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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Blue Bell ice cream has added another product to the list of items it's recalling over potential contamination with listeria. The company said Monday that it's recalling 3 oz. institutional/food service cups of chocolate, vanilla and strawberry ice cream after a test detected listeria in one of the cups recovered from a Kansas hospital. There have been no illnesses reported from the cups, Blue Bell said. The contaminated cup was produced at a plant in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma, in April 2014, the company said. Earlier this month the company recalled a group of products that were made at a plant in Texas as Kansas health officials said three people had died in the past year from a listeria outbreak that could be linked to Blue Bell Creameries products. A total of five people have contracted the serious infection in Kansas, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All five of them were hospitalized at the same hospital before developing listeriosis, the CDC said. At least four of them had eaten milkshakes made with Blue Bell ice cream before developing the infection. "We are devastated and know that Blue Bell has to be and can be better than this," Paul Kruse, Blue Bell CEO and president, said in a statement. "Quality and safety have always been our top priorities. We are deeply saddened and concerned for all those who have been affected." Listeriosis, a serious infection caused by eating food contaminated with listeria, primarily affects the elderly, pregnant women, newborns and people with weakened immune systems, according to the CDC. Symptoms of a listeria infection are fever and muscle aches, sometimes associated with diarrhea or other gastrointestinal symptoms, according to the CDC. In the United States, an estimated 1,600 people become seriously ill each year; approximately 16% of these illnesses result in death. Cervical infections caused by listeriosis in pregnant women may result in spontaneous abortion during the second or third trimesters or stillbirth. The CDC advises that individuals and institutions should check their freezers for the recalled products and throw them away. In a statement on its website, Blue Bell said "this recall in no way includes Blue Bell ice cream half gallons, pints, quarts, 3 gallons or other 3 oz. cups." This is the first product recall in the 108-year history of Blue Bell Creameries, the company said. CNN's Debra Goldschmidt, Amanda Watts and Jacque Wilson contributed to this report. | A test in Kansas found listeria in a Blue Bell Ice Cream cup . The company is recalling the cups after recalling another group of products this month . Three people in Kansas have died from a listeria outbreak . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Retail giant Target Australia has issued a nationwide recall of Easter chocolates, including bunnies and ducks. The recall is happening after product batches containing tree nuts and peanuts were labelled incorrectly. Instead of the label reading it 'may contain tree nuts and peanuts', it says 'may contain shell fruit'. Scroll down for video . Target Australia is recalling a range of Easter chocolates sold under the retailer's brand and the Klett brand . Target has warned customers who have a tree nut or peanut allergy to avoid eating the product. The range that has been affect include the Target-branded milk chocolate bunny, the dark chocolate bunny, white chocolate bunny, milk chocolate duck as well as Klett Easter cone mixed bag of chocolates and Klett milk chocolate sitting bunny. They all have the best before date of June 30, 2016, and are packed into clear cellophane or foil wrappers. Consumers who have a tree nut or peanut allergy can return the products to their Target store for a full refund. Target has warned customers who have a tree nut or peanut allergy to avoid eating the product . The chocolates affected include the Target Dark Chocolate Bunny (left) and Target White Chocolate Bunny . Target stressed the products are safe for all other customers. No other Target Australia chocolate or confectionery products have been affected by this recall. 'Customers with any queries about this recall should contact Target Australia’s Customer Experience Centre on 1300 753 567,' a statement from the retailer said. 'Target Australia apologises to customers for any inconvenience caused.' They have an expiry date of June 30, 2016, and have been labelled they contain 'shell fruit' instead of 'tree nuts and peanuts' | A nationwide recall of Target Australia Easter chocolates has been issued . The packets say they contained shell fruit instead of tree nuts or peanuts . Milk, dark and white chocolates have the best before date of June 30, 2016 . Customers who have nut allergy can return them to Target store for refund . |
Please describe what combat was like in World War I | World War I was fought on many fronts around the world from the battlefields of Europe to the far-flung colonies in the Pacific and Africa. While it is most famous for the trench warfare stalemate that existed on Europe's Western Front, in other theatres of combat the fighting was mobile and often involved set-piece battles and cavalry charges. The Eastern Front often took thousands of casualties a day during the major offensive pushes, but it was the West that saw the most concentrated slaughter. It was in the west that the newly industrialized world powers could focus their end products on the military–industrial complex. The deadliest day of the war was during the opening days of the conflict. The Imperial German war council had initiated the Schlieffen Plan which involved multiple armies flooding through the borders of Belgium and France. On August 22, 1914, during the Battle of the Frontiers, five separate French armies engaged the German invaders independently of each other. Across all those battlefields, on that single day, 27,000 French soldiers lost their lives protecting their country. | World War 1 was fought in Europe, the Pacific, and Africa. It involved cavalry, trench warfare, and mechanized combat. While World War I is known primarily for trench warfare, it also involved mobile combat and the movement of tens of thousands of men, machines, and animals. There were numerous, bloody days and battles in World War I, but the most deadly took place during the opening days of the conflict, at the Battle of Frontiers, where 27,000 French soldiers were killed in a single day. |
Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description} | He was ordained to the priesthood on 14 June 1862, and then taught at the Salesian House of Studies in Turin until 1875. Cagliero led the first ten Salesians to America and established five houses in Uruguay and Argentina between 1875 and 1877, after which he became spiritual director of his society and the first General Director of Daughters of Mary Help of Christians in Turin. He was made Pro-Apostolic Vicar of new vicariate in Northern Patagonia, in Argentina, on 20 November 1883. | • 14 June 1862 - When Giovanni Cagliero was ordained to the priesthood
• 1875 - When Giovanni Cagliero finished teaching at the Salesian House of Studies in Turin
• 1875 - When Giovanni Cagliero led the first ten Salesians to America and established five houses in Uruguay and Argentina
• 1877 - When Giovanni Cagliero finished the establishment of five houses in Uruguay and Argentina
• 20 November 1883 - When Giovanni Cagliero was made Pro-Apostolic Vicar of new vicariate in Northern Patagonia, in Argentina |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Harry Redknapp has advised Liverpool contract rebel Raheem Sterling to sign a new deal at Anfield and bide his time before raking in the inevitable rewards. The young England international is still stalling on an improved contract, reported to be in the region of £100,000-per-week, and will not make any decision until the summer, Reds manager Brendan Rodgers confirmed. 'Not between now and the end of the season,' said Rodgers. 'It has been made clear by Raheem's agent. I repeat that this is the best place for his development and it is clear.' Raheem Sterling, pictured training with England, is yet to sign a new deal to stay at Liverpool . The England winger has reportedly been offered £100,000-per-week to stay at Anfield . Former QPR boss Harry Redknapp has advised Sterling to sign and develop his game first . However, Redknapp insists the 20-year-old is 'lucky' to be at a club like Liverpool and should stay to remain there to develop his game. Speaking on talkSPORT's Alan Brazil Sports Breakfast, Redknapp's advice to the talented winger was: 'Sign your contract. You are at a great club, you are playing regularly, you have become an England international, you're learning the game. Reds manager Brendan Rodgers insists Liverpool is the best place for Sterling to develop his game . The 20-year-old has become one of the most sought-after young players in Europe . Sterling was called up for England's World Cup squad on the back of his Liverpool performances . 'Have another two or three years of playing as you are now, keep taking your game on and you will get the rewards. 'The money is there anyway, but you will be up there with the top earners in the world in another two or three years if you keep progressing. 'You are at a fantastic club, one of the best football clubs in the world. You are lucky to be playing at a club like Liverpool. Get your nut down, do your job, and the rewards will keep coming.' | Liverpool winger is stalling on signing a new contract at Anfield . Raheem Sterling is reported to have been offered £100,000-per-week . Harry Redknapp advises the England youngster to stay and develop his game before reaping the rewards . |
According to the text below, what is a block? | Block (data storage)
In computing (specifically data transmission and data storage), a block, sometimes called a physical record, is a sequence of bytes or bits, usually containing some whole number of records, having a maximum length; a block size. Data thus structured are said to be blocked. The process of putting data into blocks is called blocking, while deblocking is the process of extracting data from blocks. Blocked data is normally stored in a data buffer, and read or written a whole block at a time. Blocking reduces the overhead and speeds up the handling of the data stream. For some devices, such as magnetic tape and CKD disk devices, blocking reduces the amount of external storage required for the data. Blocking is almost universally employed when storing data to 9-track magnetic tape, NAND flash memory, and rotating media such as floppy disks, hard disks, and optical discs.
Most file systems are based on a block device, which is a level of abstraction for the hardware responsible for storing and retrieving specified blocks of data, though the block size in file systems may be a multiple of the physical block size. This leads to space inefficiency due to internal fragmentation, since file lengths are often not integer multiples of block size, and thus the last block of a file may remain partially empty. This will create slack space. Some newer file systems, such as Btrfs and FreeBSD UFS2, attempt to solve this through techniques called block suballocation and tail merging. Other file systems such as ZFS support variable block sizes.
Block storage is normally abstracted by a file system or database management system (DBMS) for use by applications and end users. The physical or logical volumes accessed via block I/O may be devices internal to a server, directly attached via SCSI or Fibre Channel, or distant devices accessed via a storage area network (SAN) using a protocol such as iSCSI, or AoE. DBMSes often use their own block I/O for improved performance and recoverability as compared to layering the DBMS on top of a file system. | In computing -- and specifically in data transmission and data storage -- a block is a sequence of bytes or bits containing a number of records and having a maximum length. Putting data into blocks is called blocking, and reduces overhead and speeds up handling of a data stream. Block storage is typically abstracted by a file system or database management system for use by applications and end users. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Outraged Australian unionists have slammed an American economist who claimed that workers should be easier to fire and need to take a pay cut in order to save the nation's economy. Bob Baur, chief global economist at Principal Global Investors, argued that Australia's domestic labour market needs to change if the country's economy is going to prosper in the wake of the recent mining boom. Dr. Baur claimed that it is too hard to conduct business in Australia as the dollar is still too high and the labour market is too restrictive. Bob Baur, chief economist at Principal Global Investors, argued that Australia's labour market needs reform . 'The best thing for Australia would be ... maybe loosening up the labour market and making it easier for businesses to take on workers or let workers go in difficult times,' he said. 'You've got tonnes of wonderful natural resources here but don't export the resources - export them as a car, or a computer or a television set, or furniture,' he told Yahoo. 'You need to put some labour into it and make something of it here, rather than let somebody make something of it across the world.' Dr Baur said Australia needed to follow the footsteps of the US, where manufacturing was thriving again after having lost six million jobs through the past 25 years to the cheaper labour markets of China and India. Dr Baur said Australia needed to follow the footsteps of the US, where manufacturing was thriving again after having lost six million jobs . Dr Baur said wages in Australia were too high, making the country less competitive in comparison to the US . Dr. Baur's claims were condemned by the Australian Council of Trade Unions . He claimed that wages in Australia were too high, making the country less competitive in comparison to the US. Dr. Baur's claims were condemned by the Australian Council of Trade Unions, who labelled the suggestions as ludicrous. 'It's outrageous to suggest that Australian workers should take a pay cut,' said ACTU secretary Dave Oliver. 'Wages growth is at a record low, productivity growth is high and yet workers' share of the pie keeps diminishing.' Mr Oliver said that the Abbott government was responsible for killing the local car manufacturing industry and driving jobs offshore, rather than excessive workers rights. 'Australian workers are already doing their bit,' Mr Oliver said. Mr Oliver said that the Abbott government was responsible for killing the local car manufacturing industry . | Bob Baur, chief global economist from Principal Global Investors, said Australia's domestic labour market needs reform . He claimed Australians needed to take a pay cut and less holidays . Dr. Baur said the dollar was too high and the labour market restrictive . The Australian Council of Trade Unions has labelled the claims ludicrous . The industry body said Mr Abbott was to blame for driving jobs offshore . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Alice Springs is an arid region in central Australia, positioned some 1500km from the nearest beach. Locals may not have any waves to catch, but they have managed to quench their thirst for surfing with an unorthodox daredevil-friendly pastime. Hilarious GoPro footage shows a group of young larrikins towing themselves on surfboards from utes on the muddy waters of Ilparpa claypans, just south of Alice Springs. Scroll down for video . The video shows the young larrikens towing themselves on surfboards from utes on the muddy waters of Ilparpa claypans . One of the men behind the video, Philip Drummond, said his friends were inspired after going to a 21st birthday party on the Gold Coast. ‘We got a taste for surfing there, then we brought some surfboards back home and took them down to the claypans,' he said. 'We didn’t have much surfing experience, but we picked it up as we went along.’ After several years of trial and error, the friends have refined act to be somewhere between wakeboarding and water skiing. ‘We started off pretty slow at about 15 km per hour or so, but once we built up our confidence we were goingup to 40 kmph,’ he said. The video was filmed over four days in the middle of last year, a time when the Red Centre was experiencing torrential rain. The group of friends were inspired after going surfing at a 21st birthday party on the Gold Coast . After several years of practice, the daredevils have refined act to be somewhere between wakeboarding and water skiing . ‘The claypan retains water very well, but there are few points of the year when we have that much water. We need to capitalise when we get the chance,’ Drummond said. Drummond said none of his friends have suffered any serious injuries from the claypan surfing. When asked if it was legal, he said it was a ‘grey area.’ ‘It’s government land we’re using, but there are our-wheel drives tearing up there all the time. I don’t think what we do is any more damaging,’ he said. The friends have slowly built up their confidence and speed, reaching up to 40km per hour . Despite being seen in the video taking a heavy fall, Drummond said none of his friends have suffered any serious injuries from claypan surfing . | The footage was captured in Ilparpa claypans, just south of Alice Springs . It shows the group of friends towing themselves on surfboards from utes . Philip Drummond said his friends were inspired after surfing in Queensland . But there are only a few times a year when the claypan has enough water . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Tiger Woods won't be playing at Arnold Palmer's charity tournament next week, but he still hopes to be lining up with the golf legend at the season's opening major. While the 85-year-old Palmer has vowed to overcome a shoulder injury to fulfil his ceremonial tee-off role at the Masters, Woods is still trying to get his game in shape. The former world No. 1 has competed only twice this year, missing the cut at the Phoenix Open in early February before withdrawing in the first round of the Farmers Insurance Open due to his ongoing back problems. "Tiger called me personally to let me know that he wouldn't be playing here at Bay Hill," Palmer said on his PGA Tour event's website. "He said that his game is not quite ready yet and that he was disappointed that he won't be able to play in the tournament, which has always meant a lot to him. I'm sorry that he won't be playing. We'll certainly miss him, but I understand and appreciated that he called me." Woods has won the Arnold Palmer Invitational a record eight times, the last of which came in 2013. However, he has not added to his total of 14 major wins since 2008, but hopes to be in contention at Augusta from April 9-12. "I've put in a lot of time and work on my game and I'm making strides, but like I've said, I won't return to the PGA Tour until my game is tournament ready and I can compete at the highest level," the 39-year-old said on his website. "I hope to be ready for the Masters, and I will continue to work hard preparing for Augusta." Palmer first hosted the Bay Hill tournament in 1979 and it took his name from 2007. It raises money for two Florida hospitals named for the seven-time major winner and his late wife Winnie. "I am so proud of what has been accomplished at the hospitals over the past 25 years. It is always a privilege to know that we are making a difference in the lives of families throughout the community," said Palmer after his medical center was named one of the best for children in the U.S. for 2014-15. He hurt his shoulder in December after tripping on carpet when he was about to make a speech at a PGA Tour father/son event. World No. 1 Rory McIlroy will make his first appearance at Palmer's March 19-22 tournament, which features a restricted field, while top-five players Bubba Watson, Henrik Stenson, Adam Scott and Jason Day will also take part. Like us on Facebook . | Arnold Palmer says he understands why Tiger Woods won't play at his tournament . Woods is struggling to be ready for next month's Masters at Augusta . |
How many teams are in the MLB American League | The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the American League (AL), is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada. | The American League consists of 15 teams (including one Canadian team) aligned in three divisions: the AL East, comprising the Baltimore Orioles, Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, Tampa Bay Rays, and Toronto Blue Jays; the AL Central, comprising the Chicago White Sox, Cleveland Indians, Detroit Tigers, Kansas City Royals, and Minnesota Twins; and the AL West, comprising the Houston Astros, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Oakland Athletics, Seattle Mariners, and Texas Rangers. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Frank Lampard has been admiring the scenery of New York during the international break as he prepares for his highly anticipated move to the city's football team and Major League Soccer on July 1. The attacking midfielder will join up with New York City after Manchester City's Premier League season finishes and he has been taking time to get used to his new home city while the club season pauses for Euro 2016 qualifiers and international friendlies. Lampard uploaded a picture to his Facebook account posing with the city providing a spectacular backdrop after going for a jog alongside fiancee Christine Bleakley. Frank Lampard (left) uploaded a picture to his Facebook page with fiancee Christine Bleakley in New York . Lampard has been in New York to prepare for his move to play for New York City as of July 1 . Lampard went to see his new team in action in the MLS but they lost 1-0 at home to Sporting Kansas City . Lampard (left) greets a supporter in New York as he visits the city during the international break . Former Chelsea man Lampard had the chance to see his team in action for the first time when New York played Sporting Kansas City on Saturday at Yankee Stadium. But his side could not give him an early welcome present. In the absence of striker David Villa, who was injured, New York fell to a 1-0 home defeat, their first loss of the season. Lampard will return to Premier League action when Manuel Pellegrini's side head to Selhurst Park to play Crystal Palace on April 6. | Frank Lampard has been visiting New York during the international break . Lampard is preparing for his move to New York City on July 1 . Lampard saw his new side in action but they lost to Sporting Kansas City . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Three in four households are paying up to £250 a year more on gas and electricity than they have to, official figures reveal. Most families are still on their energy firm's standard variable tariff – two years after David Cameron promised to force suppliers to put all customers on the best deal. The standard packages are £180 a year more expensive than the cheapest tariff, with some customers paying nearly £250 a year more. Three in four households are paying up to £250 a year more on gas and electricity than they have to, because they are on a standard variable tariff rather than the cheapest deal . Shadow energy secretary Caroline Flint said Mr Cameron had promised 17 times in the House of Commons to make energy suppliers automatically put all customers on their supplier's lowest tariff. She said: 'More than two years after David Cameron promised to make energy companies put all customers on the lowest tariff, millions of households are still being routinely overcharged by hundreds of pounds every single year. 'That's why the next Labour government will freeze energy prices until 2017, so that bills can fall but not rise, give the regulator the power to force energy suppliers to cut their prices and end overcharging once and for all.' Last month the Competition and Markets Authority released early findings of an inquiry into the sector that the Big Six were overcharging millions of loyal customers by up to £234 a year. During Prime Minster's Question's Time, David Cameron pledged to force energy firms to put customers on the cheapest tariff . Its findings showed 95% of the UK's 19 million dual fuel customers - those who take gas and electricity from the same company - could have saved between £158 and £234 by switching tariff or supplier. The CMA found the Big Six had consistently charged higher prices for standard variable tariffs than for other deals such as fixed tariffs. Energy UK chief executive Lawrence Slade said: 'Standard variable tariffs are just that, the standard price a company is offering energy to customers. Labour's Caroline Flint said Mr Cameron had promised 17 times to make energy suppliers put all customers on the lowest tariff . 'Part of the cost of energy is an assurance that the gas and electricity has been bought months in advance, making sure energy will be available to customers when it is needed. 'New fixed-price deals are able to take advantage of short-term changes in costs and usually offer lower prices than the standard deals, often for a year or two. 'However, the important thing for customers to remember is there are a wide range of deals available in the market. 'If a customer thinks they might be able to save some money by switching tariff or company, they should log on to a comparison site or call their supplier.' Ofgem chief executive Dermot Nolan said: 'While recent price cuts are a step in the right direction, many customers could be better off to the tune of up to £250 by moving from a variable rate to a fixed rate deal. 'If you're not sure where to start, then I'd strongly recommend the Be An Energy Shopper website for an independent and impartial guide.' A Decc spokeswoman said: 'Our reforms to drive down household bills are working and the best energy tariffs are cheaper than they were a year ago. But people want to see more savings - now - and the power is in their hands to do something about it. By shopping around for a better deal and switching energy suppliers households can save around £200 and some even more. 'Consumers deserve a fair deal - and this is exactly why we're backing the CMA's investigation.' Despite wholesale energy prices falling sharply, household energy bills are not dropping at the same rate – nor at the same level across providers. Anyone on a standard tariff with a Big Six provider – British Gas, E.On, npower, SSE, EDF Energy and ScottishPower – who has not switched for several years can almost certainly save money by jumping ship. Households should really review deals every year to ensure they aren't overpaying, but even moving every other year will save you significant amounts. Remember, suppliers offer their cheapest rates via online tariffs. Prices are different all over the country and the cheapest supplier for you will depend where you live. You can check how prices compare using the tool on the right. | Families paying up to £250 a year more on energy than they have to . Three in four families are still on their energy firm's standard variable tariff . In 2013 the PM pledged to force suppliers to put all customers on best deal . |
What is the biggest passenger airliner? | The Airbus A380 is a large wide-body airliner that was developed and produced by Airbus. It is the world's largest passenger airliner and only full-length double-deck jet airliner. Airbus studies started in 1988, and the project was announced in 1990 to challenge the dominance of the Boeing 747 in the long-haul market. The then-designated A3XX project was presented in 1994; Airbus launched the €9.5 billion ($10.7 billion) A380 programme on 19 December 2000. The first prototype was unveiled in Toulouse on 18 January 2005, with its first flight on 27 April 2005. It then obtained its type certificate from the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on 12 December 2006.
Due to difficulties with the electrical wiring, the initial production was delayed by two years and the development costs almost doubled. It was first delivered to Singapore Airlines on 15 October 2007 and entered service on 25 October. Production peaked at 30 per year in 2012 and 2014. However, after the largest customer, Emirates, reduced its last order in February 2019, Airbus announced that A380 production would end in 2021. On 16 December 2021, Emirates received its 123rd A380, which was the 251st and last delivered by Airbus. The $25 billion investment was not recouped.
The full-length double-deck aircraft has a typical seating for 525 passengers, with a maximum certified capacity for 853 passengers. The quadjet is powered by Engine Alliance GP7200 or Rolls-Royce Trent 900 turbofans providing a range of 8,000 nmi (14,800 km). As of December 2021, the global A380 fleet had completed more than 800,000 flights over 7.3 million block hours with no fatalities and no hull losses. As of December 2022, there were 237 aircraft in service with 16 operators worldwide. | A380 is the largest passenger airliner. It has a typical seating for 525 passengers, with a maximum certified capacity for 853 passengers and has a range of 14,800km. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Stars of the MTV reality shows, 16 & Pregnant and Teen Mom, Catelynn Lowell and Tyler Baltierra, shared their teen pregnancy on television and had a baby, Carly, they placed for adoption. But their personal life before their reality show fame was mired in violence, drugs and sexual abuse. The Teen Mom couple announced their engagement in December after Tyler surprised his sweetheart with an diamond engagement ring. Days later, Catelynn gave birth to their second child, Nova Reign. Their first child, Carly, now five, was given up for adoption when they were 16. Besides telling their story, the reformed couple offer wayward teenagers advice on growing up and 'breaking the cycle of dysfunction' in a new book, Conquering Chaos, published by Post Hill Press. Both Tyler, 24, and Catelynn, who turns 24 on March 12, grew up in different trailer parks in Port Huron, Michigan, but they both experienced the trailer park trash life of intoxicated parents deep into drug abuse, parental jail time and violence. Scroll down for video . Catelynn Lowell and fiancée Tyler Baltierra have been open about her mother and his father's battle with addiction. But they've never revealed the hell they experienced as children as a result or the terrifying habits their parents passed onto them. In their new memoir, Conquering Chaos, the Teen Mom fan-favorites, both 23, talk about witnessing drug-related gun fights, abusing ecstasy and cocaine and more . Out of control. Catelynn and Tyler admit they didn't give birth control much thought. They were using the pull-out method, and that was it. 'I didn't wear condoms and Cate never went on birth control,' writes Tyler. The Teen Mom and her boyfriend decided to give their baby up for adoption . Oh so innocent: Catelynn's mother was a drunk often passed out on the floor, her father an alcoholic and crack addict who spent most of his time in jail. Tyler became a daycare delinquent at age five and was drinking, smoking weed and cigarettes and taking drugs by age eight . Catelynn says her mother was 'a b****' and a drunk often passed out on the floor, her father an alcoholic and crack addict who spent most of his time in jail. 'It was chaos all the time. I didn't like it, and I didn't thrive on it, but I was familiar with it. It was normal to me,' Catelynn writes. Tyler's father was a crack addict, a con artist, who spent most of his son's younger years in jail while his supportive mother cycled through boyfriends. So the little boy became a daycare delinquent at age five and was drinking, smoking week and cigarettes and taking drugs by age eight. The young couple fell in love at age twelve and 'we both ended up on the same wild ride'. 'Our decision to have sex — and the way we handled it — brought about a consequence that changed our lives forever.' The as-yet-unmarried childhood sweethearts had their second child, Nova on January 1 this year that they are raising, and decided to write about life before the cameras were rolling when they were terrified teenagers mired in the most extreme dysfunctional families in a seedy environment. Catelynn viewed herself as a social butterfly and opted for multiple boyfriends over passing grades in school although school helped her forget how miserable life was back at the trailer. Tyler spotted her when they were both in junior high, walked up and just took her hand. 'We just walked on ahead, holding hands, and we've been together ever since', he writes. 'Her smile lights up the room and her eyes are beautiful piercing gray. Plus, she's got bigger t**s than any other girl in the seventh grade. 'Definitely my kind of chick. I think to myself, "I have to have her." He wrote her funny notes, cracked jokes, clowned around. He was more open than she was and he taught her to state her own opinions after years of smothering them and lying. 'So speaking my mind and sharing my feelings just wasn't at the top of my list of survival skills. It wasn't something that had gotten positive results in the past. Blowing smoke: Catelynn Lowell smokes on a bong at a gathering with friends in August 2012 . Baby joy: Catelynn gave birth to their second child, Nova Reign in January, days after they got engaged . 'For my whole life, I had a habit of telling people what I thought they wanted to hear, even if it wasn't the truth'. But they didn't start sleeping together until ten months later. Tyler was molested by an older girl, a friend of his older sister, when he was nine years old. 'One day I went over to her house with my sister and some other people, and for some reason or another, everyone else left but this older girl and me. For the next several hours, while we were alone together in her house, it was sex act after sex act after sex act. It went on all day. She had us doing everything she could think of, one thing after another. There'd be a break and then it would start up again. And when it was finally over, I didn't know what the hell had happened'. That incident left him wanting sex from girls who were only ten years old and if they didn't put out, he called them prudes and broke up with them. When Cate finally gave in to Tyler's sexual desires, it was gangbusters – 'banging in his mom's trailer'. 'Once we'd done it once, we were doing it all the time! After waiting so long we turned into crazy, horny teenagers. It was so bad,' she says. 'We would drink and party together and fool around constantly, all the time'. 'Unfortunately, we were not being safe at all', Tyler says. 'We were using the pull-out method, and that was it. I didn't wear condoms and Cate never went on birth control. 'We just didn't feel like we had to. My parents hadn't given me a real talk about it yet, and Cate's parents hadn't given her a talk. We went through sex education and everything, but I sort of thought I was an expert already. We are family: 'Nothing better than getting to spend the day with both of these amazing woman... my sister and my mother... family is EVERYTHING!,' Tyler posted on Instagram . 'We thought pulling out is good enough, and like typical dumb kids, we couldn't actually comprehend what would happen if it wasn't. 'We just approached sex like we'd taken the pills and the air duster. It was fun and it was available, so we did it, because the risks didn't really scare us. We were doing adult things with a child's level of understanding'. They were also consuming big quantities of drugs. He was smoking cigarettes and weed and drinking booze at age eight as well as 'huffin' air duster that he had stolen from CVS that make his head turn into a balloon. It caused him to have a seizure and pee all over himself. She smelled pot in her house at age ten and started getting high on the sleeping pill Unisom to trip out hallucinating, consuming five or six at a time. She snorted Ritalin – or anything else that happened to be around. 'And there was Robotrippin', where we chugged a bunch of cough syrup to get high. We did Ecstasy when we had that. Basically, anything we could get our hands on to get high with, we'd do it. 'I was a little behind on the air duster. I watched my friends do it for about a month, but I was kind of scared of it. But then I got curious to see what the big deal was, so I started doing that, too. 'We never really drank much, funny enough. We did everything else we could get, huffin', snorting pills, smoking weed, we were all about that stuff. But even our friends weren't really drinking. Why drink when you can huff air duster?' – was her thought. Happy reunion: Catelynn and Tyler's reunion with their biological daughter was filled with joy, smiles and plenty of happy tears . She was just trekking down the same drug route that generations of her relatives had traveled for years. He was in the same boat. 'It would have been better not to mess around with air duster and snort cocaine in middle school. No doubt about that', she says. 'And we can never be certain how long that phase would have lasted, if it wasn't for one little thing. Once that pregnancy test came back positive, there was no more room for drugs and alcohol in our lives. 'We dropped that stuff and didn't even have time to look back.' The teen pregnancy saved their lives from falling further into drug abuse. Now the couple are pursuing healthy, positive lives and hope to encourage teenagers in trouble with self-esteem issues or in unhealthy relationships to seek out counseling to learn self-worth. 'I put my life out there to help others', Catelynn writes. 'For the kids growing up in trailer parks, unstable homes or in the shadow of family problems and addiction – . 'Single moms. 'Pregnant teens feeling lost and scared. 'Anyone trapped in a cycle of dysfunction and wants to make something better of their lives—whatever encouragement we can offer, we offer it from the bottom of our hearts'. Conquering Chaos by Catelynn Lowell and Tyler Baltierra, is published by Post Hill Press and is available on Amazon . | 16 & Pregnant and Teen Mom couple Catelynn Lowell and Tyler Baltierra, shared their pregnancy on reality TV and gave up their baby for adoption . Both had hardscrabble lives in dysfunctional homes, revealed for the first time in their new book Conquering Chaos . Tyler spotted Catelynn when they were both in junior high and they've been together ever since . 'Her smile lights up the room.. and she's got bigger t**s than any other girl,' he writes . She says they were 'banging in his mom's trailer'.'Once we'd done it once, we were doing it all the time!' Tyler reveals he was sexually abused by his sister's friend: it was sex act after sex act...She had us doing everything she could think of . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jose Mourinho won the first trophy of his second spell in charge at Chelsea - then immediately rang his wife at the final whistle to tell her the news. Mourinho completed a special day with a 2-0 Capital One Cup final win over Spurs coming a few hours after his side’s Premier League title rivals Manchester City had lost 2-1 at Liverpool. But as his players celebrated, the Chelsea boss was more concerned at telling his other half Matilde Faria who was waiting at home. Jose Mourinho lifts his third Capital One Cup for Chelsea after the Blues beat Tottenham 2-0 at Wembley . Mourinho rang his wife immediately after the match to inform her of the good news that Chelsea won . ‘I rang my wife,’ an emotional Mourinho explained. ‘She didn’t know the result. I had my son and my daughter here, but my wife was at home and didn’t know the score until I called.’ Mourinho, who was winning his seventh trophy with Chelsea and the 21st of a remarkable career, admitted lifting the League Cup made him feel like a kid again. ‘For me, it’s important to feel that I’m a kid,’ he said. ‘Before the game I had the same feelings as my first final however many years ago. The Portuguese manager roars with delight as he lifts the Capital One Cup for Chelsea on Sunday . ‘It’s important to feel the same happiness after the victory, and to feel a kid at 52-years-old. ‘I know I have a team to build, which is what we’re doing, but it’s difficult for me to live without titles, even with all the work that we are doing to be stable. I need to feed myself with titles. ‘In this country it’s much more difficult to win than in my first period.’ Mourinho stopped his players from reacting to City’s defeat against Liverpool so they could concentrate fully on the Wembley final. The Blues boss posed for fans as he walked onto the pitch with the Capital One Cup trophy . He said: ’I prepared the players for an impossible mission, which was not knowing the City result. Forget City. I knew that was an impossible mission, but I didn’t want the television on in the hotel or on the bus. ‘I told them I didn’t want any kind of manifestation or disappointment if City scored in the last minute, or Liverpool won. I wanted complete silence. We were successful on that. ‘But one member of my staff, Silvinho, jumped up in the bus. I wanted to kill the guy. He broke the rule.’ Chelsea striker Diego Costa celebrates his deflected strike, which made it 2-0 for the Blues . John Terry fires Chelsea ahead just before the half-time whistle as the Blues triumphed against Tottenham . Nemanja Matic, suspended for the final, then gave the pre-match speech to his team-mates. ‘He made the speech in the dressing room expressing his pain not to be playing, and asking the players to express the pleasure he couldn’t have to play this final,’ Mourinho revealed. Kurt Zouma was chosen as Matic’s replacement and played alongside Ramires in defensive midfield. Mourinho called him ‘our new Marcel Desailly’ and added: ‘We were preparing a bit, now and again, in some exercises for him to play that role in an emergency, and the kid did a fantastic job for us.’ Mourinho's son, Jose Jr (front), celebrates the Capital One Cup final triumph for Chelsea at Wembley . | Capital One Cup triumph his seventh trophy as Chelsea manager . Chelsea beat Tottenham 2-0 at Stamford Bridge on Sunday at Wembley . CLICK HERE for the player ratings from the League Cup showpiece . Premier League title rivals Manchester City lost 2-1 against Liverpool . CLICK HERE for all the latest Chelsea news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jenson Button can understand the reasoning why Fernando Alonso will not be making his second debut with McLaren this weekend. On the advice of doctors, Alonso is absent from the season-opening Australian Grand Prix after sustaining concussion following a heavy crash on the final day of the second pre-season test last month. Fears were expressed to Alonso of 'second-impact syndrome' whereby a serious brain injury, or even death, could occur should the 33-year-old be involved in a second incident so soon after the first. Jenson Button walks through the paddock at the Albert Park circuit ahead of the Australian Grand Prix . After several weeks testing (above), the Formula One season gets underway in Melbourne on Sunday . Despite that there has been scepticism of the decision, particularly as Alonso spent three days in a local hospital and passed a variety of tests. Button knows what it is like to suffer concussion as he was involved in a severe accident in practice for the 2003 Monaco Grand Prix, yet just a fortnight later was back behind the wheel of his car in Canada. On reflection, Button knows he should arguably have never driven in that subsequent race, so can understand the precautions taken with Alonso, even if they appear extreme. 'As far as I know he (Alonso) had three days (in hospital) undergoing every scan and check under the sun,' said Button. 'I'm sure whatever they've chosen to do is the correct decision. The British F1 driver understands why McLaren team-mate Fernando Alonso will miss the race . Alonso suffered concussion after a high speed crash at the Circuit de Catalunya on February 22 . 'Concussions vary. Some are very light, and then you have different grades of concussion, brain damage. 'For me, I raced two weeks after an accident in Monaco in 2003, with checks of standing on a box, closing one eye and whatever else I had to do. 'To be honest, I scraped through, so they let me race, but that was nearly 13 years ago. Now the checks are very stringent. 'With the incidents we've had, in particular with Jules (Bianchi in Japan last year), the medical people are going to be more strict, and so they should be.' A helicopter takes Alonso to hospital after the former world champion crashed during pre-season testing . The Spaniard waves to supporters after leaving hospital, having passed numerous tests . Despite Alonso's incident at Barcelona's Circuit de Catalunya, Button insists he has no issues with the car. Initially, speculation centred on mechanical failure or an electrical issue given the new McLaren is now powered by Honda. The Woking-based marque, however, categorically ruled out any such faults and instead stated a freak gust of wind played its part in the double world champion veering off track and into a wall. Heading into Sunday's race at Melbourne's Albert Park, despite the lack of running throughout testing given numerous other glitches, Button maintains the car is one of the best he has driven. Button was involved in a serious accident at the 2003 Monaco Grand Prix before returning two weeks later . 'Competitiveness is impossible to say, but in terms of feel and how the car is and what you want it to do, it does everything right and a lot better than last year,' assessed Button. 'This car is very different in that it does what you hope it will do, which is very important for myself, and also for Fernando as far as I can see. 'The basic philosophy of the car and idea of the aerodynamics and how it works is definitely right. I haven't driven a McLaren like this before, not in the way it works. 'I'm not saying it's the quickest McLaren I have ever driven, because it's not, but in the way it works, the basic car is very good.' McLaren reserve driver Kevin Magnussen will race in Alonso's absence at the Australian Grand Prix . Whilst Button is confident of finishing Sunday's race, he appreciates McLaren Honda are a long way off from challenging their main rivals. 'You are going to have doubts, and it would be stupid not to have doubts when you look at winter testing because we haven't completed a simulated race distance yet,' said Button. 'Yes, I do know it's going to be a tough start, but it's also very different. 'The last two years have not been the easiest seasons for us, but I think the difference with this year is the understanding there could be something very special on the horizon with McLaren Honda. Button looks on as the NSX concept vehicle at a Honda F1 Grand Prix press conference . 'The whole team is unbelievably excited about what could happen in the future. 'But we also understand there's a lot of work needed before we even start thinking too much about winning races, even podiums and fighting for the world championship. 'It's a great base for the future, but it is going to take time. It's not going to be an overnight thing.' | Fernando Alonso will miss F1 opener in Australia after suffering concussion during pre-season testing . McLaren team-mate Jenson Button understands the reasons for safety . British driver was involved in serious accident at 2003 Monaco Grand Prix . |
Where is Horsfieldia nervosa nervosa endemic to? | Horsfieldia nervosa is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo where it is confined to Sarawak. | Borneo |
Can you tell me about the history of sports in Philadelphia? | Philadelphia is one of thirteen cities that hosts teams in the "Big Four" major sports leagues in North America, and Philadelphia is one of just four cities in which one team from every league plays within city limits. These major sports teams are the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB), the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL), the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League (NHL). Each team has played in Philadelphia since at least the 1960s, and each team has won at least two championships. Since 2010, the Greater Philadelphia area also has been the home of the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer (MLS), making the Philadelphia market one of only nine cities that hosts a team in the five major sports leagues. Prior to the 1980s, Philadelphia was home to several other notable professional franchises, including the Philadelphia Athletics, the Frankford Yellow Jackets, the Philadelphia Warriors, the Philadelphia Quakers, Philadelphia Atoms, and the Philadelphia Field Club. | Philadelphia host teams in the 4 major sport leagues. Over the years, there has been varying success from the teams. In some years, there have been teams at the bottom of the league. Most years, teams are within reach of the league championship. Philadelphia Phillies and Philadelphia Eagles have been teams with the most success with both teams ending as runner up to the league championship. The Philadelphia Sixers has been a top tier team but has not been able to get past the second round of playoffs in the last few years. Philadelphia sports fans are notoriously loyal, demanding of their players and aggressive against fans of opposing team fans. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A police department employee will be fired and two suspended after being identified by a Justice Department report as sending racist emails, the mayor of Ferguson told reporters. Mayor James Knowles made the announcement Wednesday after Attorney General Eric Holder said the report showed police created a 'highly toxic environment' in Ferguson. 'Let me be clear, this type of behavior will not be tolerated in the Ferguson Police Department or in any department in the city of Ferguson,' Knowles said at the conference. Scroll down for video . Not tolerated: Ferguson Mayor James Knowles announced the firing of one police department employee identified among those who sent racist emails . Seven emails included in the report showed police and court officials making racist jokes, including one that said Obama wouldn't remain president long, remarking 'what black man holds a steady job for four years.' The mayor did not take any questions at the presser, and though Ferguson Police Chief Tom Jackson had been expected to attend, no explanation was given for his absence. The Justice Department investigation into Ferguson police began in August after the shooting of unarmed African-American teen Michael Brown by a white officer sparked national protests. Analysis of more than 35,000 pages of police records found racist comments from officers as well as statistics that showed African-Americans make up 93 percent of arrests while accounting for only 67 percent of the population in Ferguson, an unnamed department official said. The Department of Justice report also found that 88 per cent of people against whom police used excessive force were black. According to figures recorded between 2012 and 2014, blacks were also twice as likely to be searched than whites during traffic stops, though contraband showed up more during searches of white drivers. A Justice Department investigation has found patterns of racial bias in the Ferguson police department and at the municipal jail and court. The full report will be publicly released March 4 . Justice Department staff interviewed hundreds of average citizens as part of the six-month probe, concluding that a large portion of Ferguson's population mistrusts the local police force and considers it illegitimate . Report will show that 88 per cent of people against whom police used excessive force were African-American . Holder also said that charges for minor violations such as 'manner of walking in roadway' disproportionately affected black residents and were used 'not as a public service, but as a tool for raising revenue.' Nationwide protests of police actions that resulted in deaths of African Americans in Ferguson, New York and Cleveland laid bare racial tensions and what President Barack Obama called 'simmering distrust' between police and communities. Black offenders are also less likely to have their cases dismissed by a municipal judge and they are more likely to be taken into custody on outstanding warrants during traffic stops, compared to their white counterparts. Justice Department officials found from 2012 to 2014 that black motorists in Ferguson, Missouri, were more than twice as likely as whites to be searched in traffic stops, even though they were 26 per cent less likely to be found carrying contraband. African-Americans were 68 per cent less likely than others to have their cases dismissed by a municipal court judge. And from April to September of last year, 95 per cent of people kept at the city jail for more than two days were black, the six-month inquiry found. Of the cases in which the police department documented the use of force, 88 per cent involved blacks, and victims of the 14 dog bites recorded by the department all were black. Overall, African Americans make up 67 per cent of the population of Ferguson, about 10 miles north of downtown St. Louis. The Justice Department plans to use the findings to negotiate policy changes with Ferguson officials and enter a consent decree, or to sue the city to force change. Previous federal investigations into police departments have resulted in such changes as reporting arrest data to the Justice Department and installing federal monitors to oversee operations. The report's findings vindicate critics who have cited a pattern of abuse in Ferguson. But they are unlikely to restore full trust in the Ferguson police by citizens who were angered when a grand jury decided not to indict Brown's killer, officer Darren Wilson. After a separate investigation, the Justice Department decided not to pursue federal charges against Darren Wilson, who has said he acted in self-defense. Civil rights attorney Jerryl Christmas, who has represented people who have clashed with Ferguson police and city officials, said he was not surprised by the findings, and he hopes to see Ferguson Police Chief Tom Jackson fired. 'We already knew all this was going on. The problem is nobody is being prosecuted, nobody has been terminated,' Christmas said. Jackson did not respond to a request for comment. Among the emails was one sent sent by a Ferguson police or municipal court official in 2008 that said Obama would not stay in office long because, 'What black man holds a steady job for four years?' Another electronic missive, written in 2011, included an offensive joke: 'An African-American woman in New Orleans was admitted into the the hospital for a pregnancy termination. Two weeks later she received a check for $5,000. She phoned the hospital to ask who it was from. The hospital said, "Crimestoppers."' Ferguson Committeewoman Patricia Bynes said she was outraged by that and other racially tinged emails found in the investigation. Biased: The investigation found Ferguson officers too often charged blacks with petty offenses . 'The fact that police officers and municipal court officials are using their public emails to tell racial jokes, that just reeks of arrogance and ignorance,' said Bynes. 'It's astounding. They think they are untouchable. The taxpayers have been paying for that racial bias.' A separate report to be issued soon is expected to clear Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson of federal civil rights charges in the Brown killing . The official said that in Ferguson's court system, African-Americans were less likely to have their cases dismissed by a municipal judge and made up 95 percent of people held longer than two days in the Ferguson jail. The Ferguson Municipal Court issued the majority of its warrants for minor violations such as parking, traffic and housing code violations. The physical tussle that led to Brown's death began after Wilson told him and a friend to move from the street to the sidewalk. Ben Crump, the attorney for the Brown family, said that if the reports about the findings are true, they 'confirm what Michael Brown's family has believed all along.' 'That is that the tragic killing of an unarmed 18-year-old black teenager was part of a systemic pattern of inappropriate policing of African-American citizens in the Ferguson community.' Since 2010, according to the federal agency, Ferguson courts have raked in more than $442,000 in fines for failure to appear, which amounted to a quarter of the court's annual revenue, reported the St Louis Post Dispatch. The onerous 'failure to appear' charge, which disproportionately affected those living close to and below the poverty line, was dropped by the city in September. Mayor James Knowles made statements earlier expressing dissatisfaction with the Justice Department investigation, according to USA Today. 'I'm not comfortable that Eric Holder announced that there would be wholesale changes before he started collecting any evidence,' Knowles said. 'If the DOJ has some serious findings, I hope they will provide that to us.' John Gaskin III, a St. Louis community activist, praised the findings, saying 'Ferguson police have to see the light in how they deal with people of color. 'It's quite evident that change is coming down the pike. This is encouraging,' he said. 'It's so unfortunate that Michael Brown had to be killed. But in spite of that, I feel justice is coming.' | Ferguson mayor James Knowles announced the termination at a press conference Wednesday . Emails found by the Justice Department included jokes about the president and first lady . One email said Obama wouldn't be president for very long because 'what black man holds a steady job for four years' From April to September, 95 per cent of people kept at the city jail for more than two days were black . Report shows that 88 per cent of people against whom police used excessive force were African-Americans . The report was released as the Justice Department decided not to pursue charges against Darren Wilson . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Four years. At least 220,000 people killed -- more than one every 10 minutes. Millions displaced. The Syrian civil war is a human calamity and it's getting worse, according to a furious new report from more than 20 aid groups. U.N. Security Council resolutions aimed at protecting civilians caught up in the conflict have failed miserably, the humanitarian organizations say in the report released Thursday. "This spiraling catastrophe is a stain on the conscience of the international community," says the report, whose signatories include Oxfam and Save the Children. "We're worried that, as we approach the fourth anniversary, this could turn into a situation of acceptance -- 'Oh, that's just the way it is over there' -- and that mustn't be," Nigel Timmins, deputy director for Oxfam Great Britain, told CNN. It highlights the paltry results of a Security Council resolution passed in February 2014 that called for an increase in humanitarian aid, a halt to attacks on civilians, an end to kidnapping and torture and the lifting of sieges of populated areas. "In the 12 months since Resolution 2139 was passed, civilians in Syria have witnessed ever-increasing destruction, suffering and death," the report says. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a London-based monitoring group, has reported that 2014 was the deadliest year so far in the grinding conflict that began in March 2011 as an uprising against the regime of President Bashar al-Assad and splintered into a chaotic civil war. More than 76,000 people were killed in the violence in Syria last year, nearly 18,000 of them civilians, according to the observatory. The conflict has brought allegations of atrocities carried out by al-Assad's forces and enabled ISIS' savage rule over parts of the country. Attempts at peace talks involving the government and opposition have so far gone nowhere. As the war threatens to sow further chaos in the region, the United States and its allies are bombing ISIS targets in Syria and working to arm and train rebel groups. The aid groups' report, entitled "Failing Syria," reeled off a list of worsening problems reported by international agencies: . The report called on Security Council members to "use their influence with the warring parties and their financial resources to put an end to the suffering of Syrian civilians." In Washington, a group of Syrian Americans and other supporters gathered near the White House on Wednesday to mark the four years of bloodshed and read the names of 100,000 people who were killed in the violence. A U.N. aid official told CNN of the crisis unfolding at one particular refugee camp in Syria that he had just visited. "What I saw yesterday really shattered and devastated me," said Pierre Krahenbuhl, the head of of the U.N. Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees who has been working in conflict zones for 20 years. Around 18,000 Palestinian refugees in the Yarmouk camp are in "dire" need of food and health aid, he said Wednesday, describing seeing enfeebled men and a fainting pregnant woman waiting for assistance. The ongoing conflict is adding to the plight of the camp's inhabitants. "You have inside the camp a number of armed groups and of course you then have government armed forces around it," Krahenbuhl said. "There is this link between the presence of armed groups inside and the suffering taking place." | Report: Syrian conflict is "a stain on the conscience of the international community" U.N. resolutions aimed at helping civilians have failed to change the situation, it says . At least 220,000 people are estimated to have been killed in four years of war . |
What is a small-world network? | A small-world network is a mathematical graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but the neighbors of any given node are likely to be neighbors of each other. Due to this, most neighboring nodes can be reached from every other node by a small number of hops or steps. Specifically, a small-world network is defined to be a network where the typical distance L between two randomly chosen nodes (the number of steps required) grows proportionally to the logarithm of the number of nodes N in the network. | A small-world network is a mathematical graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but the neighbors of any given node are likely to be neighbors of each other. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Southampton winger Lloyd Isgrove has joined Sheffield Wednesday on an emergency loan deal until the end of the season. The pacy 22-year-old, is another product of the club's famed youth academy, and joins The Owls soon after signing a new two-year-contract extension at St Mary's. The Wales Under-21 international has made four appearances for the Southampton first-team this season and came off the bench in their opening game of the campaign against Liverpool at Anfield. Southampton winger Lloyd Isgrove, 22, has joined Championship side Sheffield Wednesday on loan . Isgrove, pictured here against Ipswich, has made four appearances for Southampton's first-team this season . Wednesday, who are managed by one-time Southampton manager Stuart Gray, are currently 12th in the Sky Bet Championship table with nine games left to go. Isgrove joins his new club in time for a possible debut in Saturday's Yorkshire derby away at Rotherham United. Les Reed, Southampton's director of football, told Saintsfc.co.uk: 'This is a great opportunity for Lloyd to demonstrate his prowess at a Championship club and get some more valuable first-team experience.' Southampton director of football Les Reed hopes that Isgrove will benefit from playing regularly on loan . | Lloyd Isgrove has joined Sheffield Wednesday until the end of the season . The 22-year-old Southampton winger is a product of the club's academy . He has made four appearances for the Saints' first-team this season . Southampton director of football Les Reed hopes the loan deal will help him . |
When was the Goan civil code established? | The Goa Civil Code, also called the Goa Family Law, is the set of civil laws that governs the residents of the Indian state of Goa. The Goan civil code was introduced after Portuguese Goa and Damaon were elevated from being mere Portuguese colonies to the status of a Província Ultramarina (Overseas possession) in 1869 AD. The Goan civil code is a Indianised variant of Portuguese legal system that draws largely from Code Napoleon, a common legal system in a number of Continental European nations, Indian law mostly derives from English common law that was formulated and applied in British India, and remains pegged to developments in the "Charter of the British Commonwealth". With a number of amendments, post the Partition of India, Indian laws as a whole, have religion-specific civil codes that separately govern adherents of different religions; (like the Muslim and Hindu personal laws,) and also has caste reservations. Goa and Damaon are an exception to that rule, in that a single code governs all the native Goans and the native Damanese of Damaon, Diu& Silvassa, irrespective of affiliation to religion, ethnicity& social strata. The English translation of the civil code| is available on the Government of Goa's e-Gazette| dated 19/10/2018. | It was established in 1869 AD after the Portuguese Goa and Damaon were no longer considered colonies. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)From an iconic marble statue of a heavily pregnant disabled artist to the more recent giant blue cockerel, London's Fourth Plinth art project has always provided a controversial modern twist to the traditional landmarks around London's Trafalgar Square. The latest offering, "Gift Horse," which took up residence in the Square's northwest corner Thursday, looks set to continue the tradition with a work that explores the link between power, money and history, according to organizers. Unveiled by London's Mayor Boris Johnson, the sculpture created by German-born conceptual artist Hans Haacke portrays a skeletal riderless horse with an ribbon-shaped electronic ticker tied to its left leg showing live market data from London's Stock Exchange. "'Gift Horse' is a startlingly original comment on the relationship between art and commerce and I hope it will stimulate as much debate as other works that have appeared on the plinth," Johnson said. The 13-feet high bronze skeleton is a "wry comment," organizers say, on the equestrian statue of King William IV originally planned, but never realized for the plinth more than 150 years ago. Further nods to the past and the sculpture's location can be found in the pose which is based on the engraving "The Anatomy of a Horse" by English artist George Stubbs, whose famous equine portraits hang on the walls of the National Gallery on Trafalgar Square's north side. One of London's most famous landmarks, Trafalgar Square is popular with tourists. Named after a famed 1805 British naval victory against the French, its centerpiece is a column commemorating Lord Horatio Nelson, who died during the conflict. In a career spanning half-a-century, Haacke has frequently explored the interconnectedness of art, power and money through installations, paintings, photography and written text. Many of Haacke's most famous works have explored systems, be it physical -- as evidenced by his famous 1960s work "Condensation Cube" -- or the social and political as seen in "MoMA Poll" (1970), "A Breed Apart" (1978) and more recently his "Der Bevölkerung" (The People) installed in Germany's Reichstag building in Berlin in 2000. "It's a very prominent spot," said the 78-year-old, reflecting on the "Gift Horse's" positioning in Trafalgar Square, "It's very beautiful. Everybody sees it." "There are other statues and the idea of having the empty plinth which has been made available periodically for artists is a great idea," added Haacke. Around Trafalgar Square there was mixed reaction to the sculpture. "It definitely doesn't look like a horse's head, does it? Looks more dinosaur-ish to me," said a slightly baffled female day-tripper from Wales, while another tourist seemed equally confused. "My first impression was that it looked like an alien, because you see it and then you think, huh? What is it?" said Toni, visiting from Switzerland. Local reaction was more positive though. "I just think it's very witty," said Londoner Tony Francis. "I can see the (George) Stubbs influence. And I love the Stock Exchange (ribbon) scrolling round and the way they merge into each other." "Gift Horse" is the 10th artwork to sit on the plinth and follows the "Hahn/Cock," created by German artist Katharina Fritsch which was in residence from July 2013 to February this year. | A new sculpture for Trafalgar Square's Fourth Plinth unveiled Thursday . 'Gift Horse' by German-born artist Hans Haacke will sit on plinth for 18 months . Haacke's is the 10th artwork to be displayed on the plinth . |
Given a reference text about phrynobatrachus tokba, what are common names for it? | Phrynobatrachus tokba is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is found in West Africa from Ghana westward to Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau. Common names Tokba river frog, Tokba puddle frog, and—when referring to the formerly recognized Phrynobatrachus alticola, forest river frog—have been proposed for it. | Common names for Phrynobatrachus tokba are Tokba river frog, Tokba puddle frog, and forest river frog. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The trailer for Lena Dunham's new documentary about Hilary Knight, the artist who illustrated the famed Eloise children's books, has been unveiled, five weeks after it was screened at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival. The 36-minute HBO film, which profiles the esteemed 88-year-old New Yorker and his storied career, first came about in 2013 after Mr Knight heard that Miss Dunham, 28, had a tattoo of Eloise on her back, and wrote to the Girls creator to initiate contact. Miss Dunham, who made It's Me, Hilary: The Man Who Drew Eloise with her Girls co-producer Jenni Konner, has long cherished the popular book series, written in the 50s by author Kay Thompson and chronicling the misadventures of a precocious six-year-old girl who lives in New York's Plaza Hotel. Scroll down for video . Trailer: The HBO documentary, in which Lena Dunham (L) profiles Eloise illustrator Hilary Knight, 88, first came about after he contacted the Girls star about the tattoo of the fictional character she has on her back (R) The trailer hints at the close friendship which ultimately formed between Miss Dunham and Mr Knight, showing them larking around and filming one another, Miss Dunham in one clip donning an Eloise-style wig. Speaking to The Hollywood Reporter, the famed illustrator said of Miss Dunham: 'It was as though I had known her all my life. We totally bonded.' Miss Dunham admits she closely relates to the fictional character Mr Knight brought to life all those years ago. 'Eloise is the p****d off little riot girl in all of us,' she says fondly, while the film's director Matt Wolfe describes Eloise as 'a punky feminist icon from the 50s, drawn by a man in his mid-twenties '. Bond: The trailer hints at the close friendship which ultimately formed between Miss Dunham and Mr Knight, showing them larking around with Miss Dunham donning an Eloise-style wig (pictured) Kindred spirit: Mr Knight (L) wrote to Miss Dunham (R) in February 2013 and praised her as a 'smart, sassy fan' who 'definitely understands' Eloise's character . According to the film's synopsis, Mr Knight is 'as remarkable a character' as Eloise herself. 'Temperamental, flamboyant, on the one hand fiercely private and on the other desperate to make his legacy known', it states. 'What emerges is a portrait of an artist stunted by early success and haunted by personal failures, and deeply devoted to his most famous creation'. Team: Miss Dunham (C) made the film with her Girls co-producer Jenni Konner (L) and director Matt Wolfe (R) Still popular: The classic children's book series was penned by author Kay Thompson in the 50s . The film also touches on Mr Knight's lengthy battle with Eloise's author, Kay Thompson, over the rights to the character. Ms Thompson, who lived in the Plaza herself and is speculated to have based Eloise on her goddaughter, Liza Minnelli, died in 1998 at the age of 88. Mr Knight wrote to Miss Dunham about her Eloise tattoo in February 2013. His later stated: 'First, I must say how pleased I am for you and all your awards and new plans. 'To know a smart, sassy fan who definitely understands this child is a thrill for me.' The tattoo in question was Miss Dunham's very first inking, which she had done in a New Mexico strip mall when she was 17. 'That was my first tattoo because it felt like the only thing that I knew I would never get sick of,' she told The New York Daily News last month at the film's Sundance premiere. 'My childhood affinity for her never wavered, and I felt so connected to the character, and tattoos are about self-expression and self-knowledge, and that seemed like the perfect entrée into this.' It's Me, Hilary: The Man Who Drew Eloise premieres on HBO March 23 at 9pm. | The 36-minute film, It's Me, Hilary: The Man Who Drew Eloise, premieres on HBO on March 23 . Produced by Girls creator Lena Dunham, it profiles the life of Hilary Knight, who illustrated the popular Eloise children's book series in the 50s . Mr Knight approached Miss Dunham in 2013 after hearing about the tattoo she has of Eloise on her back, igniting a close friendship . |
From the passage provided, list the traits which are often associated with Procrastination (in a comma separated manner). | Procrastination is the action of unnecessarily and voluntarily delaying or postponing something despite knowing that there will be negative consequences for doing so. The word has originated from the Latin word procrastinatus, which itself evolved from the prefix pro-, meaning "forward," and crastinus, meaning "of tomorrow." Oftentimes, it is a habitual human behaviour. It is a common human experience involving delay in everyday chores or even putting off salient tasks such as attending an appointment, submitting a job report or academic assignment, or broaching a stressful issue with a partner. Although typically perceived as a negative trait due to its hindering effect on one's productivity often associated with depression, low self-esteem, guilt and inadequacy, it can also be considered a wise response to certain demands that could present risky or negative outcomes or require waiting for new information to arrive.
From a cultural and a social perspective, students from both Western and non-Western cultures are found to exhibit academic procrastination, but for different reasons. Students from Western cultures tend to procrastinate in order to avoid doing worse than they have done before or from failing to learn as much as they should have, whereas students from non-Western cultures tend to procrastinate in order to avoid looking incompetent, or to avoid demonstrating a lack of ability in front of their peers. It is also important to consider how different cultural perspectives of time management can impact procrastination. For example, in cultures that have a multi-active view of time, people tend to place a higher value on making sure a job is done accurately before finishing. In cultures with a linear view of time, people tend to designate a certain amount of time on a task and stop once the allotted time has expired. | Based on the passage provided, here are the traits which are often associated with Procrastination: depression, low self-esteem, guilt, inadequacy. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Des Moines, Iowa (CNN)For Iowa's economy, corn is everything. So it's no surprise that the Republican governor and other powerful voices in state agribusiness are vocal backers of the Renewable Fuel Standard, a federal rule that requires gasoline to be comprised of up to 10% in renewable fuels. One of those is ethanol -- with corn often a key ingredient. "Don't mess with the RFS," Gov. Terry Branstad said Saturday, offering a not so subtle warning as he kicked off a daylong agriculture summit that featured a string of likely Republican presidential candidates. The RFS is a major issue that White House hopefuls are forced to address whenever they visit the No. 1 corn-producing state that also goes first in the presidential nominating calendar. But it's a less popular policy for small government conservatives, who decry the mandate as federal overreach in the private sector. In his first 2016 visit to Iowa, Jeb Bush sought to delicately explain his desire to see the RFS disappear over time. "The market's ultimately going to have to decide this," he told the audience at the event, which took place at the Iowa State Fairgrounds. Bush acknowledged that the mandate, which passed in 2007, has helped lower dependence on foreign oil and boost corn-heavy economies. "But as we move forward over the long haul, there should be certainty for people to invest," he argued, saying ethanol will no longer need help from the government. "So at some point we'll see a reduction of the RFS need, because ethanol will be such a valuable part of the energy feedstock for our country." He declined, however, to suggest when exactly that may happen. In his remarks, Bush also defended his position in favor of legal status for undocumented immigrants after they meet a wide set of requirements. And while attending a fundraiser Friday night in Des Moines, he stood by his support for Common Core, the controversial testing standards that have become a point of contention for conservatives. Election 2016: Jeb Bush makes his first Iowa foray . Bush's frank statements on the RFS and his defense of some of his most controversial views indicated that the former Florida governor plans on sticking with his positions as he gets ready to hit the campaign trail, no matter how unpopular they may be to certain audiences. Still, he was not totally immune to at least some pandering. Bush told the crowd that he'll be cooking some "Iowa beef" Sunday when he's back home with his family in Florida, adding that he'll probably make some "really good guacamole," too. Talking about campaigning for his father's presidential campaigns in Iowa, Bush said he went to at least 50 counties. "I remember eating really well -- eating really, really well." With a John Deere tractor towering near the stage, each candidate sat on stage for a 20-minute Q&A with Bruce Rastetter, an agribusiness entrepreneur and major Republican donor in Iowa. The audience of close to 1,200 was comprised largely of farmers and other leaders in the agriculture industry. While Bush took a mild approach to the RFS, Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas flat out opposed it, saying Washington shouldn't be "picking winners and losers." "I have every bit of faith that businesses can continue to compete and continue to do well without having to go on bended knee asking for subsidies, asking for special favors," he said. "I think that's how we got in this problem to begin win." Ethanol proponents argue that because oil companies own gas stations, consumers are unable to access ethanol and therefore it needs the government's support to break through oil's stronghold of the market. Cruz acknowledged that his view wouldn't be well-received, but tried to argue that it proved his authenticity. "Look, I recognize that this is a gathering of a lot of folks who the answer you'd like me to give is, 'I'm for the RFS, darn it.' That'd be the easy thing to do. But I'll tell ya, people are pretty fed up, I think, with politicians that run around and tell one group one thing, tell another group another thing." Former Texas Gov. Rick Perry took a similar stance and defended his decision to request a waiver that would exempt Texas from the federal mandate. If individual states want to require that ethanol be used in gasoline, that's fine, he said, but not the federal government. "I philosophically don't agree that Washington, D.C. needs to be making these decision that affect ... our agriculture industry," Perry said. Other contenders offered entirely opposite positions. New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, for example, said he "absolutely" supports the RFS. "That's what the law requires. So let's make sure we comply with the law. That should be the minimum," he said, drawing applause from the crowd. Rick Santorum, who won the Iowa caucuses in 2012, ticked off what he called a "laundry list" of benefits, including more energy independence and more jobs for farmers. "It is very important for rural Americans," said the former senator from Pennsylvania. For his part, Mike Huckabee argued that the ethanol mandate was a matter of national security. "America needs to do three things to be free: feed itself, fuel itself, fight for itself," the former Arkansas governor said, adding that relying on foreign governments for energy leads to a weakened United States. Huckabee, who won the Iowa caucuses in 2008, hit back at criticism that politicians like him simply support the RFS for political reasons. "The decisions are made not just frankly for what's best for Iowa -- that's not the rationale. You can't make a decision and say, 'It's good for Iowa. Gee, they're the caucus state, we better suck up to them.' We better make decisions that are good for every consumer," he said. Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker, who's had a strong showing in polls since he visited the state in January, made clear that while he's generally a free market guy, he believes ethanol is being blocked from consumers and needs government assistance. "Right now, we don't have a free and open marketplace, and so that's why I'm willing to take that position," he said. But, similar to Bush, Walker said that he expects ethanol can one day compete openly and "you no longer need in the industry to have these subsidies." The audience at Saturday's event was largely subdued, given the tone and dialogue of the summit was more substance, less red meat. Those who supported the RFS, however, received a strong response from the crowd. As for those who opposed it, Bill Couser, who co-chairs a campaign called America's Renewable Future which pushes the ethanol mandate, said he's not ready to write anyone off quite yet. But those candidates can expect to hear a lot more from him in the coming months. "Maybe I didn't like a few of their answers, but it's going to give me some time to go help them understand the issues," he said. | Iowa politicians, residents very protective of corn's role in their economy . GOP presidential hopefuls take up hot topic of ethanol, used in motor vehicles . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Burnley boss Sean Dyche believes dressing-room spats between players are 'a natural occurrence' at the highest level. Manchester City visit Turf Moor on Saturday at the end of a week where the club have been forced to play down reports that captain Vincent Kompany was dropped following a bust-up with team-mate Fernandinho. The row allegedly came at half-time during their defeat by Liverpool earlier this month, with neither player in the starting line-up for the clash with Leicester three days later. Vincent Kompany (left) and Fernandinho (right) were involved in a dressing-room row at Liverpool . But Dyche dismissed suggestions it was a good time to face City and can understand why passions occasionally run too high. He said: 'I think it's a natural occurrence. You've got highly-talented, highly-motivated people, all in a working environment that's very challenging. 'Everyone wants a shirt, everyone wants to play, and also, I can only imagine, at that level you're borderline into 25 mini companies. It's not just players, you're dealing with the whole shebang - PR consultants, agents, PAs, who knows what else. 'I imagine it's like having 25 CEOs and trying to align them all with whatever the bigger picture is. There's always going to be challenges because they're powerful-minded people, which is why they're at the top of the game.' Kompany was dropped to the bench when Manchester City hosted Leicester City . Burnley are without a win in two months and sit second bottom of the Premier League table, three points from safety. But City and manager Manuel Pellegrini will certainly not underestimate the Clarets after their stunning performance at the Etihad in December, when they fought back from 2-0 down to claim a draw. Dyche said: 'They've got some fantastic players. We experienced that once before, we gave a good performance and I think overall deserved a point out of the game. But that doesn't guarantee us anything this time around. 'They're a highly-motivated group of players, still in the hunt, still right up there, very experienced and a fantastic manager, so obviously it's a big challenge once again.' Kompany attempts to tackle Raheem Sterling during City's 2-1 defeat by Liverpool . Dyche added to his squad this week with the recruitment on a three-year deal of Norwegian midfielder Fredrik Ulvestad. The Burnley boss has been keen for the club to expand their scouting network into Europe and signed 22-year-old Ulvestad after a two-week trial. The Clarets were already short in midfield before Dean Marney was ruled out for the season with a knee injury last month but Dyche insisted Ulvestad will not be rushed. 'He wanted to come in and I think it's a good way of doing business because he gets a chance to have a look at us and we can have a look at him, and he fitted in straight away,' said the Burnley boss. 'That was probably the key thing. Sometimes players who are with you and are not part of the group, they look not part of the group, but he fitted in seamlessly and we thought there was more to come from him, so that's why we signed him. Burnley boss Sean Dyche can understand why passions occasionally run too high . 'At the moment it's that cooling-off period, getting used to how we work. I don't know that much about the Norwegian league but I know it's not the Premier League. 'He's been to a couple of games so he knows how we operate and how the Premier League operates. We're looking forward to him working with us and developing further. 'We have been light in midfield but that's not why Freddie's come in, because if it was he'd have to operate immediately. We think there's more to come going forwards than right now. 'If he's needed this season and we think he's ready, then that's different, but he's only been in the building a couple of weeks, so we'll see how he continues getting used to what it is to be here and obviously then looking at the idea of being in the first team, but there's no rushing that situation.' | Captain Vincent Kompany had a bust-up with team-mate Fernandinho . The row allegedly came at half-time during their defeat by Liverpool . Neither player was in starting line-up to face Leicester three days later . |
Given this paragraph about Robert Russell, what is he known for? | In 1839, Russell designed St James Old Cathedral, the oldest building in Melbourne (though moved just outside the city grid in 1914) and one of the very few pre-Gold Rush buildings in the city.
Russell later practised as an architect in Melbourne until he was forced to retire by old age. He kept his mind to the last and died at Richmond, Melbourne, on 10 April 1900, aged 92. He married and was survived by two sons and two daughters.
In addition to being an architect and surveyor Russell did 'extensive work as a sketcher, amateur photographer, etcher, lithographer (and) carver'. He did valuable work as an amateur artist by preserving many original sketches of Melbourne in its early years, in both water-colour and pencil and in 1952 an exhibition of his 'lost paintings' was held at the Tye gallery in Melbourne Russell's artwork is in the collections of the State Library of Victoria, National Gallery of Victoria, the National Library of Australia and the State Library of New South Wales. There is a portrait of him in old age painted c1890 by Frederick McCubbin in the collection of the National Library of Australia.
In 1969, the Victorian chapter of the Australian Institute of Architects named their St. Kilda Road property 'Robert Russell House' in recognition of his work. | Rober Russell was an architect, surveyor and amateur artist who designed the oldest building in Melbourne, Australia, i.e., St James Old Cathedral in 1839. His art work including numerous sketches of Melbourne in the 1800s is on display in various galleries and museums in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia, such as the State Library of Victoria, National Gallery of Victoria, the National Library of Australia and the State Library of New South Wales. |
Given a reference text about George Koukou, tell me when he was arrested and why. | George Koukou (born 25 May 1945) was acting Speaker of the National Transitional Legislative Assembly of Liberia from 17 March 2005 to January 2006. Originally from Nimba County, he now resides in the capital city of Monrovia. He is a member of the Mano ethnic group.
Prior to becoming a member of the National Transitional Legislative Assembly, Koukou was a senator from Nimba County. Koukou replaced George Dweh as Speaker of the transitional legislature on 17 March 2005 after Dweh was suspended indefinitely on 14 March for spending money without proper authorization.
On 17 July 2007, Koukou was arrested along with several others, including former army chief of staff Charles Julue, for alleged participation in a coup plot against President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. He and Julu were charged with treason. Koukou claimed that he did not have the money to hire a lawyer. On 27 August, Monrovia Magistrate Court Judge Milton Taylor ruled that his court could not try Koukou because treason was above its jurisdiction, and he transferred the trial to Criminal Court "A". | George Koukou was arrested on July 17, 2007 for allegedly participating in a coup against President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Brendan Rodgers took radical steps to transform Liverpool’s season as he feared a failure to do so would leave him in danger of being sacked. Liverpool’s fortunes have transformed since Rodgers drastically switched his side’s system to an attack-minded 3-4-3 formation in December; they are the form team in the Barclays Premier League, having taken 27 points from the last 33. The memory of how bad things were in November, though, has not left Rodgers and he has admitted that his experience at Reading, when he was axed in December 2009 after just 20 matches in charge, triggered his decision to rip things up and start again. Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers speaks to his coaches during a training session at Melwood . The former Swansea City manager shares a joke with Ivorian defender Kolo Toure in training . Rodgers chats to England full back Glen Johnson during the training session at Melwood . Rodgers is highly-regarded by Fenway Sports Group, Liverpool’s owners, and he signed a new long-term contract last May but the 42-year-old knows none of that would have mattered had his side’s results continued on a downward spiral. ‘I certainly wasn’t going to roll over and die,’ said Rodgers, whose side face Burnley On Wednesday. ‘I love it here and I want to be successful. But after the Crystal Palace game (in November when Liverpool lost 3-1) in particular, I felt "it doesn’t matter how much support you have, the team is not functioning". ‘It could not go on, really. My experience at Reading told me that. That’s what I learned from that sacking. I went in with the full backing of the chairman, who was great to me. Even though it was a three-year project and they wanted me there, I got the sack after 20 games. ‘I learnt that it does not matter how much support you have in the boardroom, you have to get results – and you have to win. So I needed to make sure that I was going to make decisions which would allow us to get back to at least somewhere near where we were. Liverpool beat Premier League champions Manchester City 2-1 in their last league outing . Midfielders Jordan Henderson and Philippe Coutinho both scored brilliant goals during the win . Rodgers admitted the fear of being sacked had driven him on to turn the club's results around . ‘I think the transformation in the team has been really good to see; to see the confidence, and everyone talking about the system and how dynamic it is, and the fluency. I should have done it earlier! I am an innovative coach and I needed to find a way to make us play better.’ At the lowest point in the campaign, when Liverpool tumbled out of the Champions League and were playing predictably, Rodgers’ was noticeably subdued, particularly before they drew at home to Basel in December. He needed to lift himself as much as his players. ‘We had a huge challenge, probably the biggest I have had as a coach or manager,’ said Rodgers. ‘We had no identity and everyone could see it. We just weren’t the team I had created over a couple of years with an identity for the way we played. ‘I knew I had to do something radical because I had seen enough of the players to know we were not going to be able to shape up and work and play as we had done for the previous couple of years with what we had got. It just wasn’t happening and that eats away at you.’ | Brendan Rodgers enjoys a good relationship with Liverpool's owners . But he admitted that if results hadn't improved, he could have been sacked . Rodgers said he was sacked by Reading despite being backed by board . The Liverpool boss said it taught him to adapt when times were tough . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Andy Murray led a chorus of tennis players giving drugs cheat Wayne Odesnik a send-off after the American player was effectively banned for life for committing another doping offence. The American journeyman was handed a 15-year ban after being found to have taken several banned substances, including steroids, in out-of-competition tests carried out in December and January. The severity of the ban for the 29-year-old world No 267 owes itself to Odesnik already having been given a two-year ban when he was found in 2010 by Australian customs officials to be importing vials of human growth hormone at Melbourne Airport. American tennis player Wayne Odesnik has been banned for 15 years after a second doping violation . ‘Goodbye Wayne … good riddance,’ tweeted Murray, who has been among the more vociferous players calling for an extension of anti-doping measures in tennis. Andy Roddick joined in the condemnation of Odesnik who, even before 2010, was deeply unpopular in the locker room. He tweeted: ‘My feelings are that he’s a d*****bag and I hate that he has a US flag to his name when he’s cheating, good riddance.’ Veteran British doubles player Jamie Delgado chimed in: ‘Wayne Odesnik cheats again, what a joke. Get out of the sport mate.’ Murray later beat Adrian Mannarino 6-3, 6-3 at the BNP Paribas Open and will face Spain’s Feliciano Lopez in the quarter-finals. It was Murray’s 496th win, equalling Tim Henman’s record for a British man in the Open Era. After his victory, Murray spoke further on Odesnik's ban. He told the BBC: 'I think it's a good thing for tennis that he's off the tour. Andy Murray tweeted 'bye bye Wayne... good riddance' before his win over Adrian Mannarino in Indian Wells . 'He was given a second chance in a way. He was a cheat so it is good for everyone involved in tennis that he's been dealt with in the right way. 'I think any doping in any sport is very bad. I think it's the job of the sports when cases do come up that they treat them very strictly and in the right way. 'I think [testing] is going in the right direction but I don't think it will ever be perfect.' Odesnik issued a statement maintaining his innocence, claiming he had accidentally ingested substances through taking an over-the-counter supplement, but he has little credit in the bank, especially after being linked to the notorious Biogenesis clinic in Florida two years ago. Tennis has stepped up its drug-testing regime and introduced a biological passport, but many still feel that a wealthy game should allocate more resources. The fact that Odesnik was initially caught this time in December shows the value of more expensive out-of-competition testing compared to the cheaper option of doing it at major tournaments, where it is most expected. | American tennis player Wayne Odesnik handed a 15-year ban . The 29-year-old tested positive for a number of banned substances . Suspension will last until January 29, 2030 . Andy Murray and Andy Roddick voice approval over the ban . |
From the paragraph provided, extract the mechanisms of heat transfer. | Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes. Engineers also consider the transfer of mass of differing chemical species (mass transfer in the form of advection), either cold or hot, to achieve heat transfer. While these mechanisms have distinct characteristics, they often occur simultaneously in the same system. | The mechanisms of heat transfer include thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes, although engineers also consider mass transfer in the form of advection a form of heat transfer. |
Given a reference text about Tiger Woods, tell me when they were born, what their real first name is, and what profession his niece has. | Woods was born on December 30, 1975, in Cypress, California, to Earl and Kultida "Tida" Woods. He is their only child, though he has two half-brothers and a half-sister from his father's first marriage. Earl was a retired U.S. Army officer and Vietnam War veteran; he was born to African-American parents and was also said to have had European, Native American, and possibly Chinese ancestry. Kultida (née Punsawad) is originally from Thailand, where Earl met her when he was on a tour of duty there in 1968. She is of mixed Thai, Chinese, and Dutch ancestry. In 2002, ESPN claimed: "For the record, he is one-quarter Thai, one-quarter Chinese, one-quarter Caucasian, one-eighth African American and one-eighth Native American." Tiger has described his ethnic make-up as "Cablinasian" (a syllabic abbreviation he coined from Caucasian, Black, American Indian, and Asian).
Woods's first name, Eldrick, was chosen by his mother because it began with "E" (for Earl) and ended with "K" (for Kultida). His middle name Tont is a traditional Thai name. He was nicknamed Tiger in honor of his father's friend, South Vietnamese Colonel Vuong Dang Phong, who had also been known as Tiger.
Woods has a niece, Cheyenne Woods, who played for the Wake Forest University golf team and turned professional in 2012 when she made her pro debut in the LPGA Championship.[ | Tiger Woods was borh on December 30, 1975. His real first name is "Eldrick". His niece, Cheyenne Woods, is a professional golfer. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Feeding time doesn't get much cuter than at this panda research centre in China. These adorable pictures show the baby pandas are more than happy to lie-back and feed themselves their bottle of milk, just like human babies, at the panda sanctuary in the Sichuan Province. Like after any large meal, one looks particularly sleepy and goes in for a cuddle from a staff member, clutching on as she carries it inside. Cute: Three giant panda cubs lie back on the grass and feed themselves milk from baby bottles at the Chengdu Panda Research Base . Cuddles: A young panda clutches on to a staff member, burying its head into her shoulder, while being carried at the research centre in China . The Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base – just outside the city of Chengdu – is home to 83 adults and cubs. Also known as the Chengdu Panda Base, the facility has been breeding and researching the huge black and white creatures since 1987. All gone: This fluffy little panda cub holds onto the empty bottle after feeding itself a helping of milk at the Chengdu Panda Research Base . It was created to imitate the pandas' natural habitat to give them the best possible environment for rearing and breeding. The not-for-profit research and breeding compound started with six giant pandas that were rescued from the wild. By 2008, it had already had 124 panda births. Along with the giant panda, the sanctuary is a refuge to other endangered species such as the red panda, the snow leopard, and the clouded leopard among the 109 species of mammals recorded. Close: These young pandas look close enough to kiss after climbing a tree together at the breeding sanctuary . Playful: The bears show the sharp claws that helped them scale a tree on the grounds of the Chengdu Panda Research Base, China . | Panda cubs are being well looked after as they clutch on to the milk bottles . Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base home to 83 adults and cubs . Giant pandas drink milk then have diet made up of 95% bamboo . |
Describe the video game crash of 1983 in 2 sentences. | The video game crash of 1983 (known as the Atari shock in Japan) was a large-scale recession in the video game industry that occurred from 1983 to 1985, primarily in the United States. The crash was attributed to several factors, including market saturation in the number of video game consoles and available games, many of which were of poor quality, as well as waning interest in console games in favor of personal computers. Home video game revenues peaked at around $3.2 billion in 1983, then fell to around $100 million by 1985 (a drop of almost 97 percent). The crash abruptly ended what is retrospectively considered the second generation of console video gaming in North America. To a lesser extent, the arcade video game market also weakened as the golden age of arcade video games came to an end.
Lasting about two years, the crash shook a then-booming video game industry and led to the bankruptcy of several companies producing home computers and video game consoles. Analysts of the time expressed doubts about the long-term viability of video game consoles and software.
The North American video game console industry recovered a few years later, mostly due to the widespread success of Nintendo's Western branding for its Famicom console, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), released in 1985. The NES was designed to avoid the missteps that caused the 1983 crash and the stigma associated with video games at that time. | Home video game revenues in North America declined from $3.2 billion in 1983 to around $100 million in 1985. This decline – which preceded the success of the Nintendo Entertainment System – is referred to as the video game crash of 1983. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester United winger Ashley Young hopes his recent form has been good enough to earn him an England recall. Young was tipped to leave Old Trafford last summer but much to many observers' surprise, he has been one of United's best players this season. England manager Roy Hodgson, who names his squad for the upcoming games against Lithuania and Italy on Thursday, was in the crowd at Old Trafford on Sunday to watch the midfielder star in United's 3-0 victory over Tottenham. Ashley Young has played well under Louis van Gaal at Manchester United and wants an England recall . The 30-cap winger has not played for England since September 2013 but his form could lead to a return . Young has not played for his country since September 2013, but he remains hopeful of earning his 31st cap in the near future. 'Fingers crossed I can get myself back into the England team,' the United winger said. 'I've always said that I want to represent my country. It's always an honour to play for England and hopefully I've done enough to get myself back in the squad.' Young's form has sparked rumours he will be offered a new contract. Young takes on Tottenham Hotspur's Nacer Chadli on the wing during United's 3-0 win at Old Trafford . His current deal expires at the end of next season, but he is not concerning himself with the matter at the moment. 'That's down to the chairman and manager to speak about,' he said. 'I'm just concentrating on my football. 'I'm not thinking about the length of my contract. I just want to do well in every game that I'm picked to play.' When asked whether he would consider leaving the club, the 29-year-old said: 'Of course not. I'm a United player and I've got a year left on my contract.' Young also said he is concentrating on his football rather than the prospect of a new United contract . | Ashley Young has been a first-team regular under manager Louis van Gaal . The 30-cap man has been a key player in Manchester United's team . Now Young hopes his good form will attract Roy Hodgson's attention . Young hopes to win more caps, the last of which was in September 2013 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)I met Kelly Gissendaner in January 2010 in a nondescript classroom at Metro State Prison for Women in Atlanta. She arrived for class beaming with excitement about the journey she was about to begin -- participation in a yearlong academic theology program sponsored jointly by four Atlanta seminaries. Since she has been sentenced to the death penalty and lives in solitary confinement, Kelly was particularly eager to share community with others, if only one morning a week. And she was grateful for the opportunity to explore the Bible and theology in a rigorous manner that would nurture and deepen her devotional life. That image of her on the first day of class remains vivid to me because it captures the core of who Kelly is — who she has become: someone full of contagious joy and gratitude, open to others and to new experiences for growth and ministry. Kelly's process of transformation began shortly after she arrived in prison following her conviction for murder in the death of her husband, Doug Gissendaner. A pastor began visiting her and initiated a series of difficult, yet compassionate, conversations that urged her toward courageous self-reflection. This same pastor has been visiting Kelly for almost 16 years. Her commitment to Kelly, along with that of the prison chaplain and chaplaincy interns, provided steady, ongoing love that fostered change. So by the time I met Kelly in 2010 she had already undergone a significant transformation. She was, in the words of the Apostle Paul, a "new creation" (2 Cor. 5:17). In the theology program, Kelly found her own voice and came to see that her reflections on Christian faith could be a gift to the wider church "on the outside," as well as in prison. By studying historical and contemporary Christian thinkers, Kelly became part of the conversations that make the Christian tradition dynamic. She asked honest questions about her relationship to God, others and the world. She read scripture and grappled with centuries-old theological questions. She discovered her authentic theological voice in the midst of this work. "From the start of the theology class I felt this hunger," she said in her 2011 graduation speech. "I became so hungry for theology, and what all the classes had to offer; you could call me a glutton." One of the great joys of being a theology professor is getting to know students holistically, not only as thinkers, but also as human beings wrestling with some of life's most urgent questions. My relationship with Kelly had this quality from the start. But it deepened six months into the year when a new warden arrived at the prison. In her graduation speech, Kelly described this moment: . "There came a time when ... my worst fears became my reality -- I was pulled from the courses. I was taken from my theological community. Being pulled from the program devastated me as badly as if someone had just told me one of my appeals had been turned down. "Since I couldn't go to the theology class ... the instructors came to me. Still, this was far from being ideal because now I had to have class and community through a gate. It was hard ... but I pushed on. I pushed on because of that hunger. That gate ... was meant to keep everyone and everything separated from me. But that gate couldn't keep out the knowledge that I was so hungry for, nor friendship and community. And it sure couldn't keep out God." This change afforded us the chance to have two hours of one-on-one conversation every Friday. We continued to read theological texts together, including a book by then-Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams. Williams describes healing and restoration as the act of facing our painful memories, "the ruins of the past," and building from them here and now. Restoration, Williams writes, "is going back to the memories of the painful, humiliating past and bringing them to redemption in the present ... to Christ [who] comes to repair the devastation." I sat with Kelly as she went back over some of her own painful memories, took responsibility for them and showed profound remorse about who she had been and what she had done. Indeed, the power of these moments -- when Kelly looked me in the eye and confessed concrete sins, when we spoke of God's love and forgiveness -- will stay with me forever. Kelly embraced what Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a German pastor-theologian and Nazi resister, calls "costly grace." For Bonhoeffer, "cheap grace" is seeking God's forgiveness as a "cover-up for one's sins, for which one has no remorse and ... even less desire to be set free." In contrast, costly grace requires rigorously following Jesus in a way that leads to continuous, visible transformation, what the New Testament calls the fruits of redemption. The fruits of Kelly's redemption are now well-documented: reconciliation with her children, ministry to inmates full of despair, counsel to troubled youth and daily concern for others. On the night Kelly thought would be her last, she spent the evening writing a letter to her fellow inmates, urging them not to worry about her, but to be encouraged. Most poignant for Kelly are the writings of German theologian Jürgen Moltmann, who is widely known as the "theologian of hope" and with whom Kelly began corresponding in 2010. Moltmann shows that biblical hope is not a hope that gives up on this life and looks for something better beyond the grave. Rather, hope makes manifest the kingdom of God now --God's intended social order "on earth as it is in heaven" (Matt. 6:10). Biblical hope "revolutionizes and transforms the present." It is the hope of the psalmist who "looks for the goodness of God in this life" (Ps. 27:13). In the words of Kelly's favorite scripture, it is a hope that proclaims: "I shall not die but live, and declare the works of the Lord" (Ps 118:17). In Kelly's own words: . "The theology program has shown me that hope is still alive and that, despite a gate or a guillotine hovering over my head, I still possess the ability to prove that I am human. Labels on anyone can be notoriously misleading and unforgiving things. But no matter the label attached to me, I have the capacity and the unstoppable desire to accomplish something positive and have a lasting impact ... Even prison cannot erase my hope or conviction that the future is not settled for me, or anyone." Many people have asked me in recent days how I have been transformed by my friendship with Kelly and by Kelly's journey of hope. While I struggle to find adequate words, what I do know is that Kelly's story pushes the logic of Christian faith to its outermost limits. It pushes Christians to reexamine and reaffirm the truths we proclaim about repentance, forgiveness, redemption and hope. Indeed, even professional theologians and life-long pastors struggle with the weight of the claims we make. Today, Kelly's life hangs in the balance. The state of Georgia on Monday issued a last-minute postponement of her execution, citing concerns about the drugs that were to be used to kill her. The Department of Corrections has said that it plans to resume executions once an analysis of the drugs is complete. While Gov. Nathan Deal does not have the formal power to commute Kelly's sentence to life in prison, I join more than 1,100 faith leaders from across the nation, including more than 500 from Georgia, who have signed a letter urging the governor to use his political influence to save Kelly's life and to speak out publicly against her execution. I call on all people of good will to reach out to Gov. Deal and to Georgia state legislators to demand a more just, merciful, and accountable system of justice -- for Kelly and for all. As theologian Richard Amesbury wrote, "If the life even of a convicted murderer can be turned around and so radically redirected, then none of us is without hope." We need to hear Kelly Gissendaner proclaim to us -- as much as we proclaim to her -- that the promises of God are real. | The execution of Kelly Gissendaner was postponed due to concerns over injection drugs . McBride: In her time on death row, Gissendaner has discovered hope through theology . |
What is Hinton's citizenship? | Geoffrey Everest Hinton CC FRS FRSC (born 6 December 1947) is a British-Canadian cognitive psychologist and computer scientist, most noted for his work on artificial neural networks. Since 2013, he has divided his time working for Google (Google Brain) and the University of Toronto. In 2017, he co-founded and became the Chief Scientific Advisor of the Vector Institute in Toronto.
With David Rumelhart and Ronald J. Williams, Hinton was co-author of a highly cited paper published in 1986 that popularised the backpropagation algorithm for training multi-layer neural networks, although they were not the first to propose the approach. Hinton is viewed as a leading figure in the deep learning community. The dramatic image-recognition milestone of the AlexNet designed in collaboration with his students Alex Krizhevsky and Ilya Sutskever for the ImageNet challenge 2012 was a breakthrough in the field of computer vision.
Hinton received the 2018 Turing Award, together with Yoshua Bengio and Yann LeCun, for their work on deep learning. They are sometimes referred to as the "Godfathers of AI" and "Godfathers of Deep Learning", and have continued to give public talks together. | British and Canadian. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A Chinese father who became a national hero after claiming he lived in a cave to save money for his family has now admitted he never sent a penny home - after his wife caught him out. Shi Zhiyong, 35, hit the headlines after claiming that he was sleeping in a 10-metre long cave in order to keep all of his £300-a-month pay to help his wife and two sons. Shi, who had a job as a dockworker in China's coastal Shandong province, was reported to have been sleeping in the cave for the last six months. Scroll down for video . Caveman: Shi Zhiyong partially blocks the entrance to his cave with rocks - but it is far from secure . Home: Shi reveals the cramp conditions he had been sleeping in for the last six months . Rather than pay up to £20-a-month for rent, Shi said he had decided to save every penny he could from his £300-per-month salary to send back home to his family in Handan in Hebei province. He told People's Daily: 'I have two children, aged 11 and six. I have to save up money and support the family.' But he has now admitted that he had fabricated his past and said: ’Sorry I lied. I didn't go back home for the Chinese New Year. 'I bought all my food by myself. I didn’t save money all these years and have never sent money home.' Shi had said that he sacrificed his home comforts to ensure his beloved family had more money, and is believed to have slept on simple bedding spread on the floor of the cave while lighting fires from kindling to keep warm. He kept very few belongings with him, carrying just a quilt, a radio, a water bottle and a flashlight, along with some clothes. But after his bizarre living arrangements came to national attention in China, Shi's uncle tracked him down to the top of Yao Mountain where he had been sleeping. He said: 'It’s been six years, we need to have a good hug! ‘I saw his picture from my phone today, then I searched online and confirmed it was him. He left home six years ago without a trace since.’ Confession: But Shi has now admitted he made his story up and said: 'I bought all my food by myself. I didn’t save money all these years and have never sent money home' Attention: But Shi's story was exposed when media in China became interested in his bizarre living conditions and his family tracked him down . Shi's uncle could not explain why Shi’s wife and two sons had not come to find him, nor did they explain why Shi had left home six years ago, simply adding: ’There might be some small friction.’ Shi said he was forced to carrying his meagre belongings around with him after discovering villagers had been entering the cave and looking through his things whilst he was at work. 'When I come back from work at night, often the cave had been explored top to bottom by others,' he told the Jinan Times. He had claimed that he ate at his company's cafeteria during working hours and, when there was no work available, survived on just a couple of sesame seed cakes each day. The report added that he showers just once a month at a local public bathroom. Belongings: Shi kept very few belongings with him, carrying just a quilt, a radio, a water bottle and a flashlight, along with some clothes . However, Shi yesterday abandoned the cave and his boss said Shi had resigned last April. The boss said: ’He did work as a loader and does have a family back home. He took holidays twice a year, claiming that he was going back home. He is an honest man and a hard worker.’ When Shi’s story was first reported in China, he was offered work and accommodation by more than 10 companies. Now, Shi said he wanted to ‘live life properly at home’, adding that he would put on some clean clothes and have a good wash before returning. His forgiving family - who believed he was dead - have agreed to let him return to Jinan to continue working. | Shi Zhiyong said he had been sleeping in the cave to save money . Believed to have been bedding down there for the last six months . But wife had no idea...and thought her husband had passed away . He has now admitted that he made the story up and is now going home . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A Peruvian footballer says he is thinking of giving up the sport after being beaten unconscious by the same thuggish supporters of an opposing team twice in a single season. In the latest incident Josimar Pacheco, 23, was attacked as he left the stadium after a Peruvian cup game in the District League in the city of Huaraz. His team Sport Ancash Fe had been playing against Deportivo AMVA and were leaving the stadium when a mob of violent fans attacked them. Disturbing images showed the young footballer's being carried from the stadium unconscious before being placed in the back of a car and rushed to hospital. Unconscious: Josimar Pacheco, 23, was attacked as he left the stadium after a Peruvian cup game in the District League in the city of Huaraz . Attack: Disturbing images showed the young footballer's being carried from the stadium unconscious before being placed in the back of a car and rushed to hospital . Josimar Pacheco was placed in the back of a small car and driven to a nearby hospital by his teammates . Speaking to police after the attack, Mr Pacheco said: 'I was separated from the rest of the team and remember somebody grabbing my arm and pulling me into the mob. 'There were just blows raining down on me then, they were punching me and kicking me from every angle,' he added. The footballer passed shortly after the attack began and was only rescued when his teammates saw what was going on and bravely intervened, freeing his limp body from beneath the attackers. Having rescued him from the mob, Mr Pacheco's colleagues released that, frustratingly, all the first aid crews and ambulances on duty at the stadium had already left. The footballers were left with little choice other than to place Mr Pacheco in the back of a small car and drive him to a nearby hospital themselves. Grisly: Speaking to police after the attack, Mr Pacheco said: 'I was separated from the rest of the team and remember somebody grabbing my arm and pulling me into the mob . Brutal: The footballer passed shortly after the attack began and was only rescued when his teammates saw what was going on and bravely intervened, freeing his limp body from beneath the attackers . Rescue: Mr Pacheco is expected to fully recover - although he will not be playing football for some time . Emotional: One of Mr Pacheco's teammates was seen crying on the floor after the savage attack . On arrival at the hospital, medics confirmed that although his beating had been severe his condition was stable. Mr Pacheco is expected to fully recover - although he will not be playing football for some time. The incident has caused widespread anger in the country and police are investigating the attack as a case of attempted murder. It later emerged that this was the second time the player ended up in hospital after an attack from football hooligans. The earlier incident happened when he was playing in a game last year, in the city of Jaen, in the northern Peruvian province of the same name. At the time he was playing for a different team, Chavelines, and at the end of the game fans again from Deportivo ADA had stormed onto the pitch and beaten him up. | Josimar Pacheco, 23, was attacked as he left the stadium in Huaraz city . His team had Sport Ancash Fe had been playing against Deportivo AMVA . Thuggish supporters beat him so savagely he quickly lost consciousness . Teammates rescued footballer and drove him to hospital in a small car . It later emerged that Mr Pacheco had been beaten unconscious by supporters of Deportivo AMVA once before this season . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain is set to miss England's Euro 2016 qualifier against Lithuania with a hamstring strain. The Arsenal star limped off during the second half of Monday night's FA Cup win over Manchester United. And Sportsmail understands initial fears are that the midfielder will miss up to four weeks with the injury. Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain receives treatment during Arsenal's FA Cup win against Manchester United . The midfielder had to be replaced by team-mate Aaron Ramsey in the second half at Old Trafford . England star Oxlade-Chamberlain has been ruled out for four weeks with a hamstring injury . He underwent a scan on Tuesday and club medics will hold further checks before making a definitive diagnosis. But Oxlade-Chamberlain is a huge doubt for the clash against Lithuania and the friendly against Italy. Roy Hodgson names his squad for the double-header next week. The news will come as a blow to Arsene Wenger despite the euphoria following the win at Old Trafford. Oxlade-Chamberlain will miss a string of Arsenal matches including next week's Champions League clash in Monaco and next month's league visit of Liverpool. Oxlade-Chamberlain sprints away from Manchester United duo Daley Blind (left) and Luke Shaw . The former Southampton man still managed to celebrate his side's FA Cup quarter-final victory . | Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain went off injured at Old Trafford on Monday . The midfielder will miss at least four weeks with a hamstring injury . He will not be available for England's game with Lithuania on March 27 . Arsenal face Reading or Bradford in the FA Cup semi-finals on April 18/19 . CLICK HERE for all the latest Arsenal news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Joe Hart has revealed that he has been working with a psychologist in order to improve his life both on and off the pitch. The 27-year-old goalkeeper was the standout performer alongside Lionel Messi on Wednesday night as Manchester City were knocked out of the Champions League by Barcelona. City somehow managed to concede just one goal at the Nou Camp despite a dazzling display from Messi, who was thwarted by Hart on several occasions. Manchester City goalkeeper Joe Hart has revealed he's been working with a psychologist . Hart spoke to Sport magazine about his meetings . Hart told Sport Magazine: 'I've got a relationship with someone who I've worked with for a while. It's a lot of fun. I like what I get out of it. Just generally – it's not necessarily just football and trying to 'unlock doors'. 'It's just general – kind of free-flowing, feeling comfortable and safe to talk. Everyone could benefit from it, really, for life in general.' The goalkeeper feels that having a strong mentality is key to being successful - especially being a goalkeeper. 'You can feel when someone is in a good place and when someone feels good about what they do, the same as I can feel it with strikers. So, to be in a naturally good place is a lot better. 'You've got to believe in what you do and feel comfortable and confident when you go out. Being in the right frame of mind always helps – we all have vulnerable parts, times in our game when you're thinking the worst can happen. But you need to limit them as best you can.' 'I've always kind of accepted in my role as a goalkeeper that making mistakes is going to happen. But turning it into a positive is something that I've improved on, definitely.' England No 1 Joe Hart denies Brazilian ace Neymar as the former Santos man looms down on goal . The England No 1 has been in fine form for his club this season, despite his defence struggling for form, but Hart admitted that making a save isn't quite the feeling as scoring a goal. 'It's a very good feeling,' he says. 'It's a good surge. But the thing with making a save is that you can't run off and slide on your knees. Unless you've caught it, you've either pushed it out into play or pushed it for a corner. It's gone. 'As good as making a good save can be, you've got to be aware that five seconds later you can let one through your hands.' England's No 1 gets down low to deny Lionel Messi during his side's defeat to Barcelona at the Nou Camp . Despite going out of the Champions League on Wednesday, the 27-year-old made a crucial penalty save against Lionel Messi to keep his side well and truly in it after the first leg. 'Penalties are an easy one to zone in on because it's a one-on-one duel. There's nothing that can be done – it's not like someone can do a sneaky one when you're not looking. 'You try and make the moment as big for them as it is for you. Some people are immune to that, and you're wasting your time. But there's a few people who it might help with. 'Saving one is a good feeling. In my head it's all because of me. But, realistically, they might have just taken a bad penalty or made the wrong decision. Anyone is more than capable of scoring past me from 12 yards, whatever team it is.' Hart saves Messi's penalty during the first leg of the Champions League clash at the Etihad Stadium . Read the full interview online at Sport Magazine or read in print in Friday. | The Manchester City goalkeeper revealed he visits a psychologist . Joe Hart says it's important that he can 'unlock doors' in his life . The 27-year-old also admitted that having a strong mentality has been key to his success as a goalkeeper because he accept's he will make mistakes . Click here for all the latest Manchester City news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It was a weekend when Andy Murray was full to bursting with emotion, but he struck a note of pragmatism after leading Great Britain to Davis Cup victory. The din of what is the closest he can get to a home-town crowd was still ringing in his ears as he considered the implications of a 3-2 victory over America - one that has again put Leon Smith’s squad into the last eight of the sport’s premier team competition. Wimbledon’s host nation may not be able to raise a quorum when it comes to volume of players in the world’s top 100, but where there is Murray, there is hope. Andy Murray celebrates as his win over John Isner leads Great Britain into the Davis Cup's last eight . Murray celebrates during his straight sets win over Isner that clinched the Brits a quarter-final place . Murray produced the right results in points at key moments to overcome the fancied American . He showed that again as he held off a ferocious challenge from 6ft 10in John Isner to win 7-6, 6-3, 7-6 and push Britain into a July quarter-final against France. Yet he was cautious about whether that could actually lead to GB winning the Davis Cup for the first time since 1936. ‘To win the event is an extremely difficult thing to do,’ he said. ‘Even with someone like Federer, such a great player, it’s taken him to have a top five in the world partner (Stan Wawrinka) to help him to do that. We’re playing at the limits of our level right now.’ If he was merely being realistic there was not, after all, a great deal of time for heady celebration. Such are the demands of the tour that he was flying back to London on Sunday night and then flying on Monday morning to Los Angeles for the season’s first Masters level event at Indian Wells. Accompanying him will be James Ward, without whom none of this weekend’s triumph would have been possible. Murray was the star but this was truly an Anglo-Scottish enterprise at a time when such things are under threat. James Ward turned the tie in Great Britain's favour with his own victory over Isner on Friday . Ward took the first two sets in the dead rubber against Donald Young but retired to protect his knee . Ward’s Friday night epic against Isner turned this match in the home side’s favour - just as he had 13 months ago in the corresponding first-round match against America, when he defeated Sam Querrey. The 28-year-old Londoner is one of those players who grows an extra three inches in the team environment, but it is expecting a lot of a player outside the world’s top 100 to keep the upsets coming. Ward even took the first set against Donald Young in the dead rubber after Murray’s victory on Sunday but then conceded the match to protect his sore knee. When asked about his side’s potential, Smith said: ‘We have still got a bit of work to do but we are getting closer. We can trouble most teams. You’ve seen the spirit we have.’ The victorious Great Britain team smile with clenched fists after their 3-2 win over the United States . The Brits gather on the court after their win which sets up a clash with France in the quarter-finals . This was another triumph for Smith. In an era when big-name ex-players are all the rage as coaches, he continues to land blows for the lower-profile professional. For the second consecutive time he has got the better of former world No 1 Jim Courier in the captain’s chair. Murray is not only among the planet’s best tennis players, he has also shown what a team man he is this weekend with his passionate support from the sidelines. If there is a worry, it is that it may all have sapped him. It helped that the 7,700 capacity crowd was intent on dragging him over the line. No wonder the debate over the next month will be whether the advantage of grass in the next round is outweighed by the passion of playing in Scotland on a hard court. Murray, embracing GB team captain Leon Smith, praised the 'effort and attitude of everyone in the team' Great Britain captain Smith celebrate as their talisman Murray wins a crucial point against World No 20 Isner . Murray said: ‘I knew that James was extremely tired and I knew it would be a very tough ask for him to come out and win that match (yesterday’s final singles) after me. There is pressure to help your team-mates out and I wanted to try and finish the tie there. ‘I was very emotional all weekend — it is quite draining. I was proud of the team, the way they performed and fought in this arena under so much pressure.’ Isner was desperate to make amends for Friday and had come out swinging in the first set against Murray, backing up his enormous serve with early strikes in rallies designed to prevent any long exchanges. He forced seven break points en route to the tiebreak including three set points at 5-4, which saw him taking huge cuts at Murray’s more vulnerable second serve. What it came down to was Murray’s greater sangfroid in the tiebreak, which Isner began with a double fault. That first set settled the nerves of Murray and the crowd and he broke for 4-2 in the second with an exquisite lob — no mean feat against a giraffe-like opponent. To Isner’s credit, he kept fighting. But the second tiebreak followed much the same pattern as the first and was sealed 7-4 with a swinging ace which met with a cacophony that nearly blew the roof off. It was the kind of supreme effort from Murray that is all too easily taken for granted. Big American Isner fell to Murray after James Ward come from two sets down to beat him in an epic tussle . Isner took responsibility for the loss saying 'This one's on me' after his loss to Ward . Isner, however, says there were ew players in the world who could have conquered Murray in Glasgow . | Andy Murray beat John Isner in straight sets to secure GB win over US . Murray's GB team-mate James Ward had before upset world No 20 Isner . The Scot said GB are playing at their limit having moved into the last eight . Great Britain will face France at home in the quarter-finals in July . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | New York state police have launched a public campaign to track down a young woman who allegedly printed off dozens of photos at a Walgreens store without paying. The dark-haired woman reportedly used a self-service photo printer at a Walgreens in Selden around 3pm on January 14. She apparently thought she could sneakily leave the shop without coughing up cash; however, all of her images were digitally recorded. After an unsuccessful search, authorities have now released one image in a bid to identify the suspect. Caught red-handed: New York state police have launched a public campaign to track down a young woman who allegedly printed off dozens of photos at a Walgreens store without paying . The color shot shows the woman staring directly at the camera with her lips pursed. She is wearing a thick gold-colored chain necklace, and monochrome striped top. Her long, dark hair is styled straight. Anyone with information is asked to step forward with a $5,000 cash reward on offer. Police hoped they would be able to track down the culprit but their hunt proved fruitless. They released the image of the woman on Wednesday in a bid to put the crime to bed. The offender is wanted for petit larceny, which carries a one-year maximum prison sentence. Anyone with information about any of the photo booth crime is asked to call Crime Stoppers at 1-800-220-TIPS. | The dark-haired woman reportedly used a self-service photo booth at a Walgreens in Selden, New York, around 3pm on January 14 . She apparently thought she could sneakily leave the shop without coughing up cash, however, all of her images were digitally recorded . |
Given a reference text about Jeremiah Mutwalante Twa-Twa, when and where was he born? | Jeremiah Mutwalante Twa-Twa (born 29 January 1951) is a Ugandan physician, public health specialist, and politician. His last name is sometimes spelled "Twatwa". He is the elected Member of Parliament representing Iki-Iki County, Budaka District. He has served in that capacity since May 2011. Before that, he served as the director of the Division of Child Health at the Uganda Ministry of Health from 2005 until 2010.
Background and education
He was born in Budaka District on 29 January 1951. Twa-Twa attended Sekulo Primary School in Budaka District from 1959 until 1964. He then studied at Mbale College in Mbale District from 1965 until 1966. He undertook his O-Level studies (S1-S4) at Jinja College in Jinja District from 1967 until 1970. In 1971, he entered Namilyango College in Mukono District to pursue his A-Level (S5-S6) education, graduating in 1972.
He graduated from Makerere University Medical School in 1978 with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery degree. In 1981, he obtained a Diploma in Public Health from the Makerere University School of Public Health. In 1995, he received a Master of Arts degree in demography from the same university. He also holds a Certificate in Epidemiology, awarded in 1983 by the University of Nairobi.[ | Jeremiah Mutwalante Twa-Twa was born in the Budaka District of Uganda on January 29, 1951. |
Given a reference text bout the Tampa Convention Center, when did it open and how big is it? | The Tampa Convention Center is a mid-sized convention center located in downtown Tampa, Florida at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. It has both waterfront views of Tampa Bay and views of the city's skyline. Harbour Island is across the eponymous bridge on the other side of the Garrison Channel. The center is connected to the neighboring Channelside District and Ybor City via the TECO Line Streetcar, which has a station across the street. The center opened in 1990 and encompasses 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2) in total. It has a 200,000 square feet (19,000 m2) exhibit hall, a ballroom capable of accommodating over 2,000 guests, and 36 meeting rooms that can be adjusted to various sizes. The facility hosts over 300 events per year. | The Tampa Convention Center opened in 1990 and is about 600,000 square feet. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Former two-weight world champion Ricky Burns has been left with only £228 to his name after his legal battles with Frank Warren. The 31-year-old, who fights in Texas on May 9 against Omar Figueroa, has declared himself bankrupt this week with debts of £419,888 after a courtroom showdown with his former promoter. Warren had claimed unsuccessfully for £1.8million in lost profits at the High Court in London last year after Burns joined Eddie Hearn’s Matchroom stable on March 11, 2013. But the judge also ruled Burns was not entitled to end the promotional agreement with Warren’s company and owed him commission. Ricky Burns, pictured in action against Raymundo Beltran in 2013, has been declared bankrupt . The former world boxing champion said his remaining assets are worth only £228 . Boxing promoter Frank Warren (left) and Burns, pictured here in 2010, were embroiled in a courtroom battle . Burns paid his own £200,000 legal fees and a further £170,000 to cover Warren's damages . Burns teamed up with promoter Eddie Hearn in 2013 amid frustrations over two postponed fights . In December, Burns paid his own £200,000 legal fees and a further £170,000 to cover Warren’s damages and costs. The judge ruled Frank Warren Promotions owed Burns £102,000 in purses but said he was unlikely to receive anything from the liquidated company. Frank Warren said: ‘I brought a claim against Ricky Burns because he wrongly terminated his management and promotional agreements. I offered to meet him to try to sort things out after he had terminated, but he did not take me up on this offer.’ Burns and Warren are pictured at a press conference in 2012 before they went their separate ways . The Scottish fighter, in action against Jose Gonzalez in 2013, joined Eddie Hearn's Matchroom Boxing . Burns is hoping to revive his career in America with a fight against former world champion Omar Figueroa . | Ricky Burns has gone bankrupt with debts of more than £400,000 . Scottish fighter said his remaining assets are worth just £228 . Burns applied for bankruptcy after courtroom battle with Frank Warren . Both Burns and Warren declared victory after the High Court showdown . But Burns paid £200,000 legal fees and a further £170,000 . A previous version of this story repeated a claim that suggested Eddie Hearn had encouraged Mr Burns to leave Mr Warren’s management. We have since learnt that the court considered and rejected a similar allegation and we have taken immediate action to amend the article. We apologise for repeating the allegation. |
How many parts were brand new in the Porsche 993? | The 993 was much improved over and quite different from its predecessor. According to Porsche, every part of the car was designed from the ground up, including the engine and only 20% of its parts were carried over from the previous generation. Porsche refers to the 993 as "a significant advance, not just from a technical, but also a visual perspective." Porsche's engineers devised a new light-alloy subframe with coil and wishbone suspension (an all new multi-link system, Weissach axle), putting behind the previous lift-off oversteer and making significant progress with the engine and handling, creating a more civilized car overall and providing an improved driving experience. The 993 was also the first 911 to receive a six speed transmission. | The 993 model was made from 1994-1998. It is known as the last of the aircooled Porsches. Only 20% of its parts were carried over from the previous generation (the 964). The 993 was a significant advance in terms of design and technical components. It is one of the most highly regarded 911s to this day. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Crystal Palace manager Alan Pardew has had his players training at Selhurst Park in the hope of exploiting a set-piece advantage over Queens Park Rangers in Saturday's lunchtime kick-off. Palace’s home form this season is the second worst in the Barclays Premier League, with bottom-side Leicester City the only club worse than them on home turf. The Selhurst Park pitch has been re-laid twice this season, and with Pardew admitting the surface ‘isn’t perfect’, he has called his players into the stadium that they face QPR in on Saturday to practice their dead-ball routines. Alan Pardew admits Crystal Palace have been training at Selhurst Park ahead of their match against QPR . Since taking over at Palace, Pardew has helped take the south London club up the Premier League . ‘Our home form is something that we’re focusing on,’ Pardew said. ‘Really, we’ve done enough to stay in the division away from home already but our home form doesn’t reflect what it should be. ‘Our stadium needs to be rocking tomorrow and if we want to keep it where it is in terms of that support, you’ve got to give them wins. ‘We’re a good set-play team so we’ve been getting used to the co-ordinates here and the environment to make sure our set-plays are on the money tomorrow. QPR will be desperate for points at Selhurst Park on Saturday lunchtime, after seven defeats in their last eight . Chris Ramsey has endured a difficult start to life in the managerial hot-seat at Loftus Road . ‘This new pitch is good, but it’s not perfect. The Premier League pitches don’t really get relaid during the season, they’re perfect, so it’s very unusual for us to have to do that. I can’t say it’s as good as Arsenal’s, Swansea’s or Newcastle’s, because it isn’t.’ And Pardew sees Palace’s game against QPR as being more important for the visitors than his side, even though he admits both are still in a relegation scrap. ‘It’s an important game,’ he said. ‘Probably more important for QPR than us, with where they are, those three teams down the bottom (QPR, Burnley and Leicester) really need a quick win to get them in touch again so it’s a huge game for them – probably must-win. Palace's away form has been impressive, but Pardew admits they need to improve their fortunes at home . The Selhurst Park pitch has been relaid twice this season, and is not as impressive as other top flight clubs . ‘For us, we just need to make sure we pick up points or pick up wins when we can and we’ll be ok. We have a cushion at the moment but it can be easily eroded with a defeat tomorrow so we need to make sure that we’re on our metal.’ Palace, with 30 points, are currently eight points clear of third-bottom QPR but Pardew still believes it will require a further 10 before his side are sure of staying up. | Crystal Palace face Queens Park Rangers at Selhurst Park on Saturday . Palace have been training at Selhurst Park in preparation for the game . Alan Pardew said that Palace are 'a good set-play team so we’ve been getting used to the co-ordinates' at Selhurst Park . QPR are desperate for a win after seven defeats in their last eight . CLICK HERE for all the latest Crystal Palace news . |
Who are the Smiths? | The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982. They comprised the singer Morrissey, the guitarist Johnny Marr, the bassist Andy Rourke and the drummer Mike Joyce. Morrissey and Marr formed the band's songwriting partnership. They are regarded as one of the most important acts to emerge from the 1980s British independent music. | The Smiths were an English rock band from the 1980s. The lead singer was Morrissey. The other band members were: Johnny Marr on guitar, Andy Rourke on bass, and Mike Joyce on drums. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Dynamo Kiev have been ordered to close part of their stadium for next month's Europa League quarter-final after racist behaviour by fans towards Everton players. The Ukrainian side has also been fined 15,000 euros (£10,950) by UEFA for the setting off of fireworks and for insufficient organisation. The racist behaviour took place during the 5-2 second-leg win over Everton on March 19. Dynamo Kiev have been ordered to close part of their stadium for next month's Europa League quarter-final . The Ukranian outfit have been punished by UEFA after racist behaviour by fans towards Everton players . UEFA has ordered partial closure of the Olympic Stadium for the first leg against Fiorentina next month . UEFA has ordered partial closure of the NSK Olimpiyskiy stadium for the first leg of the quarter-final against Fiorentina, to be played in Kiev on April 16. A UEFA statement read: 'The CEDB (UEFA Control, Ethics and Disciplinary Body) has ordered the partial closure of the NSK Olimpiyskiy stadium during the next UEFA competition match which FC Dynamo Kyiv would play as the host club, and in particular, Blocks 43 and 45 of the stadium. 'The Ukrainian club have also been fined 15,000 euros for the setting off of fireworks and the insufficient organisation. | Dynamo Kiev punished for fans' racist behaviour towards Everton players . Ukranian outfit also fined £10,950 by UEFA for setting off fireworks . Kiev face Fiorentina in the Europa League quarter-finals next month . |
What is type 1 diabetes? | Type 1 diabetes (T1D), formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that originates when cells that make insulin (beta cells) are destroyed by the immune system. Insulin is a hormone required for the cells to use blood sugar for energy and it helps regulate glucose levels in the bloodstream. Before treatment this results in high blood sugar levels in the body. The common symptoms of this elevated blood sugar are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, weight loss, and other serious complications. Additional symptoms may include blurry vision, tiredness, and slow wound healing. Symptoms typically develop over a short period of time, often a matter of weeks. | Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where beta cells that make insulin are destroyed by the immune system. Insulin is required to help regulate glucose levels in the bloodstream. |
What kind of magazine was Nova | Nova was a British glossy magazine that was published from March 1965 to October 1975 It was described by The Times as "a politically radical, beautifully designed, intellectual women's magazine." Nova covered such once-taboo subjects as abortion, cancer, the birth control pill, race, homosexuality, divorce and royal affairs. It featured stylish and provocative cover images. | Nova was a British glossy magazine that was published from March 1965 to October 1975.
It was described by The Times as "a politically radical, beautifully designed, intellectual women's magazine."
Nova covered such once-taboo subjects as abortion, cancer, the birth control pill, race, homosexuality, divorce and royal affairs. It featured stylish and provocative cover images. |
Was Endless Nights released in November or December? | Endless Nights in Aurora (Chinese: 極光之愛) is a 2014 Taiwanese romantic drama film directed by Lee Szu-yuan. It stars Rainie Yang and Chris Wang. It was released on December 19, 2014.
Revolving around the romantic relationship of two generations, Alisha and her mother Xiao-feng, two parallel love stories are re-enacted across two and a half decades. With equally heated passion, the star-crossed lovers in different generations are faithfully attached to their experiences in love through promises, anticipation, losses, and forgiveness. | December |
who is Matt Giraud | Matthew Scott "Matt" Giraud (born May 11, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and the fifth place finalist of the eighth season of the reality television series American Idol. He was the first recipient of the Judges' Save.
Early life
Giraud was born in Dearborn, Michigan, but was raised in Ypsilanti and graduated from Lincoln High School in 2003. He is the son of Daniel Giraud and Kami Zoltanski, and has a sister, April. He started as a drummer, playing and singing in church in Ypsilanti.
Giraud played at clubs in Kalamazoo, where he also graduated from Western Michigan University. At the university, he was a part of the vocal jazz program, Gold Company.[citation needed]
American Idol
Overview
Giraud auditioned for the eighth season of American Idol in Louisville, Kentucky. He was considered a judges' favorite in Hollywood, with Randy Jackson naming him among his "top 5" early favorites. During Hollywood week, he performed "I Want You Back" by The Jackson 5 as part of a group called "White Chocolate", along with fellow finalist, and future season 8 winner, Kris Allen. He did not make the finals initially, but was brought back for the Wild Card show. The judges unanimously lauded his performance of "Who's Lovin' You" by The Miracles (also made famous by The Jackson 5) and he became a part of the Top 13 (along with Anoop Desai, Megan Joy, and Jasmine Murray). Giraud was also the first and only recipient of the new judges' save for his season on April 15, 2009. After his Top 13 performance of "Human Nature", Kara DioGuardi remarked "I hope we see you for many more weeks." On Top 11 night, he performed "So Small", provoking Simon Cowell to state "I don't think you've had enough credit in this competition", and compare him to Michael Bublé. On the night of the Top 8, Giraud sang "Part-Time Lover". Paula Abdul kept her compliments short (due to time constraints), simply saying "Two words: Standing O". The next week, however, Giraud received poor reviews from Jackson and DioGuardi. The following night, the results revealed that he received the lowest number of votes. However, for the first time in American Idol history, the judges' save was invoked and Giraud was spared elimination when the judges utilized Season 8's new twist. The consequence of this, for all of the contestants, was a double elimination after the second Top 7 night. On that night, Giraud performed "Stayin' Alive" and received mixed reviews. Nevertheless, he survived the vote that week and even avoided placing in the Bottom 3. He was eliminated on April 29, 2009 and finished in fifth place. In interviews after his elimination, Giraud says that he believed the "'Idol' judges' save wasn't a waste". Giraud was a favorite of Joel Madden. It was also mentioned that Lady Gaga had told Matt she was sad to see him leave the show after being eliminated. | Matthew Scott "Matt" Giraud (born May 11, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and the fifth-place finalist of the eighth season of the reality television series American Idol. He is the son of Daniel Giraud and Kami Zoltanski and has a sister, April. He started as a drummer, playing and singing in church in Ypsilanti. Giraud auditioned for the eighth season of American Idol in Louisville, Kentucky. He was considered a judges' favourite in Hollywood, with Randy Jackson naming him among his "top 5" early favourites. During Hollywood week, he performed "I Want You Back" by The Jackson 5 as part of a group called "White Chocolate," along with fellow finalist and future season 8 winner Kris Allen. Giraud was also the first and only recipient of the new judges' save for his season on April 15, 2009. Paula Abdul kept her compliments short (due to time constraints), simply saying, "Two words: Standing O." The following week, however, Giraud received poor reviews from Jackson and DioGuardi. However, for the first time in American Idol history, the judges' save was invoked, and Giraud was spared elimination when the judges utilized Season 8's new twist. The consequence for all of the contestants was a double elimination after the second Top 7 night. That night, Giraud performed "Stayin' Alive" and received mixed reviews. He was eliminated on April 29, 2009, and finished fifth place. In interviews after his elimination, Giraud says that he believed the "'Idol' judges' save wasn't waste." |
What is Pinot Noir? | Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. The name may also refer to wines created predominantly from pinot noir grapes. The name is derived from the French words for pine and black. The word pine alludes to the grape variety having tightly clustered, pinecone–shaped bunches of fruit.
Pinot noir is grown around the world, mostly in cooler climates, and the variety is chiefly associated with the Burgundy region of France. Pinot noir is now used to make red wines around the world, as well as champagne, sparkling white wines such as the Italian Franciacorta, and English sparkling wines. Regions that have gained a reputation for red pinot noir wines include the Willamette Valley of Oregon; the Carneros, Central Coast, Sonoma Coast, and Russian River AVAs of California; the Elgin and Walker Bay wine regions of South Africa; the Mornington Peninsula, Adelaide Hills, Great Southern, Tasmania, and Yarra Valley in Australia; and the Central Otago, Martinborough, and Marlborough wine regions of New Zealand. Pinot noir is the most planted varietal (38%) used in sparkling wine production in Champagne and other wine regions. | Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Pinot noir is grown around the world, mostly in cooler climates, and the variety is chiefly associated with the Burgundy region of France. Pinot noir is now used to make red wines around the world, as well as champagne, sparkling white wines such as the Italian Franciacorta, and English sparkling wines. |
Who wrote Howl's Moving Castle? | Howl's Moving Castle is a fantasy novel by British author Diana Wynne Jones, first published in 1986 by Greenwillow Books of New York. It was a runner-up for the annual Boston Globe–Horn Book Award, and won the Phoenix Award twenty years later. It was adapted into a critically acclaimed 2004 animated film of the same name, which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. | Howl's Moving Castle is a fantasy novel by British author Diana Wynne Jones. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Thierry Henry was a surprise guest at a Welsh school on Tuesday, but rather than appearing in his usual roles as a television pundit or footballer, the Frenchman turned up as a supply teacher. The Arsenal legend was on hand to give Pen-Y-Dre High School student Emma Morgan an award live on Sky Sports News, and went undercover with an easy-to-see-through disguise as he took the teacher's place at the front of the classroom. The Sky Sports pundit wore a black wig and glasses in an attempt to fool the class in Merthyr Tydfil, but quickly revealed his true identity once the students cottoned on. Thierry Henry adopted an unfamiliar disguise to surprise students at a school in Wales on Tuesday afternoon . The Arsenal legend poses as a supply teacher at Pen-Y-Dre High School but students quickly found him out . The class were shocked to see Henry making a visit to South Wales as part of his Sky Ambassador role . Henry was appearing on his first appointment as a Sky Academy Ambassador, handing out the Sky Sports Living for Sport Student of the Year award for Wales. The awards celebrate the achievements of students and teachers in using sports stars and the skills learnt through sport to build life skills for young people. An overall winner, picked from Emma and winners from England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, will be decided on Sunday. Henry takes off his disguise to reveal his true identity before handing out an award to student Emma Morgan . Student Emma was shocked to receive the Sky Sports Living for Sport Student of the Year award for Wales . Henry said: 'Emma is a fantastic example of the effect Sky Sports Living for Sport can have on young people and I’m delighted to present her with the Student of the Year award for Wales. 'The life skills learned through sport can be applied to all areas of life and Emma managed to turn her life around and reach her potential since being involved in Sky Sports Living for Sport. She’s a deserving winner.' Henry works as a pundit on Sky Sports, and is seen here at the Nou Camp with Sportsmail's Jamie Carragher . The former Arsenal forward celebrates a goal during his second spell with the Premier League club . Henry retired at the end of last season after a spell playing with New York Red Bulls in MLS . | Thierry Henry handed out the 'Sky Sports Living for Sport Student of the Year for Wales' award at Pen-Y-Dre high school in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales . Arsenal legend presented 16-year-old Emma Morgan with the award . He wore a wig and glasses to disguise himself to students at the school . Entering as a supply teacher, Henry's outfit was quickly seen through . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)One of the most pernicious phrases in the debate over how to counter extremist use of social media is "whack-a-mole." In national security circles, many believe that suspending social media accounts used by violent extremists is a pointless endeavor. They argue that, as in the children's arcade game "Whac-a-Mole," suspending accounts is a fruitless endeavor because, they claim, new accounts are created for every account that is suspended. To examine this assumption, technologist Jonathon Morgan and I collected data on millions of Twitter accounts, including tens of thousands used by ISIS supporters, and found substantial evidence to the contrary. In September 2014, Twitter began to crack down on ISIS supporters who used its platform, suspending tens of thousands of accounts over the course of several months. While many users did create new accounts during the first month of the crackdown, the number of new accounts plunged after September, even though suspensions increased. Twitter has indicated that its suspensions fell at least at the high end of our estimated figure, possibly even higher still. The result is that suspensions are outpacing the number of new accounts successfully created, possibly by a wide margin. The size of ISIS's support network on Twitter is shrinking as a result. Additionally, we found that the suspensions targeted some of the most active and effective users in the network, the professional activists who empowered ISIS to broadcast its propaganda to unsuspecting audiences by spamming hashtags such as #WorldCup and #CakeBoss. Not only has ISIS suffered a blow to its ability to spam others, its supporters on Twitter are so weakened that they are now hoist by their own petard. The hashtag that ISIS uses to promote its own messages has been taken over by opposing spammers, trolls and activists, who frequently tweet five times as much anti-ISIS content as ISIS can muster on any given day. ISIS content continues to be available online, of course. The number of suspensions is not sufficient to completely deny them the use of Twitter. But their audience is shrinking and their ability to game Twitter with manipulative tactics such as auto-tweeting "bots" has been significantly diminished. An estimated 10% of tweets sent by ISIS supporters are directed at rebuilding their social networks rather than disseminating propaganda, and that doesn't account for the additional impact of time lost to the process of creating new accounts and waiting for followers to find them. These are worthy goals, and they detract from ISIS's ability to accomplish its online strategy of intimidation, provocation and recruitment, which is discussed at more length in my new book with Jessica Stern, ISIS: The State of Terror. ISIS users call the suspensions "devastating" and their fury provides evidence that suspensions hit them where it hurts. But that doesn't mean suspensions are ineffective, any more than a cold day outside invalidates decades of temperature trends that show the impact of climate change. The view outside your window, especially if you are an analyst or journalist following a couple hundred terrorist accounts, will not always accurately reflect an online climate where tens of thousands of accounts are in play. While our study was only a preliminary look at this issue, it examined a body of data that dwarfs any existing study on the subject. While future research will help clarify the impact of suspensions over time, it is not likely to ever fully settle the complaints of the whack-a-mole crowd, who are as persistent as their favorite metaphor. Nevertheless, it's time to move the serious debate away from the question of whether suspensions are effective and toward more complex issues with a better grounding in the available data. There are complications that arise from the suspension process. One of the most notable we observed in our study was the question of how people in the network behave under pressure. Our analysis suggested that the social network of ISIS supporters on Twitter is becoming more insular, with users following each other more and becoming less and less exposed to outside influences. While it is harder to enter the network in the first place and to stay there as an active user, it is possible that this echo-chamber effect might lead new users to radicalize more swiftly and more intensely. Tampering with an online social network, through suspensions or other means, is a form of social engineering, and we need to better understand what that means for users. We would be better served by research into such new questions than by continuing a tired debate about whether suspensions are effective at degrading the size and online distribution networks of extremist groups. It's time to take this debate to the next level, and let the whack-a-mole mole stay whacked. | Many argue that suspending social media accounts used by violent extremists is a pointless endeavor . Data shows size of ISIS's support network on Twitter is shrinking as a result of crackdown . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Michel Platini insisted that UEFA 'loves FIFA' after he was re-elected unopposed as UEFA president for a third four-year term. Platini has made it clear he does not support Sepp Blatter standing for a fifth term as FIFA president on May 29 - but he used his acceptance speech to say people are trying to turn the rest of the world against UEFA. Platini told the UEFA Congress in Vienna: 'This means more to me than you can possibly imagine. I know I can count on you, and you know that you can count on me. Michel Platini insisted that UEFA 'loves FIFA' after he was re-elected unopposed as UEFA president . The Frenchman used his acceptance speech to say people are trying to turn the world against UEFA . 'This allows me to continue for another four years. I do want to say that we love FIFA deeply, and it's precisely because we love and respect FIFA that we want it to be perfect. 'We are only demanding about the people and institutions we care about.' Addressing the presidents of the other five confederations, he added: 'We want a FIFA that is respectable and respected. Certain people are trying to turn us against each other and isolate us and call us arrogant and selfish Europeans - but don't believe everything you hear. 'We know we are in a privileged position and we will work for the good of the 209 national associations and the good of FIFA as well. 'Whatever the results of May 29, that's why we are going to continue to work together.' Platini has made it clear he does not support Sepp Blatter standing for a fifth term as FIFA president . | Michel Platini has been re-elected as UEFA president . The Frenchman has been handed a third four-year term . But he used his speech to say people are turning the world against UEFA . |
List all the places and countries mentioned in the paragraph in the format [Place] separated by comma. | Niagara was a federal electoral district in the Canadian province of Ontario, which was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1883. It is sometimes also considered one of Ontario's historic counties, as it was listed in some post-Confederation census records as a county of residence. Niagara consisted of the Lincoln County townships of Niagara and Grantham, including the towns of Niagara-on-the-Lake and St. Catharines. The electoral district was abolished in 1882 when it was merged into Lincoln and Niagara riding. | [Niagara],[Ontario],[Canada],[Lincoln County],[Grantham],[Niagara-on-the-Lake],[St. Catharines] |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Prosecutors want panels of the boat in which Boston Marathon bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was found hiding to be brought to court to show jurors what they say is his written confession. His lawyers want them to see the entire bullet-ridden boat. Prosecutors have said Tsarnaev scrawled the motive for the attack inside the boat. They say he referred to U.S. wars in Muslim countries and wrote, among other things, 'Stop killing our innocent people and we will stop.' Scroll down for video . Prosecutors say alleged Boston Bomber Dzokhar Tsarnaev (right) confessed to the attack in a scrawled message inside the boat where he was taken into custody. A view of the bloodied and bullet-ridden message seen on the left in an image obtained by ABC . Above, another view of the boat message which reads in part: 'We Muslims are one body. You kill one of us you hurt us all.' Tsarnaev's older brother, Tamerlan, had been killed hours earlier during a shootout with police, but Tsarnaev escaped and was captured — bloodied and wounded — inside a boat parked in a backyard in Watertown. During a final pretrial hearing Monday, Tsarnaev attorney William Fick objected to the plan to bring pieces of the boat to court and suggested instead that the boat be brought to the courthouse so the jury can see the entire boat. He argued that the jury would be seeing the writing out of context if the panels were brought into the courtroom. To see the whole boat would allow the jury to imagine Tsarnaev lying inside 'much like someone lying in a crypt making those writings,' Fick said. Attorneys for Tsarnaev want the entire boat where their client was arrested brought to court to the jury can see how torn up it was in the firefight with police . Above, a picture of the moment Tsarnaev was taken into custody outside of the boat in Watertown . Assistant U.S. Attorney William Weinreb argued that it would be impractical to bring the entire boat to the courthouse and that there are photographs of it that can be shown to the jury. He suggested that the defense wants the jury to see the boat —which contains bullet holes, blood stains and broken glass — to gain sympathy for Tsarnaev. Tsarnaev's lawyers also asked Judge George O'Toole Jr. to exclude autopsy photos of the three people killed in the bombings. More than 260 people were hurt. 'These are highly sensitive, highly disturbing images,' said attorney Miriam Conrad. She said the defense will not dispute how the victims died. But Assistant U.S. Attorney Nadine Pellegrini said prosecutors have to prove that the victims died from the use of a weapon of mass destruction, which is among the charges against Tsarnaev. She said the full-body autopsy photos are necessary because they show all the wounds. The judge did not immediately rule on the motions. Tsarnaev's lawyers made it clear during the hearing that they will portray Tsarnaev as an adoring younger brother who was coerced by his older brother into participating in the deadly 2013 attack. Although his lawyers had indicated they planned to argue that Dzhokhar, then 19, was influenced by Tamerlan, then 26, they used their strongest language to date to describe how they will depict the brothers' relationship and each of their roles in the attack. Tsarnaev's trial is set to start Wednesday and is expected to last about three to four months. Tsarnaev pictured above in court on January 15, 2015 . Tsarnaev attorney David Bruck said prosecutors are trying to show a 'completely distorted' picture of his client by asking the judge to limit the kind of evidence they can present during the initial phase of the trial, when the jury will be asked to decide whether Tsarnaev is guilty of 30 charges. Bruck, arguing that the defense should be entitled to present evidence of Tamerlan's role in the attack, called him the 'lead conspirator ... but for whom the Boston Marathon bombing would never have occurred.' Bruck said the defense should be allowed to present evidence that the motive 'may well have been the defendant's domination by, love for, adoration of, submissiveness to ... his older brother.' 'That is fair game,' Bruck said. Assistant U.S. Attorney Aloke Chakravarty argued that the defense plans to try to include mitigating evidence during the guilt phase of the trial, when that should be reserved for the second phase of the trial — known as the penalty phase — when the jury will be asked to decide Tsarnaev's punishment: life in prison or the death penalty. Opening statements in Tsarnaev's trial are scheduled for Wednesday. The trial is expected to last three to four months. | Defense attorneys for Tsarnaev petitioned to bring the entire boat where he was captured to court so jury could see damage from firefight . Prosecutors said it wasn't realistic to bring the entire vessel to court, and that pictures of the boat would suffice . However, they do want panels from inside the boat brought to court which they say contain's Tsarnaev's confession note . It reads: 'We Muslims are one body. You kill one of us, you hurt us all' The judge did not rule on either motions on Monday - two days before the start of the trial . The trial is expected to last three to four months . |
Given this paragraph, what key crops were not available in Europe before the colonization of the New World? | Food historian Lois Ellen Frank calls potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla the "magic eight" ingredients that were found and used only in the Americas before 1492 and were taken via the Columbian Exchange back to the Old World, dramatically transforming the cuisine there. According to Frank,
If we deconstruct that these foods were inherently native, then that means that the Italians didn't have the tomato, the Irish didn't have the potato, half the British National Dish—Fish and Chips—didn't exist. The Russians didn't have the potato, nor did they have vodka from the potato. There were no chiles in any Asian cuisine anywhere in the world, nor were there any chiles in any East Indian cuisine dishes, including curries. And the French had no confection using either vanilla or chocolate. So the Old World was a completely different place. | Potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla were not available in the Old World prior to the European discovery of the Americas |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An American filmmaker has attempted to recapture something that is inevitably lost with time – the ability to see the world through the eyes of a child. Attaching a GoPro camera to his son, the man from Denver, Colorado threw him in the air a number of times to record footage of his perspective. Explaining his idea at the start of the video, the dad says: ‘I was always curious what JJ saw when we threw him in the air. ‘So we are going to put the GoPro on the baby and throw him in the air, and then I’m going to let him see my side.’ The dad gets the experiment underway after counting down from three and the youngster begins laughing in excitement. The camera picks up the sense of speed as the baby is propelled from the father’s arms before stopping in the air and returning to him safely. After explaining his idea to the camera the dad prepares to throw his son into the air by counting down from three . Up, up and away! The baby's perspective captures the snowy garden, the dog and his dad awaiting his return . Catching a view of the whole garden, the camera picks up the surrounding snow, the shadows from the tree, the dog looking upwards curiously and the father awaiting his son’s landing. After throwing and catching his son a few times, the video maker attaches the camera to himself and repeats the process, capturing the game from his perspective. Holding his son in his hands, the youngster bobs in and out of shot on the three count before he is propelled upwards into the air. The video maker attaches the camera to himself and records his perspective of his son being thrown into the air . The youngster looks thrilled after being repeatedly thrown into the air and caught by his father . Stretching out his arms for balance, the youngster looks a mixture of thrilled and nervous as he comes hurtling back down to earth and into his father’s hands. The video concludes with the video maker holding his son in his stretched arms while he spins around on the spot. The youngster opens his mouth and laughs in enjoyment as the garden twirls around him before his father throws him into the air a final two times. The clip concludes with the dad spinning his son around a few times before throwing him into the air twice more . | The filmmaker admits he was curious to see the world from son's eyes . Straps camera to him and repeatedly throws him up into the air . Before attaching the camera to himself and capturing his perspective . The video was recorded in the filmmaker's garden in Denver, Colorado . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Robin van Persie has targeted the Manchester derby on April 12 for his return from injury. The Manchester United striker has missed the last five games after suffering ankle ligament damage in the 2-1 defeat at Swansea more than a month ago. But Van Persie believes he will be back in time for the Premier League clash with City at Old Trafford as Louis van Gaal’s side fight for second place with their neighbours, who are currently two points ahead. The Dutchman scored a memorable late winner at the Etihad in 2012 to help United seize the title back from City. Robin van Persie could return from injury in time for next month's Manchester derby against rivals City . The Dutchman scored a memorable late winner at the Etihad in 2012 to help United seize the title . Van Persie has spent some time at home in Holland during his layoff, but he has been working hard in the gym under the supervision of United physio Matt Radcliffe and is expected to step up his rehabilitation during the international break. United have coped well in Van Persie’s absence, winning all four Premier League games – beating top-four rivals Liverpool and Tottenham – but lost in the FA Cup against his old club Arsenal. The 31-year-old has scored 10 goals in 26 games for his club this season, although he admitted in January that his form has not been good enough and is uncertain if United will offer him a contract extension before his current deal runs out in 15 months’ time. Van Persie has missed the last five games after suffering ankle ligament damage in the 2-1 defeat at Swansea . United have coped well in Van Persie’s absence, winning all four Premier League games . | Robin van Persie injured his ankle against Swansea last month . The striker believes he will be back in time for the Manchester derby . Manchester United are fourth in the table, two points behind rivals City . READ: Radamel Falcao will be offered to Liverpool on loan this summer . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)It's seen a rapacious Leonardo DiCaprio rip-off the gullible, Sarah Jessica Parker ponder sweet amor and an air-headed Brad Pitt harbor intentions of blackmailing a CIA agent -- all just a bridge away from the madness of Manhattan. In the old times, Brooklyn's historic Navy Yard would be lucky to attract the stars of the silver screen to a USO show. Today, its home to one of the largest film studios outside of Hollywood. The "Wolf of Wall Street", "Sex and the City Two" and "Burn After Reading" are just a few of the major motion pictures shot at Steiner Studios in recent times. More than 40 feature length and TV productions were filmed here in the last year alone. Studio chairman, Doug Steiner, opened the site just over 10 years ago. "It was really awful looking with wild dogs -- literally wild dogs -- roaming the streets here," Steiner said. "I liked the industrial landscape a lot and the opportunity. To me Brooklyn was a great opportunity waiting to happen because of the proximity to Manhattan." At its peak during World War II, the Brooklyn Navy Yard employed some 70,000 people. But the 1.2 square kilometer site fell into steep decline in the 1960s when the sailors moved out. Today, the yard is a vastly different place -- and not just because of the Hollywood A-listers strutting around. A non-profit corporation has been regenerating the location with the aim of creating new employment opportunities since the turn of the century. Steiner studios was one of the first tenants but others have followed. One former warehouse represents the corporation's biggest project to date, with more than 90,000 square meters of space up for grabs and the potential creation of 3,000 new jobs. "I think our influence on Brooklyn in general has been quite substantial," said David Ehrenberg, CEO of the Brooklyn Naval Yard Development Corporation. "We were the first entity that started investing substantially back into these old buildings on the Brooklyn waterfront. "And to some extent (we) proved a concept -- that manufacturing and industrial and creative companies would want to take root in Brooklyn," Ehrenberg said. Being at the forefront of these wider trends has helped attract a new type of workforce to the area. Steiner says housing prices within half a kilometer have risen up to ten times. Some 1,500 people already work at the studio, which is set on a path of rapid expansion. It is benefiting from the explosion in demand for high quality content across mobile devices - and Steiner sees it as part of a wider trend. "Old media has always been based in New York City and continues to be based (here), film and television has been anchored in LA and high-tech has always been in northern California," Steiner said. "But I think right now we're seeing everything coming together in New York." | Brooklyn Navy Yard has been transformed from disused site into hub of commercial activity . Location now houses one of the largest film studios outside of Hollywood . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A woman who had her phone stolen will be reunited with it after the selfie of the man who handed it into police that appeared on her Facebook wall went viral. Nicola Shelton, 33, was partying with friends at Lala Land in Byron Bay, on the New South Wales' north coast, on Valentine's Day when her bag was stolen with her phone, wallet and cards inside. She thought she would never see her iPhone again, but then on Wednesday someone posted a selfie of themselves at Byron Bay on her Facebook wall. Nicola Shelton got a shock when a man taking a selfie appeared on her Facebook wall without her knowledge . Earlier in February her phone had been stolen in Byron Bay and she started sharing the selfie to get her phone back . Ms Shelton's boyfriend alerted the Melbourne woman to the post while she at work. 'It was an awful feeling [seeing the photo]. My boyfriend asked "why are you posting photos of these boys on your Facebook page?"' she told Daily Mail Australia. The photo shows a picture of man smiling at the camera while another climbs over rocks at the beach in the background. At first, Ms Shelton thought the man in the picture was the one who stole her phone and re-posted the photo in an attempt to get her phone back. Almost two weeks later, the selfie appeared on her Facebook wall and Ms Shelton thought the man in it stole her phone, but he later apologised - saying he had bought the phone off someone else . 'Straight after I saw it I re-shared it and changed the subject to "This is the person who has my iPhone" and it started gaining momentum,' she said. So far, the post has been shared on social media almost 20,000 times. 'I was absolutely dumbfounded. At first when I re-shared photo I didn't think anything would come from it,' Ms Shelton said. 'But people were messaging me and wishing me luck, people I didn't know, it was bizarre.' After the post started to gain traction, the man in the photo messaged Ms Shelton on Facebook and apologised. He said he saw her sharing his photo and had bought her phone off someone else. The man told Ms Shelton he was going to hand the phone over to the police. To her relief, she got a call from Byron Bay police and the phone will soon be returned to its owner. 'I’m just amazed by the help from people I don't even know. I'm happy to get my phone back,' Ms Shelton told Daily Mail Australia. | Nicola Shelton, 33, lost her phone on Valentine's Day at Byron Bay, NSW . The new male owner of the phone posted a selfie on her Facebook page . Ms Shelton then shared photo thinking he was the one who stole her phone . The man in the selfie contacts her and apologises for having her iPhone . He said he bought her stolen phone off someone and returned it to police . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Gary Lineker has claimed it would be a 'national disgrace' if Premier League clubs tried to prevent their players playing for England in this summer's European Under-21 Championship. England Under-21s twice came from behind to win 3-2 over Germany in a friendly at Middlesbrough's Riverside Stadium on Monday night. And former England striker Lineker reckons Gareth Southgate's squad for the tournament in the Czech Republic should include eligible players from the senior squad to give them the best chance of success. James Ward-Prowse celebrates after scoring the winner in England Under 21's 3-2 defeat of Germany . Saints midfielder completed an unlikely comeback that saw two late goals scored in three minutes . Nathan Redmond leaps for joy after bringing England level at 2-2 with a deflected shot in the second half . Jesse Lindgard brought England level for the first time with a composed finish from Carl Jenkinson's cross . He said on Twitter: 'England's U21's beat Germany. Add a few from the full squad and they could win Euros this summer. Must include all our best youngsters. MUST. 'Tournament football experience is hugely beneficial. If clubs try and pull their players out it would be a national disgrace. 'The PL clubs misunderstanding of the massively positive impact a successful national side would have on the PL has always baffled me.' Perseverance paid off when Redmond brought the sides level for a second time with a deflected shot . Burnley forward Danny Ings embraces Lingard as the two teams head in level at half time . | The England Under 21s beat Germany in a friendly on Monday night . Gary Lineker feels Gareth Southgate's side has a big chance in summer . Squad travel to Czech Republic for European Under-21 Championship . Lineker feels clubs should not stop players from linking up with the squad . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Need some inspiration deciding who to back at Cheltenham? Sportsmail's Marcus Townend and Peter Scudamore reveal their favourites... Peter Scudamore - Eight-time champion jockey and rider of 13 Festival winners . HARGAM (Triumph Hurdle, 1.30) No secret that this is regarded as one of AP McCoy’s best chances of the week. He was recruited from France, where he showed decent form on the Flat, and although he was beaten by a good rival on his hurdling debut, has won his two races since. Last time out he slammed Starchitect, who ran a commendable fourth in the Fred Winter Juvenile Handicap Hurdle here on Tuesday. BEST ODDS: 6-1 . AP McCoy and Hargam won the JCB Triumph Hurdle Trial at Cheltenham in December . HOLYWELL (Gold Cup, 3.20) Rain would admittedly diminish confidence in Jonjo O’Neill’s runner but he has all the credentials to run really well. He has won at the past two Festivals, peaks at this time of year and has been re-fitted with the blinkers which seem to bring out the best in him. His last time out victory at Kelso indicated the spark had been rekindled in this gelding by his shrewd trainer after a couple of moderate efforts. BEST ODDS: 9-1 . CURRENT EVENT (Foxhunters’ Chase, 4.0) Owned, but not trained, by Paul Nicholls and prepared for this race by one of his long-time staff, Rose Loxton. Had won his previous seven point-to-points before being taken up to Musselburgh where he sauntered home in a Hunter Chase. Paul Nicholls is pictured with Sir Alex Ferguson and owns Current Event . BEST ODDS: 9-1 . NEXT SENSATION (Grand Annual Chase, 5.15) Fourth in this race last year after trying to make all the running and only being overhauled after the last fence. He races off a similar handicap mark and, while his form this season has been a touch below par, he has had a breathing operation since his last run. BEST ODDS: 10-1 . CAPTAIN HEATH - Marcus Townend on the best each-way bets . KAREZAK (Triumph Hurdle, 1.30) Alan King’s entry has been locking horns with the best juvenile hurdlers all season and, while a sequence of four second places might seem off-putting, he does not lack heart. Fast pace should play to his strengths and could hit the frame. BEST ODDS: 20-1 . Karezak (pictured right) is a decent each way bet in the opener on the Festival's final day . TEA FOR TWO (Albert Bartlett Novices’ Hurdle, 2.40) Romped home in January’s Lanzarote Hurdle at Kempton and subsequently beaten at Ascot. But those races were at a shorter distance and the mount of Lizzie Kelly shapes as if he will improve for the greater stamina test. BEST ODDS: 33-1 . THE GIANT BOLSTER (Gold Cup, 3.20) Has become a regular in this race having finished second, fourth and third in the last three runnings. Form this season has been unspectacular but this has been the day local trainer David Bridgwater has trained him for all season. Hard to see him winning but easier to see him in the places under regular jockey Tom Scudamore. BEST ODDS: 33-1 . HOTSPOTS . Work Whisper: One Last Dream (Wolverhampton, 5.45) Weighting Game: That’s The Deal (Fakenham, 2.55). Down 22lb from last winning mark. Burnt Fingers: Revolutionist (Lingfield, 4.25) | Peter Scudamore fancies Hargam to give AP McCoy the perfect start to his final day at Cheltenham in the Triumph Hurdle . The eight-time champion jockey also reckons Holywell has the chance to run well in the Gold Cup . Scudamore, who rode 13 Festival winners, also fancies Current Event in the Foxhunters' Chase and Next Sensation in the Grand Annual Chase . Meanwhile, Marcus Townend highlights Karezak in the Triumph Hurdle, Tea For Two in the Albert Bartlett Novices’ Hurdle and The Giant Bolster in the Gold Cup as decent each way punts . Read Sam Turner's tips here . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Two Los Angeles police officers were wounded in gunfire late Sunday, and police told local media they believe the officers were targeted. They were on duty in South L.A., when gunfire erupted in the early evening, grazing both of them, said Officer Cory Meisner. They both sustained minor injuries and were treated at the scene. One of the officers had to have bullet fragments removed from his arm later, according to the LAPD. The Los Angeles Times reported that the officers had been driving through the neighborhood dressed in plain clothes. The officers returned fire, and several suspects scattered, Det. Meghan Aguilar told the newspaper, adding that the officers believed that they were targeted. But a public information officer for the LAPD disputes that possibility. "The officers were in plain clothes," Rosario Herrera told CNN. "This cannot be called targeting. The narcotics officers from the 77th division were driving in an unmarked police vehicle around 64th and Broadway when they were shot at and they returned fire." Three individuals were detained for questioning, according to Herrera, but were not arrested. The names of the injured officers have not been released. | Plainclothes officers were wounded by gunfire . LA Times: Police believe they were targeted . LAPD PIO: "This cannot be called targeting" |
From the text below, tell me where Mount Balinhard got its name. | Mount Balinhard is a summit in Alberta, Canada.
Mount Balinhard was named for a title bestowed on the Earl of Southesk. | Balinhard was a title bestowed on the Earl of Southesk, from which Mount Balinhard gets its name. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | John Inverdale’s latest on-air gaffe - inadvertently blurting out the c-word - has come at the worst possible time for his career. The host of Radio 5 Live’s Cheltenham coverage was in conversation with jockey Lizzie Kelly and former champion John Francome. They were chatting about Francome’s early days in racing when Inverdale said: ‘This is looking at it with rose-c***** — rose-tinted glasses from the past ... I apologise there for a slip of the tongue, but Lizzie your love of the sport just shines through.’ John Inverdale inadvertently said 'rose-c***** glasses' live on air during Radio 5 Live's Cheltenham coverage . The blunder comes just over a fortnight before ITV are due to announce their Rugby World Cup line-up. Inverdale was in pole position to be lead presenter after a sure-footed anchoring of the RBS 6 Nations helped restore his reputation following his crass remarks at Wimbledon 2013, when he said women’s champion Marion Bartoli was ‘never going to be a looker’. That incident caused Secretary of State Maria Miller to complain to BBC director-general Tony Hall, who wrote back saying Inverdale had been told ‘an incident of this nature must never happen again’. The BBC apologised but Inverdale could pay the price when ITV name their Rugby World Cup line-up . Paul Downton, managing director of England Cricket, must realise his job would be untenable if Peter Moores, whom he appointed as coach, is axed after the World Cup debacle. Downton naively rounded on a group of cricket reporters in Wellington during his stay at the tournament to ask them to lay off the beleaguered Moores and get behind him instead. If any move galvanises journalists to do the opposite to what they’re told, it’s a crass move like that. ECB managing director Paul Downton (left) asked reporters to get behind coach Peter Moores (right) Olympic gold medal cyclist Victoria Pendleton, who is taking a year to learn how to ride well enough to complete in next year’s Foxhunter Chase Challenge Cup, will be at Cheltenham on Wednesday to gain more knowledge of racing. Pendleton will be a guest of her sponsors Betfair, who have PR company Pitch and racing strategist John Maxse to plot her course. This looks like a fanciful promotional ploy but everyone involved insists it is a serious venture. The proof will be seeing Pendleton in the saddle next March. Victoria Pendleton will be at Cheltenham on Wednesday as she bids to learn more about racing . The Olympic gold medal cyclist aims to complete as a jockey in next year’s Foxhunter Chase Challenge Cup . Sky pundit Sir Ian Botham was not only allowed to miss England’s World Cup loss to Bangladesh in Adelaide so he could prepare for a golf pro-am at the New Zealand Open in Queenstown. It has also emerged that he persuaded Sky and host broadcasters Star to let him be based in New Zealand because he loves the outdoor life over there. Cricket World Cup broadcasters Sky Sports and Star allowed Sir Ian Botham be based in New Zealand because he likes the outdoors there - even if it meant he missed England's humiliating exit . Have 4,335 for the road! Paddy Power, who specialise in causing mischief at Cheltenham, were tame by their standards on Tuesday, handing out a proposed 4,335 pints from a pop-up pub on the way to the course to recognise Tony McCoy’s career winning rides. McCoy’s representatives complained about the stunt, which the bookmakers are not repeating. Meanwhile, the name of Cheltenham’s new £40million grandstand is to be decided by racecourse management and Jockey Club owners. But as the royal box is situated in the building, and given the make-up of the selection committee, a royal name is odds-on favourite. West Ham, who have many racing enthusiasts in their squad, will be envious of Cardiff City and Aston Villa being Cheltenham guests of Betway - the Hammers’ new kit sponsors. But West Ham manager Sam Allardyce has taken the players training in Dubai this week, meaning they will miss the Festival and Betway’s notable hospitality. West Ham's Enner Valencia, Adrian and Cheikhou Kouyate at Dubai Mall during a break from training . The FA’s strong opposition to the 2022 World Cup in Qatar hasn’t stopped them hosting their national team over here. The Qataris will be training at St George’s Park in May before a friendly against Northern Ireland to be played in the Midlands. This is despite FA chairman Greg Dyke saying of the most controversial tournament in football history: ‘The best option would be to not hold it in Qatar, but we are now beyond that so November-December would seem to be the best of the bad options.’ The FA say Qatar using SGP is purely a commercial matter, aimed at making sure the facility is used as much as possible. Wayne Rooney trains at St George's Park with the England squad, where the FA will welcome the Qatar national team in May despite outspoken opposition to the country hosting the 2022 World Cup . | John Inverdale said rose-c***** when he meant rose-tinted glasses . Gaffe came during an interview for Radio 5 Live’s Cheltenham coverage . It comes just as ITV prepare to announce their Rugby World Cup line-up . Paul Downton made crass request to reporters to support Peter Moores . Future jumps jockey Victoria Pendleton at Cheltenham on Wednesday . Sky Sports and Star bow to Sir Ian Botham's New Zealand requests . |
Which duke visited Swarcliffe Hall in 1888? | Swarcliffe Hall is a large hall that was constructed in 1800 in Birstwith, near Harrogate, England. The current house was built by John Greenwood in 1850, who engaged Major Rohde Hawkins as his architect, and is a Grade II listed building.
The original Swarcliffe Hall was built on the site c1800 by the Blessard family, however the current hall which was built by the Greenwood family was completed in 1850. Charlotte Brontë was employed as a governess at the hall in 1839 and it is said her time spent there helped inspire her novel Jane Eyre.
Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale visited the hall in 1888 and again during the following year whilst opening the New Bath Hospital in nearby Harrogate. | Prince Albert Victor |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Hull City will be able to make another bid to change their name to Hull Tigers after an arbitration panel set aside the Football Association's decision to reject the name change. The club's owner Assem Allam wants to re-brand the club but the name change was rejected by the FA Council last year. Now an arbitration tribunal has ruled the name should remain Hull City for the time being but that the Council's decision be set aside after the involvement of Football Supporters' Federation chairman Malcolm Clarke on the sub-committee which recommended the name change be rejected. Hull City are free to make a new application to change their name to Hull Tigers . Hull owner Assem Allam, pictured in August 2014, wants to change the club's name to Hull Tigers . The findings of the arbitration tribunal stated: 'We have concluded that the decision of the council cannot stand. We set it aside. 'At this stage of the season it would be impractical and wholly inappropriate to direct the association to make a fresh decision to take effect during the current season. 'The club is free to make a new application.' Hull managed to claim a point against Leicester despite Tom Huddlestone's 72nd-minute dismissal . | Hull City owner Assem Allam wants to change name to Hull Tigers . Proposed name change was rejected by the FA Council in April 2014 . Arbitration panel have given Hull permission to make new application . |
What is Sarisariñama? | Cerro Sarisariñama is a tepui, a flat-topped mountain in Jaua-Sarisariñama National Park at the far south-west of Bolívar State, Venezuela, near the border with Brazil. Its altitude range is between 300 m (980 ft) and 2,350 m (7,710 ft). The name of the mountain originates from the tale of local Ye'kuana Indians about an evil spirit living in caves up in the mountain and devouring human flesh with a sound "Sari... sari...". | Cerro Sarisariñama is a tepui, a flat-topped mountain in Jaua-Sarisariñama National Park at the far south-west of Bolívar State, Venezuela, near the border with Brazil. Its altitude range is between 300 m (980 ft) and 2,350 m (7,710 ft). The name of the mountain originates from the tale of local Ye'kuana Indians about an evil spirit living in caves up in the mountain and devouring human flesh with a sound "Sari... sari...".
The tepui is in one of the most remote areas in the country, with the closest road being 35 miles to the northeast.[citation needed] |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Inter Milan manager Roberto Mancini has stepped up his charm offensive in an attempt to spark a move for Manchester City midfielder Yaya Toure. The former City manager wants to bring Toure to Milan after his spell as boss of the Ivorian midfielder powerhouse at the Etihad Stadium between 2010 and 2013. And Mancini has cheekily hinted that Toure would fancy a move to Italy after a difficult season with City chasing Chelsea in the Barclays Premier League title race. Yaya Toure (left) is wanted by Roberto Mancini (right) at Inter Milan after their time at Manchester City . Mancini poses with Aleksandar Kolarov, David Silva, Toure and Jerome Boateng (L-R) when signing them . 'Yaya has played in every top League, apart from Germany and Italy,' Mancini said. 'If, as it seems, he wants to have an experience in Italy, then there is this possibility he could come here. 'It won’t be easy, but he’s a player with incredible technique and character. Would Inter be his first choice? That’s certain.' Mancini claims Toure 'seems' to want a move to Inter Milan despite having two years left on his City contract . Mancini is back as Inter Milan manager and wants to bring high-profile players to Italy's Serie A . Toure has two years left on his City contract, and there seems no chance that the Premier League champions would be interested in selling a star player and part of the spine of Manuel Pellegrini's team. And Pellegrini has spoken out previously to confirm that Toure will not be leaving - not that it's stopping Mancini. Last month Pellegrini said: 'I don’t have an opinion about what another manager says about Yaya. 'Of course, every manager of every team would want Yaya in their team but I don’t have anything to say about that.' Toure rues a missed chance for City - and he has struggled to match their usual standards at times this year . Manuel Pellegrini says Mancini can forget about signing Toure but the Italian won't seem to back down . And Mancini certainly seems interested in his former players, having also tried to sign City youth product from Fiorentina, where he is on loan, in January. 'We did try to get him, as he was my player at City,' Mancini told Gazzetta TV. 'Fiorentina seemed open to it, but the move didn’t go through.' Mancini's Inter are struggling in Serie A this season and face missing out on Champions League football again, with the Nerazzurri sitting ninth in the table. | Inter Milan manager Roberto Mancini wants Manchester City's Yaya Toure . Toure played under Mancini in City's Premier League winning side of 2012 . Mancini says it seems Toure wants to move to Italy with Inter his No 1 pick . City are unlikely to want to sell such a key player despite Toure being 31 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)What does it take to help a single dolphin entangled in fishing line? In the recent case of a dolphin calf rescued off the eastern coast of Florida, about two days of effort involving seven boats and 35 people from 12 institutions and organizations. And that was after four weeks spent finding him and evaluating his situation to see whether it warranted intervention. With spring approaching, marine experts say it's a good reminder to look after your belongings when you take to the water. From plastic bags to swimming trunks to crab pots, marine life can get entangled in all manner of human debris. With limited time and resources, experts can't save them all. "You really want to make sure you keep all your hands on your stuff," said Elizabeth Stratton, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries' assistant marine mammal stranding coordinator for the southeast region. "We feel a special responsibility in cases where an animal's health is in danger because of debris introduced by humans," said Stratton, who was involved in last week's rescue. So where does an intervention begin? A couple spotted the calf off the coast of Fort Pierce with monofilament line wrapped around his rostrum, or snout. The mammal was riding the wake of their boat. They reported it January 18 to the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, which set out to find the calf and his mother. The group found the pair and took more pictures, which were sent to the NOAA Fisheries on February 9 for evaluation. The photos revealed monofilament line wrapped around the calf's upper jaw, cutting into the tissue to the bone, threatening his ability to eat or possibly leading to infection. Veterinarians who reviewed the photos deemed the injuries potentially life-threatening. "We can't disentangle every animal," Stratton said, "but If it comes back as life-threatening, we mobilize to do disentanglement." The next step was to find the creatures again. Through characteristics on the mother's dorsal fin, the group was able to identify her through records on file and target her home range for a search. After a two-day search, the group found the dolphins on Friday and approached for intervention. The process took about an hour, from netting the calf and his mother to sending them on their way, Stratton said. Apart from the fishing line both mother and son were in good condition. Rescuers gave the calf a long-lasting antibiotic and radio-tagged the mother before releasing them to the ocean "where they belong," Stratton said. The moral of the story for humans: "Be conscious of your gear." To report an injured marine mammal, call 877-WHALEHELP (877-942-5343). | It took about four weeks and an hour for rescuers to help a dolphin calf . Fishing line was wrapped around its rostrum . Dolphin was rescued off the eastern coast of Florida . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The last time Liverpool finished outside the top eight in England’s top division was in the 1961-62 season, when they weren’t even in the top division. They were winning the old Second Division title that year, ending an eight-year spell outside the top flight, one of the rare periods in their history when they have played below the elite. In the 110 seasons they have played league football since promotion from the Lancashire League to the Second Division of the Football League in 1893, they have finished, on average, eighth. That means they have the highest average finish, all-time, of any club. Their precise average finish is 8.26, which puts them ahead of next-best Arsenal (average finish 8.78, also in 110 seasons) and third-placed Everton, who have averaged a placing of 9.71 in their 115 league seasons. Daniel Sturridge equalises for Liverpool at Anfield against Manchester United on Sunday . Liverpool players celebrate in the dressing room having won the Division One title in 1990 . Luis Suarez, now at Barcelona, guided Liverpool to second place in the Premier League last season . The average finishing positions have been calculated as part of a MailSport study to explore which English clubs are the ‘biggest’; 59 different teams of the current 92 in the top four divisions have been considered, having played in England’s top division for at least a season. Liverpool’s incredible consistency over time means they have only spent 11 seasons of 110 outside the top division. Those were their inaugural season, plus 1895-96, then 1904-05, then the eight-year spell between 1954 and 1962. At the peak of their powers, between 1972-73 and 1990-91, they finished outside the top two in the top division just once, when they were fifth in 1980-81. Chelsea, celebrating a 3-2 win at Hull on Saturday, lead the Premier League this season so far . Phil Neal is pictured with the UEFA Cup, Charity Shield, and League Championship trophies in 1976 . Arsenal last won the Premier League title in 2004, when they went unbeaten for the entire season . Steve McMahon (centre) lifts with Division One trophy in 1986 with his Liverpool team-mates . In that 19-year period Liverpool won the title 11 times and their finishing positions in a list looked like this: 1-2-2-1-1-2-1-1-5-1-1-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2. Arsenal have been in the top division non-stop since 1919-20 but had 13 seasons in the second tier at times before that. Although famously a top-four team since Arsene Wenger arrived in 1996-97, they have finished outside the top 10 as recently as 1994-95 (when 12th) and were distinctly mediocre and finishing well down the pecking order in the mid-1970s. Everton are one of 10 current league clubs who have played all 115 seasons since the league began in 1888-89; the others being Preston, Aston Villa, Wolves, Blackburn, Bolton, West Brom, Burnley, Derby and Notts County. Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger has kept the Gunners in the Premier League top four since 1997 . Former Arsenal forward Paul Merson celebrates scoring against Liverpool as the Gunners won the 1991 title . Arsenal broke Liverpool's dominance of Division One to win the title in 1989, held by Tony Adams . Kevin Ratcliffe holds the Division One title up, after Everton won the Championship in 1987 . Everton have had an unbroken run in the top division since 1954 and have only ever played four seasons lower down, from 1951 to 1954 and for a single season in 1930-31 before that - when they won the Second Division. Manchester United are the fourth-best club in average finish (from 111 seasons), followed by Villa, Tottenham, Chelsea, Newcastle, Manchester City and Sunderland. The best team in this regard currently outside the Premier League are Leeds. Steven Naismith (left) and James McCarthy celebrate during a recent Merseyside derby this season . | Between 1972-73 and 1990-91 Liverpool finished outside the top two in the top division just once, winning the title 11 times . Arsenal and Everton follow behind with 8.78 and 9.71 average finishes . Everton are one of 10 current league clubs who have played all 115 seasons since the league began in 1888-89 . Sportsmail's HOW BIG IS YOUR CLUB? study finally settles great debate . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An aspiring foreign manager emboldened by radical ideas meets a settled, ego-fuelled dressing room that’s enjoyed no little success. Sound familiar? For Peter Lawwell, the warning signs upon appointing Ronny Deila to the Celtic manager’s post last summer were to be found not a million miles from home. When Paul le Guen arrived at Rangers in the summer of 2006, there seemed solid grounds for fans of the Ibrox club not to question if the Frenchman would be a runaway success, but to just what extent. Celtic manager Ronny Deila (left) and chief executive Peter Lawwell launch new kit deal at Celtic Park . Lawwell has dismissed comparison between Deila and former Rangers boss Paul le Guen (right) After a difficult start, Deila has started to turn things around at Parkhead . This was, after all, not only a coach who had brought three successive titles to the Ligue 1 club Lyon, but one who had made them a name to be feared across Europe. If le Guen could drop just a little of his je ne sais quoi into the Ibrox water, the sky would be the limit. So went the theory, anyway. Yet, by January 4 the following year, the Frenchman was already history — his departure a cautionary tale of too much, too soon, resistance to change and the importance of unstinting backing from the boardroom. Disastrous though le Guen’s short tenure was, to this day it’s only natural for the rump of the Rangers support to wonder what might have transpired had he been afforded more time. Fast-forward eight years to the start of this season and — on the other half of the city — parallels with the Frenchman were being drawn. Whilst Stromsgodset were much further down the football food-chain than Lyon, Deila still arrived with the pedigree of being a league winner as a manager. And, just as le Guen had faced resistance from a squad used to Alex McLeish’s methods for so long, much of the Norwegian’s methodology was bound to grate with a squad that had thrived under Neil Lennon. When domestic reverses began to intertwine with European capitulations, there seemed a danger that history might repeat itself. Lyon's former league winning manager Le Guen arrived at Ibrox with a big reputation in 2006 . The Frenchman left Rangers the following January after losing games and the dressing room . ‘When we set off with him, we knew we were going to give him time,’ Lawwell insisted. ‘If you go back to le Guen — I always say to Ronny about the “le Guen hump”. ‘When he came in, he’d won three-in-a-row in France, had new ideas, a new philosophy and a new culture. ‘It didn’t work. It was revolution rather than evolution. Bang. The players revolted and he went out. ‘So we had to get over that le Guen hump if you like and manage through that. ‘You get the players on board and get everything settled down. He’s done that brilliantly.’ Notwithstanding Wednesday’s home defeat to St Johnstone, there is no disputing the fact that both the manager and his players are now in a much brighter place. Earlier this week, John Hartson eloquently described how he now looks at Celtic’ s early struggles under the Norwegian as almost being in a different season and few who witnessed them will find that difficult to relate to. But, asked if — in the dark moments of autumn — he privately harboured doubts about the man he championed, Lawwell was unambiguous. The Norwegian manager looks on during Celtic's 1-0 defeat to St Johnstone on Wednesday . Despite the defeat, the Hoops are six points clear at the top of the Scottish Premiership table . ‘We’re paid for these judgment calls and there was never any question of knee-jerk reactions to a bad result, or a bad couple of results,’ he insisted. ‘Genuinely, when Ronny came in, we understood where he was strong and where he was weak; he was weak in terms of experience. ‘Nothing prepares you for Celtic, as a manager or even a player coming here. We knew there would be a transitional period. We knew it would be a baptism of fire. The Champions League was right on us. There was a risk. ‘But when we appointed him, we assessed that risk, and felt for the long-term good of the club it was the right thing to do. Ronny is a creator. He will create a team, he will create players. ‘We can’t afford or can get into the market for Champions League players so we need someone who creates Champions League players, and that is what he does. He is a developer of players and that takes time. ‘He is a highly intelligent guy; he is a progressive coach and, through time, it will prove that we were right. We feel we are making progress; we have won nothing, yet. But hopefully in the short and longer term, he will create a fantastic team for Celtic.’ The first opportunity for a tangible sign of that progress comes in the form of the League Cup Final with Dundee United at Hampden on Sunday week. In terms of a turning point for a season that at one point threatened to implode, Lawwell feels the injury-time win with 10 men at Pittodrie in early November — followed by the Ronny Roar at its most ferocious — was it. Deila trains with his players, with Lawwell insisting the former Stromsgodset boss 'creates' a team . Deila shares a laugh with Manchester City loanee John Guidetta (left) during a training session . ‘I think that was a change, yes,’ Lawwell reflected. ‘No question. That helped change the fans’ perception of him in terms of his emotion that day.’ Ultimately, Deila’s appointment was sanctioned by the board but it was the chief executive who first put his neck on the line for him. ‘My job is to recommend, and the board and Dermot (Desmond) backed that,’ he explained. ‘It is the same with any manager. ‘You get paid to make judgment calls. Some are right, some are wrong. This was the big one. It is the normal pressure for the job I am in. ‘We have a strong relationship. I have been here long enough. I have supported Celtic all my life. I know the west of Scotland, I know Glasgow and, hopefully, I know a bit about Scottish football. ‘So I think that was a help to him. No matter who it is, nothing prepares you for the intensity of this job. You guys (in the media) know the intensity of it, the scrutiny of it. He is a young guy, but he is a quick learner. With a tail wind and a bit of luck, he can be a great manager. ‘His personality is beginning to come out. He is a leader. He has all the attributes and qualities to be a great manager. All you need is a bit of luck and be in the right time and the right place.’ Deila will get his first chance for silverware when Celtic face Dundee United in the League Cup final . Lawwell has given Deila 8/10 for results and 10/10 for showing progress in his debut season . The destination of the season’s major prizes may yet be unknown but Lawwell isn’ t of a mind to hide Deila’s light under a bushel. Asked to rate his success to date in terms of a mark out of 10, Lawwell replied: ‘In terms of results, eight. In term of coming in and acclimatising and showing progress, 10. ‘He has become more relaxed, more confident. Results bring that. He is fitting in to the environment here and outside, which again is a big change for him. The players are buying into him. The players are with him, you can see that with the team. That is giving him the confidence to push on.’ | Ex-Lyon boss Paul le Guen arrived at Rangers with big reputation in 2006 . Frenchman was sacked in January 2007 after a disastrous tenure at Ibrox . Celtic chief Peter Lawwell has dismissed similarities with Ronny Deila after Norwegian recovered from a difficult start . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Thousands of furious Indians swarmed the streets to publicly - and violently - kill a man who was suspected of being a rapist. The pictures have emerged after they broke into a prison, kidnapped the man, stripped him naked and mercilessly beat him to death in front of a frenzied crowd. A 25-year-old believed to be part of the mob was injured when police opened fire and he later died in hospital. Taking justice into their own hands, the angry crowd was a terrifying portrayal of the country's increasingly aggressive stance against sexual violence. Scroll down for video . Furious: Several thousand people gathered as the man (pictured, top) accused of raping a girl last month was mercilessly beaten to death . Chilling: Despite the horrific and public nature of the attack, the violent mob is an embodiment of the country's increasingly tough stance towards - and disgust for sexual violence . Lynched: The gang overpowered security at the Central Jail in the city of Dimapur and grabbed the man before beating him to death. It is unclear whether he is dead in this shocking image . Shocking: The man allegedly raped a student from a local women's college multiple times in February and he was arrested a day later . It overpowered security at the Central Jail in the city of Dimapur and grabbed the man who apparently raped a female student multiple times last month. According to local media reports, he died while being dragged four miles through the streets as people beat and pelted him with stones. He has been identified as a 35-year-old used car trader, according to The Indian Express. The man allegedly raped a student from a local women's college on February 24, and he was arrested a day later. 'A mass protest rally against the rape was held at Dimapur this morning after which students and angry people forced into the district jail and managed to pull out the accused,' the Press Trust of India news agency said. It has been reported the crowd tore down two gates before dragging him to the town's clock tower. It's said they also set fire to homes and shops in an area where the suspect ran his business. Several people were injured when police used batons and opened fire, while officers were hurt when the mob pelted them with stones in Nagaland state in northeast India. The police later removed the man's body. 'The situation is very tense,' town police superintendent Meren Jamir told the Hindustan Times. 'We are trying our very best to restore order.' Accused: The alleged rapist has been identified as a 35-year-old used car trader, according to The Indian Express . Protesters: A mass rally was held in Dimapur today by those who oppose the rape of a student last month . India is already in midst of a raging controversy over a government order to ban the broadcast of a documentary about the December 2012 gang-rape of a young student. The incident, which sparked outrage both in India and around the world, highlighted the frightening level of violence against women in the country. Horror: The crew obtained an interview with killer Mukesh Singh, who said the student was to blame . The Indian government has also asked YouTube to block access to the documentary, claiming that its broadcast violated certain key agreements with the filmmaker. But the Delhi gang-rape victim's father has called on all countrymen to watch the documentary, which showed his daughter's killer blaming the student for 'being out at night'. India's Daughter was described as the 'bitter truth' by the young woman's father after it quoted the views of her rapist Mukesh Singh, who is on death row over the 2012 attack. The film by award-winning Briton Leslee Udwin, who produced 1999 indie hit East is East, was due to air on the BBC and Indian news channel NDTV to mark International Women's Day this Sunday. But it was dropped by NDTV following the ban and the BBC brought forward its screening to last night, citing a strong public interest. Today India's Home Minister Rajnath Singh vowed there would be consequences for the Corporation, telling NDTV: 'We had asked to not release the documentary but BBC still released it. 'We will investigate and the MHA (Ministry of Home Affairs) will take action accordingly. The conditions have been breached so action will be taken accordingly. I won't comment any further.' The hour-long documentary aired as part of the long-running Storyville series on BBC Four, and is believed to have been accessed by many in India online. Today the victim's family showed their support for the film, saying the rapist's comments had to be be exposed because they expressed how many people still think. 'Everyone should see it': The father of the New Delhi bus gang-rape victim (pictured left with her mother) has urged his countrymen to watch a BBC documentary on the crime despite India's government banning it . The victim's father, who is named in the documentary but kept anonymous by some international news agencies, told NDTV the film was 'the bitter truth'. 'Everyone should watch the film,' he said. 'If a man can speak like that in jail, imagine what he would say if he was walking free?' The victim's mother added she did not object to the ban but believed Singh's views were widespread in India. 'I don't care what the government does, bans the film, doesn't ban the film, the only thing I know is that nobody is afraid,' she said. 'It is not only Mukesh who thinks like this.' Mukesh Singh was one of five men convicted over the rape and murder of the physiotherapy student, who was lured aboard a bus along with a friend in December 2012. Once inside, bus driver Singh, his brother Ram, gym instructor Vinay Sharma, 20, bus cleaner Akshay Thakur, 28, fruit-seller Pawan Gupta, 19, and an unnamed teenager launched the attack. The attackers beat her friend and took turns raping the woman. They penetrated her with a rod, leaving severe internal injuries that caused her death. She died a fortnight later after suffering terrible injuries to her abdomen, genitals and intestines. Her death prompted mass protests and led to speedier trials and tougher penalties for rape. Protest: The woman's death sparked outrage in India with many taking to the New Delhi streets to demand better protection for women and a change in a culture which sees them as second-class citizens . Mass protests: The December 2012 gang-rape and murder of a young physiotherapy student highlighted the frightening level of violence against women in India and led to a major reform of the country's rape laws . Yet many still hold the firm belief that women are subservient - illustrated by convict Singh, who told the documentary his victim would still be alive if she had not objected. 'When being raped, she shouldn't fight back,' he said. 'She should just be silent and allow the rape... Then they'd have dropped her off after "doing her", and only hit [her friend] the boy.' He claimed 'you can't clap with one hand - it takes two' and insisted: 'A decent girl won't roam around at 9 o'clock at night. 'A girl is far more responsible for rape than a boy. Boy and girl are not equal. 'Housework and housekeeping is for girls, not roaming in discos and bars at night doing wrong things, wearing wrong clothes. About 20 per cent of girls are good.' | WARNING: GRAPHIC CONTENT . Violent mob broke into prison in Dimapur city and kidnapped alleged rapist . Stripped and dragged four miles while being beaten and pelted with stones . Man believed to be part of the mob died in hospital after police opened fire . Crowd filmed the shocking incident on their phones as man died of injuries . The 35-year-old raped a student from a local women's college last month . A film about the 2012 gang-rape of a girl has been banned by authorities . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)On any other Wednesday morning, the steps in front of the Joseph-Koenig-Gymnasium would be packed with kids on their way to class, discussing homework, chattering about last night's TV shows, or laying out plans for the coming weekend. But not today. Instead, students approached in silence, carrying photographs and flowers. In small groups, the teenagers lined up to lay tributes to their lost classmates before hugging each other wordlessly, or dissolving into tears. At 10:53 a.m. Tuesday morning, this school in the small western German town of Haltern was changed forever by events more than 1,000 km (about 620 miles) away. A Germanwings plane carrying 16 of its pupils and their two teachers home from a school exchange trip to Spain crashed in the French Alps, killing all of those on board. Headmaster Ulrich Wessel said when the first reports of a crash came through he was still hopeful, thinking "perhaps they had missed the plane, or perhaps there was a second Germanwings flight at the same time." Instead, the worst was confirmed, leaving him "stunned and somewhat speechless," the community devastated and the classmates of the dead struggling to understand their loss. "A week ago Tuesday we sent 16 happy young people and two young colleagues off on a trip," Wessel told reporters. "What was intended as a school exchange ended in tragedy." Of the 16 teenagers killed, 14 were girls, and two boys; one of the two female teachers who died was a newlywed. In a post on the school's website, Wessel and other school representatives announced the names of the dead, "who will never again return to us," leaving all those concerned "unutterably sad." The teenagers who died were: Linda Bergjurgen, Elena Bless, Lea Druppel, Selina Eils, Gina Michelle Gerdes, Ann-Christin Hahn, Julia Hermann, Marleen Koch, Paula Lutkenhaus, Fabio Rogge, Rabea Scheideler, Lea Schukart, Helena Siebe, Steffen Strang, Aline Venhoff and Caja Westermann. The two teachers were identified as Sonja Cercek and Stefanie Tegethoff. As news of the crash spread, the area at the entrance to the school became a makeshift memorial, filled with red and white candles, notes and swiftly-painted signs. "Yesterday we were many, today we are alone," reads one. "Why?" demands another, with painful simplicity. Philippa, a friend of many of those who died, told CNN she was shocked by what had happened: "I knew all of them, they were in my grade. To some I was very close. "We had already planned things for the future, what we were going to do when they returned from their trip. It is very hard to believed that we cannot do that." Grief counselors, chaplains and psychologists have been brought in to the school to help all of those involved come to terms with the disaster. "I've told the students and teachers that we have to accept the sorrow and grieve," said Wessel. "I hope we will all get through it, if we share it." As the world's media descend on the town, messages of support have come flooding in too. The local newspaper is running an online book of condolence, in which people can leave messages of sympathy and "light" virtual candles to match the real ones flickering on the steps of the school. "A silent hug says more than many words," wrote Manuela Donovang. "Wishing the families, friends and relatives strength and comfort in the difficult days and months ahead." In his message, Udo Hentschel said the suffering of the parents, friends and families was "incomprehensible, unfathomable" and offered them his condolences: "This, the worst of all fates, will bind us all -- friends and strangers -- closer together." In an attempt to show that solidarity, schools across the region will share a moment of silence in memory of the dead on Friday at 10:53 a.m., the time the plane crashed. For the classmates of those who will never return, that silence will go on, as the seats they left empty remain unfilled in the weeks and months to come. "Our school is no longer what it once was," said Wessel. "In Haltern we had 1,283 students. It is horrifying that now we have 16 fewer." | German town of Haltern in mourning after loss of 16 students and two teachers in plane crash . Group was returning from school exchange trip to Spain when aircraft went down in French Alps . Headteacher says school is in mourning, classmates struggling to understand what happened . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Damaging splits have opened in the upper ranks of the Tory party over David Cameron’s plan to make a manifesto commitment to slash immigration. The Prime Minister and Home Secretary Theresa May have become increasingly isolated in their determination to fix a new measure for bringing net migration under control. Mr Cameron is considering including two different targets in next month’s manifesto – including a specific target to slash net migration from outside the EU, which, unlike EU migration, ministers can fully control. Tory rift: Splits have opened in the upper ranks of the Tories over David Cameron’s plan to make a manifesto commitment to slash immigration - with the Prime Minister and Theresa May becoming increasingly isolated . He is also expected to re-state his commitment to sharply reducing overall net migration. But senior figures, including Chancellor George Osborne, Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt and Communities Secretary Eric Pickles are understood to have voiced doubts about the idea. It follows the failure of Mr Cameron’s 2010 pledge to reduce overall net migration to the ‘tens of thousands’. Last week, the figure hit 300,000 – fuelled in large part by net migration from outside the EU of 190,000. Left-wing Tories outside of the Cabinet, who are in favour of a more relaxed borders policy, have seized on the figures as their moment to strike. They believe that, in the wake of this shuddering failure, it is easier to make the case for scrapping the target altogether. Yesterday, ex-Cabinet minister Kenneth Clarke said: ‘We will have to drop the target. It would not be possible to achieve it without damaging our economy quite severely. I’m afraid that the net migration target has proved to be a mistake.’ George Osborne is said to be among thoseto to have voiced doubts about the Prime Minister's idea . Baroness Warsi, a former Foreign Office minister, added: ‘If you set yourself unrealistic targets, you are setting yourself up to fail and, in the long term, turn the whole thing into a bigger issue by fuelling the perception that the Government can’t get a grip.’ But Mrs May is understood to believe that giving up on the target would be a huge error, not least because immigration still ranks in the top two concerns of voters. She recently resigned from the advisory board of a prominent Conservative think tank, called Bright Blue, which has publicly criticised the idea of a migration target. In a report, the right-of-centre organisation declared: ‘Putting an unreliable cap on net migration centre-stage has meant that other measures of competency have been missed and unnoticed.’ Its findings were given positive coverage in both the left-wing Guardian and Independent newspapers. One senior Government source, who supports the migration target, said: ‘This is the coming fight in the party – liberal metropolitans versus people who have lived in the real world.’ Illegal migrants run on October 29, 2014 behind a truck to try to board it in Calais last October . Over the past five years, Mrs May has introduced a series of policies to bring migration from outside the EU under control. These included a crackdown on bogus students and sham marriages. However, plans to go further – including the introduction of bonds for visitors – were blocked by the Treasury and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. Yesterday, immigration minister James Brokenshire, an ally of Mrs May, dropped strong hints a target would feature in the manifesto so that ‘people can measure’ progress made in cutting immigration. He said: ‘We do believe very strongly that net migration matters. Long-term figures will show you that net migration to this country over the long term has been in that below the 100,000 figure. So, we’re looking very carefully and we will be coming back so people can measure us on what success looks like in terms of our migration policy.’ He added: ‘The Prime Minister has said that we will come back and set out what you can measure us on – because that’s the key thing – on how we perform, on controlling our immigration system.’ The number of migrants in Calais has dropped by two thirds in recent weeks – suggesting many have managed to dodge border controls and reach Britain. The latest figures reveal that some 2,500 African, Asian and Eastern Europeans were in the French port town over the Christmas period but that number has now fallen to around 1,000. Break for the border: Migrants try to get into a lorry as it fills up with fuel near Calais . Last night it emerged that on one day in January alone a fire in the town caused chaos and allowed 300 migrants to sneak through the Channel Tunnel. A winter storm also caused major problems for border officials when a large section of fencing was blown down near the truck parking area. Hundreds more have succeeded in stowing away on trucks and vehicles from French ports such as Caen and Cherbourg where border controls are less stringent. In recent weeks Albanian people smugglers have moved their profitable operations down the coast from Calais and managed to load a number of migrants on to lorries at motorway rest areas. A recent head count in Calais revealed that only around 1,000 Africans, Asians and Eastern Europeans are now sleeping rough and in squats and at three open air camps in Calais. Shortly after Christmas when a similar survey was carried out the number was put at some 2,500. The French newspaper Nord Littoral reported over the weekend: ‘It is difficult to estimate the number of migrants present in Calais but one thing is certain – it has decreased significantly.’ | PM is expected to re-state commitment to sharply reduce net migration . But senior figures including George Osborne, are voicing doubt over idea . In 2010 campaign Mr Cameron pledged to reduce overall net migration to ‘tens of thousands’ Last week the figure hit 300,000 - with 190,000 from outside the EU . |
From the text below about the history of peanut butter, where can the first reference be traced from? | The earliest references to peanut butter can be traced to Aztec and Inca civilizations, who ground roasted peanuts into a paste.[clarification needed] However, several people can be credited with the invention of modern peanut butter and the processes involved in making it.[according to whom?]
The US National Peanut Board credits three modern inventors with the earliest patents related to the production of modern peanut butter. Marcellus Gilmore Edson of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, obtained the first patent for a method of producing peanut butter from roasted peanuts using heated surfaces in 1884. Edson's cooled product had "a consistency like that of butter, lard, or ointment" according to his patent application which described a process of milling roasted peanuts until the peanuts reached "a fluid or semi-fluid state". He mixed sugar into the paste to harden its consistency.[citation needed] | The earliest reference to peanut butter can be traced to Aztec and Inca civilizations. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Thousands of miles from the playground, real lessons of life and death are played out every day in what's left of the wild world. This was one such class in Kenya's Maasai Mara National Park, where a lioness taught her cubs how to hunt and kill a wildebeest to stay alive. Captured by South African photographer Mark Dumbleton, the lioness began by circling her prey before her cubs joined the hunt. The animal fought back - but outnumbered and separated from the herd, it was only a matter of time before it was overpowered. Mr Dumbleton, a wildlife photographer since 2007, said: 'It was amazing to watch a mother training her children for when they have to leave the pride. 'I couldn't believe the animal instinct they had. The lioness was roaring at them, but they knew exactly how to take down such a large animal. 'The whole experience only lasted a couple of minutes.' Red in tooth and claw: Deep in the Maasai Mara, a lioness prepares to teach her children how to hunt . Circling: Captured frame by frame, the animals close in on a wildebeest separated from its herd . Chase: Weighing more than 500lbs when fully-grown, the wildebeest initially managed to evade capture . Running: The lion cubs pick up on tips they have been taught by their mother and attack from both sides . Fear: As the rapid-fire sequence unfolds, the wildebeest kicks up dust in its frantic bid to escape . Weakening: The wildebeest then begins to slow, coming face to face with the animal which wants to take its life . Teamwork: Lionesses hunt in prides, rarely alone, and here the mother closed in to help her cubs . Overpowered: Outnumbered and tired, this was the moment the wildebeest could no longer put up a fight . Eyeing its prey: The family unit take a look before one of the animals sinks its jaws into the stricken beast . Killed: Lit by the golden evening sun, the wildebeest is dealt a fatal blow by the victorious hunters . Dinner: Wildebeest are strong and fast, but are vulnerable as soon as they are separated from the heard . Beaten down: South African photographer Mark Dumbleton said the hunt was over within minutes . 'I couldn't believe the animal instinct they had,' he said. 'They knew exactly how to take [the animal] down' | Sequence of images taken in Kenya's Maasai Mara National Park . It shows lioness approaching prey from behind before cubs take over . Wildebeest fought - but separated from herd there was little it could do . |
Using the following text, list the top 4 drugs by revenue for Pfizer in 2022? | Pfizer Inc. (/ˈfaɪzər/ FY-zər) is an American multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporation headquartered on 42nd Street in Manhattan, New York City. The company was established in 1849 in New York by two German entrepreneurs, Charles Pfizer (1824–1906) and his cousin Charles F. Erhart (1821–1891).
Pfizer develops and produces medicines and vaccines for immunology, oncology, cardiology, endocrinology, and neurology. The company's largest products by sales are the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine ($37 billion in 2022 revenues), Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir ($18 billion in 2022 revenues), Apixaban ($6 billion in 2022 revenues), a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ($6 billion in 2022 revenues), and Palbociclib ($5 billion in 2022 revenues). In 2022, 42% of the company's revenues came from the United States, 8% came from Japan, and 50% came from other countries.
Pfizer was a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average stock market index from 2004 to August 2020. The company ranks 43rd on the Fortune 500 and 43rd on the Forbes Global 2000. | 1. Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine
2. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir
3. Apixaban
4. Palbociclib |
Who is the largest coatings company in the world by revenue? | PPG Industries, Inc. is an American Fortune 500 company and global supplier of paints, coatings, and specialty materials. With headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PPG operates in more than 70 countries around the globe. By revenue it is the largest coatings company in the world followed by AkzoNobel. It is headquartered in PPG Place, an office and retail complex in downtown Pittsburgh, and is known for its glass facade designed by Postmodern architect Philip Johnson. | PPG Industries, Inc. |
Given this reference text about the Hawaiian scale, how tall is a wave that is six foot Hawaiian? | Hawaiian scale is an expression of the height of a wind wave affecting water. It is the expression conventionally used by surfers in Hawaii and is also used in Australia and parts of South Africa.
The expression, always given in feet, is a scaled figure corresponding to roughly half the actual measured or estimated height of a wave's face (trough to crest height). Thus, a "3-foot" wave is roughly six feet high (in actuality a height of ~1.8 m), i.e., head-high to a 6-foot (~180 cm) person; a "2-foot" wave is roughly four feet high (height of ~1.2 m), i.e., chest-high to such a person; and a "6- to 8-foot" wave would be 2 to approaching 3 times head-high to such a person (height of ~3.5 to 5 m). As wave height increases, however, so does the difficulty of judging that height, and as wave height approaches 20 feet (40 ft faces or 12 m height), the range of absolute wave heights corresponding to a given scaled expression tends to widen. | A wave that is six foot Hawaiian would be twelve feet tall from crest to trough |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Boston (CNN)Bill Richard knew his son wasn't going to make it. But the father of three told his wife he couldn't stay by 8-year-old Martin's side. The boy's body was torn apart by an explosion near the finish line of the Boston Marathon. His skin had changed color. A crowd hovered over him, frantically trying to help, but he was dying. Speaking from the witness stand at Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's trial on Thursday, Richard told jurors he was faced with a heartbreaking choice. "I knew in my head that I needed to act quickly, or we might not only lose Martin," he said. "We might lose Jane, too." Moments after the blast, Richard had stumbled toward Jane, his 7-year-old daughter. His pants and sneakers were torn apart. His legs felt like they were on fire. He could barely hear. And the air smelled "vile," he said, like gunpowder, sulfur and burned hair. But he soon realized the situation was much worse for his daughter. "She tried to get up and she fell. That was when I noticed her leg," he said. "She didn't have it. It was blown off." So Richard left one son to die near the marathon finish line, and shielded his other son's eyes from the carnage as they raced to the hospital, hoping that doctors could save his daughter's life. "It was," Richard said Thursday, "the last time I saw my son alive -- barely." Richard's description of the explosion's horrifying aftermath capped a day of dramatic testimony as survivors shared their stories in the second day of the high-profile trial. Tsarnaev's attorneys admit that he carried out the 2013 attacks, which killed three people and injured more than 260 others at the marathon. A fourth person, an MIT police officer, was ambushed and killed in his patrol car three days after the bombings as Tsarnaev and his brother, Tamerlan, allegedly ran from police. Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was killed after a gunbattle with police. And now, his younger brother sits in court facing 30 federal charges related to the bombings. His attorneys say he was influenced by his slain brother to participate in the attacks. They argued Thursday that now isn't the right time for jurors to hear the string of harrowing stories from survivors of the explosions, arguing that testimony should be part of a later phase of the trial, when jurors will decide what penalty Tsarnaev should face. But the judge sided with prosecutors, who argued the testimony was necessary to support their indictment. On Thursday, jurors relived the moments after the marathon bombings through the eyes of some of the people most affected by the blasts. Defense attorneys didn't ask them any questions. Jeff Bauman was suspicious as soon as he noticed a black backpack on the ground near the finish line. "I thought it was weird," he said Thursday. "If you are at the airport, if you see any unattended luggage, you notify authorities." But this was Boston, he thought, where stuff like that doesn't happen. Still, he told a friend they should move. An explosion came two seconds later. "I saw a flash, heard like three pops and I was on the ground," Bauman said from the witness stand Thursday. "At first I opened my eyes and saw the sky. The first thought was, that was a big firework." Bauman's ears were ringing, and everything was muffled, but he heard the screams. The first bomb had exploded. "I looked down and saw my legs, and it was pure carnage," he told jurors. "I could see my bone." Bauman testified about becoming aware of his injuries -- burns, wounds on his back, and his legs. "I knew my legs were gone. I know that instantly," he said. He kept repeating to himself, "This is messed up, this is messed up, this is messed up." Then the second explosion. "We are under attack," he thought to himself. All he wanted to do was call his mom. When Boston Police Officer Lauren Woods saw people running by, screaming, she ran against the grain, toward Boylston Street, the last leg on the marathon route. One of the first victims Woods came across was Lu Lingzi, a graduate student at Boston University. Lu was vomiting profusely, Woods recalled Thursday. Others were already performing CPR on her, and the officer attempted to clear Lu's airway. "I smelled the residue of smoke," Woods said. "Smelled like fireworks, cannons." Paramedics arrived, and eventually told Woods the young woman was not going to make it and they had to move on to other people. Lu became one of the three fatalities at the scene. It smelled like gunpowder, Alan Hern told the jury, and "kind of felt like we were underwater." Hern's wife -- who was pregnant -- was running the race. He found her uninjured, but hysterical from the explosions and ensuing chaos, he said. There were powder marks on her jacket. Hern, a high school football coach, then went searching for his 11-year-old son, Aaron. A figure covered in black soot and hair standing straight up caught Hern's eye, and he knew it was Aaron, he testified. His son's left thigh was cratered, mangled flesh and blood, Hern said. "It was like something you'd see in a war movie," he said. "His eyebrows were singed and his hair was sticking straight up." Another of Thursday's witnesses, Roseann Sdoia, also referred to it as something out of a movie. Before she hit the ground from the blast, she said, it registered in her mind that she had lost her leg. "When I looked down, my leg was tucked under me, but blood was pouring out," she told jurors. In front of her lay a socked foot. She started thinking -- Did I wear socks today? She decided she hadn't worn socks that day. It was someone else's foot. "It was almost like I was starring in a horror movie," she said, "as was everybody else around me." Doctors had to amputate her leg below the knee. Traveling from the marathon finish line to the hospital, Bill Richard went from one terrifying scene to another. "You know it's not going to be good when you see the look of horror on doctors' faces," he told the court Thursday. "Jane was devastatingly injured." Doctors amputated her left leg below the knee and removed more than 20 shrapnel pieces from her body, he said. Richard soon learned that, as he'd feared, Martin didn't survive the bombing. His wife, Denise, was also hospitalized after the attack. She lost sight in one eye. The father said his own injuries were much less severe than the wounds many other victims suffered. The ringing in his ears never stops, and he lost some of his hearing. But Richard said he could still hear the lawyer questioning him at Thursday's trial. He can still hear music. And the most important thing. "I can still hear," he said, "the beautiful voices of my family." . CNN's Ann O'Neill reported from Boston. Mariano Castillo and Catherine E. Shoichet wrote the story in Atlanta. | Father describes the moment when he realized 8-year-old Martin Richard wouldn't survive . The second day of the Boston Marathon bombings trial is underway . Survivor Jeff Bauman recounts how he lost his legs in the attack . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mark Cavendish is among the leading riders to compete in the Prudential RideLondon-Surrey Classic this August. Organisers announced the 2011 world champion and 25-time Tour de France stage winner's participation on Tuesday. Prudential RideLondon will take place on August 1 to 2, with over 95,000 riders expected to participate in five events. Mark Cavendish is set to take part in the RideLondon events that will take place on August 1 to 2 . Cavendish, who rides for Etixx-QuickStep, will take part in the 200-kilometres elite one-day race on August 2, having missed out in 2014 after a crash which ended his Tour de France and resulted in shoulder surgery. 'I can't wait to ride this year,' Cavendish said. 'After only two years, this race is already an event every rider wants to win and you can't beat racing in front of British crowds. After missing out in 2014 I was determined to ride in 2015.' Cavendish is among the leading riders to compete in the Prudential RideLondon-Surrey Classic . Cavendish, who rides for Etixx-QuickStep, will take part in the 200-kilometres elite one-day race on August 2 . | Mark Cavendish will to compete in the Prudential RideLondon-Surrey Classic this August . Organisers announced Cavendish's participation on Tuesday . Prudential RideLondon will take place on August 1 to 2 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Great Britain’s Lizzy Yarnold won gold at the world skeleton championships in Germany yesterday to complete a grand slam of major titles. The European and Olympic champion achieved her dream treble with the help of a second track record in as many days. Yarnold claimed glory in Winterberg in a combined time for her four runs of 3min 49.95sec, which saw her finish an emphatic 0.67sec ahead of Germany’s Jacqueline Lolling on her home track, with Canada’s Elisabeth Vathje taking third. Great Britain's Lizzy Yarnold won gold at the Skeleton World Championships in Winterberg on Saturday . Yarnold won gold at the Skeleton World Championships to complete the career 'grand slam' of major titles . The 26-year-old from Kent said: ‘I can’t quite take it all in, it has been absolutely amazing. ‘It has been a lot of hard work and I couldn’t have done it without my team and all my support. But I am so pleased I can say I’m world champion as well as Olympic champion and European champion — it’s all I’ve ever wanted.’ She then revealed she had suffered from a rare case of major nerves, such was her desire to take the title, last won by compatriot Shelley Rudman in St Moritz two years ago. The 26-year-old added the world crown to her Olympic, World Cup and European golds . ‘I wanted this win so badly,’ she added. ‘It’s unusual for me to be that nervous before a race, but I knew this was the one, the ultimate goal. ‘After I won the Olympics last year my mind switched to this race. I wanted to win the World Championships to complete the set.’ Yarnold’s team-mate Laura Deas finished seventh with fellow Briton Rose McGrandle ninth. | Lizzy Yarnold completed the career 'grand slam' of major titles on Saturday . Great Britain's Yarnold won gold at the Skeleton World Championships . She added the world crown to her Olympic, World Cup and European golds . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The need to anoint Lionel Messi the greatest player there has ever been every time he has a good game is becoming rather tedious. Yes, Messi is a genius. Every time I see him play live, it is a privilege. I try to make sure the memories are burned into my consciousness. He is the kind of player who lifts the spirit with everything he does. He is a quite prodigious goalscorer, a wizard of a dribbler and a provider for others. And yes, he was mesmerising against Manchester City at the Nou Camp on Wednesday night. The way he nutmegged James Milner, the way he turned Bacary Sagna before Joe Hart saved from him at point-blank range, the caressed curling ball to Ivan Rakitic for the Barcelona winner. It was all magical. It is normal for people to want to believe that what they are witnessing has never been matched before. ‘Everyone thinks they have the prettiest wife at home,’ said Arsene Wenger once, and now everybody believes there has never been a footballer as pretty as Messi. Lionel Messi showcases his magnificent ball control with an audacious nutmeg of James Milner . Messi renders Bacary Sagna to the status of an open-mouthed ball-watcher during another masterclass . Messi awaits the ball as he inspired the Catalan club to reach another Champions Leauge last eight . Messi forces his way past Aleksandar Kolarov and Fernandinho during Barcelona's cruise against City . What saddens me about the relentless championing of Messi, though, is that the idea there has never been anyone to match him has become such an aggressive orthodoxy. Any dissent is met with untrammelled scorn and dismissive disbelief. It is as though Messi has become a god and the idea that he might have a rival is sacrilege. As a football fan, I worship Messi, too, but I don’t think he’s the best there’s ever been. It’s too early for that. He’s only 27 but he has not yet achieved what many of the other greats of the game achieved, either for club or country. A graphic circulated on social media recently that showed all the records Messi had broken. La Liga top goal-scorer, Barcelona top goalscorer, Champions League top goalscorer. The list goes on. It’s breathtaking. But individual stats are not everything. Sport, ultimately, is about winning things. If you are a great individual player, there is a wider test of greatness in inspiring your team to win trophies. In the argument about football’s best ever, Messi is vulnerable here. Pele, for instance, scored 1,000 goals in his career. But the test of his greatness was that he won the World Cup three times with Brazil. Three times over a 12-year span. It might have been four if he had not been hacked out of the 1966 tournament. Messi has never been able to lift Argentina to a World Cup victory as Diego Maradona, another rival for the ‘best ever’, did in 1986. At last year’s tournament in Brazil, where Argentina made the final, Messi produced some wonderful moments but he was not even his team’s best player. Javier Mascherano and Angel di Maria shared that honour. Pele is hoisted aloft after winning his third World Cup in 1970 with that peerless Brazil side . Diego Maradona lifted Argentina to their second World Cup in eight years with his tour de force in Mexico . Messi reached the World Cup final with Argentina but was unable to grab the game by the scruff of the neck . Messi and Pep Guardiola embrace after winning the Champions League in Rome against Manchester United . Messi’s zealous champions point out, with some justification, that international football is not as prestigious or as important as it was a few decades ago. That ignores the fact that most players would still consider winning the World Cup the pinnacle of their careers. But it is true that the club game has risen in influence and players’ priorities have changed. Messi is vulnerable in this regard, too, though. He has played for Barcelona, the team almost universally regarded as the outstanding side of the last decade and yet, remind me, how many Champions League titles has he won? That’s right. Two. The Champions League is now seen as the ultimate test of a player’s greatness and Messi has only won it twice. It is still a fantastic achievement but it seems like an anomaly for someone who is supposed to be the best ever, especially when you consider the achievements of others. Paolo Maldini won it five times, Raul won it three times, Clarence Seedorf won it four times with three different clubs. In its incarnation as the European Cup, other greats like Franz Beckenbauer and Johan Cruyff won it three times. Ferenc Puskas and Alfredo di Stefano, two more players that some old fuddy-duddies think were the best they ever saw, won the European Cup eight times between them. Real Madrid's Raymond Kopa (left) holds the European Cup as team-mate Alfredo Di Stefano looks on . Johan Cruyff, Barry Hulshoff and Johan Neeskens are in jubilant form after Ajax's 1973 win over Juventus . A fresh-faced Raul aped a matador's passes with a large Spanish flag following Real Madrid's win at Hampden . Clarence Seedorf flashes a trademark grin as he celebrates his second Champions League win with AC Milan . Carlo Ancelotti's side arrive back in Milan with Paolo Maldini (right) getting his hands on a fifth European Cup . We all have our own ideas of what constitutes beauty in football and Messi fits all of mine. But if I had to single out the most beautiful thing I have seen in the game, it would be Brazil’s fourth goal in the 1970 World Cup final. In particular, it would be Pele’s part in it. The way he stops the ball from Jairzinho, waits and then strokes it into the path of Carlos Alberto. It was the stunning simplicity of it. It epitomised the way a man who was also a genius was ready to subvert himself to the team ethic. Pele’s the best for me but I won’t pour scorn on you if you stick with Messi. Just remember that in the same way English football did actually exist before the Premier League, great players populated our game long before Lionel Messi walked this earth. Red Bull should stop moaning and build a better car . When McLaren won 15 of the 16 races in the 1988 Formula One season, I don’t remember Frank Williams bleating about how unfair it was. I don’t remember Williams demanding instant redress when Alain Prost won the first race for McLaren at Jacarepaguá in Brazil. I don’t remember Williams saying that because McLaren’s Honda engine was so powerful, it should be hobbled in some way. I don’t remember him demanding that the FIA do something about it because he hadn’t done as good a job as McLaren had. The preponderant McLaren team celebrate Ayrton Senna's title in 1988 after an utterly dominant season . Williams was always a bit of a stoic like that. He usually worked on the basis that he didn’t get mad, he got even. How outdated that kind of attitude seems in the sport now after Red Bull’s astonishing reaction to Lewis Hamilton’s victory for Mercedes at the Australian Grand Prix in Melbourne last weekend. We have grown used to Premier League managers throwing their toys out of their prams after a defeat, but what happened in Australia really was a spectacular tantrum. Red Bull team principal Christian Horner is an intelligent man but his suggestion that the Mercedes’ engine should be ‘equalised’ in some way did him few favours. And the threat of Red Bull owner Dietrich Mateschitz that he might quit the sport was laughably petulant. This is a team, don’t forget, who exerted their own stranglehold on F1 for four years. They won 13 of 19 races two seasons ago. Christian Horner (left) and Dietrich Mateschitz were not so stony-faced when Red Bull were won every race . Now they have discovered they do not have a monopoly on winning, they want to walk away. It’s pathetic. Fortunes fluctuate in sport. Look at McLaren Honda now. The days of Prost and Ayrton Senna sweeping all before them are a distant memory. So good luck to Mercedes. They have done a brilliant job and now they are reaping the rewards. Good luck to Hamilton, too. F1 has always been about the battle to get in the best car and after years of watching Sebastian Vettel winning in the Red Bull, now it’s Hamilton’s turn. I’m with Mercedes boss Toto Wolff on this one. The others should stop moaning and try to get better. Generally, that’s supposed to be what sport is about. Rory McIlroy is the face of golf now but the sport in the US still has a little work to do when it comes to name recognition. As McIlroy and his group walked up the 18th fairway at the Arnold Palmer Invitational on Thursday afternoon, the officials put his name up on a board on the far side of the green. Rory McIlroy's name wreaked havoc with the scoreboard operators at the Arnold Palmer Invitational . First, it read ‘McElroy’. After a couple of minutes, they realised the mistake. There was a hasty rearrangement of letters until it read ‘McLlroy’. They got it right the third time and the crowd in the stand overlooking the green serenaded them with ironic cheers. | Yes, Messi is a genius. Every time I see him play live, it is a privilege . And yes, he was mesmerising against Manchester City at the Nou Camp . What saddens me about the relentless championing of Messi, though, is that the idea there has never been anyone to match him has become such an aggressive orthodoxy . It is as though Messi has become a god and the idea that he might have a rival is sacrilege . As a football fan, I worship Messi, too, but I don’t think he’s the best there’s ever been. It's too early for that . |
Given the following paragraph on water resources, in what percentage is freshwater stored in the different storage forms? | Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans, for example as a source of drinking water supply or irrigation water. Water occurs as both "stocks" and "flows". Water can be stored as lakes, water vapor, groundwater or aquifers, and ice and snow. Of the total volume of global freshwater, an estimated 69 percent is stored in glaciers and permanent snow cover; 30 percent is in groundwater; and the remaining 1 percent in lakes, rivers, the atmosphere, and biota. The length of time water remains in storage is highly variable: some aquifers consist of water stored over thousands of years but lake volumes may fluctuate on a seasonal basis, decreasing during dry periods and increasing during wet ones. A substantial fraction of the water supply for some regions consists of water extracted from water stored in stocks, and when withdrawals exceed recharge, stocks decrease. By some estimates, as much as 30 percent of total water used for irrigation comes from unsustainable withdrawals of groundwater, causing groundwater depletion. | It is estimated that 69 percent of freshwater is stored in glaciers and permanent snow cover, 30 percent in groundwater, and the remaining 1 percent is stored in lakes, rivers, the atmosphere, and biota. |
What are the main impacts to the earth as a result of climate change. | Due to climate change, deserts are expanding, while heat waves and wildfires are becoming more common.Increased warming in the Arctic has contributed to melting permafrost, glacial retreat and sea ice loss. Higher temperatures are also causing more intense storms, droughts, and other weather extremes. Rapid environmental change in mountains, coral reefs, and the Arctic is forcing many species to relocate or become extinct.Even if efforts to minimise future warming are successful, some effects will continue for centuries. These include ocean heating, ocean acidification and sea level rise.
Climate change threatens people with increased flooding, extreme heat, increased food and water scarcity, more disease, and economic loss. Human migration and conflict can also be a result. | More intense storms and droughts; Heat waves and wild fires are more common; Extinction of animal species; Increased food and water scarcity |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England and Wales Cricket Board managing director Paul Downton has denied that he has been contacted by Kevin Pietersen to discuss a potential return to the national team. Pietersen has become optimistic his England career could yet be revived and reports on Tuesday claimed that the 34-year-old had held conversations with intermediaries acting for the ECB. 'He hasn't asked me for a meeting,' said Downton. 'As far as the ECB is concerned no position has changed. We put out a statement last week.' Reports suggested that England outcast Kevin Pietersen had contacted the ECB over a return . Pietersen has not ruled out an England return after comments made by incoming chairman Colin Graves . Downton was one of the key figures in casting Pietersen out of the England set-up following last year's 5-0 Ashes whitewash and when asked if he would consider a meeting with the South Africa-born batman, he added: 'I don't know what to say to that to be honest. 'It's not something that is at the forefront of the selectors' minds now. We've got a group of players that we are working with and looking to progress the England team. 'Nothing has changed from where we were in the last year.' Incoming ECB chairman Colin Graves kick-started Pietersen's hopes of a return a fortnight ago when he suggested he should play county cricket if he was serious about playing for England again. The ECB released a statement later that day to clarify Graves' comments which said 'nothing had changed' regarding Pietersen's England future. England were embarrassingly knocked out of the World Cup in the group stages after defeat by Bangladesh . The South African-born batsman was axed by England following the 2014 Ashes whitewash . Paul Downtown insists 'nothing has changed' Pietersen has nonetheless been impressed by Graves and on Tuesday morning backed the 67-year-old entrepreneur to make the changes to revitalise England in the wake of their early World Cup exit. Pietersen alluded to a recent relaxation in ECB policy to allow players to be available for the entire Indian Premier League as a positive step and that he suspected it was the start of a progressive period under Graves. Pietersen posted on Twitter: 'Quick note - ECB doesn't decide who gets to play in IPL/Big Bash. The franchises have to want them! Plenty have tried & failed to get a go! 'But, the encouraging news is that the new boss has the vision to look to open up a window to hopefully give players a better chance! 'I really do think changes are going to be made & positive things are going to start to happen for the good of English cricket...' England's World Cup embarrassment has given ammunition to those who believe it was a mistake to axe Pietersen and while Graves' comments have forced the ECB to reinforce their stance on a player who left Surrey last autumn, Downton said it has not caused him any discomfort. 'What Colin said was absolutely right,' he said. 'To be picked for England you have to be scoring an awful amount of runs in county cricket and you have to be perceived by the selectors as a positive influence on the side. 'Nothing has changed.' | Reports claimed Kevin Pietersen contacted the ECB over England return . Paul Downtown has denied any conversation, saying nothing has changed . England were eliminated at the group stage of the World Cup . |
Using the passage, summarise the key events of Jalal Talabani's career as a bullet point list | After completing his studies at the Baghdad University, he entered the Iraqi Army, where he served shortly as a tank unit commander. In the early 1960, he was made the head of the Polit bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP). When in September 1961, the Kurdish uprising for the rights of the Kurds in northern Iraq was declared against the Baghdad government of Abd al-Karim Qasim, Talabani took charge of the Kirkuk and Silemani battlefronts and organized and led separatist movements in Mawat, Rezan and the Qaradagh regions.
In March 1962, he led a coordinated offensive that brought about the liberation of the district of Sharbazher from Iraqi government forces. When not engaged in fighting in the early and mid-1960s, Talabani undertook numerous diplomatic missions, representing the Kurdish leadership at meetings in Europe and the Middle East. In 1964, he and the Barzani family had a dispute over the direction of the KDP and Talabani left Iraq and settled in Iran. In Iran he purchased weapons without the knowledge of the Barzanis, following which he was expelled from the KDP in summer 1964.
After the March 1970 agreement between the Iraqi government and the Kurdish rebels, Talabani returned to Iraqi Kurdistan, and rejoined the KDP, even though he wouldn't hold an office at the time. The Kurdish separatist movement collapsed in March 1975, after Iran ended their support in exchange for a border agreement with Iraq. This agreement was the 1975 Algiers Agreement, where Iraq gave up claims to the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rūd) waterway and Khuzestan, which later became the basis for the Iran–Iraq War. Believing it was time to give a new direction to the Kurdish separatists and to the Kurdish society, Talabani, with a group of Kurdish intellectuals and activists, founded the Kurdish Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (Yekiaiti Nishtimani Kurdistan).
In 1976, he began organizing an armed campaign for Kurdish independence inside Iraqi Kurdistan. From 1977 onwards, he established the PUK base within Iranian Kurdistan in Nawkhan and another one in Iraqi Kurdistan in Qandil. During the 1980s, Talabani sided with Iran and led a Kurdish struggle from bases inside Iraq until the crackdown against Kurdish separatists from 1987 to 1988. Following the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in August 1990, he travelled to the United States, in order to offer his services and troops to the United States and raise support for the PUK. But his attempts did not bear the success he expected at the time.
In 1991, he helped inspire a renewed effort for Kurdish independence. He negotiated a ceasefire with the Iraqi Ba'athist government that saved the lives of many Kurds and worked closely with the United States, United Kingdom, France and other countries to set up the safe haven in Iraqi Kurdistan. In 1992 the Kurdistan Regional Government was founded. He was also supportive of peace negotiations between the Kurdistan Workers' Party and Turkey, and was also present as Abdullah Öcalan announced the ceasefire of the PKK on the 17 March and prolonged it indefinitely on the 16 April 1993.
Talabani pursued a negotiated settlement to the Iraqi Kurdish Civil War, as well as the larger issue of Kurdish rights in the current regional context. He worked closely with other Kurdish politicians as well as the rest of the Iraqi opposition factions. In close coordination with Masoud Barzani, Talabani and the Kurds played a key role as a partner of the U.S. led Coalition in the invasion of Iraq.
Talabani was a member of the Iraqi Governing Council which negotiated the Transitional Administrative Law (TAL), Iraq's interim constitution. The TAL governed all politics in Iraq and the process of writing and adopting the final constitution. | Sure, Jalal Talabani was involved in the following key events during the 1970's:
* March 1970: Talabani returned to Iraqi Kurdistan and rejoined the Kurdistan Democratic Party
* March 1975: Talabani founded the Kurdish Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK)
* 1976: Talabani orchestrated an armed campaign for Kurdish independence inside Iraqi Kurdistan
* 1977: Talabani founded two PUK bases, one in Nawkhan in Iranian Kurdistan and the other in Qandil in Iraqi Kurdistan |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Johnny Sexton must come through 'modified training' to prove his fitness for Ireland's pivotal RBS 6 Nations clash against Wales in Cardiff. Ireland's lynchpin fly-half has 'hit all his markers so far' in battling hamstring trouble, but is still fighting to recover to face Wales on Saturday, according to team manager Mick Kearney. Number eight Jamie Heaslip was due to take contact training on Monday for the first time since fracturing three vertebrae in his back against France on February 14. Ireland's Johnny Sexton is winning his battle to be fit to face Wales in the RBS 6 Nations on Saturday . The Leinster stalwart is now expected to be fit to face Wales, where victory would leave Ireland almost nailed-on for the Grand Slam. 'Johnny Sexton continues to improve following a mild hamstring strain,' said Kearney. 'As a precaution he will have modified training during the early part of the week with an expectation that he will train fully towards the end of the week. 'We are very happy where he is at, at the moment. He has hit all his markers so far. 'Johnny will have modified training in the early part of the week and if he comes through training through the latter part of the week, he will be available for selection. Sexton has come through all the tests asked of him so far but there is still a chance he could miss the game . 'Jamie Heaslip is expected to train fully this week and barring any setback will be available for selection. 'Sean O'Brien and Jared Payne have both progressed well through the return to play protocol and will be re-introduced to full training during the week. 'Johnny will have modified training today. Jamie will train fully today.' Team manager Kearney admitted British and Irish Lions Sexton and Heaslip are both 'extremely eager' to face Wales this weekend. Ireland are gunning to retain the Six Nations title for the first time since 1949, and also claim a second Grand Slam in six years. Sexton limped out of the latter stages of Ireland's 19-9 victory over England in Dublin on March 1 and has been battling to recover ever since. The 29-year-old has a history of hamstring problems, but Kearney does not expect that to colour his recovery. Jamie Heaslip is expected to train fully this week and barring any setback will be available for selection . 'From what I remember the last time he had a problem was between the Australia game and New Zealand game, in the November series just over 12 months ago,' said Kearney. 'He actually recovered pretty quickly then. 'He came off at half-time against Australia and was fit to play and played the whole game, or most of the game against New Zealand without any issue. 'That certainly wouldn't be a worry at the moment. 'Jamie (Heaslip) hasn't taken any contact yet. He will train fully today and provided there is no reaction he should be available for selection. 'They are extremely eager, absolutely: very eager to play.' Fit-again Ulster lock Dan Tuohy has been drafted back into Ireland's wider 36-man training squad . Fit-again Ulster lock Dan Tuohy was drafted back into Ireland's wider 36-man training squad for the final two weeks of Six Nations action. Ireland must win in Wales and Scotland to secure the Grand Slam and retain their Six Nations title - but, barring injury, will do so without veteran centre Gordon D'Arcy. The 35-year-old Leinster centre has been omitted from Schmidt's training squad, with Ulster's Darren Cave and Munster's Keith Earls providing midfield cover. Team manager Kearney refused to accept D'Arcy's absence could spark the end of his glittering 81-cap Test career however. His long-term centre sparring partner Brian O'Driscoll retired last summer, but D'Arcy himself has always been determined to push on to this year's World Cup. 'That is a selection issue, yes,' said Kearney of D'Arcy's absence. 'Gordon has been an unbelievable servant for Irish rugby. 'He's back fit, back playing for Leinster, so certainly I wouldn't rule him out for future consideration.' Both teams must give consent for Saturday's Millennium Stadium match to be played under a closed roof. Team manager Kearney said Ireland will delay their decision until later in the week, and base it around the chances of rain. 'We are waiting to see what the weather forecast turns out like,' said Kearney. 'We don't have to make a decision on that until 7pm on Thursday. 'We will wait until then before we make a final decision. 'I think overall, our preference would be for a dry day and decent weather, rather than wet and miserable weather. 'In good weather our preference would be for it to be open.' | Fly-half Johnny Sexton has 'hit all his markers' in battling hamstring issues . He is expected to be fit for clash with Wales to define Grand Slam hopes . Team manager Mick Kearney says there is still a chance he will not be fit . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A horrified father has spoken out after he saw a video of his ex-girlfriend hitting his two-year-old daughter in footage shared online last week. Charlie Foster III of Ballston Spa, New York said he burst into tears as he watched the upsetting video posted onto Facebook involving his daughter Shelby Foster. 'I immediately started crying,' he told WFLA. 'I felt like I needed to do something.' The footage that was shared on Monday shows his former girlfriend Darci Ives and her boyfriend Louis Yager, who live together in Tampa, chastising and hitting Yager's two children and Shelby. Scroll down for video . A horrified father spoke of the moment he watched the video of his ex-girlfriend hitting his two-year-old daughter in footage that surfaced last week (above Charlie Foster III with his daughter Shelby Foster) Foster said he immediately burst into tears when he saw the scene of his two-year-old daughter being hit . The footage posted onto Facebook shows Darci Ives and her boyfriend Louis Yager, who live together in Tampa, Florida, chastising and hitting his two children and Shelby . From slapping the three preschool-aged children to shoving a dirty broom in one of their faces, Foster found it all hard to watch. After seeing the scene of his daughter being slapped in the face by Ives, he contacted Florida's child abuse hotline and finally got through after three attempts, according to WFLA. He also contacted Tampa police. Ives and Yager are currently under investigation by police for possible child abuse. Ives' sister reportedly shot the disturbing footage and a friend made one compilation of the several videos that show the children with Ives and Yager. During the video, Ives is seen shouting 'no, I don't want to fight with you, I gotta get Crystal to bed' before smacking and telling a child 'here's something to cry about'. In another scene she is seen cleaning the kitchen floor before shoving a broom in the face of a crying child seated in a highchair. It appears her sister who is allegedly filming is heard saying 'you shouldn't put that in her face'. Yager is seen shouting 'be quiet right now' to one of the children before it appears he is hitting the baby seated in the highchair on the head while saying 'hello, be quiet'. In a scene from the footage, Ives is seen cleaning the kitchen floor before shoving a broom in the face of a crying child seated in a highchair . In another scene, Ives is seen scolding one of the children who is crying and lying on the floor before smacking the baby . Yager is seen shouting 'be quiet right now' to one of the children before it appears he is hitting the baby seated in the highchair on the head while saying 'hello, be quiet' Earlier reports said on Monday the children were taken into custody by child protective services and were placed into shelter care. 'There is probable cause to shelter the children at this time,' said Hillsborough Circuit Judge Jack Espinosa Jr. at the time. Ives and Yager, following the seizure of their children, said they hoped to get their children back. Relatives and friends have said Ives and Yager met only a few months ago before she decided to move from New York and into a trailer park with him near Ybor City in Tampa. Ives and Yager are currently under investigation by police for possible child abuse (Ives pictured with Shelby above) and the children have been taken into custody by CPS . Relatives and friends have said Ives and Yager met only a few months ago before she decided to move into a trailer park with him near Ybor City in Tampa . Natosha Wilkins of Ballston Spa, New York was one of many people who shared the video in an effort to get justice served against Yager and Ives. On Wednesday she wrote on Facebook expressing that she was happy the children are now safe. Wilkins wrote: 'Even though the babies are safe, and under CPS care I'm still busting my ass off for them. & I won't stop til they have a loving home and the right proper care! You three beautiful babies deserve more then what you have gotten.' In previous reports, the Hillsborough State Attorney's office did not press child abuse charges after the video surfaced, but said that authorities were reviewing new evidence that had surfaced on Monday. Foster, who is currently raising money to pay for legal and travel fees so that he can bring Shelby to New York, said he has not been able to reach his daughter since she was placed into shelter care. 'I would tell her that I love her. I would tell her that I miss her and I want her home,' Foster told WFLA. 'I just want her to know that daddy's fighting for her.' Foster is currently raising money to pay for legal and travel fees so that he can bring Shelby to live with him in New York with his fiancee and close to her grandparents . Shelby's father said he wants to tell her that he loves her and that 'daddy is fighting for her' In happier times, Shelby pictured with both of her parents, Foster and Ives . Currently living with his fiancee, Foster said that Ives had been moving around to stop him from having contact with Shelby. On his GoFundMe page he wrote that he would do anything to bring his daughter back home to 'live with her family who loves and cares for her'. He wrote: 'The videos have gone viral with the help and support of all the caring people on Facebook and I can't thank you enough for helping her get out of her mother's custody. 'But I still need help paying for the expenses to travel to Florida and get her out of foster care. And to pay for an attorney to make sure her mother gets the maximum punishment.' He added: 'If I can raise the money to get down there and [get] a great attorney, we will be one step closer to bringing Shelby back home with the family she deserves.' On a Facebook page titled A Safe Haven For Shelby, it appears Foster posted a message on Thursday saying that people had been concerned about Yager's two children, Chris and Crystal, including himself. Natosha Wilkins, who had posted the video earlier this week to get the attention of police and CPS, said she is happy the children are in the care of CPS but that the fight will not stop . On Thursday, a Facebook page called A Safe Haven for Shelby wrote that Yager's kids, Chris and Crystal, are in a better place as many are concerned for them . The post said that the children's mother is not in the picture and that they will also not be placed with her. He wrote: 'I know everyone including myself is very concerned about Chris and Crystal. I know the kids and unfortunately the parents. 'All I can say is Mom is not in the picture, nor will she have them placed with her. I can tell you from being on the good side of foster care that none including family members are ever told the whereabouts of the foster placement. 'None of us can get information because we have no direct correlation to the case. Even if we did, limited information is given. 'I am concerned and will continue to update if I get any info on these beautiful babies. Right now they are in a better place. 'They do have family, they do have someone fighting to get them, whether or not CPI decides that the family is the best placement for them will be decided by evaluation. This is the process in these cases. I promise to keep you all informed.' The video featuring Ives and Yagers' unsettling parenting behavior is currently under criminal investigation by Tampa Police and the Department of Children and Families Child Protection. | Charlie Foster III of Ballston Spa, New York said he burst into tears when he watched the disturbing video that was shared on Monday . His daughter, Shelby Foster, is one of three children seen in footage being chastised and hit by Darci Ives and her boyfriend Louis Yager of Tampa, FL . The three children have since been taken into custody by CPS and have been placed into shelter care . Foster is working to bring Shelby back to live with him in New York . Ives and Yager are currently under investigation for possible child abuse . |
When was Scarlett Johansson born? | Scarlett Ingrid Johansson (/dʒoʊˈhænsən/; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress. The world's highest-paid actress in 2018 and 2019, she has featured multiple times on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2021. Her films have grossed over $14.3 billion worldwide, making Johansson the highest-grossing box office star of all time. She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. | Scarlett Johansson was born November 22, 1984. |
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