instruction
stringlengths 11
3.5k
| context
stringlengths 15
23.5k
| response
stringlengths 2
26k
|
|---|---|---|
What is Lady Gaga's real name? | Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (/ˈstɛfəni ˌdʒɜːrməˈnɒtə/ (listen) STEF-ən-ee JUR-mə-NOT-ə; born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She is known for her image reinventions and musical versatility. Gaga began performing as a teenager, singing at open mic nights and acting in school plays. She studied at Collaborative Arts Project 21, through the New York University Tisch School of the Arts, before dropping out to pursue a career in music. After Def Jam Recordings canceled her contract, she worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing, where she signed a joint deal with Interscope Records and KonLive Distribution, in 2007. Gaga had her breakthrough the following year with her debut studio album, The Fame, and its chart-topping singles "Just Dance" and "Poker Face". The album was later reissued to include the extended play The Fame Monster (2009), which yielded the successful singles "Bad Romance", "Telephone", and "Alejandro". | Lady Gaga is the professional name for Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta. |
Who is the company Sonova | Sonova Holding AG (Phonak Holding AG before 1 August 2007) is an internationally active Swiss group of companies headquartered in Stäfa that specializes in hearing care (hearing instruments, cochlear implants, wireless communication). The Sonova group operates through its core business brands Phonak, Unitron, Hansaton, Advanced Bionics, AudioNova and Sennheiser. It is one of the largest providers in the sector worldwide. The group and its brands hold 24% of the global hearing aid market in sales. As of 11 September 2022, Sonova is a component of the Swiss Market Index. | Sonova Holding AG (Phonak Holding AG before 1 August 2007) is an internationally active Swiss group of companies headquartered in Staefa that specializes in hearing care (hearing instruments, cochlear implants, wireless communication).
The Sonova group operates through its core business brands Phonak, Unitron, Hansaton, Advanced Bionics, AudioNova and Sennheiser. It is one of the largest providers in the sector worldwide. The group and its brands hold 24% of the global hearing aid market in sales. As of 11 September 2022, Sonova is a component of the Swiss Market Index. |
What do you do as a player playing RollerCoaster Tycoon 2? | In RollerCoaster Tycoon 2, players manage amusement parks and attempt to meet various goals to complete assigned scenarios. The game retains the isometric perspective of its predecessor, allowing for high compatibility with amusement parks made in the previous game. Various attractions, including transport rides, gentle rides, thrill rides, roller coasters, water rides, and shops or stalls, can be added to the parks as well as landscaping and decorations. The player satisfies park visitors' needs by building facilities and services such as food stalls, bathrooms, souvenir shops, ATMs, and information kiosks, as well as by hiring staff. The player must simultaneously balance the park's expenses and income. | The player satisfies park visitors' needs by building facilities and services such as food stalls, bathrooms, souvenir shops, ATMs, and information kiosks, as well as by hiring staff. The player must simultaneously balance the park's expenses and income. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Holders India will confirm top spot in Group B if they can beat surprise packages Ireland. Follow the score as MS Dhoni's side look to maintain their 100 per cent record in Hamilton. William Porterfield's men need to win one from their final two pool games to progress out of their group for the second time in three World Cups. Already they have beaten two full-member nations, West Indies and Zimbabwe, but a third scalp is likely still required with Pakistan also still to play next Sunday. India have already qualified for the last-eight and could opt to rest some of their key players at Seddon Park, but Porterfield is not banking on the prospect. 'No, I don't think their guard will ever be down,' he said. 'Whatever they decide to do is out of our control. Whoever they decide to play, it doesn't really bother me. 'We've just got to keep all the momentum going and keep on improving at the little things we want to and keep taking things forward.' Ireland's status as a genuine threat to the established nations in world cricket has again been confirmed at this tournament, although it would arguably be their greatest giant-killing should they beat an India side unbeaten at this tournament. | Holders India will confirm top spot in Group B if they win . Follow Sportsmail's coverage of the clash against Ireland . MS Dhoni's side will start their fifth game of the tournament at 1am GMT . |
Given this paragraph about computers, what is the first RISC system? | Michael J. Flynn views the first RISC system as the IBM 801 design, begun in 1975 by John Cocke and completed in 1980. The 801 developed out of an effort to build a 24-bit high-speed processor to use as the basis for a digital telephone switch. To reach their goal of switching 1 million calls per hour (300 per second) they calculated that the CPU required performance on the order of 12 million instructions per second (MIPS), compared to their fastest mainframe machine of the time, the 370/168, which performed at 3.5 MIPS. | The first RISC system was the IBM 801, started in 1975 and completed in 1980. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | When the Republic of Ireland team sheet for Martin O’Neill’s first competitive game against Georgia was released an hour or so before kick-off, one name stood out: Stephen Quinn. This was last September and the beginning of the Euro 2016 qualifying campaign. It was the start of a new, bright, vibrant era under the inspirational Derry man. Hull City’s midfield dynamo felt like a peculiar addition. He had been around the block since his debut against the same opponents in 2013 but never started a match with points at stake. Midfielder Stephen Quinn is in the reckoning to line up against Poland on Sunday . This was O’Neill making his point and giving a player previously overlooked a chance to make his own point, too. Quinn provided energy and forward thinking alongside Glenn Whelan and James McCarthy in a three-man midfield. Being left-footed, he also brought balance to the centre of the park. He was given the ultimate compliment by the manager when he was rested for the 7-0 stroll at home to Gibraltar in October so he would be ready to help stifle Germany a few days later. When he failed to start any of the four Hull games between the 1-1 draw in Gelsenkirchen and the November date with Scotland, it was no surprise Quinn was left on the bench at Celtic Park before being introduced in the second half. And while his last start in the Premier League came on January 18, circumstances may dictate that he is in the reckoning to line out against Poland on Sunday. Jeff Hendrick has been unable to join up with the squad at all through injury while Darron Gibson returned to Everton on Wednesday because of his groin complaint. Quinn, though, isn’t feeling as if he’s a shoo-in to step back into the starting XI. ‘I don’t think you can ever [think like that], there are lads who have been here a long time and you can never rest on your laurels. You have to come back and show the manager you’re willing and able, and are still working hard for a place,’ he insisted. Quinn made his last start in the Premier League on January 18 . ‘No one is guaranteed a starting spot, the squad is stronger than ever with some great additions and the manager will have some headaches.’ Poland may be the group leaders having set the cat amongst the pigeons by beating Germany, but the Dubliner maintains Ireland must be the ones to set the tempo and impose themselves on the visitors. ‘Every game is a must-win game, you want to win all these games and try to get as good a lead as possible. But it doesn’t work like that with such a tough and strong group,’ said Quinn. ‘It is a big game, we know how big it is, there’s no point in beating around the bush. But we’ll go out and do our best. ‘We’ll leave no stone unturned and do all our tactics, and then we’ll go out and do our job. There’s no point in just talking about it and looking at the videos, we’ve got to get on the ball and bring the game to them,’ the 28-year-old continued. ‘I think everyone is a little bit surprised with Germany, they’ve had a sluggish start and it’s a bit of a hangover from last summer. In European football at the minute, any team can beat anyone but you’ve just got to be the best team on the day and hopefully that will come good for us on Sunday.’ Scotland and Germany are both highly likely to win this weekend against Gibraltar and Georgia respectively, so there is little room for error with Ireland level on seven points with them both. ‘I think we can see that, it doesn’t take a scientist to work that out,’ Quinn added. ‘But maybe it’s the team that just limits the mistakes and capitalise on their home form that will progress.’ | Republic of Ireland midfielder Stephen Quinn set to line up against Poland . Jeff Hendrick and Darron Gibson have been ruled out of tie by injury . Ireland level on seven points with Scotland and Germany in Group D . |
Based on the reference text, provide a bulleted list of the benefits workers receive from Proposition 22 | 2020 California Proposition 22
Proposition 22 was a ballot initiative in California that became law after the November 2020 state election, passing with 59% of the vote and granting app-based transportation and delivery companies an exception to Assembly Bill 5 by classifying their drivers as "independent contractors", rather than "employees". The law exempts employers from providing the full suite of mandated employee benefits (which include time-and-a-half for overtime, paid sick time, employer-provided health care, bargaining rights, and unemployment insurance) while instead giving drivers new protections:
120 percent of the local minimum wage for each hour a driver spends driving (with passenger or en route), but not for time spent waiting
$0.30/mile for expenses for each mile driven with passenger or en route
health insurance stipend for drivers who average more than 15 hours per week driving
requiring the companies to pay medical costs and some lost income for drivers hurt while driving or waiting
prohibiting workplace discrimination and requiring that companies develop sexual harassment policies, conduct criminal background checks, and mandate safety training for drivers.
The initiative became state law after passage in November 2020, was challenged in California state courts in 2021, and was upheld on appeal in 2023. | Under Proposition 22, workers receive the following benefits:
- 120% of the local minimum wage
- $0.30 per mile driven
- Health insurance stipend
- Covered medical costs and some lost income for injuries on the job
- Workplace discrimination protections |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Radamel Falcao left Manchester United's Carrington training base on Thursday, well aware that his chances to impress at his loan club have run out. The Colombian striker suffered an embarrassing demotion to United's Under 21 side this week and sources close to Falcao say he recognises that he made the wrong move when picking Old Trafford in the summer. Despite his chances of starting against Tottenham Hotspur in the Barclays Premier League on Sunday seeming to be close to nil, Falcao smiled as he left the Aon Training Complex in his United-red Range Rover Sport. Radamel Falcao smiles from the window of his Range Rover Sport as he arrives at training on Thursday . Falcao toiled upfront against Tottenham Hotspur for Manchester United's Under 21s on Tuesday night . The failing loan signing is aware he has no long-term future at Old Trafford and will be sent back to Monaco . It was a stark contrast to his expressions on Tuesday night against Tottenham's Under 21 side, where Falcao looked surprised and upset to be pulled off after 71 minutes on his latest poor performance. And with Louis van Gaal appearing to show little belief in his deadline day signing, something else that sources close to Falcao have revealed the striker believes, he must have little hope of playing against the same club on Sunday. With wages of £300,000-a-week and an expected fee of close to his £40million release clause, United will not take up the option to sign Falcao and he will return to Monaco - although there are expected to be other suitors despite a dismal season in England. Come the end of May, he looks to be leaving Carrington - and Old Trafford - for good. Argentine defender Marcos Rojo was also at training on Thursday, and was driving a Bentley Continental . Chris Smalling was another Bentley driver around Carrington, leaving the preparations for Sunday's game . Marcos Rojo, Chris Smalling, Luke Shaw and Victor Valdes were among the other players pictured leaving Carrington on Thursday, while Adnan Januzaj may have been staying late to put in some time in the gym. The lightweight United playmaker told the Manchester Evening News: 'I do a lot of work in the gym. 'I am trying to be faster and stronger so I can be tougher when I go out on the pitch. 'I am doing a lot of short, sharp stuff so, when I turn a defender or go past a player, I can just get a few metres away from them with my acceleration.' Luke Shaw (right) was not at the wheel of his Chevrolet, the cars provided by United's shirt sponsors . Victor Valdes played alongside Falcao in Tuesday night's Under 21 game against Tottenham at Old Trafford . | Manchester United striker Radamel Falcao left training in a Range Rover . On-loan Colombian forward has recognised he has no future at the club . He was demoted to United's Under 21s against Tottenham on Tuesday . Marcos Rojo, Chris Smalling and Victor Valdes were also pictured leaving . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Relentless Robbie Neilson celebrated Hearts clinching the Championship title in March — then ordered his team to smash Hibs’ second-tier record points total. An unexpected 2-0 win for Rangers at Easter Road yesterday left the Tynecastle side — who had beaten Falkirk 3-0 at Westfield 24 hours earlier — an unassailable 23 points clear of Hibs with 21 points left on the board. Neilson learned his team had secured a return to the Premiership without kicking a ball while he was studying for his pro licence at Stirling University yesterday afternoon. Robbie Neilson wants his Hearts team to surpass Hibernian's second-tier points total . Hearts ended up securing their title a day after a 3-0 win against Falkirk . Rangers beat Hibernian to give Hearts an unassailable advantage at the top of the league . But, despite the league being finally in the bag, the 34-year-old vowed there will be no let-up as Hearts hope to usurp Hibs’ record tally of 89 points, set under Alex McLeish in 1999. Should his team rise to his challenge of winning their remaining seven matches, the rampant Gorgie outfit would end the season with a remarkable 99 points. ‘It’s a fantastic achievement to win the league. It’s a great day for the club,’ said Neilson. ‘The objective for the season was to get promoted. We’ve done that and that will give us a head start in planning for next season — but we need to keep winning games. ‘We’ve got seven games left and we want maximum points. We won’t be losing focus. If we could set a new record for points for the division, then that would be fantastic. ‘When you play for a club with the stature of Hearts, you have to keep winning games — and that’s what we need to do. ‘I will rotate the squad and some guys will get game time but you have to win games. We can’t be turning up at venues and losing games. We want to win, starting with three more points against Queen of the South at Tynecastle next weekend.’ Neilson believes his side’s 2-1 stoppage-time win at Ibrox against Rangers on the opening day of the season set the tone for a fine campaign. But it wasn’t until a battling 2-1 victory at Queen of the South on February 21 that he truly believed his side was destined to win the league and return to the top flight after one season away. ‘I don’t think you ever take things for granted until you are over the line,’ he said. ‘But I think that Queen of the South game was a big one for us away from home. We went a goal behind and we had to fight back to get all three points. We eventually got there and, from then on, I thought we had a real chance of taking the league. ‘But that win against Rangers on the opening day was a huge one for us in terms of morale and also for our fans. A lot of times you can go to Ibrox, go ahead and then Rangers draw level and you’re then hoping to hang on for a draw. Hearts' Genero Zeefuik celebrates after giving his side two-goal lead against Falkirk . The Hearts players celebrate as they beat Falkirk and edged closer to an impressive title win . ‘But we went straight up the park and scored again to get all three points and that set the tone for the whole season. It gave us a real belief we could go on to win the trophy and now we’ve done it. ‘To finally get over the line is magnificent. The players have worked so hard and I couldn’t have asked for more. ‘We can now speak to players we want to get from outside the club and speak to players at the club and try to renegotiate. We’ve got guys who have been fantastic for us and we want to keep hold of them. ‘It’s just a great day and it’s testament to the support we’ve had all season from the fans, the hard work of (owner) Ann Budge and (director of football) Craig Levein and all the players. ‘The fans in particular have been magnificent and they deserve to have a great night and a great few weeks.’ Meanwhile, Hearts captain Danny Wilson admitted it was a relief to finally get over the line after months of being billed as champions-in-waiting. Hearts captain Danny Wilson revealed his joy after his side became Scottish Championship winners . ‘It has been difficult, you know,’ he said. ‘Since maybe late December and early January people have had us installed as champions. So it’s been tough, not so much to keep your standards up but to put all that talk to one side. But we’ve done that. ‘The way the season has panned out, we’ve been going about our business in the right fashion. But if you had asked me at the start of the season whether I thought the gap would have been this big, I probably wouldn’t have believed you.’ | Hearts won the Scottish Championship after Rangers beat Hibernian . Hearts are now targeting beating Hibernian's 1999 total of 89 points . Robbie Neilson's side have 78 with 21 points left to play for . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)After months racing not only to treat Ebola but to find ways to prevent it, health authorities will launch a vaccination campaign Saturday in one of the areas that has been most devastated by the disease. The trial, using vaccines developed by the Public Health Agency of Canada, will be administered in Basse Guinee, a region that has had the highest number of Ebola cases in Guinea. Another vaccine will be tested in a subsequent study, according to a press release from the World Health Organization, Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders), and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. "We have worked hard to reach this point," WHO Director-General Dr. Margaret Chan said. "... If a vaccine is found effective, it will be the first preventive tool against Ebola in history." Patient Zero -- i.e. the first case in the current Ebola outbreak -- is thought to be a 2-year-old Guinean boy who contracted the virus in December 2013 and died a few days later. Since then, the vast majority of the more than 23,900 cases and more than 9,800 deaths reported by WHO have come in Guinea and neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone. There are new Ebola cases every day, including 132 in the last week of February (which is up from 99 reported the previous week). While Liberia didn't have any of these new incidences, Guinea did -- especially in Forecariah and Conakry. Still, authorities in Africa and their partners around the world have had significant successes generally in combating the deadly disease. The progress -- as measured in the rate of new cases, with January's incidences being the lowest in seven months -- has been so significant that health authorities' focus has shifted from slowing the spread to ending the epidemic. This positive movement has come as a result of steps like better disease control, public awareness campaigns and attention to burial practices. But the tool that has been used to eradicate many other contagious diseases -- vaccines -- has been elusive. That's why, over the past six months, WHO has been working with scientists, ethicists and policymakers to try to create both better treatment therapies and a vaccine that will stop people for getting Ebola in the first place. Health workers in the Guinea trial will start with a new Ebola case and then trace all of that patient's contacts, giving each of them the option of getting vaccinated. John-Arne Rottingen, from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, said this program is happening at the request of Guinean authorities and called the participation of residents there "vital" to its success. "The Ebola epidemic shows signs of receding but we cannot let our guard down until we reach zero cases," WHO official Marie-Paule Kieny said. "An effective vaccine to control current flare-ups could be the game-changer to finally end this epidemic and an insurance policy for any future ones." | WHO leader: This vaccine could be "the first preventive tool against Ebola in history" This trial campaign will be conducted in a hard-hit region of the West African nation of Guinea . Authorities have had success in curbing Ebola, but dozens of new cases still arise each week . |
What is TSA? | The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that has authority over the security of transportation systems within, and connecting to the United States. It was created as a response to the September 11 attacks to improve airport security procedures and consolidate air travel security under a dedicated federal administrative law enforcement agency. | TSA stands for Transportation Security Administration in the United States. It is the agency that is responsible for the security of transportation systems within United States. They are mainly responsible for airport security. |
Who is Jeffrey Archer? | Jeffrey Howard Archer, Baron Archer of Weston-super-Mare (born 15 April 1940) is an English novelist, life peer and former politician. Before becoming an author, Archer was a Member of Parliament (1969–1974), but did not seek re-election after a financial scandal that left him almost bankrupt.
Archer revived his fortunes as a novelist. His 1979 novel Kane and Abel remains one of the best-selling books in the world, with an estimated 34 million copies sold worldwide. Overall his books have sold more than 320 million copies worldwide.
Archer became deputy chairman of the Conservative Party (1985–86), before resigning after a newspaper accused him of paying money to a prostitute. In 1987, he won a court case and was awarded large damages because of this claim. He was made a life peer in 1992 and subsequently became Conservative candidate to be the first elected Mayor of London. He resigned his candidacy in 1999 after it emerged that he had lied in his 1987 libel case. He was imprisoned (2001–2003) for perjury and perverting the course of justice, ending his active political career. | Jeffrey Archer is British Author and was also British Parliament member.One of his most famous books include Kane & Abel. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester United sent scouts to watch Brazilian attacking midfielder Roberto Firmino at Hoffenheim this weekend. The 23-year-old, who has been in fine form in the Bundesliga, is in high demand, with United the latest in a string of Premier League clubs to show an interest. Everton, Liverpool and Arsenal have all considered bids for the 23-year-old Brazilian who has a release clause reputedly set at £14.5million. Sportsmail tells you everything you need to know about the Hoffenheim forward. Roberto Firmino celebrates scoring a late winner for his Hoffenheim side against Eintracht Frankfurt . Firmino scored the winning goal for Brazil in just his second international game against Austria last year . A skillful dribbler - in the past two seasons only Lionel Messi and Eden Hazard have embarked on more succesful dribbles in Europe's top leagues - and with all the tricks and flicks you might expect from a Brazilian international forward, Firmino is an attacking midfielder with an eye for goal. He is not an out and out goalscorer, as his record of 6 goals in 25 Bundesliga games this season shows, but Firmino is a capable finisher when the chance arises. Last season's tally of 16 goals for Hoffenheim earned him his first Brazil call-up early this term, and he announced himself in the international stage with a stunning 25 yard strike into the top corner to earn the selecao a win against Austria in just his second game. The Brazilian's shot from 25 yards flew into the top corner to earn him a first international goal . The Brazilian shows off his excellent first touch as he keeps the ball away from two Stuttgart defenders . However, it is not for his goalscoring exploits that Louis van Gaal will want the 23-year-old, but his playmaking. Firmino loves to pick a pass, sliding through balls into the strikers from his position in behind, and has racked up 18 league assists since the start of last season. To put that number in context, that's as many as Manchester United's entire midfield against Tottenham - Juan Mata, Ander Herrera, Marouane Fellaini, Daley Blind and Michael Carrick - have managed in the Premier League over the past two seasons. The Brazilian is usually deployed behind the central striker, but can operate out wide on the left, where his pace and quick feet allow him to beat a man before picking out team-mates. With Neymar, Coutinho, Oscar and Willian in his position, Firmino has done well to earn a Brazil call-up . The playmaker holds off a tackle as he embarks on one of his trademark runs in a recent game . As well as running past defenders with the ball he has a knack for making attacking runs from deep without it, posing a threat in behind whether coming from central areas on the wing. And, when stationed wide on the left, Firmino has the ability to cut inside and unleash a strike at goal with his favoured right foot, or trouble the full back down the outside with his trickery, causing defenders plenty of problems. It remains to be seen if he is quick enough to be a dynamic No 10 in the Premier League, but the performances in Germany have earned praise from the likes of Bayern Munich sporting director Mathias Sammer. Firmino's dribbling, goals and assists have made him one of the hottest properties in the Bundesliga . 'Firmino is a great player,' said Sammer this week, although he ruled out the player moving to Bayern. But the player, his agent, and Hoffenheim have all admitted he could well leave this season, alerting Premier League clubs to the possibility of nabbing a star who is undoubtedly one of the Bundesliga's hottest prospects. | Roberto Firmino has been at Hoffenheim for four years . This season the 23-year-old won his first Brazil caps . Quick feet, an eye for goal and plenty of assists have caught the eye . Firmino is only behind Lionel Messi and Eden Hazard in most dribbles . READ: Manchester United run rule over Firmino . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | With just 40 days until Floyd Mayweather finally comes face-to-face with Manny Pacquiao inside a ring, the official poster for their mega-fight has been released. The two boxers - Mayweather on the left and Pacquiao on the right - are both drenched in sweat as they pose in their fight trunks, staring menacingly down the camera with their hands wrapped. Their names are displayed in striking orange font, as is the date of the fight (May 2) and the start times of the Las Vegas show. Floyd Mayweather (left) and Manny Pacquiao look ready for action in the official poster for their fight . Mayweather, who is undefeated during his professional career, will meet Pacquiao in Las Vegas on May 2 . NFL star Tim Tebow poses with Pacquiao at the Wild Card gym in Los Angeles on Saturday . Also included are logos for the fight's venue, the MGM Grand, and Showtime and HBO - the US broadcasters which will jointly broadcast the show live on pay-per-view. Sky Sports are expected to show Mayweather's long-awaited clash with Pacquiao in the UK, although it could cost viewers over £20 to see it. The poster was released as Pacquiao's promoter Bob Arums said the revenue from ticket sales could hit $74m, almost four times the current record. Briefs were initially expected to cost between $1,000 and $5,000 but that upper limit has been raised to $10,000. A small number are set to go on sale to the public shortly. 'It's crazy, but it is what it is,' Arum told ESPN. 'It's amazing.' 'We'll probably have a handful of tickets that will go on sale to the public next week. It's mania.' There was also a fierce bidding war between two beer companies, Tecate and Corona to be one of the main sponsors. Tecate won with a bid of $5.6m compared to $5.2m from its rival. Meanwhile one of Mayweather's former opponents, Saul Alvarez, believes the American will dictate whether the fight is an exciting one for those watching around the world. He told Fox Deportes: 'Floyd is very smart. He can makes things frustrating or he can make a spectacular fight. He does not expose anything. 'In the past, he's thrown very few shots and makes things difficult. If he exposes himself just a little bit more, we can get an enjoyable fight. 'Pacquiao comes forward and he's always throwing a lot of punches, and he's fast. He can complicate things with his movement as he did with (Timothy) Bradley and (Juan Manuel) Marquez. Hopefully the fight is attractive.' Mayweather goes on a run as he prepares to face Pacquiao at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas . Saul Alvarez (left), pictured in action against Mayweather in 2013, believes the American will dictate the fight . Mayweather and Pacquiao pose together at their only pre-fight press conference in Los Angeles . | Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao meet in Las Vegas on May 2 . HBO and Showtime will show the fight on pay-per-view in the US . Sky Sports expected to broadcast Mayweather vs Pacquiao in the UK . Ticket sale is expected to raise $74, almost four times the record . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Everyone's favorite male models made a surprise appearance at Tuesday's Valentino show at Paris Fashion Week. And, no surprise, they were really, really ridiculously good-looking. Ben Stiller and Owen Wilson reprised their roles as the vacuous models from the popular 2001 film "Zoolander" at Tuesday's women's couture show. There was no mistaking Stiller for anyone other than the fierce Zoolander as he sashayed down the runway in a Valentino trench, casting Blue Steel in every direction. He was followed by nemesis Hansel McDonald, played by Wilson, showing off another Valentino coat over a pair of "lovely" pajamas, Wall Street Journalist fashion columnist Christina Binkley said. The duo is gearing up for "Zoolander 2," which is slated for release in February 2016. "Apparently Derek and Hansel have come to terms on #Zoolander2," Ben Stiller joked in a selfie posted on his Instagram account. Publicity stunt, perhaps, but we're not complaining about an opportunity to bring back the phrase, "he's so hot right now." | Ben Stiller and Owen Wilson reprised their roles as male models at Paris Fashion Week . They walked in the Valentino show as Derek Zoolander and Hansel McDonald . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Michael van Gerwen went top of the Betway Premier League table following a 7-3 victory over Phil Taylor on Thursday night. World champion boxer Carl Froch was among a crowd of more than 6,000 at Nottingham's Capital FM Arena. Michael van Gerwen and world champion boxer Carl Froch at Nottingham's Capital FM Arena . Van Gerwen and Froch with two of the walk-on girls on Thursday night . They witnessed a nervous start between the top two in the world with the opening seven legs going against the darts. The Dutchman landed his first 180 of the match in the eighth leg on his way to his 10-darter and he also went close to a 170 finish in the following leg. 'I couldn't wish any better tonight,' Van Gerwen told Sky Sports. Van Gerwen went top of the Betway Premier League table following a 7-3 victory over Phil Taylor . World champion Gary Anderson thrashed Adrian Lewis 7-1 on Thursday night . 'We were both struggling in the beginning and we couldn't hold our own throw because we both wanted to win hard because the winner goes top of the table. 'I knew that and I just had to do the right thing at the right moments. I'm really glad I did in the end.' In the night's other action, James Wade defeated Raymond van Barneveld 7-3, Gary Anderson thrashed Adrian Lewis 7-1, and Peter Wright edged to a 7-5 victory over Kim Huybrechts. | Michael van Gerwen goes top of the Betway Premier League table . The Dutchman secured a 7-3 victory over Phil Taylor on Thursday night . Boxer Carl Froch was among a crowd of more than 6,000 in Nottingham . |
From the passage provided, extract the name of the 37th speaker of the House of Commons of Canada | The speaker of the House of Commons (French: président de la Chambre des communes) is the presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. A member of Parliament (MP), they are elected at the beginning of each new parliament by fellow MPs. The speaker's role in presiding over Canada's House of Commons is similar to that of speakers elsewhere in other countries that use the Westminster system.
The 37th and current speaker of the House of Commons is Anthony Rota, since December 5, 2019. The speaker with the longest tenure is Peter Milliken who was elected for four consecutive terms lasting 10 years, 124 days. | The 37th and current speaker of the House of Commons is Anthony Rota |
From the paragraph provided, extract the recurring characters from Final Fantasy. Separate them with a comma. | The series features a number of recurring character archetypes. Most famously, every game since Final Fantasy II, including subsequent remakes of the original Final Fantasy, features a character named Cid. Cid's appearance, personality, goals, and role in the game (non-playable ally, party member, villain) vary dramatically. However, two characteristics many versions of Cid have in common are being a scientist or engineer, and being tied in some way to an airship the party eventually acquires. Every Cid has at least one of these two traits.
Biggs and Wedge, inspired by two Star Wars characters of the same name, appear in numerous games as minor characters, sometimes as comic relief. The later games in the series feature several males with effeminate characteristics. Recurring creatures include Chocobos, Moogles, and Cactuars. Chocobos are large, often flightless birds that appear in several installments as a means of long-distance travel for characters. Moogles are white, stout creatures resembling teddy bears with wings and a single antenna. They serve different roles in games including mail delivery, weaponsmiths, party members, and saving the game. Cactuars are anthropomorphic cacti with haniwa-like faces presented in a running or dashing pose. They usually appear as recurring enemy units, and also as summoned allies or friendly non-player characters in certain titles. Chocobo and Moogle appearances are often accompanied by specific musical themes that have been arranged differently for separate games | Cid, Biggs, Wedge, Chocobos, Moogles, Cactuars |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Dame Jane Goodall has condemned politicians for pushing 'Frankenstein Food' Dame Jane Goodall, the renowned primate expert, has condemned ‘deluded’ politicians for pushing ‘Frankenstein Food’. The highly respected academic has endorsed a new book, which argues the companies responsible for developing genetically modified farming and food have twisted the evidence to minimise the dangers. Historically, critics of GM food have been lambasted by the GM companies, scientists who rely on their funding, and politicians, including the UK Government, as being ‘anti-science’. However, Dame Jane argues that the advocates of GM food have ignored evidence of harm with the result it is they who are guilty of being ‘anti-science’. The intervention is a powerful condemnation of the way biotech companies like Monsanto, Syngenta and Bayer, have forced GM crops and food on to dinner plates in the US without proper safety tests. And she is joining a growing campaign warning that Britain and Europe must not drop safeguards that have kept GM crops out. Dame Jane’s concerns have been raised in the foreword to a new book, ‘Altered Genes, Twisted Truth’, which is written by the American public interest lawyer, Steve Druker. Its publication comes as the US is seeing a growing backlash against GM. Just last week it emerged that the country’s favourite chocolate manufacturer, Hershey, is to drop GM from its products. Dame Jane said she has become appalled as what she calls a ‘shocking corruption of the life forms of the planet’. She said the GM process, which involves adding foreign genes to plants to create toxins to fend off insects or give them immunity to being sprayed with chemical pesticides has fundamentally changed them. However, she complains that supporters of the technology have committed a ‘fraud’ by trying to give the false impression that these new plants are essentially the same as those created by conventional plant breeding. She said: ‘This very real difference between GM plants and their conventional counterparts is one of the basic truths that biotech proponents have endeavoured to obscure. As part of the process, they portrayed the various concerns as merely the ignorant opinions of misinformed individuals – and derided them as not only unscientific, but anti-science. ‘They then set to work to convince the public and government officials, through the dissemination of false information, that there was an overwhelming expert consensus, based on solid evidence, that the new foods were safe. Yet this, as Druker points out, was clearly not true.’ Importantly, she claims, the companies have spread disinformation to try and win public support. ‘Druker describes how amazingly successful the biotech lobby has been – and the extent to which the general public and government decision makers have been hoodwinked by the clever and methodical twisting of the facts and the propagation of many myths. Moreover, it appears that a number of respected scientific institutions, as well as many eminent scientists, were complicit in this relentless spreading of disinformation.’ Dame Jane is considered to be the world’s foremost expert on chimpanzees. She is best known for her 55-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania. She was made a Dame in 2004 and holds many other awards for her environmental and humanitarian work, including the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Science, the French Legion of Honour, the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Science, Japan’ s Kyoto Prize and the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement. The British government has signalled that it plans to use a new GM crop approval process to push ahead with growing the crops in this country. Separately, a new trade agreement between the EU and the USA, which is called TTIP, could make it much easier for GM foods from North America to appear on shelves here. However, Dame Jane warns it would be an enormous risk to accept the technology and describes Mr Druker as a hero worthy of a Nobel prize for lifting the lid on the truth about GM. Dame Jane endorsed a new book, which argues the companies responsible for developing genetically modified farming and food have twisted the evidence to minimise the dangers (file picture) She describes his work as one of the most important books of the last 50 years, and adds: ‘It will go a long way toward dispelling the confusion and delusion that has been created regarding the genetic engineering process and the foods it creates. ‘Although this book tells a story that’s in many ways distressing, it’s important that it has finally been told because so much confusion has been spread and so many important decision-makers have apparently been deluded.’ Mr Druker, who gave a press conference in London yesterday(wed), has challenged Britain’s Royal Society to apologies for its pro-GM stance and its part in rubbishing scientists who have safety doubts over the crops and food. His work points to research which has found tumours, liver and kidney harm in animals given GM feed in trials. And he complains, that researchers who dare to raise these problems have been pilloried. He said: ‘Contrary to the assertions of its proponents, the massive enterprise to reconfigure the genetic core of the world’s food supply is not based on sound science but on the systematic subversion of science – and it would collapse if subjected to an open airing of the facts.’ Pat Thomas, director of the campaigning group Beyond GM, warned the TTIP trade talks mean Britain and Europe could see a flood of biotech crops and food arriving here. She said: ‘Steven Druker’s investigation into the history of fraud and deceit that ushered in the era of GM deserves serious consideration before we take actions that will irreversibly alter the European food supply’. Dr Julian Little a spokesman for Bayer CropScience was not aware of Drunker's book. He said: 'We are now up to the three trillion meals and counting, that is meals containing GM ingredients, without a single substantial health issue since the beginning of the technology. 'There has been much dirt thrown but none of it has stuck.' On its website Monsanto say they place the 'highest priority' on the safety of their products and conduct 'rigorous and comprehensive testing on each.' They state: 'In fact, seeds with GM traits have been tested more than any other crops in the history of agriculture – with no evidence of harm to humans or animals. 'In addition, governmental regulatory agencies, scientific organizations and leading health associations worldwide agree on the safety of GM crops.' A spokesman for the company added: 'The denial of the safety of GM seeds and food ingredients is as baseless as the denial of clearly documented climate change. 'Countless peer-reviewed scientific studies performed with biotech crops — including more than 100 feeding studies — have confirmed their safety, as reflected in the respective safety assessments by regulatory authorities around the world.' | Dr Jane Goodall argues supporters of GM food ignored evidence of harm . Endorsed US book which says GM producers have twisted evidence . Publication comes as backlash against GM food is growing in US . Primate expert warns Britain and Europe not to drop GM safeguards . Accuses supporters of 'fraud' and says they are 'anti science' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Another flight brings another complaint about an airline interfering with a passenger breastfeeding her baby. The mothers who complain about instances of airline employees interfering with their breastfeeding or pumping aren't covering up and going away; they are tweeting out their complaints in 140 characters or less, sometimes in multiple posts, other times taking pictures of longer reports. Kristen Hilderman is the latest mother to say she was hassled while breastfeeding. The Vancouver mother was returning to Canada from a vacation in Costa Rica with her family on Sunday night when, she says, there was a problem on the final leg of her trip. Hilderman was feeding her 5-month-old son on board United Airlines Flight 438 as the aircraft taxied along the runway before taking off from Houston to Vancouver. To describe what happened next, she took a picture of her typed recollections and posted it to Twitter. "A male flight attendant named Keith walked up to our row and said to my husband (loudly, so that everyone around could here ), 'Are you two together?'" Hilderman wrote. When her husband said yes, Hilderman said, the flight attendant "tossed a blanket at him ... and said tersely, 'Then HERE, help her out.' " When she twice asked what he was supposed to help her out with, she said, the flight attendant ignored her. Passengers on the plane were supportive, she said, and told her they hadn't known she was breastfeeding until the flight attendant singled her out. "I've been breastfeeding my son in myriad public places since he was born, and never has anyone made me feel so uncomfortable and ashamed for feeding my baby without putting a cover over his head," she wrote. United Airlines spokeswoman Jennifer Dohm said that the airline reached out to Hilderman on Monday night via Twitter and that airline officials "look forward to speaking more with her and to our crew member to understand what happened." "On our general approach to breast feeding, we welcome nursing mothers on board and we ask that crew members do their best to ensure their comfort and safety as they do with all customers," Dohm wrote in an email. "We also ask nursing mothers and passengers seated near them to be mindful of one another's space and comfort." Hilderman, who filed a complaint with the airline, said United had not contacted her beyond their tweeted reply but said she has found support from allies on social media. Why are we so squeamish about breastfeeding? Delta passenger Lauren Modeen, who needed her breast pump on a January flight but was forced to check it as luggage, started a Boobs on Board Facebook page that's gained over 1,100 followers in the past month. "Before social media, the majority of these harassment stories went unheard," Modeen wrote in an email. "As a result, airlines faced little pressure to improve and pave a better way for mothers and children." She wants her Facebook page encourage airlines "to publicly post their explicitly clear pro-breastfeeding/pumping policies inside every airplane so the rules are not left to interpretation by an airline employee, and in turn harass/shame/bully a mother." United, Delta and other major U.S. airlines say breastfeeding is allowed on their aircraft, although United doesn't post its policy on the airline website. American Airlines, Southwest Airlines and Delta Airlines do. Though you can't please everyone in the air, women are allowed to breastfeed in flight, says veteran flight attendant and author Heather Poole, who is also a mother. "Which means if breastfeeding bothers you, maybe try looking away, closing your eyes," said Poole, author of "Cruising Attitude: Tales of Crashpads, Crew Drama and Crazy Passengers at 35,000 Feet." And remember that baby could be crying instead, giving you another reason to complain. "Better a happy baby than a crying baby." | United says officials "look forward to speaking more with her and to our crew member" A woman says a United flight attendant wanted her to cover up while she was breastfeeding . All major U.S. airlines allow breastfeeding, but not all airlines post policies online . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Virgil van Dijk has hit back at Sean Dillon after the Dundee United skipper said he set out to injure him during the League Cup Final. Dillon required six minutes of treatment, and a number of stitches, after coming off second best in a 50-50 with the Dutchman. To compound his frustration, in his absence, Kris Commons scored the goal which put Ronny Deila’s side on their way to a 2-0 triumph. Dillon was later sent off for a lunge on Emilio Izaguirre but felt justice was not correctly served in his earlier confrontation with van Dijk. ‘I think he left his leg in, I didn’t like it,’ Dillon stated. ‘I get the ball, he gets my leg, and they get a throw-in. So that’s very frustrating. Sean Dillon claimed that Virgil van Dijk tried to injure him during the Scottish League Cup Final . ‘I’m not going to exaggerate it but it’s a big gash, about three inches long maybe, and I needed seven stitches in it.’ But van Dijk hit back at Dillon’s version of events by insisting there was nothing in the challenge. ‘No, never,’ van Dijk countered. ‘I know we are not going to have the same conversations as we had last week but I can honestly say I didn’t do anything wrong. ‘I didn’t leave my foot in, I would never do that on a fellow player.’ Van Dijk had been sent packing by Craig Thompson at Tannadice and only learned on Thursday that he was free to take his place at Hampden. He admitted the uncertainty surrounding the disciplinary case made the build-up to the game far from ideal. Van Dijk helped Celtic on their way to a 2-0 victory at Hampden Park . ‘It was a very good feeling to win the cup, especially after the tough week I had personally,’ said the Dutchman. ‘I was worried after the game last week. I was very stressed and really down. ‘I couldn’t believe I was sent off. I was disappointed with the red card and knew it was going to be a long week even though we said we were going to appeal straight away. ‘You want to know as soon as possible. ‘It was a strange week so I was just happy to be able to play. It would have been very hard to watch it from the stands. ‘This was my first final ever and it was special. We are on our way for the Treble and we want to make history. I wanted to play in the final very badly.’ ‘It gives the manager a boost - but it gives everyone at Celtic a boost. We knew if we were up for it we had a chance to win it. Hopefully we can go on and win the league and Scottish Cup. That’s what we aim to do. Dundee United skipper Dillon saw red later in the game for a foul on Emilio Izaguirre . ‘We know if we are at 100 per cent we can beat everyone in the country. I am very confident we will get the job done.’ Nir Bitton meantime spent the past week nursing fears over the prospect of personal League Cup Final heartbreak. After limping off during the stormy 1-1 Scottish Cup quarter final draw with Dundee United the previous Sunday, the Israeli admits he was slowly coming to terms with the fact he was going to miss the biggest game of his life. That would have been a cruel blow for Bitton, who admits to becoming hooked on Hampden during the 2-0 semi final win over Rangers last month. In the end, however, the prospect of a first cup win of his fledgling career proved the perfect pain relief for his aching ankle. ‘I’ll be honest with you, at the beginning of last week, I didn’t expect to be fit for the Final,’ Bitton said. ‘I trained for the first time on Saturday morning and I was a little bit afraid going into the game. If it was a league game, I may have given the injury a little bit more time to heal. ‘But I pushed it simply because it was a cup final. Nobody wants to miss a cup final in their life, especially after the atmosphere that I felt at Hampden in the semi final win over Rangers. ‘I’m just happy that I managed to get back and we managed to win. When it comes to a Cup Final, you know everything is about winning and you think of nothing else when you win. So I’m happy to have won and I’m happy to have the trophy.’ | Sean Dillon claimed that Virgil van Dijk had set out to injure him . Celtic's Dutch defender Van Dijk denies Dundee United captain's claim . |
When was Lure of the Swamp released? | Lure of the Swamp is a 1957 American drama film directed by Hubert Cornfield and written by William George, based on the 1953 novel of the same name by Gil Brewer. The film stars Marshall Thompson, Willard Parker, Joan Vohs, Jack Elam, Leo Gordon and Joan Lora. The film was released in May 1957 by 20th Century-Fox. | Lure of the Swamp was released by 20th Century-Fox in May 1957 and is an American drama film directed by Hubert Cornfield and written by William George. Lure of the Swamp is based on the 1953 novel of the same name by Gil Brewer. |
How many people in total were killed or injured in this text? | During the Pacific War, the Japanese invasion of Malaya culminated in the Battle of Singapore. When the British force of 60,000 troops surrendered on 15 February 1942, British prime minister Winston Churchill called the defeat "the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history". British and Empire losses during the fighting for Singapore were heavy, with a total of nearly 85,000 personnel captured. About 5,000 were killed or wounded, of which Australians made up the majority. Japanese casualties during the fighting in Singapore amounted to 1,714 killed and 3,378 wounded. The occupation was to become a major turning point in the histories of several nations, including those of Japan, Britain, and Singapore. Japanese newspapers triumphantly declared the victory as deciding the general situation of the war. Between 5,000 and 25,000 ethnic Chinese people were killed in the subsequent Sook Ching massacre. British forces had planned to liberate Singapore in 1945; however, the war ended before these operations could be carried out. | 15092 to 35092 people were killed or injured in total.
The count is 5000 of the British Army, 1714 Japanese Army killed, 3378 Japanese Army wounded and 5000 to 25000 ethnic Chinese killed. |
From the passage provided, extract the shape of Milky way Galaxy | The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy with a D25 isophotal diameter estimated at 26.8 ± 1.1 kiloparsecs (87,400 ± 3,590 light-years), but only about 1,000 light years thick at the spiral arms (more at the bulge). Recent simulations suggest that a dark matter area, also containing some visible stars, may extend up to a diameter of almost 2 million light-years (613 kpc). The Milky Way has several satellite galaxies and is part of the Local Group of galaxies, which form part of the Virgo Supercluster, which is itself a component of the Laniakea Supercluster. | The shape of Milky way galaxy is barred spiral. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | West Ham United striker Enner Valencia is clearly enjoying his last few days in Dubai. The Ecuadorian international, who signed from Mexican outfit Pachucha shortly after the World Cup, posted a picture of himself to Instagram standing by the Burj Khalifa. Valencia and his teammates are currently making the most of their FA Cup exit to West Brom by enjoying a mini training break in the sun. Enner Valencia enjoys a trip up the Burj Khalifa as West Ham United goalkeeper Adrian watches on . West Ham United's Ecuadorian striker Enner Valencia celebrates scoring at Upton Park . Goalkeeper Adrian is also visible in the picture as the two players wear massive smiles on their faces ahead of their return. Sam Allardyce’s side are set to arrive back in England on Tuesday as they prepare to face London rivals Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium on Saturday. The east London club are currently on a poor run of form having won just one of their previous 11 games in all competitions, so Allardyce will be hoping the break will improve their fortunes . Valencia signed for West Ham United after an impressive World Cup campaign for Ecuador . | Enner Valencia and Adrian enjoyed a trip up the Burj Khalifa . West Ham are currently in Dubai for some warm weather training . The Hammers face London rivals Arsenal at the Emirates when they return . Sam Allardyce's side are currently on a run of just one win in 11 games . CLICK HERE for all the latest West Ham United news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Liverpool starlet Jerome Sinclair is set to join Wigan on loan until the end of the season. Latics boss Malky Mackay is an admirer of the 18-year-old forward and has contacted the Merseysiders about a temporary deal. Liverpool starlet Jerome Sinclair (left) is set to join Wigan on loan until the end of the season . Wigan hope to have the deal completed by the weekend. Sinclair made his Liverpool debut in a League Cup win over West Brom in 2012 but hasn't made a senior appearance since, though he was recently named in the squad to face Besiktas in the Europa League. The teenager has five England Under 17 caps. Wigan hope to conclude a deal for the 18-year-old forward (right) by the weekend . | Jerome Sinclair made his Liverpool debut in the League Cup in 2012 . 18-year-old forward hasn't made an appearance since for the Reds . The teenager has five international Under 17 caps for England . READ Sportsmail's profile of Liverpool starlet Sinclair . CLICK HERE for all the latest Liverpool news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Everton's players appeared in buoyant mood ahead of Thursday evening's Europa League clash with Dynamo Kiev. Roberto Martinez's side hold a 2-1 advantage going into the second leg of their last 16 tie and were full of smiles as they boarded the plane to Ukraine on Wednesday morning. Toffees forward Romelu Lukaku took a number of snaps ahead of the trip and posed for selfies with strike partner Arouna Kone and Everton goalkeeper Tim Howard . The Belgium international also stopped for pictures on arrival in the Ukrainian capital. Everton striker Romelu Lukaku stops for a photo and gives the thumbs up on arrival in Kiev on Wednesday . Everton goalkeeper Tim Howard walks through the airport having arrived in the Ukrainian capital . Joel Robles, Everton defender Seamus Coleman and midfielder James McCarthy walk through to arrivals . Lukaku and Howard pose for a selfie ahead of Everton's trip to Ukraine on Wednesday morning . Lukaku and Everton strike partner Arouna Kone pose for a selfie before boarding the plane to Ukraine . Lukaku and Kone, who played upfront together during Everton's 3-0 win over Newcastle, pose for the camera . Everton forward Lukaku took another selfie on board the plane and wished people a 'nice and blessed day' Everton midfielder Ross Barkley boards the plane having scored in Everton's win over Newcastle on Sunday . VIDEO Kiev win can be turning point - Martinez . The rest of the Blues squad also seemed to be in a good mood after Everton - who have struggled in the Premier League this season - eased lingering relegation fears with a confident 3-0 victory over Newcastle on Sunday. Aaron Lennon, who is ineligible having played for Tottenham earlier in the competition, travelled with the squad as did Aiden McGeady and John Stones who both missed the victory over the Magpies. However, Kevin Mirallas was not seen to board the flight. Dynamo Kiev, meanwhile, have announced that the Olympic Stadium, which holds 70,000, has sold out for the visit of the Toffees bar the section closed off by UEFA following crowd trouble in the previous round against Guingamp. Everton manager Roberto Martinez will be keen to see his side build on their 2-1 lead in the second leg . Howard pulls a face and makes a point while Everton captain Phil Jagielka appeared in a good mood . Aaron Lennon, pictured right with Tyias Browning, made the trip despite being ineligible for the competition . John Stones and Aiden McGeady also travelled to Ukraine having missed the victory over the Magpies . Everton coach and club legend Duncan Ferguson (right) boards the plane while Leon Osman gives a smile . With some suggesting a European campaign can have an adverse affect on a side's Premier League form, Everton have experienced mixed fortunes when playing straight after a fixture on the continent this campaign. The Merseysiders have won three of their matches played directly after a Europa League fixture, drawing two and losing four. However, despite finding things tough domestically, Everton have impressed in the Europa League - getting the better of Bundesliga high-flyers Wolsfburg in the group stage before beating Swiss side Young Boys 7-2 on aggregate - and will be hoping to go all the way to Warsaw for the final in May. Everton 2-3 Crystal Palace . Man United 2-1 Everton . Burnley 1-3 Everton . Sunderland 1-1 Everton . Tottenham 2-1 Everton . Everton 3-1 QPR . Everton 2-2 Leicester . Arsenal 2-0 Everton . Everton 3-0 Newcastle . | Everton face Dynamo Kiev in Europa League last 16 on Thursday night . The Toffees hold a 2-1 advantage going into the second leg clash . Blues squad appeared to be in high spirits as they boarded the plane . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Willie Mullins aims to pair champion jockey Ruby Walsh with Ballycasey in the Grand National on April 11 as the trainer pins his sole hopes in the big one at Aintree on the outsider. Mullins withdrew his other potential runners Boston Bob and Prince De Beauchene on Tuesday. But the Irishman believes the conditions and slower pace at Aintree should suit Ballycasey, even if the bookmakers and punters don't see it the same way. Ruby Walsh on Ballycasey before their third in February's Betfair Ascot Chase - the pair look set to combine for April 11's Grand National at Aintree . Trainer Willie Mullins believes Ballycasey (right) will go the distance at Aintree but the bookies don't agree . 'I presume, all being well, that Ruby will ride,' said in The Guardian. 'He loves that type of ground they usually get, he should go the trip and I think he's a better horse in the spring. We think he's got a nice weight.' The last time Walsh rode Ballycasey, in the Ryanair Stakes at the Cheltenham Festival, the Irish jockey pulled the eight-year-old up. 'He didn't fire on the day and Ruby wasn't happy with him from early on,' said Mullins. 'Perhaps the slower pace of the National will suit him. We're hoping he'll be better on a flatter track.' Retiring 20-time champion jockey AP McCoy will likely ride Shutthefrontdoor in the Grand National . Ballycasey is at around 50-1 with mainstream bookmakers and up to 100-1 while Shutthefrontdoor, the likely ride for 20-time champion jockey AP McCoy, among the early favourites with Rocky Creek, Balthazar King and The Druids Nephew. Walsh famously won the Grand National at his first attempt in 2000 on Papillon, trained by his father Ted Walsh, and last tasted victory there over 30 fences for Mullins in 2005 on Hedgehunter. | Ruby Walsh will likely ride Ballycasey in the Grand National on April 11 . Mullins has withdrawn Boston Bob and Prince De Beauchene from the race . Ballycasey is a 100-1 shot with some bookies but should go the distance . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A wartime airman’s poignant gift to his fallen RAF comrades has prompted an ‘overwhelming’ public response to ensure they are never forgotten. Squadron Leader Les Munro, now the only surviving pilot of the legendary Dambusters raid, is to auction his gallantry medals to help pay for the upkeep of Britain’s recently built memorial to the 55,573 airmen killed in the war . Yesterday after the Daily Mail reported the 95-year-old ex-pilot’s gesture, a wave of tributes and offers of donations swept social media and the RAF Benevolent Fund, which is responsible for the £50,000-a-year upkeep of the memorial in London’s Green Park. Donation: Squadron Leader Les Munro, 95, pictured, who is the last surviving Dambusters commander, hopes to raise £50,000 for the Bomber Command Memorial in London by selling his war medals . Comrades: Les Munro (centre at front) with his crew in front of the Lancaster Bomber he flew on the raid that smashed two dams . Now the Fund is starting a formal book of gratitude for Sqdrn Ldr Munro and opening an online facility for people to donate in his name. Director Mike Neville said: ‘The public response to Les Munro’s incredibly generous donation of his medals and log books has been overwhelming. 'We’ve been really impressed with the public support generated by the coverage, in particular an incredible response on social media. People who have been touched by Les’s generosity can now leave a message of thanks for him or make a donation towards the memorial.’ Yesterday the New Zealand born flyer, now the only surviving pilot of the 1943 Dambusters raid, revealed he was inspired to make the medal gesture after being moved by a visit to the memorial. Up for auction: Les Munro will sell his medal for New Zealand Order of Merit, above and, pictured left to right his medals for Distinguished Service Order, New Zealand Queen's Service Order, Distinguished Flying Cross, 1939-45 Star; Air Crew Europe Star with clasp France and Germany, Italy Star; Defence and War Medals 1939-45, New Zealand Service Medal 1939-45, and the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal . Service: Les Munro leaning out of the cockpit of his Lancaster Bomber , which he flew on the Dambusters raid. The plane was hit over Holland and he managed to fly it home with a gaping hole in the body . Remembered: The Bomber Command Memorial is dedicated to the 55,573 airmen and ground staff killed during the Second World War. It costs £50,000 a year to maintain, and Les Munro wants to help pay for it . Hero: Les Munro (left) being introduced to George VI, centre, by Wing Commander Guy Gibson VC, right, who led 617 Squadron on the Dambusters raid . Old friends: Les Munro (left) shares a joke with Wing Commander Leonard Cheshire VC, who took over as 617 Squadron commander, at a 1986 reunion in New Zealand . He said he wanted to do so ‘out of comradeship’ for the airmen who never came home. He added it was a ‘travesty’ that the ‘magnificent memorial’ – dedicated to British and Commonwealth airmen and ground crew after a campaign led by the Daily Mail and others – was not unveiled until 2012, more than 67 years after the war ended. Among the tributes on Facebook in the wake of his selfless pledge were comments from both sides of the world. 'Hero for his actions in the war, hero for wanting to keep the memories of his comrades alive...,' one person wrote. Another added: 'A real hero who fought for our freedom. X' Mark Gillespie wrote: 'What a top bloke!' Facebook user Mike Davies posted: 'Great respect to you Sir.' The medals, which include a Distinguished Service Order and Distinguished Flying Cross, are expected to fetch around £50,000 when they are sold with his flying logs and other memorabilia on March 25 in London. Book of Gratitude messages can be left here. | Les Munro, 95, flew Lancaster on raid on dams using bouncing bombs . He hopes to raise £50,000 for upkeep of the central London RAF memorial . Built to remember 55,573 aircrew and groundstaff who died in WW2 . Not finished until 2013 after row with Germany over respect for their dead . Sq Ldr Munro's Lancaster bomber was hit by Nazi fire over Holland on raid . But he flew plane back to UK with a gaping hole, saving lives of his crew . |
When was the Tesla Model 3 unit one million sold? | The Tesla Model 3 became the world's all-time best-selling electric car in early 2020, and in June 2021 became the first electric car to pass 1 million global sales. Together with other emerging automotive technologies such as autonomous driving, connected vehicles and shared mobility, electric cars form a future mobility vision called Autonomous, Connected, Electric and Shared (ACES) Mobility. | June 2021 |
What awards did Zach Edey win? | On December 17, 2022, Edey became both the 55th player in Purdue's history to reach 1,000 career points and the 11th player in Purdue's history to reach 100 career blocks.
During the 2022-23 season, Edey received Big Ten Player of the Week six times, tying the school record for most awards in a single season (Caleb Swanigan, 2016-17) and rising to second most all-time in men's basketball in the Big Ten (Evan Turner, 2010-11).
At the close of the season, Edey was named the Big Ten Player of the Year and Sporting News National Player of the Year. He was also named a consensus first-team All-American. | Zach Edey won the following awards:
- Big Ten Player of the Week (6x)
- Big Ten Player of the Year
- Sporting News National Player of the Year
- consensus first-team All-American |
What is CAP theorem in computer science? | In theoretical computer science, the CAP theorem, also named Brewer's theorem after computer scientist Eric Brewer, states that any distributed data store can provide only two of the following three guarantees:
Consistency
Every read receives the most recent write or an error.
Availability
Every request receives a (non-error) response, without the guarantee that it contains the most recent write.
Partition tolerance
The system continues to operate despite an arbitrary number of messages being dropped (or delayed) by the network between nodes.
When a network partition failure happens, it must be decided whether to do one of the following:
cancel the operation and thus decrease the availability but ensure consistency
proceed with the operation and thus provide availability but risk inconsistency.
Thus, if there is a network partition, one has to choose between consistency or availability. Note that consistency as defined in the CAP theorem is quite different from the consistency guaranteed in ACID database transactions.
Eric Brewer argues that the often-used "two out of three" concept can be somewhat misleading because system designers need only to sacrifice consistency or availability in the presence of partitions, but that in many systems partitions are rare. | The CAP theorem, also named Brewer's theorem, states that distributed data stores can provide only two of three guarantees: consistency, availability, and partition tolerance. When a network partition fails, it must be decided whether to cancel the operation or proceed with the operation. Eric Brewer argues that the "two out of three" concept can be misleading. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | She may have designed a staggering seven lingerie collections and nine sleepwear ranges for M&S, but Rosie Huntington-Whiteley's creative talent shows no sign of waning. The model and lingerie designer has unveiled her Rosie for Autograph Summer collection - and it's full of mix and match pieces featuring sophisticated hues of slate blue and silver with colour pops of peach and floral prints. Rosie, 27, was inspired by all things oriental and she also incorporated the vintage glamour trend she does so well each season. Scroll down for video . Model and lingerie designer Rosie Huntington-Whiteley has unveiled her Rosie for Autograph summer collection - and it is full of mix and match pieces featuring sophisticated tones and lovely lace . The Devon-born model sure likes the finer things in life; her designs, which are priced between £15 and £59, come in luxe silk and French designed lace. On Tuesday, the M&S lingerie model won the Model Of The Year at Elle magazine's Style Awards in London and these campaign images prove why. According to Elle, they chose to recognise Rosie for her contribution to the industry over a career spanning more than ten years, during which time she has graced international catwalks for brands including Burberry, Prada, Givenchy and Balmain. Rosie splits time between Los Angeles and London while maintaining her career and relationship with Jason Statham. Rosie's new range features tones of slate blue, white and silver with sexy sheer cut-out panels . Rosie, who was voted model of the year at the ELLE Style Awards last week, shows off her perfect curves in a blue and cream lingerie set from her collection . Speaking to InStyle last month, Rosie revealed that she likes her men to come a little 'rough around the edges.' She described her interest in men's style by saying: 'I like men who keep it real and simple. I’m never attracted to a man who looks like he may take longer than me to get ready.' 'I like men in classic jeans, a T-shirt, and a cool jacket,' she continued. 'For the evening, a suit or a tux is always pretty hot. Steve McQueen and Paul Newman are my kind of guys. Confident, cool, and a little rough round the edges!' Next up for the model will be a role in the upcoming post-apocalyptic action film Mad Max: Fury Road, the first film of the franchise in 30 years. It's due in cinemas his May. According to Elle, they chose to recognise Rosie for her contribution to the industry over a career spanning more than ten years . Rosie, who has designed countless ranges for Autograph at M&S, splits time between Los Angeles and London while maintaining her career and relationship with Jason Statham . | Rosie, 27, models her summer lingerie range for Autograph at M&S . Was inspired by all things oriental and colour palette is sophisticated . The Devon-born beauty voted Model of the Year at ELLE Style Awards . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The orthodontic braces that have plagued teens for decades have become spring's most surprising new beauty trend. The once dreaded orthodontia was seen on the catwalk last month during New York Fashion Week, while CR Fashion Book's Editor-in-Chief Carine Roitfeld had 17-year-old model Kitty Hayes flaunt her mouth full of metal on the cover of the magazine's latest issue. 'After putting Beyoncé on my cover last season, I knew there was no way to top the most famous and beautiful woman in the world,' she told WWD. 'So I went in the opposite direction: I chose my favorite fresh faces of the season…girls who are mostly unknown but have a special quality that sets them apart, like big ears or a strange smile.' Unique beauty: Model Kitty Hayes, 17, shows off her metal braces featuring powder blue bands for the latest issue of CR Fashion Book . She continued: 'To me, these models are fascinating because of their imperfections. They represent the new guard of jolie laide - my way of seeing beauty for 2015.' And Kitty isn't the only teen model sporting orthodontia. Last month, New York Times style reporter Matthew Schneier shared a photo of British model Charlie James, 17, smiling and displaying his braces at Opening Ceremony's fall/winter 2015 show. 'Newbie model Charlie James, 17. His braces won't come off till he's 20. I'm encouraging him to make that his brand,' Mr Schneier captioned the picture. Trademark look: British model Charlie James, 17, flaunted his braces backstage at Martin Keehn's fall/winter 2015 show during New York Fashion Week . Individual style: New York Times style reporter Matthew Schneier told Charlie to make his braces a part of his trademark look last month at the Opening Ceremony show during New York Fashion Week . Meanwhile, Hood by Air designer Shayne Oliver put his own spin on the teeth straightening devices by sending his models down the runway wearing grills with braces and locks. Even though the fashion industry seems to be embracing orthodontia with opens arms, it's not always easy being a model with a mouth full of metal. Kitty revealed to CR Fashion Book that the metal wiring and power blue bands that she so proudly shows off for the magazines sixth issue were also the cause of her most embarrassing moment. 'Recently I had a really important casting but when I came out I looked in the mirror and found that I had spinach in my braces!' she explained. 'I was so embarrassed and everyone would have seen it.' Metal mouth: For his fall/winter 2015 show, Hood by Air designer Shayne Oliver sent models down the runway wearing grills with braces and locks . Dental design: This model can be seen wearing over the top orthodontia at the Hood by Air show last month during New York Fashion Week . Although braces may be this season's newest trend, celebrities have been sporting their teeth straightening orthodontia on the red carpet for years. Gwen Stefani, Faith Hill, Tom Cruise and Faye Dunaway are among the A-listers who have been photographed wearing braces at some point in their careers. Gwen explained to Harper's Bazaar in 2012 that braces were a gift that she gave herself when No Doubt made it big. 'I always told myself when I got rich, that's the first thing I'd do,' she said. Standout look: Gwen Stefani paired her braces with hot pink hair in 1999 . Confident smile: Faith Hill sported braces to a Barbra Streisand concert at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York in 2012 . | CR Fashion Book's Editor-in-Chief Carine Roitfeld has model Kitty Hayes, 17, flaunting her braces on the cover of the magazine's latest issue . British model Charlie James, 17, showed off his braces during New York Fashion Week last month . Hood by Air designer Shayne Oliver sent his models down the runway wearing grills with braces and locks for his lateset fall/winter 2015 show . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester United benchwarmer Radamel Falcao sent a message to Louis van Gaal with two clinical finishes for Colombia in their friendly in Bahrain on Thursday night. Falcao struck twice in four minutes for Colombia's second and third goals in a 6-0 thrashing of the world No 103-ranked side at the Bahrain National Stadium. The 29-year-old has been craving regular football having not started for his club since February 28 but delivered as he so often has for national team head coach Jose Pekerman. Radamel Falcao celebrates the second of his two goals for Colombia in their friendly against Bahrain . Out-of-favour Manchester United striker watches his first strike, a classy volley, hit the bottom corner . 1 Arnoldo Iguaran 24 goals in 68 games . 2 Radamel Falcao 23 in 55 . 3 Faustino Asprilla 20 in 57 . 4 Freddy Rincon 17 in 84 . 5 Víctor Aristizabal 15 in 66 . 6 Teofilo Gutierrez 14 in 37 . Adolfo Valencia 14 in 37 . 8 Ivan Valenciano 13 in 29 . Antony de Avila 13 in 54 . 10 James Rodriguez 12 in 32 . Willington Jose Ortiz 12 in 49 . First though, Falcao was the provider for fellow striker Carlos Bacca to open the scoring on 14 minutes after Chelsea's Juan Cuadrado hit the post early on. Showing strength at the back post Falcao headed back to Bacca at the top of the six-yard box for the Sevilla marksman to drill home the finish. Captain Falcao then stepped up in the 32nd minute to get himself on the scoresheet with a clinical left-footed volley after a looping ball over the top of the flagging Bahrain defence. Falcao's second came moments later, again with a first-time finish, but this time after his explosive run between defenders was met with a well-weighted through ball. The strike, which it must be said took a significant deflection, took Falcao's international tally to 23 in 55 matches, just one short of his country's all-time top-scorer Arnoldo Iguaran's 24 from 68. Carlos Bacca drills home Colombia's first goal after a strong header from Falcao set him up . Falcao pierces through the hapless Bahraini defence on Thursday night as he enjoys valuable game time . Defender Abdulla Khaled Al-Haza'a brings down Falcao wide on the right during their friendly . After the break Borussia Dortmund's Adrian Ramos came on to add his second goal in as many international showings after a deft pass from Inter Milan's Fredy Guarin for 4-0. After Pekerman decided his star man had had enough after 72 minutes, Real Valladolid's Johan Mojica and Mexico-based Andres Renteria came off the bench to continue his work with goals five and six respectively to wrap up the mismatch. Despite his personal tally getting a boost, Falcao made a point to commend his team's effort after the match. 'Great victory today against Bahrain,' he wrote on his Instagram page. 'The most important think, the amazing team work!!! Go Colombia.' Falcao has scored just four times in 22 appearances since coming to Old Trafford on loan from Monaco and is almost certain to go elsewhere in the summer. Colombia's Andres Renteria, who plays for Santos Laguna in Mexico, beats Said Ahmad Jaffer for the sixth . Chelsea's Juan Cuadrado shoots in Colombia's 6-0 win at the Bahrain National Stadium in Riffa . Bahrain keeper Sayed Mohammad Jafar makes himself big as Falcao comes close for a third . Colombia enjoy support away from home in Bahrain as they continue preparations for the Copa America . But with some sharp running and eagle eye for goal - at least twice - he showed glimpses of the reasons why the club thought him worthy of £260,000-a-week for this season. He should have left the pitch with a hat-trick, to be fair, with a golden chance at the far post on 49 minutes squandered following a poor Bahraini clearance from a free-kick. Falcao's last goal for Van Gaal's side came on January 31 when he scored United's second in a 3-1 defeat of Leicester. His most recently involvement under Van Gaal has been minimal - as an 83rd minute substitute in wins against Liverpool and Tottenham after being hooked after 68 minutes with United 1-0 up against Sunderland - as the Dutchman puts his faith in Wayne Rooney with support from Danny Welbeck and Juan Mata in the absence of Robin Van Persie. Colombia's match in Riffa served as a warm-up for the Copa America in Chile from June 11 to July 4 at which they will be hoping to see the return of Real Madrid's James Rodriguez who is still recovering foot injury. | Radamel Falcao took his goal tally for Colombia to 23 in 55 matches . The mismatch served as a warm-up for the Copa America in Chile . Carlos Bacca, Adrian Ramos, Johan Mojica and Andres Renteria scored . Falcao's last goal for Manchester United came on January 31 . |
List all the organisations mentioned in this paragraph on the history of the Java programming language, as a comma separated list. | Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture. The syntax of Java is similar to C and C++, but has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities (such as reflection and runtime code modification) that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. As of 2019, Java was one of the most popular programming languages in use according to GitHub,[citation not found] particularly for client–server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers.
Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems. It was released in May 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The original and reference implementation Java compilers, virtual machines, and class libraries were originally released by Sun under proprietary licenses. As of May 2007, in compliance with the specifications of the Java Community Process, Sun had relicensed most of its Java technologies under the GPL-2.0-only license. Oracle offers its own HotSpot Java Virtual Machine, however the official reference implementation is the OpenJDK JVM which is free open-source software and used by most developers and is the default JVM for almost all Linux distributions.
As of March 2023, Java 20 is the latest version, while Java 17, 11 and 8 are the current long-term support (LTS) versions. | GitHub, Sun Microsystems, Oracle |
List the major neighborhoods on the East Side and West Side of Manhattan. | East Side of Manhattan refers to the side of Manhattan which abuts the East River and faces Brooklyn and Queens. Fifth Avenue, Central Park from 59th to 110th Streets, and Broadway below 8th Street separate it from the West Side.
The major neighborhoods on the East Side include (from north to south) East Harlem, Yorkville, the Upper East Side, Turtle Bay, Murray Hill, Kips Bay, Gramercy, East Village, and the Lower East Side. The main north–south expressways servicing the East Side are the Franklin D. Roosevelt East River Drive and Harlem River Drive, which for the majority of their length are separated from the east shore of the island by the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway. The East Side is served by the IRT East Side Line subway and by many bus lines.
The West Side of Manhattan refers to the side of Manhattan Island which abuts the Hudson River and faces the U.S. state of New Jersey. Fifth Avenue, Central Park, and lower Broadway separate it from the East Side. The major neighborhoods on the West Side are (from north to south) Inwood, Hudson Heights, Washington Heights, West Harlem, Morningside Heights, Manhattan Valley, Upper West Side, Hell's Kitchen, Chelsea, West Village, SoHo, and Tribeca. The 8th Avenue and West Side subway lines connect all parts of the West Side.
The main north-south roads servicing the West Side are the Henry Hudson Parkway in the north, and the West Side Highway in the south. The Hudson River Greenway separates those highways from the western shore of the island. | East Side: East Harlem, Yorkville, the Upper East Side, Turtle Bay, Murray Hill, Kips Bay, Gramercy, East Village, and the Lower East Side
West Side: Inwood, Hudson Heights, Washington Heights, West Harlem, Morningside Heights, Manhattan Valley, Upper West Side, Hell's Kitchen, Chelsea, West Village, SoHo, and Tribeca |
What was the Byzantine Empire? | The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople. It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire remained the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. The terms "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" were coined after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire and to themselves as Romans[note 2]—a term which Greeks continued to use for themselves into Ottoman times. Although the Roman state continued and its traditions were maintained, modern historians prefer to differentiate the Byzantine Empire from Ancient Rome as it was centered on Constantinople instead of Rome, oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture, and was characterized by Eastern Orthodox Christianity. | After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, it split into many nations. The eastern part of the Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire with Constantinople as its capital city rather than Rome. The Byzantine citizens continued to refer to themselves as Romans, and believed themselves as the successor to the former empire, however their culture was more Greek than Latin. The Byzantine Empire continued to be the most powerful nation in Europe until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. |
From the given text, can you please extract all possible technical details of the aeroplane in the JSON format {key:value} where key is the attribute and value is the data for the attribute. | The aircraft involved in the accident was a 4-year-old Airbus A330-203, with manufacturer serial number 660, registered as F-GZCP. Its first flight was on 25 February 2005, and it was delivered 2 months later to the airline on 18 April 2005. At the time of the crash, it was Air France's newest A330. The aircraft was powered by two General Electric CF6-80E1A3 engines with a maximum thrust of 68,530 or 60,400 lbf (304.8 or 268.7 kN) (take-off/max continuous), giving it a cruise speed range of Mach 0.82–0.86 (470–493 knots or 870–913 kilometres per hour or 541–567 miles per hour), at 35,000 feet (11,000 m) of altitude and a range of 12,500 km (6,700 nmi; 7,800 mi). The aircraft underwent a major overhaul on 16 April 2009, and at the time of the accident had accumulated about 18,870 flying hours. | Here are the technical details of the aeroplane that I could parse and format it in JSON format {key:value}.
{
"age in years":"4",
"aircraft manufacturer":"Airbus",
"aircraft model":"A330-203",
"manufacturer serial number":"660",
"aircraft registration number":"F-GZCP",
"first flight date":"25 February, 2005",
"airline delivery date":"18 April, 2005",
"airline name":"Air France",
"aircraft engine type":"General Electric CF6-80E1A3",
"aircraft engine maximum thrust":"60400",
"aircraft engine maximum thrust unit":"lbf",
"aircraft cruise speed range":"Mach0.82-0.86",
"aircraft cruise speed attitude":"35000",
"aircraft cruise speed attitude unit":"feet",
"aircraft range":"12500",
"aircraft range unit":"km",
"aircraft major overhaul date":"16 April, 2009",
"aircraft accumulated flying hours":"18870"
} |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The brother of Jihadi John was a member of a group dubbed the 'Muslim mafia' in school and admired a controversial Islamic hate preacher, it has been claimed, as the first photographs of Omar Emwazi emerge. The 21-year-old - whose older brother Mohammed was exposed as the infamous ISIS killer last week - is said to have supported Sheikh Khalid Yasin, who was lauded by Lee Rigby killer Michael Adebowale. Omar had lived with Mohammed, 26, and both went to school together at Quintin Kynaston Academy in north west London, which was also attended by another ISIS member, Choukri Ellekhlifi. Omar Emwazi, 21, was reportedly part of a so-called Muslim mafia in school and looked up to a controversial hate preacher. He is the younger brother of Mohammed Emwazi, revealed last week as the face behind Jihadi John's mask . Omar is said to have quickly taken down his Facebook page after his brother's new identity was revealed last week. He reportedly used the site to 'like' Sheikh Yasin, a preacher who has called the Taliban his 'brothers' and denounced both Christian and Jewish beliefs as 'filth'. Yasin has also claimed that the Koran gives men permission to 'beat women lightly' and has called homosexuality an 'aberration' that should be 'punishable by death'. Michael Adebowale - who was jailed last year for the murder of Fusilier Lee Rigby - said Yasin's views taught him the 'purpose of life' and convinced him to convert to Islam. Omar is believed to be being questioned in Kuwait, the home country of his father, Jassem, over Mohammed's involvement with ISIS, after they recently returned to the country from their house in west London. A schoolfriend of Omar has said he was part of a group dubbed 'the Muslim Mafia' at Quintin Kynaston because of their devout religious views. The unnamed woman told Victoria Ward of The Daily Telegraph: 'He was very religious but in an unobtrusive way. 'In every year there was a set that was the Muslim Mafia that hung out together and were very religious.' The former schoolfriend insisted Omar was too much of a 'wimp' to be an extremist. Mohammed Emwazi was this week revealed to be ISIS killer 'Jihadi John', seen beheading hostages in videos . He and his younger brother Omar Emwazi both went to Quintin Kynaston Academy in north London. A school friend has said the younger boy was part of a religious clique known as 'the Muslim Mafia' Omar Emwazi is said to have used Facebook to profess his admiration for Muslim hate preacher Sheikh Kalid Yasin (left), who inspired Lee Rigby killer Michael Adebowale (right) to convert to Islam . The Emwazi family have left their home in north London, which was visited by authorities investigating Mohammed last week . Omar is also said to have been a member of a group called Power of Dawah, who try to convert people to Islam in the street. Quintin Kynaston - which has a large number of Muslim students - is set to undergo a review over how it handled radicalisation among its pupils. The school, which is said to be completely different today from the time when the Emwazis attended, will be investigated by the Department of Education. Its former the former headteacher, Jo Shuter, today insisted staff new nothing of any extreme influence of students. She told Radio 4's Today programme: 'I'm not prepared to say when the radicalisation took place but all I can say is hand on heart that we had no knowledge of it. 'There was never any sense that any of these young men, as I knew them, were ever radicalised at the school.' The Emwazi's father was a member of the 'Bidoun' group of stateless people denied citizenship by countries in the Gulf. He worked as a police officer in Kuwait, where Mohammed was born, until he found his loyalties questioned after Saddam Hussein's 1990-1 invasion of the Gulf State because his family was originally from Iraq. Mr Emwazi took his wife and his children to live in London in 1993, although he later returned and is now living in the Kuwaiti city of Jahra. The family are now in Kuwait, where they are reportedly being questioned by the security services . | Brother Omar went to same London school as infamous ISIS killer . He was said to be part of a tight group of deeply-religious schoolboys . Claims his Facebook profile showed he liked controversial hate preacher . Same preacher inspired one of Lee Rigby's killers to convert to Islam . Jihadi John's family have now moved back to father's native Kuwait . |
Given this paragraph, what is the definition of Long short-term memory ? | Long short-term memory (LSTM) is an artificial neural network used in the fields of artificial intelligence and deep learning. Unlike standard feedforward neural networks, LSTM has feedback connections. Such a recurrent neural network (RNN) can process not only single data points (such as images), but also entire sequences of data (such as speech or video). This characteristic makes LSTM networks ideal for processing and predicting data. For example, LSTM is applicable to tasks such as unsegmented, connected handwriting recognition, speech recognition, machine translation, speech activity detection, robot control, video games, and healthcare. | Long-short term memory is an artificial neural network used in deep learning that can process not only single data points (such as images), but also entire sequences of data (such as speech or video). |
Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of what skateboarding is. | Skateboarding is an action sport originating in the United States that involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard, as well as a recreational activity, an art form, an entertainment industry job, and a method of transportation. Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years. A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue, with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world. | Skateboarding is an action sport originating in the United States that involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard, as well as a recreational activity, an art form, an entertainment industry job, and a method of transportation. Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years. A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue, with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world. In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding would be represented at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, for both male and female teams.
Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and more recently, scooters. However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas, and parks. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Everton manager Roberto Martinez believes his side have finally banished the fear factor which has been holding them back. The 3-0 win over 10-man Newcastle thanks to goals from James McCarthy, Romelu Lukaku and Ross Barkley was the Toffees' first at Goodison Park in the league in 2015. It was a crucial one as it lifted them six points clear of the relegation zone and Martinez believes the basis for the performance was founded in the come-from-behind 2-1 Europa League win over Dynamo Kiev on Thursday. Roberto Martinez believes Everton have finally banished the fear factor which has been holding them back . James McCarthy (right) opened the the scoring against Newcastle and was congratulated by Aaron Lennon . 'It was a big game for us and sometimes that can bring extra pressure in that you play the occasion rather than the game,' he said. 'The perfect preparation was Thursday. Probably Thursday was a real turning point in that moment when we managed to take control of the situation. The first 20 minutes (against Kiev) was as bad as it can be in terms of suffering because you feel the anxiety and responsibility as a player then all of a sudden we found the way we should perform. 'The mindset today wasn't of a team who had fear of losing at home, some of the play was outstanding but when we had to defend and work hard for each other we did that with total composure. 'From scoring the first goal we managed the game really well and I thought we defended really composed. Tim Howard had a big save in the second half but apart from that I thought we protected him very well. Everton were already 2-0 up when Magpies captain Fabricio Coloccini was sent off for a lunge at winger Aaron Lennon and Martinez had no doubts about the straight red card. Romelu Lukaku, having set up McCarthy for the opener, netted Everton's second from the penalty spot . 'I haven't seen the replay but I thought it was reckless and high,' he added. 'If you look at the reaction of the Newcastle players I don't think anyone was surprised when they saw the red card. 'I don't think it was a turning point or the reason why we won because we were very much in control but it always helps.' Newcastle caretaker boss John Carver's initial thoughts were to agree with Martinez but he admits he will closely examine all footage over the next day or two before deciding the next course of action. 'I have looked at it from four or five angles and it is not conclusive,' he said. Ross Barkley celebrates after giving gloss to the victory with a stoppage time strike to make it 3-0 . 'When it actually happened, from the reaction of the Everton players, straight away I thought 'that must be a red'. But when I came in and looked at it, it was very difficult to decide. 'I will look at it again and if it is worthy of a sending off then I will accept it but if it is not I will appeal. 'There seemed to be more of their players surrounding the situation than our players.' With nothing to play for Newcastle are limping towards the end of the season but Carver stressed that would not be allowed to happen and there was an immediate dressing room inquest after the game, although he was keen to point out it was not confrontational. 'A few of the guys had a few composed words after the match,' he added. 'I told one or two players not to say anything because usually it is one or two players who come forward - I wanted it to come from other people. 'The fact people make a point I think is a healthy situation - it can't always come from me, I'm not a dictator. 'We can't go hiding or disappear anywhere. I can't walk around miserable as sin, I have to do something about it. 'The guys had a good two-way conversation and we will review it all on Tuesday.' | Everton beat hapless Newcastle 3-0 at Goodison Park on Sunday . It was their first home Premier League win of 2015 . James McCarthy, Romelu Lukaku and Ross Barkley scored the goals . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Anna Duritskaya, the Ukrainian model who was with opposition politician Boris Nemtsov when he was shot in Moscow, is now the focus of intense interest. A beautiful brunette more than 30 years his junior, she had been his girlfriend for 2½ years. So what is known about her? The 23-year-old had been out for dinner with Nemtsov on Friday night. She had suggested getting a taxi, but Nemtsov didn't want to, preferring to walk, Duritskaya's mother said. As the pair crossed a bridge in central Moscow, the 55-year-old Kremlin critic was gunned down by unknown attackers. His girlfriend was holding his hand and heard what sounded like a clapping sound, her mother, Inna Duritskaya, told CNN. Nemtsov went limp and fell to the ground, fatally shot in the back. Duritskaya is the only known witness to the shooting, which occurred 100 meters (330 feet) from the Kremlin but appears not to have been captured on security cameras. Inna Duritskaya said her daughter called her right after she called police to raise the alarm. "She was crying and she was saying Boris had been killed and he's lying next to me," Inna Duritskaya said. "She was in such shock she couldn't say anything else. Just, 'Mum, Boris is killed, and he's lying next to me.' " On Monday, the Russian television station Dozhd published an interview with Anna Duritskaya. She told the interviewer that she did not see who killed Nemtsov, but that when she turned around, she saw a light-colored car driving away. In an interview with CNN, Ilya Yashin, a political ally and friend of Nemtsov's, said that Duritskaya had telephoned him immediately after the shooting and said there were several men in the car containing the shooter. Over the weekend, Russian authorities questioned Duritskaya about what she saw. While in Moscow, the model was staying at the apartment of an Nemtsov aide under constant police guard. But Moscow's Investigative Committee insisted that she was not detained and could have left at any time. "She said she wanted to give the testimony and took part in investigative activities understanding the importance of it for the investigation," a statement released Tuesday said. "We received no complaints from Anna Duritskaya or her lawyer during her stay in Moscow. Only today, after investigative activities are over she left Russia." The model left the Russian capital Monday night bound for Kiev, Ukraine, said Yevhen Perebyinis, a spokesman for Ukraine's Foreign Ministry. Inna Duritskaya told CNN that while being questioned, her daughter faced constant psychological pressure from Moscow authorities and that she fears she will be implicated in his death. In a Skype interview with Dozhd, Anna Duritskaya indicated her continued presence in Moscow after the shooting was not from choice -- and seemed to appeal to be allowed to leave. "Now I have a status of a witness, I gave all evidence possible, I don't understand why I'm still on the territory of Russia. I want to go to my mother who is ill, who is in very difficult psychological condition," she said. "During three days, they have been taking me together with security in police cars to the Investigation Committee and conduct the investigation. They are not explaining when they are going to release me and the reason they are keeping me here." Perhaps not. According to the Investigative Committee, Duritskaya signed a witness protocol and confidentiality agreement, which is standard procedure in Russia. It states that she will not share information she gave to investigators or any preliminary findings of the investigation, the committee said. "Leaving Russia, Duritskaya expressed a wish to continue to cooperate with the investigation and to participate in any ongoing investigation if needed," it added. Inna Duritskaya said her daughter knew the risks of getting involved with the prominent opposition leader. "Of course when I heard she was dating him, it was a bit of a shock," she said. "Then when I met him in person, I liked him a lot as a person. He was straightforward, he treated my daughter very well, she was happy. And I couldn't influence it anyway; my daughter did what she wanted to. Of course, I was worried and scared, but I couldn't change it anyway." Duritskaya's reported return to Kiev means she was unable to attend her partner's memorial service and funeral Tuesday. CNN's Alla Eshchenko contributed to this report. | Anna Duritskaya, a 23-year-old Ukrainian model, was Boris Nemtsov's girlfriend . She was with Nemtsov when unknown attackers shot him dead in Moscow . |
In a concise bulleted list, tell me what audiologists do when they are seeing a patient | Audiology (from Latin audīre, "to hear"; and from Greek -λογία, -logia) is a branch of science that studies hearing, balance, and related disorders. Audiologists treat those with hearing loss and proactively prevent related damage. By employing various testing strategies (e.g. behavioral hearing tests, otoacoustic emission measurements, and electrophysiologic tests), audiologists aim to determine whether someone has normal sensitivity to sounds. If hearing loss is identified, audiologists determine which portions of hearing (high, middle, or low frequencies) are affected, to what degree (severity of loss), and where the lesion causing the hearing loss is found (outer ear, middle ear, inner ear, auditory nerve and/or central nervous system). If an audiologist determines that a hearing loss or vestibular abnormality is present, they will provide recommendations for interventions or rehabilitation (e.g. hearing aids, cochlear implants, appropriate medical referrals). | * Audiologists aim to determine whether someone has normal sensitivity to sounds.
* If hearing loss is identified, audiologists determine which portions of hearing are affected, to what degree, and where the lesion causing the hearing loss is found
* If an audiologist determines that hearing loss is present, they will provide recommendations for interventions or rehabilitation |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Spain goalkeeper and captain Iker Casillas is unlikely to lose his place in the national side despite a recent poor run for his club Real Madrid, coach Vicente del Bosque said on Wednesday. Casillas is one player, along with Wales winger Gareth Bale, who has been blamed by Real fans for the European champions' slump and he was again the target of their ire during Tuesday's 4-3 Champions League loss at home to Bundesliga side Schalke 04. Although they squeezed through to the quarter-finals 5-4 on aggregate, Casillas and his team mates were whistled off the Bernabeu pitch by their angry supporters, already fuming after Real gave up the La Liga lead to Barcelona with a loss to Athletic Bilbao. Iker Casillas was blamed for this goal as Schalke's Klaas-Jan Huntelaar pounced on his poor parry . Huntelaar buried his finish and the Real Madrid fans booed their keeper after the 4-3 Champions League loss . 'He did not play well and he admitted that,' Del Bosque said in an interview with Radio Marca. 'He also saved Madrid at the end,' added the 64-year-old, who coached Casillas when he was in charge at Real between 1999 and 2003. 'We don't have to make a change unless the dip in form is alarming. I think he is in good shape.' Del Bosque has plenty of options if he decides to call time on Casillas's international career, with the likes of David De Gea (Manchester United) and Kiko Casilla (Espanyol) pushing for a starting place. Casillas's apparent drop in form doesn't bother Spain coach Vicente del Bosque who's back his keeper . Casillas (left) shows his disappointment alongside Toni Kroos after Real's loss to Schalke . However, he has consistently backed his captain during several difficult periods in recent years and is unlikely to drop him unless he suffers a sustained slump. Casillas has made 160 appearances for Spain, more than any other player, and led the side to back-to-back European crowns in 2008 and 2012 with the nation's debut World Cup triumph in between in 2010. Spain's next game is a Euro 2016 qualifier at home to Ukraine on March 27. With four matches played, Spain are second in Group C on nine points, three behind leaders Slovakia, who beat them 2-1 in Zilina in October, and level with Ukraine. Casillas is helpless as Austrian defender Christian Fuchs opens the scoring for Schalke on 20 minutes . The keeper and captain admitted his team had hit rock bottom after a recent poor run of results . | Spain coach Vicente del Bosque has backed keeper Iker Casillas . Casillas is in a slump for Real Madrid but safe in the national side . Casillas, along with Gareth Bale, are being blamed for Real's poor run . Real Madrid lost 4-3 to Schalke on Tuesday but still scraped through to the Champions League quarter-finals . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | ABC Family drama The Fosters has made history after featuring the youngest ever same-sex kiss on U.S. television. Characters Jude and Connor, both 13, locked lips after some awkward flirting and playful wrestling during Monday night's episode. The Fosters, which has a reputation as a progressive show, follows the lives of an interracial lesbian couple and their blended family of biological, adopted and foster children. Scroll down for video . ABC Family drama The Fosters has made history after featuring the youngest ever same-sex kiss on U.S. television . Characters Jude and Connor, both 13, locked lips after some awkward flirting and playful wrestling during Monday night's episode . 'Anyone else remember the exquisite torture of falling for someone and not knowing how they felt? My life in jr. high.,' tweeted the show's creator, Peter Paige, who previously starred in Queer as Folk. Jude and Connor's friendship has been building over the past two seasons and in a previous episode the boys had held hands at the movies and even kissed, although not on screen. The boy's big moment isn't the first same-sex kiss between teenagers on TV, but it is the youngest as shows including Glee and Teen Wolf featured older teens, reports The Daily Beast. The show, which premiered in 2013, is known for pushing the envelope and has been heavily criticized for it by right leaning organizations such as One Million Moms which had called for the show to be boycotted even before it aired. The group, which has routinely advocated against the depiction of same-sex couples in the media, stated: 'While foster care and adoption is a wonderful thing and the Bible does teach us to help orphans, this program is attempting to redefine marriage and family by having two moms raise these children together. The Fosters, which has a reputation as a progressive show, follows the lives of an interracial lesbian couple and their blended family of biological, adopted and foster children . The show's creator, Peter Paige, who previously starred in Queer as Folk, tweeted his excitement at the scene immediately after it was broadcast . In response, ABC Family President Michael Riley had responded that The Fosters merged perfectly with the network's 'groundbreaking storytelling and iconic characters' and will feature 'the same depth, heart, close relationships and authenticity that our viewers have come to expect'. Co-executive producer Jennifer Lopez has previously described the show as portraying 'a new kind of family' and believes it is reflective of the world today. 'Family has tuned into something else,' said Lopez. 'Family equals love.' The Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation group has also praised the show and it received an award for Outstanding Drama Series at the 2014 GLAAD Awards. | The show made history on Monday night with the youngest ever same-sex kiss on U.S. television . Characters Jude and Connor, both 13, locked lips after some awkward flirting and playful wrestling during Monday night's episode . The Fosters follows the lives of an interracial lesbian couple and their blended family of biological, adopted and foster children . Shows including Glee and Teen Wolf have previously featured same-sex kiss between teenagers, but featured older teens . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Is it an April Fool's gag or flame-grilled brilliance? We'll have to wait until April 1 to find out. Burger King ads in Japan promise a limited-edition perfume for April Fool's Day to make you smell like a couple of all-beef patties. The name may lose something in translation, but Flame-Grilled Fragrance will sell for 5,000 yen (about $41) and comes with a free Whopper. How's that for an offer? It's a one-day sale, according to Burger King, and only available at stores in Japan. Sorry, rest of the world. Burger King did this a few years back in the United States with the fragrance Flame. Flame was billed as "the scent of seduction with a hint of flame-broiled meat." Yep, pretty much says it all. If that doesn't get your senses sizzling or whet your appetite for seduction, there are plenty of others -- what shall we call them -- interesting scents that have been available in recent years. Here are some of our favorites. We haven't sampled them, we just like the names. 1. bacōn by fargginay -- because everything's better with bacon . 2. Cannabis Santal Eau de Parfum -- when you want to smell like pot, but don't want to have the munchies. 3. Secretions Magnifique from Etat Libre d'Orange -- when you want to smell like "blood, sweat, sperm and saliva." Let's move on. 4. Eau De Pizza Hut -- Pizza Hut Canada released this a few years ago when it reached 100,000 Facebook fans. 5. Kiss cologne spray -- when you want to rock 'n' roll all night and not smell like it all day. 6. Dirt by the Demeter Fragrance Library -- we're guessing this one has an earthy smell. 7. Patton men's cologne -- brought to you by the U.S. Army. This is what you what to smell like when you're ready to take on the world, or at least the Nazis. 8. Lobster by the Demeter Fragrance Library -- you'll come out of your shell with this scent. Don't forget the drawn butter. 9. Eau de Stilton -- the folks that make the UK's famous blue cheese came up with this one. We're looking for a crackers cologne to pair it with. CNN's Junko Ogura and Brian Walker contributed to this report . | Burger King says you get a free Whopper when you buy Flame-Grilled Fragrance for about $41 . Burger King did this a few years ago in U.S. with the fragrance Flame . |
Why are the Green Bay Packers called the Packers? | Needing to outfit his new squad, team founder Curly Lambeau solicited funds from his employer, the Indian Packing Company. He was given $500 for uniforms and equipment in return for the team being named for its sponsor. An early newspaper article referred to the fledglings as "the Indians", but by the time they played their first game "Packers" had taken hold.
Indian Packing was purchased in 1920 by the Acme Packing Company. Acme continued to support the team, which played its first NFL season with "ACME PACKERS" emblazoned on its jerseys. | The Green Bay Packers are called the Packers because in 1920, the team founder, Curly Lambeau asked his employer, the Indian Packing Company for money to help buy uniforms and equipement. In return for the funding, the team was named after the sponser. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Rangi Chase says he would be happy to switch to full-back for Salford, revealing he grew up playing the role in rugby union. The former Castleford and England stand-off won the Man of Steel award in 2011 for his brilliant displays with the number six on his back but an injury crisis has left the Red Devils without three specialist full-backs for Saturday's game against Catalans Dragons in Perpignan. Coach Iesytn Harris has called up youngster Jon Ford in the absence of Kevin Locke, Niall Evalds and Ben Jones-Bishop but admits he is considering moving Chase into the full-back spot. Rangi Chase, pictured in action for England in 2013, could be set to play at full-back for Salford . 'I'll play wherever,' Chase said. 'I grew up playing full-back in rugby union, so I'm not unfamiliar with it. 'Obviously I've not played there for a while but, if I do get put there, I will have to adjust. 'Obviously when we're attacking it doesn't bother me but defensively you've got to make sure you're in the right spots. I've got to make sure my communication is right if I'm back there.' Chase stepped into the full-back role towards the end of last Saturday's game against Hull after Evalds went off with a pulled hamstring and Harris believes he could perform the role from the start against the Dragons. 'Rangi is a versatile player,' Harris said. 'He can play a little bit of nine if he has to, he can play in the halves, he can play at full-back. He's a natural footballer and he generally creates opportunities wherever he plays on the field. 'And he's very much a team player, he wants to do what's best for the team. The most important thing is Rangi being on the field. It's trying to get the balance right within the team.' Wherever he plays on Saturday, Chase's duel with the Catalans' Australian playmaker Todd Carney promises is a mouthwatering prospect, although the player himself is playing it down. 'I'm not bothered if it's Todd Carney or if it's someone else,' Chase said. 'I'm not worried about him and I'm sure he's not worried about me. At the end of the day, I'll just focus on my own game.' Chase was in masterful form as he steered Salford to their first win of the season against Hull but he admits they will be to take a step up against a Dragons team who are near invincible at the Stade Gilbert Brutus. 'It was a good win in the end,' Chase said. 'We had to dig deep for each other and hopefully we can take some confidence from that. We need to build again. 'It is tough going there. They'are an aggressive side and, when they're at home, they grow even more with their support. 'I think the squad they have is the best they've had since I've been here so I'm looking forward to that.' | Rangi Chase reveals he grew up playing full back in rugby union . Could step into that role for Salford as they have injury problems . |
Given the reference text about The Masters, where is the tournament played and what is the name of the golf course? | The Masters Tournament (usually referred to as simply The Masters, or the U.S. Masters outside North America) is one of the four major championships in professional golf. Scheduled for the first full week of April, the Masters is the first major of the year, and unlike the others, it is always held at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private course in the city of Augusta, Georgia, in the southeastern United States.
The Masters was started by amateur champion Bobby Jones and investment banker Clifford Roberts. After his grand slam in 1930, Jones acquired the former plant nursery and co-designed Augusta National with course architect Alister MacKenzie. First played 89 years ago in 1934, the tournament is an official money event on the PGA Tour, the European Tour, and the Japan Golf Tour. The field of players is smaller than those of the other major championships because it is an invitational event, held by the Augusta National Golf Club. | The Masters is played at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. |
Without quoting from the text, can you summarise from wikipedia who Denis-Benjamin Viger was? | Denis-Benjamin Viger (French pronunciation: [dəni bɛ̃ʒamɛ̃ viʒe]; August 19, 1774 – February 13, 1861) was a 19th-century politician, lawyer, businessman in Lower Canada. He was a leader in the Patriote movement.
Viger was part of the militia in the early 19th century and then a captain in the War of 1812. He retired from the militia in 1824 with the rank of major. | Denis-Benjamin Viger was a Canadian 19th century politician, lawyer and businessman who lead the Patriote movement. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Selma, it seems, is everywhere. The Ava DuVernay film of that name continues to draw audiences and plaudits, while this month marks the 50th anniversary of three pivotal civil rights marches from the Alabama city -- the first two stopped by brute force, the third a triumphant procession to the state capital of Montgomery led by Martin Luther King Jr., Ralph Bunche, Maurice Davis and other activists. Now, the events that seared those marches into the American consciousness are the subject of a photography show at the Steven Kasher Gallery in New York. "Selma March 1965" brings together -- for the first time, anywhere -- pictures by three essential witnesses of the civil rights era: James Barker, Spider Martin and the man Kasher calls "the single greatest civil rights photographer" -- Charles Moore. The pictures in the gallery above include Moore's work in Selma and from other parts of the South, including some of the riveting, award-winning photos he made in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963. (Two weeks after his Birmingham pictures appeared in a landmark issue of Life magazine, a letter to the editor succinctly captured the elemental power of Moore's work. The Birmingham pictures, wrote a reader from Indiana, were "superb and bone-chilling.") "The quality, the depth, the sense of reality that he brings to the work is unparalleled," Kasher said of Moore's civil rights shots. Kasher's own bona fides on the topic, meanwhile, are well-established: He's mounted photography shows on the civil rights movement in 30 different public venues since the mid-1990s. "It's important to remember that Charles was a white Alabaman," Kasher said. "He was the photographer at the Montgomery Advertiser -- hardly a bastion of integration -- who became very sympathetic to the movement. I knew Charles pretty well, and he had many sides to him -- sides he was able to reconcile and that allowed him to shoot with a deep understanding of so many different points of view. He was not parachuting into these marches and protests in the South. He had roots there and was fully engaged. "Of course, there are lots of really good pictures of the era by, say, Bruce Davidson, Bob Adelman and others, but they're Northerners -- and I think that shows. There's a sense in many of the photos made in the South by Northern photographers that what they were capturing was somehow exotic. For Charles, this was home." At his very best, Moore invested his pictures with an unsettling intimacy. Whether he was chronicling the overt, graphic suppression of human rights or framing a profoundly human moment -- as in his unforgettable shot of bloodied poet Galway Kinnell in Selma -- Moore's photographs often feel as if he was shooting with Robert Capa's famous dictum ringing in his ears: "If your photographs aren't good enough, you're not close enough." Moore was always, always close enough. John Loengard, who was a staff photographer at Life and later the founding picture editor for People magazine and for Life, the monthly, in the late '70s and '80s, calls Selma "a not particularly dramatic event, photographically." He does, however, have high praise for Moore's Birmingham work, specifically, and his legacy in general. "There's no question that Charlie made some phenomenal pictures," said Loengard -- who, incidentally, took one of the most memorable photos of the civil rights era: a Life cover of Medgar Evers' weeping widow and son at the slain activist's funeral in June 1963. "And he did a terrific job, for example, on a cover story on (Alabama Gov.) George Wallace in the first few months of People." Social media . Follow @CNNPhotos on Twitter to join the conversation about photography. Whatever else Moore might have shot, and however routinely excellent his output over the course of his long career, there's little doubt he'll always be remembered and honored for his work during those fraught years of the early and mid-1960s. "What's especially significant to me about Charles' civil rights work," Kasher said, "is his clear affinity with nonviolence at the same time that he's depicting the irrationality and brutality of the segregationists. "In his famous picture of a police dog attacking a black man in Birmingham in '63, for example, the figure in the photo is a perfect symbol of nonviolence. You know, the man is standing there, taking it, not fighting back, amid this incredible rush of hatred and violence and as another dog is charging right at Moore's -- at the viewer's -- face. It's a terribly complex image, swirling with information, but in the middle of it is this unmistakable emblem of the movement -- an emblem of the power and bravery of civil disobedience." Charles Moore was an American photographer known for his images documenting the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Some of his photos are included in "Selma March 1965," a photography show taking place at New York's Steven Kasher Gallery from March 5 to April 18. | The Steven Kasher Gallery will be showing powerful photos from the 1965 Selma marches . Included are images from the late Charles Moore, whose civil rights work is legendary . |
Extract references to electric fish in ancient texts from the following passage. | Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the "Thunderer of the Nile", and described them as the "protectors" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them.
Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing.
Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature.
Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus ("of amber" or "like amber",, elektron, the Greek word for "amber") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words "electric" and "electricity", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646.
Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges
In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his "On Physical Lines of Force" in 1861 and 1862.
While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life.
In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for "his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels.
The first solid-state device was the "cat's-whisker detector" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor.
Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948. | Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the "Thunderer of the Nile", and described them as the "protectors" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)NASA astronaut Scott Kelly has started a trip to the record books. He plans to spend 342 days on the International Space Station -- the longest stretch of time any U.S. astronaut has spent in space. Kelly lifted off Friday aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket that launched from Kazakhstan. The rocket docked at the ISS at 9:33 p.m. ET, according to a tweet from NASA, with hatches between the Soyuz and the space station scheduled to open about 11:15 p.m. ET. Kelly will stay twice as long as any U.S. astronaut has ever stayed on the space station, giving scientists a chance to study how the human body responds to long-duration space flights. On Earth, scientists will perform parallel studies on Scott Kelly's identical twin brother, retired astronaut Mark Kelly. "It's a lot of fun," Kelly said at a media briefing in January. "Space station is a magical place." Two cosmonauts are riding up with Kelly: Mikhail Kornienko and Gennady Padalka. Kornienko also will stay up for a year. Padalka will only stay up for six months. The trio will join three crew members already on the space station: U.S. astronaut Terry Virts, Russian cosmonaut Anton Shkaplerov and Italian astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti. Other crew members also will rotate in and out during their year in orbit so it will never be just Kelly and Kornienko on the station. Kelly, 51, hopes to break the record for the longest mission on the space station set by NASA astronaut Michael Lopez-Alegria and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin. They spent over seven months on the ISS -- from September 18, 2006, to April 21, 2007. He is expected to spend 342 days off the planet on this mission. When added to his previous space missions, that would give him a total of 522 days in space, breaking the record of U.S. astronaut Mike Fincke. Fincke spent a combined 381 days, 15 hours and 11 minutes in space, according to his official NASA bio. While Kelly shoots to set space station and other U.S. records, Padalka is on schedule to set a record for the most total time in space for a human. He's already spent more than 710 days in space, including stays on Russia's Mir space station and three previous stints on the International Space Station. Why do it? Why stay up on the station so long? NASA wants to know more about the impact of long-duration spaceflights on the human body to help plan missions to Mars and deeper into space. And the space station, in orbit 250 miles above Earth, is the best place available to study that. Spending that much time in a weightless environment will take a toll. NASA says space station astronauts have vision changes, bone loss, muscle atrophy and other problems. NASA says the experiments should have benefits on Earth, such as helping patients recover from long periods of bed rest to improved monitoring of people whose bodies are unable to fight infections. The space station has about the same living space as a six-bedroom, two bathroom house. And it has a 360-degree bay window with a great view. But astronauts and cosmonauts still report feeling isolated and confined at times. Kelly will document his feelings about being away from his two children and the rest of his family. "I'm going to keep a personal journal of the experience," Kelly said. He also will share some of his journal with researchers studying the psychological impacts of long-term space flight. Will he tell all? "I plan to be completely honest about it," he said, but ... "who knows, maybe there are some crazy thoughts I'll have at the end that I wouldn't want to share." Mark Kelly has volunteered for NASA's "Twins Study" to see how the identical twins change over the year in two very different environments. He is the husband of former U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords of Arizona, who left office after being wounded in a January 2011 assassination attempt. "He thinks it's great that he can still be a participant in this," Scott Kelly said. So Mark will be on Earth getting poked and prodded by researchers -- while Scott makes history in orbit. Final candidates announced for one-way trip to Mars . | Scott Kelly aims to set a record for longest stay on the International Space Station . Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka will add to his all-time human spaceflight record . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | TUESDAY . Champion Hurdle, 3.20 . A race dominated by Irish entries, with Jessica Harrington’s defending champion, Jezki, ridden by AP McCoy. But Willie Mullins holds the strongest hand. He has three entries headed by unbeaten favourite Faugheen and dual champion Hurricane Fly. The New One, trained by Nigel Twiston-Davies and ridden by son Sam, bids to atone for last year’s unlucky third. AP McCoy (above riding Jezki) will ride the horse in the Champion Hurdle on Tuesday . WEDNESDAY . Queen Mother Champion Chase, 3.20 . Sprinter Sacre, the 2013 winner, and last year’s champion Sire De Grugy, finally go head to head. They must cope with form horse Dodging Bullets and, with front-runners Special Tiara and dual Festival winner Champagne Fever in the field, it will be fast and furious. Last year's Champion Chase winner Sire De Grugy will finally go head to head with Sprinter Sacre . THURSDAY . World Hurdle, 3.20 . With Rock On Ruby out and Mullins-trained mare Annie Power taking up her entry in Tuesday’s Mares’ Hurdle, the betting is dominated by Paul Nicholls’s pair Saphir Du Rheu and Zarkandar. The champion trainer says there is little between them. There are positive vibes for Nicky Henderson’s Whisper, while best of the Irish looks to be Lieutenant Colonel. Zarkandar (above) and Saphir Du Rheu dominate the betting in the World Hurdle . FRIDAY . Gold Cup, 3.20 . Carlingford Lough is McCoy’s last throw of the dice and he has claims in an open race featuring last year’s winner Lord Windermere, and the three horses who chased him home. They include 2014 fourth-placed Silviniaco Conti. He seems improved with an ulcer problem sorted. The concern is that his best form has been away from Cheltenham. Holywell, Road To Riches, Many Clouds and well-backed Djakadam head the clutch of new kids on the block on an upward form curve who must also be considered. AP McCoy will ride Carlingford Lough (both pictured above) in Friday's Gold Cup . Tuesday . 1.30 L’Ami Serge . 2.05 Vibrato Valtat . 3.20 Faugheen . 4.00 Annie Power . Wednesday . 1.30 Nichols Canyon . 2.05 Don Poli . 2.40 Activial . 3.20 Dodging Bullets . Thursday . 1.30 P tit Zig . 2.05 Big Easy . 2.40 Foxrock . 3.20 Saphir Du Rheu . Friday . 1.30 Peace And Co . 2.40 Black Hercules . 3.20 Many Clouds . 4.40 Le Mercurey . | Cheltenham Festival starts on Tuesday and finishes on Friday . Feature races include Champion Hurdle and the Gold Cup . Sportsmail brings you a guide to the week's big races . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jon Walters is the kind of footballer who holds up an imaginary substitutes’ board when a referee goes down injured, who picks up a matchday programme hurled in his direction and has a flick through. During Stoke’s victory at Aston Villa last month, his reaction to referee Roger East’s attack of cramp was more comic than concerned. It was similar when an irate Newcastle fan chucked the makeshift missile as celebrations followed Peter Crouch’s equaliser. ‘A referee with cramp! Can you believe it?’ chuckles Walters. ‘He needed to come off, didn’t he? The programme was a good read. 10 out of 10. You’ve got to enjoy yourself. When need be, I’ll get stuck in but I play with a smile. Jon Walters spoke about many subjects, including his desire to play in Euro 2016, in a revealing interview . The Stoke City star takes his football seriously but also has a a fun side as his on-field antics show . The 31-year-old striker/winger claims he has mellowed since being involved in a ruck with Roy Keane . ‘It’s the best job in the world, if you don’t enjoy it there’s something wrong.’ That encapsulates Walters, one of the Premier League’s unlikely lads; tough yet funny, revelling in his fifth year as a Premier League player. He is delivering one-liners on the radio that amuse and slightly frighten, suggesting in the wake of the Jonny Evans-Papisse Cisse flare-up that any player who spat in his face will be ‘eating his supper through a straw’. He is laughing about his appearance in Roy Keane’s book during their final fraught days together at Ipswich — ‘a bust-up… effing and blinding’ — having buried the hatchet at Republic of Ireland camps. ‘I knew what was going to be written… it could have been worse,' he says. And he is pleased by having had such a good season after an inauspicious start. Walters became the first Stoke player to score a Premier League hat-trick with his right-foot, left-foot, header combination against Queens Park Rangers in January and was shortlisted for Ireland’s player of the year award. All this after losing his place at Stoke side last summer. His appearance in Ireland’s dramatic 1-1 draw in Germany in October meant he had completed more minutes for country than club: 180 to 139. ‘We were losing games and I wasn’t getting on, that made me worry more than anything,’ admits Walters, 31. ‘I was going away with Ireland asking a few of the lads how many games they’d played. The Championship lads were saying, “15, 20...”. I’d played two. Jesus! ‘Martin O’Neill and Roy Keane showed a lot of faith to play me. Then I came on (for Stoke) against Swansea when we were chasing the game and I scored. Since then I’ve stayed in the team.’ Walters flicks through a matchday programme thrown at him after Peter Crouch scored against Newcastle . The Potters joker found the funny side when referee Roger East was forced to withdraw with cramp . Walters carries the match ball after becoming the first Stoke player to score a Premier League hat-trick . Listening to soothing sounds has helped. ‘Before kick-off, I’ll have my earphones on and be tuning into some classical music,’ Walters says. He lists Pachelbel’s Canon in D Major and material by pianist Ludovico Einaudi as favourites. He should be listening to some strings before playing against Poland in a game Ireland need to win to further their Euro 2016 ambitions. His participation was in doubt after he suffered a fractured cheekbone a fortnight ago but surgery and a protective mask make him available. ‘It’s a massive game,’ he says. ‘It’s a difficult group but it’s in our hands. There will be ups and downs. Germany was a high, scoring in the last minute. The Scotland defeat was a low. Qualifying is the main thing, it doesn’t matter how.’ Walters’s career has been in the ascendancy since he left then League Two side Chester in 2007. He is Stoke’s top scorer in a season that could still lead to a record-breaking points total and Premier League finish. Impressive when you consider the reshaping done by manager Mark Hughes since succeeding Tony Pulis when Walters’s profile seemed not to quite fit. Whether operating up front or, more frequently, on the wing Walters has crafted his game to suit the passing style now employed under Hughes. ‘In terms of evolving I’ve done that my whole career, from youth at Blackburn, then Bolton, going down the leagues and coming back up,’ says Walters. ‘You have to change your game constantly. ‘There are going to be technically better players. You see some very gifted players down the leagues who just haven’t had the luck. ‘I’ll always work hard but I’m not just here on hard work. You have to have a certain amount of ability. I was taught as a striker, all my runs, my movement, getting in the box. I’ve only really taught myself to play as a winger.’ Walters has forced his way back into Martin O'Neill's thinking for the Republic of Ireland . The striker celebrates with John O'Shea after the captain scored a dramatic late equaliser against Germany . Walters gestures to former Arsenal striker Lukas Podolski (right) as he appeals for a penalty . Walters is listed as a midfielder in the Premier League’s fantasy football game. ‘You get the clean sheet bonus, don’t you?’ he quips. That flexibility has certainly aided Walters, who was bought by Pulis for £2.75million in 2010. He believes Stoke are like that, too, able to alter their game to suit situations in a way that Everton, his boyhood team, find tricky. ‘Mark Hughes came in with different ideas and from day one everyone bought into it,’ he says. ‘We play a slightly different way but still retaining that steely grit. ‘Certain teams we play against, sometimes we have to go a bit more direct. We can dig in. Having all those strings to your bow is massive in this league, teams can figure you out. We can change during a game, me included.’ Walters’s view on the game has been coloured by the health issues suffered by his eldest daughter Scarlett, who was born with gastroschisis, a condition in which the intestines protrude outside the abdomen. In 2005 he switched from Championship side Hull to League Two Wrexham so as to be closer to his family on the Wirral when Scarlett needed surgery. ‘I asked to leave to go back home with her as she was so ill,’ he said. ‘I was living in a hospital for three months. It was tough.’ Scarlett, 10, is better now, with a sister and brother aged six and four. Walters has picked himself up too, joining Ipswich in 2007 before Stoke came calling. That move was the reason for his fallout with Keane, who details in his autobiography how Walters did not believe him that no enquiry had been made. ‘There was a bit of shoving,’ writes Keane. ‘I got carried away and Jon got carried away.’ Walters' goal against Swansea City in October saw him cement a regular starting place in Mark Hughes' team . Walters has adjusted his game to make an impression both domestically and internationally this season . Walters had felt compelled to send in a photograph of his vomit to prove he was sick enough to miss an earlier League Cup game. Here, sitting in an armchair at Stoke’s training ground, he smiles knowingly. The pair shook hands after Keane became O’Neill’s assistant. ‘When he first came to Ireland we spoke about it and had a laugh. I get on really well with Roy. I know he can be hard but he’s pretty spot on in what he says.’ Walters tends not to mince words either, choosing that rather graphic turn of phrase to air his views on spitting. He knows though, with team-mate Stephen Ireland’s horrific leg wound in mind, more serious things happen on a pitch. ‘It’s an insult to spit,’ he says. ‘Anything that threatens a career, breaks bones, or seriously injures someone has to be worse.’ Feigning injury does infuriate him. ‘To see people rolling round when they get touched is poor. What annoys me is to think about if two people are going head to head in the street, would one fall over like they’ve been shot?’ Walters has made up with former Ipswich manager Roy Keane after the pair's infamous bust up . The Potters forward nets against Tottenham in November, he has 10 Premier League goals this term . Walters is made from stern stuff and hates it when players feign injury on the football pitch . One creeping concern is his contract, which expires in the summer of 2016. ‘It’s always at the back of your mind. We haven’t had any talks yet. I’m a realist. They’re always looking for someone to replace you. It’s been no different since I’ve been here. ‘The strikers we’ve had in: Eidur Gudjohnsen, Michael Owen, John Carew, Kenwyne Jones, Cameron Jerome, Crouchy is here, Mame Biram Diouf. If the club want to keep me, they will come to me.’ Walters is recently over a mystery knee injury that had troubled him for more than a year and believes he can play until he’s 38. ‘Fitness-wise I tend to do more running, more high-intensity sprints, more recoveries than anyone. We have heart-rate monitors every day. You have to look after yourself off the pitch through diet. I feel great. I have six, seven years, without a shadow of a doubt.’ | Jon Walters is Stoke's leading scorer in the Premier League this season . Forward is expected to play for Ireland in Euro 2016 qualifier vs Poland . A bust up with Roy Keane was highlighted in the former Ipswich manager's autobiography but veteran forward claims to have calmed down now . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Return: Comedienne Tracey Ullman is to comeback to BBC with six-episode sketch show . She made her fortune when her career took off in the US and now comedienne Tracey Ullman is set to mark her UK comeback - with a six-episode of her sketch show on BBC1 . Worth an estimated £75million, the mother-of-two is a far cry from the star who was introduced to the public in Three of a Kind and A Kick Up the EIghties. And thanks to The Tracey Ullman show, she became one of the few British acts to break the American market. Also a Hollywood actress, Miss Ullman said yesterday the BBC had transformed since her original stint at the Corporation. She said: ‘It’s a privilege to be doing this. I still feel as inspired to inhabit people as I did when I was six, standing on the windowsill in my mother’s bedroom, putting on a show. ‘The BBC has changed a bit since the last time I worked here, when it was all men in bow ties who had completed National Service. Now there are a lot more women. Great ones. 'The important things haven’t changed, though. The BBC still provides an environment that allows you to the freedom to create the best shows possible.’ Shane Allen, head of comedy at the BBC, called Miss Ullman’s return to BBC1 a ‘homecoming’ and said: ‘We’ve got Tracey Ullman returning to our screens to do what she does brilliantly – a multi-character sketch show. 'She’s won 7 Emmys for her work and she’s always been the one who got away for British comedy, a huge talent and it’s an enormous privilege to welcome her back to the BBC.’ A source at the BBC added: ‘Tracey is a huge talent who has the comedy world at her feet so for her to choose to come back to the BBC feels like a real coup for the corporation. Before heading across the Atlantic, she had built a career on the stage and then found fame on television among a generation of comics that included Lenny Henry, Rik Mayall, Robbie Coltrane and David Copperfield. But it was not enough for Miss Ullman, who headed to across the Atlantic to forge a new career. With The Tracey Ullman Show in the late 1980s, she became one of the few British acts to successfully break the American market and the first foreign-born female comedian to do so. The variety show not only won a string of top awards, including a Golden Globe, but also gave cartoon The Simpsons its first chance of television as a regular segment on the programme. She is now bringing the programme to the BBC as part of its new comedy line-up, announced yesterday. Other highlights include The Ronnie Barker Comedy Lecture, in which a big comedy name – yet to be announced – will discuss the role the art form has in a free society. Original: The Simpsons Family as they first appeared on the Tracey Ullman Show . Other BBC stalwarts will be making their usual appearances. A programme has been commissioned to mark the 25-year partnership of Harry Enfield, 53, and Paul Whitehouse, 56, and there will also be new offerings from Rory Bremner, 53, and Death in Paradise star Ben Miller, 49. As well as acting, Miss Ullman has appeared in Hollywood films such as The Corpse Bride and Into the Woods, and made her fortune flipping high-value homes in Los Angeles with her husband, Allan McKeown. The Award-winning producer of his wife’s show Tracey Takes On…, Mr McKeown died on Christmas Eve 2013 at the age of 67 from prostate cancer, three days before the couple’s thirtieth wedding anniversary. They had two children, Johnny McKeown, 26, who has followed in his mother’s footsteps to become an actor, and Mabel, 28, who is a manager at charity International Medical Corps and previously worked for Labour’s deputy leader Harriet Harman. She unsuccessful sought selection as the Labour candidate for the Neath constituency, in Wales, at this year’s general election. Early days: Tracey Ullman (middle) with comedian David Copperfield (left) and Lenny Henry with their awards for television programme 'Three of a kind' at the Variety club awards in 1984 . This political inclination towards left-wing politics runs in the family as Miss Ullman is a known Labour supporter and is friends with the party’s former leader Neil Kinnock. While she has gone on to such stellar success, Miss Ullman did not have an easy start to life. She was born in Slough in 1959, to a middle class family. She was the youngest of two daughter born to Polish émigré Anthony Ullman. Mr Ullman was a key figure in the local Eastern European community and sold suits made by his English seamstress wife Dorin. She lost her father at the age of six when he collapsed and died from a heart attack while reading her a bedtime story. His death saw the family’s fortunes change and they moved to Hackbridge, southwest London, where her mother was forced to work a series of odd-jobs to make ends meet. She has previously said of the loss: ‘After he died, our fortunes came and went because Mum couldn’t speak Polish and had to give up the business. 'When I meet other girls who lost their fathers when they were young, I really relate to them. You become independent quickly; I could cope with anything because of that terrible loss.’ Despite struggling for money, Miss Ullman has said her mother would only ever refer to the family as middle class out of a sense of pride and because ‘we had money at one time.’ Mrs Ullman then had an unhappy second marriage and, after it ended, the family moved around the country several times. Miss Ullman always had dreams of performing and would put on shows for her mother with her sister Patti. At 13, she visited a clairvoyant who predicted she would find fame in America. She won a scholarship to respected stage school Italia Conti and, aged 16, she landed her first job dancing in Berlin. The following year she was performing in a show in Blackpool alongside Les Dawson. She said: ‘He was terrific. He had a great brain and he liked smart women. I used to drink scotch and smoke cigarettes with him in his dressing room. ' And he was the first person to say to me: `You know, you’re very funny. You should do more comedy. You won’t be a dancer for ever.’ I remember taking that very seriously.’ She went on to have a short-lived career as a pop singer before marrying Mr McKeown, 15 years her senior, in 1983. A successful producer with interests in Los Angeles as well as London, They moved into Steven Spielberg’s old house in California when she was pregnant with Mabel and she was happy to try her hand at comedy in America. | Found fame alongside comics including Rik Mayall and Lenny Henry . One of first British acts and first comedienne to break American market . Gave The Simpsons first regular slot on The Tracey Ullman show . Much-loved show won seven Emmys and a Golden Globe . Actress who is now worth £75million says it is 'a privilege' to return . Commented on number of 'great' women now working at BBC . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A Los Angeles police officer charged with murder in the shooting death of a local truck driver had his father's help in fleeing California and traveling to Texas, court documents filed Thursday said. Henry Solis, a Los Angeles Police Department rookie, is accused of killing 23-year-old Salome Rodriguez Jr. early in the morning of March 13 in Pomona. Solis disappeared shortly after the shooting. Items left by Solis at the crime scene allowed Pomona police detectives to identify him "as the individual responsible for killing Rodriguez," according to an affidavit signed Thursday by FBI Special Agent Scott Garriola. The document goes on to say that Solis made "incriminating statements about his role in the murder" to friends, family members and others, and said he would never be seen again. The affidavit says his father, Victor Solis, quickly left his home in Lancaster after receiving a call from him. The elder Solis was seen a day later in El Paso, Texas, at the home of family members. He told FBI agents he drove his son to El Paso, dropped him off at a bus station and doesn't know where he is. Federal authorities haven't said if Victor Solis would face charges for helping his son leave California. CNN's Tina Burnside contributed to this report. | Court documents say Henry Solis' father helped him flee California . Victor Solis said he took his son to a bus station in El Paso, Texas . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Members of a middle school basketball team in Wisconsin are set to be honored with a citzenship award after they stepped in to support a cheerleader who was abused by rival fans. Desiree Andrews, who has Down syndrome, is an eight-grade student at Lincoln Middle School in Kenosha. She was performing her duties as a member of the Lady Knight's Cheerleading Squad at a game last year when some members of the crowd started picking on her. Desiree Andrews, who has Down syndrome, was performing her duties as a member of the Lady Knight's Cheerleading Squad at a game last year when some members of the crowd started picking on her . Lincoln Middle School basketball players, from left to right, Chase Varquez, Miles Rodriguez and Scooter Terrien overheard Desiree being abused they called a timeout in their game, walked off the court and confronted the bullies . When basketball players Miles Rodriguez, Scooter Terrien and Chase Vazquez overheard Desiree being abused they called a timeout in their game, walked off the court and confronted the bullies. 'A couple of us went over there and were like, can you guys just stop, that's not right,' Rodriguez told TMJ4. 'Our teammates supported us and they had our backs,' said Terrien. The incident sparked the begining of a beautiful friendship between Desiree and the boys. From then on Desiree – who they call affectionately Dee – got involved in the introduction of the starting lineup for the team. They would also walk her to class and the gym was renamed 'D's House' in her honor. 'We're all created the same. God made us the same way,' said Terrien. Desiree was performing her duties as a member of the Lady Knight's Cheerleading Squad at a game last year when some members of the crowd started picking on her . On Monday the team played their last game in the gymnasium before they all move on to high school. The match was dedicated to Dee and the team chanted, 'Whose house? Dee's house!' Desiree loved every minute of it. 'It was sweet, kind, awesome, amazing,' she said. Her father Cliff Andrews said the team's support for his daughter has 'been a godsend.' 'Those boys, I tried to talk to them in person, but I couldn't keep the tears back,' he told Kenosha News. The story has generated so much positive coverage for the school in the local area that Kenosha City council has announced that it will give the boys a citizenship award next week. They are also being considered for the mayor's youth award. The gymnasium at Lincoln Middle School has been renamed D's House in honor of Desiree Andrews . | Desiree Andrews was performing with the Lady Knight's Cheerleading Squad last year when members of the crowd started picking on her . Members of Lincoln Middle School basketball team overheard the abuse, called a timeout and walked over to confront the bullies . 'A couple of us went over there and were like, can you guys just stop, that's not right,' said Miles Rodriguez . The incident sparked the begining of a beautiful friendship between Desiree and the boys who affectionately call her Dee . The school has renamed the gym 'D's House' and the team is set to be honored with a citzenship award from Kenosha City council . |
What is the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft? | As of 2023 the SR-71 holds the world record it set in 1976 as the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft. | As of 2023 the SR-71 is the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft. It can reach a maximum speed of Mach 3.3 |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | ‘Toxic’ pollen from GM corn can travel miles to contaminate the countryside, researchers claim. Currently, European Union regulators assume pollen from the crop, which has been manipulated to include a toxin that kills pests, can travel only 20 to 40 metres. However, research suggests that significant amounts of the pollen, which harms butterflies and moths, can be carried up to 4.45 kilometres – 2.7 miles – on the wind. Watchdogs have launched an investigation into GM corn following a study showing ‘toxic’ pollen from the plants can travel miles to contaminate the countryside . Critics say that if this is correct the rules must be redrawn to protect the countryside and stop the pollen contaminating conventional and organic farms and food over vast areas. The European Food Safety Authority is now reviewing the approval process for the corn – known as Bt maize – following the German study. Its investigation is particularly important because the European Commission is in the final throes of approving a type of GM maize that was assessed under a safety regime that did not take account of the new information. The researchers measured the spread of pollen from maize crops over ten years at hundreds of sites in Germany, Belgium and Switzerland. They discovered that assumptions that maize pollen is heavy and falls to the ground over a short distance from the plants were spectacularly wrong. The research found the concentration ranged from 23.3million grains of pollen per square metre close to the fields to 2,857 grains at greater distances. Significant amounts of pollen were found more than 2½ miles away. Previous assumptions on pollen dispersal were based on the premise that the air was still, but the German researchers pointed out that these conditions are ‘practically non-existent’ in the real world. They said some studies suggest that the pollen can be lifted high in the air by strong winds and carried for more than 40 miles. The experts, whose research was published in the journal Environmental Sciences Europe, said even small amounts of pollen containing the toxin – as little as four grains – will harm or kill sensitive butterflies and moths. The European Food Safety Authority is reviewing the approval process for the corn – known as Bt maize - following a research study by German academics, while one environmental group called for it to be banned altogether . They concluded that measures would be needed to ensure any GM maize crops are more than half a mile away from sensitive areas of countryside which are home to important populations of butterflies and moths. Mute Schimpf, of Friends of the Earth Europe, said: ‘The only logical and scientific conclusion is to halt the cultivation of all GM maize in Europe.’ Last month, MPs on the science and technology select committee said the term ‘GM food’ should be abandoned because it had become a ‘lightning rod’ for fears about designer crops. Anti-GM groups accused MPs of trying to pull the wool over the eyes of the public. | New evidence shows spread of GM pollen cloud is enormous . Shows commercial farming of GM maize would contaminate vast areas . European Food Safety Authority reviewing approval process for the corn . Eco campaign group Friends of the Earth is calling for it to be banned . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A statue of a sitting Buddha that made its way from a temple in China to a market in the Netherlands revealed an extraordinary secret -- a 1,000-year-old mummified monk. The mummy was discovered, encased in a cavity in the statue, when a private buyer brought it to an expert for restoration. It's unclear when or how the statue was removed from China. But it wasn't until a team of researchers and scientists did a CT scan -- a comprehensive three dimensional x-ray image -- last year, did they discover the mummy's organs were missing. "We thought it would be lung tissue, but instead we found little scraps of paper covered with Chinese characters," said Vincent van Vilsteren, an archaeology curator from Drents Museum. The mummy was found sitting on a bundle of cloth covered in Chinese inscriptions, revealing its identity as a Buddhist monk called Liuquan who may have practiced "self-mummification" to prepare for life after death. The process of self-mummification is a known tradition in countries like Japan, China and Thailand, and was practiced over a thousand years ago. The elaborate and arduous process includes eating a special diet and drinking a poisonous tea so the body would be too toxic to be eaten by maggots. The few monks that were able to successfully complete the process were highly revered. "We suspect that for the first 200 years, the mummy was exposed and worshiped in a Buddhist temple in China... only in the 14th century did they do all the work to transform it into a nice statue," said van Vilsteren. Researchers are still waiting on DNA analysis results in hopes to trace the mummy back to its exact location in China. The statue is now housed in the National Museum of Natural History in Budapest and will move to Luxembourg in May as a part of an international tour. | A mummified monk from China was found inside a Buddha statue . Researchers believe the monk practiced "self-mummification" |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Fabricio Coloccini will miss the Tyne-Wear derby next month, after his appeal against a red card picked up against Everton this week was rejected. The defender was sent off following a lunge on Aaron Lennon in the second half and immediately hit with a three-game ban, ruling him out of the trip to the Stadium of Light on Easter Sunday. And the FA's Indpendent Regulatory Commission decided to reject his claim for wrongful dismissal, keeping him out until April 19. Newcastle lost their appeal over Fabricio Coloccini's red card he picked up during defeat against Everton . Coloccini was sent off for a challenge on Everton's Aaron Lennon and will be banned for three matches . United had felt they had a case for overturning the dismissal but their appeal fell on deaf ears on Tuesday. The club are now left with just one fit centre-back – Mike Williamson – for the games against Arsenal, Sunderland and Liverpool. | Fabricio Coloccini was sent off for a lunge on Everton's Aaron Lennon . Newcastle appeal rejected on Tuesday by independent panel . Coloccini faces a three game ban and will miss games against Arsenal, Sunderland and Liverpool . CLICK HERE for all the latest Newcastle United news . |
Given this reference text about Bougainville Island, what is its land area? | Bougainville Island (Tok Pisin: Bogenvil) is the main island of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, which is part of Papua New Guinea. It was previously the main landmass in the German Empire-associated North Solomons. Its land area is 9,300 km2 (3,600 sq mi). The population of the whole province, including nearby islets such as the Carterets, is approximately 300,000 (2019 census). The highest point is Mount Balbi, on the main island, at 2,715 m (8,907 ft). The much smaller Buka Island, c. 500 km2 (190 sq mi), lies to the north, across the 400–500 m (1,300–1,600 ft) wide Buka Strait. Even though the strait is narrow, there is no bridge across it, but there is a regular ferry service between the key settlements on either side. The main airport (or airstrip) in the north is in the town of Buka. | Its land area is 9,300 km2 (3,600 sq mi). |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Not content with second spot at FIFA's goal of the year award, Republic of Ireland women's forward Stephanie Roche has added another wondergoal to her collection. The 25-year-old came in just behind Colombia forward James Rodriguez's World Cup superstrike in the 2014 Puskas award contenders - and if this effort is anything to go by she could be walking FIFA's red carpet alongside the likes of Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi again this year. Last year Roche took three touches before smashing in from outside the box for Peamount United against Wexford Youths, but this time she needed just two to find the net with a brilliant dipping shot from 20 yards out for the Republic of Ireland against Costa Rica. Stephanie Roche (far left) opens up her body to take down a cross-field ball just outside the penalty area . Having taken a touch to get the ball under control and out of her feet, Roche blasts a shot with her left foot . The Costa Rica has absolutely no chance in stopping the wonderstrike from Roche (now out of shot) Roch (second left) celebrates her strike as her team-mates wheel off to praise her latest wondergoal . Roche (No 12) accepts the plaudits of her team-mates after scoring the Republic of Ireland's first goal . Latching on to a cross-field ball from Diane Caldwell, Roche took a touch to control the ball before striking it in mid-air over the goalkeepers head and into the net. After the game Roche said that her coaches had been telling the side to make sure they improved their finishing. 'Sue (Ronan) and Paul (Martyn) and the rest of the staff have been telling us that we have to finish our chances,' Roche said. Cristiano Ronaldo (left) and Lionel Messi (second left) were with Roche at January's Ballon d'Or ceremony . Roche poses at the Ballon d'Or ceremony in January where she finished second for goal of the year . 'I was glad that I had the opportunity to get the shot off. 'I gave Denise (O’Sullivan) a shout because I knew it was on my better foot, and luckily enough she left it for me and I managed to get it out of my feet and get a shot.' Ireland ran out 2-1 winners with Megan Campbell adding a second goal before a Reid Burke own goal pulled one back for the visitors. | Stephanie Roche scored a brilliant goal for Republic of Ireland women . She was runner-up in the 2014 Puskas awards behind James Rodriguez . This time she took two touches before crashing in left-footed drive . Roche could be at awards with Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi again . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Legendary jockey AP McCoy is hoping to end his career on a high with with victory in the Gold Cup at the Cheltenham Festival. Having recently announced his retirement plans for the end of the season, something which McCoy admitted to the BBC he questions 'every morning', the 40-year-old will ride Carlingford Lough for the final time on Friday, looking to add to two previous Gold Cup victories already. McCoy has previously ridden Carlingford Lough to victory at The Hennessy Gold Cup (2015), Growsie Champion Novice Chase (2014), Fort Leney Novice Chase and Galway Plate (both 2013). AP McCoy rides Jezki during the Stan James Champion Hurdle Challenge Trophy on Tuesday . McCoy lifts the Gold Cup trophy back in 2012 after riding Synchronised to victory . While McCoy might be a reluctant retiree, his decision is probably for the best, given the amount of injuries he has sustained over the past 23 years. The marathon-man has broken his middle and lower vertebrae, both shoulder blades, both collarbones, ribs, ankle, cheekbones, wrist, and leg, to mention numerous chipped teeth and repeated broken fingers. The latest odds place Carlingford Lough at 10/1 to win on Friday. McCoy rides Carlingford Lough on the return after winning The Hennessy Gold Cup earlier this year . | Retiring legendary jockey AP McCoy is hoping to go out on a high . The Gold Cup at Cheltenham on Friday will be his final race . McCoy will be looking to add to two Gold Cup wins already . He has admitted that the decision to retire was a difficult one to make . McCoy will ride Carlingford Lough for the race on Friday . READ: Cheltenham Festival 2015 racing tips day two . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Wales star George North wants to reward Warren Gatland's 'trust' in him after a challenging few months on the international circuit. Juggernaut wing North will win his 48th cap in Saturday's RBS 6 Nations showdown against unbeaten title favourites Ireland at the Millennium Stadium. And the 22-year-old's impressive display when Wales beat France in Paris 11 days ago suggests he is on the way back to recapturing top Test match form. Earlier this term, Wales head coach Gatland called for North to increase his involvement in games, and it did not go unnoticed. Wales winger George North collects a pass in training ahead of the Six Nations clash with Ireland . North is thankful for the 'trust' that Wales coach Warren Gatland has shown in him in recent weeks . Wales centre Jamie Roberts (left) runs with the ball during a training session at the Vale Hotel . Scrum-half Rhys Webb catches the ball in training ahead of Saturday's Six Nations showdown with Ireland . 'For me, it's never a good point if the head coach is not happy with you,' North said. 'That is when you start getting dropped and stuff. 'I felt that Paris was a step forward for me to where I want to be in a Welsh jersey, and hopefully on Saturday I can push forward again and reward his trust.' North has only scored one try in his last seven Tests - against Fiji last November - but at the Millennium Stadium it is a strike-rate of seven touchdowns from 10 starts during the past 16 months. Victory for Wales this weekend would keep them in the Six Nations title mix heading for an appointment with Italy in Rome next week, but recent history suggests that Ireland occupy the box-seat. They have beaten Wales in each of the last two Six Nations campaigns, scoring an aggregate 56 points, while Joe Schmidt's men are currently on an Irish record-equalling run that has realised 10 successive Test wins. North is tackled by England's Jonathan Joseph (left) and Anthony Watson (right) during the Six Nations match . 'If you look at Ireland over the last couple of years in this fixture, they have just been clinical,' North added. 'Over the past two years they have been very good at finishing games off. They take their chances when they can, and we have lacked that composure when it has come to the crunch. 'They are 10 (wins) from 10, which is unbelievable. 'They have got a lot of confidence now, they execute their game-plan very well and they are a side that knows what they want to do and where they want to go, and everyone has bought into that ethos. 'We don't need to big the game up more than it is. It's a massive game for Ireland, going for the Grand Slam, and for us it will be a great Test match here in Cardiff.' North (pictured here in 2014) will win his 48th cap for Wales if he plays against Ireland at the weekend . Wales, meanwhile, will be captained by flanker Sam Warburton for the 34th time as he overtakes Ryan Jones' Welsh record, and North said: 'It's exceptional for Sam. 'He is a quality player and leads from the front, and as a captain you cannot ask for any more. 'With someone like Sam it's not necessarily what he says, it's the actions he does. He is the kind of man who will never ask you to do something he wouldn't do himself. 'In training, he is not someone who stands up and gives a 20-minute speech and everyone gets up and starts screaming. 'It's more of a kind of chat that is to the point and is no more or no less than what it needs to be.' Wales flanker Sam Warburton will captain his country for a record 34th time against Ireland on Saturday . | George North is thankful to Wales coach Warren Gatland for his selection . North will win his 48th cap for his country against Ireland on Saturday . The 22-year-old gave an impressive display against France last time out . Ireland are favourites for the Six Nations title and are unbeaten this year . |
Can you describe what team effectiveness is? | Team effectiveness (also referred to as group effectiveness) is the capacity a team has to accomplish the goals or objectives administered by an authorized personnel or the organization. A team is a collection of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, and view themselves as a unit embedded in an institutional or organizational system which operates within the established boundaries of that system. Teams and groups have established a synonymous relationship within the confines of processes and research relating to their effectiveness (i.e. group cohesiveness, teamwork) while still maintaining their independence as two separate units, as groups and their members are independent of each other's role, skill, knowledge or purpose versus teams and their members, who are interdependent upon each other's role, skill, knowledge and purpose. | Team effectiveness is the capacity a team has to achieve the goals set for that team. Teams are considered more or less effective based on their ability to achieve their goals and objectives. Teams are comprised of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, and view themselves as a unit embedded in an institutional or organizational system which operates within the boundaries of that system. |
What is the name of the major school of praxiology not developed by Ludwig von Mises | In philosophy, praxeology or praxiology (/ˌpræksiˈɒlədʒi/; from Ancient Greek πρᾶξις (praxis) 'deed, action', and -λογία (-logia) 'study of') is the theory of human action, based on the notion that humans engage in purposeful behavior, contrary to reflexive behavior and other unintentional behavior.
French social philosopher Alfred Espinas gave the term its modern meaning, and praxeology was developed independently by two principal groups: the Austrian school, led by Ludwig von Mises, and the Polish school, led by Tadeusz Kotarbiński. | The major school of praxiology not developed by Ludwig von Mises is the Polish school, which was led by Tadeusz Kotarbiński. |
What is The Sixth Extinction (The X-Files)? | "The Sixth Extinction" is the first episode of the seventh season of the science fiction television series The X-Files. It was first shown on the Fox network on November 7, 1999, in the United States. The episode was written by Chris Carter and directed by Kim Manners. "The Sixth Extinction" earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.6, being watched by 17.82 million people in its initial broadcast. The episode received mixed to positive reviews from critics.
The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. Mulder is a believer in the paranormal, while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work. In the episode, Assistant Director Walter Skinner (Mitch Pileggi) and Michael Kritschgau (John Finn) work desperately in an attempt to discover what is wrong with Mulder, whose abnormal brain activity has rendered him imprisoned in his own head, but they are unaware of Agent Diana Fowley’s (Mimi Rogers) duplicity. In the meanwhile, Scully is hunting for an ancient artifact in Africa.
"The Sixth Extinction" helped to explore new aspects of the series' overarching mythology and was the second episode in a trilogy of episodes featuring Mulder's severe reaction to the appearance of an alien artifact. The episode was written due to series creator Chris Carter's fascination with the possibility that extraterrestrials were involved in the great extinctions that had happened millions of years ago. | "The Sixth Extinction" is the first episode of the seventh season of the science fiction television series The X-Files. It was first shown on the Fox network on November 7, 1999, in the United States. "The Sixth Extinction" helped to explore new aspects of the series' overarching mythology. The episode was written by Chris Carter and directed by Kim Manners. "The Sixth Extinction" earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.6, being watched by 17.82 million people in its initial broadcast. The episode received mixed to positive reviews from critics. |
What is the Monument to the Victims of the Holocaust? | The Monument to the Victims of the Holocaust (Spanish: Monumento a las víctimas del Holocausto) is a monument in Madrid, Spain, in memory of the victims of the Holocaust during World War II. It is located in the Three Cultures Garden (Spanish: Jardín de las Tres Culturas) in Juan Carlos I Park. Inaugurated in 2007, the monument was the first Holocaust memorial in Spain. | The Monument to the Victims of the Holocaust honors the memory of the victims of the Holocaust during World War II and is located in Madrid, Spain. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | If Saturday night’s victory over Ireland does prove to be Shaun Edwards’ final RBS 6 Nations hoorah in Cardiff, then the former rugby league man could not have picked a finer evening to bow out. The Wales defence coach is out of contract after the World Cup and his players delivered a tackling masterclass at the Millennium Stadium. They repelled wave after wave of attacks to send Ireland’s Grand Slam ambitions up in smoke, providing the 48-year-old with one of his finest hours behind the glass wall of the tactical box. Made from stuff the local steelworks would be proud of, his Welsh rearguard saw off almost 50 phases in seven second-half minutes to set up a three-way title showdown in the final weekend. Shaun Edwards and his players delivered a tackling masterclass at the Millennium Stadium against Ireland . Cian Healy is held up by the huge Welsh defensive effort on Saturday, with the home side winning 23-16 . VIDEO Wales dash Ireland's Grand Slam hopes . ‘Only a Six Nations game can bring the emotion out like that,’ said Edwards. ‘Potentially it could be my last Six Nations game with Wales. If it ends up being that way, it was a great way to sign off. ‘It was a victory for team effort and fitness. To keep tackling for that long, you have to be fit. Our attack was very good in the first 20 minutes and it was an incredible Test match. Ireland are a team that never ever give in; they are coming back at you all the time. It was everything that is good about the Six Nations.’ Edwards punched the air in delight on the final whistle. His players racked up a record count of 250 tackles — missing just 22. It did little to damn the notion that northern-hemisphere rugby is geared towards defence, but there was no question about the entertainment value, with the absorbing close-quarter battles making for the best tie of the championship. Taulupe Faletau puts in one of Wales' 150 tackles on a superb defensive display by Edwards' men . The win over Ireland could be Edwards' last RBS 6 Nations game in Cardiff, it was a good way to bow out . ‘To defend in your own 22 for nine and a half minutes and concede one try from a maul is a great credit to the lads,’ said Edwards. ‘We kept getting off the floor and into position very quickly, which is a massive part of your defence. If you are on the floor, you are out of the game. ‘Our tackling, in particular our leg chops, was of the highest order. The best form of defence is having the ball, but some periods in a Test match you are going to be asked to defend. I said to the players during the week that potentially we would have to make 150 to 200 tackles.’ His predictions were right. Ireland had 66 per cent of the possession but lacked the wherewithal to break through the wall of red. The bruising hits took their toll on the hosts, with Wales going into their defining tie against Italy with injury worries in the front row, where Samson Lee (achilles) and Gethin Jenkins (hamstring) are expected to miss out, while Richard Hibbard will also face concussion tests. Simon Zebo is sent flying by a tackle as Ireland fail to break the Welsh despite having a lot of possession . Ireland's Sean O'Brien keeps a grip on the ball but the Welsh defence was brilliant at the Millennium Stadium . Jamie Roberts is also doubtful after suffering a blow to the head. The centre is likely to be replaced by Scott Williams, who scored Wales’ only try on Saturday and is in line for his first start of the competition. With Wales needing to improve their points difference in the championship race, the Scarlets midfielder will be expected to add an attacking edge in Rome. With Wales being the early kick-off this weekend, it will be a case of hit and hope as they watch other results unfold. They have won their last seven games against Italy by an average of 17 points, although an even greater victory is likely to be the minimum requirement at the Stadio Olimpico. ‘We have given ourselves a fighting chance to go out to Rome and win this title again,’ said fly-half Dan Biggar. ‘If we can win it, after everybody writing us off when we lost at home to England, it will be one of this team’s best achievements. Maybe Scotland can do us a favour at home to Ireland and France against England at Twickenham. We know we have to score some points in Italy.’ Luke Charteris (right) celebrates with Liam Williams at full time after a Championship-defining victory . | Wales beat Ireland 23-16 in Cardiff in the RBS 6 Nations on Saturday . The home side made 250 tackles, delighting their defence coach . Shaun Edwards is out of contract after this year's World Cup . Win over Ireland could be his last Six Nations game with Wales in Cardiff . Edwards calls the win a 'victory for team effort and fitness' Wales missed just 22 tackles in an absorbing game of Six Nations rugby . Samson Lee and Gethin Jenkins are expected to miss clash with Italy . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Liverpool forward Raheem Sterling has shelved contract talks until the end of the season. The development casts further doubt over the England international’s long-term future at Anfield. Sterling has been locked in talks over a contract extension for several months but the 20-year-old has told club officials he wants to focus on the remainder of Liverpool’s Premier League season and on winning the FA Cup. Liverpool forward Raheem Sterling has postponed talks over a new contract until the end of the season . The development casts further doubt over the England international’s long-term future at Anfield . Appearances this season: 39 . Goals: 10 . The news will be met with anxiety by club chiefs, who are desperate to secure Sterling on a long-term deal and the next round of talks, when they recommence in the summer, will be critical, with his existing £35,000-per-week deal expiring in 2017. Given Sterling’s status as one of Europe’s top emerging talents, Real Madrid and Bayern Munich are watching on closely. Likewise, Premier League clubs will also enter the race if it becomes clear Sterling is available. Liverpool ace Sterling has been locked in talks over a contract extension for several months now . Sterling has told club officials he wants to focus on the remainder of Liverpool’s Premier League season . Bayern Munich and Real Madrid are keeping a very close eye on the talented Liverpool youngster . Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers claims Sterling has been offered an ‘incredible deal’ — which is understood to be close to £100,000-per-week. Rodgers has previously insisted Sterling is close to putting pen to paper, but as it stands there is no agreement. The Anfield boss has called the Jamaican-born forward the best young player in Europe and is under increasing pressure to ensure the club keep their jewel in the crown. Whether Liverpool finish in the top four is likely to be a factor in Sterling’s decision. The pacy attacker is said to have been offered a deal worth close to £100,000 per week to stay at Anfield . Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers is keen to tie down the 20-year-old to a new contract at Anfield . Liverpool manager Rodgers has described the Jamaican-born forward as the best young player in Europe . | Raheem Sterling has put contract talks on hold until the end of the season . Liverpool are said to have offered the youngster close to £100,000-a-week . But Sterling has told officials he wants to concentrate on his football . Bayern Munich and Real Madrid have been keeping tabs on the 20-year-old . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Russia's Sergey Kovalev stopped Canada's Jean Pascal early in the eighth round Saturday night to retain his three world light heavyweight titles. The large Bell Centre crowd booed when referee Luis Pabon stopped the fight, with the dazed Pascal (29-3-1) against the ropes from a series of blows from Kovalev (27-0-1). And the Canadian wasn't happy with the stoppage, immediately calling for a rematch after the bout was stopped, insisting: 'I was still in the fight. Sergey Kovalev retained his three world light heavyweight titles after victory over Jean Pascal . Kovalev's arm is lifted aloft by the fight referee after stopping Pascal in the eighth round . Russian Kovalev retained his WBA, WBO and IBF titles during the bout in Montreal . Kovalev (right) lands a right to the head of Canadian Pascal during the light heavyweight bout . The Russian Kovalev (left) lands a left to Pascal's body during the unified bout in Montreal . The fight was the first time that Pascal (right) had been stopped in his career . 'Kovalev looked to have won seven of the eight rounds in the scheduled 12-round bout. 'How I started I didn't like,' said Kovalev. 'But after the fourth round I got control of Jean and what you saw -- I got him with a good right hand and he lost.' Kovalev retained his WBA, WBO and IBF titles. Pascal, the former WBC champion from Montreal, was stopped for the first time in his career. Kovalev (left) hands a head shot on Pascal with his right during the fight at the Bell Centre . Kovalev (right) gets a punch with his right to the head of Pascal as his opponent tries to avoid it . Canadian Pascal (right) lands a body shot on Kovalev during their championship bout . Pascal looks dazed in his corner as he is given a pep talk during the fight at the Bell Centre . Pascal gets the standing count from the referee after falling in the third round of the fight . | Sergey Kovalev retains three world light heavyweight titles . Russian stopped Canadian Jean Pascal in the eighth round . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (CNN)Jaquita Gonzales still tries to call her husband on his cellphone. A pair of work shoes still sits outside the front door of their home in Kuala Lumpur waiting to be reclaimed. His uniform still hangs in a cupboard. Twelve months after Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 vanished without a trace, Gonzales hasn't given up hope. She can't. Neither can her children, other family members and friends. Not until there is some conclusive evidence on the fate of the airliner -- one way or another. "Now and then, every once in a while I call his phone and it goes to voicemail," she says. "You never know, he might pick it up, or someone who has them would let them have the phone and you know, the hope is still there." She's not alone. Families of victims we spoke to hold on to the slimmest belief that MH370, which disappeared barely an hour into its flight from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing on March 8 last year, did not crash and that the 239 passengers and crew on board are alive. "No evidence means there is still a little bit of hope. We tap into that hope in order to go on day by day," says Gonzales. But she lives a life in limbo. Neither able to move on, nor go back. Her comfortable home in the suburbs of Malaysia's capital remains virtually the same since her husband of nearly 30 years, Patrick Gomes, left for work on the evening of March 7 as lead purser on the MH370 red-eye bound for the Chinese capital. The only real sign that time has moved on, amid the family photos and plaques celebrating her husband's work achievements is a newspaper on top of a stack in the living room with the word "LOST" splashed across its front page. Gonzales' lifeline, apart from family, is her work. She runs a private school and daycare center for about 70 children and spends about 12 hours a day there. Keeping busy, she says, keeps her sane. But not a day goes by without her thinking of Patrick. "I can be driving and I just have to pull off the road and weep. Everywhere I go I see Patrick," she says. "In our home, with my children, with our friends. There are so many times around the home when I say Patrick you are supposed to be doing this for me, where are you. He helped me with ironing, with cooking." Like Gonzales, many other families CNN has spoken to say they live in hope that their loved one are still alive even though it seems now a virtual impossibility. But along with hope and the pain, many families also share a deep anger. Anger at the Malaysian authorities and Malaysia Airlines who, Gonzales says, are ignoring them. Requests for information are unanswered and attempts to talk to key officials are rebuffed, she says. Grace Nathan's mother was on MH370. For almost a year she and her family grieved in private. But now she has gone public after what she describes as the Malaysian authorities continued "mishandling" of the disappearance. "There is a lack of transparency, a lack of communications between us and the relevant authorities,' she says. "Whenever we've written to them or asked them for answers they have never replied. "It's not like they haven't learned. I would put it that they just don't care. They just want to move on. They don't really care about what we feel or what we have to say." One recent decision by Malaysian authorities has caused bitter resentment among many families. In late January, the government televised a pre-recorded announcement from the civil aviation chief that the passengers and crew of MH370 were "presumed lost" after the plane crashed as a result of an accident. Families were not been given any advance warning of the announcement and, even though it clears the way for compensation claims, they say there is just no evidence to support the statement. It also came just before Chinese New Year, a time of celebration. More than 150 passengers on the flight were Chinese nationals. To add insult to injury, families say, the government had planned to make the announcement at a press conference but canceled the briefing when next-of-kin rushed to the venue. Nathan says she only heard that the government was planning to make the statement when local media rang her. "They rang to say 'can we come and record your reaction when this declaration is made?' Our reaction was 'what declaration?' We didn't know anything about it. "I haven't spoken to the media at all since the accident happened but after that treatment I decided it was time that we said something. It was a group decision that we speak to the media because (the authorities) never respond to anything we write to them or ask them about," she adds. CNN contacted both the Malaysian Government and Malaysia Airlines for a response to the families' claims, but did not receive an answer. For relatives like Gonzales and Nathan, each day is a struggle, a struggle to stop being overwhelmed by memories. "I am just going through the motions,' says Grace. "I am dead inside, I have stopped being happy. Every day basically I just force myself to get through the day." | Jaquita Gonzales' husband was a member of the cabin crew on board MH370 . She says she's unable to move on until she knows what happened to plane . She's one of many relatives of passengers who are angry with how authorities have treated them . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | David Cameron should drop his pledge to reduce net migration to ‘tens of thousands’ ahead of the election, senior Tories say. The Prime Minister had promised to get the figure below 100,000 – ‘no ifs, no buts’ – four years ago. Last week, however, the number moving to Britain exceeded the number leaving by a record margin of nearly 300,000. Scroll down for video . Prime Minister David Cameron has been urged to drop his pledge to reduce net migration to 'tens of thousands' ahead of the election by senior Tories . Net long-term migration to the UK was estimated to be 298,000 in the year ending September 2014, a major rise on the 210,000 figure a year earlier . Mr Cameron has conceded defeat on his pledge but he and Home Secretary Theresa May insist they will try to hit the sub-100,000 target if they stay in power. The issue has caused divisions at the top of the Tory Party with Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt, Communities Secretary Eric Pickles and Chancellor George Osborne reportedly expressing their doubts. A friend of Mr Osborne said his ‘instincts are very different’ from Mr Cameron’s. Ken Clarke, who has served as a minister under Mr Cameron, said the entire pledge had been a mistake. ‘We will have to drop the target,’ he told the Times newspaper. ‘It would not be possible to achieve it without damaging our economy quite severely. ‘I’m afraid that the net migration target has proved to be a mistake.’ Baroness Warsi, the former foreign office minister, warned that the failure to meet the target risked undermining the Conservatives’ wider credibility. ‘If you set yourself unrealistic targets you are setting yourself up to fail and, in the long term, turn the whole thing into a bigger issue by fuelling the perception that the Government can’t get a grip,’ she said. Dropping the target will fuel the feeling among Eurosceptic backbenchers that the only way to cut immigration is to leave the European Union. Mr Cameron has acknowledged that the reason immigrants want to come to Britain is because of the recovering economy and strong prospects of work. He has spoken of the need for reform of free movement rules in the EU, but the leaders of other member states, particularly Germany’s Angela Merkel, have made it clear they will not budge on this point. Former minister Ken Clarke has said that the entire migration pledge has been a mistake and not possible to achieve without damaging the country's economy . The latest figures, which put net migration at 298,000 for the year ending in last September, would have exceeded 100,000 even without immigration from within Europe. Polls suggest the public are increasingly concerned about levels of immigration, which has fuelled support for Ukip. The latest YouGov survey suggests 75 per cent of voters think the numbers coming in are too high. A former strategist in Downing Street told the Times that the Prime Minister was exasperated with the dissent over his policy, saying: ‘Why on earth are the only people who are really committed to our policy me and Theresa May?’ Last week Number 10 said Mr Cameron was ‘disappointed’ with the latest figures. Immigration minister James Brokenshire said: ‘Uncontrolled, mass immigration makes it difficult to maintain social cohesion, puts pressure on public services and can force down wages. ‘That’s why this Government is working to reduce net migration.’ When Mr Cameron entered Downing Street in May 2010 net migration was running at 244,000. The 298,000 figure has been surpassed only once, in 2005. The majority of EU migrants now come from Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece and France, which all have moribund economies and high youth unemployment. | Prime Minster has been urged to drop his pledge to reduce net migration . David Cameron had promised to get the figure below 100,000 4 years ago . But the number moving to Britain has exceeded those leaving the country . The PM has conceded defeat but will try to get migration under 100,000 . Some senior Tories have expressed their doubts with continuing the plans . Former minister Ken Clarke has said the entire pledge had been 'a mistake' |
Who starred in Godfather Part II | The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American epic crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The film is partially based on the 1969 novel The Godfather by Mario Puzo, who co-wrote the screenplay with Coppola, and it is both a sequel and a prequel to the 1972 film The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Al Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (Robert De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City. The ensemble cast also features Robert Duvall, Diane Keaton, Talia Shire, Morgana King, John Cazale, Mariana Hill, and Lee Strasberg. | Following the success of the first film, Paramount Pictures began developing a follow-up, with many of the cast and crew returning. Coppola, who was given more creative control, had wanted to make both a sequel and a prequel to The Godfather that would tell the story of the rise of Vito and the fall of Michael. Principal photography began in October 1973 and wrapped up in June 1974. The Godfather Part II premiered in New York City on December 12, 1974, and was released in the United States on December 20, 1974, receiving divided reviews from critics; its reputation, however, improved rapidly, and it soon became the subject of critical re-appraisal. It grossed $48 million in the United States and Canada and up to $93 million worldwide on a $13 million budget. The film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards, and became the first sequel to win Best Picture. Its six Oscar wins also included Best Director for Coppola, Best Supporting Actor for De Niro and Best Adapted Screenplay for Coppola and Puzo. Pacino won Best Actor at the BAFTAs and was nominated at the Oscars.
Like its predecessor, Part II remains a highly influential film, especially in the gangster genre. It is considered to be one of the greatest films of all time, as well as the rare example of a sequel that may be superior to its predecessor. In 1997, the American Film Institute ranked it as the 32nd-greatest film in American film history and it retained this position 10 years later. It was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 1993, being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". The Godfather Part III, the final installment in the trilogy, was released in 1990. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Most little girls will exchange bracelets and gifts with their closest friends, but one eight-year-old has been receiving trinkets from a more unusual source - the birds in her garden. Gabi Mann, from Seattle, Washington, feeds the crows that visit her home with peanuts and they bring her gifts in exchange. The youngster has built up collection of more than 70 shiny beads, buttons, pieces of metal, brightly coloured plastic and foam - all left for her by her corvid companions. Scroll down for video and listen to an interview with Gabi . Gabi Mann (above) leaves peanuts out for the crows in her neighbourhood and in return they leave her gifts . Perhaps the most touching is a metal fragment with the word 'best' written on it - one half of a pendant that would be completed by the word 'friend' if reunited with the other part. Among her most prized presents from the neighbourhood crows is a pearl-coloured heart. 'It's showing me how much they love me,' Gabi told the podcast The BitterSweet Life and the BBC. 'They give me all the special stuff you could ever find. 'We know these are from the crows that sometimes they are rusted and dirty and nothing like what a person would carry around. Sometimes we find them on the bird feeder.' The image above shows just some of Gabi's favourite items left for her by birds in exchange for peanuts . Gabi and her mother leave nuts for the crows on a bird feeder (above) along with fresh water in a water bath . Listen to the full podcast by The BitterSweet Life when they visited Gabi and her mother Lisa in Seattle . Her strange relationship with the birds began in 2011 when as a four-year-old she would accidentally drop food. Groups of crows began loitering around the family house hoping to pick up the scraps Gabi left behind. When she started going to school, Gabi began feeding them her lunch. The birds then started lining up to wait for the youngster to get off her bus at the end of the school day. Two years later Gabi and her mother Lisa began leaving food outside in their garden on a daily basis - filling the bird bath with water and leaving peanuts on feeders. Members of the crow family are known to be among the cleverest of birds, but scientists are finding that they may have intelligence that rivals most mammals and even young children. An experiment by the University of Cambridge showed that crows can perform task that three and four-year-old children have difficulty with. Scientists said that, while having very different brain structures, both crows and primates use a combination of mental tools, including imagination and the anticipation of possible future events, to solve similar problems. Other experiments involving the same family of birds found that Caledonian crows can use up to three tools in sequence to obtain food. A study also found that rooks can use stones to raise the level of water in a vessel in order to bring a floating worm into reach. Urban-living carrion crows have been witnessed learning to use road traffic for cracking nuts. The problem-solving creature performed the series of tasks without seeing the fiendishly difficult set up of the course beforehand. The wild crow learned to use individual props during its three months of captivity but had to work out the order in which to use them to complete the challenge and get an inaccessible treat. The animal was later released. In another astonishing test set up by BBC Two, a crow called 007 completed an eight stage puzzle in two and a half minutes. It is one of the most complex tests of the animal mind ever devised. The programme shows 007 the crow completing the eight stage puzzle in approximately two-and-a-half minutes. The individual processes are detailed in this diagram . As Gabi throws the food for the birds, crowds of crows - known as a murder - gather on telephone lines and the nearby fence. In return the crows now leave trinkets on the empty bird feeder - including a broken light bulb, earrings, pieces of Lego, rusted screws, polished rocks and glass beads. Gabi keeps all of the bits in carefully labelled pots and ranks them according to her favourite. She said: 'I think they know my favourite colour - blue. They know that I like Lego and shiny things. They are my type.' Crows are known to be highly intelligent creatures - capable of solving complex puzzles and problems to obtain food. Experts say they can often form strong bonds with people that feed them, but equally can mark out those that they consider a threat. People who have thrown stones at crows or tried to help an injured chick can find themselves mobbed by the creatures for weeks or even years afterwards. In perhaps the most astonishing story, however, Gabi's mother Lisa describes how the crows in their neighbourhood appear to keep watch over the family. Lisa Mann and her daughter Gabi (above) have formed a unique bond with the crows in their neighbourhood . She said that on one occassion she had been out taking photographs of an eagle when she dropped her lens cap on the floor and forgot to pick it up before walking home. She said: 'About an hour later I went back outside to see if I could find it and a crow had put it on the side of one of the bird baths. 'I looked at the surveillence video to find out if it was a crow and you can see it bring it into the yard, walk it to the bird bath and spends time rinsing the lens cap and puts it on the side of the bird bath. It was pretty impressive. 'I'm sure it was intentional. They watch us all the time.' Gabi Mann keeps her collection of gifts from the birds carefully arranged in bags and pots shown above . Gabi herself believes her relationship with the crows has given her a special bond with the natural world and calls herself Nature Girl. She is highly protective of the gifts she has received from the birds, not allowing anyone to touch the trinkets. Her mother said: 'For the most part the common denominator is that they are shiney and small enough to fit in their mouth.' Professor John Marzluff, an expert on avian social ecology at the University of Washington, said he believes the crows may be offering up the gifts as they would to a potential mate. Speaking to The BitterSweet Life podcast, he said: 'I have seen an awful lot of things crows bring people. They do bring gifts whether it is always going to happen, I don't think so. The crows regularly carry gifts, like above, to the water bath and bird feeder in the family's garden after eating . 'Certain individual crows the bond they form with that person might be more of a courtship bond where they are bringing presents like they would for their mates. 'For some people they are dead baby birds and other people they get shiny pendants or beautiful glass.' For anyone hoping to form a bond with some corvids, he has some advice. 'The best thing you can do if you want to form a bond with a crow is to be consistent in rewarding them for whatever the action is with a few peanuts in the shell,' he said. 'They like that food as it is a high fat high energy food and it makes noise when you throw it on the ground.They quickly habituate to your routine. They will follow you.' | Gabi Mann lives in Seattle, Washington, where local crows bring her gifts . The birds began following her after finding she accidentally dropped food . In 2013 she began leaving food for the neighbourhood crows in her garden . The birds have brought her more than 70 beads, buttons and piece of metal . Her most prized present is a heart-shaped pendant left on the feeding table . Another of her favourites is half a friendship pendant with the word 'best' Experts say the birds may be bringing her presents as they would a mate . |
What is the world's oldest annual marathon based on the reference text below? | The Boston Marathon began on 19 April 1897, and was inspired by the success of the first marathon competition in the 1896 Summer Olympics. It is the world's oldest run annual marathon, and ranks as one of the world's most prestigious road racing events. Its course runs from Hopkinton in southern Middlesex County, to Copley Square in Boston. Johnny Hayes' victory at the 1908 Summer Olympics also contributed to the early growth of long-distance running and marathoning in the United States. Later that year, races around the holiday season including the Empire City Marathon held on New Year's Day 1909 in Yonkers, New York, marked the early running craze referred to as "marathon mania". Following the 1908 Olympics, the first five amateur marathons in New York City were held on days that held special meanings: Thanksgiving Day, the day after Christmas, New Year's Day, Washington's Birthday, and Lincoln's Birthday.
Frank Shorter's victory in the marathon at the 1972 Summer Olympics would spur national enthusiasm for the sport more intense than that which followed Hayes' win 64 years earlier. In 2014, an estimated 550,600 runners completed a marathon within the United States. This can be compared to 143,000 in 1980. Today marathons are held all around the world on a nearly weekly basis. | The Boston Marathon is the world's oldest annual marathon, beginning on April 19th 1897. |
Who does what in U2? | U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin, formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion). Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style has evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's chiming, effects-based guitar sounds. Bono's lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes. Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career. | The rock band U2 features Bono on lead vocals and guitar, the Edge on lead guitar, keyboard and vocals, Adam Clayton on bass guitar and Larry Mullen Jr. on drums and percussion. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Road rage has become a major problem across the world, but in Australia the first example of road reassurance may have taken place. Motorcyclist Mathew Sant was travelling along Canberra Avenue toward the city on Tuesday in an 80km/h zone when he was rear-ended. Instead of reacting furiously though, he gave the guilty driver a thumbs up. 'Traffic had backed up ahead and come to a stop,' he said on YouTube after uploading a video of what happened. All things seem to be going well as motorcyclist Mathew Sant stops in traffic along Canberra Avenue . Suddenly he is thrown in the air off his motorbike after getting rear-ended by a car . Instead of losing his temper at what happened Mr Sant gives the driver a thumbs up . To make it even clearer there are no hard feelings he shakes the driver's hand . 'As I came to a stop I checked my mirror and moved to the right of the road in case the car behind wasn't paying attention. 'I saw him come to a stop and relaxed, looking away. The next thing I knew I was looking at the sky.' In the YouTube video Mr Sant is seen going steadily along, minding his own business, in a lane of traffic and all seems to be going well. However, after coming to a standstill because the cars in front have stopped, a car comes up behind the motorcyclist and crashes into the back of him. It's only when he looks back that he sees the rest of the carnage that has taken place . Mr Sant would have been within his rights to give the driver what for, but flashes him a thumbs up instead. It's the last thing the driver expects and he asks worriedly: 'Are you all right mate?' Even then Mr Sant remains cool and composed. He shakes hands with the driver and laughs at all that just happened. It is only then that the motorcyclist walks back to see the carnage that occurred behind him. Mr Sant has then a chance to see how lucky he was after the accident . After breathing a sigh of relief he thanks his lucky stars the accident didn't turn out to be worse . He soon realises that he wasn't the only victim as the initial crash caused a three-car pile up, with other motors badly damaged. After surveying the scene the reality of how lucky he was finally dawns on him. 'I can't believe I'm all right,' he says thankfully. | Motorcyclist Mathew Sant was travelling along Canberra Avenue . After stopping in a row of traffic he was suddenly rear-ended . But instead of losing his temper he just gives the driver a thumbs up . To make it clearer there are no hard feelings he shakes the driver's hand . The initial crash caused a three-car pile up with other motors . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | He's about to make the biggest move of his life, trading his long career with Liverpool FC for US club Los Angeles Galaxy. And Steven Gerrard looks just about ready to live in the lap of luxury when he relocates to the West coast of the States this summer with his family. One sprawling Malibu mansion the footballer has reportedly viewed with wife Alex and children has been unveiled, an outstanding property overlooking the ocean which used to belong to The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills star Yolanda Foster. Scroll down for video . Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard and his family are set to move into this sprawling mansion overlooking the Pacific Ocean when he relocates to Los Angeles to play for LA Galaxy in June . Gerrard (left) with his daughters and wife Alex are looking forward to their big move later this year . The Liverpool captain is set to end his 17-year career with the club at the end of the season . The 34-year-old (right) will be leaving his boyhood side for LA Galaxy on an 18-month deal in early June . The family will reside in Los Angeles for 18 months while he plays out his contract with the team, and although it's a long way from his home in Merseyside, there's no doubt the family will feel incredibly comfortable in the not-so-humble abode. Reportedly worth $25m - £16.8m - the luxurious pad is said to have been offered to the midfielder, 34, by his new football club, who'll foot the $20,000 a week (£13,400) rent over the 18-month period he's signed to the team. Steven, along with his model wife Alex, 32, and their daughters Lilly-Ella, ten, eight-year-old Lexie and Lourdes, three, are already said to be building themselves a £3million five-bedroom house on a two-acre site in an upscale area in Merseyside. But that doesn't much compare to their potential American property, which they could be set to move into in early June after the sportsman's long and illustrious career with Liverpool comes to an end in late May. With six bedrooms and nine bathrooms, the swanky property also boasts sweeping mountain and Pacific Ocean views and was regularly featured on reality show The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills. Yolanda Foster and her music producer husband David had the modern property custom-built to their taste in 2009, and resided there with the 51-year-old star's three children, including model Gigi Hadid. The property, reportedly worth £16.8m, includes six bedrooms, nine bathrooms and plenty of living space . Gerrard's new home is just a short 15 minutes from beach-perfect Santa Monica . Gerrard will be able to enjoy a spot of billiards in his games area - which comes complete with a bar . Located in the resplendent area of Carbon Canyon in Malibu, near to Los Angeles International Airport and just a short 15 minutes from beach-perfect Santa Monica, it seems the Gerrard family will have lots to keep them occupied over the next year and a half. The large house also includes separate exercise, massage and sauna areas inside, and also a magnificent infinity pool outside. There's a sizable barbecue area too, and a garage big enough for three cars, housed in its own private orchards of citrus and avocado trees. The stylish home also includes a screening room for those big-movie moments, and a 'sports room', with a full-sized billiards table and bar, for when Steven wants to forget about football after work and let his proverbial hair down. The house is perfect for entertaining, and US reality star Yolanda had a professional chef’s kitchen build with a custom floor-to-ceiling glass refrigerator. One of the bedrooms in particular opens up into a stunning panorama of the ocean . Gerrard (left) will be hoping to end his Liverpool career on a high by winning the FA Cup this season . Gerrard follows in David Beckham's footsteps who played for LA Galaxy between 2007-2012 . In the official pictures of the impressive property, it is clear it's finished to an incredibly high standard, a combination of both contemporary and classic design, with a deluxe Californian and certainly Hollywood-style vibe. It's going to be a huge adjustment process for both Steven and his family, but he's not the first British footballer to make such a move: David Beckham famously left Madrid to play with LA Galaxy back in 2007, and he moved his entire family out to Los Angeles for the job. The MLS team recently confirmed Steven's signing following his decision to turn down the offer of a contract extension and leave Liverpool after 17 years with his beloved team. 'Football is my life and will continue to be for a couple of years,' he said on confirming his move. 'I'm not going over there for a holiday or to enjoy myself. I'm going over there to win, and if I win and play well, then my life becomes more enjoyable. 'There's obviously a bonus of where the LA Galaxy are located as well. That will be nice for my family to come out of our comfort zone and try something different.' Gerrard scored twice from the penalty spot during Liverpool's Foundation charity match on Sunday . And a senior Galaxy official confirmed: 'The club is helping Steven and Alex with every imaginable aspect of their family move and we are obviously hoping to get them settled as soon as possible.' Alex returned to Liverpool last month after jetting to Los Angeles in search of a new home for her, her husband and their adorable girls. Tweeting shortly before she returned, she wrote: 'Last day in LA coming home tonight !! VIlla Blanca for lunch then last few bits of shopping, looking forward to seeing my man and girls.' And it seems like the move can't come quick enough for the Gerrard family. Alex, who has been married to the footballer since 2007, recently tweeted her disdain for the typical British rain, something she surely won't miss when moving to sunny California in June. 'Wish this rain would do one !!!' she wrote on Twitter while watching her man play in the All-Star Charity match at Liverpool's Anfield on Sunday. MailOnline has contacted a representative for Steven Gerrard and is awaiting comment. Gerrard and wife Alex, pictured last year in Ibiza, are excited to be moving to sunshine-drenched California . | Steven Gerrard will be leaving Liverpool at the end of the season . Liverpool captain has enjoyed a trophy-laden 17-year spell at Anfield . 34-year-old will be joining MLS side LA Galaxy on an 18-month deal . Mansion includes six bedrooms, nine bathrooms and plenty of living space . READ: Gerrard and Co celebrate after sell-out charity match at Anfield . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)British law enforcement officers have arrested a 23-year-old man suspected of hacking the U.S. Department of Defense and swiping data from a satellite-based system used by the military to communicate with people worldwide, UK authorities said Friday. This arrest was one of 56 made this week in 20 separate operations conducted by regional organized crime units, Metropolitan Police officers and others. The others caught range from a family of suspected fraudsters and a 16-year-old believed to be behind hundreds of cyberattacks, according to Britain's National Crime Agency. Yet the arrest that the agency highlighted most was the one that targeted the world's most powerful last June 15. On that date, someone hacked into the U.S. Department of Defense's servers and got data related to its "Enhanced Mobile Satellite Services" system. This included contact information -- including their names, emails and phone numbers -- of about 800 people and info on approximately 34,400 devices, the National Crime Agency reports. None of the hacked material was considered confidential, nor did it apparently include "sensitive data" or anything that "compromises U.S. national security interests," the British agency said. Still, the person responsible for the hack cryptically played it up big in a post to Pastebin, a website that allows for anonymous posts. Alongside screenshots of the dashboard used to control the Defense Department database, the hacker wrote, "We smite the Lizards, LizardSquad your time is near" in apparent reference to a notorious band of black-hat hackers. "We're in your bases, we control your satellites," the hacker adds. "The missiles shall rein (sic) upon they who claim alliance, watch your heads... We're one, we're many, we lurk in the dark, we're everywhere and anywhere." The 23-year-old suspected hacker was not identified by name, with the UK National Crime Agency saying only that he was arrested Wednesday morning in Sutton Coldfield,a Birmingham suburb in the West Midlands region. The U.S. military has been targeted by hackers before. Some of those actions have been blamed on ISIS sympathizers, like the January temporary takeover of the U.S. Central Command's Twitter account and YouTube page. And last year, U.S. federal officials accused four men of hacking into computer networks of the U.S. military and Microsoft and stealing more than $100 million worth of software, some it related to the video game "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3." There's no indication that the June hack had anything to do with ISIS or involved the theft of anything of much monetary value. Still, hacks from groups such as Lizard Squad and Anonymous can have a significant impact. Jeffrey Thorpe, special agent in charge with the U.S. Department of Defense Criminal Investigative Service (DCIS), said in the UK government statement that "this arrest underscores DCIS commitment and the joint ongoing efforts among international law enforcement to stop cyber criminals in their tracks." "DCIS special agents will use every tool at their disposal to pursue and bring to justice those who attack the Department of Defense," Thorpe said. CNN's Ed Payne and Claudia Rebaza contributed to this report. | The 23-year-old man was one of dozens arrested in similar operations around Britain . After the hack, he allegedly wrote online, "We're in your bases, we control your satellites" No sensitive or confidential data was compromised in the hack, a British agency says . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mike Tyson has warned Floyd Mayweather that he will have to reinvent himself as a boxer if he is to beat Manny Pacquiao in the richest fight of all time. Iron Mike, as he celebrates the 30th anniversary of the first fight of his own phenomenal career, predicts that the Money Man will lose to the PacMan unless he steps out from behind his masterly defence and comes to fight in Las Vegas on May 2. The casino odds-makers have installed Mayweather as favourite and opinion in boxing is divided approximately along the lines of the 60-40 purse split in favour of the Money man. Mike Tyson believes Floyd Mayweather's tactical style will work against him against Manny Pacquiao . Mayweather (left) will fall to the Pac-Man unless he steps out from behind his masterly defence on May 2 . Mayweather meets Pacquiao in the richest fight of all time and the boxing community is split on who will win . But Tyson says: ‘I thought from the start that Paquiao is going to win. This guy is perpetual motion. He comes from every angle. He’s all energy. Always throwing punches. Never stops. ‘Floyd tucks in and picks his shots and he is more accurate. But he doesn’t throw anything like Manny’s hundred punches a round. ‘It’s unlikely he can knock Manny out so if he wants to win he’s got to change. Unless he throws more punches he can’t win the rounds.’ Mayweather, at this Wednesday’s official, show-bizzy launch of the $350 million to half-billion dollar promotion, made it clear that he regards this Fight of the Century as business usual, saying: ‘We’ve started training real well. Continuing to do what we always do. Doing what has won all our 47 fights.’ Mayweather has acknowledged that ‘we will both be the best boxer we possibly can because we both want to this fight more than any other in our careers.’ To which Tyson says: ‘Not enough. He’s gotta do something different. He needs to take a look at how the only opponents who have given Pacquiao trouble are Tim Bradley and Juan Manuel Marquez, who also throw a hundred a round.’ Tyson says Mayweather should be looking at the boxers who have troubled Pac-Man, including Juan Manuel Marquez who stopped the Filipino in 2012 at the venue he will fight the American at on May 2 . Tim Bradley was another busy fighter to get the better of Pacquiao, although Manny won last year's rematch . By his own formidable force of nature, Tyson naturally inclines towards the aggression in the ring which first exploded upon a startled world 30 years ago last Friday. Tyson is lifted by promoter Don King after his 1986 win over Trevor Berbick, one of 44 knock outs early on in his formidable 50-win career . As he embarked on his journey towards becoming the youngest world champion in heavyweight history at 21, Tyson entered the ring at the Plaza Convention Center in Albany, New York State as an 18-year-old and blasted out one Hector Mercedes in the first round. That was the first of his 44 knock outs in a 50 win career which also included two no decisions and subsided at the end into six defeats. Tyson, now 48 and successfully reinventing himself in movies, video games and one-man shows, also blew the hundreds of millions of dollars which Mayweather is now earning. And did he have let slip a startling secret about the massive earning power of the Money-PacMan collision? He said: ‘Floyd’s getting $250 million for one night’s work.’ He made that remark while promoting Champs, a feature-length documentary about the pitfalls as well as the thrills of the fight game in which he stars with arch-rival Evander Holyfield and which opens in US cinemas this Friday. The film is the focal point of Tyson’s campaign for Federal regulation of boxing. He says: ‘Ours is the only sport in which the participants are not protected by law. Tyson spoke while promoting Champs, a feature-length documentary about the pitfalls and thrills of boxing in which he stars with arch-rival Evander Holyfield - the film opens in US cinemas this Friday . ‘Boxers generally come from the poorest backgrounds. Many can’t read or write when they start out. People like me and Floyd earn hundreds of millions of dollars and sometimes don’t know what to do with it. ‘And what about those who still get no more than 20 grand a fight? They can still get exploited so much that when they need a brain scan they can’t afford it and by then there’s no-one else to pay for it.’ Will those cautionary words – coupled with memory of how Tyson battered his way from rags to riches to prison to bankruptcy and now to redemption – convince Mayweather to stop gambling and buying the most expensive cars and planes or Pacquiao to limit how much of his fortune he gives away to the poor in his native Philippines? Probably not. | Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao fight on May 2 at the MGM Grand . Former heavyweight champion Mike Tyson predicts a Pacquiao victory . Tyson said Filipino's 'hundred punches a round' is too formidable . He tells Mayweather to come out swinging if he is to be a chance . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Astronomers are counting down the days before a total solar eclipse appears over Earth. But the highly-anticipated show on March 20th can only be witnessed in full by those in northern Scandinavia and the Faroe Islands. Now scientists have come up with a plan for anyone to see a 360 degree view of the eclipse using GoPro cameras high above Earth's stratosphere. Scroll down for video . The highly-anticipated show on March 20th can only be witnessed in full by those in northern Scandinavia and the Faroe Islands. But now scientists have come up with a plan for anyone to see a 360 degree view of the eclipse using GoPro cameras high above Earth's stratosphere . 'Eclipses happen quite often. But this one’s different,' said project coordinater Annelie Schoenmaker. 'The moon’s shadow will sweep over the North Pole.' Ms Schoenmaker explained that seen from the North Pole, the moon's diameter will appear larger than the sun itself, blocking all direct sunlight and turning day into night. This means that the solar eclipse will take place just as the sun comes into view after six months of polar night. Her 'zero2infinity' group recently launched an Indiegogo campaign to raise funds for the project. Their plan is to launch a balloon carrying GoPro cameras to record a 360 degree video of the eclipse from at least 31 miles (50km) above Earth. The Spanish group recently launched an Indiegogo campaign to raise funds for the project. Their plan is to launch a balloon carrying GoPro cameras to record a 360 degree video of the eclipse from at least 31 miles (50km) above Earth . The path of totality for next month's eclipse will travel from just beneath the Greenland peninsula, heading north into the Arctic Circle. The left-hand animation shows the totality of the 1999 eclipse. The right-hand animation shows how the shadow created by the eclipse on 20 March will travel over Europe . Projection: Place a pinhole or small opening in a card, and hold it between the sun and a screen – giant sheet of white paper works – a few feet away. Filters: The sun can be viewed directly only when using filters specifically designed for this purpose. Such filters have a thin layer of aluminum, chromium or silver on the surfaces. Telescopes with solar filters: There are sun-specific telescopes available for sale - or perhaps through a local astronomy club - that are also safe for viewing a partial eclipse. On a mobile device: If the Indiegogo project is successful, you could stream a 360 degree, HD view of the eclipse onto a mobile device. On the ground, participants will get a live stream into their tablet or smart phone showing the stunning event. So far the Barcelona-based team have raised $3,000 dollars towards their goal to raise $28,000 with just 26 days left. The eclipse will see up to 84 per cent of the sun covered in London - and around 94 per cent in Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh. Dr Steve Bell, head of the HM Nautical Almanac Office told MailOnline that Torshavn in the Faroe Islands will see two minutes and two seconds of totality. And the maximum duration of totality will be two minutes 47 seconds at a point 186 miles (300km) to the east of Iceland in the Norwegian Sea. In London, the partial eclipse - when the moon starts touching the sun's edge - will start at 8.45am GMT. The maximum eclipse will hit at 9.31am and this will be the point when the moon is closest to the centre of the sun. By 10.41am the moon will leave the sun's edge and the partial eclipse will end. The solar eclipse is set to block out nearly 90 per cent of sunlight across parts of Europe next month. On the morning of the 20 March the moon's orbit will see it travel in front of the sun casting a shadow over Earth - and the eclipse will be the biggest event of its kind since 11 August 1999 (pictured over Germany) This animation is designed to appear from the 'point of view' of the eclipse as it will occur on March 20. It shows the shadow being cast over the UK, Greenland, Europe and into Russia . The path of totality of next month's eclipse travels from just beneath the Greenland peninsula, heading north into the Arctic Circle. Totality is the path the full shadow travels across the surface of the Earth, while a partial solar eclipse will be visible over a region thousands of miles wide. Dr Bell added: 'The path of totality lies well to the northwest of the UK making landfall over the Faroe Islands and Svalbard as totality moves towards the North Pole. 'The UK will see this eclipse as a deep partial eclipse. The eclipse will see up to 84 per cent of the sun covered in London and around 94 per cent in Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh. A partial eclipse will be visible across Europe, North Africa and Russia for about 90 minutes. Northern Scandinavia and the Faroe Islands will experience a full eclipse for two-and-a-half minutes . 'The place that sees the deepest partial eclipse of the sun in the UK is the west coast of the Isle of Lewis close to Aird Uig. 'Here 98 per cent of the sun will be obscured at mid-eclipse at around 9:36am GMT. 'Skies will darken for any location where the maximum obscuration exceeds 95 per cent which includes north-western Scotland, the Hebrides, Orkneys and Shetland Islands. The last solar eclipse of a similar size took place on 11 August 1999 and had an eclipse magnitude of 1.029. An eclipse magnitude is the fraction of the sun’s diameter obscured by the moon. It is based on a ratio of diameters and differs from an eclipse obscuration, which is a measure of the sun’s surface area covered by the Moon. The value given is taken at the moment when the eclipse is at its maximum. The path of the moon's shadow in August 1999 began in the Atlantic Ocean before covering the south of the UK, northern France, Belgium, Luxembourg, southern Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia and Hungary. It was said to have been the first total eclipse visible in Europe since 22 July 1990, and the first visible in the UK since 29 June 1927. The solar eclipse will see up to 84 per cent of the sun covered over London and around 94 per cent in the main cities in Scotland (pictured is a full eclipse over Australia in 2012). Northern Scandinavia and the Faroe Islands will experience a full eclipse for two minutes and nine seconds . Dr Bell continued: 'In a global context, the maximum duration of totality for next month’s eclipse will exceed the maximum of two minutes and 23 seconds of totality for the 1999 eclipse, which occurred close to Ramnicu Valcea in Romania. 'This is still quite a long way short of the theoretical maximum duration of totality which can reach seven minutes 31 seconds.' There will not be another total eclipse until 2026. Tom Kerss, astronomer at The Royal Observatory Greenwich told MailOnline: 'Since the moon is smaller than the Earth, and very far away, the properly dark shadow it casts will only be about 100 miles wide, and will spend most of its time darkening the chilly waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. 'However, if the weather is clear, observers on Svalbard and the Faroes should experience almost three minutes of extraordinary day-time darkness. 'What’s more, lunar perigee - the time in the Lunar month when the Earth and Moon are closest together - will occur the evening before the eclipse. This makes our 2015 Spring Equinox eclipse a ‘supermoon’ eclipse - perhaps we should call that a supereclipse. 'Since the shadow of the moon will be ever so slightly larger in this scenario, it might appear slightly darker during totality, but in practise I think this would be difficult to detect, even by an experienced eclipse chaser. 'Nevertheless, it’s nice to have a supermoon, equinox and eclipse all falling on the same day.' A total solar eclipse is only visible from a certain region on Earth and those who can see it are in the centre of the moon's shadow when it hits Earth. For a total eclipse to take place, the sun, moon and Earth must be in a direct line. The totality of the 11 August 1999 eclipse is shown . An eclipse occurs when one heavenly body, such as a moon or planet, moves into the shadow of another. On Earth there are two types - lunar eclipses and solar eclipses. Lunar eclipse: For a lunar eclipse, the Earth moves between the sun and the moon and blocks sunlight normally reflected by the moon. Instead of light hitting the moon’s surface, Earth's shadow falls on it and a lunar eclipse can only happen when the moon is full. Solar eclipse: By comparison, a solar eclipse occurs when the orbit of the moon moves it between the sun and Earth. A solar eclipse occurs when the orbit of the moon moves it between the sun and Earth. When this happens, the moon blocks the light of the sun . When this happens, the moon blocks the light of the sun reaching Earth and the moon casts a shadow on Earth. Types of shadow: During a solar eclipse, the moon casts two shadows on Earth. The first shadow is called the umbra, and this gets smaller as it reaches Earth. The second shadow is known as the penumbra, and this gets larger as it reaches Earth. There are additionally three types of solar eclipses: . Total: A total solar eclipse is only visible from a certain region on Earth and those who can see it are in the centre of the moon's shadow when it hits Earth. For a total eclipse to take place, the sun, moon and Earth must be in a direct line. People standing in the umbra will see a total eclipse and this will occur over the Faroe Islands on 20 March. Partial solar eclipse: This occurs when the sun, moon and Earth don't line up exactly. People standing in the penumbra will see a partial eclipse. Annular: An annular eclipse happens when the moon is farthest from Earth. Because the moon is further from Earth, it appears smaller. As a result, it doesn't block the entire view of the sun. The moon in front of the sun resembles a dark disk on top of a larger sun-colored disk and creates what looks like a ring around the moon. Source: Nasa . | Total solar eclipse set to take place over Europe on March 20 . Zero2infinity plans to launch a balloon from Barcelona on the day . It will have GoPros attached that will stream footage to mobile devices . It has launched an Indiegogo campaign to raise funds for the project . London can expect 84% coverage with parts of Scotland reaching 94% . Total eclipse of the sun will occur in Northern Norway and Faroe Islands . Astronomers said there will not be another total eclipse until 2026 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The former wife of jailed sex offender Max Clifford has been pictured wearing what appears to be an engagement ring. Divorcee Jo Westwood had married the now-disgraced PR man Clifford in 2010, but distanced herself from him when he was charged and then tried on a string of sex attacks. Since Clifford, 71, was jailed last May, Mrs Westwood has reportedly been seen several times with her former husband, IT consultant Lee, with whom she has a daughter. Scroll down for video . Engaged? In these photographs, taken in the Cotswolds, Mrs Westwood is seen wearing what appears to be a sparkly band on her ring finger, sparking rumours that she and first husband Lee are engaged . Last year, the couple, who separated in 2003, were pictured enjoying time together in Broadway, Wiltshire, where the PR guru and his ex-wife had a £600,000 country residence. And these latest photographs, taken of Mrs Westwood in the Cotswolds village today, suggest that the couple have taken the next step towards rekindling their marriage. Dressed in a casual outfit and carrying a shopping bag, Mrs Westwood is seen getting into her car with what looks like a sparkly band on her ring finger. The 51-year-old was a volunteer bereavement counsellor for a children’s hospice in Guildford, Surrey, which Clifford became a patron of. He later admitted that he turned to her for support after the death of his first wife, Liz, from cancer in 2003. He began courting her and she worked as his assistant at his London offices. They married after she proposed to him on a golf course in Marbella, Spain. 'Rekindling their romance': Last October Jo and Lee Westwood were pictured enjoying time together in Broadway, Wiltshire, (above) where PR guru Clifford and his ex-wife had a £600,000 country residence . She was notably absent from his trial, however, which featured claims he abused girls as young as 12, and allegations that his extraordinary grooming technique involved telling impressionable young women that he had an extremely small penis. On the very day he was convicted she was seen walking near their Cotswold cottage – without her wedding ring. Weeks later, a court granted her a divorce in just 105 seconds for his ‘unreasonable behaviour’, which has caused her stress and heart problems. In October it was reported that Mr Westwood had been seen driving the £150,000 Bentley coupe Clifford bought his ex-wife as a wedding present. Divorced: Jo Westwood had married the now-disgraced PR man Clifford in 2010, but distanced herself from him when he was charged and then tried on a string of sex attacks. Above, at a court hearing last May . Perhaps unsurprisingly, she has splashed out on new personalised licence plates for the car, swapping the letters MAX for JO. Engagement rumours first emerged last year when the Daily Star Sunday claimed Mrs Westwood had been seen visiting a jeweller’s with her ex-husband, and wearing a large ring. A source told the newspaper at the time: ‘All Jo’s family and friends are really pleased that after everything she’s been through she is happy again. ‘None of them ever really liked Max. He was a bully and really put her through the mill. ‘She’s had a really tough couple of years with the allegations against Max but she’s put it all behind her. For the first time in ages she has a huge smile on her face.’ | Jo Westwood pictured with what appears to be sparkly band on ring finger . She had married the now-disgraced PR man Max Clifford in 2010 . But distanced herself when he was charged then tried on sex attacks . Mrs Westwood was granted divorce weeks after he was jailed last May . Since then Mrs Westwood has reportedly been seen with first husband Lee . The couple, who separated in 2003, were pictured together last October . |
How many of the Lira satellites were successful? | Kosmos 1375 was placed into a low Earth orbit with a perigee of 986 kilometres (613 mi), an apogee of 1,003 kilometres (623 mi), 65.8 degrees of inclination, and an orbital period of 105 minutes. On 18 June 1982, it was successfully intercepted and destroyed by Kosmos 1379 in the final Soviet anti-satellite weapons test to be conducted. As of 2022, debris is still in orbit.
Kosmos 1375 was the last of ten Lira satellites to be launched, of which all but the first were successful. Lira was derived from the earlier DS-P1-M satellite, which it replaced. | 10 were launched, 1 was not successful, so 10-1 = 9 were successful. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An eventful first day at the Arnold Palmer Invitational saw Rory McIlroy come close to achieving something that hadn’t been witnessed at Bay Hill for 20 years while Ian Poulter cheered up his sick three year old son Joshua with a fine opening round of 67. Poulter’s preparations for his final tournament before the Masters were hardly ideal. While driving home from the course on Wednesday, Joshua was being taken to a nearby hospital with what turned out to be a bout of pneumonia. It was past midnight before he was allowed home. ‘It was certainly something of a blessing that I had a late tee-time,’ said the Englishman, who posted five birdies in a round that left him just a stroke off the pace set by American Morgan Hoffman. Rory McIlroy waits on the first green during the first round of the Arnold Palmer Invitational at Bay Hill Club . Ian Poulter hits his tee shot on the 18th hole during the first round of the Arnold Palmer Invitational . Poulter’s in good form at present, and having thrown away a golden opportunity to win one event in Florida at the Honda Classic three weeks ago, will be keen to give himself a chance to atone at this venue where he finished third in 2013. ‘It was nice to get Joshua home on Wednesday night and my wife Katie is a trained nurse, so I knew he was in good hands when I left for the course this morning,’ he said. After 15 holes of his opening round, a small slice of history loomed for McIlroy, just three weeks shy of his attempt at a career grand slam at the Masters. The world number one was swinging so smoothly he had hit all 15 greens in regulation. Not once in any round in his PGA Tour career has he hit all 18. No-one had done so at Bay Hill since 1995. Poulter hits an approach shot on the 16th hole during the first round of the Arnold Palmer Invitational . McIlroy hits an approach shot on the first hole during the first round at the Bay Hill Club and Lodge . Next up was the easiest hole on the course, the par five 16th. Yet it was here the 25 year old contrived to undo all the good work that had gone before. As soon as his second shot left the club face he started laughing at himself in exasperated fashion. He knew what was coming next. The ball bounced on the bank at the front of the green and back into one of the course’s many water hazards. There ended any hope of hitting all 18 greens in regulation. At least on the positive side, there were obviously plenty of excellent blows in those first 15 holes, and the reason he was only two under par at the time was he couldn’t buy a putt, which wouldn’t have stressed him unduly given the shocking state of the Bay Hill greens. Suffice to say that they’re nearer to municipal course standards than Augusta’s. Poulter hits an approach shot on the 18th hole during the first round of the Arnold Palmer Invitational . McIlroy of Northern Ireland talks with caddie J.P. Fitzgerald on the fourth fairway in Orlando, Florida . At least McIlroy finished with a birdie for a 70, which hasn’t left him too far off the pace. ‘There were a lot of good signs out there and with this being my last event before Augusta it’s important to play well in the second round and get myself into contention at the weekend,’ he said. Elsewhere, Padraig Harrington’s welcome revival continued with a 68 which left him alongside such luminaries as world number three Henrik Stenson, Adam Scott and the Scot Martin Laird, a former winner of this event. When McIlroy made his way to the first tee at a shade before 1pm he must have been heartened by the enormous crowd that had gathered. McIlroy of Northern Ireland hits his second shot on the fourth hole during the first round . The entire length of the hole was lined several people deep and McIlroy gave them something to cheer with a couple of opening blows that gave him a good look at a birdie, with the putt coming up just short. The first three holes at Bay Hill represent one of the toughest starts of any course on the PGA tour but McIlroy looked in the mood as he registered three easy pars. A chance was wasted at the par five fourth but he got into red figures with a classy birdie at the signature hole. Poulter of England reacts to a missed putt for birdie on the 18th hole during the first round in Orlando . McIlroy of Northern Ireland hits his tee shot on the third hole during the Arnold Palmer Invitational . The par five 6th winds its way around a lake for all of its 500 plus yards but it held no fears for the Northern Irishman as he played a marvellous long iron second to 20ft and two putted for a birdie. Another birdie followed at the short seventh but that was the last putt he holed until he got to the 18th. After that effort from 15ft dropped he disappeared for dinner with the tournament host. He couldn’t keep the smile off his face when someone brought it up. ‘It’s going to be a really special evening,’ he said. McIlroy waves as he walks off the first green during the first round of the Arnold Palmer Invitational . McIlroy of Northern Ireland and Rickie Fowler of the United States walk off the first tee during the first round . | Rory McIlroy was swinging so smoothly he hit all 15 greens in regulation . But the world No 1 messed up the easiest hole on the course, the 16th . Ian Poulter’s Masters preparations were hardly ideal as his son fell ill . Joshua was taken to a hospital with what turned out to be pneumonia . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Aaron Ramsey has added his name to Francis Coquelin's long list of admirers at Arsenal and says that the Gunners' man at the base of midfield helps the rest of the team to 'tick'. Coquelin is enjoying an impressive breakthrough campaign in Arsene Wenger's side, finding a way into the first team after returning from a loan spell at Championship side Charlton Athletic in December. And with many Arsenal fans crediting Coquelin with their team's impressive recent form that has moved them into contention for the Barclays Premier League title, Ramsey has also endorsed the theory that the Frenchman has become a key cog in midfield. Francis Coquelin has been impressive in midfield for Arsenal in their recent run of form in the Premier League . The French midfielder has been an ever-present figure for Arsene Wenger's side in the league in 2015 so far . Aaron Ramsey says Coquelin's defensive presence in midfield gives his team-mates more freedom to play . Arsenal have won their last six games in the Premier League and are now just a point behind second-placed Manchester City, with Coquelin - yet to miss a league game in 2015 - providing his midfield colleagues with more freedom to go forward. 'He's been really good,' Ramsey said. 'He's very aggressive and doesn't give the opposition much time on the ball, and that's why he wins so many tackles. Then he wins the ball and makes us tick over. 'It's been really good to see his development this year, he's had a superb couple of months now so hopefully he can continue that. Coquelin attempts to win an aerial ball ahead of Ramsey during a training session earlier in the season . Coquelin was part of the Arsenal side that almost turned around a 3-1 first-leg deficit against Monaco . 'It is quite comforting knowing that one of the midfielders is behind you in position, thinking more defensively. It is something that he does really well.' Ramsey was left out of the starting XI for Arsenal's Champions League exit to Monaco last week and he feels there is more competition than ever for places in Wenger's in-form side. 'There’s definitely a fight for our places,' he told Arsenal Player. 'Everyone is keeping each other on their toes - it’s good that we have that strength in depth now.' Wenger now sees Coquelin as a key part of his team after initially loaning him out to Charlton earlier in the year . | Aaron Ramsey has praised to his Arsenal team-mate Francis Coquelin . Coquelin returned from loan at Charlton to become key player in the side . Ramsey says his position at base of midfield helps Arsenal 'tick over' READ: Olivier Giroud has a better strike rate than Cristiano Ronaldo . CLICK HERE for all the latest Arsenal news . |
Given this paragraph about the sport of triathlon, what are the individual sports make up a triathlon | A triathlon is an endurance multisport race consisting of swimming, cycling, and running over various distances. Triathletes compete for fastest overall completion time, racing each segment sequentially with the time transitioning between the disciplines included | Triathlon is a multi-sport discipline consisting of three sports performed back to back without rest. An event is made up of swimming, followed by cycling and then running. Athletes transition between the individual sports as quickly as possible, with the winner completing the course in the fastest time. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A group of college footballers have sparked outrage by dressing in Ku Klux Klan robes in a parody of the Will Smith movie Bad Boys II. About 20 members of the team, at Wheaton College near Chicago, Illinois, performed the 'skit' wearing Klan-style white hoods and carrying Confederate flags. The off-season team-building exercise was intended as a 'satirical parody' of the 2003 action comedy Bad Boys II, starring Will Smith and Martin Lawrence, whose characters poke fun at the KKK. Footballers performed a 'skit' wearing Klan-style white hoods during a team-building exercise at Wheaton College (pictured) near Chicago . The skit, intended as a parody of a scene from the Will Smith movie Bad Boys II (pictured), has sparked outrage on campus . But the stunt has provoked anger on the campus while Philip Ryken, the evangelical Christian college's president, has sent an email to all students and staff. The incident happened on February 28 in a campus gym and involved some of the team's black players. College bosses have acknowledged the skit was 'racially insensitive'. In Bad Boys II, the police detectives played by Smith and Lawrence burst out of white robes they are wearing as part of a raid on a Ku Klux Klan meeting. According to the Chicago Tribune, team Captain Josh Aldrin, who is African-American, took responsibility for the skit and, in a letter to students, admitted 'we made a mistake.' The incident happened on February 28 in a campus gym and involved some of the team's black players . In Bad Boys II, the police detectives played by Smith and Martin Lawrence (pictured) burst out of white robes they are wearing as part of a raid on a Ku Klux Klan meeting . He wrote: 'As a black male, a team captain, and the leader of the group that performed the skit, I should have understood that (the) KKK and Confederate symbols are not funny in any context. 'We hope the campus community will forgive us for our actions.' Mr Ryken was made aware of the incident shortly after it happened and held a meeting with some of those involved at 1am the next morning. On Sunday, more than 700 students gathered in the College's Pierce Chapel to pray for 'campus-wide healing'. In a statement posted on its website, the college said: 'The team captain acknowledged his poor judgment in failing to consider the inherently hurtful meanings these symbols carry, though it was clear the skit was not motivated by racial hostility. 'The coaches accepted responsibility for their failure to provide appropriate guidance. 'All recognized that, regardless of the group's intent, the skit was inappropriate, and apologized in an e-mail to the campus community sent out around noon on Sunday.' Footage was taken of the event - but the images were 'inherently hurtful and shocking' and would not be disseminated, the college said. The statement added: 'Wheaton College stands resolutely against racial insensitivity, including the use of symbols that convey hatred against African Americans and other ethnic minorities. 'The College is committed to responding promptly and appropriately to incidents that may violate our Community Covenant, taking the time to consider the total facts of each situation and seeking redemption, with respect for the dignity of each person.' | Players at Wheaton College near Chicago wore KKK hoods as part of 'skit' About 20 footballers took part in a 'satirical parody' of 2003's Bad Boys II . Event was part of a team-building exercise at evangelical Christian college . Movie scene involves Will Smith and Martin Lawrence raiding KKK meeting . College bosses have acknowledged that the skit was 'racially insensitive' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Diego Maradona appears to have patched things up with his 24-year-old girlfriend as the pair were spotted strolling through Vienna on Saturday just months after he allegedly hit her. The scruffily-attired ex-footballer was seen walking arm-in-arm with on-off partner Rocio Oliva, with the blonde pictured leaning on his shoulder affectionately. Just five months ago, he was labelled a 'psychopath' after video footage emerged which appeared to show him assaulting Ms Oliva. Scroll down for video . Forgive and forget: Maradona and his on-off girlfriend Rocio Oliva, 24, were pictured strolling through Vienna on Saturday just months after she filmed him allegedly assaulting her . In the video, Maradona, who captained Argentina to World Cup glory in 1986 before managing the side with less success, can be seen getting up from his sofa and approaching his Ms Oliva to berate her for using her mobile phone. Oliva filmed the 53-year-old walking towards her spluttering: 'You still looking at your phone?' She retorted: 'Can't I look at it?' before begging him: 'Stop Diego, calm down, stop hitting' as he allegedly tried to strike her twice with his right hand. Following the video's release, the former footballer played down the incident insisting he had only knocked the phone out of her hands. Scruffy attire: The 54-year-old ex-footballer looked less than smart as he walked through the Austrian capital . Backing royal: Maradona and Miss Oliva were in Vienna to meet Prince Ali Bin Al Hussein (left), who they are backing to become the next president of Fifa . He told a journalist: 'I sent the phone flying but I swear I've never hit a woman. The story starts and finishes there.' Two weeks later the couple appeared to be in better spirits as Maradona was filmed serenading Ms Oliva with an impromptu love song in Dubai. Maradona, whose notorious Hand of God goal helped Argentina knocked England out of the 1986 World Cup, has been dating Ms Oliva on and off since the beginning of 2013. Also with the pair in Vienna on Saturday was Jordanian royal Prince Ali Bin Al Hussein, who Maradona is backing to become the next president of Fifa. He is convinced the Jordanian deserves to win the presidency and says he will not be an 'advocate for corruption', suggesting he does not want current president Sepp Blatter to win another term. Happy couple: Maradona and Ms Oliva, pictured with Prince Ali Bin Al Hussein, appear to have put their troubles behind them . Maradona captained Argentina to World Cup glory, and is regarded as the country's greatest ever player . | Ex-footballer, 54, and Rocio Oliva, 24, seen walking together in Vienna . Five months ago she secretly filmed Maradona appearing to assault her . He later told a reporter he had only knocked the phone out of her hands . Couple were meeting Jordanian prince hoping to become Fifa president . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Moses Odubajo hit a stoppage-time equaliser to deny Millwall a precious three points in their bid to avoid relegation from the Sky Bet Championship. The Lions looked set to collect their first win in nine attempts - and their first under interim boss Neil Harris - as they led 2-0 through goals in each half from Lee Gregory and Aiden O'Brien. But Brentford, also desperate for points at the other end of the table to maintain their promotion bid, pulled one back through Alex Pritchard's penalty before Odubajo snatched a 2-2 draw at the death. Moses Odubajo celebreates as he hits a stoppage-time equaliser to deny Millwall a precious three points . Millwall, looking revitalised since former striker Harris took over from Ian Holloway earlier this month, threatened first after just two minutes when Ed Upson found Martyn Woolford, whose shot from the edge of the box was parried by David Button. Brentford almost went ahead after 15 minutes through a glancing header from Spanish midfielder Jota, but the ball cannoned back off the crossbar. And in the 28th minute Millwall got their noses in front when Gregory latched on to Upson's long ball over the top, rounded Button and fired into an empty net from 15 yards. It was the former Halifax striker's sixth goal of the season and, tellingly, only Millwall's 14th away from home during a troubled campaign. Brentford: . Button Odubajo Dean (Smith - 71') Tarkowski Bidwell Douglas Peleteiro Ramallo Pritchard Diagouraga (Toral - 71') Dallas (Judge - 60') Gray . Substitutes: Craig McCormack Bonham Toral Judge Smith Long . Millwall: . Forde, Cummings, Nelson, Hooiveld, Harding, O'Brien (Taylor-Fletcher - 77) Williams, Abdou, Upson, Woolford, Gregory . Substitutes: Fabbrini Beevers Gueye Archer Taylor-Fletcher Maierhofer Philpot . Brentford poured forward in search of an equaliser before half-time but found Lions keeper David Forde in inspired form, the Irishman tipping a Stuart Dallas curler over the top, blocking a header from Jonathan Douglas and turning Pritchard's free-kick around the post. Brentford continued in the same vein after the interval but Andre Gray fired over and Sid Nelson bravely blocked Jota's shot. And the Bees were hit by a sucker punch midway through the second half when O'Brien played the ball out to Woolford, continued his run forward and nodded the winger's lofted cross into an empty net from a yard out for his first senior goal. But Brentford were offered a lifeline with six minutes remaining when Woolford tripped Alan Judge in the area and Pritchard rifled home the penalty. And in the first minute of injury time, with Millwall pegged back in their own penalty area, right-back Odubajo fired through a crowd of players to snatch a dramatic equaliser. There was still time for substitute Gary Taylor-Fletcher to win it for Millwall, but the striker's shot flew agonisingly wide to leave the Lions players with their heads in their hands. | Struggling Millwall let a two-goal lead slip as they were held by Brentford . Lee Gregory and Aiden O'Brien had given the away side a deserved lead . Alex Pritchard struck a penalty to revitalise the hosts at Griffin Park . The equaliser came in stoppage time when Moses Odubajo found the net . |
What is K-Pop? | K-pop, short for Korean popular music, is a form of popular music originating in South Korea as part of South Korean culture. It includes styles and genres from around the world, such as pop, hip hop, R&B, rock, jazz, gospel, reggae, electronic dance, folk, country, disco, and classical on top of its traditional Korean music roots. The term "K-pop" became popular in the 2000s, especially in the international context. The Korean term for domestic pop music is gayo, which is still widely used within South Korea. While "K-pop" can refer to all popular music or pop music from South Korea, it is colloquially often used in a narrower sense for any Korean music and artists associated with the entertainment and idol industry in the country, regardless of the genre. | K-pop is an acronym for Korean pop music. It is a mainstream genre of music that originated in South Korea. K-pop is influenced by a variety of different musical genres such as rock, hip hop, R&B, and electronic music. K-pop groups usually consists of trained members who have designated roles such as the main vocalist, vocalists, dancer, rapper, and visual. K-pop choreographies consist of repetitive synchronized movements which tend to go viral. |
Please summarize what Linkedin does. | LinkedIn (/lɪŋktˈɪn/) is a business and employment-focused social media platform that works through websites and mobile apps. It launched on May 5, 2003. It is now owned by Microsoft. The platform is primarily used for professional networking and career development, and allows jobseekers to post their CVs and employers to post jobs. From 2015 most of the company's revenue came from selling access to information about its members to recruiters and sales professionals. Since December 2016, it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Microsoft. As of March 2023, LinkedIn has more than 900 million registered members from over 200 countries and territories.
LinkedIn allows members (both workers and employers) to create profiles and connect with each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships. Members can invite anyone (whether an existing member or not) to become a connection. LinkedIn can also be used to organize offline events, join groups, write articles, publish job postings, post photos and videos, and more. | Linkedin is a social platform that business professionals create profiles on and network with other business professionals. It is used to network, career development, and for jobseekers to find jobs. Linkedin has over 900 million users from over 200 countries. Linkedin can be used to post resumes/CVs, organizing events, joining groups, writing articles, publishing job postings, posting picture, posting videos, and more! |
Given this paragraph about the prehistory of Sri Lanka, what are the evidence for prehistoric human colonization in Sri Lanka? | Evidence of human colonization in Sri Lanka appears at the site of Balangoda. Balangoda Man arrived on the island about 125,000 years ago and has been identified as Mesolithic hunter-gatherers who lived in caves. Several of these caves, including the well-known Batadombalena and the Fa Hien Cave, have yielded many artifacts from these people, who are currently the first known inhabitants of the island.
Balangoda Man probably created Horton Plains, in the central hills, by burning the trees in order to catch game. However, the discovery of oats and barley on the plains at about 15,000 BCE suggests that agriculture had already developed at this early date.
Several minute granite tools (about 4 centimetres in length), earthenware, remnants of charred timber, and clay burial pots date to the Mesolithic. Human remains dating to 6000 BCE have been discovered during recent excavations around a cave at Warana Raja Maha Vihara and in the Kalatuwawa area. | The oldest prehistoric evidence of human colonization in Sri Lanka goes back to about 125,000 years to a man named Balangoda Man. He was a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer who lived in caves. Furthermore, human remains dating back to 6000 BCE have also been found in several cites in the country. |
Given this text, summarize the major events in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 game development and release. | Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 is a 2009 first-person shooter game developed by Infinity Ward and published by Activision. It is the sixth installment in the Call of Duty series and the direct sequel to Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare. It was released worldwide on November 10, 2009, for Microsoft Windows, the PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360. A separate version for the Nintendo DS, titled Modern Warfare: Mobilized, was also released on the same day. A version for macOS was developed by Aspyr and released in May 2014, and the Xbox 360 version was made backward compatible for the Xbox One in 2018.
The game's campaign follows Task Force 141, a multi-national special forces unit commanded by Captain Soap MacTavish as they hunt Vladimir Makarov, leader of the Russian Ultranationalist party, and U.S. Army Rangers from 1st Battalion/75th Ranger Regiment who are defending the Washington, D.C. area from a Russian invasion. The game's main playable characters are Sergeant Gary "Roach" Sanderson, of the 141, and Private James Ramirez, of the Army Rangers, with Captain MacTavish becoming playable later in the campaign. An expansive multiplayer mode is featured in the game, with several new features and modes that were not seen in its predecessor.
Development for the game began in 2008, when it was still known as Call of Duty 6. It uses the IW 4.0 engine, an improved version of Call of Duty 4's IW 3.0. Infinity Ward was inspired by real-life conflicts when developing the campaign mode. They initially tested the multiplayer mode by playing an in-house beta version of the game. Modern Warfare 2 was officially announced in February 2009. Teasing of the game began in March, with short trailers being released for the game and, eventually, a full reveal trailer. The multiplayer mode was revealed shortly after. Two downloadable content packs were released for it post-release, each containing five new multiplayer maps, with some being remastered maps from Call of Duty 4.
Modern Warfare 2 received universal acclaim, with praise for its campaign, multiplayer, and amount of content, although it received some criticism for its short length and a lack of innovation. Within 24 hours of release, the game sold approximately 4.7 million copies in North America and the United Kingdom. As of 2013, the game had sold 22.7 million copies. In addition to its release, a comic book series based on character Simon "Ghost" Riley was also produced, titled Modern Warfare 2: Ghost. Despite the game's success, it was subject to some controversies, with one surrounding a playable level that had the player carry out a terror attack on an airport. A sequel, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3, was released in 2011 and finishes the original Modern Warfare storyline. A remaster of the game's campaign, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 Campaign Remastered, was released in March 2020 on the PlayStation 4 and on Microsoft Windows and Xbox One in April 2020. | 2008: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 development began
Feb. 2009: officially announced
March 2009: game testing bagan
Nov. 10, 2009: released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.
2014: released for macOS
2018: released for Xbox One
March 2020: a remastered version is released on the PlayStation 4
April 2020: a remastered version is released on Microsoft WIndows and Xbox One |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Iraqi forces appear to be slowly closing in on an important tactical victory against ISIS. But as they press forward in their attempt to retake the city of Tikrit from ISIS insurgents, there is an important question that the United States and its allies should be asking: Could this victory actually undermine the only sustainable strategy for ensuring Iraq's stability? The reality is that short-term tactical victories won't be enough to defeat ISIS, especially as the reliance on Iran-backed Shiite militias is only likely to exacerbate tensions with the largely local Sunni population. Indeed, the crucial ground war component of the campaign has so far been heavily reliant on the Shiite militias, whose track record of sectarian violence is well-documented, and their involvement threatens to drive more Iraqi Sunnis into the arms of ISIS. Gen. Martin Dempsey, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has said the involvement of these groups "will only be a problem if it results in sectarianism." But based on past experience, many locals are understandably more frightened by their designated "liberators" than they are of the vicious extremists of ISIS who have ruled their towns over the past eight months. Historically, Iraq hasn't always needed Shiite militias under Iran's command to fight Sunni extremists. Al Qaeda was expelled from northern Iraq in 2007, when its harsh rule antagonized tribal leaders that had supported the anti-U.S. insurgency, prompting them to make common cause with the Americans in what became known as the "Awakening" movement. Unfortunately, once its goal had been achieved, Baghdad rounded on the Awakening, betraying promises of integration into the national army and polity and instead arresting and killing its leaders along with trusted Sunni elected representatives. The United States looked the other way, deeming it a "domestic" political matter. That simply emboldened then-Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki to deepen his purge of Sunni elected representatives, and to parlay the 2010 election result into a governing coalition despite his own list drawing fewer votes than a rival bloc that included many Sunni leaders. This undermined the work that the United States had done in persuading Iraq's Sunnis that fighting al Qaeda and voting in elections was the best way to advance their communal interests. Put simply, al-Maliki's actions made a mockery of any Sunni confidence in the electoral system or the national government. It was the resulting Sunni alienation that allowed al Qaeda's successor, ISIS, back into those communities. The growing fear among many Sunnis has been compounded by Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi's statement to parliament that any Iraqi choosing to stay neutral was effectively aligning themselves with ISIS -- remarks that create an atmosphere that enables violence against ordinary Sunnis, many of whom feel caught between the extremists and a Shiite-led government from which they have been systematically oppressed and alienated. And ISIS has undoubtedly capitalized on the permissive environment created by such alienation, which persists despite the Obama administration having convinced itself that al-Abadi would somehow prove to be more inclusive than his predecessors from the same Shiite Islamist party. All this suggests that the "Awakening" experience, which showed that Iraqi Sunnis will reject violent extremists if they believe they will get a fair shake from the system for doing so, is as vital as ever to the prospects of defeating ISIS. But the outcome must be different from the last Awakening. Sunnis willing to fight ISIS should be given control over their own affairs in northern Iraq in the way that Kurdish aspirations have been accommodated. The alternative, of relying on sectarian forces to drive out the extremists, is more likely to ensure their return than to prevent it. Getting to a new political order in Iraq that offers the prospect of sustainable stability and progress will require compromise, not only among Iraqis but also among the regional sponsors of its contending factions -- Iraq has become a key battleground in the regional struggle between camps led by Iran and the Saudis. Creating a political order capable of stabilizing Iraq will require a new security "grand bargain" negotiated between the key stakeholders. Short-term tactical victories won't defeat ISIS, and militia involvement will more likely strengthen its appeal. The reality is that ultimately, only a political deal that guarantees Iraqi Sunnis' inclusion, equality and protection -- one that is implemented by Iran and its allied Iraqi militia -- can resolve the ISIS problem. And unless all of the key stakeholders are willing to negotiate a new way of living together, Iraq is likely to remain a battleground where the United States finds itself inadvertently reinforcing the problem. | Iraqi forces have been involved in an offensive to retake Tikrit . Rula Jebreal: Short-term tactical victories won't be enough to defeat ISIS . |
When was the first Reading railway station opened? | Reading railway station is a major transport hub in Reading, Berkshire, England. It is on the northern edge of the town centre, near the main retail and commercial areas and the River Thames, 36 miles (58 km) from London Paddington. The first Reading station was opened on 30 March 1840 as the temporary western terminus of the original line of the Great Western Railway (GWR). Reading is the ninth-busiest station in the UK outside London and the second busiest interchange station outside London with over 3.8 million passengers changing trains at the station annually. | The first Reading railway station was opened on the 30th of March, 1840. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.