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6701
[ "OBJECTIVE", ":", "We", "aimed", "to", "find", "the", "transcriptional", "mechanisms", "that", "regulate", "the", "IL-5", "gene", "to", "selectively", "control", "IL-5", "synthesis", "." ]
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6702
[ "METHODS", ":", "Allergen-specific", "T-cell", "clones", "and", "T-cell", "hybridomas", "were", "established", "from", "the", "peripheral", "blood", "lymphocytes", "of", "patients", "with", "asthma", ",", "and", "the", "transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "the", "IL-5", "gene", "was", "investigated", "with", "transient", "transfection", "and", "electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "analysis", "." ]
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6703
[ "RESULTS", ":", "A", "human", "IL-5", "promoter/enhancer-luciferase", "gene", "construct", ",", "pIL-5", "(", "-511", ")", "Luc", ",", "was", "transcribed", "on", "activation", "of", "IL-5-producing", "T-cell", "clones", ",", "but", "not", "IL-5-nonproducing", "clones", "." ]
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6704
[ "pIL-5", "(", "-511", ")", "Luc", "was", "transcribed", "by", "T-cell", "hybridomas", "derived", "from", "fusion", "between", "IL-5-producing", "T-cell", "clones", "and", "an", "IL-5", "gene-nonexpressing", "T-cell", "line", ",", "but", "not", "by", "hybridomas", "derived", "from", "IL-5-nonproducing", "T-cell", "clones", "." ]
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6705
[ "IL-5", "synthesis", "was", "not", "only", "induced", "by", "T-cell", "receptor", "stimulation", "but", "also", "by", "IL-2", "receptor", "stimulation", "." ]
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6706
[ "Binding", "of", "NF-AT", ",", "NF-kappaB", ",", "and", "AP-1", "was", "induced", "by", "T-cell", "receptor", "(", "TcR", ")", "stimulation", ",", "although", "there", "was", "no", "significant", "upregulation", "of", "binding", "by", "IL-2", "stimulation", "." ]
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6707
[ "CONCLUSION", ":", "IL-5", "synthesis", "by", "human", "helper", "T", "cells", "is", "regulated", "at", "the", "transcriptional", "level", "." ]
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6708
[ "A", "unique", "transcriptional", "mechanism", "distinct", "from", "those", "regulating", "the", "IL-2", "or", "IL-4", "genes", "seems", "to", "control", "the", "IL-5", "gene", "." ]
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6709
[ "Selective", "regulation", "of", "IL-5", "gene", "transcription", "may", "be", "useful", "for", "treating", "eosinophlic", "inflammation", "." ]
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6710
[ "Defining", "therapeutic", "targets", "by", "using", "adenovirus", ":", "blocking", "NF-kappaB", "inhibits", "both", "inflammatory", "and", "destructive", "mechanisms", "in", "rheumatoid", "synovium", "but", "spares", "anti-inflammatory", "mediators", "." ]
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6711
[ "The", "role", "of", "the", "transcription", "factor", "NF-kappaB", "in", "the", "pathogenesis", "of", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "has", "long", "been", "a", "subject", "of", "controversy", "." ]
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6712
[ "We", "used", "an", "adenoviral", "technique", "of", "blocking", "NF-kappaB", "through", "overexpression", "of", "the", "inhibitory", "subunit", "IkappaBalpha", ",", "which", "has", "the", "advantage", "that", "it", "can", "be", "used", "in", "the", "diseased", "tissue", "itself", ",", "with", ">", "90", "%", "of", "the", "synovial", "macrophages", ",", "fibroblasts", ",", "and", "T", "cells", "infected", "." ]
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6713
[ "We", "found", "that", "the", "spontaneous", "production", "of", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "alpha", "and", "other", "pro-inflammatory", "cytokines", "is", "NF-kappaB", "-dependent", "in", "rheumatoid", "synovial", "tissue", ",", "in", "contrast", "to", "the", "main", "anti-inflammatory", "mediators", ",", "like", "IL-10", "and", "-11", ",", "and", "the", "IL-1", "receptor", "antagonist", "." ]
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6714
[ "Of", "even", "more", "interest", ",", "IkappaBalpha", "overexpression", "inhibited", "the", "production", "of", "matrix", "metalloproteinases", "1", "and", "3", "while", "not", "affecting", "their", "tissue", "inhibitor", "." ]
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6715
[ "Blocking", "NF-kappaB", "in", "the", "rheumatoid", "joint", "thus", "has", "a", "very", "beneficial", "profile", ",", "reducing", "both", "the", "inflammatory", "response", "and", "the", "tissue", "destruction", "." ]
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6716
[ "The", "adenoviral", "technique", "described", "here", "has", "widespread", "applicability", ",", "allowing", "rapid", "testing", "of", "the", "effects", "of", "blocking", "a", "potential", "therapeutic", "target", "in", "either", "cultures", "of", "normal", "cells", "or", "in", "the", "diseased", "tissue", "itself", "." ]
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6717
[ "Resistance", "to", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "induced", "apoptosis", "in", "vitro", "correlates", "with", "high", "metastatic", "capacity", "of", "cells", "in", "vivo", "." ]
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6718
[ "TNF", "is", "one", "of", "the", "cytokines", "secreted", "by", "the", "cells", "of", "the", "immune", "system", "." ]
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6719
[ "Our", "data", "demonstrate", "that", "those", "cell", "lines", "lacking", "capability", "to", "form", "metastatic", "tumors", "in", "vivo", "are", "susceptible", "to", "TNF", "induced", "apoptosis", "in", "vitro", "." ]
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6720
[ "However", ",", "cell", "lines", "with", "high", "metastatic", "potential", "are", "resistant", "to", "TNF", "in", "vitro", "." ]
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6721
[ "Furthermore", ",", "the", "same", "cell", "lines", "were", "resistant", "to", "cytolytic", "action", "of", "other", "cytotoxic", "proteins", "secreted", "by", "LAK", "cells", "." ]
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6722
[ "Our", "data", "showed", "that", "TNF", "resistance", "in", "vitro", "correlates", "with", "the", "increased", "level", "of", "transcription", "factor", "NF-kappaB", "." ]
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6723
[ "This", "finding", "may", "provide", "a", "tool", "to", "improve", "current", "protocols", "of", "immunotherapy", "and", "insights", "to", "how", "tumor", "cells", "are", "or", "are", "not", "killed", "by", "LAK", "cells", "." ]
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6724
[ "Clonality", "analysis", "of", "granulocytes", "and", "T", "lymphocytes", "in", "healthy", "females", "by", "the", "PCR-based", "HUMARA", "method", "." ]
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6725
[ "Clonality", "analysis", "utilizing", "X-chromosome", "inactivation", "has", "been", "used", "in", "the", "study", "of", "various", "diseases", ",", "including", "hematological", "malignancies", "." ]
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6726
[ "The", "human", "androgen", "receptor", "gene", "(", "HUMARA", ")", "assay", "is", "the", "newest", "of", "such", "methods", ",", "and", "the", "majority", "of", "the", "female", "population", "can", "be", "assessed", "by", "this", "relatively", "simple", "procedure", "." ]
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6727
[ "One", "problem", "in", "using", "these", "clonality", "analysis", "methods", ",", "however", ",", "is", "that", "there", "may", "be", "significant", "variation", "in", "Lyonization", "in", "blood", "cells", "in", "normal", "individuals", "." ]
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6728
[ "To", "determine", "the", "diversity", "in", "X-chromosome", "methylation", "patterns", ",", "which", "reflect", "Lyonization", ",", "assessed", "by", "the", "HUMARA", "assay", "in", "the", "supposedly", "normal", "population", ",", "we", "analyzed", "granulocytes", "and", "T", "cells", "from", "97", "relatively", "young", "(", "18-", "to", "35-year-old", ")", "healthy", "female", "volunteers", "." ]
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6729
[ "We", "found", "that", "the", "methylation", "patterns", "in", "the", "two", "HUMARA", "alleles", "were", "distributed", "even", "more", "widely", ",", "both", "in", "granuloctyes", "and", "in", "T", "cells", ",", "than", "previously", "reported", "with", "other", "methods", "." ]
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6730
[ "We", "also", "found", "that", "the", "deviation", "of", "methylation", "in", "granulocytes", "and", "T", "cells", "was", "well", "correlated", "." ]
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6731
[ "Thus", ",", "we", "conclude", "that", "appropriate", "controls", "from", "the", "same", "individuals", ",", "such", "as", "T", "cells", "in", "the", "case", "of", "stem", "cell", "disorders", ",", "should", "always", "be", "employed", "to", "conclusively", "determine", "whether", "certain", "cells", "of", "hematopoietic", "origin", "are", "clonal", "." ]
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6732
[ "Functional", "B-cell", "response", "in", "intrahepatic", "lymphoid", "follicles", "in", "chronic", "hepatitis", "C", "." ]
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6733
[ "Intrahepatic", "lymphoid", "follicle", "(", "ILF", ")", "formation", "is", "one", "of", "the", "most", "characteristic", "and", "commonly", "observed", "histological", "features", "in", "patients", "with", "chronic", "hepatitis", "C", "." ]
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6734
[ "However", ",", "little", "is", "known", "regarding", "whether", "follicles", "in", "the", "liver", "belong", "to", "functional", "lymphoid", "tissues", ",", "where", "B", "cells", "are", "activated", ",", "differentiated", ",", "and", "proliferated", ",", "or", "if", "the", "lymphocytes", "are", "merely", "infiltrated", "after", "recruitment", "from", "the", "secondary", "lymphoid", "organs", "." ]
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6735
[ "To", "ascertain", "this", "possibility", ",", "we", "examined", "the", "expression", "of", "markers", "for", "B-cell", "activation", ",", "differentiation", ",", "and", "proliferation", "in", "ILFs", "in", "patients", "with", "chronic", "hepatitis", "C", "using", "surgically", "resected", "specimens", ",", "and", "compared", "them", "with", "specimens", "of", "perihepatic", "lymph", "nodes", "by", "an", "immunohistochemical", "technique", "." ]
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6736
[ "Germinal", "center", "(", "GC", ")", "formation", "in", "the", "ILFs", "was", "frequently", "found", "in", "HCV-positive", "cases", "." ]
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6737
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6738
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6739
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6740
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6741
[ "The", "Wilms", "'", "tumor", "gene", "(", "WT1", ")", "encodes", "a", "transcription", "factor", "of", "the", "zinc", "finger", "type", "." ]
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6742
[ "A", "high", "expression", "of", "WT1", "has", "been", "detected", "in", "a", "range", "of", "acute", "leukemias", ",", "and", "WT1", "is", "downregulated", "during", "induced", "differentiation", "of", "some", "leukemic", "cell", "lines", "." ]
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6743
[ "Overexpression", "of", "WT1", "in", "some", "myeloid", "cell", "lines", "confers", "resistance", "to", "differentiation", "induction", "." ]
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6744
[ "These", "observations", "suggest", "that", "a", "high", "WT1", "expression", "in", "hematopoietic", "cells", "is", "incompatible", "with", "differentiation", "." ]
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6745
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6746
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6747
[ "We", "now", "demonstrate", "that", "a", "forced", "exogenous", "expression", "of", "the", "four", "different", "isoforms", "of", "WT1", "in", "K562", "does", "not", "affect", "the", "differentiation", "response", ",", "as", "judged", "by", "accumulation", "of", "hemoglobin", "in", "response", "to", "hemin", "or", "the", "expression", "of", "megakaryocytic", "cell", "surface", "markers", "in", "response", "to", "12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate", "(", "TPA", ")", "." ]
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6748
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6749
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6750
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6751
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6752
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