statement_idx
int64 0
8.09k
| report
stringclasses 3
values | page_num
int64 18
2.84k
| sent_num
int64 0
78
| statement
stringlengths 13
4.29k
| confidence
stringclasses 4
values | score
int64 0
3
| split
stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,500 | AR6_WGII | 39 | 2 | Instruments that incorporate adaptation such as policy and legal frameworks, behavioural incentives, and economic instruments that address market failures, such as climate risk disclosure, inclusive and deliberative processes strengthen adaptation actions by public and private actors | medium | 1 | train |
2,501 | AR6_WGII | 39 | 4 | A wide range of top-down, bottom-up and co-produced processes and sources can deepen climate knowledge and sharing, including capacity building at all scales, educational and information programmes, using the arts, participatory modelling and climate services, Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge and citizen science | high | 2 | train |
2,502 | AR6_WGII | 39 | 5 | These measures can facilitate awareness, heighten risk perception and influence behaviours | high | 2 | train |
2,503 | AR6_WGII | 39 | 7 | Building capacity and removing some barriers to accessing finance is fundamental to accelerate adaptation, especially for vulnerable groups, regions and sectors | high | 2 | train |
2,504 | AR6_WGII | 39 | 9 | Public finance is an important enabler of adaptation | high | 2 | train |
2,505 | AR6_WGII | 39 | 10 | Public mechanisms and finance can leverage private sector finance for adaptation by addressing real and perceived regulatory, cost and market barriers, for example via public-private partnerships | high | 2 | train |
2,506 | AR6_WGII | 39 | 11 | Financial and technological resources enable effective and ongoing implementation of adaptation, especially when supported by institutions with a strong understanding of adaptation needs and capacity | high | 2 | train |
2,507 | AR6_WGII | 39 | 13 | M&E implementation is currently limited | high | 2 | train |
2,508 | AR6_WGII | 39 | 14 | Although most of the monitoring of adaptation is focused towards planning and implementation, the monitoring of outcomes is critical for tracking the effectiveness and progress of adaptation | high | 2 | train |
2,509 | AR6_WGII | 39 | 16 | M&E systems are most effective when supported by capacities and resources and embedded in enabling governance systems | high | 2 | train |
2,510 | AR6_WGII | 39 | 18 | Vulnerabilities and climate risks are often reduced through carefully designed and implemented laws, policies, processes, and interventions that address context specific inequities such as based on gender, ethnicity, disability, age, location and income | high | 2 | train |
2,511 | AR6_WGII | 39 | 19 | These approaches, which include multi-stakeholder co-learning platforms, transboundary collaborations, community-based adaptation and participatory scenario planning, focus on capacity-building, and meaningful participation of the most vulnerable and marginalised groups, and their access to key resources to adapt | high | 2 | train |
2,512 | AR6_WGII | 40 | 7 | This in turn undermines efforts to achieve sustainable development, particularly for vulnerable and marginalized communities | very high | 3 | train |
2,513 | AR6_WGII | 40 | 9 | This is especially challenging in localities with persistent development gaps and limited resources | high | 2 | train |
2,514 | AR6_WGII | 40 | 11 | Integrated and inclusive system-oriented solutions based on equity and social and climate justice reduce risks and enable climate resilient development | high | 2 | train |
2,515 | AR6_WGII | 40 | 13 | Climate resilient devel- opment is facilitated by international cooperation and by governments at all levels working with communities, civil society, educational bodies, scientific and other institutions, media, investors and businesses; and by developing partner - ships with traditionally marginalised groups, including women, youth, Indigenous Peoples, local communities and ethnic minorities | high | 2 | train |
2,516 | AR6_WGII | 40 | 16 | These practices build on diverse knowledges about climate risk and chosen development pathways account for local, regional and global climate impacts, risks, barriers and opportunities | high | 2 | train |
2,517 | AR6_WGII | 40 | 17 | Structural vulnerabilities to climate change can be reduced through carefully designed and implemented legal, policy, and process interventions from the local to global that address inequities based on gender, ethnicity, disability, age, location and income | very high | 3 | train |
2,518 | AR6_WGII | 40 | 18 | This includes rights-based approaches that focus on capacity-building, meaningful participation of the most vulnerable groups, and their access to key resources, including financing, to reduce risk and adapt | high | 2 | test |
2,519 | AR6_WGII | 40 | 19 | Evidence shows that climate resilient development processes link scientific, Indigenous, local, practitioner and other forms of knowledge, and are more effective and sustainable because they are locally appropriate and lead to more legitimate, relevant and effective actions | high | 2 | train |
2,520 | AR6_WGII | 42 | 1 | Planning processes and decision analysis tools can help identify ‘low regrets’ options47 that enable mitigation and adaptation in the face of change, complexity, deep uncertainty and divergent views | medium | 1 | test |
2,521 | AR6_WGII | 42 | 3 | Inclusive processes strengthen the ability of governments and other stakeholders to jointly consider factors such as the rate and magnitude of change and uncertainties, associated impacts, and timescales of different climate resilient development pathways given past development choices leading to past emissions and scenarios of future global warming | high | 2 | train |
2,522 | AR6_WGII | 42 | 5 | The quality and outcome of these interactions helps determine whether development pathways shift towards or away from climate resilient development | medium | 1 | train |
2,523 | AR6_WGII | 42 | 13 | However, the global trend of urbanisation also offers a critical opportunity in the near-term, to advance climate resilient development | high | 2 | train |
2,524 | AR6_WGII | 42 | 15 | Equitable outcomes contributes to multiple benefits for health and well-being and ecosystem services, including for Indigenous Peoples, marginalised and vulnerable communi- ties | high | 2 | train |
2,525 | AR6_WGII | 42 | 16 | Climate resilient development in urban areas also supports adaptive capacity in more rural places through maintaining peri-urban supply chains of goods and services and financial flows | medium | 1 | test |
2,526 | AR6_WGII | 42 | 17 | Coastal cities and settlements play an especially important role in advancing climate resilient development | high | 2 | train |
2,527 | AR6_WGII | 43 | 5 | Dominant models of energy intensive and market-led urbanisation, insufficient and misaligned finance and a predominant focus on grey infrastructure in the absence of integration with ecological and social approaches, risks missing opportunities for adaptation and locking in maladaptation | high | 2 | train |
2,528 | AR6_WGII | 43 | 6 | Poor land use planning and siloed approaches to health, ecological and social planning also exacerbates, vulnerability in already marginalised communities | medium | 1 | train |
2,529 | AR6_WGII | 43 | 7 | Urban climate resilient development is observed to be more effective if it is responsive to regional and local land use development and adaptation gaps, and addresses the underlying drivers of vulnerability | high | 2 | train |
2,530 | AR6_WGII | 43 | 8 | The greatest gains in well-being can be achieved by prioritizing finance to reduce climate risk for low-income and marginalized residents including people living in informal settlements | high | 2 | train |
2,531 | AR6_WGII | 43 | 14 | Recent analyses, drawing on a range of lines of evidence, suggest that maintaining the resilience of biodiversity and ecosystem services at a global scale depends on effective and equitable conservation of approximately 30% to 50% of Earth’s land, freshwater and ocean areas, including currently near-natural ecosystems | high | 2 | train |
2,532 | AR6_WGII | 43 | 17 | Degradation and loss of ecosystems is also a cause of greenhouse gas emissions and is at increasing risk of being exacerbated by climate change impacts, including droughts and wildfire | high | 2 | train |
2,533 | AR6_WGII | 43 | 18 | Climate resilient development avoids adaptation and mitigation measures that damage ecosystems | high | 2 | train |
2,534 | AR6_WGII | 43 | 19 | Documented examples of adverse impacts of land-based measures intended as mitigation, when poorly implemented, include afforestation of grasslands, savannas and peatlands, and risks from bioenergy crops at large scale to water supply, food security and biodiversity | high | 2 | train |
2,535 | AR6_WGII | 44 | 1 | Consequences of current and future global warming for climate resilient development include reduced effectiveness of Ecosystem-based Adaptation and approaches to climate change mitigation based on ecosystems and amplifying feedbacks to the climate system | high | 2 | train |
2,536 | AR6_WGII | 44 | 3 | Past and current development trends (past emissions, development and climate change) have not advanced global climate resilient development | very high | 3 | train |
2,537 | AR6_WGII | 44 | 4 | Societal choices and actions implemented in the next decade determine the extent to which medium- and long-term pathways will deliver higher or lower climate resilient development | high | 2 | train |
2,538 | AR6_WGII | 44 | 5 | Importantly climate resilient development prospects are increasingly limited if current greenhouse gas emissions do not rapidly decline, es- pecially if 1.5°C global warming is exceeded in the near-term | high | 2 | train |
2,539 | AR6_WGII | 44 | 6 | These prospects are constrained by past development, emissions and climate change, and enabled by inclusive governance, adequate and appropriate human and technological resources, information, capacities and finance | high | 2 | train |
2,540 | AR6_WGII | 44 | 8 | The prospects for climate resilient development will be further limited if global warming levels exceeds 1.5°C (high confidence) and not be possible in some regions and sub-regions if the global warming level exceeds 2°C | medium | 1 | train |
2,541 | AR6_WGII | 44 | 9 | Climate resilient development is most constrained in regions/subregions in which climate impacts and risks are already advanced, including low-lying coastal cities and settlements, small islands, deserts, mountains and polar regions | high | 2 | train |
2,542 | AR6_WGII | 44 | 10 | Regions and subregions with high levels of poverty, water, food and energy insecurity, vulnerable urban environments, degraded ecosystems and rural environments, and/or few enabling conditions, face many non-climate challenges that inhibit climate resilient development which are further exacerbated by climate change | high | 2 | train |
2,543 | AR6_WGII | 54 | 2 | Feasible, integrated mitigation and adaptation solutions can be tailored to specific locations and monitored for their effectiveness while avoiding conflict with sustainable development objectives and managing risks and trade- offs | high | 2 | train |
2,544 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 1 | Ecosystems and biodiversity TS.B.1 Climate change has altered marine, terrestrial and fresh - water ecosystems all around the world | very high | 3 | train |
2,545 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 2 | Effects were experienced earlier and are more widespread with more far-reaching consequences than anticipated | medium | 1 | train |
2,546 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 3 | Biological responses, including changes in physi - ology, growth, abundance, geographic placement and shifting seasonal timing, are often not sufficient to cope with recent climate change | very high | 3 | train |
2,547 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 4 | Climate change has caused local species losses, increases in disease (high confidence) and mass mortality events of plants and animals (very high confidence), resulting in the first climate-driven extinctions (medium confidence), ecosystem restructuring, increases in areas burned by wildfire (high confidence) and declines in key ecosystem services | high | 2 | train |
2,548 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 5 | Climate- driven impacts on ecosystems have caused measurable eco - nomic and livelihood losses and altered cultural practices and recreational activities around the world | high | 2 | train |
2,549 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 8 | Consistent with expectations, species in all ecosystems have shifted their geographic ranges and altered the timing of seasonal events | very high | 3 | train |
2,550 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 9 | Among thousands of species spread across terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems, half to two-thirds have shifted their ranges to higher latitudes (very high confidence), and approximately two-thirds have shifted towards earlier spring life events | very high | 3 | train |
2,551 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 10 | The move of diseases and their vectors has brought new diseases into the high Arctic and at higher elevations in mountain regions to which local wildlife and humans are not resistant | high | 2 | train |
2,552 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 11 | These processes have led to emerging hybridisation, competition, temporal or spatial mismatches in predator–prey, insect– plant and host–parasite relationships and invasion of alien plant pests or pathogens | medium | 1 | train |
2,553 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 14 | Range shifts reduce biodiversity in the warmest regions and locations as adaptation limits are exceeded | high | 2 | train |
2,554 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 15 | Simultaneously, these shifts homogenise biodiversity (medium confidence) in regions receiving climate-migrant species, alter food webs and eliminate the distinctiveness of communities | medium | 1 | train |
2,555 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 16 | Increasing losses of habitat-forming species such as trees, corals, kelp and seagrass have caused irreversible shifts in some ecosystems and threaten associated biodiversity in marine systems | high | 2 | train |
2,556 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 17 | Human-introduced invasive (non-native) species can reduce or replace native species and alter ecosystem characteristics if they fare better than endemic species in new climate-altered ecological niches | high | 2 | train |
2,557 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 18 | Such invasive species effects are most prominent in geographically constrained areas, including islands, semi-enclosed seas and mountains, and they increase vulnerability in these systems | high | 2 | train |
2,558 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 19 | Phenological shifts increase the risks of temporal mismatches between trophic levels within ecosystems (medium confidence), which can lead to reduced food availability and population abundances | medium | 1 | train |
2,559 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 21 | Box 3.2, Box 3.4, 3.5.2, 3.5.3, 4.3.5, 9.6.1, 10.4.2, 11.3.1, 11.3.2, 11.3.11, 13.3.1, 13.4.1, 13.10.2, 14.5.1, 15.3.3, 15.3.4, 15.8, Box CCP1.1, CCP1.2.2, CCP1.2.1, CCP3.2.1, CCP5.2.1, CCB EXTREMES} TS.B.1.3 At the warm (equatorward and lower) edges of distribu tions, adaptation limits to human-induced warming have led to widespread local population losses (extirpations) that result in range contractions | very high | 3 | train |
2,560 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 22 | Among land plants and animals, local population loss was detected in around 50% of studied species and is often attributable to extreme events | high | 2 | train |
2,561 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 24 | Many mountain-top species have suffered population losses along lower elevations, leaving them increasingly restricted to a smaller area and at higher risk of extinction | medium | 1 | train |
2,562 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 25 | Global extinctions due to climate change are already being observed, with two extinctions currently attributed to anthropogenic climate change | medium | 1 | train |
2,563 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 26 | Climate-induced extinctions, including mass extinctions, are common in the palaeo record, underlining the potential of climate change to have catastrophic impacts on species and ecosystems | high | 2 | train |
2,564 | AR6_WGII | 56 | 29 | The Arctic is showing increased arrival of species from warmer areas on land and in the sea, with a declining extent of tundra and ice-dependent species, such as the polar bear | high | 2 | train |
2,565 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 1 | Coral reefs are suffering global declines, with abrupt shifts in community composition persisting for years | very high | 3 | train |
2,566 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 2 | Deserts and tropical systems are decreasing in diversity due to heat stress and extreme events | high | 2 | train |
2,567 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 3 | In contrast, arid lands are displaying varied responses around the globe in response to regional changes in the hydrological cycle | high | 2 | train |
2,568 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 5 | In terrestrial ecosystems, carbon uptake services linked to CO 2 fertilisation effects are being increasingly limited by drought and warming and exacerbated by non-climatic anthropogenic impacts | high | 2 | train |
2,569 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 6 | Deforestation, draining and burning of peatlands and tropical forests and thawing of Arctic permafrost have already shifted some areas from being carbon sinks to carbon sources | high | 2 | train |
2,570 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 7 | The severity and outbreak extent of forest insect pests increased in several regions | high | 2 | train |
2,571 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 8 | Woody plant expansion into grasslands and savannahs, linked to increased CO 2, has reduced grazing land, while invasive grasses in semiarid lands increased the risk of fire | high | 2 | train |
2,572 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 9 | Coastal ‘blue carbon’ systems are already impacted by multiple climate and non- climate drivers | very high | 3 | test |
2,573 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 10 | Warming and CO 2 fertilisation have altered coastal ecosystem biodiversity, making carbon storage or release regionally variable | high | 2 | train |
2,574 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 12 | Indigenous knowledge contains unique information sources about past changes and potential solutions to present issues | medium | 1 | train |
2,575 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 13 | Tangible heritage, such as traditional harvesting sites or species and archaeological and cultural heritage sites, and intangible heritage, such as festivals and rites associated with nature-based activities, endemic knowledge and unique insights about plants and animals, are being lost | high | 2 | train |
2,576 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 15 | Cultural losses threaten adaptive capacity and may accumulate into intergenerational trauma and irrevocable losses of sense of belonging, valued cultural practices, identity and home | medium | 1 | train |
2,577 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 17 | Extremes are surpassing the resil- ience of some ecological and human systems and challenging the adaptation capacities of others, including impacts with irre- versible consequences | high | 2 | train |
2,578 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 18 | Vulnerable people and human systems and climate-sensitive species and ecosystems are most at risk | very high | 3 | train |
2,579 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 20 | The most severe impacts are occurring in the most climate-sensitive species and ecosystems, characterised by traits that limit their abilities to regenerate between events or to adapt, and those most exposed to climate hazards | high | 2 | train |
2,580 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 21 | Losses of local plant and animal populations have been widespread, many associated with large increases in hottest yearly temperatures and heatwave events | very high | 3 | train |
2,581 | AR6_WGII | 58 | 22 | Marine heatwave events have led to widespread, abrupt and extensive mortality of key habitat-forming species among tropical corals, kelps, seagrasses and mangroves, as well as mass mortality of wildlife species, including benthic sessile species | high | 2 | train |
2,582 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 7 | Droughts, floods, wildfires and marine heatwaves contribute to reduced food availability and increased food prices, threatening food security, nutrition and livelihoods of millions of people across regions | high | 2 | train |
2,583 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 8 | Extreme events caused economic losses in forest productivity and crops and livestock farming, including losses in wheat production in 2012, 2016 and 2018, with the severity of impacts from extreme heat and drought tripling over the last 50 years in Europe | high | 2 | train |
2,584 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 9 | Forests were impacted by extreme heat and drought impacting timber sales, for example, in Europe | high | 2 | train |
2,585 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 10 | Marine heatwaves, including well-documented events along the west coast of North America (2013–2016) and east coast of Australia (2015–2016, 2016–2017 and 2020), have caused the collapse of regional fisheries and aquaculture | high | 2 | train |
2,586 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 11 | Human populations exposed to extreme weather and climate events are at risk of food insecurity with lower diversity in diets, leading to malnutrition and increased risk of disease | high | 2 | train |
2,587 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 13 | Since AR5, the impacts of climate change and extreme weather events such as wildfires, extreme heat, cyclones, storms and floods have adversely affected or caused loss and damage to human health, shelter, displacement, incomes and livelihoods, security and inequality | high | 2 | train |
2,588 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 14 | Over 20 million people have been internally displaced annually by weather-related extreme events since 2008, with storms and floods the most common drivers | high | 2 | train |
2,589 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 15 | Climate-related extreme events are followed by negative impacts on mental health, well-being, life satisfaction, happiness, cognitive performance and aggression in exposed populations | very high | 3 | test |
2,590 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 19 | Human-induced global warming has slowed the growth of agricultural productivity over the past 50 years in mid and low latitudes | medium | 1 | train |
2,591 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 20 | Crop yields are compromised by surface ozone | high | 2 | train |
2,592 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 21 | Methane emissions have negatively impacted crop yields by increasing temperatures and surface ozone concentrations | medium | 1 | train |
2,593 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 22 | Warming is negatively affecting crop and grassland quality and harvest stability | high | 2 | train |
2,594 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 23 | Warmer and drier conditions have increased tree mortality and forest disturbances in many temperate and boreal biomes (high confidence), negatively impacting provisioning services | medium | 1 | train |
2,595 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 24 | Ocean warming has decreased sustainable yields of some wild fish populations | high | 2 | train |
2,596 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 25 | Ocean acidification and warming have already affected farmed aquatic species | high | 2 | train |
2,597 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 28 | At higher latitudes, warming has expanded the available area but has also altered phenology (high confidence), potentially causing plant–pollinator and pest mismatches | medium | 1 | train |
2,598 | AR6_WGII | 59 | 29 | At low latitudes, temperatures have crossed upper tolerance thresholds, more frequently leading to heat stress and/ or shifts in distribution and losses for crops, livestock, fisheries and aquaculture | high | 2 | train |
2,599 | AR6_WGII | 60 | 2 | The impacts of climate-related extremes on food security, nutrition and livelihoods are particularly acute and severe for people living in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, small islands, Central and South America and the Arctic and small-scale food producers globally | high | 2 | test |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.