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Approximately how much cashmere is produced each year? | China has become the largest producer of raw cashmere, estimated at 19,200 metric tons (in hair) per year (2016). Mongolia follows with 8,900 tons (in hair) as of 2016, while Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian republics produce lesser amounts. The annual world raw production is estimated to be between 15,000 and 20,000 tons (13,605 and 18,140 tonnes) (in hair). Pure cashmere, resulting from removing animal grease, dirt and coarse hairs from the fleece, is estimated at 6,500 tons (5,895 tonnes). Ultra-fine Cashmere or Pashmina is still produced by communities in Kashmir but its rarity and high price, along with political instability in the region, make it very hard to source and to regulate quality. It is estimated that the average yearly production per goat is 150 grams (0.33 lb).
Pure cashmere can be dyed and spun into yarns and knitted into jumpers (sweaters), hats, gloves, socks and other clothing, or woven into fabrics then cut and assembled into garments such as outer coats, jackets, trousers (pants), pajamas, scarves, blankets, and other items. Fabric and garment producers in Scotland, Italy, and Japan have long been known as market leaders. Cashmere may also be blended with other fibers to bring the garment cost down, or to gain their properties, such as elasticity from wool, or sheen from silk.
The town of Uxbridge, Massachusetts, in the United States was an incubator for the cashmere wool industry. It had the first power looms for woolens and the first manufacture of "satinets". Capron Mill had the first power looms, in 1820. It burned on July 21, 2007, in the Bernat Mill fire.
In the United States, under the U.S. Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939, as amended, (15 U. S. Code Section 68b(a)(6)), a wool or textile product may be labelled as containing cashmere only if the following criteria are met:
such wool product is the fine (dehaired) undercoat fibers produced by a cashmere goat (Capra hircus laniger);
the average diameter of the fiber of such wool product does not exceed 19 microns; and
such wool product does not contain more than 3 percent (by weight) of cashmere fibers with average diameters that exceed 30 microns.
the average fiber diameter may be subject to a coefficient of variation around the mean that shall not exceed 24 percent. | It is estimated that about 6,500 tons of cashmere is produced each year. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Heather Watson scored the best win of her career on Sunday night when she defeated world No 8 Agnieskza Radwanska to make the last sixteen of the BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells. On the day that Laura Robson was again forced to postpone her comeback, Watson defeated a top ten player for the first time by overcoming the former Wimbledon finalist 6-4, 6-4 in 93 minutes. Watson, benefiting from her groundstrokes and serve being boosted by the dry air and altitude in the Californian desert, played with the confidence derived from already having beaten two formidable opponents, Germany’s Julia Goerges and Italy’s Camila Giorgi. British No 1 Heather Watson celebrates after completing her impressive 6-4 , 6-4 victory on Sunday . Against the crafty Pole, who reached the final last year and had beaten her easily in her three previous meetings, she struck out bravely and was helped by hitting seven aces, often at crucial times. Radwanska seemed to have got back into it when she recovered to 3-2 in the second set, but Watson stopped her revival and held her nerve after breaking for 5-4 at the end . She was awaiting the winner of Carla Suarez Navarro and Russia’s Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova. Meanwhile he friend and rival Robson has handed back the wildcard she had accepted into the qualifying event for next week’s Miami Open due to continuing concerns over her troublesome left wrist. Watson played a smart match to defeat Agnieszka Radwanska and reach the Indian Wells last 16 . Radwanska reached the final last year at the BNP Paribas Open but lost to Watson on Sunday . Watson keeps her eye on a forehand during her first top 10 player win over Agniesza Radwanska . VIDEO Williams continues California return as Watson stuns Radwanska . The former British number has not played for 14 months now, having last hit a ball in anger at the 2014 Australian Open and undergone surgery on wrist tendons early last summer. She had initially hoped to play in smaller events in California leading into Indian Wells, but has now had to postpone reappearing again with caution being the watchword. Robson is not said to have suffered any major setback but wants to be sure the area is strong enough to withstand the rigours of competition. A possible new target is a WTA event in Colombia next month but she has made it clear there will be no rushing back from what is the most infernal injury for tennis players. Watson's serve was performing well during the 93-minute win for the Brit in the BNP Paribas Open . | The Brit defeated the World No 8 6-4, 6-4 in an hour and a half . As a result Heather Watson reaches the Indian Wells final 16 . Laura Robson has again been forced to postpone her comeback . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A British fighter who travelled to Iraq to stop the Islamic State claims the terror group fed a murdered kidnap victim to his own mother after she went to their headquarters and demanded to see him. Yasir Abdulla, a security guard from Keighley, West Yorkshire decided to go to Iraq and fight against ISIS after hearing they came within six miles of taking control of his home village in Kurdistan, which he left in 2000. It has been reported that the 36-year-old bought a set to combat fatigues online for £100 before going to Kurdistan and buying an assault rifle. From Yorkshire to Iraq: Security guard Yasir Abdulla (left near his home and right patrolling the border of his home town of Sheikhan, Iraq) joined hundreds of fighters trying to stop the spread of ISIS . On patrol: Mr Abdulla (right) pictured with an Islamic State fighter who he and others had detained . He then joined hundreds of other Kurdish and Peshmerga forces who are trying to stop the spread of ISIS by patrolling a ten-mile front line in Iraq. Mr Abdulla returned to the UK last week but told The Sun how an elderly Kurdish woman, whose son was captured by ISIS and taken to Mosul, went to meet the jihadis to try and secure his release and was then fed his body. Slaughter: Mr Abdulla with a member of ISIS who he said was killed after he beheaded a Kurd . The father of four told the newspaper: 'She was determined to find her son and went to ISIS headquarters and asked to see him. 'The ISIS men told her to sit down because she had travelled a long way and said she should have some food before they took her to meet her son. 'They brought her cups of tea and fed her a meal of cooked meat, rice and soup. She thought they were kind. 'But they had killed him and chopped him up and after she finished the meal and asked to see her son they laughed and said "You've just eaten him."' During his time on the front line, Mr Abdulla revealed how ISIS are terrorising locals by calling them and threatening to kidnap them and bury them alive unless they surrender. He also told of how the terror group kill prisoners they capture by throwing them on a 'human bonfire' and that he saw his own cousin killed in an ISIS attack. But despite returning back to his family in Yorkshire, Mr Abdulla is keen to go back to Kurdistan saying he wants to finish the job in defeating ISIS. The new details about the cruelty of ISIS come as Iraq's prime minister called on tribal fighters to abandon the jihadis ahead of an offensive to retake Saddam Hussein's hometown of Tikrit from extremists. Haider al-Abadi offered no timeline for an attack on Tikrit, 80 miles north of Baghdad, which fell into the hands of ISIS last summer. Taking aim: With the flag of the Kurds on the back of his weather-beaten truck, Mr Abdullah fires at ISIS . Proud Kurd: Mr Abdulla said Islamists threaten to kidnap locals and bury them alive if they do not surrender . ISIS and Al Qaeda are hiding messages to their followers in digitally-altered eBay photos and even pornography, a book claims. Investigative journalist Gordon Thomas said Al Qaeda has used the tactic of 'steganography' - concealing messages in audio clips or images widely available online - to encode items listed for sale on the auction site. It works by manipulating a sound waveform or the order of pixels in a small or invisible part of an image, a process not unlike the way teletext used to be delivered on analogue TVs. Now Israeli intelligence service Mossad believes ISIS militants are doing the same, according to Mr Thomas. One intelligence source told him messages are often hidden on Reddit or 'X-rated pornographic pictures which conceal documents and orders for the next target'. The claims are contained within new chapters of Mr Thomas' book Gideon's Spies, an extract of which was published yesterday by the New York Post. However, Shiite militias and Iraqi security forces have stationed themselves around Tikrit as state-run media has warned that the city 'will soon return to its people.' Tikrit, which occasionally saw attacks on U.S. forces during the American occupation of the country, is one of the biggest cities held by ISIS. It also sits on the road to Mosul, Iraq's second-largest city, which is also held by the extremists. It has also been revealed that in February alone, violence across Iraq killed at least 1,100 Iraqis, including more than 600 civilians, according to the the UN Assistance Mission in Iraq. UN envoy Nickolay Mladenov blamed the deaths on the extremist group, government forces and pro-government Shiite militias. He explained: 'Daily terrorist attacks perpetrated by ISIS continue to deliberately target all Iraqis. 'There also concerning reports of a number of revenge killings by armed groups in areas recently liberated from ISIS.' Last year was the deadliest in Iraq since its 2006-2007 sectarian bloodshed, with a total of 12,282 people killed and 23,126 wounded, according to the UN. Pro-ISIS supporters wave flags as they parade through Mosul in Iraq. A British fighter has told how a Kurdish mother, whose son was kidnapped and murdered by the group, was fed his body when she travelled to Mosul demanding to see him . Yasir Abdulla also says that ISIS fighters, pictured, terrorise locals by calling them on the phone and threatening to bury them alive unless they surrender to them . ISIS fighters burn tyres following clashes with Peshmerga forces in Mosul. Mosul is Iraq's second-largest city and is held by the extremists . | Yasir Abdulla from West Yorkshire travelled to Iraq to fight against ISIS . Decided to go after they came within miles of his home village in Kurdistan . Joined hundreds of other Kurdish forces trying to stop spread of ISIS . Told how one woman went to Mosul to secure release of her kidnapped son . He says the ISIS fighters first offered her tea and a meal of meat and rice . But when she demanded to see her son, the extremists began to laugh . They told her they had murdered her son, chopped him up and fed him to her . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Spain's Adrian Otaegui will take a two-shot lead into the third round of the Tshwane Open after threatening to record the first ever 59 on the European Tour on Friday. Nine birdies in the first 16 holes at Pretoria Country Club, including five in a row from the eighth, left Otaegui needing two more to break the magical 60 barrier. However, the 22-year-old former British Boys champion narrowly failed to chip in from the edge of the green on the 17th and then dropped his only shot of the day on the last after finding a bunker off the tee. Adrian Otaegui made an impressive nine birdies in his round of 62, and came close to going under 60 . The resulting 62 gave the world number 403 a halfway total of 11 under par, two shots ahead of South Africa's Merrick Bremner, who birdied four of his last six holes to add a 66 to his opening 65. Bremner's compatriots Keith Horne and Trevor Fisher Jnr, who won the Africa Open on Sunday, were a shot further back on eight under alongside England's David Horsey and Italy's Edoardo Molinari. Otaegui, who is mentored by former Ryder Cup captain Jose Maria Olazabal having played most of his junior golf at the latter's home club in Fuenterrabia, said: 'I was focused and didn't know that I had made five birdies in a row. It was an excellent round from the Spaniard, who leads in Pretoria after two rounds . 'I was playing well and made a few putts, that's all I was thinking about. The best golf is when you think as little as possible, and this was one of those days. 'We were first to tee off this morning, conditions were perfect, the greens were perfect. I like playing this early so I really played well, made many birdies and am happy with my round.' Horsey added a second round of 69 to his flawless opening 63, but joint overnight leader Morten Orum Madsen - who had finished his opening round with a hole-in-one on the eighth and eagle on the ninth - took five more shots to play those holes on Friday as he struggled to a 72 to lie five under. David Horsey, who made a brilliant 63 on the first day, is four shots behind after a second round 69 . 'I gave a few silly ones away and missed it on the wrong side occasionally as well,' Horsey said. 'It's a little bit disappointing I suppose but I still managed to make my fair share of birdies to keep it under par. 'I am three behind but there is a long way to go and this golf course can yield a lot of birdies as well as bogeys. I am in a nice position; I would have taken that if you had given me it on Wednesday.' Home favourite and club member George Coetzee is four off the lead after a 66, with defending champion Ross Fisher three shots further back following a 67. European Ryder Cup captain Darren Clarke chipped in on the ninth for an eagle and repeated the trick on the 10th for a birdie, but also had two double bogeys in a 67 which left him on two under. Defending champion Ross Fisher is some way off the pace after a second round of 67 in Pretoria . | Spanish 22-year-old made nine birdies in first 16, but couldn't finish it off . Merrick Bremner in second, with England's David Horsey four shots back . Defending champion Ross Fisher seven shots off the lead following a 67 . |
Based on the provided paragraph give a bullet list of the names of the countries (regions) which took part in WWI and their reasons? | World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. The first decade of the 20th century saw increasing diplomatic tension between the European great powers. This reached breaking point on 28 June 1914, when a Bosnian Serb named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. Austria-Hungary held Serbia responsible, and declared war on 28 July. Russia came to Serbia's defense, and by 4 August, defensive alliances had drawn in Germany, France, and Britain. German strategy in 1914 was to first defeat France, then attack Russia. However, this failed, and by the end of 1914, the Western Front consisted of a continuous line of trenches stretching from the English Channel to Switzerland. The Eastern Front was more fluid, but neither side could gain a decisive advantage, despite a series of costly offensives. Attempts by both sides to bypass the stalemate caused fighting to expand into the Middle East, the Alps, the Balkans, and overseas colonies, bringing Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and others into the war. | The countries and regions that took part in World War I (WWI) and their reasons are as follows:
- Austria-Hungary: because their heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated by a Bosnian Serb named Gavrilo Princip.
- Serbia: because Austria-Hungary declared war against them.
- Russia: because they wanted to defend Serbia.
- Germany, France, and Britain: because they were allies with the countries already engaging in the war.
- Middle East, the Alps, the Balkans, and overseas colonies, bringing Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and others: because the Eastern Front of the war was more fluid, but neither side could gain a decisive advantage. Both sides had attempts to overcome the stalemate leading to the war expanding into these regions and countries. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Perched atop Norway's snowy Seven Mountains sits the stunning Tubakuba cabin. But the off-the-grid property, made of glass and wood, isn't just known for it's sweeping views of the city of Bergen below. In order to reach the small architectural marvel, guests are required to crawl through its tunnel-like entryway, which remarkably resembles an otherworldly black hole. High above the city of Bergen in Norway sits the Tubakuba cabin, which boasts a very unusual, vortex-like entryway . Made up entirely of glass and wood, staying overnight in the cabin is free for families with young children . Designed as part of a workshop at the Bergen School of Architecture, OPA Form Architect, Espen Folgero was the mastermind behind the striking cabin. It's name is inspired by the tuba, thanks in large part to its curved entryway that opens like a vortex to the woods outside. The interior is made of plywood, while the exterior is crafted from burnt larch that has been treated with a traditional Japanese method called Shou Sugi Ban to prevent fungal decay. It's the portal-like entrance that's really something special, however, made up of curved shavings of pine and untreated larch, which will turn gray with time. The interior is made of plywood and has floor to ceiling windows along one side to allow guests to experience the breathtaking views . There is no electricity and the cabin's amenities are basic with only a wooden stove, bare wooden platforms and lofted sleeping space . To reach the inside of the 14-square-metre cabin, everyone must crawl through the house's 'black hole' tunnel entrance . Best of all, for families with young children, it's free to stay overnight in the playful space. The 14-square-metre cabin offers basic amenities, such as a wood stove, bare wooden platforms and a lofted sleeping area. There's no electricity, but the property is so small that it doesn't require much heating. And it's the view that guests truly stop by for: large windows overlooking the rocky mountainside give visitors the impression that they are 'floating' above the valley below. Every detail of the tunnel was considered, right down to the the use of untreated larch wood, which will turn grey with time . These drawings show exactly how the architecture students envisioned guests relaxing in the lofted sleeping spaces . Referred to as a 'wooden bubble,' the property has since been nominated for a European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture . Sketching was an important part of the students' learning process and helped them identify structural problems and solutions . The tuba-like tunnel is not just a way to reach the cabin's interior, it's also a play space in and of itself for children if the hut is closed . Speaking to Fast Company, architect Espen Folgero explained the concept behind the avant garde house. 'The entrance is shaped like a mouth of a tuba to experiment with wood as a material, to give children a place to play even if the hut is closed, and to force adults to crouch to get in, even if kids don't have to,' he said. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the Tubakuba has been nominated for the European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture-Mies van de Rohe Award. | The off-the-grid property, made up entirely of glass and wood, sits high above the city of Bergen in Norway . Designed as part of a workshop at the Bergen School of Architecture, the cabin boasts a vortex-like tunnel entrance . Families with young children can stay overnight for free to enjoy the sweeping views of the valley below . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsene Wenger never knows when he is wrong, and that flaw has cost the Arsenal manager, according to his former midfielder Emmanuel Petit. Petit, who was part of Wenger's team at Tuesday night's opponents Monaco before joining him at Highbury in 1997, won the double under the Frenchman the next year, and has known the Arsenal boss for three decades. But as well as praising his former manager's work ethic, the former Gunners star, 44, also questioned Wenger's stubbornness and inability to switch off. Arsene Wenger is preparing to take Arsenal back to his old club Monaco in the Champions League . Petit (right) worked with Wenger at both clubs, but says his former manager has a striking fault . 'He's a workaholic, someone who lives for the job,' Petit told France Football. 'He has a passion, almost pathological, for football. He almost forgets to live his own life. He never disconnects. 'For 35 years he has coached, I've know him for nearly 30, and he has never changed. He has another flaw: he does not recognise when he is wrong.' Petit revealed that, at times of stress, Wenger can be found walking barefoot around the training ground to get back in touch with nature. 'He has tics,' the Premier League winning midfielder continued. For example, when he's fuming and needs to think, he must walk barefoot in the grass. He needs to be in contact with the elements, like in The Matrix!' Petit signed for the Gunners in 1997, alongside Marc Overmars (right), and won the double under Wenger . The Frenchmen celebrate winning the league in 1998, but Petit has said Wenger can be too stubborn . However, the former Gunners midfielder did praise Wenger's man management and his work ethic . Wenger's great strength, however, according to Petit, is his ability to get the best out of his players by understanding them on a personal level. 'Before you are even interested in the football player, he is interested in the individual,' said Petit. 'He attaches great importance to human relations. He is very attentive to detail.' Petit departed Arsenal in 2000 for a short stint at Barcelona, after playing just one season with the man who would go on to become the club's record goalscorer, Thierry Henry. But Petit was quick to stress that his compatriot, who has been working back at the club while doing his coaching badges, should not be talked about as Wenger's successor yet. Thierry Henry, Arsenal's record goalscorer during two spells at the club, has been tipped to succeed Wenger . But Petit says Henry, who was part of the 2004 Invincibles, should not be thought of as a manager yet . 'It's way too early to tell [if Henry can succeed Wenger],' he told RMC Sport. 'We live in a society where fast food is consumed very quickly and we also quickly discard what was consumed. For Henry, as with Zidane, he needs time. 'You do not become a coach just because you pass your degrees. It's like when you become a parent. One becomes a function of his children, we adapt, we learn about ourselves. So getting the degree is one thing. Become a coach week after week, that's something else.' | Arsenal face Monaco on Tuesday night in the UEFA Champions League . Emmanuel Petit played under Arsene Wenger at Monaco and Arsenal . Former Gunners midfielder praises his former manager's work ethic . Petit also reveals Wengers' habits that are 'like in the Matrix' He says Thierry Henry should not be mentioned as Wenger's successor . Nigel Winterburn: Arsenal MUST seriously challenge for Premier League title in next two seasons . CLICK HERE for all the latest Arsenal news . |
List the ingredients used to make a mojito in a bulleted list. | Mojito (/moʊˈhiːtoʊ/; Spanish: [moˈxito]) is a traditional Cuban punch. The cocktail often consists of five ingredients: white rum, sugar (traditionally sugar cane juice), lime juice, soda water, and mint. Its combination of sweetness, citrus, and herbaceous mint flavors is intended to complement the rum, and has made the mojito a popular summer drink.
When preparing a mojito, fresh lime juice is added to sugar (or to simple syrup) and mint leaves. The mixture is then gently mashed with a muddler. The mint leaves should only be bruised to release the essential oils and should not be shredded. Then rum is added and the mixture is briefly stirred to dissolve the sugar and to lift the mint leaves up from the bottom for better presentation. Finally, the drink is topped with crushed ice and sparkling soda water. Mint leaves and lime wedges are used to garnish the glass.
In Cuba, the mint used to make mojito is most commonly Mentha × villosa (called Yerba Buena or Hierbabuena in Cuba) which has a light minty/citrus aroma, but outside of Cuba spearmint is often used which has a stronger mint aroma. | white rum
sugar
lime juice
soda water
mint |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Barcelona defender Gerard Pique was fined 10,500 euros (£7,640) by a Spanish judge on Tuesday for abusing police after the car he was travelling in was given a parking ticket. Pique wrote an apology to the court hearing in Barcelona for the public order offence that took place on Oct. 13, last year. Judge Maria Asuncion Gonzalez fined Pique for 'disrespectful behaviour and being verbally aggressive'. Gerard Pique (left) was fined £7,640 for abusing a police officer over a parking ticket in Barcelona . The centre back's brother was given a ticket for leaving his car in a bus lane in the Port Olimpic area of the city, which is known for its bars and nightclubs. Barcelona take on Villarreal on Wednesday in the Copa del Rey with a 3-1 lead heading into the second leg at the amp El Madrigal. Luis Enrique's side remain two points off rivals Real Madrid in the La Liga table with the El Clasico looking as if it could be a title decider. Pique and his teammates face Villarreal in the Copa del Rey with a 3-1 lead going into the second leg . | Gerard Pique received the £7,640 fine for abusing a police officer . The Barcelona defender appeared at a Barcelona court for the offence . His brother was given the ticket but Pique was 'verbally aggressive' Click here for all the latest Barcelona news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Newcastle have announced the signing of Tonga international prop Taione Vea from London Welsh. The Auckland-born 26-year-old, who has won six caps for Tonga, will join the Falcons on a two-year deal in time for the 2015-16 season. Newcastle director of rugby Dean Richards said of the former Wasps and North Harbour front-rower: 'We're pleased to be able to add Taione to the squad for the next season. He's a quality prop who is a great scrummager and equally strong on the loose work too. Taione Vea (centre) has signed for Newcastle Falcons on a two-year deal from current club London Welsh . Vea breaks through a challenge for London Welsh against Northampton Saints last year . 'As a Tongan international he brings a powerful and skilled head to our front row, although he's also a very humble guy who I know will fit in well with our squad.' The 6ft2in 20-stone Vea, who joined London Welsh from Wasps last summer, said: 'I've spoken with Dean about his plans for Newcastle Falcons and his vision on where the club is going and it sounds like something I want to be involved with. 'I'm still learning a lot and want to get more Premiership experience so I'm looking forward to doing that at Newcastle Falcons.' Vea has six caps for Tonga and previously played for Wasps before moving to join London Welsh last summer . | Newcastle have signed Tonga prop Taione Vea from London Welsh . Falcons tie 26-year-old down to a two-year deal in time for 2015-16 season . Director of rugby Dean Richards praises prop as a 'great scrummager' |
Which of the 10 largest earthquakes was the deadliest? | Largest Earthquakes ever recorded
The 10 largest magnitudes in recorded history
1. Valdivia, Chile 22 May 1960 (magnitude 9.5)
This earthquake killed 1655 people, injured 3000 and displaced two million. It caused US$550 million damage in Chile, while the tsunami that it spawned caused deaths and damage as far away as Hawaii, Japan and the Philippines. The 'rupture zone' of the quake was more than 1000 km long. Two days after the initial quake, the nearby volcano Puyehue erupted, sending ash and steam up to 6 km into the atmosphere over a period of several weeks.
2. Prince William Sound, Alaska 28 March 1964 (magnitude 9.2)
Compared to the Chilean earthquake, this earthquake was less damaging: the resulting tsunami took 128 lives and caused overall US$311 million in damage. The earthquake was felt mainly over Alaska, as well as some places in Canada, while the tsunami created by it caused damage as far away as Hawaii. The most damage was sustained by the city of Anchorage, 120 km north-west of the epicentre. Shaking from the quake itself is reported to have lasted for three minutes.
3. Sumatra, Indonesia 26 December 2004 (magnitude 9.1)
In terms of damage and loss of life, the scale of the disaster caused by the resulting Boxing Day Tsunami was enormous. In total, 227,900 people were killed or presumed dead, with around 1.7 million displaced over 14 countries in South Asia and East Africa. The epicentre was 250 km south-east of Band Aceh, Indonesia, at a depth of 30 km. Several days later on 28 December, a mud volcano began erupting near Baratang, Andamar Islands, which is thought to have been associated with the earthquake.
4. Sendai, Japan 11 March 2011 (magnitude 9.0)
So far the official death toll stands at several thousand from the combined effect of the powerful earthquake, aftershocks and the tsunami. However, the total is expected to rise, with some estimates of a final toll of over 10,000. Economic impacts are expected to be huge, with the shutting down of nuclear reactors which many industries rely on for power.
5. Kamchatka, Russia 4 November 1952 (magnitude 9.0)
This earthquake generated a tsunami that caused widespread damage in the Hawaiian Islands. Property damage was estimated at around US$1,000,000. Some reports describe waves of over 9 m high at Kaena Point, Oahu. A farmer on Oahu reported the loss of six cows to the tsunami, but no people were reported killed.
6. Bio-bio, Chile 27 February 2010 (magnitude 8.8)
This earthquake and subsequent tsunami killed at least 521 people, with 56 missing and 12,000 injured. More than 800,000 people were displaced with a total of 1.8m people affected across Chile, where damage was estimated at US$30 billion. The epicentre was 335 km south-west of Santiago, at a depth of 35 km. A minor tsunami travelled across the Pacific causing damage to boats as far away as San Diego, California.
7. Off the coast of Ecuador 31 January 1906 (magnitude 8.8)
This earthquake caused a tsunami that is reported to have killed between 500 and 1,500 in Ecuador and Colombia. The tsunami travelled as far north as San Francisco, on the west coast of the US, and west to Hawaii and Japan. The tsunami took roughly 12 hours to cross the Pacific to Hilo, Hawaii.
8. Rat Islands, Alaska 2 April 1965 (magnitude 8.7)
The worst of the damage attributed to this earthquake was caused by a tsunami, reported to be about 10 m high on Shemya Island. The wave caused flooding on Amchitka Island, causing US$10,000 in property damage. No deaths or injuries were reported.
9. Sumatra, Indonesia 28 March 2005 (magnitude 8.6)
This earthquake killed 1313, with over 400 people injured by the tsunami as far away as Sri Lanka. The epicentre was 205 km north-west of Sibolga, Sumatra, at a depth of 30 km. This region, also the site of the 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami, is particularly geologically active, with three of the 15 biggest known earthquakes having happened here.
10. Assam - Tibet 15 August 1950 (magnitude 8.6)
This inland earthquake caused widespread damages to buildings as well as large landslides. 780 people were killed in eastern Tibet, with many villages and towns affected across Assam, China, Tibet and India. Oscillations to lake levels occurred as far away as Norway. The total death toll is likely to be higher, as no definitive total was ever estimated. While the earthquake itself is known as the Assam Earthquake, it is believed the epicentre may have been in Tibet. | The 2004 earthquake on Sumatra, Indonesia was the deadliest. It caused a tsunami that killed more than 200,000 people. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A well-heeled employer goes back to his hotel after a hard(ish) day's work and finds no hot dinner on the table. He snaps, lashing out (allegedly) at the nearest underling who could be held responsible. Within days, almost 1 million people sign a petition for him not to lose his job, while the suspension of the TV program he presents loses the BBC 4 million viewers. Why is this man so popular that he can be accused of abusing his staff (not to mention members of other ethnic groups and nationalities) and seemingly get away with it? A serial offender, Jeremy Clarkson seems to enjoy a charmed life. But, with the BBC now deliberating over his future, has his luck finally run out? Not a chance. Clarkson, like so many celebrities, sees his stock grow with every controversy. Every indiscretion seems calculated to raise his profile and boost his esteem among his fervent followers that little bit further. The "Eeny, meeny, miny, moe" incident, which saw the N-word slip out -- whoops, did I really hear what I think I heard? -- was designed to achieve just the right effect: offensive enough to generate howls of protest, but trivial enough for his fans to spring to his defense, crying "over-reaction" and "storm in a teacup." The presenter later apologized, saying his efforts to obscure the offending word "weren't quite good enough." On this latest occasion, was it the beleaguered producer lodging a complaint, or, like any normal person who's been punched in the face by a thug, pressing charges with the local constabulary? No, it was none other than Clarkson who willingly gave himself up to the corporation. Go on, sack me, he seemed to be saying, when he told a reporter that his dismissal "is coming, isn't it?" See how my adoring public likes that. Former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi and Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho are, like Clarkson, seasoned experts in rebranding themselves (or their team) as the victims, even when they seem to have everything going for them bar the position of the stars. They have all perfected the glum, hangdog expression that invites sympathy, begging forgiveness for each misdemeanour. It makes their success all the sweeter if they can convince us that they achieved it in the face of hostility. While waiting for the BBC to deliver its verdict, Clarkson penned an article for The Sun in which he likened himself to a "dinosaur" whose time is about to run out, knowing full well that his followers will protest: no, of course you're not washed up and irrelevant, Jeremy. Britain needs you to stand up to Johnny Foreigner! It is almost tempting to wonder whether there might be a political role ahead of him should the Beeb decide to give him the push for once and for all (I use the word "political" advisedly here). The Romans had a goddess, Fama, who fanfared both good and bad deeds for all eternity. Badly behaved celebrities have their trumpets blown by the massed forces of the media, which are of course only too pleased to have such good copy. Clarkson is already assured of immortality, if only through YouTube or its futuristic equivalent, but while waiting to shuffle off this mortal coil he -- like all celebrities -- acts as a conduit of divinity. He is the chain that binds the earthly audience to the goddess Fama, and this is why we allow him to act in such a beastly way, without complaining (too much). In the east of India, holy intermediaries called Kalasis beat devotees with canes. The devotees flinch with the mortal pain, but they receive it as a blessing. Contestants on the X Factor queue all night for the opportunity to be verbally abused by Simon Cowell. Bruises, actual and emotional, are worn with pride, whether delivered by the Kalasis cane, Cowell's tongue, or Clarkson's fist (allegedly). They are blessed that are touched by celebrity. So how about Oisin Tymon, Clarkson's hapless producer, who, according to the Daily Telegraph, had to seek hospital treatment for a cut lip following the "fracas?" Had he presented poor, weary Jeremy with a nice succulent steak on his arrival that evening, he would still be languishing in the realms of the unknown. And don't feel sorry for the hotel owner either: just watch bookings at Simonstone Hall, the Yorkshire hotel where the alleged incident took place, go through the roof. They may as well start engraving that blue plaque now. | Top Gear Jeremy Clarkson allegedly lashed out a producer, prompting BBC to cancel broadcast of program . Clarkson, like so many celebrities, sees his stock grow with every controversy, says David Giles . Clarkson is already assured of immortality, says Giles, adding that like all celebrities -- the presenter acts as conduit of divinity . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | When Frank Lampard came on as a late substitute for Manchester City on Wednesday night he broke the record for most appearances in the knockout stages of the Champions League. The former Chelsea midfielder was thrown on in the 87th minute by manager Manuel Pellegrini, in what is likely to be his last ever Champions League game, as City were dumped out by Barcelona after a 3-1 aggregate defeat in the last 16. It was Lampard's 52nd match in the latter stages of Europe's top club competition moving him one clear of a group of four players. Frank Lampard came on as a late sub on Wednesday to make 52nd Champions League knockout appearance . Lampard is unlikely to add to his tally as he prepares to join New York City in the summer . Cristiano Ronald Ronaldo will overtake Lampard if he plays in both legs of Real Madrid's quarter-final . Iker Casillas could also overtake the former England international following completion of the last-eight tie . Real Madrid pair Cristiano Ronaldo and Iker Casillas, Barcelona midfiedler Xavi and Manchester United goalkeeper Victor Valdes are all tied on 51 appearances in the knockout stage. Lampard, who won the competition with Chelsea in 2012, is only likely to hold the record for less than one month with Ronaldo, Casillas and Xavi, to a lesser extent, set to feature for their sides in next month's quarter-finals. Former England international Lampard will join New York City in the summer and, barring an unlikely return to Europe, will not get the chance to add to his tally of Champions League knockout games. John Terry and Andres Iniesta are the only other two players in the top 10 that are still playing, while Lionel Messi just misses out on the list. The Barcelona forward is on 45 appearances, however, and is almost certain to make his way towards the top in the coming seasons. Lionel Messi is currently on 45 knockout appearances and should make the top 10 after the quarter-finals . Xavi was an unused sub against Man City but could still add to his tally this season . | Frank Lampard came on as late sub for Manchester City on Wednesday . It was his 52nd appearance in latter stages of UEFA Champions League . Midfielder is now one ahead of Cristiano Ronaldo, Iker Casillas and Xavi . Record likely to last less than one month when quarter-finals are played . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester City news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Moscow (CNN)Russian President Vladimir Putin awarded medals Monday to Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov and to Andrei Lugovoi, the suspect in the murder of former Russian security agent Alexander Litvinenko, among more than 30 other honorees. Kadyrov was given the Order of Merit. The decree signed by Putin states: "For work achievements, active social activities and many years of diligent work the Order of Merit is awarded to Ramzan Kadyrov, the President of the Chechen Republic." Lugovoi, the suspect in the poisoning death of former Russian security agent Alexander Litvinenko, was given a second-class medal of the Order of Merit for the Motherland, according to Putin's decree. Sergey Kislyak, a diplomat who's been serving as Russia's ambassador to the United States since 2008, was also among the honorees. He was cited as an "Honored employee of a diplomatic service." Lugovoi is an MP in Russia's lower house of parliament for the nationalist and pro-Kremlin Liberal Democratic Party. He is deputy chairman of the lower house's security and anti-corruption committee. He also has hosted a show called "Traitors" on Russian TV and runs a restaurant in Moscow. Kadyrov has spoken out about the assassination of opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, defending Zaur Dadayev, one of the Chechens charged in the shooting. "Zaur Dadayev was a Russian Interior Ministry officer who served with distinction," Kadyrov said on his Instagram account. Putin's spokesman Dmitry Peskov said it was a coincidence that the arrest of suspects in Nemtsov's killing happened around the same time as the award to the Chechen President. In an interview with Russian business outlet RBC, he stressed that the decree on awards was filed several months ago. | Russian President honors more than 30 people, including Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov . Also honored: Andrei Lugovoi, charged by the UK with London murder of former Russian security agent . Russian ambassador to the U.S. is cited as "honored employee of a diplomatic service" |
Extract the most commonly used term to describe bitcoin and simplify it in one sentence | Bitcoin is a protocol which implements a highly available, public, permanent, and decentralized ledger. In order to add to the ledger, a user must prove they control an entry in the ledger. The protocol specifies that the entry indicates an amount of a token, bitcoin with a minuscule b. The user can update the ledger, assigning some of their bitcoin to another entry in the ledger. Because the token has characteristics of money, it can be thought of as a digital currency. | Bitcoin is basically a secure way to maintain a virtual ledger |
Given this paragraph, what is the strongest part of the scapholunate ligament? | The scapholunate ligament is an intraarticular ligament binding the scaphoid and lunate bones of the wrist together. It is divided into three areas, dorsal, proximal and palmar, with the dorsal segment being the strongest part. It is the main stabilizer of the scaphoid. In contrast to the scapholunate ligament, the lunotriquetral ligament is more prominent on the palmar side. | Given this text, the dorsal segment is the strongest part of the scapholunate ligament. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | These candid photos reveal what life is like in a poverty-stricken village in Cuba – and how much the Caribbean island’s rural communities could benefit from an influx of American tourists. Thawing relations between the US and Cuban governments could open isolated communities to new economic opportunities once the US fully lifts its ban on trade and travel. It’s in villages such as Gabriel where visitors can experience a side of the Caribbean island that few holidaymakers bother to see. Scroll down for video . People linger outside a residence, where meat is sold at a roadside stand, in the rural village of Gabriel, Cuba . Cuba's rural communities, where there are few jobs, could benefit the most from thawing relations between the US and Cuban governments . Like in Havana, posters or paintings of revolutionary hero Che Guevara are visible everywhere in the village of Gabriel . A salesman waits for customers at his roadside stand, where customers can buy fresh vegetables and fruit from a local farm . In Gabriel, there are very few cars, workers harvest tomatoes by hand, farmers sell produce and meat at roadside stands, goods are transported by horse and buggy or tractor, and – just like in the capital of Havana – posters or paintings of revolutionary hero Che Guevara are visible everywhere. While life goes on as normal in 'the real Cuba', talks continue to take place between US and Cuban officials to restore full diplomatic relations and move towards opening trade. The old Cold War foes are claiming progress after a second round of discussions to end a half-century diplomatic freeze. Presidents Barack Obama and Raul Castro have promised to restore embassies in each other’s capitals, although a few hurdles remain, including Cuba’s place on the US state sponsor of terrorism blacklist. Thawing relations between the US and Cuban governments could open isolated communities to new economic opportunities . It is likely that with economic sanctions lifted, Cuba will change forever, and there are fears it will lose some of its unique identity . In Gabriel, Cuba, there are very few cars, workers harvest tomatoes by hand, and goods are transported by horse and buggy or tractor . The US is planning to ease travel and trade restrictions with Cuba, a former Cold War foe, after agreeing to restore ties severed since 1961 . While most US tourists will likely stick to Havana or all-inclusive resorts on the sea once the ban on travel is lifted, rural villages who do welcome foreigners are not prepared to handle them in large numbers. Many lack running water, suitable accommodation and modern facilities, including toilets. With Cuba poised to open itself up to a massive market for holidaymakers, tourists from outside the US are being warned that if they want to see 'the real Cuba' they should book their trips now, before the Caribbean country becomes 'Americanised'. Rural villages are not prepared to handle foreign tourists in large numbers, as there are very few modern facilities . With many issues unresolved, the US is hoping to reach agreement on reopening embassies in time for a regional summit in Panama in April . Some travel experts are encouraging tourists to visit Cuba sooner rather than later if they want to see unadulterated local culture . In rural Cuba, villagers make a living by selling vegetables, fruit and meat from local farms . The number of tourists visiting Havana has seen a steady increase following the normalisation of Cuba-US relations last year . While the landmark thaw in relations signals a positive future for Cuba, travellers looking to explore the 'timewarp' nation are being urged to go before it changes forever. TravelSupermarket travel expert Bob Atkinson recently told MailOnline Travel: 'It really is a unique place to visit, and once it becomes fully open to the Americans, they will without doubt pile in. 'Havana was seen as a party destination for Americans years ago, such was its close proximity to Florida. Presidents Barack Obama and Raul Castro have promised to restore embassies in each other’s capitals, although a few hurdles remain . One of the biggest hurdles is Cuba's place on a US list of state sponsors of terrorism, from which Cuba is pushing to be removed . Tourists on a double-decker bus take in the sights, including a local football match, during a tour of Havana, Cuba's capital . If the US lifts its restrictions on travel and trade, one of the biggest draws for American tourists could be Major League Baseball games . 'However you look at it, opening up to the Americans will change the way it feels and I think this will be to the detriment to the culture and heritage of the place. If restrictions are lifted and Cuba becomes a popular destination for US tourists once again, one of the biggest draws could be the countries’ shared love of baseball. Major League Baseball is considering playing spring exhibition games on the baseball-mad island nation, where American teams played before Fidel Castro came to power. Major league teams regularly held spring training camps in Cuba in the 1940s and ‘50s, and there have been discussions to bring them back to the country once the governments officially end the diplomatic freeze. | In village of Gabriel, farmers sell produce and meat at roadside stands, and there are very few cars . Like in Havana, paintings or posters of revolutionary hero Che Guevara are visible everywhere . US and Cuban government officials continue to hold talks to end half-century diplomatic freeze . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Gareth Bale is approaching the end of his second season at Real Madrid, but the world's most expensive player admits he still finds it surreal to be called a 'Galactico'. The Wales international left Tottenham for the Spanish capital in September 2013, and has already won a Champions League, Copa del Rey, UEFA Super Cup and Club World Cup in the white of Los Blancos. It has been quite a rise for the 25-year-old, who admits it still feels odd to be playing for one of the world's biggest clubs. He is becoming used to the media attention, but is particularly aware of it during the high-profile training sessions at Valdebebas. Don't get nutmegged, Gareth! Bale and his Real Madrid team-mates train at Valdebebas last week . Bale (right) aims a shot past the outstretched leg of Pepe during a training session with Real Madrid . 'It is a bit surreal to be called a "Galactico",' Bale told FourFourTwo. 'The one thing you don't want is to be on the end of a nutmeg [at training] - especially with the rows of cameras. 'We are always getting killed out there and I just try not to let it be me. Whenever someone gets nutmegged, we are all jumping and joking.' Carlo Ancelotti's side remain top of La Liga, despite a disappointing draw against Villarreal last time out. They will look to get back to winning ways at Athletic Bilbao at the weekend. The Welshman dives to keep the ball in play during Madrid's 1-1 draw with Villarreal last time out . Bale celebrates after scoring in the Champions League final in May; Madrid's second of four goals . | Gareth Bale joined Real Madrid from Tottenham in September 2013 . He has already won four trophies for Los Blancos since his arrival . The Welshman says it is still strange to be called a 'Galactico' Bale admits he tries desperately to avoid getting nutmegged at training . CLICK HERE for all the latest Real Madrid news . |
Give me a bulleted list of the distinctive physical characteristics of Beavers described in this passage. | Beavers have large skulls and powerful chewing muscles. They have four chisel-shaped incisors that continue to grow throughout their lives. The incisors are covered in a thick enamel that is colored orange or reddish-brown by iron compounds. The lower incisors have roots that are almost as long as the entire lower jaw. Beavers have one premolar and three molars on all four sides of the jaws, adding up to 20 teeth. The molars have meandering ridges for grinding woody material. The eyes, ears and nostrils are arranged so that they can remain above water while the rest of the body is submerged. The nostrils and ears have valves that close underwater, while nictitating membranes cover the eyes. To protect the larynx and trachea from water flow, the epiglottis is contained within the nasal cavity instead of the throat. In addition, the back of the tongue can rise and create a waterproof seal. A beaver's lips can close behind the incisors, preventing water from entering their mouths as they cut and bite onto things while submerged. | - Large skulls
-Four chisel shaped incisors covered in thick orange or reddish-brown enamel
- One premolar and three molars on all four sides of the jaw
- Nostril valves that close underwater
- Membranes that can cover the eyes underwater |
Which of the Jurassic Park movies were based on novels? | Jurassic Park, later also referred to as Jurassic World, is an American science fiction media franchise created by Michael Crichton and centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to Crichton's novel Jurassic Park before it was published. The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg's 1993 film adaptation. The film received a theatrical 3D re-release in 2013, and was selected in 2018 for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". A 1995 sequel novel, The Lost World, was followed by a film adaptation in 1997. Subsequent films in the series, including Jurassic Park III (2001), are not based on the novels.
In 2015, a second trilogy of films began with the fourth film in the series, Jurassic World. The film was successful, becoming the first film to gross over $500 million worldwide in its opening weekend, and grossed over $1.6 billion through the course of its theatrical run, making it the third highest-grossing film at the time. It became the second highest-grossing film of 2015, and is currently the eighth highest-grossing film of all time. When adjusted for monetary inflation, Jurassic World is the second highest-grossing film in the franchise after Jurassic Park. A sequel, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, making it the third Jurassic film to pass the billion-dollar mark. It is the third highest-grossing film of 2018, and currently the 18th highest-grossing film of all time. The final film in the trilogy, Jurassic World Dominion, was released in 2022. It grossed over $1 billion worldwide and became the third highest-grossing film of 2022. Jurassic World Dominion also became the fourth film in the franchise to pass the billion-dollar mark. | Jurassic Park and The Lost World are based on novels. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Footage has emerged of doomed Bali Nine ringleader Andrew Chan speaking about second chances just hours after the first round of executions on January 18. The heartbreaking video shows Chan speaking from what is believed to be inside Kerobokan jail. Behind him prison bars are visible as he looks tearily into the camera and talks in soft spoken tones. Scroll down for video . The heartbreaking video shows Andrew Chan speaking from what is believed to be inside Kerobokan jail . The 30-second video was aired on Channel Seven's Sunday Night. 'My name's Andrew Chan,' the convicted drug smuggler said. 'It's a day - pretty much a few hours - after the execution of six innocent lives. 'Guess what runs through my head is about how precious life really is.' On January 18, five people were executed by firing squad on Nusakambangan - Indonesia's 'Death Island - in Central Java. Dutchman Ang Kiem Soe, Brazilian Marco Archer Cardoso Moreira, Nigerian Daniel Enemuo, Malawi's Namaona Denis and Indonesia's Rani Adriani were killed that day. Another woman Tran Bich Hanh, from Vietnam, was also put to death nearby. Myuran Sukuraman (right) revealed he knew the identity of ringleader Mr Big and tried to strike a deal with Indonesian police to spare his life, while Chan (left) denied he knew anything about him . Kerobokan prison had been the Bali Nine duo's home for 10 years after they were found guilty of drug smuggling . Their deaths triggered Chan to ask: 'I guess sometimes you kinda got to think, what does it take to get a second chance? 'People get second chances within their lives on the outside, but how much can you get when you’re a convicted criminal.' Since they were sentenced to death, Chan converted to Christianity and studied to become a pastor while behind bars. At the same time, Sukuraman - under the tutelage of Ben Quilty - has become an artist, even teaching inmates how to paint. This turnaround in the pair has led many to believe they have been rehabilitated. Sunday Night also revealed fellow Bali Nine member Myuran Sukuraman knew the identity of 'Mr Big' - the ringleader of the group - but did not want to name him publicly as he feared for the safety his family. Sukuraman told the news program he had tried to trade this information to avoid the death penalty, but Indonesian police refused the offer. Myuran Sukuraman (left) and Andrew Chan (right) are being led to an armoured vehicle at Cilacap airport in Central Java on Wednesday . 'We tried with the police to get some sort of co-operation thing but there weren't really like that was our only card that we had to play,' he said. 'They wouldn't and then the lawyers advised us not to go that way.' While Chan said he did not know the identity of the mystery ringleader. Sukuraman also admitted he had thought about hanging himself or getting someone else to shoot him. 'I don't really think I'll enjoy the process of being dragged in front of a firing squad,' he said. The pair are being held on Nusakambangan where inmates are held before they executed . The duo have been on Nusakambangan since Wednesday. The pair were transferred just after 5am in heavily armoured vehicles to Denpasar airport, where they flew to Cilacap - the port nearest to Nusakambangan - where they were ferried over to the island. Their executions have been delayed indefinitely as a number of inmates await the outcome of court proceedings. Chan and Sukuraman's second challenge for clemency was rejected in January but their lawyers hope Thursday's hearing in a Jakarta court. This latest action hopes to see the president reconsider their execution as Joko Widodo did not have documents charting the pair's rehabilitation in prison, according their lawyers. | Video surfaces of Andrew Chan reflecting on life after January's executions . It is believed Bali Nine member is speaking from inside Kerobokan jail . A visibly emotional Chan asks: 'What does it take to get a second chance?' Myuran Sukuraman also revealed he knew ringleader Mr Big's identity . He tried to trade this information for a reduced sentence but police refused . Bali Nine duo are facing death row and are now on Indonesia's Death Island . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | There is a digital clock in the foyer of the old RFU offices on Rugby Road that is counting down to the beginning of the World Cup. As England walked out to play Scotland yesterday evening, it said there were 180 days to go. Everything England do in this Six Nations is being seen through the prism of their prospects in the tournament which will start here at Twickenham on September 18 with their opener against Fiji. When Stuart Lancaster’s side failed their biggest test of this competition, slumping to a shattering 19-9 loss to Ireland at the Aviva Stadium a fortnight ago, many observers said the rest of the Six Nations was redundant for them. Exeter wing Jack Nowell crosses over to score England's third try and send them top of the Six Nations table . Ben Youngs hands off a tackle as England recovered from a half-time deficit to win at Twickenham . VIDEO O2 Inside Line: England v Scotland match review . They said that the match against Ireland was the only game that could tell us whether England were making significant progress in the build-up to the World Cup and nothing that happened in their last two games against France or Scotland mattered. They were damned for the manner of their defeat, of course. Unflattering comparisons were drawn with where this side stands six months before the World Cup to the level Clive Woodward’s side had reached at the same stage prior to the 2003 tournament. ‘Based on their performances in the Six Nations, England are running the risk of being labelled the most foolish team in the competition,’ England World Cup winner Will Greenwood wrote. ‘England need to play with tempo, yes, but they need to do it with their rugby brains fully engaged and that is not what they have been doing at key moments.’ England won the game but they haven't shown enough to convince yet during the Six Nations . Mike Brown was one of the better performers but England spurned too many opportunities at Twickenham . Despite the predictions, though, Saturday's battle for the Calcutta Cup told us plenty about England’s prospects in the autumn. It wasn’t all good by any means. In fact, the evidence of an exhilarating first half suggested again that England are still short of the standard they have to achieve to be realistic contenders for the World Cup. It felt like a wasted opportunity. Despite concerns that the match had not sold out, the atmosphere at Twickenham had been bolstered by the scenes playing on the screens inside and outside the stadium from Cardiff where Wales’ victory over Ireland put England back in with a chance of winning the Six Nations. When England tore Scotland apart in the opening minutes, it felt as if this could yet be the game that ignited their confidence and laid the foundation for future success. That feeling did not last for long. George Ford got England off to a perfect start in the second-half but the first half will have worried them . The England squad smile for the cameras having defeated Scotland 25-13 to win the Calcutta Cup . Defeating Scotland however will not lead the top nations to fear England, and time is running out . England were not ruthless enough in attack. They squandered chance after chance to convert breakaways, eschewing easy passes, making the wrong decisions. They should have scored four tries before half-time but they were limited to Jonathan Joseph’s score after a neat sidestep five minutes into the game. It seemed then as if England were about to embark on the points rampage that would put them in prime position ahead of the final fixtures of the competition next weekend. That rampage did not materialise. Instead, Scotland came back into the game and more doubts began to surface about England. This time, it was their defence which suffered in comparison to the heroic efforts of the Welsh earlier in the day. Mark Bennett bulldozed his way over for a score with Scotland’s first chance of the game midway through the half. Twickenham may still be a formidable place to get a result, but England are not unbeatable there . Tom Youngs (centre) leads an England breakaway as Lancaster's side returned to the Six Nations summit . England allowed Scotland back into the game too easily, and they lack momentum heading to the World Cup . Scotland actually led 13-10 at the interval. Their supporters began to dream of a first victory at Twickenham for 32 years. It was hardly the response to the defeat in Dublin that Lancaster was looking for. ‘England need to be careful out there or they could end up with real egg on their face,’ Woodward said at half-time. England banished that idea when George Ford burst over for a try three minutes into the second half but, even though Scotland never threatened again, England remained unconvincing. There were times when they seemed to be trying to set a new record for ways in which they could ruin their good work. Anthony Watson runs clear but England repeatedly failed to take their chances at Twickenham on Saturday . Twice they had tries ruled out for forward passes. A late score in the corner from Jack Nowell put a healthier gloss on the result but they will only take a four-point advantage over Ireland into the deciding weekend. It should have been more and when the final whistle went, it was met only by lukewarm applause. Sure, England may yet win the Six Nations next Saturday but the truth is that there is no sense of momentum about their build-up to the World Cup. There are moments when they excite, certainly, but there are times when they bewilder, too. The suspicion remains that even here at Twickenham, the best in the world will be too much for them in the autumn. And all the time, that clock in the old RFU headquarters keeps on counting down. | England beat Scotland 25-13 at Twickenham but missed several chances . The biggest test for Stuart Lancaster's side came in defeat by Ireland . But even after setback, England had chance to lay down a marker . Even if England win Six Nations, they will not take momentum into autumn . Top teams will still feel England are beatable, even at Twickenham . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Gary Neville surveyed Tottenham's right-side and described it as a 'graveyard' after it was torn apart in the first-half by Manchester United. The problem for England coach Neville and his boss Roy Hodgson, who was at Old Trafford, was that this graveyard shift was manned by four Englishmen: Kyle Walker, Andros Townsend, Ryan Mason and Eric Dier. Like Harry Kane and Danny Rose, also in the Spurs team, they had been hoping to deliver the type of display which might catch Hodgson's eye for the right reasons after he had changed his plans and hit the north, rather than go to Chelsea. Andros Townsend fails to hide his frustration after being taken off at Old Trafford during a torrid first half . England manager Roy Hodgson takes his seat to watch Manchester United and Tottenham on Sunday . The England squad will be named on Thursday for games against Lithuania and Italy and although Kane is certain to be involved, despite failing to make an impact in the 3-0 defeat at Manchester United when his first effort on goal came in the 89th minute. Spurs defended terribly and were killed off by three first-half goals before completing the game in something of a daze as United coasted home and it damages their hopes of finishing in the top four and reaching the Champions League. Mauricio Pochettino dubbed it the worst performance since he arrived at White Hart Lane last summer and promised to examine what went wrong before they return to action against Leicester on Saturday. Marouane Fellaini buries this chance for United's opener inside the first 10 minutes despite Eric Dier's tackle . Manager Mauricio Pochettino (left) attempted to change Tottenham's fortunes by replacing Townsend . The Tottenham defence were in disarray as Michael Carrick has the time to head in for Manchester United . 'I am not disappointed with the result but I am worried about the performance,' said Pochettino. 'You can lose here but the performance was very poor. We need to analyse and try to fix that. We're all disappointed. Not only me. But all the team. We need to understand why it happened. We need to fix it. That maybe the poorest we've played this season. 'We came, ready to compete but from the beginning it was difficult. We didn't play our normal way. The first half was poor and at 3-0 it is difficult to come back. 'We tried to play forward as is our philosophy, but it is difficult when you concede and make a lot of mistakes. Individually and collectively, we were very poor and that's why we lost the game. The key factor was us. We were the key factor in the game. Wayne Rooney celebrates compounding Tottenham's misery, scoring the third goal at Old Trafford . 'We didn't deliver a good performance. We made a lot of mistakes. We never found our way to play and allowed Manchester United to play.' Townsend was hauled off after half an hour and replaced by Mousa Dembele as Pochettino tried to get hold of possession as they were being over-run by United in midfield. 'It was not because Andros was poor,' he said. 'We tried to change to keep the ball.' Soon after the switch, a mistake by Nabil Bentaleb presented Wayne Rooney with the third goal and Tottenham's fate was sealed before the break. Mason also came off, early in the second half with a 'knock' while Emmanuel Adebayor returned for his first appearance since January as a late substitute. Adebayor was back in the squad because Roberto Soldado hurt his knee in training, on Saturday. Pochettino said Soldado's injury was 'not serious'. VIDEO Top four still possible - Pochettino . Mauricio Pochettino didn't look impressed as his side are blown out of the water in the first half . | Manchester United comprehensively beat Tottenham 3-0 on Sunday . Tottenham's right-side in particular struggled at Old Trafford . Gary Neville and England manager Roy Hodgson were at the match . England squad named on Thursday for games with Lithuania and Italy . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England's top football clubs, all out of the Champions League before the quarter-finals, are concerned their chances of signing the next generation of stars are being hampered by the FA’s new regulations governing agents. The rules, which come into force next month after FIFA passed the buck on managing the middle men to national associations, include a ban on agents earning money for representing players under 18 years old. As a result, clubs fear there will no longer be a level playing field in the global hunt for young talent because the players’ representatives will want them to sign for teams in countries where the agents’ code is far more relaxed. Arsene Wenger vents his frustration on the sideline as Arsenal crash out of the Champions League . Lionel Messi (second left) was at his mesmerising best as Barcelona beat Manchester City on Wednesday . And English clubs, who will abide by the rules, have further worries on how these restrictions will be policed by the FA, with agents no longer needing a licence to operate. The competitive market in signing teenage prospects is shown by the Chelsea juniors who have just reached their fourth consecutive FA Youth Cup final. Among the class of 2015 are Jay Dasilva, plucked from Luton at 13, while Isaiah Brown, on the fringe of the first team, arrived from West Bromwich at 16. Isaiah Brown is on the fringe of the Chelsea first team having arrived from West Bromwich aged 16 . BT Sport’s rugby coverage has been recognised for its class by most of its pundits, presenters and commentators being plundered for the World Cup. ITV are taking on loan Brian O’Driscoll, Lawrence Dallaglio (right), Ben Kay, Ugo Monye, Craig Doyle, Sarra Elgan and Nick Mullins while BBC 5 Live have made temporary signings in Matt Dawson and Alastair Eykyn. After the fallout from England players’ bad behaviour on a Land Rover promotional day during the 2011 World Cup in New Zealand, it makes sense that none of the England backers have been given sponsorship days with the squad during the 2015 tournament. However, the RFU claim the team have behaved ‘impeccably’ on sponsorship duty since Stuart Lancaster took charge in 2012. The RFU claim England have behaved ‘impeccably’ on sponsorship duty since Stuart Lancaster took charge . UK Sport spent £46,272 on a survey by research company COMRES ‘reassuring’ the organisation their no-compromise approach to funding only Olympic medal contenders is overwhelmingly the right one. As predicted, the only real change is that participation numbers will now be taken into consideration in judging sports with equal medal chances. So basketball, whose loss of backing from UK Sport led to enough criticism of the no-compromise strategy for the survey to be commissioned, will continue to rely on special case hand-outs from Sport England to afford to participate in elite competition. At a time when the ECB need to get their PR act together, head of selectors James Whitaker chose not to front a print-media briefing when announcing the England Test squad for the West Indies. This meant when Whitaker, a hapless public performer, got in an embarrassing tangle with Radio 5 Live’s Pat Murphy over Kevin Pietersen and his possible England return, he did not have the press conference to redress the mixed messages coming out of the ECB over what KP has been promised — which is nothing. Kevin Pietersen's possible England return got James Whitaker in a flap with Radio 5 Live's Pat Murphy . Swimming have been remarkably positive about Sport England taking a whopping £667,895 from their grass-roots monies after a steep decline in participation. In fact Amateur Swimming Association CEO Adam Paker even welcomed ‘Sport England’s continued investment’. The sport realises the cuts could have been more drastic and the lost cash will at least stay in the sport as swimming pool operators, working with ASA, have been charged with making venues more customer-friendly. FIFA president Sepp Blatter has not only turned down the opportunity to take part in a live TV debate with his three rivals, but also the opportunity to speak as a candidate at the UEFA Congress in Vienna next week. Instead Blatter only wants the microphone to address Congress as FIFA president. Meanwhile, there have been a flurry of national association football chiefs from around the globe coming into Zurich for audiences with Blatter, which FIFA somehow claim is ‘business as usual’ rather than electioneering. FIFA president Sepp Blatter turned down the opportunity to take part in a live TV debate with his three rivals . | English football's top clubs fear the FA's new regulations governing agents . Clubs fear there will no longer be a level playing field in hunt for talent . Agents are banned from earning money for representing players under 18 . Clubs fear players will move to countries where agents' code is relaxed . |
Given this article on Donkey Kong Country 2, who is the villain of the plot and where does the story take place? | Some time after Donkey Kong Country, Donkey Kong is relaxing on the beach, until he is ambushed by the Kremlings. He gets kidnapped and brought to Kaptain K. Rool, King K. Rool's moniker in this game, who then demands the Banana Hoard he unsuccessfully tried to steal in the previous game for a ransom from the Kongs. Instead of complying, Diddy Kong and his friend Dixie resolve to go to the Kremling's home island, Crocodile Isle, to rescue Donkey Kong. Together, they travel through Crocodile Isle and are helped on their way by an assortment of animals to defeat Kaptain K. Rool. Diddy and Dixie eventually battle and defeat K. Rool, releasing Donkey Kong in the process. K. Rool manages to escape though, and shortly after, Diddy and Dixie confront him in the Lost World, a secret area powered by a geyser at the heart of Crocodile Isle. They once again defeat K. Rool, who is hurled into the geyser, causing it to clog up and explode. The explosion causes all of Crocodile Isle to sink, as the Kongs watch K. Rool escape on a small sailboat. | Kaptain K. Rool is the villain and kidnaps Donkey Kong. The story takes places on the Kremling's home island, Crocodile Isle. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A fallen tree branch became much more frightening when it not only held up traffic, but began to slither. Jette Petersen and her family had just moved to Davidson on the Northern Beaches and did not expect a welcoming present so large. Petersen told Daily Mail Australia she heard a car on the street slam on its brakes and assumed a branch had fallen down from a tree, but then it moved. "I screamed and called out to the whole family that there was a huge snake on the street," she said. SCROLL DOWN FOR VIDEO . The 2 metre long python shocked the locals when it slithered into the piping of the car before making its way to the roof and stretching out . "We all went out to have a closer look and it got scared of us all and the closest place to escape was under my car." The 2 metre long giant slithered under the bonnet and took refuge within the pipes before again emerging and stretching along the entire roof of the car. Petersen had called an Australian Wildlife Rescue Organisation (WIRES) representative who told her volunteers were too busy to respond immediately so they chose to act themselves. "I screamed and called out to the whole family that there was a huge snake on the street," Petersen said . The family attempted to hose the python out of the piping, to no avail. With a neighbour's advice, they then took to spraying it with a small dose of vinegar which irritated the snake enough to slither out of the bonnet. It moved toward another elderly neighbour's home to whom she warned of the incoming but were not phased as pythons were a regular occurrence in Davidson. Petersen said her family were very curious about the snake while she was less impressed. The Danish family were fascinated by the python as snakes were not a frequent occurence . "At 12, 14 16 and 19, the children were fascinated," she said. "But I hate snakes and it was really really long." This is Petersen's fourth snake encounter since moving to Australia from Denmark and she says her friends were amazed by the video. "We don't have snakes in Denmark," she said. "We used to have two diamond pythons living in our roof in our first house in Killarney Heights and then not long after I saw a red bellied black snake on my run about Narrabeen Lakes that was just laying on the path in front of me." | Jette Petersen was shocked to find a giant python holding up traffic . It took refuge in the piping of her car before stretching itself along the roof . Animal experts were called but she had to take matters into her own hands . Her young family were fascinated as they do not have snakes in Denmark . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Hull City striker Nikica Jelavic is facing six weeks out following surgery on a long-standing knee problem. Jelavic, 29, is Hull's top scorer with eight goals and is set to miss their games against Chelsea, Swansea, Southampton, Liverpool and Crystal Palace. Hull are three points above the relegation zone with nine matches remaining. Hull City striker Nikica Jelavic is facing six weeks out following surgery on a long-standing knee problem. Jelavic is set to miss the games against Chelsea, Swansea, Southampton, Liverpool and Crystal Palace . The club initially wanted to manage Jelavic's knee through until the end of the season but after last weekend's goalless draw with Leicester it was decided the surgery should take place 'as soon as possible to prevent further damage and complications in the future'. Elsewhere, the Hull City Supporters' Trust has once again called upon the club's owners to abandon plans to change the club name to Hull Tigers. The FA Council rejected owner Assem Allam's attempt to rebrand last year but on Monday an arbitration tribunal ruled that that decision had been put aside. The Hull City Supporters' Trust has called upon club owner Assem Allam to abandon his name change plans . Hull supporters have publicly stated their opposition to the name change and don't want the 'City' dropped . | Hull City striker Nikica Jelavic has been ruled out for six weeks . Club's top scorer underwent surgery on long-standing knee problem . Jelavic set to miss games against Chelsea, Swansea and Southampton . Croatian will also miss crucial matches with Liverpool and Crystal Palace . |
Based on this paragraph, who directed "Before Morning?" | Before Morning is a 1933 American pre-Code crime drama directed by Arthur Hoerl, and starring Leo Carrillo, Lora Baxter, and Taylor Holmes. The film was adapted for the screen by Arthur Hoerl, from the 1933 Broadway play of the same name by Edward and Edna Riley. | Arthur Hoerl |
Who is Bon Jovi | Bon Jovi is an American rock band formed in 1983 in Sayreville, New Jersey. It consists of singer Jon Bon Jovi, keyboardist David Bryan, drummer Tico Torres, guitarist Phil X, and bassist Hugh McDonald. Original bassist Alec John Such quit the band in 1994, and longtime guitarist and co-songwriter Richie Sambora left in 2013. The band has been credited with " the gap between heavy metal and pop with style and ease". | Bon Jovi is an American rock band formed in 1983 in Sayreville, New Jersey. It consists of singer Jon Bon Jovi, keyboardist David Bryan, drummer Tico Torres, guitarist Phil X, and bassist Hugh McDonald. Original bassist Alec John Such quit the band in 1994, and longtime guitarist and co-songwriter Richie Sambora left in 2013. The band has been credited with bridging the gap between heavy metal and pop with style and ease. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Erik Lamela turned 23 on Wednesday and the midfielder was able to celebrate his birthday in the 'best way' after Tottenham beat Swansea 3-2 at White Hart Lane. The Argentina international took to social media after the match on to thank everyone who had wished him happy returns, insisting that the victory was the perfect way to end the day. The Spurs midfielder, who was an unused substitute for the Premier League clash, uploaded a picture to his Instagram and Twitter accounts of him holding two massive balloons displaying his age. Erik Lamela poses with balloons displaying his age as he celebrated his birthday on Wednesday night . Tottenham winger Andros Townsend celebrates after firing home the third goal against Swansea City . Tottenham midfielder Ryan Mason lashed in a right-footed shot for the second against Swansea City . Lamela wrote: 'Thank you very much to everyone who greeted me on my birthday... Winning makes me finish it in the best way!!' Earlier on Wednesday striker Roberto Soldado wished his team-mate happy birthday and posted a picture of the pair on Twitter in the build up to the Swans game. Nacer Chadli, Ryan Mason and Andros Townsend fired Mauricio Pochettino's side to victory - their first in six games - against Swansea as Tottenham remained in the hunt for a top four finish. Nacer Chadli (left) beats Swansea goalkeeper Lukasz Fabianski to score the opening goal . Roberto Soldado tweeted this picture with Lamela on Wednesaday and wished the winger happy birthday . Ki Sung-yueng equalised in the first half before former Spurs midfielder Gylfi Sigursson scored late on to give the home side a scare in the closing minutes. It was the perfect way to respond after the club were dumped out of the Europa League last week by Fiorentina before suffering Wembley heartache as Chelsea emerged triumphant in the Capital One Cup final on Sunday. | Erik Lamela celebrated his 23rd birthday with a win on Wednesday . Tottenham beat Swansea at White Hart Lane to keep top-four hopes alive . Lamela posted a picture holding balloons displaying his age after game . Nacer Chadli, Ryan Mason and Andros Townsend fired Spurs to victory . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The NFL sent a tough message to Cleveland Browns general manager Ray Farmer for texting. However, the league didn't delete any of Cleveland's precious draft picks. Farmer has been suspended without pay for the first four games of the 2015 regular season for sending text messages to the sideline during games last season. The league announced its punishment on Monday, ending an investigation that hung over the franchise during yet another turbulent offseason and threatened to undermine the Browns' upcoming draft. Farmer, who acknowledged sending the messages weeks ago, will not be paid during his suspension. The league said his ban begins on midnight of the Sunday preceding the Browns' first regular-season game and will end immediately after the fourth regular-season game. Farmer cannot be involved in any club matters and is prohibited from being at the team's offices, practice facility or games, the league said. Ray Farmer sent text messages to the sideline last season during games and has been suspended . 'I respect the league's decision and understand that there are consequences for my actions,' Farmer said in a statement released by the Browns. 'Accountability is integral to what we are trying to build and as a leader I need to set the right example. I made a mistake and apologize to Jimmy Haslam, (coach) Mike Pettine, our entire organization and our fans for the ramifications. Learning is a big part of who I am and I will certainly be better from this situation.' The Browns were also fined $250,000, but that's pocket change considering what they could have lost. Cleveland has 10 picks in the upcoming draft, including two in the first round (Nos 12 and 19) and six of the first 115. The Browns, who went 7-9 last season, could be positioning themselves to make a run at one of the top quarterbacks, and losing any assets would not only have weakened their bargaining power, but prevented a team with several holes from adding young talent. The Browns haven't been to the playoffs since 2002 and have had just two winning seasons since 1999. Owner Jimmy Haslam, who has remained supportive of Farmer, has said the team is committed to finding a franchise quarterback. The team signed free agent Josh McCown, backup Thad Lewis and is waiting for Johnny Manziel to be released from rehab. Johnny Manziel's first NFL season was plagued with doubts about his lifestyle and ability to knuckle down . During its investigation, the league said it found no evidence that Haslam or other team executives knew about the texts. Troy Vincent, the NFL's vice president of football operations, said Farmer used a cellphone on 'multiple occasions' during games in 2014. League rules prohibit teams from using any electronic devices beginning 90 minutes before kickoff through the end of a game. The rule forbids communication to the sidelines, coach's booths, locker room or any other club-controlled areas. The only exceptions are the league-issued tablets coaches use for still photos. The texting inquiry was just one of several issues to hound the Browns this winter. Along with Manziel's trip to rehab, offensive coordinator Kyle Shanahan had a messy departure and troubled wide receiver Josh Gordon was suspended by the league for at least one season for multiple drug violations. Throughout the inquiry, Haslam professed his loyalty to Farmer, who was promoted in February 2014 when team president Joe Banner and GM Michael Lombardi were fired. 'We accept the league's ruling,' Haslam said. 'Ray made a mistake and takes full responsibility for his role in violating the policy. It is critical that we make better decisions. Ray has tremendous integrity and I know has great remorse for what occurred. We are all committed to learning from this and making the Browns a stronger and better organization.' | Browns general manager was caught texting personnel during games last season . The texts violated the league's electronic device policy . Farmer has been suspended for the first four games of the season and the Browns were find $250,000 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Muhammad Ali wants Manny Pacquiao to emerge triumphant over Floyd Mayweather, according to the legendary boxer's daughter. Rasheda Ali revealed that her father respects Pacquiao's boxing capabilities but also admires how he handles himself away from the ring. 'My dad is team Pacquiao all the way,' she told TMZ. 'My dad really likes Manny, he's a huge fan of his. VIDEO - Scroll down to see Pacquiao's Rocky inspired run . Muhammad Ali wants Manny Pacquiao (right) to beat Floyd Mayweather when they clash on May 2 . Ali is widely considered as the greatest boxer ever and his daughter said he 'really likes' Pacquiao . Pacquaio uploaded the above image to Instagram, keeping his supporters updated on his training progress . 'He knows Manny's a great fighter but it's more about what he does outside the ring. He's such a charitable person.' Rasheda added that her father acknowledges Mayweather's own boxing capabilities but admitted they are two very different personalities. 'My dad stood for things. Mayweather... I don't think there's a comparison,' she said, before revealing that Ali will not be in attendance for the fight in Las Vegas on May 2 but will watch it on television. 'There's no question he's going to order it,' Rasheda said. 'It takes my dad way back to when he was fighting.' With the bout a little over a month away, Pacquiao has kept supporters updated with his progress ahead of the Mayweather encounter. Pacquiao also shared a picture of him conducting an interview with excitement growing as the fight nears . Pacquiao (right) uploaded a video of him recreating a famous scene from the film Rocky . The footage had Pacquiao running up a flight of steps as he continues his preparations to face Mayweather . He posted pictures on Instagram of him training and conducting an interview, as preparations for when he goes toe-to-toe with Mayweather intensifies. But while the serious business draws closer, Pacquiao showed his sense of humour by also uploading a video of him running up a long line of steps, reenacting the famous scene from the film Rocky. | Muhammad Ali's daughter says her father admires Manny Pacquiao . She added he has respect Floyd Mayweather's skills wants a Pacquiao win . Pacquiao has uploaded a Rocky-inspired video to Instagram . READ: Pacquiao odds shorten ahead of Mayweather bout . CLICK HERE for all the latest Pacquiao vs Mayweather fight news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A Vauxhall Zafira was trapped between two concrete barriers at an exact 90 degree angle after the hapless driver collided with a lorry. The car span before it stopped but no one was injured in the accident. Police are appealing for witnesses to the incident on the A1139 near Peterborough in Cambridgeshire yesterday afternoon. Police are appealing for witnesses to the incident on the A1139 near Peterborough in Cambridgeshire . A spokesman for Cambridgeshire Constabulary said: 'We took a call at 12.24pm with reports of a collision on the Fletton Parkway in Peterborough between a grey Vauxhall Zafira and a lorry. 'No action has been taken against either of the drivers, as parties agreed to deal with it through their insurance companies.' The car was removed finally by a recovery truck which had to pull it out. Are you the driver of the lorry or the Vauxhall Zafira driver? Contact [email protected]. | Car collided with lorry and before spinning 90 degrees and getting wedged . The Vauxhall Zafira was stuck between two barriers but no one was hurt . Are you the driver of the lorry or the Vauxhall Zafira ? Contact [email protected] . |
Extract the population for Paris mentioned in the paragraph | Paris (English: /ˈpærɪs/; French pronunciation: [paʁi] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of France, with an official estimated population of 2,102,650 residents as of 1 January 2023 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the fourth-most populated city in the European Union as well as the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its early and extensive system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. | The official estimated population of Paris is 2,102,650 residents |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Every new mum is desperate to show off her little ones - and this lioness is no different, even if that means having to put up with becoming a climbing frame for an afternoon. The proud mother was spotted playing with her six young cubs in the Masai Mara, in Kenya, by French photographers Laurent Renaud and Dominique Haution. However, should they get too rowdy, it is only too clear who is boss - as the pictures clearly show. Scroll down for video . Placid: The lioness might be a honed killer, but she is gentle as anything with her young brood . Adorable: The relaxed lioness with one of her six young cubs climbing over her . Sibling rivalry? The cubs were seen play fighting together while the lioness looked on . Young: It is thought the lion cubs were only about six weeks old when they were photographed . But while most lionesses keep their cubs out of the limelight, this one seemed keen to make sure the photographers captured their best side. 'It was a beautiful and touching moment,' Ms Haution revealed. 'The whole family were extraordinarily cute. Mum was definitely showing off her new cubs. 'Normally, lionesses will hide their children away from predators. But she was so proud, carrying them out into the open in her mouth for us to see. 'You could see how happy she was when the cubs were climbing all over her. 'It just shows that even the biggest beasts can show love.' Indeed, the photos captured the youngsters clambering across the predator - who doesn't bat an eyelid. Roar: The cubs may still be tiny, but there is already a hint of the lions they will grow up to be . Friendly: But in other shots, the cubs look so sweet they could be household pets . Victory: But being the winner is still important - as this cub seems to be learning . Control: However, the cubs were left in no doubt of who was in charge when push came to shove . Ms Haution believes the cubs are around six weeks old, which presented a difficulty when trying to photograph them all. She said: 'There were about six in total, but they were running around all over the place so it was hard to capture them all. 'They are so adorable though. Big family: The photographers believe there may have been as many as six cubs, but it was hard to tell . Serene: This little cub seems remarkably calm about being bitten by its sibling . Happy: 'It is hard to believe that they grow up into be king of the jungle when they look as cute as they do in these photos,' said photographer Dominiqye Haution . 'It is hard to believe that they grow up into be king of the jungle when they look as cute as they do in these photos. 'They were playing just like kittens the way they were playing with each other. 'A couple of the cubs looked like they had their arms around one another.' | Lioness and six cubs pictured playing together in the Masai Mara, Kenya . French photographers Laurent Renaud and Dominique Haution delighted . Unusually for a protective lion, mother openly paraded six-week-old cubs . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Forget Groundhog Day. For suffering Scotland captain Greig Laidlaw, it is beginning to feel more like Groundhog Year. There has been an increasingly familiar pattern to his addresses in the aftermath of every one of his team’s four defeats in this Six Nations campaign so far. He has talked of the positives to take from each loss while trying his best to put the bravest of faces on matters. As he sat at BT Murrayfield on Tuesday following a tough training session with his international colleagues, his mask didn’t slip one bit as he went through the same old routine. Greig Laidlaw in action during the Six Nations rugby match between France and Scotland at Stade de France . But behind the forced smile it was clear there is a new fear engulfing him which makes the final Six Nations match against Ireland on Saturday an increasingly nervous prospect. The scrum-half with 38 caps to his name doesn’t want to join Chris Paterson and Ross Ford in the record books as a captain who led Scotland to a Six Nations wooden spoon. Paterson did it twice, in 2004 and 2007, with Ford suffering a similar fate in 2012. Since Five Nations became Six, Italy have been bottom of the pile 10 times with Wales and France finishing last once each. England and Ireland have never picked up the wooden spoon. Laidlaw, who played stand-off rather than scrum-half in the side that was whitewashed under Ford, doesn’t want to experience that feeling again. He is hoping his team-mates feel as embarrassed as he is about the current plight and use the fear of failure as motivation to put things right against the Irish. ‘I don’t know if it hurts me as captain more than the other players, but losing all our games so far certainly hurts me a lot, that’s for sure,’ said the 29-year-old. ‘I like to think avoiding the wooden spoon is a big driving factor whether you are captain or not, as nobody wants to be in the team that’s failed to pick up any wins. ‘Remember, though, we haven’t finished bottom yet and we’ve got an opportunity this weekend to finish on a high. If we can win this one, it allows us to give a big sigh of relief going into the pre-World Cup games over the summer and then build towards the World Cup. Laidlaw leaves the field after the second half of the the RBS Six Nations match between against Italy . ‘The other side of the coin is that if we lose this one, it’s a long time before we play for Scotland again and that’s the worst situation to be in. At least we have a week to try to rectify some of the problems that were there against England and give everybody the boost they want by turning things around against Ireland.’ Laidlaw admitted he has been left totally frustrated at how his side had come up short in all their matches and fallen away badly in the second half of key games. Although he believes all is not lost, he is clearly growing tired of constantly being the one trying to explain away in public what is going wrong. ‘I’ve almost been saying the same things most weeks, unfortunately,’ he continued. ‘I still believe there are huge positives in there and I think everybody, including ourselves, can see some of the play is brilliant and the players get confidence from that. ‘I know the English boys and the Welsh boys, in particular, think that we’re now a threat and a much better team than we were in the past despite the defeats. We are getting close to winning but need to do that little bit extra to get over the line. ‘Of course there are things to look at and, for instance, we’re getting to half-time in good positions but maybe dropping off slightly, which is something we need to sort. VIDEO 02 Inside Line: England v Scotland match review . Ben Youngs hands off the tackle of Laidlaw during the match between England and Scotland at Twickenham . ‘Looking back at the England game, that is what happened as there wasn’t enough urgency in the early part of the second half and we just let England come at us. There’s only so much you can soak up before cracking and we can’t let that happen again.’ Murrayfield will have a capacity attendance for the match against Ireland, with many visiting fans making up the 67,000 crowd. Irish supporters had bought their tickets within hours of them going on sale on the assumption their team would be challenging for the Grand Slam. A clean sweep is no longer a possibility after their defeat to Wales last weekend but, even with tens of thousands inside the stadium cheering on Joe Schmidt’s title contenders, Laidlaw still believes the Scotland players can be inspired by the atmosphere within Murrayfield. ‘We want to win for the jersey, win for ourselves, win for the fans, because they’ve been brilliant throughout a tough campaign,’ he said. ‘We can feed off them hugely and want to go out there and give them something back for their continued support. We really want to send them off on a good note, because it’s been a tough championship for the players and fans alike.’ Laidlaw stands dejected after the final whistle during the RBS 6 Nations match at Twickenham . A win over Ireland would indeed have the fans singing a happier tune. For that to happen, Ford insists there is nothing to be gained from dwelling too much on the results which have brought Scotland to this precarious position. ‘We need to be realistic, look at where we aren’t good enough and try to improve,’ said the Edinburgh hooker, capped 84 times. ‘We need to stay positive going into the games and it is a huge positive to know we have pushed good teams close and scored tries against them. ‘There is no point getting down as it doesn’t get you anywhere on the pitch. It’s about staying positive and getting right back out and going after Ireland. ‘It would be great to finish the campaign on a high, especially at home. It is a World Cup year, so it would be a very positive note to end the Six Nations on.’ | Greig Laidlaw doesn’t want to join Chris Paterson and Ross Ford . The duo led Scotland to the wooden spoon in 2004, 2007 and 2012 . England and Ireland have never picked up the wooden spoon . Since five nations became six, Italy have been bottom of the pile 10 times . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A guitarist for the platinum-selling rock band Slipknot was stabbed in the head and rushed to the hospital after an early Wednesday knife fight with his brothers, according to reports. Mick Thomson engaged in the bloody brawl with his brother Andrew before bother were taken by ambulance to a Des Moines, Iowa hospital with serious injuries. The altercation broke out at 41-year-old Thomson's Clive, Iowa home after a long night of heavy drinking, according to TMZ. Brotherly brawl? Slipknot guitarist Mickeal Thomson, 41, (left) was stabbed in the back of the head in the drunken 4am brawl with his little brother Andrew Thomson (right) Lead guitarist: Mick Thomson has played lead guitar for the multi-platinum Des Moines band since 1996 . According to a report obtained by the Des Moines Register, Clive police reported that the fight, in which Mick suffered a stab wound to the back of the head, occurred in his front yard. Clive police, as of Wednesday afternoon, had not confirmed whether the Mickeal Gordon Thomson and Andrew John Thomson, 35, were the guitarist and his brother. However, the band's lead singer, Corey Taylor, did his own investigation after hearing the news and tweeted to fans Wednesday: . 'In regards to the story about Mick, I'm doing the best I can to find out if he's alright. I'll get back to you later.' Stabby: Andrew Thomson stabbed Mick in the back of the head in Mick's front yard in the reportedly drunken Wednesday morning spat, according to reports . Then, around 5pm, he wrote: . 'Mick Update: from what I've heard he's okay. We're sendig him all your thoughts. Thank you for that.' The fight occurred after 4am, the police report says. After things became especially heated, they moved the fight outside. That's when the stabbings occurred. Neither brawling brother sustained life-threatening injuries. They were transported in separate ambulances, reports the Register. The Thomsons did not suffer life-threatening injuries. They were transported to a Des Moines-area hospital in separate ambulances . | Mickeal 'Mick' Thomson, 41, was stabbed in the back of the head in the drunken 4am brawl, according to reports . He and the other stabber named in reports--Andrew John Thomson, which is also the name of Mick's little brother--sustained no life-threatening injuries . The fight occurred in Thomson's Clive, Iowa front yard. The men were transported in separate ambulances to a Des Moines area hospital . |
Given these paragraphs about Large language models, how many words did the BookCorpus have when it was used to train the first model in OpenAI's GPT series trained in 2018? | A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks.
Properties
Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design.
Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to "memorize" a great quantity of facts during training.
Hallucinations
Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence)
In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a "hallucination" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data.
Emergent abilities
On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities.
Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called "emergent abilities". Researchers note that such abilities "cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs.
Architecture and training
Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or "filling in the blanks", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus.
The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens.
LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million.
A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters).
Application to downstream tasks
Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via "prompting" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions.
Fine-tuning
Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning)
Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be "frozen", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen).
Prompting
See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing)
In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In "few-shot prompting", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows:
Review: This movie stinks.
Sentiment: negative
Review: This movie is fantastic!
Sentiment:
If the model outputs "positive", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be "The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is".
Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering.
Instruction tuning
Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt "Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet." might provide a completion such as "A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17." In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, "self-instruct", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model | 985 million words. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jerusalem (CNN)Either Benjamin Netanyahu just staged the most dramatic political comeback in Israeli history and beyond, or something was very wrong with the polls before and during the election. Polls predicted a tight race coming down to the wire, with Netanyahu in a virtual tie with his main challenger, Isaac Herzog of the Zionist Union party. Only four days before the election, polls showed Herzog taking a four-seat lead into the final weekend before the election. Exit polls on the night of the election showed Netanyahu had closed the gap. The polls suggested he was in a dead heat, with a very even split between right-wing and left-wing parties. Then came the results. Not more polls or surveys, but actual counts from the ballot boxes. Netanyahu wasn't in a fight for his political life after all. He was the clear winner, running away with the election and facing a fairly clear path to create a coalition government. Although the results are unofficial, it seems almost certain that Netanyahu will remain the Israeli prime minister. Avi Degani, a pollster, professor at Tel Aviv University and president of the Geocartography Knowledge Group, saw very different results from his own polls. He never anticipated a Zionist Union victory. Instead, he says, he always saw Likud holding a lead. The mistake that others made, according to Degani, was in the methodology. "The Internet does not represent the state of Israel and the people of Israel," he said, referring to modern statistical methods. "It represents panels, and the panels are biased strongly to the center -- Tel Aviv, better-educated, more participants in this kind of conversation. And people who are in the periphery and so on and have the stronger tendency to vote Likud, I think, are poorly represented." "I have tested sometimes at the same night, doing by telephone as I do always -- and very specifically geographically, and very well-weighted and very well, having cell phones and other phones and so on -- and at the same time I did on the Internet. And I got results which are very, very different." But Mina Tzemach, the polling expert for CNN affiliate Channel 2 Israel, suggests Netanyahu was in a tight race the entire way and managed to close the gap "like a magician," using the election polls as his final trick. "The polls showed that they are going to lose. It gave very important information both to the public and to the politicians. Netanyahu used it," said Tzemach. "Many voted what we call strategic voting. They did not vote to the party that is their first preference, but they voted for the Likud." Likud voters did not participate in exit polls, according to Tzemach, and that skewed the results, leading many to believe that Herzog had tied Netanyahu. "We had ballots in an area where there are a lot of immigrants from the former Soviet Union," explained Tzemach. "In these ballots, more than 30% did not participate in our polls, and they are Likud supporters." Another factor that may have worked in Netanyahu's favor was his Likud party cannibalizing votes from other right-wing parties. In the days before the election, Netanyahu moved to the political right, making a big push for right-wing voters to choose his party over other ideologically similar parties, such as Naftali Bennett's Jewish Home party and Avigdor Lieberman's Yisrael Beiteinu party. During the weekend before the election, Netanyahu took part in a right-wing rally in Tel Aviv's central Rabin Square. He continued his shift to the right in a series of interviews with local media leading up to the election. His most controversial statement came the day before the elections when he reversed his publicly stated position on a two-state solution. "Anyone who is going to establish a Palestinian state, anyone who is going to evacuate territories today, is simply giving a base for attacks to the radical Islam against Israel," he said in a television interview. "This is the true reality that was created here in the last few years." In 2009, in a speech known as the Bar Ilan speech, Netanyahu committed to negotiations for a two-state solution, saying, "Let us begin peace negotiations immediately without prior conditions. Israel is committed to international agreements, and expects all sides to fulfill their obligations. I say to the Palestinians: We want to live with you in peace, quiet, and good neighborly relations." Tzemach estimates that Likud took four seats from Jewish Home and two more seats from Yachad, a party that did not receive enough votes to warrant inclusion in the Knesset, Israel's parliament. Exit polls in Israel have been wrong before. In the most recent elections in 2013, exit polls showed Yair Lapid's centrist Yesh Atid party winning between 12 and 13 seats in the Knesset. But when the final results were tallied, Lapid won 19 seats, becoming a major player in the government. This time, the unexpected surprise worked in Netanyahu's favor, turning the campaign race into an election night rout. Likud had never polled better than approximately 25 seats, but it grabbed at least 29 of the 120 seats in the Knesset, according to unofficial numbers from the Israeli election committee based on 99% of the vote. Netanyahu has worked this sort of magic once before. In the 1996 elections, early results showed the Labor Party's Shimon Peres as the winner, but as more results came in, Netanyahu eked out a victory by fewer than 1% of the votes. Degani said this election reveals the truth behind Israeli politics. "This last election it showed very clearly that we do not have right and left. We have only right and extreme right, which is not nice sometimes. And in the right, you have the Likud mostly, and in the Likud, you have mostly Netanyahu." | Polls predicted a tight race coming down to the wire, with Netanyahu in a virtual tie with Isaac Herzog of the Zionist Union party . But actual results show Netanyahu running away with the election . Possible causes: Poll methodology, Netanyahu's last-minute turn to the right . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Anna Duritskaya, 23, pleaded to be allowed home to her native Ukraine but was said to be under police guard for further questioning . The girlfriend of murdered Russian politician Boris Nemtsov was under armed guard at an unknown location last night, as tens of thousands marched in Moscow in his name. The former deputy prime minister and leading critic of Vladimir Putin was gunned down as he walked home from dinner on Friday with Anna Duritskaya. The model, 23, pleaded to be allowed home to her native Ukraine, but was said to be under police guard yesterday for further questioning. She is understood to have given a description of the killer, despite partial ‘memory loss’ from ‘deep shock’, a law enforcement source said. As an ‘immediate eyewitness’, there were ‘grounds to conduct additional investigative action regarding her’, the source added. Last night it emerged the head of Russia’s Investigative Committee, Alexander Bastrykin, who will lead inquiries into the murder, is a Putin loyalist with a history of intimidating the Press. He once threatened to behead a journalist and investigate the killing himself. Ukraine’s consul in Moscow, Gennady Breskalenko, said Miss Duritskaya was questioned until 5am on Saturday at the Investigative Committee building, where he had tried to see her. Ostap Semerak, a Ukrainian MP, said the model’s parents were concerned. He said Miss Duritskaya told them by phone that she had ‘no idea where she is kept’, only that she was ‘taken to some flat which is guarded, and she is not allowed to leave’. Associates of Mr Nemtsov said she was staying with a friend. The opposition leader had organised the protest against Russia’s involvement in Ukraine, but it became a mourning rally, with chants of ‘Russia without Putin’. Police claimed 16,000 marched, but observers said there were up to 70,000, with several thousand more in St Petersburg. David Cameron said he was ‘shocked and sickened by the callous murder’ and that Mr Nemtsov was ‘dedicated to speaking up tirelessly for the Russian people, demanding their right to democracy and liberty … and to an end to corruption’. Mr Nemtsov, 55, a former nuclear scientist, rose to prominence under Boris Yeltsin, after the Cold War, becoming deputy prime minister in 1997. Scroll down for video . The 23-year-old model and the opposition leader had dinner in central Moscow before Mr Nemtsov was gunned down on a bridge overlooking St Basil's Cathedral. Miss Duritskaya is said to have suffered partial memory loss . Thousands of people took to the streets of Moscow to protest against his murder with any attributing blame to the Russian President . The 55-year-old was shot four times by an unknown killer. He was a vocal critic of Putin throughout his career . After leaving parliament in 2003, he founded opposition movements and was a vocal critic of Mr Putin over Ukraine, the economic crisis and corruption. Voters in Estonia appear to have turned away from a party that supports closer ties with Moscow. Pollsters say first returns, based on online voting, heavily favour the Reform Party of Prime Minister Taavi Roivas, with 37.5 per cent, more than the 28.6 per cent it won in 2011. The opposition Centre Party, which supports closer links with Moscow, had just 7.7 per cent – compared with the 23.3 per cent it won in 2011. But it is thought these voters have less access to the internet. A married father of four, he is understood to have been with Miss Duritskaya for three years. She was unharmed when he was hit by four of seven bullets fired from a white Lada on a bridge near the Kremlin. Mr Nemtsov had warned that Mr Putin wanted him dead. But the Kremlin strongly denied any official responsibility for the killing. Investigators said they were looking at the possibility he was killed by opposition figures, or that Islamic extremists targeted the Jewish politician. In an interview hours before his murder, Mr Nemtsov accused a ‘mad’, ‘aggressive’ Mr Putin of lying over the Ukrainian conflict and called his rule a ‘catastrophe’. The president wrote to Mr Nemtsov’s mother, promising to ‘do everything’ to ensure the perpetrators are ‘properly punished’. The government is offering £31,500 for information leading to the killer. Vladimir Putin has denied any involvement in Mr Nemtsov's death. The government is offering £31,500 for information leading to the killer . | Anna Duritskaya, 23, watched as Boris Nemtsov was shot four times . The Ukrainian model has been questioned extensively by Russian police . She has pleaded to return to Ukraine but is being held in a safe location . Thousands marched in Moscow in protest against Mr Nemtsov's death . Critics claim the 55-year-old was killed for publicly condemning President . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Breastfeeding has been shown to have many health benefits, for mother and baby - and Cassandra Fellingham is pleased and proud she was able to breastfeed all three of her children. Yet two years ago, breastfeeding her third baby left Cassandra, 34, suffering from a condition that nearly killed her. She'd developed mastitis, which affects one in ten breastfeeding women and occurs when a milk duct, which transports milk to the nipple, becomes blocked. Milk builds up in the breast, leading to painful inflammation. Cassandra Fellingham got mastitis so bad when she breastfed her third child (r) she nearly died. Pictured with sons Miles, five, and Jensen, two . There are 15 to 20 milk ducts in each breast - these can become blocked for a number of reasons, such as the baby not latching on properly and draining the breast effectively, or feeding irregularly. It can also be caused by pressure from a bra that's too tight. Often, the condition clears up on its own - if the mother continues breastfeeding, this helps to drain the breast, clear the blockage and the problem resolves. However, for some women the stagnant milk becomes infected, causing flu-like symptoms such as aches and shivers. This may happen because bacteria enter the breast through a small crack or break in the skin, or as a result of bacteria in the baby's mouth and throat entering during breastfeeding. In this case, a course of antibiotics is required to clear the infection - mothers can take a type that is safe for babies, allowing them to keep breastfeeding. Cassandra knows these symptoms well - she had mastitis with her first child, Shikiera, now 15, and her second, Miles, now five. 'Both times I'd got pain, then a hardening of the breast, followed by aches and feeling rotten,' says Cassandra, a self-employed PA who lives with her partner and children in Littlehampton, West Sussex. 'I saw my GP and was given antibiotics, which cleared it up within a few days.' The bacteria that had caused the mastitis had spread to her bloodstream . So when Cassandra had her third child, Jensen, now two, and started feeling unwell, she knew what was wrong. 'When Jensen was eight weeks old, I got the familiar pain in my left breast - then I started to ache and feel as if I was coming down with flu. I knew without a doubt this was mastitis again.' She called her GP and, because of her history, the doctor gave Cassandra antibiotics straight away. But whereas with her first two children the medicine worked quickly, this time it did not. 'Over the next two days the pain in my left breast got worse. It was also like the worst flu ever - I was hot, then cold, then dizzy and the aches felt like I'd been kicked. I lay and shivered beneath a blanket.' Luckily, her partner Wayne, 44, an accountant, was able to help look after the other children. Despite her condition, Cassandra was keen to continue breastfeeding. 'I'd read lots about mastitis and knew the best way to clear a blockage was to keep on feeding,' she says. However, three days after the mastitis began, with Wayne out, Cassandra's condition worsened dramatically. 'I started feeling breathless and lay down in bed, but suddenly the room went black. I was slipping in and out of consciousness.' Her quick-thinking daughter, then just 13, grabbed a thermometer and took her mother's temperature - it was 41c. In one moment of lucidity, Cassandra grabbed the phone and called her doctor, who told her to get to A&E. Wayne hurried home and stayed with the other children. Cassandra managed to climb into a taxi. Not wanting to be parted from Jensen, she took him with her to Worthing Hospital. By the time she arrived, she could barely string a sentence together and was hallucinating. She recalls hearing the consultant talk to another doctor and mentioning the word 'sepsis'. 'I was terrified. I knew this was very serious,' she says. Cassandra was raced down to a high-dependency ward and attached to wires to monitor her heart, with a drip inserted for fluids. She was also given two sets of intravenous antibiotics. Blood tests confirmed Cassandra had sepsis - blood poisoning. The bacteria that had caused the mastitis had spread to her bloodstream. For two days, Cassandra battled for her life after being diagnosed with sepsis - blood poisoning . Less than 1 per cent of cases of mastitis lead to sepsis, says Dr Ron Daniels, a critical care consultant and chief executive of the UK Sepsis Trust. When sepsis occurs, the body's immune system sets off a series of reactions, including inflammation, swelling and blood clotting, which can mean the blood supply to vital organs is cut off. If it isn't treated quickly, sepsis can lead to organ failure and ultimately death. 'Antibiotics are the single most important thing - if they're delivered in the first hour, then that doubles your chance of survival,' says Dr Daniels. 'But for every hour of delay, the risk of death increases by 8 per cent. 'We estimate that 102,000 people get sepsis every year in the UK. Out of that figure, 37,000 die.' Sepsis is most likely to occur as a result of conditions such as pneumonia, gallbladder complications or urinary tract infections, which are generally more common than mastitis. For two days, Cassandra battled for her life, with distressed family and friends taking turns to sit with her and care for the baby. Reduction in a woman's risk of breast cancer if she breastfeeds her baby . 'Jensen was in his cot by my side,' she says. 'I remember looking at him, so small, and thinking that I had to live.' Nurses held the baby to her breast so he could continue to be breastfed. Finally, on the third day, she turned a corner. 'A consultant came and smiled and told me that the antibiotics had cleared the sepsis. I was going to be all right.' After five days in hospital, Cassandra was allowed home with oral antibiotics. Her breast was still sore, but she carried on breastfeeding. Jensen is now a healthy, happy two-and-a-half-year-old. 'The way I saw it, I was just unlucky that time,' she says. 'Breastfeeding was still the best food for my baby and I wasn't going to let mastitis stop me doing that.' It's not clear why some women get mastitis and others don't, but women who have had it are prone to getting it again - possibly because of the way the mother is feeding. Cassandra wants to raise awareness among breastfeeding women of the dangers of mastitis . To prevent the problem, mothers should ensure the baby is latched on properly and finishes the feed on each side; mothers should also wear a comfortable bra, and get plenty of rest - lowered immunity can raise the risk. If a woman suspects she has mastitis, she should contact her GP immediately because of the risk of infection, and also the risk of an abscess developing, which may need to be drained. With help and support, the problem often resolves itself, says Janet Fyle, midwife and policy adviser for the Royal College of Midwives. 'If a woman develops any pain or lumps, hot showers or cold compresses can help. 'Also, at every feed, she should make sure the baby feeds from each side, to ensure the milk is drained properly. If it does not resolve, she needs to see a GP or a lactation consultant.' If flu-like symptoms develop, this can suggest an infection has developed and antibiotics are needed. However, women can continue to breastfeed, or express milk if it is too painful, she says. 'As long as she is supported and gets advice, there is no reason to stop feeding.' Cassandra wants to raise awareness among breastfeeding women of the dangers of mastitis. 'I'd had it before and so was a bit complacent that it would just pass,' she says. 'I'm so glad I got to hospital when I did or I might not be here now.' Visit sepsistrust.org or lcgb.org for more information . | Cassandra Fellingham, 34, from Littlehampton, developed mastitis . Occurs when milk duct becomes blocked leading to painful inflammation . For some the stagnant milk becomes infected, causing flu-like symptoms . |
Please describe what Business Process Mapping is and why it is used | Business process mapping refers to activities involved in defining what a business entity does, who is responsible, to what standard a business process should be completed, and how the success of a business process can be determined.
The main purpose behind business process mapping is to assist organizations in becoming more effective. A clear and detailed business process map or diagram allows outside firms to come in and look at whether or not improvements can be made to the current process.
Business process mapping takes a specific objective and helps to measure and compare that objective alongside the entire organization's objectives to make sure that all processes are aligned with the company's values and capabilities.
International Organization for Standardization or ISO 9001 : 2015 encourages a process approach to quality management. It is important to understand how each process relates to other processes within the organization and how those interactions impact Quality Management. | Business Process Mapping describes the capture of a set of business activities that deliver an outcome. Mapping is usually performed using visual tools that use standardized shapes to indicate entities. Mapping involves capturing activities, the roles performing the activities, systems and tools used to execute the activities and inputs and outputs from the activities. Process mapping is frequently conducted in cross functional workshops with a facilitator capturing the activities performed by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). Common uses of process mapping include:
* automation
* compliance documentation
* business process improvement
* standardization |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jerome Sinclair produced a match-winning performance for Liverpool's under 21s on Monday night as they defeated Chelsea 2-0, winning a penalty and scoring an eye-catching individual goal. And his classy display drew high praise from an Anfield legend afterwards. Jamie Carragher, who was summarising the match for Sky Sports, was very impressed by the teenager's abilities. Liverpool's teenage striker Jerome Sinclair chases the ball in a UEFA Youth League match with Real Madrid . Liverpool legend Jamie Carragher, working as a pundit on Sky Sports, praised Sinclair's performance . Talking about Sinclair's second-half strike, his 22nd of the season, Carragher said: 'It was an outstanding finish. 'He got the penalty [converted by Harry Wilson] and was maybe fortunate in the first-half but there he left them for dead. 'Centre-backs don't like being put in that position out wide. He has pace and composure on his weak foot. ' But who is the hotshot winning such high-profile admirers? Sportsmail has everything you need to know. Sinclair breaks beyond the Chelsea defender Fankaty Dabo during Monday night's under 21 match in Chester . Sinclair slams home Liverpool's second goal in the 2-0 win over Chelsea on Monday night . Name: Jerome Sinclair . Age: 18 . Club: Liverpool . Position: Striker . Carragher certainly isn't the first pundit to notice the spectacular season Jerome Sinclair is having in Liverpool's academy teams. Across the under 18, under 19 and under 21 age groups, the England youth international has found the net 22 times this campaign. Chelsea, the defending champions in the under 21 league, were hoping to leapfrog a cluster of clubs and claim top spot as they headed to the Deva Stadium in Chester on Monday night. But Sinclair and Liverpool had other ideas. After just eight minutes, Sinclair used his abundant pace to get in behind the Blues defence and was wrestled to the ground by Fikayo Tomori. Harry Wilson, another highly-rated player, converted the spot-kick. Sinclair's unpredictable movement had been a headache all night and, shortly after half-time, he again burst past Tomori and finished high into the net from an acute angle. Sinclair gets away from the Chelsea back line during Liverpool's 2-0 win on Monday night . Jerome Sinclair scored twice as Liverpool's under 19s beat Ludogorets Razgrad in the UEFA Youth League . It was the assured finish of a player in the best form of his life and someone well on the way to achieving his obvious potential. This was just one example of the many types of goal Sinclair is capable of and a small glimpse into the buzz around a 18-year-old coaches at Anfield believe can become the next Raheem Sterling. Sinclair already holds the distinction of being the youngest player to turn out for Liverpool, making his senior debut with a nine-minute cameo in a League Cup tie at West Brom in september 2012. He was a tender 16 years and six days old. Although that remains Sinclair's one and only senior outing, he has been making great strides at youth team and under 21 level. Born in Birmingham in September 1996, Sinclair was a member of the West Brom academy between the ages of 10 and 14 before being spotted by former Liverpool club scout Stuart Webber. Sinclair gets beyond Manchester United's Joe Riley in an under 18 Premier League match last season . He spent the 2011-2012 campaign mainly with the under 16 side but made a handful of appearances for the under 18 team towards the end. His coach Mike Marsh was impressed by his talent and a 15-year-old Sinclair was even invited to rub shoulders with the likes of Carragher and Steven Gerrard at Melwood, something he later described as a 'great learning curve.' It wasn't long before Sinclair found his scoring boots, with a prolific pre-season in 2012 leading to a call up into the squad Rodolfo Borrell was about to lead into the NextGen Series. Sinclair impressed in the first group match away to Inter Milan, winning a penalty that Krisztian Adorjan converted and going close himself on a number of occasions. Liverpool were narrowly beaten 3-2 in that game but went on to advance from the group, Sinclair scoring his first goal in continental competition in a 4-1 win over Rosenborg. Sinclair is challenged by Alex Davey of Chelsea in a FA Youth Cup semi-final in April 2013 . These appearances came either side of that first team run-out at The Hawthorns, a moment Sinclair described as a 'dream come true' in a later interview. But things have really taken off for Sinclair this season, with six goals in the group phase of the under 19 UEFA Youth League amongst his haul. The youngster has credited another club legend, Robbie Fowler, as a massive influence on his development with his coaching sessions at the club's Melwood training ground. Sinclair told the Liverpool Echo last week: 'Robbie is a legend at this club so to get a few helpful tips from him and some advice is brilliant for me. Sinclair takes on Ro-Shaun Williams during an under 18 match with Manchester United this season . 'This is a guy who has been there and done it and played at the pinnacle of the game. It's fantastic for me to get the chance to work with him and it can only improve my game. 'He has given me a few little tips on my first touch, and worked with me on different types of finishing. He is always there to help me in any way he can.' Internationally, Sinclair has represented England at under 16 and under 17 level. His debut came in the Victory Shield in October 2011, when Wales were beaten 4-0. His first goals for the Three Lions came at the 2012 Montaigu Tournament in France, helping to secure wins against the hosts and also Morocco. Sinclair breaks through the Italy defence during an under 17s international in Burton back in 2012 . As shown of late, Sinclair is already a good finisher and has a knack of getting into the right place at the right time to gobble up loose balls. He seems strong on both feet when in and around the penalty area and has good placement. At 5ft 8in, Sinclair won't win a great deal in their air but he has tricky feet and good acceleration too, so he fits in with the fluid passing game the Liverpool academy try to foster. And the signs look promising that Sinclair will be the next bright youngster to come through Liverpool's academy ranks. | Sinclair scored and won a penalty in Liverpool U21s win over Chelsea . His performance drew praise from Anfield legend Jamie Carragher . Second-half goal in Chester was Sinclair's 22nd of the season . He remains Liverpool's youngest first-team debutant back in 2012 . Quick and deadly, Sinclair has been compared to Raheem Sterling . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A woman and her boyfriend were mown down in a jealous attack by her obsessed love rival, who used her car as a weapon to drag them 40 metres along the road in a horrific attack. Sonita Claire smashed into Kevin O'Neill - the father of her child - and Mary Jane Kimble at 30mph, hitting them from behind as they walked hand-in-hand on a busy Derby street. Miss Kimble needed 22 stitches and her hair, scalp and blood were left on the bonnet of Claire's car, while her boyfriend Mr O'Neill suffered a broken neck and collar bone. But despite the 'horror movie-style attack' the couple, from Derby - who were both struck while Claire drove at 30mph towards them - are now engaged to be married and expecting a child together. Miss Kimble suffered serious injuries after she was hit at 30mph by her obsessed love rival . Mary-Jane Kimble (right) needed 22 stitches and her hair, scalp and blood was left on the bonnet of Sonita Claire's car, while her boyfriend Kevin O'Neill (left) suffered a broken neck and collar bone . Miss Kimble, 34, said that when she was first told what had happened to them after waking from a two-day coma she did not believe it. 'It sounded like the plot of a thriller movie,' she said. 'We were left unconscious in pools of blood. 'Kev had a broken neck and collar bone and I needed 22 stitches in my head. Claire, kitchen worker Mr O'Neill, and Miss Kimble had been caught in a 'love triangle' which had left Claire 'bitter and hurt', a court had previously heard. Mr O'Neill had first been in a relationship with Miss Kimble, and the couple had a child together, . But Miss Kimble said she became close to Claire, 28, in 2007 after her relationship with Mr O'Neill ended when their daughter Lily was around 15 months old. Sonita Claire, an aspiring actress from Derby, was jailed for seven years after she appeared at Nottingham Crown Court in January 2014 . Mr O'Neill started seeing Claire, a waitress at the bar where he worked, and Miss Kimble lost contact with both of them . But it was during this relationship that Claire, 28, started a dangerous obsession with Miss Kimble, and later secretly pretended that she and Mr O'Neill had split so she could befriend her love rival. A heavily pregnant Claire stopped Miss Kimble in the street, and told her she had split with Mr O'Neill and wanted their children – who would be half-siblings – to be close. Over the next seven years the pair became 'inseparable', with Miss Kimble and Claire bonding over their shared experiences. But it emerged that Claire was lying and had never split with Mr O'Neill. Miss Kimble only discovered the truth during a chance meeting with her ex-partner in the dentist – when he told her he had only recently spilt up with Claire. He also revealed Claire had become obsessed with Miss Kimble and lied about having passed on messages to Mr O'Neill from her. When Miss Kimble found out and got back together with Mr O'Neill, Claire – furious with jealousy – ran them both over. Claire, an aspiring actress from Derby, was jailed for seven years after she appeared at Nottingham Crown Court in January 2014. She admitted two counts of grievous bodily harm with intent. Judge Michael Stokes QC told her: 'Heaven has no rage like love turned to hatred, nor hell a woman like a woman scorned.' Mr O'Neill had first been in a relationship with Miss Kimble (pictured after the accident), before splitting and starting a romance with Claire . It was during this relationship that the Claire, 28, started a dangerous obsession with Miss Kimble, secretly befriending her while pretending that she and Mr O'Neill had split . Miss Kimble recalled how she met Mr O'Neill in 2002. 'He had sparkly eyes and cheeky grin,' she said. 'Friends and family reckoned it wouldn't last. We got engaged and although we didn't get round to planning the wedding, three happy years on, in January 2005, we had a daughter Lily. 'One evening, I took our baby girl to see Kev at the bar where he worked as a bouncer. Walking in, I noticed a pretty waitress chatting away to him. Kev told me she was called Sonita. 'He said she had a thing for him. But then he said, "She's got nothing on you".' Miss Kimble said problems started emerging around this time with Mr O'Neill spending less time at home. When their daughter was 15 months old in 2007 they separated. She continued: 'We didn't part on good terms and lost all contact. I heard through mutual friends that he'd started dating Sonita. It was months later when I came face-to-face with Sonita – she had a huge bump.' A card Sonita sent Mr O'Neill from prison . Miss Kimble said Claire told her she was Mr O'Neill's girlfriend and their child was due in a week. She continued: 'Six months later I bumped into her again. This time she was pushing a pram. 'She told me things were over with her and Kev. I felt sorry for her as I knew how tough it was being a single mum. 'So I arranged a play-date with her and a few weeks later she came round. She told me she had been sleeping with Kev when we were still together. 'I felt the wind knocked out of me, but we stayed friends. Years went by and Sonita and I became inseparable. 'Her and her boy would come for sleepovers and we'd gossip into the early hours over a glass of wine.' Miss Kimble said in January 2013 she told Claire she was planning to get back in touch with Mr O'Neill. 'I told her Lily needed her dad,' she said. 'Sonita kindly offered to pass on my messages, but I heard nothing from Kev. But one day in the dentist I bumped in with him. 'He told me he'd just broken up with Sonita. He said she'd become fixated on me. 'I was confused because Sonita had said they'd broken up seven years ago.' Mr O'Neill told Miss Kimble this was not the case – and explained the reason for their break up. 'He said Sonita had got weird,' she said. 'He said she had started dressing like me and was obsessed with us getting back together. 'I called Sonita and she admitted the truth. She said, 'I wanted to tell you but couldn't find the right time'. 'I told her she was crazy. After that Kev came round regularly to see Lily and the old feelings came back. Claire and Mr O'Neill in happier times, after the birth of their child. But she soon became dangerously obsessed with his ex-partner, Miss Kimble. She later ran the pair over after they got back together . 'We started dating and were happy. But Sonita bombarded me with abusive messages every day, even started waiting outside Lily's school. One day she texted, "I'm going to run you over". 'She sent Kev the same thing.' The pair were on the way to the police station to report the messages on October 6, 2013 when they were hit. 'I heard a car speeding up behind us,' Miss Kimble said. 'Then everything went black. 'The next thing I remember is waking up in hospital, my mum at my side.' The couple underwent treatment with Mr O'Neill needing surgery on his neck. They were in court to see Claire jailed. 'Now I'm pregnant again, and Kev and I are planning our wedding,' Miss Kimble said. 'This time it's forever.' | Mary-Jane Kimble needed 22 stitches and Kevin O'Neill broke neck . Miss Kimble's hair, scalp and blood left on bonnet of Sonita Claire's car . The two women were friends and later became love rivals over Mr O'Neill . Couple, of Derby, both struck while Claire drove at 30mph towards them . Miss Kimble and Mr O'Neill are now finally engaged to be married . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Apple’s Touch ID is fast and accurate - until your hand is even the slightest bit dirty or wet. But in the near future these scanners will not only work when your fingerprints are obscured, they will work behind layers of glass and metal. Chip maker Qualcomm has unveiled its Sense ID 3D fingerprint scanner capable of capturing everything from ridges to sweat pores using ultrasonic technology. The demo version (pictured) was covered in glass that measures 0.9mm thick, and Qualcomm did not reveal what the maximum thickness is. Phones running Sense ID are expected to launch later this year, but Qualcomm did not reveal to MailOnline which devices or manufacturers it is working with . A prototype version of the sensor is on display at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona. When a finger is placed on the tiny sensor - the demo version has a 9mm by 4mm ‘active area’ - the software captures an image of the fingerprint instantly. Apple’s Touch ID (pictured) is fast and accurate - until your hand is even the slightest bit dirty or wet . This is stored and used to authenticate a user quickly, with little margin of error. And because it uses waves that bounce off the surface of the finger it can be used behind materials such as glass or metal. The demo version was covered in glass that measures 0.9mm thick, and Qualcomm did not reveal what the maximum thickness is. The firm did say, though, that the technology makes it more accurate and powerful than capacitive sensors, like those seen on Apple and Samsung devices. And this is the reason why it works even if the user has dirty hands, has recently applied hand lotion and other similar scenarios. Phones running Sense ID are expected to launch later this year, but Qualcomm did not reveal to MailOnline which devices or manufacturers it is working with. Fujitsu has developed a ‘custom compact and high-output infrared LED’, and a custom infrared camera. Movements of the smooth muscle of the iris make the eye’s openings larger or smaller, which in turn adjusts the amount of light that enters the retina . These were combined with Fujitsu’s camera controller technology and biometric-authentication technology. It identifies a person by scanning the pattern of their iris. The pattern doesn’t change significantly after the age of two, and it is difficult to injure its surface and difficult to forge. Movements of the smooth muscle of the iris make the eye’s openings larger or smaller, which in turn adjusts the amount of light that enters the retina. For its prototype, Fujitsu has built a miniature scanner so it fits on the front of a smartphone. It recognises the pattern by shining an infrared LED light on the sensor into the eyes and taking a picture of the pattern with the infrared camera. This pattern is registered and linked to the user. Each time they look at their phone, the sensor scans their eye, matches it with the stored image and unlocks the device. ‘The system can reliably authenticate the detailed patterns of the iris and that can be used in most everyday situations,’ a spokesman for Fujitsu told MaiOnline . ‘This can be used at a normal smartphone viewing distance, rather than within the 10cm range most existing iris recognition systems require. ‘And in safety testing, the infrared LED light was verified to be safe for the eyes.’ | Chip maker Qualcomm unveiled its Sense ID 3D fingerprint scanner . It is the first biometric sensor using ultrasonic technology . Sensor uses ultrasonic sound waves to capture the print's ridges . This also captures sweat pores and more on the tip of a finger . Because it uses waves, can be used behind glass or even metal . This makes it more accurate and powerful than Apple’s Touch ID sensor . |
From the passage provided, extract the difference in caffeine between a light roast and a dark roast. | Sucrose is rapidly lost during the roasting process, and may disappear entirely in darker roasts. During roasting, aromatic oils and acids weaken, changing the flavor; at 205 °C (401 °F), other oils start to develop. One of these oils, caffeol, is created at about 200 °C (392 °F), which is largely responsible for coffee's aroma and flavor. The difference of caffeine content between a light roast and a dark roast is only about 0.1%. | Light roasts and dark roasts differ in caffeine content by about 0.1%. |
Give a short bulleted list of key points in the history of coffee | The history of coffee dates back to centuries of old oral tradition in modern day Ethiopia. However, neither where coffee was first cultivated nor direct evidence of its consumption prior to the 15th century have been found. Sufi monasteries in Yemen employed coffee as an aid to concentration during prayers. Coffee later spread to the Levant and Persia in the early 16th century; it caused some controversy on whether it was halal in Ottoman and Mamluk society. Coffee arrived in Italy the second half of the 16th century through commercial Mediterranean trade routes, while Central and Eastern Europeans learnt of coffee from the Ottomans. By the mid 17th century, it had reached India and the East Indies.
Coffee houses would establish themselves in Western Europe by the late 17th century, especially in England and Germany. One of the earliest cultivations of coffee in the New World was when Gabriel de Clieu brought coffee seedlings to Martinique in 1720. These beans later sprouted 18,680 coffee trees which enabled its spread to other Caribbean islands like Saint-Domingue and also to Mexico. By 1788, Saint-Domingue supplied half the world's coffee.
By 1852, globally, Brazil became the largest producer of coffee and has held that status ever since. The period since 1950 saw the widening of the playing field due to the emergence of several other major producers, notably Colombia, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, and Vietnam; the latter overtook Colombia and became the second-largest producer in 1999. Modern production techniques along with the mass productization of coffee has made it a household item today. | * Oral tradition has coffee drinking originating in modern day Ethiopia
* Sufi monasteries in Yemen used coffee to aid prayers in the 15th century
* Spread to the Levant and Persia in the 16th century
* Arrived in Italy in the second half of the 16th century via Ottoman empire
* By mid-17th century had arrived in India and the East Indies
* Established in Western Europe by the late 17th century, especially in England and Germany
* First cultivated in Martinique in the New World in 1720 and spread to Sanit-Domingue and Mexico
* By 1852 Brazil had become the world's largest coffee producer
* Since 1950 the major growers have been Colombia, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, and Vietnam |
Is Seattle a nice place to live? | Seattle came in at No. 39 in the 2023 World's Best Cities Report, a comprehensive annual study by Resonance Consultancy. Seattle is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. The culture of Seattle is heavily defined by its significant musical history. Between 1918 and 1951, nearly 24 jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District to the Central District. The jazz scene nurtured the early careers of Ernestine Anderson, Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, and others. The city is also the origin of rock acts such as Foo Fighters, Heart, and Jimi Hendrix, as well as the grunge subgenre of rock and its pioneering bands Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, Nirvana, and Soundgarden. The city itself is hilly, though not uniformly so. Like Rome, the city is said to lie on seven hills; the lists vary but typically include Capitol Hill, First Hill, West Seattle, Beacon Hill, Queen Anne, Magnolia, and the former Denny Hill. Due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, Seattle is in a major earthquake zone. Temperature extremes are moderated by the adjacent Puget Sound, greater Pacific Ocean, and Lake Washington. Thus extreme heat waves are rare in the Seattle area, as are very cold temperatures (below about 15 °F (−9 °C)). The Seattle area is the cloudiest region of the United States, due in part to frequent storms and lows moving in from the adjacent Pacific Ocean. With many more "rain days" than other major American cities, Seattle has a well-earned reputation for frequent rain. Seattle's economy is driven by a mix of older industrial companies and "new economy" internet and technology companies, as well as service, design, and clean technology companies. | Yes |
From the passage provided, extract the diameter of eukaryotic ribosomes. | Prokaryotic ribosomes are around 20 nm (200 Å) in diameter and are composed of 65% rRNA and 35% ribosomal proteins. Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter with an rRNA-to-protein ratio that is close to 1. Crystallographic work has shown that there are no ribosomal proteins close to the reaction site for polypeptide synthesis. This suggests that the protein components of ribosomes do not directly participate in peptide bond formation catalysis, but rather that these proteins act as a scaffold that may enhance the ability of rRNA to synthesize protein (See: Ribozyme). | Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manny Pacquiao continues to step up his preparations ahead of the $300million (£200m) mega-fight against Floyd Mayweather in May. Having come face-to-face earlier in the week in Los Angeles, the pair returned to their respective camps and got back to the serious business of training. On Day 12 of his road workout Pacquiao was joined by fans as he stretched and pushed himself to the limits as he looks to step up his fitness levels. Manny Pacquiao continues to step up his preparations ahead of the mega-fight against Floyd Mayweather . Both athletes’ momentum is gaining rapidly and it was announced earlier in the week that the duo had agreed to conduct the mega-fight under the US Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) testing program. The Las Vegas showdown will observe the rules established under the World Anti-Doping Code (Code), the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List and the USADA Protocol for Olympic and Paralympic Movement Testing. Both fighters have agreed to unannounced blood and urine testing without reservation and will be tested out of competition prior to the fight and in competition after the fight. Mayweather posted a video of himself skipping on Instagram as he prepares to face Pacquiao . Mayweather was watched by a large crowd as he skipped - while Phil Collins' In the Air Tonight was playing . Mayweather posted a video on Instagram of himself working out on Friday - with Phil Collins' In the Air Tonight playing in the background. Earlier in the day, he posted pictures of himself working on the speed bag, heavy bag and pads. And on Thursday Pacquiao also posted a video on Instagram as he continued his road work with another group running session. Manny Pacquiao was joined by a large entourage as he once again hit the streets . Pacquiao and Mayweather have agreed to unannounced blood and urine testing prior to and after their fight . Mayweather hits the speed bag as his training camp continues in his Las Vegas gym . Mayweather pounds the heavy bag as he prepares to defend his unbeaten 47-0 record against his rival . Mayweather is taken on the pads with just seven weeks until he takes on Pacquiao on May 2 . | Manny Pacquiao was joined by fans on Day 12 of his road workout . Boxer continues to train ahead of mega-fight with Floyd Mayweather . Both have stepped up their training in recent weeks ahead of the bout . The $300million (£200m) Showdown is due to take place in Vegas in May . CLICK HERE for all the latest Pacquiao vs Mayweather news . |
Given this paragraph about e-readers, what is the e-reader designed and marketed by Amazon? | Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon. Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines and other digital media via wireless networking to the Kindle Store. The hardware platform, which Amazon subsidiary Lab126 developed, began as a single device in 2007. Currently, it comprises a range of devices, including e-readers with E Ink electronic paper displays and Kindle applications on all major computing platforms. All Kindle devices integrate with Windows and macOS file systems and Kindle Store content and, as of March 2018, the store had over six million e-books available in the United States. | Amazon Kindle |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It seems like just yesterday that David and Victoria Beckham announced the arrival of their first child. But today Brooklyn Beckham, rumoured to have been named after the place he was conceived, turned 16 years old. His birthday marks the end of an 18-month period in which he has stepped out from his parents shadow, becoming all the more famous in his own right. Scroll down for video . Brooklyn Beckham, the eldest of David and Victoria's children, turns 16 today. We look back over his transformation from super sweet football mascot to star in his own right . To celebrate Brooklyn's birthday his father David took to his Facebook page, he shared this sweet snap of himself with his son under the caption, 'Happy Birthday to my big boy xx' Bonpoint Tamara pleated dress . Now sold out! Visit site . It's official: two of New York Fashion Week's most watched women, Kim Kardashian and Victoria Beckham have been upstaged by their adorable daughters. But whilst little North West has been hitting the headlines for her tantrums, Harper Beckham managed to hold it together for her mother's Fall 2015 catwalk show. Well, when surrounded by Anna Wintour, as well as David, Brooklyn, Romeo and Cruz Beckham, who wouldn't be stunned into silence?! As ever, she looked ridiculously cute, this time wearing a black pleated dress by Bonpoint, which features a cutesy contrast Peter Pan collar. We love this formal frock, and Harper has clearly inherited her mum's love of the little black dress! Unfortunately, this exact style flew off the shelves as soon as Harper was spotted in it, but luckily there are plenty of options to help you dress up your little darlings. This Fendi number in particular is just too cool for school. Boden cosy velour dress (now $32.50) Visit site . Fendi kids logo dress at Zappos Couture . Visit site . Petit Lem sequin star dress at SAKS (now $24.99) Visit site . Imoga little girl dress at SAKS (now $40) Visit site . Indeed, from attending fashion shows, to modelling for magazines and even a rumoured romance with a Hollywood actress, Brooklyn has put his name firmly on the map. He was even gifted a pair of shoes by Kanye West on his big day, he posted a picture of a fresh pair of Yeezy Boosts on his Instagram account this morning saying: 'Thanks Kanye for the yeezys.' Of course, it can't hurt that David and Victoria are undoubtedly one of the most famous and best-loved couples in the world. And their much adored family unit, including Brooklyn's siblings, Romeo, 12, Cruz, 10 and Harper, three, has gone a long way to cementing their overall popularity. They have been taking Brooklyn out from a young age. As a little boy he was regularly spotted at his father's football matches or out and about with his mother. But it's only been in the last year or so that he's truly stepped out of his shell, even attending events on his own. On Instagram, the teen is incredibly popular, having only opened his account in November he already has 359,000 followers. Brooklyn has boosted his popularity by joining Instagram and posting pictures of his family . Brooklyn often posts photographs of himself posing for selfies to his Instagram account, much to the delight of his young fans . In August Brooklyn attended the If I Stay premiere in LA. At the time he was rumoured to be dating actress Chloe Moretz who stars in the film . He regularly posts selfies which amass thousands of likes and pictures of himself enjoying the jetset lifestyle including luxury holidays around the world. When in November he posted an image of himself with his designer mother at the wedding of Elton John and David Furnish it was picked up by websites around the world. But Brooklyn's transformation into the young man he is today first started as long ago as November 2013, when Victoria took him as her date to the Harper's Bazaar Women of the year awards. Since then he has become a regular on the red carpet. In February and September 2014 he hit the FROW at his mother's NYFW shows. Attending again in February this year along with his little brother's and sister. Brooklyn is a regular at his Mum's fashion shows, pictured her at her February show with his siblings Harper, being carried by Victoria, Cruz (front) and Romeo (left) Brooklyn always dote on his younger siblings, he was photographed carrying a sleepy Harper through the streets of New York following his Mum's fashion show in February . In October he took part in his first ever solo photoshoot for New York Times Style Magazine, looking very much the spitting image of his famous father. Indeed much has been made of the likeness between Brooklyn and his father, especially after he bleached his hair blonde - as his Dad once had - in January. At the time he posted a picture of himself on Instagram, hilariously captioning it: 'Blonds have more fun.' His rumoured relationship with Chloe Moretz, 17- neither part have confirmed or denied that they were ever a couple - also helped to boost his profile. The pair were regularly spotted out and about together in 2014. Chloe has described Brooklyn as: 'A very good guy,' adding, 'I like hanging out with him. And in December he was photographed leaving red carpet event, ‘A Night With Nick,’ along with singer Talia Storm and blogger Tessie Hartmann. Brooklyn was supposed to join Arsenals training academy but unfortunately he failed to make the cut, it was announced that he had not managed to get a sponsorship in February . One of a handful of appearances where neither his mother or father played chaperone. He also attended the premiere of If I Stay (in which Chloe stars) without them in Hollywood in August. But despite this move into the limelight Brooklyn, it seems, remains grounded. In fact, it has been widely reported that he has a job in a local coffee shop which apparently pays him just £2.68 an hour. He is also a hands-on big brother to his younger siblings Cruz, nine, and Romeo, 12, and sister Harper, three, often photographed carrying and cuddling her. And he still enjoys the same hobbies that most young teenagers enjoy such as skateboarding and hanging out with his friends. Unlike most teenagers though, Brooklyn does have a superstar sporting legend as a father, and he is tipped to follow in his dad David’s footballing footsteps. However, a spanner was recently thrown in the works for the young star after he was dropped from Arsenals training academy after failing to earn himself a scholarship. From football mascot to selfie taking star we look back over Brooklyn Beckham's transformation... David's little mascot Brooklyn was welcomed onto the pitch at just 18 months old. He was spotted walking around with his father as he celebrated a Manchester win against Tottenham in the year 2000 . Brooklyn also started watching football at an early age, here he is pictured at a Bolton VS Manchester United match at Old Trafford with David, at age 2 . Brooklyn joined his father on the pitch again following a match at Old Trafford in 2001. David carried his son after winning the premiership with his team . Brooklyn, clutching a sweet picture of a plane, sat with his mother as David played with England in the Euro 2004 championships at the Coimbra Stadium in Portugal . In the same year Brooklyn would walk the red carpet, aged just 5, at the Scooby Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed premiere in Islington, North London . As a celebrity child Brooklyn got to live the jet set lifestyle, travelling with Victoria in 2006 to Nuremburg to watch David play in the Fifa world cup . Brooklyn had famous friends from a young age, here he is pictured in Los Angeles at the World Series of Football Exhibition game in 2007 pulling faces at a young Suri Cruise, the daughter of Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes . Brooklyn wasn't just a fan of football, he also enjoyed basketball and was pictured watching a game between the Boston Celtics and the LA Lakers in California with his father in 2008 . By 2010 Brooklyn was becoming used to the cameras, posing with David in a smart suit at The Sun Military Awards which were held at the Imperial War Museum, London . Brooklyn and his two brothers Cruz (centre) and Romeo (right) posed with their parents on the red carpet with Victoria the only member of the family choosing not to wear dark colours . By 2012 Brooklyn had a smart new hair cut just like his father, the family attended an event together in LA where they lived at the time . In 2013 Brooklyn made a splash on the red carpet as his mum took him as her date to the Glamour Awards in Berkeley Square, London . At the end of the year Brooklyn made another appearance at the premiere of his father's film 'The Class of 92,' much has been made of the likeness between Brooklyn and his father. Romeo and Cruz also attended . In February 2014 Brooklyn joined his family on front row at his Mum's fashion show, David snapped a picture of his young children at the event which was held in New York . In November 2014 Brooklyn shared this photograph of himself and Victoria at Elton John and David Furnish's wedding, it quickly gained thousands of likes in just a few hours . Brooklyn was hopeful that he would follow in his father's footsteps as a footballer - pictured here with some of his Arsenal U16 team-mates. However, he failed to get a sponsorship for the team . In another snap shared by Brooklyn on Instagram he showed off his younger brothers Romeo (left) and Cruz (right) at his mother's fashion show in New York in February . Brooklyn sat front row again this season at Victoria's show, he is pictured sitting next to one of his younger brothers, Harper sits on her father's lap next to Vogue editor Anna Wintour . | David and Victoria Beckham's son celebrates his 16th birthday today . Over the past 18 months he has become famous in his own right . Was set to follow in his father's footsteps but was dropped by Arsenal . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It is the ultimate room with a view for Formula One fans. Racing afficionados will next week be able to spend the night and the race day in the heart of the action at the Malaysian Grand Prix on the Sepang Track. Between March 27 and 29, visitors will also have a unique midnight tour of the track, a traditional Malaysian breakfast in the morning with former pit reporter Sanjeev Palar, and an exclusive behind-the-scenes pit tour. Enjoy the world's hottest race, F1, from the comforts of your sofa, with a unique stay in the heart of the action inside Sepang Track in Malaysia . The apartment boasts unrivaled views of the racing track and will allow fans to witness their favourite stars up close . The apartment sleeps four and provides a unique luxury experience with panoramic views . Guests can enjoy the open plan apartment for all three sessions of the race including practice, qualifying and race day itself. The home is described as an 'oasis at the heart of the world’s hottest race' and comes complete with a large living room featuring panorama windows offering uninterrupted views of the racetrack, one master bedroom, a kitchen, a dining area and a bathroom. Fans can witness every second of the world's fastest engines from the comfort of the living room couch. They can also bring along three friends of their own to share in the exciting event. From Monaco to Melbourne, the world’s fastest and most prestigious race has traversed five continents, renowned for its roaring engines and sky-high temperatures . Depending on the dates assigned, guests will be treated to a Race Pit tour, a Midnight Track Tour and an Sunday breakfast with an Airbnb host, Malaysia’s pit lane reporter, Sanjeev Palar . In order to secure your place in this once-in-a-lifetime racing experience, enter at Airbnb before March 22. The Sepang Track stay forms part of Airbnb’s ‘A Night At’ campaign, which aims to convert unique locations around the world, where no one has ever been able to spend the night before, into unforgettable night stays. This has included a night at the top of the Holmenkollen ski jump in Norway. Inside the open plan apartment, there is a large living room, with panorama views of the racetrack, one master bedroom, a small kitchen, a dining area and a bathroom . Guests will get to watch all three sessions of the race – practice, qualifying and race day itself . | Enjoy unbeatable views of the world's fastest car engines at Sepang Track . The open plan apartment sleeps four and has a kitchen for race snacks . You will also get an exclusive midnight track and pit stop tour . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Brazil legend Romario has backed Barcelona striker Neymar to break the country's long-standing goalscoring record currently held by Pele. Neymar is already the fifth highest scorer in Brazil's history with 42 goals in 60 caps behind only Pele (77), Ronaldo (62), Romario (55) and Zico (48). But the Barcelona forward is still only 23 years of age, and Romario thinks he will one day break the great Pele's record. Barcelona forward Neymar has scored 42 goals in 60 appearances so far for Brazil . Romario thinks the 23-year-old is capable of surpassing Pele's all-time goalscoring record . Pele, pictured in Mexico City after winning the 1970 World Cup , scored 77 times for Brazil . Romario told Folha de Sao Paulo: 'I think because of his age, though he still has others to topple, Neymar will become top goalscorer in Brazil's history, surpassing Pele. 'It wouldn't hurt if Neymar leapfrogged me in the list. I left my mark on history and now it's his turn.' Romario played 70 times for Brazil during his long playing career and was part of the team that won the 1994 World Cup in the United States. | Neymar has scored 42 times in 60 appearances for Brazil . Pele leads Brazil's all-time scoring list with 77 goals . Romario thinks the 23-year-old will surpass Pele's record . |
Give an introduction of Fairfax county in Virginia. | Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax, is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is part of Northern Virginia and borders both the city of Alexandria and Arlington County and forms part of the suburban ring of Washington, D.C. The county is predominantly suburban in character with some urban and rural pockets.
As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,150,309, making it Virginia's most populous jurisdiction, with around 13% of the Commonwealth's population. The county is also the most populous jurisdiction in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, with around 20% of the MSA population, as well as the larger Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area, with around 13% of the CSA population. The county seat is Fairfax, although because it is an independent city under Virginia law, the city of Fairfax is not part of Fairfax County.
Fairfax was the first U.S. county to reach a six-figure median household income and has the third-highest median household income of any county-level local jurisdiction in the U.S. Fairfax County, as part of the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, is usually included atop or near the top of lists of the wealthiest areas in the United States.
The county is home to the headquarters of several intelligence agencies such as the Central Intelligence Agency, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Reconnaissance Office, National Counterterrorism Center, and Office of the Director of National Intelligence as well as the headquarters of several aerospace manufacturing and defense industry giants. The county is also home to the flagship campus of George Mason University, and headquarters to seven Fortune 500 companies, including three in the Falls Church area, though not in the independent municipality of Falls Church. | Fairfax county locates in northern Virginia, it is bounded on the north and southeast by the Potomac River. The county has a populate of 1,164,025 in 2022, with a growth of 13,716 from 2020. It is also the most populous jurisdiction in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area
Fairfax has a thriving economy, attractive to business and is headquarters to several Fortune 500 companies. Fairfax has excellent schools, it's public school system is top-ranked in the nation, and is home to George Mason University.
Fairfax County is also home to many historic sites and cultural attractions; like Mount Vernon, Wolf Trap national park. |
Based on this paragraph about a singer, how many top-ten singles has Rihanna had in the United States? | With sales of over 250 million records worldwide, Rihanna is the second-best-selling female music artist of all time. She has earned 14 number-ones and 32 top-ten singles in the US and 31 top-ten entries in the UK. Her accolades include nine Grammy Awards, 13 American Music Awards (including the Icon Award), 12 Billboard Music Awards, six Guinness World Records, the NAACP's President's Award, and an Academy Award nomination. Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012 and 2018. Forbes ranked her among the top ten highest-paid celebrities in 2012 and 2014. As of 2023, she is the wealthiest female musician, with an estimated net worth of $1.4 billion. | 32 |
Given the reference text below, what is Safer Internet Day? | Safer Internet Day is celebrated worldwide to raise awareness about online safety. Many people take safety on the internet for granted and for that reason it is important to educate people about possible data breaches. Childnet, as part of the UK Safer Internet Centre, coordinate Safer Internet Day in the UK. Safer Internet Day 2015 saw over 800 organizations in the UK taking part to help promote the safe, responsible and positive use of digital technology for children and young people. For the day the UK Safer Internet Centre launched a new study Friendship in a Digital Age and launched the #Up2Us film, which was made by 150 young people to inspire others to do something kind online. | Safer Internet Day raises awareness about internet safety for children and young people. |
Which district is Lightwater in? | Lightwater is a village in the Surrey Heath district of Surrey, England, about 27 miles (43 km) southwest of central London. Immediately surrounding towns and villages include Bagshot, Deepcut, Windlesham, Camberley, and West End, Woking. It is bounded to the north-west by the M3 motorway and to the north-east by the "Lightwater Bypass" (A322). To the south-east it is bounded by the "Red Road" (B311), while to the south-west there are vehicle-testing tracks owned by the Ministry of Defence.
The village is adjacent to junction 3 of the M3 motorway. The nearest railway station is at Bagshot, on the line between Ascot and Aldershot. Lightwater is part of the civil parish of Windlesham, which has a population of 17,000 and also includes the neighbouring village of Bagshot. | Lightwater is in Surrey Heath district in Surrey. It is in the civil parish of Windlesham. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sanaa, Yemen (CNN)The U.S. military has pulled its remaining personnel out of Yemen due to the deteriorating security situation, the U.S. State Department said. The evacuation involved about 100 Special Operations forces members from the Al Anad airbase, sources in the region familiar with the situation told CNN. The State Department called it a temporary relocation. Those evacuated, which include Navy SEALs and members of the Army's Delta Force, were the last American forces stationed in the Arab nation, which is home to al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, the terrorist group also known as AQAP. "We ... continue to actively monitor terrorist threats emanating from Yemen and have capabilities postured in the area to address them," State Department Spokesman Jeff Rathke said late Saturday. "As we have in the past, we will take action to disrupt continuing, imminent threats to the United States and our citizens." The United States closed its embassy in Sanaa last month, after Houthi rebels took over the Yemeni capital. And hundreds of al Qaeda members escaped two Yemeni prisons Thursday and Friday, raising further security questions. "There is no military solution to Yemen's current crisis," Jeff Rathke said. "We urge the immediate cessation of all unilateral and offensive military actions." The United Nations is taking the situation seriously. The Security Council will meet at 3 p.m. ET Sunday to discuss Yemen, the French mission said Saturday via Twitter. For years, the U.S. military has worked closely with Yemen's government to go after AQAP, together carrying out numerous attacks like the 2011 drone strike that killed prominent al Qaeda figure Anwar al-Awlaki. And U.S. President Barack Obama has hailed this cooperation as a pillar in his anti-terrorism campaign. "Yemen has never been a perfect democracy or a island of stability," Obama said in January, promoting the policy of "partnering and intelligence-sharing with that local government" as the best approach in a bad situation. "The alternative would be for us to play whack-a-mole every time there is a terrorist actor inside of any given country," the President said. But while there have been drone strikes as recently as last month, these cooperative efforts have been hampered by Yemen's growing difficulty in maintaining unity and peace. These include the rise of the Houthis, their battles with forces loyal to ousted President Abdu Rabu Mansour Hadi and the presence of not only al Qaeda fighters but other militants. On Friday, for instance, ISIS purportedly claimed responsibility for bombings at two mosques in Sanaa what, if true, would mark that group's first large-scale attack in Yemen. The claim came in a statement posted on a site that previously carried ISIS proclamations, but couldn't be immediately authenticated by CNN. Those blasts killed at least 137 people and wounded 357 others, according to Yemen's state-run Saba news agency. While ISIS and al Qaeda are both Sunni groups that espouse extreme versions of Islam and violent opposition to the West, that doesn't mean they will be working together anytime soon. In fact, AQAP strongly rebuked ISIS in a video released in November, characterizing its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi's declaration of an Islamic caliphate as illegitimate. More than anything, the idea of the group calling itself the Islamic State violently flexing its muscles speaks to the chaotic situation there. With no one really in control, that means numerous groups -- including those with a history of killing civilians and lashing out at the West -- have been more room to operate and a better chance potentially to take over. Meanwhile, the main players for control of Yemen's government -- those siding with Hadi, who still claims to be president after being deposed earlier this year, and the Houthis, a minority group that's strongest in the northern part of the country -- remain very much at odds. Just two days ago, a Yemeni jet commanded by the capital's Houthi conquerors fired missiles at a palace housing Hadi in the port city of Aden. No one was injured, but the direct strike nonetheless marked an escalation in the deadly fighting between the two sides. The airstrikes came on the same day opposing Yemeni military forces -- some under the Houthis, others led by officers loyal to Hadi -- battled in Aden, said Aden Gov. AbdulAziz Hobtour. At least 13 people died and 21 others were injured in those clashes, according to Hobtour. Hadi took to the airwaves of Adan TV, a station he recently started, on Saturday in his first televised speech since escaping house arrest. He called on all political factions to take part in upcoming talks in the Saudi capital of Riyadh, condemning the Aden strike and urging Yemeni troops to refuse orders from Houthi officials. Hadi tied the Houthis to Iran, which he was said supported the "coup" that led to his departure from Aden. "The Iranian agenda of the Houthis will not last," he said. After Hadi spoke, the Houthi-run SABA news agency responded, saying the Supreme Revolutionary Committee has decided to mobilize forces and "directed security and military institutions to carry out their duties to confront (the) dirty war." "The Committee announces the decision to call proud sons of the Yemeni people in all regions to unite, collaborate and cooperate with members of the armed and security forces in the face of terrorist forces in all parts of the country," the report said. Mohammed Al Bukhaiti, a top member of the Houthi Political Council, said Hadi's speech won't help Yemen reach a peaceful resolution and accused him of reneging on a deal last September to transfer power. "We blame Hadi for not implementing this deal that drew the road map that would have solved Yemen's ongoing crises," Al Bukhaiti said. "Hadi will be held responsible for the country's failures and that chaos that could follow." Journalist Hakim Almasmari reported from Sanaa, and CNN's Greg Botelho reported and wrote from Atlanta. CNN's Hamdi Alkhshali, Ed Payne and Laura Koran contributed to this report. | U.S. military forces have been evacuated from Al Anad airbase . U.N. Security Council to meet Sunday to discuss Yemen . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jihadi John, unmasked as Mohammed Emwazi, had an obsessive crush on Ahlam Ajjot when they were at school together (both pictured) Merciless killer Jihadi John dressed like a gangster rapper, smoked cannabis and had an obsessive crush on a girl at school, friends have revealed. The ISIS executioner, unmasked this week as Londoner Mohammed Emwazi, was in a violent gang which used Tasers to target rich victims and 'borderline stalked' a girl he was fixated on. Ahlam Ajjot, 27, has spoken of her horror that the world's most wanted terrorist lusted after her when the pair were just 16 and both attended Quintin Kynaston school in St John's Wood. 'He never spoke to girls unless he had to. He was awkward,' she told Simon Wright and Dan Warburton at the Sunday Mirror. 'I never knew Mohammed liked me and I can't believe it now when I think about him feeling that way. 'I was so shocked when I saw the news that he was Jihadi John. I couldn't believe the pictures of him in a balaclava and in Syria.' Another former friend, who wished to remain anonymous, has exposed the killer's teenage past saying he took part in rowdy vodka drinking sessions and smoked cannabis despite being Muslim. She branded the University of Westminster graduate a 'hypocrite' and said the fact that he portrays himself as a strict Muslim is 'laughable and shameful' because of his past behaviour. 'He smoked drugs, drank and was violent towards other boys,' she told The Sun. 'He tries to paint himself as devout, but he doesn't know the meaning of the word. The fact that he portrays himself as a strict Muslim is laughable and shameful.' 'I never saw him pray or wear Islamic dress — he would not even mention religion at all.' It comes as sources revealed the extremist was tracked down in Syria after using a student discount code to download computer software online. He used a laptop in the war-torn country to download the technology with the code identifying him as the former University of Westminster computer student, the Sunday Express reported. Counter terrorism investigators were able to pinpoint his location from the slip-up. The ISIS executioner was revealed as Londoner Mohammed Emwazi earlier this week who is said to have dressed like a gangster rapper and smoked cannabis at school . His role as Islamic State's sadistic butcher is a far cry from the 10-year-old schoolboy who dreamed of being a footballer when he attended St Mary Magdalene Church of England primary school (pictured) 'In today’s electronic age of social media and technology, we chase the digital footprint before we chase the person,' a source told the newspaper. 'Anyone who has a credit card, a Facebook page or a national insurance number has a digital footprint. 'The same goes for a student number, these records are unique to that person.' Emwazi who has featured in six ISIS beheading videos, moved to the capital from Kuwait at the age of six. It has been claimed he was 'never the same' after suffering a serious head injury when he ran into a goal post as a child, according to a former classmate. He is said to have attended anger management classes because of his violent behaviour towards classmates at school. The female friend, who met Emwazi in 2001 when they were both 12, said he proved himself as a 'capable brawler'. 'I saw him get into a fight in the sports hall. It was over a game of pushing and shoving,' she said. 'He was suspended from school for two days because of that fight, but he didn't seem to care — he was very rebellious.' Once they joined the same gang at the age of 13, he would skip classes and smoke cannabis outside a convenience shop. The ISIS executioner, pictured with British journalist David Haines, was part of a gang was was violent towards other boys at school . 'He would enjoy sit-sitting in the corner, smoking weed. It didn't bother him that it was illegal or against his faith,' said the friend. Instead of attending his local mosque, he started hanging out in shisha cafes and looked up to older Asian men who drove flash cars, smoked cannabis and bragged of womanising. The 'painfully shy' teenager developed an intense crush on Ms Ajjot and followed her around, according to a former friend. 'Everyone could see that he was making a fool of himself and that he was borderline stalking her. But he just didn't get it,' said the schoolmate. He said Emwazi had a habit of putting his hand up to his mouth when he spoke after being teased about his bad breath. The teenager was bullied and was given the nickname 'Little Mo' as he was so short. By the time he got to the sixth form, Emwazi's only friend was a younger boy who's older brother was killed in a US drone attack on terror targets in Somalia in 2013. Emwazi is said to have attended the demonstration outside the Harrow Central Mosque in North-West London in 2009 to 'celebrate' the eighth anniversary of the 9/11 attacks. Emwazi (front row, second from left) pictured with classmates at St Mary Magdalene Church of England primary school in west London where he suffered a head injury . Emwazi (red circle) is said to have attended the demonstration outside the Harrow Central Mosque in North-West London in 2009 . The Londoner was radicalised by fanatical hate-preachers and is now on the Syrian battlefields killing in the name of religion. One of his old friends said she saw him on Edgware Road, West London, in 2012 and he was wearing long, white Islamic robes. His role as Islamic State's sadistic butcher is a far cry from the 10-year-old schoolboy who dreamed of being a footballer when he attended St Mary Magdalene Church of England primary school. Describing his ambitions for his life in his primary school yearbook, he said: 'What I want to be when I grow up is a footballer', and said by the age of 30 he would be 'in a football team scoring a goal'. He listed his favourite band as pop group S Club 7 and said his favourite cartoon was The Simpsons. Kuwaiti authorities are closely monitoring several of Emwazi's relatives who live and work in the Gulf emirate where the Islamic State executioner was born, according to reports. A number of the executioner's relatives are working in Kuwait and like him hold British citizenship, Al-Qabas newspaper reported. 'Security agencies have taken the necessary measures to monitor them round the clock,' the paper said, citing an 'informed source.' His father Jassem Abdulkareem, also a British national, is currently in Kuwait and is expected to be summoned by authorities. | Jihadi John smoked cannabis and dressed like a gangster rapper at school . ISIS executioner has been unmasked as Londoner Mohammed Emwazi . He had an obsessive crush on classmate Ahlam Ajjot, 27, and 'stalked her' She has spoken of horror that world's most wanted terrorist lusted after her . He was part of a gang and was violent towards boys at London school . Emwazi was tracked down after using his student number on a laptop . He downloaded free software using details from University of Westminster . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Alexis Sanchez has been training at Arsenal's London Colney training base with Chile ahead of their game against Brazil in London, but has been joined by some unlikely new team-mates: his dogs. Sanchez's Chile meet Brazil in a repeat of last summer's World Cup second-round clash at the Emirates Stadium on Sunday, and the Arsenal forward has been making the most of his home comforts between training sessions with his international colleagues. In what seems a slightly unusual way of preparing for a game, the 26-year-old has been taking his dogs around the pitches during the international break. Alexis Sanchez is pictured with his two dogs Atom and Humber during training with Chile on Saturday . The Chile star joined his two dogs for a jog around Arsenal's London Colney base ahead of facing Brazil . Dog-loving Sanchez's canine duo Atom and Humber were pictured accompanying their owner on a jog around the north London base. Sunday's South American showdown at the Emirates pits Sanchez against his former Barcelona team-mate Neymar, who he still holds a close friendship with. The pair last met at the World Cup, with Neymar's Brazil prevailing on penalties. Sanchez had scored Chile's first-half equaliser in Belo Horizonte but missed in the shoot-out before Neymar sealed the win for the hosts. The game against Brazil at the Emirates Stadium reunites Sanchez with his former team-mate Neymar . The pair spent a year together at Barcelona before Sanchez was sold on to Arsenal last summer . 'I'm so excited and honoured to be playing for the national team of Chile, against our great rivals Brazil, in front of the incredible Arsenal fans at Emirates Stadium,' Sanchez said. 'I also look forward to playing against my good friend Neymar. 'Matches between Brazil and Chile are always exciting encounters, and for me, to play this game at Emirates Stadium will make the match even more special.' Training at London Colney with Chile is a familiar experience for Sanchez, as it is usually Arsenal's base . The 26-year-old forward has had an impressive season since arriving in the Barclays Premier League . | Alexis Sanchez has been enjoying some time with his dogs in training . The dogs, Atom and Humber, were seen running around London Colney . Sanchez and Chile face his Brazil and his close friend Neymar on Sunday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Three Florida police officers were fired and a fourth resigned after exchanging a series of racially offensive text messages and a video that portrayed President Barack Obama in a derogatory way, Fort Lauderdale police said. Jason Holding, James Wells and Christopher Sousa were terminated after a five-month internal affairs investigation found sustained department misconduct, conduct unbecoming of a police officer and engaging in "conduct prejudicial to the good of the order of the police department." A fourth officer, Alex Alvarez, resigned but authorities said Friday that he would have been fired had he not done so. In the text message exchanges, the former officers used racially derogatory terms to refer to people they encountered while on duty, included racially insensitive material from the film, "Django Unchained," and talked about getting drunk and "killing n*****," according to investigative documents. The men allegedly criticized co-workers, including African-Americans, making crude comments about their grammar, appearance and work ethic. One message referred to an entire shift as "lazy f****," the documents state. Alvarez created a faux movie trailer with the title "The Hoods," with offensive language and images of Obama, the Ku Klux Klan and African-Americans. "There was no criminal behavior detected during this investigation, however, the four officers' conduct was inexcusable and there is zero tolerance for this kind of behavior in the Fort Lauderdale Police Department," Chief Franklin Adderley told reporters. "Its attempt was to damage the image of our agency and I just hope that the people and the public realize that we're not going to tolerate it and anyone that's engaged in this behavior will be addressed immediately," he said. In a statement, the Fort Lauderdale Fraternal Order of Police said the officers deserve their due process, CNN affiliate WSVN reported. "The Fraternal Order of Police is a multicultural organization which does not tolerate racism," the group's president, Jack Lokeinsky, said in the statement. "Our officers take great pride in our commitment to diversity. Our dedicated officers have positive relationships with residents in every community we serve." The officers worked in a predominantly African-American neighborhood. "I am very disappointed, disgusted and shocked by this incident," Mayor Jack Seiler said. "The inappropriate racist behavior exhibited by those involved is unacceptable and reprehensible, it violates the trust we place in our law enforcement officers, it damages the bond we have established in our community and undermines the standards in which each and every city employee is held accountable," Seiler said at a news conference. Police officials were alerted of the existence of offensive material by Alvarez's ex-fiancee, who discovered it when the couple agreed to check each others' phones, according to the documents. The woman told police she thought their behavior was wrong, but feared he would hurt her if she told anyone. After the 10-month relationship ended, she went to the authorities. Adderley said that four officers had not exhibited a pattern of race-related complaints. Holding was recently disciplined with a two-day suspension for mishandling property of a suspect. The police department is implementing a mandatory "diversity class" for officers and a screening process for new hires, said Adderley. | Fort Lauderdale officers exchanged racially offensive text messages . Three officers were fired, a fourth resigned . Police chief: "There was no criminal behavior detected" |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Thorgan Hazard has revealed it remains his ambition to return to Chelsea, despite only leaving the club on a permanent basis in February. The 21-year-old younger brother of Eden joined Borussia Monchengladbach on loan last summer and made the deal with the Bundesliga club permanent just last month. Hazard moved to Chelsea from Lens in 2012 and spent two seasons on loan at Belgian club Zulte Waregem before moving to Germany. Thorgan Hazard made his loan deal with Borussia Monchengladbach permanent at the end of February . Hazard signed a contract until 2020 with the Bundesliga club, but Chelsea have retained a buy-back option . Hazard has revealed he wants to return to Chelsea after proving himself in the Bundesliga . The youngster is still highly-rated at Chelsea, who have retained a but-back option as part of the transfer, and Hazard has revealed he dreams of returning to the Premier League leaders in the future. 'Now I've signed here I'm only focused on Monchengladbach. After this, playing at Chelsea remains a goal,' he told Le Figaro. 'I hope that, in a few years, I can return and play there. 'First, I want to have a big season in a major league. I've not done that yet. I hope that, in a few years, I can have accomplished that. But for now, I'm only focused on Monchengladbach. 'If, one day, I want to play at Chelsea again I better play well. But first, I need to help the team achieve our goals.' | Thorgan Hazard joined Borussia Monchengladbach on loan last summer . The 21-year-old made the switch permanent at the end of February . Chelsea retained a buy-back option as part of thetransfer . Hazard reveals he wants to return to play for the club in the future . |
Extract the reasons the Atcama Desert is one of the driest places on earth and list them in bullet format. | One of the driest places on Earth is the Atacama Desert. It is virtually devoid of life because it is blocked from receiving precipitation by the Andes mountains to the east and the Chilean Coast Range to the west. The cold Humboldt Current and the anticyclone of the Pacific are essential to keep the dry climate of the Atacama. The average precipitation in the Chilean region of Antofagasta is just 1 mm (0.039 in) per year. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never received rain. Evidence suggests that the Atacama may not have had any significant rainfall from 1570 to 1971. It is so arid that mountains that reach as high as 6,885 m (22,589 ft) are completely free of glaciers and, in the southern part from 25°S to 27°S, may have been glacier-free throughout the Quaternary, though permafrost extends down to an altitude of 4,400 m (14,400 ft) and is continuous above 5,600 m (18,400 ft). Nevertheless, there is some plant life in the Atacama, in the form of specialist plants that obtain moisture from dew and the fogs that blow in from the Pacific. | -blocked from receiving precipitation by the Andes mountains to the east and the Chilean Coast Range to the west
-cold Humboldt Current and the anticyclone of the Pacific |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Britain's Lewis Hamilton made the perfect start to his world title defense by winning the opening race of the F1 season in Australia Sunday to lead a Mercedes one-two in Melbourne. Polesitter Hamilton controlled the race on the Albert Park street circuit to win from teammate Nico Rosberg of Germany. Four-time world champion Sebastian Vettel took the final podium position for his new team Ferrari, holding off Felipe Massa in the Willams. It was the 34th career victory for two-time world champion Hamilton and underlined the continued dominance of Mercedes as he and Rosberg pulled well clear of their nearest challengers. Hamilton, who was forced to retire early in last year's Australian Grand Prix, was taking the checkered flag in Melbourne for the first time since 2008, when he claimed his first world title for McLaren. It had all gone completely to plan until coming face to face on the victory podium with movie legend Arnold Schwarzenegger, who was conducting the post-race interviews. "Hey man, WOW," said a surprised Hamilton. "It is an incredibly feeling to continue winning but also great to be up here with you." Then taking his courage in his hands, Hamilton cheekily told 'The Terminator' "I thought you were taller!" After getting the thoughts of Rosberg and Vettel, who said it was a "very big honor" to gain his first points for Ferrari, Schwarzenegger turned his attention back to Hamilton. The pair signed off by saying together: "I'll be back," the catchphrase from Schwarzenegger's iconic 1984 film. With Hamilton winning his seventh race from eight starts, his F1 rivals would probably rather he stayed away and Rosberg admitted "he was driving to his max" but could not match the pace of his teammate. Only 11 cars finished the race from a depleted grid of 15 cars, with Valtteri Bottas unable to start for Williams due to a back injury. Pastor Maldonado crashed out on the first lap as the safety car was deployed, while his teammate Romain Grosjean retired early in the 58-lap race to complete a miserable afternoon for Lotus. Britain's Jenson Button in an uncompetitive McLaren was the only driver to finish without a point in 11th place. His regular teammate Fernando Alonso sat out the race after his nasty crash in pre-season testing in Barcelona, while stand-in Kevin Magnussen retired after the warm-up lap. Kimi Raikkonen looked set to underline Ferrari's improvement when running in fifth place, but had to retire the car, with TV replays indicating his left rear tire was not fitted properly after a pit stop. It left the way clear for rookie Felipe Nasr of Brazil to claim an unexpected fifth place for Sauber, which went through the 2014 season without claiming a single point, and also took eighth spot with Marcus Ericsson. Home hopes rested with Daniel Ricciardo, third in last year's title race, but he looked off the pace in the Red Bull in sixth place. Force India pair Nico Hulkenberg and Sergio Perez finished seventh and 10th, with Carlos Sainz Jr. impressing on his F1 debut for Toro Rosso in ninth. Dutch teenager Max Verstappen made F1 history by becoming the youngest driver to compete in an F1 race at 17 years and 166 days, but his hopes were dashed when forced to retire in his Toro Rosso on the 34th lap. | Lewis Hamilton wins opening race of 2015 F1 season in Australia . Mercedes 1-2 with Nico Rosberg in second place . World champion Hamilton had started from pole position . Sebastian Vettel claims final podium place for Ferrari . |
From the passage provided, extract the per capita coffee consumption in kg for Belgium. | Nordic countries are the highest coffee-consuming nations when measured per capita, with consumption in Finland as the world's highest.
Finland – 26.45 lb (12.00 kg)
Norway – 21.82 lb (9.90 kg)
Iceland – 19.84 lb (9.00 kg)
Denmark – 19.18 lb (8.70 kg)
Netherlands – 18.52 lb (8.40 kg)
Sweden – 18.00 lb (8.16 kg)
Switzerland – 17.42 lb (7.90 kg)
Belgium – 15.00 lb (6.80 kg)
Luxembourg – 14.33 lb (6.50 kg)
Canada – 14.33 lb (6.50 kg) | Belgium consumes 6.80 kg of coffee per capita. |
Extract the family name of the fungus Clitocybe subcordispora. | Clitocybe subcordispora is a rare species of agaric fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. Found in northern Europe, it was described as new to science in 1969 by Finnish mycologist Harri Harmaja. It is similar to species in the Clitocybe metachroa complex, but can be distinguished from them by its smaller spores, which measure 4.5–6.0 by 3.0–4.0 µm. | Tricholomataceae |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Angel di Maria will prove his detractors wrong and become a hit at Manchester United, believes the club's former defender Rio Ferdinand. Di Maria made an impressive start to his career at Old Trafford following his £60million summer switch from Real Madrid last summer. The 27-year-old netted three times in his first five games for the Red Devils but has since struggled for form since in recent weeks. Former Manchester United defender Rio Ferdinand believes Angel di Maria will prove a hit at the club . Di Maria (centre right) was sent off on Monday night as United tumbled out of the FA Cup at home to Arsenal . Despite providing the assist for Wayne Rooney's goal in their 2-1 FA Cup sixth round exit to Arsenal on Monday night, Di Maria's night ended prematurely as he was sent off in the second half. Regardless of his dismissal, Ferdinand is adamant that the Argentina international's star qualities will be evident once he has had time adapt to playing in the Premier League. 'I thought [Angel] Di Maria was a great signing for [Manchester] United and I still think he was a good signing because he is a top player,' Ferdinand told Goal. Ferdinand (pictured, left, playing for QPR) feels Di Maria just needs time to adapt to playing in a new country . 'He was arguably [Real] Madrid's best player last year, him and [Cristiano] Ronaldo were their standout players. I think he is a highly talented player. 'But it always takes time for a player to adapt to his new surroundings, especially when you go to a foreign league. Not every player can be like Ronaldo and just turn up and instantly become a superstar. Maybe it will take Di Maria a bit longer. It might take him a year, you never know. 'But his style does suit the Premier League. He is quick, runs at people, hungry to create chances and commit people. I think he is a very talented player and I like him.' Di Maria (right) provided the assist for United's goal against Arsenal before his sending off on Monday night . | Angel di Maria joined Manchester United from Real Madrid last summer . The £60m signing scored three goals in his opening five games for United . The 27-year-old was sent off in the 2-1 FA Cup exit to Arsenal on Monday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | London (CNN)Previously secret correspondence between Britain's Prince Charles and government officials is to be made public after a Supreme Court ruling Thursday. The Guardian newspaper had been fighting for the communications to be released since 2005. Charles is next in line to the British throne and as King would constitutionally be required to maintain strict political neutrality. Some commentators say letters to officials suggest he could be a "meddling king," attempting to influence politicians. After the judgment was released Thursday, Guardian Editor-in-Chief Alan Rusbridger said the paper was "delighted" about the Supreme Court's decision after what he said was a "brilliant 10-year campaign by Guardian reporter Rob Evans." "The government wasted hundreds of thousands of pounds trying to cover up these letters, admitting their publication would 'seriously damage' perceptions of the Prince's political neutrality. Now they must publish them so that the public can make their own judgment," Rusbridger said. Max Foster, CNN's royal correspondent, says the letters are part of a broader discussion about the role of the heir to the throne. "These were private letters, never meant for public consumption, which is why the Prince's office has resisted their release," he said. "But they play into a much bigger debate about the role of monarchy. Should Charles be getting involved in politics at all when, as head of state, he'll be expected to be politically neutral? He's not in that position yet so feels he has some leeway." Prime Minister David Cameron said the judgment was "disappointing" and the government would now look at how to release the letters. "This is about the principle that senior members of the royal family are able to express their views to government confidentially. I think most people would agree this is fair enough," he said. Cameron suggested the legislation might need revision in light of the decision: "Our FOI (freedom of information) laws specifically include the option of a governmental veto, which we exercised in this case for a reason. If the legislation does not make Parliament's intentions for the veto clear enough, then we will need to make it clearer." The Prince's official residence, Clarence House, issued a brief statement about the decision. "This is a matter for the government. Clarence House is disappointed the principle of privacy has not been upheld." The anti-monarchy group Republic welcomed the news but warned that 2010 changes to the Freedom of Information Act to remove the public interest clause put future releases at risk. "The government must now act to end royal secrecy. Any risk to the monarchy must pale against a risk to democracy from having an activist prince acting in secret," CEO Graham Smith said. "We can't have a situation where we don't know what influence Charles is having on government policy." In a statement issued on the eve of the decision, Smith branded the monarchy one of Britain's "most secretive institutions." "Charles clearly has his own political agenda, yet his name won't be on the ballot in May. So we all need to know what influence he is trying to exert and what impact he is having on policy." Evans, the Guardian reporter, had been fighting a legal battle to get the letters published since 2005 when he requested disclosure of communications between Charles and various government departments under the UK's Freedom of Information Act and environmental regulations. After the departments and the information commissioner denied his requests, Evans appealed to the Information Tribunal, which referred the matter to the Upper Tribunal. The Guardian reported in 2009 that Charles had written to Treasury, Foreign Office and Education Department ministers over the previous three years and that his aides had also written letters to government officials. "The disclosures will fuel growing concern that the prince is continuing to interfere in political matters when many believe he should remain neutral if he wishes to become king," the paper said. The Upper Tribunal ruled in 2012 that many of the letters, "advocacy correspondence," should be disclosed, but its decision was vetoed by Britain's attorney general, who issued a certificate overriding it. Explaining his decision, the attorney general said that in that his view, the correspondence was "undertaken as part of The Prince of Wales' preparation for becoming King" and contained nothing that outweighed "strong public interest against disclosure." The Guardian challenged the veto in court, but three high court judges dismissed it, so Evans appealed to the Supreme Court, which on Thursday ruled that the attorney general was not entitled to issue the certificate. | Letters from Prince Charles to officials must be released after a Supreme Court judgment . Britain's Guardian newspaper fought for 10 years to have the documents made public . Clarence House and Prime Minister David Cameron call the decision disappointing . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Gay actor Russell Tovey has apologised after causing outrage for saying he was glad he didn't go to a drama school because its students are 'effeminate' and 'prance around'. Tovey, who plays a British convict deported to Australia in the upcoming BBC drama Banished, made the comments when discussing how the school his father forced him to attend helped 'toughen' him up. The 33-year-old's remarks outraged many and were criticised as 'disparaging' and helping to 'divide the gay community and propagate hate'. Scroll down for video . Actor Russell Tovey (pictured) has been criticised for saying he was glad he didn't attend drama school where students are 'effeminate' and 'prance around' Tovey (pictured far left) with his co-stars in the 2006 film The History Boys, which was based on a successful Broadway play . Tovey, who has previously said he came out to his parents when he was 18, began his career as a child actor but received fame for his role in the Broadway play and subsequent film The History Boys alongside James Corden. He went on to star in a series of BBC dramas, such as Being Human, Him and Her and most recently Banished, while he is also well known to American audiences for his role as a gay man in the HBO series Looking. During an interview with The Observer at the weekend, he spoke of how disappointed he was as a teenager when his father refused to allow him to attend the famed Sylvia Young Theatre School in Marylebone, London. But he claimed that in retrospect this was a good thing because the school he did attend forced him to 'toughen up'. He said: 'I feel like I could have been really effeminate, if I hadn't gone to the school I went to. 'If I'd have been able to relax, prance around, sing in the street, I might be a different person now. 'I thank my dad for that, for not allowing me to go down that path.' He added that his upbringing gave him unique acting qualities and there were not many actors who audiences were OK with playing straight or gay characters. But the comments were quickly seized upon, with Australian actor Brendan Maclean stating there was 'nothing unique about internalised homophobia' and liberal ThinkProgress editor Zack Ford saying he was 'disappointed' to see Tovey 'disparaging effeminate guys'. Actor Russell Tovey posted a series of tweets yesterday (pictured) in which he apologised and backtracked on the comments, claiming they had been misunderstood . Another wrote that such statements 'divide the gay community and propagate hate towards us by others'. Tovey responded yesterday with a series of tweets in which he claimed to 'raise the white flag'. He wrote: 'If you feel I have personally let you down I'm sorry, that was never my intention. 'I'm proud to be who I am and proud for others. We're in this together, I want you to know whatever you think I meant, I didn't. 'I'm gonna ride this out, and one day we will all look back on this moment with a half smile of fascination and satisfaction.' | Russell Tovey, 33, said 'effeminate' drama school students 'prance around' He added he was glad he went to a state school in order to 'toughen up' His comments at the weekend were condemned by many on social media . Tovey has now posted a series of tweets apologising for his remarks . The gay actor is the star of The History Boys, Being Human and Looking . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | In Darwin’s theory of evolution, life is able to evolve through a process of ‘natural selection’, where certain traits become more or less common in animals based on their benefit. And now researchers are starting to emulate the same process in robots, so that they can learn how to perform complex tasks. The research involves a similar process of selection but on a larger and faster scale, allowing artificial brains to pick out the most worthwhile traits and continue evolving. Research carried out by a team from Michigan State University used genetic algorithms to model a large population of robot brains (stock image shown). These were asked to perform tasks, such as finding the exit to a maze. Those that performed the task best had simulated 'offspring', creating a better brain . The research, led by computational biologist Dr Chris Adami from Michigan State University, involves using genetic algorithms to model a large population of robot ‘brains’ working on a task. For example, this could be finding the exit to a maze. The brains that performed the task best had the largest number of simulated ‘offspring’, meaning the smartest robots multiplied. The researchers ran this genetic algorithm over thousands, and sometimes hundreds of thousands of generations, and then downloaded the surviving brains into robots that executed the tasks in the outside world. One of the more complicated tasks the team's robots worked on required multiple machines to figure out and remember in which order they would leave a room. The robots were then asked to come back into the room, either in the same order as they left, or in the reverse order. ‘This is difficult because the robots have to ID each other,’ Dr Adami said. In December 2014 scientists mimicked evolution in the laboratory for the first time using droplets of oil. The researchers behind the study claim their work proves that a non-biological system composed of chemicals can be made to evolve. The findings mark an important step towards creating synthetic life and may also help scientists to explain how the first biological cells appeared on Earth more than 3.6 billion years ago. Evolution was long believed to be a process that only biological creatures were capable of, but recent research aimed towards creating synthetic life has begun to question that idea. Professor Lee Cronin, regius chair of chemistry at the University of Glasgow who led the new research, used a robot to create tiny oil droplets from a mixture of four chemicals. Each droplet was dropped into a petri dish of water and analysed for three different types of 'fitness' over the course of a minute using video cameras. The robot then selected the droplet that performed best and the chemical composition of this was used to replicate the experiment, tweaking the mixture slightly each time. Over the course of 21 generations, the oil droplets became more stable in the watery world in which they were being dropped. This, according to Professor Cronin, mimicked the process of natural selection, which Charles Darwin proposed for driving evolution. After the genetic algorithm had run its course, the robots seemed to solve the problem by indicating roles to each other with certain motions. Dr Adami believes that evolving robot brains in complicated worlds that force them to interact with each other is the best path toward self-aware intelligence. ‘When robots have to make models of other robots' brains, they are thinking about thinking,’ he said. ‘We believe this is the onset of consciousness.’ The researchers ran their genetic algorithm over thousands, and sometimes hundreds of thousands of generations, and then downloaded the surviving brains into robots that executed the tasks in the outside world. One of these included finding the exit to a maze (stock image shown) Charles Darwin, British naturalist, is shown here in a portrait from 1878. Darwin started his career on board the HMS 'Beagle' and spent six years surveying the South American seas. He is remembered for his momentous contributions to biology and as the originator of the theory of evolution . Thinking robots will be extraordinarily useful, Dr Adami says, adding that humanity should have no reason to fear a rise of the machines. ‘When our robots are "born", they will have a brain that has the capacity to learn, but only has instincts,’ he said. ‘It will take a decade or two of exploration and training for these robots to achieve human-level intelligence, just as is the case with us.’ He added: ‘Previous attempts to design human-like intelligence have failed because we don't understand how our own brains work. ‘But we know how evolution works and we can speed it up inside of a computer.’ | Research was carried out by a team from Michigan State University . They used genetic algorithms to model a large population of robot brains . These were asked to perform tasks, such as finding the exit to a maze . Those that performed the task best had simulated 'offspring' and multiplied . In so doing they could learn to perform tasks better and better . It simulates Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)The birthplace of Coca-Cola, "Gone with the Wind" and Martin Luther King Jr. is still home to the busiest passenger airport in the world. More than 96 million passengers went through Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in 2014, an increase of 1.9% over 2013, according to Airports Council International's preliminary passenger traffic data, released Thursday. With more than 86 million passengers last year, Beijing Capital International Airport remained in second place and continued to close the gap just a bit more with Atlanta, according to the worldwide association of airports. It saw an increase of 2.9% over 2013. ATL24: 24 hours in the world's busiest airport . London's Heathrow Airport continued to hold on to third place for another year, with more than 73 million passengers, an increase of 1.4%. Toyko's Haneda Airport was fourth with nearly 73 million passengers, a 5.7% increase over 2013. The airports in fifth, sixth and seventh places swapped spots. Los Angeles International Airport moved up from sixth to fifth, Dubai moved up from seventh to sixth, and Chicago O'Hare International Airport dropped from fifth to seventh. There were no changes to Paris Charles de Gaulle (eighth place), Dallas/Fort Worth (ninth) and Hong Kong (10th). Passenger traffic continued to grow around the globe, with the world's airports serving more than 6.6 billion passengers in 2014, an increase of 5.1% over the previous year, according to the report. Though the news was mostly good for Atlanta, the city did lose some bragging rights. Chicago/Atlanta airport rivalry heats up . Chicago O'Hare took the top spot from Atlanta in the number of takeoffs and landings, officially known as aircraft movements. A spokesman for the Atlanta airport says its carriers are adding more aircraft with higher passenger capacity, which means fewer planes. O'Hare took first place with 881,000 movements, followed by Atlanta with 868,359 and Los Angeles with 708,674. Rounding out that list were Dallas/Fort Worth, Beijing, Denver, Charlotte, Las Vegas, Houston and London. Airport movements in both Chicago and Atlanta actually decreased compared with 2013. Chicago's movements dropped by 0.2%, and Atlanta's dropped by 4.7%. Hong Kong's airport is still the busiest cargo airport in the world, transporting more than 4.4 million metric tons of cargo in 2014. Memphis, Tennessee, home to FedEx, came in second place with 4.2 million metric tons and Shanghai was third with nearly 3.2 million metric tons. (One metric ton equals 2,205 pounds.) Rounding out the top 10 were cargo airports in Incheon, South Korea; Anchorage, Alaska; Dubai; Louisville, Kentucky; Tokyo (Narita); Frankfurt, Germany; and Taipei, Taiwan. The Airports Council International preliminary traffic report was based on data from 1,095 airports worldwide. A final version will be released later in the year. | Hartsfield-Jackson in Atlanta is again the world's busiest passenger airport . But Chicago won the top spot in another key measurement . Hong Kong kept the title of busiest cargo airport . |
How do compilers use IR? | An intermediate language is the language of an abstract machine designed to aid in the analysis of computer programs. The term comes from their use in compilers, where the source code of a program is translated into a form more suitable for code-improving transformations before being used to generate object or machine code for a target machine. | Compilers translate the source code of a program to an intermediate representation (IR), which is a form more suitable for performing code transformations before generating object code for the target machine. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Great Britain may be perennial underachievers in world tennis but when it comes to the sport's premier team competition Wimbledon's host nation continues to punch over its weight. In the city of his birth an emotional Andy Murray carried his side into the last eight of the World Group knockout by fending off a ferocious challenge from American giant John Isner to secure a 3-2 victory. To the deafening acclaim of Glasgow's Emirates Arena the former SW19 champion survived a tough opening set to win 7-6 6-3 7-6 against the world number 20 to wrap up the tie with his second point. Andy Murray celebrates extravagantly after winning the first set on a tie break to leave Great Britain just two sets from the quarter-finals . The British No 1 was spurred on by the Glasgow crowd to secure a 3-1 win over the USA and book a quarter-final against France . Murray is forced to stretch to reach a backhand as John Isner put in a much better performance on Sunday in the Davis Cup . Against one of the best servers ever seen in tennis Murray's coolness in the tiebreaks was the key, as was his ability to save seven break points in the opening set. 'It was a great win for the team, everyone played their part,' said Murray. 'Togetherness was a key, everyone was pulling in the same direction. 'I managed to find a way through the first set. I was over complicating my service games at first and he was going for broke on the first point of every rally. The huge American showed aggression in a first set where he forced seven break points on the Murray serve, but couldn't take any of them . Murray was well supported by a partisan Glasgow crowd as he sought to book Great Britain's place in the Davis Cup quarter finals . Isner plays a forehand on the run as the USA's top player started fast in a game his country needed to win to stay alive in the match . Murray was not at his best early on, but rallied to take the first set on a tie break after saving three set points . GB are through to the elite World Group quarter finals for the second year in succession and now face a home tie against France – 3-0 winners over Germany - immediately after Wimbledon in July. If on grass it is likely to be held somewhere like Eastbourne or Nottingham, but if they opted for an indoor court it would likely come back to Scotland, as the fans here have been outstanding in this match. 'If everyone plays to their abilities we have the chance to win more matches. We don't have huge margin for error but if Wardy (James Ward) plays like this we have a chance, although France have huge strength in depth.' This match turned out to be remarkably similar to last year's World Group first round against the same opponents: Ward upset the American number one on the first day, before the Bryans pulled the doubles point back for the USA and then Murray finished it off with his second singles win. Great Britain captain Leon Smith and his staff celebrate as their talisman Murray wins a crucial point against the American Isner . Isner looks stunned during a tough first set where he played plenty of good tennis and earned seven break points, but couldn't break through . Isner looked to have put everything he had into the opener, and looked exhausted after losing the first-set breaker . Isner once beat Roger Federer in an away match against Switzerland so is no shrinking violet in the cauldron of Davis Cup competition and British Captain Leon Smith – low profile but with an excellent record in this job – knew that he could be a danger. That did not take long to be confirmed and the 6' 10' American, revelling in his underdog status unlike on Friday against Ward, came out swinging. A more under pressure was a little hesitant and he had to fend off seven break points in total before the tiebreak, once at 1-2, three times at 3-4 and three more times at 4-5. Isner twice took enormous forehand cuts and shaky second serves and will have been massively frustrated not to have taken the lead. Smith whispers some advice and encouragement into his player's ear between games as Murray booked Britain's place in the last eight . Murray continued to show his emotion as he began to find his best form in front of a raucous crowd in Glasgow . Murray's serve had come under pressure in the first set, but as Isner tired the British No 1 became more secure . His serve was as potent as ever but, crucially, he double faulted at the start of the tiebreak and after that Murray clung on to his lead to clinch it 7-4, a massive psychological blow as he had been outplayed. The nerves of him and another hugely committed crowd were eased by that, especially as Isner needed to play nearly five hours on Friday. A brilliant backhand lob at 3-2 in the second set secured the key break there, but to give Isner his due he kept fighting to take it to second tiebreak. Murray went ahead 6-2 and then finally finished it with a swinging serve ace at 6-4 to complete his weekend's work. Murray stretches for a forehand as he wore down his opponent before pulling out an array of stunning passing shots in the later sets . Isner had played five sets in his defeat to James Ward on Friday, and the effort caught up with him after a brave first set on Sunday . Isner is consoled by his USA Davis Cup captain Jim Courier as he struggles to cope with Murray's athleticism in Glasgow . | Andy Murray takes first set on a tie-break after saving seven break points . British No 1 breaks John Isner's serve for the first time in sixth game of second set, takes set 6-3 . Murray wins third set tie break to seal 3-2 victory in the tie . Great Britain will face France at home in July in quarter-finals . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A design flaw has left a fighter jet that's part of the Pentagon's most expensive project ever incapable of carrying highly advanced bombs. The F-35B's internal weapons bay is too small for a Small Diameter Bomb II (SDB II) load, according to an Inside Defense report. Though it's mandated that an F-35B jet, designed by Lockheed Martin, hold eight SDB IIs in the bay, only four reportedly fit. The F-35 program will reportedly cost a whopping $590 billion over the next decade. Trouble in the skies: The F-35B's internal weapons bay is too small for a Small Diameter Bomb II (SDB II) load (file photo) The F-35B is one of three variants of the F-35 program, which has proved expensive and troublesome to get off the ground. The F-35B features a lift fan that will allow it to make short takeoffs and vertical landings, Inside Defense reported. In the US, it will be used by the Marine Corps. However, the F-35B is the centerpiece of the British Royal Navy's new aircraft carrier-based fleet. The Ministry of Defense has ordered 48 of the aircraft and they are the only fighter jets set to launch off two planned British aircraft carriers - the HMS Queen Elizabeth and the HMS Prince of Wales. The F-35 program has been plagued by massive cost overruns and delays. Joe DellaVedova, a spokesman for the F-35 program, said in an Inside Defense interview last week that changes are being made to the F-35B jet so it can be released on schedule. DellaVedova also said that Lockheed Martin will likely get the alterations contract down the line in 2015. 'This is not a new issue to us,' DellaVedova told Inside Defense. 'We've been working with the SDB II program office and their contractors since 2007. 'The fit issues have been known and documented and there were larger and more substantial modifications needed to support SDB II that have already been incorporated into production F-35 aircraft. 'These minor or remaining changes were put on hold until the aircraft reached a sufficient level of maturity to ensure that the needed changes would not adversely impact any ongoing SDB [II] developments.' Inside Defense reported that the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program office so far has not publicly recognized problems - and that eight internal and 16 external SDB IIs are in fact meant to go on the F-35B. Bombs away: The SDB II can employ a number of techniques - including imaging infrared, laser, and radar homing - to hit targets, defense contractor Raytheon says . Defense contractor Raytheon is behind the SDB II bomb. The company proclaims on its website 'SDB II can fly more than 45 miles to strike mobile targets, reducing aircrews' time in harm's way. The weapon's small size allows fewer aircraft to take out the same number of targets as previous, larger weapons that required multiple jets. SDB II's size has broader implications for the warfighter and taxpayers, as it means fewer attacks with less time spent flying dangerous missions.' The SDB II can employ a number of techniques - including imaging infrared, laser, and radar homing - to hit targets, the company says. The SDB II weapons system is fully accommodated by both the F-35A - the Air Force version - and F-35C - the US Navy version, company executive Jeff White told Inside Defense. White told the news outlet 'I think it's just the B. When we did our fit checks on the JSF, the A and the C basically had the same bay.' 353 F-35Bs are being bought by the United States Marines Corps, Inside Defense reported. According to the news outlet, approximately 17,000 weapons will come from the United States Air Force's SDB II program. | Fighter jet F-35B's internal weapons bay is too small for a Small Diameter Bomb II (SDB II) load . Though it's mandated that an F-35B hold eight SDB IIs in the bay, only four can reportedly fit . A F-35 program spokesman has said changes are being made so the fighter jet can be released on schedule . The SDB II can employ a number of techniques - including imaging infrared, laser, and radar homing - to hit targets . The F-35 program will cost an estimated $590billion over the next decade . F-35B is slated to be used by the British Royal Navy on the HMS Queen Elizabeth aircraft carrier . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Vern Cotter fears Alex Dunbar’s season-ending injury may also rule the star centre out of Scotland’s World Cup campaign. The Glasgow Warriors back suffered a major blow ahead of Saturday's Six Nations clash at Twickenham when he damaged the anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee during Thursday morning’s training session. The SRU confirmed that he is ‘out for the rest of the season’ but, speaking before the result of scans on Dunbar’s freak injury were released, Cotter said ACL damage could mean up to six months on the sidelines and remove the 24-year-old from his World Cup plans. Alex Dunbar faces a race against time to be fit for the Rugby World Cup after injuring his knee at training . Scotland coach Vern Cotter fears Dunbar may not recover in time for the World Cup, starting in September . How England and Scotland will line up for Saturday's Calcutta Cup clash . Visibly shaken by an incident that happened just a few hours before the team flew to London, Cotter now hopes his squad will be galvanised in the face of fresh adversity for Saturday's Calcutta Cup clash. Explaining that Dunbar had been a key figure in his starting XV, Cotter said: ‘We had named Alex to start at centre but he has perhaps done his ACL this morning. ‘Alex did it on his own. A change of direction and his knee went out from underneath him. If it’s the ACL, that would be the World Cup as well. That’s not good. ‘We’ll miss him in attack and defence. He’s one of our best line breakers and has been playing very well up to now. ‘He is with some competent surgeons at the moment, he’s getting scanned. He’s understandably very upset about it. ‘We’ve seen guys come back from an ACL before, so it’s just about when we get him back. But, if it’s the ACL, he’ll be six months. ‘He was getting tested this morning. I went to see him during a break in training and he’s been whisked off with the pros. I will obviously talk to him again.’ Dunbar, here showing his disappointment after Scotland's loss to Wales, awaits results of scans on his knee . Matt Scott has now taken Dunbar’s slot for the England game. ‘It’s an opportunity for Matt Scott, who was initially named on the bench,’ said Cotter. ‘You saw his two tries for Edinburgh last weekend, he is ready to step up. We’ve got an able replacement who has played well recently. ‘We would dearly love to have Alex starting and then have someone like Matt come in and keep pace, bring physical intensity and presence to the game. But Matt has stepped straight in, and it means we’ll have to juggle the bench if we get injuries. ‘I think it has tightened the group up – and that will be important when we play this weekend. We are playing what is probably one of the best teams in the world as they are preparing for the World Cup. The group adapts and moves on.’ Coach Vern Cotter said the 24-year-old centre had played a key role in the Scotland XV . Dunbar’s withdrawal is one of five changes Cotter has made to his starting XV. Along with Scott, David Denton, Jim Hamilton and Dougie Fife all come in for their first starts of this Six Nations, while Finn Russell returns after serving his ban. Scott’s promotion sees Greig Tonks move on to a bench that boasts six forwards to only two backs – although No. 8 Johnnie Beattie has been told to prepare for playing a part in either unit. Cotter revealed: ‘Beattie is a midfield replacement, emergency cover. He knows he could be marking (England centre) Billy Twelvetrees or he could be marking (No.8) Billy Vunipola. ‘I know he’s got a good boot on him. We know he’s a very skilful player. We want to have some physical density and some experience at the end of this match. ‘So he and Adam Ashe, who has come back and has aggressive defence and is good on the ball, are there to put pressure on England. We want to stay close and finish this game with strength and experience.’ | Alex Dunbar was running on his own when his knee gave way on Thursday . The injury puts the Scotland centre in doubt for the 2015 Rugby World Cup . Scotland face England in the Six Nations for the Calcutta Cup on Saturday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Two more American aid workers who had high-risk exposure to Ebola in Sierra Leone arrived back in the United States on Monday for monitoring. Neither is sick or known to be infected with the disease. Eight of their colleagues have already been flown back to the United States, where health authorities are watching them closely for signs of the disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The returning workers are clinicians for Partners in Health, a Boston-based aid group. They all had contact with a colleague who's been diagnosed with the disease and is being treated at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. The heath care worker with Ebola was in critical condition Monday, the NIH said. That changed from the NIH saying on Friday that the patient was in serious condition. Details about the patient's identity weren't released. While in West Africa, the workers "came to the aid of their ailing colleague," according to a Partners in Health statement. As the CDC investigates who else might have had contact with the Ebola patient, more workers might be flown back to the United States, according to Tom Skinner, a spokesman for the CDC. The workers are being housed near hospitals that specialize in treating Ebola patients, and if they show signs of the disease, they'll be admitted as patients -- as was the case with one worker in Nebraska. The person developed symptoms Sunday evening and "out of an abundance of caution" was taken to the biocontainment unit at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha. "At this point, this person has not tested positive for the Ebola virus," Phil Smith, M.D., medical director of the unit, said in a statement Monday. "However, because of a change in symptoms, we decided the most prudent course of action was to bring the individual to the Biocontainment Unit, where we can better monitor symptoms and safely perform testing. However, some of the symptoms which prompted the move to the Biocontainment Unit have resolved this morning." None of the other aid workers are showing symptoms of Ebola. Nurse who contracted Ebola sues hospital company . State health authorities say all 10 of the workers are deemed to have had high-risk exposure to Ebola. This includes people who were not wearing protective gear and were exposed to the bodily fluids of someone with Ebola while that person was symptomatic, or someone who lived in the same household and provided direct care to a symptomatic Ebola patient. The first of these workers arrived Friday night in Atlanta showing possible signs of Ebola, but testing over the weekend came back negative, according to a government official who did not want to be named. The worker is being isolated in housing near Emory University Hospital for 21 days. "Twice a day, we'll have visual monitoring, either face to face or we'll Skype with them, or do FaceTime," said Nancy Nydam, spokeswoman for the Georgia Department of Public Health. "And if it's Skype or FaceTime, they'll have to be in a place where we can clearly identify that they are where they're supposed to be." The next set of aid workers returned back to the United States on Saturday evening and went into isolation in housing on the campus of the University of Nebraska Medical Center, according to spokesman Taylor Wilson. As in Atlanta, these workers have voluntarily agreed not to leave their housing. "They will be monitored so they'll stay there," Wilson said. Another set of three workers arrived Sunday morning at housing near the National Institutes of Health. These workers will have more freedom to move around than the ones in Georgia and Nebraska. According to Christopher Garrett, a spokesman for the Maryland Department of Health, his state will follow the CDC's guidelines, which forbid monitored individuals from getting on public transportation but allow them to go outside as long as they stay at least 3 feet away from other people. '1686: That's my number' Two more workers arrived Monday morning in Atlanta and were isolated in housing near Emory. A third worker was expected to arrive Monday in Atlanta, but health authorities deemed this person to be lower risk and allowed for monitoring at home, according to a government official. The patient now at NIH is the second with Ebola admitted to the NIH hospital. Safety at Ebola funerals . Nina Pham, a nurse at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, was admitted to NIH in October after she contracted the disease while treating Liberian national Thomas Eric Duncan. Pham recovered and was released free of disease. Duncan died. Emory, the NIH and Nebraska are three of only four hospitals in the United States that have biocontainment units to deal with a highly infectious disease such as Ebola. More than 10,000 people have died in a West African epidemic of Ebola that dates back to December 2013, according to the World Health Organization. Almost all of the deaths have been in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. Ebola is spread by direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected person. CNN's Carma Hassan, Joe Sutton and Eliott C. McLaughlin contributed to this report. | After developing symptoms, a worker is moved to Nebraska's biocontainment unit . Condition of Ebola patient at NIH hospital is changed from serious to critical . Eight aid workers have already returned, and two more are back Monday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Portugal manager Fernando Santos has revealed his desire to sew up qualification for Euro 2016 before their return trip to face Serbia in a tricky tie in Belgrade on the final day of qualifying. Santos' side face Serbia at Lisbon's Estadio da Luz on Sunday, hoping that star man and captain Cristiano Ronaldo can help open up a gap on one of their rivals for a place at the finals in France next summer. With a win offering the Portuguese a chance to leapfrog Denmark at the top of the group, Santos wants to take what he sees as a key step towards sealing qualification. Cristiano Ronaldo (left) and Fernando Santos (right) talk ahead of Portugal's Euro 2016 qualifier on Sunday . Santos has made it clear that the game against Serbia is very important to their qualification hopes . Ronaldo took the chance to show off during training as Portugal went through their paces on Saturday . Speaking after training, Santos said: 'The game is not decisive but it is very important. We depend only on ourselves, and if we win we get to depend only of us in an even stronger way. In this sense it is a very important game. 'The desire is to go to Belgrade (when they face Serbia on October 11) with qualification from the group already guaranteed.' Ronaldo has scored both of low-scoring Portugal's two goals in qualifying so far, securing late wins over Denmark and Armenia after a shock opening-fixture defeat by Albania. The Ballon d'Or winner has come under some criticism for his Real Madrid performances of late but looked full of confidence out on the pitch as his side went through their final preparations for Sunday's game. The Portuguese talisman looks away as he prepares to fire a pass away from the goalmouth . Ronaldo pulls off a flick as some of his team-mates watch on at the Antonio Coimbra da Mota stadium . Keeping an eye on the ball, Ronaldo prepares to pull off another trick in preparation for facing Serbia . Despite Serbia's poor record in qualifying so far - taking just one point from three games - they do boast a number of stars from Europe's top divisions, including Chelsea pair Nemanja Matic and Branislav Ivanovic as well as Liverpool winger Lazar Markovic. However, Santos said that he would not be preparing his players to give any 'special attention' to any opposition players. 'There will be no special care for anyone,' he said. 'Portugal respects all of their players, Matic, (Zoran) Tosic, Markovic, I won't go on as I would have to name them all. 'As I told the players in this morning's meeting, the important thing is for us to be compact and dynamic.' Manchester United's Nani, who is spending the season on loan at Sporting Lisbon, joined in with the tricks . Serbia trained at the Estadio da Luz on Saturday as they looked to revive their qualification hopes . The current state of play in Group I, showing how Portugal can top the group with victory over Serbia . | Portugal can move top of qualification group I with a win over Serbia . Victory would move them eight points clear of Sunday's opponents . Manager Fernando Santos wants to qualify for Euro 2016 early on . Cristiano Ronaldo will be the key man, and he was showing off in training . READ: Euro 2016 state of play, Portugal have work to do to qualify . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester United captain Wayne Rooney will hope his side are at top gear at Anfield on Sunday, as he headed into training in his new BMW i8 hybrid sports car. The 29-year-old showed off his new wheels at Carrington as Manchester United prepare to take on Liverpool in a crucial clash in pursuit of Champions League qualification. Liverpool are only two points behind Louis van Gaal’s side, who are occupying the fourth qualifying position, but Brendan Rodgers’ side haven’t lost in the Premier League since losing 3-0 at Old Trafford in December. Wayne Rooney heads into Manchester United training in his sparkling new £104,590 BMW i8 sports car . Rooney relaxes at the wheel of his new motor as he prepares to take on Liverpool at Anfield on Sunday . Rooney has splashed out £104,590 on his new BMW i8 having scored five goals in his last six Manchester United appearances. The new hybrid from BMW uses the combination of an electric motor and a powerful petrol engine which provide extremely low emissions into the environment. Rooney will certainly be quick into training as the sports car can accelerate from 0-62mph in just 4.4 seconds, and has a top speed limited to 155mph. The United captain produced this knockout celebration after scoring against Tottenham at the weekend . Rooney's team-mate Daley Blind smiles for the cameras as he arrived at United training with his girlfriend . Blind (left) tries to dispossess Harry Kane during United's 3-0 win over Tottenham last weekend . Perhaps the United captain splashed out on a new motor as a celebration for his return to form. Van Gaal has utilised the England captain as a forward again recently and the results are proving worthwhile as Manchester United crushed Tottenham 3-0 at Old Trafford last weekend. United fans will hope Rooney is up to speed for the trip to Anfield as van Gaal’s side looks to consolidate a position in the Premier League's prestigious top four ahead of their fierce rivals. Rooney listens to instruction from an animated Manchester United boss Louis van Gaal (right) CHELSEA . Hull (away) - March 22 . Stoke (home) - April 4 . QPR (away) - April 12 . Man United (home) - April 18 . Arsenal (away) - April 26 . Leicester (away) - April 29 . Crystal Palace (home) - May 2 . Liverpool (home) - May 9 . West Brom (away) - May 16 . Sunderland (home) - May 24 . MANCHESTER CITY . West Brom (home) - March 21 . Crystal Palace (away) - April 6 . Man United (away) - April 12 . West Ham (home) April 19 . Aston Villa (home) - April 25 . Tottenham (away) - May 2 . QPR (home) - May 9 . Swansea (away) - May 16 . Southampton (home) - May 24 . ARSENAL . Newcastle (away) - March 21 . Liverpool (home) - April 4 . Burnley (away) - April 11 . Sunderland (home) April 18 postponed . Chelsea (home) - April 26 . Hull (away) - May 2 . Swansea (home) - May 9 . Man United (away) - May 16 . West Brom (home) - May 24 . MANCHESTER UNITED . Liverpool (away) - March 22 . Aston Villa (home) - April 4 . Man City (home) - April 12 . Chelsea (away) - April 18 . Everton (away) - April 26 . West Brom (home) - May 2 . Crystal Palace (away) - May 9 . Arsenal (home) - May 16 . Hull (away) - May 24 . LIVERPOOL . Man United (home) - March 22 . Arsenal (away) - April 4 . Newcastle (home) - April 13 . Hull (away) - April 18 . West Brom (away) - April 25 . QPR (home) - May 2 . Chelsea (away) - May 9 . Crystal Palace (home) - May 16 . Stoke (away) - May 24 . TOTTENHAM . Leicester (home) - March 21 . Burnley (away) - April 5 . Aston Villa (home) - April 11 . Newcastle (away) - April 19 . Southampton (away) - April 25 . Manchester City (home) - May 2 . Stoke (away) - May 9 . Hull (home) - May 16 . Everton (away) - May 24 . SOUTHAMPTON . Burnley (home) - March 21 . Everton (away) - April 4 . Hull (home) - April 11 . Stoke (away) - April 18 . Tottenham (home) - April 25 . Sunderland (away) - May 2 . Leicester (away) - May 9 . Aston Villa (home) - May 16 . Man City (away) - May 24 . Note: Fixtures in May subject to change for television schedule. For a full list of Premier League fixtures and to check kick-off times, results and league tables, visit our brilliant MATCH ZONE by clicking HERE. Games marked 'postponed' will be rearranged due to FA Cup . | Manchester United face Liverpool in the Premier League on Sunday . Wayne Rooney has scored five goals in his last six matches . Louis van Gaal's side are currently fourth in the Premier League table . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A man who shot and killed a pregnant woman claims he should not be punished. William DeHayes fired a bullet into the head of 25-year-old Katherine Hoover as he showed her family his gun collection at his home in Florida. Witnesses said DeHayes spun the .22 caliber revolver around on his forefinger, 'gunslinger-style', when it went off, hitting Mrs Hoover in the head. The state has refused to prosecute because the incident was deemed accidental. And though the victim's family has launched an appeal to see him tried for manslaughter, DeHayes insists he has already been punished enough. 'Do you know what it’s like to accidentally shoot someone in the head?' he said to the Daily Beast. Defending himself: William DeHayes (left) claims he has been punished enough by having to live with the fact that he shot Katherine Hoover (right) in the head as he showed off his gun collection last July . 'I have lived through hell ever since. I’ve damn near committed suicide several times. I’ve been seeing doctors and shrinks. 'Now everybody’s pegging me as a killer and a murderer or whatever else they want to say about me. I’m not, OK?' He added: 'I relive that day, July 26, 6:30 p.m., every day, every hour of my life. I hear pops, backfires, people shooting behind me, and I’m scared shitless.' Tragic: Mrs Hoover died hours later, as died her unborn baby. She is survived by her husband and son . Mrs Hoover, whose baby did not survive, was invited over to DeHayes's home with a group of people including her husband Carson last summer. After she was hit, she was taken by ambulance to Bayfront Health Brooksville and from there was airlifted to Regional Medical Center Bayonet Point. Once she was there, doctors operated and removed her baby slightly before 8pm, but tragically he was pronounced dead at just after 8.30pm . She is survived by her husband and her seven-year-old son Nicholas. DeHayes concedes that he should have treated every gun as if it were loaded. However, in his opinion, he has learned his lesson - and has since sold his entire gun collection. Visit: Mr and Mrs Hoover were invited to see DeHayes's guns on July 26, 2014. He has since sold them all . 'I am very familiar with gun safety and I preach it to my wife and everybody. I’ve got no excuses. 'That’s part of my nightmare everyday—knowing that I should have checked it and I didn’t and somebody had to pay the price—not just me.' Mrs Hoover's family insists they will not back down and demand to see justice. But DeHayes says nobody understands his position. 'There’s a difference between an accident and someone knowingly hurting someone else,' he told the Daily Beast. 'I’ve learned a lesson. For me not to allow any guns in this house whatsoever, for me to almost commit suicide several times because I knew better—no one has a clue what it’s like to live like that every day.' | William DeHayes killed Katherine Hoover, 25, and her unborn child in July . He shot her in temple as he 'spun .22 caliber revolver around his finger' Florida state will not prosecute because it was deemed accidental . DeHayes insists he has already been punished enough reliving it . Hoover's family is appealing to have him tried for manslaughter . |
Please give me a short bulleted list of the most important facts about the country Norway | Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of Norway.[note 5] Bouvet Island, located in the Subantarctic, is a dependency of Norway; it also lays claims to the Antarctic territories of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. The capital and largest city in Norway is Oslo.
Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres (148,729 sq mi) and had a population of 5,488,984 in January 2023. The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden at a length of 1,619 km (1,006 mi). It is bordered by Finland and Russia to the northeast and the Skagerrak strait to the south, on the other side of which are Denmark and the United Kingdom. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence dominates Norway's climate, with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts; the interior, while colder, is also significantly milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes. Even during polar night in the north, temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline. The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country.
Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway. Jonas Gahr Støre has been prime minister since 2021, replacing Erna Solberg. As a unitary sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the parliament, the cabinet and the supreme court, as determined by the 1814 constitution. The kingdom was established in 872 as a merger of many petty kingdoms and has existed continuously for 1,151 years. From 1537 to 1814, Norway was a part of the Kingdom of Denmark–Norway, and, from 1814 to 1905, it was in a personal union with the Kingdom of Sweden. Norway was neutral during the First World War, and also in World War II until April 1940 when the country was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany until the end of the war.
Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels: counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act. Norway maintains close ties with both the European Union and the United States. Norway is also a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Free Trade Association, the Council of Europe, the Antarctic Treaty, and the Nordic Council; a member of the European Economic Area, the WTO, and the OECD; and a part of the Schengen Area. In addition, the Norwegian languages share mutual intelligibility with Danish and Swedish.
Norway maintains the Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system, and its values are rooted in egalitarian ideals. The Norwegian state has large ownership positions in key industrial sectors, having extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, and fresh water. The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). On a per-capita basis, Norway is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside of the Middle East.
The country has the fourth-highest per-capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists.It has the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, with a value of US$1 trillion. Although the majority of Norway's population is ethnic Norwegian, in the 21st century immigration has accounted for more than half of population growth; in 2021, the five largest minority groups in the country were the descendants of Polish, Lithuanian, Somali, Pakistani, and Swedish immigrants. | - Population: 5.488 million
- Size: 148729 sq mi
- GDP: 425 billion USD
- Neighbouring countries: Sweden, Finland, Russia
- Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
- Fourth highest per-capita income in the world
- Norway is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside of the Middle East.
- Norway maintains the Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Fifty years after its premiere, "The Sound of Music" is still among millions of fans' favorite things. The Julie Andrews film, about the von Trapp family and its "problem" governess, Maria, is beloved enough to have spawned audience singalongs. The performers who played the von Trapp children remain close, doing joint interviews and publishing a book. The film even prompted a live NBC musical, which -- though it was roasted by critics -- still managed stupendous ratings. Of course, there remains one notable dissenter: Christopher Plummer, who has long had a grudging opinion of perhaps his most famous role. "It was so awful and sentimental and gooey," he told the Hollywood Reporter in 2011. That may have been its charm. The movie, which premiered on March 2, 1965, went on to earn five Oscars -- including best picture -- and grossed more than $110 million in its initial run, equal to about $800 million in today's money. That made it one of the most successful movies of all time at the box office, up there with "Gone With the Wind," and it wasn't truly surpassed until "The Godfather" came out in 1972. It even helped save 20th Century Fox two years after the studio's debacle with "Cleopatra." No wonder the Mad magazine parody was called "The Sound of Money." So, what ever happened to Liesl, Friedrich, Greta and all the rest? Click the gallery to find out. You'll find it's "Something Good." | "The Sound of Music" celebrates 50th anniversary on March 2 . Film is widely beloved, was one of biggest hits of all time . |
How long was the longest slide in the Unilever Series? | Test Site was an art installation, that was displayed in the turbine hall of Tate Modern in London, UK, between October 2006 and 9 April 2007. Test Site was designed like Carsten Höller, and was the seventh commission of the series of works in the turbine hall sponsored by Unilever known as "The Unilever Series".
The exhibit consisted of a series of metal slides. There were a total of five slides, two starting on the second floor, and one on each floor after that up to the 5th floor. The slides were composed of metal and fibreglass, and covered all the way around.
Visitors could slide down the slides of the installation free, but timed entry tickets were required for all but the second floor slides. | The longest slide covered 5 floors (approximately 60 feet) from the 5th floor to the ground floor |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester City manager Manuel Pellegrini felt he needed to 'refresh the team' and leave out captain Vincent Kompany for his side's much-needed win against Leicester. Kompany was dropped to the bench along with Pablo Zabaleta and Edin Dzeko, while Samir Nasri and Fernandinho missed out on the squad completely as City beat the Foxes 2-0 at the Etihad Stadium. Central defender Kompany had come in for particularly heavy criticism after City's damaging losses to Barcelona and Liverpool in the past week and Pellegrini decided to act with the season threatening to unravel. Manchester City captain Vincent Kompany was dropped to the bench for the match against Leicester City . Kompany has come in for criticism this season following a number of high-profile errors for the champions . Asked to explain his selections, Pellegrini said: 'For the same reason Pablo Zabaleta, Vincent Kompany, Fernandinho, Samir Nasri, Edin Dzeko - that were playing normally - I think it was important to refresh the team mentally and physically after two difficult games. 'We have the squad we want so it was a good moment to refresh the team.' Pellegrini added that Kompany, normally an inspirational presence in the side but in poor form of late, took the decision 'very well, without any problems'. City, trailing Chelsea by five points in the Barclays Premier League having played a game more, were not at their fluent best against the Foxes. But they got back to winning ways with goals late in each half from David Silva and substitute James Milner. Manuel Pellegrini revealed that he dropped his captain as he needed to 'refresh the team' David Silva shoots the ball past Leicester goalkeeper Mark Schwarzer to give Manchester City the lead . After a difficult few days, in which Pellegrini's future has been the subject of speculation, the result was a relief. Pellegrini said: 'I think always when you don't have the result you need the next game is very difficult. That is why the most important thing was to win the three points. 'We dominated the game and had a good possession of the ball. 'Maybe Leicester is at the bottom but if you see their results - they drew 2-2 against Liverpool and against Everton and were very unlucky not to draw against Arsenal.' City created a number of chances but were denied on several occasions by veteran goalkeeper Mark Schwarzer. Yet they still lacked their usual spark and Leicester were aggrieved to have been denied penalties on three occasions while Riyad Mahrez hit the post. Substitute James Milner gets the better of Morgan and Danny Simpson to doubled City's lead . Mark Schwarzer dives but is beaten as Milner runs to celebrate after coming off the bench . Asked if his side should have had penalties, Foxes boss Nigel Pearson said: 'Yes. Simple answer. Three throughout the game - (Andrej) Kramaric in both halves, the second one you could probably say was a bit more marginal but there was contact. The third one on the line is in the box.' Pearson would not get drawn into criticising referee Robert Madley, who also frustrated Leicester with some of his decisions in an FA Cup tie in January. He said: 'I am not talking about them (referees), sorry. Not tonight. You can talk about them and ask the relevant authorities. I don't think there is any point me talking about the referee. Same one we had against Tottenham.' The result left Leicester bottom of the table but Pearson has no doubts about the spirit in his squad. He said: 'They are a resilient group so we will have to get on with it. We can't do anything about it. It is up to the authorities. Our players give everything they have got and they have done again tonight. 'There are lots of positive and we have to take them into the remaining games. There is no point dwelling on negative aspects of situations that we have no control of.' | Manchester City beat Leicester City 2-0 at the Etihad Stadium . City captain Vincent Kompany was dropped to the bench . David Silva and James Milner scored the goals for the hosts . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Celtic striker John Guidetti has caused a stir after appearing to sing 'the H*** are deid' on Dutch television. The 22-year-old Swedish striker was performing a chant the supporters sing to him when he plays. As the programme's credits began to roll, he sang: 'Oh John Guidetti, puts the ball in the net-y, he's a Super Swede and the H*** are deid, walking in Guidetti wonderland.' Celtic striker John Guidetti sang the song in question during an appearance on Dutch television . Guidetti has scored 13 goals since joining Celtic on loan from Manchester City this season . A group of Rangers fans have been petitioning Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon to ban the word 'H**' from football grounds. The group say the term incites 'religious hatred' and is 'a derogatory and sectarian term for a Protestant'. There is no indication that Guidetti, who is on loan from Manchester City, had any idea of the meaning of the chant, but he caused anger nonetheless by saying he thought it was 'a good song'. A spokesman for the anti-sectarian charity Nil by Mouth told The Scotsman there was a need 'for a proper education programme for Scots footballers'. He added: 'Clubs should make it clear to them the kind of language likely to provoke others.' Guidetti was repeating a song that he had heard sung in the terraces while he played . Celtic manager Ronny Deila said recently he had not given up hope of signing Guidetti on a permanent basis . | John Guidetti sang a song from the terraces on Dutch television . The song included the line 'the H*** are deid' Rangers fans are currently petitioning to have the word 'H**' outlawed . Guidetti then remarked that he thought it was 'a good song' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Before getting married next week, there are a couple of things Andy Murray would like to achieve in his last tournament as a single man. The immediate goal is to pass the milestone of 500 career victories — he is within one win of doing so after beating Colombia’s Santiago Giraldo 6-3, 6-4 in the third round of the Miami Open. Murray can pass the mark on Tuesday if he defuses the huge serving power of giant South African Kevin Anderson. Andy Murray could become the first British tennis player to win 500 career games if he beats Kevin Anderson . Should Murray survive that encounter, it is possible he could edge ahead of Rafael Nadal and move back up to No 3 in the world rankings, although that also depends on the performances of others here. Going past 500 is something nobody can take away from him, however, and it will stand as testament to his consistency at the top of the game. Since tennis went open in 1968 — the old barriers between amateurs and professionals torn down to make a unified circuit — only 45 men have clocked that many wins. Only eight who are currently active have managed it. Murray defeatedSantiago Giraldo of Columbia in their third round match during the Miami Open . No British player in that time has got there, Tim Henman pulling stumps on his career within four of the mark. Murray said: ‘It’s nice because when you see the list of players who have won this many matches there aren’t loads. ‘Even if it doesn’t happen here then at some stage I’m sure I will get there. Murray could leap ahead of Rafael Nadal in the rankings if he beats Anderson in the fourth round . ‘I obviously want to win more and hopefully I still have quite a few years ahead of me to add to that number. ‘It’s not easy in this era to win that many matches, so it’s a good sign.’ Of those Murray victories, 24 have come so far at this event, making it his most productive Masters level tournament. Murray and Giraldo shake hands after their match which saw the Scot progress to the next round . Factors like it being a familiar training base for Murray — he has a home only three miles away from this Key Biscayne island site — and the tendency for it to be windy during the tournament have all contributed to that. He is one of the best at adapting to such conditions. After two days of unsettled weather that have hardly enhanced South Florida’s reputation for reliable sunshine, it was a regulation glorious morning as he kicked off the programme against Giraldo, one of the steady trickle of decent tennis players who come out of Colombia. The No 27 seed, who beat Murray in their previous meeting on the clay of Madrid last year, is the kind of opponent who illustrates that racking up the wins on the ATP Tour is hardly a straightforward endeavour. Murray's form is improving as the season continues and he looks in good shape for Wimbledon . He gives the ball an almighty biff from the back court but was slowly unpicked by Murray’s clever mix of angles and spins. The Scot definitely looks a better player than he did a year ago, although the tendency towards the odd lapse in concentration is still evident. He let the South American, as usual enjoying good support in this part of the world, creep back from 5-1 down in the second set but then served it out at the second time of asking. Murray is set to marry long-term partner Kim Sears (right) next week following the tournament in Miami . | Andy Murray is one win away from a total of 500 in his career victories . The Scotsman could do it against Kevin Anderson in the Miami Open . Murray can become the first ever Brit to pass the impressive landmark . Click here for all the latest tennis news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Paul Murray will serve as interim Rangers chairman while Dave King seeks to satisfy the stock market and SFA he is a fit and proper person. King will arrive in Glasgow Thursday for Friday’s general meeting, predicting a ‘landslide’ victory for his new regime over the outgoing old board. In a statement on Wednesday, however, the Castlemilk-born businessman revealed plans to install key ally Murray as chairman while he spends time convincing regulatory authorities his 41 tax convictions in South Africa should be no barrier to a Rangers boardroom return. King also announced he will not stand to become a director until he has ticked all necessary boxes. Paul Murray (second from the left) will serve as interim Rangers chairman while Dave King waits approval . King (centre) needs to prove to the stock market and the SFA that he is a 'fit and proper person' Shares in Rangers were suspended on Wednesday after the club’s nominated stock market advisors WH Ireland resigned. King now has 30 days to undergo the due diligence required to appoint a replacement Nomad and restore the club’s AIM listing. ‘An important issue that was repeatedly (and correctly) raised by the previous board is the need for the regulators to be given time to complete the necessary due diligence on myself — given my intended role as Chairman of the company,’ said King. ‘However, engagement with the regulators can only commence at the specific request of the company and that process can only be initiated on conclusion of the general meeting. ‘It is important that I lead by example following my commitment to transparency and accountability. I will therefore delay acceptance of my appointment as director until the regulators have completed due process. Paul Murray has agreed to act as interim Chairman of the company until this process has been concluded. Additional board appointments will be announced in the near future.’ David Somers (left) resigned from Rangers on Monday and fans want Derek Llambias (right) to go too . Supporters want fiace director Barry Leach (second from the right) to resign as well . Adopting a conciliatory tone before seeking to convince the SFA’s professional game board of his fit and proper status, King added: ‘The club must also take this opportunity to re-build relationships with the football community in Scotland. This will be to the benefit of the club and Scottish football as a whole.’ There was a less conciliatory tone towards WH Ireland after the NOMAD resigned on Wednesday. Without a nominated advisor, Rangers shares cannot trade on the AIM Stock Market and so were duly suspended. The move will do nothing to prevent the staging of Friday's General Meeting, where King is now certain to oust Mike Ashley’s placemen Derek Llambias and Barry Leach from the Ibrox board before installing Murray and John Gilligan in their place. Rounding on WH Ireland and their representative Paul Shackleton, King said: ‘It is blatantly dishonest to suggest that my imminent appointment to the board was of concern to them. Dave King has won his battle for control of Rangers and also wants to rid the club of Llambias and Leach . King has all but completed his takeover of Rangers after a two-year battle for control of the club . ‘Fortunately, the general meeting is not affected by the suspension. The new board will proceed to ensure that the listing is resumed as soon as possible. ‘I ask that all who attend the general meeting on Friday do so with the calmness and the dignity that is befitting of this great club.’ Finance expert Neil Patey believes the suspension of Rangers shares is only an issue if King fails to name a new NOMAD within 30 days. In Wednesday’s statement, the Johannesburg chairman of Micromega Holdings repeated his claim that he already has one lined up. And Patey said: ‘Nothing is going to happen now until the new board is sorted out, whoever that is. ‘The new board will then have to satisfy a Nomad to take on the Rangers appointment. ‘You would imagine, given Dave King’s stated intention to get rid of the existing Nomad, that he will have done his homework and will have another one lined up. ‘From his perspective, he will hopefully have someone ready to step in and take up that role. ‘If he has not lined up someone he has a month to sort it out. ‘So in principle the suspension of shares is not a huge issue unless he has not lined someone up and all the Nomads turn around and say: “Sorry, Mr King has 41 convictions in South Africa”. ‘It could get to the point where, if he doesn’t step away from the board, the shares would be permanently suspended but I think that would be pretty unlikely.’ | Paul Murray will serve as a placeholder chairman at Rangers . Dave King has to prove to the SFA he's a fit and proper person . The club will hold a general meeting on Friday . The remaining board members will (likely) be ousted at the meeting . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An 18-year-old North Carolina woman who made headlines last year as the 'cute mugshot girl' after her arrest on drug charges has landed behind bars - and in front of a camera - once again. Alysa Bathrick enjoyed her 15 minutes of fame in December after she tweeted about her inaugural arrest and included her mugshot, which then got shared thousands of times. 'Surrendered myself at 7 a.m., got released at 11:30 a.m. F**k what you heard. And my mugshot's cute,' she tweeted. Scroll down for video . Ready for her second closeup: Alysa Bathrick, 18, who took Twitter by storm after sharing online her 'cute' mugshot in December (left) following a drug arrest, was picked up by police for shoplifting in January, resulting in another booking photo (right) Started Twitter craze: After Alysa Bathrick posted her mugshot along with this tweet, the admiration for her criminally good looks followed . Just over two months after her first arrest, the 18-year-old was picked up by police in Raleigh on shoplifting charges, reported WFLA. Her new booking photo, taken January 26, bears a strong resemblance to the now-famous mugshot, complete with her dramatic dark eyebrows and long highlighted hair parted on the right. After Bathrick posted her 'cute' jail photo from November, thousands of users took to Twitter to find out for what she's been arrested and also commented on her criminally good looks. 'Xanax homie' she tweeted when asked what she was arrested for. Bathrick mentioned on Twitter that she probably wouldn't have gotten caught if her 'ex -boyfriend hadn't told on her' but she won't have any trouble finding a new beau. Enamored men made sure to tell her they'd be willing to take her ex-boyfriend's place. '@_ahleesah you got arrested for stealing my heart. Cutest mugshot ever,' tweeted Señor Taco @DannyT4022 . 'Not gonna lie @_ahleesah is a hottie. Never judge a book by its cover. We all have our stories,' tweeted Abe M. @Broham25. Alleged dealer: When her new found fans asked her what she was arrested for she replied, 'Xanax homie' Law breaker or heart breaker?: Thousands of fans have fluttered to Bathrick's Twitter account after she posted her 'cute mugshot' '@_ahleesah you are too fine, lemme arrest you,' said Courson Eells @thecoursoneells. Bathrick isn't the only person arrested to gain recognition for their good looking mugshots. A tan, blue-eyed scorcher named Jeremy Meeks was arrested and charged June 18 with a felony charge of street terrorism, as well as for a misdemeanor charge of resisting/obstruction of justice. Since being arrested, Meeks was offered a modelling contract and became the subject of internet memes of him modelling Calvin Klein suits. Meeks also has a felony grand theft conviction from 2002. Last month, a man named Sean Kory who bares a striking resemblance to Jeremy Meeks was arrested for assaulting a man with a Tennis racket on Halloween. He was reportedly arrested over the weekend after yelling 'I hate Fox News' and attacking a person dressed as a Fox News reporter at a Halloween parade, reports RawStory. Despite hating the news, his mugshot happened to show up in various media outlets along with his other good looking counterparts behaving badly. The original: Jeremy Meeks, 30, was arrested in June and after this mugshot went viral he was offered a modelling contract and gained scores of fans . Mugshot 2.0: Last month Sean Kory was arrested for allegedly assaulting a man dressed as a Fox News reporter with a tennis racket and the internet couldn't help but notice his striking resemblance to Meeks . | Alysa Suguro Bathrick, 18, tweeted about her arrest on December 1 and included her mug shot which then got shared over 1,000 times . 'Surrendered myself at 7 a.m., got released at 11:30 a.m. F**k what you heard. And my mugshot's cute,' she said . She was arrested again in late January on a shoplifting charge . In addition to Bathrick's mugshot both Jeremy Meek and Sean Kory's mugshots were shared on the internet for being attractive . |
Given a reference text about Margot Robbie, tell me when they were born and what they are famous for. | Margot Elise Robbie (/ˈmɑːrɡoʊ ˈrɒbi/; born 2 July 1990) is an Australian actress and producer. Known for her work in both blockbuster and independent films, she has received various awards and nominations, including nominations for two Academy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, and five British Academy Film Awards. Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2017 and she was ranked as one of the world's highest-paid actresses by Forbes in 2019. | Margot Robbie was born on July 2nd, 1990. She is famous for being an Australian actress and one of Time Magazine's 100 most influential people in the world in 2017. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | At some clubs, the association with a former manager or player is so strong, so deep, that they can never really move on. It is an itch, nagging away in the background because results are not coming up to scratch for the supporters who long for days when they were attached to someone special. Jose Mourinho is perhaps the most notorious example, promising Chelsea supporters that he would one day return to Stamford Bridge after he was sacked by Roman Abramovich in September 2007. West Ham manager Sam Allardyce could be on his way out of Upton Park when the season finishes . Allardyce had Diafra Sakho to thank for a return to winning ways at the weekend . This last-gasp goal from Sakho was enough to see off Sunderland and take the three points . They got their wish in the end when he returned to the club in the summer of 2013. Further back in time, Howard Kendall twice returned to Everton in an attempt to recreate his successful period at Goodison Park, where he won two league titles, the European Cup Winners’ Cup and the FA Cup. It was the same at Newcastle United, where Alan Shearer had scored 148 goals in the Barclays Premier League for his boyhood club; Kevin Keegan also returned to St James’ Park for a short stint in 2008. At Upton Park there is a similar dilemma, with the boardroom once again tempted to turn to Slaven Bilic at the end of the season. Every so often the momentum for Bilic builds at Upton Park and it is heading that way again because of the annual uncertainty over the future of Sam Allardyce. His name seems to stalk the corridors. Although Bilic only spent a season as a player at West Ham, his profile has increased over the years by dint of his tussles with England during his successful coaching career with Croatia. Slaven Bilic, seen here staring down a pitch invader last week as Besiktas crashed out of the Europa League, is continually linked with a return to West Ham as manager, having played for the club in the 1990s . Bilic (left) joined West Ham in 1996 and spent a year there before moving to Premier League rivals Everton . Hajduk Split - 2001-02 . Played 17 Won 11 Drawn 4 Lost 2 . Win % - 64.71 . Croatia U21s - 2004-06 . Played 18 Won 10 Drawn 2 Lost 6 . Win % - 55.56 . Croatia - 2006-12 . Played 65 Won 42 Drawn 15 Lost 8 . Win % - 64.62 . Lokomotiv Moscow - 2012-13 . Played 31 Won 12 Drawn 7 Lost 12 . Win % - 38.71 . Besiktas 2013- . Played 81 Won 44 Drawn 19 Lost 18 . Win % - 54.32 . Total . Played 212 Won 119 Drawn 47 Lost 46 . Win % - 56.13 . He is currently coaching Besiktas, second in the Turkish Super Lig going in to the international break after they were beaten by rivals Fenerbahce. The plan is to leave at the end of the season. Surprisingly they were beaten 5-2 on aggregate in the Europa League by Club Brugge, knocked out of the competition before they had reached the quarter-final. Bilic’s target now is win the title, to regain control of the Super Lig and finish above the leaders Galatasaray at the end of the season. That will add to his appeal. There is an aura about the man, a presence that few managers possess at the highest level of the game. Bilic belongs in that category. He wants English football, the chance to return to Upton Park as the club’s manager after spells with Lokomotiv Moscow and Besiktas. West Ham’s ownership structure, comprising David Sullivan, David Gold and Karren Brady, along with some influential voices on the fringes of the boardroom, have a decision to make at the end of the season. Had they been the types to appease supporters, Allardyce would have been sacked after their lame, 5-0 surrender at Nottingham Forest in the FA Cup last season, which was immediately followed by a 6-0 defeat at Manchester City in the Capital One Cup semi-final first leg. Alan Shearer (right) didn't have much to celebrate when he took over Newcastle after starring as a player . Howard Kendall (left), celebrating with Paul Bracewell after Everton sealed the First Division title in 1985, was in charge from 1981 until 1987 and returned to Goodison Park in 1990 and again in 1997 . Jose Mourinho always said he would come roaring back to Chelsea after leaving in 2007 . They finished the season in 13th, a respectable position for a team that had only just been promoted from the Championship under Allardyce’s leadership. But his contract is up in the summer and there has been little to suggest that he will stay beyond the end of the campaign. He is a good manager, underlined by his sharp thinking and the tactical switch he made within minutes of being handed Sunderland’s team-sheet on Saturday. Sunderland’s new manager Dick Advocaat spooked him by playing three forwards in his first game, starting Connor Wickham, Steven Fletcher and Jermain Defoe up front as part of a surprise attacking strategy. Allardyce responded instantly, sensing a vulnerability down the flanks and telling his team to flood the wide area. Hammers old boy Jermain Defoe was kept quiet by Allardyce's men at Upton Park . Allardyce was able to change his tactics at short notice to get the better of Sunderland boss Dick Advocaat . By the end of the game they had crossed the ball 42 times, winning for the first time in nine when Diafra Sakho scored in the 89th minute. Allardyce accepts that the results of his team have not been good of late, mindful that a dip in form in the second half of the season could affect his future at the club. There has been friction all year, manifesting itself when Sullivan claimed just after Christmas that football management was not a science. ‘The longer you are in the game and the longer you’ve had the manager, you get involved more and more because when you see your money wasted year after year, you think “I could do as good as that”,’ admitted Sullivan. ‘And you really can, you know. I know that sounds daft but if you’ve had 20 years of buying players, seeing money spent, they’re not geniuses.’ Perhaps not, but to move on and build a team ahead of their move to the Olympic Stadium in 2017, there is a view that Bilic fits the bill. Sometimes, you just can’t get them out of your head. | West Ham manager Sam Allardyce is out of contract in the summer . There has been little to suggest he will be staying at Upton Park . Slaven Bilic's name is once again being touted as a possible replacement . The Besiktas manager had a spell at West Ham as a player in the 90s . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Borussia Dortmund coach Jurgen Klopp has heaped praise on Shinji Kagawa by calling the former Manchester United midfielder 'the sausage in a sandwich'. Klopp decided to bring Kagawa back to the Bundesliga in the summer after the 25-year-old failed to settle into life at Old Trafford. However Kagawa appears to have had no such trouble impressing his manager since returning to Westfalenstadion despite scoring just one league goal since completing a £6.3million move. VIDEO Scroll down to see Kagawa score on his return to Borussia Dortmund . Dortmund manager Jurgen Klopp has heaped praise on Japan international Shinji Kagawa . Kagawa sealed a move back to Dortmund after failing to hold down a first-team spot at Manchester United . Klopp, speaking to Uefa's official website, said: 'Shinji is someone who moves so well in the most difficult areas of the pitch, between the two lines of four. 'It's like he is the sausage in a sandwich, because players are coming from all sides.' The 47-year-old German tactician went on to hail Marco Reus for deciding to reject a big-money move to the likes of Real Madrid, Manchester City and Bayern Munich. Klopp added: 'Just how important Marco is, you could see from the extension of his contract. With such a top player, and with our history [financially], you would think a player of his calibre would leave the club at some point. 'But even though the whole world wanted him, he said: "I'm staying here". 'I think that was an extraordinary act at such a young age and not normal, so that's why I think he is a great player and a great lad.' Klopp has stated his delight at Marco Reus' decision to extend his stay at the Bundesliga outfit . | Jurgen Klopp had lauded ex-Manchester United midfielder Shinji Kagawa . The Dortmund boss has praised Kagawa's style of play and movement . Kagawa has scored just one league goal since sealing Dortmund return . Klopp has stated his delight at Marco Reus' decision to stay at club . |
Give me some of the most famous characters Marvel Comics has produced from this list. | Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther and Captain Marvel, as well as popular superhero teams such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy. Its stable of well-known supervillains includes the likes of Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City, New York, United States. Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies. This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015. | Some of the most famous characters Marvel have produced include Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, and Wolverine. These characters are often affiliated with teams of superheroes, such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roy Hodgson wants his fringe players to prove a point to him in Turin as he prepares to field an 'experimental' line-up against Italy. England's confidence is running high after they thumped Lithuania 4-0 on Friday to stretch their post-World Cup winning streak to seven matches. They know a much stiffer test lies around the corner though. Italy find themselves in the midst of a crisis after coach Antonio Conte received death threats from angry Juventus fans who blame him for causing Claudio Marchisio to break down with a serious knee injury. Three Lions boss Roy Hodgson will change up his starting XI for the friendly against Italy on Tuesday night . The Azzurri are also without experienced campaigners Andrea Pirlo and Daniele De Rossi, but they are still by far the toughest opposition England have faced since their winless and joyless campaign in Brazil. Hodgson's plans have been turned completely upside down after nine squad withdrawals, though. The likes of Chris Smalling, Kieran Gibbs, Andros Townsend, Theo Walcott and Ross Barkley are likely to get a chance in Turin and with competition for places increasing, particularly in midfield and attack, Hodgson wants to see encouraging signs from those who step in. 'We've got a tougher test ahead of us against Italy and we will be playing that game with players we wouldn't normally rely upon,' the England manager told FA TV. England fringe players will get a chance to impress manager Roy Hodgson during a friendly in Turin . 'There are an awful lot of people in the squad I count on that we've lost, but what it means is for those who are still with us, many who are relatively untried, there will be a chance for them to show that my faith in selecting them for this squad was justified.' Hodgson confirmed on Saturday that Danny Welbeck, Raheem Sterling, James Milner and Leighton Baines would all return to their clubs. Southampton full-back Ryan Bertrand is the only replacement so Hodgson now has 20 players - including three goalkeepers - to choose from. Those left are an inexperienced bunch. Eight players have 10 caps or less. Arsenal forward Theo walcott, who was a second-half substitute against Lithuania, could start on Tuesday . England duo Wayne Rooney (left) and Danny Welbeck (right) celebrate their strikes on Friday night . Everton midfielder Ross Barkley runs with possession during a late cameo on Friday in the Lithuania match . In a bid, perhaps, to dampen expectations running high following Harry Kane's impressive debut on Friday, Hodgson was moved to describe his line-up as 'experimental' on Sunday. The England manager says his team should not be judged on the result of Tuesday's game at the Juventus Stadium, but later in the season when they are expected to play big friendlies against the likes of Spain, Holland and France. 'The real test against tougher opposition will be when the qualifying campaign is over,' the 67-year-old said. 'When the qualifying campaign ends - we believe we'll be qualified in October - then we have two very important friendlies in November, two important friendlies in March, certainly in May. 'Hopefully we'll get really quality opposition to play us in those matches which will really put us seriously to the test. Harry Kane celebrates scoring on debut as England cruise to a 4-0 victory over Lithunania on Friday night . 'There are a number of players who quite seriously believe they should be in the team and none of them will be in Italy. 'Italy and Ireland (in June) will be to some extent experimental and a chance to break in to what we think is our best XI.' Still, a win against the nation that beat them in their World Cup opener last summer will do no harm to morale, especially if Kane puts on another performance like the one that saw him score after just 79 seconds on the pitch on Friday. For Hodgson it will be the first time he has visited the new Juventus Stadium. Italy striker Eder (left) celebrates scoring a late equaliser against Bulgaria with coach Antonio Conte . He did not enjoy that much success at the Old Lady's former ground, the Stadio delle Alpi, when he was in charge at Inter Milan, mainly because he always came up against a team containing the likes of Alessandro Del Piero, Didier Deschamps and Zinedine Zidane. Hodgson lost twice in the league at Juventus, but a 3-0 Coppa Italia win over the Turin giants is still remembered fondly by Inter fans. 'I didn't have many happy moments in Turin,' Hodgson said. 'Juventus were clearly the best team in the country during my time with many, many star players. 'Apart from one cup victory which we had there, invariably we didn't get the results we wanted. 'But I'm happy to be going back to Italy as a country and I'm happy to be playing Italy again.' | England beat Lithuania 4-0 in Euro 2016 qualifier on Friday at Wembley . Harry Kane scored 79 seconds after coming on during his England debut . England face Italy in Turin on Tuesday and Hodgson will change his team . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Oklahoma City set aside some bad news off the court to beat NBA Eastern Conference leader Atlanta 123-115 on Friday, with Russell Westbrook scoring 17 of his 36 points in the fourth quarter and notching yet another triple double to steer the Thunder to an important victory. The Thunder earlier in the day conceded that reigning league MVP Kevin Durant will probably miss the rest of the season with a foot injury, yet the team came out with an impressive performance that lifted Oklahoma City two games clear of New Orleans in the fight for the last playoff-yielding spot in the West. The Pelicans lost ground with a defeat at league-leading Golden State, while other key results saw Memphis boost its Southwest Division lead with victory at Dallas and the Los Angeles Clippers end Washington's winning streak. Oklahoma City Thunder guard Russell Westbrook goes up for a basket as Mike Muscala defends . Westbrook reacts after making a 3-point basket against the Atlanta Hawks in Oklahoma City . Dion Waiters goes to the basket as Atlanta Hawks guard Kent Bazemore defends during the second quarter . Oklahoma's Westbrook recorded his seventh triple-double since the All-Star break, his ninth of the season and the 17th of his career. He had 10 rebounds and 14 assists while making all 17 of his free throws. Dion Waiters matched a season high with 26 points for the Thunder, which faces an uphill task to make the playoffs without Durant. Pero Antic scored a career-high 22 points for the Hawks, whose lead atop the mediocre East was trimmed to nine games. Memphis ended a run of three-successive road losses by pulling away in the third quarter and beating Dallas 112-101. Memphis Grizzlies forward Zach Randolph drives against Dallas Mavericks centre Tyson Chandler . Zach Randolph scored 21 points while Marc Gasol had 15 points and 10 rebounds for the Grizzlies, who shot 64.7 percent in the second half (22 of 34). Dallas, which is seventh in the West, 4-1/2 games ahead of Oklahoma City, had a three-game winning streak halted. The Mavericks were led by Dirk Nowitzki and Devin Harris with 16 points each. Golden State closed in on the best regular season record in franchise history by beating New Orleans 112-96. Golden State Warriors' Stephen Curry dribbles past New Orleans Pelicans' Norris Cole in Oakland . Stephen Curry overcame a subpar shooting performance to score 16 points with 11 assists, while Harrison Barnes added 22 points. Curry missed 12 of his first 13 shots from the floor and was 0 for 7 from 3-point range before making back-to-back shots from beyond the arc in the third quarter. He finished 4 for 17 for the Warriors, who improved to 55-13, the second-most wins in team history - and four shy of the franchise record. Alexis Ajinca scored 15 points with eight rebounds for New Orleans, which played without four of its top six players, including leading scorer Anthony Davis. New Orleans Pelicans' Alexis Ajinca shoots over Golden State Warriors' Andrew Bogut in Oakland . Los Angeles' Chris Paul had 30 points and 15 assists to lead the Clippers to a 113-99 win against Washington. J.J. Redick scored 26 points for the Clippers, who are fifth in the West. John Wall's 19 points and 10 assists led the Wizards, who had won their previous five. Chicago's Nikola Mirotic matched a career high with 29 points to propel the Bulls to a 108-92 victory over Toronto. Chicago Bulls' Nikola Mirotic dunks during the game against the Toronto Raptors in Chicago . Joakim Noah had 10 rebounds, equaled a career high with 14 assists and scored eight points to come within one basket of a triple-double for the Bulls, who pulled half a game ahead of the Raptors for third place in the East. They also took a 3-0 lead in the season series, assuring them the edge in any potential playoff tiebreaker. DeMar DeRozan had 27 points for Toronto, which was without All-Star guard Kyle Lowry. Cleveland extended its home winning streak to 15 games and officially secured a playoff spot by edging Indiana 95-92. Toronto Raptors' DeMar DeRozan passes against Chicago Bulls' Mirotic during the game in Chicago. LeBron James scored 29 points - 13 in the fourth quarter- despite suffering from a head cold. He scored 11 straight points in the fourth to give Cleveland a 93-92 lead. However, it was Cavs guard Iman Shumpert who came up with the biggest play, running down a long rebound and then knocking down two free throws with a second left. George Hill scored 24 for the Pacers, who dropped their fourth straight and damaged their playoff hopes. San Antonio led throughout to beat Boston 101-89 despite being on the wrong end of a 16-0 late scoring run, with Kawhi Leonard having 22 points to lead the Spurs to their seventh-straight win over the Celtics. Orlando snapped a six-game skid with a 111-104 win against Portland, with Elfrid Payton contributing 22 points, 10 rebounds and 10 assists. Brooklyn's Brook Lopez had 32 points and a season-high 18 rebounds, helping the Nets beat Milwaukee 129-127 in the second triple-overtime meeting between the teams this season. Brooklyn Nets' Brook Lopez dunks the ball over Milwaukee Bucks' Ersan Ilyasova in New York. Miami clamped down in the fourth quarter to beat a misfiring Denver 108-91, led by 22 points from Dwyane Wade. Sacramento beat Charlotte for the second time in 10 days, with Rudy Gay having 33 points and nine rebounds for the Kings. Philadelphia beat New York 97-81 in a meeting of the East's worst teams, with Nerlens Noel scoring a career-high 23 points and grabbing 14 rebounds. New York Knicks' Lou Amundson goes up to shoot against Philadelphia 76ers' Nerlens Noel in Philadelphia . | MVP Kevin Durant will miss the rest of the season with a foot injury . Golden State close in on best regular season record in franchise history . Memphis ended a run of three-successive road losses with Dallas win . Nikola Mirotic matched a career high 29 points in Chicago Bulls win . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This is the haunting last picture of a 'kind and caring' Iranian sports journalist, taken in the window of his Barcelona hotel hours before he boarded the doomed Germanwings flight. Hussein Javadi took the picture in the window of Hotel Hespiria before he departed for the airport on Tuesday morning, sharing it on his private Instagram account. He had been in the Spanish city to cover 'El Clasico', a football match between Barcelona and Real Madrid - his favourite team, according to his profile on the picture sharing site. Scroll down for video . Hussein Javadi took the picture in the window of his Barcelona hotel hours before he boarded the flight . Mr Javadi was killed along with 150 other people when the plane crashed into the Alps . Rescue workers sift through the wreckage of Germanwings Airbus A320 which was deliberately flown into the French Alps . Mr Javadi, along with fellow Iranian sports journalist Milad Hojatoleslami, were travelling to Austria, where they were due to cover a match between Iran and Chile. But they never reached their destination, as the plane was plunged into the Alps by German pilot Andreas Günter Lubitz, killing all 150 people on board the flight to Dussedorf. Mr Javadi's long-time friend Maysam Bizær - who shared the picture on his Twitter account after learning of the tragedy - told the Evening Standard: 'He was a kind, loving and caring man with high passion for his work and football.' The heartbreaking picture of Mr Javadi, who worked for Vatan Emrooz newspaper, is just one of the traces left behind of the passengers' final hours. Many of the 16 German schoolchildren, who had been in Barcelona on an exchange, messaged friends and family as they boarded the plane. Among them were 16-year-old Elena Bless, who friends described as a ‘happy girl’ who dreamed of going to university and travelling the world. Germanwings co-pilot - 28-year-old German Andreas Günter Lubitz (above) - deliberately crashed into a mountain to 'destroy the plane', it has been revealed . These are some of the German pupils who died on the Germanwings flight, which crashed in the Alps, killing all 150 passengers. The teenagers had been on a week-long exchange trip to Barcelona and were flying home . ‘She had been sending me messages on WhatsApp and Snap Chat and had been very happy about the trip. She had had a good time.’ Elena’s best friend and classmate Philippa said. ‘She sent me pictures of the group together and the different sights they saw. They looked like they had had fun.’ Investigators have since revealed how the 28-year-old pilot locked his captain out of the cockpit in the moments before the aircraft was downed. The chilling final moments of the doomed jet were revealed by French prosecutors who said Lubitz's sole aim was to 'destroy the plane'. 'We hear the pilot asking the co-pilot to take over and we hear the sound of a chair being pushed back and a door closing so we assume that the captain went to the toilet or something. 'So the co-pilot is on his own, and it is while he's on his own that the co-pilot is in charge of the plane and uses the flight management system to start the descent of the plane. 'At this altitude, this can only be done voluntarily. We hear several shouts from the captain asking to get in, speaking through the intercom system, but there's no answer from the cockpit. 'His (Lubitz's) breath was not of somebody who was struggling. He never said a single word. It was total silence in the cockpit for the ten past minutes. Nothing. 'There are alarm systems which indicate to all those on board the proximity of the ground. Then we hear noises of someone trying to break into the door. 'The door is reinforced according to international standards. 'Just before final impact we hear the sound of a first impact. It's believed that the plane may have hit something before the final impact. 'There is no distress signal or Mayday signal. No answer was received despite numerous calls from the tower. 'I don't think that the passengers realised what was happening until the last moments because on the recording you only hear the screams in the final seconds. 'The intention was to destroy the plane. Death was instant. The plane hit the mountain at 700kmh (430mph). 'He did this for a reason which we don't know why, but we can only deduct that he destroyed this plane. 'We have asked for information from the German investigation on both his profession and personal background. 'There is no reason to suspect a terrorist attack. 'People who commit suicide usually do so alone... I don't call it a suicide.' | Hussein Javadi took the picture in the window of his Barcelona hotel . Hours later, he boarded Germanwings flight which crashed into the Alps . Among 150 who died when pilot drove plane into the ground on purpose . |
When was Anfield football stadium built? | Anfield is a football stadium in Anfield, Liverpool, Merseyside, England, which has a seating capacity of 53,394, making it the seventh largest football stadium in England. It has been the home of Liverpool F.C. since their formation in 1892. It was originally the home of Everton from 1884 to 1891, before they moved to Goodison Park after a dispute with the club president.
The stadium has four stands: the Spion Kop, the Main Stand, the Sir Kenny Dalglish Stand and the Anfield Road End. The record attendance of 61,905 was set at a match between Liverpool and Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1952. The ground converted to an all-seater stadium in 1994 as a result of the Taylor Report, which reduced its capacity.
Two gates at the stadium are named after former Liverpool managers: Bill Shankly and Bob Paisley. Both managers have been honoured with statues outside the stadium: Shankly's unveiled in 1997 by the Kop Stand and Paisley's in 2020 by the Main Stand. The ground is 2 miles (3 km) from Liverpool Lime Street railway station. It was proposed in 2002 to replace the stadium with a new one in the adjacent Stanley Park, but after the acquisition of Liverpool F.C. by Fenway Sports Group in 2010 it was made clear this would not happen.
Construction for an extension to the main stand began on 8 December 2014. This extension, one of the largest all-seater single stands in European football, opened to the public on 9 September 2016, increasing the stadium capacity to 53,394. The Anfield Road Stand is currently being redeveloped to bring the stadium capacity to around 61,000. It is due to be completed in time for the 2023–24 season. | Anfield was built in 1884 and first occupied by and has been redeveloped many times over the years. The most recent redevelopment was in 2022 on The Anfield Road Stand which brought the total capacity of the stadium to around 61,000. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A popular personal trainer from Atlanta was struck and killed by a freight train Tuesday while making a YouTube exercise video. Authorities have named the victim of the fatal accident as 30-year-old Travis Williams, better known as Achilles. Williams was a renowned fitness guru with a large following on social media who often recorded outdoor workout routines for his YouTube channel, which has about 400 subscribers. Scroll down for video . Tragic loss: Personal trainer Travis Williams, better known as Achilles, was pronounced dead after being struck by a freight town in an Atlanta suburb Tuesday . Fitness guru: Williams (left and right) was making a workout video for his YouTube channel when he was struck . Fatal error: The 30-year-old trainer was jumping rope near the tracks in Buckhead, but he underestimated the width of an oncoming train . Accident scene: Williams was hit on the tracks over Roxboro Road near East Paces Ferry . According to police, Williams and a friend were shooting an exercise video near the train tracks in Buckhead when disaster struck. Investigators say the buff 30-year-old trainer was jumping rope while his companion was in charge of the camera, reported 11Alive. While Williams was not on the tracks over Roxboro Road near East Paces Ferry, he apparently underestimated the width of the oncoming train, which ended up sideswiping him. The videographer escaped injury but was knocked off his feet by the impact. The 30-year-old Atlanta resident is survived by his 6-year-old daughter and his girlfriend. Williams' friends and loved ones took to Twitter and Instagram to express their heartbreak. Young dad: The 30-year-old Atlanta resident is survived by his 6-year-old daughter and his girlfriend . Athletic: Achilles Williams was best known for running a private fitness camp in Atlanta called Team Fitness . Ripped and toned: The 30-year-old workout aficionado filled his various social media accounts with photos and videos showing off his impressive musculature . Cedric McCay tweeted: 'RIP Achilles Williams. You Motivated many, many of use to better health.' Dr Kelvin Brown, an Atlanta weight loss expert, tweeted: ‘RIP to a great person and awesome trainer - "The trainer's trainer"’ Achilles Williams was best known for running a private workout camp in Atlanta called Team Fitness. He also had a robust online presence, with nearly 30,000 people following him on Instagram. The 30-year-old workout aficionado filled his various social media accounts with photos and videos showing off his impressive musculature and displaying his athletic abilities. Earlier this week, Williams shared with his followers snapshots of himself snowboarding and performing a gravity-defying handstand. Another life lost: In January, Los Angeles bodybuilder Greg Plitt, 37, was killed by a train that he had tried to outrun during a videoshoot . Williams' loved ones have launched a GoFundme campaign hoping to raise $25,000 towards his final expenses and to help support his daughter. As of Thursday morning, the fundraiser was just $3,000 shy its goal. In January, Los Angeles bodybuilder Greg Plitt was killed under eerily similar circumstances. According to multiple published reports, the 37-year-old model and actor was trying to outrun a Metrolink train in Burbank during the filming of a commercial when he was struck and killed. | Achilles Williams, 30, died after a train struck him in Atlanta suburb of Buckhead . Police say he was jumping rope near the tracks but underestimated the width of an oncoming train . A friend who was shooting Williams' workout video was knocked off his feet by impact . Williams ran Team Fitness workout camp and had a large following on social media . |
What is a yellow or red card in soccer? | A foul occurs when a player commits an offence listed in the Laws of the Game while the ball is in play. The offences that constitute a foul are listed in Law 12. Handling the ball deliberately, tripping an opponent, or pushing an opponent, are examples of "penal fouls", punishable by a direct free kick or penalty kick depending on where the offence occurred. Other fouls are punishable by an indirect free kick.
The referee may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or dismissal (red card). A second yellow card in the same game leads to a red card, which results in a dismissal. A player given a yellow card is said to have been "booked", the referee writing the player's name in their official notebook. If a player has been dismissed, no substitute can be brought on in their place and the player may not participate in further play. Misconduct may occur at any time, and while the offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad. In particular, the offence of "unsporting behaviour" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specific offences. A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute, substituted player, and to non-players such as managers and support staff.
Rather than stopping play, the referee may allow play to continue if doing so will benefit the team against which an offence has been committed. This is known as "playing an advantage". The referee may "call back" play and penalise the original offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue within "a few seconds". Even if an offence is not penalised due to advantage being played, the offender may still be sanctioned for misconduct at the next stoppage of play.
The referee's decision in all on-pitch matters is considered final. The score of a match cannot be altered after the game, even if later evidence shows that decisions (including awards/non-awards of goals) were incorrect. | In the game of soccer, whenever a player commits a foul, the referee can give a player a yellow card or a red card. A yellow card is a caution/warning. A red card is a dismissal and the player has to leave the field. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Borussia Dortmund boss Jurgen Klopp is confident his side can overturn a 2-1 Champions League first leg deficit against Juventus on Wednesday due to their watertight defence. The improving Germans, who have recovered after a dismal first half to the domestic season that saw them anchored in last place as recently as last month in the Bundesliga, have kept a clean sheet in their last three league games, including a 0-0 draw against Cologne on the weekend. With Neven Subotic and Mats Hummels back fit in central defence, along with full backs Marcel Schmelzer and Lukasz Piszczek, Dortmund's defence has been as solid as it has been all season. Jurgen Klopp talks to his Dortmund players during a training session ahead of the second leg with Juventus . (Left to right): Adrian Ramos, Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, Sokratis Papastathopoulos and Marco Reus . The Dortmund squad are put through their paces in training ahead of the crucial game against Juventus . Aubameyang (left) talks with Reus (right) as the Dortmund pair limber up in training with some leg stretches . '(Against Cologne) we played another game without letting in a goal and that is something we can build on,' Klopp told reporters. 'We want to advance to the quarter-finals and we can do this.' Dortmund boast a fine record at home in Europe having won 11 of their last 14 Champions League games at the Westfalenstadion. But in order to book a spot in the last eight they have to snap a losing run at home against Juventus, having lost all three previous encounters against the Italians in Dortmund. Klopp will be counting on goals from Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, who has scored five in his last seven outings and in-form Marco Reus, who has struck five times in eight games. Marco Reus cancelled out Carlos Tevez's opener before Alvaro Morata scored a 42nd-minute winner . Juventus are flying high in Serie A, edging closer to the Italian title with their first triumph away from home in over two months at Palermo, opening up a 14-point lead. 'One less win needed to win the league,' Juventus manager Massimiliano Allegri said, knowing he will now need to shift his focus to Dortmund and their attacking game. 'We will need to take the lead there, maybe score more than one goal,' said the coach. They will, however, be without influential playmaker Andrea Pirlo who has yet to fully recover from a thigh injury suffered in the first leg. 'He has made good progress but not enough to be in Dortmund,' the club said in a statement. Klopp knows that his side will have to be at their absolute best to overcome high-flying Serie A giants Juve . Dortmund have won 11 of their last 14 home ties in the Champions League at the Westfalenstadion . | Dortmund boss Jurgen Klopp believes his side can overturn 2-1 deficit . Klopp's side have kept a clean sheet in their last three league games . The Black and Yellows have improved since the return of Mats Hummels . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A sheriff has credited Facebook in assisting in the arrest of a domestic violence suspect on Tuesday. Andrew Dale Marcum, 21, was also wanted on charges of burglary (safe-cracking), abduction, and assault in Ohio. The Butler County Sheriff’s Office posted three pictures of Marcum on Facebook on Tuesday saying that the 21-year-old was wanted on a slew of charges. The Butler County Sheriff’s Office posted three pictures of fugitive Andrew Dale Marcum on Facebook - and he replied saying that he wasn't guilty . Sheriff Jones also had a message for 21-year-old Marcum who was wanted on burglary and abduction charges in Ohio . According to ABC, the wanted criminal replied, posting under his own photo: 'I ain’t tripping half of them don’t even know me.' The sheriff responded: 'If you could stop by the Sheriff’s Office, that’d be great.' The Butler County Sheriff Richard K. Jones then tweeted a picture of a prison cell with the caption: 'Hey Andrew Marcum we’ve got your room ready.' Marcum turned himself in late on Tuesday. The sheriff's office then returned to Facebook, posting the 21-year-old's mugshot, in which he appears to be crying, with the word 'captured' emblazoned across the bottom. A final message read: 'Andrew Dale Marcum will be off Facebook temporarily, because there is no social media access in the Butler County Jail. He's turned himself in. 'Thanks to our Facebook and Twitter friends for helping turn up the heat.' Hamilton County Police Association then reposted Marcum's picture and wrote: 'He looks sad... Karma has a way of doing that sometimes.' Marcum later handed himself in to police on Tuesday - who thanked social media for helping track him down . | Andrew Dale Marcum, 21, was also wanted on charges of burglary (safe-cracking), abduction and assault in Ohio . The Butler County Sheriff’s Office posted Marcum's wanted picture on Facebook - to which he replied saying he was not guilty . Marcum turned himself in later on Tuesday . |
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