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ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุงู†ุฌุฐุจูˆุง ู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ูˆุณูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญ ูŠู…ูŠู„ูˆู† ู„ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฃู†ุงุณ ุฃุฐูƒูŠุงุก.
The type of people who were drawn to writing an encyclopedia for fun tend to be pretty smart people.
ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ูˆุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุงุช: ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชูŠุญ ู„ู†ุง-- ุชุชูŠุญ ู„ู†ุงุŒ ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน-- ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ูˆู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„.
The tools and the software: there's lots of tools that allow us -- allow us, meaning the community -- to self-monitor and to monitor all the work.
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ุตูุญุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุญูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู…ุณุทุญุฉุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุทุฑุฃุช.
This is an example of a page history on "flat Earth," and you can see some changes that were made.
ุงู„ุดุฆ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตุญูุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุฅู„ู‚ุงุก ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุชู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ุฃูˆู‡ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ูู‡ู…ุช ุงู„ุขู†.
What's nice about this page is you can immediately take a look at this and see, "OK, I understand now."
ุญูŠู†ู…ุง ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ูˆูŠู†ุธุฑ ุนู„ู‰ -- ูŠุฑู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดุฎุต ู…ุงุŒ ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ุŒ ู‚ุงู… ุจุชุญุฑูŠุฑ ุตูุญุชูŠ--
When somebody goes and looks at -- they see that someone, an anonymous IP number, made an edit to my page.
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู…ุซูŠุฑุงู‹ ู„ู„ุดูƒ-- ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุตุŸ ูŠู†ุธุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดุฎุต ู…ุงุŒ ุจู…ุณุชุทุงุนู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุชุธู„ู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุญุตู„ุชุŒ ู„ุชุฑู‰ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุชู… ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡ุงุŒ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„.
That sounds suspicious. Who is this person? Somebody looks at it -- they can immediately see highlighted in red all of the changes that took place -- to see, OK, well, these words have changed, things like this.
ุชู„ูƒ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุฃูŠ ุตูุญุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
So that's one tool that we can use to very quickly monitor the history of a page.
ุดุฆ ุขุฎุฑ ู†ูุนู„ู‡ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุชุฑูƒ ูƒู„ ุดุฆ ู…ูุชูˆุญ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
Another thing that we do within the community is we leave everything very open-ended.
ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ูˆุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุชุชุฑูƒ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ
Most of the social rules and the methods of work are left completely open-ended in the software.
ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุญุงุช ุงู„ูˆูŠูƒูŠ.
All of that stuff is just on Wiki pages.
ูˆู„ุฐุง ูู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุดุฆ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุงุช ุชุฌุจุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†.
And so there's nothing in the software that enforces the rules.
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุฏูˆุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุช ู„ุญุฐู ุตูุญุฉ.
The example I've got up here is the Votes for Deletion page.
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฐูƒุฑุช ุจุงูƒุฑุงู‹ุŒ ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุทุจุงุนุฉ ู…ุง ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ ู…ุนู†ู‰-- ู…ู…ุง ูŠุชูˆุฌุจ ุญุฐูู‡. ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุงุก ุจุญุฐูู‡ุง ูู‚ุท.
So, I mentioned earlier, people type "ASDFASDF" -- it needs to be deleted. Cases like that, the administrators just delete it.
ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุณุจุจ ู„ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ ุฌุฏู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
There's no reason to have a big argument about it.
ู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุญูŠุซ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฌูŠุฏ ุจู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูˆุนุฉุŸ
But you can imagine there's a lot of other areas where the question is, is this notable enough to go in an encyclopedia?
ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุฎุฏุงุนุŸ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠุŸ
Is the information verifiable? Is it a hoax? Is it true? Is it what?
ู„ุฐุง ูู‚ุฏ ุฃุญุชุฌู†ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง.
So we needed a social method for figuring out the answer to this.
ูˆู„ุฐุง ูู‚ุฏ ู†ุดุฃุช ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุถูˆูŠุงู‹ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุช ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุญุฐู ุตูุญุฉ.
And so the method that arose organically within the community is the Votes For Deletion page.
ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุงู‹ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู„ู…ุŒ "ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุงุช ู…ุชุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ" ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุขูˆู„ุŒ " ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู„ู…. ู„ู‚ุฏ ูุดู„ ููŠ ุฅุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู‚ูˆู‚ู„ ูุดู„ุงู‹ ุฐุฑูŠุนุงู‹."
And in the particular example we have here, it's a film, "Twisted Issues," and the first person says, "Now this is supposedly a film. It fails the Google test miserably."
ุฅุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู‚ูˆู‚ู„ ู‡ูˆุŒ ุชู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆู‚ู„ ูˆุชุฑู‰ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงู‹ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ู‚ูˆู‚ู„ุŒ ูู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ.
The Google test is you look in Google and see if it's there, because if something's not even in Google, it probably doesn't exist at all.
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุฐู‡ุจูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุจุญุซ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน.
It's not a perfect rule, but it's a nice starting point for quick research.
ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุดุฎุต ู…ุงุŒ " ุงุญุฐูู‡ุŒ ุฑุฌุงุกู‹. ุงุญุฐูู‡-- ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุงู‹."
So somebody says, "Delete it, please. Delete it -- it's not notable."
ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุดุฎุต ู…ุงุŒ " ุงู†ุชุธุฑ ุงู†ุชุธุฑุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ูˆุฌุฏุชู‡. ูˆุฌุฏุชู‡ ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจุŒ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ููŠู„ู… ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ : ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุบู…ูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุชู‡ุง." ุฃูˆู‡ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹. ุซู… ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ " ุงุญุฐูู‡"
And then somebody says, "Wait, I found it. I found it in a book, 'Film Threat Video Guide: the 20 Underground Films You Must See.'" So the next persons says, "Clean it up."
ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑุŒ " ู„ู‚ุฏ ูˆุฌุฏุชู‡ ููŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู…. ุงุชุฑูƒู‡ุŒ ุงุชุฑูƒู‡ุŒ ุงุชุฑูƒู‡."
Somebody says, "I've found it on IMDB. Keep, keep, keep."
ูˆุงู„ุดุฆ ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ-- ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุชุงุช ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฅู„ุง ู†ุตูˆุต ูƒุชุจุช ููŠ ุตูุญุฉ
And what's interesting about this is that the software is -- these votes are just text typed into a page.
ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุชุตูˆูŠุชุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุงุด.
This is not really a vote so much as it is a dialogue.
ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ุฏูŠุฑ ุฃู† ูŠูˆุงุตู„ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆูŠู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุตูˆุงุช 18 ุญุฐูุŒ ุฃุซู†ูŠู† ุฅุจู‚ุงุกุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุญุฐูู‡.
Now it is true that at the end of the day, an administrator can go through here and take a look at this and say, "OK, 18 deletes, two keeps: we'll delete it."
ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุตูˆุงุช 18 ุญุฐู ูˆุฃุซู†ูŠู† ุฅุจู‚ุงุกุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฑูƒู‡ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุชูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฅุจู‚ุงุก ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† " ุงู†ุชุธุฑ ู„ุญุธุฉ!" "ู„ู… ูŠุฑู‡ ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ูˆุฌุฏุชู‡ ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจุŒ" "ูˆูˆุฌุฏุช ุฑุงุจุท ู„ุตูุญุฉ ุชุตูู‡ุŒ ูˆุณุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุตุญูŠุญู‡ ุบุฏุงู‹ุŒ" "ู„ุฐุง ูุฑุฌุงุก ู„ุง ุชุญุฐููˆู‡ุŒ " ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุณูŠู†ุฌูˆ.
But in other cases, this could be 18 deletes and two keeps, and we would keep it, because if those last two keeps say, "Wait a minute. Nobody else saw this but I found it in a book, and I found a link to a page that describes it, and I'm going to clean it up tomorrow, so please don't delete it," then it would survive.
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุช.
And it also matters who the people are who are voting.
ูˆูƒู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุถูŠู‚ ู…ุชุฑุงุจุท.
Like I say, it's a tight-knit community.
ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ุŒ "ุฃุชุฑูƒู‡ุŒ ููŠู„ู… ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุŒ" ุฑูŠูƒ ูƒุงูŠ.
Down here at the bottom, "Keep, real movie," RickK.
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูุนู„ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุฌุจุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุฎุฑูŠุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฎุฏุงุน ูˆุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุช ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุญุฐู.
RickK is a very famous Wikipedian who does an enormous amount of work with vandalism, hoaxes and votes for deletion.
ูŠุญู…ู„ ุตูˆุชู‡ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนุฑู ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ู‡.
His voice carries a lot of weight within the community because he knows what he's doing.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูƒูŠู ูŠูุญูƒู… ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
So how is all this governed?
ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉู‹ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุงุกุŒ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„.
People really want to know about administrators, things like that.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุญูƒู… ููŠ ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ูุฑุจูƒ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุฎู„ูŠุท ูุนู‘ุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุฌู…ุงุน-- ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุชุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุฑุฃูŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุญุงูŠุฏ. ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู…ูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉุŒ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุงุก-- ู„ุฏู‰ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฐู ุงู„ุตูุญุงุชุŒ
So the Wikipedia governance model, the governance of the community, is a very confusing, but workable mix of consensus -- meaning we try not to vote on the content of articles, because the majority view is not necessarily neutral -- some amount of democracy -- all of the administrators -- these are the people who have the ability to delete pages.
ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุญู‚ ููŠ ุญุฐู ุงู„ุตูุญุงุชุŒ
That doesn't mean that they have the right to delete pages.
ู…ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†-- ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ู…ู†ุชุฎุจูˆู†ุŒ
They still have to follow all the rules -- but they're elected by the community.
ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุจุฅู†ุชุฎุงุจู‡ู…. ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุฃู†ุงุณ-- ุงู„ู…ุชุตูŠุฏูˆู† ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช-- ูŠุชู‡ู…ูˆู†ู†ูŠ ุจุฅุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุงุก ู„ุชุญูŠูŠุฒ ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูˆุนุฉ.
Sometimes people -- random trolls on the Internet -- like to accuse me of handpicking the administrators to bias the content of the encyclopedia.
ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ู…ุง ุฃุถุญูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู„ุฏูŠ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู† ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฅู†ุชุฎุงุจู‡ู…ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน.
I always laugh at this, because I have no idea how they're elected, actually.
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุณุชู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ.
There's a certain amount of aristocracy.
ูˆู„ุฐุง ูู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุซู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑุช ุฃู† ุตูˆุช ุฑูŠูƒ ูƒุงูŠ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ูˆุฒู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุนู† ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑูู‡.
You got a hint of that when I mentioned, like, RickK's voice would carry a lot more weight than someone we don't know.
ุฃู‚ุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ู…ุน ุฃู†ุฌู„ุงุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุฅู†ุชุฎุงุจู‡ุง ู…ุฌุฏุฏุงู‹ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู„ุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน -- ู„ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณูŠู†ุŒ ุจุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุถุนู ุฃุตูˆุงุช ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ู… ูŠูู†ุชุฎุจ.
I give this talk sometimes with Angela, who was just re-elected to the board from the community -- with more than twice the votes of the person who didn't make it.
ูˆุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ู…ุง ุฃุญุฑุฌู‡ุง ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃู†ุฌู„ุงุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูู„ุช ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ ุฃูŠ ุดุฆ ุฏุงุฎู„ ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุงุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุญุชุฑู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ูˆู‚ูˆูŠุฉ.
And I always embarrass her because I say, "Well, Angela, for example, could get away with doing absolutely anything within Wikipedia, because she's so admired and so powerful."
ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุฑู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠุŒ ุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุฌู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูˆู„ู† ูŠุฎุงู„ู ุฃูŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ู„ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุง.
But the irony is, of course, that Angela can do this because she's the one person who you know would never, ever break any rules of Wikipedia.
ูˆุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฃูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนุฑู ุญู‚ุงู‹ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุงุŒ ุฃูŠุถุง...
And I also like to say she's the only person who actually knows all the rules of Wikipedia, so ...
ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุŒ ุฃูŠุถุง...
And then there's monarchy, and that's my role on the community, so ...
ูƒู†ุช ุฃุดุฑุญ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฐุงุช ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุจุฑู„ูŠู† ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุญู ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุนู†ุงูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุŒ "ุฃู†ุง ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุฅู†ุฌู„ุชุฑุง."
I was describing this in Berlin once, and the next day in the newspaper the headline said, "I am the Queen of England."
ูˆู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุถุจุทุŒ ู„ูƒู†-- ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน-- ููŠ ุฅุทุงุฑ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„-- ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏ ู‚ุฏูŠู… ู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒุชุงุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ุทูŠุจ .
And that's not exactly what I said, but -- the point is my role in the community -- Within the free software world, there's been a long-standing tradition of the "benevolent dictator" model.
ู„ุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฃู„ู‚ูŠุช ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉุŒ ูุฅู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุดุฎุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชูู‚ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒุชุงุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ุทูŠุจ.
So if you look at most of the major free software projects, they have one single person in charge who everyone agrees is the benevolent dictator.
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุญุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒุชุงุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ุทูŠุจุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุฃู† ุฃูƒูˆู† ุฏูŠูƒุชุงุชูˆุฑุงู‹ ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
Well, I don't like the term "benevolent dictator," and I don't think that it's my job or my role in the world of ideas to be the dictator of the future of all human knowledge compiled by the world.
ุฐู„ูƒ ุบูŠุฑ ุตุญูŠุญ ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ.
It just isn't appropriate.
ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญูˆุฌุฉ ู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉุŒ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุญุฏุฏ -- ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ูŠุชูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃุฎุฐ ู‚ุฑุงุฑุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ู†ุชูˆุฑุท ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุฃุฎุฐ ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฑุณู…ูŠุฉ.
But there is a need still for a certain amount of monarchy, a certain amount of -- sometimes we have to make a decision and we don't want to get bogged down too heavily in formal decision-making processes.
ู„ุฐุง ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุญูˆู„ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง- ุฃูˆ ูƒูŠู ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู…ุคุฎุฑุงู‹ ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุงูƒุชุดู ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุฒูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุฌุฏุฏ ุงู„ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุงุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุงุŒ " ุฃูˆู‡ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูุธูŠุนุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู„ู„ู…ุคุงู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ูŠู‡ูˆุฏูŠุฉ ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ู†ุญุจู‡ุง ู„ุชูุญุฐู.
So as an example of how this can be important: we recently had a situation where a neo-Nazi website discovered Wikipedia, and they said, "Oh, well, this is horrible, this Jewish conspiracy of a website, and we're going to get certain articles deleted that we don't like.
ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุตูˆูŠุชุŒ ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุฑุณุงู„-- ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง 40 ุงู„ู ุนุถูˆ ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุฑุณุงู„ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆุณูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹ ุจุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุช ู„ุญุฐู ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุตูุญุงุช."
And we see they have a voting process, so we're going to send -- we have 40,000 members and we're going to send them over and they're all going to vote and get these pages deleted."
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฎุทุทูˆุง ู„ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… 18 ุดุฎุตุงู‹ ุจุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ.
Well, they managed to get 18 people to show up.
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุงู„ู†ุงุฒูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุฌุฏุฏ ู„ูƒู….
That's neo-Nazi math for you.
ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ู…ุง ูŠุธู†ูˆู† ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… 40 ุฃู„ู ุนุถูˆ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… 18 ุนุถูˆุงู‹.
They always think they've got 40,000 members when they've got 18.
ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุฎุทุทูˆุง ู„ุฏูุน 18 ุดุฎุตุงู‹ ู„ู„ุชุตูˆูŠุช ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุณุฎูŠูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ู…ุง ู„ุญุฐู ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ.
But they managed to get 18 people to come and vote in a fairly absurd way to delete a perfectly valid article.
ุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุช ุจ 85 ุงู„ู‰ 18ุŒ ู„ุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎุทุฑ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุชู†ุง ุงู„ุฏูŠู…ูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ.
Of course, the vote ended up being about 85 to 18, so there was no real danger to our democratic processes.
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุŒ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ " ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงุฐุง ุณุชูุนู„ูˆู†ุŸ
On the other hand, people said, "But what are we going to do?
ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ุงุฐุง ู‚ุงู…ุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ูˆุฌุงุกุช ูˆุทู„ุจุช ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุชุŸ"
I mean, this could happen. What if some group gets really seriously organized and comes in and wants to vote?"
ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ุŒ "ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ุนู†ุฉุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุขู†."
Then I said, "Well, fuck it, we'll just change the rules."
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน: ู„ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ู† ู†ุณู…ุญ ู„ุงู†ูุชุงุญู†ุง ูˆุญุฑูŠุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช.
That's my job in the community: to say we won't allow our openness and freedom to undermine the quality of the content.
ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ูŠุซู‚ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠ ูˆุจุฏูˆุฑูŠุŒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูŠ. ุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุฎุตุฉ ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ุช ุจุนู…ู„ ุณูŠุฆุŒ
And so, as long as people trust me in my role, then that's a valid place for me.
ุณูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุชุทูˆุนูŠู† ุจุงู„ู…ุบุงุฏุฑุฉ ุจูƒู„ ุณุนุงุฏุฉ-- ู„ุง ุฃูุฑุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ุฃูŠ ุดุฆ.
Of course, because of the free licensing, I can't tell anyone what to do.
ู„ุฐุง ูุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูู‡ู… ูƒูŠู ุชุนู…ู„ ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุงุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ูู‡ู… ุฃู† ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌู†ุง ููŠ ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุจู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู„ุณู†ุง ุงู„ููˆุถูˆูŠูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชุนุตุจูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ. ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ู†ุญู†--
So the final point here is that to understand how Wikipedia works, it's important to understand that our wiki model is the way we work, but we are not fanatical web anarchists.
ู†ุญู† ู…ุฑู†ูˆู† ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู ุนุงุทูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู„ุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ุตู†ุนู‡ุง.
In fact, we're very flexible about the social methodology, because ultimately, the passion of the community is for the quality of the work, not necessarily for the process that we use to generate it.
ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ู„ูƒู…!
Thank you.
ุจู† ุณุงูˆู†ุฏุฑุฒ: ูŠุงุงู‡ุŒ ู…ุฑุญุจุงู‹ุŒ ู…ุนูƒู… ุจู† ุณุงูˆู†ุฏุฑุฒ
Ben Saunders: Yeah, hi, Ben Saunders.
ุฌูŠู…ูŠุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฐูƒุฑุช ุฃู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฏ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูุชุงุญ ู†ุฌุงุญ ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุง.
Jimmy, you mentioned impartiality being a key to Wikipedia's success.
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูุฌุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ุฃุทูุงู„ู†ุง ู…ุชุญูŠุฒุฉ ุจุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซุฉ.
It strikes me that much of the textbooks that are used to educate our children are inherently biased.
ู‡ู„ ูˆุฌุฏุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุงุŒ ูˆูƒูŠู ุชุฑู‰ ุฃู† ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุง ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŸ
Have you found Wikipedia being used by teachers and how do you see Wikipedia changing education?
ุฌูŠู…ูŠ ูˆูŠู„ุฒ: ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏุฃูˆุง ููŠ ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุง. ุดุฆ ุขุฎุฑ--
Jimmy Wales: Yeah, so, a lot of teachers are beginning to use Wikipedia.
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญูƒุงูŠุงุช ุฅุนู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุงุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุบู„ูˆุทุฉ.
There's a media storyline about Wikipedia, which I think is false.
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุจู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุตุต ุงู„ู…ุฏูˆู†ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ุตุญู.
It builds on the storyline of bloggers versus newspapers.
ูˆุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดุฆ ุฌู†ูˆู†ูŠุŒ ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูˆู† ูŠูƒุฑู‡ูˆู†ู‡ุง ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู†. ูˆุงุชุถุญ ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุบูŠุฑ ุตุญูŠุญ.
And the storyline is, there's this crazy thing, Wikipedia, but academics hate it and teachers hate it. And that turns out to not be true.
ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุชู„ู‚ูŠุช ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุตุญููŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูƒุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠูˆู† ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุงุŸ"
The last time I got an email from a journalist saying, "Why do academics hate Wikipedia?"
ุฃุฑุณู„ุช ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุจุฑูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู‡ุงุฑูุงุฑุฏุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุชู… ุชุนูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุคุฎุฑุงู‹ ูƒุฒู…ูŠู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
I sent it from my Harvard email address because I was recently appointed a fellow there.
ูˆู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ุŒ " ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูƒุฑู‡ูˆู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ูŠุฉ."
And I said, "Well, they don't all hate it."
ู„ูƒู† ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ุถุฎู…ุฉ.
But I think there's going to be huge impacts.
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุฃู†ุง ุดุฎุตูŠุง ู…ุชุญู…ุณ ู„ู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ูˆูŠูƒูŠ ู„ู„ูƒุชุจุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ู„ุตู†ุน ูƒุชุจ ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช.
And we actually have a project that I'm personally really excited about, which is the Wikibooks project, which is an effort to create textbooks in all the languages.
ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ.
And that's a much bigger project.
ุณูŠุณุชุบุฑู‚ 20 ุนุงู…ุงู‹ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ูŠุตู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฒู‡ุงุฑ.
It's going to take 20 years or so to come to fruition.
ู„ูƒู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ู‡ู…ุชู†ุง ุจุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ู…ูˆุณูˆุนุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ.
But part of that is to fulfill our mission of giving an encyclopedia to every single person on the planet.
ูˆู„ุง ู†ุนู†ูŠ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุฒุนุงุฌู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุฃูˆู† ู„ุงูŠู†.
We don't mean we're going to Spam them with AOL-style CDs.
ู†ุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชู‚ุฏูŠู…ู‡ุง ูƒุฃุฏุงุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง.
We mean we're going to give them a tool that they can use.
ูˆู„ู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุฏู…ุช ู„ูƒ ู…ูˆุณูˆุนุฉ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉุŒ ู„ู† ุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ุฃูŠ ุดุฆ ู…ููŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฏูˆู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุญูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุชุทูˆุฑูƒ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุญูŠู†ู‡ุง ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง.
And for a lot of people in the world, if I give you an encyclopedia that's written at a university level, it doesn't do you any good without a whole host of literacy materials to build you up to the point where you can actually use it.
ูˆู„ุฐุง ูู…ุดุฑูˆุน ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ูˆูŠูƒูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌู‡ุฏ ู„ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
The Wikibooks project is an effort to do that.
ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฑุคูŠุฉ ุดุฆ ุถุฎู…-- ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ู† ูŠุฃุชูŠ ููŠ ุฒู…ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุญู†ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุจุชูƒุงุฑุงุช ุญูˆู„ู†ุง
And I think that we're going to see -- it may not even come from us; there's all kinds of innovation going on.
ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฎุตุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฆ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู….
But freely licensed textbooks are the next big thing in education.
ุญุณู†ูŒุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุธูŠู… ุฃู† ุฃูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู†ูƒู…
Well, it's great to be here.
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุณู…ุนู†ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุงู‹ ุนู† ูˆุนูˆุฏ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุงุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ.
We've heard a lot about the promise of technology, and the peril.
ูˆุฃู†ุง ู…ู‡ุชู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุจูƒู„ุงู‡ู…ุง.
I've been quite interested in both.
ุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชุทุนู†ุง ุชุญูˆูŠู„ 0.03 % ู…ู† ุถูˆุก ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ูˆูุงุก ุจุงุญุชูŠุงุฌุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู‚ุนุฉ ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุนุงู… 2030.
If we could convert 0.03 percent of the sunlight that falls on the earth into energy, we could meet all of our projected needs for 2030.
ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ุฃู† ุดุฑุงุฆุญ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ ุซู‚ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฒู†ุŒ ูˆุจุงู‡ุธุฉ ุงู„ุซู…ู† ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ูุนุงู„ุฉ.
We can't do that today because solar panels are heavy, expensive and very inefficient.
ูˆ ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุชุตุงู…ูŠู… ุจุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงู†ูˆุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุชู… ุชุญู„ูŠู„ู‡ุง ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุŒ ุชูุธู‡ุฑ ู‚ุงุจู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎููŠูุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุจุดุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุฑุฎูŠุตุฉ ุงู„ุซู…ู†ุŒ ูˆ ูุนุงู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุงู„ูˆูุงุก ุจูƒู„ ุฅุญุชูŠุงุฌุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุทุงู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ.
There are nano-engineered designs, which at least have been analyzed theoretically, that show the potential to be very lightweight, very inexpensive, very efficient, and we'd be able to actually provide all of our energy needs in this renewable way.
ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุงู†ูˆ ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุญูŠุซู…ุง ุทูู„ุจุช.
Nano-engineered fuel cells could provide the energy where it's needed.
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฅุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ูุชุงุญูŠุŒ ู„ููƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุดุขุช ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠุฉ ูˆ ู†ุงู‚ู„ุงุช ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู„ุงู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุตุฏุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุจูŠุฆุฉุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒูุงุกุฉ ู…ุคู‡ู„ุฉ ูˆููŠ ู…ุฃู…ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„.
That's a key trend, which is decentralization, moving from centralized nuclear power plants and liquid natural gas tankers to decentralized resources that are environmentally more friendly, a lot more efficient and capable and safe from disruption.
ุชุญุฏุซ "ุจูˆู†ูˆ" -ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงูŠุฑู„ู†ุฏูŠ- ุจุจู„ุงุบุฉ ุจุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุชุŒ ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุฌุงุจู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนุตูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุถ ูˆ ูู‚ุฑ.
Bono spoke very eloquently, that we have the tools, for the first time, to address age-old problems of disease and poverty.