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ู‡ู†ุง ุณุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฑูˆุจูˆุช ูŠุทูŠุฑ ุนุจุฑ ุจุณุชุงู† ู…ู† ุชูุงุญุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุฑู‰ ุฅุซู†ุงู† ู…ู† ุฑูู‚ุงุฆู‡ ูŠูุนู„ุงู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุฃูŠุณุฑ.
Here you'll see robots traveling through an apple orchard, and in a minute you'll see two of its companions doing the same thing on the left side.
ู…ุง ุชูุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุจูˆุชุงุช ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุจู†ูŠ ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ู„ู„ุจุณุชุงู†.
And what they're doing is essentially building a map of the orchard.
ูˆุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ู†ุจุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุณุชุงู†.
Within the map is a map of every plant in this orchard.
ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ูƒูŠู ุชุจุฏูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุฑุงุฆุท.
Let's see what those maps look like.
ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ุณุชุฑูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุนู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑูˆุจูˆุช.
In the next video, you'll see the cameras that are being used on this robot.
ููŠ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉ.
On the top-left is essentially a standard color camera.
ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง ุฃุดุนุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก.
On the left-center is an infrared camera.
ูˆููŠ ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ.
And on the bottom-left is a thermal camera.
ูˆุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุชุฑูˆู† ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุซู„ุงุซูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ู„ูƒู„ ุดุฌุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุณุชุงู† ุญูŠู†ู…ุง ุชุนุจุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณุชุดุนุงุฑ.
And on the main panel, you're seeing a three-dimensional reconstruction of every tree in the orchard as the sensors fly right past the trees.
ู…ุชุณู„ุญูŠู† ุจู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก.
Armed with information like this, we can do several things.
ุงู„ุดูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ุจุณูŠุท ุฌุฏู‹ุง: ุญุณุงุจ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุซู…ุงุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดุฌุฑุฉ.
The first and possibly the most important thing we can do is very simple: count the number of fruits on every tree.
ุจูุนู„ูƒ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ูุฅู†ูƒ ุชุฎุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุน ูƒู… ุซู…ุฑุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดุฌุฑุฉ ูˆุจู‡ุฐุง ุชุนุทูŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุตูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุณุชุงู†ุŒ ูˆุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ู„ูŠูˆุงูƒุจ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ.
By doing this, you tell the farmer how many fruits she has in every tree and allow her to estimate the yield in the orchard, optimizing the production chain downstream.
ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐ ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชุงุช ูˆุฅู†ุดุงุก ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏุŒ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ุญุฌู… ุธู„ ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉุŒ ุซู… ุฑุจุท ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุธู„ ุจุญุฌู… ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดุฌุฑุฉ.
The second thing we can do is take models of plants, construct three-dimensional reconstructions, and from that estimate the canopy size, and then correlate the canopy size to the amount of leaf area on every plant.
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุณู…ูŠ ู…ุคุดุฑ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ.
And this is called the leaf area index.
ูุฅุฐุง ุนุฑูุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุคุดุฑุŒ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ุซูŠู„ ุงู„ุถูˆุฆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู†ุจุชุฉ. ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฎุจุฑูƒ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุฏูŠ ุตุญูŠู‘ุฉ ูƒู„ ู†ุจุชุฉ.
So if you know this leaf area index, you essentially have a measure of how much photosynthesis is possible in every plant, which again tells you how healthy each plant is.
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุจุตุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุชุญุช ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุกุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฅุญุตุงุก ุงู„ู…ุคุดุฑุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ุคุดุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุญุฏ ู„ุชุจุงูŠู† ุงู„ุบุทุงุก ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠ.
By combining visual and infrared information, we can also compute indices such as NDVI.
ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุตูŠู„ ู„ูŠุณุช ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูƒุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
And in this particular case, you can essentially see there are some crops that are not doing as well as other crops.
ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒู‡ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุจุตุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุชูƒุงู…ู„ ูƒู„ุงู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุจุตุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุชุญุช ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก.
This is easily discernible from imagery, not just visual imagery but combining both visual imagery and infrared imagery.
ูˆุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ ุดูŠุก ู†ุญู† ู…ู‡ุชู…ูˆู† ุจู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุดู ุงู„ู…ุจูƒุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุฎุถุฑุงุฑ. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู† ุฅุตูุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงู‚.
And then lastly, one thing we're interested in doing is detecting the early onset of chlorosis -- and this is an orange tree -- which is essentially seen by yellowing of leaves.
ูˆุงู„ุฑูˆุจูˆุชุงุช ุชุทูŠุฑ ููˆู‚ู‡ุง ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฅูƒุชุดุงู ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠ ุชู… ุชุฑุณู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑู‹ุง ู„ู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุน ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุณุชุงู†.
But robots flying overhead can easily spot this autonomously and then report to the farmer that he or she has a problem in this section of the orchard.
ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ูƒู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ูุนู„ู‹ุง ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู†ุง. ูˆู†ุชุตูˆุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุตูŠู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุชุญุณู† ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 10% ูˆุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุชุฎููŠุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุตุฑูุงุชุŒ ูƒุงู„ู…ุงุก ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 25% ุนู†ุฏ ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃุณุฑุงุจ ุงู„ุฑูˆุจูˆุชุงุช ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ
Systems like this can really help, and we're projecting yields that can improve by about ten percent and, more importantly, decrease the amount of inputs such as water by 25 percent by using aerial robot swarms.
ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ ุฃูˆุฏ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุชุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฅูƒุชุดู ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ูŠุงุด ู…ูˆู„ุบูˆู†ูƒุงุฑ ูˆุณูƒุงู†ุบ ู„ูŠูˆ ูˆุฌูˆุฒูŠู ู„ูˆูŠุงู†ูˆุŒ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูˆู† ุนู† ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฑุฃูŠุชู…ูˆู‡ุง.
Lastly, I want you to applaud the people who actually create the future, Yash Mulgaonkar, Sikang Liu and Giuseppe Loianno, who are responsible for the three demonstrations that you saw.
ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
Thank you.
ู‡ู„ ุชุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุณูˆู ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃูุถู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉุŸ
Do you think the world is going to be a better place next year?
ููŠ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุŸ
In the next decade?
ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูˆุนุŒ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ู ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎุŒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฎู„ุงู„ 15 ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉุŸ
Can we end hunger, achieve gender equality, halt climate change, all in the next 15 years?
ูˆููู‚ุง ู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ู†ุนู… ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน.
Well, according to the governments of the world, yes we can.
ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุงู„ุชู‚ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒุŒ ูˆุงุชูู‚ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุถุน ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุญุชู‰ ุนุงู… ูขู ูฃู .
In the last few days, the leaders of the world, meeting at the UN in New York, agreed a new set of Global Goals for the development of the world to 2030.
ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ: ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ู‡ูŠ ู†ุชุงุฌ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุดุงูˆุฑ ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ุงู„ู†ุทุงู‚.
And here they are: these goals are the product of a massive consultation exercise.
ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ
The Global Goals are who we, humanity, want to be.
ูˆุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุทุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุขู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŸ
Now that's the plan, but can we get there?
ู‡ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ูุนู„ุงู‹ ุฃู† ุชุชุญู‚ู‚ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุŸ
Can this vision for a better world really be achieved?
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฃุฌุฑูŠู†ุง ุญุณุงุจุงุช ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ุจุดูƒู„ู ุตุงุฏู…ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฑุจู…ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน.
Well, I'm here today because we've run the numbers, and the answer, shockingly, is that maybe we actually can.
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ูƒุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ.
But not with business as usual.
ูˆุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุณูŠุตุจุญ ู…ูƒุงู†ุง ุฃูุถู„ ุฑุจู…ุง ุชุจุฏูˆ ูˆู‡ู…ูŠู‘ุฉ.
Now, the idea that the world is going to get a better place may seem a little fanciful.
ุดุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ูˆุณุชู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูŠุณูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุก ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู….
Watch the news every day and the world seems to be going backwards, not forwards.
ูˆู„ู†ูƒู† ุตุฑูŠุญูŠู†: ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดูƒูˆูƒ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠุญุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุงู„ุขุชูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
And let's be frank: it's pretty easy to be skeptical about grand announcements coming out of the UN.
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒู…ุŒ ุฃูˆู‚ููˆุง ุดูƒูˆูƒูƒู… ู„ู„ุญุธุฉ.
But please, I invite you to suspend your disbelief for just a moment.
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุนุงู… 2001ุŒ ูˆุงูู‚ุช ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงูุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุฅู†ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู„ููŠุฉ.
Because back in 2001, the UN agreed another set of goals, the Millennium Development Goals.
ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ูƒุงู† ุชุฎููŠุถ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ุงู„ูู‚ุฑ ุจุญู„ูˆู„ 2015.
And the flagship target there was to halve the proportion of people living in poverty by 2015.
ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฏู ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุทู„ู‚ 1990ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุนุงุด 36% ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุŒ ู„ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ 18% ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ.
The target was to take from a baseline of 1990, when 36 percent of the world's population lived in poverty, to get to 18 percent poverty this year.
ู‡ู„ ุญู‚ู‚ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‡ุฏูุŸ
Did we hit this target?
ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ู„ุงุŒ ู„ู… ู†ุญู‚ู‚ ุฐู„ูƒ.
Well, no, we didn't.
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒู†ุง ุฐู„ูƒ.
We exceeded it.
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉุŒ ุณูŠู†ุฎูุถ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ 12%.
This year, global poverty is going to fall to 12 percent.
ุญุงู„ูŠุงุŒ ู…ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุฌูŠุฏุง ุจู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠุŒ ูˆู…ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ู„ูŠุฆุง ุจุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„.
Now, that's still not good enough, and the world does still have plenty of problems.
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุชุดุงุฆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูุถู„ ู‡ู… ุจูƒู„ู‘ ุจุณุงุทุฉ ู…ูุฎุทุฆูˆู†.
But the pessimists and doomsayers who say that the world can't get better are simply wrong.
ุฅุฐู† ูƒูŠู ุชู…ูƒู†ุง ู…ู† ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญุŸ
So how did we achieve this success?
ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู† ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ.
Well, a lot of it was because of economic growth.
ุจุนุถ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุจู„ุฏุงู† ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุดู‡ุฏุช ู†ู…ูˆุง ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุง ุณุฑูŠุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ.
Some of the biggest reductions in poverty were in countries such as China and India, which have seen rapid economic growth in recent years.
ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฌุนู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูŠู„ุฉ ุชู†ุฌุญ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŸ
So can we pull off the same trick again?
ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุŸ
Can economic growth get us to the Global Goals?
ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู„ู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ ู†ุญู† ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ู…ูƒุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุบุจูˆุฑู‡ุง.
Well, to answer that question, we need to benchmark where the world is today against the Global Goals and figure out how far we have to travel.
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุณู‡ู„ุงุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุทู…ูˆุญุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉ ุฌุฏุง.
But that ain't easy, because the Global Goals aren't just ambitious, they're also pretty complicated.
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 17 ุบุงูŠุฉ ูุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู 169 ู‡ุฏูุง ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฆุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคุดุฑุงุช.
Over 17 goals, there are then 169 targets and literally hundreds of indicators.
ูˆุฃูŠุถุง ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ู…ุญุฏู‘ุฏุฉ ุฌุฏู‘ุง -- ุงู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูˆุน ู…ุซู„ุง-- ุฅู„ุง ุฅู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุบุงู…ุถุฉ ุฌุฏุง -- ู…ุซู„ ุชุนุฒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชุณุงู…ุญุฉ.
Also, while some of the goals are pretty specific -- end hunger -- others are a lot vaguer -- promote peaceful and tolerant societies.
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉุŒ ุณุฃุณุชุนู…ู„ ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ุชูุณู…ู‘ู‰ ู…ูุคุดู‘ุฑ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ.
So to help us with this benchmarking, I'm going to use a tool called the Social Progress Index.
ูŠู‚ูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุคุดุฑ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุนู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠูู„ุฎู‘ุตู‡ุง ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ูˆุชุชุจู‘ุน ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช.
What this does is measures all the stuff the Global Goals are trying to achieve, but sums it up into a single number that we can use as our benchmark and track progress over time.
ูŠุทุฑุญ ู ู…ูุคุดู‘ุฑ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ 3 ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน.
The Social Progress Index basically asks three fundamental questions about a society.
ุฃูˆู„ุงุŒ ู‡ู„ ูŠุชู…ุชุน ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุจุฃุณุงุณูŠุงุช ุงู„ุนูŠุด: ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ูˆุงู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ุฃูˆู‰ ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุงู†ุŸ
First of all, does everyone have the basic needs of survival: food, water, shelter, safety?
ุซุงู†ูŠุงุŒ ู‡ู„ ูŠุชู…ุชุน ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุจุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฃูุถู„: ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู… ูˆุงู„ุตุญุฉ ูˆุจูŠุฆุฉ ู…ุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉุŸ
Secondly, does everyone have the building blocks of a better life: education, information, health and a sustainable environment?
ูˆู‡ู„ ูŠู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ุชุญุณูŠู† ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู…ุŒ ุจุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ูˆุญุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชุญุฑุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุทูˆุฑุฉุŸ
And does everyone have the opportunity to improve their lives, through rights, freedom of choice, freedom from discrimination, and access to the world's most advanced knowledge?
ูŠูู„ุฎู‘ุต ู…ูุคุดู‘ุฑ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ูƒู„ู‘ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ 52 ู…ูุคุดุฑุง ู„ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุชุชุฑุงูˆุญ ุจูŠู† 0 ูˆ100.
The Social Progress Index sums all this together using 52 indicators to create an aggregate score on a scale of 0 to 100.
ูˆูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุชู†ูˆู‘ุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
And what we find is that there's a wide diversity of performance in the world today.
ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุดู‡ุฏ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃุฏุงุก ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุฑูˆูŠุฌ ุจู…ุนุฏู„ 88.
The highest performing country, Norway, scores 88.
ูˆุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุฐูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฏู†ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุฅูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰ุŒ ุจู…ุนุฏู„ 31.
The lowest performing country, Central African Republic, scores 31.
ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฌู…ุน ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุนุงุŒ ู„ุชุฑุฌูŠุญ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุฃุญุฌุงู… ุงู„ุณูƒุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 61.
And we can add up all the countries together, weighting for the different population sizes, and that global score is 61.
ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู„ู…ูˆุณุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ู…ุชูˆุณุท ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ูƒู…ุง ููŠ ูƒูˆุจุง ูˆูƒุงุฒุฎุณุชุงู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
In concrete terms, that means that the average human being is living on a level of social progress about the same of Cuba or Kazakhstan today.
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…: 61 ู…ู† 100.
That's where we are today: 61 out of 100.
ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŸ
What do we have to get to to achieve the Global Goals?
ุญุงู„ูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุชุฏู„ู‘ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทู…ูˆุญุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณุช ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุฑูˆูŠุฌ ููŠ 15 ุนุงู…ุง ูู‚ุท.
Now, the Global Goals are certainly ambitious, but they're not about turning the world into Norway in just 15 years.
ุฅุฐู† ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู…ุŒ ุญุณุจ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑูŠ ู…ุนุฏู„ 75 ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ูุฒุฉ ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ููŠ ุตุงู„ุญ ุฑูุงู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูู‚ุทุŒ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ูƒุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู„ู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ.
So having looked at the numbers, my estimate is that a score of 75 would not only be a giant leap forward in human well-being, it would also count as hitting the Global Goals target.
ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฏูู†ุง ู‡ูˆ 75 ู…ู† 100.
So there's our target, 75 out of 100.
ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŸ
Can we get there?
ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ู…ุคุดุฑุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุงุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆูƒู…ุง ู„ุงุญุธุชู…ุŒ ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุคุดุฑุงุช ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ุงุชุฌ ู…ุญู„ูŠ ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ ุจู…ุคุดุฑ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ.
Well, the Social Progress Index can help us calculate this, because as you might have noticed, there are no economic indicators in there; there's no GDP or economic growth in the Social Progress Index model.
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠูุญูŠู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูู‡ู… ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ ูˆุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ.
And what that lets us do is understand the relationship between economic growth and social progress.
ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุฑูŠูƒู… ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุทุท.
Let me show you on this chart.
ุฅุฐู† ูˆุถุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุŒ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุนู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ุง.
So here on the vertical axis, I've put social progress, the stuff the Global Goals are trying to achieve.
ูƒู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูƒุงู† ุฃุญุณู†.
Higher is better.
ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุŒ ู…ุชูˆุณุท ุงู„ูุฑุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ.
And then on the horizontal axis, is GDP per capita.
ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃุบู†ู‰.
Further to the right means richer.
ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณูˆู ุฃุถุน ูƒู„ ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ูƒู„ ุจู„ุฏ ุณุฃู…ุซู‘ู„ู‡ ุจู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุณุฃุถุน ุฎุท ุงู„ุงู†ุญุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุจูŠู‘ู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ.
And in there, I'm now going to put all the countries of the world, each one represented by a dot, and on top of that I'm going to put the regression line that shows the average relationship.
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุจุฃู†ู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุง ู†ุตุจุญ ุฃุบู†ู‰ุŒ ูŠุชุญุณู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ.
And what this tells us is that as we get richer, social progress does tend to improve.
ุจูŠู†ู…ุงุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุง ุฃุตุจุญู†ุง ุฃุบู†ู‰ุŒ ูƒู„ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุฅุถุงููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ูŠุดุชุฑูŠ ู„ู†ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุฃู‚ู„ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ.
However, as we get richer, each extra dollar of GDP is buying us less and less social progress.
ูˆุงู„ุขู† ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุจู†ุงุก ุชูˆู‚ู‘ุนุงุชู†ุง.
And now we can use this information to start building our forecast.
ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ููŠ ุณู†ุฉ 2015.
So here is the world in 2015.
ุงุฑุชูุน ู…ุนุฏู‘ู„ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ู„ูŠุจู„ุบ 61 ูˆู…ุนุฏู‘ู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ูุฑุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ 14,000$.
We have a social progress score of 61 and a GDP per capita of $14,000.
ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฏู‘ู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุณุนู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจู„ูˆุบู‡ุŒ ุชุฐูƒู‘ุฑูˆุงุŒ ู‡ูˆ 75ุŒ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ.
And the place we're trying to get to, remember, is 75, that Global Goals target.
ุจู„ุบ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏู‘ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู…ุนุฏู‘ู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ูุฑุฏ 14,000$.
So here we are today, $14,000 per capita GDP.
ูƒู… ุณู†ุตุจุญ ุฃุบู†ู‰ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2030ุŸ
How rich are we going to be in 2030?
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู…ุนุฑูุชู‡ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุง.
That's what we need to know next.
ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ู‘ุนุงุช ุชุฃุชูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูƒู‡ู‘ู†ุช ุจู…ุชูˆุณู‘ุท ู†ู…ูˆู‘ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ ูŠุจู„ุบ 3.1 % ุฎู„ุงู„ 15 ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุจู„ุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุณู†ุฉ 2030ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุตุญูŠุญุงุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุฏู‘ู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ูุฑุฏ 23,000$.
Well, the best forecast we can find comes from the US Department of Agriculture, which forecasts 3.1 percent average global economic growth over the next 15 years, which means that in 2030, if they're right, per capita GDP will be about $23,000.
ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูˆ: ุฅุฐุง ุจู„ุบู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฌู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุซุฑุงุกุŒ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณู†ุจู„ุบู‡ุŸ
So now the question is: if we get that much richer, how much social progress are we going to get?
ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุณุฃู„ู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุตูŠู† ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠูŠู† ุจุฏูŠู„ูˆูŠุช ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุนุงูŠู†ูˆุง ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ูˆุนุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ุง ุญูŠุซ ุฑุฌุนูˆุง ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุงุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุนุฏู‘ู„ ุซุฑูˆุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูŠุฑุชูุน ู…ู† 14,000 $ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ 23,000$ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ุณูŠุดู‡ุฏ ุงุฑุชูุงุนุง ู…ู† 61 ุฅู„ู‰ 62.4.
Well, we asked a team of economists at Deloitte who checked and crunched the numbers, and they came back and said, well, look: if the world's average wealth goes from $14,000 a year to $23,000 a year, social progress is going to increase from 61 to 62.4.
ูู‚ุท 62.4ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุถุฆูŠู„.
Just 62.4. Just a tiny increase.
ุญุงู„ูŠุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุบุฑูŠุจุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง.
Now this seems a bit strange.
ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ ุณุงุนุฏ ุญู‚ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ุถุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ู‡ุงู…ู‘ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ.
Economic growth seems to have really helped in the fight against poverty, but it doesn't seem to be having much impact on trying to get to the Global Goals.
ุฅุฐู† ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุฑูŠุŸ
So what's going on?
ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุฆูŠู†.
Well, I think there are two things.
ุงู„ุฃูˆู‘ู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ุถุญุงูŠุง ู†ุฌุงุญุงุชู†ุง.
The first is that in a way, we're the victims of our own success.