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2. 本报告述及自我 2019 年 9 月 5 日上次报告(S/2019/711)发布以来至 2020 年3 月 20 日的情况发展。所载信息和意见基于会员国、相关国际和区域机构以及联合国实体提交的材料。 | 2. The report covers developments since my previous report of 5 September 2019 (S/2019/711) until 20 March 2020. The information and observations herein are based on submissions by Member States, relevant international and regional bodies and United Nations entities. |
二. 利比亚沿海地中海的偷运移民和贩运人口情况 | II. Smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Libya |
3. 地中海仍然是偷运贩运难民和移民的一条繁忙而致命的通道。在本报告所述期间，又有数百名男子、妇女、儿童在前往欧洲途中在海上丧生或失踪。更多的人又陷入可能遭受严重伤害、人权遭到侵犯的处境。2019 年 9 月 1 日至2020 年 2 月 29 日，联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民署)和国际移民组织(移民组织)的记录显示，共有 65 797 名难民和移民经海路抵达欧洲，比 2018/19同一时期增加近 20%，上一时期约有 55 017 名难民和移民经海路抵达欧洲。根据国际移民组织和难民署的记录，其中 11 043 名难民和移民通过中地中海路线抵达欧洲(8 889 人抵达意大利，2 154 人抵达马耳他)，上一时期为 4 329人。他们主要来自利比亚，部分来自突尼斯和阿尔及利亚。同一时期，移徙组织和难民署记录了大约 39 339 人通过东地中海路线抵达希腊，大约 14 326 人通过西地中海路线抵达西班牙。 | 3. The Mediterranean Sea remains a high-volume and deadly thoroughfare for the smuggling of, and trafficking in, refugees and migrants. During the reporting period, hundreds of men, women and children have again perished or gone missing at sea on their way to Europe. Many more have been returned to situations where they were at risk of grave harm and human rights violations. In the period from 1 September 2019 to 29 February 2020, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) recorded a total of 65,797 arrivals of refugees and migrants by sea in Europe, an almost 20 per cent increase compared with the same period in 2018/19, when approximately 55,017 arrivals by sea in Europe were recorded. Among those, IOM and UNHCR recorded the arrival of 11,043 refugees and migrants in Europe through the central Mediterranean route (8,889 in Italy and 2,154 in Malta), compared with 4,329 in the same period in 2018/19. These arrivals were mainly from Libya but also from Tunisia and Algeria. During the same period, IOM and UNHCR recorded some 39,33 9 arrivals by sea in Greece through the eastern Mediterranean route and some 14,326 arrivals by sea in Spain through the western Mediterranean route. |
4. 利用中地中海路线的难民和移民人数大幅增加，并有证据显示这条路线仍然十分危险。从 2019 年 9 月至 2020 年 2 月，难民署估计有 124 名难民和移民在中地中海路线的海上丧生或失踪，其中 63 人从利比亚出发。这一数字低于上一时期的 314 人，其中 298 人从利比亚出发。移民组织估计，2019 年 9 月至 2020 年月，因一些难民和移民船只下落不明而出现的“隐形沉船”，中地中海路线可能另有 318 人死亡。1 这些数字不包括返回利比亚后死亡或失踪的人数。在其他路线，移民组织和难民署记录了 330 多名难民和移徙者在西地中海路线、近 80 人在东地中海路线死亡或失踪，上一时期分别为 500 多人和 70 多人。 | 4. In addition to the significant increase in the number of refugees and migrants using the central Mediterranean route, there is evidence that the journey along this route remains dangerous. From September 2019 to February 2020, UNHCR estimated that 124 refugees and migrants perished or went missing at sea on the central Mediterranean route, including 63 after departing from Libya. This represents a decrease compared with the same period in 2018/19, when 314 perished or went missing, including 298 after departing from Libya. IOM estimated that an additional 318 people may have died along the central Mediterranean route in the period from September 2019 to February 2020 as a result of so-called “invisible shipwrecks”, where the final whereabouts of boats carrying refugees and migrants could not be established.1 Those numbers do not account for people who died or went missing after they were returned to Libya, however. Beyond the central Mediterranean route, IOM and UNHCR recorded over 330 refugees and migrants as having died or gone missing at sea on the western Mediterranean route and almost 80 on the eastern Mediterranean route, compared with over 500 and over 70, respectively, during the same period in 2018/19. |
5. 2019 年 9 月 1 日至 2020 年 2 月 29 日，欧洲联盟在地中海中南部开展欧盟海军地中海索菲亚行动记录，有 143 艘装载难民和移民的船只取道中地中海路线离开，72%发生在的黎波里以西的阿布坎马斯和扎维耶之间，祖瓦拉地区最为活跃，有 40 艘船只离开。据记录，在的黎波里以东的卡斯尔加罗贝利和胡姆斯之间沿海也有船只离开。索菲亚行动估计，2019 年 9 月 1 日至 2020 年 2 月 29 日，在行动区开展的 146 次行动中，约有 9 595 人被各种船只营救或拦截。2 索菲亚行动表示，利比亚海岸警卫队开展了 69 次行动。这一数字比上一 2018/19 时期大幅增加，当时在行动区开展了 30 次行动，营救或拦截了 2 252 人，其中 18 次由利比亚海岸警卫队和海军实施。3 索菲亚行动注意到，与上一时期相比，本报告所述期间行动区内的非政府组织船只有所增加，记录了非政府组织船只 51 次救援行动，而上一时期为 4 次。 | 5. The European Union military operation in the southern central Mediterranean, EUNAVFOR MED operation SOPHIA, recorded 143 departures of boats with refugees and migrants along the central Mediterranean route from 1 September 2019 to 29 February 2020. Of those departures, 72 per cent took place west of Tripoli between Abu Kammash and Zawiyah, with Zuwarah being the most active area with 40 departures. Other departures were recorded east of Tripoli between Qasr al-Qarabulli and Khums. The operation estimated that, from 1 September 2019 to 29 February 2020, some 9,595 persons were rescued or intercepted in 146 operations by various vessels in its area of operation.2 According to the operation, the Libyan coastguard conducted 69 of those operations. This represents a significant increase from the same period in 2018/19, when the operation recorded 2,252 persons as having been rescued or intercepted in 30 operations in its area of operation, of which 18 had been conducted by the Libyan coastguard and navy. 3 The operation noted an enhanced presence of vessels of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in its area of operation in the reporting period compared with the same period in 2018/19, recording 51 rescue operations by NGO vessels in its area of operation, compared with four during the same period in 2018/19. |
6. 欧盟海军地中海索非亚行动继续支持安全理事会第 2240(2015)号决议及其后各项决议，并注意到挑战依然存在，在利比亚目前情况下，贩运偷运难民和移民的活动十分猖獗。索菲亚行动表示，移民偷运者和人口贩运者继续使用橡皮艇等船只，的黎波里到阿布坎马斯西部下水区的移民偷运团伙主要使用木船，在的黎波里到米苏拉塔东部下水区活动的团伙主要使用橡皮艇，偶尔使用玻璃钢船。索菲亚行动报告，前往欧洲的交通费与上一报告期间相同。橡皮艇费用从每人 500欧元到 1 400 欧元不等，木船的价格在 800 欧元到 1 500 欧元之间。每艘橡皮艇最多可运载难民和移民约 120 人，偷运者每艘船最多可得到 168 000 欧元。 | 6. EUNAVFOR MED operation SOPHIA continued its efforts in support of resolution 2240 (2015) and subsequent resolutions, while noting that challenges remained and that conditions in Libya allowed trafficking in, and smuggling of, refugees and migrants to thrive. According to the operation, migrant smugglers and human traffickers continued to use primarily rubber boats, with migrant smuggling groups in the western launching area from Tripoli to Abu Kammash using predominantly wooden boats and groups operating in the eastern launching region from Tripoli to Misratah operating mainly rubber boats and occasionally fibreglass boats. The operation reported that the individual fare for transport to Europe remained the same as during the previous reporting period. The cost of travel by inflatable boat ranged from €500 to €1,400 and by wooden boat from €800 to €1,500. With each rubber boat capable of accommodating up to approximately 120 refugees and migrants, smugglers can thus recoup up to €168,000 per boat. |
7. 欧盟海军地中海索菲亚行动报告，偷运者采用的战术与上个报告所述期间类似，中地中海路线大多数人口偷运船只的燃料不足以抵达欧洲海岸，但可以抵达利比亚领海 12 海里界限以外的水域。难民署注意到，据报在本报告所述期间许多营救和拦截发生在利比亚领海以外很远的地方，超过三分之一的营救和拦截发生在利比亚搜索和救援区以外，即的黎波里以北 90 海里处。索非亚行动报告，移民偷运者继续采用一些避免被利比亚海岸警卫队和海军拦截的战术、技术和程序。在一些情况下，难民和移民只能独自旅行，得到使用全球定位系统在海上航行的基本指示，或者直接前往利比亚近海的石油钻井平台。根据全球定位系统的显示，在到达领海以外的某一地点，乘客使用卫星电话联系罗马的海上救援协调中心或其他机构，发出信号并等待救援。在本报告所述期间，索菲亚行动没有观察到利用渔船偷运的战术(与上一时期相反，特别是在祖瓦拉至兰佩杜萨的路线上)。 | 7. In terms of tactics employed by smugglers, EUNAVFOR MED operation SOPHIA reported that, as in the previous reporting period, the majority of boats smuggling persons along the central Mediterranean route were filled with insufficient fuel to reach European shores, but enough to reach waters beyond the 12-nautical-mile limit of the territorial sea of Libya. UNHCR observed that, during the reporting period, many rescues and interceptions were reported as having taken place far beyond Libyan territorial waters, with over a third of rescues and interceptio ns reported as having taken place beyond the Libyan Search and Rescue Region, which extends just over 90 nautical miles north of Tripoli. The operation reported that migrant smugglers continued to employ tactics, techniques and procedures to avoid being apprehended by the Libyan coastguard and navy. In a number of cases, refugees and migrants were left to travel alone, provided with basic instructions on how to navigate the sea using a Global Positioning System or directed towards oil rigs off the coast of Libya. Upon reaching a certain point outside the territorial sea, as indicated by the Global Positioning System, boat occupants were instructed to use a satellite phone to make a phone call to the Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre in Rome or others to alert them of their situation and await rescue. During the reporting period, the operation did not observe smuggling tactics involving fishing vessels (contrary to the previous reporting period, when such tactics were observed in particular on the route from Zuwarah to Lampedusa). |
8. 我曾在以前的报告及相关报告(S/2019/711 和 S/2020/41)中多次强调，根据国际法，包括国际人权法、国际难民法和海洋法，不能认为利比亚是海上救援后上岸的安全地点。但是，难民和移民主要在被利比亚海岸警卫队拦截之后继续在利比亚上岸。也有报告称，会员国和商船在中地中海救援后，有时根据相关海上救援协调中心的指示，将获救人员移交给利比亚海岸警卫队。一些接到指示的人道主义非政府组织拒绝这样移交，表示根据国际法有义务让获救人员上岸并送到安全地方。2020 年 3 月，移民组织对报告的利比亚海岸警卫队从马耳他搜救区将移民和难民遣返利比亚的事件表示关切。 | 8. I have repeatedly emphasized, including in my previous and related reports (S/2019/711 and S/2020/41), that Libya cannot be considered a place of safety for the disembarkation of refugees and migrants rescued at sea under international law, including international human rights law, international refugee law and the law of the sea. However, refugees and migrants continued to be disembarked in Libya, mainly after interception by the Libyan coastguard. There have also been reports of Member State and merchant vessels handing over people rescued in the central Mediterranean to the Libyan coastguard, sometimes on the instructions of relevant Maritime Rescue Coordination Centres. Several humanitarian NGOs that were instructed to do so refused to comply, noting their obligations under international law to disembark rescued persons to a place of safety. In March 2020, IOM raised concerns over an incident in which migrants and refugees were reportedly returned to Libya by the Libyan coastguard from the Maltese search and rescue zone. |
9. 移民组织和难民署表示，2019 年 9 月 1 日至 2020 年 2 月 29 日，有 5 156 名难民和移民在海上被拦截或营救，大多数被利比亚海岸警卫队和海军拦截或营救，并在利比亚上岸。其中 43%是从利比亚出发前往欧洲的。前往欧洲的船只往往不适航且过于拥挤，偷运者通常不提供足够的食物和水，也不发救生衣。还有报告称，存在使用武力等不安全的拦截和上岸做法。10. 在利比亚上岸仍然非常危险。2019 年 9 月发生枪击事件，造成阿布西塔军港 | 9. According to IOM and UNHCR, from 1 September 2019 to 29 February 2020, 5,156 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Libya after being intercepted or rescued at sea, mostly by the Libyan coastguard and navy, which represents 43 per cent of all those who departed from Libya to Europe. The boats used for the journey to Europe were often unseaworthy and overcrowded, and smugglers often neither provided sufficient food and water, nor distributed life jackets. There were also reports of unsafe interception and disembarkation practices, including through the use of force. |
10. 在利比亚上岸仍然非常危险。2019 年 9 月发生枪击事件，造成阿布西塔军港一名移民死亡。此后，利比亚海岸警卫队将所有上岸作业转移到了的黎波里的主要民用港。2020 年 2 月，大约 200 名难民和移民在的黎波里主要港口遭到猛烈炮击后几小时内上岸。移民组织和难民署与国际医疗团合作，继续在难民和移民上岸后并在被利比亚当局转移到拘留中心和其他地方前向其提供医疗援助和核心救济物品。难民署报告，在海上被利比亚当局拦截的分别来自苏丹(25%)、马里(11%)、孟加拉国(8%)、科特迪瓦(8%)、尼日利亚(6%)和索马里(6%)。4 其余的来自撒哈拉以南非洲，主要是几内亚、加纳、塞内加尔、喀麦隆和厄立特里亚。超过 12%的来源国不详。根据现有数据，上岸的难民和移民中成年男子约占 81%，妇女占 11%，儿童占 8%。5 由于上岸和随后转移速度较快，在利比亚上岸的人中有 9%没有年龄或性别信息。虽然没有系统记录被拦截难民和移民中的残疾人数据，但估计 15%有某种形式的残疾。 | 10. Disembarkation in Libya remained dangerous. After a shooting incident in September 2019, during which one migrant was killed at the Abu Sittah military port, the Libyan coastguard diverted all disembarkation operations to the main port of Tripoli, a civilian port. Furthermore, in February 2020, about 200 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Tripoli hours after the city’s main port had been heavily shelled. IOM and UNHCR, in cooperation with the International Medical Corps, continued to provide medical assistance and core relief items to people upon disembarkation and before their transfer by the Libyan authorities to detention centres and other destinations. UNHCR reported that those intercepted at sea by the Libyan authorities originated primarily from the Sudan (25 per cent), Mali (11 per cent), Bangladesh (8 per cent), Côte d’Ivoire (8 per cent), Nigeria (6 per cent) and Somalia (6 per cent).4 The remaining persons originated from sub-Saharan Africa, mainly Guinea, Ghana, Senegal, Cameroon and Eritrea. The country of origin of over 12 per cent of the individuals was unknown. On the basis of available data, adult men accounted for about 81 per cent, women for 11 per cent and children for 8 per cent of those disembarked.5 No age or gender information was available for 9 per cent of those disembarked in Libya owing to the speed of disembarkation and subsequent transfer. While data on disabilities among intercepted refugees and migrants are not systematically recorded, it was estimated that 15 per cent of those disembarked had some form of disability. |
11. 移民和难民，包括严重移民偷运6 和人口贩运的受害者，在上岸后继续遭到利比亚打击非法移民局的任意和无限期拘留。虽然利比亚的正式拘留政策依然存在，但移民组织报告称，在 2019 年 9 月 1 日至 12 月 31 日期间，约 29%在利比亚上岸的难民和移民已被释放、在上岸地点逃脱、或被卖给人口贩运者。难民署称，从 2019 年 9 月 1 日至 2020 年 2 月 29 日，大约 36.5%海上拦截并上岸的难民和移民被转移到城市社区或被带到非拘留地点。但是，据移民组织报告，使用所谓“调查设施”的情况有所增加，在本报告所述期间，约 41%的获救人员被临时安置在这种设施。人道主义行为体进入这些设施受到很大限制。 | 11. Migrants and refugees, including victims of aggravated migrant smuggling6 and trafficking in persons, continued to be subjected to arbitrary and indefinite detention upon disembarkation by the Libyan Directorate for Combating Illegal Migration. While the formal policy of detention remains in place in Libya, IOM reported that, in the period from 1 September to 31 December 2019, about 29 per cent of the refugees and migrants disembarked in Libya were released or escaped from their disembarkation points or were sold to human traffickers. According to UNHCR, from 1 September 2019 to 29 February 2020, about 36.5 per cent of refugees and migrants intercepted at sea and disembarked were transferred to an urban community or taken to locations other than detention centres. However, as reported by IOM, there was an increase in the use of the so-called “investigation units”, in which about 41 per cent of persons rescued during the reporting period were transferred and temporarily housed. Humanitarian actors have had limited access to such facilities. |
12. 利比亚仍然是偷运难民和移民的重要目的地和转运地。但是，利比亚没有将贩运人口定为刑事犯罪的单独法律，许多移民偷运者和人口贩运者继续受到众所周知的民兵的保护。利比亚问题专家小组在提交安全理事会的最近报告(S/2019/914)中指出，向利比亚和通过利比亚向欧洲偷运移民和贩运人口仍然有利可图，但与 2018 年前相比，这一贸易已经崩溃。邻国法规的变化以及贩运路线上的局部冲突，迫使人们改变既定路线。这造成前往利比亚的路途时间更长，成本更高，也更危险。抵达利比亚的难民和移民大多成为国内人口贩运网络的受害者。专家小组并报告，利比亚的人口贩运变得更加分散，个人、武装团体和犯罪网络都能利用弱势个人获取廉价劳力、其他个人利益或经济利益。个人和武装团体一直在利比亚各地开设拘留中心和其他非正式关押设施。他们充当了人口贩运路线上的节点，难民和移民在经济、身体和心理上受到进一步虐待。7 | 12. Despite being an important destination as well as a transit country for smuggled refugees and migrants, Libya does not have stand-alone legislation criminalizing trafficking in persons, and many migrant smugglers and human traffickers have continued to be protected by well-known militias. The Panel of Experts on Libya, in its most recent report to the Security Council (S/2019/914), noted that migrant smuggling and human trafficking to and through Libya onward to Europe remained profitable, but that the trade had all but collapsed compared with the pre-2018 period. Changing regulations in neighbouring countries and localized clashes along trafficking routes had forced changes to established routes. This had made migration to Libya longer, costlier and more dangerous. Most of those who had reached Libya had become victims of human trafficking networks within the country. The Panel also reported that human trafficking in Libya had become a far more fragmented process, whereby individuals, armed groups and criminal networks alike had been able to exploit vulnerable individuals for low-cost labour or other personal or financial gain. Individuals and armed groups had been operating detention centres and other informal holding facilities throughout Libya. They had acted as nodes along the human trafficking routes, where refugees and migrants had been financially, physically and psychologically abused.7 |
三. 利比亚近海检查和扣押船只及相关行动 | III. Inspection and seizure of vessels off the coast of Libya and related efforts |
13. 会员国继续防止和打击利比亚沿海的偷运移民和贩运人口活动，以此支持安全理事会第 2240 (2015)号决议及包括第 2491(2019)号决议在内的其后各项决议。 | 13. Member States continued their efforts to prevent and combat the smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons off the coast of Libya, in support of Security Council resolution 2240 (2015) and subsequent resolutions, including resolution 2491 (2019). |
14. 2019 年 9 月，欧洲联盟理事会决定将欧盟海军地中海索菲亚行动的任务期限延长至 2020 年 3 月 31 日。索菲亚行动暂停部署海军资产，造成搜索和救援能力继续下降。行动在提前 14 天通知的情况下保持海军船只的行动，以便在欧洲联盟理事会政治和安全委员会的要求和指示下保持海上反应。行动报告称，继续部署航空资产支持核心任务，在地中海中南部阻断移民偷运者和人口贩运者的商业模式。8 在利比亚搜救区进行了空中巡逻，主要是在的黎波里塔尼亚和昔兰尼加以北地区。巡逻使用的航空资产并不与其他利益攸关方直接互动。在地中海中部观察遇难船只时，通过相关的海上救援协调中心传递所有信息。难民署指出，行动在利比亚搜救区发现的遇险船只经常被利比亚海岸警卫队和海军拦截，并且人员在利比亚上岸。 | 14. In September 2019, the Council of the European Union decided to extend the mandate of EUNAVFOR MED operation SOPHIA until 31 March 2020. The temporary suspension of the operation’s naval assets, however, remained in place, resulting in continued reduced search and rescue capacity. The operation maintained naval vessels with 14 days’ notice to move, so as to provide a maritime response if required and directed by the Political and Security Committee of the Council of the European Union. The operation reported that it continued to employ air assets in support of its core mandate to disrupt the business model of migrant smugglers and human traffickers in the southern central Mediterranean. 8 Air patrols were conducted within the Libyan Search and Rescue Region, primarily to the north of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica. The air assets on patrol did not interact directly with other stakeholders. When vessels in distress were observed in the central Mediterranean, all information was relayed through the relevant Maritime Rescue Coordination Centres. UNHCR noted that the vessels in distress detected by the operation in the Libyan Search and Rescue Region were frequently intercepted by the Libyan coastguard and navy and disembarked in Libya. |
15. 2020 年 2 月 17 日，欧洲联盟外交事务委员会达成协议，将于 2020 年 3 月结束欧洲联盟海军地中海索菲亚行动，并在地中海推出新的共同安全和防卫政策行动。行动的主要目标是协助执行安全理事会对利比亚实施的武器禁运——这是柏林进程的核心目标，并得到了安全理事会第 2509(2020)号和第 2510(2020)号决议的认可。欧洲联盟报告称，新的行动将发挥辅助作用，继续破坏人口偷运者的商业模式，并继续为利比亚海岸警卫队和海军提供培训。 | 15. On 17 February 2020, the European Union Foreign Affairs Council reached an agreement to close EUNAVFOR MED operation SOPHIA in March 2020 and to launch a new Common Security and Defence Policy operation in the Mediterranean. The main objective of the operation would be to contribute to enforcing the arms embargo imposed by the Security Council on Libya, which is a core objective of the Berlin Process and which was endorsed by the Security Council in its resolutions 2509 (2020) and 2510 (2020). The European Union reports that the new operation, through its supporting tasks, will continue efforts to disrupt the human smugglers’ business model and to train the Libyan coastguard and navy. |
四. 支持利比亚打击偷运移民和贩运人口行为并做出相关努力 | IV. Support to Libya and related efforts to combat migrant smuggling and trafficking in persons |
16. 在本报告所述期间，打击利比亚沿海偷运移民和贩运人口的措施包括，通过能力建设和培训加强利比亚海岸警卫队和打击非法移民局等利比亚边境管制机构。此外。安全理事会关于利比亚的第 1970(2011)号决议所设委员会于 2018 年 6月 7 日以参与偷运移民为由将 6 人列入名单，将其继续置于旅行禁令和资产冻结措施的限制之下。利比亚问题专家小组注意到，难以从会员国获得关于实施定向制裁的信息。此外，虽然在利比亚境内已经采取了必要的行政措施，但资产冻结尚未有效实施。这些措施的综合影响，特别是对流动民众安全的影响仍然难以确定。 | 16. During the reporting period, measures to counter migrant smuggling and trafficking in persons off the coast of Libya involved the strengthening of Libyan border control agencies, including the Libyan coastguard and the Directorate for Combating Illegal Migration, through capacity-building and training. In addition, the six individuals listed on 7 June 2018 by the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1970 (2011) concerning Libya for involvement in the smuggling of migrants continued to be subject to the travel ban and asset freeze measures. The Panel of Experts on Libya noted difficulties in acquiring information from Member States on the implementation of the targeted sanctions. Furthermore, although necessary administrative measures have been taken within Libya, the asset freeze measures have not yet been effectively implemented. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to ascertain the combined impact of those measures, particularly in relation to the safety of those on the move. |
17. 利比亚自 2004 年起一直是《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于防止、禁止和惩治贩运人口特别是妇女和儿童行为的补充议定书》和《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于打击陆、海、空偷运移民的补充议定书》的缔约国。为了创造条件推动利比亚海岸警卫队和海军逐步在利比亚领海自主执行这些议定书，欧盟海军地中海索菲亚行动自 2017 年 6 月起即逐步摆出退居二线的姿态，将工作重点转向通过提供设备支持能力建设。索菲亚行动报告，利比亚海岸警卫队和海军越来越多地在利比亚领海内外行使海岸警卫队的全部职能，包括执行搜索和拦截行动，主要在的黎波里、胡姆斯和米苏拉塔开展行动。 | 17. Since 2004, Libya has been a State party to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and th e Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. To create conditions for the Libyan coastguard and navy to progressively take ownership of the implementation of those Protocols within the territorial sea of Libya, EUNAVFOR MED operation SOPHIA, from June 2017, gradually assumed a second-line posture that has centred on capacity-building efforts supported by the provision of equipment. The operation reported that the Libyan coastguard and navy had increasingly exercised all coastguard functions in the territorial sea of Libya and beyond, including carrying out search and interception operations, operating mainly from Tripoli, Khums and Misratah. |
18. 欧盟海军地中海索菲亚行动还报告，2019 年 9 月 1 日至 2020 年 2 月 29 日，利比亚海岸警卫队和海军在利比亚搜救区域内执行了大约 65%的救援和拦截行动。索菲亚行动评估认为，利比亚海岸警卫队和海军的能力得到了进一步加强。2019 年，利比亚海岸警卫队和海军开始在海上同时协调几艘巡逻船，巡逻时间更长，在距离海岸更远的地方实施了夜间行动以及多次救援行动，目前正在利比亚搜救区范围内定期开展行动。意大利以前根据意大利与利比亚海岸警卫队和海军之间的双边谅解备忘录提供的资产构成了这一能力的核心。9 | 18. EUNAVFOR MED operation SOPHIA further reported that, from 1 September 2019 to 29 February 2020, the Libyan coastguard and navy performed roughly 65 per cent of the rescue and interception operations within the Libyan Search and Rescue Region. The operation’s assessment is that the capabilities of the Libyan coastguard and navy have been further strengthened. In 2019, the Libyan coastguard and navy began to coordinate several patrol vessels at sea concurrently, to achieve longer patrol times and to conduct night operations as well as multiple rescues at increased ranges from the coast, and now operates regularly at the limit of the Libyan Search and Rescue Region. The assets previously supplied by Italy under a bilateral memorandum of understanding between Italy and the Libyan coastguard and navy formed the core of that capability.9 |
2019 年 11 月，意大利还为领海巡逻提供了 10 艘近岸巡逻船。 | In November 2019, Italy also supplied 10 in-shore patrol vessels for patrolling the territorial sea. |
19. 在本报告所述期间，欧盟海军地中海索菲亚行动根据 2016 年与利比亚海岸警卫队和海军的谅解备忘录，继续对利比亚海岸警卫队和海军进行培训。截至2020 年 1 月 15 日，索菲亚行动培训了 477 名利比亚军事人员，包括 265 名海岸警卫队人员和 212 名海军军官。索菲亚行动继续与欧洲联盟成员国以及欧洲联盟执法合作署、国际刑事警察组织(国际刑警组织)、罗马国家中心局和欧洲边境和海岸警卫队机构等执法机构合作，对所有参与者进行审查，以确保入选者符合培训标准，特别是没有犯罪记录和非法活动嫌疑。培训包括关于急救、人权和与性别平等有关的课程。2019 年 12 月，作为压力适应培训课程的一部分，索菲亚行动首次在海上进行模拟，以使利比亚海岸警卫队和海军为某些行动和战术活动，例如搜救行动和瓦解偷运移民行动的复杂性和敏感性做好准备。 | 19. EUNAVFOR MED operation SOPHIA continued its training of the Libyan coastguard and navy during the reporting period on the basis of its memorandum of understanding of 2016 with the Libyan coastguard and navy. As at 15 January 2020, the operation had trained 477 Libyan military personnel, comprising 265 coastguard and 212 navy officers. The operation continued to vet all participants, in cooperation with States members of the European Union, law enforcement agencies such as the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol), the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), the National Central Bureau in Rome and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) to ensure that selected candidates meet the criteria for participation in the training, especially the absence of a criminal record and suspicions of illegal activities. The training included classes on first aid, human rights and gender-related aspects. In December 2019, the operation delivered its first simulation at sea as part of a stress inoculation training course, designed to prepare the Libyan coa stguard and navy for the complexities and sensitivities of certain operational and tactical activities, such as search and rescue and the disruption of migrant smuggling operations. |
20. 除培训外，对利比亚海岸警卫队和海军进行监测仍然是欧盟海军地中海索菲亚行动能力建设方案的一个关键要素。监测机制继续依靠利比亚海岸警卫队和海军作战室每天提供的信息进行运作。作为索菲亚行动常备任务的一部分，尽可能地监测和报告了利比亚海岸警卫队和海军的救援行动。2019 年 9 月 1 日至 2020年 2 月 29 日，监测了利比亚海岸警卫队和海军进行的 75%的拦截行动(69 次行动中的 52 次)，至少在部分监测中使用了行动的空中资产。索菲亚行动称，利比亚海岸警卫队及海军舰艇和人员在事件监测过程中的表现和行为一贯是专业的，同时，也报告了不安全拦截和登岸的情况。行动注意到，通过监测获得的信息用于查找培训差距，并为今后的培训课程提供信息。在 2019 年 9 月地中海共享情报避免互扰机制会议上，也讨论了培训需求。虽然行动原本打算通过在岸上部署人员来加强监督，但因利比亚安全局势动荡，没有开展这项工作。 | 20. In addition to training, monitoring of the Libyan coastguard and navy remains a key element of the capacity-building programme of EUNAVFOR MED operation SOPHIA. The monitoring mechanism continued to rely on daily information provided by the Libyan coastguard and navy operations room, remote monitoring by the operation’s air assets and periodic meetings between the operation and representatives of the Libyan coastguard and navy. As part of the operation’s standing tasking for its air assets, rescue operations by the Libyan coastguard and navy are monitored and reported on whenever possible. From 1 September 2019 to 29 February 2020, 75 per cent of the interceptions (52 of the 69 operations) conducted by the Libyan coastguard and navy were monitored, at least partially, by the operation’s air assets. According to the operation, the performance and behaviour of the Libyan coastguard and navy vessels and personnel during the monitored events had consistently been professional, while others reported instances of unsafe interception and disembarkation. The operation noted that the information obtained through its monitoring was used to identify training gaps and inform future training courses. It further noted that training needs had also been discussed at the Shared Awareness and Deconfliction in the Mediterranean (SHADE MED) conference in September 2019. While the operation had intended to enhance monitoring by deploying personnel ashore, this has not been possible to date owing to the volatile security situation in Libya. |
21. 我在上一份报告(S/2018/807，第 12 段)中谈及了利比亚海上救援协调中心的成立情况，预计该中心 2020 年达到全面作业能力。然而，欧洲联盟报告称，鉴于利比亚的安全局势，该中心的发展已被搁置，利比亚海岸警卫队正在协调塔霍伊拉港海岸警卫队作战室的搜救活动。欧洲联盟注意到，在本报告所述期间，利比亚海岸警卫队承担了处理海上事件的责任，越来越多地与罗马和马耳他的海上救援协调中心进行正式联络，并指导救援工作。利比亚海岸警卫队和海军继续依靠其他合作机制，包括欧盟海军地中海索菲亚行动、欧洲边境和海岸警卫队机构和区域海上救援协调中心，向利比亚海上救援中心提供的信息，探测利比亚搜救区内的船只。 | 21. The Libyan Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre, the establishment of which was described in my previous report (see S/2018/807, para. 12), had been expected to reach full operational capability by 2020. However, the European Union reports that the development of the Centre has been put on hold owing to the security situation in Libya and that the Libyan coastguard coordinates search and rescue activities from the coastguard operational room at the port of Tajura’. The European Union noted that, during the reporting period, the Libyan coastguard had taken responsibility for incidents at sea, increasingly conducting formal liaison with the Maritime Rescue Coordination Centres in Rome and Malta and directing the rescue efforts. The Libyan coastguard and navy continues to rely on information provided to the Libyan Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre by other cooperative mechanisms, including EUNAVFOR MED operation SOPHIA, Frontex and regional Maritime Rescue Coordination Centres, to detect boats in the Libyan Search and Rescue Region. |
22. 欧盟海军地中海索菲亚行动还通过信息共享和协调，加强了与欧警署、欧洲司法组织和欧洲边境和海岸警卫队机构等几个欧洲联盟机构的联系，并加强了与欧洲安全与合作组织、意大利国家反黑手党和反恐检察官办公室、国际刑事法院、移民组织、国际刑警组织、北大西洋公约组织、难民署、联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室(毒品和犯罪问题办公室)、联合国利比亚支助团和(联利支助团)利比亚问题专家小组等国家、国际和区域组织和实体的联系。索菲亚行动还与其他利益攸关方，特别是北约“海洋卫士行动”、欧洲边境和海岸警卫队机构和意大利“海洋安全行动”资产保持业务联系、信息共享和协调，以提高海上态势感知，更好地了解移民偷运者和人口贩运者的战术、技术和程序。索菲亚行动报告称，在 2019年期间，它与欧洲海事安全局建立了有效的关系，其中包括共享海洋图片信息和空中安全信息，以及资产消除冲突和业务联络。索菲亚行动与非政府组织的联络是通过每六个月举行一次的地中海共享情报避免互扰机制进行的，最近一次会议于 2019 年 9 月在罗马举行，近 100 个组织与会。 | 22. EUNAVFOR MED operation SOPHIA strengthened ties, including through information-sharing and coordination, with several European Union agencies, such as Europol, Eurojust and Frontex, as well as with national, international and regional organizations and entities, such as the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Office of the National Anti-Mafia and Counter-Terrorism Prosecutor of Italy, the International Criminal Court, IOM, INTERPOL, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), UNHCR, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) and the Panel of Experts on Libya. In addition, the operation maintained operational liaison, information-sharing and coordination with other stakeholders, notably NATO Operation Sea Guardian, Frontex and Italian assets of the “Mare Sicuro” operation, to improve maritime situational awareness and gain a better understanding of the tactics, techniques and procedures of migrant smugglers and human traffickers. The operation reported that, in 2019, it developed an effective relationship with the European Maritime Safety Agency, which included the sharing of maritime picture and air safety information, as well as asset deconfliction and liaison on operational issues. The operation liaised with NGOs through the biannual SHADE MED meetings, the most recent of which was held in Rome in September 2019 with the participation of close to 100 organizations. |
23. 在索菲亚行动暂停部署海军资产后，我上一份报告提及的犯罪信息小组(S/2019/711，第 25 段)迁至欧洲联盟海事部门司令部，继续促进地中海中部犯罪活动信息共享。该小组搜集并处理资料，包括个人资料，以重建有关犯罪组织的作案手法。欧洲联盟报告称，借助于欧洲偷运移民和贩运人口活动观察站的分析，索菲亚行动得以更好地了解偷运移民和贩运人口的现实情况。观察站还促进了军事情报和司法当局之间的信息交流和分析。其与意大利国家反黑手党和反恐局合作编写的第二份报告于 2019 年 9 月发布，其中分析了 2017 年 10 月 1 日至 2018年 12 月 31 日的数据。第三份报告预计将在 2020 年 7 月底之前定稿。 | 23. The crime information cell, described in my previous report (S/2019/711, para. 25), which was relocated ashore to the European Union Maritime Component Command following the temporary suspension by EUNAVFOR MED operation SOPHIA of naval assets, continues to facilitate information-sharing on criminal activities in the central Mediterranean Sea. It collects and processes information, including personal data, to reconstruct the modus operandi of the related criminal organizations. The European Union reported that the analysis of the European Observatory on Migrant Smuggling and Human Trafficking allowed the operation to better understand the reality of migrant smuggling and human trafficking. The Observatory has also facilitated the exchange of information and analysis among military intelligence and judicial authorities. The second report of the Observatory, with an analysis of data from 1 October 2017 to 31 December 2018, and developed in cooperation with the National Anti-Mafia and Counter-Terrorism Directorate of Italy, was published in September 2019. The third report is expected to be finalized by the end of July 2020. |
24. 欧洲联盟驻利比亚综合边境管理援助团继续根据 2018 年 12 月 17 日的任务规定，协助利比亚当局建设国家安全架构。欧洲联盟报告称，援助团与利比亚国家边境安全和管理小组一起完成了拟定边界管理广泛框架草案的工作，为利比亚边境安全和管理的全面体制改革做准备。援助团还继续制定海事战略、海上执法机构业务概念，并发展海岸警察的陆上和海上能力。为支持参与调查有组织犯罪的各机构之间的信息交流，援助团支持在利比亚设立了犯罪情报股，包括为未来的利比亚犯罪情报股工作人员制定个人资料要求，并为未来的犯罪情报股成员组织培训。援助团还与利比亚对口单位一起制定了一项关于犯罪情报股行动指挥室的计划。此外，援助团还扩大了金融犯罪领域的工作，包括调查贩运人口、偷运移民和恐怖主义案件及其这几个方面之间的联系。援助团在反恐、贩运和国际刑事法律互助领域与利比亚检察院密切合作，以加强对有组织犯罪的调查和起诉能力。援助团与国际和利比亚伙伴组织了几次圆桌会议和工作组，以解决打击偷运移民和贩运人口方面的能力问题。 | 24. In accordance with its mandate of 17 December 2018, the European Union Integrated Border Management Assistance Mission in Libya continues to assist Libyan authorities in the building of State security structures in the country. The European Union reported that the Mission finalized a draft broad framework for border management together with the Libyan National Team for Border Security and Management in preparation for a comprehensive institutional reform of Libyan border security and management. The Mission also continued to develop a maritime strategy, an operational concept for maritime law enforcement agencies and the inland and maritime capabilities of the coastal police. To support the exchange of information among agencies involved in investigating organized crime, the Mission supported the creation of a crime information unit in Libya, including through the development of profile requirements for future Libyan staff of the unit and the organization of training for future members of the unit. Together with Libyan counterparts, the Mission also developed a plan for an operations room of the unit. Furthermore, the Mission extended its work in the area of financial crimes, including in relation to investigations of trafficking in persons, smuggling of migrants and terrorism cases and the links between them. The Mission worked in close cooperation with the Libyan Prosecution Office in the areas of counter-terrorism, trafficking and international legal assistance in criminal matters, with a view to strengthening investigation and prosecution capacity to tackle organized crime. It organized several round tables and working groups with international and Libyan partners to address capacity issues related to tackling migrant smuggling and trafficking in persons. |
25. 2020 年 1 月，移民组织、毒品和犯罪问题办公室和联合国儿童基金会开始了一项关于利比亚境内偷运移民和贩运人口问题的联合研究，旨在进一步了解此类贩运者和偷运者基本情况，并了解他们在该国的作案手法。该研究将审查因长期冲突而加剧的人口贩运潜在受害者所面临的脆弱问题，以及如何在促进区域和国际合作的同时，解决在应对这些挑战方面最终存在的法律、政策和体制差距。2019年 10 月，毒品和犯罪问题办公室完成了利益攸关方摸底，确定了在利比亚打击贩运人口和偷运移民行为的相关团体。随后将进行人权风险评估，包括缓解措施和行动计划，将于 2020 年完成。 | 25. In January 2020, IOM, UNODC and the United Nations Children’s Fund embarked on a joint study on the smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons in Libya, with a view to increasing knowledge of the profile of traffickers and smugglers and understanding of their modus operandi in the country. The study will examine the vulnerabilities of potential victims of trafficking in persons exacerbated by prolonged conflict and ways to address eventual legal, policy and institutional gaps in responding to those challenges, while promoting regional and international cooperation. In October 2019, UNODC completed a mapping that identified relevant groups working to counter trafficking in persons and the smuggling of migrants in Libya. This will be followed by a human rights risk assessment, including mitigation measures and a plan of action, to be concluded in 2020. |
26. 作为支持建立一支具备对移民偷运和人口贩运打击技能的利比亚专业人员团队的倡议的一部分，移民组织向政府官员提供了四次关于打击人口贩运的培训，重点是国际法律框架、受害者保护和援助。2019 年 9 月，移民组织组织了一次关于打击偷运移民行为的区域培训，来自利比亚和尼日尔的人员参加了培训，还为利比亚当局举办了一次关于跨境合作的培训，来自利比亚、突尼斯和尼日尔的国家官员参加了培训。2019 年 8 月，欧洲联盟和毒品和犯罪问题办公室在欧洲联盟非洲稳定和铲除非正常移民和境内流离失所者根源紧急信托基金框架内启动了一个为期三年的项目，旨在瓦解在北非活动并参与偷运和贩运移民的犯罪网络。项目的目的是在利比亚和邻国加大工作力度，打击这两种罪行，加强国家刑事司法能力，维护移民、难民、寻求庇护者和其他弱势群体的权利。该项目重点加强在特定过境点和偷运路线沿线的主要枢纽城市的前线警察的侦察和拦截能力，同时保护贩运受害者和易受伤害的移民。 | 26. As part of an initiative to support the establishment of a team of Libyan professionals equipped with the skills to engage in countering migrant smuggling and trafficking in persons, IOM provided four training courses for government officials on countering trafficking in persons, focused on the international legal framework and victim protection and assistance. In September 2019, IOM organized a regional training course on countering the smuggling of migrants with participants from Libya and the Niger and conducted a training course for Libyan authorities on cross-border cooperation, in which State officials from Libya, Tunisia and the Niger participated. In August 2019, the European Union and UNODC, within the framework of the European Union emergency trust fund for stability and addressing root causes of irregular migration and displaced persons in Africa, launched a three -year project aimed at dismantling the criminal networks operating in North Africa and involved in migrant smuggling and trafficking in persons. The aim of the project is to step up efforts in Libya and neighbouring countries to combat both crimes, strengthen national criminal justice capacities and uphold the rights of migrants, refugees, asylum seekers and other vulnerable groups. The project focuses on enhancing the detection and interception capacities of front-line officers at selected border crossing points and key hub cities along smuggling routes, while protecting trafficking victims and vulnerable migrants. |
27. 截至 2020 年 2 月 28 日，难民署和移民组织确认，大约有 1 800 名难民和移民被拘留在利比亚的 11 个打击非法移民局拘留中心，其中大约 1 030 难民和移民被拘留在冲突区附近，面临与冲突有关的严重伤害风险。移民组织和难民署仅对打击非法移民局管理的官方拘留中心进行探访。尽管有准入限制，2019 年难民署及其合作伙伴、国际医疗团、十万火急-国际人道主义援助和利比亚人道主义救济局，对该局的拘留中心进行了 1 224 次保护监测或医疗探视。大多数被拘留者在拘留期间都面临身体暴力和性暴力。移民组织、难民署和合作伙伴继续主张将难民和移民从拘留中心释放出来，并在海上拦截或营救之后确立替代办法。 | 27. As at 28 February 2020, UNHCR and IOM identified about 1,800 refugees and migrants detained in 11 detention centres of the Directorate for Combating Illegal Migration in Libya, including about 1,030 refugees and migrants detained in close proximity to clashes and at serious risk of conflict-related harm. IOM and UNHCR undertake visits only to official detention centres under the administration of the Directorate. Despite access restrictions, UNHCR and its partners, International Medical Corps, Première urgence-Aide Humanitaire Internationale and the Libyan Humanitarian Relief Agency, conducted 1,224 protection monitoring or medical visits to detention centres of the Directorate in 2019. Most of the detainees have faced physical and sexual violence in detention. IOM, UNHCR and partners continued to advocate the release from detention of refugees and migrants and the establishment of alternatives to detention following interception or rescue at sea. |
28. 移民组织援助了 601 名被拘留和在城市地区的移民。根据移民组织自 2017年以来一直由欧洲联盟资助的寄宿家庭制度，已有 38 个家庭收容了 788 名移民(572 名男性和 216 名女性)。移民组织一直在与国际拘留问题联盟合作，拟订国家路线图和行动计划，在利比亚各地推出有别于拘留的措施。它还支持了一项能力建设计划，为被拘留的最脆弱的移民寻找替代方案。世界粮食计划署(粮食署)注意到，对拘留中心的援助可能被偷运和贩运移民者所利用，因此根据“无害”原则优先对利比亚进行了干预。鉴于向关押任意拘捕难民移民设施提供人道主义援助的微妙性，联合国人道主义国家工作队议定了一份关于在拘留中心提供食物的指导性文件。该文件详细说明了允许在拘留场所提供短期粮食援助的特殊条件，以此作为拯救生命的行动。粮食署正在开展的活动包括与移民组织合作，向拘留中心以外的约 25 000 名移民上门分发即食口粮，并以即食口粮的形式向阿布萨利姆拘留中心释放的移民提供快速援助。粮食署和移民组织通过定期的“移民脉搏”监测报告，为关于利比亚移民需求情况的数据的收集和分析做出了贡献，最新一份报告于 2019 年 11 月发布。 | 28. IOM assisted 601 migrants in detention and in urban areas. Under the IOM host family system, which has been funded by the European Union since 2017, 788 migrants (572 men and 216 women) have been hosted by 38 families. IOM has been working with the International Detention Coalition to prepare a national road map and an action plan to roll out alternatives to detention throughout Libya. It has also supported a capacity-building plan to find alternatives for the most vulnerable migrants in detention. The World Food Programme (WFP), mindful that assistance in detention centres could be a pull factor for migrant smuggling and trafficking in persons, has prioritized interventions in Libya in line with the principle of “do no harm”. Considering the delicate nature of providing humanitarian assistance in facilities that house arbitrarily detained refugees and migrants, the United Nations humanitarian country team agreed on a guiding document on the provision of food at detention centres, which outlines the exceptional conditions that allow for short-term food assistance at places of detention as a life-saving action. Ongoing activities of WFP have included door-to-door distribution of ready-to-eat food rations to some 25,000 migrants outside detention centres, in partnership with IOM, and rapid provision of ready-to-eat rations to migrants released from the Abu Salim detention centre. WFP and IOM have contributed to data collection and analysis of migrant needs in Libya through regular Migration Pulse monitoring reports, the most recent of which was released in November 2019. |
29. 截至 2019 年 12 月，移民组织确认利比亚境内有 654 000 名难民和移民，其中大部分来自尼日尔(137 544 人)、乍得(102 754 人)、埃及(99 938 人)和苏丹(74 609 人)。截至 2020 年 2 月 29 日，难民署在利比亚的行动登记了 48 079 名难民和寻求庇护者，包括来自阿拉伯叙利亚共和国(38%)、苏丹(28%)和厄立特里亚(12%)的国民。2019 年 9 月 1 日至 2020 年 2 月 29 日期间，难民署将 770名难民疏散到尼日尔、意大利、罗马尼亚和卢旺达。1 147 名难民被重新安置到第三国，要么直接从利比亚，要么在从利比亚疏散到尼日尔、罗马尼亚和卢旺达等国后重新安置。在此期间，移民组织通过其人道主义自愿回返方案支助了4 000 多名移民。 | 29. As at December 2019, IOM identified 654,000 refugees and migrants in Libya, the majority of whom were from the Niger (137,544), Chad (102,754), Egypt (99,938) and the Sudan (74,609). As at 29 February 2020, 48,079 refugees and asylum seekers were registered with UNHCR in Libya; they were primarily from the Syrian Arab Republic (38 per cent), the Sudan (28 per cent) and Eritrea (12 per cent). From 1 September 2019 to 29 February 2020, UNHCR evacuated 770 refugees to the Niger, Italy, Romania and Rwanda. A total of 1,147 refugees were resettled to third countries, either directly from Libya or after having been evacuated from Libya to the Niger, Romania or Rwanda. During the same period, IOM supported over 4,000 migrants through its voluntary humanitarian return programme. |
30. 在联合国人道主义事务协调厅确定的 2019 年利比亚需要人道主义援助的823 000 人中，大约一半(413 000 人)是难民和移民。人道主义伙伴计划根据 2019年利比亚人道主义应急计划，向其中 235 000 名难民和移民提供了援助，包括提供保护服务以及救命食品、非食品、住所、卫生和教育援助。截至 2019 年 11 月，至少 19 300 名移民和难民得到了某种形式的人道主义援助。2020 年，在估计需要人道主义援助的 324 000 名难民和移民中，将有 134 000 人(41%)成为人道主义伙伴的援助对象。 | 30. Of the 823,000 people identified by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs as being in need of humanitarian assistance in Libya in 2019, roughly half (413,000) were refugees and migrants. Humanitarian partners planned to target 235,000 of those refugees and migrants for assistance as part of the 2019 Libya Humanitarian Response Plan, including through protection services and the provision of life-saving food, non-food items, shelter, health care and education assistance. As at November 2019, at least 19,300 migrants and refugees had received some form of humanitarian assistance. In 2020, of the estimated 324,000 refugees and migrants in need of humanitarian assistance, 134,000 (41 per cent) would be targeted by humanitarian partners for assistance. |
五. 打击偷运移民和贩运人口的国际努力 | V. International efforts to combat migrant smuggling and trafficking in persons |
31. 持续的不稳定、薄弱和分裂的国家机构、武器扩散、掠夺性经济和日益增加的外部干预，为利比亚和该区域的移民偷运者和人口贩运者活动提供了肥沃的土壤。2019 年 9 月，联合国通过我的前利比亚问题特别代表加桑·萨拉梅先生和联利支助团，启动了与德国政府就利比亚问题进行协商的进程，以便有关会员国就利比亚危机达成国际共识，为利比亚内部关于该国未来的讨论铺平道路。这一进程导致了 2020 年 1 月 19 日举行的利比亚问题柏林国际会议。与会者商定了一份公报和行动文件，其中概述了结束利比亚冲突所需的六组一揽子活动。他们在会上敦促所有各方停止任意拘留，呼吁利比亚当局制定取代拘留的解决方案，特别是针对位于冲突高风险地区的拘留中心，逐步关闭移民和寻求庇护者拘留中心。与会者还呼吁利比亚当局修订利比亚关于移民和庇护的立法框架，使其符合国际法和国际公认的标准和原则。2020 年 2 月 12 日，安全理事会通过了第 2510(2020)号决议，认可柏林公报和行动文件的原则。 | 31. Persistent instability, weak and divided national institutions, the proliferation of weapons, a predatory economy and increasing external interference have provided fertile ground for the activities of migrant smugglers and human traffickers in Libya and the region. In September 2019, the United Nations, through my former Special Representative for Libya, Ghassan Salamé, and UNSMIL, initiated a process of consultations on Libya with the Government of Germany to forge international consensus among concerned Member States on the Libyan crisis and pave the way for intra-Libyan discussions about the future of the country. This process led to an international conference on Libya being held in Berlin on 19 January 2020. Participants agreed on a communiqué and an operationalization paper, which outlines six baskets of activities necessary to end the conflict in Libya. In their deliberations, they urged all parties to end the practice of arbitrary detention and called on the Libyan authorities to establish alternative solutions to detention, especially for centres located in high-risk areas of conflict, and to gradually close the detention centres for migrants and asylum seekers. Participants also called on the Libyan authorities to amend the Libyan legislative frameworks on migration and asylum to align them with international law and internationally recognized standards and principles. On 12 February 2020, the Security Council adopted resolution 2510 (2020), in which it endorsed the principles of the communiqué and the operationalization paper. |
32. 2019 年 12 月 16 日至 18 日在日内瓦举行的《难民问题全球契约》授权的第一届全球难民论坛上，宣布了对利比亚的两项承诺。马耳他承诺帮助改善利比亚难民和移民的保护环境，国际医疗团承诺加强从事卫生保健的国家行为者的能力，特别是精神保健。在论坛上作出的承诺旨在帮助减轻难民和收容社区的困境，通过可预测和公平的负担和责任分担制度支持收容国。 | 32. At the first Global Refugee Forum, which was mandated by the global compact on refugees and took place in Geneva from 16 to 18 December 2019, two pledges were announced for Libya. Malta pledged to help to improve the protection environment for refugees and migrants in Libya, and the International Medical Corps committed itself to strengthening the capacities of national actors working on health, in particular mental health. The commitments made at the Forum wer e intended to contribute to alleviating the plight of refugees and host communities, and to support host countries with a predictable and equitable system of burden- and responsibility-sharing. |
33. 为应对我在上次报告(S/2019/711)中提出的改善主要行为体之间信息共享的迫切需要，加强预防能力，毒品和犯罪问题办公室开设了联合国偷运移民观察站，最初为期两年。观察站将监测西非和北非偷运移民的趋势和路线，利比亚则是重要的目的地国和主要过境枢纽。观察站旨在提供关于移民偷运者作案手法的证据；偷运路线；使用偷运服务的人力成本，例如绑架勒索的风险；提高人们对移民路线危险的认识。自 2019 年年中以来，毒品和犯罪问题办公室一直通过在该区域原籍国、过境国和目的地国的实地工作，与流动人口、执法人员、民间社会和其他主要行为体一起收集初步信息和数据。除此之外，还在原籍国进行定期调查，重点是潜在移民的行程规划和与移民偷运者的潜在接触。 | 33. In response to the urgent need identified in my previous report (S/2019/711) for improved information-sharing between key actors to enhance preventive capacity, UNODC launched a United Nations observatory on the smuggling of migrants for an initial period of two years. The observatory will monitor trends in and routes for the smuggling of migrants in West and North Africa, with Libya as an important destination country and key transit hub. The observatory will aim to provide evidence of the modus operandi of migrant smugglers, smuggling routes and the human cost of using smuggling services, such as the risk of kidnapping for extortion, and to raise awareness of the dangers along migration routes. Since mid-2019, UNODC has been gathering initial information and data through fieldwork in origin, transit and destination countries in the region, in cooperation with people on the move, law enforcement bodies, civil society and other key actors. This work has been complemented by regular surveys in origin countries focusing on journey planning by prospective migrants and potential engagement with migrant smugglers. |
34. 突尼斯报告，它继续检查海上过境的商船和渔船，特别是从利比亚到突尼斯港口的商船和渔船，核实其货物和船员身份。突尼斯监测有可疑活动的船只，并报告，如有必要，突尼斯将与邻国协调，进行干预并为救援行动做出贡献。加拿大报告，它仍在努力打击偷运移民和贩运人口，2019 年通过联合国和合作伙伴提供 350 万美元，支持利比亚最弱势群体，包括难民和移民的人道主义需求。欧洲委员会报告，它一直制定一项行动计划，旨在克服与偷运移民相关案件中的起诉和司法挑战。该计划旨在促进相关利益攸关方之间的信息交流和知识交流，促进来源国、过境国和目的地国之间的合作。预计计划将于 2020 年 6 月提交欧洲犯罪问题委员会批准和通过。 | 34. Tunisia reported that it continued to inspect commercial vessels and fishing vessels in transit at sea, especially those travelling from Libya to Tunisian ports, to verify their cargo and the identity of their crews. Tunisia monitored ships for suspicious activity and reported that it would, if necessary, intervene and contribute to rescue operations, in coordination with neighbouring countries. Canada report ed that it remained engaged in efforts to counter migrant smuggling and trafficking in persons and that it had supported the humanitarian needs of the most vulnerable communities in Libya, including refugees and migrants, through the provision of $3.5 million in 2019, channelled through the United Nations and partners. The Council of Europe reported that it had been developing an action plan aimed at overcoming prosecutorial and judicial challenges in cases related to migrant smuggling. The plan seeks to facilitate the exchange of information and knowledge among relevant stakeholders and to boost cooperation among source, transit and destination countries. The plan is expected to be submitted to the European Committee on Crime Problems for approval and adoption in June 2020. |
六. 关键问题 | VI. Key issues |
35. 利比亚 2004 年加入了《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》，但如我以往报告指出，利比亚没有加入 1951 年《关于难民地位的公约》。它签署了1969 年《非统组织关于非洲难民问题某些特定方面的公约》。与此同时，利比亚尚未通过庇护立法或建立庇护程序。我继续关切地注意到，根据利比亚法律，所有非正常入境、逗留或离境继续被定为犯罪。利比亚当局没有充分承认难民署在提供和监督国际保护的应用方面的任务。联合国与利比亚政府协商，在利比亚根据《1979 年国际海上搜寻救助公约》所做承诺的基础上，起草了海上救援标准作业程序。然而，在实践中，在采用这些标准作业程序方面进展甚微。 | 35. Libya acceded to the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families in 2004. As noted in my previous reports, Libya is not party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. It is, however, a signatory to the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa. Meanwhile, Libya has not yet adopted asylum legislation or established asylum procedures. I continue to be concerned that, under Libyan law, all irregular entries, stays or departures continue to be criminalized and that Libyan authorities do not fully recognize the mandate of UNHCR in providing and overseeing the application of international protection. The United Nations, in consultation with the Government of Libya, has drafted standard operating procedures on rescue at sea, which build on the commitments of Libya under the 1979 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue. In practice, however, there has been little progress towards the adoption of the draft procedures. |
36. 对在利比亚上岸的难民和移民的持续、系统和任意拘留令人震惊。截至 2020年 2 月 28 日，全国有 11 个官方拘留中心仍在运作，而一些拘留中心因冲突或政府部队失去领土控制而关闭。尽管民族团结政府内政部长 2019 年 8 月宣布关闭塔朱拉、米苏拉塔和胡姆斯三个拘留中心，但据报告其中至少有一个仍在运作。打击非法移民局拘留中心在内政部注册，由武装团体运营。在 2019 年 4 月哈夫塔尔将军的利比亚国民军部队袭击的黎波里之后，这些武装团体参与了支持民族团结政府的战斗。联合国继续收到关于一些拘留中心储存重型武器和弹药的报告。拘留中心的难民和移民继续被迫劳动，包括装载武器和修理属于武装团体的机关枪和汽车。2020 年 1 月 27 日，联利支助团和联合国人权事务高级专员办事处发布了关于 2019 年 7 月 2 日对塔朱拉拘留中心的空袭的报告，呼吁追究对导致至少 53 名难民和移民死亡的袭击负责的人的责任。 | 36. The continuing systematic and arbitrary detention of refugees and migrants who disembark in Libya is alarming. As at 28 February 2020, 11 official detention centres across the country remained operational, while some detention centres had closed owing to clashes or the loss of territorial control by government forces. Despite the announcement in August 2019 by the Minister of the Interior of the Gov ernment of National Accord of the closure of three detention centres in Tajura’, Misratah and Khums, at least one of them reportedly remains operational. Detention centres of the Directorate are registered with the Ministry of the Interior and operated by armed groups. These armed groups engaged in the fighting in support of the Government of National Accord following the assault on Tripoli by the Libyan National Army forces led by General Khalifa Haftar in April 2019. The United Nations continues to receiv e reports of heavy weapons and ammunition being stored at several detention centres. Refugees and migrants in detention centres continue to be subjected to forced labour, including being forced to load weapons and repair machine guns and cars belonging to armed groups. On 27 January 2020, UNSMIL and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights released a report on the air strike of 2 July 2019 on the Tajura’ detention centre, in which they called for accountability for those responsible for the attack, which resulted in the death of at least 53 refugees and migrants. |
37. 拘留中心的条件仍然十分恶劣，普遍缺乏食物和医疗保健自 2019 年 12 月下旬以来，扎维亚、苏哈米(胡姆斯 2 号)和萨布拉塔哈的打击非法移民局拘留中心的食物非常有限。经常有报告称，该局的一些官员使用酷刑、强迫失踪以及性暴力和性别暴力，包括强奸等手段。难民和移民在试图逃离时遭到枪击，并且通常得不到医疗救助。还有报告称，被拘留者面临设施管理层的威胁和惩罚，联合国收到了涉及该局管理层的腐败指控。偷运截至 2020 年 2 月 28 日，扎维亚拘留中心仍有关于贩运人口、偷运移民和可能的强迫失踪的报告，该中心拘留了 373 名难民和移民。从拘留中心，包括在胡姆斯的一个非官方拘留中心失踪的大量移民仍然下落不明。关于利比亚残疾难民和移民的分类数据很少，他们在拘留中心特别容易遭受暴力。 | 37. Conditions inside detention centres remain appalling, with a general lack of food and health care. For example, since late December 2019, detention centres of the Directorate for Combating Illegal Migration in Zawiyah, Suq al-Khamis (Khums 2) and Sabratah have had very limited food. The use of torture, enforced disappearances sexual and gender-based violence, including rape, at the hands of some officials of the Directorate are commonly reported. Refugees and migrants have been shot at when attempting to flee captivity, and medical attention has often not been provided. There were also reports that persons in detention faced threats and punishment from those managing the detention centres, and the United Nations has received claims of corruption involving the Directorate’s management. Trafficking in persons, smuggling of migrants and possible enforced disappearances continued to be reported at the Zawiyah detention centre, where 373 refugees and migrants were detained as at 28 February 2020. The whereabouts of a large number of migrants who disappeared from detention centres, including an unofficial detention centre in Khums, remain unknown. While disaggregated data on refugees and migrants with disabilities in Libya are scarce, such refugees and migrants continue to be at particular risk of violence in detention centres. |
38. 在利比亚被拘留的难民和移民，妇女和女童以及男子和男童，继续面临性暴力和性别暴力的高风险。实施性暴力者不受惩罚。包括强奸在内的性暴力被一些打击非法移民局的警卫和武装团体用作一种酷刑形式，并作为控制和羞辱难民和移民的常规方法。虐待和剥削妇女和女童以及男子和男童的目的是向其家庭勒索钱财。妇女通常被关押在没有女看守的设施。她们被男看守剥光衣服，或当着男看守的面被搜身。在卫生设施中，全然无视她们的隐私。妇女和女童仍然无法获得性健康和生殖健康服务，包括经期卫生用品和孕妇或哺乳妇女食品。拘留中心的难民和移民面临剥削和虐待的风险，包括性暴力和性别暴力。 | 38. Detained refugees and migrants in Libya, both women and girls as well as men and boys, remain at a high risk of sexual and gender-based violence, which continues to be perpetrated with impunity. Sexual violence, including rape, has been used as a form of torture by some guards of the Directorate for Combating Illegal Migration and armed groups and as a routine method for controlling and humiliating refugees and migrants. Abuse and exploitation of women and girls as well as men and boys have been perpetrated with the aim of extorting money from their families. Women are routinely held in facilities without female guards and strip-searched by, or in front of, male guards, and there is a systematic disregard for their privacy in sanitation facilities. Women and girls continue to lack access to sexual and reproductive health services, including menstrual hygiene products and provisions for pregnant and nursing women. Refugees and migrants outside detention centres, in particular those hired for casual work, face risks of exploitation and abuse, including sexual and gender-based violence. |
39. 随着时间的推移，在没有强有力国家机构的情况下，移民偷运者或人贩子与拘留系统掌权者之间的关系产生了一种利润丰厚的商业模式，主要集中在该国北部和西部沿海地区。塞卜哈、库夫拉、塔济尔布、别拉克沙蒂、舒韦雷夫、巴尼瓦利德、纳斯马和扎维亚的贩运者和偷运者在利比亚人领导、常由外国人管控的武装犯罪团伙控制的营地里拘留了数百名难民和移民。在巴尼瓦利德，数十具难民和移民尸体被丢弃在干涸的河床和沙漠，他们死在人贩子和移民偷运犯的营地中，死于酷刑、疾病和枪杀。另外，出钱买通被偷运到欧洲的情况经常发生，越来越多的难民和移民遭到绑架被勒索赎金，或遭受酷刑被逼付钱。 | 39. Over time, and in the absence of strong State institutions, the relationship between migrant smugglers or human traffickers and those in control of the detention system has generated a lucrative business model, concentrated mainly in the coastal north and the west of the country. Traffickers and smugglers in Sabha, Kufrah, Tazirbu, Birak al-Shati’, Shuwayrif, Bani Walid, Nasamah and Zawiyah have detained hundreds of refugees and migrants in compounds under the control of armed criminal gangs led by Libyans and often managed by foreign nationals. In Bani Walid, the dead bodies of dozens of refugees and migrants have been dumped in dry riverbeds and in the desert following deaths in captivity at the hands of human traffickers and migrant smugglers as a result of torture, disease and gunshots. Furthermore, offers to be smuggled to Europe in return for payment were frequent, and there was an increase in the number of refugees and migrants kidnapped for ransom and subjected to torture to extract payment. |
七. 意见 | VII. Observations |
40. 我仍对地中海的局势感到震惊，成千上万的难民和移民继续冒着生命危险试图到达欧洲。随着从利比亚到欧洲人数的增加，地中海中部有数百难民和移民死亡或失踪，仍然是一条致命的旅途。有证据显示，在妇女儿童尤其容易溺水。搜索和救援能力有限，进一步加剧了这条线路上难民和移民的危险。我呼吁会员国在地中海开展、支持和促进搜索和救援行动，确保安全上岸安排，维护不推回义务以及需要国际保护的人寻求和享受庇护的权利。 | 40. I remain alarmed at the situation in the Mediterranean Sea, where thousands of refugees and migrants continue to risk their lives attempting to reach Europe. As the number of departures from Libya to Europe increases, the central Mediterranean remains a deadly route, with hundreds of refugees and migrants perishing or going missing on their journeys. There is evidence that women and children are at particular risk of drowning. The dangers facing refugees and migrants on this route are further exacerbated by the diminished search and rescue capacity. I appeal to Member States to carry out, support and facilitate search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean, and to ensure safe disembarkation arrangements that uphold the principle of non-refoulement and the right to seek and enjoy asylum for those in need of international protection. |
41. 我要再次感谢那些冒着巨大风险继续在海上拯救生命的人。我感谢允许载有难民和移民的船只在其港口迅速上岸的会员国，以及在上岸后接收难民和移民的会员国。然而，我关切地看到欧洲国家仍然没有可预测的和全面的上岸协议。接受大多数通过海路抵达欧洲的难民和移民的欧洲联盟成员国，应该得到其他成员国的声援。2018 年，国际移民组织和难民署发布了关于地中海获救人员区域上岸机制的联合提案。一些欧洲联盟成员国 2019 年 9 月商定的《马耳他宣言》，以及2019 年 11 月制定从意大利和马耳他临时迁出的辅助标准作业程序，都是有希望的进展。我呼吁欧洲联盟在团结和责任的指导下，继续努力达成可信、可预测并包含所有会员国的协议。我重申，联合国系统仍有条件支持这种方法。并且，重要的是，在地中海作业的所有人道主义船只以及参与人道主义行动的商船的救生努力都得到承认，并确保取消和避免船只对上岸的任何限制和拖延。 | 41. I would like to reiterate my appreciation to those who continue to save lives at sea at considerable risk. I am grateful to those Member States that allow vessels with refugees and migrants to promptly disembark in their ports and to those that receive refugees and migrants following disembarkation. However, I am concerned that there is still no predictable and comprehensive disembarkation agreement among European States. The member States receiving the majority of the refugees and migrants arriving in Europe by sea deserve the solidarity of their fellow European Union countries. In 2018, IOM and UNHCR released a joint proposal for a regional disembarkation mechanism for persons rescued in the Mediterranean. The Malta Declaration, agreed by some States members of the European Union in September 2019, and the development of supporting standard operating procedures in November 2019 for ad hoc relocation exercises from Italy and Malta were promising developments. I call on the European Union to continue to work towards a credible and predictable agreement for disembarkation encompassing all member States, guided by solidarity and responsibility, and I reiterate the availability of the United Nations system to support such an approach. Furthermore, it is important to recognize the life-saving efforts of all humanitarian vessels operating in the Mediterranean Sea, as well as merchant vessels participating in humanitarian oper ations, and to ensure that any restrictions on, and delays in, disembarkation by those vessels are lifted and avoided. |
42. 欧盟海军地中海索菲亚行动和其他飞机加强空中监视，在早期发现离开利比亚海岸的船只方面发挥了越来越大的作用。这使得在海上无助的船只能够得到快速反应。然而，船只被发现，包括在利比亚领海外的海域被发现，往往导致人们在利比亚上岸，陷入不安全境地。我谨提醒所有会员国履行国际法义务，将海上获救人员送到安全地方，在维护其人权的条件下，包括遵守不推回原则。正如我在以往报告中指出，鉴于利比亚动荡的安全局势，以及难民和移民经常遭受的严重侵犯和践踏人权行为，包括任意拘留，利比亚不具备作为安全地点或安全第三国上岸的资格。 | 42. Increased aerial surveillance by EUNAVFOR MED operation SOPHIA and other planes has played a growing role in the early detection of boats departing from the Libyan coast and has allowed for a speedy response to boats that are helpless at sea. However, the detection of boats, including in maritime areas beyond the territorial sea of Libya, too often contributed to people being disembarked in Libya under unsafe conditions. I wish to remind all Member States of their obligations under international law to ensure that persons rescued at sea be delivered to a place of safety and in conditions that uphold their human rights, including adherence to the principle of non-refoulement. As outlined in my previous reports, given the volatile security situation in Libya and the serious human rights violations and abuses to which refugees and migrants are often subjected, including arbitrary detention, Libya does not qualify as a place of safety or as a safe third country for the purpose of disembarkation. |
43. 在本报告所述期间，利比亚海岸警卫队和海军拦截或营救了数千名试图穿越地中海前往欧洲的难民和移民。利比亚当局越来越多地承担起更多责任，显示出拯救海上遇险人员的决心，即使是在非常具有挑战性的情况下。我欢迎欧洲联盟、会员国和联合国行为体努力支持和培训利比亚海岸警卫队和海军，包括进行人权和保护事务培训，确保难民和移民的安全继续成为拦截、救援以及上岸安置的优先事项。 | 43. Over the reporting period, the Libyan coastguard and navy intercepted or rescued thousands of refugees and migrants attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea towards Europe. Libyan authorities have increasingly taken on more responsibility and have shown a commitment to save those in danger at sea, even in very challenging circumstances. I welcome the efforts of the European Union, Member States and United Nations actors to support and train the Libyan coastguard and navy, including on human rights and protection matters to ensure that the safety of refugees and migrants remains a priority during interception and rescue, as well as following disembarkation. |
44. 我注意到欧洲联盟外交事务理事会 2020 年 2 月 17 日达成协议，停止欧盟海军地中海索菲亚行动，并启动一项新的欧盟行动，包括空中、卫星和海军资产，以根据安全理事会第 2509(2020)号决议监测利比亚武器禁运的执行情况。我要感谢欧洲联盟自 2015 年以来为支持安全理事会第 2240(2015)号决议和随后的决议所做的努力。 | 44. I take note of the agreement reached on 17 February 2020 by the Foreign Affairs Council of the European Union to close EUNAVFOR MED operation SOPHIA and to launch a new European Union operation, including aerial, satellite and naval assets, to monitor the implementation of the Libyan arms embargo pursuant to Security Council resolution 2509 (2020). I would like to thank the European Union for its efforts since 2015 in support of Security Council resolution 2240 (2015) and subsequent resolutions. |
45. 人口贩运者和移民偷运者继续利用利比亚动荡的安全局势，破坏和平努力。停止战斗并为利比亚冲突找到持久、可持续的解决办法仍然是首要目标。鉴于2019 冠状病毒病大流行病在全世界迅速蔓延，曾发出实现全球停火的呼吁。根据这一呼吁，必须立即停止所有军事行动，所有行为者必须遵守人道主义休战，使国家和地方卫生当局能够应对病毒带来的公共卫生挑战。持久停火仍然至关重要，全面执行武器禁运仍是关键的短期目标。我呼吁所有会员国全面执行安全理事会第 2509(2020)号和第 2510(2020)号决议，支持联合国努力鼓励各方停止敌对行动，重返和平进程。我敦促所有会员国支持联合国努力结束利比亚冲突，恢复该国稳定，为利比亚全体人民创造和平繁荣的未来。我希望 2020 年 1 月 19 日利比亚问题柏林会议的所有与会者，按照安全理事会第 2510(2020)号决议履行承诺，包括对国际人道、人权和难民法方面的承诺。联合国仍然致力于支持所有利比亚人解决结构性治理和安全问题，包括支持当局结束对移民和难民的任意拘留，逐步关闭拘留中心。 | 45. Human traffickers and migrant smugglers continue to exploit the volatile security situation in Libya and contribute to undermining efforts towards peace. Bringing about an end to the fighting and finding lasting, sustainabl e solutions to the Libyan conflict remains the overarching goal. In the wake of the COVID-19 global pandemic, I have called for an immediate global ceasefire in all corners of the world. In line with that call, the immediate halt of all military operations and the adherence by all actors to a humanitarian truce in Libya is critical to ensuring that national and local health authorities are able to respond to the public health challenge posed by the virus. A lasting ceasefire remains essential, and the full implementation of the arms embargo remains a critical short-term goal. I call on all Member States to fully implement Security Council resolutions 2509 (2020) and 2510 (2020), and to support efforts by the United Nations to encourage the parties to cease hostilities and return to the peace process. I urge all Member States to support the efforts of the United Nations to end the conflict in Libya and restore stability in the country for a peaceful and prosperous future for all people in Libya. It is my hope that all participants of the conference on Libya held in Berlin on 19 January 2020 fulfil their commitments, including with respect to international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, in accordance with Security Council resolution 2510 (2020). The United Nations remains committed to supporting all Libyans in addressing structural govern ance and security issues, including by supporting the authorities in ending the arbitrary detention of migrants and refugees and progressively closing detention centres. |
46. 在利比亚监禁难民和移民是不可容忍的，也不符合国际法。我感到震惊的是，许多难民和移民继续被困在拘留中心，他们有可能继续受到国内战斗的严重伤害。所有难民和移民，尤其是妇女和女童，在穿越利比亚的旅途中，包括在拘留中心，面临的性暴力和性别暴力是不可接受的，迫切需要解决。我呼吁利比亚当局履行国际法规定的义务，与联合国各实体密切协调，努力关闭所有拘留中心，释放所有拘留的难民和移民，立即考虑以符合人权的非拘禁方法取代拘留。鉴于 2019 冠状病毒病大流行病的影响，这一呼吁变得更加紧迫，拘留中心过度拥挤、卫生条件差，将加快病毒的传播，并对被拘留者和利比亚人民产生灾难性影响。与此同时，我再次呼吁联合国各实体不受阻碍地进入拘留中心。 | 46. Incarcerating refugees and migrants in Libya is intolerable and inconsistent with international law. I am appalled that many refugees and migrants continue to be trapped in detention centres, where they remain at risk of being seriously harmed by fighting in the country. The sexual and gender-based violence that all refugees and migrants, but women and girls especially, face during their journey through Libya, including in detention centres, is unacceptable and needs to be addressed as a matter of urgency. I appeal to the Libyan authorities to fulfil their obligations under international law and to work towards the closure of all detention centres, in close coordination with United Nations entities, and to release all detained refugees and migrants and immediately consider human rights-compliant and non-custodial alternatives to detention. This appeal to release refugees and migrants from detention centres has taken on even greater urgency in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, as overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in detention centres will propagate the spread of the virus and have a devastating impact on those detained as well as on Libyans. In the meantime, I reiterate my call for unhindered access to the detention centres for United Nations entities. |
47. 通过利比亚的人口贩运者和移民偷运者继续依赖于便利向邻国和更广泛区域流动的物流和其他安排的人员网络。我深为关切地注意到，利比亚沿海对内对外的偷运移民和贩运人口活动仍然没有受到法律制裁，我呼吁有关当局确保区域内受移民偷运者和人口贩运者及其帮凶虐待的受害者能够诉诸司法和获得基本服务。我并呼吁有关当局确保追究残酷虐待利比亚境内难民和移民的人，包括拘留中心严重侵犯人权的人，确保受害者得到需要的援助。 | 47. Traffickers in persons and smugglers of migrants through Libya continue to rely on networks of people who facilitate the logistics of, and other arrangements for, movements to neighbouring countries and the wider region. I am deeply concerned about the impunity with which the smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons towards, through and off the coast of Libya continue, and I call upon the relevant authorities to ensure that those who have fallen victim to abuse at the hands of smugglers, traffickers and their enablers across the region have access to justice and that those responsible are held to account. I further call upon all relevant authorities to ensure that those responsible for the horrific abuses perpetrated against refugees and migrants in Libya, including the grave human rights violations in detention centres, are held to account and that victims receive the assistance they need. |
48. 我高兴地看到一些极其脆弱的难民通过现有的人道主义走廊撤离了利比亚。鉴于目前 2019 冠状病毒病大流行病疫情，我希望这种撤出能够继续进行并尽可能扩大10 可以通过增加重新安置、家庭团聚、私人赞助、人道主义签证和返回第一接纳国，或在适当情况下返回移民原籍国来实现扩大。联合国将继续支持难民和移民安全运送和撤离利比亚，同时要认识到 2019 冠状病毒病大流行病疫情带来的限制。在第一接纳国还迫切需要谋生机会。我们需要在安全、正常和有尊严的移民道路上取得进展，促进和保护人权。如果没有这些通道，难民和移民将继续进行危险的旅行，包括前往地中海，这使他们面临更大的人口贩运和移民偷运者虐待的风险。 | 48. I am encouraged by the existing humanitarian corridors allowing some extremely vulnerable refugees to be evacuated out of Libya, and I am hopeful that these can continue and expand as far as possible given the current COVID-19 outbreak.10 This expansion can be achieved through increasing opportunities for resettlement, family reunification, private sponsorship, humanitarian visas and returns to first countries of admission or, where appropriate in the case of migrants, countries of origin. The United Nations will continue to support the safe transportation and evacuation of refugees and migrants out of Libya, while being mindful of any limitations resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Livelihood opportunities in first countries of admission are also urgently needed. Progress must be made towards safe, regular and dignified migration pathways that promote and protect human rights. In the absence of such pathways, refugees and migrants will continue to make precarious journeys, including towards the Mediterranean, putting them at a heightened risk of human trafficking and abuses by migrant smugglers. |
大会 Distr.: General | General Assembly Distr.: General |
24 April 2019 | 24 April 2019 |
Original: English(C) 290419 290419 | 9-06707 (E) 260419 |
(C) 290419 290419*1906707* | *1906707* |
第七十三届会议 | Seventy-third session |
议程项目 166 | Agenda item 166 |
安全理事会第 1863(2009)号决议引起的活动经费的筹措 | Financing of the activities arising from Security Council resolution 1863 (2009) |
联合国索马里支助办公室 2017 年 7 月 1 日至 2018 年 6 月 30 日期间预算执行情况和 2019 年 7 月 1 日至 2020 年 6 月 30 日期间拟议预算 | Budget performance for the period from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2018 and proposed budget for the period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020 of the United Nations Support Office in Somalia |
行政和预算问题咨询委员会的报告 | Report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions |
2017/18 年度批款 582 000 000 美元 | Appropriation for 2017/18 $582,000,000 |
2017/18 年度支出 571 498 500 美元 | Expenditure for 2017/18 $571,498,500 |
2017/18 年度未支配余额 10 501 500 美元 | Unencumbered balance for 2017/18 $10,501,500 |
2018/19 年度批款 558 152 300 美元 | Appropriation for 2018/19 $558,152,300 |
2018/19 年度预计支出 a 558 144 100 美元 | Projected expenditure for 2018/19a $558,144,100 |
2018/19 年度预计支出结余 8 200 美元 | Projected underexpenditure for 2018/19 $8,200 |
2019/20 年度秘书长提议数 569 506 600 美元 | Proposal submitted by the Secretary-General for 2019/20 $569,506,600 |
2019/20 年度行预咨委会建议调整数 (248 500 美元) | Adjustment recommended by the Advisory Committee for 2019/20 ($248,500) |
2019/20 年度行预咨委会建议数 569 258 100 美元 | Recommendation of the Advisory Committee for 2019/20 $569,258,100 |
a 截至 2019 年 1 月 31 日的估计数。 | a Estimates as at 31 January 2019. |
一. 导言 | I. Introduction |
1. 在审议联合国索马里支助办公室(联索支助办)经费筹措问题期间，行政和预算问题咨询委员会会晤了秘书长代表，后者提供了补充资料并作了澄清，最后在2019 年 4 月 16 日提供了书面回复。行预咨委会审查的文件和用作背景资料的文件列于本报告末尾。行预咨委会关于维持和平行动共有问题的评论意见和建议，包括关于审计委员会 2017 年 7 月 1 日至 2018 年 6 月 30 日期间联合国维持和平行动的审计结果和建议的评论意见和建议，可参见其相关报告(A/73/755)。 | 1. During its consideration of the financing of United Nations Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS), the Advisory Committee met with representatives of the Secretary-General, who provided additional information and clarification, concluding with written responses received on 16 April 2019. The documents reviewed and those used for background by the Committee are listed at the end of the present report. The comments and recommendations of the Committee on cross-cutting issues related to peacekeeping operations, including those pertaining to the findings and recommendations of the Board of Auditors on the United Nations peacekeeping operations for the period from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2018, can be found in its related report (A/73/755). |
二. 2017 年 7 月 1 日至 2018 年 6 月 30 日期间预算执行情况报告 | II. Budget performance report for the period from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2018 |
2. 大会第 71/311 号决议批款毛额 582 000 000 美元(净额 576 973 600 美元)，用作联索支助办 2017 年 7 月 1 日至 2018 年 6 月 30 日期间维持费。该期间支出共计毛额 571 498 500 美元(净额 564 813 500 美元)，预算执行率为 98.2%。由此产生的未支配余额毛额 10 501 500 美元占批款的 1.8%，是以下因素的综合影响：(a) 军事和警务人员(5 814 000 美元，即 3.4%)和业务费用(19 115 100 美元，即5.5%)项下支出低于预算；(b) 文职人员项下支出(14 427 600 美元，即 24%)高于预算。详细差异分析见秘书长关于联索支助办 2017 年 7 月 1 日至 2018 年 6 月 30日期间预算执行情况的报告(A/73/611)第四节。 | 2. By its resolution 71/311, the General Assembly appropriated an amount of $582,000,000 gross ($576,973,600 net) for the maintenance of UNSOS for the period from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2018. Expenditures for the period totalled $571,498,500 gross ($564,813,500 net), reflecting a budget implementation rate of 98.2 per cent. The resulting unencumbered balance of $10,501,500, in gross terms, represents 1.8 per cent of the appropriation, reflecting the combined effect of: (a) lower-than-budgeted expenditures under military and police personnel ($5,814,000, or 3.4 per cent) and operational costs ($19,115,100, or 5.5 per cent); and (b) higher-than-budgeted expenditures under civilian personnel ($14,427,600, or 24 per cent). A detailed analysis of variances is provided in section IV of the report of the Secretary-General on the budget performance of UNSOS for the period from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2018 (A/73/611). |
3. 预算执行情况报告指出，在 2017/18 年度期间从以下各类别向第二类别(文职人员)共调拨 1 440 万美元：第一类别(军事和警务人员)(320 万美元)；第三类别(业务费用)(1 130 万美元)(见 A/73/611，第 45 段)。行预咨委会对执行情况报告所载个别支出用途说明提出的评论意见，见下文第四节中对 2019 年 7 月 1 日至 2020年 6 月 30 日期间拟议预算(A/73/762)的相关论述。 | 3. The budget performance report indicates that during the 2017/18 period, a total amount of $14.4 million was redeployed to group II, civilian personnel from: group I, military and police personnel ($3.2 million); and group III, operational costs ($11.3 million) (see A/73/611, para. 45). The comments of the Advisory Committee on the information presented in the performance report on individual objects of expenditure can be found, where relevant, in the discussion of the proposed budget for the period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020 (A/73/762) in section IV below. |
4. 行预咨委会在审议秘书长关于联索支助办经费筹措的报告时，还收到了审计委员会关于 2018 年 6 月 30 日终了财政期间联合国维持和平行动账户的报告(A/73/5(Vol.II)，第二章)。 | 4. In considering the reports of the Secretary-General on the financing of UNSOS, the Advisory Committee also had before it the report of the Board of Auditors on the accounts of the United Nations peacekeeping operations for the financial period ended 30 June 2018 (A/73/5 (Vol. II), chap. II). |
三. 本期执行情况资料 | III. Information on performance for the current period |
5. 关于 2018 年 7 月 1 日至 2019 年 6 月 30 日期间当前和预计支出，行预咨委会获悉，截至 2019 年 1 月 31 日，支出为 383 320 400 美元。在本财政期间终了时，预计总支出将达到 558 144 100 美元，批款为 558 152 300 美元，预计支出结余为 8 200 美元。 | 5. With respect to current and projected expenditures for the period from 1 July 2018 to 30 June 2019, the Advisory Committee was informed that, as at 31 January 2019, expenditures amounted to $383,320,400. At the end of the current financial period, total expenditures are projected at $558,144,100 against the appropriation of $558,152,300, leaving an underexpenditure of $8,200. |
6. 行预咨委会还得到联合国和非洲联盟驻索马里特派团(非索特派团)军警人员和联索支助办文职人员截至 2019 年 1 月 31 日的在职情况，详情如下： | 6. The Advisory Committee was provided with information on the incumbency of United Nations and African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) uniformed personnel and UNSOS civilian personnel as at 31 January 2019, as follows: |
类别 2018/19 年度授权数/核定数 在职数 空缺率(百分比) | Category |
类别 2018/19 年度授权数/核定数 在职数 空缺率(百分比) | 2018/19 Encumbered |
类别 2018/19 年度授权数/核定数 在职数 空缺率(百分比) | Vacancy rate (percentage) |
军事和警务人员 | Military and police personnel |
联合国军事特遣队人员 70 40 7a | United Nations military contingent personnel 70 40 7 a |
非索特派团军事特遣队人员 20 586 20 586 — | AMISOM military contingent personnel 20 586 20 586 – |
非索特派团警务人员 200 164 18 | AMISOM police personnel 200 164 18 |
非索特派团建制警察部队人员 840 479 43 | AMISOM formed police unit personnel 840 479 43 |
文职人员 | Civilian personnel |
文职人员员额 | Posts |
国际工作人员 350 320 8.6 | International staff 350 320 8.6 |
本国专业干事 38 30 21.1 | National Professional Officers 38 30 21.1 |
本国一般事务人员 151 139 7.9 | National General Service staff 151 139 7.9 |
联合国志愿人员 20 17 15 | United Nations Volunteers 20 17 15 |
政府提供的人员 6 6 — | Government-provided personnel 6 6 – |
a 根据预算编列的共计部署 43 人计算。 | a Based on a budgeted deployment total of 43. |
7. 行预咨委会获悉，自联索支助办成立以来，截至 2019 年 2 月 28 日，共向会员国摊派了 4 298 438 000 美元。截至该日，已收款 3 997 651 000 美元，待缴款300 787 000 美元。截至 2019 年 3 月 4 日，联索支助办可用现金为 107 632 000 美元，不足以支付三个月 121 163 000 美元的业务准备金(不包括部队和警察派遣国偿还款)。行预咨委会回顾，大会一再敦促所有会员国按时、足额和无条件地履行《联合国宪章》规定的财政义务。 | 7. The Advisory Committee was informed that, as at 28 February 2019, a total of $4,298,438,000 had been assessed on Member States in respect of UNSOS since its inception. Payments received as at the same date amounted to $3,997,651,000, leaving an outstanding balance of $300,787,000. As at 4 March 2019, the cash available to UNSOS amounted to $107,632,000, which is insufficient to cover the three-month operating reserve of $121,163,000 (excluding reimbursements to troop-and police-contributing countries). The Advisory Committee recalls that the General Assembly has repeatedly urged all Member States to fulfil their financial obligations, as set out in the Charter of the United Nations, on time, in full and without conditions. |
8. 行预咨委会还获悉，截至 2018 年 9 月 30 日的所有部队费用索偿均已结清，截至 2018 年 12 月 31 日尚有未清余额 303 000 美元。特遣队所属装备已经核证并付款至 2018 年 9 月 30 日，截至 2018 年 12 月 31 日尚有未付余额 34 312 000美元。 | 8. The Advisory Committee was also informed that claims for the reimbursement of troop costs had been settled up to 30 September 2018, leaving an outstanding balance of $303,000 as at 31 December 2018. Contingent-owned equipment had been certified and paid up to 30 September 2018, leaving an outstanding balance of $34,312,000 as at 31 December 2018. |
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