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ุนูุฏู
ุง ุทูุจ ุจุฑุชูููู ู
ููุชุฑูุงู ุณุญุจ ูููุฑููููุฑููุฑุจูู ุชุฏุฑูุฌูุงูุ ูุฃู ุงููููุฑููููุฑููุฑุจูู ู
ูููุญูู
ูู ุงูุซูุจ ูู ุทุจูุฉ ุงูุฃูุฒููุ ูุงูุช ุงูู
ุฎุงุทุฑ ูุงุฆูุฉ.
|
When the Montreal Protocol called for the phasing out of CFCs, the chlorofluorocarbons implicated in the hole in the ozone layer, the risks were immense.
|
ูุงู ุงููููุฑููููุฑููุฑุจูู ูู ูู ู
ูุงูุ ู ูู
ูุนุฑู ุฃู ุดุฎุต ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ูู
ูู ุงูุนุซูุฑ ุนูู ุจุฏูู.
|
CFCs were everywhere, and nobody knew if a substitute could be found.
|
ููู ูุฑูู ูุงุญุฏ ู
ู ุงูุฐูู ูุจููุง ุงูุชุญุฏู ุงุนุชู
ุฏูุง ุนูู ุซูุงุซุฉ ู
ุจุงุฏุฆ ุฑุฆูุณูุฉ.
|
But one team that rose to the challenge adopted three key principles.
|
ุงูุฃูู ูุงู ุฑุฆูุณ ุงูููุฏุณุฉ ูุฑุงูู ู
ุงุณูู ูุงู ูู ููุฌุฏ ูุฌูู
ูู ูุฐุง ุงููุฑูู.
|
The first was the head of engineering, Frank Maslen, said, there will be no stars in this team.
|
ูุญู ูุญุชุงุฌ ุฅูู ุงูุฌู
ูุน.
|
We need everybody.
|
ูู ุดุฎุต ูู
ูู ู
ูุธูุฑุง ุตุงูุญุง.
|
Everybody has a valid perspective.
|
ุงูุซุงููุ ูุญู ูููู
ุจุงูุนู
ู ุนูู ู
ุนูุงุฑ ูุงุญุฏ ููุท: ุฃูุถู ู
ุง ูู
ูู ุชุตูุฑู.
|
Second, we work to one standard only: the best imaginable.
|
ู ุงูุซุงูุซุ ูุงู ูุฑุฆูุณู ุฌูู ุชุฏููุจ ุงูู ุฅุถุทุฑ ุฅูู ุงูุฎุฑูุฌุ ูุฃูู ูุงู ูุนุฑู ููู ูู
ูู ููููุฉ ุฃู ุชููู ู
ุฏู
ุฑุฉ.
|
And third, he told his boss, Geoff Tudhope, that he had to butt out, because he knew how disruptive power can be.
|
ุงูุขูุ ูุฐุง ูุง ูุนูู ุงู ุชุฏููุจ ูู
ููุนู ุดูุฆุงู.
|
Now, this didn't mean Tudhope did nothing.
|
ุฃุนุทู ูููุฑูู ุบุทุงุก ุฌููุ ู ูุงู ูุณุชู
ุน ููุถู
ู ุงููู
ุญุงูุธูุง ุนูู ู
ุจุงุฏุฆูู
.
|
He gave the team air cover, and he listened to ensure that they honored their principles.
|
ู ุจุงููุนู ูุฐุง ู
ุง ุญุฏุซ: ูุจู ูู ุงูุดุฑูุงุช ุงูุฃุฎุฑู ุงูุชู ุญุงููุช ู
ุนุงูุฌุฉ ูุฐู ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงูุตุนุจุฉุ ูุงูุช ูุฐู ูู ุงูู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ุงูุงููู ุงูุชู ุชูุถู ุนูู ุงูู
ุดููุฉ.
|
And it worked: Ahead of all the other companies tackling this hard problem, this group cracked it first.
|
ู ุญุชู ุงูุขูุ ุจุฑุชูููู ู
ููุชุฑูุงู ูู ุฃูุฌุญ ุงุชูุงููุฉ ุจูุฆูุฉ ุฏูููุฉ ููุฐุช ู
ู ุฃู ููุช ู
ุถู.
|
And to date, the Montreal Protocol is the most successful international environmental agreement ever implemented.
|
ูุงู ููุงู ุงููุซูุฑ ุนูู ุญุงูุฉ ุงูุฎุทุฑุ ู ููุฌุฏ ุงูุขู ุงููุซูุฑ ุนูู ุญุงูุฉ ุงูุฎุทุฑ ุงูุขูุ ููุญู ูู ูุญู ู
ุดุงูููุง ุฅุฐุง ููุง ูุชููุน ุฃู ูุชู
ุญููุง ู
ู ูุจู ุจุถุนุฉ ุฑุฌุงู ุณูุจุฑ ุฃู ูุณุงุก ุณูุจุฑ.
|
There was a lot at stake then, and there's a lot at stake now, and we won't solve our problems if we expect it to be solved by a few supermen or superwomen.
|
ูุญู ูุญุชุงุฌ ุงูุขู ููุฌู
ูุนุ ูุฃูู ุจู
ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู ูุชูุจู ุฃู ุงูุฌู
ูุน ูุฏูู ููู
ุฉ ุณูู ูุญุฑุฑ ุงูุทุงูุฉ ูุงูุฎูุงู ูุงูููุฉ ุงูุฏุงูุนุฉ ุงูุชู ูุญุชุงุฌูุง ูุฅูุดุงุก ุฃูุถู ู
ุง ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงูู
ููุงุณ.
|
Now we need everybody, because it is only when we accept that everybody has value that we will liberate the energy and imagination and momentum we need to create the best beyond measure.
|
ุดูุฑุงู.
|
Thank you.
|
ู
ูุฐ ุจุถุน ุณููุงุช. ุฃุตูุจุช ุฃู
ู ุจุงูุชูุงุจ ุงูู
ูุงุตู ุงูุฑูู
ุงุชูุฒู
ู.
|
A few years ago, my mom developed rheumatoid arthritis.
|
ุชูุฑูู
ุช ู
ูุงุตู ุงูุฑุณุบูู ูุงูุฑููุจุชูู ูุงูุฃุตุงุจุน ูุฏููุงุ ู
ูุณุจุจุฉ ุฃูู
ุง ู
ุฒู
ูุง.
|
Her wrists, knees and toes swelled up, causing crippling, chronic pain.
|
ููุงู ูุฌุจ ุฃู ูุชู
ุฅุฏุฑุงุญูุง ูู
ูุนุงูุฉ.
|
She had to file for disability.
|
ุชูููุช ุนู ุงูุฐูุงุจ ููู
ุณุฌุฏ ุงูู
ุญูู ูุฏููุง.
|
She stopped attending our local mosque.
|
ูู ุจุนุถ ุงูุฃูุงู
ุ ูุงู ูุคูู
ูุง ุฌุฏูุง ุฃู ุชูุธู ุฃุณูุงููุง.
|
Some mornings it was too painful for her to brush her teeth.
|
ููุช ุฃุฑูุฏ ุงูู
ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
|
I wanted to help.
|
ููููู ูู
ุฃุนูู
ููู
|
But I didn't know how.
|
ุฃูุง ูุณุช ุทุจูุจ
|
I'm not a doctor.
|
ุฃูุง ู
ุคุฑุฎ ููุทุจ.
|
So, what I am is a historian of medicine.
|
ูุฐููุ ุจุฏุฃุช ุฃุจุญุซ ูู ุชุงุฑูุฎ ุงูุฃูู
ุงูู
ุฒู
ู.
|
So I started to research the history of chronic pain.
|
ูุงุชุถุญ ูู ุฃู ุฌุงู
ุนุฉ ูุงููููุฑููุงุ ููุณ ุฃูุฌููุณ ูุฏููู
ุชุงุฑูุฎ ู
ุชูุงู
ู ุนู ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ู
ู ุงูุขูุงู
ูู ุฃุฑุดููุงุชูู
|
Turns out, UCLA has an entire history of pain collection in their archives.
|
ููุฌุฏุช ูุตุฉ.. ูุตุฉ ู
ุฐููุฉ ุนู ุฑุฌู ุฃููุฐ ุงูู
ูุงููู ู
ู ุงููุงุณ ู
ู ุงูุฃูู
.. ุฃูุงุณ ู
ุซู ุฃู
ู.
|
And I found a story -- a fantastic story -- of a man who saved -- rescued -- millions of people from pain; people like my mom.
|
ููููู ูู
ุฃูู ูุฏ ุณู
ุนุช ุนูู ุจุนุฏ.
|
Yet, I had never heard of him.
|
ูู
ููู ููุงู ุณูุฑ ุฐุงุชูุฉ ุนูู. ููุง ุฃููุงู
ููููููุฏูุฉ
|
There were no biographies of him, no Hollywood movies.
|
ูุงู ุงุณู
ู ุฌูู ุฌ. ุจููููุง.
|
His name was John J. Bonica.
|
ูููู ุนูุฏู
ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ูุตุชูุงุ ูุงู ููุนุฑู ุฃูุถู ุจู ุฌููู "ุจูู" ูุงููุฑุฒ
|
But when our story begins, he was better known as Johnny "Bull" Walker.
|
ูุงู ููู
ูุง ุตููููุง ูู 1941
|
It was a summer day in 1941.
|
ููุฏ ูุตู ุงูุณูุฑู ููุชู ุฅูู ู
ุฏููุฉ ุจุฑูููููุฏ ุงูุตุบูุฑุฉุ ูููููุฑู
|
The circus had just arrived in the tiny town of Brookfield, New York.
|
ุชุฏูู ุงูู
ุชูุฑุฌูู ููุดุงูุฏูุง ุงูุณุงุฆุฑูู ุนูู ุงูุฃุณูุงูุ ุงูู
ูุฑุฌูู ุงูู
ูุดุฑูุฏูู ูุฅู ูุงููุง ู
ุญุธูุธูู: ุงูุตูุงุฑูุฎ ุงูุจุดุฑูุฉ.
|
Spectators flocked to see the wire-walkers, the tramp clowns -- if they were lucky, the human cannonball.
|
ูุฌุงุกูุง ุฃูุถูุง ููุดุงูุฏูุง ุงูุฑุฌู ุงูููู: ุฌููู "ุจูู" ูุงููุฑ ุงูุจูุทุฌู ู
ูุชูู ุงูุนุถูุงุช ุงูุฐู ูุฏ ููุชู ุจู ู
ู ุฃุฌู ุฏููุงุฑ.
|
They also came to see the strongman, Johnny "Bull" Walker, a brawny bully who'd pin you for a dollar.
|
ุชุนูู
ููุ ูู ูุฐุง ุงูููู
ุฎุตูุตูุงุ ุตุฏุญ ุตูุช ู
ุง ูู ุฃุฑุฌุงุก ูุธุงู
ุงูุณูุฑู
|
You know, on that particular day, a voice rang out over the circus P.A. system.
|
ููุฏ ุงุญุชุงุฌูุง ูุทุจูุจ ุนูู ูุฌู ุงูุณุฑุนุฉ ูู ุฎูู
ุฉ ุงูุญููุงูุงุช ุงูุญูุฉ
|
They needed a doctor urgently, in the live animal tent.
|
ุญุฏุซ ุฎุทุจ ู
ุง ูู
ุฑูุถ ุงูุฃุณูุฏ
|
Something had gone wrong with the lion tamer.
|
ุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุฃุฎูุฑ ู
ู ุนุฑุถู ูู
ูุชู
ุฌูุฏูุง ูุฑุฃุณู ุญูุดุฑุช ุฏุงุฎู ูู
ุงูุฃุณุฏ.
|
The climax of his act had gone wrong, and his head was stuck inside the lion's mouth.
|
ูุจุฏุง ูููุฐ ู
ู ุญููู ุงูููุงุก ุงูุญุดุฏ ุฃุฎุฐ ูุดุงูุฏู ูู ูุฒุน ููู ูุตุงุฑุน ุซู
ููู ูููุฏ ุงููุนู
|
He was running out of air; the crowd watched in horror as he struggled and then passed out.
|
ุฃุฎูุฑูุง ุนูุฏู
ุง ุฃุฑุฎูู ุงูุฃุณุฏ ููููุ ุงูุฒูู ุงูู
ุฑูุถ ุฅูู ุงูุฃุฑุถุ ุจูุง ุญุฑุงู
|
When the lion finally did relax its jaws, the lion tamer just slumped to the ground, motionless.
|
ูุนูุฏู
ุง ุนุงุฏ ูููุนู ุจุนุฏ ุจุถุน ุฏูุงุฆู ุฑุฃู ูุฌููุง ู
ุฃููููุง ููุญูู ุนููู
|
When he came to a few minutes later, he saw a familiar figure hunched over him.
|
ููุฏ ูุงู ุจูู ูุงููุฑ
|
It was Bull Walker.
|
ุงูุฑุฌู ุงูููู ุฃุนุทู ู
ุฑูุถ ุงูุฃุณูุฏ ุชููุณูุง ุตูุงุนููุง ุจุงููู
ูุฃููุฐ ุญูุงุชู
|
The strongman had given the lion tamer mouth-to-mouth, and saved his life.
|
ูุงูุขูุ ูุฐุง ุงูุฑุฌู ุงูููู ูู
ูุฎุจุฑ ุฃุญุฏูุง ููููู ุญูููุฉู ูุงู ุทุงูุจูุง ูุฏุฑุณ ุงูุทุจ ูู ุนุงู
ู ุงูุซุงูุซ
|
Now, the strongman hadn't told anyone, but he was actually a third-year medical student.
|
ูุงู ูุชุฌูู ู
ุน ุงูุณูุฑู ูู ุงูุตูู ููุฏูุน ูุฏุฑูุณู ููููู ุฃุจูุงู ุณุฑูุง ููุญูุธ ุดุฎุตูุชู
|
He toured with the circus during summers to pay tuition, but kept it a secret to protect his persona.
|
ูุงู ู
ูุชุฑุถูุง ุฃู ูููู ูุญุดูุงุ ูุบุฏุง ููุณ ู
ุฌุชูุฏูุง ููุนู ุงูุฎูุฑ
|
He was supposed to be a brute, a villain -- not a nerdy do-gooder.
|
ูู
ูุนุฑู ุฒู
ูุงุคู ูู ุงูุทุจ ุณุฑู ุฃูุถูุง
|
His medical colleagues didn't know his secret, either.
|
ูุฃูู ุงุนุชูุฏ ุฃู "ุฅุฐุง ููุช ุฑูุงุถููุงุ ูุฃูุช ุดุฎุต ุฃุญู
ู"
|
As he put it, "If you were an athlete, you were a dumb dodo."
|
ูุฐูู ููู ูู
ูุฎุจุฑูู
ุนู ุงูุณูุฑู ููุง ุนู ุฃูู ููู ูุตุงุฑุน ุจุงุญุชุฑุงู ูู ุงูุฃู
ุณูุงุช ููู ุงูุนุทูุงุช.
|
So he didn't tell them about the circus, or about how he wrestled professionally on evenings and weekends.
|
ูุงุณุชุฎุฏู
ุงุณู
ูุง ู
ุณุชุนุงุฑูุง ู
ุซู ุจูู ูุงููุฑ ุฃู ูุงุญููุง: ุงูู
ุนุฌุฒุฉ ุงูู
ูููุน
|
He used a pseudonym like Bull Walker, or later, the Masked Marvel.
|
ูุฃุฎูู ุณุฑู ุฃูุถูุง ูู ุฐุงู ุงูุนุงู
ุงูุฐู ุชูุฌ ููู ุจุทููุง ููุฃูุฒุงู ุงูุฎูููุฉ ุนูู ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุนุงูู
.
|
He even kept it a secret that same year, when he was crowned the Light Heavyweight Champion of the world.
|
ูุนูู ู
ุฑ ุงูุณููุงุชุ ุนุงุด ุฌูู ุฌ. ุจููููุง ูุฐูู ุงูุนุงูู
ูู ุงูู
ุชูุงุฒููู
|
Over the years, John J. Bonica lived these parallel lives.
|
ูุงู ู
ุตุงุฑุนูุง ููุงู ุทุจูุจูุง.
|
He was a wrestler; he was a doctor.
|
ูุงู ู
ุนุงูุฌูุง ููุงู ุจุทููุง
|
He was a heel; he was a hero.
|
ุชุณุจุจ ูู ุงูุฃูู
ูุนุงูุฌู.
|
He inflicted pain, and he treated it.
|
ููู
ููู ูุนูู
ูู ุญูููุงุ ูููู ุทูุงู ุงูุฎู
ุณ ุนููุฏ ุงูุชุงููุฉ ูุงู ุนููู ุฃู ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูุฐู ุงููููุฉ ุงูู
ุฒุฏูุฌุฉ ูุตูุงุบุฉ ุทุฑููุฉ ุฌุฏูุฏุฉ ููููุง ููุชูููุฑ ูู ุงูุฃูู
.
|
And he didnโt know it at the time, but over the next five decades, he'd draw on these dueling identities to forge a whole new way to think about pain.
|
ูุฐู ุงูุทุฑููุฉ ุณุชุบูุฑ ุงูุทุจ ุงูุญุฏูุซ ูุซูุฑูุงุ ูุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู ุจุนุฏ ุนุฏุฉ ุนููุฏุ ู
ุฌูุฉ ุงูุชุงูู
ุฃุทููุช ุนููู ุงูุฃุจ ุงูุฑูุญู ูุชุฃุณูุณ ู
ุณููุงุช ุงูุฃูู
|
It'd change modern medicine so much so, that decades later, Time magazine would call him pain relief's founding father.
|
ูููู ูู ูุฐุง ุญุฏุซ ู
ุคุฎุฑูุง
|
But that all happened later.
|
ูู ุนุงู
1942ุ ุชุฎุฑุฌ ุจููููุง ู
ู ูููุฉ ุงูุทุจ ูุชุฒูุฌ ู
ู ุฅูู
ุง ุญุจูุจุชู ุงูุชู ุงูุชูู ุจูุง ูู ุฃุญุฏู ู
ุจุงุฑูุงุชู ูุจู ุนุฏุฉ ุณููุงุช
|
In 1942, Bonica graduated medical school and married Emma, his sweetheart, whom he had met at one of his matches years before.
|
ุธู ูุตุงุฑุน ูู ุงูุณุฑุ ูุงู ู
ุถุทุฑูุง.
|
He still wrestled in secret -- he had to.
|
ูุชุฑุชู ุงูุชุฏุฑูุจูุฉ ูู ู
ุณุชุดูู ุงููุณ ููุณูุช ุจูููููุฑู ูู
ุชุฌูุจ ูู ุงูู
ุงู ุงููุงูู
|
His internship at New York's St. Vincent's Hospital paid nothing.
|
ุฃุฎุฐ ูุตุงุฑุน ุจุญุฒุงู
ุงูุจุทููุฉ ูู ุฃู
ุงูู ุฐุงุช ุชุฐุงูุฑ ุจููู
ุฉ ูุจูุฑุฉ ู
ุซู ุญุฏููุฉ ุณูููุฑ ู
ุงุฏูุณููุ ุถุฏ ู
ูุงูุณูู ูุจุงุฑ ู
ุซู ุฅูุฑูุช "ุงูุฏุจ ุงูุฃุดูุฑ" ู
ุงุฑุดุงู ุฃู ุจุทู ุงูุนุงูู
ูุซูุงุซ ู
ุฑุงุชุ ุฃูุฌููู ุณุงูููุฏู.
|
With his championship belt, he wrestled in big-ticket venues, like Madison Square Garden, against big-time opponents, like Everett "The Blonde Bear" Marshall, or three-time world champion, Angelo Savoldi.
|
ุงูู
ุจุงุฑูุงุช ุณุจุจุช ุชุดููุงุช ูู ุฌุณุฏู ููุฏ ู
ุฒู ู
ูุตู ุงููุฑู ู ูุณุฑ ุถููุนูุง.
|
The matches took a toll on his body; he tore hip joints, fractured ribs.
|
ุฐุงุช ูููุฉุ ุชุณุจุจ ุงูุฅุตุจุน ุงููุจูุฑ ู "ุงูุชุฑูู ุงูู
ุฑูุน" ูู ูุฏุจุฉ ู
ุซู ูุฏุจุฉ ูุงุจูู ุฃุณูู ุนูู ุฌุงูุจ ูุฌูู.
|
One night, The Terrible Turk's big toe scratched a scar like Capone's down the side of his face.
|
ูู ุงูุตุจุงุญ ุงูุชุงูู ูุงู ุนููู ุฃู ูุฑุชุฏู ููุงุน ุฌุฑุงุญุฉ ูู ูุฎูููุง.
|
The next morning at work, he had to wear a surgical mask to hide it.
|
ุฏุฎู ุจููููุง ู
ุฑุชูู ุฅูู ุบุฑูุฉ ุงูุฌุฑุงุญุฉ ุจุนูู ู
ูุฏูู
ุฉ ููู
ูุชู
ูู ู
ู ุงูุฑุคูุฉ ุฎูุงููุง
|
Twice Bonica showed up to the O.R. with one eye so bruised, he couldn't see out of it.
|
ูููู ุงูุฃุณูุก ูุงูุช ุฃุฐููู ุงูู
ูุชุฑุฆุชูู ุงูุชู ูุงูุช ุชุดุจู ุงููุฑูุจูุท.
|
But worst of all were his mangled cauliflower ears.
|
ูุงู ูููู ุฃูู ุดุนุฑ ุจูู
ุง ูุฃููู
ุง ุทุงุจุชูู ุนูู ุฌุงูุจู ูุฌูู
|
He said they felt like two baseballs on the sides of his head.
|
ุชูุงุตู ุชุฑุงูู
ุงูุฃูู
ูู ุญูุงุชู.
|
Pain just kept accumulating in his life.
|
ุจุนุฏูุงุ ุดุงูุฏ ุฒูุฌุชู ู ูู ุชุฏุฎู ุงูู
ุณุชุดูู ููููุงุฏุฉ
|
Next, he watched his wife go into labor at his hospital.
|
ูุงูุช ุชุฆู ูุชุฏูุน ู
ุชุฃูู
ุฉ ุจูุถูุญ
|
She heaved and pushed, clearly in anguish.
|
ูุงู
ุงูุทุจูุจ ุจู
ูุงุฏุงุฉ ุงูุทุจูุจ ุงูู
ุชุฏุฑุจ ุนูู ูุฌู ุงูุณุฑุนุฉ ููุนุทููุง ุจุถุน ูุทุฑุงุช ู
ู ุงููุญูู ูุชุฎููู ุฃูู
ูุง
|
Her obstetrician called out to the intern on duty to give her a few drops of ether to ease her pain.
|
ูููู ุงูุทุจูุจ ุงูู
ุชุฏุฑุจ ูุงู ุดุงุจูุง ูุงูุนูุง ูู
ููุถ 3 ุฃุณุงุจูุน ูู ุงููุธููุฉ ูุงู ู
ุชูุชุฑูุง ู ุฃุซูุงุก ุญูููุง ุจุงููุญููุ ุชููุฌุช ุญูุฌุฑุฉ ุฅูู
ุง.
|
But the intern was a young guy, just three weeks on the job -- he was jittery, and in applying the ether, irritated Emma's throat.
|
ูุชููุฃุช ูุงุฎุชููุชุ ูุจุฏุฃ ููููุง ูุดุญุจ
|
She vomited and choked, and started to turn blue.
|
ุจููููุง ุงูุฐู ูุงู ูุดุงูุฏ ูู ูุฐุง ูุงู
ุจุฏูุน ุงูุทุจูุจ ุงูู
ุชุฏุฑุจ ุจุนูุฏูุง ุนู ุทุฑููู ููุงู
ุจุชูููุฉ ู
ุณุงุฑ ุงูููุงุก ููุง ูุฃููุฐ ุญูุงุฉ ุฒูุฌุชู ูุงุจูุชู ุงูุชู ูู
ุชููุฏ ุจุนุฏ
|
Bonica, who was watching all this, pushed the intern out of the way, cleared her airway, and saved his wife and his unborn daughter.
|
ูู ุชูู ุงููุญุธุฉุ ูุฑุฑ ุจููููุง ุฃู ูููุจ ุญูุงุชู ูุนูู
ุงูุชุฎุฏูุฑ.
|
At that moment, he decided to devote his life to anesthesiology.
|
ูุงุญููุงุ ุณูู ูุณุงุนุฏ ูู ุชุทููุฑ ุงูู
ุณููุงุช ุงูููู ุงูุฌุงููุฉ ููุณูุฏุงุช ุงููุงุฏู
ุงุช ููููุงุฏุฉ
|
Later, he'd even go on to help develop the epidural, for delivering mothers.
|
ูููู ูุจู ุฃู ูุฑูุฒ ุนูู ุนูู
ุงูุชูููุฏ ูุงู ุนููู ุฃู ูุชูุฏู
ููุชุฏุฑูุจ ุงูุนุงู
.
|
But before he could focus on obstetrics, Bonica had to report for basic training.
|
ุทูุงู ุงูููู
ุธูุฑ ุจููููุง ูู ุงูู
ุฑูุฒ ุงูุทุจู ุงูุนุณูุฑู ุจู
ุงุฏูุฌุงู ูุฑุจ ุชุงููู
ุง
|
Right around D-Day, Bonica showed up to Madigan Army Medical Center, near Tacoma.
|
ูุงู ูุงุญุฏูุง ู
ู ุฃูุจุฑ ุงูู
ุณุชุดููุงุช ุงูุนุณูุฑูุฉ ูู ุฃู
ุฑููุง ุจุญูุงูู 7,700 ุณุฑูุฑ.
|
At 7,700 beds, it was one of the largest army hospitals in America.
|
ุจููููุง ูุงู ู
ุณุฆูููุง ุนู ูู ู
ุง ูู ู
ุชุนูู ุจุงูุชุญูู
ุจุงูุฃูู
ููุงู
|
Bonica was in charge of all pain control there.
|
ูุงู ุนู
ุฑู 27 ุนุงู
ูุง ููุท
|
He was only 27.
|
ูุจู
ุนุงูุฌุชู ููุนุฏูุฏ ู
ู ุงูู
ุฑุถูุ ุจุฏุฃ ุจููููุง ุจู
ูุงุญุธุฉ ุงูุญุงูุงุช ุงูุชู ุนุงุฑุถุช ูู ู
ุง ูุฏ ุชุนูู
ู.
|
Treating so many patients, Bonica started noticing cases that contradicted everything he had learned.
|
ูุงู ู
ู ุงูู
ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู ูููู ุงูุฃูู
ููุนูุง ู
ู ุฌุฑุณ ุฅูุฐุงุฑ.. ุจุทุฑููุฉ ุฌูุฏุฉ. ุทุฑููุฉ ุงูุฌุณู
ูู ุงูุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ููุฅุตุงุจุฉุ ู
ุซู ุฐุฑุงุน ู
ูุณูุฑ.
|
Pain was supposed to be a kind of alarm bell -- in a good way -- a body's way of signaling an injury, like a broken arm.
|
ูููู ูู ุจุนุถ ุงูุญุงูุงุช ุจุนุฏ ุงูููุงู
ุจุจุชุฑ ุณุงู ู
ุฑูุถ ูุงู ุงูู
ุฑูุถ ูุงูุฒุงู ูุดูู ู
ู ุงูุฃูู
ูู ุงููุฏู
ุงูุบูุฑ ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ.
|
But in some cases, like after a patient had a leg amputated, that patient might still complain of pain in that nonexistent leg.
|
ูููู ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ูุฏ ุชู
ุช ู
ุนุงูุฌุฉ ุงูุฃูู
ุ ูู
ุงุฐุง ุธู ุฌุฑุณ ุงูุงูุฐุงุฑ ูุฑูุ
|
But if the injury had been treated, why would the alarm bell keep ringing?
|
ููุงู ููุงู ุญุงูุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู ุญูุซ ูู
ููู ููุงู ุฏููู ุนูู ุงูุงุตุงุจุฉ ุฃู ู
ุง ุดุงุจู ูููู ู
ุงุฒุงู ุงูู
ุฑูุถ ูุดุนุฑ ุจุงูุฃูู
.
|
There were other cases in which there was no evidence of an injury whatsoever, and yet, still the patient hurt.
|
ุชุนูุจ ุจููููุง ูู ุงูู
ุฎุชุตูู ูู ุงูู
ุดูู.. ุงูุฌุฑุงุญููุ ุฃุทุจุงุก ุงูุฃุนุตุงุจุ ุงูุฃุทุจุงุก ุงูููุณูููุ ูุขุฎุฑูู.
|
Bonica tracked down all the specialists at his hospital -- surgeons, neurologists, psychiatrists, others.
|
ูุญุงูู ุฃู ูุฃุฎุฐ ุฑุฃููู
ูู ู
ุฑุถุงู
|
And he tried to get their opinions on his patients.
|
ูุงุณุชุบุฑู ูุฐุง ููุชูุง ุทูููุงุ ูุฐูู ุจุฏุฃ ุจุชูุธูู
ุงุฌุชู
ุงุนุงุช ุนูู ุงูุบุฏุงุก.
|
It took too long, so he started organizing group meetings over lunch.
|
ูุงูุช ุฃุดุจู ุจุฑุงุจุทุฉ ู
ู ุงูู
ุฎุชุตูู ูุฏููุง ู
ูุงุฌูุฉ ุฃูู
ุงูู
ุฑูุถ.
|
It would be like a tag team of specialists going up against the patient's pain.
|
ูู
ูุณุจู ูุฃู ุชูุงูู ุฃุญุฏ ุงูุฃูู
ุจูุฐู ุงูุทุฑููุฉ ู
ู ูุจู
|
No one had ever focused on pain this way before.
|
ุจุนุฏ ุฐููุ ุนูู ุนูู ุงููุชุจ
|
After that, he hit the books.
|
ูุฑุฃ ูู ูุชุงุจ ุทุจู ูุฏ ููุน ูู ู
ุชูุงููู ู
ุฏูููุง ุจุนูุงูุฉ ูู ู
ูุถุน ุฐูุฑ ููู ููู
ุฉ "ุฃูู
"
|
He read every medical textbook he could get his hands on, carefully noting every mention of the word "pain."
|
ูู
ู ุจูู 14,000 ุตูุญุฉ ูุฑุฃูุง ุฐููุฑุช ููู
ุฉ "ุฃูู
" ูู 17 ููุตู ู
ููู
|
Out of the 14,000 pages he read, the word "pain" was on 17 and a half of them.
|
ุณุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ููุตู!
|
Seventeen and a half.
|
ุนู ุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุฃูุซุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูุฉุ ุงูุฃูุซุฑ ุดููุนูุงุ ู ุงูุฃูุซุฑ ุตุนูุจุฉ ููููู ู
ุฑูุถ.
|
For the most basic, most common, most frustrating part of being a patient.
|
ุจููููุง ูุงู ู
ุตุฏูู
ุง.. ุฃูุง ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุจูุณุงููุ ููุฏ ูุงูุ "ู
ุง ูุฐุง ุงูุฅุณุชูุชุงุฌ ุจุญู ุงูุฌุญูู
ุงูุฐู ูุฏ ูุฎูุตูู ุจูุ
|
Bonica was shocked -- I'm quoting him, he said, "What the hell kind of conclusion can you come to there?
|
ุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุฃูุซุฑ ุฃูู
ูุฉ ู
ู ูุฌูุฉ ูุธุฑ ุงูู
ุฑูุถ ูู
ูุง ูุชุญุฏุซูู ุนูู"
|
The most important thing from the patient's perspective, they don't talk about."
|
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