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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tefan_Mal%C3%ADk"} | Slovak racewalker
Štefan Malík (born 11 February 1966 in Šurany, Nitra Region) is a retired male race walker from Slovakia, who competed in two consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country.
Achievements | fb4aa808-33fb-440b-99c1-ffb1c3930a64 |
null | Eschetewuarha ("Mother of the universe") is a mother goddess of the Chamacoco people. She is the dominant deity in Chamacoco mythology.
Eschetewuarha is described as the mother of many spirits known as guarã, including forest spirits, as well as of the Osasero birds, who are associated with clouds. Eschetewuarha is the wife of the Great Spirit, who she controls and dominates. As the mother of clouds, Eschetewuarha controls rain, and she ensures that mankind obtain water and the Sun does not burn the earth. In return, Eschetewuarha expects people to send songs to her every night. If they failed to do so, Eschetewuarha will punish them.
Eschetewuarha is comparable to Gauteovan, the mother goddess of the Kogi people.
Bibliography | 3d04e7a3-c84a-4acf-8222-42e45d44639b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C5%BEijska_Mosque"} | The Vekil-Harrach or Hadžijska mosque (Bosnian: Vekil-Harač ili Hadžijska džamija) is a mosque in the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in Alifakovac, a neighborhood in Babića bašća local community, one of the oldest urban settlements in Sarajevo.
History
Built between 1541 and 1561 by Gazi Husrev-beg's quartermaster, Vekil-Harrach after whom it was originally named. It was used by pilgrims (hadžije) in the city before their joinery Mecca from here, it was named the Pilgrim's mosque.
Architecture
It is fenced by a wall, inside which there is a stone fountain, which was renewed at the beginning of the 19th century by Sarajevo judge (kadija) Mustafa Fevzi, which is what the inscription is about. | 92a148d4-15b3-4f72-8e32-6893ffe90527 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Henderson"} | American baseball player (1958–2015)
Baseball player
David Lee Henderson (July 21, 1958 – December 27, 2015), nicknamed "Hendu", was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, Boston Red Sox, San Francisco Giants, Oakland Athletics, and Kansas City Royals during his 14-year career, primarily as an outfielder.
Henderson is best remembered for the two-out, two-strike home run he hit in the top of the ninth inning in Game 5 of the 1986 American League Championship Series. He helped his teams reach the World Series four times during his career—Boston in 1986 and Oakland from 1988 to 1990, with Oakland winning the championship in 1989. His uncle Joe Henderson appeared in 16 MLB games as a pitcher during the mid-1970s.
Road to the majors
Henderson was born in Merced, California and grew up in nearby Dos Palos, where he attended high school and played both baseball and football. With the football team, which won championships in 1975 and 1976, he played tight end, running back, and strong safety. One of his baseball teammates was future College World Series MVP Stan Holmes. The team won championships in 1976 and 1977. Henderson's uniform numbers—42 in football, 22 in baseball—were both retired by the Dos Palos Broncos, which inducted him into the school's Hall of Fame in 2012 and named their baseball field in his honor.
Henderson was selected by the Seattle Mariners in the first round of the 1977 Major League Baseball draft. His first professional season was 1977 with the Bellingham Mariners of the Class A short season Northwest League, where he played in 65 games, batting .315 with 16 home runs and 63 runs batted in (RBIs).
Henderson's next two seasons were spent in the Class A California League. In 1978, he was with the Stockton Mariners, batting .232 with 7 home runs and 63 RBIs in 117 games. In 1979, he was with the San Jose Missions, batting .300 with 27 home runs and 99 RBIs in 136 games. In 1980, Henderson moved up to Class AAA, playing with the Spokane Indians of the Pacific Coast League, where he played in 109 games, batting .279 with 7 home runs and 50 RBIs.
Major League Baseball
Seattle Mariners
Entering the 1981 season, Henderson was named the Mariners' starting center fielder on Opening Day, going hitless in four at bats. His first MLB hit came several games into the season—a home run against Oakland pitcher Steve McCatty, after Henderson had been hitless in his first nine major league plate appearances. He struggled at the plate throughout the season; at the end of April, he was batting .135, which improved only slightly to .172 at the end of May. After then going 1-for-10 at the start of June, he was sent back down to Spokane in Class AAA.
Henderson spent much of the summer with Spokane, appearing in 80 games while batting .279 with 12 home runs and 50 RBIs. In early September, he was recalled, with his first appearance back with the Mariners coming on September 3, in a 20-inning game against the Red Sox—one of the longest MLB games ever played. From when he was recalled until the end of the season, he appeared mostly as a late-innings defensive replacement, finishing his first MLB year with a .167 average in 59 games played, with 6 home runs at 13 RBIs.
During the 1982 season, Henderson's playing time increased significantly, as he appeared in 104 games, with 85 complete games played (all in center field). He batted .253 for the season, with 14 home runs and 48 RBIs. In 1983, his batting average improved to .269 with 17 home runs and 55 RBIs, while appearing in 137 games, with 124 of them being complete games in the outfield (78 in center field and 46 in right field). Henderson spent some of the 1984 season on the disabled list because of a hamstring injury. Still, he hit well, batting .280 with 14 home runs and 43 RBIs in 112 games played with 78 complete games in the outfield (all but 9 in center). His batting average dropped somewhat in 1985, as he hit .241 with 14 home runs and 68 RBIs, while appearing in 139 games with 117 of them being complete games in the outfield (all but 12 in center).
Early in the 1986 season, Red Sox pitcher Roger Clemens became the first pitcher to record 20 strikeouts in a nine-inning game, which he accomplished in a game at Fenway Park against the Mariners, with Henderson being three of his strikeouts. Henderson struggled at the plate early in the season, batting below .200 as late as May 25. By the end of June, he had improved to .250, and he was batting .272 at the end of July.
Overall, Henderson played with Seattle for parts of six seasons, appearing in a total of 654 games, while batting .257 with 79 home runs and 271 RBIs.
Boston Red Sox
On August 19, 1986, the Red Sox, atop the American League East division, traded for Henderson and Mariner shortstop Spike Owen, sending Rey Quiñones, Mike Brown, Mike Trujillo, and a player to be named later to Seattle. Henderson was acquired to backup Boston center fielder Tony Armas. At the time of the trade, Henderson was batting .276 with 14 home runs and 44 RBIs, having appeared in 103 games.
Henderson joined the 1986 Red Sox on August 19, and appeared in 36 games over the remainder of the regular season, with just 7 complete games (all in center field). Most of his appearances were as a late-game defensive replacement in center field, or as a pinch hitter – he had only 51 at bats, collecting 10 hits (.196 average) with one home run and three RBIs. The Red Sox finished the season on top of the American League East – 5½ games ahead of the New York Yankees – and would face the winners of the American League West, the then California Angels, in the American League Championship Series (ALCS).
1986 ALCS home run
Henderson is best remembered for the two-out, two-strike home run he hit in the top of the ninth inning in Game 5 of the 1986 ALCS.
At the time, the Angels were playing at home and were ahead in the series 3 games to 1 over the Red Sox. Henderson had appeared in Game 2 and Game 4 as a late-innings defensive replacement for Tony Armas, and was hitless in one at bat. In Game 5, Armas sprained his ankle in the second inning, and was replaced by Henderson, who entered the game to play centerfield in the bottom of the fifth inning. With the Red Sox leading 2–1 in the sixth inning, the Angels had a man on second with two-out, when Bobby Grich hit a deep fly ball that Henderson attempted to catch on the warning track – the ball deflected off his glove and went over the wall, giving Grich a two-run home run. The Angels now had a 3–2 lead, with Henderson the likely scapegoat, should the Red Sox lose the game. Henderson batted in the seventh inning and struck out, while the Angels added two more runs in their half of the seventh.
The Angels had a 5–2 lead going into the ninth inning and were three outs away from their first-ever trip to the World Series, but the Red Sox closed the gap to 5–4 on a two-run home run by Don Baylor. When Henderson stepped to the plate to face reliever Donnie Moore, there were two outs and catcher Rich Gedman was on first after being hit by a pitch. After falling behind in the count 1-2 – the Angels now one strike away from advancing – Henderson took a ball to even the count at 2-2, and fouled off the next two pitches. Then, on Moore's seventh pitch of the at bat, Henderson hit a drive to left that cleared the outfield wall, stunning the Angels and all of Anaheim Stadium. Henderson's blast prompted television broadcast announcer Al Michaels to state, "You’re looking at one for the ages here.”
The Angels tied the game 6–6 in the bottom of the ninth, and the game went into extra innings. In the top of the 11th, the Red Sox loaded the bases with no outs, and Henderson hit a sacrifice fly that Baylor scored on, which put the Red Sox ahead 7–6 and proved to be the margin of victory. Still down 3 games to 2 in the series, the Red Sox returned home to Fenway Park for the final two games, where they defeated the Angels 10–4 and 8–1 to capture the AL pennant. Henderson played center field for both of those games – collecting a walk and a run in each game, but going hitless – as Armas' injury kept him from playing. For the ALCS, Henderson finished 1-for-9 at the plate, with his only hit being the season-saving home run in Game 5.
1986 World Series
Henderson was the Red Sox' centerfielder throughout the 1986 World Series, as Tony Armas was sidelined by the injury he had sustained in the ALCS; Armas made only a single appearance, as a pinch hitter. Henderson hit .400 (10-for-25) in a losing cause, as the Red Sox were defeated by the New York Mets in seven games. Henderson hit two home runs – the first during the Red Sox' 9–3 win in Game 2, and the second came in the 10th inning of Game 6, giving the Red Sox a 4–3 lead in a game they would go on to lose 6–5.
1987 season
Henderson was Boston's starting center fielder for the first month of the 1987 season, and during April he hit .239 (17-for-71, also 18 strikeouts) with 3 home runs and six RBIs. On April 30, the Red Sox called up rookie Ellis Burks from their minor league system, and Burks took over as the regular center fielder. Henderson saw his playing time decrease as he primarily played corner outfield positions, along with pinch hitting. At the end of May he was hitting .240, then he struggled during June, dropping to a .206 average. After having only six at bats in July, he received more playing time in August and raised his season totals to a .234 average with 8 home runs and 25 RBIs, but on September 1 the Red Sox traded him to the San Francisco Giants for a player to be named later (ultimately, Randy Kutcher).
Over parts of two seasons with Boston, Henderson played in 111 regular season games, batting .226 with nine home runs and 28 RBIs.
San Francisco Giants
Henderson spent the final month of the 1987 season with San Francisco, where he appeared in 15 games, batting for a .238 average. While the Giants won the National League West and were in the 1987 National League Championship Series, Henderson was acquired hours past the postseason roster deadline, thus was not eligible to play for the Giants in the playoffs. After the season, Henderson was granted free agency.
Oakland Athletics
1988 season
Henderson signed as a free agent with Oakland before the 1988 season, following his brief stint with the Giants. He was the Athletics' starting center fielder on Opening Day, and appeared in a total of 146 games, including 127 complete games in center field. His performance proved to be one of the season's biggest surprises as he set career highs in batting average (.304), runs (100), hits (154), doubles (38), RBIs (94), and slugging percentage (.525). He also hit 24 home runs, and the Athletics were 23–1 when he homered. Henderson received consideration during AL MVP voting and finished 13th, with the award going to his Athletics teammate Jose Canseco.
The Athletics finished the season with a 104–58 record, and won the American League West by 13 games over the Minnesota Twins. In the 1988 ALCS, the Athletics faced the Red Sox and swept them in four games. Henderson batted 6-for-16 (.375) with one home run and four RBIs during the ALCS. The Athletics advanced to the 1988 World Series where they lost to the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games, including their Game 1 loss on Kirk Gibson's famous home run. Henderson batted 6-for-20 (.300) with one RBI. Overall in the 1988 postseason he batted 12-for-36 (.333) with one home run and five RBIs, and he played center field for all of Oakland's games.
1989 season
In 1989 Henderson was again the team's primary center fielder, playing 134 complete games, and appearing in a total of 152 games during the season. His hitting wasn't as good as the prior year, as he batted .250 (down from .304) and had 131 strikeouts (up from 92). He had 15 home runs and 80 RBIs. The Athletics had a 99–63 record to win the AL West again, finishing 7 games ahead of the Kansas City Royals. In the 1989 ALCS the Athletics beat the Toronto Blue Jays in five games. Henderson hit 5-for-19 (.263) with one home run and one RBI during the ALCS.
Oakland faced the San Francisco Giants in the 1989 World Series and swept them in four games, although those games were played over a period of two weeks due to the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake before the start of Game 3. Henderson hit 4-for-13 (.308) with two home runs and four RBIs during the series. For the 1989 postseason his batting average was .281 (9-for-32) with three home runs and nine RBIs, and he played center field throughout. This championship proved to be the only one of Henderson's MLB career.
1990 season
The 1990 season again found Oakland winning the AL West, this year with a 103–59 record, finishing ahead of the Chicago White Sox by 9 games. Henderson batted .271 with 20 home runs and 63 RBIs, while appearing in 127 games, including 100 complete games in center field. He missed 27 games between August 20 and September 21, due to torn cartilage in his right knee. Oakland met the AL East winning Red Sox in the 1990 ALCS and swept them in four games, as they had done two years prior. Oakland had Willie McGee in center field in the first two games, with Henderson playing the last two games. During those two games, Henderson batted 1-for-6 (.167) with one RBI. Oakland was unable to repeat as champions, being swept in four games by the Cincinnati Reds in the 1990 World Series. Henderson batted 3-for-13 (.231) without a home run or RBI. Oakland used McGee in center field in Game 1, with Henderson playing the other three games. Overall for the postseason, Henderson hit .211 (4-for-19) with one RBI and without a home run.
1991–1993
During the first half of the 1991 season, Henderson hit well, batting .298 with 18 home runs and 50 RBIs, and was selected for the 1991 All-Star Game with over 1.5 million fan votes. He started the All-Star Game for the AL in right field, and was 0-for-2 at the plate before being pinch hit for by Rubén Sierra in the sixth inning. In August, Henderson hit three home runs in a single game, in a losing effort against the Minnesota Twins, with all three coming in consecutive at bats off of starting pitcher David West. Henderson's average dipped in the second half of the season and he finished the year at .276 with 85 RBIs and a career-high 25 home runs. The Athletics finished with an 84–78 record, 4th place in the AL West.
Henderson had problems with a badly strained right hamstring throughout the 1992 season, which limited him to just 20 games played, and caused him to miss 104 consecutive games between May 5 and the start of September. He hit just 9-for-63 (.143) for the season, with 2 RBIs. While Oakland won the AL West (then lost to Toronto in six games in the 1992 ALCS), Henderson was left off of the postseason roster due to his injury.
For the 1993 season, Henderson appeared in 107 games, including 54 complete games in the outfield and 26 starts as designated hitter (DH). He batted .220 with 20 home runs and 53 RBIs. The Athletics finished the season with a 68–94 record, last place in the AL West. After the season ended, Henderson became a free agent.
Overall, Henderson spent six seasons with Oakland, batting .263 with 104 home runs and 377 RBIs. His time with Oakland included the only All-Star Game and the only World Series championship of his career.
Kansas City Royals
Before the start of the 1994 season, Henderson was signed as a free agent by the Kansas City Royals, as the club intended to platoon him with Bob Hamelin. For the first month of the season Henderson was the Royals' regular right fielder, however he only hit 9-for-47 (.191) with 2 home runs and 8 RBIs. Over the coming months he appeared more as DH and was not an everyday player. Through late July he was hitting .247 with 5 home runs at 31 RBIs, having appeared in only 56 of the team's 103 games. Shortly after his 36th birthday, Henderson retired on July 29, 1994, which was his last MLB appearance – against the Minnesota Twins, he played the final two innings of the game as a defensive replacement in left field.
During his 14 MLB seasons, Henderson appeared in 1538 games, batting .258 with 197 home runs and 708 RBIs. Defensively, he played 1,388 games in the outfield (1157 in center field), with a .984 fielding percentage.
Personal life
Henderson was married twice, and had two sons, one of whom is affected by Angelman syndrome, which Henderson worked to raise research funding for. After retiring as a player, Henderson lived in the Seattle area and remained involved in baseball as an agent, broadcaster, and running fantasy camps. He also co-founded a charity that provides Christmas gifts to children. Henderson owned and operated Dave Henderson's Ball Yard in Bellevue, WA during the 1990s.
Broadcasting
From 1997 to 2006, Henderson worked as a color commentator during Mariners radio and television broadcasts. He returned to the Mariners' radio booth during 2011 and 2012 as one of a rotating crew of part-time announcers working with Rick Rizzs who succeeded the deceased Dave Niehaus.
Death
Henderson suffered a heart attack and died at Harborview Medical Center in Seattle on December 27, 2015, approximately two months after having undergone a kidney transplant. | 2ff75bdc-b1a2-4d80-bb35-adea39f3d3c5 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyanggia"} | Extinct genus of dinosaurs
Luoyanggia (meaning "from Luoyang") is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur known from the Early Cretaceous Haoling Formation of the Ruyang Basin in Henan Province, central China. The type species is L. liudianensis. Holtz estimated it at 1.5 meters (5 ft) and around 2.27-9.1 kg (5-20 lbs). Molina-Pérez and Larramendi gave a similar size of 1.2 meters (4 ft) and 8.5 kg (18.7 lbs).
Paleobiology
Non-avian dinosaurs that co-existed with Luoyanggia included Ruyangosaurus, Zhongyuansaurus, Yunmenglong, Xianshanosaurus, and "Huanghetitan" ruyangensis. The type horizon of Luoyanggia was initially thought to date Cenomanian stage of the late Cretaceous period, but extensive fieldwork in the Ruyang Basin and invertebrate and microfossil assemblages indicate an Aptian-Albian age for the Haoling Formation. | 9d7f2fad-6ed1-4333-aaf8-ce0b06226942 |
null | The Journal on Chain and Network Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal, which aims to promote theory and practice in the field of innovation in business chains and networks. It is published by Wageningen Academic Publishers. | 7f554d45-1e60-4c05-8ebb-485af427667a |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Jaar"} | Chilean-American composer and musician
Musical artist
Nicolas Jaar (English: /dʒɑːr/; Spanish: [ˈɟʝaɾ]; Spanish: Nicolás; born January 10, 1990)[failed verification] is a Chilean-American composer and recording artist based in New York. Among his notable works are the albums Space Is Only Noise (2011), Sirens (2016), and Cenizas (2020). He has also released two albums as one half of his band Darkside (Psychic, 2013, Spiral, 2021) and two further albums under the alias Against All Logic.
After folding his record label Clown & Sunset in 2013, Jaar founded Other People and has since released many experimental recordings through the imprint, including works by Lydia Lunch, Pierre Bastien, John Wall and Lucrecia Dalt. He scored Jacques Audiard's Dheepan (2015 Palme d'Or winner) and Pablo Larrain's 2019 film Ema.
Early life
Jaar was born in New York to Chilean parents Evelyne Meynard, a dancer, and Alfredo Jaar, an artist and architect. His mother is ethnically French, while his father has Dutch and Palestinian ancestry; the surname Jaar is said to originate in Bethlehem. After his parents' separation, Jaar moved with his mother to Santiago at the age of three, where he lived until moving back to New York at the age of nine when his parents reconciled. Jaar attended the Lycée Français de New York.
Jaar matriculated at Brown University in 2008; he graduated from Brown in 2012 with a degree in comparative literature.
Career
2007–2011: Beginnings and debut album
In 2007, Jaar met Gadi Mizrahi and Zev Eisenberg who ran the legendary "Marcy" parties in Brooklyn, New York. After hearing his early works, Mizrahi suggested 17 year-old Jaar put a 4/4 kick drum underneath his largely experimental compositions. This was Jaar's first foray into dance music, documented in his first release on Mizrahi's label Wolf + Lamb, entitled The Student. Mizrahi said of Jaar:
"Back then everything D.J.'s were playing was 128 beats per minute. The stuff he was doing was almost half that speed."
Jaar spent the next 4 years in the NY underground dance scene creating rough, hip hop influenced house music, releasing such singles as "Love You Gotta Lose Again" and "Don't Believe the Hype". During this time, Jaar made two songs featuring his vocals in Spanish, "Mi Mujer" and "El Bandido", which he did not originally intend to release as they were made as jokes to make his mother laugh and dance. However, he later chose to release them in 2010 in response to noticing a trend of non-Latin DJs sampling Latin American music without compensation.
He released his debut album, Space Is Only Noise, in January 2011 to critical acclaim and four stars from The Guardian. It was ranked #1 album of the year by Resident Advisor, Mixmag, and Crack Mag. Jaar toured the album with his future bandmate Dave Harrington (later of Darkside) and Will Epstein, and was later voted #1 Live Act on Resident Advisor for the three years he toured the record.
2012–2017: Darkside and Sirens
In 2012, Jaar debuted a live concept called From Scratch, where, in front of a live audience, he sampled records he had bought that day. The first iteration happened in Queens, New York at MOMA PS1; it was a five-hour concert with collaboration from Will Epstein, videographer Ryan Staake, dancer Lizzie Feidelson and singer Sasha Spielberg. He has also performed From Scratch in Boulder, Colorado, and Montréal, Quebec.
On May 18, 2012, Jaar made his BBC Radio 1 Essential Mix debut, which was voted Radio 1's Essential Mix Of The Year of 2012.
On October 4, 2013, Psychic, the debut album from Darkside, Jaar's project with longtime collaborator Dave Harrington, was released to critical acclaim and a 9.0 score on Pitchfork. The band toured the record for the entirety of 2014.
In February 2015, Jaar released an ambient and noise record entitled Pomegranates, which was described as sounding "like broken Middle Eastern instruments half-playing a modal melody amid bursts of hiss". Later that year, Jaar scored the soundtrack to Dheepan, a thriller by French filmmaker Jacques Audiard about a family of Sri Lankan refugees living in the suburbs of Paris. It was the winner of the Palme d'Or at Cannes 2015.
His second studio album, Sirens, was released in September 2016. Rolling Stone named it the #1 Electronic Album of the year. A deluxe version was released in December 2017, containing three new tracks interspersed throughout the album.
2018–present: Against All Logic, return of Darkside
On February 17, 2018, Jaar released his first album under his new alias Against All Logic, titled 2012-2017. The album, released with little warning and no direct references to Jaar's name, received critical acclaim upon its release, including a score of 8.8 and "Best New Music" designation from Pitchfork.
Jaar co-produced most of FKA Twigs's second studio album, Magdalene, released in October 2019.
In 2020, Jaar released three albums; 2017-2019 in February (as Against All Logic), Cenizas in March, and Telas in July.
Nearly eight years after the release of their debut album, Darkside released their second studio album, Spiral, on July 23, 2021 via Matador Records. It received generally favorable reviews.
Other People
Jaar founded New York-based imprint Other People. It has published music from artists such as Lydia Lunch, John Wall, Pierre Bastien, Tomaga, DJ Slugo, William Basinski, VTGNIKE, Nikita Quasim, 12z, Sary Moussa and the Terepa collective, which consists of such artists as Kouhei Matsunaga, Laurel Halo, Lucrecia Dalt, Charlotte Collin, and Julia Holter. Other People has also featured the visual & audio work of artists Africanus Okokon and Maziyar Pahlevan.
In 2016, Other People launched THE NETWORK, a web of 111 fictional radio stations done in collaboration with visual artists Jena Myung and Maziyar Pahlevan. In 2017, THE NETWORK became a book, published by PRINTED MATTER in NY.
Discography
Against All Logic
Awards and nominations | 76dc04c0-e84a-4ec8-9c59-c1b4807e3ac3 |
null | Musical artist
Martin Sturfält (born 1979 in Katrineholm) is a Swedish classical pianist.
Biography
Martin studied at the Stockholm Royal College of Music and at the Guildhall School of Music & Drama in London. His principal teachers were Esther Bodin-Karpe and Stefan Bojsten in Stockholm, and Paul Roberts and Ronan O’Hora in London.
Martin began giving regular concerts at the age of 11, and has since performed throughout Scandinavia, UK and the rest of Europe, as well as in Asia and the USA.
Martin has appeared with the Hallé Orchestra, the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic and the Swedish Radio Symphony, collaborating with conductors such as Sir Mark Elder, Andrew Manze and Alexander Vedernikov.
Discography
2008: Stenhammar: Piano Music
2012: Wiklund: Piano Concertos
Reviews | bb7bac1b-b150-41bf-99ee-d4081e9ff3e9 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopala_Krishnudu"} | 1982 Indian film
Gopala Krishnudu is a 1982 Telugu-language drama film, produced by Bhimavarapu Bhuchchi Reddy under the Jyothi Art Creations banner and directed by A. Kodandarami Reddy. It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Jayasudha, Radha (in her Telugu debut). and music composed by Chakravarthy. The film was a remake of Tamil film Keezh Vaanam Sivakkum, starring Sivaji Ganesan.
Plot
The film begins with a tomcat Gopala Krishna who spends his life frolicking. Gopi is the son of Dr. Murthy an eye specialist who is unaware of his son's vices. Once Gopi gets acquainted with a beautiful girl Sujatha and tries to trap her but she does not yield. Surprisingly, she turns as the daughter of Murthy's sister Kousalya who separated from him years ago. Before dying, she entrusts Sujatha's responsibility to her brother. After reaching Murthy's house, Sujatha realizes Gopi is her cousin, so, they make a play, Sujatha reforms Gopi by marrying him and the couple leads a joyful life. Soon after, a blind girl Radha enters their life through Dr. Murthy requesting him to get back her eyesight to take revenge against the person who deceived her. Unfortunately, he is none other than Gopi. At present, Murthy makes arrangements for Radha's operation and also gives her shelter. Eventually, Sujatha & Radha become good friends. At the same time, Sujatha is diagnosed with liver cancer and is terminally ill. Listening to it, Gopi collapses also shocks spotting Radha and tries to avoid but she recognizes him. Immediately, she hits Murthy for the truth then he confesses that guilty is punished by explaining Sujatha's condition. Here Sujatha overhears their conversation. Finally, the movie ends with Sujatha uniting Gopi & Radha and breathing her last happily by donating her eyes to Radha.
Cast
Crew
Soundtrack
Music composed by Chakravarthy. Lyrics were written by Veturi. | 80a92c30-bbc1-4094-8f62-d5d03dc6e516 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzali_Reshef"} | Israeli politician
Betzalel "Tzali" Reshef (Hebrew: בצלאל "צלי" רשף, born 23 June 1953) is a former Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party between August 2002 and February 2003.
Biography
Reshef obtained a bachelor's degree in law and economics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and a master's degree in law from Harvard University. He then began working as an attorney.
One of the founders of Peace Now, he authored a book on the organisation in 1996 entitled Peace Now: From the Officers' Letter to the Peace Now.
Prior to the 1999 elections he was placed 35th on the One Israel list (an alliance of Labor, Meimad and Gesher), but failed to become a Knesset member as the alliance won only 26 seats. Although he entered the Knesset on 21 August 2002 as a replacement for Ra'anan Cohen, he did not contest the 2003 elections and lost his seat.
He was placed ninth on the Meretz list for the 2009 elections, but the party won only three seats.
He was a co-host, along with Geulah Cohen, of a radio show on Reshet Bet. | 088c10f2-0a53-4e18-99f5-a77b31f4ea84 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_FIBA_Under-19_World_Championship_for_Women"} | The 2013 FIBA Under-19 World Championship for Women (Lithuanian:2013 m. FIBA iki 19 metų pasaulio moterų čempionatas)was hosted by Lithuania from July 18 until July 28, 2013.
The United States won their fifth straight and sixth overall title by defeating France 69–63 in the final.
Format
Teams played a round robin in the preliminary round, with the top three teams advancing to the main round. The teams played against the teams from the other groups. The top four teams advanced to the knockout stage.
Qualified teams
Group stage
The draw for the tournament was held on 17 January 2013 in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Classification Round
13th–16th place
Eighth-final round
Group E
Group F
Knockout stage
Bracket
5th place bracket
9th place bracket
Quarterfinals
Classification 9–12
Classification 5–8
Semifinals
Eleventh place game
Ninth place game
Seventh place game
Fifth place game
Bronze medal game
Final
Statistical leaders
Final standings
Awards
All-Tournament Team
Referees
FIBA named 25 referees that officiated at the tournament. | 1d5b79f5-f81a-412a-8ab6-e524487d46de |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kloss"} | American audio engineer and entrepreneur
Henry Kloss (February 21, 1929 – January 31, 2002) was a prominent American audio engineer and entrepreneur who helped advance high fidelity loudspeaker and radio receiver technology beginning in the 1950s. Kloss (pronounced with a long o, like "close") was an undergraduate student in physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (class of 1953), but never received a degree. He was responsible for a number of innovations, including, in part, the acoustic suspension loudspeaker and the high fidelity cassette deck. In 2000, Kloss was one of the first inductees into the Consumer Electronics Association's Hall of Fame. He earned an Emmy Award for his development of a projection television system, the Advent VideoBeam 1000.
Career
During the course of his half-century career, Kloss founded or co-founded several significant audio and video equipment manufacturing companies, most of which were located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at least during the period he was directly associated with them.
After entering MIT in 1948, Kloss bought woodworking tools which he used to make enclosures for a speaker designed by an MIT professor[who?] and his student. Henry dropped out of MIT after being drafted. He was assigned to work in New Jersey, and took a night course in high fidelity taught by Edgar Villchur at New York University.
Kloss was an early adopter of new technology, including the transistor, Dolby noise reduction, and chromium dioxide magnetic recording tape.
Kloss Industries
In the early 1950s, Kloss built (but did not design) the Baruch-Lang speaker in his loft in Cambridge while he was a student at MIT. This corner speaker had four 5" drivers ("and 15 holes"), and sold for $25 (or $30 for the Deluxe Model "with a handsome frame and grill cloth").[citation needed]
Acoustic Research
Kloss co-founded Acoustic Research, Inc. (AR) with Edgar Villchur in the summer of 1954. Villchur, a former teacher of Kloss, had designed what he called the "acoustic suspension" loudspeaker, an elegant solution to the problem of bass harmonic distortion. Villchur had written and was awarded a patent for the acoustic-suspension loudspeaker system [US Patent No. 2,775,309, December 15, 1956], and had built a prototype of the design at his home in Woodstock, New York. Villchur had tried to sell the patent to both Altec Lansing and Bozak, manufacturers of large speakers at the time, but neither company was interested. Altec told Villchur, "if something like what you describe was possible, our engineers would have already discovered it".[citation needed]
After class one afternoon in the spring of 1954, Villchur and Kloss rode from New York City to Woodstock in Villchur's 1938 Buick, to allow Kloss to hear the prototype. After this, they jointly decided to manufacture the new speaker design which became known as the "AR-1", the first commercial acoustic-suspension loudspeaker system. Villchur was 100% responsible for the design and patent of the system; Kloss was responsible for perhaps 75% of the mechanical design of the speaker cabinet and system.
KLH (KLH Research and Development Corporation)
Kloss began his custom of eponymous products by lending his last name's initial to KLH as a founder in 1957, along with Malcolm Low and J. Anton Hofmann (son of pianist Józef Hofmann), who had also been investors in AR. At Cambridge-based KLH, Kloss continued to build speakers such as the classic KLH Model Five and Six, and produced one of the first small FM radios with high selectivity, the Model Eight. The KLH Nine was the world's first full range (flat from 40 Hz - 20 kHz) electrostatic loudspeaker (1960). The tweeter was mounted near the middle, with ten woofer panels occupying the remaining area. Prototypes were completed at JansZen Laboratory and put into field tests starting in 1957, and once perfected, the speakers were put into production at KLH.
Though KLH was sold to the Singer Corporation in 1964, Kloss remained at the firm for a short time to assist in the development of additional speakers and electronic music products, and the firm continued to attract design and engineering talent. Kloss created the first transistorized record player, the KLH Model Eleven. In 1967, he collaborated with Ray Dolby of Dolby Laboratories to develop the lower-cost "B" version of the Dolby noise reduction system to reduce tape hiss. This resulted in the KLH Model Forty reel-to-reel tape recorder, the first appearance of Dolby technology in the consumer product market.
By 1967, Kloss had left KLH; it was eventually sold to the Japanese firm Kyocera, and production was shifted overseas. By 1979, nearly all of the original design and engineering team had left the company.
Advent Corporation
Kloss founded Advent Corporation in 1967. Around 1968, Kloss had quit KLH to develop a low-cost projection television, but had trouble financing the leading-edge research and development that was still required. To earn some money, he decided to build a high-performance, low-cost, dual-driver speaker system, "The Advent Loudspeaker". A still lower-cost speaker of similar design, "The Smaller Advent Loudspeaker", was released later.
Advent designed and produced the Advent 201, the first high-fidelity cassette tape player and recorder incorporating Dolby B noise reduction. The new tape recorder had a plain, prosaic appearance that downplayed its revolutionary design and capabilities. A later incrementally-improved model, the Advent 201A, featured new Sendust tape heads which were more resistant than standard permalloy heads to abrasion from high-performance chromium dioxide coated tapes.
In 1972, the Advent VideoBeam 1000 was finally released, the first large screen projection television for home use.
Kloss Video Corporation
In 1977, Kloss founded Kloss Video Corporation (KVC) as a spin-off company. He invented the Novatron tube there, which increased the efficiency of projection TVs.[citation needed] Having pioneered large-screen video projection systems, Kloss found himself undercut by lower-cost models from Japan, and he eventually shut down his company.
Cambridge SoundWorks
Cambridge SoundWorks was founded by Kloss and Tom DeVesto in 1988. That company was quite successful, producing dozens of different models of speakers. They also produced table radios and high quality speaker systems for computers. Kloss left Cambridge SoundWorks in 1997, and the company became a subsidiary of Creative Technology.
Tivoli Audio
Former Cambridge SoundWorks co-founder Tom DeVesto founded Tivoli Audio in 2000 to sell a new table radio which Kloss designed after a brief retirement. Tivoli made the Model One (mono) and Model Two (stereo) table radios using MOSFET technology to increase selectivity; both radios have a classic appearance similar in appearance to Kloss' KLH Model Eight radio. The high-quality tuner combined with a good speaker arrangement led some reviewers to call these modern radios "Bose killers". However, the Cambridge SoundWorks Model 88 had used some similar technology, leading to a lawsuit between Cambridge Soundworks and Tivoli Audio.
Design and marketing philosophy
Very early in his career, Kloss decided to concentrate on designing audiovisual equipment which combined high quality, often with leading-edge consumer technology, with moderate pricing. The external appearance of his products was strongly influenced by the minimalist Bauhaus esthetic style.
In his marketing and advertising, he emphasized both the high performance and the moderate cost of his products. To keep prices low, he often sold products via mail order, with generous trial period and return policies.
Personal life
Kloss was sometimes seen riding an old bicycle on the streets of Cambridge, or driving an old but durable car. He usually dressed informally in well-worn clothes, and had a direct, pragmatic approach to problem-solving. Old customers would sometimes drop by his house looking for long-discontinued replacement parts, which Kloss would obligingly retrieve from the basement. His offices were cluttered with equipment and circuit boards, and he wore his gray hair pulled back out of the way in a ponytail.
He died suddenly of a subdural hematoma on January 31, 2002. He was survived by a son, two daughters, and seven grandchildren. | 2f75e41d-910f-4aa7-bc64-034cc8aa1680 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juxtaglomerular_apparatus"} | Structure that regulates function of each nephron
The juxtaglomerular apparatus (also known as the juxtaglomerular complex) is a structure in the kidney that regulates the function of each nephron, the functional units of the kidney. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named because it is next to (juxta-) the glomerulus.
The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of three types of cells:
Location
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is part of the kidney nephron, next to the glomerulus. It is found between afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate.
Function
Juxtaglomerular cells
Renin is produced by juxtaglomerular cells, also known as granular cells. These cells are similar to epithelium and are located in the tunica media of the afferent arterioles as they enter the glomeruli. The juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin in response to:
Extraglomerular mesangial cells
Extraglomerular mesangial cells are located in the junction between the afferent and efferent arterioles. These cells have a contractile property similar to vascular smooth muscles and thus play a role in “regulating GFR” by altering the vessel diameter. Renin is also found in these cells.
Macula densa
At the point where the afferent arterioles enter the glomerulus and the efferent arteriole leaves it, the tubule of the nephron touches the arterioles of the glomerulus from which it arose. At this location, in the wall of the distal convoluted tubule, there is a modified region of tubular epithelium called the macula densa. Cells in the macula densa respond to changes in the sodium chloride levels in the distal tubule of the nephron via the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) loop.
The macula densa's detection of elevated sodium chloride, which leads to a decrease in GFR, is based on the concept of purinergic signaling. An increase in the salt concentration causes several cell signals (e.g. adenosine release) that leads to constriction of the adjacent afferent arteriole. This decreases the amount of blood coming from the afferent arterioles to the glomerular capillaries, and therefore decreases the amount of fluid that goes from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's space (the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)).
When there is a decrease in the sodium concentration, less sodium is reabsorbed in the macular densa cells. The cells increase the production of nitric oxide and Prostaglandins to vasodilate the afferent arterioles and increase renin release.
See Also: TGF mechanism.
Clinical significance
Excess secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular cells can lead to excess activity of the renin–angiotensin system, hypertension and an increase in blood volume. This is not responsive to the usual treatment for essential hypertension, namely medications and lifestyle modification.
One cause of this can be increased renin production due to narrowing of the renal artery, or a juxtaglomerular cell tumor that produces renin. These will lead to secondary hyperaldosteronism, which will cause hypertension, high blood sodium, low blood potassium, and metabolic alkalosis.[citation needed] | b16fa15b-0302-4f7a-876b-6b49497a12e6 |
null | Rick Schnall (born 1970) is an American businessman, partner in private equity firm Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, and minority owner of the Atlanta Hawks.
Biography
Born to a Jewish family, Schnall is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and the Harvard Business School. After school, he worked for Smith Barney and Donaldson Lufkin & Jenrette. In 1996, he joined Clayton, Dubilier & Rice eventually reaching partner where was responsible for the acquisition and sales. His uncle is Carl Icahn.
Atlanta Hawks
In 2015, Schnall was part of a group led by Tony Ressler along with Grant Hill, Sarah Blakely, Jesse Itzler, and Steven Price, that successfully purchased the Atlanta Hawks for $850 million.
Schnall lives in New York. | 0c6e2bfd-6051-4fd3-af1c-ca26f4bfb61e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagiman_language"} | Indigenous Australian language
Wagiman, also spelt Wageman, Wakiman, Wogeman, and other variants, is a near-extinct Aboriginal Australian language spoken by a small number of Wagiman people in and around Pine Creek, in the Katherine Region of the Northern Territory.
The Wagiman language is notable within linguistics for its complex system of verbal morphology, which remains under-investigated, its possession of a cross-linguistically rare part of speech called a coverb, its complex predicates and for its ability to productively verbalise coverbs.
As of 1999 Wagiman was expected to become extinct within the next generation, as the youngest generation spoke no Wagiman and understood very little. The 2011 Australian census recorded 30 speakers, while the 2016 Australian census recorded 18 speakers.
Language and speakers
Relation with other languages
Wagiman is a language isolate within the hypothetical Australian language family. It was once assumed to be a member of the adjacent Gunwinyguan family that stretches from Arnhem Land, throughout Kakadu National Park and south to Katherine, but this has since been rejected. Wagiman may still bear a remote relation with its neighbouring languages but this is yet to be demonstrated.
Francesca Merlan believes that Wagiman may be distantly related to the Yangmanic languages, citing that they both use verbal particles in a similar way, to the exclusion of neighbouring languages (such as Jawoyn and Mangarrayi). Stephen Wilson additionally notes some other similarities, such as in the pronominal prefixes and the marking of non-case-marked nominals. However both languages have a very low cognacy rate (shared vocabulary) of about 10%. Wagiman is also superficially similar to the neighbouring Gunwinyguan languages phonologically (both share a fortis/lenis stop contrast and a phonemic glottal stop) and to the Mirndi language Jaminjung-Ngaliwurru in the use of coverbs. Mark Harvey notes similarities in the verbal inflectional systems between Wagiman and the neighbouring Eastern Daly languages.
Speakers
Wagiman is the ancestral language of the Wagiman people, Aboriginal Australians whose traditional land, before colonisation, extended for hundreds of square kilometres from the Stuart Highway, throughout the Mid-Daly Basin, and across the Daly River. The land is highly fertile and well-watered, and contains a number of cattle stations, on which many members of the ethnic group used to work. These stations include Claravale, Dorisvale, Jindare, Oolloo and Douglas.
The language region borders Waray to the north, Mayali (Kunwinjku) and Jawoyn on the east, Wardaman and Jaminjung on the south, and Murrinh-Patha, Ngan'giwumirri and Malak Malak on the west. Before colonisation, the lands surrounding Pine Creek, extending north to Brock's Creek, were traditionally associated with another language group that is now extinct, believed to have been Wulwulam.
The dominant language of the region is Mayali, a dialect of Bininj Kunwok traditionally associated with the region surrounding Maningrida, in Western Arnhem Land. As it is a strong language with hundreds of speakers and a high rate of child acquisition, members of the Wagiman ethnic group gradually ceased teaching the Wagiman language to their children. As a result, many Wagiman people speak Mayali, while only a handful of elders continue to speak Wagiman.[citation needed]
In 1987 it was found that adults in the community understood the Wagiman language to a certain extent or knew only a few basic words, but speak Daly River Kriol as their daily language. The youngest generation understood very little Wagiman and spoke none. As of 1999 Wagiman was expected to become extinct within the next generation, as the youngest generation spoke no Wagiman and understood very little. In 2005 only 10 speakers were recorded, but the 2011 Australian census recorded 30 speakers, with the 2016 Australian census recording 18 speakers.
Apart from Mayali, Kriol, a creole language based on the vocabulary of English, is the lingua franca of the area. The Wagiman people are also partial speakers of a number of other languages, including Jaminjung, Wardaman and Dagoman.[citation needed]
Dialects
Wagiman speakers are conscious of a distinction between two dialects of Wagiman, which they refer to as matjjin norohma 'light language' and matjjin gunawutjjan 'heavy language'. The differences are minor and speakers have no difficulty understanding one another.
Wagiman grammar
All grammatical information from Wilson, S. (1999) unless otherwise noted.
Parts of speech
The three most important parts of speech in Wagiman are verbs, coverbs and nominals. Apart from these, there are a multitude of verbal and nominal affixes, interjections and other particles. Pronouns class with nominals.
Nominals
Like many Australian languages, Wagiman does not categorically distinguish nouns from adjectives. These form one word class that is called nominals. Wagiman nominals take case suffixes (see below) that denote their grammatical or semantic role in the sentence. The grammatical cases are ergative and absolutive, and the semantic cases include instrumental (using), allative (towards), ablative (from), locative (at), comitative (with, having), privative (without, lacking), temporal (at the time of) and semblative (resembling). The dative case can be either grammatical or semantic, depending on the syntactic requirements of the verb.
Demonstratives are similarly considered nominals in Wagiman, and take the same case suffixes depending on their semantic and syntactic roles; their function within the sentence. That is, the demonstrative mahan 'this', or 'here' (root: mayh-), may take case just like any other nominal.
Examples of nominals
Pronouns
Pronouns are typologically nominals also, yet their morphosyntactic alignment is nominative–accusative rather than ergative–absolutive.
The 3rd person singular and plural nominative forms, ngonggega and bogo, are labeled 'rare' because they are gradually becoming disused. Speakers prefer to use non-personal pronouns such as gayh- 'that' or gayh-gorden 'those'. Moreover, since the person and number of the subject is contained in the prefix of the verb, nominative free pronouns are often dropped.
Tripartite alignment
While the nominal case system distinguishes the ergative case from absolutive, the free pronouns distinguish nominative from accusative, as shown above. However, they inflect for ergative case as well, resulting in a tripartite case system, as in the following:
ngagun-yi
1SG.NOM-ERG
ngonggo
2SG.ACC
ngany-bu-ng
1sgA.2sgO-hit-PFV
ngagun-yi ngonggo ngany-bu-ng
1SG.NOM-ERG 2SG.ACC 1sgA.2sgO-hit-PFV
'I hit you.'
The nominative pronoun root in this instance, ngagun 'I', takes the ergative case suffix -yi to denote the fact that it is the agent of a transitive clause. Conversely, the same pronoun does not take the ergative case when acting as the argument of an intransitive clause:
ngagun
1SG.NOM
maman
good
nga-yu
1SG-be.PRS
ngagun maman nga-yu
1SG.NOM good 1SG-be.PRS
'I am good.'
The accusative pronouns on the other hand, may be accusative or dative, depending on the syntactic requirements of the verb. In the traditional terminology, these pronouns can be either direct or indirect objects.
ngagun-yi
1SG.NOM-ERG
nga-nanda-yi
1sgA.3sgO-see-PST
nung
3SG.ACC
ngagun-yi nga-nanda-yi nung
1SG.NOM-ERG 1sgA.3sgO-see-PST 3SG.ACC
'I saw him/her.'
nga-nawu-ndi
1sgA.3sgO-give-PST
wahan
water
nung
3SG.ACC
nga-nawu-ndi wahan nung
1sgA.3sgO-give-PST water 3SG.ACC
'I gave the water to him/her.'
For these reasons, the pronouns are also labeled base for nominative–ergative pronouns, and oblique for accusative–dative pronouns.
Genitive pronouns
In the table above, genitive pronouns all end with -gin, which is separated orthographically by a hyphen that normally divides morphemes. The -gin form here is not a separate morpheme and cannot be lexically segmented; there is no such word as nganing that would be formed by removing -gin from nganing-gin 'my/mine'. The fact that the genitive forms have regular endings across the entire pronoun paradigm may have been a historical accident.
This cannot be a nominal suffix like those listed above, since it may not attach to other nominals (*warren-gin lari 'the child's hand', but warren-gu lari 'the child's hand'). Furthermore, the genitive pronouns may take a further case suffix, as in the example:
goron
house
nganing-gin-ba
my-ALL
goron nganing-gin-ba
house my-ALL
'To my house.'
This would be prohibited by the restriction against case stacking in Wagiman if the genitive -gin were a case suffix.
Verbs
Verbs are a class of word in Wagiman which contains fewer than 50 members. As it is a closed class, no more verbs are possible. They are often monosyllabic verb roots and all are vowel-final. Wagiman verbs obligatorily inflect for person and number of core arguments, and for the tense and aspect of the clause. A small set of verbs may take a non-finite suffix -yh, in which it may not be further inflected for person or tense. That non-finite verb must then co-occur with another auxiliary verb.
Examples of verbs
Each verb is listed with its past tense marker, which is the second morpheme. Pronunciation given where appropriate.
Coverbs
There are so far over 500 recorded coverbs in Wagiman, and more are discovered with continuing research. Compared with verbs, coverbs are far more numerous and far more semantically rich. Verbs express simple, broad meanings such as yu- 'be', ya- 'go' and di- 'come', while coverbs convey more specific, semantically narrow meanings such as barnhbarn-na 'make footprints', lerdongh-nga 'play (a didgeridoo)' or murr-ma 'wade through shallow water using your feet to search for something'.
Coverbs however, cannot inflect for person and cannot, in themselves, head finite clauses. If they are to act as the head of a clause, they must combine with a verb, thereby forming a bipartite verbal compound, commonly called a complex predicate.
Examples of coverbs
Each is listed with the -ma suffix (or its allomorph), which signals aspectual unmarkedness.
Phonology and orthography
The Wagiman phonemic inventory is quite typical for a northern Australian language. It has six places of articulation with a stop and a nasal in each. There are also a number of laterals and approximants, a trill and a phonemic glottal stop (represented in the orthography by 'h'). Wagiman also has a vowel inventory that is standard for the north of Australia, with a system of five vowels.
Consonants
Stops that are fortis (or 'strong') are differentiated from those that are lenis (or 'weak') on the basis of length of closure, as opposed to the voice onset time (VOT), the period after the release of the stop before the commencement of vocal fold activity (or voice) which normally differentiates fortis and lenis stops in English and most other languages.
Lenis stops in Wagiman sound like English voiced stops and are therefore written using the Roman alphabet letters b, d and g. Fortis stops, however, sound more like voiceless stops in English, but are slightly longer than lenis stops. They are written with two voiceless letters, pp, tt and kk when they occur between two vowels.
Since the length of closure is defined in terms of time between the closure of the vocal tract after the preceding vowel, and the release before the following vowel, stops at the beginning or end of a word do not have a fortis-lenis contrast. Orthographically in Wagiman, word-initial stops are written using the voiced Roman letters (b, d and g), but at the end of a word, voiceless letters (p, t and k) are used instead.
Vowels
As with many languages of the top-end, Wagiman has a standard five-vowel system. However, a system of vowel harmony indicates that two sets of vowels are closely associated with each other. [ɛ] aligns closely with [ɪ] and similarly, [ɔ] merges with [ʊ].
In this respect, it is possible to analyse Wagiman's vowel inventory as historically deriving from a three-vowel system common among the languages from further south, but with the phonetic influence of a typically northern five-vowel system.
Phonotactics
Each syllable of Wagiman contains an onset, a nucleus and an optional coda. This may be generalised to the syllable template CV(C). The coda may consist of any single consonant, a continuant and a glottal stop, or an approximant and any stop.
At the word level, Wagiman has a bimoraic minimum, meaning that if a word consists of a single syllable, it must have either a long vowel or a coda. Examples of monosyllabic words in Wagiman include yow [jɒʊ] 'yes', or jamh [ɟʌmʔ] 'eat.PERF'.
The retroflex approximant 'r' [ɻ] is not permitted word-initially and instead becomes a lateral 'l'. This only affects verb roots, as they are the only part of speech that takes prefixes and are therefore the only possible part of speech for which word-initial and word-medial environmental effects can be observed.
The verb ra-ndi 'throw', for instance, surfaces as la-ndi when inflected for third-person singular subjects (he/she/it), which are realised by invisible, or null morphemes. but as nga-ra-ndi when inflected for a first-person singular subject (I). When preceded by a syllable with a coda, the 'r' similarly moves to 'l', as in ngan-la-ndi 'he/she/it threw you'. In short, the retroflex approximant 'r' [ɻ] is only realised as 'r' when it occurs between two vowels. Elsewhere, it becomes a lateral approximant 'l'.
Heterorganic clusters
Consonant clusters across syllable boundaries do not assimilate for place in Wagiman as they do in many other languages. This means that a nasal in a syllable coda will not move to the position of the following syllable onset for ease of enunciation. In English and most other Indo-European languages with the exception of Russian, this movement occurs regularly, such that the prefix in-, for example, changes to im- when it precedes either a p, a b or an m.
in + possible → impossible
in + balance → imbalance
in + material → immaterial
Wagiman does not do this. A nasal in a coda retains its position regardless of the following consonant:
manyngardal 'tongue' [maɲŋaɖaɫ]
binkan 'bream' (fish spec.) [bɪnɡan]
ngan-bu-ni 's/he hit me' [ŋanbʊnɪ]
If Wagiman constrained against heterorganic clusters and assimilated them for place, as English does, these words would surface as [maŋŋaɖaɫ], [bɪŋɡan], and [ŋambʊnɪ].
Vowel harmony
High vowels assimilate in height to following mid vowels across syllable boundaries. That is, [ɪ] will become [ɛ], and [ʊ] will become [ɔ], when the following syllable contains a mid vowel; either [ɛ] or [ɔ].
mi- (2sg.IMP) and -ge ('put'), becomes mege 'you go and put it'.
mu- (2pl.IMP) and -yobe ('stay'), becomes moyobe 'you lot stay'.
Wagiman vowel harmony and other aspects of Wagiman phonotactics require further investigation. It is not known, for instance, whether vowel harmony equally affects unstressed syllables.
Syntax
Wagiman is a prefixing language, which, in the context of typology of Australian languages, may refer to its genealogical classification as well as its syntactic properties. Wagiman, along with other Gunwinyguan languages, inflects verbs for person and number of the subject obligatorily, and optionally for the object. In this respect Wagiman displays characteristics of a head-marking language. However, Wagiman also behaves as a dependent-marking language, in that nominals are case marked as to their grammatical or semantic roles, such as ergative (the subject of a transitive clause) or absolutive (the object of a transitive clause or the subject of an intransitive clause).
Morphology
Wagiman is a morphologically rich language and each part of speech has its own set of associated bound morphemes, some of which are obligatory, while others are optional.
Verbs
The verbal prefix contains information about the person and number of the subject, sometimes also the person and number of the object, as well as obligatory information about the tense of the clause. Furthermore, a verbal suffix conveys further information regarding tense and aspect. While only a small number of tense and aspect affixes exist, the interplay between those in the verbal prefix and in the suffix, can generate more highly specified temporal and aspectual clauses.
Further to these affixes, verbs may be marked for the number of the subject, be it dual or plural, and also for clusivity; whether the listener is included in the described event (inclusive) or is excluded from the event (exclusive).
The verbal morphology of tense suffixes in Wagiman is irregular. Of the small inventory of inflecting verbs, many have their own unique tense suffixes, while other tense suffixes are common to several verbs, and while some rudimentary verb classes can be identified - stance verbs always take the past tense suffix -nginy /ŋɪɲ/, for instance - the tense suffixes must be learned for each individual verb.
The prefixes on the other hand, are regular for each verb, although the complete paradigm of verb prefixes is highly complex. They encode three variables: person, number and tense, and are only segmentable in a few cases; one prefix cannot be separated into the three parts. Ngani- for example, encodes second-person singular agent ('you'), first-person singular patient/undergoer ('me') as well as past tense.
ngani-bu-ng
2sgA.1sgO.PST-hit-PFV
ngani-bu-ng
2sgA.1sgO.PST-hit-PFV
'You hit me.'
Nominals
Nominal morphology is significantly less complex than that of the verb. There are a number of case suffixes, denoting ergative, absolutive, dative, allative, locative, ablative, semblative, temporal, instrumental and so on.
Apart from the grammatical cases, ergative and absolutive, which are necessary to construct meaningful sentences, an entire range of semantic cases occur with very high frequency, even when their meaning can be expressed without using case. In the following examples, the former, in which no case is used, is far less common than the latter:
wuji
NEG
nga-nga-gondo-n
IRR-1SG-have-PRS
garradin
money
wuji nga-nga-gondo-n garradin
NEG IRR-1SG-have-PRS money
'I don't have any money.'
garrad-nehen
money-PRIV
nga-yu
1SG.PRS-be
garrad-nehen nga-yu
money-PRIV 1SG.PRS-be
'I am without money.' or 'I am penniless.'
There are also some bound particles, which appear to function in much the same syntactic manner as cases, but which are not considered 'case', for theoretical reasons. -binyju /bɪɲɟʊ/ 'only' is one of these nominal particles, as in:
gubiji-binyju
bone-only
bula-ndi
3SG.leave-PST
gubiji-binyju bula-ndi
bone-only 3SG.leave-PST
'S/he left only the bones.'
Nominals are also marked for number with a suffix that adjoins directly to the root, inside the case suffix. -giwu 'two', for example, would attach to the nominal root before the case, as in:
lamarra-giwu-yi
dog-two-ERG
nganba-badi-na
3plA.1sgO-bite-PST
lamarra-giwu-yi nganba-badi-na
dog-two-ERG 3plA.1sgO-bite-PST
'the two dogs bit me.'
As cases cannot be stacked in Wagiman, these number suffixes cannot be called case suffixes, whereas the nominal suffixes discussed above (such as -binyju 'only'), show the same syntactic distribution - they occur in the same place - and therefore may be analysed as cases themselves.
Coverbs
Coverbs also have their own set of inflectional morphemes, such as aspect, but may also take semantic case suffixes (all those listed above except for ergative and absolutive). For instance, a coverb may take the dative case to convey intention, or purpose, as in:
liri-ma-gu
swim-ASP-DAT
liri-ma-gu
swim-ASP-DAT
'for swimming'
Coverbs are categorially differentiated from nominals though, in that a nominal may not take the aspectual suffixes that a coverb obligatorily takes.
The morpheme that is glossed as aspect in the above example, referred to in the literature as the -ma suffix, denotes aspectual unmarkedness. Its absence signifies perfective aspect, and it may be further suffixed with -yan, producing -ma-yan, to denote continuous or imperfective aspect.
The -ma suffix exhibits regular allomorphy; it assimilates in place and manner of articulation to any preceding obstruent or nasal, but not to any preceding lateral, rhotic or approximant. That is, it remains -ma following vowels, or following the consonants [r], [l], [w] and [j], but when it follows [p], for instance, it assimilates in manner and place, and becomes /-pa/, as in dup-pa 'sit'.
The inclusion of the glottal stop in certain words, is ineffective to the surface realisation of the -ma suffix; it will change, or remain unchanged, according to whichever segment precedes the glottal stop, as in:
Cross-linguistically, the-ma suffix may be related to a coverbial suffix in Jaminjung, a language in which coverb roots occur without any aspect markers, but are then suffixed with -mayan, which marks continuous aspect. This coverb suffix bears a striking resemblance to the sum of the Wagiman -ma suffix and the continuous aspect suffix -yan, which always occur in tandem on coverbs. Together, -ma and -yan perform the same semantic function as Jaminjung -mayan. Precisely what the relationship holds between these suffixes; whether one language borrowed from the other, or whether each language inherited them from earlier languages, is not at all clear.
Reduplication
Further to derivational and inflectional morphemes, Wagiman coverbs and nominals often undergo reduplication, whereby a part, or often the entirety of the root, is repeated. Reduplication can convey a multitude of meanings. When coverbs are reduplicated, the resulting derived coverb may involve added meaning components such as iterativity, duration or habituality.
dabulp-pa
smoke-ASP
ga-ya
3SG.PRS.go
nu-naw-ma
lots
dabulp-pa ga-ya nu-naw-ma
smoke-ASP 3SG.PRS.go lots
'S/he smokes lots.'
dabuldabulp
smoke.RDP
ga-ya
3SG.PRS.go
dabuldabulp ga-ya
smoke.RDP 3SG.PRS.go
'S/he smokes all the time.'
When nominals are derived by reduplication, the added meaning is usually one of plurality. However, since both a dual and a plural nominal suffix exist, -giwu and -guju respectively, nominal reduplication is rare.
Complex predicates
A complex predicate is the combination of more than one element, more than one individual word, to convey the information involved in a single event. For instance, the event swim is conveyed in Wagiman using a combination of a verb ya- 'go' and a coverb liri-ma 'swimming'. There is no verb in Wagiman that, on its own, conveys the event of swimming.
Bipartite verbal compounds such as these are not peculiar to any language in particular. They are in fact very common, and may even occur in every language, albeit with varying frequency. English has a number of complex predicates, include go sightseeing, have breakfast and take (a) bath. The event described by go sightseeing is unable to be described using a single verb sightsee; inflections like sightsaw and sightseen are ungrammatical. An event like take (a) bath, however, may be described by a single verb bathe, but it arguably has a slightly different meaning. Take (a) bath, in any case, is far more common.
Verbalisation
Wagiman is differentiated from other Australian languages in that it has a regular and productive process of verbalisation, whereby coverbs can become verbs and act as the independent head of a clause. Despite being fully productive, meaning that all coverbs may undergo verbalisation, in practice only a handful of coverbs are commonly verbalised. The process appears to be unique to Wagiman within Australian languages.
Verbalisation involves re-analysing the entire coverb - including its suffix -ma, which serves merely to indicate that it is unmarked for aspect - as a verb root, and then to apply the usual obligatory verbal inflection affixes for person, number and tense. As there is no discrete morpheme that serves as a 'verbaliser', the process is one of conversion. | 94acf46d-4ac7-4472-86bc-4d85aea1a8cd |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Bekker"} | South African boxer
Daniel "Daan" Wepener Bekker (9 February 1932 – 22 October 2009) was a South African boxer, who won the bronze medal in the Heavyweight division (+ 91 kg) at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. Four years later in Rome he captured the silver medal in the same category.
Amateur career
Bekker was the South African Heavyweight Champion from 1955–1959 and 1961.
Amateur results
Death
Bekker died on 18 October 2009 after a long struggle with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. | 07437454-7b3b-4e40-a1a6-c50411426b6b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marceljani"} | Village in Istria, Croatia
Marceljani is a village under the administration of Labin, Croatia.
Location
The village is located about 3 km from the center of the town of Labin and about 8 km from Rabac, Istria in the east. In recent times, since the formation of Croatia, the village was renamed Marceljani (even Marčeljani).
Population
The settlement was formerly part of the Municipality of Sveta Nedelja. The population is 192 (2011). At the census of 2001, Marciljani had 161 inhabitants. In 1991, the village counted 170 inhabitants. From this 33.5% were Croats, 3.5% Serbs, 0.6% Muslims and 62.3% other (at the time they were mostly regionally committed, as Istrians).
Economy
Marciljani is home to a few private concerns in the fields of private tourist facilities, carpentry, and a dental laboratory. | 2ddc7c7d-d7b1-4b9c-aa50-5876aa1d98d6 |
null | Azam Tariq or Rais Khan (died 25 September 2016) was a spokesperson for the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and the fourth-highest ranking commander in the group. The TTP chose him as its spokesman after his predecessor, Maulvi Umar, who was detained by Pakistani authorities in August 2009.
For his first act as spokesman, he claimed responsibility on behalf of the TTP for a suicide bombing at a security checkpoint along the Pakistan-Afghan border near Torkham on August 27, 2009. Tariq said by telephone that the attack was the first in retaliation for the death of Baitullah Mehsud, the militant group's first leader. Although the exact number of casualties was unknown, a doctor at a nearby hospital told Dawn News that they had received 22 bodies and local people working at the blast site said they had retrieved 13 bodies.
In August 2010 Tariq referred to the presence of foreign aid organizations providing relief in response to massive flooding as "unacceptable."
He had a 20 million rupee (US$190,740) bounty on his head.
In May 2014, he and other militants based in South Waziristan split from the main TTP and formed their own faction led by Khan Said Sajna. On 25 September 2016, Pakistani security sources stated that Tariq and his son, Shafiullah had been killed along with two other TTP leaders in airstrikes carried out by Afghan forces and NATO in Barmal District, Paktia Province of Afghanistan. His death along with that of his son was confirmed by Zeeshan Haider Mehsud, advisor to TTP's Khan Said Sajna faction. | 26ddbb55-f120-4cad-8478-967850610bf9 |
null | Place in Ontario, Canada
McIntosh is an unincorporated place on Canyon Lake on the Canyon River in Unorganized Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It lies on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental main line, between Canyon to the west and Quibell to the east, and is passed but not served by Via Rail transcontinental Canadian trains. The community can be accessed by road using the continuation of Ontario Highway 647 that arrives from the southeast from the community of Vermilion Bay, on Ontario Highway 17, via Blue Lake Provincial Park.
McIntosh Indian Residential School
The community was once home to McIntosh Indian Residential School, a residential school opened by the Catholic Church in 1924. The school was located between Forest Lake and Canyon Lake. The main school building was burned down by a fire in 1969 and only the chapel remains. A memorial sits near the site of the former school as a reminder of the forced assimilation and abuse to generations of Indigenous children. | df510cdc-71d9-483e-a4fd-81582daf3cc2 |
null | This is a list of Master's degree programs with formal specializations / concentrations in Bioethics, by country. Degree programs may include, for example, Master of Arts, Master of Science, Master of Health Science and Master of Bioethics. These may be dedicated programs, or specializations within other disciplinary programs, such as philosophy, law or health sciences, and refer to bioethics, health ethics, healthcare ethics, etc.
Topics in Bioethics may be the subject of study within many disciplines in the Humanities, Law, the Social sciences and Health sciences, and not exclusively within dedicated bioethics programs. They may also be associated with Bioethics Centers and Institutes. Here are listed only those programs with formal bioethics designations or concentrations.
Africa
Nigeria
Australasia
Australia
New Zealand
Asia
Hong Kong
Indonesia
Pakistan
Philippines
Europe
Austria
Belgium
France
Greece
Ireland
Spain
Netherlands
Spain
United Kingdom
North America
Canada
Mexico
United States
South America
Argentina
Colombia
Chile
Ecuador
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador / Facultad de ciencias filosófico - teológicas/ Maestría en Bioética/ https://www.puce.edu.ec/portal/carreras/maestria-en-bioetica/
Sources | 19d4e0f4-2695-4489-9956-87ed4ed5bb83 |
null | Saïd Mehamha (born September 4, 1990) is a retired Algerian footballer who played primarily as a central midfielder.
Club career
Lyon
Hatai Mehamha began his career at Lyon, joining the youth team in 1997 as a six-year-old. In 2008, he signed his first professional with the club, signing a three year contract. In July 2011, despite having never featured for the first team, the club extended his contract for one more season.
In the summer of 2012, after an unsuccessful trial with Ligue 2 club Lens, Mehamha signed with Algerian club JSM Béjaïa.
International career
Mehamha was a member of the France national under-17 football team at the 2007 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship in Belgium. Later that year, he captained the Under-17's at the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup in South Korea.
In 2010, Mehamha changed his international allegiance from France to Algeria and was subsequently called up to the Algeria national under-23 football team for a friendly match against Qatar. | 78b71c88-4feb-44fd-87b1-02a609e92eba |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Perry"} | American baseball player and coach
Baseball player
Gerald June Perry (born October 30, 1960) is an American former professional baseball first baseman. He played from 1983 to 1995 for the Atlanta Braves, Kansas City Royals and St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB).
Career
In 1988, Perry had his best season, batting an even .300. He was one of only five National League batters that hit .300 or better that season who had the required number of plate appearances to qualify for the batting title. Perry was a contender for the title virtually the entire season, but ended up fifth. Tony Gwynn won the title that season by batting .313. For his efforts, Perry was named to the 1988 NL All-Star team.
In 1993 he tied a St. Louis Cardinals single-season club record with 24 pinch hits, and in 1995 he became the Cardinals all-time pinch-hit leader with his 70th Cardinal pinch hit.
Perry was hitting coach for the Seattle Mariners from 2000 to 2002, the Pittsburgh Pirates from 2003 to 2005, the Oakland Athletics in 2006, and the Chicago Cubs from 2007 until he was fired on June 13, 2009. The Cubs replaced him with Von Joshua. In 2011, the Athletics re-hired him as batting coach and let him go after the season ended.
He was the hitting coach for the AAA Pawtucket Red Sox in 2012. Perry joined the Erie SeaWolves for the 2013 season as their hitting coach.
He was the hitting coach for the USA team in the 2013 World Baseball Classic. | caebd2cb-e3bc-4bca-9eae-43524d13ef01 |
null | 2008 single by Faber Drive
"When I'm with You" is the third single from Faber Drive's debut album Seven Second Surgery. The song peaked at number 19 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart. The song is about a couple in which the guy spends a long time away from his girlfriend and his promise to stay with her and spend more time with her. The music video was filmed in a hospital and premiered on February 20, 2008 on MuchMusic's MuchOnDemand.
Music video
The music video describes a young woman who lost her boyfriend in a car accident. The video starts off with doctors rushing in with the patient who appears to be the injured boyfriend. A series of clips show the band singing and the desperate doctors trying multiple methods of saving the young man but failing. Meanwhile, the young woman tries to approach other people at the hospital, presumably to ask where her boyfriend is, but they don't respond. The video ends with her discovering her own body in the hospital and realizing that she is in fact the one who died. Shortly afterward, the young man's heartbeat flatlines, and doctors try to revive him but fail. The girlfriend takes his hand in her own and brings him back to life. The young woman walks outdoors into white light and into the afterlife.
Chart performance
The song debuted at number 88 on the week of February 2, 2008. It hit the Top 40 on the week of March 15, 2008 reaching number 27. It reached number 19 on the week of April 16, 2008 and left the chart four weeks later, spending a total of twenty weeks on the chart.
Charts
Certification | 30f5ba77-90eb-42d3-bc34-db9efc7746b2 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%27ll_Meet_Again_(1943_film)"} | 1943 British film
We'll Meet Again is a 1943 British musical film directed by Philip Brandon and starring Vera Lynn. The plot is loosely based on the life of its star, otherwise known as Britain's "Forces' Sweetheart".
Plot
The film is set during the blitz in London.
Peggy (Vera Lynn) is a young dancer in a London music hall. When the audience are invited to stay in the hall during a raid she is invited to sing to entertain them and is praised for her singing voice. Peggy's best male friend Frank Foster is an aspiring songwriter and they work together on new tunes, largely in the big band style. Meanwhile, she encourages the young boy in the family to leave London as part of the evacuation plans.
Although she's reluctant at first to sing, she finally does, debuting with a song "After the Rain".
An old school friend, the kilt-wearing Bruce McIntosh, returns on leave from the Scots Guards and starts to seeing Peggy. However, he confesses his love is for Peggy's friend, Ruth. Peggy reunites them and sings Ave Maria at their wedding.
Peggy and her friend record a demo of a tune they wrote and it accidentally gets played on BBC radio. Frank gets a letter inviting him to the BBC but they explain they are interested only in the singer. Peggy insists, successfully, that they give Frank a contract too.
She quickly becomes a star. She makes a special radio broadcast on St Andrew's Day. She makes a dedication to Bruce and tells him he is a father, but she later is told he did not hear it as he was on patrol and is now missing in action. However it turns out he was only wounded.
Peggy and Frank give an open air concert to several hundred RAF crew, singing "Sincerely Yours" and "We'll Meet Again" and the film ends.
Cast
Critical reception | 03000eac-67c5-4933-9de3-1d1886577393 |
null | Italian footballer
Alain Fremura (born 12 June 2001) is an Italian footballer who plays as a left-back for Follonica Gavorrano.
Club career
On 1 February 2021, he joined Serie D club Prato on loan.
On 13 August 2021, he signed with Serie D club Follonica Gavorrano.
Club statistics
Club
As of 14 July 2020.
Notes | 17f5b6d4-18d1-4a86-99c6-94041e2d3007 |
null | Damion is a given name. Notable people with the name include: | 05ee0db6-e686-4949-964f-920b98f601f2 |
null | Season of Canadian Football League team the Hamilton Tiger-Cats
The 1970 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season was the 13th season for the team in the Canadian Football League and their 21st overall. The Tiger-Cats finished in 1st place in the Eastern Conference with an 8–5–1 record, but lost the Eastern Finals to the Montreal Alouettes.
Roster
Regular season
Season Standings
Season schedule
Post-season
Awards and honours | 57652289-4a87-44bd-b8fa-f652bc6bd4f2 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Falkland_Islands"} | There are over 230 Catholics in the Falkland Islands, approximately 10% of the total population. There are no dioceses in the islands, instead they form an apostolic prefecture which was erected in January 1952. It is immediately subject to the Holy See and separate from any Argentine or UK dioceses. The spiritual leader of the prefecture is Father Hugh Allan who was appointed in 2016.
The Eucharist is celebrated at RAF Mount Pleasant.
St Mary's Catholic Church
St Mary's Catholic Church in Ross Road in Stanley is the sole Catholic Church on the Falkland Islands. It was blessed in 1899. On the west wall is a "pictorial history" of the Catholic Church in the Falkland Islands; it was illustrated by the local artist James Peck.
Religious affiliation | b01ed6ff-65fa-41b7-bb0f-85cdbc8e0972 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Tush_Girl"} | 1978 Japanese film
Pink Tush Girl aka Pink Hip Girl (桃尻娘 ピンク・ヒップ・ガール, Momojiri musume: Pinku hippu gaaru) is a 1978 Japanese film in Nikkatsu's Roman porno series, directed by Kōyū Ohara and starring Kaori Takeda, Ako and Yūko Katagiri. It is based on an award-winning novel by Osamu Hashimoto.
Synopsis
An extroverted high school girl befriends an introverted female classmate, and the two begin exploring their curiosity about sex together. They begin working as prostitutes, but their friendship is tested when they both fall in love with the same man. The film ends on an upbeat note with the two girls reconciling their friendship.
Cast
Critical appraisal
In their Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films, the Weissers note that with the Pink Tush Girl trilogy, Kōyū Ohara reversed the style of his earlier dark films such as the True Story of a Woman in Prison trilogy (1975-1977). In the Pink Tush Girl films Ohara depicts, "an erotic world from pop music and high school tribulations". Unlike most films in the Roman Porno series, the films were popular with both men and women. The Weissers attribute this partly to the on-screen relationship between the two lead performers, Kahori Takeda and Ako.
The director noted that this upbeat, breezy take on the sex lives of two female characters was at odds with the way that women were depicted in the pink film at the time. Ohara was enthusiastic about this aspect of the project, and because of this, caused the film to go over-budget. He remembered, "I was scolded severely by the Nikkatsu management", but he felt vindicated when the film's popularity caused the studio to ask him to make sequels.
In his survey of the films of Kōyū Ohara, Graham Lewis writes that though Pink Hip Girl is less serious in tone than Ohara's earlier films, it is no less well-made and thoroughly enjoyable. He notes that Ohara's nickname, "King of Pink-Pop" derives largely from his work in this film and its sequels. Lewis concludes, "If Ohara's other films sound too rough for you, this might be your cup of tea".
Jasper Sharp judges Pink Tush Girl to be arguably Ohara's best film. He writes that the film's road movie structure, catchy theme song, and longer running length make it a more fully rounded cinematic experience than many contemporary Nikkatsu Roman Pornos. He speculates that, because of the wider popularity of this film, Nikkatsu would have been wise to pursue the lighter tone of this film rather than the dark S&M films that they concentrated on producing at the time.
Availability
Pink Tush Girl was released theatrically in Japan on April 29, 1978. It was released on DVD in Japan on DVD December 22, 2005, as part of Geneon's second wave of Nikkatsu Roman porno series. | 7fc74c7a-a894-462c-ba11-f05d1633a0bd |
null | Bring Me the Head of Light Entertainment is a comedy panel game show that aired on Channel 5 from 3 April 1997 to 1 November 2000. | 519166fd-dec1-4619-974e-dc104764d00e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi_Rio_Pro_2019"} | The Oi Rio Pro 2019 was the fifth event of the Men's Championship Tour in the 2019 World Surf League. It took place from 20 to 23 June in Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, and was contested by 36 surfers.
In the final, Brazil's Filipe Toledo defeated Jordy Smith of South Africa to win the eighth Championship Tour event of his career.
Format
A new competition format was introduced for the 2019 Championship Tour. All 36 surfers take part in the Seeding Round. The top two surfers in each heat advance directly to the Round of 32, while the lowest-placed surfer in each heat enters the Elimination Round. In each of the four heats in the Elimination Round, the top two surfers advance to the Round of 32, while the lowest-placed surfer is eliminated from the competition. From the Round of 32 onwards, the competition follows a single elimination format, with the winner of each head-to-head heat advancing to the next round and the loser being eliminated.
Competition
The competition took place from 20 to 23 June.
Seeding Round
Elimination round
Round of 32
Round of 16
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final | 9fa82ff9-fbea-4be2-bc69-c406a98b7029 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen_Santos"} | Portuguese-born Brazilian actress and film producer
Carmen Santos (8 June 1904 – 24 September 1952) was a Portuguese-born Brazilian actress and film producer. Santos began acting at the age of fifteen, and started producing films from 1930 onwards with Blood of Minas Gerais. She founded her own film studio Brasil Vita Filmes in Rio de Janeiro. Santos directed the 1948 film Minas Conspiracy, in which she also starred.
Selected filmography
Bibliography | f1604413-7ac6-43e3-af40-f242de8c8268 |
null | Australian politician
Ian McManus (born 23 August 1945) is an Australian politician. He was a Labor Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1987 to 2003, representing the electorates of Heathcote (1987–88, 1999–2003), Burragorang (1988–1991) and Bulli (1991–99). He was a parliamentary secretary in the first two terms of the Carr Labor government.
McManus was born in Scotland, and his family migrated to Australia when he was a child. He attended Helensburgh Primary School, St Patrick's College in Sutherland and St George Technical College in Kogarah.[citation needed]
He worked as a junior postal officer after leaving school, before joining the Royal Australian Navy, where he served as a sonar operator from 1963 to 1971, serving in Borneo, the Malacca Straits and Vietnam. He won the United States Unit Commendation for his service during Operation Sea Dragon in the Gulf of Tonkin during the Vietnam War.[citation needed]
He left the Navy in 1971, and worked as a senior inspector with his local water board until his election to parliament. He was also an alderman with the City of Wollongong council and Illawarra County Council from 1977 until 1983.
McManus entered state politics in 1987 after winning Labor endorsement for a difficult by-election, sparked by the resignation of former Labor minister Rex Jackson amidst a serious corruption scandal which would later lead to Jackson's imprisonment. The race was made further difficult for Labor due to Jackson's surprise decision to run as an independent, but McManus survived a severe anti-Labor swing to take the seat ahead of Liberal candidate Allan Andrews.
After a hostile electoral redistribution, McManus shifted to the safer seat of Burragorang at the 1988 general election, where Andrews won Heathcote at his second attempt. McManus again shifted to the newly revived seat of Bulli at the 1991 election, and was re-elected in 1995 with the election of the Carr Labor government. McManus served as a parliamentary secretary in the first two terms of the Carr government, and retired in 2003. He has worked as a consultant since leaving politics. | ac72c81f-e711-4831-8340-9fa5099e4c78 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsters_Unleashed_(comics)"} | Monsters Unleashed is the title of an American black-and-white comics magazine published by Magazine Management and two color comic-book miniseries from Marvel Comics. The first ran from 1973 to 1975. The two miniseries ran consecutively in 2017.
Magazine Management (1973–1975)
The first publication titled Monsters Unleashed was an American black-and-white horror comics magazine published by Magazine Management, a corporate sibling of Marvel Comics. The series ran 11 issues cover-dated 1973 to April 1975), plus one annual publication. With sister titles including Dracula Lives!, Tales of the Zombie and Vampire Tales, it was published by Marvel Comics' parent company, Magazine Management, and related corporations, under the brand emblem Marvel Monster Group. The first issue was dated simply 1973, but the second issue of the magazine, published quarterly, was cover-dated September 1973.
A magazine rather than a comic book, it did not fall under the purview of the comics industry's self-censorship Comics Code Authority, allowing the title to feature stronger content — such as moderate profanity, partial nudity, and more graphic violence — than color comics of the time.
Monsters Unleashed primarily featured standalone horror stories, both original and reprinted, including from pre-Comics Code comics from Marvel Comics' 1950s iteration, Atlas Comics. It occasionally featured stories starring the Marvel Comics swamp monster Man-Thing, the Marvel version of the Frankenstein monster, the bestial Wendigo, the science-fiction adventurer Gullivar Jones. and the superheroine Tigra. It also included text features on monster movies.
Monsters Unleashed was edited by Roy Thomas for the first six issues, succeeded by Tony Isabella, and then Don McGregor for the last two issues. The painted covers were illustrated by the likes of Gray Morrow, Boris Vallejo, Neal Adams, Frank Brunner, Bob Larkin, Richard Hescox, Earl Norem, and Jose Antonio Domingo. In addition to the 11 issues there was one annual publication in 1975 consisting completely of stories reprinted from the magazine.
Marvel Comics (2017)
Volume two
The second volume of Monsters Unleashed is a Marvel Comics series published in 2017. It is the flagship title of the "Monster Unleashed" company-wide crossover story arc. Additionally, a tie-in trade paperback book, Monsters Unleashed Prelude, reprinted late 1950s and early 1960s "pre-superhero Marvel" stories starring several of the giant monsters seen in the new series.
Monsters Unleashed volume two began publication in January 2017. The five-issue miniseries was cover-date March–May 2017.
Synopsis
Monsters have been appearing on Earth upon falling from the sky. The Avengers fight a reptilian monster in Boston, the X-Men fight a spider monster in London, the Black Panther and Shuri defend Wakanda from a thick-skinned monster, the Guardians of the Galaxy defend Groot from a snake-like monster in Seattle, the Inhumans fight a multi-headed monster in Venice, and the Champions fight a tentacled eye monster in Los Angeles. In Peru, Elsa Bloodstone finds a prophecy that tells of the Monster King whom all monsters fear. The Winter Guard fights monsters in Moscow while Valkyrie and Warrior Woman fight them in Edinburgh while Atlas fights them in Washington, D.C. Medusa and Karnak discover that Kei Kawade is an Inhuman who can summon monsters called Goliathons to help fight the Leviathon invasion. Kei then learns how to use his powers perfectly and manages to defeat the Leviathon Queen with a team of new monsters.
Titles involved
Volume three
The third volume of Monsters Unleashed is a five-issue Marvel Comics miniseries cover-dated June-Oct. 2017. It follows the adventures of Kei Kawade, vampire-hunter Elsa Bloodstone, and Kei Kawade's creations Aegish, Slizzik, Scragg, Hi Vo and Mekara. The series unfolds as the team takes on gargantuan creatures and protects the planet while also having to deal with the latest incarnation of Intelligencia.
Critical reception
The entire crossover received mixed reviews. According to Comic Book Roundup, the entire crossover received an average rating of 6.9 out of 10 based on 48 reviews.
Collected editions | ab132e5c-1591-46f3-ac40-71e91a5fb255 |
null | Tractor model
The John Deere 435 is a tractor that was built for two years, 1959 and 1960. Prior to 1960, John Deere only produced tractors that had two-cylinder engines. The John Deere 435 was the only model that had a General Motors two-cylinder two-cycle engine, in the manner similar to their heavy truck engines of that era. This engine and the two cycle truck engines were all equipped with a positive displacement supercharger. There were a total of 4,626 John Deere 435 units built.
The John Deere 435 had some options that it could come with. The front axle of the tractor had a sway-back front end for some of the models. After 1960, the option was given to have power steering rather than mechanical steering. | df30b529-bb37-40f0-8413-97cbe2143899 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_(river)"} | River in the department of Haute-Corse, Corsica
The Golo (French pronunciation: [ɡɔlo]; Corsican: Golu) is the longest river on the island of Corsica, France, at 89.4 kilometres (55.6 mi)
Course
The Golo is 89.38 kilometres (55.54 mi) long. It crosses the communes of Aiti, Albertacce, Bigorno, Bisinchi, Calacuccia, Campile, Campitello, Canavaggia, Casamaccioli, Castello-di-Rostino, Castirla, Corscia, Gavignano, Lento, Lucciana, Monte, Morosaglia, Olmo, Omessa, Piedigriggio, Prato-di-Giovellina, Prunelli-di-Casacconi, Saliceto, Valle-di-Rostino, Venzolasca, Vescovato, Vignale and Volpajola.
The Golo's source is in the mountainous middle of the island, south of Monte Cinto. It flows generally northeast, through Calacuccia and Ponte-Leccia, and ends in the Tyrrhenian Sea approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Bastia, near the Bastia – Poretta Airport. Its entire course is in the Haute-Corse département. The river is dammed at Calacuccia to form the Lac de Calacuccia, a hydroelectric reservoir.
Hydrology
Measurements of the river flow were taken at the Volpajola [Barchetta] station from 1961 to 2021. The watershed above this station covers 926 square kilometres (358 sq mi). Annual precipitation was calculated as 506 millimetres (19.9 in). The average flow of water throughout the year was 14.8 cubic metres per second (520 cu ft/s).
Tributaries
The following streams (ruisseaux) are tributaries of the Golo, ordered by length:
Sources | afe24a2c-f1f4-4f69-a964-ea5f3ee9eac3 |
null | Czech footballer
Jiří Perůtka (born 22 February 1988) is a Czech football player who currently plays for Slovácko. | 96efbd20-f69b-431c-a15b-0925c4505695 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variegated_tree_frog"} | Species of amphibian
The variegated tree frog (Megastomatohyla mixomaculata) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Mexico. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and intermittent rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss. Humans are destroying their habitats because of the population increase. | d8808733-06c4-401b-92da-c0ae63164d8b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_This_Moment_On!"} | 1968 studio album by Charles McPherson
From This Moment On! is the fourth album led by saxophonist Charles McPherson recorded in 1968 and released on the Prestige label.
Reception
Allmusic awarded the album 3 stars with its review by Scott Yanow stating, "Not one of McPherson's most essential releases, as the material and arrangements are just not that strong; nevertheless, the altoist still plays well, and his fans will want to pick up this reissue".
Track listing
All compositions by Charles McPherson except as indicated
Personnel | 28830628-cf48-49e0-9903-5742879bc33c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Amador_Guerrero"} | President of Panama (1833–1909)
Manuel Amador Guerrero (30 June 1833 – 2 May 1909), was the first president of Panama from 20 February 1904 to 1 October 1908. He was a member of the Conservative Party.
Early life
Manuel Amador Guerrero was born on 30 June 1833 in Turbaco, in the Bolívar Department of the Republic of Colombia to María Mercedes Guerrero Córdoba and José María Amador Leguina. Very little is known about his childhood and teenage years, but he studied to be a surgeon and graduated from the Universidad de Magdalena e Istmo in 1854.
Career
Amador came to Panama in 1855 settling in Colón and started working on the Panama Railroad as a doctor. After a year, he also took a job as the postmaster. After moving to Santiago de Veraguas, Amador began a export business "Amador Hermanos", with his brother, Juan De Dios Amador Guerrero, and continued his work as a doctor and in governmental posts. He acted to the District Administration, working on the Municipal Council, and serving as a deputy to the House of Representatives for the Veraguas State in the Republic of New Granada in Bogotá from 1858 to 1859. During the same period, he began serving in the State Legislature of Veraguas.
In 1866, Amador was appointed as the first successor for the Conservative Party, in the elections for the President of the Sovereign State of Panama. When the President Vicente Olarte Galindo died in office in 1868, Amador was to succeed his term as acting president but because he was running in the election, he chose to allow the second successor Juan José Díaz to take the post as acting president. When it became evident that Amador's victory was assured for the presidency, General Fernando Ponce staged a rebellion and drove the Conservative supporters out of the capital and back to Veraguas. In the brief battles that occurred, Amador was captured and sent into exile Cartagena.
In 1869, Amador returned to Panama, probably settling again in Santiago de Veraguas, where his son Manuel Encarnación del Carmen Amador Terreros [es] was born to María de Jesús Terreros. He soon moved to Panama City and began working at the Hospital Santo Tomás. The hospital, a charity hospital built in colonial times, suffered from lack of management and funds, and Amador took on the task of managing and reorganizing it without pay for almost two decades of the twenty-nine years in which he worked there. He also opened and ran a pharmacy near the hospital on Avenue B. It is probable his first wife died, as on 6 February 1872, Amador married Manuela María Maximiliano de la Ossa Escobar. With de la Ossa, Amador had two children, Raúl Arturo, who as an adult was attached to the Panamanian consulate in New York City and Elmira María, who married William Ehrman, one of the owners of the Ehrman Banking Company.
Return to politics
"Amador Hermanos" brought in brother, José Amador, and began working with the French company building the Panama Canal in 1879. Simultaneously, Manuel continued his work as a doctor for the Panama Canal Railway and Hospital Santo Tomás. In 1886, during the period when Colombia was reorganizing its sovereign states under a federal government, Amador served as the last President of the Sovereign State of Panamá, taking over the post vacated by Ramón Santodomingo Vila [es] on 5 June 1886 and serving until 5 August 1886. During this time frame, Amador served as chairman of the Council of the District of Panama, which had to vote on approval of the Colombian Constitution of 1886. At the end of 1888, the French company which was digging the canal went bankrupt, causing the failure of the Amador brothers' business. José Amador died soon after the business closed, but Manuel covered the company's losses.
Amador favored continuing the canal project and when Lucien Bonaparte-Wyse made the journey to Bogotá in 1890 to gain a concession for a ten-year extension, he was accompanied by Amador. Instability plagued the French project and then in 1900, the Thousand Days' War erupted between Colombian political factions. The government in Bogotá asked the United States to protect the railway in Panama, causing the US Marines to intervene on the isthmus. In exchange for keeping the vital transit open, President José Manuel Marroquín pledged that he would insure that the United States would receive authorization to complete the canal upon restoration of peace. Amador wrote to President Marroquín, who was a personal friend, urging the approval of the Hay–Herrán Treaty. Rather than appointing a favorable candidate, Marroquín appointed an opponent to the ratification, Juan Bautista Pérez y Soto as Panama's congressman during the negotiations.
Independence movement
The appointment caused José Agustín Arango to recruit his sons, Belisario, José Agustín and Ricardo Manuel; his son-in-laws Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre, Samuel Lewis, and Raoul Orillac; and a friend, Carlos Constantino Arosemena to begin working on a plan for the independence of Panama. The group was soon joined by Amador, who would become the leader of the independence movement, as well as by Ricardo and Tomás Arias, Federico Boyd, Manuel Espinosa Batista, and Nicanor de Obarrio [es]. Contentious negotiations with Colombia led the United States toward backing the independence movement in Panama, believing that negotiations would be more favorable to American interests from a small, weak, newly developing state, rather than continuing to work with Colombia. Amador traveled to New York in September 1903 to determine how the United States might support the separation movement. After gaining approval for support from the USS Nashville, Amador returned to Panama to get a plan in motion.
The USS Nashville landed on 2 November 1903 off the coast of Colón. The following day, 500 sharpshooters, under the command of General Juan B. Tobar traveling aboard the cruiser Cartagena and merchant ship Alexander Bixio, made landfall. Fearing that if they were caught they would be executed, Amador, Arango, Boyd, and Espinosa met to discuss the situation, because with the landed troops many of their colleagues were abandoning the cause. Amador returned home dejected, fearing all was lost, but his wife María de la Ossa came up with a plan to separate the Colombian generals from their troops with help from friends on the railway. She surmised that once the officers were separated and arrested, the troops could be bribed to return home. Amador went out to convince Herbert G. Prescott, assistant superintendent, and James Shaler, superintendent of the Panama Railway to help transport the generals and once he gained their approval, he called the separatists together to get them to endorse the plan. Shaler convinced the generals to go ahead to Panama City without their troops, while the railway was gathering sufficient cars for the troops.
When the plan successfully concluded, Panama's independence was proclaimed and the Municipal Council met and confirmed the establishment of the Republic of Panama. Amador and Boyd were sent to Washington, D. C. to negotiate a treaty to complete the canal. When they arrived, they learned that Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla had already signed a treaty and as they were not empowered to accept it, the agreement was sent to Panama for ratification by the provisional government.
Presidency
On 20 February 1904, the constitutional convention unanimously elected Amador as the first president of the Republic of Panama. Because the Constitution of Panama required that the president be native-born, a clause allowing Amador to serve based on his service to the independence movement was inserted. During his presidency, he established the gold Balboa as the official currency at par with the U. S. gold dollar. His administration adopted the flag, designed by his son Manuel and sewn by his wife and her sister-in-law, Angélica Bergamonta de la Ossa, and the national anthem, that features lyrics written by his wife's brother Jerónimo de la Ossa; created the national theater and national museum; disbanded the army, in favor of a police force; and expanded the educational system in the country.
One of the immediate actions of his administration was to resolve a difference in interpretation over the law which created the canal zone, passed on 28 April 1904. Panamanian legislators intended the granting of the zone to the United States to mean that the U.S. could exercise sovereignty "only for the purpose of building the canal". As the ports were vital for Panama's economy, the government of Panama had no intention of surrendering complete legal or economic sovereignty in the canal zone and did not cede its territory to the U.S. The Americans had established ports, customs houses and postal facilities in the zone, which were objected to by the Panamanians, as they had nothing to do with construction and were functions of a sovereign power. U.S. Minister to Panama Charles Edward Magoon, who was concurrently the Governor of the Canal Zone, worked with Amador to draft a working agreement to resolve the issue. Secretary of War William Howard Taft agreed with the main draft and went to Panama to meet with Amador, arriving on 27 November 1904. The three men devised an agreement to exempt only duty-free goods entering the canal zone ports of Ancon and Cristobal that were related to construction of the canal. Other goods were to be taxed by Panamanian authorities at a reduced rate of ten percent ad valorem. In exchange for infrastructure development with hospitals and roads, Amador was pleased to agree to allow the Canal Company to control sanitation and quarantine provisions in the zone and utilize municipal buildings. They also designated an agreement for currency sharing and postal regulations, among other revisions. The Taft Memorandum would affect U.S.-Panamanian relations for nearly 100 years.
Death and legacy
Amador decided not to run for reelection in 1908 and instead retired from public life. He died on May 2, 1909, in Panama City. His last coherent words were to express his wish that the National Anthem be played as his body was lowered into his grave, a wish that was realized.
Trivia | bec3109d-b283-4627-b9c3-b7a01bb3d8f6 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1:64_scale"} | Model cars in 1:64 scale by Hot Wheels and Johnny Lightning, fltr (above): 1969 Chevrolet Corvette, 1977 Pontiac Firebird; (below): 1975 Ford Torino Starsky & Hutch, 1970 Chevrolet Chevelle
1:64 scale is a traditional scale for models and miniatures, in which one unit (such as an inch or a centimeter) on the model represents 64 units on the actual object. It is also known as "three-sixteenths scale", since 3/16 of an inch represents one foot. A human is approximately 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) tall in 1:64 scale. The scale originated by halving the very common 1:32 scale, which was known as "standard size" in some hobbies.
This scale became successful because of its relative size in comparison to other toys, the fact that it is a derivative of 1/16 scale, and because they are easily held by small hands. The 1/64 scale models will generally have less detail than a 1/16 scale models. Moreover, "1/64 coincides with the S scale of model railroading, part of the consideration of why 1/64 became an established size."
Currently, 1:64 scale is most commonly used for automobile and other vehicle models, but it is also a popular scale for model railroads and toy trains, and has been used for ship models also. In addition, 28mm military and fantasy figures are a popular size for tabletop gaming, and they are sometimes scaled out to 1:64, although opinion on the actual scale of 28mm range from 1:48 to 1:64 with 1:56 being the most common.
Die-cast vehicles
Many diecast automobiles and commercial vehicle models for collectors have been made to a strict scale of 1:64. However, for much of the die-cast toy market, 1:64 is only a nominal scale. Though collectors and manufacturers loosely describe popular lines of die-casts as 1:64, toy vehicles are usually made to "box scale." This means that the size of the model is determined by the size of the standard packaging (formerly a cardstock box, now usually a clear blister-card). Models of a 1959 Cadillac and an Austin Mini-Cooper designed to fill up the same packaging space will have very different actual scales, but for the passenger automobiles in many die-cast lines, 1:64 is a reasonable approximation. Brands of die-cast toys in and around this scale include Hot Wheels, Ertl, GreenLight, Auto World, Code 3, Johnny Lightning, and Jada Toys.
Outside the USA, brands like Matchbox, Maisto, Siku, Norev, Corgi, Tomica, Autoart, Edocar, Kyosho, Tarmac Works, iscale, Time Model, Make Up, Majorette, Schuco, Welly, among many others, are available in this scale.
Model horses
Breyer Animal Creations's brand Mini Whinnies, introduced in 2005, are the smallest scale of Breyer model horses at 1 1/2" high for adults and 1" for foals (1:64 scale). Originally produced by Creata Winner's Choice and sculpted by Candance Liddy, they are aimed at young collectors and usually sold in easy-to-carry packages and playsets; they are currently sold as blind bags.
Slot cars
Small-scale slot cars are often sized to fit a standard motorized chassis and therefore vary somewhat in scale.
The mechanisms have increased in size over the years to generate more power. The so-called "HO" sized slot cars which were introduced in the 1960s at about 1:76 scale, now average around 1:64 scale.
Pictured is an early example of an approximately 1:64 slot car built by Aurora around 1972, as part of its AFX line. This first-generation AMC Matador coupe NASCAR race car replica is designed to fit on an enlarged chassis for nominal HO track.
The 1:64 slot car lines include Micro Scalextric from the maker of the pioneering 1:32 scale slot cars. Tomy-Aurora and Life-Like also produce cars that average close to 1:64. Mattel's diecast Hot Wheels Racing series and the Winner's Circle also have made diecast scenes of 1/64-scale pit crews and race officials that look right with the appropriate NASCAR slot car models.
Wargaming
Metal figures for tabletop wargaming and role-playing gaming are usually not described by scale ratio, but by the approximate height of a human figure, in millimeters. Manufacturers gradually enlarged the standard 25 mm figures of the 1970s, at first describing them as "large 25s," or "heroic 25s." By the 1990s, they were simply called 28 mm. figures, and have largely replaced 25s as the standard size for role-playing and many military games. Accessories scaled to match 28 mm gaming figures are generally built to 1:64 scale. More accurate to 1/64 scale car models would actually be the 20mm figures, or approximately 1/72.
Model trains
From the late 1940s to the mid-1960s, 1:64 was a popular scale in the U.S. model railroad market, where it was called S scale or S gauge. It still remains a modestly popular scale, with a dedicated following. A.C. Gilbert, a major toy manufacturer, challenged the predominant O scale (1:48) manufacturers such as Lionel with a fully developed line of 1:64 scale and semi-scale equipment marketed under the American Flyer brand. Because they were 25% smaller than traditional O scale models, they ran on a two-rail track that was more realistic than the traditional 3-rail O gauge track. These features would become standard characteristics of model trains in later years, when the even-smaller HO scale (1:87) took over the model train market from both the O and S scale trains. S-scale survives currently with a small number of manufacturers producing scale equipment for hobbyists and a large number of collectors who seek out the 1950s-era American Flyer equipment to run trains on nostalgic layouts.
Since the 1930s, O scale (1:48) train manufacturers, including Gilbert, Lionel and Marx, have produced bargain or introductory lines of undersized toy trains to run on O-gauge track with very tight curves, known as 0-27 track. Though sold as O gauge, the bodies of these undersized cars and engines were often scaled to 1:64 proportions. The origins of Gilbert's S-gauge equipment can be traced to its American Flyer O-27 line of 1938 and after.
Ships and boats
Kit manufacturers have used 1:64 as a scale for boats and small ships. | be3d3135-c879-4f0d-8d54-49cb8301ad4d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shobhna_Samarth"} | Indian actress and director
Shobhana Samarth (17 November 1916 – 9 February 2000) was an Indian actress, director and producer who began her career in the early days of talkie movies in the Hindi film industry and continued in lead roles into the 1950s.
She started in Marathi cinema. Her first Hindi film, Nigahen Nafrat, was released in 1935. She is best remembered for her portrayal of Sita in Ram Rajya (1943). In 1997, she was honoured with the Filmfare Special Award for her contribution to the arts.
Samarth later produced and directed a pair of movies that launched the careers of her daughters, Nutan and Tanuja.
Early life
Shobhana was born on 17 November 1916 in Bombay, British India, as Saroj Shilotri. An only child, her father Prabhakar Shilotri was a "pioneer banker", having started the Shilotri Bank in Bombay. Her mother Rattan Bai, in 1936, acted in the film Frontiers of Freedom, in Marathi (Swarajyachya Seemewar).
Shobhna studied initially in Cathedral School, Bombay, for one year. In 1928 her father suffered financial losses and the business went into liquidation. The family then shifted to Bangalore in 1931, where Shobhana attended Baldwin Girls High School. To earn a living, her father taught students on a private basis, while her mother taught in a Marathi school.
In December that year, her father died of a heart attack and the mother and daughter returned to Bombay to stay with her maternal uncle. Shobhana studied in a convent school, but was unable to complete her matriculation, as she had begun her film career by then. Shobhana also taught privately to make money.
During this time she met her future husband Kumarsen Samarth, who had just returned from Germany and was keen on directing films. They got engaged and she started work on her first film. Her uncle was opposed to her acting in films, and she and her mother moved out of his home (ironically his daughter and Shobhana's cousin Nalini Jaywant herself became an actress).
Career
Shobana's first film was "Orphans Of Society" (1935), also called Nigahe Nafrat or Vilasi Ishwar for Kolhapur Cinetone, directed by Vinayak and starring Vinayak and Baburao Pendharkar. The film was not a success, but Shobhana was critically acclaimed for her role.
The film was bilingual, made in Urdu and Marathi. Shobhana claims in an interview that she did not know any Urdu at that time of filming, speaking the dialogues by rote and it was only later that she picked up the language. She was with Kolhapur Cinetone for thirteen months, but acted in one film.
She left Kolhapur Cinetone and joined Sagar Movietone (Sagar Film Company), where she acted in a film called Kokila (1937), directed by Sarvottam Badami, starring Motilal, Sabita Devi and Sitara Devi. Her other film for Sagar was Do Diwane (1936), directed by C. M. Luhar and co-starring Motilal, Yakub and Aruna Devi.
By the end of 1937, Shobhana left Sagar and joined General Films, acting in Industrial India (Nirala Hindustan), directed by Mohan Sinha with Prem Adib and Wasti. The second film for them was Pati Patni (1939), directed by V. M. Gunjal with co-stars Yakub, Sitara Devi and Wasti.
By 1939, she had joined Hindustan Cinetone, making four films with them, which included Kaun Kisi ka (1939), Saubhagya (1940) by C. M. Luhar, and Apni Nagariya (1940) by V. M. Gunjal. She then worked in a film directed by her husband, Kumar Sen Samarth, called Ghar Javai (1941), where she was cast with Damuanna Malvankar.
In 1942 came her career-defining film Bharat Milap, directed by Vijay Bhatt and starring Durga Khote as Kaikeyi, Shobhana as Sita and Prem Adib as Ram. Following this was Ram Rajya in 1943, and Shobhana became identified as Sita, leading to several other films where they recreated the roles. Shobhana as Sita and Prem Adib as Rama became extremely popular and were accepted by the audiences and had them featuring as Rama and Sita on calendars.
Personal life
Shobhana was married to director and cinematographer Kumarsen Samarth from Vile Parle (E), Mumbai. They had three daughters, Nutan, Tanuja and Chatura and a son, Jaideep. Eventually, the couple parted amicably and Shobhana became linked to actor Motilal Rajvansh.
Two of her daughters, Nutan and Tanuja, also became actresses. Shobhana produced their debut films. Her other daughter, Chatura, is an artist and her son Jaideep is an advertising film producer. Chatura and Jaideep never acted in films.
Nutan's son Mohnish Bahl is also an actor, as are Tanuja's daughters Kajol and Tanishaa Mukerji. Kajol is married to actor Ajay Devgan. Other members of the dynasty include Shomu Mukherjee, who married Tanuja.
She and her daughter Nutan were estranged for more than two decades, but reconciled in the year 1983 before Nutan's death from cancer in February 1991. At her own death from cancer in 2000, Shobhana had seven granddaughters, one grandson, three great-granddaughters, and two great-grandsons.
Filmography
As Actress
As Director | 1a76c7c5-c935-425c-aee9-fd2d4c87be89 |
null | Algaq formerly Algak Island is a member of the Barry Islands within the Arctic Archipelago in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut. It is located in Bathurst Inlet. Other islands in the vicinity include Iglorua Island, Ekalulia Island, Kanuyak Island, Shoe Island, and Aupilaktuq. | 4f1746b7-e23b-4500-97e7-bb04939ae0e7 |
null | Constantin Stan may refer to: | c25ceb68-9320-45d8-83b0-6abf5d7bf5db |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baring,_Saskatchewan"} | Baring is an unincorporated community in Saskatchewan. It is located southeast of Grenfell, just off Highway 47.
Coordinates: 50°15′04″N 103°03′40″W / 50.25111°N 103.06111°W / 50.25111; -103.06111 | deadff7e-682c-43e2-ad25-10753d9b1ae2 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramus,_New_Jersey"} | Borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, US
Borough in New Jersey
Paramus (/pəˈræməs/ pə-RAM-əs) is a borough in the central portion of Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. A suburban bedroom community of New York City, Paramus is located 15 to 20 miles (24 to 32 km) northwest of Midtown Manhattan and approximately 8 miles (13 km) west of Upper Manhattan. The Wall Street Journal characterized Paramus as "quintessentially suburban". The borough is also a major commercial hub for North Jersey (home to Garden State Plaza and various corporate headquarters).
As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 26,698, an increase of 356 (+1.4%) from the 2010 census count of 26,342, which in turn reflected an increase of 605 (+2.4%) from the 25,737 counted in the 2000 census.
Paramus was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 2, 1922, and ratified by a referendum held on April 4, 1922, that passed by a vote of 238 to 10. Paramus was created from portions of Midland Township, which now exists as Rochelle Park. The borough's name is thought to have originated from the Unami language spoken by the Lenape Native Americans, derived from words meaning "land of the turkeys" or "pleasant stream."
Paramus has some of the most restrictive blue laws in the United States, dating back to the 17th century, banning nearly all white-collar and retail businesses from opening on Sundays except for gas stations, restaurants and grocery stores, and a limited number of other businesses. Despite this, the borough is one of the largest shopping destinations in the country, generating over $6 billion in annual retail sales, more than any other ZIP Code in the United States.
History
The area that ultimately became the present-day North Jersey had been occupied for thousands of years by prehistoric indigenous peoples. At the time of European encounter, it was settled by the Lenape Native Americans. The Lenape language word for the area, Peremessing, which meant that it had an abundant population of wild turkey, was anglicized to become the word "Paramus". A large metal statue of a wild turkey in the Paramus Park mall commemorates this history. Another alternative derivation is that the word means "pleasant stream".
Albert Saboroweski (Albrycht Zaborowski), whose descendants became known by the family name "Zabriskie", immigrated from Poland via the Dutch ship Deb Ves in 1662. He settled in the Dutch West Indies Company town of Ackensack, site of the present-day Hackensack. A son, Jacob, was captured by the Lenape and held for 15 years. When he was returned to his family, the Lenape explained to Saboroweski that they had taken the child in order to teach him their language so that he could serve as a translator. They granted Saboroweski approximately 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) of land which became known as the "Paramus Patent".
During the American Revolutionary War, the county included both Loyalists and Patriots, with Patriots "greatly outnumbering" Tories. Although no major battles were fought in Bergen County, Paramus was part of the military activity, as colonial troops were stationed in Ramapo under the command of Aaron Burr. In 1777, the British raided the Hackensack area and Burr marched troops to Paramus, where he attacked the British, forcing them to withdraw. General George Washington was in Paramus several times during the War: December 1778; July 1780; and, December 1780. Following the Battle of Monmouth, Washington established his headquarters in Paramus in July 1778. Over the advice of his staff, Washington moved his headquarters to Westchester County, New York.
A section of Paramus known as Dunkerhook (meaning dark corner in Dutch) was a free African-American community dating to the early 18th century. Although historical markers on the current site and local oral tradition maintain that this was a slave community, contemporary records document that it was a community of free blacks, not slaves. A group of houses built on Dunkerhook Road by the Zabriskies in the late 18th to early 19th centuries was the center of a community of black farmers, who had been slaves held by the Zabriskie family.
The Arcola Country Club and golf course was created in 1909 and the neighborhood by that name grew around it.
Farview Avenue, located at the highest elevation in Paramus, has a clear view of the Manhattan skyline.
Paramus became one of the "truck farming" areas that helped New Jersey earn its nickname as the "Garden State". By 1940, Paramus' population was just 4,000, with no town center and 94 retail establishments. Although the opening of the George Washington Bridge in 1931 and the widening of Route 17 and Route 4 (which intersect in southern Paramus), made the area accessible to millions, "it was not until the 1950s that massive development hit this section of northern New Jersey".
During the 1950s and 1960s, Paramus, lacking any master plan until 1969, was redeveloped into two shopping corridors when its farmers and outside developers saw that shopping malls were more lucrative than produce farming. "It was a developer's dream: flat cleared land adjacent to major arterials and accessible to a growing suburban population and the country's largest city – with no planning restrictions". New York had a state sales tax, but New Jersey had none, so with the opening of Manhattan department stores in the Bergen Mall (1957), the Garden State Plaza (1957) and Alexander's (1961), Paramus became the "first stop outside New York City for shopping". From 1948 to 1958, the population of Paramus nearly quadrupled, from 6,000 to 23,000, whilw the number of retail establishments tripled from 111 to 319, and annual retail sales increased twenty-fold in nominal dollars, from $5.5 million (equivalent to $62 million in 2021) to $112 million (equal to $1.1 billion in 2021). By the 1980s, when the population had increased slightly over 1960s levels, retail sales had climbed to $1 billion.
Paramus was the scene of one of the worst COVID-19 outbreaks in the U.S. when an outbreak at the New Jersey Veterans Home resulted in 74 deaths, all former soldiers through May 2020, with some 60% of the home's 314 residents being infected.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 10.51 square miles (27.21 km2), including 10.45 square miles (27.05 km2) of land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km2) of water (0.60%).
The borough borders the Bergen County municipalities of Emerson, Fair Lawn, Glen Rock, Hackensack, Maywood, Oradell, Ridgewood, River Edge, Rochelle Park, Saddle Brook and Washington Township.
Named neighborhoods within the borough include Arcola, Bergen Place, Dunkerhook, Fairway Oaks, and Spring Valley.
Demographics
2010 census
The 2010 United States census counted 26,342 people, 8,630 households, and 6,939 families in the borough. The population density was 2,516.0 per square mile (971.4/km2). There were 8,915 housing units at an average density of 851.5 per square mile (328.8/km2). The racial makeup was 72.29% (19,042) White, 1.42% (374) Black or African American, 0.11% (28) Native American, 22.28% (5,869) Asian, 0.05% (13) Pacific Islander, 1.39% (366) from other races, and 2.47% (650) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.26% (1,913) of the population. 6.9% of residents self-identified as being Korean American, which makes it the largest ethnic minority group in the borough.
Of the 8,630 households, 33.8% had children under the age of 18; 68.4% were married couples living together; 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present and 19.6% were non-families. Of all households, 17.8% were made up of individuals and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.32.
21.5% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 19.2% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 94.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 91.7 males.
The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $104,986 (with a margin of error of +/− $9,111) and the median family income was $123,848 (+/− $7,952). Males had a median income of $77,325 (+/− $5,222) versus $52,702 (+/− $4,983) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $40,024. About 1.6% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.
Same-sex couples headed 35 households in 2010, more than double the 17 counted in the 2000 census.
2000 census
As of the 2000 United States census there were 25,737 people, 8,082 households, and 6,780 families residing in the borough. The population density was 2,457.7 people per square mile (949.1/km2). There were 8,209 housing units at an average density of 783.9 per square mile (302.7/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 79.19% White, 1.13% African American, 0.05% Native American, 17.23% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.89% from other races, and 1.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.87% of the population.
There were 8,082 households, out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.3% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.1% were non-families. 14.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.32.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $76,918, and the median income for a family was $84,406. Males had a median income of $56,635 versus $37,450 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $29,295. About 1.4% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Corporate headquarters
Paramus was home to the America regional headquarters of Hanjin Shipping, located on the eastbound side of Route 4 before it declared bankruptcy in 2017. Hudson City Bancorp had its headquarters located at West 80 Century Road until its acquisition by M&T Bank, which was completed in 2015. Movado Group Inc. is a watchmaker with its headquarters on From Road. Suez North America, founded as Hackensack Water Company in 1869 and later named United Water, is an American water service company headquartered in Paramus. Coach USA is a large tour operator with its headquarters in Paramus, at the offices of its Community Coach subsidiary. Kristian Regale is a non-alcoholic beverage company based in Paramus.
Paramus was the former headquarters location for Toys "R" Us before the company relocated to Wayne, New Jersey, in 2002 and went bankrupt. Paramus was also the headquarters of Magic Solutions, a defunct computer software company that specialized in help desk automation and asset management software.
Malls
Garden State Plaza
Paramus Park
Bergen Town Center
Fashion Center
Paramus is known for its multitude of stores and malls. It has five major indoor shopping centers, serving residents in the areas of Bergen County and Passaic County in New Jersey and Rockland County in New York. New Jersey does not levy a sales tax on clothes and shoes, which makes it an attractive shopping destination for people even further away in New York City, who pay sales tax on clothing items above $110 in price, in addition to the lower standard rate of 6.625% in New Jersey, compared to 8.875% in New York City. The borough is one of the largest shopping destinations in the country, generating over $6 billion in annual retail sales, more than any other ZIP Code in the United States despite the county's blue laws. At the intersection of Routes 4 and 17 is Garden State Plaza, the largest and best-known mall in the borough. Westfield Garden State Plaza is the largest mall in the Westfield Group's global portfolio and the largest in New Jersey, with a gross leasable area of 2,128,402 square feet (200,000 m2). On Route 4, are Bergen Town Center (known as the Bergen Mall until 2006), Paramus Place and The Shoppes on IV. On Route 17, are Paramus Park, Paramus Towne Square, Paramus Design Center, and the Fashion Center.
Many national chain stores have locations in Paramus. Nordstrom's Paramus location was its first New York area store when it opened in September 1990 with strong sales volume. There are 25 retailers that occupy multiple stores in Paramus, including Macy's which had outlets in three malls for a period of time. Some retail analysts view Paramus as being two markets, centered on the two major highways. Lord & Taylor has locations at both Westfield Garden State Plaza and Fashion Center, giving Paramus the distinction of the only town with more than one Lord & Taylor location. Toys "R" Us had two locations: at the Fashion Center, and at a location on the eastbound side of Route 4 near Forest Avenue. Paramus also housed a Babies "R" Us on the northbound side of Route 17, but it closed in 2018. Later that year, the Fashion Center and Route 4 Toys "R" Us locations closed due to the company's bankruptcy. In 1983, Paramus was one of the first locations opening a Kids "R" Us store. When Toys "R" Us was revived in 2019 after emerging from bankruptcy, the first new Toys "R" Us store opened at Garden State Plaza on November 27, 2019. However, it closed again on January 26, 2021, as a result of financial losses caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. H&M has three locations in Paramus: Paramus Park, Westfield Garden State Plaza, and The Outlets at Bergen Town Center.
Blue laws
In addition to the state blue laws that apply to all of Bergen County, Paramus has even stricter restrictions preventing stores selling non-food items from opening on Sundays. These laws were enacted shortly after Garden State Plaza opened out of fear that the mall would cause high levels of congestion in the borough. It is one of the last places in the United States to have such an extensive blue law. This law was called into question when a BJ's Wholesale Club opened at the Routes 4/17 junction. BJ's was allowed to open on Sundays, but is only allowed to sell food and basic necessities. The store has been structured to restrict access to items that cannot be purchased on Sunday.
Local blue laws in Paramus were first proposed in 1957, while the Bergen Mall and Garden State Plaza were under construction. The legislation was motivated by fears that the two new malls would aggravate the already-severe highway congestion caused by local retail businesses along the borough's highways.
The Paramus Borough Code forbids the performance of any "worldly employment" on Sunday, with exceptions for charity, and the sale of newspapers, medicinal drugs, meals, prepared food and cigarettes, among a limited number of exceptions. Even work performed inside one's own home is prohibited on Sunday, though how this could be enforced is questionable. In spite of its six-day shopping week, Paramus consistently has the most retail sales of any ZIP Code in the United States.
More than 63% of Bergen County voters rejected a referendum on the ballot in 1993 that would have repealed the county's blue laws, though the Paramus restrictions would have remained in place. An unsuccessful 2010 proposal by Governor of New Jersey Chris Christie would have ended the state's blue laws (now only enforced in Bergen County), with the governor citing industry estimates that the $1.1 billion in added retail revenue on Sundays would generate an additional $65 million in sales taxes for the state. In November 2012, Governor Chris Christie issued an executive order temporarily suspending the blue laws in both Bergen County and Paramus due to the effects of Hurricane Sandy, a decision that was upheld despite a court challenge by the Borough of Paramus. The blue law suspension was in effect on Sunday, November 11, but was back in effect the following Sunday.
Timeline of malls and shopping centers
Due to the stricter version of the blue laws in Paramus, malls (and almost all retail establishments) in the borough are closed on Sunday except for restaurants and other exempted establishments. Stores may not open before 7:00 AM or remain open after 11:00 PM.
Arts and culture
One of the earliest drive-in theaters opened in Paramus, featuring what was said to be the world's largest and brightest screen, located behind what is now Westfield Garden State Plaza. The Paramus Drive-In closed in 1987 after the last movie presentation, a double-feature of "Crocodile" Dundee and The Untouchables.
Currently, Paramus' lone movie theater complex is a 16-screen AMC Theatres located in an area of new construction at Westfield Garden State Plaza. Prior to the opening of the AMC complex, a number of theatres were closed in the borough, including the Route 4 Tenplex and the Cineplex Odeon Route 17 Triplex, once located next to Westfield Garden State Plaza on Route 17. The Triplex and Tenplex theatres was opened on October 12, 1965, by Century Theatres and was closed on May 24, 2007, by Loews Cineplex Entertainment. On May 25, 2007, the new AMC Theatres opened at Westfield Garden State Plaza. The Paramus Picture Show, known as Cinema 35 until 1997, closed in December 2004 in the wake of declining attendance. A 12-screen Regal Cinemas was planned to open at Paramus Park as part of renovations that would have replaced the Sears store with a Stew Leonard's location. However, the plans were cancelled after Stew Leonard's took up more space than expected.
The Bergen Town Center had a performing arts theater called "Playhouse on the Mall". It had a seating capacity of 635 seats and was opened in 1960. From 1960 to 1970, author Robert Ludlum was the manager of the theater. The theater closed in 1982 due to rising costs and low attendance and was converted into retail space in 1986.
In 2016, the Garden State Plaza added a Bergen Performing Arts Center performance area for shows and performances located near Macy's, which took up the former space of the Venetian carousel. There was also a Bergen PAC ticket center located near the performance area. The Bergen PAC performance area, however, was short lived as it was replaced by a video game theater, then it became a lounge area in 2017.
The glam metal band, Trixter, formed in Paramus. The hardcore/punk rock band The Escape Engine formed in the borough from 2002 to 2006.
Parks and recreation
Paramus is the home to two county parks. On the eastern side of the borough is Van Saun County Park, a 146-acre (59 ha) park that features Bergen County's only zoo, home to a wide variety of wild and domestic animals living in recreated habitats natural to each species. Van Saun Park also has a playground, train ride, carousel, athletic fields, and pony rides. The Washington Spring site in the park takes its name from reports that General Washington drank water from the spring here while his troops were encamped nearby, west of the Hackensack River. The Continental Army is reported to have utilized the old spring at the base of these slopes during the September encampment west of the Hackensack River.
On the western side of the borough is Saddle River County Park which features a 6-mile (9.7 km) bike path reaching from Ridgewood to Rochelle Park.
The borough has four golf courses. Two are open to the public, with the Paramus Golf Course operated by the borough and Orchard Hills County Golf Course operated by the county. The two private golf course located in Paramus are the Ridgewood Country Club and Arcola Country Club. Ridgewood Country Club was ranked as the #6 Center Ranked Among Top 500 Holes in the World Golf Magazine – 2000 and Ranked # 84 on the list of Most Prestigious Clubs in America Golf Connoisseur – 2006.
In 2008, the Paramus Golf Course opened a miniature golf course that is themed after the borough of Paramus as well as the state of New Jersey. Turkey statues are scattered around the course to celebrate Paramus as the "land of the wild turkeys."
Paramus has an outdoor municipal swimming pool complex on Van Binsberger Boulevard. It has three pools: a main pool, a pool for younger swimmers, and a baby pool. Paramus Little League were the 2011 New Jersey State Little League Baseball Champions.
Arcola Park was an outdoor amusement park built in 1926. It had a huge swimming pool, a convention hall, a dance pavilion, an auditorium, and rides. A fire in 1929 destroyed the entire park, with the exception of the pool. The pool was destroyed by another fire in 1970 and closed down for good. The park site was replaced by a Ramada Inn, the hotel extending into a small portion of Rochelle Park.
Annual events
During the week of the 4th of July, Paramus holds its own Independence Day celebration. First, there is the performance of the Paramus Community Orchestra at the Paramus Bandshell which takes place on July 2. Next, on the 3rd, there is a softball game between the Paramus Fire Department and the Paramus Police Department, held annually since 2011. On the 4th, there is a parade. The parade route starts at the intersection of Century Road and Farview Avenue and ends at Memorial Elementary School. On the 5th, there is a fireworks display at the Cliff Gennarelli Paramus Sportsplex.
Paramus also holds its own Memorial Day parade every year.
Paramus hosts an annual National Night Out. The event typically includes games and activities as well as a concert. The borough's fire, rescue, police, and ambulance vehicles are also displayed.
The Paramus Rescue Squad and Fire Department Companies 2 & 3 host a Halloween party every October called, "Safe Halloween" to ensure every child has a safe and fun Halloween.
The Paramus Fire Department also has its annual "Santa Detail" every December. The fire department drives throughout the borough on the Sunday before Christmas with Santa riding atop the fire apparatus. Members of the department accompany Santa and give out lollipops to residents who come outside during the tour.
Government
Local government
Paramus is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 564) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body is comprised of a Mayor and a Borough Council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council is comprised of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. The Borough form of government used by Paramus is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.
As of 2023[update], the Mayor is Republican Chris DiPiazza, whose term of office ends December 31, 2026. Borough Council members are Council President Jeanne T. Weber (R, 2025), Ace A. Antonio (R, 2024), Maria Elena Bellinger (D, 2023), Robert Kaiser (R, 2024), Al Nadera (R, 2023; appointed to serve an unexpired term) and Jorge E. Quintana (R, 2025).
In February 2023, the borough council appointed Al Nadera to fill the seat expiring in December 2023 that became vacant when Chris DiPiazza took office as mayor.
In October 2015, Moody's Investors Service upgraded general obligation debt of the Borough of Paramus from Aa1 to Aaa, in light of the low levels of debt and the strength of the borough's financial operations, reserve levels, tax base, management practices and levels of wealth.
Federal, state and county representation
Paramus is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 38th state legislative district.
For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's Fifth Congressional District is represented by Josh Gottheimer (D, Wyckoff). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027) and Bob Menendez (Harrison, term ends 2025).
For the 2022–2023 session, the 38th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Joseph Lagana (D, Paramus) and in the General Assembly by Lisa Swain (D, Fair Lawn) and Chris Tully (D, Bergenfield).
Bergen County is governed by a directly elected County Executive, with legislative functions performed by a Board of County Commissioners comprised of seven members who are elected at-large in partisan elections on a staggered basis, with two or three seats coming up for election each November; a Chairman, Vice Chairman and Chairman Pro Tempore are selected from among its seven members at a reorganization meeting held every January. Other Bergen County Constitutional Offices are the County Clerk and County Surrogate (both elected for five-year terms of office) and the County Sheriff (elected for a three-year term). As of 2022[update], the county executive is Democratic James J. Tedesco III of Paramus, whose term of office ends December 31, 2022. Bergen County's Commissioners are Chairwoman Tracy Silna Zur (D, Franklin Lakes, term as commissioner ends December 31, 2024; term as chairwoman ends 2022), Vice Chairman Thomas J. Sullivan Jr. (D, Montvale, 2022), Chair Pro Tempore Joan Voss (D, Fort Lee, 2023), Mary J. Amoroso (D, Mahwah, 2022), Ramon M. Hache Sr. (D, Ridgewood, 2023), Germaine M. Ortiz (D, Emerson, 2022) and Steven A. Tanelli (D, North Arlington, 2024). Bergen County's constitutional officials are County Clerk John S. Hogan (D, Northvale, 2026), Sheriff Anthony Cureton (D, Englewood, 2022) Surrogate Michael R. Dressler (D, Cresskill, 2026).[needs update]
Politics
As of March 2011, there were a total of 16,874 registered voters in Paramus, of which 4,454 (26.4% vs. 31.7% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 3,474 (20.6% vs. 21.1%) were registered as Republicans and 8,938 (53.0% vs. 47.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 8 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens. Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 64.1% (vs. 57.1% in Bergen County) were registered to vote, including 81.6% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 73.7% countywide).
In the 2016 presidential election, Republican Donald Trump received 6,565 votes (49.5% vs. 41.1% countywide), ahead of Democrat Hillary Clinton with 6,312 votes (47.6% vs. 54.2%) and other candidates with 389 votes (2.9% vs. 4.6%), among the 13,434 ballots cast by the borough's 18,526 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.5% (vs. 72.5% in Bergen County). In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 6,123 votes here (50.0% vs. 43.5% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 5,907 votes (48.3% vs. 54.8%) and other candidates with 105 votes (0.9% vs. 0.9%), among the 12,234 ballots cast by the borough's 17,617 registered voters, for a turnout of 69.4% (vs. 70.4% in Bergen County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 6,885 votes here (51.1% vs. 44.5% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 6,386 votes (47.4% vs. 53.9%) and other candidates with 106 votes (0.8% vs. 0.8%), among the 13,470 ballots cast by the borough's 17,747 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.9% (vs. 76.8% in Bergen County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 6,868 votes here (52.3% vs. 47.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 6,103 votes (46.5% vs. 51.7%) and other candidates with 87 votes (0.7% vs. 0.7%), among the 13,123 ballots cast by the borough's 17,206 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.3% (vs. 76.9% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 64.4% of the vote (4,888 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 34.8% (2,641 votes), and other candidates with 0.8% (60 votes), among the 7,809 ballots cast by the borough's 17,083 registered voters (220 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 45.7%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 4,298 votes here (49.7% vs. 45.8% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 3,857 votes (44.6% vs. 48.0%), Independent Chris Daggett with 376 votes (4.3% vs. 4.7%) and other candidates with 32 votes (0.4% vs. 0.5%), among the 8,656 ballots cast by the borough's 17,354 registered voters, yielding a 49.9% turnout (vs. 50.0% in the county).
Education
The Paramus Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2019–20 school year, the eight-school district had an enrollment of 3,760 students and 332.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.3:1. Schools in the district, with 2019–20 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics, are Memorial Elementary School (302 students in grades K–4), Midland Elementary School (177 students in grades K–4), Parkway Elementary School (314 students in grades Pre-K–4), Ridge Ranch Elementary School (337 students in grades K–4), Stony Lane Elementary School (186 students in grades K–4), East Brook Middle School (575 students in grades 5–8), West Brook Middle School (577 students in grades 5–8) and Paramus High School (1,253 students in grades 9–12).
Three of the district's schools have been formally recognized with the National Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence: Paramus High School in 1988–1989, Parkway Elementary School in 1987–1988 and Ridge Ranch Elementary School in 1998–1999.
Public school students from the borough, and all of Bergen County, are eligible to attend the secondary education programs offered by the Bergen County Technical Schools, which include the Bergen County Academies in Hackensack, and the Bergen Tech campus in Teterboro or Bergen Tech campus in Paramus. The district offers programs on a shared-time or full-time basis, with admission based on a selective application process and tuition covered by the student's home school district.
Paramus is home to many private religious schools. Paramus Catholic High School is a co-educational Roman Catholic high school founded in 1965 and operated by the Archdiocese of Newark. With more than 1,500 students, it has the largest enrollment of any Roman Catholic high school in the state of New Jersey. It is also the location of Visitation Academy, a Pre-K3–8 Catholic school also overseen by the Newark Archdiocese.
K–8 co-ed Jewish day schools in Paramus include Yavneh Academy; Yeshivat Noam, founded in 2001; and Ben Porat Yosef, which was established in 2001 and relocated to Paramus in 2008. Frisch School is a Modern Orthodox Jewish yeshiva serving grades 9–12 that describes itself as the nation's second-largest coed yeshiva high school.
Bergen Community College is based in Paramus, with other satellite centers located around the county. The bulk of the college's 17,000 students working towards degrees are located at the main campus in Paramus. The Bergen campus of Berkeley College is located in Paramus. There is also a DeVry University campus located at the 35 Plaza Shopping Center in Paramus. There is a Lincoln Tech campus at Bergen Town Center.
Paramus is home to four special education schools. New Alliance Academy, located on Midland Ave, provides educational and ancillary therapeutic services for high school teenagers experiencing acute psychological distress. The EPIC School (Educational Partnership for Instructing Children) is located on North Farview Avenue, next to the Our Lady of Visitation Church. The Alpine Learning Group is located on County Route 62, close to Linwood Avenue, and P.R.I.D.E. School, which is a part of the ECLC school, which serves three other locations in New Jersey, has a location on Sette Drive. The Bergen County Special Services School District, which provides public special education services on a countywide basis, is headquartered in Paramus.
Public library
The borough's public library maintains two locations—the Main Library on Century Road and the Charles E. Reid Branch library on Midland Avenue, which was originally a four-room schoolhouse built in 1876.
The borough's original public library, known locally as the Howland House, was originally located at the intersection of Spring Valley Road and Howland Avenue. It was demolished sometime in the late 1990s. A September 11, 2001 memorial park now exists at the site known as Howland Memorial Grove.
Healthcare
Transportation
Roads and highways
As of July 2015[update], the borough had a total of 121.92 miles (196.21 km) of roadways, of which 90.93 miles (146.34 km) were maintained by the municipality, 18.86 miles (30.35 km) by Bergen County, 7.72 miles (12.42 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation, and 4.41 miles (7.10 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.
Highways in Paramus include Route 17, Route 4 and the Garden State Parkway (including the Paramus Toll Plaza at Interchange 165).
Public transportation
NJ Transit bus routes 144, 145, 148, 155, 157, 162, 163, 164, 165 and 168 serve the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan; the 171 and 175 routes provide service to the George Washington Bridge Bus Station; and local service is offered on the 709, 722, 751, 752, 753, 755, 756, 758, 762 and 770 routes. Nine of the 22 NJ Transit buses that serve Paramus do not provide service on Sundays. The 722 does not provide services on Saturdays and Sundays.
Coach USA provides bus service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal via Rockland Coaches routes 45/45A/45X from Pomona, New York, and via Short Line on Route 17.
Spanish Transportation and several other operators provide frequent jitney service along Route 4 between Paterson, New Jersey, and the George Washington Bridge Bus Station.
Points of interest
Historic sites
Paramus is home to the following locations on the National Register of Historic Places:
Other points of interest
Emergency services
Fire/rescue services
The Paramus Fire Department is a volunteer fire department that has a total of about 130 members who are on call around-the-clock, 365 days a year. Over the last several years, the number of calls for service that the fire department has responded to averages about 1,300 calls per year. The mission of the Paramus Fire Department is to protect the lives and property of the community. The fire department comprises four fire companies:
Paramus also has a separate volunteer rescue squad (Rescue 7 & Rescue 9) located on West Jockish Square that specializes in motor vehicle extrication, as well as a marine unit for responses involving water rescues.
Ambulance and police
The borough's Emergency Medical Services department is staffed 24 hours a day. A separate volunteer Ambulance Corps exists, largely for stand-by purposes at large events. The Volunteer Ambulance Corps station is located on East Midland Avenue. The Paramus Police Department, which responds to 60,000 calls annually, is located on Carlough Drive right next to borough hall.
Emergency management
The borough of Paramus has an emergency management department that is required by state and law to develop emergency plans to protect people and property in the event of any emergency or disaster. The Emergency Management offices are located on Carlough Drive in the Paramus Life Safety Complex next to borough hall, the police department, and the rescue squad.
In popular culture
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Paramus include: | d743bd10-d38a-41e5-aca8-845468bfba78 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Belgium"} | Water supply and sanitation in Belgium is provided by a large variety of organizations: Most of the 581 municipalities of Belgium have delegated the responsibility for water supply and sanitation to regional or inter-municipal utilities. There are more than 62 water supply utilities, including 2 regional, 30 inter-municipal and 30 municipal utilities. Another 100 mostly small municipalities provide services directly without having a legally of financially separate entity for water supply. Water is not scarce in Belgium and water supply is generally continuous and of good quality. However, wastewater treatment has long lagged behind and Brussels only achieved full treatment of its wastewater in 2007. In 2004 the European Court of Justice ruled condemning Belgium's failure to comply with the EU wastewater directive, and the ruling has not been fully complied with so far. Wallonia satisfies 55% of the national needs in drinking water while it counts only 37% of the population. Flanders and Brussels are dependent on drinking water from Wallonia, at a level of 40% and 98% respectively.
An interesting aspect of the Belgian water and sanitation sector is the recognition of a basic right to water. The Walloon and Brussels Regions have set up Social Funds for Water, which provide financial support to people having difficulties to pay their water bill, while in Flanders everyone has the right to a minimal supply of 15 m3 (41 liter/capita/day) of free water per person per year.
The average water tariff in Belgium for large users in 2008 was Euro 8.92 per cubic meter, the second-highest among 14 industrial countries compared in a recent survey. Between 2003 and 2008 water tariffs in Belgium had increased by 80%, the highest increase in that period among all 14 countries.
Water resources
Belgium's water resources are distributed among five river basins, the two main ones being the Meuse and the Scheldt that both take their source in France and flow into the sea in the Netherlands. The major aquifers are located in Wallonia. Belgium does not face water stress, despite its high density of population. Internal water availability is around 12,000 million m3/year (average 1990–2004), or 1,168 m3/capita/year. The yield of groundwater is around 900 million m3, exploited at a rate of 75%. This picture hides strong regional disparities, with the North dependent from the South. Wallonia satisfies 55% of the national needs in drinking water while it counts only 37% of the population. Flanders and Brussels are dependent on drinking water from Wallonia, at a level of 40% and 98% respectively. The picture is complicated by the strong dependence of the Netherlands on the water of the Meuse for its drinking water production.
Drinking water production withdraws 707 million m3 in 2005 (10% of the total withdrawals), 65% produced from groundwater, often distributed without prior treatment, and 35% from surface water, more expensive to produce. For example, Brussels receives its water from springs, groundwater and the Meuse, all located in the Walloon region. Modave in the Hoyoux valley, located more than 100 km Southwest of Brussels, produces about 20% of the capital's water supply from galleries in the hills surrounding the valley. In Mons surface water from the Meuse is treated to provide another 30% of the city's water needs; in Vedrin, part of Namur, water is pumped from an abandoned pyrite mine; springs in Genappe, wells in Waterloo and Zaventem, and mines in Ligny and Écaussinnes provide the remainder of Brussel's water supply. The city of Antwerp is supplied with water from the Albert Canal. The city of Liège is supplied from wells pumping from the Hesbaye aquifer.
Distribution losses are estimated at 13%. According to some sources residential water consumption was 106 liter/capita/day, while other sources say it was 135 liter/capita/day in 2003, down from 171 liter/capita/day in 1995.
Infrastructure
In 2005 the length of the drinking water network was 101,026 km with 4 million connections. In 2001 Belgium had 511 wastewater treatment plants serving 6.6 m inhabitants. 90% of the population was connected to sewers and 47% of the population had its wastewater treated in a public wastewater treatment plant. In 2003 the number of wastewater treatment plants had increased to 541.
History and recent developments
Attempt at creating basin agencies
Before World War II, Belgian policymakers focused on drinking water supply with little emphasis on sanitation. The national water company Société Nationale de Distribution d'Eau (SNDE) or Nationale Maatschappij der Waterleidingen was set up in 1923 to provide water supply where municipalities did not have the ability to do so on their own. After the war the emphasis moved to the management of wastewater with an initial focus on industries. In 1963, authorities admitted that there was a lack of implementation and the institutional arrangement was redesigned: Through the law of 1967 on the regulation of non-navigable rivers and the laws of 1971 on the protection of surface and groundwater the Central State attempted to reinforce its competence to the detriment of the municipalities. The Minister of Public Health promoted the creation of three public companies of purification responsible of the collective systems of purification and with a power of advice on industrial discharges in surface water. The territory of the companies corresponded to three water basins (the Coast, Meuse and Scheldt), and not to the three Belgian regions. This design did not anticipate the federalisation process launched in 1970. Implementation thus failed once again: The laws on the protection of groundwater and surface water have not been implemented and the purification companies have functionally created.
The regionalization of policy and institutions
The Regions start to develop their own water policy from 1974 onwards. Intercommunales were created in Wallonia since 1977. In the 1980s the first regional water decrees focus on the protection of potential drinking water. The SNDE breaks apart in the early 1980s, splitting into the Société Wallonne des Distributions d'Eau (SWDE) renamed Société wallonne des eaux [fr] and the Vlaamse Maatschappij voor Watervoorziening (VMW), renamed De Watergroep According to The Evolution of the Natural Water Regime in Belgium, "[t]he different regional water regimes end up being very dissimilar, as they are inspired by different models from abroad (France and the Netherlands)."
Lagging behind on wastewater treatment
The 1994 European directive on wastewater raises the pressure on Member States to act on wastewater treatment. Despite major efforts undertaken in this respect, Belgium lagged behind in its implementation of the directive. In 2000 the European Commission observed that the Flanders Region has failed to identify sensitive areas correctly, that the Walloon Region has failed to apply the treatment requirements for urban waste waters discharged into sensitive areas, that both the Brussels and Walloon Regions have failed to provide the Commission with adequate implementation programs and that all the Belgian Regions have failed to ensure that appropriate collection and treatment systems have been established. In 2004 the European Court of Justice ruled condemning Belgium's failure to comply with the wastewater directive in that 114 settlements in Flanders, 60 in Wallonia and Brussels-Capital had either no wastewater collection systems or did not ensure that wastewaters were made subject to specific phosphorus and nitrogen treatment before being discharged into the natural environment.
Case study:Wastewater treatment in Brussels
The Brussels-Capital Region is part of the Senne basin, itself being part of the Scheldt (Escaut) basin. The Senne, which had become a heavily polluted drain, was covered at the end of the 19th century when parts of the river disappeared under boulevards. During the 1950s it was completely covered, with a mixture of storm water and untreated wastewater being discharged into the environment until 2007. To remedy this situation, a wastewater management plan was put together in the 1980s and early 1990s by the Brussels and Flanders regions. It foresaw the construction of two wastewater treatment plants, one in the South and the other in the North. The Brussels-South wastewater treatment plant, situated between Anderlecht and Forest, came into service in July 2000. It treats about a third of the Brussels's wastewater. A 20-year Built-Operate Transfer contract for the larger Brussels-North wastewater treatment plant was awarded to Acquiris, a consortium led by Veolia Water, in 2001. The plant was completed in March 2007 and discharges into the Brussels–Scheldt Maritime Canal.
Introducing the basic right to water
Flemish Region. Since 1997, the Flemish Region has recognised that "every customer is entitled to a basic uninterrupted supply of [...] water for household purposes in order to be able to live decently according to prevailing living standards".
Walloon region. Since 2003, the right to equitable access to water for everyone has been a point of Walloon law, with a tax of 0,0125 euros/m3 going into a Social Fund set up to help pay for water for those in francophone areas who cannot afford it. There was no assistance provided for communities speaking German. In 2008, the IELRC reported that Wallonia was also "in the process of introducing a new water tax to finance water projects in selected developing countries".
Belgian constitution. If a 2006 proposal before the Belgian Senate is passed, the Constitution of Belgium will be amended with a new paragraph on Article 23 recognising a constitutional "right to an adequate water supply, sufficient in quality and quantity".
Responsibility for service provision
Belgium is a Federal State composed by three regions: the Flemish region, the Walloon region and the Brussels-Capital region.
Policy and regulation
The governments of the regions are responsible policy and regulation related to water supply and sanitation, and for environmental policy more generally. Within the regional governments, the leading role is assured by the regional administrations of the environment: The Flemish Ministry Energy, the Environment and Nature with its environmental agency in Flanders, the Direction générale des Ressources naturelles et de l'Environnement (DGRNE) in Wallonia and the Institut Bruxellois pour la Gestion de l'Environnement (IBGE) in Brussels. The Federal Government has only a very limited role in water supply and sanitation.
Service provision
The 589 municipalities of Belgium (308 in the Flemish region with 6.2 million inhabitants, 262 in the Walloon region with 3.4 million inhabitants and 19 in Brussels with 1.1 million inhabitants) are responsible for providing drinking water and sanitation services. However, most municipalities have delegated this task to regional or inter-municipal water or sanitation companies. In total, according to one source there were 72 water supply companies in Belgium in 2005. However, another source indicates that there were more than about 62 water supply companies, including 2 regional companies, 30 inter-municipal utilities and 30 municipal utilities. Another 100 mostly small municipalities provide services directly without having a legally of financially separate entity for water supply.
Flanders
De Watergroep (formerly Vlaamse Maatschappij voor Watervoorziening, VMW) is the regional water company in Flanders providing water and sewer services to 2.6 million clients in 170 municipalities. Water-link (formerly Antwerp Water Works, Antwerpse Waterwerken, AWW) is the provider of drinking water to 7 municipalities in the Antwerp region - Antwerp, Mortsel, Boechout, Edegem, Kontich, Hove, Zwijndrecht and Kapellen - and FARYS [nl] (formerly TMVW) is the service provider in 67 municipalities in the Gent region. Aquafin is a regional wastewater treatment company in Flanders. It was established in 1990 by the Flemish government, which is also its major shareholder. Its mission is to design, finance, build and operate all supramunicipal infrastructure needed to treat domestic wastewater and to optimise all main sewer and sewage treatment plants which Aquafin took over from the Flemish Environmental Agency. The private British water company Severn Trent held a 20% minority share in Aquafin until it was sold to the Flemish government in 2006.
Wallonia
The Société wallonne des eaux (called SWDE after its former name Société Wallonne des Distributions d'Eau) is the most important water service provider in Wallonia with about 960,000 connections and 2.4 million clients in 200 municipalities, providing water to about 70% of the population of Wallonia. SWDE does not provide sanitation services.
Besides SWDE there are seven intermunicipal water utilities in Wallonia:
The towns of Chimay, Burg-Reuland, Trois-Ponts and St-Vith have their own municipal utilities.
There are also six intermunicipal sanitation utilities:
There is also one intermunicipal water and sanitation utility: IDEA - Intercommunale de Développement Economique et d'Aménagement de la Région Mons-Borinage-Centre.
The seats in the boards of directors of the intercommunales are distributed according to political majorities in the communes. "Most intercommunales are controlled by coalitions between the (Walloon) Socialist Party and the (Walloon) Christian Democrats Party."
Brussels region
The Intercommunale bruxelloise de distribution d'eau (IBDE) is in charge of water distribution and billing for 19 municipalities in the Brussels region. Previously the Intercommunale Bruxelloise d'Assainissement (IBRA) had been in charge of stormwater drainage and sanitary sewers in the Brusels region, which had only been created in 2000 to replace four Intercommunales for Sanitation. The former Compagnie Intercommunale Bruxelloise des Eaux (CIBE), renamed Vivaqua in 2006, sells bulk water to the city of Brussels. It also operates its sewer network and the Brussels-South wastewater treatment plant on behalf of IBDE. Vivaqua also provides services to other municipalities and intermunicipal associations in both Flanders and Wallonia with a total of 309,000 connections and 2.1 million direct and indirect clients.
Associations
BELGAQUA is the Belgian federation for the water and sanitation sector representing its member utilities. It regroups three regional trade associations:
Aquawal is the trade association of public water and sanitation service providers in Wallonia.
Financial aspects
Tariffs
Water tariffs throughout Belgium are increasing-block tariffs with higher unit prices for higher consumption. The number and size of blocks as well as tariff levels for each block vary between regions and service providers. Although PIDPA (in the Flemisch Region, the Antwerp Campine (de Kempen in Dutch)) has changed this in 2009. The unit price has risen for those who have a low consumption (<250 Cu meter/year), and fallen for higher volumes (+ 250 Cu meter/year). The price is now the same.
Flemish region. Everyone has the right to a minimal supply of 15 cubic meters (41 liter/capita/day) of free water per person per year. Concerning sanitation, those living under the Minimum Subsistence Level are exempt from the sanitation tax.
Walloon region. For water, there is an increasing-block tariff with four blocks of consumption. The first block is up to 30 cubic meter per household per year (82 liter/household/day).
Brussels region. The increasing-block tariff has also four blocks, the highest beginning at 60 cubic meter per person per year. The first cubic meter costs 3.8 times less than the highest one. A Social Fund for Water has also been set up, financed by a tax of 0.01 Euro/cubic meter.
Financing
Walloon region. The Walloon region has established a public company dedicated to the financing and operation of sanitation infrastructure and watershed protection. The Société Publique de Gestion de l'Eau (SPGE), created in 1999, operates under five-year performance contracts with the government. Tariffs are being monitored by an independent entity (Comité de Contrôle) and results are independently monitored by a Collège d'Evaluation. Its two core functions are carried out in two different ways:
SPGE finances its investments from its capital, through long-term loans from the European Investment Bank (EIB) and other sources, as well as through short-term borrowing.
More than 80% of SPGE is owned by public entities - almost 40% by the Walloon regional government, 24% by Aquawal and 20% by SWE - and less than 20% is owned by private companies, including about 10% by Dexia and 5% by Auxipar.
Flanders region. In Flanders, the public company Aquafin is a major financier of sanitation and also benefits from long-term lending provided by the EIB. | 447780af-b51c-4341-8ad1-f99bd0474d6c |
null | American football player (born 1978)
American football player
Darnerien Richard McCants (born August 1, 1978) is a former gridiron football wide receiver. He was drafted by the Washington Redskins in the fifth round of the 2001 NFL Draft. He played college football at Delaware State.
McCants played for the Philadelphia Eagles, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Baltimore Ravens and Montreal Alouettes.
Early years
As a senior at Arundel High School in Gambrills, Maryland, McCants was an All-State, All-County and All-Metro selection in one season of organized high school football. He led his teams to county and regional championships.
McCants was also a state champion in the high jump.
McCants previously played one year of JV football at Oakland Mills High School in Columbia, Maryland before transferring to Arundel.[citation needed]
He spent his freshman year at Wilde Lake High School in Columbia, Maryland.
College career
At Delaware State University, McCants played his best season as a senior, at tight end, tallying career-highs of 36 catches, 692 receiving yards and 18 touchdowns. His touchdown total set Delaware State and MEAC records, and was No. 1 in NCAA Division I-AA.
Professional career
Washington Redskins
McCants was drafted by the Washington Redskins in the fifth round of the 2001 NFL Draft. After showing promise as an end zone threat in 2003, He fell out of favor with the new coaching staff and spent much of 2004 on the inactive list. He was released after the 2004 season.
Philadelphia Eagles
Before the 2005 season McCants signed with the Philadelphia Eagles. When active in 2005, he primarily played on special teams. He was released prior to the 2006 season.
Hamilton Tiger-Cats
On July 11, 2007, McCants was signed by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats with whom he played three games.
Team Tennessee
On January 26, 2008, he was selected 38th overall by Team Tennessee in the 2008 AAFL Draft.
Baltimore Ravens
On July 25, 2008, McCants signed with the Baltimore Ravens. He was later released on August 26.
Montreal Alouettes
On December 18, 2008, McCants signed with the Montreal Alouettes.
He was released by the Alouettes on March 17, 2009.
Music career
Outside of football, Darnerien is an R&B singer, signed by the record label MacVizion LLC. McCants says his music is inspired by artists such as R. Kelly and Michael Jackson.
Coaching
McCants worked as a personal trainer upon retiring from football in 2009. McCants lives in Ashburn, Virginia and prior to 2019 he coached there at both Briar Woods High School and Rock Ridge High School for six years. In 2019 McCants became a jumping coach for the track team at Wilde Lake High School in Columbia, Maryland which he had attended as a freshman. In September 2021, he was listed as Wilde Lake's head coach for cross country and boys indoor track, as well as assistant coach for boys outdoor track.
McCants has expressed the intent to become an educator, having majored in education at Delaware State. In 2020, he started the nonprofit Finding Me Foundation which seeks to combat juvenile delinquency by introducing children to reading.
In 2017 and 2019, McCants played in the biennial Congressional Football Game for Charity, an event featuring members of Congress and former NFL players playing against Capitol Police officers to benefit the Capitol Police Memorial Fund, Our Military Kids and A Advantage 4 Kids. | 8947df89-9385-49a5-83d9-be028da05964 |
null | Australian equestrian
Ernie Barker (6 March 1913 – 14 February 1996) was an Australian equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1956 Summer Olympics. | 78602595-4b01-425c-ac39-f6d54bb291ad |
null | Canton in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
The canton of Moulins-1 (before March 2015: Moulins-Ouest) is an administrative division of the Arrondissement of Moulins in the Allier department in central France. It consists of the western part of the commune of Moulins and its western suburbs. It includes the following communes: | df57cca8-7d71-4332-9e3d-21ebd87a2119 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Serri%C3%A8res"} | Swiss football club
Football club
FC Serrières is a football club from Neuchâtel, Switzerland; the club was founded in 1951, and is currently playing in the 2. Liga Interregional.
Players
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Managers
Presidents
Honours
Domestic
League
Cups | 87a20921-b265-4df0-814b-1fa968bc63a3 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasir_Akhtar"} | Pakistani-British singer, actor, lyricist, director and producer
Yasir Akhtar (born 23 November 1972) is a Pakistani-British filmmaker, singer, songwriter, actor, director and producer. Akhtar is also the owner of film production company called Pegasus Productions
Early life and education
Akhtar was born in a Pakistani Business class family to Mohammad Akhtar Shafi and Rizwana Akhtar where his father Mohammad Akhtar Shafi was a businessman,his siblings including Shazia Akhtar and Aamer Akhter has also been into the showbiz industry. He graduated from Government College of Commerce and Economics, Karachi. Akhtar's mother, Rizwana Akhtar is the elder sister of Javed Jabbar. Before the Pakistan-India partition, Akhtar's maternal grandfather, Ahmed Abdul Jabbar, served as an official of the Government in Nizam of Hyedrabad Deccan - India. Akhtar spent most of his childhood working alongside his first cousin Mehreen Jabbar (filmmaker)[citation needed] at his uncle Javed Jabbar's company
Career in music and performances
Akhtar started his singing career as a vocalist in the band The Arid Zone in 1989. 'The Arid Zone' launched their first album in 1993 through EMI Pakistan. Later he also produced and performed in various songs as a musician and singer like Kabhi Tu Hoga Mera Milan, Chandni, Teray Naal Dil, Jogi, Zara Man Ko Dekhna, Aey Sanam, My love, Chan Mai, Laut Aao Na, Choom Loo Aasman, Sansani, Araam Naal Kar, Assalamualaika Ya Nabi(SAW) etc. Akhtar also performed in various countries like UK, USA, Pakistan, Greece, Spain, UAE etc.
Akhtar launched the musical band ‘The Arid Zone’ with his friends Kamran Jelani (Keyboards) and Shareb Jaffer (Guitarist). The trio started touring nationwide after the release of the first album 'The Arid Zone-Vol1.
Besides performing in Pakistan and United Kingdom, Akhtar has performed internationally in New York, Chicago, California, Washington DC, Greece, Spain and more. Akhtar's musical performances and interviews have been aired on B4U Music, Zee TV, MTV Pakistan, PTV Network, Sony Entertainment, BBC Asian Network and many other prominent television channels.
Releases
‘The Arid Zone - Vol 1’ was released by EMI Pakistan in 1994. Later, Akhtar released ‘The Arid Zone-Jogi’ and ‘Yasir-My Love’. Akhtar has performed the following songs like Kabhi tu Hoga Mera Milan, Chandni, Laut Aao Na, Teray Naal Dil, Zara Man Ko Dekhna, Jogi, Choom Lo Aasmaan Ko, Sohniyeah, Pyar Diyan Gallan, My Love, Aey Sanam, Chan Mai and many more. Akhtar's musical albums were sponsored by Mobilink, Jazz, English Biscuits, Peek Freans, Phillips and other multinational companies.
The musical group 'The Arid Zone' released their second album ‘The Arid Zone - Jogi’in 1997. In 2001, Akhtar released a solo album ‘Yasir-My Love'. The album released successful songs like Aye Sanam, My Love, Chan Mai, SurMai Sey Shaam and many more. The music videos of this album launched the careers of Zara Sheikh (filmstar) and Tooba Siddiqui (model and actress). In 2015, Akhtar went to Turkey to film the music video of the single Sansani - The Sensation. In London, he shot a folk-rap song Araam Naal Kar - Take it Easy in 2018. Some parts of the ‘Take it Easy’ were derived from popular Sufi poet Bulleh Shah. The rap part was written by himself. Akhtar recorded 'Assalamulalaika Ya Nabi" a Naat/Nasheed in 2019 and released it internationally.
As an actor
Akhtar started his career as a child actor in Pakistan's English feature film 'Beyond the Last Mountain'. Akhtar kept on appearing in TV commercials in school days. When Akhtar was 16 years old, he appeared with his younger sister Shazia Akhtar in PTV Network's drama serial 'Dastak' produced by Shahzad Khalil. As a teenager, he appeared as a model in TV commercials of English Biscuits, Peek Freans, Rafhan, Gillette and many other companies. Meanwhile, in the college, Akhtar started appearing as hero in Pakistan's national network's major drama serials. Naming few drama serials where his work was acknowledged were - Tapish, Khawab Suhanay, Yeh Jahan, Kallo, Monsoon, Phir Yun Hua, Machar Party Aaway see Aaway etc.
As director and producer
Akhtar got his first assignment as a Director and Producer at an early age, The executive producer of Combine Productions Ghazanfer Ali gave him work to direct and produce Music Channel Charts in 1994, it was the very first pop chart show of Pakistan. Akhtar also launched the musical drama serial ‘French Toast’ based on a story of the struggle of musical band in 1995. 'French Toast' was aired on Zee TV in the UK and U.S.A as well as on NTM in Pakistan.
Akhtar also produced the first ever telefilm series of Pakistan called Tapal Cinema. The series was loved and acknowledged by the audience and was sponsored by tea company Tapal Tea. The project had six telefilms namely Rahain, Titlee, Shehzadi, Zeher, Chand and Kashish. Akhtar's ‘Tapal Cinema’ launched the careers of Humayun Saeed, Shamoon Abbasi, Javeria Abbasi, Zubair Abbasi and many others.
Mere Ghar Aik Whirlpool was also a known drama serial of Pakistan in 1999 created by Akhtar. The style of brand placement associated with entertainment made the serial popular as Whirlpool name was used in the drama, This idea turned to be profitable for the creators and started a new trend of branded drama serials in Pakistan. The project was sponsored by Phillips - Whirlpool. Artists Like Nida Yasir, Adeel Hayat Ansari, Naeem Shaikh, Salman Saqib Sheikh (Hira Mani’s husband) and many others were introduced to the industry with Mera Ghar Aik Whirlpool.
British Asian drama serial Sard Aag-Cold Fire was produced by Akhtar in 2006. which was filmed in Manchester and London and was aired on Hum TV, for which Akhtar also auditioned new talent from places like Birmingham, London and Manchester. where he Introduced Jessica Bath, Mani Liaqat, Ali Khalid etc. 'Sard Aag' also had actors like Abid Ali, Noman Ijaz, Shalaka Ranadive in the cast list. Akhtar has also organizied events for [High Commission for Pakistan] and Bradford. Akhtar’s productions has been broadcast on channels like BBC, PTV Home, Zee TV, Sony TV, B4U Music, Geo TV, ARY digital.
Protégé
Through Music Channel Charts, Akhtar introduced artists like Shehzad Roy, Fakhar-e-Alam, Najam Sheraz, Komal Rizvi, Fringe Benefits, Jazba, Nadeem Jafri, Azfar Ali and many more to the Pakistani Entertainment Industry. Akhtar produced and directed 50 episodes of pop chart show Music Channel Charts. As a director and producer, Akhtar launched the careers of many artists like Armeena Rana Khan, Tooba Siddiqui, Humayun Saeed, Nida Yasir, Javeria Abbasi, Fakhr e Alam, Najam Sheraz, Komal Rizvi, Shehzad Roy, Shamoon Abbasi and various other artists to the Pakistani Industry.
Acting, direction and production
Musical work
Music videos - production work | d7ea9113-f25d-4a13-b32e-a573aaf84e67 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%A4ngn%C3%A4s_Cathedral"} | Church in Strängnäs, Sweden
Strängnäs Cathedral (Swedish: Strängnäs domkyrka) is a Lutheran cathedral church in Strängnäs, Sweden, since the Protestant Reformation the seat of the Church of Sweden Diocese of Strängnäs.
Architecture
Construction of the cathedral began in about 1260 with inaugurated in 1291; additions were created during the 1300s and 1400s. In 1330 the core church itself was completed and it was later supplemented during the Middle Ages with a sacristy, towers and lateral choirs. The present characteristic Baroque-style tower hood was built in 1723.
It is built mainly of bricks in the characteristic Scandinavian Brick Gothic style. The original church was built of wood, probably during the first decades of the 12th century, on a spot where pagan rituals used to take place and where the missionary Saint Eskil was killed during the mid 11th century. The wooden church was not rebuilt in stone and bricks until 1340, just after Strängnäs became a diocese.
The cathedral contains a mixture of decorative styles. The nave, chancel, and sanctuary are highly traditional, with a very large triptych reredos dominating the high altar at the east end of the building. However, two of the side chapels have been refurbished in highly contemporary style, with modern altars, and abstract artistic decoration and religious symbolism.
Prominent burials
The cathedral contains the tombs of Charles IX of Sweden, Sten Sture the Elder, Maria of Palatinate-Simmern and Gustaf Otto Stenbock. On 31 July 2018, the burial regalia (two crowns and an orb) of Charles IX and Christina of Holstein-Gottorp were stolen in a daylight robbery with the thieves escaping by boat. In February 2019 it was reported that the regalia had been found and a man was facing trial accused of the theft.
Strängnäs Cathedral Library
Strängnäs Cathedral Library is one of the oldest surviving and working libraries in Sweden. It dates its origin to the year 1316 when Strängnäs Dominican monastery (according to a record kept by a will) received a widow's donation of books. The library was then built consciously by the bishops Kort Rogge and John Matthiæ. During the 1600s, it was expanded by Christina, Queen of Sweden, through the addition of the spoils of war, especially from the cities of Prague, Olmutz and Nikolsburg. During the 1700s the library expanded through gifts and bequests from learned diocesan clergy. During the 1800s it was kept in the former school building's main hall, and is now in the special Library chancel in the cathedral's northwestern corner. Dr Henrik Aminson (1814-1885) published in 1863 a comprehensive printed directory Bibliotheca Templi Cathedralis Stregnensis, quae maximam partem ex Germania Capta est circa finem belli triginta annorum, descripta, 1-2, of over 600 pages. Most of the printed books are listed in Libris , the Swedish libraries search service. A printed catalogue in two volumes was published in 2017 (Ragnhild Lundgren, Strängnäs domkyrkobibliotek. Systematisk katalog över tryckta böcker).
Gallery | e51d6d8b-eeb5-4a76-bb44-8c7ef5c00204 |
null | Yo-pop is a style of Nigerian popular music, popularized in the 1980s by Segun Adewale. The style did not remain popular for long as it was quickly replaced by afro towards the end of the 1980s.
It was a style influenced by juju music. | 29137e51-7710-4ff9-8bac-30d46b85f737 |
null | Hajiabad is a town in Kotli District, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is located on the Holar-Kotli road, and is a midway point for the travellers coming from Rawalpindi and Islamabad. | 4a01e29d-b4cd-4df8-8b1a-26311a4293eb |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antelope_Valley_California_Poppy_Reserve"} | Nature reserve in Los Angeles County, California, United States
Antelope Valley California Poppy Reserve is a state-protected reserve of California, United States, harboring the most consistent blooms of California poppies, the state flower. The reserve is located in the rural west side of Antelope Valley in northern Los Angeles County, 15 miles (24 km) west of Lancaster. To the north is Kern County. The reserve is at an elevation ranging from 2,600 to 3,000 feet (790 to 910 m) above sea level, in the Mojave Desert climate zone. The reserve is administered by the California Department of Parks and Recreation. Other wildflowers within the reserve include the Owl's Clover, Lupine, Goldfields, Cream Cups and Coreopsis.
The Reserve
The intense blooming season for the California Poppy usually falls within late winter to early spring, during the months of mid-February through mid-May. Blooming seasons are dependent on the amount of rainfall during the winter to early spring seasons. Within the reserve, there are 7 miles (11 km) of trails, including a paved section for wheelchair access, which traverse the poppy fields.
In order to keep the fields in a strictly natural state, California State Parks does not water or stimulate the flowers. The park service also excludes sheep and cattle from grazing the hillsides. Until the early 1970s, sheep once grazed the buttes in the western Antelope Valley. Pronghorn grazed long before then, until the railroad arrived in 1876. With the exception of service dogs, pets are prohibited from the reserve. Under California state law, visitors are also prohibited from taking flowers from the reserve.
Since 1994, controlled fires have been used to regulate dead brush, exotic species and litter within the reserve.
The reserve is located 7 miles (11 km) east of Arthur B. Ripley Desert Woodland State Park.
See Also
External Links | f5829094-21be-44ba-bfe5-0698c6780d23 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ajken%C3%A9z"} | Place in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, Hungary
Újkenéz is a village in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary.
Geography
It covers an area of 9.69 km2 (4 sq mi) and has a population of 1075 people (2001).
History
The name of the settlement is first mentioned in the charter in 1435 as a settlement between Apáti and Őrmező called Kenes.
In 1419, Cserepes-Kenéz was owned by the Báthor family.
In 1450 the Gyulaházy family owned land here, in 1471 the Kapolcsi family, and in 1480 the Bacskay family.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the family of Bakó Eördögh, Izsák Király and Katona were the owners.
In 1888, the flood of the Tisza ruined most of the village, so the inhabitants of the endangered places had to be relocated to a higher location.
Economy
Coordinates: 48°15′N 22°14′E / 48.250°N 22.233°E / 48.250; 22.233 | 5797fdb1-9136-4190-9071-15fa3ffdeb82 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palasport_Del_Mauro"} | Palasport Giacomo Del Mauro is an indoor sporting arena that is located in Avellino, Italy. The seating capacity of the arena for basketball games is 5,300 people. The arena is primarily used to host home basketball games of the Air Avellino professional basketball team, of the Italian League.
History
Palasport Giacomo Del Mauro originally had a 3,600 seating capacity. It was expanded to a 5,300 seating capacity in 2008, specifically in order to meet the minimum capacity requirements for EuroLeague games, which require an arena of at least 5,000 seats. In 2008, the arena's usage rights were also entrusted to Air Avellino, for a period of ten years.
In addition to the arena being used for the home basketball games of Air Avellino, the main volleyball team of Avellino, Volley Avellino, also uses it as their home arena. | 1a89fa13-d07d-41cc-9dd6-6d0beb82a3e8 |
null | Australian handball player
Kimberly Tennant (born 1985) is an Australian team handball player. She plays on the Australian national team, and participated at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil. | 32122838-7a43-4083-b41b-b34e3bcb8700 |
null | Radio station in Cloverdale, California
KSRT (107.1 FM) is a commercial radio station broadcasting a Regional Mexican radio format. Licensed to Cloverdale, California, United States, it serves the Santa Rosa area. The station is currently owned by Lazer Licenses, LLC. | b35f9183-f0bb-49e2-9c58-bfd2e70a04cf |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnaphalocrocis_trapezalis"} | Species of moth
Cnaphalocrocis trapezalis is a species of moth of the family Crambidae described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It can be found from Africa to the Pacific region, including Australia as well as in the Dominican Republic, Mexico and Peru.
Nutrition
They feed on grasses (Poaceae). Known host plants include Zea mays, Sorghum species, Panicum trichocladum and Oryza species. | c6712a2a-2931-428f-9aab-36c1a72e8a94 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_Tree_Hotels"} | Indian hotel chain
Lemon Tree Hotels is an Indian hotel chain. It owns and operates 84 hotels with a total of 8300 rooms in 52 cities across India.
According to the Horwath Report, Lemmon Tree Hotels is India's largest hotel chain in the mid-priced hotel sector and the 3rd largest overall in terms of controlling interest in owned and leased rooms as of 30 June 2017, .
History
Lemon Tree Hotels was founded in 2002 by Patu Keswani. It opened its first hotel with 49 rooms in May 2004.
In 2019, the company acquired Berggruen Hotels Private Limited for an enterprise value of ₹ 605 crores. At the time of acquisition, Berggruen Hotels owned 936 rooms and managed 975 rooms under the "Keys" brand in 21 cities across India.
Lemon Tree Hotels went public and was listed on the National Stock Exchange of India on 9 April 2018.
Operations
The company operates under 7 brands, namely Aurika Hotels and Resorts, Lemon Tree Premier, Lemon Tree Hotels, Red Fox by Lemon Tree Hotels, Keys Prima, Keys Select, and Keys Lite.
Corporate social responsibility
Currently, about 20% of group employees are from deprived and disabled segments of the population.
All Lemon Tree Hotels adopt a stray dog from that area and make it a mascot. Stray dogs are groomed and given specific duties in the hotels. It is the largest corporate adopter of stray dogs in India. | 98fec757-1c00-4205-ac4f-317fc88ca087 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangamata_U-19_Women%27s_International_Gold_Cup"} | International football tournament of the Bangladesh Football Federation
Football tournament
The Bangamata U-19 Women's International Gold Cup is an international football tournament organised by the Bangladesh Football Federation (BFF) as a tribute to Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib, the wife of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh.
History
The Bangamata U-19 Women's Gold Cup is the youth under 19 Women's national football teams competition in Bangladesh which run under the Bangladesh Football Federation. The tournament was established 2019. The main goal of the tournament is to develop and grow women's national team and age level teams' skill. According to the BFF statement the tournament will be replaced as a national teams tournament instead of Under 19 teams tournament after three completed seasons.
Tournament summaries
Top goal scorers
To goalscorers by edition | 33c7846b-6199-4caf-b78a-c31439094a7d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schedorhinotermes_intermedius"} | Species of termite
Schedorhinotermes intermedius is a species of termite in the family Rhinotermitidae, endemic to eastern Australia.
Description
Members of the worker caste possess internally serrated mandibles, a centrally grooved labrum, a fontanelle, and a flat pronotum with no anterior lobes. The soldier caste is dimorphic, with major and minor soldiers. The major soldier is 5.0–7.5 mm long, whereas the minor soldier is 3.0–5.0 mm long, with a narrower head, more slender mandibles, and longer labrum that extends to the tip of the mandibles.
Distribution and habitat
This species is distributed from south-eastern Queensland to just south of Sydney, mainly in coastal regions. In nature they build their nests in tree stumps, but they have become a serious pest of timber. | fa44081c-777d-4dcb-9972-87d857929d6d |
null | Musical artist
Levon Chilingirian OBE (Լևոն Չիլինկիրեան born 28 May 1948) is a UK-based violinist of Armenian origin. The founder of the Chilingirian Quartet, he is also a professor and Chamber Music Artist in Residence at the Royal Academy of Music and professor of Violin and Chamber Music at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, both in London.
Born to Armenian parents in Nicosia, Cyprus, Chilingirian began playing the violin when he was five, being taught by his great-uncle, Vahan Bedelian. He came to Britain when he was 12 and studied at the Royal College of Music. With Clifford Benson (piano), he won first prize in the BBC Beethoven and the Munich Duo competitions in 1969 and 1971 respectively.
In 1971 he founded the Chilingirian Quartet, which has developed a strong association with a number of composers, including John Tavener and Michael Berkeley. He was also one of the first members of The English Concert, and played in their first London concert in 1973. The Chilingirian Quartet hold an annual summer school at West Dean College.
In addition to teaching, playing and recording, Chilingirian’s interest in the work of Edvard Grieg led to his own version of the composer's incomplete Quartet in F major. Chilingirian served as musical director of Camerata Nordica, a Swedish chamber orchestra, was Artistic Director (2003–2016) of the Mendelssohn on Mull Festival and with the Quartet has been part of the Lake District Summer Music festival since its inception.
In the 2000 New Year Honours list, Chilingirian was awarded the Order of the British Empire for services to music. | ee9533ce-2665-4965-8534-b32c4d834eaf |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liolaemus_wari"} | Species of lizard
Liolaemus wari is a species of lizard in the family Iguanidae or the family Liolaemidae. The species is endemic to Peru. | 08bfeb22-63b8-40d8-8640-a4adaaf8f5cc |
null | Belgian footballer
Mathieu Bollen (31 December 1928 – 28 August 2008) was a Belgian footballer. He played in four matches for the Belgium national football team from 1953 to 1959. He was also named in Belgium's squad for the Group 2 qualification tournament for the 1954 FIFA World Cup. | deebf172-64b6-422c-8af1-521a30545179 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahrar_al-Jazeera"} | The Ahrar al-Jazeera Brigade (Arabic: لواء أحرار الجزيرة, "Free Men of al-Jazeera") was a group of Shammar Arab tribesmen that was active during the Syrian Civil War and was instrumental in beginning the operation which resulted in the capture of Yaroubiya in March 2013 (with assistance from other rebel groups). At this point, the unit also assisted anti-Kurdish forces in the Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13). The group was kicked out of Yaroubiya in October 2013 after it was claimed by the al-Nusra Front and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant that the group was corrupt.
In 2016, remnants of the group formed the Elite Forces. | 59200f4a-c421-47d1-8e86-df82daa0d585 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_A._Trent"} | 7th Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard
Master Chief Aviation Electronics Technician Eric Anthony "Rick" Trent (born June 23, 1944) served as the seventh Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard from July 1, 1994, to May 31, 1998.
Coast Guard Career
Trent served as the seventh Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard from July 1, 1994, to May 31, 1998. Previous command cadre assignments included Command Master Chief for the Aviation Training Center in Mobile, Alabama and the Coast Guard Pacific Area in Alameda, California.
A Coast Guard veteran of more than 35 years, Trent's assignments included Air Stations in Massachusetts, Bermuda, Alabama, Hawaii, and Florida. He held search and rescue aircrewman designations on HU-16, HC-130, HH3F, and HH-52 aircraft. In flight, he normally fulfilled the duties of radioman, navigator, and hoist operator. Other experience has included Electronics Technician, Collateral Duty Command Master Chief, Collateral Duty Career Information Specialist and Avionics Leading Chief Petty Officer.
Trent attended more than 20 specialized training courses during his career. He is a graduate of the Coast Guard Senior Leadership and Management School, the Coast Guard Chief Petty Officer Academy, the DEOMI Equal Opportunity Program Managers Course.
While attending the Coast Guard Chief Petty Officer Academy, he was selected by his peers to receive the "Spirit of the Chief Award". Other recognition included the LT Robert A. Perchard Memorial Trophy, the Mobile Chapter Chief Petty Officer Association "Chief of the Year" award; and he was the "Coast Guard Enlisted Ancient Albatross" from December 1, 1995, to June 30, 1998. He is married to Linda.
Prior to becoming the Master Chief Petty Office of the Coast Guard, he was stationed at Coast Guard Air Station San Francisco.
Awards
Trent's military awards include the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal, two Coast Guard Meritorious Service Medals, the Coast Guard Achievement Medal, the Secretary's Outstanding Unit Award, two Coast Guard Unit Commendations with "O" device, seven Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendations with "O" device, the Bicentennial Unit Commendation, ten Coast Guard Good Conduct Medals, two National Defense Service Medals, three Humanitarian Service Medals, the Special Operations Service ribbon, and the Coast Guard Rifle and Pistol Marksmanship ribbons. | 94695ee0-6a0e-475f-8a03-0baa36540cf5 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virial_coefficient"} | Expansion coefficients in statistical mechanics
Virial coefficients
appear as coefficients in the virial expansion of the pressure of a many-particle system in powers of the density, providing systematic corrections to the ideal gas law. They are characteristic of the interaction potential between the particles and in general depend on the temperature. The second virial coefficient
depends only on the pair interaction between the particles, the third (
) depends on 2- and non-additive 3-body interactions, and so on.
Derivation
The first step in obtaining a closed expression for virial coefficients is a cluster expansion of the grand canonical partition function
Here
is the pressure,
is the volume of the vessel containing the particles,
is Boltzmann's constant,
is the absolute temperature,
is the fugacity, with
the chemical potential. The quantity
is the canonical partition function of a subsystem of
particles:
Here
is the Hamiltonian (energy operator) of a subsystem of
particles. The Hamiltonian is a sum of the kinetic energies of the particles and the total
-particle potential energy (interaction energy). The latter includes pair interactions and possibly 3-body and higher-body interactions. The grand partition function
can be expanded in a sum of contributions from one-body, two-body, etc. clusters. The virial expansion is obtained from this expansion by observing that
equals
. In this manner one derives
.
These are quantum-statistical expressions containing kinetic energies. Note that the one-particle partition function
contains only a kinetic energy term. In the classical limit
the kinetic energy operators commute with the potential operators and the kinetic energies in numerator and denominator cancel mutually. The trace (tr) becomes an integral over the configuration space. It follows that classical virial coefficients depend on the interactions between the particles only and are given as integrals over the particle coordinates.
The derivation of higher than
virial coefficients becomes quickly a complex combinatorial problem. Making the classical approximation and neglecting non-additive interactions (if present), the combinatorics can be handled graphically as first shown by Joseph E. Mayer and Maria Goeppert-Mayer.
They introduced what is now known as the Mayer function:
and wrote the cluster expansion in terms of these functions. Here
is the interaction potential between particle 1 and 2 (which are assumed to be identical particles).
Definition in terms of graphs
The virial coefficients
are related to the irreducible Mayer cluster integrals
through
The latter are concisely defined in terms of graphs.
The rule for turning these graphs into integrals is as follows:
The first two cluster integrals are
The expression of the second virial coefficient is thus:
where particle 2 was assumed to define the origin (
). This classical expression for the second virial coefficient was first derived by Leonard Ornstein in his 1908 Leiden University Ph.D. thesis. | 2cdce08f-bde0-4e88-ae4b-981ef4d2283c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Shaw_(conservationist)"} | American scientist, explorer, conservationist, author (1943–2022)
Susan D. Shaw (October 24, 1943 – January 27, 2022) was an American environmental health scientist, marine toxicologist, explorer, ocean conservationist, and author. A Doctor of Public Health, she was a professor in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at the School of Public Health at the State University of New York at Albany, and Founder/President of the Shaw Institute, a nonprofit scientific institution with a mission to improve human and ecological health through innovative science and strategic partnerships. Shaw is globally recognized for pioneering high-impact environmental research on ocean pollution, climate change, oil spills, and plastics that has fueled public policy over three decades. In 1983, with landscape photographer Ansel Adams, she published Overexposure, the first book to document the health hazards of photographic chemicals. Shaw is credited as the first scientist to show that brominated flame retardant chemicals used in consumer products have contaminated marine mammals and commercially important fish stocks in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. She became the first scientist to dive into the Gulf of Mexico oil slick following the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion to investigate the impacts of chemical dispersants used in response to the spill.
Recognized as an outspoken voice on emerging contaminants like plastic, Shaw traveled globally to raise awareness on toxic legacy of man-made chemicals and its impact on public health and the environment.
Education and early career
Shaw was born in Dallas, Texas, the daughter of Edward Carrington and Lois (née Bonner) Shaw.
She received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Texas in 1967 with a major in Plan II, an interdisciplinary honors program modeled after the Harvard Society of Fellows Program. She was selected for the UT-Chilean Exchange Program in 1964, and spent a year in Chile as a Fulbright Scholar. Shaw earned two degrees from Columbia University: an MFA degree in Film in 1970, and a doctorate in Public Health/Environmental Health Sciences (Dr.P.H.) in 1999.
In 1980, Ansel Adams commissioned her to write Overexposure, published in 1983 as the first book to document the health hazards of photographic chemicals used in the darkroom. A second edition of the book was published in 1991.
Shaw founded the Shaw Institute in Blue Hill, Maine in 1990 following the deaths of 20,000 harbor seals inhabiting polluted waters of northwestern Europe. This wildlife “signal” event was followed by other mass die-offs of marine mammals in polluted marine regions.
Advancing understanding of the impacts of toxic chemicals on marine mammal health became the Institute's research focus over the next two decades. In the Institute's mission to "discover and expose environmental threats to people and wildlife through innovative science," its focus areas are human exposure, plastics and microplastics, marine wildlife exposure, oil spill response, and Maine coastal monitoring.
Research
For three decades, Shaw's work focused on the health effects of environmental chemical exposure in marine wildlife and humans.
In 2000, the Shaw Institute began its long-term research focused on marine sentinel species to characterize the extent of contamination of the northwest Atlantic marine ecosystem from Maine to New York. Funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), this region-wide effort has produced a large body of data on a wide range of persistent organic pollutants, including flame retardants, in marine mammals and fish that has placed the region in a global perspective. This work has shown that levels of toxic chemicals, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in northwest Atlantic harbor seals are among the highest in the world.
In 2007, Shaw was credited as the first scientist to show that brominated flame retardant chemicals used in household and consumer products have contaminated marine mammals and fish in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. This information helped support toxics policy reform in the state of Maine when the Legislature banned Deca-BDE from household products as of 2010.
That same year, Shaw was lead author on a review paper entitled Halogenated Flame Retardants: Do the Fire Safety Benefits Justify the Risks?, which challenged the efficacy of these chemicals in preventing fire deaths. It presented a large body of scientific evidence of the negative health effects, including cancer, that are associated with exposure to halogenated flame retardants in consumer products. The paper had national policy implications, laying the groundwork for the San Antonio Statement, which cited the need for regulatory action on halogenated flame retardant chemicals worldwide. It was signed by more than 300 scientists from 30 countries. Shaw's paper and the statement were, in turn, the basis for the Chicago Tribune's 2012 exposé of the chemical industry's campaign to market harmful flame retardant chemicals to the American public.
BP Oil Spill
In May 2010, a month after the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico, Shaw dove into the oil slick to investigate the impact of the chemical dispersant Corexit, which was being used to contain the oil spill. Her findings informed the national debate on the dangers of chemical dispersant use. She maintained that the dispersant-oil mixture was more toxic to wildlife and human health than the oil alone, because of the increased exposure to hydrocarbons in the water column, and the synergistic toxicity of Corexit and oil components combined.
Shaw was appointed to the Strategic Sciences Working Group (SSWG), convened by the US Department of the Interior, to assess the consequences of the oil spill and make policy recommendations to federal agencies. In September 2010, she drafted a scientific memo titled “It’s Not About Dose” on behalf of the SSWG stating there is no safe level of exposure to cancer-causing hydrocarbons in oil. The memo warned that the use of Corexit dispersants, in combination with crude oil, would result in long-term damage to wildlife and human health in the Gulf region. The Shaw Institute subsequently launched Gulf EcoTox, an independent investigation into the effects of oil and chemical dispersants in the food web.
Shaw predicted the decimation of deep-water coral, species known to be sensitive to the Corexit-oil mixture, and the deaths of dolphins from unavoidable inhalation of the mixture as they surfaced to breathe. Both outcomes have since occurred. She also predicted with certainty the human health crisis in the Gulf today, stating that a scientific review found that “five of the Corexit ingredients are linked to cancer, 33 are associated with skin irritation from rashes to burns, 33 are linked to eye irritation, 11 are or are suspected of being potential respiratory toxins or irritants, and 10 are suspected kidney toxins.”
She delivered three TEDx talks discussing the long-term damage to the ecosystem and the impending human health crisis in the Gulf as a result of exposure to the oil-Corexit mixture. She appeared in documentary films on the oil spill, including Animal Planet's Black Tide: Voices of the Gulf and Green Planet's The Big Fix.
Later work
The Shaw Institute's research examines the sources, fate, exposure pathways, tissue-specific bioaccumulation/biomagnification, and health effects of organic halogenated chemicals and other toxic man-made chemicals in the environment. The organization's current work focuses on highly exposed populations, including firefighters, to indoor contaminants including flame retardants and carcinogenic combustion by-products that may relate to their elevated rates of cancer. An expert on marine pollution, Shaw led a multinational project with scientists from Sweden, Greenland and Iceland to assess the converging impacts of climate change and flame retardant chemicals on marine mammals from the US Atlantic, Baltic, and Arctic seas.
In 2013, Shaw was lead investigator of a study that tested a group of firefighters in San Francisco and found that their blood contains high levels of flame retardants and cancer-causing chemicals such as dioxins and furans, produced by the burning of flame-retarded household materials. The study's findings suggested that chemical exposure during firefighting may carry higher risk for multiple cancers than previously demonstrated. Based on these findings, in 2014, the Institute announced plans for a long-term study of chemical exposure and cancer risk in U.S. firefighters.
In 2012 Shaw launched a study into microplastics in the Gulf of Maine that influenced a nationwide ban of microbeads in cosmetics. Shaw Institute scientists led a 2018 study on the uptake and expulsion of microplastic fibers by blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) in the Gulf of Maine. In 2018, the Shaw Institute partnered with the international Plastics Health Coalition in order to advance understanding of the damaging effects of microplastics in the human body and to promote plastic reduction across multiple sectors on a global scale. Shaw's final work was to draw attention to the health hazards faced by children employed as waste pickers and e-waste recyclers.
Honors and awards
Shaw was a Woodrow Wilson Visiting Fellow to U.S. universities and was named a Gulf of Maine Visionary by the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment in 2007. In May 2011, she became the 19th recipient of the Society of Woman Geographers' Gold Medal Award dating back to 1933, when Amelia Earhart became its first recipient. In March 2012, Shaw received the Explorers Club Citation of Merit Award for her work in ocean conservation. In 2011, she was named “Woman of the Gulf” by Audubon Society Women in Conservation at the Rachel Carson Awards. She was a recipient of the 2012 Next Award from Mainebiz magazine for her work in shaping the future and the economy of Maine. On Earth Day 2019, Shaw was named one of the "Top Eco-Warrior Women in the World" by Make it Better magazine.
Personal life
Shaw met artist Cynthia Stroud, her future wife, in 1980 in New York City. They moved to Brooklin, Maine, where they lived for several decades. They played pétanque competitively, including a second-place finish at the 2012 Federation Petanque USA Women's World Qualifier. They moved back to New York City, where Shaw died on January 27, 2022, at the age of 78. | f7d3aa46-431d-4b6f-bc68-7b83b411c209 |
null | Yunlu is a railway station in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, between Guangzhou and Guangzhou East stations. It was built in 1911 and is a class 4 railway station on the national railway station scale.[citation needed] | 15e917a4-cfdc-4deb-8aea-ba7125a77ab3 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Uruguayan_Primera_Divisi%C3%B3n_season"} | 114th season of the top-tier football league in Uruguay
Football league season
The 2017 Liga Profesional de Primera División season, also known as the Campeonato Uruguayo 2017, was the 114th season of Uruguay's top-flight football league, and the 87th in which it is professional. Nacional were the defending champions. Peñarol were the champions after winning the Torneo Clausura and defeating Apertura winners Defensor Sporting at the championship playoff via penalty shoot-out.
Format
The season was played under the Apertura-Clausura format, with the Apertura being played from February to May and the Clausura from August to November, and the inclusion of an additional tournament between the Apertura and Clausura named Torneo Intermedio and played from May to July. In the Intermedio, the 16 teams were split into two groups of eight with each club facing the others in their group once, and both group winners played the final. All three tournaments of the season counted for the aggregate table. If the best team in the aggregate table did not win the Apertura or Clausura, it would have gained a berth to the finals, but if one team won both tournaments it would automatically win the championship. The worst three teams in the relegation table were relegated, taking into account the 2016 and 2017 seasons. Also, the Torneo Intermedio winners would qualify for the 2018 Copa Sudamericana in case they failed to secure an international berth at the end of the season.
Teams
Torneo Apertura
Standings
Source: AUF, Soccerway
Rules for classification: 1) Points, 2) Playoff game, in case two teams are tied in points for first place.
If there are more than two teams tied in points: 2) Goal difference, 3) Goals for, 4) Head-to-head record, 5) Drawing of lots, 6) Playoff game in case two teams are tied in points for first place
Results
Source: AUF, Soccerway
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.
Top goalscorers
Source: Soccerway
Torneo Intermedio
The Torneo Intermedio was played between the Apertura and Clausura tournaments, and consisted of two groups of eight teams whose composition depended on the final standings of the Torneo Apertura: teams in odd-numbered positions played in Serie A, while teams in even-numbered positions played in Serie B. In each group, teams played each other once, and both group winners played the Torneo Intermedio final, with its winner being assured of a Copa Sudamericana berth in case it failed to qualify for CONMEBOL competitions through the aggregate table. The Intermedio winner also had the chance to play the Supercopa Uruguaya against the Primera División champion.
Serie A
Source: AUF, Soccerway
Rules for classification: 1) Points, 2) Playoff game, in case two teams are tied in points for first place.
If there are more than two teams tied in points: 2) Goal difference, 3) Goals for, 4) Head-to-head record, 5) Drawing of lots, 6) Playoff game in case two teams are tied in points for first place
Serie B
Source: AUF, Soccerway
Rules for classification: 1) Points, 2) Playoff game, in case two teams are tied in points for first place.
If there are more than two teams tied in points: 2) Goal difference, 3) Goals for, 4) Head-to-head record, 5) Drawing of lots, 6) Playoff game in case two teams are tied in points for first place
Notes:
Torneo Intermedio Final
16:00
Estadio Centenario, Montevideo
Referee: Leodán González
Top goalscorers
Source: Soccerway
Torneo Clausura
Standings
Source: AUF, Soccerway
Rules for classification: 1) Points, 2) Playoff game, in case two teams are tied in points for first place.
If there are more than two teams tied in points: 2) Goal difference, 3) Goals for, 4) Head-to-head record, 5) Drawing of lots, 6) Playoff game in case two teams are tied in points for first place
Results
Source: AUF, Soccerway
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.
Top goalscorers
Source: Soccerway
Aggregate table
Source: AUF
Rules for classification: 1) Points, 2) Playoff game, in case two teams are tied in points for first place.
If there are more than two teams tied in points: 2) Goal difference, 3) Goals for, 4) Head-to-head record, 5) Drawing of lots, 6) Playoff game in case two teams are tied in points for first place
(C) Champion
Notes:
Aggregate table playoff
Since Peñarol and Defensor Sporting ended the season tied in points, a playoff was played to determine the aggregate table first-placed team. The winners qualified for the Championship playoff finals.
20:00
Estadio Centenario, Montevideo
Referee: Esteban Ostojich
Championship playoff
Semi-final
19:00
Estadio Centenario, Montevideo
Referee: Daniel Fedorczuk
Peñarol won 4–2 on penalties.
Final
Since Peñarol, who had the best record in the aggregate table, won the semifinal, they became champions automatically and the final was not played. Defensor Sporting became runners-up as the second-placed team in the aggregate table. Both teams qualified for the 2018 Copa Libertadores group stage.
Top goalscorers
Source: Tenfield
Relegation
Relegation is determined at the end of the season by computing an average of the number of points earned per game over the four most recent tournaments: 2016 Transición and this season's three tournaments (Apertura, Intermedio, and Clausura). The three teams with the lowest average were relegated to the Segunda División for the following season.
Relegation playoff
Since El Tanque Sisley and Sud América ended with the same average, a playoff (by points) between both teams was played to determine the third relegated team. If both teams were tied in points after the second leg, an extra match would be played. The loser was relegated to the Segunda División. | 2f1aad54-65cc-4165-a68b-5877aa5d6a9d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mai_Thi_Nguyen-Kim"} | German chemist, science communicator, television presenter and YouTuber
Mai Thi Nguyen-Kim (born 7 August 1987) is a German chemist, science communicator, television presenter and YouTuber. In June 2020 she was elected to the senate of the Max Planck Society.
Life and education
Nguyen-Kim was born in 1987 in Heppenheim, Hesse; her parents are from South Vietnam, her father is also a chemist. She completed the Abitur in 2006 in Hemsbach. She studied at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She worked on her doctorate at RWTH Aachen University, Harvard University, and the University of Potsdam; completing it in 2017. She rejected a job offer from BASF to focus on science communication. She is married and has a daughter born in January 2020.
Career
Nguyen-Kim started the YouTube channel The Secret Life Of Scientists in 2015. She began another channel, maiLab (originally named schönschlau), which is funded by German public broadcasters ARD and ZDF and as of September 2020 has over 1 million subscribers, in 2016.
She published popular videos about the COVID-19 pandemic on maiLab which made it into German YouTube trends and reached several million viewers within a short time.
She also contributed a widely noticed commentary on this topic in the German news programme Tagesthemen (ARD) and was invited as an expert in various talk shows.
On German television, Nguyen-Kim presents the science show Quarks [de] (WDR Fernsehen) since 2018, alongside Ralph Caspers [de]. With Harald Lesch and Philip Häusser [de] she presents the online video series Terra X Lesch & Co [de].
Since October 2021, she presents a TV show called MAITHINK X – Die Show on ZDFneo.
Her book Komisch, alles chemisch (transl. Weird, all chemical) published in March 2019 has been on the Spiegel bestseller list since November 2019.
Awards
Publications | 2f006837-8a52-44df-bebd-02d841fcbec1 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villains_(The_Verve_Pipe_album)"} | 1996 studio album by the Verve Pipe
Villains is the second studio album, and first major label release by the Verve Pipe. It was released in March 1996. The band received its first hit in "Photograph", which peaked in the top 10 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks. A year after the release of the album, a reformatted version of "The Freshmen" peaked at number 1 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. The single was also the band's sole appearance on the Billboard Hot 100, where it peaked at number 5. The success of the song helped this album go platinum. To date, it is the Verve Pipe's best selling album.
Track listing
All tracks are written by Brian Vander Ark, except where noted.
Personnel
Adapted from the Villains booklet and liner notes.
Charts
Certifications | acd58728-1943-4133-a48f-0c3df5d115b3 |
null | Elinor Wilson was the president of Assisted Human Reproduction Canada, between February 14, 2007, and September 30, 2012.
Education
Wilson has a Master of Health Sciences degree from McMaster University, and PhD in administration management from Walden University in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Career
In December 2006, Wilson was appointed president of Assisted Human Reproduction Canada (AHRC). The agency is a regulatory agency of the Government of Canada, established by an Act of Parliament. As president, she was responsible for providing strategic leadership, managing the day-to-day activities of the agency, developing corporate strategies and performance measurements, promoting excellence and networking and providing sound and informed advice in a sensitive domain.
Before her appointment with AHRC, Wilson was chief executive officer of the Canadian Public Health Association, responsible for managing an operating program and project budget in excess of $15 million, and for building relationships with stakeholders, members, partners and donors across the public, private and NGO sectors. Wilson has also held a number of increasingly responsible positions with the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.
Her professional activities are numerous, including past-member of the Institute of Population and Public Health Advisory Board at the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the Canadian Population Health Initiative Board. She was formerly vice president of the World Heart Federation, president of the InterAmerican Heart Federation, and a member of the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Advisory Group on Global Cessation Policy. During the WHO deliberations on the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) she was the NGO representative on the Canadian Government delegation to the FCTC. | 819150d6-64c9-4df0-abd2-7d5d548fe950 |
null | Fictional character
Sudakshina (Sanskrit: सुदक्षिण) was a king of the Kambojas and is featured in the Indian epic the Mahabharata.
On the 14th day of battle, Arjuna, with his charioteer Krishna, attempts to reach Jayadratha. Dronacharya and Duryodhana arrange warriors in Arjuna's path, trying to impede his progress until sunset. Sudakhina rallies a fleeing Kaurava akshauhini, challenging Arjuna. He throws a spear at Arjuna; the spear connects and Arjuna swoons in his seat, dripping blood. The Kaurava army begins to cheer, thinking Arjuna is dead. However, Arjuna quickly recovers and angrily invokes the Indrastra, which multiplies into many arrows and decimates the Kaurava forces. Sudakshina falls to one of these arrows.
It is later remarked that while Sudakshina was a just and good monarch, he felt obligated to fight for Duryodhana. In the years preceding the war, Karna had conquered the Kamboja army and Sudakshina had bent the knee to Hastinapur. Despite knowing that the Pandavas had dharma on their side, he raised his banners for Duryodhana. | f2631885-a093-4255-bead-7244a45fcd37 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catriel_Soto"} | Argentine cyclist
Catriel Andrés Soto Auer (born 29 April 1987) is an Argentine cross-country mountain biker and road racing cyclist, who most recently rode for UCI Continental team Equipo Continental San Luis.
Career
Born in Colón, Soto competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the Men's cross-country at Hadleigh Farm, finishing in 26th place. In 2015, Soto won the silver medal at the Pan American Games. He also participated at the 2011 Pan American Games, 2016 Summer Olympics and 2019 Pan American Games. | 45cd366e-1231-4deb-90f9-fd9359272a1f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Coalition"} | Polish political alliance
The Polish Coalition (Polish: Koalicja Polska, KP) is a political alliance in Poland. It is led by the Polish People's Party.
It was formed in 2019. In the 2019 parliamentary election, the Polish Coalition placed fourth, winning 30 seats in total. Its 2020 presidential candidate was Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz, who placed fifth in the first round. The coalition adheres to principles of Christian democracy, conservatism, and agrarianism. It has been described as centrist and centre-right.
History
Formation and parliamentary election
The coalition was first mentioned on 4 February 2019, at an press conference as a union of the Polish People's Party (PSL), the Union of European Democrats (UED) and Modern (N). The idea was supported by former mayor of Wrocław, Rafał Dutkiewicz. In the May 2019 European Parliament election, the PSL, Modern and UED participated in the European Coalition, which included centre-right, centrist and centre-left parties.
The PSL general council decided to build the Polish Coalition, a centre-right coalition, on 1 June of that year. The desire for a coalition was first declared by the League of Polish Families (LPR) and the UED. The PSL also held talks with Kukiz'15, the Right Wing of the Republic and the Nonpartisan Local Government Activists movement, and invited Civic Platform (PO).
The PSL-UED parliamentary coalition changed its name to PSL-Polish Coalition on 4 July 2019, and was joined by former members of PO (Marek Biernacki and Jacek Tomczak) and Modern (Radosław Lubczyk). Two days later, the PSL general council announced that an alliance with PO is a coalition priority. Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz confirmed UED cooperation.
On 23 July, the PSL's Piotr Zgorzelski confirmed that the Alliance of Democrats and Labour Party were part of the coalition and talks with Kukiz'15 and Nonpartisan Local Governments Association were cordial and would end soon. A week later, Marek Sawicki confirmed that the Association of Catholic Families had joined the coalition.
The Silesians Together party and the Jura-Silesian Association European Home joined the coalition on 5 August 2019. Three days later (after losing several MPs), Kukiz'15 joined the coalition. One member each from Civic Platform and the League of Polish Families (LPR) were also on the PSL list, despite those parties not belonging to the coalition.[failed verification]
In the 2019 parliamentary election, the PSL received 8.6 percent of the vote; an improvement compared to the 2015 parliamentary election. The coalition gained 30 seats in the Sejm: 20 from the PSL, six from Kukiz'15, one from the UED, and three independents. It also gained three senators: two from the PSL and one from the UED.
Coalition since the end of 2019
Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz of the PSL became coalition's candidate for the 2020 presidential election. He received 459,365 votes which was 2.4%, coming fifth among eleven candidates
On 26 November 2020, the General Council of PSL ended coalition with Kukiz'15, after 5 of 6 MPs of K'15 voted in favour of government's veto on European budget. Parliamentary club has its changed its title to Polish Coalition - PSL, UED, Conservatives.
5 politicians of Kukiz'15 with Paweł Kukiz has formed their own group in parliament, Agnieszka Ścigaj (who voted as PSL in case of veto) became independent MP. She joined PSL parliamentary group, but later she resigned from this political group and became unaffiliated MP.
In 2021 Polish Coalition started unofficial cooperation with Polish Affairs and Agreement, and decided to talk with Poland 2050 and more conservative local activists of Civic Platform about possibilities of creating centre to centre-right political faction in Poland.
Composition
2019 election
Ninth Sejm and 10th Senate | 2834a92a-f349-4df8-9bdf-868bd4d6bf72 |
null | The Kodak Professional DCS Pro SLR/n is a 13.5 megapixel (4500x3000 pixels) full-frame 35mm digital SLR produced as a collaboration between Nikon Corporation and Eastman Kodak. It was an improved version of the Kodak Professional DCS Pro 14n series, and was based on a modified Nikon N80 film SLR and thus compatible with almost all Nikon F mount lenses. The camera was announced in early 2004 and became available to purchase mid-year. A monochrome variant named Kodak Professional DCS Pro SLR/n m of the camera existed as well.
The camera has no anti-aliasing filter in front of the CMOS sensor, which gives it very high edge acuity, but gives it a greater chance of producing more moire artifacts than most cameras. This can be partially compensated for with the software, which has advanced noise reduction capabilities. It also has impressively high dynamic range (the ability to capture both light and dark subjects well in the same image). It has less of a useful range of ISO sensitivity than many modern digital SLR cameras, although the selectable range is very large.
The camera is very unusual for a DSLR in having a long exposure setting where film speeds down to 6 ASA and exposure settings up to 60 seconds can be selected. This would have been useful for Product Photography.
The cousin of this camera, the Kodak Professional DCS Pro SLR/c, announced a month later, shared the same full 35 mm (36x24 mm) frame sized CMOS image sensor, electronics, and most controls, but was based on the top of the Sigma Corporation's SLR cameras (such as the SD9) and a custom body, and was compatible with Canon Inc.'s EOS lenses.
Both cameras were discontinued on May 31, 2005 | 16866b40-54bd-4e32-abb2-8bfbe8397099 |
null | Ndu language of Papua New Guinea
Koiwat is one of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of northern Papua New Guinea.
It is spoken in Kamangaui (4°06′59″S 143°35′37″E / 4.116371°S 143.593484°E / -4.116371; 143.593484 (Kamangaui)), Koiwat (4°05′23″S 143°33′19″E / 4.089795°S 143.555238°E / -4.089795; 143.555238 (Koiwut)), Paiambit (4°06′38″S 143°41′46″E / 4.11068°S 143.69616°E / -4.11068; 143.69616 (Paimbit)), and Seraba (4°03′50″S 143°37′45″E / 4.063985°S 143.629118°E / -4.063985; 143.629118 (Sarapa)) villages of Koiwat ward, Angoram/Middle Sepik Rural LLG, East Sepik Province. | ce5899c8-aba3-4a13-8dca-eda1800143c7 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSC_Ghiroda"} | Football club
Club Sportiv Comunal Ghiroda & Giarmata Vii, commonly known as CSC Ghiroda, or simply as Ghiroda, is a Romanian football club based in Ghiroda, Timiș County. The club was established in 2010, under the name of ACS Ghiroda and knew recent important progress in the Romanian football league system, especially due to good economic situation of the commune, as part of the expansion of Timișoara metropolitan area.
History
First years and ascension (2010–present)
CSC Ghiroda was established in 2010, under the name of ACS Ghiroda and in the first ten years of activity had important progress in the Romanian football league system, especially due to good economic situation of the commune, as part of the expansion of Timișoara metropolitan area. Ghiroda was enrolled for the first time in the Liga V (fifth tier), in the summer of 2011, then at the end of the first season, "ghirodanii" were ranked 1st, with 15 points ahead the second place, FC Jebel, obtaining the promotion to Liga IV. In the next season, the team based near Timișoara was close to a second consecutive promotion, but finally it was ranked 2nd, after the second team of Nuova Mama Mia Becicherecu Mic.
2013–14 season brought a great performance for the young football club, which won the Timiș County series of the Liga IV, with only one point ahead Politehnica Timișoara, the most honoured football club in the Banat historical region and one of the traditional football clubs in Romania, which played in that season at the level of fourth tier due to 2012 bankruptcy of the club. As the champion of Timiș County, Ghiroda went to the promotion play-offs, but failed to make another step up, after a defeat on penalties, against Industria Galda (Alba County champion). Next two seasons, Ghiroda was ranked 3rd and missed any chance to promote to the third division, then at the end of the 2016–17 season, the club near Timișoara won Timiș Series of the fourth tier and the promotion play-offs, against Inter Petrila (Hunedoara County champion) and promoted to Liga III, for the first time in the recent history of the club.
At the end of the first season, "ghirodanii" ended 9th, out of 15 and saved from relegation, then in the summer of 2018, ACS Ghiroda was re-branded as CSC Ghiroda & Giarmata Vii, also changing the club colors from white and blue to yellow and blue. At the end of the 2018–19 season, the team was again in trouble, but avoided the relegation in the last round. After this season, followed another two with better results and the "yellow and blues" were ranked 8th and 5th, somehow stabilizing at this level.
Ground
CSC Ghiroda played its home matches on Emilian Pavel Stadium, in Ghiroda, Timiș County, a stadium with a capacity of only 200 seats, but with good conditions, including a floodlight system.
Honours
Liga III
Liga IV – Timiș County
Liga V – Timiș County
Cupa României – Timiș County
Players
First team squad
As of 6 September 2022
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Club officials
League history | e86d57b8-f43d-49f7-9008-cd5e17ca118c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelaart%27s_pipistrelle"} | Species of bat
Kelaart's pipistrelle (Pipistrellus ceylonicus) is a species of vesper bat found in southern and south-eastern Asia from Pakistan to Indonesia.
Description
The head and body Kelaart's pipistrelle together measure 9 centimetres (3.5 in) in length. The forearms are 4 centimetres (1.6 in), the wingspan is 26–27 centimetres (10–11 in) and the bat weight 3–5 grams (0.11–0.18 oz). Males are larger and brighter than females. Color varies from almost dark brown to bright reddish brown, but usually reddish brown above and paler below. The wing membrane are dark brown and the body is covered with dense, short fur. | 143df145-130c-45e6-b75e-4132e59d9e75 |
null | Temple in Bihar, India
Charaut Math is a temple at Charaut block (Sitamarhi), in the Indian state of Bihar, of the Lakshminarayan monastic order group of the Hindu tradition.
History
Charaut Math is a Hindu monastery. It was founded by Mahant Jai Kishun. He was earlier a Mahanth (Head of Hindu Monastery) in a Hindu Math at Matihani Math (Yjnayavalkya Lakshminarayan Vidyapeeth) of Nepal territory. He founded this Hindu Math when the Maharaja of Darbhanga Raj granted this village for the purpose of building Hindu Monastery to impart Vedic education to students. It was founded in 1761. It became an important center for the Hindu Vedic culture and tradition and education. Charaut was a part of the kingdom of Darbhanga Raj, in the 18th century.
The history of the math has also been described in the book "Antiquarian Remains In Bihar" , written by D R Patil, Superintendent, Archeological Survey of India, South-Western Circle, Aurangabad, Maharashtra in 1963.
Within the Math
There is Lakshminarayan Mandir in the campus of the math. There is also a Sanskrit school in the Math which was established in 1926 known as Sri Laksmi Narayan Sanskrit High School, Choraut. | 4d1b543f-1928-4fb8-a13f-53f8eca17095 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1979_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_long_jump"} | International sporting event
International sporting event
The men's long jump competition of the athletics events at the 1979 Pan American Games took place on 7 July at the Estadio Sixto Escobar. The defending Pan American Games champion was João Carlos de Oliveira of Brazil.
Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
Results
All distances shown are in meters.
Final | 19688f7b-348d-47d7-b1a8-d1751baa6bfa |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Julian"} | American clothing designer widely (born 1948)
Alexander Julian (born (1948-02-08)February 8, 1948) is an American fashion designer, known for his Colours clothing brand and designing his own clothing fabric. Julian has won five Coty Awards for design — the first before age 30—and the Cutty Sark award three times.
Background
Born to Mary Brady and Maurice S. Julian, he was raised in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. His father, Maurice S. Julian (1915–1993), opened a cycling shop in Chapel Hill, Julian's Cyclery, later becoming a clothier and opening Julian's in 1942. Julian pursued a degree in English at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill while working at his father's clothing store. Julian pleaded with his father to open a store of his own, and while his family was away for a month in the summer of 1969, Julian released one of his father's tenants from a lease, dropping out of school and at age 19 opening his first store, Alexander's Ambition. He subsequently bought out his father's interest, leading to a period where he and his father were in direct competition. In 1973 Julian campaigned for the Chapel Hill Board of Aldermen (town council), finishing fifth.
In 1988, Julian received a Distinguished Alumni award from UNC. The store is now located on the north side of Franklin Street and is called Julian's.
Julian had one child with his first wife. He has three children with his wife, the former Meagan Mannell and three children by previous marriages.
Career
In 1975 Julian moved to New York, founding the Alexander Julian Company. In the 1990s Julian consolidated his companies under a venture capital fund, which subsequently liquidated its fashion interests in 1995. Having essentially lost his clothing businesses. Julian later rebuilt his businesses, beginning again from his furniture line, which he had started in 1994 and not consolidated under the venture fund.
Julian designed the uniform for the Charlotte Hornets when they joined the NBA, and re-designed the University of North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball uniforms. He created the trademark argyle pattern down the sides of the uniform, added bolder trim, and used different fabrics for the 1991-92 season upon Dean Smith's request. He also designed the stadium seating for the Charlotte Knights baseball team in 1990, using seats in fourteen different colors to create a pattern not unlike a textile pattern.
In the early 1970s, Julian modernized traditional menswear with innovative new silhouettes and fabrics while introducing new colors and color combinations becoming the first American fashion designer to design his own cloth. In 1981, he started a successful menswear clothing line called "Colours by Alexander Julian". His textile design is part of the Smithsonian's permanent collection. Later, he branched out to furniture and home furnishings, and in 2008 moved his furniture licensing to Vaughan-Bassett.
In 1990 Julian designed the apparel for the Newman-Haas IndyCar team, including drivers Mario and Michael Andretti.
Julian was the costume designer for the 1992 Robert Altman film, The Player. In 2014 he designed a line of men's moisture-wicking cycling shirts that can be worn to lunch or the office after cyclings — for the Chapel Hill company, Performance Bicycle. | f7adfb44-758b-463f-8170-7acf9956264d |
null | Congolese hurdler
Hakim Mazou (born 19 January 1970) is a Congolese hurdler. He competed in the men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1996 Summer Olympics. | 06398e83-89e8-4def-bed9-a65b1418ab02 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magni_M-14_Scout"} | Italian autogyro
The Magni M-14 Scout is an Italian autogyro, designed and produced by Magni Gyro srl of Besnate. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.
Design and development
The M-14 features a single main rotor, a two-seats-in a tandem open cockpit with a windshield, tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a four-cylinder, air and liquid-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912S engine in pusher configuration. The turbocharged 115 hp (86 kW) Rotax 914 powerplant is optional.
The aircraft fuselage is made from TIG-welded 4130 steel tubing, while the cockpit fairing is fibreglass. Its 8.23 m (27.0 ft) diameter composite rotor has a chord of 22 cm (8.7 in) and is manufactured in house by Magni Gyro. The propeller is a three-bladed carbon fibre, ground adjustable type. Electric trim is standard equipment, as is a Flydat digital engine monitor. The second seat is located right behind the pilot's seat without a separate cockpit, dual controls or windshield and is intended for occasional use to carry a passenger. The pilot's seat includes an integral 50 litres (11 imp gal; 13 US gal) fuel tank that provides three hours endurance. The aircraft has an empty weight of 244 kg (538 lb) and a gross weight of 550 kg (1,213 lb), giving a useful load of 306 kg (675 lb).
Specifications (M-14 Scout)
Data from Bayerl
General characteristics
Performance
Avionics | c93b3d62-4c84-4aab-b75a-1616f5edf1bf |
null | Jean-Philippe Bergeron may refer to: | c237a8e3-eb4f-4101-b20a-e5b4ed989b01 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Hun_Sen_Cup"} | Football tournament season
The 2010 Hun Sen Cup was the 4th season of the Hun Sen Cup, the premier knockout tournament for association football clubs in Cambodia involving Cambodian League and provincial teams organized by the Football Federation of Cambodia.
Phnom Penh Crown were the defending champions, having beaten Nagacorp FC 1–0 in the previous season's final.
Group stage
The matches were arranged in four regions, with two groups in each region. The teams finishing in the top two positions in each of the eight groups in Group stage progressed to the Round of 16 in Phnom Penh.
Groups A and B in Battambang
Groups C and D in Siem Reap
Groups E and F in Kep
Groups G and H in Svay Rieng
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Group G
Group H
Round of 16
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Third place play-off
Final
Awards | 9e462da3-8ddf-46a8-9320-0653979e7e6c |
null | Ratliff is a surname of British origin, which is a habitational name for a person from any of the places in Britain called Ratcliffe, Radcliffe, or Redcliff, which in turn are variants on the phrase "red cliff". The surname may also be spelled Ratcliff, Radcliff, Ratcliffe, or Radcliffe. Ratliff may refer to:
In fiction | 33697aed-961b-48ed-b6c3-6c942c6ca9ff |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan%27s_Armed_Forces_Museum"} | Military history museum
The Sultan's Armed Forces Museum is a military history museum, located in the 150-year-old Bait Al Falaj Fort, once the headquarters for Sultan Said bin Sultan's Armed Forces, located on Al Mujamma Street, in the Ruwi area near Muscat, Oman. It was graciously inaugurated in 1988 by His Majesty Sultan Qaboos, who was supreme commander of the Armed Forces until his death in 2020.
The museum has an extensive collection related to Oman's military history, national conflicts; with displays of weapons (such as guns and cannons), service uniforms, an external display of military vehicles, military music instruments, medals and even a jet aircraft ejection seat and a parachute on display.
Introduction
The royal gesture to designate Bait-Al-Falaj Fort to house the Sultan's Armed Forces Museum means the opening of a new page in the record of Omani mighty military power and the documentation of a new era in its modern development being the only heir of the triumphant glories of the Omani military. The museum is meant to tell the forthcoming generations the story of the progressive development that Sultan's Armed Forces has achieved by the powerful hands and sacrifices of the Omani during the renaissance era under the leadership of His Majesty Sultan Qaboos Bin Said, the reviver of the glories of Oman and the leader of its blessed renaissance. | c0c21b20-25e6-45a8-9608-dc814c6bfb46 |
null | Dwarka Divecha (Dwarkadas Divecha, March 19, 1918 – January 5, 1978) was an Indian cinematographer and actor.
Early life
Divecha was born in Bombay, India.
Career
Divecha worked as a cameraman and cinematographer on about 30 movies. In 1955 he won a Filmfare Best Photographer in Black and White award for his work on the film Yasmin.
In 1960 he acted in the film Singapore.
His best known film is Sholay, in which he was also involved in creating the sets and special effects. The film has been since re-released in 3D. The film was a box office hit, and critics agreed that the quality of the photography contributed to its success.
Divecha died on January 5, 1978.
Major camerawork and cinematography | 17cb284b-bc38-48b5-a28a-857f297ad3f5 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_recognition"} | The skill of identifying aircraft on sight
Aircraft recognition is a visual skill taught to military personnel and civilian auxiliaries since the introduction of military aircraft in World War I. It is important for air defense and military intelligence gathering.
Aircraft recognition generally depends on learning the external appearance of the aircraft, both friendly and hostile, most likely to be encountered. Techniques used to teach this information have included scale models, printed silhouette charts, slide projectors, computer aided instruction and even specially-printed playing cards.
Early development of skills
In the United Kingdom, The Royal Observer Corps (ROC) was formed as a defence warning organisation with civilians trained in aircraft recognition and operated primarily as such between 1925 and 1957. Aircraft recognition was first developed between the First and Second World wars when aerial warfare was first recognised as a future threat, after 208 Zeppelin and 435 aircraft raids over London during the First World War. In 1917 Germany had started using fixed-wing bombers, and the number of airship raids diminished rapidly.
To answer this new threat, Major General Edward Bailey Ashmore, a First World War pilot who had later been in command of an artillery division in Belgium, was appointed to devise improved systems of detection, communication and control. The Metropolitan Observation Service was created, covering the London area, known as the London Air Defence Area, and was soon extended to the coasts of Kent and Essex. This led to the establishment of the Observer Corps in 1925.
It was the creed of the British War Department and the Air Ministry, at the start of the war, that accurate recognition of high-flying and fast-moving aircraft was not possible. The sparetime volunteers of the Observer Corps disagreed and between 1938 and 1939 they started developing the skills and training materials to achieve it, on an unofficial basis.
Local units began to band together and form spotting clubs caller Hearker clubs that eventually combined in April 1941 as The Royal Observer Corps Club and prepared early aircraft type silhouette cards for both allied and German types, mostly made by tracing photographs from The Aeroplane magazine, with some made by enlarging silhouettes from commercially produced 1930s cigarette card sets. Technical editor of The Aeroplane, Peter Masefield, who was also a member of the Corps, travelled the length of Britain giving lectures and training sessions.
The club also produced a fortnightly magazine, The Aeroplane Spotter, with the help of The Aeroplane 's printers, that was eventually distributed to every unit in the Corps. Large wall posters were produced that showed every known type of aircraft. The WEFT (Wingshape, Engine configuration, Fuselage shape and Tail type) system of recognition was first developed by Chief Observer C.H. Gibbs-Smith of Watford Group's Delta 3 post and a member of Hearker Club No. 3.
Recognition competitions were organised locally, regionally and nationally and by the start of World War II the Corps had trained nearly 30,000 volunteers to accurately recognise all types of current aircraft. The unofficial Aeroplane Spotter magazine was later renamed as The Journal of the Royal Observer Corps Club before being adopted as an official publication and renamed as The Royal Observer Corps Journal published by HMSO and distributed to every observer at a price of one shilling (5 new pence).
In April 1942 the club initiated recognition proficiency tests, later adopted officially by the ROC, with three levels:
In September 1942 the government recognised the usefulness and effectiveness of the systems developed by the sparetime observers and first published Aircraft Recognition: The Inter-services Recognition Journal with early content copied from previous editions of Aeroplane Spotter and The Royal Observer Corps Journal. Featured tests included Airborne Headaches and Amuse and Confuse.
With official recognition by HQ Royal Observer Corps and the Air Ministry that accurate recognition of aircraft was achievable, the systems developed by the volunteers were adopted as official training. The Royal Observer Corps Club disbanded in the Autumn of 1942. In December 1943 the annual Master Test of aircraft recognition was introduced as a compulsory test for all observers and a basic level pass was mandatory for continued membership of the ROC. In the first year those observers who had achieved a club pass at 3rd class level were declared exempt from the basic test requirement.
The Royal Observer Corps established an annual four-man recognition team, with keen competition amongst observers for selection. The team continued to compete annually in the UK's Joint Services Aircraft Recognition Competition and in international competitions with other NATO countries until 1991, despite aircraft recognition being dropped as an operational role for the Corps in 1957. There was also a hard-fought annual competition with the Luftmeldekorpsett, the Danish Ground Observer Corps.
Aircraft recognition in the United States
In the US during World War II, civilians were enlisted into a Ground Observer Corps to support air defense operations, receiving training in aircraft identification.
The US military continues to use "WEFT" as a mnemonic for the major features of an aircraft: Wings or rotors to provide lift, Engines to provide power, a Fuselage to carry the payload and pilot, and a Tail assembly which controls the direction of flight. These elements differ in shape, size, number, and position. The differences distinguish one aircraft type from another. The individual components can be taught as separate recognition and identification features, but it is the composite of these features that must be learned to recognize and identify an aircraft.
Aircraft recognition as a pastoral pursuit
As well as military and ROC use of aircraft recognition, the civilian population in Great Britain, in particular, have also used aircraft recognition for entertainment. Competitions have been run, notably by Air-Britain, for all-comers to take part in, where images of aircraft are displayed for a limited amount of time for competitors to identify, with a short time limit between images and no repeat showings. Competitors have ranged from civilians, Air Training Corps, ROC and military personnel. | a0cdbf1a-52a8-433d-9509-22b825e88fc1 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isamu_Mochizuki"} | Japanese WWII flying ace
Isamu Mochizuki (望月 勇, Mochizuki Isamu, 1906 – 6 February 1944) was an officer and ace fighter pilot in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific theater of World War II. He was officially credited with destroying ten enemy aircraft over China and the Pacific. He is famous for inventing the hineri-komi half-loop-and-roll technique that was employed in dogfighting by many Japanese fighter pilots.
Career
Mochizuki enlisted in IJN in 1925 and completed its pilot training program in November 1926. He first served on carrier Kaga and then on carrier Hōshō, before he was transferred to a fighter squadron based at Ōmura Naval Air Station in Nagasaki Prefecture on Kyushu. In November 1932, he was transferred to Yokosuka Air Group, which was at the time considered an elite unit consisting of the very best fighter pilots in IJN.
In November 1936, Mochizuki was promoted to Warrant Officer. At the outbreak of Second Sino-Japanese War he was transferred to the 13th Air Group that operated from Shanghai. After six months of combat over China, he was recalled back to Japan. In October 1941 he was promoted to Ensign.
In March 1943, Mochizuki was appointed division leader (buntaichō) in the newly-formed 281st Air Group that was stationed in the Kuril Islands. The same year he was transferred to Roi in the Marshall Islands. After USN carrier strikes destroyed most of the IJN aircraft in the Marshalls, he became stranded on Roi. Mochizuki disappeared and was presumed killed during the American invasion on 6 February 1944.
"Hineri-komi" maneuver
During his four-year stay with Yokosuka Air Group, Mochizuki invented and developed hineri-komi (捻り込み—literal meaning: twist inside) maneuver that allows an aircraft, which is being chased by an enemy, to come at the chaser's tail or to gain an opportunity to take a shot at it. Minoru Genda, who was also part of Yokosuka Air Group at the same time, observed this technique during the training sessions with Mochizuki and helped to formalize it in order to be widely adopted by other IJN pilots in dogfights.
The maneuver starts with a steep climb into a half loop, where the pilot applies (e.g., right) rudder to yaw his aircraft and performs a side slip. At the top of the loop, the aircraft ends up inverted and pointing outside of the loop's vertical plane. At that point, the pilot applies hard reverse (e.g., right) rudder while at the same time applying (e.g., right) aileron to roll the aircraft in the opposite direction of the applied reverse rudder. After the resulting twisting motion, the pilot uses elevator to pull the aircraft up, which brings it into a horizontal flight in the same direction as the loop began. | 26b0d467-1d37-4bba-b3fa-3fdeef4328da |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officina_Profumo-Farmaceutica_di_Santa_Maria_Novella"} | The Officina Profumo-Farmaceutica di Santa Maria Novella is a perfumery and herbalist shop in Florence, in Tuscany in central Italy. It is not a pharmacy and does not sell medicines, but is sometimes described as "the oldest pharmacy in the world".
Its origins can be traced back to the Dominican monastery of Santa Maria Novella and the mediaeval medicines created by the monks. A retail operation was established in Via Reginaldo Giuliani in 1612 by Fra Angiolo Marchissi, becoming famous over the coming centuries for the quality and salubrious benefits of its products, ranging from perfumes, pot pourri and toiletries, to liqueurs, medicinal balms, and foods. It remained in the ownership of the Church of Santa Maria Novella until 1866, when the property was confiscated by the Kingdom of Italy and sold to a private owner. Since the 1990s Santa Maria Novella's retail operations have expanded rapidly to include locations in every major Italian city, and 75 shops throughout the world, in countries including the United States, Panama, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and South Africa.[citation needed]
History
The Church of Santa Maria Novella and its monastery were established in 1221 outside the city gates of Florence. The monks began experimenting with herbs and flowers grown in the monastic garden, creating soothing balms, elixirs, and other medicaments. By 1381 an on-site infirmary was in operation, where the monks' products were used for treating themselves and Florentine patients. One of the products developed about this time was a distilled rose water intended to treat the plague, at the height of the Black Death. Another medicament produced by the monks, called Vinegar of the Seven Thieves (Aceto dei Sette Ladri), gained its name and reputation during the Black Death because of a rumor that a band of 7 corpse robbers would douse themselves in it to protect against disease.
Powerful scented waters were developed in medieval times including "Santa Maria Novella Water" and digestive aids like lozenges (Pasticche di Santa Maria Novella). Santa Maria Novella Water and the lozenges both employed the healing herb Tanacetum balsamita, known as Balsamite or Costmary, as a key ingredient. In the 16th century a special type of incense was invented: Armenian Paper (Carta D'Armenia), which was infused with spices and resin to perfume the room while the paper burned without flame. By the mid 16th century the pharmacy's widespread fame induced the monks to offer their products for sale to the public for the first time. The shop expanded its product range, developing curative tonics and perfumes including Acqua della Regina, a fragrance specially designed for Catherine de Medici, Queen of France, the pharmacy's most important patron. Acqua della Regina was given to Catherine before her departure for France in 1533, and was the first perfume to use an alcohol base, rather than the traditional vinegar or olive oil. Through Queen Catherine's patronage of Santa Maria Novella, their products were introduced to the French court, where perfume hadn't previously been used.[citation needed] Although successful, anxieties over the commercialization of the monastery's remedies caused the closure of the business during the first decade of the 17th century. By 1612, the business had resumed operations and a shop was opened to the public on Via della Scala. In 1659, the Officine received the title of His Royal Highness' Foundry (Fonderia Granducale) from Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, placing it under the protection of the Medici family.
In 1749, one of the Officine's apothecaries, Fra' Cosimo Bucelli, codified Santa Maria Novella's extensive recipes in a book, "I segreti della Fonderia di Sua Altezza Reale" ("The Secrets of the Foundry of His Royal Highness"). It was Bucelli who developed the foundry's famous alcoholic liqueur, Alchermes, made from sugar, nutmeg, cinnamon and cloves (its deep scarlet color is obtained through dried and crushed ladybugs). During the 17th century, Santa Maria Novella would turn its attention increasingly to developing new liqueurs, which had medicinal applications. Alchermes, for instance, was given to new mothers to aid their recovery from giving birth, while another famous liqueur, Elisir di China, contained quinine and was intended to treat malaria. By 1700 Santa Maria Novella had become famous all over Europe; the Sala Verde or Green Room hosted visitors who came to enjoy the pharmacy's most famous concoction, made from Alchermes, Elisir di China, and chocolate syrup. In 1866 the property of the Church of Santa Maria Novella was confiscated by the Italian state, and the pharmacy passed into the ownership of Cesare Augusto Stefani, the nephew of the monastery's last director, Damiano Beni. In 2012 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the Officina a celebratory Stamp has been issued by Poste Italiane, part of the Made in Italy series. The Pharmacy celebrated the event producing two Limited Edition perfumes.
Modern operations
Santa Maria Novella continues to inhabit its historic premises on Via della Scala in Florence, around the corner from the Church of Santa Maria Novella, but since 2000 the production facilities have been housed in a factory two miles north. Since the 1990s, the focus has been placed on expanding output and markets for Santa Maria Novella products, while at the same time preserving the traditional, artisanal methods of production and high-quality ingredients. Objects such as soaps are cooled, wrapped, and ventilated for 30 days on wooden racks before they are chiseled and molded by hand for sale.[citation needed] Over 500 bars of soap are produced in this way each day, with 25 separate varieties available.
The premises on the Via della Scala in Florence houses several historic sales rooms, a tea room, and a museum and library dedicated to the history of the pharmacy. An average of 2,000 visitors per day visit the shop.[citation needed] The main sales room occupies a former chapel, with allegorical frescoes of the four continents painted by Paolino Sarti decorating the vaulted ceilings. The old sacristy is decorated with frescoes by the early-Renaissance artist Mariotto di Nardo, painted in 1380. The Green Room houses displays of wax products, room fragrances, accessories, and men's grooming products. The Old Pharmacy (Antica Spezieria) displays the full range of medicaments and elixirs, foods including biscuits, chocolate, tea, and honey, and the pharmacy's famous liqueurs like Alchermes and Liquore Mediceo. The museum and its exhibits are housed in the Old Laboratories of the Via della Scala premises, containing ceramic and earthenware jars from the 16th and 17th centuries, historic soap machines, and traditional tools. The library is housed in the old sacristy of the church, and includes medieval recipe and reference books. | ccbe0404-f78a-4d58-b9e3-d83b52298d14 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormidazole"} | Chemical compound
Chlormidazole (INN, also known as clomidazole) is used as a spasmolytic and azole antifungal drug.
Synthesis | d27d3f3d-64d2-443b-a7cf-a01db661e249 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Nozi%C3%A8re"} | French author (born 1943)
Jean-Paul Nozière (born 1943, Monay) is a French author who lives in Bourgogne, France. He has written about thirty books for young adults, as well as eight mysteries for adults (in particular the series Enquêtes de Slimane of which two of four have received a prix du polar.
One of his books, Un été Algérien (An Algerian Summer), has received many awards in France. Algeria and its war for independence are of personal importance to him and are recurring themes throughout his works.
Some of his other works include, Dossier Top Secret (Top Secret Folder), Eldorado, Retour à Ithaque (Return to Ithaca), Tu vaux mieux que mon frère (You're worth more than my brother), and Fin août—début septembre (End of August—Beginning of September). He also wrote "La Chanson De Hannah. | fddf88f6-784d-4177-ba41-1106c992a38b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TypeRacer"} | Web video game
TypeRacer is a multiplayer online browser-based typing game. In TypeRacer, players complete typing tests of various texts as fast as possible, competing against themselves or with other users online. It was launched in March 2008.
History
TypeRacer was created by programmer Alex Epshteyn, using the OpenSocial application programming interface (API) and the Google Web Toolkit. Epshteyn is a former intern at Google and graduate of the University of Massachusetts Amherst with a Master's degree in computer science. He was inspired to create a competitive multiplayer typing game because the Windows shareware program he used to learn touch typing lacked a multiplayer mode. Although older games, such as The Typing of the Dead, had launched before Epshteyn's conception of TypeRacer, the existence of such were unbeknownst to him due to his self-described inexperience in the gaming community. When a former engineer from the hallmark typing game Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing contacted Epshteyn regarding TypeRacer, he expressed approval for the project on behalf of the Beacon team.
TypeRacer was listed among PC Magazine's "Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites of 2008".
Gameplay
Players compete by racing miniature cars that advance as the users type various passages. The passages range in lengths from approximately 20 to 930 characters. For racing, there is the default ("maintrack") option, where players race against each other by typing randomly selected quotes from a database. Practice racing, or "ghosting", is the game's single-player option where players can type any text on demand, and save up to five races.[citation needed] In addition, there are separate competitions and private tracks. In competitions, the player with the most points by a certain time wins. In private tracks, players need a customized link to access the track. When typing text selections, accuracy is required; any typing errors detected in spelling, capitalization or punctuation must be fixed by the player before continuing with the race. The typing passages are popular culture references and come from songs, films, television shows, video games and books. For example, text selections include passages from such sources as Monty Python and the Holy Grail, A Clockwork Orange, and Stephen Colbert's I Am America (And So Can You!). Additional quotes can be submitted by users to be considered for addition into the game.
When racing, the words per minute (wpm) speed recorded from a given user are compiled and used to generate metrics like a player's all-time average and their last ten averages. Based on a player's average, players are categorized into one of six graduated ranks:[citation needed]
TypeRacer has taken repeated measures to restrict the use of cheats including measures such as keystroke replays and a captcha anticheat that requires users who achieve over 100 wpm in a race to complete a CAPTCHA. When completed successfully, if high-scoring players achieve a score that is 25% higher than their recorded CAPTCHA speed, an additional challenge-response test will be reactivated.
After a player completes a race, five metrics measure the user's performance: registered wpm, unlagged wpm, accuracy, points, and rank. Registered wpm is how fast the website has calculated a player's speed average throughout the text. It is measured in a way that prevents cheaters from manually sending scores to the website, which means there is often lag that lowers a player's wpm count. The unlagged wpm is a player's actual speed. Players can view it by watching a replay of their race. A player's accuracy is the percentage of the characters entered correctly in the text. A player's points is an alternate way of measuring how well a person did in a race. The better a player performs, the more points that player gets. These results are also used in competitions to determine the winner. A player's rank is equivalent to their place in the race. Whoever completes the race fastest takes first place.
There are many "universes" in TypeRacer. These are branches of the main site dedicated to a specific aspect of typing. For example, there is a "Numbers Universe" where the texts are exclusively numbers, and there is a "Marathon Universe", where all of the texts are extremely long. | a7bef9f5-7c81-4e47-a88b-056d6ba61f21 |
null | Pakistani politician
Abdul Rehman Khetran is a Pakistani politician who has been the Provincial Minister of Balochistan since 9 September 2018. He has been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan since August 2018.
Previously, he was a member of the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan from May 2013 to May 2018.
Early life and education
He was born on 20 December 1958 in Barkhan District.
He has a Master of Arts degree.
Political career
He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan as a candidate of Jamiat Ulema-e Islam (F) from Constituency PB-17 Barkhan in 2013 Pakistani general election.
He was re-elected to Provincial Assembly of Balochistan as an independent candidate from Constituency PB-8 (Barkhan) in 2018 Pakistani general election as an independent candidate. He later joined Balochistan Awami Party and currently serving as its spokesperson.
On 8 September 2018, he was inducted into the provincial Balochistan cabinet of Chief Minister Jam Kamal Khan. On 9 September, he was appointed as Provincial Minister of Balochistan for Science and Information Technology. | a2faec08-516a-426a-a65b-81d3fe7fc46d |
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