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6001
[ "In", "this", "syndrome", ",", "tumorigenesis", "classically", "initiates", "from", "an", "inherited", "mutation", "in", "one", "allele", "followed", "by", "somatic", "deletion", "of", "the", "normal", "allele", "." ]
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6002
[ "Sequencing", "of", "BRCA1", "amplified", "from", "genomic", "DNA", "of", "lymphocytes", "and", "microdissected", "ovarian", "tumor", "cells", "of", "a", "familial", "ovarian", "cancer", "patient", "revealed", "three", ",", "rare", "heterozygous", "DNA", "variations", "(", "2418delA", ",", "233G", "--", ">", "A", ",", "and", "IVS1-10T", "--", ">", "C", ")", "in", "both", "tumor", "and", "constitutional", "(", "lymphocyte", ")", "DNA", "." ]
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6003
[ "Thus", ",", "both", "copies", "of", "BRCA1", "were", "retained", "in", "tumor", "." ]
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6004
[ "Haplotype", "analysis", "of", "the", "patient", "and", "four", "siblings", "assigned", "2418delA", "to", "one", "copy", "of", "BRCA1", "and", "233G", "--", ">", "A", "and", "IVS1-10T", "--", ">", "C", "to", "the", "other", "." ]
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6005
[ "The", "DNA", "change", ",", "2418delA", ",", "is", "considered", "a", "mutation", "that", "inactivated", "one", "BRCA1", "allele", "because", "it", "caused", "a", "frameshift", "and", "generation", "of", "a", "premature", "stop", "codon", ",", "resulting", "in", "synthesis", "of", "a", "truncated", "peptide", "as", "evidenced", "by", "an", "in", "vitro", "protein", "truncation", "test", "." ]
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6006
[ "The", "DNA", "variation", ",", "233G", "--", ">", "A", ",", "does", "not", "result", "in", "an", "amino", "acid", "change", ",", "and", "is", "considered", "a", "benign", "polymorphism", "." ]
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6007
[ "IVS1-10T", "--", ">", "C", "is", "a", "unique", "BRCA1", "change", "that", "occurs", "in", "the", "last", "nucleotide", "of", "a", "consensus", "sequence", "for", "a", "branch", "site", "critical", "for", "RNA", "splicing", "." ]
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6008
[ "Therefore", ",", "we", "investigated", "whether", "IVS1-10T", "--", ">", "C", "deleteriously", "affected", "BRCA1", "splicing", "or", "expression", ",", "and", "thereby", "inactivated", "the", "other", "BRCA1", "allele", "." ]
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6009
[ "Using", "the", "technique", "of", "reverse", "transcription-polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "(", "PCR", ")", "with", "RNA", "isolated", "from", "lymphoid", "cell", "lines", "of", "the", "patient", "and", "of", "controls", ",", "no", "evidence", "was", "found", "that", "IVS1-10TC", "abnormally", "disrupted", "mRNA", "splicing", "or", "caused", "the", "absence", "of", "BRCA1", "mRNA", "." ]
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6010
[ "Thus", ",", "IVS1-10T", "--", ">", "C", "is", "not", "harmful", "to", "BRCA1", "function", ",", "and", "is", "classified", "a", "benign", "polymorphism", "." ]
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6011
[ "Retention", "of", "the", "normal", "BRCA1", "allele", "in", "the", "tumor", "with", "the", "heterozygous", "germline", "BRCA1", "mutation", ",", "2418delA", ",", "indicated", "that", "mutational", "inactivation", "of", "both", "BRCA1", "alleles", "was", "not", "required", "for", "tumorigenesis", "." ]
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6012
[ "It", "is", "possible", "that", "the", "normal", "allele", "may", "be", "functionally", "inactivated", "by", "a", "nonmutational", "mechanism", "." ]
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6013
[ "Myb-transformed", "hematopoietic", "cells", "as", "a", "model", "for", "monocyte", "differentiation", "into", "dendritic", "cells", "and", "macrophages", "." ]
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6014
[ "Immune", "induction", "is", "effected", "through", "the", "interaction", "of", "antigen-presenting", "cells", "with", "specific", "receptors", "on", "the", "surface", "of", "thymus-derived", "lymphocytes", "." ]
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6015
[ "Cells", "most", "able", "to", "ingest", ",", "process", ",", "and", "present", "antigen", "appear", "to", "be", "related", "to", "the", "mononuclear", "phagocyte/neutrophil", "series", "." ]
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6016
[ "For", "example", "dendritic", "cells", "(", "DC", ")", "can", "be", "found", "in", "colonies", "of", "GM-CSF-responsive", "bone", "marrow", "cells", ",", "and", "under", "experimental", "conditions", "are", "routinely", "expanded", "as", "a", "population", "in", "vitro", "from", "GM-CSF-responsive", "progenitor", "cells", "." ]
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6017
[ "To", "address", "the", "question", "of", "DC", "lineage", "and", "to", "determine", "what", "genes", "are", "involved", "in", "lineage", "commitment", ",", "we", "have", "generated", "a", "series", "of", "GM-CSF-responsive", "cell", "lines", "that", "can", "be", "induced", "to", "differentiate", "in", "a", "homogeneous", "manner", "in", "vitro", "." ]
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6018
[ "The", "cloned", "cell", "lines", "are", "derived", "from", "12-day", "fetal", "liver", "and", "are", "transformed", "with", "a", "truncated", "form", "of", "c-myb", ",", "which", "lacks", "the", "normal", "autoregulatory", "sequences", "." ]
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6019
[ "As", "far", "as", "we", "know", ",", "these", "myb-transformed", "hemopoi-etic", "cells", "(", "MTHC", ")", "differ", "from", "normal", "only", "in", "the", "unregulated", "expression", "of", "myb", ",", "a", "gene", "whose", "expression", "is", "obligatory", "for", "proliferation", "of", "hemopoietic", "cells", "." ]
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6020
[ "MTHC", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "TNF-alpha", "and", "IL-4", "will", "differentiate", "into", "cells", "that", "have", "many", "of", "the", "properties", "of", "macrophages", "." ]
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6021
[ "When", "the", "same", "MTHC", "lines", "are", "exposed", "to", "TNF-alpha", "in", "combination", "with", "IFN-gamma", ",", "the", "cells", "instead", "become", "DC", "." ]
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6022
[ "The", "differentiated", "DC", "are", "potent", "presenters", "of", "antigen", "in", "mixed", "lymphocyte", "reactions", "and", "of", "soluble", "antigen", "to", "specific", "T", "cell", "lines", "." ]
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6023
[ "Thus", ",", "cells", "with", "the", "properties", "of", "both", "macrophages", "and", "DC", "can", "be", "derived", "from", "a", "single", "type", "of", "GM-CSF-responsive", "progenitor", "cell", "." ]
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6024
[ "We", "have", "used", "this", "MTHC", "system", "to", "analyze", "differences", "in", "gene", "expression", "as", "the", "cells", "mature", "along", "the", "DC", "and", "macrophage", "pathways", "." ]
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6025
[ "A", "distinctive", "pattern", "of", "differentially", "expressed", "cDNAs", "is", "evident", "where", "macrophage-specific", "cDNAs", "are", "homologous", "to", "genes", "encoding", "cytoskeletal", "and", "cell-surface", "proteins", ",", "whereas", "the", "DC", "-specific", "cDNAs", "are", "homologous", "to", "signaling", ",", "chemokine", ",", "and", "IFN-gamma-inducible", "genes", "." ]
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6026
[ "We", "discuss", "the", "utility", "of", "MTHC", "in", "analyzing", "the", "relationships", "between", "DC", "and", "macrophages", ",", "and", "suggest", "that", "DC", "and", "macrophages", "represent", "extreme", "phenotypes", "in", "a", "spectrum", "of", "antigen", "handling", "cells", "that", "are", "somewhat", "interchangeable", ",", "depending", "on", "their", "immediate", "environment", "." ]
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6027
[ "The", "Legionella", "pneumophila", "rpoS", "gene", "is", "required", "for", "growth", "within", "Acanthamoeba", "castellanii", "." ]
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6028
[ "To", "investigate", "regulatory", "networks", "in", "Legionella", "pneumophila", ",", "the", "gene", "encoding", "the", "homolog", "of", "the", "Escherichia", "coli", "stress", "and", "stationary-phase", "sigma", "factor", "RpoS", "was", "identified", "by", "complementation", "of", "an", "E.", "coli", "rpoS", "mutation", "." ]
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6029
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6030
[ "Western", "blot", "analysis", "showed", "that", "the", "level", "of", "L.", "pneumophila", "RpoS", "increased", "in", "stationary", "phase", "." ]
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6031
[ "An", "insertion", "mutation", "was", "constructed", "in", "the", "rpoS", "gene", "on", "the", "chromosome", "of", "L.", "pneumophila", ",", "and", "the", "ability", "of", "this", "mutant", "strain", "to", "survive", "various", "stress", "conditions", "was", "assayed", "and", "compared", "with", "results", "for", "the", "wild-type", "strain", "." ]
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6032
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6033
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6034
[ "Although", "the", "mutant", "strain", "was", "able", "to", "kill", "HL-60-", "and", "THP-1-derived", "macrophages", ",", "it", "could", "not", "replicate", "within", "a", "protozoan", "host", ",", "Acanthamoeba", "castellanii", "." ]
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6035
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6036
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6037
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6038
[ "It", "is", "generally", "assumed", "that", "most", "mammalian", "genes", "are", "transcribed", "from", "both", "alleles", "." ]
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6039
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6040
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6041
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6042
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6043
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6044
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6045
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6046
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6048
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6049
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6050
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6051
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