ar
stringlengths
1
490
en
stringlengths
1
514
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ุซู‘ู„ ู†ุดุงุทุง ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุง , ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุญู„ูŠุจ ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ุฌู…ูŠุนุง.
And this is a business for her, but it's milk for everybody else.
ุฃุฏุฑูƒุช ูุฌุฃุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ู‡ุงุชู ุงู„ู…ุญู…ูˆู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู…ุซู‘ู„ ุงู„ุจู‚ุฑุฉ.
And suddenly I realized that a cell phone could be a cow.
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชู‚ุชุฑุถ 200 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ , ูˆุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ุงุชู ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‡ุงุชู ู„ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน.
Because some way she could borrow 200 dollars from the bank, get a phone and have the phone for everybody.
ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ู‘ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ู†ุดุงุทุง ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุง.
And it's a business for her.
ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุชุจุช ู„ู„ุจู†ูƒ , ููƒู‘ุฑูˆุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช , ุซู…ู‘ ุฃุฌุงุจูˆุง , "ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆู†, ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ู‡ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠู‘
So I wrote to the bank, and they thought for a while, and they said, "It's a little crazy, but logical.
ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡, ูุชุนุงู„ ูˆุงุฌุนู„ู‡ ูŠุชุญู‚ู‚".
If you think it can be done, come and make it happen."
ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุชุฑูƒุช ุนู…ู„ูŠ , ูˆุนุฏุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุจู†ุบู„ุงุฏูŠุด.
So I quit my job; I went back to Bangladesh.
ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุจุนุซ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุฏุนูˆู†ุงู‡ุง "ุฌูˆู†ูˆููˆู†", ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ุบุงู„ูŠุฉ "ู‡ุงุชู ุงู„ู†ุงุณ."
I created a company in America called Gonofone, which in Bengali means "people's phone."
ูˆู…ูŽูˆู‘ูŽู„ูŽ ู…ูุณู’ุชุซู…ุฑูˆ "ุฃู†ุฌู„" ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน.
And angel investors in America put in money into that.
ุชุฌูˆู‘ู„ุช ุจุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
I flew around the world.
ุจุนุฏ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† -- ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ูŠ ุชู…ู‘ ุฑูุถูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† , ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ูƒู†ุช ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ ูู‚ูŠุฑ, ูƒู†ุช ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ุฑ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ.
After about a million -- I mean, I got rejected from lots of places, because I was not only trying to go to a poor country, I was trying to go to the poor of the poor country.
ุจุนุฏ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ูŠู„ , ูˆ -- ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุนุฑ , ุชู…ูƒู‘ู†ุช ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู ู…ู† ุชุดูƒูŠู„ ุงุฆุชู„ุงู , ูˆ-- ุฌู…ุน ุจูŠู† ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุงุชู ุงู„ู†ุฑูˆูŠุฌูŠุฉ , ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆูุฑุช ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุฉ, ูˆู‚ุฏู‘ูŽู… ุจู†ูƒ "ุบุฑุงู…ูŠู†" ุงู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุฉ.
After about a million miles, and a meaningful -- a substantial loss of hair, I eventually put together a consortium, and -- which involved the Norwegian telephone company, which provided the know-how, and the Grameen Bank provided the infrastructure to spread the service.
ู„ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ, ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชุบุทูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ.
To make the story short, here is the coverage of the country.
ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุชุบุทูŠุฉ ุดู…ู„ุช ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ .
You can see it's pretty much covered.
ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุจู†ุบู„ุงุฏูŠุด , ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ูุงุฑุบุฉ.
Even in Bangladesh, there are some empty places.
ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุซู…ุฑู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง 300 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงุถุงููŠู‘ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู… ู„ุชูˆุณูŠุน ู†ุทุงู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบุทูŠุฉ.
But we are also investing around another 300 million dollars this year to extend that coverage.
ุงู„ุขู† , ุจุงู„ู†ู‘ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุจู‚ุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุญุฏุซุช ุนู†ู‡.
Now, about that cow model I talked about.
ูŠูˆุฌุฏ 115.000 ุดุฎุต ูŠู‚ุฏู‘ู…ูˆู† ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุงุชู ุจู†ุธุงู… ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฒุฆุฉ ููŠ ุฃุญูŠุงุฆู‡ู….
There are about 115,000 people who are retailing telephone services in their neighborhoods.
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฎุฏู… 52.000 ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ, ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠู…ุซู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 80 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู†ุณู…ุฉ.
And it's serving 52,000 villages, which represent about 80 million people.
ูˆ ุชูˆูุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ู†ุญูˆ 100 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ู„ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ.
And these phones are generating about 100 million dollars for the company.
ูˆุฏูˆู„ุงุฑูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุงุญ ู„ู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ , ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ุซู„ 700 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ.
And two dollars profit per entrepreneur per day, which is like 700 dollars per year.
ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุน, ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู‘ุคูˆู†.
And of course, it's very beneficial in a lot of ways.
ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฎู„ , ูˆูŠุญุณู† ุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ , ูˆู‡ู„ู… ุฌุฑุง.
It increases income, improves welfare, etc.
ูˆุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู‡ูŠ , ุญุงู„ูŠู‘ุง , ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู„ู„ู‡ุงุชู , ู…ุน 3.5 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ. 115,000 ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุฏุซุช ุนู†ู‡ุง, ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุชุฌ ู†ุญูˆ ุซู„ุซ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ.
And the result is, right now, this company is the largest telephone company, with 3.5 million subscribers, 115,000 of these phones I talked about -- that produces about a third of the traffic in the network.
ูˆููŠ ุณู†ุฉ 2004 , ุจู„ุบุช ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุงุญ ุงู„ุตุงููŠุฉ , ุจุนุฏ ุฎุตู… ุงู„ุถุฑุงุฆุจ -- ุถุฑุงุฆุจ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง -- 120 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ.
And 2004, the net profit, after taxes -- very serious taxes -- was 120 million dollars.
ูˆุณุงู‡ู…ุช ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชู…ูˆูŠู„ ุฎุฒูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุจู†ุญูˆ 190 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ.
And the company contributed about 190 million dollars to the government coffers.
ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰, ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏุฑูˆุณ.
And again, here are some of the lessons.
"ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุชูˆููŠุฑ ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุฌุฏูŠุฉ ".
"The government needs to provide economically viable services."
ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน , ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุน ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุงู† ุชูˆูุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ.
Actually, this is an instance where private companies can provide that.
"ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุนู… ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ".
"Governments need to subsidize private companies."
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุธู†ู‡ ุงู„ุจุนุถ.
This is what some people think.
ุญุงู„ูŠู‘ุง, ุชู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฏูุน ุงู„ุถุฑุงุฆุจ.
And actually, private companies help governments with taxes.
"ุฃุตุจุญ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ู…ุชู„ู‚ูŠู†."
"Poor people are recipients."
ูŠุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ู…ูˆุฑุฏุง.
Poor people are a resource.
"ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ู…ูƒู„ูุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก."
"Services cost too much for the poor."
ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุชู‡ู… ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ.
Their involvement reduces the cost.
"ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู† ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ู… ูุนู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ".
"The poor are uneducated and cannot do much."
ู‡ู… ู…ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุญุฑูŠุตูˆู† ุฌุฏุง ูˆู†ุงุฌูˆู† ุฐูˆ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ.
They are very eager learners and very capable survivors.
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ู…ู†ุฏู‡ุดุง ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
I've been very surprised.
ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ุชุนู„ู… ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ู‡ุงุชู ุฎู„ุงู„ ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงุญุฏ.
Most of them learn how to operate a telephone within a day.
"ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช".
"Poor countries need aid."
ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช -- ุชู…ูƒู‘ู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฑูุน -- ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 5 ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ , ุชู…ูƒู‘ู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฑูุน ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุจู„ุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู„ู‚ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ.
Businesses -- this one company has raised the -- if the ideal figures are even five percent true, this one company is raising the GNP of the country much more than the aid the country receives.
ูˆูƒู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃุธู‡ุฑ ู„ูƒู… , ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ู‚, ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ุชุณุจู‘ุจ ุงู„ุฃุถุฑุงุฑ , ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูุจู’ุนูุฏู ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู‡ุง.
And as I was trying to show you, as far as I'm concerned, aid does damages because it removes the government from its citizens.
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุดุฑูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุน "ุฏูŠู† ูƒุงู…ูŠู†" , ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุฑุน ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
And this is a new project I have with Dean Kamen, the famous inventor in America.
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ุชุฌ ุจุนุถ ู…ูˆู„ุฏุงุช ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก , ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุญุงู„ูŠู‘ุง ุจุชุฌุฑุจุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุจู†ุบู„ุงุฏูŠุด, ููŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุชูŠู† ูŠูู†ู’ุชูŽุฌู ููŠู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠ ุจุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุณู…ุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู‚ุฑ, ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุดุบูŠู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุฏุงุช.
He has produced some power generators, which we are now doing an experiment in Bangladesh, in two villages where cow manure is producing biogas, which is running these generators.
ูˆูƒูู„ู‘ูŒ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุฏุงุช ูŠุจูŠุน ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ 20 ู…ู†ุฒู„ุง ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุง.
And each of these generators is selling electricity to 20 houses each.
ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ.
It's just an experiment.
ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ุฏู‰ ุณูˆู ุชุตู„, ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุชุชู‚ุฏู‘ู….
We don't know how far it will go, but it's going on.
ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู….
Thank you.
ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงุฎูŠููƒู…, ู„ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุนู† ุงู„ุฎูˆู. ุตุญูŠุญ ุŸ
I'm supposed to scare you, because it's about fear, right?
ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฎุงุฆููŠู† ุญู‚ุง, ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ุชู‰ ุชุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู†.
And you should be really afraid, but not for the reasons why you think you should be.
ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฎุงุฆููŠู† ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุชู…ุณูƒู†ุง ุจุงู„ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก -- ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ -- ูƒู†ุชู… ููŠ ุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏูŠู†.
You should be really afraid that -- if we stick up the first slide on this thing -- there we go -- that you're missing out.
ู„ุฃู†ูƒู… ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุถูŠุชู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุชููƒุฑูˆู† ููŠู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ ูˆุชููƒุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุจูˆุด ูˆุชููƒุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ุจูˆุฑุตู‡, ูุฅู†ูƒู… ุญุชู…ุงู‹ ุณุชูู‚ุฏูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ุบุงู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ุฑุฑู†ุง ุจู‡ุง.
Because if you spend this week thinking about Iraq and thinking about Bush and thinking about the stock market, you're going to miss one of the greatest adventures that we've ever been on.
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุถู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุบุงู…ุฑู‡.
And this is what this adventure's really about.
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุจูˆุฒูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†
This is crystallized DNA.
ุฃูŠ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงู‡ ุนู„ูŠ ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ, ูƒู„ ุญุดุฑู‡, ูƒู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง, ูƒู„ ู†ุจุงุช, ูƒู„ ุญูŠูˆุงู†, ูƒู„ ุฅู†ุณุงู†, ูƒู„ ุณูŠุงุณูŠ -- ู…ุดูุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑู‡.
Every life form on this planet -- every insect, every bacteria, every plant, every animal, every human, every politician -- is coded in that stuff.
ูˆุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุชู… ุฃุฎุฐ ุจู„ูˆุฑู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ู„ู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุจูˆุฒูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†, ูุณุชุฑูˆู†ู‡ุง ูƒู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑู‡.
And if you want to take a single crystal of DNA, it looks like that.
ูˆู†ุญู† ูู‚ุท ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู…ุถ.
And we're just beginning to understand this stuff.
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุบุงู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅุซุงุฑู‡ ู„ู†ุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†.
And this is the single most exciting adventure that we have ever been on.
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุทู‡ ุงู„ุฃุนุธู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู‡.
It's the single greatest mapping project we've ever been on.
ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุฑุณู… ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ู‚ุฏ ุดูƒู„ ูุงุฑู‚ุงู‹, ุฃูˆ ู†ุฒูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฑ, ุฃูˆ ุฐุงูƒ ุงู„ุดุฆ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…, ูุฅู† ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ูˆุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ูƒู„ ู†ุจุงุช, ูˆูƒู„ ุญุดุฑู‡ ูˆูƒู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุฏุซ ูุงุฑู‚ุงู‹ ุญู‚ุงูŽ.
If you think that the mapping of America's made a difference, or landing on the moon, or this other stuff, it's the map of ourselves and the map of every plant and every insect and every bacteria that really makes a difference.
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑุนู† ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ.
And it's beginning to tell us a lot about evolution.
ุชุจูŠู† ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฆ ู‡ูˆ -- ูˆ ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ ุฏุงูˆูƒูŠู†ุฒ ูƒุชุจ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุนู†ู‡ -- ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉู‹ ุนุจุงุฑู‡ ุนู† ู†ู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุฌู†ุฉ ุนุฏู†.
It turns out that what this stuff is -- and Richard Dawkins has written about this -- is, this is really a river out of Eden.
ู„ู‡ุฐุง, ู‡ู†ุงูƒ 3.2 ุจู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุงูƒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชู…ุซู„ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ูˆุฌูˆุฏูƒ ูˆุฃูŠู† ูƒู†ุช ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุจู„ูŠูˆู† ุณู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠู‡.
So, the 3.2 billion base pairs inside each of your cells is really a history of where you've been for the past billion years.
ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุฏุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก, ูƒู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุทุจ ูˆุนู„ู… ุงู„ุขุซุงุฑ
And we could start dating things, and we could start changing medicine and archeology.
ุฅุชุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐุช ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ 700 ุนุงู… ู…ุถุช, ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠ ุชูุฑุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฅูุฑูŠู‚ูŠ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุจู„ูŠุบู‡ ุฌุฏุงู‹.
It turns out that if you take the human species about 700 years ago, white Europeans diverged from black Africans in a very significant way.
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠ ุชุนุฑุถ ุฅู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุทุงุนูˆู†.
White Europeans were subject to the plague.
ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุชุนุฑุถู‡ู… ุฅู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุทุงุนูˆู†, ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู… ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง ุงู„ุญูŠุงู‡, ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุจู‚ูŠ ุญูŠุงูŽ ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุจู‡ู… ุทูุฑู‡ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฅุณุชู‚ุจุงู„ ูˆู‡ูˆ CCR5
And when they were subject to the plague, most people didn't survive, but those who survived had a mutation on the CCR5 receptor.
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทูุฑู‡ ุชู… ุชูˆุฑูŠุซู‡ุง ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ู… ูˆู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู†ุฌูˆุง ูˆุนุงุดูˆุง, ุฅุฐู† ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุถุบุท ุณูƒุงู†ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุงู.
And that mutation was passed on to their kids because they're the ones that survived, so there was a great deal of population pressure.
ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง, ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒู… ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†, ูู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒู… ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทูุฑู‡ ููŠ CCR5 ู†ุชูŠุฌู‡ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุณูƒุงู†ูŠ.
In Africa, because you didn't have these cities, you didn't have that CCR5 population pressure mutation.
ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุคุฑุฎ ู„ุญุฏูˆุซู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ 700 ุนุงู….
We can date it to 700 years ago.
ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ู„ุฅู†ุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏุฒ ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ุจุฃู‚ุตูŠ ุณุฑุนุชู‡, ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุฑุนู‡ ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง.
That is one of the reasons why AIDS is raging across Africa as fast as it is, and not as fast across Europe.
ูˆุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู†ุฌุฏ ุจุนุถ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุง, ู„ู…ุฑุถ ูู‚ุฑ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ู†ุฌู„ูŠ, ูˆู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†.
And we're beginning to find these little things for malaria, for sickle cell, for cancers.
ูˆุจุญุณุงุจ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุถุน ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง, ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุนุธู… ู…ุบุงู…ุฑู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ู…ุฑ ุจู‡ุง.
And in the measure that we map ourselves, this is the single greatest adventure that we'll ever be on.
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนู‡, ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุฌุฐุจ ุฒุฌุงุฌุฉ ู†ุจูŠุฐ ุฌูŠุฏ ุฌุฏุงู‹, ูˆุฃุฑูŠุฏูƒู… ุดุฑุจ ุงู„ู†ุฎุจ ุนู„ูŠ ุดุฑู ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠู† ุงู„ุขุชูŠูŠู†.
And this Friday, I want you to pull out a really good bottle of wine, and I want you to toast these two people.
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนู‡ ู‚ุจู„ 50 ุนุงู…, ูˆุงุชุณูˆู† ูˆุบุฑูŠูƒ ุฅูƒุชุดูุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงูŠุจูˆุฒูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ 12 ูุจุฑุงูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฑุณู…ู†ุง ุฎุฑูŠุทุชู†ุง ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠู‡ ู„ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ู„ู„ู…ุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ุŒ ุณูˆู ู†ุตู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
Because this Friday, 50 years ago, Watson and Crick found the structure of DNA, and that is almost as important a date as the 12th of February when we first mapped ourselves, but anyway, we'll get to that.
ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุญุฏูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ.
I thought we'd talk about the new zoo.
ู„ุฐุงุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุณู…ุนุชู… ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ูŠุง ุฑูุงู‚ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุŒ ูˆุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ูƒุชุดูู‡ุง ุชุจุฏูˆ ู†ูˆุนุงู‹ ู…ุง ุฃู†ูŠู‚ู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุชุจูŠู† ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆูุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
So, all you guys have heard about DNA, all the stuff that DNA does, but some of the stuff we're discovering is kind of nifty because this turns out to be the single most abundant species on the planet.
ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ูƒ ู†ุงุฌุญ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุตุฑุงุตูŠุฑ ู†ุงุฌุญุฉุŒ ูˆุชุจูŠู† ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุฑูŠู„ูŠูˆู† ุชุฑูŠู„ูŠูˆู† ุตุฑุตูˆุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
If you think you're successful or cockroaches are successful, it turns out that there's ten trillion trillion Pleurococcus sitting out there.
ูˆู†ุญู† ู„ู… ู†ูƒู† ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุตุฑุงุตูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุทู‡ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠู‡ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุงู‹.
And we didn't know that Pleurococcus was out there, which is part of the reason why this whole species-mapping project is so important.
ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุฃุชูŠู†ุง ูˆู…ู† ู†ุญู†.
Because we're just beginning to learn where we came from and what we are.
ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุนุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุจุง. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุจุง ุฏูˆุจูŠุง.
And we're finding amoebas like this. This is the amoeba dubia.
ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุจุง ุฏูˆุจูŠุง ู„ุง ุชุดุจู‡ู†ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุงุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ูƒู… ู„ู‡ ู†ุญูˆ 3.2 ุจู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑูˆูุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุนู„ ู…ู†ูƒ ุฃู†ุช ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุฏุงุฎู„ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠุจุง ุงู„ุจุณูŠุทู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุŒ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุจู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุŒ ุชุจูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ูŠ 620 ุจู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช.
And the amoeba dubia doesn't look like much, except that each of you has about 3.2 billion letters, which is what makes you you, as far as gene code inside each of your cells, and this little amoeba which, you know, sits in water in hundreds and millions and billions, turns out to have 620 billion base pairs of gene code inside.
ู„ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู† ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅุณู… ู„ู‡ ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 200 ู…ุฑุฉ ุญุฌู… ู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠูƒู….
So, this little thingamajig has a genome that's 200 times the size of yours.
ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ุขู„ูŠุงุช ูุนุงู„ุฉ ู„ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชุŒ ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠู‡.
And if you're thinking of efficient information storage mechanisms, it may not turn out to be chips.
ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุดูŠุก ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠุจุง.
It may turn out to be something that looks a little like that amoeba.
ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุชุนู„ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ูˆ ูƒูŠู ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
And, again, we're learning from life and how life works.
ู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุก ุบูŠุฑ ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ : ู„ู… ูŠุนุชุงุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุงู† ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ูŠุณุชุญู‚ ุฃุฎุฐ ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุนู„ุงุช ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุจุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุนุด ุฃูŠ ุดุฆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
This funky little thing: people didn't used to think that it was worth taking samples out of nuclear reactors because it was dangerous and, of course, nothing lived there.
ูˆุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู‹ ุดุฎุตุงู‹ ู…ุง ุญู…ู„ ู…ุฌู‡ุฑ ูˆู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงู‹ ุจุฌูˆุงุฑ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูุงุนู„.
And then finally somebody picked up a microscope and looked at the water that was sitting next to the cores.
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุจุฌูˆุงุฑ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูุงุนู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุน ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑู‡ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุณุจุงุญุฉ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ุชุชู‚ุทุน ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…, ุณุชุฉุŒ ุณุจุน ู…ุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุฎูŠุทู‡ู… ู…ุฑู‡ ุฃุฎุฑูŠ, ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ุฅุดุนุงุน 200 ู…ุฑู‡ ุถุนู ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู„ู‚ุชู„ูƒ.
And sitting next to that water in the cores was this little Deinococcus radiodurans, doing a backstroke, having its chromosomes blown apart every day, six, seven times, restitching them, living in about 200 times the radiation that would kill you.
ูˆุงู„ุขู† ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุชุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชู†ูˆุน ูˆู…ุฏู‰ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุฏู‰ ู…ุชุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉุŒ ูˆูƒูŠู ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ูˆูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุญูŠุงุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ุญุชู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ.
And by now you should be getting a hint as to how diverse and how important and how interesting this journey into life is, and how many different life forms there are, and how there can be different life forms living in very different places, maybe even outside of this planet.
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ุฅุดุนุงุน ูŠุดุจู‡ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุณุชุญุถุฑ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู…ุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…,
Because if you can live in radiation that looks like this, that brings up a whole series of interesting questions.
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู† ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅุณู… : ู„ู… ู†ูƒู† ู†ุนุฑู ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู† ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅุณู….
This little thingamajig: we didn't know this thingamajig existed.
ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุนุฑูู†ุง ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡. ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุฑุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑุฏุฉ.
We should have known that this existed because this is the only bacteria that you can see to the naked eye.
ู„ุฃู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจุญุฌู… 0ุŒ75 ู…ู„ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ.
So, this thing is 0.75 millimeters.
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ุฎู†ุฏู‚ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ู‚ุจุงู„ุฉ ุณุงุญู„ ู†ุงู…ูŠุจูŠุง.
It lives in a deep trench off the coast of Namibia.
ูˆู…ุง ุชุฑุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ุงู…ูŠุจูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชู…ูƒู†ุง ู…ู† ุฑุคูŠุชู‡ุง ู‚ุท.
And what you're looking at with this namibiensis is the biggest bacteria we've ever seen.
ู„ุฐุง, ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนุจุงุฑู‡ ุนู† ุญุฌู… ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑู‡ ููŠ ุฌู…ู„ู‡.
So, it's about the size of a little period on a sentence.
ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู„ู… ู†ูƒู† ู†ุนุฑู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‚ุจู„ ุซู„ุงุซ ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
Again, we didn't know this thing was there three years ago.
ู†ุญู† ููŠ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ููŠ ุญุฏูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ.
We're just beginning this journey of life in the new zoo.