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5
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8901
[ "This", "GAG", "also", "possesses", "immunomodulatory", "activity", "in", "vivo", "and", "can", "antagonize", "the", "capacity", "of", "IFN-gamma", "to", "induce", "class", "II", "MHC", "antigen", "expression", ",", "and", "to", "up-regulate", "intercellular", "adhesion", "molecule-1", ",", "by", "cultured", "endothelial", "cells", "." ]
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8902
[ "Previous", "studies", "have", "shown", "that", "binding", "to", "cell-surface", "heparan", "sulphate", "is", "essential", "for", "optimal", "activity", "of", "IFN-gamma", "and", "that", "free", "heparin", "competitively", "inhibits", "this", "sequestration", "process", "." ]
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8903
[ "The", "present", "study", "was", "performed", "to", "increase", "our", "understanding", "of", "the", "immunosuppressive", "activity", "of", "heparin", "by", "investigation", "of", "potential", "antagonism", "of", "the", "production", "and", "function", "of", "monocyte", "chemotactic", "peptide-1", "(", "MCP-1", ")", ",", "a", "chemokine", "important", "for", "mononuclear", "leucocyte", "recruitment", "across", "vascular", "endothelium", "." ]
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8904
[ "It", "was", "found", "that", "mixture", "of", "heparin", "with", "IFN-gamma", "inhibited", "up-regulation", "of", "the", "signal", "transducer", "and", "activator", "of", "transcription", "protein", ",", "STAT-1", "produced", "normally", "by", "treatment", "of", "endothelial", "cells", "with", "IFN-gamma", "." ]
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8905
[ "An", "inhibition", "of", "MCP-1", "production", "was", "observed", "that", "was", "specifically", "caused", "by", "mixture", "of", "IFN-gamma", "with", "heparin-like", ",", "and", "therefore", "cytokine-binding", ",", "GAGs", "." ]
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8906
[ "It", "was", "also", "shown", "that", "mixture", "of", "heparin-like", "GAGs", "with", "MCP-1", "inhibited", "the", "rapid", "tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "of", "phosphatidylinositol", "3-kinase", "which", "is", "normally", "produced", "by", "treatment", "of", "mononuclear", "leucocytes", "with", "this", "chemokine", "." ]
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8907
[ "Blockade", "of", "this", "intracellular", "signalling", "event", "was", "associated", "with", "a", "reduction", "in", "the", "normal", "transendothelial", "migration", "response", "towards", "MCP-1", "." ]
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8908
[ "Results", "from", "this", "study", "indicate", "that", "soluble", ",", "heparin-like", "GAGs", "can", "block", "IFN-gamma", "-dependent", "up-regulation", "of", "MCP-1", "production", "by", "cultured", "endothelial", "cells", ",", "and", "can", "also", "antagonize", "the", "leucocyte-activating", "and", "migration-promoting", "properties", "of", "pre-existing", "MCP-1", "." ]
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8909
[ "These", "activities", "may", "contribute", "to", "the", "immunomodulatory", "properties", "of", "heparin", "." ]
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8910
[ "[", "Molecular-biologic", "aspects", "of", "interaction", "between", "nervous", "and", "immune", "systems", "]" ]
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8911
[ "The", "problem", "of", "the", "neuro-immuno", "interactions", "on", "the", "level", "of", "the", "protein", "trans-factors", ",", "stimulating", "interleukin-2", "(", "IL-2", ")", "gene", "expression", "was", "discussed", "." ]
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8912
[ "The", "physico-chemical", "and", "functional", "parameters", "of", "the", "low", "molecular", "nuclear", "proteins", "(", "SP", "and", "BP-", "14", ",", "18", ",", "19", "kDs", ")", "isolated", "from", "splenic", "and", "brain", "cells", "of", "immunized", "rats", "were", "studied", "." ]
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8913
[ "The", "binding", "of", "these", "proteins", "to", "the", "regulatory", "region", "of", "IL-2", "gene", "in", "vitro", "and", "stimulation", "of", "the", "IL-2mRNA", "synthesis", "in", "splenic", "T-lymphocytes", "culture", "in", "normal", "conditions", "were", "shown", "." ]
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8914
[ "The", "protective", "effect", "of", "SP", "and", "BP", "on", "the", "IL-2mRNA", "synthesis", "in", "stressful", "conditions", "and", "by", "the", "T-cells", "treatment", "with", "the", "CsA", "was", "demonstrated", "." ]
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8915
[ "Interferon-alpha", "activates", "multiple", "STAT", "proteins", "and", "upregulates", "proliferation-associated", "IL-2Ralpha", ",", "c-myc", ",", "and", "pim-1", "genes", "in", "human", "T", "cells", "." ]
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8916
[ "Interferon-alpha", "(", "IFN-alpha", ")", "is", "a", "pleiotropic", "cytokine", "that", "has", "antiviral", ",", "antiproliferative", ",", "and", "immunoregulatory", "functions", "." ]
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8917
[ "There", "is", "increasing", "evidence", "that", "IFN-alpha", "has", "an", "important", "role", "in", "T-cell", "biology", "." ]
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8918
[ "We", "have", "analyzed", "the", "expression", "of", "IL-2Ralpha", ",", "c-myc", ",", "and", "pim-1", "genes", "in", "anti-CD3-activated", "human", "T", "lymphocytes", "." ]
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8919
[ "The", "induction", "of", "these", "genes", "is", "associated", "with", "interleukin-2", "(", "IL-2", ")", "-induced", "T-cell", "proliferation", "." ]
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8920
[ "Treatment", "of", "T", "lymphocytes", "with", "IFN-alpha", ",", "IL-2", ",", "IL-12", ",", "and", "IL-15", "upregulated", "IL-2Ralpha", ",", "c-myc", ",", "and", "pim-1", "gene", "expression", "." ]
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8921
[ "IFN-alpha", "also", "sensitized", "T", "cells", "to", "IL-2", "-induced", "proliferation", ",", "further", "suggesting", "that", "IFN-alpha", "may", "be", "involved", "in", "the", "regulation", "of", "T-cell", "mitogenesis", "." ]
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8922
[ "When", "we", "analyzed", "the", "nature", "of", "STAT", "proteins", "capable", "of", "binding", "to", "IL-2Ralpha", ",", "pim-1", ",", "and", "IRF-1", "GAS", "elements", "after", "cytokine", "stimulation", ",", "we", "observed", "IFN-alpha", "-induced", "binding", "of", "STAT1", ",", "STAT3", ",", "and", "STAT4", ",", "but", "not", "STAT5", "to", "all", "of", "these", "elements", "." ]
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8923
[ "Yet", ",", "IFN-alpha", "was", "able", "to", "activate", "binding", "of", "STAT5", "to", "the", "high-affinity", "IFP53", "GAS", "site", "." ]
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8924
[ "IFN-alpha", "enhanced", "tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "of", "STAT1", ",", "STAT3", ",", "STAT4", ",", "STAT5a", ",", "and", "STAT5b", "." ]
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8925
[ "IL-12", "induced", "STAT4", "and", "IL-2", "and", "IL-15", "induced", "STAT5", "binding", "to", "the", "GAS", "elements", "." ]
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8926
[ "Taken", "together", ",", "our", "results", "suggest", "that", "IFN-alpha", ",", "IL-2", ",", "IL-12", ",", "and", "IL-15", "have", "overlapping", "activities", "on", "human", "T", "cells", "." ]
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8927
[ "These", "findings", "thus", "emphasize", "the", "importance", "of", "IFN-alpha", "as", "a", "T-cell", "regulatory", "cytokine", "." ]
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8928
[ "The", "Megakaryocyte/Platelet-specific", "enhancer", "of", "the", "alpha2beta1", "integrin", "gene", ":", "two", "tandem", "AP1", "sites", "and", "the", "mitogen-activated", "protein", "kinase", "signaling", "cascade", "." ]
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8929
[ "The", "alpha2beta1", "integrin", ",", "a", "collagen", "receptor", "on", "platelets", "and", "megakaryocytes", ",", "is", "required", "for", "normal", "platelet", "function", "." ]
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8930
[ "Transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "the", "alpha2", "integrin", "gene", "in", "cells", "undergoing", "megakaryocytic", "differentiation", "requires", "a", "core", "promoter", "between", "bp", "-30", "and", "-92", ",", "a", "silencer", "between", "bp", "-92", "and", "-351", ",", "and", "megakaryocytic", "enhancers", "in", "the", "distal", "5", "'", "flank", "." ]
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8931
[ "We", "have", "now", "identified", "a", "229-bp", "region", "of", "the", "distal", "5", "'", "flank", "of", "the", "alpha2", "integrin", "gene", "required", "for", "high-level", "enhancer", "activity", "in", "cells", "with", "megakaryocytic", "features", "." ]
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8932
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8933
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8934
[ "Inhibition", "of", "the", "MAP", "kinase", "cascade", "with", "PD98059", ",", "a", "specific", "inhibitor", "of", "MAPK", "kinase", "1", ",", "prevented", "the", "expression", "of", "the", "alpha2", "integrin", "subunit", "in", "cells", "induced", "to", "become", "megakaryocytic", "." ]
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8935
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8936
[ "Functional", "association", "of", "Nmi", "with", "Stat5", "and", "Stat1", "in", "IL-2", "-and", "IFNgamma", "-mediated", "signaling", "." ]
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8937
[ "Using", "the", "coiled-coil", "region", "of", "Stat5b", "as", "the", "bait", "in", "a", "yeast", "two-hybrid", "screen", ",", "we", "identified", "the", "association", "of", "Nmi", ",", "a", "protein", "of", "unknown", "function", "previously", "reported", "as", "an", "N-Myc", "interactor", "." ]
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8938
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8939
[ "We", "evaluated", "two", "cytokine", "systems", ",", "IL-2", "and", "IFNgamma", ",", "and", "demonstrate", "that", "Nmi", "augments", "STAT", "-mediated", "transcription", "in", "response", "to", "these", "cytokines", "." ]
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8940
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8941
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8942
[ "Lactobacilli", "and", "vaginal", "host", "defense", ":", "activation", "of", "the", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "type", "1", "long", "terminal", "repeat", ",", "cytokine", "production", ",", "and", "NF-kappaB", "." ]
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8943
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8944
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8945
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8946
[ "The", "active", "material", "partitioned", "into", "the", "phenol", "layer", "on", "hot", "aqueous", "phenol", "extraction", "." ]
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8947
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8948
[ "Human", "vaginal", "fluid", "specimens", "had", "comparable", "properties", ",", "which", "correlated", "with", "their", "bacterial", "content", "." ]
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8949
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8950
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8951
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8952
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8953
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8954
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8955
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8956
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8957
[ "Increased", "expression", "of", "wild-type", "NFAT1", "substantially", "increases", "IL-4", "promoter", "activity", "in", "unprimed", "CD4", "T", "cells", ",", "suggesting", "NFAT1", "may", "be", "limiting", "for", "IL-4", "gene", "expression", "in", "this", "cell", "type", "." ]
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8958
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8959
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8960
[ "Differential", "monocyte", "adhesion", "and", "adhesion", "molecule", "expression", "in", "venous", "and", "arterial", "endothelial", "cells", "." ]
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8961
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8962
[ "TNF", "and", "LPS", "stimulated", "vascular", "cell", "adhesion", "molecule", "(", "VCAM", ")", "-1", "surface", "expression", "and", "adhesion", "of", "U-937", "monocyte-like", "cells", "to", "HUVECs", "but", "not", "to", "HUAECs", "." ]
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8963
[ "Antibody", "studies", "demonstrated", "that", "in", "HUVECs", "at", "least", "75", "%", "of", "the", "adhesion", "response", "is", "VCAM-1", "mediated", "." ]
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8964
[ "Interleukin-1", "stimulated", "U-937", "cell", "adhesion", "to", "and", "VCAM-1", "surface", "expression", "in", "both", "HUVECs", "and", "HUAECs", "." ]
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8965
[ "Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate", "and", "the", "proteasome", "inhibitor", "MG-132", "blocked", "TNF", "-and", "LPS-stimulated", "U-937", "cell", "adhesion", "to", "HUVECs", "." ]
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8966
[ "These", "agents", "also", "significantly", "decreased", "TNF", "-and", "LPS-stimulated", "increases", "in", "HUVEC", "surface", "VCAM-1", "." ]
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8967
[ "TNF", "increased", "VCAM-1", "protein", "and", "mRNA", "in", "HUVECs", "that", "was", "blocked", "by", "pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate", "." ]
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8968
[ "However", ",", "neither", "TNF", "or", "LPS", "stimulated", "VCAM-1", "expression", "in", "HUAECs", "." ]
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8969
[ "TNF", "stimulated", "expression", "of", "both", "intercellular", "adhesion", "molecule-1", "and", "E-selectin", "in", "HUVECs", ",", "but", "in", "HUAECs", ",", "only", "intercellular", "adhesion", "molecule-1", "was", "increased", "." ]
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8970
[ "Electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assays", "demonstrated", "no", "difference", "in", "the", "pattern", "of", "TNF", "-stimulated", "nuclear", "factor-kappaB", "activation", "between", "HUVECs", "and", "HUAECs", "." ]
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8971
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8972
[ "Functional", "testosterone", "receptors", "in", "plasma", "membranes", "of", "T", "cells", "." ]
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8973
[ "T", "cells", "are", "considered", "to", "be", "unresponsive", "to", "testosterone", "due", "to", "the", "absence", "of", "androgen", "receptors", "(", "AR", ")", "." ]
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8974
[ "Here", ",", "we", "demonstrate", "the", "testosterone", "responsiveness", "of", "murine", "splenic", "T", "cells", "in", "vitro", "as", "well", "as", "the", "presence", "of", "unconventional", "cell", "surface", "receptors", "for", "testosterone", "and", "classical", "intracellular", "AR", "." ]
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8975
[ "Binding", "sites", "for", "testosterone", "on", "the", "surface", "of", "both", "CD4", "(", "+", ")", "and", "CD8", "(", "+", ")", "subsets", "of", "T", "cells", "are", "directly", "revealed", "with", "the", "impeded", "ligand", "testosterone-BSA-FITC", "by", "confocal", "laser", "scanning", "microscopy", "(", "CLSM", ")", "and", "flow", "cytometry", ",", "respectively", "." ]
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8976
[ "Binding", "of", "the", "plasma", "membrane", "impermeable", "testosterone-BSA", "conjugate", "induces", "a", "rapid", "rise", "(", "<", "5", "s", ")", "in", "[", "Ca2+", "]", "i", "of", "Fura-2-loaded", "T", "cells", "." ]
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8977
[ "This", "rise", "reflects", "influx", "of", "extracellular", "Ca2+", "through", "non-voltage-gated", "and", "Ni2+-blockable", "Ca2+", "channels", "of", "the", "plasma", "membrane", "." ]
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8978
[ "The", "testosterone-BSA-induced", "Ca2+", "import", "is", "not", "affected", "by", "cyproterone", ",", "a", "blocker", "of", "the", "AR", "." ]
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8979
[ "In", "addition", ",", "AR", "are", "not", "detectable", "on", "the", "surface", "of", "intact", "T", "cells", "when", "using", "anti-AR", "antibodies", "directed", "against", "the", "amino", "and", "carboxy", "terminus", "of", "the", "AR", ",", "although", "T", "cells", "contain", "AR", ",", "as", "revealed", "by", "reverse", "transcription-polymerase", "chain", "reactions", "and", "Western", "blotting", "." ]
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8980
[ "AR", "can", "be", "visualized", "with", "the", "anti-AR", "antibodies", "in", "the", "cytoplasm", "of", "permeabilized", "T", "cells", "by", "using", "CLSM", ",", "though", "AR", "are", "not", "detectable", "in", "cytosol", "fractions", "when", "using", "the", "charcoal", "binding", "assay", "with", "3H-R1881", "as", "ligand", "." ]
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8981
[ "Cytoplasmic", "AR", "do", "not", "translocate", "to", "the", "nucleus", "of", "T", "cells", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "testosterone", ",", "in", "contrast", "to", "cytoplasmic", "AR", "in", "human", "cancer", "LNCaP", "cells", "." ]
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8982
[ "These", "findings", "suggest", "that", "the", "classical", "AR", "present", "in", "splenic", "T", "cells", "are", "not", "active", "in", "the", "genomic", "pathway", "." ]
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8983
[ "By", "contrast", ",", "the", "cell", "surface", "receptors", "for", "testosterone", "are", "in", "a", "functionally", "active", "state", ",", "enabling", "T", "cells", "a", "nongenomic", "response", "to", "testosterone", "." ]
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8984
[ "Limited", "proteolysis", "for", "assaying", "ligand", "binding", "affinities", "of", "nuclear", "receptors", "." ]
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8985
[ "The", "binding", "of", "natural", "or", "synthetic", "ligands", "to", "nuclear", "receptors", "is", "the", "triggering", "event", "leading", "to", "gene", "transcription", "activation", "or", "repression", "." ]
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8986
[ "Ligand", "binding", "to", "the", "ligand", "binding", "domain", "of", "these", "receptors", "induces", "conformational", "changes", "that", "are", "evidenced", "by", "an", "increased", "resistance", "of", "this", "domain", "to", "proteases", "." ]
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8987
[ "In", "vitro", "labeled", "receptors", "were", "incubated", "with", "various", "synthetic", "or", "natural", "agonists", "or", "antagonists", "and", "submitted", "to", "trypsin", "digestion", "." ]
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8988
[ "Proteolysis", "products", "were", "separated", "by", "SDS-PAGE", "and", "quantified", "." ]
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8989
[ "The", "amount", "of", "trypsin", "-resistant", "fragments", "was", "proportional", "to", "receptor", "occupancy", "by", "the", "ligand", ",", "and", "allowed", "the", "determination", "of", "dissociation", "constants", "(", "kDa", ")", "." ]
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8990
[ "Using", "the", "wild-type", "or", "mutated", "human", "retinoic", "acid", "receptor", "alpha", "as", "a", "model", ",", "kDa", "values", "determined", "by", "classical", "competition", "binding", "assays", "using", "tritiated", "ligands", "are", "in", "agreement", "with", "those", "measured", "by", "the", "proteolytic", "assay", "." ]
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8991
[ "This", "method", "was", "successfully", "extended", "to", "human", "retinoic", "X", "receptor", "alpha", ",", "glucocorticoid", "receptor", ",", "and", "progesterone", "receptor", ",", "thus", "providing", "a", "basis", "for", "a", "new", ",", "faster", "assay", "to", "determine", "simultaneously", "the", "affinity", "and", "conformation", "of", "receptors", "when", "bound", "to", "a", "given", "ligand", "." ]
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8992
[ "Genes", "that", "regulate", "interleukin-4", "expression", "in", "T", "cells", "." ]
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8993
[ "Interleukin-4", "is", "an", "immunomodulatory", "cytokine", "which", "plays", "a", "central", "role", "in", "the", "regulation", "of", "allergic", "and", "atopic", "immune", "responses", "." ]
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8994
[ "Significant", "progress", "has", "been", "made", "in", "gaining", "a", "detailed", "understanding", "of", "the", "transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "the", "interleukin-4", "gene", "." ]
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8995
[ "The", "recent", "identification", "and", "characterization", "of", "several", "key", "transcription", "factors", "has", "helped", "to", "elucidate", "the", "molecular", "mechanisms", "of", "T", "helper", "cell", "cytokine", "gene", "expression", "." ]
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8996
[ "B", "lymphocytes", "from", "patients", "with", "chronic", "lymphocytic", "leukemia", "contain", "signal", "transducer", "and", "activator", "of", "transcription", "(", "STAT", ")", "1", "and", "STAT3", "constitutively", "phosphorylated", "on", "serine", "residues", "." ]
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8997
[ "To", "explore", "the", "pathogenesis", "of", "chronic", "lymphocytic", "leukemia", "(", "CLL", ")", ",", "we", "examined", "whether", "phosphorylation", "of", "one", "or", "more", "signal", "transducer", "and", "activator", "of", "transcription", "(", "STAT", ")", "factors", "was", "abnormal", "in", "cells", "from", "CLL", "patients", "." ]
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8998
[ "No", "constitutive", "tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "was", "detected", "on", "any", "STAT", "in", "CLL", "cells", "." ]
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8999
[ "To", "assess", "the", "phosphorylation", "of", "serine", "residues", "of", "STAT1", "and", "STAT3", "in", "CLL", "cells", ",", "we", "raised", "antibodies", "that", "specifically", "recognize", "the", "form", "of", "STAT1", "phosphorylated", "on", "ser-727", "and", "the", "form", "of", "STAT3", "phosphorylated", "on", "ser-727", "." ]
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9000
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