva La Mamma show, other motifs running through the collection were the deep red, almost Gothic, roses (traditionally given on Mother's Day in Italy), vintage brooches, midi dresses, black lace and corsetry. Aimed at celebrating motherhood, models took to the catwalk armed with their own children as accessories . Dresses were dedicated to the mother and came with hand-stitched red roses . The curtains opened to the sight of mothers and their children and the sounds of Spice Girl's iconic hit, Mama . Famous face Karlie Kloss walks the runway at the Dolce & Gabbana show . The slogans 'Amore' and 'Mama' were embroidered or appliqued and some dresses were emblazoned with prints of Madonna and child, others were decorated with childlike Crayola drawings. Models wore their hair back but parted in the centre, in the style of chic 1940s Italian women, and their lips matched the crimson rose embroidery. However, Salvatore Ferragamo's collection had a more restrained Sixties feel with a brown, beige and maroon palette and graphic prints on the catwalk - as well as the dresses. Dresses, skirts and knits were covered in vertical panels and the geometry theme carried through to most of the looks. Fluid silk dresses were constructed from different coloured tessellated panels, other tunics and skirts were high-necked and severe. Where Dolce & Gabbana was over-the-top and elaborate, Ferragamo was pared-down and minimalist, helping to set the stage for the final day in Italy tomorrow before the focus shifts to Paris Fashion Week. Salvatore Ferragamo served up graphic designs emblazoned with colourful squares, lines and rectangles . The severe Salvatore Ferragamo show saw bare-faced models walk in graphic prints and severe tailoring . Colour blocking and graphic prints dominated at Salvatore Ferragamo (left) and tailoring was kept simple . | Milan Fashion Week saw Lily Donaldson and Karlie Kloss hit catwalk for DSquared2 and Dolce & Gabbana . Giorgio Armani proved trousers remain in style and added a wrap-around skirt to his slacks . DSquared2's boho show proves the poncho and tribal prints and fabrics is still on trend for next season . Yesterday, Dolce & Gabbana's baby-filled show that also featured pregnant models was an ode to mothers . But Salvatore Ferragamo focused on geometry in his Sixties-inspired, almost severe collection . |
Who is Prince (musician)? | Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016), commonly known mononymously as Prince, was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. | Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016), commonly known mononymously as Prince, was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. The recipient of numerous awards and nominations, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest musicians of his generation.
He was known for his flamboyant, androgynous persona; his wide vocal range, which included a far-reaching falsetto and high-pitched screams; and his skill as a multi-instrumentalist, often preferring to play all or most of the instruments on his recordings.
Prince produced his albums himself, pioneering the Minneapolis sound. His music incorporated a wide variety of styles, including funk, R&B, rock, new wave, soul, synth-pop, pop, jazz, and hip hop. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Carlo Ancelotti's Real Madrid are in a mini-crisis mode, with world stars like Cristiano Ronaldo and Gareth Bale struggling for form. Real fan Lucas Navarrete of managingmadrid.com writes on the team's current troubles, and why he wouldn't hesitate to drop a big name. Carlo Ancelotti’s Real Madrid have recorded five losses, two draws and just one win in La Liga’s toughest venues since the Italian took over: Nou Camp (Barcelona), Vicente Calderon (Atletico Madrid), Mestalla (Valencia), Sanchez Pizjuan (Sevilla) and San Mames (Athletic Bilbao). The fans remember how successful the team was during last season’s run at the Champions League and the Copa del Rey, and they also have in mind why that happened. In those three games – the Copa del Rey final and the Champions League semi-finals —Real Madrid played with a 4-4-2 formation that allowed them to defend properly and counterattack at the earliest opportunity. Cristiano Ronaldo looks on in horror after Atheltic Bilbao score to consign Real Madrid to another defeat . A sorry Madrid forward line kick off after Artiz Aduriz sends San Mames wild by putting Bilbao ahead . Real employed a 4-4-2 to devastating effect against Bayern Munich in last season's Champions League . The team’s attacking trio of Cristiano Ronaldo, Gareth Bale and Karim Benzema did not feature together on two out of those three games, the other one being the return leg against Bayern in the Allianz Arena. Injuries to Bale (a 1-0 win against Bayern at the Bernabeu) and Ronaldo (Copa del Rey final) forced Ancelotti to use a 4-4-2 system that proved to be so solid that the Italian coach played Gareth Bale as a midfielder on Real’s historic 4-0 win in Germany. This season, Bale also had to miss last October’s Clasico. Ancelotti knew what he had to do, he used that same 4-4-2 formation with James and Isco on the wings, and Real Madrid were able to come back and earn a convincing 3-1 win against Messi and Co. Considering how badly the team have struggled against Valencia and Atletico Madrid since 2015 started, it’s not surprising to see that several polls around the Spanish media prove that the fans want to see that 4-4-2 formation again. Welsh star Gareth Bale has provoked the ire of the Real Madrid fans for his percieved selfishness . Many Madrid fans are calling for Bale to be the odd man out if they are to switch back to the 4-4-2 system . The £86million Bale tries in vain to turn around his side's fortunes in Saturday's disappointing loss . If that happens, Ancelotti will either be forced to move one of the BBC to the bench or play Bale in a much more defensive role. That will turn Real Madrid into a less-glamorous side, but they will also be a solid team capable of beating tough opponents once and for all. The BBC-system works and is good enough to easily dismantle most La Liga and Champions League teams. But whenever you go up against the best clubs in European football, you need to have a good defensive plan that the usual 4-3-3 formation does not provide. Given that Ronaldo is Real Madrid's best player and that Benzema is the team's only centre forward, it would be reasonable to think that Bale would indeed be the one moving to the bench if Ancelotti decides to use this 4-4-2 formation, and that would be the right call. The buck stops with manager Carlo Ancelotti when it comes to choosing a big name to lose from his line-up . Benzema is crucial to the team's fluidity upfront, setting up his teammates and helping the midfielders at controlling the tempo of the game, and unless Ronaldo changes his game and becomes a pure striker, the Frenchman is the only player in the roster capable of doing that. While it would be tempting not to pay attention to the fans' whistles, having the Bernabeu fans against you is always the first step towards a move out of the club, and that's why Ancelotti should try to regain the fans' support. The Santiago Bernabeu is a very demanding crowd and they have already affected the way Gareth Bale plays. After the whistles, the Welsh player is not attempting nearly as many shots as he was when things were working out well for him, so Ancelotti will surely use Bale's experience as a good example to change Real Madrid's shape and improve the way his team is defending. If a £86m player needs to sit on the bench, so be it. Real's deadly rivals Barcelona are in form, with Luis Suarez and Lionel Messi celebrating against Rayo . | Madrid lost to Atheltic Bilbao 1-0 on Saturday in a blow to their title chance . Many fans are calling for a return to Carlo Ancelotti's 4-4-2 formation . British star Gareth Bale could be sacrificed in the starting XI . Carlo Ancelotti: Bale will not be dropped for Schalke clash . CLICK HERE for all the latest Real Madrid news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Amir Khan wants to fight Kell Brook within the next year, paving the way for a spectacular return to Wembley Stadium for British boxing. As recently as Monday Khan was talking down the chances of a grudge match between himself and Britain’s other leading welterweight, who has spent years calling out Khan. But now there appears to be a genuine chance of this fight happening, with Khan saying on Tuesday that a meeting is inevitable, either at the end of this year or in 2016. After Kell Brook's victory over Jo Jo Dan on Saturday, he called out Amir Khan in a post-match interview . Brook demolished Dan in Sheffield, beating him in just four rounds to retain his IBF World Welterweight title . The bargaining tool of Brook’s IBF world title remains a draw for the Bolton fighter, but a major factor has been the public pressure, which has grown enormously since Brook demolished his mandatory challenger Jo Jo Dan on Saturday. With that in mind, it remains to be seen how much of what Khan is saying is lip service. Certainly, Brook’s team are waiting for formal talks to start before they get excited about a fight they have long craved and which would surely match Carl Froch’s 2014 rematch with George Groves at Wembley. Khan said: ‘I’d love to go in the ring and fight Kell Brook. It will happen within the next 12 months but I have already given my word to an opponent and I want to be a man of my word. ‘After watching his (Brook’s) last performance, I know I can do a deal, winner takes all. It shows it is not about the money, it is about the pride. It could be his last fight, I would give him that much of a beating.’ Brook, pictured celebrating his win over Dan on Saturday, appears to have got his wish to fight Khan . Khan's last fight came against Devon Alexander in December, whom he beat to take his record to 30-3 . Khan has previously refused a fight with Brook, but now promises it will take place within 12 months . He added: ‘It’s all about timing: if I’ve got a different route and I want to face the likes of the (Floyd) Mayweathers and (Manny) Pacquiaos out there, then Kell Brook will have to wait.’ Khan also tweeted: 'They doing a very good job making the public believe i don't want the fight, trust me i do! Keep building the hype cause winner takes all!' Any plans promoter Eddie Hearn had of staging the fight on June 13 - he has a provisional booking with Wembley - are scuppered by Khan’s claim to have promised a fight to a different opponent. He is expected to announce his next fight this week. Sportsmail understands Khan would have made £4.5million from a June date with Brook, but with the rivalry likely to rumble loudly into 2016 he could take up to £5m. Brook’s camp are in talks with Mexican legend Juan Manuel Marquez over a summer fight, while WBA regular champion Keith Thurman and Brandon Rios are also possibilities. | Kell Brook beat Jo Jo Dan with considerable ease at the weekend . Brook's win has increased public appetite to see him fight Amir Khan . Khan has repeatedly played down the chances of the fight happening . Now, Khan has given in and promised to fight Brook in the next 12 months . Khan: Nobody in America has heard of Brook! CLICK HERE for all the latest boxing news . |
What are the four major subregions in Central Otago? | "The Central Otago wine region is broken into multiple sub-regions, each with its own climate and characteristics.
Bannockburn is a small Geographical Indication on the southern banks of the Kawarau River near Cromwell and is a very warm area that was known by gold miners as ""the Heart of the Desert"". Grapes ripen early on sandy, silty loam soils. The elevation ranges from 220 to 370 metres (720 to 1,210 ft).
Bendigo lies east of the Clutha River / Mata-Au and Lake Dunstan, with grapes planted at both medium elevation (220 metres (720 ft)) and high elevation terraces (330 to 350 metres (1,080 to 1,150 ft)). This warm area has semi arid soils at variable depths, with free draining soils at the lower levels and shallower soils at higher elevations. The Bendigo sub-region includes the vineyards at Tarras and Maori Point.
Gibbston is a tight valley enclosed by mountainous terrain. About 250 hectares of vines are planted on sloping land on the southern bank of the Kawarau River. Gibbston is the coolest and highest of the sub-regions with vineyards between 320 and 420 metres (1,050 and 1,380 ft) altitude. It is sometimes referred to as the Queenstown subregion.
Wānaka, the smallest of the sub-regions, has vineyards planted between the banks of Lake Wānaka and the town of Luggate to the east. Ranging between 290 to 320 metres (950 to 1,050 ft) above sea level, the vineyards have a similar but slightly warmer climate than those at Gibbston.
The Alexandra Basin is surrounded by the Clutha River / Mata-Au and Manuherikia River and regularly records New Zealand's hottest summer temperatures. Schist outcrops dominate the arid landscape. A wide diurnal shift moderates the high temperatures.
The Cromwell Basin contains the highest concentration of vines, in an area bounded by the Kawarau River, Lake Dunstan and the Pisa mountain range. It is a warm district characterised by semi arid, high terraces and moraines and gently sloping fans." | The Central Otago wine region is broken into multiple sub-regions: Bannockburn, Bendigo, Bendigo and Wānaka |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This is the world's longest hot tub that is so big that as well as relaxing in it you can also use it for swimming. The luxurious tub measures in at 12 metres, is intended to cater for eight people and is split into two sections. The first has a current which users can swim against as a way of keeping fit. The world's longest hot tub, which measures in at 12 metres and is intended to cater for up to eight people at a time . The tub is split into two sections, one designed for relaxation and another for exercise, To burn calories, users swim against a current . According to manufacturers swimming against he current can help a person burn 400 calories an hour and can be used by two people simultaneously. Meanwhile the second section has a steady flow of hot water to help relax the body and muscles and can sit six people at a one time. It also uses chromotherapy, an alternative treatment that uses coloured lights, which claims to help cure common ailments. It is said that the lights in the tub help to replenish, heal, develop and balance a person's enerfy after a swim against the current. It also comes with several other additional features such as an audio system and a waterfall. According to manufacturers swimming against he current can help a person burn 400 calories an hour and can be used by two people simultaneously . The hot tub also comes with several other additional features such as an audio system and a waterfall and uses chromotherapy, a form of alternative therapy using colours . The Hot Tub BL-856 is priced at $73,000 and is designed by Italian company Beauty Luxury. It comes with a ready-to-use with an outer stainless steel frame, that comes in five finishes and 18 different colours. The tub can also be installed as it comes or buried with the ground. | Luxurious hot tub measures in at 12 metres long and has been designed by Italian company Beauty Luxury . It costs $73,000 and is split into two sections, one for swimming and losing weight and the other for relaxation . For exercise, users can swim against a current meaning they can keep fit and burn up to 400 calories an hour . |
How tall is Mt. Shakspere? | Mount Shakspere is a 12,174-foot-elevation (3,711 meter) summit located in Fresno County, California, United States.
Description
The mountain is set four miles west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in the Palisades area of Kings Canyon National Park. It is situated 4.5 miles (7.2 km) southwest of Middle Palisade, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southeast of Giraud Peak, and one mile north-northwest of line parent Observation Peak. Mt. Shakspere ranks as the 384th-highest summit in California, and topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 3,500 feet (1,100 meters) above Palisade Creek in approximately one mile (1.6 km). The first ascent of the summit was made July 20, 1930, by Francis P. Farquhar, Mary Lou Michaels, Doris Drust, Lorna Kilgariff, and Robert L. Lipman. This mountain's name has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names. | Mt. Shakespere is 12,174 feet (3,711 meters) tall. |
Please list the nicknames of the famed crime boss Stefano Magaddino, separated by a comma. | Stefano "The Undertaker" Magaddino (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsteːfano maɡadˈdiːno]; October 10, 1891 – July 19, 1974) was an Italian-born crime boss of the Buffalo crime family in western New York. His underworld influence stretched from Ohio to Southern Ontario and as far east as Montreal, Quebec. Known as Don Stefano to his friends and The Undertaker to others, he was also a charter member of the American Mafia's ruling council, The Commission. | Don Stefano, The Undertaker |
Where is Danny Brannagan from | Danny Brannagan (born July 4, 1986) is a former professional Canadian football quarterback for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League.
Early years
Brannagan attended high school at Assumption Catholic Secondary School in Burlington where in his 5th and final year in 2004, he led the Assumption Crusaders to the GHAC finals where they defeated St. Jean de Brebeuf in a thriller, with the final score 29-28. Trailing by 27 points with less than 8 minutes to play, Brannagan led Assumption's offense to an amazing comeback, taking the lead with under 2 minutes left to play. | Danny Brannagan (born July 4, 1986) is a former professional Canadian football quarterback for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League.
Brannagan attended high school at Assumption Catholic Secondary School in Burlington where in his 5th and final year in 2004, he led the Assumption Crusaders to the GHAC finals where they defeated St. Jean de Brebeuf in a thriller, with the final score 29-28. Trailing by 27 points with less than 8 minutes to play, Brannagan led Assumption's offense to an amazing comeback, taking the lead with under 2 minutes left to play. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Running low on fuel and making a desperate search for the nearest station could soon be a thing of the past. Ford has unveiled its latest app that not only shows how far you can travel on the power you have remaining, it bases its predictions on your unique driving style. The MyFord Mobile also lets drivers remotely access their vehicles meaning they can set the cabin temperature on a cold morning before they leave their house. The app was announced at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona and currently works with a selection of Ford’s electric and hybrid cars. Smart car: To check their driving range, drivers open the app and add their location and destination . It specifically suits electric cars because the app can directly link to the battery to see a status level and accurate mileage. But Ford spokesman Abraham Phillip told MailOnline the team is working on developing the software for petrol and diesel range. However, he couldn’t give a timeframe for this because it depends on the technology being integrated, and legislation in individual markets. For example, due to emission restrictions in the EU users can’t use the MyFord Mobile app to remotely start their car, but they can in the US. Similar restrictions may apply for the fuel management feature. Cos: The MyFord Mobile also lets drivers remotely access their vehicles meaning they can set the cabin temperature on a cold morning before they leave their house (Ford's Focus Electric, pictured) The app uses a traffic light system to show if the journey is possible, or at least how far the driver can travel before needing to charge their car using a map (screenshots of app pictured) To check their driving range, drivers open the app and add their location and destination. The app uses a traffic light system to show if the journey is possible, or at least how far the driver can travel before needing to charge their car using a map. This map also shows the nearest charging stations, including their price. The first vehicles to offer MyFord Mobile in Europe will be the Focus Electric, available in spring 2015. Now available in Europe, the Focus Electric is powered by an electric motor and lithium-ion battery powertrain that achieves a top speed of 85mph (137 km/h). The 6.6 kW onboard charger has a driving range of 62 miles (100km) with two to three hours charging, and around 93 miles (150 km) driving range with three to four hours charging from a 32 A charging station.* . It additionally has Sync 2 voice control with touchscreen to let drivers programme charging times, and set a chosen cabin temperature for when they start the journey, from within the car. MyFord Mobile is also available for the C-MAX Energi plug-in electric hybrid vehicle. To learn a driver’s habits the app determines how far they have travelled within a certain time to gauge speed but also how often they braked, based on distances travelled, and when they accelerated significantly. The driver is then rated on a scale from ‘Zippy’ to ‘Zen’. To be more fuel efficient, the driver needs to be at the latter end of the scale. But if they’re not, the app offers tips such as releasing the accelerator or braking less heavily. The Trends screen additionally shows miles, or kilometres driven, and how much CO2 has been saved. Taking inspiration from gaming and personal fitness apps, MyFord Mobile shows CO2 savings as exercise balls, or hot-air balloons to reflect how much could be used to fill each. In terms of the ‘remote preparation’ features, the driver can set the cabin to warm up or cool down at a set time each day, or set the precise temperature. As well as informing drivers when they have made CO2 savings, alerts also let drivers know when they have reached certain zero-emission distance benchmarks, such as covering a distance equivalent to one round-the-world trip. This is shown as an Achievement figure. And if the driver can’t remember where they parked the car, the app will pinpoint its location on a map. The first vehicles to offer MyFord Mobile in Europe will be the Focus Electric, which also has Sync 2 voice-activated controls, available in spring 2015. MyFord Mobile is also available for the C-Max Energi plug-in electric hybrid vehicle. More vehicles will be announced later this year. To learn a driver’s habits the app determines how far they have travelled within a certain time to gauge speed, and when they accelerated significantly (screen shots of app pictured) MyFord Mobile is a free app on iOS and Android for the compatible Ford car owners. It connects to the car via an on-board modem and this sends data directly to a remote server and is available in English, Dutch, French, German and Spanish, MyFord Mobile is free for the first five years of vehicle ownership. ‘MyFord Mobile makes owning an electric vehicle even more convenient. It displays CO2 savings in terms of objects everyone is familiar with, and shows how further energy efficiencies can be achieved in a way that is easily understood,’ said Don Butler, executive director, Connected Vehicle and Services, Ford Motor Company. ‘Electric car drivers want to understand the environmental benefits their vehicle brings, and also to know how they could improve their contribution to help make a better future. MyFord Mobile helps them to do this.’ | The MyFord Mobile app is free for Ford drivers on iOS and Android . It lets drivers remotely access their vehicles from their smartphone . They can set the cabin temperature before they leave their house . And they remotely locate their vehicle in a car park, for example . It additionally shows how far a driver can travel on the fuel they have . This is based on driving style and over time the app learns a driver’s habits . It currently works with a selection of Ford’s electric and hybrid cars but a petrol and diesel version is being developed . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Budget supermarket chain Aldi is stepping it up a notch by launching of a new range of affordable motorcycle gear. The company reckons its £80 jacket and £60 trousers, made from 'high-standard' textile designed to protect against abrasion, are the cheapest in Britain. And they are certainly a bargain compared to the prices of brand leader Weise Avance, whose motorcycle jacket and jeans retail for £1,219.98 altogether - the jacket for £639.99 and trousers for £579.99. Aldi is launching of a new range of affordable motorcycle gear, with this whole outfit costing just £180 . The range of clothes that includes a trousers, boots for £29.99, motorcycle tank bags at a bargain £12.99 and gloves at £19.99, is sure to be snapped up in minutes when it's released on March 8. The store will also sell thermal under layers including a long-sleeved top and long johns. And not only are the clothes a much more affordable option for motorbiking enthusiasts, but they also passed the safety test with flying colours. The pass zone for the Level 2 impact abrasion test is seven seconds of abrasion resistance in body zones 1 and 2, which include the shoulders and elbows. Aldi's jacket and trousers exceed these requirements, achieving over 13 seconds of abrasion resistance across all four zones of the garment. John Chatterton-Ross, of Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM), the governing body for motorcycle racing, said: 'This is the first time I've seen a UK retailer selling a motorcycling jacket and trousers of this high standard at such low prices. Not only are the clothes an affordable option, but they also passed the safety test with flying colours. Pictured: High-standard textile jacket, £80 . 'The protection offered by Aldi's products exceeds the requirements for impact abrasion and impact cut resistance demanded by the European standard for zones 1 and 2 in all zones. 'Few products on the market can match this. Often, even in premium brands, it is only the protectors that are certified, not the rest of the garment. 'It is great to see that with Aldi's motorcycling jacket and trousers, safety does not have to come with a high price tag.' The motorcycling range comes after a whole host of specialist ranges launched by the supermarket - from Equestrian and fishing gear, to yoga and even ski clothing and accessories. And just last June, the chain even brought the world's most expensive beef, Wagyu, to its aisles at £6.99 for a sirloin steak. John Chatterton-Ross, of Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme it's 'the first time I've seen a UK retailer selling a motorcycling jacket and trousers of this high standard at such low prices.' Pictured: Gloves, £19.99 . Tony Baines of Aldi said of the new range: 'Whether shopping for everyday items or hobby equipment within our Specialbuys ranges, we are keen to offer something for everyone'. Pictured: Touring boots, £29.99 . Normally, luxury stores, gourmet butchers and food websites sell the beef for the equivalent of an eye-watering £100 per kilo - putting it out of reach for most families. The move to offer luxury food and clothing at discount prices is part of a wider drive to attract middle and upper income shoppers away from the 'big four' - Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury's and Morrisons. Tony Baines of Aldi said: 'Whether shopping for everyday items or hobby equipment within our Specialbuys ranges, we are keen to offer something for everyone - giving our customers the opportunity to stock up for less without compromising on quality. 'The motorcycling range is of no exception and we're proud of the level of safety we've achieved at this unbeatable price point.' | Aldi is launching super-cheap line of motorcycle gear on 8 March . Prices range from £12.99 for tank bags to £80 for a jacket . Last June, Aldi sold pricey Wagyu beef to the masses for £25 a kilo . |
Is the person who invented bitcoin Japanese? | Satoshi Nakamoto (born 5 April 1975) is the name used by the presumed pseudonymous person or persons who developed bitcoin, authored the bitcoin white paper, and created and deployed bitcoin's original reference implementation. As part of the implementation, Nakamoto also devised the first blockchain database. Nakamoto was active in the development of bitcoin up until December 2010.
There has been widespread speculation about Satoshi Nakamoto's true identity, with a variety of people posited as the person or persons behind the name. Though Nakamoto's name is Japanese, and he stated in 2012 that he was a man living in Japan, most of the speculation has involved software and cryptography experts in the United States or Europe. | The answer is uncertain because this man was presumed to be living in Japan but he or she could be from Europe or American or anywhere in the world. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Germanwings co-pilot Andreas Lubitz was hiding an illness from his employers and had been declared "unfit to work" by a doctor, according to German authorities investigating what could have prompted the seemingly competent and stable pilot to steer his jetliner into a French mountain. Investigators found a letter in the waste bin of his Dusseldorf, Germany, apartment saying that Lubitz, 27, wasn't fit to do his job, city prosecutor Christoph Kumpa said Friday. The note, Kumpa said, had been "slashed." Just what was ailing Lubitz hasn't been revealed. The New York Times and the Wall Street Journal, citing unnamed sources, reported Friday that Lubitz suffered from mental illness and kept his diagnosis concealed from his employer. A Dusseldorf clinic said he'd gone there twice, most recently 17 days ago, "concerning a diagnosis." But the University Clinic said it had not treated Lubitz for depression. German investigators said they still have interviews and other work to do before they'll be able to reveal just what they found in the records in Lubitz's apartment in a quiet, suburban neighborhood. They found no goodbye note or confession, authorities said. But the fact that investigators found "ripped, recent medical leave notes, including for the day of the offense, leads to the preliminary conclusion that the deceased kept his illness secret from his employer and his professional environment," prosecutors said. Authorities left Lubitz's apartment Friday night with boxes of papers and evidence folders after spending about 90 minutes inside. According to authorities in Germany and France, Lubitz was a co-pilot on Germanwings Flight 9525 between Barcelona, Spain, and Dusseldorf on Tuesday when he apparently locked the captain out of the cockpit, then activated a control causing the plane to descend toward rugged terrain. Germanwings said the plane dropped for about eight minutes from its cruising altitude of 38,000 feet before crashing. The only sounds, authorities said, were those of pounding on the cockpit door, Lubitz's steady breathing and, eventually, screaming passengers. An 8-minute descent to death . Lubitz and 149 other people on board the plane died in an instant, authorities say. Mother, daughter among 3 American victims . What could have prompted Lubitz to deliberately destroy the aircraft, killing everyone on board, remained the focus of investigators in Germany. Officials said Lubitz was not known to be on any terrorism list, and his religion was not immediately known. He had passed medical and psychological testing when he was hired in 2013, said Carsten Spohr, CEO of Lufthansa, which owns Germanwings. While the ailment Lubitz had sought treatment for hasn't been revealed, that he was declared unfit for work is an important detail, aviation analysts say. Pilots are required to maintain their fitness to fly and must tell their airline if they're found unfit, CNN aviation analyst David Soucie said. Reuters reported that a German newspaper said Lubitz had been treated for depression about six years ago. Citing internal documents forwarded by Lufthansa to German authorities, Bild reported that Lubitz had suffered a "serious depressive episode" around the time he took a break from his pilot training in 2009, Reuters reported. The Bild report said he then spent about 18 months getting psychiatric treatment. Lufthansa officials and German prosecutors declined to comment on the Bild story, Reuters said. Who was co-pilot Andreas Lubitz? Although authorities have recovered the cockpit voice recorder, the flight data recorder remains missing. It could shed crucial details about what happened inside the cockpit, authorities say. Rescuers have found bodies at the rugged crash site, but few of them are intact, Yves Naffrechoux, captain of rescue operations at Seyne-les-Alpes, told CNN. Dangerous and windy condition at the remote site, which covers more than a square mile, are hampering efforts to recover bodies and evidence, he said. Officials with experience traversing the French Alps are helping technicians who don't have alpine skills, he said. "Since they don't know the mountains, you need to provide them with equipment, you need to hold them with rope, give them crampons so they can work well and as precisely as possible, so that no evidence, no body part could escape their vigilance," Naffrechoux said. Workers are now looking into the possibility of building a road to the site, Naffrechoux said. Recovery teams have made good progress, a French senior paramilitary police official told CNN. Gendarmerie Lt. Col. Jean-Paul Bloy, who is coordinating the helicopter operations for the crash site, said there will be two aircraft deployed over the scene Saturday. There were five on Friday, Bloy said. As that difficult work continued, relatives and friends of the victims traveled on Lufthansa flights to an area near the site where their loved ones perished. They held prayers in Le Vernet, near Seyne-les-Alpes, a village serving as a staging post for the recovery operation. Flowers and pictures sat on the ground, candles flickering in the cold air. Germanwings said it was setting up a family assistance center in Marseille, France, with family briefings to start Saturday. Another flight carrying victims' relatives was due to arrive in Marseille from Barcelona on Friday. "Our focus in these darkest hours is to provide psychological assistance to the families and friends of the victims," said Thomas Winkelmann, a spokesman for the Germanwings executive board. It could be weeks before all the bodies are recovered, identified and released to the families, authorities said. Meanwhile, the European Aviation Safety Agency issued a temporary recommendation that cockpits always be staffed by at least two crew members. "While we are still mourning the victims, all our efforts focus on improving the safety and security of passengers and crews," the agency's director, Patrick Ky, said in a statement. Lufthansa and other German airlines have already adopted the rule, the airline said. An official with the German Aviation Association told CNN that it was only a matter of hours, or a day at most, for this rule to be implemented across all big German airlines. A pilot aboard a Germanwings flight Friday morning spoke out at the beginning of the trip to "reassure passengers that there will be two people present in the cockpit at all times." Lufthansa will now keep two crew members in cockpits . CNN's Catherine E. Shoichet, Greg Botelho, Claudia Rebaza, Frederik Pleitgen, Nic Robertson, Margot Haddad, Stephanie Halasz, Khushbu Shah, Bharati Naik, Ingrid Formanek, Sandrine Amiel, Rosie Tomkins, Will Ripley and Anna Maja Rappard contributed to this report. | Reuters reports German newspaper says Lubitz took break in 2009 due to depression . Ripped medical-leave notes found at his home indicate co-pilot hid an illness, officials say . Investigators found no goodbye letter or evidence of political or religious motivation . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A California man accused of trying to travel to Syria to join ISIS was indicted Wednesday, charged with attempting to support terror and other counts. Adam Dandach, 21, of Orange, California, was arrested July 3 and initially charged in a complaint of making false statements on a passport application with plans to fly from Orange County's John Wayne Airport to Istanbul, Turkey, and eventually reach Syria, the FBI said. Dandach was initially indicted in July on charges of making the false statements, and he pleaded not guilty, authorities said. But on Wednesday, a superseding indictment accused Dandach of attempting to provide himself and material support to work under the direction and control of ISIS, the FBI said. The new indictment accuses him of lying when applying for a replacement passport and then presenting the passport to an airline employee to travel to Istanbul, the FBI in Los Angeles said. Dandach is also accused of trying to obstruct the investigation by instructing a website administrator to delete his post history, authorities said. Virginia teen accused of being ISIS recruiter . Dandach, who is also known as "Fadi Fadi Dandach," is scheduled to be arraigned March 16. Dandach and his attorney couldn't be immediately reach for comment Wednesday. He is charged with one count of attempting to provide material support and resources to a terror group; two counts of making of a false statement on a passport application to facilitate international terrorism; and one count of obstruction of justice, authorities said. "If convicted of all the charges in the indictment, Dandach would face a statutory maximum sentence of 15 years in federal prison for the material support charge, up to 25 years for each of the two passport fraud charges, and a statutory maximum of 25 years for obstruction of justice offense," the FBI said in a statement. CNN's Rosalina Nieves contributed to this report. | Adam Dandach, 21, of Orange, California, was arrested July 3 . He was initially indicted on charges of making false statements on a passport application . The new superseding indictment accuses Dandach of attempting to assist the terror group ISIS . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kendall Jenner looks like a total knockout in her colorful new video campaign for Estee Lauder, which introduces the iconic beauty brand's new collaboration with the French fashion house Courrèges, and shows the model playfully taking a swing at the camera. The 19-year-old, who was named as the face of Estee Lauder last November, can be seen modeling bright pink lip gloss and silver eyeliner from the 12-piece limited edition collection in the clip, which debuted on Monday. Kendall proudly shared a photo of herself donning a shocking pink patent leather jacket and an orange visor today on Instagram, and within three hours the snapshot received nearly 450,000 likes and more than 10,000 comments. Scroll down for video . Fresh coat: Kendall Jenner can be seen applying Estee Lauder's new Super Gloss, which retails for $26, in the brand's new campaign video introducing its collaboration with the the French fashion house Courrèges . Boxing beauty: Kendall punched the camera during the playful video shoot . In the 20-second clip, Kendall also sported a hooded sweatshirt, made out of white netting, oversized white sunglasses, and a transparent orange zip-up. The brunette reality star-turned-fashion icon was filmed throwing a punch at the camera, whipping her hair back and forth and kissing the brand's new Lip Visor, which retails for $26. Estee Lauder's new futuristic video honors legendary designer André Courrèges' 1964 Space Age-inspired collection and features the brand's bright mod-inspired beauty products. After the label shared the footage on its Instagram account on Monday, many fans wanted to know what beauty products Kendall was wearing. Pucker up: Kendall kissed Estee Lauder's new Lip Visor, which retails for $26 . One commenter wrote: '@esteelauder what's the lipstick she's wearing please? [sic]' The brand quickly responded, telling the fan Kendall was wearing Estee Lauder Super Gloss in Rosy Future. Others complimented Kendall's beauty. 'She is so gorgeous,' one woman wrote. Another added: 'She is PERFECTION [sic].' Popular picture: The 19-year-old model shared this photo from the clip on her Instagram page on Monday morning and received nearly 450,000 likes within three hours of it being posted . Mod look: Kendall modeled a bright pink patent leather coat, white mini-skirt and an orange visor in the video inspired by legendary designer André Courrèges' 1964 Space Age collection . Kendall is more in-demand than ever, and the hard-working model's career shows no indication of slowing down anytime soon. Yesterday, Kendall posted a snap of herself with famed photographer Mario Testino and fellow model Gigi Hadid to Instagram as she announced that she will be in Vogue's April issue, captioning the picture: 'Dream team #Vogue.' Her big sister Khloe Kardashian also shared a picture from Kendall and Gigi's Vogue spread, which shows the two models posed with Kylie Jenner's dog Norman. Double trouble: The realty TV star whipped her hair back and forth during the video . Dream team: Kendall shared this photo of herself posed next to famed photographer Mario Testino and fellow model Gigi Hadid as she announced that she will be appearing in the April issue of Vogue . 'I am so proud and stoked that Kendall & GiGi are in Vogue together and killing the game!! But, how crazy is it that Norman made the issue as well! Kylie, your baby made it big! This is what happens when Kendall dog sits [sic],' Khloe wrote. Kendall was more casually dressed on Sunday when she was spotted with a mystery man in West Hollywood, California. She donned skinny jeans, a T-shirt with cuffed sleeves and a pair of high top sneakers designed by her brother-in-law Kanye West for Adidas Originals. New friend: Kendall was spotted with this mystery man yesterday in West Hollywood . Comfy look: Kendall paired skinny jeans and a T-shirt with a pair of high top sneakers designed by her brother-in-law Kanye West for Adidas Originals . | The 19-year-old model revealed that she had been signed as the face of the iconic beauty brand last November . Kendall’s new campaign showcases the brand's Courrèges collection, which was inspired by the French fashion house's 1960s futuristic designs . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | London (CNN)An investigation is underway after a canine competitor died the day after taking part in Crufts, one of the world's most prestigious dog shows. An autopsy indicates he was poisoned. Three-year-old Irish setter Thendara Satisfaction -- known to his owners as Jagger -- took second prize in his class at the event in Birmingham, central England, on Thursday. But just a day later, after returning home to Belgium, he became ill. Owner-breeder Dee Milligan-Bott told CNN Jagger was "finding it hard to breathe" so a veterinarian was called, but the dog died before he could get there. "The vet thought it was suspicious, so carried out an autopsy," she said. "They found cubes of beef in his stomach that had at least two types of poison inside. Pieces of beef had been stitched together so that the poison didn't come out. "He had enough in his system to kill a horse, according to the vet," said Milligan-Bott, who is at a loss to explain why Jagger was targeted: "We can't fathom why anyone would do this." "I've been doing this for 30-odd years and I think I would have to give up on everything if I believed that someone who shows and breeds dogs would kill a dog. We all do this because we love dogs. If you hate me for being successful, then stick a brick through my window or something. But why would you involve a dog?" Toxicology tests are being carried out. The vet has reported the dog's death to Belgian police, and Milligan-Bott said she would likely contact West Midlands Police in the UK too. A spokesperson for the Kennel Club, organizers of the Crufts dog show, said there had never been such an incident in the history of the competition, which dates back to 1891. "We are deeply shocked and saddened to hear this terrible news and our heartfelt sympathies go out to Jagger's owners," said Caroline Kisko, secretary of the Kennel Club, in a statement. "We understand that a toxicology report is due next week and that this matter has been reported to the police - we will work with them and help however we can." Television personality and writer Clare Balding, who hosts TV coverage of Crufts in the UK, took to Twitter to express her shock at the news: "Everyone at #Crufts2015 horrified at death of Irish Setter Jagger & post-mortem found poison. Awful for all concerned," she tweeted. | Three-year-old Irish setter Jagger died suddenly after competing at Crufts dog show . An autopsy revealed poison sewn into cubes of beef in his stomach . "We can't fathom why anyone would do this," owner-breeder Dee Milligan-Bott tells CNN . |
Extract out some details about Hair of the Dog Brewing Company brewery from given paragraph | Hair of the Dog Brewing Company is a brewery in Portland, Oregon. Several of its beers are bottle conditioned. The tasting room in southeast Portland's Buckman neighborhood closed on June 26, 2022.
Alan Sprints is the owner and brewer with a few helpers, including his sister and his three sons. He graduated from Le Cordon Bleu culinary school. He was president of the home brewers club Oregon Brew Crew, prior to founding Hair of the Dog in 1993.
The brewery's biggest claim to fame was its barley wine, Dave. Its Eve beer was frozen distilled three times. The brewery's Adam beer is a recreation of an Adambier, a historic brew that was originally made in Dortmund, Germany. | 1. Hair of the Dog Brewing Company is a brewery in Portland, Oregon.
2. Several of its beers are bottle conditioned. The tasting room in southeast Portland's Buckman neighborhood closed on June 26, 2022.
3. The tasting room in southeast Portland's Buckman neighborhood closed on June 26, 2022.
4. Alan Sprints is the owner and brewer with a few helpers, including his sister and his three sons.
5. He graduated from Le Cordon Bleu culinary school.
6. He was president of the home brewers club Oregon Brew Crew, prior to founding Hair of the Dog in 1993.
7. The brewery's biggest claim to fame was its barley wine, Dave.
8. Its Eve beer was frozen distilled three times.
9. The brewery's Adam beer is a recreation of an Adambier, a historic brew that was originally made in Dortmund, Germany. |
What was the compelling event that shut down the IRRI station? | IRRI station is a railway station located on the South Main Line in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. It is a flag stop for the line as there are no platforms yet being erected, temporary stairs for the trains are added in the meantime to facilitate loading and unloading.
History
In December 2019, the flag stop was opened as PNR extended the Metro South Commuter trips by adding 5 more stations on the present commuter line. KiHa 59 series and KiHa 35 trainsets ply the route, with the former servicing the entire route to Tutuban and the latter going up to Alabang only. The station served as the southern terminus of the newly opened line.
Services was disrupted as soon as the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic takes effect mid-March 2020. As of October 2021, the service is still inactive.
A passing loop was planned for possible use of locomotives in the station but only the switch was laid. This plan was not realized as of October 2021.
In January 2022, the railway switch and the steel stairs was dismantled by PNR Crew along with DEL 5007 to be repurposed for the upcoming Inter-Provincial Commuter Train Service between San Pablo City in the province of Laguna and Lucena City in the province of Quezon. Only some dismantled rail pieces and railfrogs remain scattered in the area of the flagstop. In May 25, 2022, an inspection train hailing from Dela Rosa Station travelled to IRRI Flagstop with officials onboard to conduct certification of the railway from Manila to Los Banos for possible reopening of commuter services along with the San Pablo-Lucena Commuter Line. The trainset used consist of DHL-9003, PC 8303, with DEL 5007 at the end serving as a back engine. As of July 2022 only the line connecting Laguna and Quezon Province had been realised while the Dela Rosa-IRRI-San Pablo is still pending due to lack of available train. | Unfortunately, the IRRI station railway located on the South Main LIne in Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines became inactive in mid-March of 2020 due to COVID lockdowns. |
What is the colloquial term for LSD? | Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German Lysergsäure-diethylamid), also known colloquially as acid, is a potent psychedelic drug. Effects typically include intensified thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception. At sufficiently high dosages LSD manifests primarily mental, visual, as well as auditory, hallucinations. Dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, and increased body temperature are typical. Effects typically begin within half an hour and can last for up to 20 hours. LSD is also capable of causing mystical experiences and ego dissolution. It is used mainly as a recreational drug or for spiritual reasons. LSD is both the prototypical psychedelic and one of the "classical" psychedelics, being the psychedelics with the greatest scientific and cultural significance. LSD is typically either swallowed or held under the tongue. | Lysergic acid diethylamide is commonly known as LSD or acid |
In which part of Germany is the town Kirchenlamitz located? | Kirchenlamitz is a town in the district of Wunsiedel, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated in the Fichtelgebirge, 13 km northwest of Wunsiedel and 19 km south of Hof. | Bavaria |
How long was the Nazi German battleship Bismarck active during WWII? | In the course of the warship's eight-month career, Bismarck conducted only one offensive operation that lasted 8 days in May 1941, codenamed Rheinübung. The ship, along with the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen, was to break into the Atlantic Ocean and raid Allied shipping from North America to Great Britain. The two ships were detected several times off Scandinavia, and British naval units were deployed to block their route. At the Battle of the Denmark Strait, the battlecruiser HMS Hood initially engaged Prinz Eugen, probably by mistake, while HMS Prince of Wales engaged Bismarck. In the ensuing battle Hood was destroyed by the combined fire of Bismarck and Prinz Eugen, which then damaged Prince of Wales and forced her retreat. Bismarck suffered sufficient damage from three hits by Prince of Wales to force an end to the raiding mission. | The Bismarck was active for only 8 months of World WarII. The Bismarck and an accompanying heavy crusier, the Prinz Eugen engaged with two British battlecruisers, the Hood and the Prince of Wales off the Denmark Strait in May 1941. During the engagement, the Hood was destroyed but the Bismarck suffered damage from fire from the Price of Wales that forced the Nazi battleship to effectively end its operations. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Stoke striker Bojan Krkic continues to step up his recovery from cruciate knee ligament surgery, posting a video on his Instagram account proving his progress. The 24-year-old suffered the injury during Stoke’s 4-1 FA Cup win at Rochdale at the end of January and subsequently had surgery on February 11 back in Barcelona. The video shows the Spaniard running on the spot in a swimming pool and then on the treatment table with some peculiar apparatus assessing his leg muscles. Stoke striker Bojan Krkic continues his recuperation in the swimming pool after knee ligament surgery . Bojan posted a video on his Instagram account with this machine working on his leg muscles . However the Stoke forward is all smiles in the quick video and hopes to be back in light training by May. Since surgery last month the former Barcelona striker has documented his recovery on social media, accompanying this Instagram video with the caption ‘#Day27 #ComingBackStronger’ Bojan began to hit top form for Mark Hughes’ side with five goals this season before the injury struck and is evidently determined to return in the same form. Providing that his recovery continues without complications, Bojan will be fully fit and ready to go on the first day of pre-season for next campaign with the Potters. The 24-year-old Stoke striker raises a thumbs up to the camera as he continues his recovery from surgery . Bojan damaged his knee during the FA Cup tie with Rochdale back in January and has since has surgery . Bojan Krkic receives treatment after damaging his cruciate knee ligament against Rochdale in January . Bojan celebrates scoring against Rochdale before suffering his knee injury at Rochdale . | Bojan Krkic damaged his cruciate knee ligament in January . Stoke forward underwent an operation in Barcelona in February . The former Barcelona star is hopeful of returning to light training in May . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | UEFA president Michel Platini is preparing a crackdown on bad behaviour by players in a bid to eradicate the intimidation of officials from European competitions. Platini fears future generations of footballers and fans will be put off the game by scenes such as those of nine Chelsea players pressuring Dutch referee Bjorn Kuipers to send off PSG’s Zlatan Ibrahimovic. Unlike the FA, UEFA do not have specific guidelines covering incidents of crowding the referee or a system of punishments, but they are looking into it. Michel Platini (left) during the UEFA Euro 2016 Steering Committee Meeting in Lyon on Thursday . UEFA spokesman Pedro Pinto said: ‘The UEFA president has recently been more concerned about the behaviour of players on the pitch. 'We would like to see an environment where players would accept the decisions taken and where they would not employ the tactic of pressure and intimidation of the officials during the game. ‘There is a strong interest internally to look at specific initiatives and campaigns, and possibly regulations that would have an impact on the behaviour of players. John Terry (centre) led the protests as he screamed at the referee following Ibrahimovic's first-half challenge . ‘It is not a good example for fans, for future players or for the image of the game.’ The FA have the power to fine clubs if they are guilty of mass confrontation or intimidating the match officials. Chelsea admitted a charge of surrounding referee Jon Moss during a game against Everton earlier this month and were warned about their future conduct. The Chelsea players surround referee Bjorn Kuipers at Stamford Bridge as he brandishes the red card . | UEFA don't have specific guidelines for incidents of crowding the referee . The FA have the power to fine clubs if they are guilty of mass confrontation or intimidating the match officials . Chelsea had nine players surround referee Bjorn Kuipers pressuring him to send off PSG's Zlatan Ibrahimovic at Stamford Bridge on Wednesday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The war of words continues between two of Britain's most talented boxers as Billy Joe Saunders demands Chris Eubank Jnr beats Gary 'Spike' O'Sullivan for the rematch to become a possibility. It was just five months ago that Eubank Jnr and Saunders walked into the ExCel Arena to do battle for the British, Commonwealth and European middleweight titles and it appears there's no love lost between the pair. Unbeaten Saunders defeated the son of boxing legend Chris Eubank Snr on points, in a match-up which could have gone either way. Chris Eubank Jnr (left) and Billy Joe Saunders previously fought in November at the ExCel Arena . Billy Joe Saunders started the argument when he tweeted Chris Eubank Jnr and calling him a 'bottlejob' Saunders got the better of Eubank on points but their dislike for each other shows no sign of ending . The spat show that their is no love lost between the feuding pair and a rematch is very much on the agenda . Their feud was ongoing up until the bout and it's shown no signs of letting up since - if their latest Twitter bust-up is anything to go by. Saunders reignited the argument by tweeting Eubank Jnr and provoking him into a reaction over commenting about a potential fight with Gary 'Spike' O'Sullivan - calling him a 'bottlejob.' Eubank was quick to fire back and stated that he'd defeat O'Sullivan before coming for Saunders and a potential rematch. These tweets transcended into chaos as both fighters went toe-to-toe in an online argument with insults instead of punches being exchanged. The boxers continued to exchange insults to keep their ongoing disagreement going after their match . Saunders defended his British, Commonwealth and European middleweight titles when he won the bout . It leaves open the door for a rematch to be agreed and after gaining the attention of the Twitter-sphere - it's sure to be a fight that the boxing world wants to see. Saunders is yet to fight since dispatching of Eubank Jnr, with the Hatfield-boxer turned down a shot of the IBF middleweight title to honour his vow to fight for the WBO. Eubank has been quick to try get career back on track after losing his unbeaten record to his rival and stopped Dmitry Chudinov of Russia at the O2 Arena in February. Eubank's final tweet to Saunders was sure to get under his skin as the online battle between them exploded . Saunders (left) has previously fought Gary O'Sullivan (right) and called for Eubank Jnr to fight him . | Chris Eubank Jnr and Billy Joe Saunders involved in heated Twitter fallout . The duo fought in November and that saw Saunders come out on top . Eubank Jnr is keen for a rematch and recently beat Dmitry Chudinov . Click here for all the latest boxing news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Michael Carrick has given Manchester United a big lift ahead of their clash with arch-rivals Liverpool by signing a new one-year contract at Old Trafford. The England midfielder has emerged as a key figure under Louis van Gaal despite missing the first two-and-half months of the season with an ankle injury sustained in the Dutchman’s first training session last summer. Van Gaal has made Carrick his vice-captain and the midfielder’s impressive displays culminated in him creating the opening goal for Marouane Fellaini in last weekend’s 3-0 win at home to Tottenham before scoring himself with a rare headed effort . Michael Carrick has signed a new one-year deal at Manchester United . Carrick has made 17 appearances for Manchester United this season . The 33-year-old, who joined United from Spurs for £18.6million in 2006, was due to be out of contract in the summer but the club have exercised an option to extend it for another 12 months. Speaking at his weekly press conference ahead of Sunday’s trip to Anfield, Van Gaal said: ‘He is important. He can read the game as a player on the pitch so he can coach during the game but he can improve that, I think. ‘And he is also a midfielder who can play the ball forwards and that I like because our aim is always passing the ball more forwards than sideways or backwards. Carrick has won five Premier League titles with Manchester United as well as the Champions League . Carrick joined Manchester United from Tottenham in 2006 for £18.6m . ‘And he is my second (vice) captain, he is an important man for my selection. ‘Wayne Rooney is my first captain and Michael Carrick is my second captain and that say enough what I think about those players. ‘Wayne Rooney is Wayne Rooney and Michael Carrick is Michael Carrick. These are different people.’ | Michael Carrick has signed a new deal keeping him at the club until 2016 . Carrick joined Manchester United from Tottenham in 2006 for £18.6m . Carrick scored in the 3-0 win over former club Spurs at the weekend . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Former Newcastle United striker Faustino Asprilla handed an aircraft pilot a bottle so he would not have to leave his co-pilot alone if he needed to go to the toilet mid-flight. The Colombian-born football star was after boarding a flight in Moscow when he approached the flight deck. He told his 102,000 followers on Instagram that he expressed his fears to the pilot as a result of the recent Germanwings tragedy where pilot Andreas Lubitz crashed his jet into the Alps. Former Newcastle striker Faustino Asprilla (left) claims he ordered a pilot to remain in cockpit during flight . Sitting on an aircraft, Asprilla told his followers: 'I went to the pilot's cabin. I strictly forbid the pilot to get out and urinate because if that other lunatic locks the door in, it will happen what happened in that other flight. Everyone knows. 'If he wants to urinate, I have him an empty bottle of water.' Asprilla played for Newcastle United between 1996 and 1998, although manager Kenny Dalglish had problems with the Colombian's playboy lifestyle. Earlier, Asprilla tweeted a photograph of himself looking nervous in an airport departure lounge with an aircraft over his shoulder. Faustino Asprilla told his 100,000 Instagram followers that he warned an airline pilot against taking a mid-flight toilet break during his recent flight. The former Newcastle United star gave the pilot a bottle instead. Asprilla joined Newcastle from Italian club Parma and returned after his two-year stay on Tyneside. However, the club is facing serious problems, having been officially declared bankrupt while their chairman Giampietro Maneti was arrested for money laundering. The club faces debts of £60 million. Asprilla posted a photograph on Twitter looking nervous before boarding the flight . | Faustino Asprilla posed looking nervous in the departure lounge . He told his Instagram followers that he warned the pilot about toilet breaks . Asprilla claimed he gave the pilot an empty water bottle for emergencies . He said he did not want the 'other lunatic' to lock the door and crash . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Timothy Royle is alleged to have stole almost £7,000 of cash as well as expensive equipment from the school where he was headteacher . A headteacher who advised Gordon Brown and David Cameron's governments on education pocketed almost £7,000 of school cash and stole expensive equipment, a court heard today. Timothy Royle is alleged to have falsely reported how bursary funds were spent over the three years leading up to his retirement from Highdown School and Sixth Form Centre in 2012. All the while, he was keeping the cash and taking home cameras, a MacBook Pro laptop, an iMac computer and a set of speakers and headphones, a court heard. The 64-year-old was appointed as one of the first national leaders in education, awarded to headteachers of outstanding schools who advise the Government on policy and help other struggling schools. He joined the Reading-based school, Berkshire, in 1998 and is accused of pocketing £2,000 in 2008, £2,246 the following year and £2,550 in 2010. Prosecuting, John Law told the jury at Reading Crown Court: 'This defendant is accused of offences of fraud and of theft. 'He was the headteacher of a school and we say he abused the status he had and the school had, by keeping public monies for his own benefit. 'He also took when retiring from the school items with him that he was not entitled to.' The court heard alarm bells were sounded by the school business manager after Royle retired and an investigation was launched. Mr Law told the jury: 'You will hear in this case about something called the National College for Teaching and Leadership. This case is about payments that the public body paid to Highdown School. 'Mr Royle was recognised for his work and selected as a national leader of education. The school was given national support school status. High performing schools assist others, so monies are available in association with that.' The court was told that the school was entitled to bursary grants between 2008 and 2010, which helped cover the costs of sending staff to other schools and to training days. Nicholas Syfret QC, defending, said that Royle had been 'instrumental' in improving the previously failing school, so much so the arts building was named in his honour. Mr Law said: 'The payments were applied for and made directly into a business account in Mr Royle's name. After that, he had to file a report at the end of the year to say where the money had been spent. Mr Royle joined Highdown School and Sixth Form Centre in Reading, Berkshire (pictured) in 1998 and is accused of pocketing £2,000 in 2008, £2,246 the following year and £2,550 in 2010 . 'If any funds are left over at the end of the year, they are repaid to the National College or knocked off the following year. 'What we say Mr Royle did was to falsely report - lie - that the money was spent on attending conferences when he knew the school paid for attendance of conferences, both directly and by paying him back for invoices he sent to the school. 'The real question is whether Mr Royle was acting dishonestly.' The court heard after Royle retired, staff noticed a number of items missing. Police went to his house in Woolton Hill, near Newbury, Berkshire and found items matching the description of the ones reported missing. Mr Law said: 'We understand that the defendant accepts that the computers had come from the school but the Nikon camera, Sony video camera and headphones did not. The former headteacher (pictured meeting then Education and Employemnt secretary David Blunkett in 2001) has now been arrested for fraud . 'What he was saying is that he was entitled to take the computers for reasons including that there would be work on there he might need to access.' Witness Neil Dimbleby, who was deputy headteacher at the school at the time, said he knew Royle had taken two computers when he left and wasn't aware of any agreement to allow the headteacher to take them. But he was challenged by the defence lawyer Mr Syfret who said the deputy had never seen any documents pertaining to how the bursary was run at the time of the alleged offence. 'There may have been a policy for recovering items from the school,' Mr Syfret added. 'That would certainly be delegated to the headteacher. 'If these decisions involved what was done with old laptops, that would not necessarily involve you.' Royle denies three counts of fraud and five counts of theft. The trial continues. Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Timothy Royle is alleged to have stole thousands from Highdown School . He also took home cameras, a two Apple computers and a set of speakers . Former headteacher Royle denies three counts of fraud and five of theft . The 64-year-old was previously an advisor on government education policy . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Marine biologists at the South Carolina Aquarium are treating a rare, 475-pound leatherback sea turtle that washed up Saturday on a nearby beach. The episode marks the first rescue of a leatherback sea turtle in South Carolina and is believed to be only the fifth live rescue of this species in the United States, according to the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. The endangered turtle was found stranded on the Yawkey-South Island Preserve, a wildlife refuge near Georgetown, South Carolina. Rescuers named it Yawkey. Because the turtle is believed to be a juvenile -- rescuers say it's probably less than 10 years old -- and has not reached sexual maturity, biologists can't yet determine its sex. Rescuers found no external signs of trauma to the reptile, although it was hypoglycemic. Staffers with the aquarium's sea turtle rescue program gave it antibiotics, vitamins and some time to recover at their facilities. The treatments appear to be helping. Aquarium officials said the turtle was more energetic Tuesday than when it was first admitted. Even so, leatherback turtles historically don't do well in captivity. For that reason, aquarium staffers are working with the state's Department of Natural Resources to determine the best place and time to release the turtle back into the ocean -- most likely within the next few days. Leatherbacks are the largest turtles on Earth and can grow up to 2,000 pounds. They are found throughout the world's oceans and have been spotted as far north as Norway and as far south as South America. | Staffers at the South Carolina Aquarium are treating a rare, 475-pound leatherback sea turtle . The turtle washed up Saturday on a nearby beach and may be returned to the ocean soon . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Martin Guptill became the first man to score a double hundred in a Cricket World Cup knockout match and propelled co-hosts New Zealand into the semi-finals as they sealed a 143-run win against West Indies. The 28-year-old batsman was dropped in the first over before going on to score 237 from 163 balls — including 24 fours and 11 sixes, one of which found the roof of Wellington’s Westpac Stadium in the final over. The record-breaking innings — the second highest one-day international score of all time behind Indian Rohit Sharma’s 264 — helped his side to 393-6. Martin Guptill celebrates after scoring his double century during New Zealand's win over the West Indies . ‘I’m still not really sure what happened,’ said Guptill. ‘I am incredibly proud of what we achieved today and hopefully moving forward we can win another game and then another one after that.’ The fact Guptill was the first New Zealander to pass 200 in a ODI was not really a surprise. He scored 189 not out against England in 2013 and said, looking back at that innings, he felt he could have achieved the mark then. ‘I did muck around in the middle overs of that innings but I wouldn’t take it back at all,’ added Guptill. ‘To set the record and then break it again is pretty amazing and I just have to try to do it again I guess.’ The batsman recorded the second highest one-day international score in the sports history with 237 . In reply, West Indies were all out for 250 in 30.3 overs, with Trent Boult claiming four for 44 to become the leading wicket-taker in the tournament. New Zealand will face South Africa in the semi-finals while Australia play India in the other match. It could have been so different, though, had Marlon Samuels held a catch just three balls in which would have sent Guptill back to the pavilion. Guptill also survived two lbw shouts but New Zealand captain Brendon McCullum had less luck at the other end as he fell for 12 runs. Guptill was given a standing ovation following his impressive innings in the World Cup clash . | Martin Guptill scored an impressive 237 from 163 balls for New Zealand . The co-hosts are through to the semi-finals after beating the West Indies . Guptill could have been caught out but was dropped by Marlon Samuels . Click here for all the latest Cricket World Cup news . |
Summarize the history of NATO | The Treaty of Dunkirk was signed by France and the United Kingdom on 4 March 1947, during the aftermath of World War II and the start of the Cold War, as a Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance in the event of possible attacks by Germany or the Soviet Union. In March 1948, this alliance was expanded in the Treaty of Brussels to include the Benelux countries, forming the Brussels Treaty Organization, commonly known as the Western Union. Talks for a wider military alliance, which could include North America, also began that month in the United States, where their foreign policy under the Truman Doctrine promoted international solidarity against actions they saw as communist aggression, such as the February 1948 coup d'état in Czechoslovakia. These talks resulted in the signature of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949 by the member states of the Western Union plus the United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland. Canadian diplomat Lester B. Pearson was a key author and drafter of the treaty.
A long rectangular room with multiple rows of seated individuals on each side, and flags hanging at the far end.
West Germany joined NATO in 1955, which led to the formation of the rival Warsaw Pact during the Cold War.
The North Atlantic Treaty was largely dormant until the Korean War initiated the establishment of NATO to implement it with an integrated military structure. This included the formation of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in 1951, which adopted many of the Western Union's military structures and plans, including their agreements on standardizing equipment and agreements on stationing foreign military forces in European countries. In 1952, the post of Secretary General of NATO was established as the organization's chief civilian. That year also saw the first major NATO maritime exercises, Exercise Mainbrace and the accession of Greece and Turkey to the organization. Following the London and Paris Conferences, West Germany was permitted to rearm militarily, as they joined NATO in May 1955, which was, in turn, a major factor in the creation of the Soviet-dominated Warsaw Pact, delineating the two opposing sides of the Cold War.
The building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 marked a height in Cold War tensions, when 400,000 US troops were stationed in Europe. Doubts over the strength of the relationship between the European states and the United States ebbed and flowed, along with doubts over the credibility of the NATO defence against a prospective Soviet invasion – doubts that led to the development of the independent French nuclear deterrent and the withdrawal of France from NATO's military structure in 1966. In 1982, the newly democratic Spain joined the alliance.
The Revolutions of 1989 in Europe led to a strategic re-evaluation of NATO's purpose, nature, tasks, and focus on the continent. In October 1990, East Germany became part of the Federal Republic of Germany and the alliance, and in November 1990, the alliance signed the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) in Paris with the Soviet Union. It mandated specific military reductions across the continent, which continued after the collapse of the Warsaw Pact in February 1991 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union that December, which removed the de facto main adversaries of NATO. This began a draw-down of military spending and equipment in Europe. The CFE treaty allowed signatories to remove 52,000 pieces of conventional armaments in the following sixteen years, and allowed military spending by NATO's European members to decline by 28 percent from 1990 to 2015. In 1990 assurances were given by several Western leaders to Mikhail Gorbachev that NATO would not expand further east, as revealed by memoranda of private conversations. However, the final text of the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, signed later that year, contained no mention of the issue of eastward expansion.
Two tall concrete sections of a wall in a grass lawn in front of a curved building with blue-glass windows.
The Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked a turning point in NATO's role in Europe, and this section of the wall is now displayed outside NATO headquarters.
In the 1990s, the organization extended its activities into political and humanitarian situations that had not formerly been NATO concerns. During the Breakup of Yugoslavia, the organization conducted its first military interventions in Bosnia from 1992 to 1995 and later Yugoslavia in 1999. These conflicts motivated a major post-Cold War military restructuring. NATO's military structure was cut back and reorganized, with new forces such as the Headquarters Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps established.
Politically, the organization sought better relations with the newly autonomous Central and Eastern European states, and diplomatic forums for regional cooperation between NATO and its neighbours were set up during this post-Cold War period, including the Partnership for Peace and the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative in 1994, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997, and the NATO–Russia Permanent Joint Council in 1998. At the 1999 Washington summit, Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic officially joined NATO, and the organization also issued new guidelines for membership with individualized "Membership Action Plans". These plans governed the subsequent addition of new alliance members. The election of French President Nicolas Sarkozy in 2007 led to a major reform of France's military position, culminating with the return to full membership on 4 April 2009, which also included France rejoining the NATO Military Command Structure, while maintaining an independent nuclear deterrent.
Article 5 of the North Atlantic treaty, requiring member states to come to the aid of any member state subject to an armed attack, was invoked for the first and only time after the September 11 attacks, after which troops were deployed to Afghanistan under the NATO-led ISAF. The organization has operated a range of additional roles since then, including sending trainers to Iraq, assisting in counter-piracy operations, and in 2011 enforcing a no-fly zone over Libya in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 1973.
Russia's annexation of Crimea led to strong condemnation by all NATO members, and was one of the seven times that Article 4, which calls for consultation among NATO members, has been invoked. Prior times included during the Iraq War and Syrian Civil War. At the 2014 Wales summit, the leaders of NATO's member states formally committed for the first time to spend the equivalent of at least two percent of their gross domestic products on defence by 2024, which had previously been only an informal guideline. At the 2016 Warsaw summit, NATO countries agreed on the creation of NATO Enhanced Forward Presence, which deployed four multinational battalion-sized battlegroups in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. Before and during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, several NATO countries sent ground troops, warships and fighter aircraft to reinforce the alliance's eastern flank, and multiple countries again invoked Article 4. In March 2022, NATO leaders met at Brussels for an extraordinary summit which also involved Group of Seven and European Union leaders. NATO member states agreed to establish four additional battlegroups in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia, and elements of the NATO Response Force were activated for the first time in NATO's history.
As of June 2022, NATO had deployed 40,000 troops along its 2,500-kilometre-long (1,550 mi) Eastern flank to deter Russian aggression. More than half of this number have been deployed in Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and Poland, which five countries muster a considerable combined ex-NATO force of 259,000 troops. To supplement Bulgaria's Air Force, Spain sent Eurofighter Typhoons, the Netherlands sent eight F-35 attack aircraft, and additional French and US attack aircraft would arrive soon as well.
NATO enjoys public support across its member states. | The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord), or North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance, the Western Alliance, is a military alliance. It was established by the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949 and it was signed in Washington, DC, United States, on April 4, 1949. Its members in 1949 were the United States, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, the United Kingdom, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland. On 18 February 1952, Greece and Turkey also joined.
When West Germany joined the organization on 9 May 1955 it was described as "a decisive turning point in the history of our continent" by Halvard Lange, Foreign Minister of Norway at the time., the result was the Warsaw Pact, signed on 14 May 1955 by the Soviet Union and its satellite states as response to NATO.
After the Cold War in 1999 three former communist countries, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland joined NATO. On 29 March 2004 seven more Northern European and Eastern European countries joined NATO: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and also Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania.
Croatia and Albania received NATO membership invitation on 3 April 2008. The Republic of Macedonia received the only conditional invitation because it was vetoed by Greece because of its name dispute with Greece.
Montenegro joined on 5 June 2017. Having changed its name to end the dispute, North Macedonia joined NATO on 27 March 2020 and became its 30th member. Ireland officially joined NATO on 8 September 2020 as an observer.
In April 2023, Finland joined NATO, following efforts to join since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Angelina Jolie took the stage Saturday at Nickelodeon's 28th Annual Kids' Choice Awards and delivered a message of hope to anyone who's ever felt out of place. In her first public appearance since revealing that she underwent a second preventive surgery to lower her risk of cancer, Jolie attended the show with her children, Shiloh and Zahara. She hugged them before she went to the stage to accept the favorite villain award for her role as Maleficent in the live-action reimagining of "Sleeping Beauty." "When I was little, like Maleficent, I was told that I was different. And I felt out of place -- too loud, too full of fire, never good at sitting still, never good at fitting in," the 39-year-old actor and humanitarian said. "And, then one day I realized something, something that I hope you all realize: Different is good," she said, prompting enthusiastic screams from the young crowd. "And, as your villain, I would also say cause a little trouble -- it's good for you." Jolie's career has been full of unconventional twists and turns, from her breakthrough role in the biopic "Gia" to her current role as an actor, filmmaker and special envoy of the U.N.'s High Commissioner for Refugees. Her personal life also has made front page headlines over the years, including her adoption of children from developing countries and her candor in discussing her health. Jolie, 39, wrote Tuesday in a New York Times essay that she had opted for the surgery after blood tests revealed markers that might have been an indication of early cancer. Two years ago, she underwent a double mastectomy for similar reasons. Jolie's mother died of ovarian cancer, and the actress has a gene mutation that makes her chances of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer much higher than the overall population. Jolie's revelation provoked an outpouring of support as the news spread across social media. "It is not easy to make these decisions. But it is possible to take control and tackle head-on any health issue. You can seek advice, learn about the options and make choices that are right for you. Knowledge is power," she wrote. | Angelina Jolie tells Kids' Choice Awards audience that she felt out of place growing up . She came to accept that "different is good" |
Based on the reference text, which album helped Taylor Swift shift from a country star to more of a pop star? | Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Her genre-spanning discography, songwriting and artistic reinventions have received critical praise and wide media coverage. Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville at age 14 to become a country artist. She signed a songwriting deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing in 2004 and a recording contract with Big Machine Records in 2005. Her 2006 self-titled debut album made her the first female country artist (singer) to write a U.S. platinum-certified album.
Swift's next albums, Fearless (2008) and Speak Now (2010), explored country pop. The former's "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me" were the first country songs to top the U.S. pop and all-genre airplay charts, respectively. She experimented with rock and electronic styles on Red (2012), which featured her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one song, "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", and eschewed her country image in her synth-pop album, 1989 (2014), supported by chart-topping songs "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", and "Bad Blood". Media scrutiny inspired the urban-flavored Reputation (2017) and its number-one single "Look What You Made Me Do". | Taylor Swift's 1989 album was her first pop album, helping change her image from a country star. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | When applying for a job as a litter picker, a 'head for heights' is not usually required. But for these abseiling cleaners collecting rubbish thrown down the cliff of a Chinese mountain, it's a necessity. The 'spider men' abseil from the side of the 4,500ft cliff edge of Tianmen Mountain, risking their lives to pick up litter thrown away by visitors, according to The People's Daily Online . A cleaner abseils down the side of Tianmen Mountain to collect rubbish thrown over the cliff edge by tourists . Easy does it: The painstaking process is necessary because tourists chuck food packets, empty bottles and cans down the cliffside, defacing its natural beauty . A worker throws a sack tied on a long rope onto the cliff before abseiling to clean the side of the mountain, located in the central Chinese province of Hunan . After finishing cleaning a section, a litter picker pulls himself back over the boundary fence onto the path. The beauty spot is popular with tourists looking to ride the cable cars and visit the temple at the summit . Despite repeated calls by the Chinese Tourism Administration urging tourists not to throw their rubbish over the cliff edge, they continue to chuck empty food packets, bottles and cans into the mountain, as well as spitting and defacing the mountain. The beauty spot, located in Zhangjiajie in central China's Hunan province, is popular with tourists looking to ride the cable car route, reportedly the longest in the world. There is also a large temple on the summit, dating back to the Tang Dynasty which ruled the region for two periods between 610-690 and 705-907. A similar cleaning operation is in place takes place on Mount Emei in Sichuan province, China, where cleaner Peng Wencai has spent 14 years descending down the mountain to collect trash thrown away by tourists. The little pickers risk their lives to clean away the food packets and drinks containers thrown away by visitors . A sack of rubbish is pulled up onto safe ground after being collected by a litter picker. Chinese authorities are urging visitors to stop throwing their litter over the cliff edge . A worker pours the litter, including plastic bags and food containers, into a rubbish bin on Tianmen Mountain . The rope holding the litter picker stay taut as he gathers the rubbish, which is then brought back up to the public pathway before being removed from the mountainside . | 'Spider men' litter pickers use ropes to abseil down Tianmen Mountain . Tourists have thrown plastic bags, bottles and food containers off edge . Chinese authorities urging visitors to stop defacing the beauty spot . |
Name some of the movies where Johnson acted in and the years in which the movies were released. | Johnson entered Hollywood and the film industry, becoming a star initially through his wrestling popularity and noted work ethic. Over his acting career, he became one of the highest paid and most successful actors in Hollywood. He began his acting career on television while wrestling. In his first television acting job, in 1999, he played his own father in an episode of That '70s Show called "That Wrestling Show". Nearly a year later, he appeared in the Star Trek: Voyager episode "Tsunkatse" as an alien wrestler who fought popular character Seven of Nine. While Johnson was away from WWE, the company continued to sell "The Rock" merchandise, and he continued to be featured prominently in the opening montages of their television shows.
Johnson began his theatrical career in The Mummy Returns (2001), The Scorpion King (2002), The Rundown (2003), and Walking Tall (2004). He played a supporting role in Be Cool (2005) - most notable for the meta element of playing a bodyguard that wants to become an actor - and was the primary antagonist in Doom (2005). He also had roles in Gridiron Gang (2006), Reno 911!: Miami (2007), and Southland Tales (2006). He played a cocky famous American football player in The Game Plan (2007) and Agent 23 in Get Smart (2008). He presented the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects at the 80th Academy Awards. | The Mummy Returns (2001), The Scorpion King (2002), The Rundown (2003), Walking Tall (2004), Be Cool (2005), Doom (2005), Gridiron Gang (2006), Reno 911!: Miami (2007), Southland Tales (2006), The Game Plan (2007) and Get Smart (2008). |
Who is MLK Jr.? | Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who was one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. A Black church leader and a son of early civil rights activist and minister Martin Luther King Sr., King advanced civil rights for people of color in the United States through nonviolence and civil disobedience. Inspired by his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi, he led targeted, nonviolent resistance against Jim Crow laws and other forms of discrimination in the United States. | Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who was one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. A Black church leader and a son of early civil rights activist and minister Martin Luther King Sr., King advanced civil rights for people of color in the United States through nonviolence and civil disobedience. Inspired by his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi, he led targeted, nonviolent resistance against Jim Crow laws and other forms of discrimination in the United States.
King participated in and led marches for the right to vote, desegregation, labor rights, and other civil rights. He oversaw the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott and later became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). As president of the SCLC, he led the unsuccessful Albany Movement in Albany, Georgia, and helped organize some of the nonviolent 1963 protests in Birmingham, Alabama. King was one of the leaders of the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. The civil rights movement achieved pivotal legislative gains in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.
The SCLC put into practice the tactics of nonviolent protest with some success by strategically choosing the methods and places in which protests were carried out. There were several dramatic standoffs with segregationist authorities, who frequently responded violently. King was jailed several times. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director J. Edgar Hoover considered King a radical and made him an object of the FBI's COINTELPRO from 1963 forward. FBI agents investigated him for possible communist ties, spied on his personal life, and secretly recorded him. In 1964, the FBI mailed King a threatening anonymous letter, which he interpreted as an attempt to make him commit suicide.
On October 14, 1964, King won the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. In 1965, he helped organize two of the three Selma to Montgomery marches. In his final years, he expanded his focus to include opposition towards poverty, capitalism, and the Vietnam War. In 1968, King was planning a national occupation of Washington, D.C., to be called the Poor People's Campaign, when he was assassinated on April 4 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by national mourning, as well as anger leading to riots in many U.S. cities. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 and the Congressional Gold Medal in 2003. Martin Luther King Jr. Day was established as a holiday in cities and states throughout the United States beginning in 1971; the federal holiday was first observed in 1986. Hundreds of streets in the U.S. have been renamed in his honor, and King County in Washington was rededicated for him. The Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., was dedicated in 2011. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A fishing guide who was accused of hurling abuse at his clients and defecating off the front of the boat has hit back at allegations made by disgruntled customers. Manager Allan Beale of Darwin’s Barra Base has been slammed over his alleged behaviour on the Australian travel website Trip Advisor. One client, under the name ‘robrobbo’ from Brisbane has penned his fishing safari experience with Beale as ‘so bad it was great’ after staying at the lodge with four other friends in February last year. Manager Allan Beale (left) of Darwin’s Barra Base has been running his business for more than 12 years . ‘Once we hit the water with Allan I think we were all looking around for the hidden cameras!’ the post read. ‘Abused at the boat ramp whilst attempting to help him launch the boat, abused when we hooked a fish, abused when we lost a fish, witnesses to the man himself defecating off the front of the boat…’ In response to these allegations, Beale told Daily Mail Australia the review was not true and are based on ‘one side of exaggeration’. ‘The reviews were pretty rude and distorted to the facts,’ Beale said. ‘Customer service is our business. We've been in the tourism business for more than 12 years and I'm saddened to read these false allegations after all these years.' Beale said the allegation was not true and are based on ‘one side of exaggeration’ - he also added that 'catfish are a pest' so he 'assists to minimise the population' Beale said fishing safari offers a great experience to all customers as well as meet client's best interests . Beale said one person had suffered a sore back during this trip so he suggested an alternative because the man couldn't handle the rough waves and everyone was happy to choose the other location for fish species . Another client, under the name ‘Les N’ from Perth also took to the travel website to post their ‘overrated and disappointing’ experience. ‘I wrote a review on Alan's Facebook account after he used pictures of my group holding fish up that quite frankly I couldn't believe we kept?’ the post read. ‘We came here to catch sailfish & Barra? What a joke, not one sailfish and 3 barra, not one was a keeper, we paid nearly $4000 and didn't take a fish home, great.' Beale, who runs the fishing safari, said customer service plays an important role in his tourism business . A 152cm Black Jewfish landed Finniss River 17th June 2013 by Gary Bez from Karratha at head . But Beale told Daily Mail Australia they had set off for Sail City to go hunting for sailfish but one person among the group had suffered a sore back during the trip. ‘One of the chaps had a sore back and he couldn’t handle the wave action so I told them that we couldn’t go out there because we needed to look after the client’s best interest,’ Beale said. 'I like to make 100 percent of my customers happy but when it comes to bad weather and body conditions, the reality is - it’s hard to give them that because we can’t control the weather. ‘I knew the wave action from the wind would double in the next two hours and the sailfish would have been around 60 kilometres away so it was definitely out of the question. ‘I explained it to them and they accepted that they couldn’t handle the distance so I gave them two safer alternatives – go black jewfish fishing at Peron Island or travel out to Jenny and Blaze Wide for Spanish Mackerel – everyone picked the Spanish Mackerel. ‘I don’t think it’s fair to make these sorts of allegations towards our business because all we can do is offer the best service as possible.' Beale said fishing safari offers a great experience to all customers as well as meet client's best interests . Beale, who runs the fishing safari, said customer service plays an important role in his tourism business . Darwins Barra Base will offer their clients the choice of Two Levels of Extended Fishing Safaris . Les N added: ‘Alan was the skipper the 1st day, what a miserable moany [sic] guy, all he did all day was tell us how much he was struggling to keep skippers & that his secretary was on stress leave. ‘Sorry mate we needed counciling [sic] after listening to your moaning all day,’ the post continued. But Beale responded: ‘During the day clients ask questions whilst fishing about work, fishing, staff and family and their business. This comment about me moaning about staff issues just shows how little he had to go to, to complain. ‘There are issues in these allegations – they are made up and completely false. ‘And as for the defecation claims – I never defecated and they are pure lies. ‘We don’t have commercial toilets. The truth of matter is, if someone has to go, then we have to go but you've got to do it in a safe matter.’ Beale added: ‘Send us an email and I'll look after you and ensure all the little issues presented in these reviews are better handled for you by me and my staff.’ For more information, please visit darwinbarrabase.com.au. | A fishing guide has been slammed over his alleged behaviour . Manager Allan Beale was accused of hurling abuse, defecating off the boat and hitting a catfish with a baseball bat . But Beale has hit back, saying these allegations are 'false and distorted' He said he never defecated off the boat and the claims were 'pure lies' Beale added catfish are a 'pest' so he 'assists to minimise the population' 'Customer service is our business and I'm saddened to read these claims' |
With which countries does Indonesia share borders? | Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). With over 275 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population.
As the world's third largest democracy, Indonesia is a presidential republic with an elected legislature. It has 38 provinces, of which nine have special status. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest level of biodiversity.
The Indonesian archipelago has been a valuable region for trade since at least the seventh century, when the Srivijaya Kingdom formed trade links with China. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Under Indian influence, Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished from the early centuries CE. Muslim traders later brought Islam, and European powers fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratisation process, and periods of rapid economic change. | Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India. |
Does Singapore have more than five official languages? | Singapore (/ˈsɪŋ(ɡ)əpɔːr/ (listen)), officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor to the north. The country's territory is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet; the combined area of these has increased by 25% since the country's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects. It has the third highest population density in the world. With a multicultural population and recognising the need to respect cultural identities of the major ethnic groups within the nation, Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. English is the lingua franca and numerous public services are available only in English. Multi-racialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape national policies in education, housing, and politics. | No, Singapore has only four official languages. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Fortunately, the intensive diplomatic efforts to prevent a nuclear-armed Iran and another war didn't stop after 47 Republican senators, led by freshman Sen. Tom Cotton, appeared to try to goad Iran's leaders into forgoing a diplomatic solution to the nuclear dispute. Neither have they stopped since Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu delivered what was effectively a reelection campaign speech on the House floor. Despite so many concerted efforts to sabotage our diplomats, our negotiators are still hard at work to secure an agreement with Tehran that, if successfully concluded, will go down in the annals of diplomatic history as marking a new era for U.S.-Iran relations. Indeed, progress toward a political framework would move us closer to attainable safeguards on Iran's nuclear program as well as jump-start a more productive relationship that could pay extra dividends for years to come. Before President Obama's phone call with Iranian President Hassan Rouhani last fall -- the first direct contact between U.S. and Iranian heads of state in more than 30 years -- such an agreement seemed unthinkable. Now, with clear-eyed diplomacy, negotiators from the U.S. and five other countries, plus Iran, are in reach of delivering a peaceful resolution to the decade-long impasse over Iran's nuclear program. Diplomats have tackled thorny, complex nonproliferation issues that have never been comprehensively addressed in a multilateral agreement before. They have labored to eliminate Iran's potential pathways to a nuclear weapon while allowing the country to maintain a limited nuclear energy program, but under what is arguably the world's most locked-down nuclear inspections regime. U.S., German, British, French, Chinese and Russian negotiators are continuing to build on the solid success of the preliminary nuclear accord negotiated last year, the so-called Joint Plan of Action. That plan continues to grant inspectors daily access to Iran's nuclear facilities in order to verify its adherence to the agreement. As a result, Iran's nuclear program will be frozen for the first time since its inception, as diplomats craft a comprehensive resolution to this standoff. If and when a final agreement is reached, the President may temporarily waive some sanctions if Iran's compliance can be verified. Congress has, for its part, authorized the President to provide limited, temporary and reversible sanctions relief so long as doing so advances U.S. national security interests. As former National Security Adviser Brent Scowcroft and countless other national security experts have attested, such a diplomatic solution to this crisis is squarely in the national interests of the United States. In exchange for Iran following through on its promises to constrain its program in accordance with the agreement, the U.S. Congress will be asked to lift sanctions permanently. If Tehran demonstrates its long-term commitment to limit its nuclear program to exclusively peaceful purposes, then when the time comes, Congress should be ready to lift the sanctions. In the interim, it is crucial that all parties scrupulously adhere to the terms of this landmark agreement. While Iran must not install unauthorized centrifuges, attempt a secret program or otherwise fail to adhere to the agreement, the U.S. Congress also has responsibilities under the agreement, including appropriations for its execution and refraining from imposing new sanctions in violation of either the letter or the spirit of the deal. All this suggests that to jeopardize such progress at this critical stage would be reckless, if not foolhardy. Of course, history suggests that we should be cautious. And the stakes are indeed extremely high. But the last thing the world needs is another major war in the Middle East. Members of Congress should therefore join the preeminent statesmen, military officers and the overwhelming majority of the American public in welcoming what is poised to be a diplomatic success -- one that could protect U.S. security and prevent further instability in the Middle East that would result from a nuclear Iran. We should ensure that our diplomats have the support they need to reach the finish line and that our President is able to cross it. | 47 Republican senators last week sent an open letter to Iran's leadership . Steve Cohen and Lawrence Wilkerson say Iran talks are at a critical stage . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Aymen Abdennour claimed Monaco had beaten one of the best clubs in the world after eliminating Arsena from the Champions League on Tuesday. The French side lost 2-0 at home but went through on away goals following their 3-1 victory in the first leg at the Emirates. Monaco defender Aymen Abdennour challenges Arsenal midfielder Aaron Ramsey . Olivier Giroud's first-half strike gave Arsenal hope of a famous victory before substitute Aaron Ramsey added a second late on but the hosts held on to secure a place in the last eight. Abdennour said that Monaco more than earned their place in the quarter-finals alongside Real Madrid, Porto, Paris Saint-Germain, Bayern Munich and Atletico Madrid. 'With Alexis Sanchez and players like Theo Walcott, they had a lot of pace on the flanks,' said the centre-back. Abdennour celebrates Monaco reaching the quarter finals of the Champions League . Olivier Giroud opened the scoring for the Gunners as they looked to fight back from their first-leg defeat . Aaron Ramsey added a second goal for the Gunners but they could not find a third to send them through . 'We conceded two goals because of our lack of concentration but thankfully it didn't rip out our qualification chances. 'For me, Arsenal are one of the best teams in the world so I think our qualification is deserved considering the way we played against such a team. 'Now we must turn the page and focus on the next game in Ligue 1 so that we can try to get a top-three finish to have a chance at Champions League football next season.' | Monaco beat Arsenal to book place in the last eight of Champions League . The French side lost 2-0 on Tuesday night but went through on away goals . Real Madrid, Porto, PSG, Bayern Munich and Atletico Madrid also through . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sam Allardyce believes a lack of winter break is hampering Premier League clubs in European competition. Chelsea were eliminated from the round of 32 in the Champions League by Paris St Germain on away goals on Wednesday night - whilst Manchester City and Arsenal both need to turn around first-leg defeats to Barcelona and Monaco, respectively if they are to advance. Liverpool and Tottenham have been knocked out of the Europa League with only Everton still standing and Allardyce feels a heavy festive schedule always catches English clubs out. West Ham boss Sam Allardyce says Premier League clubs are suffering in Europe because of no winter break . Chelsea were dumped out of the Champions League on Wednesday night by Paris Saint-Germain . Thiago Silva's (right) extra-time header meant the French giants went through 3-3 on away goals . 'I think, like I have before, that we don't help ourselves with our fixture list,' the West Ham boss said. 'Playing as many games as we do through Christmas and New Year and not having the opportunity to shut the league down for a few weeks gives every club that plays in Europe a disadvantage. 'When they come back to playing in Europe they may have a considerable amount of injures in certain areas and mental fatigue kicks in on players - that is bound to have an effect when other teams have had the opportunity to take a break.' Swansea boss Garry Monk hailed the entertainment level of the Premier League but believes English clubs still lack the tactical nous of their continental counterparts. Everton are the only Premier League club still standing in the Europa League . Swansea boss Garry Monk says Premier League clubs should be doing better in Europe . 'I've always said the Premier League is the best league in the world but more so for entertainment rather than technical and tactical situations in countries like Spain,' he said. 'The Premier League is the best league in that it is the most entertaining, highest tempo, most ferocious and so much happens. 'Whether we need to improve on the tactical I'm not sure but we've got some of the best managers in the world in this league. 'It is very fine margins at that level as games are won and lost by one or two moments in a game. 'Looking at those players in those Premier League teams you think they would do better in those competitions. So I'm not sure if it's one of those seasons or if there is a fundamental problem.' | Chelsea were knocked out of the Champions League last 16 by PSG . Manchester City and Arsenal are both trailing in their knockout ties . Liverpool and Tottenham were both exited the Europa League round of 32 . CLICK HERE for all the latest Premier League news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Steve McClaren would cost Newcastle United around £2million in compensation if the club were to appoint him as their next boss. As reported by Sportsmail in January, Newcastle will make Derby County’s McClaren their No 1 managerial target in the summer. No approach has yet been made to Derby, who remain in contention for promotion and the work done by McClaren has attracted admirers. Steve McClaren would cost Newcastle United £2million in compensation if they chose to approach him . He signed a new three-year contract in August, and Derby would command a significant sum for his services should he depart. Chief executive Sam Rush said on Monday: ‘We have not had any approach, discussion or communication of any sort, whatsoever. ‘Whether it is speculation about your manager or players, you are likely to have this sort of thing if people are being successful. John Carver's chances of earning the permanent job seemed doomed if he doesn't improve his results . ‘Traditionally, it is more likely to be with players, but I think the job Steve has done here has been significant. The position from Steve has been very consistent. ‘He was only three or four months into his new contract when the speculation first came out, and he dismissed it then. From my point of view, I think Derby County is an incredibly exciting football club. I can’t think of anywhere anyone would rather be, especially given the start of the building programme Steve has undertaken and how well he has done.’ Meanwhile, Newcastle have announced record profits of £18.7m for last season, but fans say the figure has provoked more questions than answers. Mike Ashley will be pleased to see Newcastle have announced record profits of £18.7million for last season . The club have not released the full annual report, only selecting highlights with no detailed explanation as to how £28.5m of extra costs have been incurred. Mark Jensen, editor of online fanzine themag.co.uk, said he had expected profits for the 2013-14 campaign to be closer to £50m given the increase in income from television rights and the sale of Yohan Cabaye to Paris Saint-Germain for around £20million. Jensen said: ‘Everyone knows how much these clubs are getting from TV, so Newcastle fans would like to think more profit would mean more team strengthening but that has not been the case. There seems to be both a lack of transparency and ambition.’ Fan favourite Yohan Cabaye was sold to Paris Saint-Germain for £20million in last seasons January window . | Steve McClaren would cost Newcastle United £2million in compensation . The Derby boss is believed to be the Magpies top managerial target . Newcastle announced record profits of £18.7million for last season . Click here for all the latest Newcastle news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Lionel Messi left Pep Guardiola applauding in the Nou Camp stands, the football world entertained and James Milner on the turf on Wednesday night as he pulled off a stunning nutmeg on the unfortunate Manchester City midfielder. The Barcelona superstar made a habit of performing the skill during his side's 1-0 Champions League win, mesmerising both the 92,000 crowd and City players including Brazilian Fernandinho. After Messi's breathtaking display, Sportsmail traces the origins of nutmegging and counts down 10 of the best of all time. VIDEO Scroll down to watch nutmegs from Cristiano Ronaldo, Ronaldinho and more . James Milner approaches Barcelona star Lionel Messi during their Champions League tie on Wednesday . Messi slips the ball through Manchester City midfielder Milner's legs at the Nou Camp . Milner slides as Messi nutmegs him and goes the opposite way during their Champions League match . Milner is left on his backside as Messi runs away from the England international with the ball . What is a nutmeg? A nutmeg is the technique of rolling the ball between an opponent's legs, and gains extra acclaim when the attacking player retains possession after performing the trick. Where does the word come from? The origins of the word have long been debated, with the most popular theory being that nutmegs are slang for a rather private area of the male anatomy — a notion put forward by Countdown star Susie Dent, of Dictionary Corner, who on Wednesday night tweeted: 'Nutmegging in football comes from the centuries-old slang 'nutmegs', meaning 'testicles'. In case Messi is ever interested.' However, the use of the word nutmeg to mean leg in Cockney rhyming slang has also been put forward as an explanation, while another claim is that it comes from the practice used in nutmeg exports between America and England in the 18th century, when nutmegs were such a valuable commodity that unscrupulous exporters used to mix wooden replicas into the sacks being shipped across the Atlantic. Crystal Palace's Jason Puncheon puts the ball through the legs of Tottenham's Christian Eriksen this season . Hispanic America - cano, tunel, ordenar, cocina . Other European/Latin and African countries - panna . Germany - tunnel, Beinschuss . France - petit pont . Finland - langet . Ukraine - 25 kopiyok - meaning 25 cents player owes . South Africa - iShibobo . Holland - poorten, panna . Nigeria - O-C - meaning 'oh see' Egypt - kobry . Malaysia and Singapore - ole . Kenya - 'chobo, chobwe . Japan - Matanuki . Iran - lauyee . Brazil - caneta, saia, rolinho . Poland - zalozyc . Hungary - koteny . Malawi - kalulu . Italy - tunnel . Indonesia - kolong . Ethiopia - lochie . Denmark, Sweden and Norway - tunnel . Zambia - pomo . Portugal - cueca, rata . Zimbabwe - deya . Tunisia - adma . Being nutmegged soon came to imply stupidity on the part of the duped victim and cleverness on the part of the trickster. It later caught on in football, implying that the player whose legs the ball had been played through had been tricked, or, nutmegged. The verb nutmegged is listed by the Oxford English Dictionary as 'arising in the 1870s which in Victorian slang came to mean "to be tricked or deceived, especially in a manner which makes the victim look foolish".' In Spanish a nutmeg is known as 'cano' or 'tunel', while many countries around the world have their own unique words to describe the skill. Sportsmail's top 10 nutmegs . 10. John O'Shea on Luis Figo, Manchester United vs Real Madrid, 2003 . That isn't written the wrong way. Honest. Manchester United's utility man gave the Portuguese superstar a taste of his own medicine with this silky piece of skill in a Champions League quarter-final at Old Trafford almost 12 years ago. 9. Fernando Redondo on Henning Berg, Manchester United vs Real Madrid, 2000 . Another Champions League clash between United and Real, another stunning nutmeg. Three years before O'Shea's effort Redondo set up the visitors' winning goal for Raul with a sublime flick through the legs of Berg. 8. Lionel Messi on James Milner, Barcelona vs Manchester City, 2015 . Messi's brilliant piece of skill - one of many on Wednesday night - is only good enough for eighth place on our countdown. The fact Milner came rushing in counts against the Argentine, although leaving the England international on his backside earns him extra points. 7. Ronaldinho on Chievo, AC Milan vs Chievo, 2010 . Some Brazilian magic from Ronaldinho now, as he toys with a helpless Chievo player in Serie A. The former Barca man is renowned for his dribbling skills and they can be seen in full flow in the clip below, which includes an audacious backheel nutmeg. 6. Ryan Giggs on Jason Cundy, Tottenham vs Manchester United, 1992 . The first nutmeg on our countdown which ended with the architect scoring. Giggs pounces on a mistake by Dean Austin, pops the ball through Cundy's legs before rounding goalkeeper Ian Walker to score. Not bad for an 18-year-old. 5. Luis Suarez on Ryan Shotton, Stoke vs Liverpool, 2011 . Similar to Giggs' effort in that it ended with a goal, Suarez showed superb vision to knock the ball past Shotton and create some space for himself. His next touch wasn't bad either, bending his shot into the bottom corner of Thomas Sorensen's net to help Liverpool into the Carling Cup fifth round. 4. Lionel Messi on Emir Spahic, Sevilla vs Barcelona, 2012 . Wednesday night's game against City wasn't the first time Messi has caught the eye with a nutmeg. The little Argentine showed speed, composure and skill against Sevilla as he put the ball through Spahic's legs before delightfully chipping the ball into the back of the net. 3. Ricardo Kishna on Stefano Marzo, Ajax vs Heerenveen, 2014 . One of Ajax's bright young things, Kishna showed exactly why he's destined for a big future with this outrageous touch late last year. The 20-year-old's flicked nutmeg left Marzo stranded and Ajax on the attack. Perfection. 2. Cristiano Ronaldo vs Steven Davis, Northern Ireland vs Portugal, 2013 . A wonderful piece of skill from Ronaldo who first fools Davis with a Cruyff turn before popping the ball in between the Southampton man's legs. The Portuguese also gets a whack but the referee plays advantage as he retains possession with a neat backheel to a team-mate. 1. Juan Roman Riquelme on Mario Yepes, Boca Juniors vs River Plate, 2000 . One of the most talented players of his generation, Riquelme was no stranger to moments of magic on the pitch. Even in a heated Copa Libertadores quarter-final he was cool enough to beat Yepes with a brilliant rolled nutmeg. Class. PS . Touted as the new Neymar, Brazilian youngster Kenedy definitely has the skills to rival his compatriot. The Fluminense forward pulled off this stunning elastico nutmeg against Argentina Under 20s last month, bamboozling his opponent with his quick feet. No wonder Premier League clubs are keeping an eye on him... | Lionel Messi showed off his skills in Barcelona's victory on Wednesday . The little Argentine nutmegged Man City's James Milner and Fernandinho . Nutmeg is believed to come from the slang 'nutmegs', meaning testicles . The skill is called 'cano' or 'tunel' in Spanish, while 'panna' is also popular . Cristiano Ronaldo, Luis Suarez and Ronaldinho all feature in our top 10 . READ: Champions League quarter-finals guide: Messi and Co bid for glory . |
What were Ansel Adams key achievements? | Ansel Easton Adams (February 20, 1902 – April 22, 1984) was an American landscape photographer and environmentalist known for his black-and-white images of the American West. He helped found Group f/64, an association of photographers advocating "pure" photography which favored sharp focus and the use of the full tonal range of a photograph. He and Fred Archer developed a system of image-making called the Zone System, a method of achieving a desired final print through a technical understanding of how the tonal range of an image is the result of choices made in exposure, negative development, and printing.
Adams was a life-long advocate for environmental conservation, and his photographic practice was deeply entwined with this advocacy. At age 12, he was given his first camera during his first visit to Yosemite National Park. He developed his early photographic work as a member of the Sierra Club. He was later contracted with the United States Department of the Interior to make photographs of national parks. For his work and his persistent advocacy, which helped expand the National Park system, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1980. | Ansel Adams was a famous landscape photographer and environmentalist. His photography focused on black-and-white photos of the American West. He garnered critical acclaim for his technical understanding of imaging along with being a vocal advocate for environmental conservation. He won the Presidential Medal of Freedom for helping to expand the National Park System through his photography. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Detroit Red Wings star Darren Helm was looking to get a little sleep on Sunday night after an impressive overtime win by his team. That was not to be however, as shortly after midnight his girlfriend, Devon Englot, informed him that she was in labor. And this was a quick delivery, so quick in fact that the two did not make it to the hospital in time and Helm had to step up and deliver his daughter Rylee in the back of his car. Detroit Red Wings star and his longtime girlfriend Devon Englot welcomed a baby girl, Rylee (above) on Monday . After Helm won in overtime Sunday night (left), he went home and got to bed but was woken up shortly after midnight by Englot (right with Helm and their daughter Reece) who was in labor . The Red Wings report that Helm started gathering their things when he got the news that the baby was coming, phoning the hospital from his home as he loaded the car. Englot however, who is also the mother of another child, the couple's 3-year-old daughter Reece, started to feel things moving a little too fast. 'Devon kept on saying that she had the urge to push,' Helm said. And Helm realized what that meant. 'They said when the baby’s ready, the baby’s ready. She can’t really control much about it. We tried to make it there. She tried to hold her back,' he said. 'They’ve always told us the second one comes quicker, but we didn’t expect it to be that quick.' Mom, dad and big sister are all doing fine now . The couple were a mile away from the Providence Park Hospital in Novi, Michigan, when Helm got in the backseat and delivered their baby. 'It came on so quick. We thought we had lots of time to get to the hospital and things just took a turn and the baby was ready to come out to say hello and that’s what she did,' he explained. Five minutes later, they were back on their way to the hospital with their new passenger. 'We got to the ER and they kept assuring us that things were going to be OK after they got a good look at the baby and Devon was feeling good,' said Helm. 'After that things slowly calmed down. It took us awhile to kind of get over what happened, but things are moving along pretty well.' | Detroit Red Wings star and his longtime girlfriend Devon Englot welcomed a baby girl, Rylee on Monday . After Helm won in overtime Sunday night, he went home and got to bed but was woken up shortly after midnight by Englot who was in labor . A mile away from the hospital she said she could not wait any longer, and within five minutes the baby was out . All three, and the couple's daughter Reece, 3, are doing fine . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England head coach Stuart Lancaster believes the 'fantastic potential' of Henry Slade will drive his challenge for a place in the World Cup squad. Slade has been called up as midfield cover ahead of Saturday's RBS 6 Nations clash with Scotland after centre Brad Barritt was ruled out of the remaining two rounds by a sprained ankle. Only a late flurry of injuries would see Slade plunged into action in the Calcutta Cup match at Twickenham, but that has not stopped Lancaster looking to the looming World Cup and its warm-up games as the right time to blood the 21-year-old centre and fly-half. Henry Slade has impressed Stuart Lancaster, who thinks he will compete for a World Cup place . England coach Lancaster has been looking for the right time to blood the 21-year-old Slade . Salde (left) pictured in domestic action for his club side Exeter Chiefs against Bath rugby . Superb game management, accomplished kicking skills and solid defence have established Slade's reputation in the Aviva Premiership with the Exeter Chiefs and the wait for full international honours may soon be over. 'The more I see him, the more I think he's got fantastic potential. I've always known it having seen him come through the age-group teams,' Lancaster said. 'We have a lot of competition at fly-half, but he's also adept in the centres. That's one of the options I'd like to look at for him in the future. For definite he'll be a part of our World Cup camp. 'In your World Cup squad of 31, you absolutely have to have players who can play in different positions like Henry. You need that flexibility, it's crucial. 'We will have to generate training time before we throw him into a game at international level. Lancaster believes Henry's versatility could be crucial during the World Cup . Lancaster will start his camp for the World Cup, held in England, on June 21 . 'In the very short term we have a chance to do that on Tuesday and Wednesday, which we've done anyway when he's been in camp. 'This Six Nations programme is going to finish in 12 day's time and then our World Cup camp starts on June 21. Then we've got all of June, July and August until we have to make a decision. 'Someone like Henry can be reasonably confident of being there or thereabouts.' | Exeter Chief's Henry Slade, 21, can play as a centre and a fly-half . Stuart Lancaster lauded Slade for his flexibility and attributes . He has been called up as cover for England against Scotland . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A British backpacker who wrote a romantic note to locate a handsome stranger after spotting him on a New Zealand beach has finally met her Romeo for the first time. Sarah Milne, from Glasgow, left a handmade poster for the man, who she saw in Picton on Friday and described as 'shirtless, wearing black shorts with stars tattooed on his torso and running with a curly, bouncy and blonde dog'. In her note, entitled 'Is this you?', she invited the mystery stranger to meet her on the same beach on Tuesday. But the message soon became a source of huge online interest with the identity of both the author and its intended target generating unexpected publicity. Then on Tuesday at 2pm, in front of a gathering crowd waiting to see the two finally introduce themselves, William Scott Chalmers came forward to meet the note's author, Milne, an artist, on the picturesque foreshore. Milne, who is originally from the west coast of Scotland, studied at Glasgow School of Arts before backpacking in New Zealand where she will stay for another two months. She said that she had not been expecting the hype surrounding her handwritten note. Scroll down for video . Love at first sight? Sarah Milne, a backpacker from Scotland, meets William Chalmers, after her note brought them together . They finally meet: Mr Chalmers met Milne just after 2pm and asked if she wanted to go somewhere quiet and have a drink . Love note: The handmade message Milne used to launch a public appeal to find a man after a brief encounter on Friday . Mr Chalmers, who brought a bottle of champagne with him, walked over to where Milne was sitting and said 'Hello, I'm William, you know you could have just asked for my number.' 'Let's go somewhere and have a drink away from everyone,' he told her, as the crowd watching their date clapped and cheered. Mr Chalmers came forward on Sunday morning to reveal himself as the mystery man, and told Daily Mail Australia that he planned on heading down to the picturesque spot to ask his brunette admirer on a date for the evening. The New Zealander, who works at a local burger joint, said that he first heard of the poster when his housemate came home at 3am on Saturday night and woke him up. 'He was carrying on and telling me about a poster that two German girls had told him about that described me,' he said. 'He knew it was me because I'm the only guy in Picton who has star tattoos, Johnny-Bravo hair and a labradoodle.' Mr Chalmers said he and his housemate drove down to the shore in the dark to try and find the note, and that even when he saw it for himself, he had a hard time believing it was real. Milne was greeted at the picturesque meeting spot with great fanfare after their story had generated huge publicity . The Glasgow artist was greeted as she stepped off her ferry to a sign that said 'Here's to a happy ending'. 'Of course I'm going down. But just going up to her and asking to chat is a bit out of the question with all the attention, so I'm just going to have to skip a step and ask if she wants to have dinner tonight,' Mr Chalmers told Daily Mail Australia. 'I finish work at 2pm and I'll see if she wants to have dinner or a drink at maybe seven. 'I'm not sure if the poor girl knows what she's gotten herself into. It's just gotten so big, I've gotten messages from friends overseas saying that they've read the story.' The poster in question was tied to a pole down at the shorefront and was also posted on Beachcomber Fun Cruises Facebook page on Saturday. 'I was sitting on the grass on Friday watching the sea... you were playing with your dog. You ran past me and smiled,' it said. 'Would you like to go for a drink/coffee/walk??? I'm in Wellington just now, my ferry arrives back in Picton on Tuesday 3rd. 'I'm in town for 1 night only... But let's see how things go... On the off-chance you are single, remember who I am and would like to meet for a drink/coffee/walk. Mr Chalmers has revealed himself as the mystery man who captured the heart of the mystery woman . He said he was looking forward to Tuesday and meeting his mystery girl . 'I'll be sitting on the grass, watching the sea from 1-1.30pm onwards on Tuesday... Maybe you'll run past again?!?' Mr Chalmers said his mother had called him because she had been told of the sign and thought it was such a coincidence that the man described in the sign had star tattoos as well. 'When I told her that it was me, she started freaking out and telling everyone in the office,' he said. 'She's all for me going down. She told me that she didn't raise me to not show up, so that's what I'm going to do. 'It's a bit overwhelming, I've never had something like this happen before. In high school if you passed a note the teacher would just take it off you.' Mr Chalmers said while he did not know who the woman was, he remembered smiling at a particular woman that day on the beach. 'It's all a bit exciting, it's going to be a big day,' he said. The signs were posted on Beachcomber Fun Cruises Facebook page and has sparked an online debate . 'Picton is a pretty small town and from the amount of people who have told me they're going to come down and watch what happens it sounds like everyone I know will be there.' Milne may have had some inkling of the stir the note has caused, pleading with the public to not have the sign removed from the premises. 'In the spirit of happy endings, give this sign a chance to be seen by the right eyes,' she penned. 'It may even bring a dozen or so people back on Tuesday, intrigued... who is this girl with the long brown hair and the boy with the star tattoos and the dog and will they meet for a drink? 'I will, on my return to Picton on Tuesday, remove it myself... Whatever the ending may be. Thank you!' Mr Chalmers promised he would keep the fascinated followers of the real-life fairytale up to date with the outcome of their evening. | Sarah Milne, a Glasgow artist, launched a public appeal to find the mystery man . She wrote a heart-warming message and drew a picture of him with his dog . She said she would return to the same spot in Picton, New Zealand, on Tuesday in search for him . William Scott Chalmers revealed himself as the man and went to meet her . He told Daily Mail Australia that he would ask her out for dinner . |
Given this paragraph about cat's senses, what light level can domestic house cats see at in comparison to human sight? | Cats have excellent night vision and can see at only one-sixth the light level required for human vision.: 43 This is partly the result of cat eyes having a tapetum lucidum, which reflects any light that passes through the retina back into the eye, thereby increasing the eye's sensitivity to dim light. Large pupils are an adaptation to dim light. The domestic cat has slit pupils, which allow it to focus bright light without chromatic aberration. At low light, a cat's pupils expand to cover most of the exposed surface of its eyes. The domestic cat has rather poor color vision and only two types of cone cells, optimized for sensitivity to blue and yellowish green; its ability to distinguish between red and green is limited. A response to middle wavelengths from a system other than the rod cells might be due to a third type of cone. This appears to be an adaptation to low light levels rather than representing true trichromatic vision. Cats also have a nictitating membrane, allowing them to blink without hindering their vision. | Domestic cats are able to see at one-sixth the light level required for human vision. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Morgan Schneiderlin has reiterated his desire to leave Southampton this summer should the club fail to qualify for the Champions League. The combative midfielder has previously been linked to north London rivals Arsenal and Tottenham, with the Frenchman handing in a transfer request at the start of the 2014-15 season. Although Ronald Koeman's side are still in the hunt for a top-four finish, they face a tough battle with the likes of Manchester United for the position and Schneiderlin has claimed he doesn't want to be watching elite European football from home next season. Southampton star Morgan Schneiderlin insists he wants to play Champions League football next season . The French midfielder (right) has been linked with moves to Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur . Ronald Koeman's side are six points behind Manchester United, who are in fourth . Schneiderlin told L'Equipe: 'In August, I wanted to take a move but the club had lost too many players to agree to sell me,' he is quoted as saying in French newspaper L'Equipe. 'Since then I have had discussions with the leaders and I want to play at the highest level: it is important at 25 years old to finally know the Champions League. 'Given that, late in the season, Southampton may qualify for the Champions League and I can stay, who knows. I have no desire to be in front of my TV on Tuesday and Wednesday.' Schneiderlin also hit out at Chelsea midfielder Cesc Fabregas for being a wind-up merchant . Schneiderlin has also hit out at Chelsea midfielder Cesc Fabregas for winding him up during Southampton's 1-1 Premier League draw with Jose Mourinho's side last December. He was sent-off for a late challenge on Fabregas and has blamed the former Arsenal man for 'putting in small hits' throughout the match. He added: 'Once this year against Chelsea I was angry with Cesc Fabregas because he wouldn't stop talking, putting in small hits. It made me lose my composure and, in a move, I forgot that I already had a warning.' | Morgan Schneiderlin is keen to play in the Champions League next season . The midfielder has been linked with Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur . Frenchman says he 'can stay' if Saints qualify for Champions League . Click here for all the latest Premier League news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Jessie Usher, the lead of Starz's series "Survivor's Remorse," has been cast in Fox's sequel "Independence Day 2." Liam Hemsworth has also been cast in a lead role and Jeff Goldblum will reprise his role as David Levinson from the original. It has been nearly 20 years since the Will Smith-starring sci-fi film hit theaters, grossing more than $800 million worldwide at the box office. Director Roland Emmerich will return to helm the film. "Independence Day 2" is set for release on June 24, 2016 — almost exactly 20 years from when the first film hit theaters on July 3, 1996. Dean Devlin, Emmerich and Harald Kloser are producing. Independence Day 2 is a big get for Usher, who will play a central character in the new film as the son of Smith's character. Smith's role in the first blockbuster helped establish him as a star, kicking his career up to the next level. Usher stars in the Lebron James-produced Starz TV series "Survivor's Remorse" as Cam Calloway, a basketball player who moves with his family to Atlanta after he signs a pro contract. The first season premiered Oct. 4, 2014, and Starz quickly renewed the show for a second season, which will air later this year. The rising star's film credits includes TriStar football drama When the Game Stands Tall, which hit theaters in August. On the TV side, he previously starred in the Cartoon Network's series Level Up. He's repped by Paradigm and Williams Unlimited. ©2015 The Hollywood Reporter. All rights reserved. | Jeff Goldblum set to reprise his role in "Independence Day 2" Liam Hemsworth and Jessie Usher also cast in key roles . Sequel will be released 20 years after the original box office smash about an alien invasion . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Bryan Robson has pinpointed Ander Herrera as one of the key figures in Manchester United's revival. United are fourth in the table just two points behind second-placed Manchester City. They face their neighbours and defending champions on April 12 during a crucial four game spell that sees them take on Aston Villa, Chelsea and Everton. However, the manner of their victories against Tottenham and Liverpool in recent weeks has been ominous. Bryan Robson has hailed Ander Herrera as one of the key figures in Manchester United's revival this year . Herrera celebrates after scoring the opening goal during their FA Cup third round match with Yeovil Town . Former United captain Robson recognises that Juan Mata has been winning the bulk of the plaudits but admires the qualities Herrera is showing. 'Ander started off the season well and he’s got a lot of energy,' Robson told ManUtd.com. 'He is always on the move, trying to close people down really quickly. He has got a lot of qualities really, it’s just getting them out of him on a consistent basis. But he has got that in his locker, maybe it’s just taken him and a few of the new signings time to adapt to the Premier League.' Herrera set up Mata's first goal against Liverpool with an inch-perfect pass and the 25-year-old acquisition from Athletic Bilbao has shown signs of being able to provide a greater tempo to United's play. 'He is quite good defensively and, when I watch him, I can see he has a lot of energy and he does like to get involved' added Robson. 'What I like about him is that, when people are on the ball, he is always on the move to try and receive the pass.' Herrera was outstanding against Liverpool at Anfield last week and has been in fine form for United . Robson (left) pictured shooting for United against Barcelona at Old Trafford in 1984 . | Bryan Robson has hailed Ander Herrera as a key figure for the club . Manchester United are just two points behind neighbours and rivals City . Ex-United captain Robson recognises Herrera's qualities and hard work . READ: Why has it taken Louis van Gaal so long to play Herrera? CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manny Pacquiao has splashed out £8.4million on a luxury new mansion in Beverly Hills, but it was four tickets to the fight against Floyd Mayweather that sealed the deal. The Filipino boxer acquired the 10,000 square-foot, seven-bedroom property in an exclusive community in California just over a month away from his showdown with the unbeaten American. Manny Pacquiao has paid $12.5million for a luxurious mansion in Beverly Hills, California . The Filipino boxer acquired the property just over a month out from his fight against Floyd Mayweather . Pacquiao also threw in four tickets to his fight against Mayweather at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas on May 2 . A video on You Tube showed the plush interior of the £12.5million property . As well as the offer of US$12.5m, it was four tickets to one of the biggest fights in boxing history at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas on May 2 that struck him the deal. 'No doubt it helped,' Pacquiao's estate agent Elsa Nelson told USA Today Sports. 'The sellers are great fans of boxing and of Manny, so it was a big deal.' A YouTube video of the property shows the plush interior design as well as the stunning views of the city from the garden, which also features a swimming pool. The 10,000 square-foot mansion features seven bedrooms as well as a swimming pool . The garden of the property in an exclusive neighbourhood offers spectacular views of the city . Pacquiao's estate agent was quoted as saying that the four fight tickets helped make the deal . Pacquiao has been preparing for his battle with the unbeaten Mayweather in Las Vegas on May 2 . According to USA Today Sports, Pacquiao purchased the property on the provision that it came fully furnished and ready to move in. Pacquiao has been training at the Wild Card Gym in Los Angeles for his upcoming mega fight against Mayweather in Las Vegas. And it looks like the 36-year-old has already started to spend some of the money he is expected to earn from the $300million battle at the MGM Grand. | Manny Pacquiao bought a huge mansion in Beverly Hills, California . The boxer paid $12.5million (£8.4m) for the 10,000 square-foot property . Pacquiao also offered four tickets to fight with Floyd Mayweather . The 36-year-old takes on the American in Las Vegas on May 2 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Dick Advocaat’s appointment as Sunderland boss seemed complete on Monday night after he told Dutch TV that he had signed a contract until the end of the season. The 67-year-old will sign a short-term deal until the end of the season and his package will be incentivised with the target of survival. Advocaat told Voetbal International: 'I am now in a dark hotel, but soon I'll be working in the Stadium of Light.' Dick Advocaat, pictured here in charge of PSV Eindhoven in 2012, is set to take charge at Sunderland . Gus Poyet has been sacked by Sunderland with the club just one point above the relegation zone . Sunderland supporters turned on manager Poyet after their side were thrashed 4-0 by Aston Villa . 525 - Poyet's number of days in charge since his arrival on October 8, 2013. 75 - The Uruguayan's number of games in charge, winning 23, losing 22 and drawing 30. 3 - The number of games against bitter rivals Newcastle. He won them all with an aggregate of 6-1. 35 - Poyet was the 35th man to manage Sunderland either permanently or as a caretaker. 22 - The number of years between Sunderland's appearances in a major final. Poyet took them to the 2014 Capital One Cup final, 22 years on from their defeat to Liverpool in the FA Cup showpiece. They lost to Manchester City. 14 - Sunderland's final position in Poyet's first season. 4 - The amount of games won in the Premier League by Sunderland this season. The joint-worst with bottom side Leicester. Advocaat could land up to £500,000 if the Black Cats – currently one point above the relegation zone – avoid the drop. He will bring with him Montenegrin coach Zeljko Petrovic, who was Avram Grant's assistant at West Ham in 2010. It is unlikely, however, that Advocaat will be considered as the permanent successor to Gus Poyet, who was sacked yesterday after 17 months at the Stadium of Light. Sportsmail understands that West Ham manager Sam Allardyce and Real Madrid assistant Paul Clement are at the top of the club's shortlist to take charge beyond this season. Clement, in particular, fits the profile of coach who could work within the structure at the club, where sporting director Lee Congerton has control over transfers. Clement and Congerton know each other from their time at Chelsea and the Real No 2 is thought to be keen to try his hand as a manager back in England. Meanwhile, it is Congerton's contacts book which has led to talks with Advocaat. Former Chelsea sporting director Frank Arnesen – who worked with Advocaat at PSV Eindhoven and Congerton at Stamford Bridge and then Hamburg – has recommended him for the role and he will be installed before Saturday's trip to West Ham. Advocaat could land up to £500,000 if the Black Cats – one point above the drop zone – avoid relegation . 'This is something I always wanted to do, the Premier League. The Premier League is a phenomenal competition,' Advocaat told AD Sportwereld. 'As a manager that is where you want to work, that has such a pulling power. 'Saturday, West Ham awaits. And then there's the international break. And then – the derby with Newcastle United. That is really something to look forward to because believe me, this just is a very big club.' Sunderland owner Ellis Short moved swiftly to dismiss Poyet during a telephone conversation after training on Monday. It is understood the Uruguayan asked for his contract – which expires in 2016 – to be paid up in full after he was informed that his position had become untenable. Zeljko Petrovic, who was Avram Grant's assistant at West Ham in 2010, will work alongside Advocaat . West Ham boss Sam Allardyce could be the long-term successor to Poyet at the Stadium of Light . His assistant Mauricio Taricco and first-team coach Charlie Oatway are also set to leave the club. Former Sunderland favourites and academy coaches Kevin Ball and Paul Bracewell will now be on hand to help at senior level. Short acted on the advice of the influential Congerton and chief executive Margaret Byrne in getting rid of Poyet. They felt there was no way back for the head coach following Saturday's 4-0 defeat at home to Aston Villa. Supporters tried to storm the dugout and also let their feelings be known to those seated in the directors' box. The decision was soon made to dispense with Poyet and contact initiated with Advocaat, who left his post as Serbia national team manager in November after just five months in charge. His first home game will be the visit of North-East rivals Newcastle on Easter Sunday. | Dick Advocaat will sign a short-term deal until the end of the season . He will be tasked with keeping the Black Cats in the Premier League . It is unlikely he will be the long-term successor to Gus Poyet with West Ham boss Sam Allardyce and Real Madrid No 2 Paul Clement in the frame . Advocaat expected to be installed before Sunderland's trip to West Ham . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A shocking video has emerged of a football supporter being savagely beaten by a rival fan after the League Cup final. The footage shows a row between Tottenham and Chelsea fans at Wembley Park tube station after the two teams met at the national stadium in London on Sunday. One the men, who appears to be a Tottenham fan then attacks another man, raining punches on him after pinning him against a wall. A shocking video has emerged of a football fan savaging a rival after supporters clashed at the weekend . The attack, in which a man was repeatedly punched in the face and chest, took place after Chelsea played Tottenham in the league cup final on Sunday . The row appears to start when a female Chelsea fan's scarf is thrown onto the railway track at the tube station by a rival supporter. She then challenges another fan and the argument develops into an ugly melee, with a number of men throwing punches at each other. As the group are broken up, one man emerges shouting 'f****** Chelsea c****' before hitting one man then repeatedly punching another to the face and chest. The man then holds his arms aloft in apparent celebration as fellow supporters on the opposite platform cheer his actions. Police then appear and lead the man away, as other supporters sing chants. A Tottenham club spokesman said today: 'We are absolutely appalled by this video footage and will take the strongest possible action against any of our supporters who are identifiable including banning orders. We have no wish to be associated with any individual who behaves in this manner.' A spokesman for Chelsea said the club was leaving the matter in the hands of the police. Although a Chelsea fan appears to be a victim in the incident filmed in the footage, it the latest incident of hooliganism to involve the London club's supporters in recent weeks. The incident happened after a Chelsea fan's scarf was thrown on the track at Wembley Park tube station . The woman then confronts a man before a scuffle ensues between Tottenham and Chelsea supporters . A man was filmed being led away by police in the footage, which was shot by a bystander on the station . Yesterday, another video emerged appearing to show Chelsea fans chanting the N-word and anti-Semitic slurs - prompting three Asian women and a black man to leave a train. Filmed on the same day as the latest incident, it showed a man heard to say on the London to Manchester train: 'Paris, Paris, Paris, that's the way we like it, a n***** on the door'. It was a reference to another incident that saw a group of Chelsea fans prevent a black man from getting onto a train on the Paris Metro last month before a Champions League game. A 40-year-old from Brighton has been arrested on suspicion of causing actual bodily harm and bailed in relation to the latest incident. A second man, aged 35, also from Brighton, was arrested on suspicion of common assault. He has also been bailed until Monday, 23 March. A British Transport Police spokesman said: 'The vast majority of football fans use trains and stations without problem. 'However, a mindless minority whose intention is to cause trouble make journeys unpleasant for law-abiding fans and other rail passengers and rail staff.' It comes just the day after another video emerged of Chelsea fans apparently chanting racist words on a train, which was filmed on the same day as the fighting incident . Images of Chelsea supporters refusing to allow a black man onto an underground train in Paris last month shocked the world . The spokesman added: 'We work closely with other police forces, the rail industry and those in football to identify offenders and bring them to justice. 'We support banning orders, where appropriate, that can prohibit trouble-makers from specific areas, including parts of the rail network, at certain times around matches. 'Our officers can, and do, intercept trains to remove anyone causing anti-social behaviour. 'Law-abiding supporters and other passengers and rail staff are our eyes and ears, and we will investigate any incidents reported to us. We particularly welcome any footage from mobile phones that can be sent to us, to help our investigations.' Chelsea won 2-0 in the League Cup final at Wembley Stadium in north-west London on Sunday, with the goals scored by John Terry and Diego Costa. Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Film emerges showing violent attack by a football supporter on Sunday . Attack took place after Chelsea's League Cup Final victory over Tottenham . Video, shot by a bystander, shows man being repeatedly punched in head . Police have arrested and a bailed two men from Brighton over the incident . Footage is the latest incident of football hooliganism in recent weeks . |
Find what was the population of Indus Valley Civilization from this paragraph | The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread. Its sites spanned an area from much of Pakistan, to northeast Afghanistan, and northwestern India. The civilisation flourished both in the alluvial plain of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial monsoon-fed rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the Ghaggar-Hakra, a seasonal river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.
The term Harappan is sometimes applied to the Indus civilisation after its type site Harappa, the first to be excavated early in the 20th century in what was then the Punjab province of British India and is now Punjab, Pakistan. The discovery of Harappa and soon afterwards Mohenjo-daro was the culmination of work that had begun after the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in the British Raj in 1861. There were earlier and later cultures called Early Harappan and Late Harappan in the same area. The early Harappan cultures were populated from Neolithic cultures, the earliest and best-known of which is Mehrgarh, in Balochistan, Pakistan. Harappan civilisation is sometimes called Mature Harappan to distinguish it from the earlier cultures.
The cities of the ancient Indus were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and techniques of handicraft and metallurgy. Mohenjo-daro and Harappa very likely grew to contain between 30,000 and 60,000 individuals, and the civilisation may have contained between one and five million individuals during its florescence. A gradual drying of the region during the 3rd millennium BCE may have been the initial stimulus for its urbanisation. Eventually it also reduced the water supply enough to cause the civilisation's demise and to disperse its population to the east.
Although over a thousand Mature Harappan sites have been reported and nearly a hundred excavated, there are five major urban centres: Mohenjo-daro in the lower Indus Valley (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980 as "Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro"), Harappa in the western Punjab region, Ganeriwala in the Cholistan Desert, Dholavira in western Gujarat (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021 as "Dholavira: A Harappan City"), and Rakhigarhi in Haryana. The Harappan language is not directly attested, and its affiliation uncertain as the Indus script has remained undeciphered. A relationship with the Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian language family is favoured by a section of scholars. | Indus Valley Civilization at its peak had a population between one and five million people. |
What is Linux? | Linux (/ˈliːnʊks/ (listen) LEE-nuuks or /ˈlɪnʊks/ LIN-uuks) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution, which includes the kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name "GNU/Linux" to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy. | After AT&T had dropped out of the Multics project, the Unix operating system was conceived and implemented by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie (both of AT&T Bell Laboratories) in 1969 and first released in 1970. Later they rewrote it in a new programming language, C, to make it portable. The availability and portability of Unix caused it to be widely adopted, copied and modified by academic institutions and businesses.
In 1977, the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was developed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) from UC Berkeley, based on the 6th edition of Unix from AT&T. Since BSD contained Unix code that AT&T owned, AT&T filed a lawsuit (USL v. BSDi) in the early 1990s against the University of California. This strongly limited the development and adoption of BSD.
Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. While Sun workstations didn't utilize commodity PC hardware like Linux was later developed for, it represented the first successful commercial attempt at distributing a primarily single-user microcomputer that ran a Unix operating system.
In 1983, Richard Stallman started the GNU project with the goal of creating a free UNIX-like operating system. As part of this work, he wrote the GNU General Public License (GPL). By the early 1990s, there was almost enough available software to create a full operating system. However, the GNU kernel, called Hurd, failed to attract enough development effort, leaving GNU incomplete.[citation needed]
In 1985, Intel released the 80386, the first x86 microprocessor with a 32-bit instruction set and a memory management unit with paging.
In 1986, Maurice J. Bach, of AT&T Bell Labs, published The Design of the UNIX Operating System. This definitive description principally covered the System V Release 2 kernel, with some new features from Release 3 and BSD.
In 1987, MINIX, a Unix-like system intended for academic use, was released by Andrew S. Tanenbaum to exemplify the principles conveyed in his textbook, Operating Systems: Design and Implementation. While source code for the system was available, modification and redistribution were restricted. In addition, MINIX's 16-bit design was not well adapted to the 32-bit features of the increasingly cheap and popular Intel 386 architecture for personal computers. In the early nineties a commercial UNIX operating system for Intel 386 PCs was too expensive for private users.
These factors and the lack of a widely adopted, free kernel provided the impetus for Torvalds' starting his project. He has stated that if either the GNU Hurd or 386BSD kernels had been available at the time, he likely would not have written his own. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Real Madrid youngster Jack Harper has been snubbed by Scotland Under-19s manager Ricky Sbragia because he is a 'luxury' player who isn't big enough. The young Scots travel to play three games against Austria, Italy and Croatia in the UEFA Under-19s Championship. Highly-rated forward Harper who has netted three goals for Real Madrid in this season's UEFA Youth League, is midway through a five-year deal at the Bernabeu, and can count former club legend Zinedine Zidane as one of his coaches. Real Madrid youngster Jack Harper in action against Ludogorets in the UEFA Youth League match . Scotland Under-19s manager Ricky Sbragia has left Harper out of his squad for the upcoming games . Among Harper's coaches at Real Madrid are former France international Zinedine Zidane (centre) He's already been linked with a move to both Liverpool and Manchester United, but that hasn't been enough to earn him a spot in the squad, despite playing in the qualifiers in Lithuania. However, former Sunderland boss Sbragia has explained it's nothing personal with the 19-year-old, he's just gone for a more physical approach, despite Harper standing at over 6ft tall. Sbragia explained: 'Our concentration is on the opening game with Austria and we've deliberately got more height in our squad. That's one of the reasons why Jack isn't in. 'Unfortunately, I don't see enough of him in action. The last time he was with us, he did OK, but I wanted a little more impact. At Real Madrid he can float all over the place, which he does. But with us, he has to be more disciplined. 'He's an exceptionally gifted lad, but sometimes we can't carry him. He can be a luxury sometimes. In some cases, if it's going well, he can be a good luxury.' Highly rated forward Harper has already been linked with moves to Manchester United and Liverpool . But the ex-Manchester United reserve team coach still believes Harper has a big future ahead of him. Sbragia stressed: 'Listen, Jack's time will come. The last time I spoke to him, he wanted to really settle in at Real Madrid and find a place there. That's been a big thing for him. 'I've gone with the boys I've seen most in the last six months. We keep tabs on Jack and see video clips of him. We have people over there who keep their eye on him. 'There are others I've left out like Dominic Thomas at Motherwell who will have gripes that they're not in the squad. 'But I've picked a group of 18 which will hopefully do well for us. It's my opinion and I'm not saying it's right. But the squad I've picked is an extremely strong one. 'I can only pick 18 when I really could have picked 26 or 27. I've gone for a physical side and runners. Hopefully I'm right. 'It's purely tactical and there certainly hasn't been a lack of enthusiasm from Jack about playing for Scotland.' Harper is currently midway through a five-year deal with Real Madrid and is tipped to have a big future . | Jack Harper has been left out of the Scotland Under 19s squad for the upcoming games by manager Ricky Sbragia . Sbragia believes Harper is too small and not physical enough to play . Harper is currently on a five-year deal at Real Madrid and is being coached by former club legend Zinedine Zidane . |
What's Rockhopper Exploration PLC business? | Rockhopper Exploration PLC is an oil and gas exploration company headquartered in Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom. It owns offshore exploration and production licences in the North Falkland Basin in the waters north of the Falkland Islands.
Rockhopper is listed on the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange. | Rockhopper Exploration PLC is in the oil and gas business, headquartered in Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Suzette Davenport said tougher sanctions are needed for those caught making calls, sending texts and checking emails while driving . DRIVERS who use mobile phones at the wheel should be banned from the roads, Britain’s top traffic officer said yesterday. Suzette Davenport insisted that a rise in offending showed much tougher punishments were needed to deter the worst culprits. But she claimed ministers were too scared of losing votes in May’s election to act against the estimated 500,000 motorists who break the law every day. The Gloucestershire chief constable said the absence of proper penalties risked making it socially acceptable to text or surf the internet while driving. The offence of using a hand-held mobile at the wheel currently attracts only a £100 fine with three penalty points. Miss Davenport said: ‘If someone is caught twice using a mobile phone within a period of time we should be considering things like disqualifications. ‘If we don’t do something fundamentally different we are going to have lost this. 'I have had those conversations with ministers. I would take a much harder line in terms of outcomes from enforcement. The minister doesn’t like my proposal.’ Asked why ministers had rejected her call, she told the BBC: ‘Probably timing’s not great. I don’t think it would be popular with lots of people. 'An election is not too far away so I’m sure they’re not likely to pick up and run with anything that they feel is not likely to be helpful to them in the next election.’ Miss Davenport, who speaks on road issues for the Association of Chief Police Officers, said drivers repeatedly glancing at their smartphones were effectively using a computer. Her intervention follows the release of figures last week showing that mobile offending has risen despite numerous crackdowns. Robert Goodwill, Tory transport minister, rejected the claim that he was blocking road safety reform for electoral reasons. Some 1.6 per cent of Britain's estimated 36million drivers were spotted using a handheld phone while at the wheel last year – up on 1.4 per cent for a similar exercise carried out five years earlier in 2009 . He insisted the Government was reviewing the introduction of a six-point penalty, two instances of which would trigger a ban. And he turned his fire on the police, saying chief constables were too quick to take the easy option of using speed cameras instead of deploying more traffic officers. ‘One of the reasons people do these things is because they think they can get away with it,’ he said. ‘It is important that police and crime commissioners and chief constables look at the resources they put into this as opposed to other more easy offences to detect like speeding where cameras can catch people on an industrial scale. ‘There is no point increasing the penalties if we are not actually catching people.’ Research shows that the distraction effect of using a mobile phone is worse than being over the limit on drink or drugs. But the penalties are far lower – unless motorists are convicted of careless or dangerous driving. And official figures show that the number of fixed penalty notices has fallen 26 per cent while offending – as observed in spot checks by transport officials – has risen 14 per cent since 2009. Edmund King of the AA said: ‘Basically we need more cops in cars to target the mobile phone abusers that we observe behind the wheel on most journeys. ‘Most drivers would welcome harsher penalties but we still need the perceived risk of being caught to increase before more drivers hang up behind the wheel.’ The row threatens to overshadow the introduction today of ‘drug driving’ laws. Drivers face prosecution if they are caught exceeding new limits which have, for the first time, been laid down for eight illegal drugs and eight prescription drugs. The levels for the illegal drugs, which include heroin, cocaine and cannabis, virtually mean there will be zero tolerance for drivers caught with these substances in their system. Police will be able to use ‘drugalysers’ to screen for cannabis and cocaine at the roadside. Officers will also be able to test for these and other drugs including ecstasy, LSD, ketamine and heroin at a police station, even if a driver passes the roadside check. Under the existing law it is illegal to use a phone while driving, even when stopped at traffic lights or queuing in traffic. If caught, a driver faces an automatic fixed penalty notice worth £100 and 3 penalty points on their licence. Only if it goes to court do they risk being disqualified, but the maximum fine is only £1,000. By comparison, drink-drivers face 6 months in jail, a fine of up to £5,000 fine and a driving ban for at least a year, rising to three years if convicted twice in a decade. The research revealed that using a handheld device is more distracting than alcohol or drugs, with drivers twice as likely to have their head down and eyes off the road while texting or using the internet. Some 1.6 per cent of Britain's estimated 36million drivers were spotted using a handheld phone while at the wheel last year – up on 1.4 per cent for a similar exercise carried out five years earlier in 2009. Two thirds of those observed breaking the law (1.1 per cent) last year had the phone in their hand rather than held to their ear – suggesting that they were using it to text or check the internet. The figures prompted Mr Clegg to call for tougher penalties. Speaking on his LBC radio phone-in, he said: 'I just don’t think we should beat about the bush here. It might seem like someone, “Oh I’m going to make a quick call home saying I’m doing to be late because I’m stuck in traffic". 'it is really dangerous. The evidence is overwhelming. You cannot call and devote the same attention as you should to keep yourself safe and others whilst driving a vehicle. 'That’s why in this government we’ve actually increased the penalty, we’ve dramatically increased the penalties, just I think a couple of years ago. 'I personally would be prepared to go further until we send out a clear and unambiguous message that this is dangerous and it should not be done.' | Suzette Davenport calls for prison terms for using a phone while driving . Smartphones mean it is 'effectively using a computer on your lap' Warns tougher sanctions would be unpopular with voters before election . Tory roads minister Robert Goodwill denies claim election is to blame . But Lib Dem Nick Clegg backs calls for new laws to send a 'clear message' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsenal legend Martin Keown believes Per Mertesacker's omission from Arsenal's starting line-up for Sunday's win over Everton 'could be a defining moment in changing the club's back four'. January signing Gabriel Paulista was preferred to the German in defence, with Gunners boss Arsene Wenger telling BT Sport that the change was made in order to give Mertesacker a rest. Sportsmail's Keown, speaking as a pundit on BT Sport, reacted to the news of Mertesacker's absence for the crucial game at the Emirates saying: 'I don't you can point the finger at one player after the Monaco game. It's a big chance for Gabriel now, though. Martin Keown believes Per Mertesacker's omission could be a defining moment in Arsenal's defence . Keown (third right) was joined by Steve McManaman (far right) and Michael Owen (second left) on BT Sport . 'I think it could be a defining moment in changing Arsenal's back four now, for sure. 'Mertesacker, with the experience he has in the game, should have been calling these young players back the other night, the two full-backs were just drifting up the pitch and not coming back. 'When he's been left isolated one-on-one he struggles due to his lack of pace too. Gabriel is keen to defend so he'll be relishing this opportunity to stamp a claim for a first-team spot.' The German defender (centre) looks on despondently after Arsenal concede a third goal on Wednesday . Arsene Wenger has come under a barrage of criticism after Arsenal's shock defeat to Monaco on Wednesday . Wenger, who has come under fierce criticism after Wednesday night's 3-1 defeat by Monaco in the Champions League, maintained he is still fully committed to Arsenal, urging supporters to stand by the team ahead of the 2-0 win over Roberto Martinez's men. In an interview with BT Sport he said: 'We have always been united at Arsenal so I ask the fans to stay behind the team and show how strong you believe in the team even after Wednesday's disappointing result. ‘In the last 25 years I’ve always finished in the top three four and that consistency has given me belief and confidence to continuing to manage at the highest level. I’m as committed as I’ve ever been to deliver success to this team.' | Arsenal beat Everton 2-0 in the Premier League on Sunday afternoon . Per Mertesacker was a headline omission from Arsenal's starting line-up . The 30-year-old struggled during Wednesday's 3-1 defeat at the hands of Monaco in the Champions League . Gunners boss Arsene Wenger said the German has been rested . Sportsmail's Martin Keown believes it could be a defining moment in changing Arsenal's back four . |
What is blockchain technology? | A blockchain is a distributed ledger with growing lists of records (blocks) that are securely linked together via cryptographic hashes.Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data (generally represented as a Merkle tree, where data nodes are represented by leaves). The timestamp proves that the transaction data existed when the block was created. Since each block contains information about the previous block, they effectively form a chain (compare linked list data structure), with each additional block linking to the ones before it. Consequently, blockchain transactions are irreversible in that, once they are recorded, the data in any given block cannot be altered retroactively without altering all subsequent blocks. | A decentralized, distributed ledger that securely and openly records transactions is defined.
Blockchain technology was first introduced with the launch of Bitcoin in 2008 and has since grown to be used in a wide range of applications.
Technical details: Blockchain secures and verifies transactions using cryptography and hashing, and validates them using consensus techniques.
Applications: In addition to cryptocurrencies, blockchain has been utilized in supply chain management, voting systems, smart contracts, and other areas.
Limitations: Blockchain is criticized for using a lot of energy and for having problems scaling. |
Which team won the 2023 NCAA Men's National Championship? | The 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament involved 68 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament that determined the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's basketball national champion for the 2022–23 season. The 84th annual edition of the tournament began on March 14, 2023, and concluded with the UConn Huskies defeating the San Diego State Aztecs, 76–59 in the championship game on April 3 at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas. | The University of Connecticut Huskies |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Los Angeles firefighters say nearly two dozen people were injured when a commuter train struck a car near downtown Los Angeles and partially derailed. Fire Department spokesman Shawn Lenske says 21 people on the train were hurt in Saturday's crash. He says all but one of the injuries was minor. One person in the crushed car was critically injured and had to be cut out of the vehicle. Scroll down for video . Los Angeles firefighters say nearly two dozen people suffered injuries when the commuter train struck a car . Lenske says two of the train's three passenger cars derailed. Further details on the extent of the injuries or the cause of the crash were not immediately available. Officials with Metrolink, which operates the train, did not immediately return a call for comment. The crash happened just before 11 a.m. near the University of Southern California campus, south of downtown. Reports suggest the line will remain closed for the foreseeable future. One person in the crushed car was critically injured and had to be cut out of the vehicle . Three passenger cars derailed as a result of the impact, a fire department spokesman said . Firefighters gather around the car that was crushed by the commuter train near the University of South California campus in Los Angeles . An aerial view of the scene shows the police corden set up around the vehicle . | The Metro train slammed into the vehicle near the downtown USC campus . Driver of the crushed car had to be cut out of the vehicle by firefighters . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Rolling Stone Keith Richards has objected to a planned £1.5million cafe being built on a beachfront near his country mansion. The 71-year-old guitarist has lodged an objection against the new development which is near his Redlands estate where he was famously arrested with band mate Mick Jagger in 1967 in a drugs raid. Richards is opposed to the planned restaurant which is earmarked for West Wittering beach in West Sussex. Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards has lodged a planning objection against this planned restaurant . Keith Richards, right, said the planned development 'would dominate the area and degrade its character' Keith Richards, right, with band mate Mick Jagger, has objected to several developments near his home . The new restaurant is planned to replace a smaller beach cafe which burned down due to an electrical fault in October last year. However, many local residents are opposed to the new, larger development. The Rolling Stone musician has written to planning authorities to express his objection to the plan. He said: 'The second-storey restaurant overlooks and is visible from the sea and beach. It spoils the natural beauty and seclusion of the beach. It dominates the area and degrades its character. 'The restaurant threatens the environment and locals. It cannot be allowed.' Richards has objected to several other planned developments near his property, which is surrounded by its own moat. The new building would replace a cafe that was damaged by a fire caused by an electrical fault in October last year, and it has been operating from the life savers' hut since then. West Wittering Estate runs the cafe and the company are proposing the planned redevelopment. The Rolling Stones guitarist has lived in his Redlands Elizabethan mansion, pictured, since the 1960s . Keith Richards, second right, and Mick Jagger, second left, were arrested at the mansion in 1967 . A police raid on the property, pictured, recovered cannabis resin and amphetamines . It has around 390 shareholders who purchased the land in 1952 to keep it as unspoilt and as undeveloped as possible. Peter Dawson, Mr Richards' neighbour, said he was 'gobsmacked' when he saw the plans. Shareholder Warren Tayler said he was surprised the new building had been located closer to the sea as an erosion map created by the Environment Agency showed the site 'was predicted to be eroded' by 2105. He said: 'It's an enormous development on a beach which is preserved not to have development. 'It will be visible for everybody boating or sailing and all up the Channel. Mr Tayler also said it would be 'dangerous' to have premises selling alcohol in a secluded area so close to the sea. The plans include space to sit 60 indoors and 40 outdoors in seating on a terrace which overlooks the beach. Developers want to build the new restaurant on a beach less than two miles from the musician's house . The planned beachfront restaurant is just two miles form Keith Richards' Elizabethan house . A small restaurant is planned on the upper floor during the daytime, with a self-service cafe on the ground floor, take-away windows and ice cream kiosks. Patrick Byrne, a director of the estate, said the building had been sited nearer the beach so visitors could enjoy sea views for the next 50 years, as plans had not been made for the next 100 years. He said the building's wooden exterior would help it blend into the landscape and that it would have be eco-friendly solar panels. Stephen Hammett, chairman of the estate, said: 'We believe it will provide a tasteful improvement, and it has been carefully designed to ensure the overall feel of the estate remains unspoilt and as natural as possible. 'Our aim is to provide our customers with a better service of food and drink, so that visiting West Wittering is an even better experience than before.' Following a trial in 1967, Jagger was sentenced to three months in prison for possession of amphetamines, while Richards was jailed for a year for allowing cannabis to be smoked in his home. Both sentences were overturned on appeal. | Rolling Stone Keith Richards has objected to a planned restaurant . The £1.5million building is planned for West Wittering beach West Sussex . Richards claims the restaurant will damage the environment and locals . He has lived in his moated Redlands mansion since the 1960s . He and fellow band mate Mick Jagger were arrested there in 1967 . The pair were jailed for drugs offences but the sentences were overturned . |
Based on the reference text, what were the main countries and alliances of World War II? | World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war.
World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in history; it resulted in an estimated 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of the Axis defeat, Germany and Japan were occupied, and war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders.
The causes of World War II are debated, but contributing factors included the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Spanish Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet–Japanese border conflicts, the rise of fascism in Europe, and European tensions in the aftermath of World War I. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France subsequently declared war on Germany on 3 September. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their "spheres of influence" across Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, in a military alliance with Italy, Japan and other countries called the Axis. Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the United Kingdom, and the Battle of the Atlantic. On 22 June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history.
Japan, which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific, was at war with the Republic of China by 1937. In December 1941, Japan attacked American and British territories with near-simultaneous offensives against Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific, including an attack on the US fleet at Pearl Harbor which resulted in the United States and United Kingdom declaring war against Japan. The European Axis powers declared war on the United States in solidarity. Japan soon captured much of the western Pacific, but its advances were halted in 1942 after losing the critical Battle of Midway; later, Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. Key setbacks in 1943—including a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front, the Allied invasions of Sicily and the Italian mainland, and Allied offensives in the Pacific—cost the Axis powers their initiative and forced them into strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and pushed Germany and its allies back. During 1944 and 1945, Japan suffered reversals in mainland Asia, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key western Pacific islands.
The war in Europe concluded with the liberation of German-occupied territories and the invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, culminating in the Fall of Berlin to Soviet troops, Hitler's suicide, and the German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the refusal of Japan to surrender on the terms of the Potsdam Declaration (issued 26 July 1945), the United States dropped the first atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima on 6 August and Nagasaki on 9 August. Faced with an imminent invasion of the Japanese archipelago, the possibility of additional atomic bombings, and the Soviet Union's declared entry into the war against Japan on the eve of invading Manchuria, Japan announced on 10 August its intention to surrender, signing a surrender document on 2 September 1945.
World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the globe and set the foundation for the international order of the world's nations during the Cold War and into present day. The United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts, with the victorious great powers—China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States—becoming the permanent members of its Security Council. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the nearly half-century-long Cold War. In the wake of European devastation, the influence of its great powers waned, triggering the decolonisation of Africa and Asia. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery and expansion. Political and economic integration, especially in Europe, began as an effort to forestall future hostilities, end pre-war enmities, and forge a sense of common identity. | The main countries involved in World War II were Germany, Japan, Italy, United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, and China and there were divided into two opposing alliances called the Allies and the Axis. The Axis alliance was composed of Germany, Japan, and Italy while the Allies alliance was composed of the United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, and China. |
Given this paragraph about South Korea, which body of water forms the country's western border and which body of water borders it's eastern border? | South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea. The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. South Korea claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. It has a population of 51.75 million, of which roughly half live in the Seoul Capital Area, the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the world. Other major cities include Incheon, Busan, and Daegu. | The western border of South Korea is formed by the Yellow Sea, while the eastern border is formed by the Sea of Japan. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)North Korea has arrested what it claims are two spies who worked for South Korea's intelligence service, a North Korean official said Thursday on condition of anonymity. The men, identified as Kim Kook Kie and Choi Chun Kil, are accused of committing crimes of "terrorism" and bringing in "large quantities of forged currency," the North Korean source said. The official said Kim had made a declaration of guilt. CNN cannot confirm the authenticity of the declaration or whether, if Kim made one, it was made under duress. South Korea's National Intelligence Service told CNN that "the information you've obtained is not true." "We don't have any information that members of NIS were arrested in North Korea," an NIS representative said. | Two men accused of committing crimes of "terrorism" and bringing in forged currency . South Korea's National Intelligence Service denies claim . |
Given this paragraph about the Ain Elzarga Wetland, why is this location one of the most important wetlands in the region? | Ain Elzarga Wetland is a Ramsar-protected wetland of Libya. It was established in 2000 and covers an area of 33 hectares (82 acres). Ramsar says of it: "A small natural sebkha or depression with at least one natural connection to the sea, wet all year round but with increasing water levels and salinity during summer. The sebkha, with mudflats and salt marsh community, is surrounded by dunes from east to west and rocky hills to the south and east. The site is one of the most important wetlands in the area of the El Kouf National Park for migratory waterbirds. The birdwatching and ecotourism potential is considerable but undeveloped. Unsustainable hunting and destruction of vegetation, especially during summer, are considered threats. | The Ain Elzarga Wetland is an important wetland due to being the home for migratory waterbirds. |
Which notable person having surname Liebers in this list was born first? | Liebers is a German language surname. Notable people with the name include:
Mario Liebers (born 1960), German former competitive figure skater
Martin Liebers (born 1985), German former competitive figure skater
Matthias Liebers (born 1958), former German footballer
Peter Liebers (born 1988), German former figure skater. | Mario Liebers |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This was the biggest night of Harry Kane’s extraordinary breakthrough season, so how did the England striker cope with the famed Italian brand of defending on his full debut? ALL SYSTEMS GO . Credit to Roy Hodgson for abandoning his original system in the 54th minute. It simply wasn’t working with Theo Walcott up front with Harry Kane. Ross Barkley replaced him and Wayne Rooney, a peripheral first half figure, was promoted up front to partner Kane. That bold and decisive move gave this more physical duo far more presence in their battle with Italy’s three-man defensive shield. Harry Kane grapples with Emiliano Moretti and Gigi Buffon as the England man makes a nuisance of himself . Kane has a dig from outside the area as England press for an equaliser in the second half . Kane and Spurs team-mate Andros Townsend beam at the final whistle after England's 1-1 draw in Turin . ‘We struggled physically in the second half,’ admitted Italy coach Antonio Conte. He was right. Kane had a couple of decent chances, one deflected away for a corner and another saved well by Gianluigi Buffon when he fed off the scraps from Andros Townsend’s shots. The beauty of this boy Kane is that he shows no fear, standing tall with the rest of this England team as they fought their way back into this game. At the final whistle, Buffon embraced the Tottenham striker before he walked towards the England fans to salute them for travelling to Turin for this friendy. He belongs in this company. ITALIAN MARKING . Prince Harry had Leonardo Bonucci marking him throughout the first half and he was so tight to the England forward it was skin-on-skin at times. Bonucci, along with his central defensive partner Giorgio Chiellini is part of a Juventus team who are top of Serie A and have only conceded 14 goals in the league. You don’t get much change out of these two, especially at international level. It is almost a criminal act for an Italian defender to concede a goal, no matter what the circumstances or the occasion. Kane is sandwiched by Leonardo Bonucci and Giorgio Chiellini as Italy defend a high ball . Chiellini keeps Kane under wraps as the England man struggles for space in the area . Antonio Conte’s team spend hours on the practice pitches going through defensive drills, denying opposition players space in the areas where they can be hurt the most. Rooney had warned this England team about the dirty tricks, but Italy have turned defending in to an art form over the years. They are masters of their trade. This is part of Kane’s education, working out ways to unsettle Italy’s three man defence and pulling at least one of them out of position to open up some space in central areas. STARVED OF SERVICE . Kane's biggest contribution to the first half was his knock-down for Walcott’s effort that rebounded to Wayne Rooney lurking just inside the penalty area. England’s captain hit the bar. That was better, getting the ball in to dangerous areas of the field for Kane to finally do some damage. Still, it was hard to get away from the statistics. Kane leaps for a corner but the ball is punched away but Italy's veteran keeper Gigi Buffon . Kane attempts to rob Alessandro Florenzi of possession during a tricky night in Turin . By the time the England team walked off the pitch at half-time in the Juventus Stadium, when they were losing 1-0, Kane had only touched the ball 15 times, Theo Walcott had 13. That is not nearly enough at this level. The alternative is to stay on the last man, as he did after the break by treading on the toes of Chiellini, his designated second half marker, and acting as a target man. The change gave England options and Kane’s effort at the start of the second half would have troubled Italy’s legendary keeper Gianluigi Buffon, but it was deflected wide for a corner. THAT WAS THE WEEK . This time last year Harry Kane had scored just two goals in his entire career for Spurs: one against Shamrock Rovers in the Europa League and another against Hull City in the Capital One Cup. This has been a momentous week in Harry Kane’s life and he returns to Tottenham’ s training ground to prepare for Sunday’s clash with Burnley as a full international. Kane trudges back to the half way line after England fell behind in the first-half . Kane has a go from outside the box but failed to get on the scoresheet against the wily Italians . After scoring 29 times for Tottenham this season, plus another on his debut for the national team against Lithuania at Wembley last Friday, he remains very much man of the moment. Even at 21 he looks like a man who can take it all in his stride and there is even the possibility that he will be named PFA player of the year or FWA footballer of the year in May. UNDER 21 DILEMMA . Gareth Southgate will hold more talks with the Tottenham forward, but there is pressure from within Wembley for Kane to commit to the Under 21 tournament this summer. Kane has represented England at various levels throughout his international career and it will send a strong message to players that they are expected to play in summer tournaments. Kane looks up after finally evading Chiellini's attentions as the England man looks for attacking options . Kane is kept at arm's length by Chiellini as the Juventus defender keeps a close eye on the England man . The Spurs forward has played an awful lot of football this season, but there is a real momentum building with the Under 21 team after their fine comeback and eventual victory over Germany at the Riverside on Monday evening. With Kane in the Under 21s this summer, along with West Brom forward Saido Berahino, England would have one of the most potent attacking partnerships at the tournament. | Kane had a tough first half on his full England debut but when Roy Hodgson put Wayne Rooney alongside him, it yielded dividends . Kane regularly found himself with Leonardo Bonucci and Giorgio Chiellini for company . Kane showed no fear, standing tall with the rest of this England team as they fought their way back into this game . At the end of the game he was embraced by Gigi Buffon . CLICK HERE to read Martin Samuel's match report from Turin . |
In the first few months how many children were registered? | The children were sent mainly to the four Dominion countries, Canada 1,532 (in nine parties), Australia 577 (three parties), New Zealand 202 (two parties), and South Africa 353 (two parties), and 838 to the USA under the United States Committee for the Care of European Children programme. In the first few months over 211,000 children were registered with the scheme. A further 24,000 children had been approved for sailing in that time and over 1,000 volunteer escorts, including doctors and nurses, enrolled. It was planned as a temporary exile for the children, to return home to their families when conditions permitted. | 211,000 children were registered in the scheme in the first few months. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | She is rarely pictured without a beaming smile on her face as she goes about her royal duties. But yesterday the Duchess of Cambridge was showing the strain of keeping up with her busy schedule at almost eight months pregnant. She looked pale and tired, with fine lines on her forehead, as she left an exclusive London hotel, and, unusually, failed to offer onlookers even the briefest of grins. Nevertheless Kate, 33, still showed off her impeccable style in a floral print dress, matched with navy Alexander McQueen court shoes and an understated £255 Russell & Bromley Muse Suede Clutch. Scroll down for video . Yummy mummy: The Duchess of Cambridge departs following a birthday celebration for the 105-year-old Goring Hotel . Erdem Resort 2013 Darla dress in purple . Click to check out the current Erdem collection at Net-a-Porter! Visit site . Well this is a nice surprise. We weren't expecting to see the Duchess of Cambridge today but here she is looking fresh as a daisy in a lovely floral print frock as she stepped out of the Goring Hotel. This spring-ready dress is by Erdem and is from the London based designer's Resort 2013 collection. So not only is Kate rocking one of the coolest high end labels around but she's still wearing regular fitting clothes, despite being seven months pregnant. How does she do it? With fans in Alexa Chung, Kate Bosworth and Keira Knightley, Erdem is now a regular feature on the red carpet and Kate's look today confirms just how into fashion she is. Styled with her favorite navy blue suede Alexander McQueen heels and a clutch by Stuart Weitzman, she's the picture of elegance. And what you can't see is that the dress has a cute cut out at the back. Gorgeous! Unfortunately it is no longer available to buy but if you click the link (right) you can take a look at the current collection at Net-a-Porter. For those who want to steal Kate's style for less we've found some pretty prints that will do the trick. L.K. Bennett's 'Rosa' dress is a dead ringer for the Erdem original or check out Coast and Marks and Spencer for similar styles. If the Duchess is dressing for spring then we've all got the royal seal of approval. Coast Harla print dress . Visit site . Asos Maternity floral print dress (now reduced to $41.50) Visit site . Little Mistress floral print dress at Asos (now reduced to £56) Visit site . Sam & Lavi floral dress at Revolve . Visit site . She looked remarkably svelte, displaying her neat baby bump in the £995 Erdem dress, which is not designed for pregnant women, as she left the lunchtime reception at the five-star Goring Hotel. Kate's lunchtime foray was not part of her official schedule and, according to Kensington Palace, the 33-year-old was attending in a private capacity, having received a personal invitation from the hotel. Today's visit is far from being the first time that the Duchess has spent time at the Goring. Last December, the hotel was the venue for a meeting of the board of the 1851 Trust, the sailing charity of which the Duchess is patron. She also stayed in the hotel, which is situated across the road from Buckingham Palace, in the run-up to the 2011 Royal Wedding along with her parents and siblings Pippa and James. Getting bigger: The Duchess, who is now seven months pregnant and is due to give birth in April, showed off a noticeably bigger bump . No coat: The Duchess was without a coat and chose to brave the cold in nothing more than her patterned silk dress . Other royals to love the London hotel include the Queen Mother who apparently considered it her favourite and used the Goring, which first opened its doors in 1910, as the venue for her last public appearance in 2002. Today's visit to the Goring Hotel was the Duchess' first public outing in two weeks, with her last official visit coming when she travelled to the Potteries in Stoke-on-Trent to tour the Emma Bridgewater factory. During that trip, during which she wore a Seraphine dress, a SportMax coat and her trademark £395 Jimmy Choo satin shoes, the Duchess tried her hand at making plates and was declared a natural by local potters. She also used the occasion to visit the Action for Children Cape Hill Children's Centre in Smethwick, where she joined a group of youngsters who were trying their hand at crafts courtesy of a couple of old tin cans and some colourful feathers. The Duchess, an art fan herself, promptly rolled up her sleeves and got stuck in before declaring, as she made her way back to her waiting car: 'George would have loved this!' Prince George's father, the Duke of Cambridge, is currently touring China and spent his second evening in the country making a speech in Shanghai, following a historic meeting with China's President Xi Jinping in Beijing. Private visit: The Duchess' visit to the Goring was not part of her official duties and was the result of a personal invitation from the hotel . Happy memories: It was at the Goring, which sits across the road from Buckingham Palace, that Kate spent her final night as a Middleton . On her way: After the lunchtime reception, the Duchess hopped back in her car and returned to Kensington Palace . President Xi, who is part of the Communist party leadership once dubbed 'appalling old waxworks' by the Prince of Wales, gave William a warm welcome and also heaped praise on the rest of the Royal Family. The two men met in the imposing Great Hall of the People - home to the Chinese Congress - where the president talked of the royals' interest in his country and the positive contribution they have made to the relationship between China and the UK. Despite Prince Philip writing off Beijing as 'ghastly' during his 1986 royal tour of China, President Xi as also extended an open invitation to the Queen and her family, which, according to commentators, could pave the way for a visit by the heir to the throne. Afterwards, the Duke was driven to the Forbidden City, an imperial palace that was used by both Ming and Qing dynasties and takes up more than 180 acres of central Beijing. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, construction on the palace complex began in 1406 and it later became home to 25 different emperors as well as the spot where the last Emperor of China, Puyi, abdicated in 1912. The Duke then flew out of Beijing and on to the coastal city - and former British stronghold - of Shanghai, where he helped launch the GREAT Festival of Creativity, a government-inspired scheme intended to promote British business. On his travels: The Duke of Cambridge is currently touring China and made a speech in Shanghai at a festival promoting British business . Speech: The Duke spoke of the close links between the UK and China and his hope that the collaboration will continue in future . Innovation: He took the opportunity to speak about Britain's innovation in film, art and the media but also in education and healthcare . Colourful: The scene as the Duke arrived at the business festival was a colourful one thanks to the presence of flag waving dancers . In a speech made at the event, William described the festival as 'a showcase and celebration of the creative strength of the British economy and the ingenuity of the British people.' 'It is a platform not only for our famed and still thriving creative sectors, such as film, art and media,' he continued. 'But it is also a platform for the creativity and inventiveness that British firms apply in a wide variety of sectors, like healthcare and education.' The Duke also took the opportunity thank President Xi for his 'warm welcome' and put his knowledge of Mandarin to use, opening the speech with 'Nushimen, Xianshengmen, wan shang hao' which translates as 'Ladies and gentlemen, good evening'. 'This is my first time in China,' he added. 'But less than 24 hours into my first visit, I have a strong sense of the opportunity that exists for collaboration and partnership between our two countries. 'This morning in Beijing as I was warmly welcomed by President Xi in the Great Hall of the People before visiting the Forbidden City, I was given the chance to appreciate first-hand that China and Britain are united in our experience as countries with a proud and ancient history.' William's visit, which comes immediately after a four-day trip to Japan, will continue for another two days with the Duke due to see more of Shanghai and the southern city of Jinghong before flying home. Meeting the locals: William visited the Shija Hutong Museum where he was introduced to vulnerable children being helped by Chinese charities . Historic: William was also given a guided tour of the magnificent Forbidden City in Beijing before flying to Shanghai . Warm welcome: Despite his father's 1997 description of the Communist leadership as being 'old waxworks', William got a warm reception . All smiles: The Duke enjoyed a friendly meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing . Visit: The Duke, pictured with Chinese deputy president Li Yuanchao, was asked to pass on an invitation to visit to the Queen . | The Duchess of Cambridge was at the Goring Hotel's 105th birthday celebration this lunchtime . Was glamorous in a purple patterned dress by Erdem that showed off her growing baby bump . Visit was an unofficial one and took place after the Duchess was sent a personal invitation . Husband Prince William is currently on an official tour of China and arrived in Shanghai today . |
Extract the current points scoring table for current Formula 1's grand prixs in the form of [Place of Finish- Points Scored] | Points system
Main article: List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th FL*
25 18 15 12 10 8 6 4 2 1 1
*A driver must finish within the top ten to receive a point for setting the fastest lap of the race. If the driver who set the fastest lap finishes outside of the top ten, then the point for fastest lap will not be awarded for that race.
The Formula One trophy given to the winner at the end of the year.
Various systems for awarding championship points have been used since 1950. The current system, in place since 2010, awards the top ten cars points in the Drivers' and Constructors' Championships, with the winner receiving 25 points. All points won at each race are added up, and the driver and constructor with the most points at the end of the season are crowned World Champions. Regardless of whether a driver stays with the same team throughout the season, or switches teams, all points earned by them count for the Drivers' Championship.
A driver must be classified in order to receive points, as of 2022, a driver must complete at least 90% of the race distance in order to receive points. Therefore, it is possible for a driver to receive points even if they retired before the end of the race.
From some time between the 1977 and 1980 seasons to the end of the 2021 season if less than 75% of the race laps were completed by the winner, then only half of the points listed in the table were awarded to the drivers and constructors. This has happened on only five occasions in the history of the championship, and it had a notable influence on the final standing of the 1984 season. The last occurrence was at the 2021 Belgian Grand Prix when the race was called off after just three laps behind a safety car due to torrential rain. The half points rule was replaced by a distance-dependent gradual scale system for 2022. | [1st Place- 25 pts], [2nd place- 20 pts], [3rd place- 15 pts], [4th place- 12 pts], [5th place- 10 pts], [6th place- 8 pts], [7th place- 6 pts], [8th place- 4 pts], [9th place- 2 pts], [10th place- 1 pt] |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Serena Williams had a big decision to make earlier this year, and she wanted to run it by her parents. She was nervous. She wanted to see whether they would support her going back to Indian Wells, California, to play in a tournament she had skipped 13 times since winning in 2001. The last time she was there, she had been booed loudly and lustfully. The fans were upset and sensed some sort of conspiracy that she didn't have to face her talented older sister in the semifinals. Venus Williams had withdrawn 10 minutes before their match with a knee injury. Many fans didn't buy it and thought it was orchestrated to give the younger Williams a chance for extra rest. Two days later, during the championship match, Serena Williams, 19 at the time, was jeered when she did well and cheered when she fared poorly. Then days after the tournament, which she won, her father, Richard, told USA Today that as he and Venus walked down the stairs to their seats, people kept calling him the N-word and one man said: "I wish it was '75; we'd skin you alive." Neither Serena nor Venus has played in the tennis tournament since. That will end Friday when Serena Williams, the world No. 1, faces Monica Niculescu, the 68th-ranked player in a second-round match. The end of the boycott took a lot of conversations with a lot of people, Williams told reporters Thursday. Two of the most important were with her parents. "It was a really emotional time for me," she said, saying the prospect of the talks made her a little nervous. She told them she wouldn't go back if they didn't want her to go. But they both said to play. Her dad said it would be a big mistake not to come back, she said. Williams said her mother said, "I will be there for you." Venus Williams, the No. 11 singles player, isn't playing in the tournament, but Serena Williams said her older sister was 100% behind her. She is "very happy that I am here. And even encouraged me to come," Serena Williams said. Serena Williams announced her return to the event in a TIME magazine first-person piece in February, writing she would ended her boycott in the spirit of forgiveness. She said Thursday that she didn't just have to forgive the fans at Indian Wells. "In order to forgive, you have to be able to really let go of everything. I kind of let go a long time ago, and I kind of forgave, but I wasn't at point where I was ready to come back," she said. The timing seemed right this year, she said. She added that she will be a little nervous in her first match at the BNP Paribas Open. Still she was "looking forward actually to kind of stepping out on center court and letting the whole world know that it doesn't matter what you face -- whether it's something that wasn't right, something that hurt you, hurt your family. You can just come out and be strong." CNN's Chris Borg and Tom McGowan contributed to this report. | In 2001, her father said the family was the subject of racial slurs . Neither Serena or Venus Williams has played in the tournament since . Serena Williams says playing shows the world you can be strong in the face of intolerance . |
Using given text, extract as many definitions of science fiction | American science fiction author and editor Lester del Rey wrote, "Even the devoted aficionado or fan—has a hard time trying to explain what science fiction is," and the lack of a "full satisfactory definition" is because "there are no easily delineated limits to science fiction." According to Isaac Asimov, "Science fiction can be defined as that branch of literature which deals with the reaction of human beings to changes in science and technology." Robert A. Heinlein wrote that "A handy short definition of almost all science fiction might read: realistic speculation about possible future events, based solidly on adequate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough understanding of the nature and significance of the scientific method."
Part of the reason that it is so difficult to pin down an agreed definition of science fiction is because there is a tendency among science fiction enthusiasts to act as their own arbiter in deciding what exactly constitutes science fiction. Damon Knight summed up the difficulty, saying "science fiction is what we point to when we say it." David Seed says it may be more useful to talk around science fiction as the intersection of other, more concrete, genres and subgenres. | According to Lester del Rey, "Science fiction can be defined as that branch of literature which deals with the reaction of human beings to changes in science and technology". According to Robert A. Heinlein, "A handy short definition of almost all science fiction might read: realistic speculation about possible future events, based solidly on adequate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough understanding of the nature and significance of the scientific method." |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Martin Skrtel was hit with a three-match ban on Wednesday for stamping on Manchester United goalkeeper David de Gea, but the Liverpool defender escaped any further action after he appeared to mock the FA by posting a picture of clowns on social media. The photograph appeared on Skrtel’s Instagram account on Wednesday morning, shortly before the FA announced that he had been found guilty of deliberately treading on De Gea towards the end of Liverpool’s 2-1 defeat to their rivals at Anfield on Sunday. The FA are aware of the post but have decided not to take the matter further. Martin Skrtel's foot lands on David de Gea's leg in the incident which saw the FA charge the defender . Skrtel could have been in more trouble for posting this picture of clowns after the FA upheld his ban . Premier League: Arsenal away, April 4 . FA Cup Sixth round: Blackburn away, April 8 . Premier League: Newcastle at home, April 13 . Skrtel, 30, had denied the FA charge which was brought on the basis of video evidence, after referee Martin Atkinson confirmed that he did not see the incident with De Gea. The Slovakia defender becomes the second Liverpool player to be banned for violent conduct in the game after Steven Gerrard was given an automatic three-game suspension for stamping on Ander Herrera just 38 seconds after coming on as a half-time substitute. Both players will now miss the trip to third-placed Arsenal a week on Saturday and Newcastle’s visit to Anfield on April 13, as well as Liverpool’s FA Cup quarter-final replay at Blackburn five days earlier. Liverpool also have a number of injury concerns arising from the United game. Daniel Sturridge (hip) and Adam Lallana (groin) have withdrawn from England duty, while Raheem Sterling is expected to do the same after playing in tomorrow’s Euro 2016 qualifier against Lithuania at Wembley. Skrtel was charged with violent conduct but claimed the alleged stamp was not intentional . A three-man panel of former elite officials reviewed the footage after it was missed by Martin Atkinson (right) Brendan Rodgers has a major selection headache ahead of the trip to Arsenal in the Premier League . Sterling has been having injections in a toe injury and is unlikely to risk aggravating the problem by playing in Tuesday’s friendly with Italy. Goalkeeper Simon Mignolet has been having scans on an ankle injury at Belgium’s training camp after colliding with Wayne Rooney on Sunday and Dejan Lovren has pulled out of the Croatia squad with a recurring abdominal strain. Lovren would have been an ideal candidate to replace Skrtel, who made no secret of his feelings yesterday when the FA announced that he had been found guilty of deliberately treading on De Gea’s right shin. A three-man panel of elite officials reviewed the footage on Monday and agreed unanimously that it was a red card offence. The 30-year-old denied the charge and argued that any contact with De Gea was unintentional, but an independent disciplinary commission decided otherwise yesterday. Captain Steven Gerrard was sent off after stamping on Manchester United's Ander Herrera on Sunday . Gerrard will also miss three games after seeing red for this stamp during the 2-1 defeat . An FA statement was released at lunchtime shortly after Skrtel had posted a photograph of four clowns on social media in what was interpreted as a clear dig at the authorities. The FA have been known to punish thinly-veiled criticism before — not least when Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho was fined £10,000 last season for bringing the game into disrepute after making sarcastic comments about match officials following a defeat by Sunderland. It is understood that they did not think there was enough evidence on this occasion to justify a similar charge against Skrtel. He is currently in Slovakia preparing for tomorrow night’s Euro 2016 qualifier against Luxembourg and next week’s friendly against the Czech Republic. Considering the problems afflicting Rodgers and his Anfield squad at the moment, it is probably just as well. | Martin Skrtel set to miss games against Arsenal, Newcastle and Blackburn . Liverpool defender denied charge of stamping on David de Gea . Skrtel was not punished during 2-1 defeat by Manchester United on Sunday . The 30-year-old posted a picture of clowns after ban was upheld . Sportsmail understands Skrtel will face no extra punishment for photo . CLICK HERE for all the latest Liverpool news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Stuart McCall admits taking on the challenge of steering Rangers to Premiership promotion was a gamble he couldn’t refuse as he bids to earn a longer stay as Ibrox boss. The 50-year-old was unveiled on Thursday as manager until the end of the current season – following the exit of caretaker Kenny McDowall - and hasn’t received any promises about what could lie beyond that point. However, the former Rangers midfielder insists he didn’t think twice about returning to the club where he won six league titles in seven years during the 1990s. New Rangers manager Stuart McCall raises the club scarf after being unveiled on Thursday afternoon . McCall, 50, will take charge of the club he used to play for until the end of the season . The new Rangers boss takes his first training session at Murray Park on Thursday afternoon . McCall views it as a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity and is focused on revitalising a play-off push that could convince the new Rangers board he is the man for the future. ‘I know what the expectation levels are at this club,’ he said. ‘It’s a gamble, it’s a massive challenge but it’s an opportunity I never thought I’d get and I had to take it. ‘It’s an honour and a privilege to be asked to come and help out at this club until the end of the season. ‘People have been texting me good luck and asking me if I know what I’m doing. But it’s a wonderful opportunity for me.’ McCall addressed the players and conducted an afternoon training session at Murray Park after cancelling their scheduled day off. He spoke with director John Gilligan and interim chairman Paul Murray to reach an agreement on Wednesday but confirmed no guarantees were given beyond the 11 remaining games of the regular season. The former Motherwell manager has taken charge of the Ibrox club for the rest of the season . The former Bradford player faces the press as he is unveiled on Thursday . McCall said the chance to manage Rangers for just 11 guaranteed games was a 'wonderful opportunity' ‘There’s nothing concrete,’ said the former Motherwell boss, who will again be assisted by Kenny Black. ‘My question to the board was: “What do you see as success?” ‘I don’t want to do as well as I can, turn it around, and then see others coming in. ‘Progress will obviously be an upturn in results and everyone will say success is gaining promotion to the Premiership. But you could get to the second leg of the play-off final, see your goalkeeper sent off and lose on penalty kicks. ‘It can be a thin line between whether you go up or not. We’ve got to improve our performance and it’s about self-belief and regaining confidence. There are no guarantees either way if we go up or have to stay down. ‘I want to make it a success. I’m not an over-confident person. I know it will be a struggle but I will do my best.’ Rangers announced that caretaker manager Kenny McDowall has left the club ahead of a new appointmnet . McCall (centre right) celebrates the 1992 SPL during his Rangers playing days with the Ibrox club . McCall also confirmed he would not have taken the job had Dave King and his allies not attained boardroom power. ‘I get paid to try and get the best out of a group of players,’ he added. ‘There is no magic formula or a pill you can give them for confidence. It’s about trying to restore self-belief. A couple of results can change things. ‘The supporters are there, willing them to do well. They don’t want to come and boo. The club has had a kicking, but the team have had two promotions in the past two seasons and there is still an opportunity to get another one this year.’ McCall spoke at length with McDowall on Thursday morning, before the latter’s amicable departure was then confirmed later in the day. McDowall was a reluctant leader at Rangers and was boss for 10 games, winning just three of those . Stuart McCall (left), who was Scotland assistant under Gordon Strachan, has taken charge at Ibrox . McDowall became caretaker manager after Ally McCoist was placed on garden leave by the old regime just before Christmas. He was, however, always a reluctant conscript to the role and had handed in his own notice in January. ‘It was an honour and privilege to work for Rangers Football Club and I will leave with so many positive memories,’ said McDowall, who originally arrived at Ibrox as first-team coach in 2007. ‘I have worked with so many talented people since I joined and I will forever be in Walter Smith’s debt for bringing me to Rangers. ‘Working with Walter, Ally McCoist, Ian Durrant, Jim Stewart and all the backroom staff plus the staff at Ibrox and Murray Park was a pleasure and I wish the club well for the future. ‘I was delighted to play a part in the club’s history and I wish the supporters and new management team all the very best.’ | Stuart McCall was named as the Rangers manager until end of the season . Former Motherwell boss said it was a gamble he could not turn down . McCall says that promotion to the Scottish Premiership is the club's goal . Caretaker manager Kenny McDowall left the club on Thursday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Maria Sharapova's life-changing move from Siberia to Florida as a seven-year-old propelled her on a path to fame and fortune but she says she would never turn her back on her mother country. It is sometimes easy to forget that five-times grand slam champion Sharapova, the world's highest-paid female athlete, is actually Russian until you witness her conduct a post-match press conference in her native tongue. With £21.4million in prize money alone, a string of lucrative endorsements, her own sweet business and even a famous boyfriend she is the living embodiment of the American dream. Russian tennis star Maria Sharapova poses with Tania Bryer during their interview on CNBC . Sharapova opens up about her past in the episode of CNBC Meets with host Tania Bryer . Yet, Sharapova baulks at the idea that she would want to trade her Russian passport for an American one, as former Czech Martina Navratilova did early in her glittering career. 'I would have if I wanted to (change citizenships) but it's never been actually a question in my family or in my team whether I wanted to change citizenships,' the Russian told CNBC in an interview to be screened on Wednesday. Sharapova, who won the Wimbledon title aged 17, still gives her all for Russia in the Fed Cup and was a torch bearer at the Sochi Winter Olympics a year ago. She said her Russian heritage moulded her instincts. Sharapova carries the Olympic torch during the opening ceremony in Sochi . Sharapova won the Wimbledon title when she was just 17 back in 2004 . 'It is about the family environment, it is about the rich culture,' the 27-year-old said. 'Just life experiences that I look back to and I know that for so many years I was shaped into the individual I was from those experiences. 'And not necessarily simply the country, but the people, the mentality and the toughness and that never giving up attitude.' World No 2 Sharapova will not have to venture too far from her adopted home at the Miami Open which starts this week. Should the tournament go according to rankings she will play nemesis Serena Williams in the final. Sharapova lost to long time rival Serena Williams at the Australian Open final . Sharapova competes at Indian Wells last week . She beat the American in the 2004 Wimbledon final and again a few months later but lost the next 16, most recently in this year's Australian Open final. But Sharapova said their rivalry still burned strong. 'She's at the peak of her career. I am now number two in the world,' she said. 'I feel like we're still driven and hungry to be the best tennis players. 'I don't think anyone in the tennis world believed that, in 10 years' time, we would still be rivals. I think it's an incredible story.' | Maria Sharapova moved from Siberia to Florida when she was seven . Sharapova has won all four Grand Slams in her career . Russian born Sharapova says she would never trade her citizenship . |
What does W stand for in the name W. Rex Black? | Wilford Rex Black (January 31, 1920 – December 12, 2012) was an American politician.
Wilford Rex Black represented the 2nd Utah Senate District from 1973 to 1997. W. Rex Black, as he was often referred to, was a member of the Democratic party and represented the party as the Minority leader in the Utah Senate for many years. | Wilford |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Radamel Falcao's miserable time at Manchester United plumbed new depths when he turned out for the club's Under 21s in their 1-1 draw with Tottenham. At a virtually empty Old Trafford the £280,00-a-week misfit endured a lifeless 72 minutes before suffering the ignominy of hearing cheers when his number was held up. United handed Monaco a £6m loan fee for Falcao, 29, and have an option to buy him for £43.2m at the end of the season. Catch up on all the action with Sportsmail's Oliver Todd. Host commentator . It could have been a win for Manchester United on Tuesday night, had Falcao not found his way in front of two goalbound shots. The expensive loanee did more harm than good to United's attack. One big positive for the home side though was Rafael. His all-round performance and excellent goal will surely give Louis van Gaal food for thought with regards to the left back slot. Anyway, that's it from our live coverage. Check out Mike Keegan's match report HERE. Thanks for following! That's it, the referee has blown the final whistle and United and Spurs play out a 1-1 draw. Kenny McEvoy scored the opener for Tottenham before Rafael equalised with a brilliant chip in the second half. But despite an attack boasting Radamel Falcao and James Wilson, United couldn't find a winner and Spurs had the best chance of the second half when they hit the bar. Liam Grimshaw heads Pereira's first corner wide via a deflection - a second comes in but it only ends with captain Tom Thorpe fouling the goalkeeper. There will be three minutes of time added on. Andy Kellet's brilliant back-heel sets up Pereira for a cross. His pin-point ball comes to the feet of Harrop but he hesitates in a way that resembled the man he replaced, Falcao. When he finally got the shot off, the effort was blocked and the chance was gone. Still both teams going in search of a winner. Meanwhile, Spurs make a sub. Lesniak is off for Aaron McEneff. Axel Tuanzebe is on as United search for a winner. Off comes Shaquile Coulthirst to be replaced by Daniel Akindiyini. United arguably look better with Falcao off the pitch and James Wilson trusted with a more central role. Rafael's cross from the right just evades the young striker sliding on and shortly after Pereira puts another Rafael delivery over the bar. Falcao is being subbed off! He's been poor in truth and has done more harm than good to United's attacks. Louis van Gaal is unlikely to be impressed and you would think he has no chance of starting at the weekend on this showing. He is replaced by Josh Harrop. Oh, and he awkwardly didn't seem to realise it was him that was being hooked at first, just as he did with the first team against Preston North End. It's fair to say the Old Trafford crowd weren't too impressed with him either: . Valdes comes out to scoop up the ball under the feet Shaquile Coulthirst but the Spurs make takes exception to his efforts and they have a bit of a shove at each other. Nothing special too and they're both just warned by the referee. Reece James comes off and surprise January signing on loan from Bolton, Andy Kellet, joins the action. Brilliant work from Rafael down the right flank for United and he finds himself in acres of space and with loads of time to pick a pass to the onrushing Goss at the edge of the area. He hits a low shot and it lands at the feet of Falcao but he can only find a slight deflection and it's easily saved. Again, it looked originally goalbound. McEvoy again provides from the left, this time his cross goes all the way to the edge of the area and Will Miller, who pokes a shot towards goal but it's easily saved by Valdes. A free-kick routine ends with McEvoy playing a short cross to Cameron Carter-Vickers at the near post and his glanced header hits the bar with Valdes nowhere near it. Best chance of the half so far goes to Spurs. Not too much happening here but Rafael is again looking the star of the show for United. Don't think we've seen Falcao touch the ball yet in the second period since he kicked us off. Meanwhile, Christian Fuchs has just put Schalke ahead against Real Madrid at the Bernabeu in the Champions League. It's 1-0 but that leaves Real still 2-1 ahead of aggregate. Keep up to date with our coverage HERE. The Spurs forward makes a darting run forward through midfield with a couple of feints thrown in for good measure, but he's eventually tackled on the edge of the D. Into the second half at Old Trafford. Falcao kicks the second period off from the centre spot. That's it for the first half. Rafael equalised for United with an excellent chip after Kenny McEvoy opened the scoring for Spurs. It's not been great from star man Radamel Falcao so far but he's putting himself about and you feel a better chance will come if he's not hooked at the break. Coming up to half him and Andreas Pereira is the latest United player to have a pop from range. This time it's from 25 yards and it goes a few inches over McGee's head. He had the keeper worried. One minute of added time is shown at Old Trafford. A poor - and unnecessary - challenge sees the United youngster booked. Rafael is showing himself as the best player on the pitch here and it's seems a little bizarre that his first-team prospects are in doubt under Van Gaal when you consider Antonio Valencia's recent form.. Spurs are producing some good passing play and at times Falcao is reduced to feeding off scraps in the air up against young defenders. Surely he couldn't have envisaged that when he arrived back in August. Meanwhile, Sportsmail's Mike Keegan reports that the steadily growing crowd at Old Trafford are finding their voices after the goal. Just when Spurs looked to be getting on top goalkeeper Luke McGee drops a bit of a clanger. He collects the ball from a cross ahead of Falcao and looks to bowl it out to a team-mate. Instead it hits Rafael and the Brazilian has all the time in the world to send a sumptuous chip back over the goalkeeper's head and into the net. Left-footed, and from 35 yards. Impressive. 1-1. Awful pass out of the area from Donald Love for Manchester United and Shaquile Coulthirst latches on to a ball back in. A brilliant bit of skill gets him away from his marker but a cheeky chipped finish past Valdes drops just wide. Close. Shades of United's defeat on Monday night here.... Shocking back pass from Joe Rothwell and it arrives at the feet of Spurs' Kenny McEvoy. He advances forward past one challenger and slots in an excellent finish past Victor Valdes. Ah, that's not so good from the on-loan forward. James Wilson makes an excellent run cutting in from the right wing and fires in a thunderous left-footed shot. It looks to be going on target but instead the smashes into the back of Falcao and out of play. Whoops. Joshua Onomah, a star of Spurs' FA Youth Cup semi-final first leg win over Chelsea last week, has a chance to put his side ahead after being played in over the top. Unfortunately for the visitors he blasts over from a tight angle. Another chance for Falcao, this time he teams up with Rafael again and is one-on-one with marker Bongani Khumalo but he can't break past him and the tackle dispossess him. Sean Goss follows up and fires narrowly wide from 20 yards. The stands are filling up at Old Trafford a little more during the opening stages - it's not every night you get a £40million-rated star striker playing in a free-entry game. Grant Ward's free-kick for Tottenham the only real dangerous opportunity so far. Rafael is another United first-team player hoping to impress tonight and he bursts into the box down the right but a deep cross cannot be controlled by Falcao and Spurs clear. The Colombian has been flagged offside once and at least seems willing to get himself about - this could be a positive evening for him. Meanwhile a brilliant run from Grant Ward for Tottenham draws a foul and Spurs have a free-kick in a dangerous area, but it's sent well over the bar into an empty Stretford End. Manchester United's expensive loanee has his first opportunity of the game, receiving the ball in off the right flank and trying to turn a marker inside the area. The ball gets tangled under his feet though and the chance is gone. Not the greatest start, but a start nonetheless. The two teams are out, with Falcao at the back of the United line-up and we've kicked off. Louis van Gaal's assistant manager Ryan Giggs is in attendance at Old Trafford tonight and is sitting alongside his former team-mate Nicky Butt. If Falcao wants a place in the side to face Tottenham's first team this weekend then he'll have to show something to impress Giggs. The two teams tonight sit joint top of the Barclays Under 21 Premier League (although Spurs have a game in hand), so tonight's result will decide who becomes the outright leader. It might be United's only chance of silverware this season after their FA Cup exit on Monday night, which you can read Martin Samuel's match report for HERE. United are expected to play a 4-1-2-1 diamond, with Falcao and Wilson leading the line, a pairing that has faced Yeovil and Cambridge United in the FA Cup this season. And if you're wondering how United can field Falcao in this competition, here's a bit of context for you: . Here's tonight's team sheet from Old Trafford, courtesy of Sportsmail's Mike Keegan. A couple of names that stand out compared to your regular Barclays Under 21 Premier League game, with Radamel Falcao, Victor Valdes and Rafael all starting alongside James Wilson and the other players under the age of 21. | Radamel Falcao started for Manchester United Under 21s at Old Trafford . First-team players Rafael, James Wilson and Victor Valdes all feature too . Falcao was an unused substitute in Monday's first-team defeat by Arsenal . Joe Rothwell's error set up Spurs' Kenny McEvoy for the opener . Rafael equalised with a brilliant chip following up on a keeping error . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Since dazzling Australia on the Miss Universe stage in 2010, Jesinta Campbell has proven she's more than just beauty - she's also got the brains. Appearing on Channel Nine's Today breakfast show on Thursday, the 23-year-old was asked about her views on the imminent executions of Bali Nine ringleaders, Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran. The pair have since been moved from Kerobokan Prison after 10 years on death row, to Nusakambangan, or 'Death Island', where they will be executed by firing squad. Scroll down for video . 'That's the law': Appearing on Channel Nine's Today breakfast show on Thursday, model Jesinta Campbell was asked about her views on the imminent executions of Bali Nine ringleaders, Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran . They were convicted for smuggling heroin into Indonesia from Australia in 2005. 'It's so sad. I mean, watching all the footage play out on the news... it breaks your heart because you can't help but feel for their families and they are two humans at the end of the day,' Jesinta said of the polarising situation. She did however stress that despite being strongly against the death penalty herself, the laws in Indonesia regarding drugs are widely known. 'But, like a lot of Australians believe, at the end of the day unfortunately, Indonesia has these rules and if you break them these are the consequences. 'It's so sad, I do not agree with the death penalty, but that's their law.' Sharing her thoughts: 'It's so sad. I mean, watching all the footage play out on the news... it breaks your heart because you can't help but feel for their families and they are two humans at the end of the day,' Jesinta said of the polarising situation . Jesinta is a regular on Today, offering her intelligent opinions on everything from serious current affairs to light-hearted topics. The likely area on Death Island where Chan and Sukumaran will take their final breaths is called, Nirbaya. Found in the island's remote centre, Nirbaya was also the place where the Bali bombers, Amrozi, Ali Gufron and Imam Samudra were executed in 2008, six years after they carried out the nightclub bombings which killed 202 people, including 88 Australians, 38 Indonesians and 27 Britons. On Wednesday, Black Sabbath rocker, Tony Iommi, wrote a letter to Indonesia's President, Joko Widodo to ask for clemency for the Australian pair. The lead guitarist wrote a letter to President Joko Widodo to ask for clemency for the Australian pair. 'I appeal to you, as a forgiving man, to take note of their transformation,' Tony Iommi wrote in a letter to President Joko Widodo about the two Australian drug smugglers on death row. 'They are now reformed men who are making a positive difference to the lives of their fellow prisoners. 'For this reason, I would ask that you stop the execution of Andrew and Myuran. 'Please allow them to serve out life sentences where they contribute to the well-being of Indonesia and make good for the error of their previous ways.' Controversial topic: Chan and Sukumaran have since been moved from Kerobokan Prison after 10 years on death row, to Nusakambangan, or 'Death Island', where they will be executed by firing squad . Making the journey: The likely area on Death Island where Chan and Sukumaran will take their final breaths is called, Nirbaya . This comes as Foreign Minister Julie Bishop used parliament to directly plead with the Indonesian president. Ms Bishop told parliament on Wednesday that Indonesian authorities were preparing for the execution of Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran. 'On behalf of the parliament, I respectfully ask of the Indonesian president that he spare the lives of these two Australian citizens,' Ms Bishop said. She said she had spoken with the two families on Wednesday morning. 'As you can imagine they are devastated but they are just living day by day,' she said. A plea for clemency was rejected in January but since then the government has been seeking a permanent stay of execution. Ms Bishop said there were grounds for clemency and the government believed there were still legal avenues open to the pair. 'The grounds are that both men have shown immense remorse for their grave crimes and... have undergone an extraordinary rehabilitation'. Social justice: On Wednesday, Black Sabbath rocker, Tony Iommi, wrote a letter to Indonesia's President, Joko Widodo to ask for clemency for the Australian pair . In the Senate, Attorney-General George Brandis said the government had made at least 22 representations to Indonesian officials since January in a bid to save the two men. That included letters and phone calls from Prime Minister Tony Abbott, Ms Bishop and the Australian Federal Police. ASIO chief Duncan Lewis and Attorney-General Department secretary Chris Moraitis had also been sent to Indonesia to plead for the pair. However the Indonesian ambassador has defended his government in a letter responding to a Senate attempt to save the Bali Nine duo. Nadjib Riphat Kesoema said the decision not to pardon the pair was very difficult for President Joko Widodo on both a personal and humanitarian level. However, the drug problem had 'blossomed into a national emergency' and required strong law enforcement. 'Most tragically, drugs and their traffickers and producers have denied too many people including children of their right to life,' he wrote. Mr Kesoema said both cases had been granted due process of law and all legal avenues had been pursued. He defended the court's decision to impose the death penalty and said separation of powers meant the government could not meddle in judicial processes. The upper house had argued the sentences should be commuted to a prison term due to the pair's genuine remorse and rehabilitation. Chan and Sukumaran were transferred to Nusakambangan island on Wednesday to await their execution. | Jesinta Campbell spoke about the imminent executions of Bali Nine duo . She appeared on Channel Nine's Today breakfast show on Thursday . The 23-year-old said she was sad for the families of Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran . 'I do not agree with the death penalty, but that's their law,' she said . Chan and Sukumaran were transferred to Nusakambangan island on Wednesday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Andy Murray will concentrate solely on the singles for Great Britain during this weekend's Davis Cup tie against the USA, after it was confirmed that he will not feature in the doubles. The Lawn Tennis Association have revealed that the British No 1's brother Jamie and Dom Inglot would represent Britain on Saturday afternoon against the Bryan twins. Murray had earlier revealed he was unlikely to feature on the middle day in order to conserve energy for his clash with John Isner on Sunday. Andy Murray will not play in Great Britain's Davis Cup doubles tie against USA on Saturday afternoon . Murray's brother Jamie (right) will play in the doubles with Dominic Inglot against the Bryan twins . Great Britain could wrap up their Davis Cup first round tie with victory in the doubles on Saturday. If Jamie Murray and Inglot can beat Bob and Mike Bryan then Leon Smith's side will have an unassailable 3-0 lead. This feat could be achieved following a fantastic set of results on Friday, where both Andy Murray and James Ward secured successes over Donald Young and Isner in their singles ties. James Ward secured a thriller five-set win over John Isner to give Great Britain a 2-0 lead in the tie overall . | Great Britain face USA in the doubles on Saturday afternoon . Andy Murray beat Donald Young in four sets on Friday to give GB 1-0 lead . James Ward defeated John Inser in a five-set thriller afterwards . |
Subsets and Splits