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ู„ู… ุฃู‚ุตุฏ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฃุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุตู„ุช ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุฑูˆุฏู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู†ุบุŒ ูˆููƒุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฎุทุฃุŒ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุชูƒูˆู†ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุจุฏุก ูุนู„ ุดุฆุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุธุงู‡ุฑุŒ ูˆูŠุชู… ุณู…ุงุนูƒุŒ ูˆุชุฎุจุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุฌุฑูŠ.
It didn't really get anywhere, and then the Rodney King incident happened, and people thought, OK, if you have a camera in the right place at the right time, or, perhaps, the wrong time, depending who you are, then you can actually start doing something, and campaigning, and being heard, and telling people about what's going on.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูู‚ุฏ ุจุฏุฃุช ูˆูŠุชู†ุณ ุนุงู… 92 ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุฃุนุทุช ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ 60 ุฏูˆู„ุฉ.
So, WITNESS was started in '92 and it's since given cameras out in over 60 countries.
ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุชุธุงู‡ุฑ ู…ุน ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู†ุดุทุงุกุŒ ูˆู†ุณุงุนุฏู‡ู… ููŠ ุฅุฎุจุงุฑ ู‚ุตุตู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุณุฃุนุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุฎู„ุงู„ ู„ุญุธุงุชุŒ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุชุธุงู‡ุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุธู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุตุฉ ู…ู† ูŠูˆุบู†ุฏุงุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู†ุง ุดุงู‡ุฏู†ุง ู‚ุตุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ู…ู† ูŠูˆุบู†ุฏุง ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุณุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
And we campaign with activist groups and help them tell their story and, in fact, I will show you in a moment one of the most recent campaigns, and I'm afraid it's a story from Uganda, and, although we had a wonderful story from Uganda yesterday, this one isn't quite so good.
ูˆ ููŠ ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠูˆุบู†ุฏุงุŒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆู†ุตู ู†ุงุฒุญ ุŒ ุฃู†ุงุณ ู‡ู… ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ู„ุงุฌุฆูŠู† ููŠ ุจู„ุฏ ุขุฎุฑุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุฑูŠ ู„ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 20 ุณู†ุฉุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ูŠุนูŠุดูˆุง ููŠู‡.
In the north of Uganda, there are something like 1.5 million internally displaced people, people who are not refugees in another country, but because of the civil war, which has been going on for about 20 years, they have nowhere to live.
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃูุฎุฐ 20ุŒ000 ุทูู„ุงู‹ ู„ูŠุตุจุญูˆุง ุฃุทูุงู„ุงู‹ ู…ู‚ุงุชู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุชุชุนู‚ุจ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ู„ -- ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุณู…ู‰ุŸ
And 20,000 kids have been taken away to become child soldiers, and the International Criminal Court is going after five of the leaders of the -- now, what's it called?
ู„ู‚ุฏ ู†ุณูŠุช ุฃุณู… ุงู„ุฌูŠุดุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุฌูŠุด ุงู„ุฑุจุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุณุฌู„ ู†ุธูŠูุŒ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ู„ุง ุดุบู„ุชู… ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„.
I forget the name of the of the army -- it's Lord's Resistance Army, I believe -- but the government, also, doesn't have a clean sheet, so if we could run the first video.
ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุณูƒุฑ ู„ูŠุณุช ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚. ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูŠ ุตุนุจุฉ.
Woman: Life in the camp is never simple. Even today life is difficult.
ุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุตุจุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎูˆู ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฏูุนู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุณูƒุฑ...
We stay because of the fear that what pushed us into the camp ...
ู…ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ููŠ ุจูŠูˆุชู†ุง.
still exists back home.
ุญูŠู†ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ููŠ ุจูŠูˆุชู†ุงุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุชู…ุฑุฏูŠู† ูŠู‡ุงุฌู…ูˆู†ู†ุง.
Man: When we were at home, it was Kony's [rebel] soldiers disturbing us.
ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉุŒ ูƒู†ุง ุขู…ู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุณูƒุฑ.
At first, we were safe in the camp.
ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุญู‚ุงู‹ ุจุฏุฃ ุฌู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุฅุณุงุกุฉ ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุชู†ุง ุจุดุฏุฉ.
But later the government soldiers began mistreating us a lot.
ุฌู†ูŠูุฑ: ู…ุดู‰ ุฌู†ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆุณุฃู„ู†ุง ุฃูŠู† ูƒู†ุง.
Jennifer: A soldier walked onto the road, asking where we'd been.
ุชุฎูู‘ุช ุฃูŠููŠู„ูŠู† ูˆุงู†ุง ุฎู„ู ุฃู…ูŠ.
Evelyn and I hid behind my mother.
ุฃูŠููŠู„ูŠู†: ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃู…ุฑู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฌู„ุณุŒ ู„ุฐุง ูู‚ุฏ ุฌู„ุณู†ุง.
Evelyn: He ordered us to sit down, so we sat down.
ูˆุฌุงุก ุงู„ุฌู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ.
The other soldier also came.
ุฌู†ูŠูุฑ: ุฌุงุก ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ูˆุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุฎู„ุน ู…ู„ุงุจุณูŠ.
Jennifer: The man came and started undressing me.
ูˆุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฃูŠูู„ูŠู† ุฌุงู†ุจุงู‹.
The other one carried Evelyn aside.
ุงู„ุฌู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ูŠุฏู†ุณู†ูŠ ูˆุฐู‡ุจ ู„ุฅุบุชุตุงุจ ุฃูŠููŠู„ูŠู†.
The one who was defiling me then left me and went to rape Evelyn.
ูˆุงู„ุฌู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ูŠุบุชุตุจ ุฃูŠููŠู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุฌุงุก ูˆุฏู†ุณู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุงู‹.
And the one who was raping Evelyn came and defiled me also.
ุฑุฌู„: ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุฏ ุจู‡ุฑุงูˆุงุช ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ูŠุถุฑุจูˆู†ู†ุง ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุนุชุฑุงู.
Man: The soldiers with clubs this long beat us to get a confession.
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุธู„ูˆุง ูŠุฎุจุฑูˆู†ู†ุงุŒ " ู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ!" ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูŠุถุฑุจูˆู†ู†ุง.
They kept telling us, "Tell the truth!" as they beat us.
ุฅู…ุฑุฃุฉ: ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุตุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุฐุจ.
Woman: They insisted that I was lying.
ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉุŒ ุฃุทู„ู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุตุงุจุนูŠ.
At that moment, they fired and shot off my fingers.
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุณู‚ุทุช. ุซู… ู‡ุฑุนูˆุง ู„ู„ุฅู†ุถู…ุงู… ู„ู„ุจู‚ูŠุฉ...ุชุฑูƒูˆู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุช.
I fell. They ran to join the others ... leaving me for dead.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุงู„ุชุนุฐูŠุจ ู„ูŠุณ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุถ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
Peter Gabriel: So torture is not something that always happens on other soil.
ููŠ ุจู„ุฏูŠุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† -- ู„ู‚ุฏ ุดุงู‡ุฏู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุงู‹ ู„ุฌู†ูˆุฏ ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒ ูŠุถุฑุจูˆู† ุดุจุงุจ ุนุฑุงู‚ูŠูŠู†ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุบุฑูŠุจุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุณุฌู† ุบูˆุงู†ุชุงู†ู…ูˆุŒ
In my country, it was -- we had been looking at pictures of British soldiers beating up young Iraqis; we've got Abu Ghraib; we've got Guantanamo Bay.
ูˆู„ุฏูŠ ุณุงุฆู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุทุงุฑ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒ. ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุฎุจุฑู†ูŠ ุจู‚ุตุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุตุจุงุญุงู‹ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุฃุฎุฐู‡ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุจูŠุชู‡ ููŠ ูƒูˆูŠู†ุฒ -- ุชู… ุฃุฎุฐู‡ ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏ ูˆูŠุณุชุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ุชู… ุฅุณุชุฌูˆุงุจู‡ ูˆุชุนุฐูŠุจู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุนุฏุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ุจุนุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ู„ุงุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู†ูุณ -- ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุทุŒ ูˆู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุณู… ู„ุฃุญุฏ ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฌูˆู… 9/11ุŒ
I had a driver on my way to Newark Airport, and he told me a story that, in the middle of the night, 4 a.m., he'd been taken out of his home in Queens -- taken to a place in the Midwest, that he was interrogated and tortured and returned to the street four weeks later, because he had the same -- he was Middle Eastern, and he had the same name as one of the 9/11 pilots,
ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุตุงุฏู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฑุบู…ุงู‹ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูƒุงุฐุจุงู‹.
and that may or may not be true -- I didn't think he was a liar, though.
ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏุŒ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฅู† ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ูุถู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ุฐูˆุจุงู† ุซู„ูˆุฌ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจูŠู†ุŒ ูุฃู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุงุชู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุŒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุŒ ุชุชุขูƒู„ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุดุฆ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฅู‚ุงู…ุฉ ุญู…ู„ุงุช ู„ู‡.
And, I think, if we look around the world, as well as the polar ice caps melting, human rights, which have been fought for, for many hundreds of years in some cases, are, also, eroding very fast, and that is something that we need to take a look at and, maybe, start campaigning for.
ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ุŒ ู„ุฃุญุฏ ุดุฑูƒุงุฆู†ุง -- ูƒุงู† ููŠ ูุงู† ุฌูˆู†ุณ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน ูƒุชุจ ู„ุง ุจุงุฑุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู‚ุงู…ูˆู‡ุŒ ู…ุน ุจุตู…ุงุชู‡ู… ู„ -- ููŠ ูƒุงู„ููˆุฑู†ูŠุงุŒ ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุชุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ ุจู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃุณุงู„ูŠุจ ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูƒูŠู ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุญุจุณ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู…ุดูƒูˆูƒ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ
I mean, here, too, one of our partners was at Van Jones and the Books Not Bars project -- they have managed, with their footage in California to change the youth correction systems employed, and it's much -- much -- I think, more humane methods are being looked at, how you should lock up young kids, and that's questionable to start off.
ูˆูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ููŠ ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ู…ูˆุฑุงู„ูŠุณุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ู‚ุงุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ุนุฐุฑุงู‹ ุŒ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุบุงุจุฑูŠุงู„ุŒ ู‡ู„ ุชู…ุงู†ุน ู„ูˆ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุฃุฌูŠู„ ุชู†ููŠุฐ ุญูƒู… ุฅุนุฏุงู…ูƒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ุŸ
And as the story of Mr. Morales, just down the road, excuse me, Mr. Gabriel, would you mind if we delayed your execution a little bit?
ู„ุงุŒ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ุŒ ุฎุฐูˆุง ูˆู‚ุชูƒู….
No, not at all, no problem, take your time.
ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏุŒ ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุฎุตุŒ ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ู…ุงุฐุง ูุนู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุญุดูŠ ูˆุนู‚ุงุจ ู„ูŠุณ ุฅุนุชูŠุงุฏูŠุงู‹.
But this, surely, whoever that man is, whatever he's done, this is cruel and unusual punishment.
ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆูŠุชู†ุณ ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุณู„ูŠุญ ุงู„ุดุฌุนุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‡ู… ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ุŒ ูŠุถุนูˆู† ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู… ููŠ ุฎุทุฑุŒ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆุฃุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุฃู† ุฃุนุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ. ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ู„ูƒ.
Anyway, WITNESS has been trying to arm the brave people who often put their lives at risk around the world, with cameras, and I'd like to show you just a little more of that. Thank you.
ูˆูู„ุฏุช ูˆูŠุชู†ุณ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฅุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง ุงู„ู…ุญู…ูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ุดุฆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุชุงุญ ู„ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุชุญู‚ู‚.
PG: WITNESS was born of technological innovation -- in a sense the small, portable, DV cam was really what allowed it to come into being.
ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุง ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑุงุช ุชูุฑุณู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒูุงุกุฉู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุญู…ู„ุงุช ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒูุงุกุฉู‹ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุชุงุญุชู‡ุง ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ู…ุญู…ูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุถู…ู† ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุงุช ุจุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฑุฎูŠุตุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุทู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ูˆุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง.
And we've also been trying to get computers out to the world, so that groups can communicate much more effectively, campaign much more effectively, but now we have the wonderful possibility, which is given to us from the mobile phone with the camera in it, because that is cheap; it's ubiquitous; and it's moving fast all around the world -- and it's very exciting for us.
ูˆู„ุฐุงุŒ ูุงู„ุญู„ู… ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ ุดุฆ ุณูŠุฆุŒ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ุจุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุตุชู‡ู… ู…ุญู…ู‘ู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุชู… ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆูŠุชู… ุฑุคูŠุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุณู…ุงุนู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูŠุตุจุญ ู…ูˆู‚ุนุงู‹ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุงู‹ ุถุฎู…ุงู‹ุŒ ุฑุจู…ุงุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุบูˆุบู„ ุฅูŠุฑุซุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู‚ ููŠู‡ ูˆู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุฑูŠุŒ
And so, the dream is that we could have a world in which anyone who has anything bad happen to them of this sort has a chance of getting their story uploaded, being seen, being watched, that they really know that they can be heard, that there would be a giant website, maybe, a little like Google Earth, and you could fly over and find out the realities of what's going,
ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ -- ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุชูŠุญู‡ ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ู„ูˆุฌูŠุงุŒ ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูŠู…ูˆุช ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏุฒุŒ ูˆู…ู† ูŠุชู… ุถุฑุจู‡ุŒ ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุณู…ุงุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุต ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏูˆูŠู† -- ุฅู† ุฃู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุญุฑูƒ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุชุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุจุดุชู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚.
for the world's inhabitants. In a way what this technology is allowing is, really, that a lot of the problems of the world can have a human face, that we can actually see who's dying of AIDS or who's being beaten up, for the first time, and we can hear their stories in a way that the blogger culture -- if we can move that into these sort of fields, I think we can really transform the world in all sorts of ways.
ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ุชู†ู…ูˆุŒ ุชุชุฑุนุฑุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑุŒ ูˆุชู†ู…ูˆ ุจู‚ูˆุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ. ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ู„ูƒู….
There could be a new movement growing up, rising from the ground, reaching for the light, and growing strong, just like a tree. Thank you.
ุฃู†ุง ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ ุจุงุฑุงู†ูŠูƒ. ูˆู…ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู†ู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู„ู‡ุง ุตุฏู‰ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ุน ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠูŠู†.
I'm Rich Baraniuk and what I'd like to talk a little bit about today are some ideas that I think have just tremendous resonance with all the things that have been talked about the last two days.
ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุตุฏู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณูŠุตุนุจ ุฌู…ุนู‡ุง ุณูˆูŠุงู‹ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุณุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ู…ุง ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน.
So many different points of resonance that it's going to be difficult to bring them all up, but I'll try to do my best.
ู‡ู„ ูŠุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃูŠ ู…ู†ูƒู… ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ
Does anybody remember these?
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุฅุญู„ุงู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุตุญูŠุญ.
OK, so these are LP records and they've been replaced, right?
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุฅุณุชุจุนุงุฏู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠูŠู† ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุณุทูŠุญ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
They've been swept away over the last two decades by these types of world-flattening digitization technologies, right?
ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุฉ ุจุดุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุชูˆู…ุงุณ ูŠู„ุนุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ูˆุตูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
And I think it was best witnessed when Thomas was playing the music as we came in the room today.
ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ุจูŠุฆูŠ ุชู… ุฅุณุชุญุฏุงุซู‡ ุจุญูŠุซุŒ ุฅู† ุฃุฎุฐุช ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ู† ุขุจู„ุŒ ูุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุตู†ุนู‡ุŒ ู†ุฌู‡ุฒู‡ุŒ ู†ู…ุฒุฌู‡ ุซู… ู†ุญุฑู‚ู‡ .
What's happened in the music world is there's a culture, or an ecosystem that's been created that, if you take some words from Apple, the catchphrase -- that we create, rip, mix and burn.
ู…ุง ุฃุนู†ูŠู‡ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุญูุฑู‘ ูˆู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ู„ู‡ ุจุตู†ุน ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุฃููƒุงุฑ ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉ.
What I mean by that is that anyone in the world is free and allowed to create new music and musical ideas.
ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ู„ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฃู† ูŠุฌู‡ู‘ุฒ ุฃูˆ ูŠู†ุณุฎ ุฃููƒุงุฑุงู‹ ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุจุทุฑู‚ ู…ุจุชูƒุฑุฉ.
Anyone in the world is allowed to rip or copy musical ideas, use them in innovative ways.
ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ู„ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ู…ุฒุฌู‡ุง ุจุดุชู‰ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ุŒ ูˆูŠุฑุณู… ูˆุตู„ุงุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู†ุณุฎูˆู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠุฒุฑูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ูŠุตู†ุนูˆู† ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆุชุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ.
Anyone is allowed to mix them in different types of ways, draw connections between musical ideas, and people can burn them or create final products and continue the circle.
ูˆู…ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุตู†ุนุŒ ู…ุซู„ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชุŒ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู†ุงุจุถ ุจุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู…ู† ุฃู†ุงุณ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ู„ุฑุจุท ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ุฅุจุชูƒุงุฑู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุฅุจู‚ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ูˆุงูƒุจุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญุฏุซุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
And what that's done is it's created, like I said, a vibrant community that's very inclusive, with people continually working to connect musical ideas, innovate them and keep things constantly up to date.
ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ูŠุณุช ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
Today's hit single is not last year's hit single.
ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ู„ุณุช ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
But I'm not here to talk about music today.
ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุชุจุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
I'm here to talk about books.
ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ูˆูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ.
In particular, textbooks and the kind of educational materials that we use every day in school.
ู‡ู„ ุฐู‡ุจ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ู…ู†ูƒู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŸ
Has anyone here ever been to school?
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู‡ู„ ูŠุฏุฑูƒ ุงูŠ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒุงุฑุซุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณู†ุงุŒ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŸ
OK, does anybody realize there's a crisis in our schools, around the world?
ุขู…ู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู„ู† ุฃุถูŠุน ูˆู‚ุช ุทูˆูŠู„ ุญูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุฃุฑุบุจ ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฅู†ู‚ุทุงุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠู†ุดุฑ ู…ุคู„ูุงู‹ ูƒุชุงุจุงู‹
I'm not going to spend too much time on that, but what I want to talk about is some of the disconnects that appear when an author publishes a book.
ูุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ-- ูู‚ุท ุจุณุจุจ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุซู‚ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุบุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซู…ู†-- ุชุตู†ุน ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ูˆุงู„ูƒุชุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† -ุงู„ู‚ูุฑุงุก- ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุชุจุŒ ูƒูˆู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุงู„ุทูู„ุงุจุŒ ุฃู… ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูุฑุงุก ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠูŠู†.
That in fact, the publishing process -- just because of the fact that it's complicated, it's heavy, books are expensive -- creates a sort of a wall between authors of books and the ultimate users of books, be they teachers, students or just general readers.
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅู†ุทุจุงู‚ุงู‹ ุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ุชุชุญุฏุซ ู„ุบุฉ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉุŒ ูˆุฎุตูˆุตุงู‹ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ.
And this is even more true if you happen to speak a language other than one of the world's major languages, and especially English.
ูˆุณุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุฃุคู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฌุฒ ุงู„ุฑุงูุถุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ุจุนุฏูˆู† ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ุงุณู… ู…ุนุฑูุชู‡ู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
I'm going to call these people below the barrier "shutouts" because they're really shut out of the process of being able to share their knowledge with the world.
ูˆู„ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุดู‡ุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฌู„ุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ููƒุฑ ุจู‡ุง ุญูˆู„ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ูƒุชุจุŒ ุจุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง.
And so what I want to talk about today is trying to take these ideas that we've seen in the musical culture and try to bring these towards reinventing the way we think about writing books, using them and teaching from them.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฃุฑุบุจ ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ู†ู‚ุจุน ุงู„ุขู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŸ
So, that's what I'd like to talk about and, really, how we get from where we are now to where we need to go.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ุดุฆ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ.
The first thing I'd like you to do is a little thought experiment.
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃุฎุฐ ูƒู„ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
Imagine taking all the world's books.
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ูู„ูŠุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ูƒุชุจ
OK, everybody imagine books and imagine just tearing out the pages.
ูˆูŠุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู…ุฒู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ุตูุญุงุช. ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ุชุญุฑูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุญุงุช ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฑู‚ู…ู†ุชู‡ุงุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ
and imagine digitizing them and then storing them in a vast, interconnected, global repository.
ุซู… ุชุฎุฒูŠู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุฎุฒู† ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ู…ุชุดุงุจูƒ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ุงุช. ููƒุฑูˆุง ุจู‡ุง ุจุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุขูŠ ุชูŠูˆู† ุถุฎู…ุŒ ู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒุชุจ.
Think of it as a massive iTunes for book-type content.
ุซู… ุฎุฐูˆุง ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู† ู†ุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุนุฏูŠู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ุนุจ ุจู‡ุงุŒ ุชุญุณูŠู†ู‡ุง.
And then take that material and imagine making it all open, so that people can modify it, play with it, improve it.
ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชุญุฏูŠุซ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ุชุญุณูŠู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ุนุจ ุจู‡ุงุŒ ุจูˆุชูŠุฑุฉ ุฒู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุจู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
Imagine making it free, so that anyone in the world can have access to all of this knowledge, and imagine using information technology so that you can update this content, improve it, play with it, on a timescale that's more on the order of seconds instead of years.
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุนูˆุถุงู‹ ุนู† ุชุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ุทุจุนุงุช ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ู„ู„ูƒุชุงุจุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฃุชูŠ ูƒู„ 25 ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ.
Instead of editions of a book coming out every two years, imagine them coming out every 25 seconds.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู† ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฃุณุชุทุนู†ุง ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฏุงุฎู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
So, imagine we could do that and imagine we could put people into this.
ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุจู†ุงุก ู†ุธุงู… ุจูŠุฆูŠ ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู†ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุจู…ุณุชุทุงุนู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ูŠุฑุบุจูˆู† ููŠ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุณุชุทุนุชู… ูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณุชุณู…ู‰ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุณุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง ุจู†ุธุงู… ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ.
So that we could truly build an ecosystem with not just authors, but all the people who could be or want to be authors in all the different languages of the world, and I think if you could do this, it would be called -- I'm just going to refer to it as a knowledge ecosystem.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุงู„ุญู„ู… ูˆุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุชู…ูƒูŠู† ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุฃุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู„ูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ ุตู†ุน ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุชู‚ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุงู„ุฅุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุญูˆู„ู‡ุง. ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูู‡ุฐุง ุญู„ู….
So, really, this is the dream, and in a sense what you can think of it is we're trying to enable anyone in the world, I mean anyone in the world -- to be their own educational DJ, creating educational materials, sharing them with the world, constantly innovating on them. So, this is the dream.
ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ูุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญูู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุขู†.
In fact, this dream is actually being realized.
ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุณุช ูˆู†ุตู ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุจุฌุฏ ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฑุงูŠุณ ููŠ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุชูˆุงุตู„ "Connections"ุŒ ู„ุฐุง ูู…ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ูุนู„ู‡ ููŠ ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุญุฏูŠุซูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ุญูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ุน ุชูˆุงุตู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจู‡ ูƒู…ุทุงุจู‚ ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ู†ูŠูƒูˆู„ุงุณ ู†ู‚ุฑูˆุจูˆู†ูŠุช ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุณ ุŒ
Over the last six-and-a-half years, we've been working really hard at Rice University on a project called Connexions, and so what I'd like to do for the rest of the talk is just tell you a little bit about what people are doing with Connexions, which you can kind of think of as the counterpoint to Nicholas Negroponte's talk yesterday, where they're working on the hardware of bringing education to the world.
ุญูŠุซ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุตู„ุจุฉ ู„ุฌู„ุจ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
We're working on the open-source tools and the content.
ู†ุญู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู…ูุชูˆุญ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŸ
So, that's sort of to put it in perspective here.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ูุฐู„ูƒ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ ู‡ู†ุง.
So, create.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูุนู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุชุŸ
What are some of the people that are using these kind of tools?
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃูˆู„ ุดุฆ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ู„ุฃุณุงุชุฐุฉ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ ู…ู† ูƒู…ุจูŠุฑูŠุฏุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒูŠูˆุชูˆุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุทูˆู‘ุฑูˆู† ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุฅุนุชุจุงุฑู‡ ูƒูƒุชุงุจ ุถุฎู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุบุทูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ
Well, the first thing is, there's a community of engineering professors, from Cambridge to Kyoto, who are developing engineering content in electrical engineering to develop what you can think of as a massive, super textbook that covers the entire area of electrical engineering.
ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‚ุทุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุฎุตูŠุตู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ู…ู†ูุฑุฏุฉ.
And not only that -- it can be customized for use in each of their own individual institutions.
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃู…ุซุงู„ ูƒูŠุชูŠ ุฌูˆู†ุฒ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุจูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู…ุจุงู†ุฌู†ูŠุŒ ุฃู„ูŠู†ูˆูŠุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุฑุงุฏุงุช ุชู‚ุงุณู… ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุงุชู†ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุญูˆู„ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ุนุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰. ูˆุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ 600ุŒ000 ู…ุฑุฉ ุดู‡ุฑูŠุงู‹.
If people like Kitty Jones, a shut-out -- a private music teacher and mom from Champagne, Illinois, who wanted to share her fantastic music content with the world, on how to teach kids how to play music -- Her material is now used over 600,000 times per month.
ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุฐู‡ู„ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
Tremendous use.
ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุงุช ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ ุนุจุฑ 12 ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ุถุงู„ุน ููŠ ุชุนู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ ูุฃู† ุฃูˆู„ ุดุฆ ูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠ
In fact, a lot of this use coming from United States K-12 schools, because anyone who's involved in a school scale back, the first thing that's cut is the music curriculum.
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูู‚ุท ูŠุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุชุนุทุด ุงู„ู‡ุงุฆู„ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ.
And so this is just indicating the tremendous thirst for this kind of open, free content.
ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก. ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒุŸ
A lot of teachers are using this stuff.
ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุณุฎุŒ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุŸ
What about ripping? What about copying, reusing?
ูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชุทูˆุนูŠู† ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุชูƒุณุงุณ ุฅู„ุจุงุณูˆุŒ ุทู„ุงุจ ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุนู„ูŠุง ูŠุชุฑุฌู…ูˆู† ุฃููƒุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฎู…ุฉ
A team of volunteers at the University of Texas at El Paso -- graduate students translating this engineering super textbook ideas.
ูˆุฎู„ุงู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุฃุณุจูˆุนุŒ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุตุจุญ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุงู„ู„ุงุชูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุชุญุฏูŠุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุณูŠูƒุŒ ุจุณุจุจ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง.
And within about a week, having this be some of our most popular material in widespread use all over Latin America, and in particular in Mexico, because of the open, extensible nature of this.
ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุงู„ู…ุชุทูˆุนูˆู† ูˆุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุฑุฌู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ุงู„ุขุณูŠูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูŠุงุจุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุงูŠู„ุงู†ุฏูŠุฉ ู„ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ.
People, volunteers and even companies that are translating materials into Asian languages like Chinese, Japanese and Thai, to spread the knowledge even further.
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู…ุฒุฌูˆู†ุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฒุฌุŸ
OK, what about people who are mixing? What does "mixing" mean?
ุงู„ู…ุฒุฌ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุงุก ู…ู‚ุฑุฑุงุช ู…ุฎุตุตุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุงุก ูƒุชุจ ู…ุฎุตุตุฉ.
"Mixing" means building customized courses, means building customized books.
ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ู…ุซู„ ู†ุงุดูˆู†ุงู„ ุฅู†ุณุชุฑูˆู…ู†ุชุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุชุถู…ู† ู…ุญุงูƒุงุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ูˆุชูุงุนู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ู„ู„ูƒุชุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆุงู„ู„ุนุจ ู…ุนู‡ุง ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ูƒู…ุง ุชูุนู„.
Companies like National Instruments, who are embedding very powerful, interactive simulations into the materials, so that we can go way beyond our regular kind of textbook to an experience that all the teaching materials are things you can actually interact with and play around with and actually learn as you do.
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุจู„ุง ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู‡ุชู…ูˆู† ุจุดุฏุฉ ุจู…ุฒุฌ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ.
We've been working with Teachers Without Borders, who are very interested in mixing our materials.
ูˆุณูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… "ุชูˆุงุตู„" ูƒู…ู†ุตุฉ ู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ูˆุฅุฑุณุงู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ
They're going to be using Connexions as their platform to develop and deliver teaching materials for teaching teachers how to teach in 84 countries around the world.
ููŠ 84 ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. TWB ุญุงู„ูŠุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ ุชุฏู‘ุฑุจ 20ุŒ000 ู…ุนู„ู… ูˆุชุฏุนู…ู‡ุง USAID
TWB is currently in Iraq, training 20,000 teachers supported by USAID.
ูˆุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฒุฌ ูˆุชุฎุตูŠุตู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ูู‚ุท ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุฑุจุทู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฅู…ุจุฑูŠุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅู† ู„ู… ุชู‚ู… ุจุชู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฃุทูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู„ุบุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆุญุตูˆู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ูƒูŠุชู‡ุงุŒ ูุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุณ ุฌูŠุฏุงู‹.
And to them, this idea of being able to remix and customize to the local context is extraordinarily important, because just providing free content to people has actually been likened by people in the developing world to a kind of cultural imperialism -- that if you don't empower people with the ability to re-contextualize the material, translate it into their own language and take ownership of it, it's not good.
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู…ู†ุธู…ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ุงุŒ UC Merced ูŠุนู„ู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุญูˆู„ UC Merced.
OK, other organizations we've been working with, UC Merced -- people know about UC Merced.
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ููŠ ูƒุงู„ููˆุฑู†ูŠุงุŒ ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ูˆุงุฏูŠุŒ ุชุนู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุซูŠู‚ ู…ุน ูƒู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน.
It's a new university in California, in the Central Valley, working very closely with community colleges.