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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliya_Bachvarov"} | Bulgarian ice hockey player
Ice hockey player
Iliya Bachvarov (Bulgarian: Илия Бъчваров; born October 10, 1943) is a former Bulgarian ice hockey player. He played for the Bulgaria men's national ice hockey team at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.
His younger brother, Marin Bachvarov, also played for the Bulgarian national ice hockey team at the 1976 Winter Olympics. | 34d1bc13-b8cc-4c20-908f-be8aab1e7ef1 |
null | 4th-Century Spartan admiral
Peisander (/paɪˈsændər, ˈpaɪˌsændər/; Greek: Πείσανδρος) was a Spartan admiral during the Corinthian War. In 395 BC, he was placed in command of the Spartan fleet in the Aegean by his brother-in-law, the king Agesilaus II. Peisander was a relatively inexperienced general, and in its very first action his Spartan fleet was decisively defeated at the Battle of Cnidus. Peisander died fighting aboard his ship. | 7fa74951-a775-404f-b666-43fd0eb8fd0a |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Diaz"} | American baseball player
Baseball player
Jonathan Diaz (born April 10, 1985) is an American former professional baseball infielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays and the Boston Red Sox.
Early life
Diaz went to Coral Gables Senior High School, where he was teammates with Yonder Alonso and Eddy Rodríguez. In his senior year, he hit .323 with six doubles and one home run. In his freshman year at North Carolina State University, he hit .167 with 18 RBI and 18 runs. In his sophomore year, he hit .317 with 1 HR, 30 RBI and 42 runs in 60 games. In his junior year, he hit .255 with 1 HR, 31 RBI and 42 runs in 63 games. Diaz, who played summer collegiate ball in 2005 with the Thunder Bay Border Cats, was selected in the 12th round (360th overall) by the Toronto Blue Jays in the 2006 MLB Draft.
Professional career
Toronto Blue Jays
Diaz was assigned to Short-Season Auburn, where in 73 games as the team's shortstop, he hit .200 with 1 HR, 26 RBI and 34 runs. In 2007, he played with Single-A Lansing, where in 120 games, he hit .246 with 1 HR, 51 RBI, 65 runs and a league-leading 82 walks. His .406 was third in the league behind Chris Pettit (.429) and Deik Scram (.416). Diaz started 2008 with High-A Dunedin, but he was promoted to Double-A New Hampshire on May 18, where he went down and up 4 more times before finishing with the Fisher Cats. In 68 combined games, he hit .182 with 1 HR, 16 RBI, 20 runs and 43 walks. Diaz began 2009 with New Hampshire before being promoted to Triple-A Las Vegas on May 12. After a two-month stay there, he was demoted back to New Hampshire. In 94 games, he hit .195 with 1 HR, 18 RBI, 37 runs and 48 walks, including hitting .150 in 29 games in his first Triple-A stint. Diaz was the Fisher Cats Opening Day shortstop in 2010, where he played before being promoted to Las Veags on May 31. He was demoted back to New Hampshire on June 21, where he stayed before earning a one-week promotion to Las Vegas at the end of the season. In 127 games, he hit .239 with 2 HR (a career-high), 43 RBI, 68 runs, 23 doubles and 61 walks. Diaz went to spring training with the Blue Jays in 2011, and was one of the final cuts, staying as insurance for Aaron Hill, who was returning from a quadriceps injury. In 29 games during spring training, he hit .265 with 2 RBI and 6 runs. Diaz was the Fisher Cats Opening Day second baseman in 2011, where he played before being promoted to Las Vegas on April 23. On May 15, he was placed on the disabled list with an injury, and after rehabbing in Dunedin, he returned on July 5 with New Hampshire, where he played the rest of the season with. In 92 games, he hit .267 with 2 HR, 30 RBI, 41 runs and 46 walks. Diaz was with the Blue Jays for spring training in 2012, and he was cut on March 25. In 23 games, he hit .405 with 7 RBI and 9 runs. He was the Fisher Cats Opening Day second baseman, where he played before being promoted to Las Vegas on May 22. He finished the season there. In 134 games, he hit .221 with 4 HR, 40 RBI, 76 runs, 18 stolen bases and 75 walks. After the year, he became a minor league free agent
Boston Red Sox
Diaz was signed a minor league deal with the Boston Red Sox on December 16, 2012. He hit .240 in 22 games with the Red Sox in spring training before being cut on March 25 and assigned to Triple-A Pawtucket. He was the PawSox Opening Day second baseman, and he played with them until his promotion.
He was promoted to the big team on June 29, 2013, and started that day's game against the Blue Jays at third base. Diaz was called up after a prolonged injury to Stephen Drew as Will Middlebrooks was ineligible for promotion (Middlebrooks was optioned June 25 and ten days had not passed) and likely call-up Brock Holt was injured. Diaz was familiar with the Red Sox defensive system because of his experience with John Farrell, Brian Butterfield, and Torey Lovullo during his time in the Toronto organization.
Diaz was optioned back to Pawtucket on July 6, and Holt was called up. Diaz was outrighted to Pawtucket on July 8. In his five-game stint, he went 0-4 with two runs scored. Diaz finished the year with Pawtucket, where in 101 games, he hit .253 with two home runs, 31 RBI, 45 runs scored and 47 walks. He became a free agent after the season.
Toronto Blue Jays (second stint)
Diaz returned to the Blue Jays on November 11, 2013 on a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training. He was initially assigned to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons, but was brought up to the Blue Jays on March 31, 2014 before the Buffalo season started because José Reyes was added to the 15-day disabled list. Diaz made his Blue Jays debut the following day, and recorded his first career hit and RBI. He received a 2013 World Series champion ring on April 26, when the Red Sox came to Toronto for a three-game series. Diaz was optioned to Triple-A Buffalo on May 1, to make room for Steve Tolleson. He was called up again on May 12, and played in that night's game, going 0 for 4. Diaz was optioned back to Buffalo the next day. On June 25, he was designated for assignment by the Blue Jays, and outrighted to Buffalo on June 27. In 23 games with Toronto in 2014, Diaz batted .158 with 4 RBI. He elected free agency after the season ended. On October 15, Diaz signed a minor-league contract, with an invitation to spring training.
Diaz was selected from Buffalo on April 28, 2015 when José Reyes was placed on the disabled list. He was optioned back to Buffalo on May 5, and outrighted off the 40-man roster on May 15. Diaz was called up on September 30. He appeared in 7 games in 2015, batting .154 with 2 RBI. On November 6, Diaz elected free agency.
New York Yankees
On January 8, 2016, Diaz signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees. Diaz played in 101 games with the Yankees' Triple-A affiliate, the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders, hitting .207/.315/.249 with 1 home run and 25 RBI.
Toronto Blue Jays (third stint)
On January 31, 2017, Diaz signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays. He was assigned to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons to begin the year, and also spent time with the Double-A New Hampshire Fisher Cats.
New York Yankees (second stint)
On July 5, 2017, Diaz was traded to the New York Yankees organization. He returned to Triple-A Scranton and hit .243/.376/.351 in 28 games with the team. Diaz became a free agent at the end of the season. | a44f73ee-8d9f-4fcd-96b3-f40e80f32c45 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rylstone_railway_station"} | Disused railway station in North Yorkshire, England
Rylstone railway station was a railway station that served the small village of Rylstone in North Yorkshire, England. It was built by the Yorkshire Dales Railway and operated by the Midland Railway. The station opened on 29 July 1902 with a station building that was to the same design as most of the stations on the Derwent Valley Light Railway.
The station had just one platform with a through line, with a goods shed and cattle dock to the east side, and a passing loop to the north of the station.
The LMS closed the station to passengers in 1930, but special 'tourist trains' ran to Grassington & Threshfield via Rylstone up until 11 August 1969. Rylstone station has been demolished, but the line is still open to Swinden Quarry. | caa855e3-2508-4a88-bab2-234b9213c8ad |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Button"} | Royal Air Force air marshal
Air Vice Marshal Arthur Daniel Button CB, OBE (26 May 1916 – 27 May 1991) was a Royal Air Force officer.
He was educated at Ilford County High School and University College, Southampton (later the University of Southampton; BSc Hons (Lond.)).
He joined the RAF Educational Service in 1938. He married Eira Waterhouse in 1944. He was on general duties, 1941-6; his pilot experience during this time was mainly for instructional purposes. In 1946 he received the Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air, and returned to the RAF Education Branch. He was a senior maths instructor until 1949, followed by other varied duties such as armament staff officer at HQ RAF Bomber Command. He rose to become Director of the RAF Educational Services 1972–6.
After his retirement, he was director of the Association of Recognised English Language Schools (ARELS) Examinations Trust, 1976–86. He was a member of the council of the RAF Benevolent Fund and the RAF Association, 1980-9 and the Lord Kitchener National Memorial Fund, 1983–1991. He was Honorary President, ARELS-FELCO (Federation of English Language Course Organisations), from 1990 and a governor of the Duke of Kent School, 1981–6.
He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1959 and a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1976.
Footnotes | e45f6b1f-ef49-4b13-81c5-3dbad3eaa49f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Blumenthal"} | German-Jewish mathematician
Ludwig Otto Blumenthal (20 July 1876 – 12 November 1944) was a German mathematician and professor at RWTH Aachen University.
Biography
He was born in Frankfurt, Hesse-Nassau. A student of David Hilbert, Blumenthal was an editor of Mathematische Annalen. When the Civil Service Act of 1933 became law in 1933, after Hitler became Chancellor, Blumenthal was dismissed from his position at RWTH Aachen University. He was married to Amalie Ebstein, also known as 'Mali' and daughter of Wilhelm Ebstein.
Blumenthal, who was of Jewish background, emigrated from Nazi Germany to the Netherlands, lived in Utrecht and was deported via Westerbork to the concentration camp, Theresienstadt in Bohemia (now Czech Republic), where he died.
In 1913, Blumenthal made a fundamental, though often overlooked, contribution to applied mathematics and aerodynamics by building on Joukowsky's work to extract the complex transformation that carries the latter's name, making it an example of Stigler's Law.
Selected publications | f4efb2a6-51d6-48fa-a2d3-e9d3e1983dd4 |
null | Scotland international rugby union player
Rugby player
James 'Hamish' Cooper Dawson (29 October 1925 – 19 October 2007) was a rugby union international who represented Scotland from 1947 to 1953 gaining 20 caps.
Rugby Union career
Amateur career
Dawson was educated at Glasgow Academy, Strathallan School in Perthshire and The Queen's College, Oxford. He was a talented all-round sportsman, particularly swimming, cricket and rugby. Dawson received a blue for Oxford University, playing against Cambridge University in the 1943-44 season.
He played club rugby for Glasgow Academicals RFC, London Scottish FC and the Barbarians FC.
Provincial career
Dawson was capped for Glasgow District.
He played for the Cities District side in their match against Australia in October 1947.
He turned out for the Scotland Probables side in 1947.
International career
Dawson made his debut for Scotland in a 16-7 loss to Australia at Murrayfield during their 1947-48 tour of Great Britain, one of eight new Scotland caps that day. His first three caps were played at lock, which included a 9-8 victory over France at Murrayfield and a 14-0 loss to Wales in Cardiff in the 1948 Five Nations Championship.
Dawson's next seventeen caps were played at prop starting with an 8-0 victory over France in the 1949 Five Nations Championship in Paris. This was followed by a 6-5 win over Wales at Murrayfield and a 13-3 defeat to Ireland at the same venue. He played all four matches in the 1950 Five Nations Championship, starting with a third consecutive victory over France, 8-5 in Edinburgh. Scotland lost 12-0 to Wales and 21-0 to Ireland in Cardiff and Dublin respectively. Regaining some pride with a 13-11 win against England at Murrayfield.
In 1951 Dawson played on five occasions for Scotland, starting with a 14-12 loss to France in Paris. On 3 February, he scored his only points for Scotland with a try in a 19-0 win against Wales at Murrayfield. Three weeks later Scotland lost narrowly to Ireland, 6-5 in Edinburgh, starting a run of 17 consecutive matches without a win, lasting until 1955. Dawson also played in the 5-3 defeat to England at Twickenham; Scotland avoiding the 1951 Five Nations Championship wooden spoon on points difference. Later that year Scotland suffered a record 44-0 loss to South Africa at Murrayfield, with South Africa losing only once on their 31-game 1951-52 rugby tour.
Dawson played in all four matches of the 1952 Five Nations Championship. Scotland losing all four matches: 13-11 to France in Edinburgh, 11-0 to Wales in Cardiff, 12-8 to Ireland in Dublin and 19-3 to England at Murrayfield. Dawson played his last match for Scotland against England at Twickenham in a 26-8 loss in the 1953 Five Nations Championship, Scotland receiving the 'wooden spoon' for the second consecutive year.
Military career
In 1943 he joined the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, initially serving as a midshipman based at HMS King Alfred and then transferring to HMS Ulysses (R69) in the British Pacific Fleet. Dawson then served as a sub-lieutenant on a minesweeper in Hong Kong until December 1946.
Outside of rugby
After the war, he qualified as a chartered accountant in 1948. He rose through the ranks of Ritchies Paper Products Limited finally becoming managing director in 1968. | 7f2bc310-be8e-4f31-9f24-eb58722ea3da |
null | Canadian architectural firm
HCMA Architecture + Design (often stylized as "hcma") is a Canadian architecture and design firm operating in the three Canadian centres of Vancouver, Edmonton, and Victoria. The firm's portfolio largely consists of urban planning schemes, public recreational facilities, and competitive sports facilities.
History
Hcma Architecture + Design was founded by Rogers Hughes in 1976, under the name "Roger Hughes Architects".
The firm's operations revolve around various services related to architectural and interior design, maintaining a focus on sustainable design. The firm also operates Tilt, an Artist-in Residence program.
Select projects | 823fd81f-cc3e-4f73-829d-6df77e1c1683 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden_Masters"} | Curling tournament in Switzerland
The Baden Masters is an annual men's curling tournament, held in early September/late August in Baden, Switzerland. It is the first curling tournament of the European Curling Champions Tour (CCT) season and is part of the World Curling Tour. It was first held in 2000 and it became a CCT event in 2005.
In 2021, for the first time in the event's twenty-one year history, two women's teams competed alongside the men's field: 2018 Olympic Gold Medalists Team Anna Hasselborg from Sweden and Team Irene Schori of Limmattal, Switzerland.
Past champions | 614aa0d4-57ea-4311-a54f-2be7087b8a7b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Womack"} | American baseball player (born 1969)
Baseball player
Anthony Darrell Womack (born September 25, 1969) is an American former professional baseball player. He played all or parts of 13 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), with most of his career spent with the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Arizona Diamondbacks, then with several other teams during his last four years. A middle infielder, Womack was recognized for his speed and base-stealing prowess and his key hits in the 2001 playoffs which led to the 2001 World Series win over the New York Yankees.
Early life
Womack was born in Java, Virginia. He is a graduate of Gretna High School in Gretna, Virginia and Guilford College in Greensboro, North Carolina.
Career
Womack was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1991 MLB draft and became their everyday second baseman in 1997. That year, which was his first full year in the MLB, he played in his only All-Star Game and led the National League in stolen bases (60). In 1998, he again led the National League in stolen bases (58). After the 1998 season, he was traded to the Diamondbacks for two minor leaguers. The Diamondbacks moved Womack from second base to right field in 1999, then to shortstop in 2000. In 1999, Womack led the major leagues in stolen bases (72) which set a Diamondback record for most stolen bases in a season.
Womack was an important part of the Arizona Diamondbacks' world championship team in 2001, especially with two key base hits that both came in the bottom of the ninth inning of deciding games in the playoffs. Womack ended the first-round series with a walk-off single off the Cardinals' Steve Kline. Later, Womack set up Luis Gonzalez' famous game-winning single in Game 7 of the World Series with a game-tying one-out hit against the Yankees' Mariano Rivera. Womack's game-tying double was cited by the Wall Street Journal as the most significant clutch hit in baseball history. Womack owns the Diamondbacks record for most stolen bases in a career (182).
Womack signed with the Red Sox but was traded to the Cardinals before the start of the 2004 season, and he was moved back to his original position at second base. After recovering from Tommy John surgery and a disappointing 2003 season, Womack batted a career-high .307 with five home runs, 38 runs batted in, and 26 stolen bases for the Cardinals.
After the 2004 season, Womack chose to sign with the New York Yankees, rather than wait for the Cardinals to offer him an extension. Despite turning in a productive 2004, Womack struggled with the Yankees in 2005, losing his starting second base job to Robinson Canó.
In 2006, after being released by the Reds, the Chicago Cubs signed him to a minor league deal and called him up on May 26. Womack was designated for assignment on June 30 and became a free agent on July 10. He received a non-roster invitation to spring training with the Washington Nationals for the 2007 season, but was released on March 8, ending his playing career. | 25971401-ef17-4863-a6ae-4a2c40190899 |
null | Species of moth
Metriochroa celidota is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Uganda. | a39c5c41-6788-436d-87f0-38a423d6713e |
null | Socco Alto Mall Tangier is a shopping and hotel complex in Tangier, located close to the Mohammed VI Avenue.
Construction
Like other similar construction projects in Morocco, it took a relatively long time to complete. The project was instigated in 2006, with fanfare inaugurations, construction began in 2007, but the mall only opened in March 2016, whereas the Hilton hotel opened in June 2017.
This multi-purpose complex entailed an investment of close to 2 billion dirhams and was claimed to directly create more than 5,000 jobs.
Services
Tanger City Center has two hotels (rated 4 and 5 stars) operated by the Hilton chain, with a capacity of roughly 500 rooms. It also offers an 800-unit residential complex, joined by office space as well as a shopping and leisure centre that can accommodate more than 100 different businesses, including a seven screen cinema complex.
The team at ductor is responsible for tenant coordination for the shopping mall, which will hold more than 100 shops.
Inveravante is behind this project (same as Anfa Place in Casablanca), as of 2016 they are not willing to pay out the 1% indemnity everyone is due.[citation needed] | 5b6fb576-48f9-4092-8512-bee3590d3a1e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archangel_(video_game)"} | 2002 video game
Archangel is a 2002 action role-playing video game which takes place in three different places, at three different epochs. It melds horror, science fiction, and adventure genres. It was developed by Metropolis Software and published by JoWooD Productions for the PC in 2002.
The player takes the role of Michael Travinsky, believed to be "the chosen one", who is sent on a holy mission. Armed with a magic sword, he must travel to three different worlds to stop the forces of evil. If he fails his mission, mankind is doomed forever.
Gameplay
Archangel is controlled from a third-person perspective with the option to switch to first-person. The game features experience points, known as "essence points", which are earned by completing quests and killing enemies. They can be used to activate skills during gameplay or to purchase and upgrade skills instead. The player's main weapon, the Sword of Light, can be used as long as the bar for spirit energy remains filled. Attacking with the sword drains the bar, which slowly regenerates outside of combat and skills can speed up the process.
Development
The game was in development since November 2000 with about 15 people working on it.
Reception
Reception
Archangel received "generally unfavorable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. | b2d71e75-098a-4151-8e86-a769c638a343 |
null | English record producer, songwriter, mixer and remixer
Musical artist
Daniel De Mussenden Carey (born 24 December 1969) is an English record producer, songwriter, mixer and remixer. He owns his own studio in South London and runs the record label Speedy Wunderground.
In 2014, Carey received two Mercury Prize nominations for his production work on two nominated albums: Everybody Down by Kae Tempest and First Mind by Nick Mulvey. In 2019, Carey earned two further Mercury Prize nominations for his production work on the albums Schlagenheim by Black Midi and Dogrel by Fontaines D.C.
Carey recently produced and plays synthesizer on the debut album by the British band Wet Leg. Carey previously produced for London-based labels Dust Records, Dust2Dust and DMI. He was also one half of the group Danmass, which released music on all three labels and Skint Records. Danmass released one album, Formfreaks, on Dust2Dust in 1999.
Discography | b539f82b-e96b-4310-8ceb-15c21ac6c3a2 |
null | Croatian football midfielder (born 1980)
Srebrenko Posavec (Croatian pronunciation: [pôsaʋets]; born 19 March 1980) is a Croatian retired football midfielder.
Club career
He finished his career in the Austrian lower leagues.
International career
He made his international debut against Hong Kong in a 4–0 win in Hong Kong's 2006 Lunar New Year Cup on 1 February 2006. This is his only appearance for the Croatia national football team. | 85aed9af-500f-4efa-a387-a489cfe6d0f3 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Cardoso"} | Brazilian indoor volleyball player
Victor Cardoso (born (1999-03-23)23 March 1999) is a Brazilian indoor volleyball player. He is a current member of the Brazil men's national volleyball team.
Career
He participated at the 2017 FIVB Volleyball Men's U21 World Championship, 2019 FIVB Volleyball Men's U21 World Championship and 2018 FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League.
Sporting achievements
Clubs
National team
Individual | 847397a3-7e22-4e08-ae0e-0951469af743 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_George%27s_Community_College"} | Community college in Largo, Maryland, U.S.
Prince George's Community College (PGCC) is a public community college in Largo in Prince George's County, Maryland. The college serves Prince George's County and surrounding areas, including Washington, D.C.
History
Founded in 1958, Prince George's Community College came into existence because there was perceived to be a need for educational opportunities for the residents of the county, particularly those who were still in the K–12 grades of the public schools in the late 1950s.
Classes commenced at Suitland High School, with a student body of 185; thus, the college celebrated 50 years of service in 2008. The college was the first educational institution to integrate in the county, and today serves more African-American students than any other post-secondary institution in the state of Maryland. In 1967, the college moved to its permanent location in Largo, Maryland, where it has grown to an enrollment of nearly 40,000 students. During the past decades, a handful of buildings on the campus has grown to 22 facilities.
In Spring 2007, the college selected its first female president, Dr. Charlene Dukes.
Academics
Prince George's Community College provides higher education to the local population. The college offers over 100 fields of study through its academic, workforce development, continuing education, and personal enrichment programs. More specifically, PGCC has 68 academic degree programs and 34 professional certificate program, many of which feature distance learning options. The college awards Associate of Arts, Associate of Science, and Associate of Arts in Teaching degrees. In addition, PGCC allows students to transfer to a four-year college or university.
Accreditation
Prince George's Community College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. Its education, engineering, nursing, radiology, paramedic and respiratory therapy programs have specialized accreditation.
They also participate in dual-enrollment for high school junior and senior students from PGCPS. Students can take courses while still in high school, earning both high school and college credit.
Community focus
The school hosts a number of special programs that address the needs and interests of county residents. These include the Book Bridge Project, the Center for Business and Industry Training and the Children's Developmental Clinic. College meeting rooms and recreational facilities are also available for use by the public. These facilities include the Robert I. Bickford Natatorium, which is open to individuals and groups. More than 1,000 events sponsored by community organizations are held at the college each year.
Campuses and training facilities
The main campus is located in Largo, Maryland, which opened in 1967. PGCC operates extension centers at University Town Center in Hyattsville, and Andrews Air Force Base as well as Skilled Trades Center in Camp Springs. The college shares an extension center with Howard Community College in Laurel called the Laurel College Center.
Within the last six years, the college has seen the completion of two new modern facilities: the Center for Advanced Technology and the Center for Health Studies. There are several more developments underway including a brand new Culinary Arts Center, renovation and expansion of Lanham Hall, the Queen Anne Arts Education Center, a renovation of the Rennie Forum auditorium, and a health and wellness center.
Student life
PGCC serves approximately 40,000 students. The student body is 76% African American, 64% female, and has international students from 100 nations around the world. The average age of Prince George's students is 47.
The college also offers many student services and resources like the study rooms, print services, and computer labs with tutoring. It also includes many places where students can hang out: the student lounge and indoor and outdoor gathering spaces.
Clubs and organizations
The college has 43 student clubs and organizations representing a wide variety of interest, including an Active Seniors Club, the African Student Union, a Caribbean Student Association, an Honors Society, Intercollegiate Athletics, Improvisational Theatre, a Muslim Student Association, a chapter of Phi Theta Kappa, and a Student Governance Board to name a few. The school mascot and also the name of the student newspaper is The Owl.
Student Governance Board
The Student Governance Board is the governing organization and official voice of the student body. The Student Governance Board make recommendations to the college's board of trustees and the college, obtains students' concerns and feedback, and collaborate with other student clubs and organizations in organizing academic seminars as well as student activities.
The business of the Student Governance Board is carried about by a Student Government Council, which consists of 15 members, including eight members of the Executive Office, six members of the college-Wide Forum, and the Student Trustees. The Student Government Council is elected annually during April of the Spring Semester. The 2009 Election has been considered the most successful election in the history of the Student Government Council. The Executive Office comprises the President, Vice President for Administrative Affairs, Vice President for Student Affairs, Vice President for Academic Affairs, Director of Public Relations, Director of Community Relations, Director of Club Relations, and Director of college-Wide Forum Relations. Any vacant positions are filled by presidential appointments with the consent of the Student Council.
Intercollegiate athletics
Prince George's Community College is a member of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) and Maryland Junior College Athletic Conference (MD JUCO). Ten intercollegiate teams represent the college in the NJCAA and MD JUCO, including:
Notable former students | 56751df8-520b-4e9d-b691-1f94f90b41e6 |
null | The Portuguese Albums Chart ranks the best-performing albums in Portugal, as compiled by the Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa. | e15cfed8-c03f-4127-9c7b-a7ad3d81f209 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_in_Sweden"} | Sweden-related events during the year of 1899
Events from the year 1899 in Sweden
Incumbents
Events
Births
Deaths | 4064ec0f-065e-48c1-bac9-6f2551802a42 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lucky_Star"} | The Lucky Star is an English comic opera, in three acts, composed by Ivan Caryll, with dialogue by Charles H. Brookfield (revised by Helen Lenoir) and lyrics by Adrian Ross and Aubrey Hopwood. It was produced by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company and opened at the Savoy Theatre on 7 January 1899 for a run of 143 performances.
The opera starred the usual Savoy Theatre cast from that period, including Walter Passmore, Henry Lytton, Robert Evett, Ruth Vincent, Emmie Owen and Isabel Jay. Direction was by Richard Barker, choreography was by Willie Warde, and costumes were designed by Percy Anderson.
Background
The opera is based on L'étoile, written in 1877 by Eugène Leterrier and Albert Vanloo, with additional material by Paul Verlaine and music by Emmanuel Chabrier. It is also based on The Merry Monarch, an American translation of L'étoile by J. Cheever Goodwin with music by Woolson Morse, produced in 1890. Caryll used a small amount of Chabrier's music in the first act finale.
The Lucky Star was the only Savoy Opera where a woman plays a man's part. The piece has many other characteristics of Edwardian musical comedy, which had become popular on the London stage in the 1890s – broader comedy, a thin romance, bright tunes, comedians, a chorus of pretty girls, some risqué situations, a "coon" song, songs regarding news of the day, separate authors of dialogue and lyrics, and a star, Walter Passmore. This half-musical, half-comic opera, did not appeal strongly to the Savoy Theatre's audiences and was unable to achieve a long run.
Synopsis
King Ouf is a superstitious monarch. The King is informed by his astrologer Siroco that his destiny is linked with that of an itinerant painter named Lazuli, who is in love with the King's intended bride, the Princess Laoula. Siroco's astrological charts reveal that Lazuli's death will result in the King's. The King decrees that Siroco will be executed moments after the King's death, and so both have an interest in keeping Lazuli alive.
Roles
Musical numbers
Act I - A Public Square
Act II - Throne-Room in the King's Palace
Act III - A Summer-Room in the Palace
Reception
The Times commented, "One portion of a single finale is all that remains of Chabrier's work in the production. There is in the book of words a wholly unnecessary announcement to the effect that this portion is by a different hand from the rest; the 'join' is quite unmistakable, for during the too-short extract from the original score the music suddenly becomes humorous, charming and brilliantly melodious, besides being orchestrated in a fresh and musicianly way." The Manchester Guardian praised Caryll's music for its "tuneful dance melodies … while the concerted pieces are marked by abundant piquancy and animation." Passmore, the paper said, "maintains the spirit of fun at fever heat whenever he is upon the stage." Reviewing the touring production later in the same year, the paper commented on the libretto: "The Gilbertian kind of comic opera is not the worst kind. Though rather irritating with its unchanging tone of frigid banter, it is ambrosia compared with the stuff here offered by Messrs Leterrier, Vanloo, Goodwin, Morse, Brockfield, Ross, Hopwood and Co." The Observer commented that the piece was of a different, and inferior, class to the customary Savoy Operas, but was nonetheless good of its kind. | be3c1130-eea6-4723-b98c-90991fbc3e82 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnatholepis"} | Genus of fishes
Gnatholepis is a genus of fish in the family Gobiidae, the gobies. It is the only marine genus in the subfamily Gobionellinae, which otherwise includes mostly estuary-dwelling and freshwater fish. Gnatholepis are tropical fish associated with sandy habitat around corals.
Species
There are currently 10 recognized species in this genus.
Species include: | b85b09f8-909e-47bc-a933-c6e0b2473384 |
null | Unincorporated community in Alabama, United States
Unincorporated community in Alabama, United States
Trickem is an unincorporated community in Lowndes County, Alabama, United States.
History
A post office called Trickem was established in 1891, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1903. | 1b1eedf6-8c59-414e-9244-23c4db6b55ae |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_Provincial_Pereyra_Iraola"} | The Pereyra Iraola Park is a Provincial Park and is the largest urban park located in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is the richest center of biodiversity in the province.
The land used to belong to the Pereyra Iraola family, who acquired it from Juana Rita Pinto. In 1949, the family was expropriated by the government headed by General Juan Domingo Peron to build a community park which was opened a year later. The park measures 10,246 hectares and is located between the cities of Berazategui, Ensenada, Florencio Varela and La Plata.
During the second presidency of General Peron, the area encompassing the current park and the train station that links the Buenos Aires train station Constitución with the La Plata train station, were called Derechos de la Ancianidad (trans. "Rights of the Elderly").
Biosphere Reserve
In 2008, UNESCO declared Pereyra Iraola park a Biosphere Reserve. The initiative aims to conserve biodiversity in the park and to prevent it from further development in the area.
Accusations of improper use
In October 2010, a TV program showed that Pereyra Iraola Park is used for purposes other than what was planned for, including landfill operations and a new section of the President Perón highway that would have affected the nature reserve. Recently, the project was suspended.
Name change
On 23 November 2012, the Senate of the Province of Buenos Aires approved by the Governor of the Buenos Aires Province granted approval to change the name of the park for Governor Domingo Mercante. The proposal was the provincial initiative of Senator Santiago Carreras, of the Front for Victory political party. It emphasizes that the "goal of changing the name of Parque Pereyra Iraola from Buenos Aires Governor Domingo Mercante, [is to] try to remember and recognize his important management decision to expropriate these lands" | 8a794cf8-ec67-4c1c-a56d-edc5a0c2e85c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Rajasthan"} | State university in Jaipur, Rajasthan
University of Rajasthan is a public and state university in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India and is one of the oldest universities in the state. It was set up on 8 January 1947 as the University of Rajputana and was given its current name in 1956.
Campus
Spread in approximately 285.29 hectares (705.0 acres) on Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, also known as the central spine of Jaipur, the central campus incubates various departments, libraries, sports complexes etc. The university has always accorded a high priority to games and sports. The university has a modern sports complex, and also a swimming pool, the latter has been the venue of many national swimming meets and inter university-national tournaments.
Organisation and administration
Affiliated colleges
Its jurisdiction extends over the two districts Dausa and Jaipur. As of 2018[update], University of Rajasthan has published a list of 255 Affiliated Colleges.
Constituent colleges
Notable alumni
Arts, cinema And literature
Politics and law
Science, technology and medicine
Sports | 898ec713-17f3-445a-b079-5c5dde940608 |
null | Nature refuge in Staten Island, New York
Long Pond Park is a park preserve on the South Shore of Staten Island, New York City. It is approximately 115 acres (0.47 km2) in size and consists mainly of woodlands and wetlands that surround Long Pond, for which the park is named. Long Pond Park is roughly bounded by Hylan Boulevard on the south, Page Avenue on the west, Amboy Road on the north, and Richard Avenue on the east. It is an important stopping point for migrating birds in the Atlantic Flyway.
The majority of parkland was created in 1997 when the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation acquired 90 acres (36 ha) of land surrounding Long Pond. Another Sixteen acres (6.5 ha) were added in 2001 and 1.6 acres (0.65 ha) were added in 2006. In addition to serving as a nature preserve, Long Pond Park also forms part of the Staten Island Bluebelt, a stormwater drainage system. | 7281c117-fb43-4b5b-b195-bab49d7721da |
null | Brazilian politician
José Eduardo do Prado Kelly (10 September 1904 – 11 November 1986) was a Brazilian jurist, lawyer, poet, journalist and politician. He was minister of the Supreme Federal Court, president of the Order of Attorneys of Brazil (OAB), minister of Justice and Interior Affairs, federal deputy for Rio de Janeiro and president of the National Democratic Union (UDN).
His father, Otávio Kelly, was also minister of the Supreme Federal Court. | 8b09cf70-d789-4952-8827-48514f1211e8 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranalisma"} | Genus of plants
Ranalisma is a genus in the family Alismataceae. It includes two species; one from tropical Africa and the other from southeast Asia.
Species | 73cb88d6-eaa6-40fa-88fd-3bebc7089573 |
null | The following is a list of the power stations in Peru.
Coal
Gas
Hydroelectric | 2f2b233d-8281-474d-af21-d1a0b9ee9473 |
null | Cindy Williams may refer to: | 12d32ee6-52bf-4e0b-ad54-6906e3fbe552 |
null | Stages of development may refer to:
Biology
Economics
Psychology
Developmental stage theories / Child development stages – stages of child development
Sociology
Technology
Topics referred to by the same term | 604ad4b2-369f-4ec4-be13-6589002e4438 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_Beasts"} | English indie rock band
Wild Beasts were an English indie rock band, formed in 2002 in Kendal. They released their first single, "Brave Bulging Buoyant Clairvoyants", on Bad Sneakers Records in November 2006, and subsequently signed to Domino Records. They have released five acclaimed albums, Limbo, Panto in 2008, Two Dancers in 2009, Smother in 2011, Present Tense in 2014 and Boy King in 2016. Two Dancers was nominated for the Mercury Prize.
History
In 2002, Queen Katherine School students Hayden Thorpe and Ben Little, then both sixteen years of age, formed the duo Fauve, the French term for "wild beast", and began writing songs together. In January 2004, classmates Chris Talbot and bassist Gareth Bullock joined as drummer and bassist respectively and the band's name became Wild Beasts. At this time, the quartet had convened in a recording and rehearsal space dubbed Studio 6 in Kendal, where they recorded their eponymous demo EP in June 2004.
In September 2005, the band relocated to Leeds and Tom Fleming replaced Bullock as full-time bassist. All the bandmembers apart from Little studied at the local university, and played their first Leeds gig at Trash (formerly The Mixing Tin). The new quartet recorded two further demo EPs, Esprit De Corps and All Men.
Wild Beasts signed a deal with Bad Sneakers Records in August 2006. They recorded a live session of three tracks in November 2006 for Marc Riley's Brain Surgery on BBC Radio 6 Music. Bad Sneakers released "Brave Bulging Buoyant Clairvoyants" on 20 November. With Hayden's "enormous falsetto voice, which soars over chiming guitars", the single was placed at number 17 in the UK indie chart.
In February 2007, Wild Beasts signed to Domino Records. A second single was released on Bad Sneakers Records in April 2007, "Through Dark Night". In May 2007, music magazine NME listed Wild Beasts as one of ten bands "tipped for the top". Wild Beasts' debut album Limbo, Panto, described as "shocking, funny, and above all irrevocable", was released on 16 June 2008, with "The Devil's Crayon" single following on 30 June.
The band's second album Two Dancers was released in August 2009 and was widely acclaimed; it featured in many end of year best albums lists for 2009. It was nominated for the 2010 Mercury Prize. Wild Beasts' third studio album, entitled Smother, was released in May 2011. The band subsequently announced the addition of touring band member Katie Harkin from Sky Larkin. They won the 2011 London Awards for Art and Performance.
The band released their fourth studio album Present Tense on 24 February 2014.
Their fifth studio album, Boy King was released on 5 August 2016 also on Domino Records.
On 25 September 2017, Wild Beasts announced their disbandment. An EP, Punk Drunk & Trembling, was released on 20 October 2017. They released a live album, titled Last Night All My Dreams Came True, on 16 February 2018. The band came to an end in February 2018, with three final shows featuring songs from each of their five albums.
Both Thorpe and Fleming have since gone on to pursue solo projects. Thorpe released his solo debut Diviner in May 2019, whilst in July that year, Fleming reemerged under the name One True Pairing.
Discography
Albums
EPs
Live albums
Singles
Remixes | 2f584b17-5568-46bc-969c-19dec580bf71 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abudefduf_hoefleri"} | Species of fish
Abudefduf hoefleri, commonly known as the African sergeant, is a species of damselfish in the family Pomacentridae. It is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean where it ranges from Senegal to Benin, including Cape Verde, Ilhéu das Rolas, and São Tomé Island. It is a littoral species typically encountered in rocky reef environments. The species is oviparous, with individuals forming distinct pairs during breeding and males guarding and aerating eggs. Abudefduf hoefleri reaches 20 cm (7.9 inches) in total length.
In 2014, a specimen of Abudefduf hoefleri was collected in the waters of Malta, representing the first record of the species from the Mediterranean Sea, a region that it is not native to. While originally of uncertain identity within the genus Abudefduf, the specimen was identified as A. hoefleri after a 2015 analysis. | 44239a34-7eb9-41c5-8c7b-bd806dce79f8 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Korean_rhythm"} | Korean traditional rhythm also called Jangdan (장단) is a rhythm which the rhythmic form is repeated with percussion instrument such as Janggu or hourglass drum. There is a basic format but there are many variations while playing the songs. Korean traditional music is usually singing within the Jangdan played by Janggu or eastern drum. This accompaniment is called 'hitting the Jangdan'. But in music mainly composed by percussion instrument like Korean traditional folk music, it is called 'hitting the steel' or 'hitting the Pungmul(풍물)' which is a Korean traditional folk music. Jangdan can be categorized into two groups: Jeong-Ak (Formal music) Jangdan and Min-Sok-Ak (traditional folk music) Jangdan.
How to read Jangdan
When playing janggu, usually chae is used by right hand, and nothing on left. However, while playing outdoor music or Samul nori, people use gung chae with their left hand. Also, it is general to hit the middle side of the chae side, but exceptionally, corner of the chae side with small volume is used while playing solo or indoor music.
Jeong-Ak (Formal music) Jangdan
Jangdan used in Jeong-Ak is usually played by Janggu. It is often used in Jangdan in Young-San-Hoe-Sang(靈山會相). Also, Jangdan in music for national ceremonies is an example. There are many combinations of rhythms in slow Jeong-Ak Jangdan, and many Doduri in normal speed Jangdan, and many Ta-ryoung in fast Jangdan.
Sang-Young-San Jangdan
Sang-Young-San Jangdan is a very slow 10-beat tempo. If one beat is considered as a half note, the Jangdan is a 10/2 beat tempo, and if considered a quarter note, the Jangdan is a 10/8+8+8 beat tempo. Sometime it is considered 20 beat tempo for very slow music. The Sang-Young-San Jangdan is used in the first and middle part of the Young-San-Hoe-Sang(靈山會相), 1~3 chapter of Yeo-Min-Rak (與民樂), 1~4 chapter of Bo-Heo-Sa/Bo-Heo-Ja(步虛子).
Se-Ryoung-San Jangdan
Se-Ryoung-San Jangdan is a 10 beat tempo, similar to Sang-Young-San Jangdan, but a bit faster so it has many variations. It is used in Se-young-San in Young-San-Hoe-Sang, Ga-Rak-Deo-Ri, 4~7 chapter of Yeo-Min-Rak, and 5~7 chapter of Bo-Heo-Sa/Bo-Heo-Ja(步虛子).
Doduri Jangdan
Doduri Jangdan is the most used Jangdan in Jeong-Ak (formal music), a 6 beat tempo in normal speed. It has many variations that depends on the song.
Chee-Ta Jangdan
Chee-Ta Jangdan is used in marching music. It is a 12-beat tempo.
Ga-Gok (songs with singing/lyrics) Jangdan
In most Ga-Gok, the Jangdan mostly has a 16-beat tempo.
Extra Jangdan
Min-Sok-Ak (traditional folk music) Jangdan
There are many categories in traditional folk music. Pansori Jangdan is played by a drum, the Jangdan of Ip-Chang is played by Sogo (mini drum). The Jangdan of all traditional instrumental music are played by Jang-gu.
Gutgeori (굿거리)
Gutgeori jang dan is 12 beats jang dan most played in Folk music with Semati jang dan. Gutgeori ja dan's basic rhythm is ‘(덩기덕 쿵 더러러러 쿵기덕 쿵 더러러러)’. It's played in various cases like pansori, sanjo, muak and dancing music. For example, Gutgeori is played in Folk music like Nuilliliya, Hangangsu-talyeoung, Pungnyeon-ga. it's played in Gut in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Jeolla. In this case, it is usually made up with piri, haegum, janggu in Seoul or Gyeonggi, and we add jing at Jeolla's Gut.
Dodeuri (도드리)
Dodeuri jangdan is played in various kind of music and it's changed its rhythm by purposes. Music with Dodley jangdan gives us grave and strong feelings. Dodley of eight-eighteen times or six-four times used in Yeongsan-Hoesang, and Dodley of six-two times used in pansori like Chunmyeongog or Jugjisa. Otherwise we play Dodley jangdan for court dance as Cheoyongmu, Pogulag and Samhyeon dodley which is made up with Samhyeon-yuggag.
Semachi (세마치)
‘Semachi’ means ‘finish at third turn’ namely play three times. Its basic rhythm is (덩덩덕쿵덕). Semachi jangdan is a bit fast three beats jangdan. We divide it one time as three beats so we could play the nine-eight times jangdan. Music with Semachi jangdan gives us cheerful and valiant feelings. Semati jangdan is one of the jangdan played in pansori and nongak. For example, it's played in Yangsando, Ginbanga-Talyeong, Jindo-Arirang, Bellflower-Talyeong.·
Eotmori (엇모리)
‘Eotmori’ means jangdan which go forward in rotation. Its basic rhythm is (더엉궁 따악 구웅 궁 따악). Urmorie jangdan is very fast ten-eight times jangdan. Unusually, it is composed with 3-beats and 2-beats rotation instead of the same rhythm's repetition. Urmorie jangdan is played in pansori and sanjo. There are late Urmorie and frequent Urmorie jangdan which have different speed. Pansori is usually made up with late Urmorie and frequent Urmorie jangdan. Sanjo is usually made up with late Urmorie Jangdan.
Jajinmori (자진모리)
‘Jajinmori’ means ‘Frequently’ jangdan. Its basic rhythm is (덩 쿵 쿵덕쿵). Jajinmori jangdan is fast eight-twelve times jangdan which is played in pansori or sanjo. We can play its 3beats together as one time, and this case one jangdan is same as 4times. Music with Jajinmori jangdan gives us active and enchanting feelings. Jajinmori jangdan is usually played in pansori, sanjo, nongak and Muga, especially dramatic and urgent parts. We could see Jajinmorie jangdan in Chunhyang-ga, Simcheong-ga. Heungbu-ga, Jeokbyeok-ga.
Jungmori (중모리)
This is one of the jangdan in Korean traditional music. This jangdan is composed of 12 tempos and usually used in pansori sanjo and minyo the Korean traditional folk song. These tempos are average 12 tempos and 1 tempo is expressed as quarter note so total tempo of the 12/4 beat. In Pansori this jangdan is used in descriptive part or emotional parts. Famous usage of this jangdan is <Chunhyangga>'s SSukdaemuri and <Heungboga>'s Ganantaryeong.
Jungjungmori (중중모리)
Jungjungmorie is usually used in part which is very fun and exciting but sometimes used in part which expresses struggling and wailing. Most famous part which uses Jungjungmorie is <Chunhyangga>’s gisanyeongsu.
Jinyangjo (진양조)
This jangdan is the slowest jangdan used in Pansori or Sanjo. 6 beats composes one gak and 4 gak composes 1 jangdan so 1 jangdan is composed of 24 beats. At pushing sound we use first gak and in hanging sound and third gak for binding sounds and last gak for unwinding sound. The number of gaks depends on the binding and unwinding of sounds. This jangdan is usually used in lyrical, leisurely, majestic, fluffy, or crying lyrical parts
Hwimori (휘모리)
By its name ‘Hwimorie(휘모리)’ we can notice that this jangdan is as fast as a whirlwind. At first beat we make ‘deong’, and at the late third beat we hit strong with chae. This jangdan is wrote as 4/4 or 12/8 beats. This is the fastest jangdan used in Pansori or Sanjo and usually used in a situation which is very busy. The most famous part which uses this jangdan is the end of <Choonhyangga>’s sinyunmadji.
Utjungmori (엇중모리)
This jangdan is used in Pansori and composed of 6 beats and the speed is average speed. It is used at the end of the part where the boss tells the story or at the end of the pansori. The most famous part which uses this jangdan is <Choonhyangga>’s By hoedongsungchampan younggam. | 685023dd-c68c-486c-9b6f-7043361ab42e |
null | Dam in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan
Dam in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan
Matsunaga Tameike (Japanese: 松永溜池) is a rockfill dam located in Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 1.8 km2. The dam impounds about 4 ha of land when full and can store 382 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1968. | daec72c7-fee9-415a-ac43-ba34d7e22682 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Can_We_Say%3F"} | 1991 studio album by MC OJ and Rhythm Slave
What Can We Say? is the 1991 debut album of New Zealand hip hop duo MC OJ and Rhythm Slave. It includes the singles "That's The Way (Positivity)" and "Money Worries", which charted at #12 and #36 respectively.
The album was written and produced in collaboration with George Hubbard and Daniel Barnes (Rhythm and Business) and Paul Casserly and Mark Tierney (Strawpeople).
Track listing
All lyrics are written by M Williams, O Frizzell. | 2df95ef0-9ed5-45c2-b8b3-67740319eda3 |
null | Govindasamy Mugesh (born 1970) is an Indian inorganic and physical chemist, a professor and the head of the Mugesh Laboratory attached to the department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry at the Indian Institute of Science. He is known for his studies on mechanism of thyroid hormone action and is an elected fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy, Royal Society of Chemistry and the National Academy of Sciences, India. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 2012, for his contributions to chemical sciences. In 2019, he was awarded the Infosys Prize in Physical Sciences for his seminal work in the chemical synthesis of small molecules and nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
Biography
Born on 29 May 1970 in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu, G. Mugesh completed his graduate studies in chemistry at the University of Madras in 1990 and after obtaining a master's degree from Bharathidasan University in 1993, he enrolled for his doctoral degree at the Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai under the guidance of H. B. Singh to secure a PhD in 1998. Remaining at the institute, he did his post doctoral studies there till 2000 and moved to continue his studies at the laboratories of de:Wolf-Walther du Mont of Brunswick University of Technology and de:Helmut Sies of University of Düsseldorf on an Alexander von Humboldt fellowship till 2001. Subsequently, obtaining a Skaggs Postdoctoral Fellowship, he moved to the US to work with K. C. Nicolaou at Scripps Research Institute. On his return to India in 2002, he joined the Indian Institute of Science as an assistant professor where he rose in ranks to become an associate professor in 2006 and a professor at the department of inorganic and physical chemistry in 2012. At IISc, he heads the Mugesh Laboratory attached to it.
Legacy
Mugesh is known to have carried out extensive researches on the chemistry of thyroid hormone metabolism and his work has assisted in widening the understanding of organic/inorganic synthesis and enzyme mimetic studies. He is credited with the development of therapeutic protocols for endothelial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases and with notable work on β-lactamase-based antibiotic resistance. His researches have been documented by way of a number of peer-reviewed articles; ResearchGate and Google Scholar, two online article repositories of scientific articles, has listed 151 and 153 of them respectively. He has done many clinical trials including the one on a compound developed by him for use as an anti-thyroid agent. He has also been associated with science journals such as Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, ACS Omega of the American Chemical Society, Bioorganic Chemistry of Elsevier and Scientific Reports of Nature Publishing Group as a member of their editorial boards and serves as the vice president of the Asian Chemical Editorial Society (ACES) which publishes three science journals viz. Chemistry – An Asian Journal, Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry, and ChemNanoMat.
Awards and honors
Mugesh received the International Award for Young Chemists of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Equipment Award in 2005. The World Academy of Sciences selected him as a Young Affiliate in 2008 and he received the UKIERI Standard Research Award in 2009. The year 2010 brought him four awards, viz. the Bronze Medal of the Chemical Research Society of India, Young Scientist Award of InterAcademy Panel, RSC-West India Young Scientist Award, Award for Excellence in Drug Research of Central Drug Research Institute The next year, he was chosen for AstraZeneca Excellence in Chemistry Award and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 2012. He was awarded Asian Rising Star Commemorative Plaque at the 15th Asian Chemical Congress organized by Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS) in 2013 and he was selected for the ISCB Award for Excellence by the Indian Society of Chemists and Biologists in 2016.
Holder of an Alexander von Humboldt fellowship during his post-doctoral days, Swarnajayanthi Fellowship (2006–07), Ramanna Fellowship (2008–09) and the J. C. Bose National Fellowship (2015) of the Department of Science and Technology and the Invitation Fellowship of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (2016), Mugesh was elected as a fellow by the Indian Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences, India in 2010 by the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2013 and by the Indian National Science Academy in 2016. Dr. R. A. Mashelkar Endowment Lecture of National Chemical Laboratory (2014) and the Prof. S. K. Pradhan Endowment Lecture of Institute of Chemical Technology (2014) feature among the several award rations he has delivered. | 019b1f02-b253-4ad8-b4c6-823d18c41e93 |
null | Pedro Ortíz may refer to: | 6313130a-45a8-4640-b55e-69438736b2aa |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bail%C3%A9n_(Metrovalencia)"} | Bailén is a metro station of the Metrovalencia network in Valencia, Spain. It is situated on Carrer de Bailén, in the southern part of the city centre. The station is an underground structure. | 96238db6-7fc8-49c8-9bab-180c4535096d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cane_Ridge_Meeting_House"} | Historic building in Kentucky, United States
Cane Ridge Meeting House is a historic church building on Cane Ridge near Paris, Kentucky built in 1791. It is one of the oldest church buildings in Kentucky and the largest one room log structure. The church was the site of a large frontier Christian revival in 1801 hosted by the local Presbyterian congregation that met in the building. Nearly 10,000 people attending. According to the museum "[i]n 1804, a small group of Presbyterian ministers from Kentucky and Ohio... penned and signed a document, "The Last Will and Testament of the Springfield Presbytery", at Cane Ridge that resulted in the birth of a movement seeking unity among Christians along non-sectarian lines. They would call themselves simply "Christians. The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), the Churches of Christ (non-instrumental), and the Christian Churches (independent) of the Stone-Campbell movement trace their origins here. This movement is often noted as the first one indigenous to American soil." In the 1930s a stone building was constructed around the original log structure. The church is still used for worship.
Images | ba691809-a876-4333-8778-32a871c1aacb |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moody_Mansion_(Pittston,_Maine)"} | Historic house in Maine, United States
United States historic place
The Moody Mansion is a historic house on Maine State Route 194 in Pittston, Maine. Built as a summer house in 1890, it is an imposing high-quality example of Late Victorian Queen Anne architecture, now housing apartments. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
Description and history
The Moody Mansion stands in the village of East Pittston, on the west side of SR 194, opposite its junction with Hanley Road. It is a large three-story wood-frame structure, dwarfing most of the nearby houses and buildings in the village. It has a complex cross-gabled roofline, with a large front-facing wall dormer whose gable is decorated with applied woodwork. The house exterior is finished in a variety of clapboards and decorative scalloped shingles. A single-story porch wraps across the front and around the left side, with an angled pavilion at the northeast corner, and a similar entry pavilion ath the southeast corner. The interior retains significant high quality features, despite having been altered several times for different uses.
The house was built in 1890 for Leonard and Marianna Moody, to a design by the Parfitt Brothers of Brooklyn, New York. Leonard Moody was a Pittston native who met with financial success in the Brooklyn real estate business, and had this house built as a summer residence. The house was so large and elaborate for a modest rural community, that its construction garnered coverage from local newspapers. In 1903, the family let the house as a summer boarding house. It was sold out of the family after Leonard's death in 1905, and has since seen use as a nursing home, farmhouse, retirement home, and its present configuration with a restaurant (closed) on the ground floor and residences above. | 115781f8-dddb-4cbf-8bb6-2b0fc732e899 |
null | Soviet fencer
Ak'ak'i Meipariani (Georgian: აკაკი მეიფარიანი; 28 February 1918 – 31 December 1995) was a Soviet Olympic fencer. He competed in the team épée event at the 1952 Summer Olympics. | 76e3d1cd-9f8c-45f0-a416-0c6bef3044b5 |
null | Island in the Fox Islands
Unalga Island (Aleut: Unalĝa) is one of the Fox Islands subgroup of the Aleutian Islands of southwestern Alaska, United States. It lies just northeast of Unalaska Island and across Akutan Pass from Akutan Island to its northeast. It is the westernmost island in the Aleutians East Borough. Unalga Island has a land area of 11.004 square miles (28.50 square kilometres) and is unpopulated. The island is 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) long and 8.2 kilometres (5.1 mi) wide. | 70919f3b-aaf5-4581-bd0e-1be72455f343 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdie_Alexander"} | American educator and music teacher
Birdie Alexander (March 24, 1870 – August 2, 1960) was an American educator and music teacher. She was a charter member of the Music Supervisors' National Conference. Alexander is credited with laying the foundations of music education in the Dallas public schools.
Biography
Alexander was born on March 24, 1870, in Lincoln County, Tennessee. Later, she and her family moved to Texas and she attended school in Forney, Texas and also at Mary Nash College. She returned to Tennessee to study piano and voice at Ward Seminary, graduating in 1891. When she graduated, she and her family moved to Dallas. Alexander became the Dallas Public School's music supervisor and worked there for twelve years during which she established a "first rate system of music education." She organized special concerts for students with conductor Walter Fried. Alexander was a charter member of the Music Supervisors' National Conference, founded in 1907. When officials cut back on music programs, Alexander created her own music textbook, published in 1912, called Songs We Like to Sing. Alexander was also instrumental in bringing a victrola to play music for her students. She was also invited to lecture on music education at the University of Texas.
Alexander moved to El Paso for health reasons in 1913 after contracting tuberculosis. Her brother-in-law, Robert B. Homan, Sr., was a physician and ran a sanatorium in El Paso called Homan's San. Alexander stayed at the sanatorium for four years where she worked in the office and didn't feel that she would be able to go back to teaching music. Eventually, Alexander began to give piano lessons for her niece and word began to spread and soon Alexander had many students. There were times when she had more students than she could teach and in those situations, she would refer them to other teachers.
Alexander was made an honorary life member of the National Music Teachers' Association of Texas in 1941. Formerly, she had served as president of the organization. In addition, she put together the music department for the Texas State Teachers Association.
Death and legacy
Alexander died in her home in El Paso on August 2, 1960. She was buried in Evergreen Cemetery in El Paso. An elementary school named after Alexander was dedicated in Dallas in March 1970. | 9d2401ab-054e-43fe-9029-fd675d3c28e9 |
null | 2021 single by Rag'n'Bone Man
"All You Ever Wanted" is a song by English singer-songwriter Rag'n'Bone Man. It was released as a digital download and for streaming on 29 January 2021 as the lead single from his second studio album Life by Misadventure. The song was written by Ben Jackson-Cook, Mike Elizondo, Natalie Hemby and Rory Graham.
Background
Talking about the song, he said, "I'd felt sad looking around Brighton and London where I grew up…remembering all those cool places that aren't there anymore." The song was recorded in Tennessee and was co-written and produced with his longtime collaborator Ben Jackson-Cook and Mike Elizondo.
Music video
A music video to accompany the release of "All You Ever Wanted" was first released onto YouTube on 29 January 2021. The video was directed by Will Hooper.
Personnel
Credits adapted from Tidal.
Charts
Release history | fa3af187-6ea7-4ebc-9c6f-23a57308e6c3 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phallostethinae"} | Subfamily of fishes
Phallostethinae is a subfamily of fishes, one of two subfamilies in the family Phallostethidae, the priapumfishes. The species in this subfamily are characterised mainly by having highly protrusible jaws. The genus Neostethus appears to be the sister taxon to the other two genera in the subfamily. The species in the Phallostethinae are found in south-east Asia, the Malay Archipelago and the Philippines.
Genera
The following three genera are classified in the subfamily Phallostethinae: | b05e33cd-6cfd-42eb-b819-50e67bbf22ee |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylbarbital"} | Chemical compound
Propylbarbital (Propal, Propanal, Proponal), also known as 5,5-dipropylbarbituric acid, is a barbiturate derivative used as a hypnotic drug. | 69899a26-8bf0-41d8-9309-d26d2679e9ff |
null | The Celle-Soltau, Celle-Munster Light Railway (German: Kleinbahn Celle-Soltau, Celle-Munster GmbH) was until 1908 a publicly owned company run by the district of Celle in North Germany and was originally named the Garßen–Bergen Light Railway (Kleinbahn Garßen-Bergen).
It was the builder and operator of the Celle–Soltau railway and its branch line from Beckedorf to Munster.
The initiative to build a railway to Bergen came from Celle district, who opened the first section from Garßen via Beckedorf to Bergen on 23 April 1902. The terminus had to be built at Garßen because no agreement could be reached with the town of Celle about the routing of the line within the town limits. With the permission of the Celle–Wittingen Light Railway a solution was found in the shape of a junction on their line. It was more than two years later, on 13 December 1904, that direct services from Bergen to Celle became possible when the line to Celle-Vorstadt on the Celle–Wittingen railway was opened. As a result, passenger trains no longer stopped at Garßen and goods trains (transferred to the state railway) followed suit on 1 September 1910. The railway facilities in Garßen were not dismantled until the 1930s.
In 1905 joint operations were agreed with the Celle-Wittingen Light Railway.
On 23 April 1910 the railway was extended from Bergen to Soltau and from Beckedorf to Munster. Two years earlier, in 1908 the Celle–Soltau, Celle–Munster Light Railway had been founded as a GmbH, supported by the district of Celle, the Kingdom of Prussia, the Province of Hanover and the districts of Fallingbostel and Soltau, the town of Celle and several villages along the line.
During Germany's re-armament prior to the Second World War several sidings were built to serve military bases (Scheuen, Bergen) which caused a sharp rise in traffic. From 1940 the line was no longer handled as a light railway but as a public railway due to standardisation of the Reich's regulations. This was reflected in the company's new name: the Celle-Soltau, Celle–Munster Railway (Eisenbahn Celle-Soltau, Celle–Munster).
On 1 March 1944 a merger agreement with the Celle-Wittingen Railway went into force to form the new company of Celle Railway Company (Celler Eisenbahn AG); this was merged in turn on 10 July 1944 into the East Hanoverian Railways (Osthannoversche Eisenbahnen).
The lines are still working today.
Sources | a0c34593-acc3-4438-ad45-be612cc44ce6 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremen_Township,_Delaware_County,_Iowa"} | Township in Iowa, United States
Bremen Township is a township in Delaware County, Iowa, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 849.
Geography
Bremen Township covers an area of 36.69 square miles (95.02 square kilometers); of this, 0.01 square miles (0.04 square kilometers) or 0.04 percent is water. Lakes in this township include Tegeler Pond.
Cities and towns
Unincorporated towns
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)
Adjacent townships
Cemeteries
The township contains two cemeteries: Saint Francis and Saint Peter and Paul.
Major highways | 263506e6-a6ce-4110-974f-a0d1f26d418f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_(Teenage_Bottlerocket_album)"} | 2005 studio album by Teenage Bottlerocket
Total is the second album by the American pop punk band Teenage Bottlerocket. It was released on April 12, 2005, on Red Scare Records. The album was recorded at The Blasting Room by Andrew Berlin and Bill Stevenson. "Radio" and "Blood Bath at Burger King", which were previously released on a split 7-inch with Prototipes, were recorded October 29 and 30, 2004. The rest of the songs were recorded December 18–23, 2004 and January 3–6, 2005.
Three songs that originally appeared on Another Way, the band's previous album, were re-recorded during the Total sessions: "Rebound", which appears on the album, "Be Stag", which only appears on the vinyl version of the album, and "Pull the Plug", which was released on the Take Action! Vol. 5 compilation. Additionally, "Go Away" was also re-recorded for this album, originally appearing on a split 7-inch with Bill the Welder.
Reception
Corey Apar for AllMusic says, "Total is right up at the top with the best pop-punk out there...", comparing the band's sound to that of the Ramones. Punknews.org ranked the album at number 18 on their list of the year's 20 best releases.
Track listing
CD
Vinyl
Side A
Side B
Personnel | ab79b58e-3aa9-4309-9afa-17ac75e25336 |
null | American poet, playwright, visual artist, editor, and publisher
Tom Weigel (October 14, 1948 – October 2017) was an American poet, playwright, visual artist, editor, and publisher. He was a principal member of the third generation of the New York School.
Life and work
Tom Weigel was born in Astoria, Queens, NY to Thomas Peter Weigel and Theresa Patricia Sheehan (Weigel) both of New York City. His grandfather, John J. Sheehan, was born in County Cork, Ireland. The Weigel family, of German descent, had a hardware store in New York City during the 1920s located on 2nd Avenue and 64th Street. Tom graduated from Northport High School, on Long Island in 1966. He began writing poetry and fiction in his early teens as well as writing for the school newspaper and The Northport Journal.
In 1968/69 Weigel lived on West 4th Street in New York City. His upstairs neighbor, was the filmmaker and poet, Piero Heliczer who introduced Weigel to the Poetry Project where he gave his first reading.
Weigel attended Parsons School of Design while working for a variety of Architectural firms in New York City including: I.M. Pei, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and Edward Larrabee Barnes. In 1970 he married designer Frances Beeler, and they moved to Buffalo, New York and later to Louisville, Kentucky where Weigel worked at the McCauley Theater. In 1977 he divorced and returned to New York City living in an apartment on East 6th Street in the East Village.
Weigel’s poetry was widely published in magazines during the years 1966-2018. His work can be seen in over 150 Poetry publications including The Paris Review. He was one of the early publishers of small 8 ½ x 11” stapled mimeograph magazines. Mimeo Revolution.
He studied writing at the Poetry Project, taking classes with Poet, Alice Notley and became friends with Ted Berrigan and Charles Henri Ford. During this time that he began publishing Tangerine Magazine and The Full Deck Anthology which included works by a wide array of East Village poets active in the 70s and 80s. His press, Andrea Doria Books published the poets Helena Hughes, Angela Dryden and Michael Scholnick, among others.
Weigel has read his work at hundreds of venues including The Museum of Modern Art Poetry Series hosted by Lita Hornick in May 1986 as well as The Ear Inn with Peter Schjeldahl. He read on Radio Belgrade (in the former Yugoslavia) with Nina Živančević.
Tom was introduced to Jackie Curtis by Andy Warhol at an art opening. Jackie and Tom soon became good friends and Tom’s apartment often became the outpost for reading plays and poet gatherings. A frequent guest was Margo Howard Howard. Together, Margo and Tom established The Mary Stuart Society. Weigel wrote an account of this time period in his book titled: Portrait of a Playwright: The Jackie Curtis Story.
After the deaths of many of the New York poets, artists and friends, Weigel moved out to New London, Connecticut and worked for the Lyman Allyn Art Museum. During this time he ran a poetry series at the local coffee house, Muddy Waters, and later at the Bean and Leaf Cafe while publishing a poetry magazine, BURP. His contributions to the establishment of a New London poetry scene was recognized by the town Council. On August 18th, 2014, Mayor Finizio and President Hyslop presented a joint proclamation to Weigel for his dedication and support of local poets.
The Australian Visual Poet, Artist and Filmmaker, Pete Spence, publishes an ongoing magazine dedicated to Tom titled OZ BURP.
Published works
Health and later years
In 2014, Weigel’s health deteriorated as he battled diabetes and cancer. He moved to an apartment in Chester, NY to be close to his sister, Monica Claire Antonie, who was caring for him. His remains were buried in the Chester, NY Cemetery. One of his Haiku’s are carved into the headstone, it reads:
in the frosted stillness
wondering where the wind goes
when it’s not blowing | 6cf866a3-33c4-4ee6-afa7-32ef6b1b8ef8 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Por%C4%99by,_Pomeranian_Voivodeship"} | Village in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
Poręby [pɔˈrɛmbɨ] (Kashubian: Pòrãbë) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sierakowice, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north-west of Sierakowice, 21 km (13 mi) west of Kartuzy, and 49 km (30 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
The village has a population of 79. | f1c3f2e2-264a-4464-b397-7e77876edc8e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sybaris"} | Important city of Magna Graecia
Sybaris (Ancient Greek: Σύβαρις; Italian: Sibari) was an important city of Magna Graecia. It was situated in modern Calabria, in southern Italy, between two rivers, the Crathis (Crati) and the Sybaris (Coscile).
The city was founded in 720 BC by Achaean and Troezenian settlers. Sybaris amassed great wealth thanks to its fertile land and busy port. Its inhabitants became famous among the Greeks for their hedonism, feasts, and excesses, to the extent that "sybarite" and "sybaritic" have become bywords for opulence, luxury, and outrageous pleasure-seeking.
In 510/509 BC the city was subjugated by its neighbor Kroton and its population driven out. Sybaris became a dependent ally of Kroton, but Kroton again besieged the city in 476/475 BC, probably resulting in another victory for Kroton. Two attempts to reoccupy the city failed around 452/451 BC and 446/445 BC when the remaining Sybarites were again expelled by the Krotoniates. After a call for help the Sybarites reoccupied their city later in 446/445 BC with the assistance of new settlers from Athens and other cities in the Peloponnese. This coexistence did not last long: the Sybarites got into a conflict with the new colonists and were ousted for the last time in the summer of 445 BC. In sum, the city saw a total of five periods of occupation separated by expulsion. The new settlers then proceeded to found the city of Thurii in 444/443 BC, a new colony which was built partially on top of the site of Sybaris. The surviving Sybarites founded Sybaris on the Traeis.
The ruins of Sybaris and Thurii became forgotten as they were buried by sediment from the Crati river. The ruins were rediscovered and excavated in the 1960s by Donald Freeman Brown. Today they can be found southeast of Sibari, a frazione in the comune of Cassano allo Ionio in the Province of Cosenza, Calabria region, Italy.
Geography
Strabo and Diodorus Siculus write that the city was situated close to the sea and lay between the Crathis and Sybaris rivers (from which the city derives its name). Most modern research places the city on a coastal ridge near a wetland lagoon. In the present the rivers are known as the Crati and Coscile. Today the Coscile feeds into the Crati about five kilometers from its mouth, which then passes just south of the archaeological site of the city. When Sybaris was still populated the Coscile pursued a direct course into the Gulf of Taranto, probably at a short distance to the north. The city lay on a plain that was renowned for its fertility.
History
Foundation in 720 BC
Sybaris was founded in 720 BC according to Pseudo-Scymnus. Strabo mentions it was an Achaean colony and that its oekist (founder) was Is [sic] of Helice, a city in Achaea. Aristotle writes the Achaeans were accompanied by a number of Troezenian citizens, but they were eventually expelled by the more numerous Achaeans. According to legend the city was founded by Sagaris, the son of Oïlean Ajax.
The authenticity of the name of the oekist is uncertain. Strabo is the only source for the name of the oekist, which might be a corruption of [Sagar]is or [Sybar]is. Further complicating the issue is the appearance of the letters Wiis on coins of Poseidonia. This has been interpreted as a confirmation of Strabo's account because Poseidonia is thought to be a colony of Sybaris.
Prosperity in the 7th and 6th century BC
Diodorus Siculus describes how Sybaris had amassed great wealth and a huge population as a result of its fertile farming land and its policy of admitting aliens to its citizenry. He calls it the largest city in Italy and states that it had 300,000 inhabitants. This number of inhabitants was certainly exaggerated but Sybaris was nonetheless a linchpin of Magna Graecia. Ephorus gives a figure of 100,000 inhabitants, which is perhaps closer to the truth. Strabo writes that its inhabitants on the Crathis occupied a circuit of fifty stadia (over 6 miles (9.7 km)). Furthermore, he explains that Sybaris was a dominant power in the region which ruled over four tribes and twenty-five subject cities. The inhabited area of the city occupied approximately 500 hectares (1,200 acres).
The Oenotrian city Pandosia was one of the settlements which seems to have been controlled by Sybaris. In the second half of the seventh century BC the Sybarites apparently took over the sanctuary of Athena on the Timpone della Motta from the Oenotrians. They celebrated large festivals regularly on this hill, which was located 15 kilometers to the northwest of their city. Sybaris extended its dominion across the peninsula to the Tyrrhenian Sea, where it is thought to have founded its colonies Poseidonia, Laüs and Scidrus. Poseidonia was founded in approximately 600 BC, but it is unknown when the latter two colonies were founded.
Descriptions of the wealth and luxury of Sybaris are plenty in the ancient literature. Smindyrides was a prominent citizen who is claimed by Herodotus to have surpassed all other men in refined luxury. Diodorus describes him as the wealthiest suitor for the daughter of Cleisthenes of Sicyon. He sailed from Sybaris to Sicyon in a ship of fifty oars manned by his own slaves and surpassed even Cleisthenes himself in luxury. Athenaeus makes the claim that his entourage consisted of a thousand slaves, fishermen, bird-catchers and cooks. However, his information must be false because he claims to cite Herodotus, who does not mention such a number. Claudius Aelianus even alleges that Smyndirides could not sleep on a bed of rose petals because it gave him blisters. Another Sybarite who is known by name is Alcimenes. A Pseudo-Aristotle mentions that it was said he dedicated a very expensive cloak as a votive offering at the temple of Lacinian Hera. Here Athenaeus distorts the information too: he treats the story as genuine rather than hearsay and attributes it to the real Aristotle.
Justin mentions an alliance of Sybaris with the other Achaean colonies Metapontum and Kroton against the Ionian colony Siris. This resulted in the conquest of Siris in the middle of the sixth century BC. In the second half of the sixth century BC Sybaris started minting its first coins, of which the oldest have been dated to approximately 530 BC. These coins employed the Achaean weight standard which was shared with the other Achaean colonies Kroton, Caulonia and Metapontum.
Ancient patent law
One of the first documented intellectual property laws similar to modern patent laws is thought to have been enacted in the 6th century BC in Sybaris, to protect culinary creations of chefs or bakers for a period of 1 year.
Subjugation by Kroton in 510/509 BC
Diodorus Siculus writes that the oligarchic government of the city was overthrown in 510/509 BC by a popular leader named Telys (Herodotus describes him as a tyrant). He persuaded the Sybarites to exile the 500 richest citizens and confiscate their wealth. The exiled citizens took refuge at the altars of Kroton. Telys demanded the Krotoniates return the exiles under threat of war. The Krotoniates were inclined to surrender the exiles to avoid war, but Pythagoras convinced them to protect the suppliants. As a consequence the Sybarites marched with 300,000 men upon the Krotoniates, whose army led by Milo numbered 100,000. The army sizes given by Diodorus (shared with Strabo) must have been even more exaggerated than the population size. Even though they were greatly outnumbered, the Krotoniates won the battle and took no prisoners, killing most of the Sybarites. After their victory they plundered and razed Sybaris. According to Strabo either two months or nine days elapsed between the battle and the sack. Most likely the Sybarites executed Telys and his supporters during this time.
Walter Burkert questions the veracity of the account given by Diodorus Siculus. It would have been illogical for Telys to banish his opponents first and then to demand their return. He argues that the elements of the story resemble fictional tragedies. The version of Herodotus is more brief and doesn't involve Pythagoras, but does claim that the Krotoniates received help from Dorieus. Strabo claims that the Krotoniates diverted the course of the river Crathis to submerge Sybaris.
The Crati transports coarse sand and pebbles in its channel. If Strabo's claim is true, that material would have been deposited as sediment above the city when the river submerged it. An analysis of core samples taken from the site did not find such river deposits directly above the former city. The burial of Sybaris more likely resulted from natural processes such as fluvial overbank alluviation.
Continued struggle with Kroton
After its destruction the surviving inhabitants took refuge at their colonies Laüs and Scidrus. It is assumed some also fled to Poseidonia, because in the early fifth century Poseidonia's coins adopted the Achaean weight standard and the bull seen on Sybarite coins. A. J. Graham thinks it was plausible that the number of refugees was large enough for some kind of synoecism to have occurred between the Poseidonians and the Sybarites, possibly in the form of a sympolity. Sybaris was not completely destroyed, as Diodorus and Strabo claimed, but became a dependent "ally" of Kroton. "Alliance" coins show the tripod symbol of Kroton on one side and the bull symbol of Sybaris on the other side. Literary evidence from Aristoxenus attests of Pythagoreans who apparently moved to Sybaris after its subjugation by Kroton.
Diodorus Siculus mentions that Kroton besieged Sybaris again in 476/475 BC. The Sybarites appealed to the tyrant Hiero I of Syracuse for help. Hiero put his brother Polyzelos in command of an army to relieve the Sybarites, expecting that he would be killed by the Krotoniates. Polyzelos suspected this, refused to lead the campaign and took refuge with the tyrant Theron of Acragas. Diodorus makes no further mention of Hiero's plan to relieve Sybaris, indicating that the Sybarites were defeated again. However, according to Timaeus and two scholia Polyzelos was successful in relieving the siege of Sybaris and fled to Acragas later when he was accused of plotting revolution.
Regardless of the results of the siege of 476 BC, it seems the Sybarites had to leave their city at some point between that year and 452/451 BC. Diodorus writes that the Sybarites refounded their city at its former site in 452/451 BC under the leadership of a Thessalian. It is thought that Poseidonia had a major share in this because the coins of the new city have a great resemblance to those of Poseidonia. Possibly a treaty of friendship between Sybaris, its allies and the Serdaioi (an unknown people) dates to this new foundation, because Poseidonia was the guarantor of this treaty. Ultimately the Sybarites were again driven off by the Krotoniates from their new city in 446/445 BC.
Final expulsion in 445 BC
What happened next is again uncertain. According to Diodorus the Sybarites requested Sparta and Athens to help them reoccupy their city. With the help of Athens and some other cities in the Peloponnese they founded the city of Thurii not far from the site of Sybaris. Soon a conflict arose between the Sybarites and the other colonists of Thurii over the privileges the Sybarites enjoyed. Practically all of the Sybarites were killed by the other colonists, who were more numerous and powerful. Some of the Sybarites managed to flee and founded Sybaris on the Traeis shortly after 444 BC.
The request for help from the Sybarites must have been made after the conclusion of the Thirty Years' Peace in the early spring of 445 BC, for it would not have made sense to ask for help while Sparta and Athens were still at war with each other. While Diodorus identifies only one expedition for the foundation of Thurii, Strabo writes that the Athenian and other Greek colonists first lived in Sybaris and only founded Thurii after the expulsion of the Sybarites. Modern scholarship corroborates Strabo's account and identifies two expeditions. In 446/445 BC Athens sent its expedition to reinforce the existing population of Sybaris. In the summer of 445 BC the collision between the two groups led to the downfall of the Sybarites. In 444/443 BC the Athenians and other new colonists then turned the city into a new foundation called Thurii. The city received a new democratic constitution which made provisions for ten tribes, but which did not include the Sybarites.
Legacy
Unlike Herodotus, Diodorus and earlier ancient Greek writers, later authors from the Roman period denounced the Sybarites. Aelianus, Strabo and especially Athenaeus saw the destruction of Sybaris as divine vengeance upon the Sybarites for their pride, arrogance, and excessive luxury. Athenaeus is the richest source for anecdotes about the Sybarites. According to him they invented the chamber pot and pioneered the concept of intellectual property to ensure that cooks could exclusively profit from their signature dishes for a whole year. They always traveled in chariots, but would still take three days for a journey of one day. The roads to villas in the countryside were roofed over and canals transported wine from vineyards to cellars near the sea. A fragment of the comedian Metagenes he quotes has a Sybarite boasting about literal rivers of food flowing through the city.
Not only does Athenaeus provide a great deal of examples to show the decadence of Sybarites, he also argues that their excessive luxury and sins led to their doom. According to Athenaeus ambassadors of the Sybarites (one of whom was named Amyris) consulted the oracle of Delphi, who prophesied that war and internal conflict awaited them if they would honor man more than the gods. Later he cites Phylarchus, who would have written that the Sybarites invoked the anger of Hera when they murdered thirty ambassadors from Kroton and left them unburied. He also cites Herakleides as attributing the divine wrath to the murder of supporters of Telys on the altars of the gods. Herakleides supposedly mentioned that the Sybarites attempted to supplant the Olympic Games by attracting the athletes to their own public games with greater prizes. The most direct link between luxury and corruption is evident in Athenaeus' anecdote about the defeat of the Sybarites: to amuse themselves the Sybarite cavalrymen trained their horses to dance to flute music. When the Krotoniate army had their flute players make music the horses of the Sybarites ran over to the Krotoniates along with their riders. Strabo gives the "luxury and insolence" of the Sybarites as the reason for their defeat. Claudius Aelianus attributes the fall of Sybaris to its luxury and the murder of a lutenist at the altar of Hera.
Vanessa Gorman gives no credence to these accounts because grave sins followed by divine retribution were stock elements of fictions at the time. Furthermore, she and Robert Gorman point to Athenaeus as the origin of the embellished accounts rather than the historians he cited. He altered details of the original accounts, disguised his own contributions as those of past historians and invented new information to fit his argument that luxury leads to catastrophe. This concept was called tryphé and was a popular belief in his time, at the turn of the 2nd century AD. Peter Green likewise argues that these accounts are most likely the inventions of moralists. He points out the vast natural wealth of the city was the more likely reason it was attacked by Kroton.
This association of Sybaris with excessive luxury transferred to the English language, in which the words "sybarite" and "sybaritic" have become bywords for opulent luxury and outrageous pleasure seeking. One story, mentioned in Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language, alludes to Aelianus' anecdote about Smindyrides. It mentions a Sybarite sleeping on a bed of rose petals, but unable to get to sleep because one of the petals was folded over.
Archaeology
The earliest archaeological exploration in the last quarter of the 19th century failed to find the location of Sybaris. Finding the location was difficult because the site had been buried over time by more than four meters of alluvial sediment from the Crati delta. The location of the city was found only after a massive core drilling project had been undertaken from the early to mid-1960s. The archaeological site is located about 2.5 kilometers west of the present Gulf of Taranto coastline. The excavations were difficult because the human structures lay below groundwater level. It was found that the later cities of Thurii and Copia were built partially above Sybaris. An archaeological museum was built near the site.
Sources
Primary sources
Secondary sources | 86206db3-95d2-4eb5-b28d-7e22f4ff99e8 |
null | Ecuadorian writer
Blanca Martínez Mera (October 5, 1897 – June 20, 1976) was an Ecuadorian writer and teacher. With the publication of her book En la paz del campo in 1940, she became the first woman to publish a novel in Ecuador.
Biography
Blanca Martínez Mera was born in 1897 in Ambato, in Ecuador's Tungurahua province. Her parents were Rosario Mera Iturralde and Luis A. Martínez, also a well-known writer. She spent her childhood on the family hacienda known as Quinta de Atocha, but she was orphaned by age 12. She completed her secondary studies at the Colegio de la Providencia. In 1921, she married Florencio Tinajero Albornoz, with whom she would go on to have two daughters. She was sometimes known as Blanca Martínez de Tinajero.
Early in her career, she served as president of the Red Cross of Ambato. She also taught high school at Colegio Bolívar, later becoming the rector of the Instituto Manuela Cañizares in Quito. During her time as an educator she met the politician José María Velasco Ibarra, who, on becoming president of Ecuador, named her vice consul in Boston. He later named her director of education for her home province of Tungurahua.
In 1940, Martínez Mera published the costumbrista novel En la paz del campo, the first novel published by an Ecuadorian woman. She went on to publish two more novels: Purificación (1942) and Luz en la noche (1950).
Later in life she became the director of the Casa de Montalvo, a museum and cultural center in Ambato, whose eponymous magazine she edited for many years.
Martínez Mera died in Ambato in 1976. She is buried in the Nuestra Señora de La Merced Municipal Cemetery. A school in her hometown bears her name in honor of her memory.
Selected works | 87fc0645-5a0b-4926-a560-30201d762221 |
null | 2018 single by Micah Tyler
"Even Then" is a song by American Christian musician artist Micah Tyler. The song was released as the third single from his 2017 album Different on June 1, 2018. The song peaked at No. 6 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart, becoming his third top 10 single from that chart. It lasted 34 weeks on the overall chart. The song is played in a F# minor key, and 75 beats per minute.
Track listing
CD release
Charts | a64df5fe-bef9-4c75-83bc-015b3add0f77 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rootkit_Arsenal"} | The Rootkit Arsenal: Escape and Evasion in the Dark Corners of the System is a book written by Bill Blunden, published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers in May 2009. The book takes the reader in depth about rootkit technology and uses. It covers topics such as IA-32 assembly, the Windows system architecture, kernel debugging, advanced rootkit development, and much more concerning rootkit technology and how it can be applied onto e.g. white hat hacking. The book also provides many source code examples on rootkit development and how to properly use it. It is required and recommended to have a fair understanding of computer programming and operating systems in order to fully comprehend the contents of the book, as the back cover states it is an advanced book on its topic.
Content
The book is divided into four parts, and each of the 14 chapters goes into detail about specific technology and information required in advanced rootkit development and use. It also provides information about network and file system analysises, kernel objects, drivers, and much more related to rootkit technology. The reader can create a fully working rootkit by using the source codes in the appendix. The product description states that the book sheds light on material that has traditionally been poorly documented, partially documented, or intentionally undocumented.[non-primary source needed]
Reviews
The book has received mostly positive reviews from websites specializing in computer reviews.
Computing Reviews writes about this book "This book addresses a controversial and timely issue in the field of network security. Rootkits are notoriously used by the black hat hacking community. A rootkit allows an attacker to subvert a compromised system. This subversion can take place at the application level, as is the case for the early rootkits that replaced a set of common administrative tools, but can be more dangerous when it occurs at the kernel level. A rootkit hides the network traffic, processes, and files that an attacker decides to keep invisible to administrators and system management tools… If you work on defensive solutions—anti-virus and malware detection tools—or are interested in low-level system programming, you must read this book. In fact, for the intended audience, this is one of the best books of 2009."
Richard Austin of the IEEE's Computer Society's Technical Committee on Security and Privacy also published a review of the book's second edition in 2014. | 7b1e5790-3fcc-4edf-85c9-3d7f4de5a2bc |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_On_(Tucker_Beathard_song)"} | 2016 single by Tucker Beathard
"Rock On" is the debut single by American country music artist Tucker Beathard. It was released in March 2016 as the first single from Beathard's debut EP Fight Like Hell. Beathard wrote the song with his father, Casey Beathard, and Marla Cannon-Goodman. It was included on his extended play, Fight Like Hell, released on October 7.
Critical reception
An uncredited Taste of Country review of the song was positive, saying that "Every note and guitar lick of this scorned country rocker feels genuine and sincere. There’s little doubt he has a face in mind as he sings about the girl that got away, and then changes to the point that he doesn’t want her back anymore anyway."
Commercial performance
The song has sold 216,000 copies in the United States as of October 2016.
Music video
The music video was directed by Good One, a collaboration between brothers Ry and Drew Cox, and premiered in May 2016.
Chart performance | 985e3f64-4bbb-46ad-a778-90c86cdf247f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York%27s_133rd_State_Assembly_district"} | American legislative district
New York's 133rd State Assembly district is one of the 150 districts in the New York State Assembly. It has been represented by Marjorie Byrnes since 2019, defeating Joseph Errigo in the 2018 Republican primary.
Geography
District 133 contains portions of Monroe and Steuben counties and all of Livingston County.
Recent election results
2022
2020
2018
2016
Then-incumbent Bill Nojay died one week before the Republican primary, which he posthumously won. The Republican chairmen for the district's overlying counties selected Joseph Errigo to replace him on the general election ballot.
2014
2012 | f350e9a9-135b-4ede-a990-04ff3b0d2bd2 |
null | 1934 film
Music Hall is a 1934 British musical drama film directed by John Baxter and starring George Carney, Ben Field and Mark Daly. It was made at Twickenham Studios as a quota quickie.
The film's sets were designed by James A. Carter.
Cast
Bibliography | 86469e50-2a9e-4828-b553-cc8f229697dd |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Rhule"} | Rugby player
Raymond Kofi Rhule is a Ghanaian-born South African rugby union player for La Rochelle in the French Top 14.
Rugby playing career
Rhule played in the Springbok U20 side that won the 2012 Junior World Cup, scoring 3 tries. His senior international rugby career started as a call-up for the Springbok squad for the 2012 end-of-year tour to England though he did not play before his first official test call up on 10 June 2017 against the French national team, which was played at Loftus Versfeld Pretoria. He scored his first test try on 19 August 2017 in Port Elizabeth in the Rugby Championship test match between South Africa and Argentina.
He played for the Cheetahs, scoring tries. However concerns were raised about his defence. He moved to the Stormers in 2018, but only played 15 times.
He then joined French Top 14 team Grenoble after the 2018 Super Rugby season, and then to La Rochelle, where his play fitted coach Ronan O'Gara's style of keeping the ball alive.
Honours
Club
La Rochelle | cd6843de-de3a-4bd5-91bd-891b1d07d867 |
null | Non-profit organization in the US
The Negev Foundation is a Cleveland, Ohio, based non-profit, tax-exempt organization that promotes the agricultural development and economic sustainability of the Negev Desert in Israel.
The Foundation
The Negev Foundation promotes agricultural innovations that allow farmers to utilize the desert's arid lands and brackish water as tools to successfully cultivate a wide range of crops. In 2008, the organization was recognized by Charity Navigator for its fourth consecutive year of having a four star C.N. efficiency rating.
Notable projects
The Ohio-Israel Agriculture Initiative of the Negev Foundation
Since 2002, The Negev Foundation has overseen the Ohio-Israel Agriculture Initiative. This initiative has coordinated and developed projects engaging both the Ohio and Israel agricultural industries in the areas of trade, exhibition, research and development projects. For example, students from Hocking College in Nelsonville, Ohio received funded internships from the initiative to gain work experience at fish farms in Israel. The Initiative has also funded research projects including one where Israeli cattle were inseminated by bull semen from Ohio to evaluate breed quality and innovative artificial insemination processes.
The Ramat Negev AgroResearch Center and George V. and Janet Voinovich Business Center
In a long-term effort to conquer the challenges of achieving sustainability in the desert, The Negev Foundation secured funding for permanent research facilities and a unique, regional business center. The foundation inaugurated the 13,000-square-foot (1,200 m2) combined research and business center in December 2007. The George V. and Janet Voinovich Business Center is named for the U.S. senator and his wife as a tribute to their work and friendship with Israel. The Foundation also supports the Ramat Negev AgroResearch Center where researchers seek to develop innovations to improve desert agricultural tools and techniques. | 4b3b4409-8517-445e-802f-4252eb0a6f5c |
null | United States historic place
The San Felipe (also known as El Lerri, El Terri, or Tyrri) is a historic shipwreck near Islamorada, Florida, United States. It is located east of Lower Matecumbe Key and south of the wreck of the San Pedro. On August 11, 1994, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. | fe1a7265-b2fd-4c36-935f-b893108d52a8 |
null | Body of water
Zapadnoye Lake (70°44′S 11°28′E / 70.733°S 11.467°E / -70.733; 11.467) is a lake about 0.5 miles (0.8 km) long situated near the western end of the Schirmacher Hills, Queen Maud Land. Mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1961 and named Ozero Zapadnoye (western lake). | b0370eae-bc95-4ae7-9448-f4e766008310 |
null | Missile system used by the Houthis
The al-Najm al-Thaqib (Arabic:النجم الثاقب, "piercing star") is a Yemeni missile system developed by the Houthis and revealed on 26 May 2015. The Houthis claimed that these missiles could violate the blockade imposed by UN resolution 2216 imposed by the Arab Coalition. American reports suggest that this missile was designed to attack nearby targets like Jizan without expending their diminishing stock of longer range missiles. It is somewhat similar to Iranian Oghab missiles, however it lacks fins. All civil airports in Jizan, Asir and Najran have been closed due to the risk of missile strikes since July 2015.
Characteristics
Al-Najm al-Thaqib 1
Al-Najm al-Thaqib 1 has a range of 45 km and a warhead of 50 kg explosive.
Al-Najm al-Thaqib 2
Al-Najm al-Thaqib 2 has a range of 75 km and a warhead of 75 kg explosive. | f69109d9-a80e-462b-a06b-d5e9356d9df5 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorer_(cricket)"} | In cricket, a scorer is someone appointed to record all runs scored, all wickets taken and, where appropriate, the number of overs bowled. In professional games, in compliance with Law 3 of the Laws of Cricket, two scorers are appointed, most often one provided by each team.
The scorers have no say in whether runs are scored, wickets taken or overs bowled. This is the job of the umpires on the field of play, who signal to the scorers in cases of ambiguity such as when runs are to be given as extras rather than credited to the batsmen, or when the batsman is to be awarded a boundary 4 or 6. So that the umpire knows that they have seen each signal, the scorers are required to immediately acknowledge it.
While it is possible to keep score using a pencil and plain paper, scorers often use pre-printed scoring books, and these are commercially available in many different styles. Simple score books allow the recording of each batsman's runs, their scores and mode of dismissal, the bowlers' analyses, the team score and the score at the fall of each wicket. More sophisticated score books allow for the recording of more detail, and other statistics such as the number of balls faced by each batsman. Scorers also sometimes produce their own scoring sheets to suit their techniques, and some use coloured pens to highlight events such as wickets, or differentiate the actions of different batsmen or bowlers. It is often possible to tell from a modern scorecard the time at which everything occurred, who bowled each delivery, which batsman faced it, whether the batsman left the ball or played and missed, or which direction the batsman hit the ball and whether runs were scored. Sometimes details of occurrences between deliveries, or incidental details like the weather, are recorded.
In early times runs scored were sometimes simply recorded by carving notches on a stick – this root of the use of the slang term "notches" for "runs". In contrast, scoring in the modern game has become a specialism, particularly for international and national cricket competitions. While the scorers' role is clearly defined under the Laws of Cricket to be merely the recording of runs, wickets and overs, and the constant checking of the accuracy of their records with each other and with the umpires, in practice a modern scorer's role is complicated by other requirements. For instance, cricket authorities often require information about matters such as the rate at which teams bowled their overs. The media also ask to be notified of records, statistics and averages. For many important matches, unofficial scorers keep tally for the broadcast commentators and newspaper journalists allowing the official scorers to concentrate undisturbed. In the English county game, the scorers also keep score on a computer that updates a central server, to meet the demands of the online press that scores should be as up-to-date as possible.
The official scorers occasionally make mistakes, but unlike umpires' mistakes these may be corrected after the event.
Some cricket statisticians who keep score unofficially for the printed and broadcast media have become quite famous, for instance Bill Frindall, who scored for the BBC radio commentary team from 1966 to 2008, and Jo King.
The ECB's Association of Cricket Officials provides training for scorers.
Methods of scoring
There are predominantly two methods that scorers use to record a game: manually and computerised.
The manual method uses a scorecard and a pen. The scorecard is colloquially known as The Book. Using the book, the scorer fills out two main sections per ball, the bowling analysis and the batting analysis. Each section helps track the number of balls bowled in an over, any extras (such as Wide Balls and No Balls) and also any wickets (or dismissals). At the end of each over, the scorer may fill in an over analysis with the score at the end of the over, the number of wickets that have fallen, any penalties incurred and the number of the bowler in the analysis.
Most software used for cricket scoring uses a form at the front end with buttons for the scorer to press to record ball by ball events. Additional functions include being able to draw a line denoting where the ball went from the batting crease and where the ball pitched. This gives additional charts tracking bowling placement and shot selection which can then be used at the coaching level. This additional information, however, does not form part of the critical role of a scorer, which is to keep track of the score of the game. It has been known for scorers to use both methods in conjunction with one another, in case the computer goes down or runs out of battery.
In addition to PC software, mobile apps are being used. Most of the amateur tournaments use mobile apps on their smartphones because they are more convenient and free, which makes it perfect fit for amateur cricketers since they cannot afford to spend money on standalone and custom software. Mobile apps allow amateur cricketers to keep their scores online, and also provide them with personalised statistics and graphs on their own mobile devices.
The ECB make free software available for cricket scoring both on PC and mobile devices from the PlayCricket website.
Detailed scoring
Cricket scorers keep track of many other facts of the game. As a minimum a scorer would note:
Traditionally, the score book might record each ball bowled by a bowler and each ball faced by a batsman, but not necessarily which batsman faced which ball. Linear scoring systems were developed from the late 19th century and early 20th century by John Atkinson Pendlington, Bill Ferguson and Bill Frindall, to keep track of the balls faced by a batsman off each bowler. Another early method of recording the number of balls faced and runs scored by each batsman off each bowler was devised by Australian scorer J.G. Jackschon in the 1890s, using a separate memorandum alongside the main scoresheet.
Frequently more detail is recorded, for instance, for a batsman, the number of balls faced and the number of minutes batted. Sometimes charts (known as wagon wheels) are prepared showing to which part of the field each scoring shot by a batsman was made (revealing the batman's favourite places to hit the ball)
Technology such as Hawk-Eye allows for more detailed analysis of a bowler's performance. For instance the beehive chart shows where a bowler's balls arrived at a batsman (high, low, wide, on the off stump etc.), while the pitch map shows where the balls pitched (trending toward short, good, or full lengths). Both charts can also show the results of these balls (dots, runs, boundaries, or wickets)
Scoring notation
A cricket scorer will typically mark the score sheet with a dot for a legal delivery with no wicket taken or runs scored (hence the term "a dot ball") where conventional runs are taken the score sheet is marked with the number of runs taken on that delivery.
Special notation is used in the case of extras.
Wides
The conventional scoring notation for a wide is an equal cross (likened to the umpire standing with arms outstretched signalling a wide).
If the batsmen run byes on a wide ball or the ball runs to the boundary for 4, a dot is added in each corner for each bye that is run, typically top left, then top right, then bottom left and finally all 4 corners.
If the batsman hits the stumps with his bat, or the wicket-keeper stumps him, the batsman would be out and a ‘W’ is added to the WIDE ‘cross’ symbol.
If a batsman is run out while taking byes on a wide delivery then the number of completed runs are shown as dots and an 'R' is added in the corner for the incomplete run.
No-balls
The conventional notation for a no-ball is a circle. If the batsman hits the ball and takes runs, then the runs are marked inside the circle. In practice it is easier to write down the number then encircle it.
If a no-ball delivery eludes the wicket keeper and the batsmen run byes or the ball runs to the boundary for 4 byes, each bye taken is marked with a dot inside the circle. Again it is easier to encircle the dots. These additional runs are debited as no-balls against the bowler, not 'fielding' extras (fielding extras being byes or leg byes).
Byes
The conventional notation for a single bye is a triangle with a horizontal edge at the base and a point at the top. If more than one bye is taken the number scored is written within the triangle - in practice it is easier to write the number down and then draw the triangle around it.
Leg byes
The conventional notation for a single leg bye is a triangle with a point at the base and horizontal edge at the top (an inverted bye symbol). If more than one leg bye is taken the number scored is written within the triangle - in practice it is easier to write the number down and then draw the triangle around it.
Match scores
Other than the information kept on a detailed scorecard, there are specific conventions for how the in-progress and overall result of a match is summarised and stated.
While an innings is in progress, the innings score comprises the number of runs scored by the batting team and the number of wickets taken by the bowling team. For example, a team that has scored 100 runs and lost three wickets is said to have a score of "one hundred for three", which is written 100–3 or 100/3. The exception is in Australia, where the order of the two numbers is switched: a spoken score of "three for one hundred" and written score of 3–100 or 3/100. Runs decide the winning and losing teams (or a draw) whereas wickets can only, if all wickets are taken, decide the match is over.
When an innings is complete:
In a completed two-innings match, each team's innings scores are always written and spoken separately – the sum of the two innings scores is never written or spoken, despite the fact that it is the determining factor in who wins the match. If the match has a winner, then the winning team's score is listed first; if not, then the team which batted first is listed first. If a team has followed on in its second innings, this is indicated by appending (f/o) to its score. In this way, a finished cricket score gives enough information to describe each innings and the sequence in which they were played. The score is then usually accompanied by a statement of the result and (if applicable) margin of victory. The margin of victory can be described in four ways:
Some examples of full statements of scores in two-innings matches include:
The statement of score and results is similar in a limited overs match, except that for a victory by wickets, it is also conventional to append the number of balls remaining in the team's innings – since the number of overs is often a greater constraint than remaining wickets. If the overs or targets are amended by a rain rule (typically the Duckworth-Lewis method), this is always noted in the statement of result – which is important since the official margin of a victory by runs under a rain rule may not equal the difference between the teams' actual scores. As for a two-innings match, if a tied match is decided by a tie-breaker, the score will still reflect the primary result as a tie and the tie-breaker as an appendix to the result; this is even in the case of a Super Over, the runs from which are not added to the main innings score. Examples of full statements of results from limited overs matches include:
In the statement of results for a match without a winner, there are four distinct terms which may be used: draw, tie, no result and abandoned. A tie is a match in which the game is completed and the two teams finish with the same number of runs. A draw is a two-innings match which does not reach a conclusion within its allotted time. No result is the outcome of a limited overs match which does not reach a conclusion, usually because rain prevents both teams from facing the prescribed minimum number of overs. An abandoned match is in which a ball is never bowled.
Bibliography | c090e4dc-cf9c-4a63-8b84-d892309bcde0 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_at_the_UEFA_European_Championship"} | The UEFA European Championship is one of the major competitive international football tournaments, first played in 1960, whose finals stage has been held every four years. The Croatia national football team has contested this tournament since 1996, having been part of Yugoslavia up until the qualifying stages for the 1992 edition. Croatia has qualified for every Euro competition except for the 2000 edition, played in Belgium and the Netherlands. The team's best performances have been reaching the quarter-finals twice — in 1996 and 2008, losing to Germany and Turkey, respectively.
Overall record
*Draws include knockout matches decided via penalty shoot-out.
UEFA Euro 1996
Qualifying
Source: UEFA
Notes:
Group stage
Ladić
Jerkan
Bilić
Štimac
Stanić
Jarni
Prosinečki
Boban (c)
Asanović
Vlaović
Šuker
Croatia's 3-5-2 lineup in the Euro 1996
Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
19:30
City Ground, Nottingham
Attendance: 22,460
Referee: Serge Muhmenthaler (Switzerland)
18:00
Hillsborough, Sheffield
Attendance: 33,671
Referee: Marc Batta (France)
16:30
City Ground, Nottingham
Attendance: 20,484
Referee: Bernd Heynemann (Germany)
Knockout stage
Quarter-finals
15:00
Old Trafford, Manchester
Attendance: 43,412
Referee: Leif Sundell (Sweden)
UEFA Euro 2000
Qualifying
Source: UEFA
UEFA Euro 2004
Qualifying
Source: UEFA
Notes:
Play-offs
17:30 UTC+1
Maksimir Stadion, Zagreb
Attendance: 34,657
Referee: Markus Merk (Germany)
17:30 UTC+1
Bežigrad Stadium, Ljubljana
Attendance: 8,500
Referee: Urs Meier (Switzerland)
Croatia won 2–1 on aggregate and qualified for UEFA Euro 2004.
Group stage
Butina
R.Kovač
Šimunić
Šimić
Živković (c)
Tudor
N.Kovač
Roso
Rapaić
Šokota
Pršo
Croatia's 4-4-2 lineup in the Euro 2004
Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
17:00
Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, Leiria
Attendance: 24,090
Referee: Lucílio Batista (Portugal)
19:45
Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, Leiria
Attendance: 29,160
Referee: Kim Milton Nielsen (Denmark)
19:45
Estádio da Luz, Lisbon
Attendance: 57,047
Referee: Pierluigi Collina (Italy)
UEFA Euro 2008
Qualifying
In the qualifiers, Croatia was drawn into Group E of Euro 2008's qualifications, along with Andorra, England, Estonia, Macedonia, Israel and Russia.
Over the course of qualifying, Croatia racked up nine wins, two draws, and one loss. Croatia's loss was a 2–0 defeat at Skopje, Macedonia. Croatia and Romania became the final teams to record their first loss, both on the 17 November 2007 matchday, in a qualification cycle where every team suffered at least one defeat. Croatia gathered numerous headlines after knocking England out on the final matchday, with a 3–2 victory at Wembley Stadium.
Croatian striker Eduardo was the second-highest goalscorer in qualifications with ten goals, trailing Northern Ireland's David Healy.
Source: UEFA
Notes:
Group stage
Pletikosa
R.Kovač
Šimunić
Ćorluka
Pranjić
N.Kovač (c)
Modrić
Srna
Rakitić
Kranjčar
Olić
Croatia's 4-4-2 lineup in the Euro 2008
Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
(H) Host
Notes:
18:00
Ernst-Happel-Stadion, Vienna
Attendance: 51,428
Referee: Pieter Vink (Netherlands)
18:00
Wörthersee Stadion, Klagenfurt
Attendance: 30,461
Referee: Frank De Bleeckere (Belgium)
20:45
Wörthersee Stadion, Klagenfurt
Attendance: 30,461
Referee: Kyros Vassaras (Greece)
Knockout phase
Quarter-finals
20:45
Ernst-Happel-Stadion, Vienna
Attendance: 51,428
Referee: Roberto Rosetti (Italy)
UEFA Euro 2012
Qualifying
Source: UEFA
Play-offs
21:05 UTC+2
Türk Telekom Arena, Istanbul
Attendance: 42,863
Referee: Felix Brych (Germany)
20:05 UTC+1
Maksimir Stadium, Zagreb
Attendance: 26,371
Referee: Pedro Proença (Portugal)
Croatia won 3–0 on aggregate and qualified for UEFA Euro 2012.
Group stage
Pletikosa
Ćorluka
Schildenfeld
Srna (c)
Strinić
Vukojević
Modrić
Rakitić
Perišić
Jelavić
Mandžukić
Croatia's 4-4-2 lineup in the Euro 2012
Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
20:45 CEST
Stadion Miejski, Poznań
Attendance: 39,550
Referee: Björn Kuipers (Netherlands)
18:00 CEST
Stadion Miejski, Poznań
Attendance: 37,096
Referee: Howard Webb (England)
20:45 CEST
PGE Arena, Gdańsk
Attendance: 39,076
Referee: Wolfgang Stark (Germany)
UEFA Euro 2016
Qualifying
Source: UEFA
Notes:
Group stage
Subašić
Ćorluka
Vida
Srna (c)
Strinić
Badelj
Modrić
Brozović
Perišić
Rakitić
Mandžukić
Croatia's 4-2-3-1 lineup in the Euro 2016
Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
15:00
Parc des Princes, Paris
Attendance: 43,842
Referee: Jonas Eriksson (Sweden)
18:00
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne
Attendance: 38,376
Referee: Mark Clattenburg (England)
21:00
Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux, Bordeaux
Attendance: 37,245
Referee: Björn Kuipers (Netherlands)
Knockout phase
Round of 16
21:00
Stade Bollaert-Delelis, Lens
Attendance: 33,523
Referee: Carlos Velasco Carballo (Spain)
UEFA Euro 2020
Qualifying
Source: UEFA
Group stage
Livaković
Vida
Lovren
Juranović
Gvardiol
Brozović
Kovačić
Vlašić
Perišić
Modrić (c)
Petković
Croatia's 4-2-3-1 lineup in the Euro 2020
Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
(H) Host
Notes:
15:00 (14:00 UTC+1)
Wembley Stadium, London
Attendance: 18,497
Referee: Daniele Orsato (Italy)
18:00 (17:00 UTC+1)
Hampden Park, Glasgow
Attendance: 5,607
Referee: Carlos del Cerro Grande (Spain)
21:00 (20:00 UTC+1)
Hampden Park, Glasgow
Attendance: 9,896
Referee: Fernando Rapallini (Argentina)
Knockout phase
Round of 16
18:00
Parken Stadium, Copenhagen
Attendance: 22,771
Referee: Cüneyt Çakır (Turkey)
List of matches
Players with most appearances
Goalscorers
Awards | f4022339-7cbf-444e-ac72-25e4f32be510 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EN1-ST01"} | EN1-ST01 is a first class national road on the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It runs from the capital Praia in the south to Tarrafal in the north, through the mountainous interior of the island. It is 61 km long.
The main intersections are: | cb0769bc-0d27-4609-99b2-66d537fa5644 |
null | Extinct baronetcy in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
The Verdin Baronetcy, of the Brocklehurst in the Parish of Davenham and of Wimboldsley in the Parish of Middlewich, both in the County Palatine of Chester, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 24 July 1896 for Sir Joseph Verdin. In 1895, he donated money to set up the Verdin Technical Schools in Winsford (later closed and developed into the present The Winsford Academy) and Northwich, Cheshire. The title became extinct on his death in 1920.
Verdin baronets, of the Brocklehurst and Wimboldsley (1896) | a7565851-f44a-42c3-a7a2-225994cbddbb |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Highway_566"} | China National Highway 566 runs from Xiji in Ningxia to Tianshui in Gansu. At Xiji, it connects to G309 and at Tianshui to G310. Most of the route consists of upgraded sections of Ningxia provincial highway S202 and Gansu provincial highways S305 and S218. It is one of the new trunk highways proposed in the China National Highway Network Planning (2013 - 2030).
Route table | 5966478a-5482-492f-a766-a3ce77a7f1ee |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheldon,_South_Carolina"} | Coordinates: 32°36′07″N 80°47′35″W / 32.602°N 80.793°W / 32.602; -80.793
Census-designated place in South Carolina, United States
Sheldon is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 579.
A rural area in character, Sheldon was primarily a common gathering area for various plantation owners and slaves prior to the Civil War. It is renowned for the Old Sheldon Church Ruins. Several hunt clubs and gated communities are located in the area.
The Pocosobo Town was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
Geography
It is located at latitude 32.602 and longitude –80.793. Sheldon is located approximately halfway between Beaufort and Yemassee and just east of Interstate 95 in the heart of the Lowcountry region. U.S. Routes 17 and 21 run through the center of the community in a wrong-way concurrency.
Demographics
2020 census
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race. | d1593acc-486a-43bd-902a-c08b45625c11 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksandr_Horyainov"} | Ukrainian footballer and manager
Oleksandr Serhiyovich Horyainov (Ukrainian: Олександр Сергійович Горяїнов; born 29 June 1975 in Kharkiv) is a retired Ukrainian professional football goalkeeper and manager. His hobbies are reading and fishing.
In 1996 he debuted for the Ukraine youth team. However it was not until 2010 when Horyainov finally debuted for the senior team. That day he became the oldest debutant for the senior team, surpassing the record set by Oleksandr Horshkov.
Career statistics | 48252bc9-7e0a-470e-a5a7-aa5cad6c5c77 |
null | Mebroot is a master boot record based rootkit used by botnets including Torpig. It is a sophisticated Trojan horse that uses stealth techniques to hide itself from the user. The Trojan opens a back door on the victim's computer which allows the attacker complete control over the computer.
Payload
The Trojan infects the MBR to allow itself to start even before the operating system starts. This allows it to bypass some safeguards and embed itself deep within the operating system. It is known that the Trojan can intercept read/write operations, embed itself deep within network drivers. This allows it the ability to bypass some firewalls and communicate securely, using a custom encrypted tunnel, to the command and control server. This allows the attacker to install other malware, viruses, or other applications. The Trojan most commonly steals information from the victim's computer, in an attempt for small financial gain. Mebroot is linked to Anserin, which is another Trojan that logs keystrokes and steals banking information. This gives further evidence showing that financial motive is most likely behind Mebroot.
Detection/removal
The Trojan tries to avoid detection by hooking itself into atapi.sys. It also embeds itself in the Ntoskrnl.exe. Mebroot has no executable files, no registry keys, and no driver modules, which makes it harder to detect without antivirus software. In addition to running antivirus software, one can also remove the Trojan by wiping or repairing the master boot record, the hard drive, and the operating system.
Distribution
Three variants of Mebroot have been discovered. It was estimated that the first version was compiled in November 2007. In December, Mebroot started drive-by downloads. In early 2008, a second wave of attacks arrived. In February 2008 a second variant was discovered which is accompanied by a modified installer. In March 2008 a third variant was discovered, in which attacks became more widespread. Since the third variant, the Trojan has been upgraded to try and outwit antivirus software. It is unknown if Mebroot is still in the wild. Mebroot is currently known[when?] to be distributed by visiting malicious websites, or by way of an application exploit. It is estimated that over 1,500 websites have been compromised, mostly in the European region. Traffic to websites infected with Mebroot can reach 50,000 to 100,000 views per day. | 7f08c46a-304f-4127-a313-e67460f08140 |
null | British taekwondo practitioner
Steve Joseph Jennings, born 17 January 1981 Xenia, Ohio, U.S. (Steven Joseph Ericson) And Volunteer Christmas Eve. Witt. 1991s New Star Charles.
Early career
Having trained in the art of taekwondo for several years, he gained the rank of a black belt. Originally from Liverpool, Jennings competed for his local club, Liverpool Elite, before trialling and being selected for the Great Britain National Team. He participated in the Sydney Olympics in 2000.
International career
He fought in the 2000 Sydney Olympics amongst other international events before recent retirement. He became an Elite team member. Prior to representing taekwondo internationally he trained and competed locally until his Elite Team selection. Soon after he decided to retire from competitive participation in taekwondo and began a coaching career.
Coaching
He is now a coach at both, club and national level. He began coaching at the age of 18, after having joined Elite Taekwondo, located in Liverpool. Due to the team's success Steve Jennings began coaching the National team along with Martin Stamper and Sarah Stevenson in 2007. After making his contribution as a competitor of Taekwondo, Steve Jennings also attended Quest Penistone providing the British Squad a rare opportunity.
Style
Steve Jennings practiced the WTF (World Taekwondo Federation) style, a more traditional style of Taekwondo. In WTF style during sparring matches, a Hogu is worn as a form of protection, also indicating a scoring area for competitors. While sparring with this Hogu along with a helmet, hand, and foot protection, allows individuals to spar to their full capacity. | 712488ba-6306-4204-addb-e529ea653bb5 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge_26"} | United States historic place
The New Haven-Weybridge Rattling Bridge is a historic bridge spanning Otter Creek between the Vermont towns of Weybridge and New Haven. It connects Town Highway 7 (Pearson Road) in New Haven with Town Highway 11 (Morgan Horse Farm Road) in Weybridge. Built in 1908 by the American Bridge Company, it is a well-preserved example of a rivet-connected lattice truss bridge. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Bridge 26 in 2006.
Description and history
The New Haven-Weybridge Rattling Bridge is located in southwestern New Haven and northeastern Weybridge, where the town border is defined by Otter Creek. It is oriented north-south, and crosses the river just east of the Huntington Falls dam. It is a single-span metal truss, in a style sometimes called a double-intersection Warren truss, but in a style more similar to that of a Whipple truss. It is 149 feet (45 m) long and has a roadway width of 16 feet (4.9 m) (one lane). Its end portals are 16 feet 6 inches (5.03 m) at the center, and have rounded corners. The structural elements of the trusses are joined by rivets. The bridge derives its name from loosely laid deck boards, which rattled when they were driven on.
The bridge was built in 1908 by the American Bridge Company, as part of a program begun in 1892 by the state to improve its transport infrastructure. The road which it carries was originally the Waltham Pike, opened in 1808, which was the first road to traverse the town of Weybridge. Construction of the bridge was principally funded by the town of Weybridge; it is now co-owned and maintained by the two towns. | 9b963bca-74f5-4a5c-b154-0f8b435f6501 |
null | Little Missouri may: | 853e61b4-f1d0-416d-9123-edb18e4c28f1 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Andalusian_motorcycle_Grand_Prix"} | The 2020 Andalusian motorcycle Grand Prix was the third round of the 2020 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season and the second round of the 2020 MotoGP World Championship. It was held at the Circuito de Jerez-Ángel Nieto in Jerez de la Frontera on 26 July 2020. The Grand Prix was introduced as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was Valentino Rossi's final MotoGP podium before he retired.
Background
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
The originally scheduled calendar for the 2020 championship was heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Several Grands Prix were cancelled or postponed after the aborted opening round in Qatar, prompting the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme to draft a new calendar. The start of the championship was delayed until 19 July, with the Circuito de Jerez-Ángel Nieto hosting the Spanish Grand Prix as the opening round of the championship.
Organisers of the race signed a contract with Dorna Sports, the sport's commercial rights holder, to host a second round at the circuit on 26 July (a week after the first race) to be known as the Andalusian Grand Prix. The race was named for Andalusia, the autonomous community of Spain that the Circuito de Jerez-Ángel Nieto is located in. The back-to-back Spanish races would mark the first time that a country hosts back-to-back races in the same season.
Race
MotoGP
Moto2
Moto3
MotoE
Championship standings after the race
Below are the standings for the top five riders, constructors, and teams after the round.
MotoGP
Moto2
Moto3
MotoE | 21a56260-20ea-4b6a-9f51-3c87aa5e574c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awake_(Dream_Theater_album)"} | 1994 studio album by Dream Theater
Awake is the third studio album by American progressive metal band Dream Theater, released on October 4, 1994, through East West Records. It is the final Dream Theater album to feature original keyboardist Kevin Moore, who announced his decision to leave the band during the mixing process of the album.
Much of the material for Awake was written in writing sessions between February and April 1994, during which Dream Theater were under pressure from their record label to produce an album as successful as Images and Words (1992) with a single similar to "Pull Me Under". The label wanted the band to produce a more metal-oriented album, hoping it would be easier to market. John Purdell and Duane Baron produced, engineered and mixed the album. The album's cover, designed by the band, features numerous references to the album's lyrics.
Released at the height of the popularity of grunge music, Awake initially received mixed reviews, though the album was later referred to as one of the band's finest releases. The album peaked at 32 on the US Billboard 200, the highest position a Dream Theater album would reach on that chart until 2007's Systematic Chaos, which peaked at 19. "Lie", "Caught in a Web" and "The Silent Man" were released as singles but failed to be as successful as "Pull Me Under" had been. The band's record label considered the album a commercial failure, which would lead to the band being pressured to write more radio-friendly songs on their subsequent studio album.
Background
After a month-long break, Dream Theater started working on their third studio album in February 1994. The band's two-month writing sessions were located at Prince Studios, New York City. The lack of a leader within the band increased tensions in what were already tense sessions. Keyboardist Kevin Moore noted at the time that "there are arguments that last forever because there's nobody to come in and draw the line". "When it came to the music, you had [guitarist] John Petrucci and I playing the roles we still kind of play, and Kevin was also a forceful element," drummer Mike Portnoy said. "In those days, [bassist] John Myung was a little bit more out of his shell, so the bass was a bit more predominant in the band. The fighting never came to blows, but there was a lot of bickering over every single element, like the fine details of what the third note on the sixty-fourth bar should be."
The success of Dream Theater's previous album, Images and Words, particularly the single "Pull Me Under", put pressure on the band to produce a similarly successful follow-up album. "Somebody once said that you have your whole life to prepare for your first album and have about two months to prepare the follow-up, and that was very much the situation we faced in early 1994," Portnoy noted. The popularity of alternative metal and groove metal meant that the band's record label, East West, were keen for the band to create a heavier, darker album. Awake featured Petrucci's use of a seven-string guitar for the first time, establishing a more riff-based writing style. "This style would further cement the fusion of metal and progressive music, which is what Dream Theater are known for," Petrucci said. "I think it paved the way for many of our strongest and heaviest later songs like 'A Change of Seasons', 'The Glass Prison' and 'The Dark Eternal Night'." Vocalist James LaBrie described his vocals on Awake as "more varied and a lot more aggressive" than on Images and Words to the extent that people may think the band had a new singer for the album.
Recording
The recording sessions for the album began in May 1994 at One On One Studios in North Hollywood, Los Angeles, with overdub work done at Devonshire Studios in Los Angeles. John Purdell and Duane Baron, whose credits included Ozzy Osbourne's No More Tears (1991), were hired to produce the album. The band, which had a difficult relationship with David Prater, who produced Images and Words, enjoyed working with Purdell and Baron. "I think everyone felt we were able to express ourselves a lot more genuinely," Petrucci said. "The experience from the road, learning more about our sound and what we like and don't like enabled us to be more prepared. The producers were totally into capturing that and being patient with us. So everybody walked away being completely satisfied with their performances and their sounds." Awake is the band's only studio album to date that was not recorded on the east coast of the United States.
Departure of Moore
Towards the end of the recording sessions, Kevin Moore announced to his bandmates that he was leaving the band. Petrucci, who was childhood friends with the keyboardist, found the news particularly hard to take. Myung noted that the announcement "didn't come out of the blue". LaBrie noticed changes in Moore at the end of the Images and Words tour. "He seemed to be more distant and wrapped up in himself... It wasn't that he was rude or unpleasant with anyone," he said. "But when Mike, John Petrucci and John Myung were in the rehearsal studio putting together the music for Awake, he wasn't there as he had been in the past. And when he was there, the guys told me he'd be sitting reading a magazine when they were trying to work out riffs." "After the record was recorded in Los Angeles, he returned to New York, sold his belongings, packed everything into his station wagon and said 'I'm moving away from Long Island,'" Dream Theater's co-manager Jim Pitulski recalled. "So I asked him where he was moving to, and he said, 'I'll let you know when I get there.' He really had no idea what he was doing and he just started driving across the country. I kind of admired that."
Moore stated that he decided to leave because his approach to writing music had changed. He had become more interested in writing and recording his own material. Myung said that Moore left the band out of "peace of mind and what he wanted to do musically that he couldn't do in the band". The band's business manager, Rob Shore, suggested that the idea of prolonged touring was a contributing factor in Moore's decision. Describing Moore as "a very private person", Portnoy thought that he might have left because "the whole machine of the music business just wasn't his cup of tea". When Moore announced his decision to leave, he was single, while LaBrie was married, Portnoy and Petrucci had girlfriends and Myung, according to Portnoy, "was kind of in his own world". Portnoy speculated that any resentment or jealousy Moore felt because of this may have influenced his decision. After leaving Dream Theater, Moore continued to release music, musically far-removed from his work with the band.
Mixing
Awake was mixed at Unique Studios, New York City. When mixing, Purdell and Baron were initially joined by the remaining members of the band. "We were all in the studio when it first started and it was just unfair to the producers," vocalist James LaBrie said. "Obviously each guy was focusing on his instrument, so it was like 'Wait, I want me up more!' So they were trying to please everyone and you just can't do that." The band had to be banned from the mixing sessions to allow Purdell and Baron to mix the album to a high enough standard. "The one great thing, though – even though we were out of the studio – was that they were aware of what we wanted and didn't want," LaBrie said. "When David Prater mixed Images and Words it was really unfortunate because he forgot to bring some sections out and he really didn't understand what we wanted from the final music. When Duane and John went in, they knew everything that needed to be there and how we wanted it to be represented."
Songs
"6:00" and "Innocence Faded"
The album's opening track, "6:00", features lyrics written by Moore, hinting at the growing distance between him and the rest of the band. Petrucci wrote the lyrics of "Innocence Faded", inspired by his deteriorating friendship with Moore. "The way I wrote lyrics a lot of the time is that I'll take an initial spark of an idea... But then I'll kind of generalize and add in other situations," Petrucci said. "So I couldn't say it was solely about that, but it was definitely inspired by that. There was a feeling of it not being the same way it had been, and the realization that things were not always going to remain the same."
"A Mind Beside Itself" trilogy: "Erotomania", "Voices", and "The Silent Man"
"Erotomania", "Voices" and "The Silent Man" form a three-part suite titled "A Mind Beside Itself". Portnoy stated that the instrumental "Erotomania" was written "off the cuff" as "a bit of a joke and parody". Petrucci penned the lyrics to "Voices", dealing with the subject of mental illness. He researched schizophrenia and similar disorders and used religious terms "to make things more vivid". "When I was writing it, I saw these terms and medical things that were just brilliant," he said. "Like there was a guy who felt that his skin was inside out. I read that and was like 'Oh my God! That's unbelievable; I've got to write about that.'" Petrucci wrote the music and lyrics to the acoustic "The Silent Man". LaBrie described the lyrics as dealing with "communication breakdown, for instance between a father and a son. We feel that we have to play certain roles when around one of our parents, and we never really get to know the real person. I'm lucky that I behave with my own father like I would a friend. We can joke around and go for a beer."
"The Mirror"
Portnoy wrote the lyrics to "The Mirror", describing his battle with alcoholism. He would return to the subject on later Dream Theater albums with the group's so-called "Twelve-step Suite."
Notably, although this is the first song released on a studio album with lyrics fully written by Portnoy, he had previously written part of the lyrics for Take the Time on Images and Words.
"Lie"
"Lie"
This excerpt is taken from forty-eight seconds onwards.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"Lie", the lead single from Awake, demonstrates the heavier, darker style of the album. The song is a live staple of the band. "Lie" was originally part of "The Mirror", but LaBrie thought it was strong enough to be a song in itself. "I remember one of the first tapes [the band] sent me to start jamming with up in Canada was 'The Mirror'," LaBrie said. "We used to jam instrumentally to it on the last tour and then we built it into a song, with the lyrics and melodies but also within the song was 'Lie'. I heard this groove and I was going 'Oh my God, that's a song in itself!' So I called up the guys and said 'Man, I really feel strong about this song. Can't we take that groove and build a song?'"
"Lifting Shadows Off a Dream"
"Lifting Shadows Off a Dream" began as a poem and two chords brought to the band by Myung. "We worked on it, racked our brains, recorded the jam and by the end of the night we were like 'Ahh fuck it. This sucks,'" Petrucci recalled. "We came by the next day, listened to the recording and thought it could be really cool. All of a sudden it evolved into this song."
"Scarred"
The lyrics to "Scarred" were initially inspired by a mishearing of the lyrics to The Clash's "Rock the Casbah". The song eventually took on a darker tone as the tempo changed and guitarist John Petrucci began writing lyrics about depression. The lines inspired by "Rock the Casbah", while present on the working demo, were removed entirely for the final release.
"Space-Dye Vest"
"Space-Dye Vest" was written by Moore, who brought the piece into the studio as a completed song.
Artwork
Larry Freemantle, who had designed the cover of Images and Words, provided the artwork for Awake. As with Images and Words, the band instructed Freemantle to include several lyrical references in the cover, such as a clock showing the time 6:00, a mirror and a spider in the middle of a web. "The band were very definite about what they wanted, and where they wanted it," Freemantle said. "The mirror was to be buried in the sand with a factory in the background, so it was just a case of putting it together." Access Images, the company Freemantle had used for Images and Words, had broken up, meaning that he had to put the cover together using stock images himself. "It was done really quickly and I always felt frustrated with that sleeve as I lost too much time on it," Freemantle said. "I was always up against deadlines on certain things and it got away from me."
Release and promotion
Awake was released on October 4, 1994, through East West Records. LaBrie considered the album's title to be "the perfect word to describe the album's lyrics. What we're basically talking about is the awareness of your existence - becoming closer and more in touch with yourself and ultimately discovering what works best for you as an individual as you try to get through life." Portnoy dedicated the album to his biggest inspiration, Frank Zappa, who died in 1993.
The album sold 36,160 copies the first week it was released. "Lie", the album's lead single, was released in late September. The accompanying music video featured the band, then a four-piece, playing the track at various locations in New York City, including the Brooklyn Bridge, Tribeca and a tunnel in Manhattan (which had to be temporarily closed in order to complete the shoot). It was hoped that "Lie" would be as successful as "Pull Me Under" had been, but the single failed to make an impact on the charts. "Caught in a Web" and "The Silent Man" were the album's second and third singles respectively. Portnoy was keen to direct the music video for "The Silent Man", but East West only offered him a co-directing credit with Pamela Birkhead. On the day of the shoot, Portnoy became violently ill, and when not needed to perform rested in his tour bus bunk.
Touring
With Moore no longer a member of Dream Theater, the band needed to find a replacement keyboardist for the forthcoming world tour in support of Awake. Before the tour started, the band had a headlining concert on September 9, 1994, at the Foundations Forum in Burbank, California. The album was to be unveiled in a live setting for the first time. Jordan Rudess's audition impressed the band, with Portnoy claiming that it had "blown his mind" and that Rudess was the "best keyboard player we'd ever seen". Rudess accepted the band's offer to perform with them at the Burbank show, but decided against joining the band for the entire tour. At the same time, he had received an offer to perform with the Dixie Dregs for shorter runs of shows and had a job with Kurzweil. Rudess also had a young family and was unsure if Dream Theater "was just going to be a flash in the pan". "I decided I would be better off going with the Dregs, continuing with Kurzweil, and being around for my family as much as possible," Rudess said. The show was not a success; the band were nervous of playing without Moore and were out of practice from not having played live for some time. Rudess eventually joined Dream Theater as a full band member in 1999.
The band held another round of auditions and were impressed with Derek Sherinian. Sherinian, who studied at Berklee College of Music the year before Petrucci, Portnoy, and Myung did, had previously played with Alice Cooper and Kiss and enjoyed similar music to the other members of Dream Theater. He was offered the position on a trial basis at the beginning of October 1994, giving him just two weeks to learn two hours of highly complex music. "It's one thing going in to play for an artist with hit songs that you've heard since you were a kid, and the songs are ingrained in your mind," Sherinian said. "It was another thing altogether going in with music you've never heard before that is totally off the charts as far as technical prowess... But it is amazing what one will do to ascend... when I was in New York at the rehearsals, I would play the songs at night over and over on a loop so that I would be subliminally programmed and it would ingrain it in my head." Sherinian was officially asked to join the band as a full member in February 1995.
The US leg of the Waking Up The World tour began on October 20, 1994, and finished on December 9. Over Christmas, LaBrie went on holiday to Cuba with his wife, where he had violent food poisoning. Upon his return home he consulted an ears, nose, and throat specialist, who told LaBrie that he had ruptured his vocal cords, advising him not to sing for six months to a year. "I was in total shock and devastated," LaBrie said. "On the US leg I had been so psyched and couldn't wait to blow everyone away around the rest of the world. We weren't in a position for me to take a six-month break so I had to keep touring." LaBrie was able to continue performing, but his voice became unpredictable. "It was absolutely miserable, and it was an extremely dark and depressing period for me," he recalled. "Literally every fucking night on the European leg, I wouldn't know if my voice would be there or if it would cooperate... I didn't feel that my voice really started to come back until maybe the Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence tour in 2002. That's when I started to feel my range and strength coming back."
The Great Hanshin earthquake struck Japan while Dream Theater were touring there. Although none of the band was injured, they seriously considered calling off the tour, but only ended up canceling one show. The band held a minute's silence at every show in Japan in memory of those who had died. During the soundchecks for the Japanese shows, the band rehearsed a series of cover songs. These were performed at a special covers-only show in Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club, London. The show, performed to an invitation-only audience of three hundred, featured guest musicians such as Barney Greenway, Steve Hogarth, Steve Rothery and Steve Howe. A selection of covers and medleys performed by Dream Theater at this show were released on A Change of Seasons.
Reception
Awake peaked at 32 on the Billboard 200, remaining in the charts for six weeks. This would remain the band's highest-charting release in the US until Systematic Chaos in 2007, which was eventually topped by 2009's Black Clouds & Silver Linings, which peaked at No. 6. The album peaked in the top 20 in four countries. Derek Oliver, Dream Theater's label representative considered the album to be a commercial failure. This led to the band once again working with David Prater on A Change of Seasons and to the record label putting increasing pressure on the band to make songs on their next studio album, Falling into Infinity, more commercial and radio-friendly.
In spite of the plentiful redeeming features on Awake, press reviews were generally subdued. It must of course be remembered that it was released just as the shoegazing, miserable purveyors of the fad known as grunge were taking hold. The British press in particular seemed dazzled by the work of Kurt Cobain and his cohorts, and anything that wasn't based around three chords or packed with lyrics championing depression as a lifestyle choice was in for a hard ride.
–Rich Wilson, Lifting Shadows
Awake received acclaim from music critics. Q wrote that "fans of Marillion may well love this, and even the sceptical listener can enjoy the crunching, radio-friendly choruses of "Scarred" and "Caught in a Web"." Guitar World ranked the album as one of the top ten releases of the year, stating that "this shred party left me punch drunk and, for once in my life, fully Awake." Metal Hammer dismissed Awake as "musical masturbation": "Progressive rock is basically a very adolescent notion of what 'grown up' music might sound like - more notes, longer solos and, best/worst of all, convoluted concepts... Their propensity for pomposity extends to the ballad "Silent Man", which would probably like to be Queensrÿche's "Silent Lucidity" but in fact sounds like Stryper on a particularly pious day". The album has since sold nearly 400,000 copies.
Later reviews were more favorable. Reviewers praised the album's production, noting the album is darker and heavier than previous Dream Theater releases. The musicianship of the band has been praised. Phil Carter of AllMusic highlighted Petrucci and Portnoy's performances; Metal Storm praised LaBrie and Portnoy; Murat Batmaz of Sea of Tranquility praised all the performances, but singled out Moore's contribution as "immense" and complimented him on "a lucid layer of atmosphere around [the album] built by none other than Kevin Moore." Carter ranked "Lie", "Scarred", "Caught in a Web" and "Space-Dye Vest" as the best tracks. Metal Storm praised "6:00" and the "A Mind Beside Itself" suite.
In a 1995 Guitar World interview, Chuck Schuldiner praised Awake and the band Dream Theater in general, claiming that "their music is very complex, but they definitely have hooks, which is crucial to making music listenable", citing them as an influence on the more progressive nature of his band Death's later material as opposed to the stagnant death metal scene at the time. In 2005, Awake was ranked number 390 in Rock Hard magazine's book of The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time. In July 2014, the album was ranked number 1 in Guitar World magazine's list of "Superunknown: 50 Iconic Albums That Defined 1994".
Track listing
All music is composed by Dream Theater, except where noted.
Personnel
Chart positions
Certifications | 7d7e796b-f2c5-4ef1-bd6b-e72786148b24 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_route_E264"} | Road in trans-European E-road network
European route E 264 is a Class B road part of the International E-road network. It begins in Jõhvi, Estonia and ends in Inčukalns, Latvia. E264 consists of Estonian main road no. 3 and Latvian main road A3. The entire route is part of Via Hanseatica corridor.
The road follows: Jõhvi – Tartu – Valga – Valka – Valmiera – Inčukalns.
Gallery | e8819294-9310-4f6e-a21e-c07469eb6a44 |
null | Indian politician
Dilip Sarkar (born 1948 or 1949 - died 9 June 2013) was an Indian politician, who was West Bengal MLA for Barabani.
Death
On 9 June 2013 Sarkar was shot, at the age of 64. | 4635cdc8-ed01-4476-82e4-91478e4e9f2f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevreuse"} | Commune in Île-de-France, France
Chevreuse (French pronunciation: [ʃəvʁøz] (
listen)) is a commune in the French department of Yvelines, administrative region of Île-de-France, north-central France.
Geography
Chevreuse is located south of Paris, in the middle of a regional natural park, Parc naturel régional de la haute vallée de Chevreuse. The river Yvette flows through the area, forming the fertile Vallée de Chevreuse.
History
Chevreuse was founded in the 10th century, and celebrated its first millennium of existence in 1980.[citation needed] Its castle, the Château de la Madeleine, dates back to the 11th century.
The writer Patrice Pluyette, winner of the 2008 Prix Amerigo Vespucci, was born in Chevreuse in 1977.
Population
Transportation
Chevreuse is serviced by the Paris Metro system (RER B line) at the Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse station in the neighboring commune by the same name, 2 km to the east. The nearest Transilien station is Trappes, 8 km to the north. | df51ce5b-ee29-4c1d-940e-66d8501e6afe |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zitadelle_(Berlin_U-Bahn)"} | Station of the Berlin U-Bahn
Zitadelle is a station on the Berlin U-Bahn line U7. It was opened on 1 October 1984 with the line's extension from Rohrdamm to Rathaus Spandau. Its name means "Citadel" in English and it was named for the historic Spandau Citadel. Unlike most U-Bahn stations, Zitadelle has side platforms. The station's interiors were also designed to resemble the citadel's style.
It lies between the stations Altstadt Spandau and Haselhorst. It was built/opened by R.G.Rümmler in 1984 (planned was the name "Am Juliusturm"). This station has side platforms because during its construction the important street above could not be blocked. So first the northern platform was built then the southern. The next station is Haselhorst. | c97a1041-abca-4506-9c73-00158d3de3ea |
null | Danish footballer (born 1969)
Carsten Hallum (born 9 September 1969 in Denmark) is a Danish retired footballer who now works as a mechanical worker and chief designer at an animal testing company in his home country.
Career
Callum started his senior career with Hvidovre IF. In 1997, he signed for Raith Rovers in the Scottish Premier League, where he made six appearances and scored zero goals. After that, he played for Danish clubs Aarhus Gymnastikforening, Nordsjælland, and Hvidovre IF before retiring in 2004. | 894a93e8-7be2-4777-a22a-201df2149d23 |
null | Radio station in California, U.S.
KFSC-LP (94.1 FM) was a radio station licensed to broadcast in Visalia, California, United States.
KFSC-LP's license was cancelled on December 1, 2013, for failing to file an application for renewal with the Federal Communications Commission. The station was owned by Friends of Radio Grito/Proyecto Campesino. | 63b7bf77-7354-42a0-9f8a-294a2e369955 |
null | American actress
Samantha Massell (born January 15, 1990) is a New York-based American actress and singer notable for playing Hodel in the 2015 Broadway revival of Fiddler on the Roof. She has received positive reviews of her singing and acting performance. Her genre is pop.
Early life
Massell attended Hunter College High School (where she interned for Lin-Manuel Miranda) and the University of Michigan, where she studied musical theater and English, and graduated Phi Beta Kappa.
Career
She made her Broadway debut at age 12 in La Boheme. She originated the role of Florika in Disney's The Hunchback of Notre Dame and performed in the cast album.
She played Rapunzel in the 2015 revival of Into the Woods at The Muny.
She won the role of Hodel in a 2015 revival of the classic Broadway show Fiddler on the Roof.
In 2021, Massell collaborated with other actors to produce an off-Broadway production of the musical entitled The Flamingo Kid.
in 2022, she appeared in the TV series Dynasty as Stacey Moore.
Filmography | fe690a16-8c10-4368-b8de-5e4e1c702584 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McLeay_Sr."} | Australian politician
Sir John McLeay, KCMG, MM (19 November 1893 – 22 June 1982) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party and served in the House of Representatives from 1949 to 1966, representing the Division of Boothby in South Australia. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives for a record 10-year term, from 1956 to 1966. McLeay was a businessman by profession, and before entering federal politics served as Mayor of Unley (1935–1937), as a member of the South Australian House of Assembly (1938–1941), and as Lord Mayor of Adelaide (1946–1950).
Early life
McLeay was born on 23 November 1893 in Port Clinton, South Australia. He was the second of six children born to Marguaretta (née Barton) and George McLeay. His older brother George McLeay Jr. also entered federal politics, serving as a government minister. Their father, a farmer, died in 1908, and their mother moved the family to Adelaide. Their horse became exhausted along the way and the older children had to walk the last 60 miles (97 km) on foot. McLeay attended state schools in Port Clinton and Unley until the age of fourteen, leaving school to work as an errand boy. He later studied at Muirden College, a business college in Adelaide, and worked as a commercial traveller.
McLeay enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in May 1915. He served with medical units in the Middle East and on the Western Front. While stationed in France as a stretcher-bearer with the 13th Field Ambulance, he was awarded the Military Medal for bravery on the opening day of the Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux in April 1918. He was formally discharged from the military in October 1919.
After returning to Australia, McLeay went into business with his brother George as accountants and general agents. Their firm McLeay Bros later evolved into a wholesale and retail furnishing business. He married Eileen Elden in 1921, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.
State and local politics
Elected to the Adelaide suburban Unley City Council in 1924, McLeay served as Mayor of Unley from 1935 to 1937, resigning to contest the state Electoral district of Unley as an independent at the 1938 election. He was one of 14 lower house MPs to be elected as an independent, which as a grouping won 40 percent of the primary vote, more than either of the major parties. At the time, there were 39 MPs in the legislature. Tom Stott was the de facto leader of the independent caucus within parliament. McLeay lost Unley at the 1941 election and later acknowledged that his three-year period in the House of Assembly was a waste of time, in terms of his being able to accomplish anything as an independent.
Federal politics
Nevertheless McLeay did not stay out of politics for long. He was elected Lord Mayor of Adelaide in 1946, and held that office till 1949, during which time he gained Liberal and Country League pre-selection for the federal electorate of Boothby in south-central Adelaide for that year's federal election. The seat had been held by Labor incumbent Thomas Sheehy, but a redistribution notionally made the seat a marginal LCL seat. While Sheehy made an unsuccessful bid to transfer to neighbouring Kingston, McLeay won Boothby on a large swing of 9.3 percent, turning it into a safe LCL seat in one stroke. He entered the Australian House of Representatives as part of that year's massive Coalition landslide.
In 1956 McLeay became Speaker of the House. He remained Speaker for more than 10 years (a record that still stands), until he resigned from parliament on 31 October 1966. In 1959, following the 1958 federal election, he was challenged unsuccessfully for the Liberals' speakership nomination by Percy Joske. He was re-elected to the speakership unopposed in 1959, 1962, and 1964. During his tenure there were only three dissent motions against his rulings, and he received praise from Robert Menzies, Arthur Calwell, and Gough Whitlam. Calwell said that he would have asked McLeay to stay on in the position if Labor won the 1961 election, while Whitlam described him as "ideal for the post" and wrote that "in my experience and observation the House has not had a better Speaker".
Later life
Following his retirement, McLeay served as Chairman of McLeay Brothers Ltd. and director of other companies, as well as member of the Tramways Trust Board, the State Bank of South Australia and the council of the University of Adelaide. He also served as president of the Adelaide Legacy Club, the South Australian Retail Furniture Association, the South Australian Playground Association and the South Australian Tree Planters Association.
McLeay was nicknamed "Marrow Jack" for his prowess in vegetable-growing.
Created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1962 for political and community services, McLeay had family members who carried on the tradition of political activism. His brother George and his son John Jnr both served in the federal parliament, John Jnr having succeeded him in the electorate of Boothby.
McLeay died in Adelaide after a short illness, predeceased by his wife, Lady Eileen. A state funeral was held in his honour. | 3805bab5-a62f-4db5-8e25-63f8b0805835 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%27re_the_One_(Sande%C3%A9_song)"} | 1987 single by Sandeé
"You're the One" is a single from freestyle singer Sandeé.
Track listing
U.S. 12-inch Single
Charts | aa61973f-93a2-478f-b74c-78d9d99cf816 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Schaffner"} | Swiss novelist
Jakob Schaffner (14 November 1875 – 23 September 1944) was a leading Swiss novelist who became a supporter of Nazism.
Emergence as a writer
Born on 14 November 1875 in Basel, both his father and his mother, a native of the State of Baden, died when he was young, leaving him to be reared in an orphanage. His early experiences inspired his most celebrated novel Johannes (sometimes known as Roman einer Jugend), which was published in 1922 and was a semi-autobiographical story of life in an orphanage. He initially worked as a shoemaker before turning to writing and held a number of other jobs throughout his life whilst an author. As a young shoemaker Schaffner travelled extensively as a journeyman in the Netherlands, Belgium and France, which heavily influenced his later writing, much of which was concerned with travel.
He studied at the University of Basel, and wrote his early works in Basel. In his very early days Schaffner was sympathetic to communism but he would switch at an early age to nationalism.
In 1912, Schaffner moved to Charlottenburg, near Berlin, Germany, after marrying a German woman and was driven by his German ethnic identity. His native spoken tongue was the Alemannic German dialect but seeking to rid himself of regional peculiarities and become what he described as an "all-German" he consciously adopted north German forms and expressions in his writing. He was strongly critical not only of Judaism but also of Christianity, dismissing the Bible as "a foreign collection of texts".
Far right activity
He later returned to Switzerland and from 1936 to 1938 was active on behalf of the National Front, leaving the movement along with Rolf Henne and Hans Oehler. For a time Schaffner was a member of the Bund Treuer Eidgenossen Nationalsozialistischer Weltanschauung [de], a pro-Nazism group established by Henne, Oehler and others on the extreme wing of the National Front. Schaffner had initially been a sceptic about Nazism but soon became a strong supporter of Adolf Hitler, feeling that he could spearhead a renovation of Europe.
During the Second World War Schaffner returned to live in Germany. He joined the Nazi Party and worked as a propagandist for Joseph Goebbels.[citation needed] He rarely returned to Switzerland, except for a meeting with cabinet minister Marcel Pilet-Golaz in 1940 alongside Ernst Hofmann [de] and Max Leo Keller, two leading members of the recently established Swiss Nazi movement, the National Movement of Switzerland.
He was killed in 1944 during an air raid on Strasbourg and was buried in his hometown Buus in September 1944. Having formerly been widely regarded as a writer, Schaffner's reputation in German-speaking literary circles was damaged significantly after the war due to his support for Nazism.
Literary works | 9ce4c912-08e3-4c94-9555-8bf3f4127ff0 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Budapest_Grand_Prix"} | Tennis tournament
The 2012 Budapest Grand Prix was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 18th edition of the Budapest Grand Prix, an International-level tournament on the 2012 WTA Tour. It took place at the Római Tennis Academy in Budapest, Hungary, from 30 April through 5 May 2012. First-seeded Sara Errani won the singles title.
Singles main draw entrants
Seeds
Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
Withdrawals
Retirements
Doubles main draw entrants
Seeds
Other entrants
The following pair received wildcard into the doubles main draw:
Retirements
Finals
Singles
Doubles | 78dc16ab-51d6-45fd-bed6-073d151716b1 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin_(ship)"} | The Dunedin
listen (help·info) (1876–90) was the first ship to successfully transport a full cargo of refrigerated meat from New Zealand to England. In this capacity, it provided the impetus to develop the capacity of New Zealand as a major provider of agricultural exports, notwithstanding its remoteness from most markets. Dunedin disappeared at sea in 1890, and neither the ship nor her crew has ever been seen or heard from since.
Ship origins
Robert Duncan and Co built the 1,320-ton, 73-metre (240 ft) Dunedin at Port Glasgow in Scotland in 1874 for the Albion Line (later the Shaw, Savill & Albion Line). Her ship number was 67085, and she cost £23,750 pound sterling, equivalent to £2,350,000 in 2021. She was one of six Auckland class emigrant vessels, each designed to carry 400 passengers. In 1881, still painted in her original colours of a black hull with a gold band and pink boot topping as shown, she was refitted by William Soltau Davidson with a Bell Coleman refrigeration machine, with which she took the first load of frozen meat from New Zealand to the United Kingdom.
Immigrant ship
Her first trip to New Zealand was in 1874 under Captain Whitson, who sailed her from London to Lyttelton, New Zealand in 98 days. In 1875, he sailed from London to Auckland in 94 days. All seven of her voyages from London to New Zealand prior to conversion were completed in under 100 days. Only one voyage (in 1876) required quarantine at Otago. Whitson remained her captain throughout the period she sailed with immigrants. In 1886, five years after she had been converted to take refrigerated cargo, Captain Arthur F Roberts became her captain after Captain Whitson had died at Oamaru on 4 May that year. Roberts, a Master Mariner, had been captain of the White Eagle and Trevelyn. Both these ships had sailed to New Zealand under his command. Even after her conversion, the Dunedin continued to carry passengers.
Background to the frozen meat shipment
English demand
This historical importance of the Dunedin is due to this meat shipment, which proved refrigerated meat could be exported long distances, so establishing the New Zealand meat export industry, and transforming agriculture in New Zealand and Australia. In the United Kingdom (UK), the rapidly expanding population had outrun the supply of local meat, resulting in rapid increases in prices. The shipment of livestock from New Zealand to England was prohibitively expensive. New Zealand did export some canned meat, but the industry was in its infancy, and while the product was popular in the Pacific islands, it was less so in England.
Early attempts
The first attempt to ship refrigerated meat from Australasia was made when the Northam sailed from Australia to England in 1876; however the refrigeration machinery broke down en route and so the cargo was lost. Later that year chilled beef was sent from the United States to England (a shorter journey, at cooler, higher latitudes) and, although spoilage was high, this voyage provided some encouragement to Australian and New Zealand promoters of refrigeration. During 1877 the steamers Le Frigorifique and Paraguay carried frozen mutton from Argentina to France, proving the concept, if not the economic case, for longer-distance refrigerated shipping. In 1879 the Strathleven, equipped with compression refrigeration, sailed from Sydney with 40 long tons (41 t) of frozen beef and mutton as a small part of her cargo, and this meat arrived in good condition. As a result of this success a Director of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company (NZALC), William Soltau Davidson, sent an employee, Thomas Brydone, from New Zealand to the UK to investigate compression refrigeration units.
The Dunedin refit
In 1880 Davidson convinced the company to invest in refrigeration. Teaming up with James Galbraith of the Albion shipping company, they approached John Bell and Sons and Joseph James Coleman, who had been involved in American chilled beef shipments. As a result of negotiations, Albion agreed to refit the Dunedin with a Bell-Coleman compression refrigeration machine, cooling the entire hold. Using 3 tons of coal a day, this steam-powered machine could chill the hold to 22 °C (40 °F) below surrounding air temperature, freezing the cargo in the temperate climate of southern New Zealand, and then maintaining it beneath zero through the tropics. The Dunedin was refitted in May 1881, the most visible sign being a funnel for the refrigeration plant between her fore and main masts – sometimes leading her to be mistaken for a steamship. The refitted Dunedin arrived in Dunedin's Port Chalmers at the end of November 1881.
1882 voyage
From 5 December 1881, a herd of 10,000 Merino/Lincoln and Leicester crossbreed sheep on NZALC's Totara Estate near Oamaru was slaughtered at a purpose-built slaughter works close to the railhead there. The carcasses were sent overnight by goods trains with a central block of ice to be loaded on the Dunedin, where they were sewn into calico bags and frozen. To prove the process, the first frozen carcasses were taken off the ship, thawed and cut.
After 7 days of loading, the crankshaft of the compressor broke, damaging the machine's casing and causing the loss of the 643 sheep carcasses stowed. It took a month for a local machinist to rebuild the crankshaft and associated machinery. The frozen carcasses were resold locally during this time, and, encouragingly, they were considered to be indistinguishable from fresh meat. On 15 February 1882, the Dunedin sailed with 4331 mutton, 598 lamb and 22 pig carcasses, 250 kegs of butter, hare, pheasant, turkey, chicken and 2226 sheep tongues. Sparks from the compressor's boiler created a fire hazard. When the vessel became becalmed in the tropics, crew noticed that the cold air in the hold was not circulating properly. To save his historic cargo, Captain John Whitson crawled inside and sawed extra air holes, almost freezing to death in the process. Crew members managed to pull him out by a rope and resuscitated him.
The Dunedin arrived in London 98 days after setting sail. Carcasses were sold at the Smithfield market over two weeks by John Swan and Sons, who noted butchers' concerns about the quality of meat from the experimental transport; "Directly the meat was placed on the market, its superiority over the Australian [frozen] meat struck us, and in fact the entire trade". Although crossed with the primarily wool bearing Merino, the well fed New Zealand sheep weighed an average of over 40 kilograms (88 lb), and some exceeded 90 kilograms (200 lb). Only one carcass was condemned. The Times commented "Today we have to record such a triumph over physical difficulties, as would have been incredible, even unimaginable, a very few days ago...". After meeting all costs, NZALC's profit from the voyage was £4700.
Outcome
The shipment effectively began the refrigerated meat industry and assured New Zealand's early dominance in it. The Marlborough—sister ship to the Dunedin – was immediately converted and joined the trade the next year, along with the rival New Zealand Shipping Company vessel Mataura, while the German steamer Marsala began carrying frozen New Zealand lamb in December 1882. Within five years, 172 shipments of frozen meat were sent from New Zealand to the United Kingdom, of which only 9 had significant amounts of meat condemned. The Dunedin completed nine more voyages until its loss in 1890.
Disappearance
Her sister ship, the Marlborough had sailed in January 1890 and the Dunedin followed in March, sailing from Oamaru on 19 March with 34 crew including Captain Roberts. Roberts' daughter was the only passenger. By July concerns were being expressed about the ship, as she normally made the journey in 90 or so days and by October she was noted as missing.
Although both the Dunedin and Marlborough were sighted in the Southern Ocean after leaving New Zealand, neither was seen again after that. No trace was found of the Dunedin and it was presumed both she and the Marlborough hit icebergs in the Southern Ocean. RMS Rimutaka had reported that there were great quantities of ice in the Southern Ocean on their normal route between the Chatham Islands and Cape Horn when she sailed through the area in early to mid February. The Board of Enquiry concluded that apart from hitting an iceberg another possibility was that the Dunedin had come to grief in a storm. They found that the ship was seaworthy, appropriately laden, and sailed by an experienced Captain and crew.
There were two reports of sightings of the Dunedin in 1890; one by the ship London which said they had sailed near each other in the vicinity of Cape Horn prior to being separated in a storm, and another about her being found on the coast of Brazil with yellow fever on board. This latter story was dismissed as untrue. | b7ca23c0-a471-46ce-bf69-baa1da2b4515 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DD_Punjabi"} | Indian Punjabi-language public TV channel
DD Punjabi is a state-owned Punjabi language TV channel, started in 1998, which is produced and telecasted from Doordarshan Kendra Jalandhar in Indian Punjab.
History
DD Punjabi Channel was launched in 1998, and it became a 24-hour service within two years. Numerous Punjabi viewers residing in different parts of India watch the cultural programmes broadcast on DD Punjabi with interest across the state and by a number of Punjabi viewers residing in different parts of India. In its terrestrial mode DD Punjabi has near 100 per cent reach in the State of Punjab. These programmes enlighten the viewers in cultivating modern social modes. Doordarshan Kendra, Jalandhar is the hub of DD Punjabi productions.
Programming | 5883caa0-b0da-4fe0-95f4-f62a6c7dfe39 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czerwi%C5%84ski_CW_IV"} | The one-off, experimental Czerwiński CW IV was a Polish high performance glider and the nation's first two-seater. It set several national records and influenced later Polish designs.
Design and development
ZASPL, the Aviation Association of students of the Lwów Technical University, was the oldest aviation organization in Poland. Revived after World War I, by 1926 it had workshops in Lwów which began building the glider designs of ZASPL member Wacław Czerwiński. The fourth of these, the CW IV, was an experimental two seat, high performance aircraft chiefly designed to explore thermal lift techniques. Thermal flying was still in ts infancy in 1930, having been first conclusively demonstrated in Germany in 1928.
The CW IV was a wooden glider with a high, cantilever, three part wing built around two spars. A wide, rectangular centre-section occupied about one-third of the span. The outer panels were double-tapered, with ailerons which occupied the whole trailing edges. The leading edges and wingtips were covered with plywood and the rest with fabric.
It had a narrow, rather flat-sided, ply covered fuselage with more rounded upper and lower surfaces forwards. The nose was covered with sheet aluminium. The wing was raised above the main fuselage on a streamlined pylon which reached ahead of it, with a fairing aft to the tail. The pilot's open cockpit was ahead of this structure, in front of a second, enclosed cockpit, fitted with dual control, at the centre of gravity under the wing. This cockpit had semi-circular openings in the pylon fairing for sideways vision and was accessed via a port-side door. A short skid under the forward fuselage as fitted with rubber shock absorbers for landings.
The empennage of the CW IV was conventional, with ply covered fixed surfaces and fabric covered control surfaces. A triangular fin carried a tall, rounded, balanced rudder. The tailplane, a narrow, blunted triangle in plan, was mounted on top of the fuselage and carried split, rounded elevators.
Operational history
In October 1930 the CW IV flew for the first time during the Lwów group's fourth annual expedition to Bezmiechowa. It proved a success. Szczepan Grzeszczyk, flying it as a single-seater, set a new national duration record of 2:30:15 hours on October 29. On 13 November, with Zygmunt Laskowski in the rear seat, he flew for 1:2:18.2 hour and reached a height of 420 m (1,380 ft) above his starting point. As the CW IV was the first Polish two seat glider, these November flights were the first national records in those categories.
In 1932 the CW IV went into the ZASPL shops for refurbishments and minor improvements, then went back to Bezmiechowa. In 1934, flown by Piotr Mynarski and A. Zalińsk, it raised the two seat national record on 19 June to 4:33 hours, then on 5 October to 9:7 hours.
The CW IV was an important milestone in Polish glider development and its influence reached beyond World War II to the successful, single seat IS-B Komar.
Specifications
Data from General J. Cynk (1971);Performance samalot (with two crew)
General characteristics
Performance | 8be30121-bdf1-4b3a-a891-6d35850265e0 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportfreunde_05_Saarbr%C3%BCcken"} | German football club
Football club
The Sportfreunde 05 Saarbrücken is a German Association football club from the town of Saarbrücken, Saarland.
Historically the club has been a strong side in Saarbrücken, playing at highest level, and even applying for Fußball-Bundesliga membership in 1963. The club also took part in the first round of the 1962–63 DFB-Pokal. Since then however Sportfreunde Saarbrücken has declined to a point where it now plays in the lower amateur leagues, having fallen behind local rivals 1. FC Saarbrücken and Saar 05 Saarbrücken.
History
Formed in January 1905 as the football department of TV 1876 Burbach, the club played in the tier one Kreisliga Saar from 1920 onwards with a second place in 1921–22 as its best result. From 1923 TV played in the new Bezirksliga Rhein-Saar, where it was to remain for the next six seasons, coming second in 1929–30 as its best result. On 1 January 1924 it changed its name to Sportfreunde 05 Saarbrücken, became independent of the mother club TV and, in March 1924 was joined by BC Burbach. In 1933, when the Nazis rose to power, the Bezirksliga was replaced by the Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen, in which Sportfreunde played for two more seasons before being relegated in 1934–35. It returned for one more season to this league in 1936–37 but otherwise remained at the tier below. In 1938, all of the Burbacher sides were merged to form SG Saarbrücken, which was also referred to as TSG Burbach.
Post-Second World War football saw the club play in the Amateurliga Saarland, then the second tier, initially under the name of TuS Burbach, from 1946 as Sportfreunde Burbach and, from 1950 onwards, as Sportfreunde Saarbrücken again. A league title in 1952 allowed the side promotion to the new second tier in the region, the 2nd Oberliga Südwest.
After a 13th-place finish in its first season in the 2nd Oberliga the club won the league in 1954 and gained entry to the tier one Oberliga Südwest for the following season. Sportfreunde however became a Yo-yo club, winning promotion in 1954, 1956 and 1958 but being relegated in 1955 and 1957. Only from 1958 to 1959 onwards did the club's performances in the Oberliga stabilise with three sixth-place finishes in the next five seasons as its best results.
Sportfreunde Saarbrücken, in 1962–63, also applied for a place in the new Fußball-Bundesliga but was unsuccessful in this with a place eventually going to local rival 1. FC Saarbrücken. The club also took part in the 1962–63 DFB-Pokal where it lost 4–2 in the first round to Borussia Dortmund.
The club now became part of the new tier two Regionalliga Südwest but was only able to stay at this level for two seasons before being relegated in 1964, to drop out permanently of professional football. Back in the Amateurliga Saarland, now a tier three league, the side took two seasons struggling against relegation before it was able to return to better performances, coming second in 1967–68 and 1970–71.
In 1975 Sportfreunde suffered another relegation, now from the Amateurliga, and dropped to the fourth tier. In 1978 the Amateurliga was renamed Verbandsliga Saarland and became the fourth tier after the Oberliga Südwest had been reestablished. Sportfreunde Saarbrücken did not qualify for either, instead playing in the tier five Landesliga Saarland-Südwest, but won promotion to the Verbandsliga in 1987. It lasted for only one season at this level however, finishing second last in 1987–88 and has not, since then, been able to return to the highest football league in the Saarland.
Back in the Landesliga Saarland-Südwest the club returned to its pre-1987 existence as a mid-table side until 1991, when it was relegated even further. It took the team until 1999 to return to Landesliga level where it was able to reestablish itself, even coming close to promotion in 2004 and 2005 when it came second in the league. The club has remained at Landesliga level ever since, with the league being split from two into four divisions in 2012 and Sportfreunde entering the new Landesliga Saarland-Süd for 2012–13.
Honours
The club's honours:
League
Recent seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club: | e22edc9d-cd65-4991-90db-426427a91ac4 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairie_Festival"} | Music and arts festival
The Fairie Festival (also known as the May Day Fairie Festival, or Pennsylvania Fairie Festival) is a music and arts festival currently held annually in Glen Rock, Pennsylvania, that began in 1991. The festival's primary theme is to "celebrate the beginning of spring and all of the faerie and nature spirits' return to the warm world".
History
The May Day Fairie Festival is the brainchild of Rob and Lucy Wood, owners of Spoutwood Farm, an organic farm in the Community Supported Agriculture movement. It began as a tea party for about 100 friends and their children, and attendance has grown to over 16,000 “friends” annually. Previously a one-day festival, a second day was added in 2001; a third, in 2006. The festival features artists and authors from around the world, local and international musicians and crafters whose work is connected to or inspired by folklore, specifically faerie lore. On 1/10/ 2018 Rob and Lucy Wood announced that May 2018 will be the last Fairie Festival to be held at Spoutwood Farm due to the stress it puts on the farm. In short the festival has grown too big for the farm. A new location was sought out for the future which was announced and held at Marshy Point Nature Center, located at 7130 Marshy Point Rd, Baltimore, MD 21220. The May Day Fairie Festival is now known as the Summer Solstice Faerie Festival presented in partnership by Spoutwood Farm Center, Marshy Point Nature Center and the Baltimore County Park System. With the close of the May Day Fairie Festival, there has been an insurgence of new Faerie Festivals in the local area. These festivals are a welcome addition to the FAEMILY, however they should not be confused with the May Day Fairie Festival and are in no way affiliated with Spoutwood Farm Center. These festivals are being held in New Freedom, Sunbury and York Pennsylvania.
There were no festivals in 2020-21.
Events
The May Day Fairie Festival was the first festival in the United States devoted solely to faerie and nature spirits. It has been held on the grounds of Spoutwood Farm Center since 1991.
The festival expects, each year, performances by musicians and dancers, storytellers, participatory maypole dancing, fairie craft activities such as wand and garland making. It provides 70 juried arts and crafts vendors (featuring handmade art inspired by the faerie), and food vendors. The Nature Place offers a place for environmental, health, animal interest and other groups to share their vision; fairie and gnome habitat tours are to be expected, along with fairie tea parties, and guest appearances by Sweet Pea, the Mossmen, and the Green Man. Alongside the traditional May Day crowning of the May Queen may be seen the crowning of the May King, Prince, and Princess. The Fairie Chautauqua offers the opportunity for attendees to delve more deeply into the lore and arts of Fairie, in workshops led by scholars, artists, musicians, and crafters.
Impact
Each year, the Fairie Festival benefits the Spoutwood Farm Center CSA, which in turn provides organically produced food to over 150 families in the community. The Fairie Festival maintains an example of ecologically sound entertainment in the fantasy genre; it utilizes recycled printed materials, compostable foodware, and features a food court of diverse food vendors, including organic and vegetarian food vendors. In 2000, the Fairie Festival instituted a "Zero Waste" policy, requiring all vendors to haul out their own trash, and all food vendors to provide compostable materials to their customers. The compostable materials are added to a special compost pile located at the entrance to the CSA, and is part of the educational programs offered to attendees. In 2010, after a three-day event attended by over 17,000 people, a total of 23 plastic bags worth of non-recyclables and non-compostables were collected and disposed of by Waste Management of York County.
Attendance is international, with vendors and attendees coming from England, Australia and Japan.
The Fairie Festival was the subject of a 2010 documentary entitled "Glen Rock Fae: The Spoutwood Fairie Festival" on the Internet Movie Database. | cecc18fe-15f6-4646-a9fe-2bd3b5332267 |
null | In the U.S. state of Oregon, there are two systems for categorizing roads in the state highway system: named state highways and numbered state routes. Named highways, such as the Pacific Highway No. 1 or the North Umpqua Highway East No. 138, are primarily used internally by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) whereas numbered routes, such as Interstate 5 (I-5), U.S. Highway 20 (US 20), or Oregon Route 140 (OR 140), are posted on road signs and route markers. The two systems overlap significantly, but the route numbers are not necessarily coterminous with highway names and some routes may comprise several highways. For example, OR 47 is overlaid on the Mist–Clatskanie Highway No. 110, Nehalem Highway No. 102, and Tualatin Valley Highway No. 29. In addition to OR 47, the Tualatin Valley Highway No. 29 also comprises part of OR 8.
The primary state highway system was designated in 1917 with 36 highways, some of which were designated by the Oregon State Legislature and the rest were added by the Oregon State Highway Commission. Starting in 1931, the highway commission took over maintenance of several county "market roads" that became the secondary state highway system. State highways have a route number that is used internally by ODOT; primary highways have a one- or two-digit route number (i.e., the Columbia River Highway No. 2 or the Pendleton–John Day Highway No. 28) and secondary highways have a three digit route number (i.e., the Jefferson Highway No. 164). Secondary highways are numbered by county; each county has a range of ten numbers. For instance, Highways 330 to 339 are in Umatilla County.
List of state highways | 53e65dc5-8fa8-417d-95d1-50b595fc1028 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton_Clarke_(cyclist)"} | Australian cyclist
Hilton Clarke (born 3 September 1944) is an Australian former cyclist. He competed in the tandem and the 1000m time trial at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He has won 17 Australian titles. Hilton has three sons - Troy, Hilton Jnr. and Jonathan - all of whom have raced at the elite level. He is a member of Carnegie Caulfield Cycling Club
Racing career
Australian Titles
1966
1000m Time Trial (Amateur)
4km Team Pursuit (Amateur)
1967
1000m Time Trial (Amateur)
10 mile Scratch Race (Amateur)
4km Team Pursuit (Amateur)
1968
1000m Time Trial (Amateur)
4km Team Pursuit (Amateur)
1969
4km Team Pursuit (Pro)
1970
1 mile Scratch Race (Pro)
5 mile Scratch Race (Pro)
1971
5 mile Scratch Race (Pro)
1972
5 mile Scratch Race (Pro)
1974
1000m Time Trial (Pro)
Madison (Pro)
1975
4km Team Pursuit (Pro)
1976
10km Scratch Race (Pro)
4km Team Pursuit (Pro) | 969f6648-4d2c-478c-9845-5ef7412d5d03 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Decker_(baseball)"} | American baseball player (1866–1909)
Baseball player
George A. Decker (June 1, 1866 – June 7, 1909), was a professional baseball player who played outfielder in the Major Leagues from 1892-1899. Decker played for the St. Louis Browns, Chicago Colts, Louisville Colonels, and Washington Senators.
In 704 games over eight seasons, Decker posted a .276 batting average (756-for-2739) with 423 runs, 25 home runs, 416 RBI and 112 stolen bases. He finished his career with a .959 fielding percentage playing at every position except pitcher and catcher. | bec343c9-6e85-426d-b6b9-a972e48f923b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Catherine_Fiske%27s_Young_Ladies_Seminary"} | School in the United States
Miss Catherine Fiske's Young Ladies Seminary was a boarding and day school for young ladies, located in Keene, New Hampshire. Established in 1814, it achieved a national reputation. After the 1837 death of Catherine Fiske, the school's founder, the seminary continued to operate until the early 1840s. The property went through various changes but currently serves as the President's House at Keene State College.
History
Fiske's school was a boarding establishment where she had the oversight of the culinary concerns and arrangements. She taught her pupils the same useful employments of the household in which she herself took not only a deep but a scientific interest. It was the first of its kind in New Hampshire and the second school of its kind in the country, Bradford Academy (Massachusetts) being the first. Miss Fiske's Seminary antedated Robinson's Female Seminary at Exeter, New Hampshire, which was founded in 1859, by 55 years, and Mary Lyon's Mount Holyoke Female Seminary at South Hadley, Massachusetts, by 36 years.
Fiske taught the chemistry of making bread, demonstrated the astronomical and mathematical calculations of Isaac Newton and Pierre-Simon Laplace, and pointed out from the wildflowers of the valley of the Ashuelot River the principles to which Carl Linnaeus devoted himself. She enforced with appropriate remarks the syllogisms of Levi Hedge and the mental and moral sentiments of Isaac Watts on The Improvement of the Mind, and gave remarks appropriate to the youngest girl to initiate her into the mysteries of language.
In 1814, Fiske and Mrs. Newcomb provided instruction in reading, writing, English grammar, composition, arithmetic, history, geography, with the use of maps and globes, drawing and painting in the various branches, and plain and ornamental needle work. Strict attention was also paid to the improvement of the young ladies' morals and manners.
In 1817, when the seminary was referred to as the "School for Young Ladies and Misses", Fiske and Miss Sprague advertised that they would "pay all possible attention to the improvement of the manners, morals and minds of their pupils."
In 1823, 84 pupils were enrolled. Fiske served as principal, while the teachers included Mary B. Ware and Eliza P. Withington. In 1836, Fiske was the principal; Abigail Barnes and Charlotte Foxcroft were associate teachers; Eliza P. Withington was teacher in music.
In 1837, the instruction at the seminary was divided into four courses. First: spelling, reading, arithmetic, plain sewing, first books of geography and history. Second: reading English grammar, geography with use of maps and globes, arithmetic, writing, bookkeeping and composition, and what the law required to qualify a young women to instruct a district school. Third: the same, with political class, book rhetoric, natural philosophy and astronomy, geology, chemistry, botany, philosophy of natural history, algebra and geometry. Fourth: logic, moral and intellectual philosophy, natural theology and evidences of Christianity. The Latin and modern languages.
Later years
After the Keene Academy was established in 1836, the day pupils of Keene who had attended the Fiske seminary gradually left for the academy. Also, other academies soon after were established in the county, which reduced the student population. Fiske died the following year. The prospectus of 1838 stated that the school would continue under the case of those teachers who were associated with Fiske. Eliza P. (Withington) Hastings, became the principal, while Abigail (Barnes) Leverett, S. C. G. Swasey, and L. H. P. Withington were associate teachers. The school closed in the early 1840s, after 30 years of prosperity. | 0cd7c206-5f2f-430f-afed-4a81c1a712b3 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_de_Lourosa"} | Civil parish in Centro, Portugal
São João de Lourosa is a civil parish in the municipality of Viseu, Portugal. It has 24.30 km2 and had 4702 inhabitants in the 2011 census. | 019476f5-1369-4d2b-8d5f-e27d529b7d60 |
null | The Honours and Awards System of Samoa has its basis in the Merit Act 1992/1993 and the Honours and Awards Act 1999. From 1914 to 1962, Samoa was governed as the Western Samoa Trust Territory by the United Kingdom and New Zealand. During this time, awards of the British honours system were made to select individuals. For example, the first Prime Minister of Samoa, Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu'u II was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire and Le Mamea Matatumua Ata, a framer of the constitution of Samoa, was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on the New Zealand list in the 1960 Birthday Honours.
Established by the act of 1992 and reaffirmed by the act of 1999, the Honours and Awards Committee is a part of the Ministry of the Prime Minister and Cabinet Office. The committee is responsible for considering those who may be eligible for awards or honorary awards and recommending those deemed worthy of awards to the Cabinet. The committee also reviews those who are prior award recipients and may recommend the granting of subsequent higher awards where deemed appropriate.
History
After the independence of Samoa, the first award created was the Grand Order of Vailima. This order was intended to be Samoa's highest decoration of honour. The order was first awarded to Queen Elizabeth II when she visited Samoa on 11 February 1977 during the Silver Jubilee Pacific tour.
On 28 May 1992, the Parliament of Samoa passed AN ACT to provide for the conferring or granting of awards in recognition of acts of heroism or meritorious service to Western Samoa, known as the Merit Act 1992/1993. This act set up the administrative mechanisms to manage the recommending and presentation of awards. It set forth that the Head of State, acting upon the advice of the cabinet, could make awards to worthy individuals. It further established the Merit Board to consider individuals eligible for awards and making recommendations to the cabinet of those persons. Individuals deemed worthy of recognition who were not Samoan citizens could be granted an honorary award. Holders of honorary awards do not figure into the total number of award holders. The act further spelled out monetary payments that were to be made to recipients upon being granted an award. The act set forth the following awards:
Current honours and awards
The current honours system came about on 25 August 1999 with the passage of AN ACT to repeal the Merit Act 1992/1993, No. 3 and to consolidate the system for the conferring of awards in recognition of meritorious service to Samoa or acts of bravery. also known by its short title as the Honours and Awards Act 1999. This act did away with all of the awards of the Merit Act 1992/1993, but left in place many of the mechanisms for administering and awarding its honours. Among them is the retaining of the Merit Board, but renaming it the Honours and Awards Committee. The honours awarded under the Merit Act 1992/1993 are still considered valid and they maintain their status and recognition. There is a further section that states any honours not attached to the Merit Act 1992/1993 are also still valid and maintain their status and recognition. Monetary awards are limited to only the top two gallantry awards under the act of 1999.
The Honours and Awards Act 1999 divides awards into two distinct categories: awards for civil service and awards for bravery and gallantry. The act defines civil service as, "...service of Samoa in any capacity, and includes service in the private and religious sectors." The awards established by the act are as follows, in their order of precedence:
Awards for Civil Service
Awards for Bravery and Gallantry
As of 2023, none of the bravery awards have ever been awarded. | e7f9d91e-1d76-45f0-8b3e-f858cb4d2dea |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley:_Spotlight"} | Wesley: Spotlight is a comic based on the Angel television series, featuring the character of Wesley Wyndam-Pryce. This title, along with the others in IDW Publishing's Spotlight series, was collected in the Angel: Spotlight trade paperback.
Story description
Summary
An extreme legal measure in the form of a lethal venom strikes down Knox, the current object of Winifred Burkle's affections. Forced to make a choice between letting Knox die or saving his life, Wesley deals with his own affections for Fred and their ramifications.
Expanded overview
At Wolfram & Hart, Wesley and Fred, each immersed in their own work, literally bump into each other. They exchange extremely awkward small-talk until Fred breaks off to speak with Knox. This painful exchange is noted by a non-corporeal Spike, who emerges from a wall to tease Wesley. Wesley tells Spike that there is nothing between him and Fred, and that he simply wants what is best for her. Elsewhere in the Wolfram and Hart lobby, a delivery man approaches with a package for Gunn. Fred says that she'll sign for it, but Knox quickly intervenes, snatching the package away before Fred can touch it. Knox is immediately immobilized; his skin and clothing turn black and he falls to the floor.
In the lab, it is determined that Knox is still alive. As Wesley and Fred puzzle over what could have happened, Eve enters and says that it was a blood subpoena: a curse sent by a rival law firm to kill the lead lawyer on a particular case. She doesn't think there is a way to reverse it, and believes that Knox has about six hours to live. Fred believes she is to blame, because Knox had intervened to save her. Wesley promises to get to work finding a way to save Knox.
As Wesley strides down the hall, Spike reappears, speaking of Wesley's good fortune - by not acting, Wesley can ensure that his romantic competition is eliminated. Wesley calls Spike's suggestion "repugnant," but Spike stands by his statement. Gunn joins them in Wesley's office; he believes he has found the legal case most likely to have prompted the blood subpoena. He gives Wesley the address of the lawyer in question, and Wesley says he will take care of it himself.
Wesley arrives at the offices of Asherton Travis, Attorney at Law, with Spike tagging along. A receptionist asks if they have an appointment, and receives an axe through her computer monitor. Wesley says that he hopes Travis can squeeze him in. He bursts into Travis's office and states that Wolfram and Hart is under new management, and does not appreciate attacks on its personnel. He embeds his axe into Travis's desk just as Travis is reaching for a gun in his drawer. Travis stammers that he doesn't know how to undo the blood subpoena, but gives Wesley the address of the man who handles his "magic stuff."
On the way, Spike is still incredulous that Wesley is going to the trouble of saving Knox. Wesley asks Spike what he knows about love, and Spike responds that he gave up everything for love once, "and it hurts like hell." They arrive at their destination, a used book store. Wesley begins to introduce himself and Spike to the clerk, but gets no farther than, "we're from Wolfram &--" before the clerk casts a spell to cover his escape. As Wesley fumbles through the darkness, he is mystically tossed across the room. Spike approaches, and points out that the clerk's magic has no effect on his non-corporeal body. From behind Spike, Wesley fires his crossbow; the arrow passes right through Spike's chest and pierces the clerk's hand, nailing it to the wall. Wesley threatens the man, and is told to open the cashbox and take the green stone within. Placing the stone on Knox's wrist will undo the curse. Wesley takes the stone, and warns the clerk not to take any future assignments that involve Wolfram and Hart.
As Wesley and Spike return to the car, Wes notes that it has been five and a half hours since Knox collapsed. Spike points out that they would only have to delay slightly to "fail" their mission. Wesley glares at him, and Spike relents. They arrive at Wolfram and Hart, and Wesley applies the stone to Knox's wrist. Knox's body regains its proper color, and Fred thanks Wesley, embracing him. With a sad look on his face, Wesley says, "...you're welcome."
Wesley stares through a window into the lab, where Fred and Knox are sharing a happy moment. From behind him, Spike calls Wesley a "triumphant hero." Wes replies that he never claimed to be a hero. Spike asks if he's really willing to sacrifice his own happiness for Fred's, and Wesley says, "it's no sacrifice at all."
Writing and artwork
Continuity
Canonical issues
Angel comics such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. Some fans consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while other fans consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were 'approved' by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy merchandise. | 3c976ae8-95ba-4d07-8a10-386e4d53fdd6 |
null | Radio station in Athens, Georgia
WPPP-LP is a non-commercial low power FM radio station in Athens, Georgia, United States. Owned by the non-profit Athens Community Radio Foundation, Inc., the station reaches listeners within a 15-mile radius of its studios near the University of Georgia campus. WPPP's programming includes alternative and progressive rock, as well as "news reports and progressive political commentary produced free of corporate interests and government influence." The station is affiliated with the Pacifica Radio network.
Station history
A group led by Xavier Elkins applied for a broadcast license after the Federal Communications Commission opened a filing window for LPFM licenses in 2000. The station went on the air in August 2004. Known for a wildly varying assortment of music, the station was cited by the Athens Banner-Herald as "the only radio station in the area that will play Pat Benatar right after a Drive-By Truckers song following a jazz lick - and all without commercial interruption." Elkins and co-host Jon Bird host a talk show called "The Daily Hangover Chronicles."
Community affiliation
WPPP-LP is an affiliate of Common Ground Athens, a resource center offering meeting space, training programs, and management support to Athens community organizations. | 573ca571-a02d-48da-989a-8bc0a8ae24ff |
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