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ูˆุฅุฎูŠุฑุงู‹ุŒ ุจุงู„ุทู‘ุจุน ุณุฃุชุญุฏู‘ุซ ุนู† ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
is how to reach that intermediate step, that point of maybe 30 years life extension.
ุชู…ุฏูŠุฏ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุซู‘ู„ุงุซูŠู† ุนุงู…ุงู‹.
So I'm going to start with why we should.
ุณุฃุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุขู†... ุจู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุชุฌู†ู‘ุจ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ุŸ ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุณุฃู„ ุณุคุงู„ุงู‹...
Now, I want to ask a question.
ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดุฎุต ู‡ู†ุง ูŠูˆุฏู‘ ุฃู† ูŠุตุงุจ ุจู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุงุŸ
Hands up: anyone in the audience who is in favor of malaria?
ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ูˆุงุถุญ... ุญุณู†ุงู‹
That was easy. OK.
ุณุคุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ... ู‡ู„ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฃุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุฃูƒู‘ุฏ ู…ู† ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุง ุดูŠุกูŒ ุณูŠุก ุฃู… ู„ุงุŸ
OK. Hands up: anyone in the audience who's not sure whether malaria is a good thing or a bad thing?
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ ุฅุฐุงู‘ุŒ ุงู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชูู‚ูŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุง ุดูŠุก ุณูŠู‘ุก!
OK. So we all think malaria is a bad thing.
ุฌูŠุฏูŒ ุฌุฏุงูุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃุฑุฌูˆู‡!
That's very good news, because I thought that was what the answer would be.
ูˆุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู…ุง ุฃูˆุฏู‘ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ... ุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง ู†ุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุง ุณูŠุฆุฉุŒ ู„ุณุจุจ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ูˆู‡ูˆ.. ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ู‚ุงุชู„ุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ุดู‘ูŠุฎูˆุฎุฉ...
Now the thing is, I would like to put it to you that the main reason why we think that malaria is a bad thing is because of a characteristic of malaria that it shares with aging.
ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง...
And here is that characteristic.
ุชู‚ุชู„ ุนุฏุฏุงู‹ ุฃู‚ู„ู‹ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุชู‚ุชู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุดู‘ูŠุฎูˆุฎุฉ!
The only real difference is that aging kills considerably more people than malaria does.
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุชุญุฏู‘ุซ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุฃุญุจู‘ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ุงุฑู† ุงู„ู‡ุฑู… ุจุตูŠุฏ ุงู„ุซู‘ุนุงู„ุจ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชู…ู‘ ู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ุจุนุฏ ุนู†ุงุก ุทูˆูŠู„... ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู†ุฐ ูุชุฑุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุจุงู„ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ...
Now, I like in an audience, in Britain especially, to talk about the comparison with foxhunting, which is something that was banned after a long struggle, by the government not very many months ago.
ูˆุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‘ูŠ ุฃุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‘ ู…ุนูŠ ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑุงู‹ ู…ุชุนุงุทูุงู‹ ู‡ู†ุง... ูˆู„ูˆ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู„ุง ูŠูƒุชุฑุซูˆู† ูƒุซูŠุฑุงู‹ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚
I mean, I know I'm with a sympathetic audience here, but, as we know, a lot of people are not entirely persuaded by this logic.
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉุŒ ุชุจุฏูˆ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู‘
And this is actually a rather good comparison, it seems to me.
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„: " ุชุนุฑููˆู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ูุฑุถ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ูู„ู‘ุงุญูˆู† ูุนู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ูุฑุงุบู†ุง!"
You know, a lot of people said, "Well, you know, city boys have no business telling us rural types what to do with our time.
"ู‡ุฐุง ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏ ุงุนุชุฏู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡"
It's a traditional part of the way of life, and we should be allowed to carry on doing it.
"ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ูุนู„ูŒ ู„ุง ูŠุถุฑู‘ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุญุฏู‘ ู…ู† ุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุงู„ุซุนุงู„ุจ ุจุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ"
It's ecologically sound; it stops the population explosion of foxes."
ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ ุงุณุชุทุงุนุช ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ูุฑุถ ู…ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ ุบุงู„ุจูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดู‘ุนุจ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ุŒ ุบุงู„ุจูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู„ู…ุงู† ุงุชูู‚ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุชุญุถู‘ุฑ
But ultimately, the government prevailed in the end, because the majority of the British public, and certainly the majority of members of Parliament, came to the conclusion that it was really something that should not be tolerated in a civilized society.
ูˆุฃุธู†ู‘ ุฃู†ู‘ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู‡ุฑู… ูŠุดุชุฑูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุน ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุตู‘ูุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑุฉ .
And I think that human aging shares all of these characteristics in spades.
ุฃู„ูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุถุญุงู‹
What part of this do people not understand?
ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‹ู‚ ูู‚ุท ุจุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ... ุจู„ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุตุญูŠู‘ุฉ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ู† ู…ู†ู‘ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ูŠุตุจุญ ุถุนูŠูุงู‹ุŒ ุชุนูŠุณุงู‹ ูˆู…ุนุชู…ุฏุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ุญุชู‘ู‰ ูˆู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฑุฌู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุช ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹
It's not just about life, of course -- -- it's about healthy life, you know -- getting frail and miserable and dependent is no fun, whether or not dying may be fun.
ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุฃูˆุฏู‘ ุฃู† ุฃุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ
So really, this is how I would like to describe it.
ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ููŠ ุบูู„ุฉ ุนู†ู‡
It's a global trance.
ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฏ ู„ุง ุญุตุฑ ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฌุฌ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุจุฑู‘ุฑ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎูˆุฎุฉ.
These are the sorts of unbelievable excuses that people give for aging.
ูˆู„ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง... ุฃู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฌุฌ ุจุงู„ูŠุฉ
And, I mean, OK, I'm not actually saying that these excuses are completely valueless.
ุจู„ ุฑุจู‘ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุฌูŠู‘ุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูŠ ุฑุจู‘ู…ุง ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู†ู‘ ู†ุฎุทู‘ุท ู„ู‡ุง... ุญุชู‘ู‰ ู„ุง ุชุฌุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ... ุฃูˆ ู„ู†ุฎูู ู…ู†... ุงู„ุถุฌู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณู†ุชุณุจู‘ุจ ุจู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุญู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎูˆุฎุฉ.
There are some good points to be made here, things that we ought to be thinking about, forward planning so that nothing goes too -- well, so that we minimize the turbulence when we actually figure out how to fix aging.
ู‡ุฐุง ุฌู†ูˆู† ุจุงู„ูุนู„... ุฃู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุถุญุฉุŸ
But these are completely crazy, when you actually remember your sense of proportion.
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฌุฌ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุถุนู‡ุง... ู‚ุฏ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุงู„ุชูุงุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง...
You know, these are arguments; these are things that would be legitimate to be concerned about.
ุฅู„ู‘ุง ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ ุจู…ูƒุงู†... ุญุชู‘ู‰ ุชุทุบู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…... ูˆุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุนู† ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ู†ุง... ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุชู‘ู‚ุฏู‘ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ
But the question is, are they so dangerous -- these risks of doing something about aging -- that they outweigh the downside of doing the opposite, namely, leaving aging as it is?
ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฌุฌ ุจุงู„ูุนู„... ุชุจุฑู‘ุฑ ู…ูˆุช ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุฃู„ู ุดุฎุต ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงู‹ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุดู‘ูŠุฎูˆุฎุฉ
Are these so bad that they outweigh condemning 100,000 people a day to an unnecessarily early death?
ุจุงู„ุชู‘ุงู„ูŠ ุฅู† ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุญุฌู‘ุชูƒ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‘ุฉ.. ูู„ุง ุฏุงุนูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุชุถูŠุน ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‘ู‚ุงุด...
You know, if you haven't got an argument that's that strong, then just don't waste my time, is what I say.
ุฅู„ู‘ุง ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุญุฌู‘ุฉ... ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง... ู‚ูˆูŠู‘ุฉ...
Now, there is one argument that some people do think really is that strong, and here it is.
ุงู„ุฅู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู‘ูƒุงู†ูŠ...ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†ุŒ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงู„ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุฏู…ู†ุง ุญู„ุงู‹ ู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎูˆุฎุฉุŒ ูู„ู† ูŠู…ูˆุช ุฃุญุฏุŒ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ุŒ ูุฅู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชู‘ู‚ุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุŒ ูˆุฅู†ู‘ู…ุง ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฏุซ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„... ุฃูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู„ู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู†ุฌุจ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ
People worry about overpopulation; they say, "Well, if we fix aging, no one's going to die to speak of, or at least the death toll is going to be much lower, And therefore, we're not going to be able to have many kids, and kids are really important to most people."
ูˆุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู‡ู…ู‘ูˆู† ู„ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุณ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ...
And that's true.
ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุณ ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณู‘ุคุงู„ุŒ ูˆุฅุนุทุงุก ุชุจุฑูŠุฑุงุช ูƒู‡ุฐู‡ .
And you know, a lot of people try to fudge this question, and give answers like this.
ู„ุณุช ุฃูˆุงูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‘ุจุฑูŠุฑุงุช...
I don't agree with those answers. I think they basically don't work.
ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ูุนู„.
I think it's true, that we will face a dilemma in this respect.
ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฎุชุงุฑ ุจูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู†ุฌุงุจ ุฃู‚ู„ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ุณุจุฉ ูˆููŠู‘ุงุช ุฃุนู„ู‰...
We will have to decide whether to have a low birth rate, or a high death rate.
ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ูˆููŠู‘ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุญุชู…ูŠู‘ุฉ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู„ุฑูุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‘ุงุช ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌูŠู‘ุฉุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ู†ูˆุงุตู„ ุฅู†ุฌุงุจ ุฃุทูุงู„ู ุฃูƒุซุฑ.
A high death rate will, of course, arise from simply rejecting these therapies, in favor of carrying on having a lot of kids.
ูˆุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู†ู‘ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌูŠู‘ุฏุงู‹ ูุนู„ุงู‹. ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุญู‚ู‘ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ...
And, I say that that's fine -- the future of humanity is entitled to make that choice.
ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„ุงู‹ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ู†ุญู† ุจุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ุนู†ู‡ู….
What's not fine is for us to make that choice on behalf of the future.
ุฅุฐุง ุชุฑุฏู‘ุฏู†ุงุŒ ูˆู„ู… ู†ุทูˆู‘ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‘ุงุชุŒ ูู†ุญู† ู†ุญุฑู… ุนุฏุฏุงู‹ ูƒุจูŠุฑุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุณุŒ ุงู„ุฐู‘ูŠู† ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ููŠ ุตุญู‘ุฉ ูˆุดุจุงุจ... ู…ู…ุง ูŠุฌุนู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠุณุชููŠุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‘ุงุชุŒ ูˆู„ู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุญูŠุซ ู„ู… ู†ุณุนู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‘ู‚ู†ูŠู‘ุงุช ุจุงู„ุณู‘ุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุณู†ุญุฑู… ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุณ ุนู…ุฑุงู‹ ู…ุฏูŠุฏุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุชุจุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู…ู„ุงู‹ ู„ุง ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุงู‹.
If we vacillate, hesitate, and do not actually develop these therapies, then we are condemning a whole cohort of people -- who would have been young enough and healthy enough to benefit from those therapies, but will not be, because we haven't developed them as quickly as we could -- we'll be denying those people an indefinite life span, and I consider that that is immoral.
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฅุฌุงุจุชูŠ ู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุณูƒู‘ุงู†ูŠ.
That's my answer to the overpopulation question.
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชู‘ุงู„ูŠ ุฃู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ู†ุดุท ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ
Right. So the next thing is, now why should we get a little bit more active on this?
ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ... ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุจุงู„ุบุจุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุจุฏูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡...
And the fundamental answer is that the pro-aging trance is not as dumb as it looks.
ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠู‘ุฉ ู„ู„ุชู‘ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชู‘ู‚ุฏู‘ู… ุจุงู„ุนู…ุฑุŒ
It's actually a sensible way of coping with the inevitability of aging.
ุฅู†ู‘ ุงู„ุชู‘ู‚ุฏู‘ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุดูŠุก ู…ุฑูˆู‘ุนุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุดูŠุก ู„ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุชูุงุฏูŠู‡ ุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุฌุฏ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุฅุฑุงุญุฉ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชู‘ุงู„ูŠุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฑุบุจ ููŠ ูุนู„ ุดุฆ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ.
Aging is ghastly, but it's inevitable, so, you know, we've got to find some way to put it out of our minds, and it's rational to do anything that we might want to do, to do that.
ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุฎุชุฑุงุน ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ูˆุงู‡ูŠุฉ... ุงู„ู‘ุชูŠ ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุชู‘ู‚ุฏู‘ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุณู‘ู† ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฌูŠู‘ุฏุงู‹
Like, for example, making up these ridiculous reasons why aging is actually a good thing after all.
ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู†...
But of course, that only works when we have both of these components.
ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‘ู‚ ุจุนุฏู… ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠู‘ุฉ ุชูุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…... ู„ู… ูŠุนุฏ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุงู‹ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹... ุจุงู„ุชู‘ุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุตุจุญ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฌู„ ู„ูุนู„ ุดูŠุก ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุต... ูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠุตุจุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ...
And as soon as the inevitability bit becomes a little bit unclear -- and we might be in range of doing something about aging -- this becomes part of the problem.
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบููˆุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู‘ู… ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠู…ู†ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู‘ูˆุชู‘ุฑ.
This pro-aging trance is what stops us from agitating about these things.
ู„ุฐุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุชู‘ุญุฏู‘ุซ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹... ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ุงู„ุชู‘ุจุดูŠุฑ ุจู‡... ู„ู†ู†ุจู‘ู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุณ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู†ุฌุนู„ู‡ู… ูŠู„ุงุญุธูˆู†ุŒ ุบูู„ุชู‡ู… ุนู†ู‡.
And that's why we have to really talk about this a lot -- evangelize, I will go so far as to say, quite a lot -- in order to get people's attention, and make people realize that they are in a trance in this regard.
ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุณุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตู‘ุฏุฏ
So that's all I'm going to say about that.
ุณุฃุชูƒู„ู‘ู… ุงู„ุขู† ุนู† ู‚ุงุจู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐ
I'm now going to talk about feasibility.
ูˆุงู„ุดู‘ูŠุก ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุฃุธู†ุŒ ู„ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู‡ุฑู… ุดูŠุก ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุฌู†ู‘ุจู‡... ูŠุชู„ุฎุต ููŠ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู‡ุฑู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡...
And the fundamental reason, I think, why we feel that aging is inevitable is summed up in a definition of aging that I'm giving here.
ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ...
A very simple definition.
ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุญุชู…ูŠู‘ุฉ... ู„ู„ุญูŠุงุฉ... ุฃูŠ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุญุชู…ูŠู‘ุฉ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…...
Aging is a side effect of being alive in the first place, which is to say, metabolism.
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูู‚ุท... ู‡ูŠ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠุฉ...
This is not a completely tautological statement; it's a reasonable statement.
ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ุดูŠุก ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู„ุฌู…ุงุฏุงุช ูƒุงู„ุณู‘ูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู‘ุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู† ุฃุฌุณุงุฏู†ุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฐูƒูŠู‘ุฉ... ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุงุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงุตู„ุงุญ ู†ูุณู‡ุง... ุฅู„ู‘ุงุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู„ูŠุงุช ู„ูŠุณุช ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹...
Aging is basically a process that happens to inanimate objects like cars, and it also happens to us, despite the fact that we have a lot of clever self-repair mechanisms, because those self-repair mechanisms are not perfect.
ูุนู…ู„ูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูŠุถ ... ุฃูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจู‚ูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ... ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู‘ุฉ...
So basically, metabolism, which is defined as basically everything that keeps us alive from one day to the next, has side effects.
ู…ุฎู„ู‘ูู‘ุงุชุŒ ุชุชุฑุงูƒู… ู„ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ.
Those side effects accumulate and eventually cause pathology.
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชู‘ุนุฑูŠูุŒ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„... ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุงุซ.. ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฏุฑุณุชูŠู† ู„ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุญุชู‘ู‰ ุงู„ุขู†...
That's a fine definition. So we can put it this way: we can say that, you know, we have this chain of events.
ู„ุชุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…...
according to most people, with regard to postponing aging.
ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุดู‘ูŠุฎูˆุฎุฉุŒ ูˆุทุจู‘ ุงู„ุดู‘ูŠุฎูˆุฎุฉ...
They're what I'm calling here the "gerontology approach" and the "geriatrics approach."
ุงู„ุทู‘ุจ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุชุฏุฎู‘ู„ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุชุฃุฎู‘ุฑุฉ... ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ูˆุงุถุญุงู‹... ูˆูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู† ูŠู†ู‚ุฐ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐู‡.. ูˆุงู„ุชุฎููŠู ู…ู† ุญุฏู‘ุฉ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุชุฑุงูƒู… "ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ู‘ูุงุช"... ูˆุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ... ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูˆุงู†ู‡...
The geriatrician will intervene late in the day, when pathology is becoming evident, and the geriatrician will try and hold back the sands of time, and stop the accumulation of side effects from causing the pathology quite so soon.
ุจุงู„ุทุจุน... ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰... ูˆุฎุงุณุฑุฉ.. ู„ุฃู† ู…ุง ูŠุคุฏู‘ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจุงู„ูุนู„... ูŠุฒุฏุงุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฒู…ู†...
Of course, it's a very short-term-ist strategy; it's a losing battle, because the things that are causing the pathology are becoming more abundant as time goes on.
ุฃู…ู‘ุง ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุดู‘ูŠุฎูˆุฎุฉุŒ ููŠุจุฏูˆ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ูŠุนุฏ ุจุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุฃูุถู„... ููƒู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ..
The gerontology approach looks much more promising on the surface, because, you know, prevention is better than cure.
ู„ูƒู† ู„ู„ุฃุณูุŒ ูู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ูู‡ู… ุนู…ู„ูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูŠุถ ุฌูŠู‘ุฏุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขู†...
But unfortunately the thing is that we don't understand metabolism very well.
ูˆู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ูู‡ู… ุจุณูŠุท ู†ุณุจูŠุงู‹ ู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠู‘ุฉ... ุญุชู‘ู‰ ูู‡ู…ู†ุง ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง... ู…ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุงู‹
In fact, we have a pitifully poor understanding of how organisms work -- even cells we're not really too good on yet.
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ุง... ู…ู†ุฐ ุจุถุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช ูู‚ุท...ูƒุงู„ุชุฏุฎู‘ู„ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ูู‡ู… ุขู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง...
We've discovered things like, for example, RNA interference only a few years ago, and this is a really fundamental component of how cells work.
ุจุจุณุงุทุฉุŒ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุดู‘ูŠุฎูˆุฎุฉ ู…ุฏุฎู„ ุฌูŠู‘ุฏ... ุฅู„ู‘ุง ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุซุจุช ู…ุน ุงู„ุฒู‘ู…ู†... ู†ุญู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู‘ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุชู‘ุฏุฎู‘ู„...
Basically, gerontology is a fine approach in the end, but it is not an approach whose time has come when we're talking about intervention.
ุจุงู„ุชู‘ุงู„ูŠุŒ ู…ุง ุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠ ู†ูุนู„ู‡ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุต...
So then, what do we do about that?
ุฃุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง... ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠุงู‹...ูˆูŠุจุฏูˆ ู…ู‚ู†ุนุงู‹... ู…ู†ุทู‚ ู…ุญูƒู… ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹... ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
I mean, that's a fine logic, that sounds pretty convincing, pretty ironclad, doesn't it?
ุฅู„ู‘ุง ุฃู†ู‘ ุฐู„ูƒ ุบูŠุฑ ุตุญูŠุญ...
But it isn't.
ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง... ุณุฃู†ุชู‚ู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูˆู‘ู„ุงู‹... ู„ู…ุง ุฃุณู…ู‘ูŠู‡... ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุซู‘ุงู†ูŠุฉ...
Before I tell you why it isn't, I'm going to go a little bit into what I'm calling step two.
ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง ุชูˆุตู‘ู„ู†ุง ูุนู„ุงู‹... ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุบุงูŠุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‘ู‚ุงุด... ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ู‘ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุขู†... ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุญ 30 ุนุงู…ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตู‘ุญู‘ุฉ... ู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ..
Just suppose, as I said, that we do acquire -- let's say we do it today for the sake of argument -- the ability to confer 30 extra years of healthy life on people who are already in middle age, let's say 55.
ุณุฃุณู…ู‘ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ "ุนู…ู„ูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‘ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดู‘ุจุงุจ"
I'm going to call that "robust human rejuvenation." OK.
ู…ุงุฐุง ุณูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ... ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุชู‰ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุณ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…... ููŠ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ู„ู†ู‚ู„ุŒ ููŠ ุฃุนู…ุงุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุน ูˆุตูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‘ู‚ู†ูŠู‘ุงุช... ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุชู‰ ุณูŠุนูŠุด ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุณ ุจุงู„ูุนู„...
What would that actually mean for how long people of various ages today -- or equivalently, of various ages at the time that these therapies arrive -- would actually live?
ู‚ุฏ ุชุนุชุจุฑูˆู† ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณู‘ุคุงู„ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ... ู„ูƒู†ู‘ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุจุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจุณุงุทุฉ
In order to answer that question -- you might think it's simple, but it's not simple.
ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„... ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ู‘ุง ูุนู„ุงู‹ ููŠ ุนู…ุฑ ูŠุชูŠุญ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุงุณุชูุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‘ู‚ู†ูŠู‘ุงุช ุงู„ุทู‘ุจูŠู‘ุฉ... ูุณูŠุฒุฏุงุฏ ู…ุชูˆุณู‘ุท ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง 30 ุนุงู…ุงู‹..
We can't just say, "Well, if they're young enough to benefit from these therapies, then they'll live 30 years longer."
ู‡ุฐุง ุฌูˆุงุจ ุฎุงุทุฆ...
That's the wrong answer.
ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‘ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‘ุทูˆู‘ุฑ...
And the reason it's the wrong answer is because of progress.
ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู‘ุทูˆู‘ุฑ ุงู„ุชู‘ู‚ู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูุนู„ุงู‹... ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุงูŠุฉ..
There are two sorts of technological progress really, for this purpose.
ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุชุทูˆู‘ุฑุงุช ุฌูˆู‡ุฑูŠู‘ุฉ... ูˆู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุณูŠู†ุงุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง...
There are fundamental, major breakthroughs, and there are incremental refinements of those breakthroughs.
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‘ู‚ู†ูŠู‘ุงุช ุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ... ููŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชูˆู‚ู‘ุนู‡ุง...
Now, they differ a great deal in terms of the predictability of time frames.
ูุงู„ุชู‘ุทูˆู‘ุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ุฑูŠู‘ุฉ... ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุชู‘ู†ุจุค... ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠู‘ุฉ ูˆุฒู…ู† ุญุฏูˆุซู‡ุง...
Fundamental breakthroughs: very hard to predict how long it's going to take to make a fundamental breakthrough.
ูู…ู†ุฐ ุฒู…ู† ุจุนูŠุฏ ุฌุฏู‘ุงู‹ ูƒู†ู‘ุง ู†ุญู„ู… ุจุงู„ุทู‘ูŠุฑุงู† ูˆู„ู… ู†ุชู…ูƒู‘ู† ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุชู‘ู‰ ุนุงู… 1903
It was a very long time ago that we decided that flying would be fun, and it took us until 1903 to actually work out how to do it.
ุฅู„ู‘ุง ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุตุจุญุช ุงู„ุชุทูˆู‘ุฑุงุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑุงู‹ ูˆุงู†ุชุธุงู…ุงู‹
But after that, things were pretty steady and pretty uniform.
ุจุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏูŠ... ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุทูˆู‘ุฑ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ .. ููŠ ุชุทูˆู‘ุฑ ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ุทู‘ูŠุฑุงู†...
I think this is a reasonable sequence of events that happened in the progression of the technology of powered flight.
ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ูุนู„ุงู‹... ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุชุทูˆู‘ุฑ... ูŠุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุฎูŠุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุฑุน ุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠ ุณุจู‚ู‡...
We can think, really, that each one is sort of beyond the imagination of the inventor of the previous one, if you like.
ุงู„ุชู‘ุทูˆู‘ุฑ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌูŠ ุฃูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰... ุชุทูˆู‘ุฑ ุถุฎู…...
The incremental advances have added up to something which is not incremental anymore.
ู†ุฑุงู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชูˆุตู‘ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุทูˆู‘ุฑ ุฌูˆู‡ุฑูŠ...
This is the sort of thing you see after a fundamental breakthrough.
ูˆู†ุฑู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง...
And you see it in all sorts of technologies.
ููŠ ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑุŒ ู†ุฑู‰ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุงู‹... ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุฒู…ู† ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹...
Computers: you can look at a more or less parallel time line, happening of course a bit later.
ุฃู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฑู‘ุนุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู‘ุญูŠู‘ุฉ. ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู‘ุนู‚ูŠู…ุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‘ู‚ุงุญุงุชุŒ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠู‘ุฉ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ูุชุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจุฉ
You can look at medical care. I mean, hygiene, vaccines, antibiotics -- you know, the same sort of time frame.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู…ุง ุฃุณู…ูŠุชู‡ ู…ู†ุฐ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุจุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชู‘ุงู„ูŠู‘ุฉ... ู„ูŠุณุช "ุฎุทูˆุฉ"...
So I think that actually step two, that I called a step a moment ago, isn't a step at all.
ุฅู†ู‘ู…ุง ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠู† ุณูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ููŠ ุนู…ุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจ... ู„ู„ุฅุณุชูุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‘ุงุช ุงู„ุทู‘ุจูŠู‘ุฉ... ูˆุงู„ู‘ุชูŠ ุชุนุทูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุทุงู„ุฉ "ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠู‘ุฉ" ู„ู„ุนู…ุฑ... ุญุชู‘ู‰ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠู† ุณูŠุณุชููŠุฏูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ... ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุณูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุทู‘ู„ูŠุนุฉ...
That in fact, the people who are young enough to benefit from these first therapies that give this moderate amount of life extension, even though those people are already middle-aged when the therapies arrive, will be at some sort of cusp.
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุงู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุงุณุชูุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุทูˆู‘ุฑ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‘ ุงู„ู„ู‘ุงุญู‚... ูˆุงู„ู‘ุฐูŠ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… 30 ุฅู„ู‰ 50 ุณู†ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰...
They will mostly survive long enough to receive improved treatments that will give them a further 30 or maybe 50 years.
ุฃูŠ ุณูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ... ู„ูŠู„ุญู‚ูˆุง ุจุงู„ุชุทูˆู‘ุฑ
In other words, they will be staying ahead of the game.
ููŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‘ุงุช... ุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‘ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‘ุงุช ุชุญู„ู‘ ุจุงู„ุชู‘ุฏุฑูŠุฌ...
The therapies will be improving faster than the remaining imperfections in the therapies are catching up with us.