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7201
[ "Inhibition", "of", "NF-kappaB", "activity", "inhibits", "the", "P/I", "mediated", "induction", "of", "FasL", "mRNA", "and", "decreases", "the", "level", "of", "apoptosis", "in", "these", "cultures", ",", "thus", "establishing", "NF-kappaB", "as", "a", "proapoptotic", "factor", "in", "this", "context", "." ]
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7202
[ "Conversely", ",", "inhibition", "of", "NF-kappaB", "confers", "a", "tenfold", "increase", "in", "glucocorticoid", "mediated", "apoptosis", ",", "establishing", "that", "NF-kappaB", "also", "functions", "as", "an", "antiapoptotic", "factor", "." ]
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7203
[ "We", "conclude", "that", "NF-kappaB", "is", "a", "context-dependent", "apoptosis", "regulator", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
7204
[ "Our", "data", "suggests", "that", "NF-kappaB", "may", "function", "as", "an", "antiapoptotic", "factor", "in", "thymocytes", "while", "functioning", "as", "a", "proapoptotic", "factor", "in", "mature", "peripheral", "T", "cells", "." ]
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7205
[ "SOCS-3", "is", "tyrosine", "phosphorylated", "in", "response", "to", "interleukin-2", "and", "suppresses", "STAT5", "phosphorylation", "and", "lymphocyte", "proliferation", "." ]
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7206
[ "Members", "of", "the", "recently", "discovered", "SOCS/CIS/SSI", "family", "have", "been", "proposed", "as", "regulators", "of", "cytokine", "signaling", ",", "and", "while", "targets", "and", "mechanisms", "have", "been", "suggested", "for", "some", "family", "members", ",", "the", "precise", "role", "of", "these", "proteins", "remains", "to", "be", "defined", "." ]
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7207
[ "To", "date", "no", "SOCS", "proteins", "have", "been", "specifically", "implicated", "in", "interleukin-2", "(", "IL-2", ")", "signaling", "in", "T", "cells", "." ]
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7208
[ "Here", "we", "report", "SOCS-3", "expression", "in", "response", "to", "IL-2", "in", "both", "T-cell", "lines", "and", "human", "peripheral", "blood", "lymphocytes", "." ]
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7209
[ "SOCS-3", "protein", "was", "detectable", "as", "early", "as", "30", "min", "following", "IL-2", "stimulation", ",", "while", "CIS", "was", "seen", "only", "at", "low", "levels", "after", "2", "h", "." ]
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7210
[ "Unlike", "CIS", ",", "SOCS-3", "was", "rapidly", "tyrosine", "phosphorylated", "in", "response", "to", "IL-2", "." ]
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7211
[ "Tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "of", "SOCS-3", "was", "observed", "upon", "coexpression", "with", "Jak1", "and", "Jak2", "but", "only", "weakly", "with", "Jak3", "." ]
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7212
[ "In", "these", "experiments", ",", "SOCS-3", "associated", "with", "Jak1", "and", "inhibited", "Jak1", "phosphorylation", ",", "and", "this", "inhibition", "was", "markedly", "enhanced", "by", "the", "presence", "of", "IL-2", "receptor", "beta", "chain", "(", "IL-2Rbeta", ")", "." ]
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7213
[ "Moreover", ",", "following", "IL-2", "stimulation", "of", "T", "cells", ",", "SOCS-3", "was", "able", "to", "interact", "with", "the", "IL-2", "receptor", "complex", ",", "and", "in", "particular", "tyrosine", "phosphorylated", "Jak1", "and", "IL-2Rbeta", "." ]
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7214
[ "Additionally", ",", "in", "lymphocytes", "expressing", "SOCS-3", "but", "not", "CIS", ",", "IL-2", "-induced", "tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "of", "STAT5b", "was", "markedly", "reduced", ",", "while", "there", "was", "only", "a", "weak", "effect", "on", "IL-3-mediated", "STAT5b", "tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "." ]
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7215
[ "Finally", ",", "proliferation", "induced", "by", "both", "IL-2", "-and", "IL-3", "was", "significantly", "inhibited", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "SOCS-3", "." ]
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7216
[ "The", "findings", "suggest", "that", "when", "SOCS-3", "is", "rapidly", "induced", "by", "IL-2", "in", "T", "cells", ",", "it", "acts", "to", "inhibit", "IL-2", "responses", "in", "a", "classical", "negative", "feedback", "loop", "." ]
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7217
[ "Human", "alveolar", "macrophages", "are", "markedly", "deficient", "in", "REF-1", "and", "AP-1", "DNA", "binding", "activity", "." ]
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7218
[ "Although", "many", "functions", "of", "human", "alveolar", "macrophages", "are", "altered", "compared", "with", "their", "precursor", "cell", ",", "the", "blood", "monocyte", "(", "monocyte", ")", ",", "the", "reason", "(", "s", ")", "for", "these", "functional", "changes", "have", "not", "been", "determined", "." ]
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7219
[ "We", "recently", "reported", "that", "human", "alveolar", "macrophages", "do", "not", "express", "AP-1", "DNA", "binding", "activity", "(", "Monick", ",", "M.", "M.", ",", "Carter", ",", "A.", "B.", ",", "Gudmundsson", ",", "G.", ",", "Geist", ",", "L.", "J.", ",", "and", "Hunninghake", ",", "G.", "W.", "(", "1998", ")", "Am.", "J.", "Physiol.", "275", ",", "L389-L397", ")", "." ]
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7220
[ "To", "determine", "why", "alveolar", "macrophages", "do", "not", "express", "AP-1", "DNA", "binding", "activity", ",", "we", "first", "showed", "that", "there", "was", "not", "a", "decrease", "in", "expression", "of", "the", "FOS", "and", "JUN", "proteins", "that", "make", "up", "the", "AP-1", "complex", "." ]
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7221
[ "There", "was", ",", "however", ",", "a", "significant", "difference", "in", "the", "amounts", "of", "the", "nuclear", "protein", ",", "REF-1", "(", "which", "regulates", "AP-1", "DNA", "binding", "by", "altering", "the", "redox", "status", "of", "FOS", "and", "JUN", "proteins", ")", ",", "in", "alveolar", "macrophages", "compared", "with", "monocytes", "." ]
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7222
[ "In", "addition", ",", "in", "vitro", "differentiation", "of", "monocytes", "to", "a", "macrophage-like", "cell", "resulted", "in", "decreased", "amounts", "of", "REF-1", "." ]
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7223
[ "Finally", ",", "addition", "of", "REF-1", "from", "activated", "monocytes", "to", "alveolar", "macrophage", "nuclear", "proteins", "resulted", "in", "a", "marked", "increase", "in", "AP-1", "DNA", "binding", "." ]
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7224
[ "These", "studies", "strongly", "suggest", "that", "the", "process", "of", "differentiation", "of", "monocytes", "into", "alveolar", "macrophages", "is", "associated", "with", "a", "loss", "of", "REF-1", "and", "AP-1", "activity", "." ]
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7225
[ "This", "observation", "may", "explain", ",", "in", "part", ",", "some", "of", "the", "functional", "differences", "observed", "for", "alveolar", "macrophages", "compared", "with", "monocytes", "." ]
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7226
[ "Development", "and", "maturation", "of", "secondary", "lymphoid", "tissues", "." ]
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7227
[ "The", "secondary", "lymphoid", "tissues", "are", "located", "at", "strategic", "sites", "where", "foreign", "antigens", "can", "be", "efficiently", "brought", "together", "with", "immune", "system", "regulatory", "and", "effector", "cells", "." ]
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7228
[ "The", "organized", "structure", "of", "the", "secondary", "lymphoid", "tissues", "is", "thought", "to", "enhance", "the", "sensitivity", "of", "antigen", "recognition", "and", "to", "support", "proper", "regulation", "of", "the", "activation", "and", "maturation", "of", "the", "antigen-responsive", "lymphoid", "cells", "." ]
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7229
[ "Although", "a", "substantial", "amount", "is", "known", "about", "the", "cellular", "elements", "that", "compose", "the", "lymphoid", "and", "nonlymphoid", "components", "of", "the", "secondary", "lymphoid", "tissues", ",", "information", "concerning", "the", "signals", "that", "control", "the", "development", "of", "the", "tissues", "and", "that", "maintain", "the", "organized", "tissue", "microenvironment", "remain", "undefined", "." ]
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7230
[ "Studies", "over", "the", "past", "few", "years", "have", "identified", "lymphotoxin", "as", "a", "critical", "signaling", "molecule", "not", "only", "for", "the", "organogenesis", "of", "secondary", "lymphoid", "tissues", "but", "for", "the", "maintenance", "of", "aspects", "of", "their", "microarchitecture", "as", "well", "." ]
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7231
[ "Additional", "signaling", "molecules", "that", "contribute", "to", "the", "formation", "of", "normal", "lymphoid", "tissue", "structure", "are", "being", "identified", "at", "an", "accelerating", "pace", "." ]
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7232
[ "Analyses", "of", "mouse", "strains", "with", "congenital", "defects", "in", "different", "aspects", "of", "secondary", "lymphoid", "tissue", "development", "are", "beginning", "to", "clarify", "the", "role", "of", "these", "tissues", "in", "immune", "responses", "and", "host", "defense", "." ]
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7233
[ "This", "review", "focuses", "on", "studies", "defining", "recently", "identified", "crucial", "signals", "for", "the", "biogenesis", "of", "secondary", "lymphoid", "organs", "and", "for", "the", "maintenance", "of", "their", "proper", "microarchitecture", "." ]
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7234
[ "It", "also", "discusses", "new", "insights", "into", "how", "the", "structure", "of", "these", "tissues", "supports", "effective", "immune", "responses", "." ]
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7235
[ "Modulation", "of", "CD28", "expression", ":", "distinct", "regulatory", "pathways", "during", "activation", "and", "replicative", "senescence", "." ]
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7236
[ "The", "costimulatory", "molecule", "CD28", "has", "a", "restricted", "tissue", "distribution", "and", "is", "expressed", "on", "T", "cells", "and", "some", "plasmacytoma", "cells", "." ]
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7237
[ "Although", "CD28", "is", "constitutively", "expressed", ",", "its", "expression", "is", "transiently", "down-regulated", "following", "T", "cell", "activation", "and", "declines", "progressively", "with", "in", "vitro", "senescence", "." ]
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7238
[ "In", "vivo", ",", "CD8+", "T", "cells", "and", ",", "less", "frequently", ",", "CD4+", "T", "cells", "may", "completely", "lose", "CD28", "surface", "expression", "during", "chronic", "infections", "and", "with", "aging", "." ]
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7239
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7240
[ "Both", "alpha-", "and", "beta-bound", "complexes", "are", "found", "only", "in", "lymphoid", "tissues", ",", "in", "CD28+", "T", "cells", ",", "and", "in", "some", "transformed", "B", "cells", "." ]
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7241
[ "These", "complexes", "are", "coordinately", "expressed", "except", "during", "replicative", "senescence", ",", "which", "is", "characterized", "by", "the", "down-modulation", "of", "site", "beta", "-but", "not", "site", "alpha", "-binding", "activities", "." ]
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7242
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7243
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7244
[ "In", "vivo", "expanded", "CD4+CD28null", "and", "CD8+CD28null", "T", "cells", "uniformly", "lack", "alpha-", "and", "beta-", "bound", "complexes", ",", "resembling", "the", "pattern", "seen", "in", "chronically", "activated", "cells", "and", "not", "of", "senescent", "cells", "." ]
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7245
[ "A", "role", "for", "RanBP1", "in", "the", "release", "of", "CRM1", "from", "the", "nuclear", "pore", "complex", "in", "a", "terminal", "step", "of", "nuclear", "export", "." ]
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7246
[ "We", "recently", "developed", "an", "assay", "in", "which", "nuclear", "export", "of", "the", "shuttling", "transcription", "factor", "NFAT", "(", "nuclear", "factor", "of", "activated", "T", "cells", ")", "can", "be", "reconstituted", "in", "permeabilized", "cells", "with", "the", "GTPase", "Ran", "and", "the", "nuclear", "export", "receptor", "CRM1", "." ]
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7247
[ "We", "have", "now", "used", "this", "assay", "to", "identify", "another", "export", "factor", "." ]
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7248
[ "After", "preincubation", "of", "permeabilized", "cells", "with", "a", "Ran", "mutant", "that", "can", "not", "hydrolyze", "GTP", "(", "RanQ69L", ")", ",", "cytosol", "supports", "NFAT", "export", ",", "but", "CRM1", "and", "Ran", "alone", "do", "not", "." ]
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7249
[ "The", "RanQ69L", "preincubation", "leads", "to", "accumulation", "of", "CRM1", "at", "the", "cytoplasmic", "periphery", "of", "the", "nuclear", "pore", "complex", "(", "NPC", ")", "in", "association", "with", "the", "p62", "complex", "and", "Can/Nup214", "." ]
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7250
[ "Ran", "GTP-dependent", "association", "of", "CRM1", "with", "these", "nucleoporins", "was", "reconstituted", "in", "vitro", "." ]
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7251
[ "By", "biochemical", "fractionation", "and", "reconstitution", ",", "we", "showed", "that", "RanBP1", "restores", "nuclear", "export", "after", "the", "RanQ69L", "preincubation", "." ]
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7252
[ "It", "also", "stimulates", "nuclear", "export", "in", "cells", "that", "have", "not", "been", "preincubated", "with", "RanQ69L", "." ]
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7253
[ "RanBP1", "as", "well", "as", "Ran-binding", "domains", "of", "the", "cytoplasmic", "nucleoporin", "RanBP2", "promote", "the", "release", "of", "CRM1", "from", "the", "NPC", "." ]
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7254
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7255
[ "c-Myc", "and", "E1A", "induced", "cellular", "sensitivity", "to", "activated", "NK", "cells", "involves", "cytotoxic", "granules", "as", "death", "effectors", "." ]
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7256
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7275
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7276
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7278
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7281
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7283
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