id
stringlengths
1
5
tokens
sequence
ner_tags
sequence
6501
[ "This", "remodeling", "of", "promoter", "chromatin", "structure", "resulted", "in", "3-fold", "increases", "in", "beta-globin", "gene", "transcription", "and", "induction", ",", "and", "inhibited", "long-term", "beta-globin", "gene", "silencing", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0 ]
6502
[ "These", "results", "indicate", "that", "a", "relatively", "small", "cis-acting", "element", "is", "able", "to", "enhance", "remodeling", "of", "promoter", "chromatin", "structure", "resulting", "in", "increased", "beta-globin", "gene", "expression", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0 ]
6503
[ "Regulation", "of", "low", "shear", "flow-induced", "HAEC", "VCAM-1", "expression", "and", "monocyte", "adhesion", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 9, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0 ]
6504
[ "We", "recently", "reported", "that", "prolonged", "exposure", "of", "human", "aortic", "endothelial", "cells", "(", "HAEC", ")", "to", "low", "shear", "stress", "flow", "patterns", "is", "associated", "with", "a", "sustained", "increase", "in", "the", "activated", "form", "of", "the", "transcriptional", "regulator", "nuclear", "factor-kappaB", "(", "NF-kappaB", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
6505
[ "Here", "we", "investigate", "the", "hypothesis", "that", "low", "shear-induced", "activation", "of", "NF-kappaB", "is", "responsible", "for", "enhanced", "expression", "of", "vascular", "cell", "adhesion", "molecule", "(", "VCAM-1", ")", "resulting", "in", "augmented", "endothelial", "cell-monocyte", "(", "EC-Mn", ")", "adhesion", "and", "that", "this", "activation", "is", "dependent", "on", "intracellular", "oxidant", "activity", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6506
[ "Before", "exposure", "to", "low", "shear", "(", "2", "dyn/cm2", ")", "for", "6", "h", ",", "HAEC", "were", "preincubated", "with", "or", "without", "the", "antioxidants", "pyrrolidine", "dithiocarbamate", "(", "PDTC", ")", "or", "N-acetyl-L-cysteine", "(", "NAC", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6507
[ "PDTC", "strongly", "inhibited", "low", "shear-induced", "activation", "of", "NF-kappaB", ",", "expression", "of", "VCAM-1", ",", "and", "EC-Mn", "adhesion", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6508
[ "Paradoxically", ",", "NAC", "exerted", "a", "positive", "effect", "on", "low", "shear-induced", "VCAM-1", "expression", "and", "EC-Mn", "adhesion", "and", "only", "slightly", "downregulated", "NF-kappaB", "activation", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
6509
[ "However", ",", "cytokine-induced", "NF-kappaB", "activation", "and", "VCAM-1", "expression", "are", "blocked", "by", "both", "PDTC", "and", "NAC", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6510
[ "These", "data", "suggest", "that", "NF-kappaB", "plays", "a", "key", "role", "in", "low", "shear-induced", "VCAM-1", "expression", "and", "that", "pathways", "mediating", "low", "shear-", "and", "cytokine-induced", "EC-Mn", "adhesion", "may", "be", "differentially", "regulated", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6511
[ "Nuclear", "factor-90", "of", "activated", "T-cells", ":", "A", "double-stranded", "RNA", "-binding", "protein", "and", "substrate", "for", "the", "double-stranded", "RNA-dependent", "protein", "kinase", ",", "PKR", "." ]
[ 9, 10, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0 ]
6512
[ "NFAT", "transcription", "factors", "play", "a", "central", "role", "in", "initiating", "T-cell", "activation", "through", "the", "induction", "of", "immediate-early", "T-cell", "specific", "genes", "including", "interleukin-2", "(", "IL-2", ")", "." ]
[ 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
6513
[ "NFAT", "transcription", "factors", "bind", "to", "a", "sequence", "in", "the", "IL-2", "enhancer", "known", "as", "the", "antigen", "receptor", "response", "element", "2", "(", "ARRE-2", ")", "." ]
[ 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]
6514
[ "Multiple", "proteins", "exhibiting", "ARRE-2", "binding", "activity", "have", "been", "isolated", ",", "including", "a", "heterodimer", "from", "stimulated", "T-cell", "nuclear", "extracts", "consisting", "of", "Mr", "=", "90", "000", "(", "NF90", ")", "and", "Mr", "=", "45", "000", "(", "NF45", ")", "subunits", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0 ]
6515
[ "The", "subunits", "of", "this", "heterodimer", "have", "been", "cloned", ",", "and", "NF90", "was", "found", "to", "encode", "a", "protein", "containing", "two", "domains", "that", "are", "predicted", "to", "form", "motifs", "capable", "of", "binding", "to", "double-stranded", "RNA", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6516
[ "Using", "in", "vitro", "translated", "polypeptides", ",", "we", "have", "demonstrated", "that", "NF90", "specifically", "binds", "to", "double-stranded", "RNA", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6517
[ "Furthermore", ",", "NF90", "was", "phosphorylated", "in", "a", "double-stranded", "RNA", "-dependent", "manner", "likely", "by", "the", "interferon-induced", ",", "double-stranded", "RNA-dependent", "protein", "kinase", ",", "PKR", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0 ]
6518
[ "The", "NF90", "protein", "was", "found", "to", "be", "expressed", "not", "only", "in", "T-cells", ",", "but", "also", "in", "nonimmune", "HeLa", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0 ]
6519
[ "In", "HeLa", "cells", ",", "the", "protein", "was", "almost", "exclusively", "localized", "to", "the", "ribosome", "salt", "wash", "fraction", "of", "cell", "lysates", "." ]
[ 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6520
[ "NF-kappaB", "activation", "is", "required", "for", "C5a-induced", "interleukin-8", "gene", "expression", "in", "mononuclear", "cells", "." ]
[ 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
6521
[ "C5a", ",", "a", "potent", "peptide", "chemoattractant", ",", "stimulates", "interleukin-8", "(", "IL-8", ")", "secretion", "from", "peripheral", "blood", "mononuclear", "cells", "(", "PBMC", ")", "." ]
[ 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 7, 0, 0 ]
6522
[ "Experiments", "were", "conducted", "to", "understand", "the", "mechanisms", "for", "C5a-induced", "IL-8", "production", ",", "which", "was", "14-fold", "greater", "than", "that", "in", "unstimulated", "cells", "by", "2", "hours", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6523
[ "IL-8", "secretion", "was", "accompanied", "by", "accumulation", "of", "IL-8", "mRNA", "in", "the", "cytosol", "and", "by", "nuclear", "expression", "of", "a", "kappaB", "DNA", "binding", "activity", "within", "30", "minutes", "." ]
[ 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6524
[ "AP-1", "but", "not", "NF-IL-6", "DNA", "binding", "activity", "was", "also", "detected", "in", "C5a-stimulated", "PBMC", ";", "however", ",", "its", "delayed", "expression", "(", "maximal", "at", "4", "hours", ")", "suggested", "a", "less", "important", "role", "in", "the", "rapid", "production", "of", "IL-8", "." ]
[ 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
6525
[ "The", "correlation", "between", "C5a-induced", "kappaB", "binding", "activity", "and", "IL-8", "gene", "expression", "was", "examined", "in", "the", "RAW264.7", "macrophage", "cells", "using", "reporter", "genes", "directed", "by", "the", "kappaB", "sequence", "from", "IkappaBalpha", "and", "IL-8", "promoter", "regions", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0 ]
6526
[ "C5a-induced", "reporter", "gene", "expression", "was", "abolished", "by", "introducing", "mutations", "into", "the", "kappaB", "sites", "and", "by", "coexpression", "of", "a", "dominant", "negative", "IkappaBalpha", "construct", "resistant", "to", "agonist-induced", "phosphorylation", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6527
[ "Pertussis", "toxin", ",", "which", "ADP-ribosylates", "the", "Gi", "proteins", "known", "to", "couple", "to", "the", "C5a", "receptor", ",", "produced", "minimal", "inhibition", "of", "C5a-induced", "IL-8", "expression", "and", "had", "little", "effect", "on", "C5a-induced", "calcium", "mobilization", "in", "RAW264.7", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0 ]
6528
[ "These", "results", "suggest", "that", "NF-kappaB", "activation", "is", "required", "for", "C5a-induced", "IL-8", "gene", "expression", "and", "that", "this", "response", "is", "mediated", "primarily", "through", "a", "pertussis", "toxin-insensitive", "pathway", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6529
[ "Increased", "glucocorticoid", "receptor", "beta", "in", "airway", "cells", "of", "glucocorticoid-insensitive", "asthma", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6530
[ "Glucocorticoid", "(", "GC", ")", "-insensitive", "asthma", "is", "a", "challenging", "clinical", "problem", "that", "can", "be", "associated", "with", "life-threatening", "disease", "progression", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6531
[ "The", "molecular", "basis", "of", "GC", "insensitivity", "is", "unknown", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6532
[ "Alternative", "splicing", "of", "the", "GC", "receptor", "(", "GCR", ")", "pre-mRNA", "generates", "a", "second", "GCR", ",", "termed", "GCRbeta", ",", "which", "does", "not", "bind", "GC", "but", "antagonizes", "the", "transactivating", "activity", "of", "the", "classic", "GCR", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
6533
[ "Thus", "increased", "expression", "of", "GCRbeta", "could", "account", "for", "glucocorticoid", "insensitivity", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6534
[ "Bronchoalveolar", "lavage", "(", "BAL", ")", "cells", "and", "peripheral", "blood", "mononuclear", "cells", "(", "PBMC", ")", "were", "examined", "for", "GCRbeta", "immunoreactivity", "using", "a", "GCRbeta-specific", "antibody", "by", "immunohistochemical", "staining", "." ]
[ 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6535
[ "Cell", "localization", "of", "GCRbeta", "expression", "was", "performed", "using", "a", "double", "immunostaining", "technique", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6536
[ "Patients", "with", "GC-insensitive", "asthma", "expressed", "a", "significantly", "higher", "number", "of", "GCRbeta-immunoreactive", "cells", "in", "their", "BAL", "and", "peripheral", "blood", "than", "GC-sensitive", "asthmatics", "or", "normal", "control", "subjects", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6537
[ "Furthermore", ",", "GCRbeta", "expression", "in", "GC-insensitive", "asthma", "was", "particularly", "high", "in", "airway", "T", "cells", ",", "which", "are", "thought", "to", "play", "a", "major", "role", "in", "the", "pathogenesis", "of", "asthma", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6538
[ "We", "also", "examined", "the", "expression", "of", "GCRbeta", "in", "specimens", "from", "the", "airways", "of", "patients", "with", "chronic", "bronchitis", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6539
[ "In", "chronic", "bronchitis", ",", "few", "cells", "were", "GCRbeta-positive", "and", "their", "numbers", "did", "not", "differ", "significantly", "from", "normal", "control", "subjects", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6540
[ "We", "conclude", "that", "GC-insensitive", "asthma", "is", "associated", "with", "increased", "expression", "of", "GCRbeta", "in", "airway", "T", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
6541
[ "Activation", "of", "the", "Janus", "kinase", "3", "-STAT5a", "pathway", "after", "CD40", "triggering", "of", "human", "monocytes", "but", "not", "of", "resting", "B", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
6542
[ "CD40", "/CD40", "ligand", "interactions", "play", "a", "key", "role", "in", "the", "immune", "responses", "of", "B", "lymphocytes", ",", "monocytes", ",", "and", "dendritic", "cells", "." ]
[ 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 7, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
6543
[ "The", "signal", "transduction", "events", "triggered", "by", "cross-linking", "of", "the", "CD40", "receptor", "have", "been", "widely", "studied", "in", "B", "cell", "lines", ",", "but", "little", "is", "known", "about", "signaling", "following", "CD40", "stimulation", "of", "monocytes", "and", "resting", "tonsillar", "B", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0 ]
6544
[ "Therefore", ",", "we", "studied", "the", "CD40", "pathway", "in", "highly", "purified", "human", "monocytes", "and", "resting", "B", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
6545
[ "After", "CD40", "triggering", ",", "a", "similar", "activation", "of", "the", "NF-kappaB", "(", "but", "not", "of", "the", "AP-1", ")", "transcription", "factor", "complex", "occurred", "in", "both", "cell", "preparations", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6546
[ "However", ",", "the", "components", "of", "the", "NF-kappaB", "complexes", "were", "different", "in", "monocytes", "and", "B", "cells", ",", "because", "p50", "is", "part", "of", "the", "NF-kappaB", "complex", "induced", "by", "CD40", "triggering", "in", "both", "monocytes", "and", "B", "cells", ",", "whereas", "p65", "was", "only", "induced", "in", "B", "cells", ".", "In", "contrast", ",", "although", "the", "Janus", "kinase", "3", "tyrosine", "kinase", "was", "associated", "with", "CD40", "molecules", "in", "both", "monocytes", "and", "resting", "B", "cells", ",", "Janus", "kinase", "3", "phosphorylation", "induction", "was", "observed", "only", "in", "CD40-activated", "monocytes", ",", "with", "subsequent", "induction", "of", "STAT5a", "DNA", "binding", "activity", "in", "the", "nucleus", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6547
[ "These", "results", "suggest", "that", "the", "activation", "signals", "in", "human", "B", "cells", "and", "monocytes", "differ", "following", "CD40", "stimulation", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 7, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
6548
[ "This", "observation", "is", "consistent", "with", "the", "detection", "of", "normal", "CD40", "-induced", "monocyte", "activation", "in", "patients", "with", "CD40", "ligand+", "hyper", "IgM", "syndrome", "in", "whom", "a", "defect", "in", "CD40", "-induced", "B", "cell", "activation", "has", "been", "reported", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6549
[ "Genetic", "evidence", "for", "an", "additional", "factor", "required", "for", "erythropoietin", "-induced", "signal", "transduction", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6550
[ "Erythropoietin", "(", "EPO", ")", "and", "its", "receptor", "(", "EPOR", ")", "are", "required", "for", "the", "development", "of", "mature", "erythrocytes", "." ]
[ 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0 ]
6551
[ "After", "binding", "of", "ligand", ",", "the", "EPOR", "activates", "a", "variety", "of", "signaling", "pathways", "that", "ultimately", "control", "cellular", "proliferation", ",", "survival", ",", "and", "specific", "gene", "expression", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6552
[ "Although", "erythroid", "progenitors", "appear", "to", "be", "the", "principal", "EPO-responsive", "cell", "type", "in", "vivo", "due", "to", "the", "restricted", "expression", "of", "the", "EPOR", ",", "many", "growth", "factor-dependent", "cell", "lines", "expressing", "the", "EPOR", "can", "respond", "to", "EPO", "by", "activating", "many", "or", "all", "of", "these", "pathways", "." ]
[ 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6553
[ "In", "the", "present", "study", ",", "we", "have", "identified", "a", "cellular", "context", "(", "the", "interleukin-2", "[", "IL-2", "]", "-dependent", "HT-2", "line", ")", "in", "which", "the", "EPO", "stimulation", "of", "the", "EPOR", "fails", "to", "support", "cellular", "proliferation", ",", "STAT-5", "induction", ",", "or", "MAPK", "activation", ",", "despite", "efficient", "phosphorylation", "of", "the", "EPOR", "and", "JAK2", "and", "inhibition", "of", "apoptosis", "after", "withdrawal", "of", "IL-2", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
6554
[ "Interestingly", ",", "when", "we", "fused", "HT-2", "cells", "expressing", "the", "EPOR", "with", "Ba/F3", "cells", "in", "a", "complementation", "assay", ",", "the", "resulting", "hybridomas", "proliferated", "and", "potently", "activated", "STAT-5", "and", "MAPK", "in", "response", "to", "EPO", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 9, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
6555
[ "These", "data", "indicate", "that", "an", "unidentified", "cellular", "factor", "is", "needed", "to", "mediate", "signaling", "by", "the", "EPOR", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
6556
[ "Moreover", ",", "Ba/F3", "cells", "apparently", "express", "this", "factor", "(", "s", ")", "and", "somatic", "fusions", "can", ",", "therefore", ",", "confer", "EPO", "-responsiveness", "to", "HT-2", "cells", "that", "lack", "this", "factor", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6557
[ "Novel", "therapies", "for", "inflammatory", "bowel", "disease", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6558
[ "Looking", "back", "at", "successes", "and", "failures", "in", "newer", "approaches", "to", "treating", "IBD", ",", "it", "is", "tempting", "--", "although", "still", "difficult", "--", "to", "draw", "conclusions", "about", "pathogenesis", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6559
[ "When", "a", "therapy", "proves", "effective", ",", "do", "clinicians", "truly", "know", "how", "it", "works", "?", "Even", "with", "a", "therapy", "as", "specific", "as", "anti-TNF", "antibody", ",", "it", "is", "not", "clear", "if", "the", "benefit", "is", "attributable", "to", "simple", "binding", "and", "clearance", "of", "TNF-alpha", "or", "to", "binding", "on", "the", "cell", "surface", "and", "subsequent", "deletion", "of", "the", "activated", "macrophage", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0 ]
6560
[ "When", "a", "drug", "appears", "to", "be", "less", "effective", "than", "preclinical", "models", "suggest", ",", "can", "failures", "in", "effectiveness", "from", "delivery", "or", "dosing", "be", "differentiated", "?", "The", "disappointing", "results", "of", "clinical", "trials", "with", "IL-10", "--", "so", "at", "odds", "with", "the", "prediction", "of", "benefit", "from", "animal", "models", "--", "bring", "into", "question", "the", "validity", "of", "those", "models", "as", "well", "as", "the", "soundness", "of", "design", "of", "the", "clinical", "trials", "on", "which", "efficacy", "of", "IL-10", "is", "judged", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0 ]
6561
[ "The", "variability", "of", "response", "even", "to", "the", "most", "narrowly", "targeted", "agents", "suggests", "that", "these", "diseases", "are", "far", "more", "heterogeneous", "in", "humans", "than", "in", "their", "murine", "counterparts", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6562
[ "Clinicians", "are", "only", "just", "beginning", "to", "recognize", "subclinical", "markers", "of", "response", ",", "and", "it", "may", "soon", "be", "possible", "to", "predict", "response", "on", "the", "basis", "of", "genetic", "composition", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6563
[ "For", "the", "moment", ",", "however", ",", "the", "field", "of", "pharmacogenetics", "is", "embryonic", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6564
[ "Challenges", "in", "developing", "new", "therapeutic", "strategies", "include", "not", "only", "identifying", "novel", "agents", ",", "but", "also", "improving", "the", "definitions", "of", "clinical", "endpoints", "and", "defining", "efficacy", "at", "the", "biologic", "level", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6565
[ "Only", "through", "considered", "evaluation", "of", "clinical", "evidence", "may", "clinicians", "determine", "which", "therapies", "should", "remain", "novelties", "and", "which", "should", "become", "an", "accepted", "part", "of", "the", "armamentarium", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6566
[ "Potent", "and", "stable", "attenuation", "of", "live-HIV-1", "by", "gain", "of", "a", "proteolysis-resistant", "inhibitor", "of", "NF-kappaB", "(", "IkappaB-alphaS32/36A", ")", "and", "the", "implications", "for", "vaccine", "development", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6567
[ "Live-attenuated", "human", "immunodeficiency", "viruses", "(", "HIVs", ")", "are", "candidates", "for", "Acquired", "Immunodeficiency", "Syndrome", "(", "AIDS", ")", "vaccine", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6568
[ "Based", "on", "the", "simian", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "(", "SIV", ")", "model", "for", "AIDS", ",", "loss-of-function", "(", "e.g.", "deletion", "of", "accessory", "genes", "such", "as", "nef", ")", "has", "been", "forwarded", "as", "a", "primary", "approach", "for", "creating", "enfeebled", ",", "but", "replication-competent", ",", "HIV-1/SIV", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6569
[ "Regrettably", ",", "recent", "evidence", "suggests", "that", "loss-of-function", "alone", "is", "not", "always", "sufficient", "to", "prevent", "the", "emergence", "of", "virulent", "mutants", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6570
[ "New", "strategies", "that", "attenuate", "via", "mechanisms", "distinct", "from", "loss-of-function", "are", "needed", "for", "enhancing", "the", "safety", "phenotype", "of", "viral", "genome", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6571
[ "Here", ",", "we", "propose", "gain-of-function", "to", "be", "used", "simultaneously", "with", "loss-of-function", "as", "a", "novel", "approach", "for", "attenuating", "HIV-1", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6572
[ "We", "have", "constructed", "an", "HIV-1", "genome", "carrying", "the", "cDNA", "of", "a", "proteolysis-resistant", "nuclear", "factor-kappaB", "inhibitor", "(", "IkappaB-alphaS32/36A", ")", "in", "the", "nef", "region", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0 ]
6573
[ "HIV-1", "expressing", "IkappaB-alphaS32/36A", "down-regulates", "viral", "expression", "and", "is", "highly", "attenuated", "in", "both", "Jurkat", "and", "peripheral", "blood", "mononuclear", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0 ]
6574
[ "We", "provide", "formal", "proof", "that", "the", "phenotypic", "and", "attenuating", "characteristics", "of", "IkappaB-alphaS32/36A", "permit", "its", "stable", "maintenance", "in", "a", "live", ",", "replicating", "HIV-1", "despite", "180", "days", "of", "forced", "ex", "vivo", "passaging", "in", "tissue", "culture", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6575
[ "As", "compared", "with", "other", "open-reading", "frames", "embedded", "into", "HIV/SIV", "genome", ",", "this", "degree", "of", "stability", "is", "unprecedented", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6576
[ "Thus", ",", "IkappaB-alphaS32/36A", "offers", "proof-of-principle", "that", "artifactually", "gained", "functions", ",", "when", "used", "to", "attenuate", "the", "replication", "of", "live", "HIV-1", ",", "can", "be", "stable", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6577
[ "These", "findings", "illustrate", "gain-of-function", "as", "a", "feasible", "strategy", "for", "developing", "safer", "live-attenuated", "HIVs", "to", "be", "tested", "as", "candidates", "for", "AIDS", "vaccine", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6578
[ "Multiple", "NF-ATc", "isoforms", "with", "individual", "transcriptional", "properties", "are", "synthesized", "in", "T", "lymphocytes", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
6579
[ "The", "transcription", "factor", "NF-ATc", "that", "controls", "gene", "expression", "in", "T", "lymphocytes", "and", "embryonic", "cardiac", "cells", "is", "expressed", "in", "three", "prominent", "isoforms", "." ]
[ 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6580
[ "This", "is", "due", "to", "alternative", "splice/polyadenylation", "events", "that", "lead", "to", "the", "predominant", "synthesis", "of", "two", "long", "isoforms", "in", "naive", "T", "cells", "and", "a", "shorter", "NF-ATc", "isoform", "in", "effector", "T", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
6581
[ "Whereas", "the", "previously", "described", "isoform", "NF-ATc/A", "contains", "a", "relatively", "short", "C", "terminus", ",", "the", "longer", "isoforms", ",", "B", "and", "C", ",", "span", "extra", "C-terminal", "peptides", "of", "128", "and", "246", "aa", ",", "respectively", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6582
[ "We", "show", "here", "that", "in", "addition", "to", "the", "strong", "N-terminal", "trans-activation", "domain", ",", "TAD-A", ",", "which", "is", "common", "to", "all", "three", "NF-ATc", "isoforms", ",", "NF-ATc/C", "contains", "a", "second", "trans-activation", "domain", ",", "TAD-B", ",", "in", "its", "C-terminal", "peptide", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6583
[ "Various", "stimuli", "of", "T", "cells", "that", "induce", "the", "activity", "of", "TAD-A", "also", "enhance", "the", "activity", "of", "TAD-B", ",", "but", ",", "unlike", "TAD-A", ",", "TAD-B", "remains", "unphosphorylated", "by", "protein", "from", "12-O-tetradecanoyl", "12-phorbol", "13-acetate-stimulated", "T", "cells", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]
6584
[ "The", "shorter", "C-terminal", "peptide", "of", "isoform", "NF-ATc/B", "exerts", "a", "suppressive", "transcriptional", "effect", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6585
[ "These", "properties", "of", "NF-ATc/B", "and", "-C", "might", "be", "of", "importance", "for", "gene", "regulation", "in", "naive", "T", "lymphocytes", "in", "which", "NF-ATc/B", "and", "-C", "are", "predominantly", "synthesized", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6586
[ "Selection", "and", "long-term", "persistence", "of", "reactive", "CTL", "clones", "during", "an", "EBV", "chronic", "response", "are", "determined", "by", "avidity", ",", "CD8", "variable", "contribution", "compensating", "for", "differences", "in", "TCR", "affinities", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]
6587
[ "Recent", "studies", "have", "suggested", "that", "the", "diversity", "of", "TCR", "repertoire", "after", "primary", "immunization", "is", "conserved", "in", "memory", "T", "cells", "and", "that", "a", "progressive", "narrowing", "of", "this", "repertoire", "may", "take", "place", "during", "recall", "infections", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6588
[ "It", "now", "remains", "to", "be", "investigated", "which", "parameters", "determine", "the", "repertoire", "of", "the", "memory", "response", "and", "possibly", "restrict", "its", "diversity", "after", "subsequent", "antigenic", "challenges", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6589
[ "To", "address", "this", "question", ",", "we", "took", "advantage", "of", "a", "panel", "of", "CD8+", "T", "cell", "clones", "from", "the", "joint", "of", "a", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "patient", "and", "selected", "for", "their", "reactivity", "against", "a", "single", "MHC/peptide", "complex", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6590
[ "Characterization", "of", "both", "TCR", "chains", "documented", "a", "great", "diversity", "among", "those", "clones", "and", "the", "persistence", "of", "clonotypes", "over", "a", "2-yr", "period", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6591
[ "Strikingly", ",", "despite", "the", "observed", "repertoire", "heterogeneity", ",", "all", "clones", "displayed", "a", "narrow", "range", "of", "MHC", "/peptide", "density", "requirements", "in", "cytotoxicity", "assays", "(", "ED50", "between", "9", "and", "36", "nM", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6592
[ "TCR", "affinities", "were", "then", "indirectly", "estimated", "by", "blocking", "CD8", "interaction", "with", "an", "anti-CD8", "mAb", "." ]
[ 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]
6593
[ "We", "found", "a", "wide", "range", "of", "TCR", "affinities", "among", "the", "different", "clonotypes", "that", "segregated", "with", "Vbeta", "usage", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6594
[ "We", "thus", "propose", "that", "during", "an", "in", "vivo", "chronic", "response", ",", "a", "narrow", "range", "of", "avidity", "of", "the", "TCR-CD8", "complex", "conditions", "long-term", "clonotype", "persistence", ",", "and", "that", "the", "level", "of", "CD8", "contribution", "is", "adjusted", "to", "keep", "clonotypes", "with", "variable", "TCR", "affinities", "within", "this", "avidity", "window", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6595
[ "Nuclear", "localization", "and", "formation", "of", "beta-catenin-lymphoid", "enhancer", "factor", "1", "complexes", "are", "not", "sufficient", "for", "activation", "of", "gene", "expression", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6596
[ "In", "response", "to", "activation", "of", "the", "Wnt", "signaling", "pathway", ",", "beta-catenin", "accumulates", "in", "the", "nucleus", ",", "where", "it", "cooperates", "with", "LEF/TCF", "(", "for", "lymphoid", "enhancer", "factor", "and", "T-cell", "factor", ")", "transcription", "factors", "to", "activate", "gene", "expression", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6597
[ "The", "mechanisms", "by", "which", "beta-catenin", "undergoes", "this", "shift", "in", "location", "and", "participates", "in", "activation", "of", "gene", "transcription", "are", "unknown", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6598
[ "We", "demonstrate", "here", "that", "beta-catenin", "can", "be", "imported", "into", "the", "nucleus", "independently", "of", "LEF/TCF", "binding", ",", "and", "it", "may", "also", "be", "exported", "from", "nuclei", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
6599
[ "We", "have", "introduced", "a", "small", "deletion", "within", "beta-catenin", "(", "Delta19", ")", "that", "disrupts", "binding", "to", "LEF-1", ",", "E-cadherin", ",", "and", "APC", "but", "not", "axin", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]
6600
[ "This", "Delta19", "beta-catenin", "mutant", "localizes", "to", "the", "nucleus", "because", "it", "may", "not", "be", "efficiently", "sequestered", "in", "the", "cytoplasm", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]