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13001
[ "Copyright", "1998", "Academic", "Press", "." ]
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13002
[ "[", "Molecular", "mechanism", "of", "cytokine", "gene", "expression", "in", "Th1", "and", "Th2", "]" ]
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13003
[ "Upon", "activation", "by", "antigens", ",", "helper", "T", "cells", "differentiate", "into", "one", "of", "several", "subsets", ",", "characterized", "by", "their", "distinct", "cytokine", "-production", "patterns", "." ]
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13004
[ "Among", "these", "subsets", ",", "Th1", "cells", "are", "known", "to", "activate", "cellular", "immunity", "resulting", "in", "inflammatory", "response", ",", "whereas", "Th2", "cells", "induce", "humoral", "and", "allergic", "responses", "and", "suppress", "inflammation", "." ]
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13005
[ "Th1", "and", "Th2", "effector", "functions", "and", "their", "development", "are", "attributable", "to", "their", "distinct", "cytokine", "expression", "patterns", "." ]
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13006
[ "Recent", "reports", "have", "demonstrated", "that", "differential", "expression", "of", "cell", "surface", "molecules", ",", "such", "as", "adhesion", "molecule", "and", "chemokine", "receptor", ",", "is", "involved", "in", "their", "recruitment", "into", "target", "tissues", "." ]
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13007
[ "It", "is", ",", "therefore", ",", "suggested", "that", "clarification", "of", "the", "mechanisms", "of", "differential", "gene", "expression", "in", "Th1/Th2", "should", "lead", "to", "rational", "strategies", "for", "manipulating", "pathological", "immune", "responses", "." ]
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13008
[ "Activation", "of", "helper", "T", "cells", "mediated", "by", "the", "T", "cell", "receptor", "induces", "a", "series", "of", "biochemical", "events", "." ]
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13009
[ "Among", "them", ",", "both", "the", "activation", "of", "PKC/Ras-", "and", "CaM/CN-mediated", "pathways", "play", "a", "central", "role", "in", "the", "signal", "transduction", "of", "cytokine", "gene", "expression", "." ]
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13010
[ "Closer", "examination", "using", "non-transformed", "murine", "Th1", "and", "Th2", "clones", "suggested", "that", "a", "balance", "between", "the", "activities", "of", "the", "two", "signaling", "pathways", "contributes", "to", "cytokine", "gene", "expression", "." ]
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13011
[ "We", "propose", "that", "one", "of", "the", "targets", "of", "PGE2", ",", "whose", "effect", "distinguishes", "Th1", "from", "Th2", ",", "resides", "in", "the", "downstream", "PKC/Ras", "-mediated", "pathway", "." ]
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13012
[ "Signalling", "into", "the", "T-cell", "nucleus", ":", "NFAT", "regulation", "." ]
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13013
[ "The", "nuclear", "factor", "of", "activated", "T", "cells", "(", "NFAT", ")", "plays", "an", "important", "role", "in", "T-cell", "biology", "." ]
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13014
[ "Activation", "of", "T", "cells", "results", "in", "the", "rapid", "calcineurin", "-dependent", "translocation", "of", "NFAT", "transcription", "factors", "from", "the", "cytoplasm", "to", "the", "nucleus", "." ]
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13015
[ "This", "translocation", "process", "coupled", "to", "the", "subsequent", "active", "maintenance", "of", "NFAT", "in", "the", "nucleus", "compartment", "is", "critical", "for", "the", "induction", "of", "expression", "of", "several", "genes", "encoding", "cytokines", "and", "membrane", "proteins", "that", "modulate", "immune", "responses", "." ]
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13016
[ "The", "molecular", "cloning", "of", "the", "NFAT", "family", "of", "transcription", "factors", "has", "facilitated", "rapid", "progress", "in", "the", "understanding", "of", "the", "signalling", "mechanisms", "that", "control", "the", "activity", "of", "NFAT", "." ]
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13017
[ "Differential", "RNA", "display", "identifies", "novel", "genes", "associated", "with", "decreased", "vitamin", "D", "receptor", "expression", "." ]
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13018
[ "To", "characterize", "further", "the", "function", "of", "the", "intracellular", "vitamin", "D", "receptor", "(", "VDR", ")", ",", "we", "have", "developed", "stable", "transfectant", "variants", "of", "a", "vitamin", "D-responsive", "cell", "line", "(", "U937", ")", "which", "express", "either", "decreased", "or", "increased", "numbers", "of", "VDR", "." ]
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13019
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13020
[ "Initial", "experiments", "indicated", "that", "a", "50", "%", "decrease", "in", "VDR", "levels", "was", "associated", "with", "a", "2-fold", "increase", "in", "cell", "proliferation", "and", "a", "similar", "rise", "in", "c-myc", "mRNA", "expression", "." ]
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13021
[ "Further", "studies", "were", "carried", "out", "using", "differential", "RNA", "display", "(", "DD", ")", "." ]
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13022
[ "Sequence", "analysis", "of", "DD", "products", "revealed", "two", "cDNAs", "with", "identity", "to", "known", "gene", "products", ":", "the", "catalytic", "sub-unit", "of", "DNA-protein", "kinase", "(", "DNA-PK", "(", "CS", ")", ")", ",", "and", "the", "peroxisomal", "enzyme", "17beta-hydroxysteroid", "dehydrogenase", "type", "IV", "(", "17beta-HSD", "IV", ")", "." ]
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13023
[ "Northern", "analysis", "confirmed", "that", "expression", "of", "both", "mRNAs", "was", "reduced", "in", "cells", "with", "decreased", "numbers", "of", "VDR", "." ]
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13024
[ "Down-regulation", "of", "17beta-HSD", "IV", "mRNA", "expression", "was", "associated", "with", "enhanced", "estradiol", "inactivation", "by", "U937", "cells", ",", "suggesting", "a", "link", "between", "estrogenic", "pathways", "and", "cell", "proliferation", "." ]
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13025
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13026
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13027
[ "Prostaglandin", "E2", "Up-regulates", "HIV-1", "long", "terminal", "repeat", "-driven", "gene", "activity", "in", "T", "cells", "via", "NF-kappaB-dependent", "and", "-independent", "signaling", "pathways", "." ]
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13028
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13029
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13030
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13031
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13032
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13033
[ "Experiments", "conducted", "with", "different", "HIV-1", "LTR-based", "vectors", "suggested", "that", "PGE2-mediated", "activation", "effect", "on", "HIV-1", "transcription", "was", "transduced", "via", "both", "NF-kappaB-dependent", "and", "-independent", "signaling", "pathways", "." ]
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13034
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13035
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13036
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13037
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13038
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13039
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13040
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13041
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13042
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13043
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13044
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13045
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13046
[ "Low", "CD3+CD28-induced", "interleukin-2", "production", "correlates", "with", "decreased", "reactive", "oxygen", "intermediate", "formation", "in", "neonatal", "T", "cells", "." ]
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13047
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13048
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13049
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13050
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13065
[ "But", "many", "puzzles", "of", "the", "drugs", "remain", "." ]
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13066
[ "What", "is", "the", "role", "of", "CyA", "in", "the", "activation", "of", "transforming", "growth", "factor-beta", "(", "TGF-beta", ")", ",", "particularly", "in", "relationship", "to", "nephrotoxicity", "and", "fibrogenesis", "?" ]
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13068
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13076
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13077
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13078
[ "Interleukin", "2", "and", "15", "activate", "Stat3alpha", "in", "human", "T", "lymphocytes", "." ]
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13079
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13080
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13082
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13085
[ "Copyright", "1998", "Academic", "Press", "." ]
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13086
[ "Transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "lysosomal", "acid", "lipase", "in", "differentiating", "monocytes", "is", "mediated", "by", "transcription", "factors", "Sp1", "and", "AP-2", "." ]
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13089
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13090
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13091
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