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2013 年修正了针对放射性材料的国内安全条例，并在 2001 年 9 月11 日恐怖袭击之后将对高风险放射性材料的要求编成法典。这些条例确定了对原子能机构第1和第2类放射性材料以及对装运少量受过辐照的反应堆燃料的安全要求。 | Amended domestic security regulations in 2013 for radioactive materials and codified requirements that had been imposed for risk-significant radioactive materials following the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. These regulations established security requirements for IAEA Category 1 and 2 radioactive materials, as well as for shipments of small amounts of irradiated reactor fuel. |
四. 无核武器区 | iv. Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones |
2011 年 5 月，美国向美国参议院提交了《非洲无核武器区公约》和《南太平洋无核武器区条约》议定书，请它提出意见并同意批准。 | • In May 2011, the United States submitted the protocols to the Africa Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone and South Pacific Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone treaties to the U.S. Senate for its advice and consent to ratification. |
美国以及其他 5 常国家于 2014 年 5 月签署了《中亚无核武器区条约议定书》。政府在 2015 年 4 月向参议院提交了该《议定书》，希望其提出建议并同意。 | • The United States and the other P5 states signed the Protocol to the Central Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty in May 2014. The Administration submitted this Protocol to the Senate for its advice and consent in April 2015. |
美国承诺签署经修订的《东南亚无核武器区条约议定书》，并且仍随时准备帮助解决剩余的关切问题。 | • The United States is committed to signing the revised Protocol to the Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone (SEANWFZ) Treaty and continues to stand ready to assist in resolving remaining concerns. |
按照不扩散条约 2010 年审议大会《行动计划》，美国继续支持区域国家就举行建立中东无大规模毁灭性武器及其运载工具区的会议进行接触，以便在区域国家就安排达成共识后尽快举行这一会议。 | • In accordance with the 2010 NPT Review Conference Action Plan, the United States continues to support engagement of regional states on a conference on the establishment of a Middle East zone free of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery so that it can be held as soon as the regional states reach consensus on arrangements. |
五. 履约及其他相关问题/关切 | v. Compliance and Other Related Issues/Concerns |
为了支持开展外交努力，在《不扩散条约》、原子能机构和《联合国宪章》框架内恢复履约并应对履约相关挑战： | • In support of diplomatic efforts to restore compliance and respond to compliance challenges within the framework of the NPT, the IAEA and the UN Charter: |
美国及其 5 常+1 伙伴在欧盟协调下，与伊朗达成了一项政治谅解，为长期、全面地解决伊朗核问题奠定了基础。一项《联合综合行动计划》如果得到全面实施，将让国际社会相信伊朗不会获得核武器并且其核计划绝对是和平地向前推进的。美国及其伙伴打算在2015 年 6 月 30 日前完成关于《联合综合行动计划》的谈判。 | The United States and its P5+1 partners, coordinated by the EU, have reached a political understanding with Iran that forms the basis for a long-term, comprehensive solution to the Iran nuclear issue. A Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), if fully implemented, will give the international community confidence that Iran will not obtain a nuclear weapon and that its nuclear program is exclusively peaceful going forward. The United States and its partners aim to conclude talks on the JCPOA by June 30, 2015. |
美国继续在推动执行与伊朗有关的联合国安全理事会决议。 | The United States continues to promote implementation of Iran-related United Nations Security Council resolutions. |
美国仍有可能进行可信、可靠的谈判，使北朝鲜履行其根据 2005年 9 月《六方会谈联合声明》做出的承诺以及其根据联合国安全理事会的相关决议承担的义务。不过，我们已经表明，恢复会谈必须以北朝鲜明确承诺为全面、可核查和不可逆的无核化采取具体步骤为前提。我们继续与我们的伙伴以及整个国际社会合作，向北朝鲜表明我们不会接受北朝鲜作为一个核武器国家，并继续要求其履行自己的国际义务和承诺，包括放弃它所有的核武器以及现有的核计划，并使它早日重新接受《不扩散条约》和原子能机构的保障监督。 | The United States remains open to authentic and credible negotiations to bring North Korea into compliance with, its commitments under the September 2005 Joint Statement of the Six-Party Talks and its obligations under the relevant UN Security Council resolutions. We have made it clear however that any resumption of talks must be premised on North Korea’s demonstrated commitment to take concrete steps toward complete, verifiable and irreversible denuclearization. We continue to work with our partners and the entire international community to make it clear to North Korea that we will not accept North Korea as a nuclear-armed state, and continue to hold it to its international obligations and commitments including to abandon all its nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programs, and return, at an early date, to the NPT and IAEA safeguards. |
美国继续加强并扩大对北朝鲜的制裁范围，并继续做出协调一致的努力，以便在国内和国际一级有力地实施美国和联合国的现有制裁措施，阻止北朝鲜的扩散活动，并削减它维持和推进其核计划和弹道导弹方案的能力。 | The United States continues to strengthen and expand the scope of sanctions on North Korea, and continues concerted efforts to achieve robust domestic and international implementation of existing national and UN sanctions to impede North Korea’s proliferation activities and curtail its ability to sustain and advance its nuclear and ballistic missile programs. |
美国继续追究叙利亚对不遵守其原子能机构保障监督协定的行为的责任，并呼吁叙利亚采取必要措施，履行其不扩散义务，并对原子能机构关于视察所有相关场址、材料和人员的要求予以充分配合。 | The United States continues to hold Syria accountable for noncompliance with its IAEA safeguards agreement and calls on Syria to take the necessary steps to meet its non-proliferation obligations and cooperate fully with IAEA requests for access to all relevant locations, materials and persons. |
六. 对核武器不扩散的其他贡献 | vi. Other Contributions to Nuclear Weapons Non-proliferation |
美国继续支持联合国安全理事会第 1540 号决议所设委员会的工作，以促进该决议得到充分执行，包括与一系列核扩散活动有关的所有国家应承担的具有法律约束力的义务，说明和保护与核有关的材料，以及制定和维持对此种物品的边境和出口管制。例如： | • The United States continues to support the work of the Committee established pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1540 to foster its full implementation, including the legally binding obligations on all States related to a range of nuclear proliferation activities, to account for and secure nuclear related materials, and to develop and maintain border and export controls on such items. For example: |
在国家一级，美国采取措施，以实施所有两百多项安理会第 1540号决议的义务和建议。美国在 2013 年向 1540 委员会提交了报告，说明美国所做的这些努力，包括与核不扩散有关的措施，在 2014年向委员会提交了一系列国家有效做法的报告，包括那些旨在打击核扩散的做法。 | Nationally, the United States has taken measures to implement all of the more than two hundred UNSCR 1540 obligations and recommendations. The United States in 2013 provided the 1540 Committee with a report on these efforts including measures related to nuclear non-proliferation, and in 2014 submitted to the Committee a set of national effective practices, including those practices designed to combat nuclear proliferation. |
在国际上，美国支持委员会为接触到所有 193 个联合国会员国并就执行该决议的所有方面与将近 50 个国际或区域组织合作所做的各种努力。这一支持包括向联合国全球和区域裁军事务信托基金捐款450 万美元，用于促进执行该决议的活动。 | Internationally, the United States supports the full range of Committee efforts to engage all 193 UN Member States and cooperate with nearly fifty international or regional organizations on implementing all aspects of the resolution. This support includes a $4.5 million contribution to the UN Trust Fund for Global and Regional Disarmament Affairs for activities to foster implementation of the resolution. |
自 2011 年首次捐款以来，美国对该信托基金的捐款帮助联合国裁军事务厅支助了 70 多项活动，所有这些活动都促进了联合国安全理事会第 1540 号决议核不扩散义务的全面履行以及对关键的核不扩散条约和公约的普遍遵守。此外，美国支持了 1540 委员会与原 | Since its initial contribution in 2011, the U.S. contributions to the Trust Fund have helped UN Office for Disarmament Affairs support more than 70 activities, all of which promoted full implementation of UNSCR 1540 nuclear non-proliferation obligations and universal adherence to key nuclear non-proliferation treaties and conventions. |
扩散条约和公约的普遍遵守。此外，美国支持了 1540 委员会与原子能机构的定期磋商、将核不扩散主题纳入其与具体国家的对话，以及委员会参与国际和区域的核不扩散活动，例如 “关于联合国安理会第 1540 号决议的建立信任措施”的第二次东盟区域论坛，该论坛的重点是核保安问题。 | In addition, the United States supports regular consultations between the 1540 Committee and the IAEA, the inclusion of nuclear non-proliferation topics in its country-specific dialogues, and participation by the Committee in international and regional nuclear non-proliferation activities, such as the 2nd ASEAN Regional Forum Confidence Building Measures on UNSCR 1540, which focused on nuclear security issues. |
美国领导并支持其他重要活动的实施，以应对恐怖分子获得核材料及其他放射性材料所构成的威胁，包括“打击核恐怖主义全球倡议”和“防止核走私方案”。 | • The United States leads and supports the implementation of other major activities to confront the threat posed by terrorist acquisition of nuclear and other radioactive material including the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT), and the Counter Nuclear Smuggling Program (CNSP). |
美国继续担任“打击核恐怖主义全球倡议”的共同主席，这是一个由致力于增强预防、探测和应对核恐怖主义的全球能力的 86 个伙伴国和 4 个正式观察员组成的多边伙伴关系。 | The United States continues to Co-Chair the GICNT, which is a multilateral partnership of 86 partner nations and four official observers committed to strengthening global capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to nuclear terrorism. |
o 自美国和俄罗斯于 2006 年发起以来，“打击核恐怖主义全球倡议”举行了 70 多项多边活动，尤其是在“打击核恐怖主义全球倡议”的重点领域：核鉴识、探测及应急准备和反应，这些活动汇聚了技术、操作和政策方面的专家。 | ○ Since it was launched by the United States and Russia in 2006, the GICNT has held over 70 multilateral activities, in particular across the GICNT’s focus areas of nuclear forensics, detection, and emergency preparedness and response, which have brought together technical, operational, and policy experts. |
o 这些活动探究了困难或新增核保安领域的关键挑战，例如将核鉴识介绍给审判室、调查非法贩运核材料的做法以及针对核保安事故的新闻宣传，并且为克服这些挑战得出最佳做法和模式。 | ○ These activities have explored key challenges in difficult or emerging areas of nuclear security, such as introducing nuclear forensic evidence in the courtroom, approaches to investigating illicit trafficking of nuclear material, and public messaging in response to a nuclear security incident, and have produced best practices and models for overcoming these challenges. |
o 作为对“打击核恐怖主义全球倡议”多边活动的一种补充，美国借助国务院并通过外交途径促使伙伴国建设国家能力，以便根据“打击核走私方案”打击核材料和放射性材料的走私活动。 | ○ As a complement to the multilateral activities of the GICNT, the United States, through the Department of State, diplomatically engages partner nations to build national capacities to counter nuclear and radiological material smuggling under the CNSP. |
o 具体来说，“打击核走私方案”的活动重点是增强能力，以应对、调查和起诉核材料或放射性材料走私事件，包括通过加强国家的核鉴识专门知识。 | ○ Specifically, CNSP activities focus on increasing capabilities to respond to, investigate, and prosecute incidents of nuclear or radiological material smuggling, including by enhancing national nuclear forensics expertise. |
美国支持国际社会为遏制扩散国家滥用全球金融体制来支持大规模毁灭性武器扩散的能力所做的努力。 | • The United States supports international efforts to counter proliferators’ ability to abuse the global financial system to support the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). |
美国执行了有针对性的金融制裁以及更加宽泛的金融措施，以遵守与预防、制止的中断大规模毁灭性武器扩散及其供资有关的联合国安全理事会决议。 | The United States has implemented both targeted financial sanctions and broader financial measures to comply with United Nations Security Council resolutions related to the prevention, suppression, and disruption of WMD proliferation and its financing. |
美国还大力支持金融行动工作组在加强各国努力打击为扩散提供资金方面开展的工作。金融行动工作组发布了详细的指南，以帮助司法机构执行与扩散有关的安全理事会决议中的金融条款，以及确保在为扩散提供资金问题上有效的国内合作和协调。 | The United States also strongly supports the work of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) on enhancing states’ efforts to counter proliferation finance. The FATF has issued detailed guidance to assist jurisdictions with the implementation of the financial provisions in proliferation-related Security Council resolutions as well as ensuring effective domestic-level cooperation and coordination on proliferation finance. |
美国定期与合作伙伴接触，以加强和鼓励实施有效措施，打击为扩散提供资金。 | The United States regularly engages partners to reinforce and encourage implementation of effective measures to combat proliferation financing. |
美国正在支持《不扩散条约》缔约国努力应对某一缔约国退出《条约》的可能性，包括通过就各方可根据《条约》条款采取行动的建议进行协商。 | • The United States is supporting efforts by NPT Parties to address the prospect of withdrawal by a State Party, including through consultations on recommendations for actions Parties could take consistent with the provisions of the Treaty. |
第三部分：关于与和平利用核能相关的国家措施的报告 | Section III: Reporting on National Measures Relating to the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy |
一. 促进和平利用 | i. Promoting Peaceful Uses |
美国致力于根据《不扩散条约》第四条就为和平目的利用核能开展国际合作。美国以各种方式、包括通过核贸易和通过原子能机构及其他手段的技术援助履行它的承诺。 | • The United States is dedicated to international cooperation on the uses of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes in accordance with Article IV of the NPT. The United States meets its commitment in a variety of ways, including through nuclear trade and technical assistance through the IAEA and other means. |
核贸易和技术援助 | Nuclear Trade and Technical Assistance |
美国通过发放转让核材料、设备和援助的许可证支持在国外安全采用和平核技术。 | • The United States supports the safe implementation of peaceful nuclear technology abroad through licensing transfers of nuclear material, equipment, and assistance. |
2010 年以来，美国已根据确定不扩散、安全和安保最高标准的合作协定，向参与核电计划的国家提供了价值超过 25 亿美元的核设备、材料和技术。 | • Since 2010, the United States has made over $2.5 billion worth of nuclear equipment, materials and technology available to States involved in nuclear power programs in accordance with agreements for cooperation establishing the highest levels of non-proliferation, safety, and security standards. |
2010 年以来，美国发放了 595 份核材料、设备、技术出口和转让援助的许可证，至少有 35 个国家和欧洲联盟从中受惠。 | • Since 2010, the United States has issued 595 licenses supporting exports of nuclear material, equipment, technology, and transfers of assistance benefitting at least 35 countries and the European Union. |
为了促进和平核贸易和加强保安，美国一直在努力简化发放核材料、设备、技术和转让援助许可证的程序。 | • To facilitate peaceful nuclear trade and to improve security, the United States has worked to streamline the licensing process for nuclear material, equipment, technology, and assistance transfers. |
双边合作 | Bilateral Cooperation |
美国根据《美国原子能法》第 123 条订立了 22 项双边协定《( 123 协定》)，其中规定同 49 个伙伴(包括欧洲原子能共同体 28 个成员国)、国际原子能机构以及台湾当局合作。我们正在争取同更多的伙伴订立双边协议。这些协议促进了全世界 70 千兆瓦以上清洁核能的发展。 | • The United States has in place 22 bilateral agreements pursuant to Section 123 of the U.S. Atomic Energy Act (123 Agreements) that provide for cooperation with 49 partners (including the 28 EURATOM states), the International Atomic Energy Agency, and the authorities on Taiwan. We are pursuing bilateral agreements with additional partners. These agreements have fostered the development of over 70 GW of clean nuclear power worldwide. |
此外，为了供应研究堆持续运作所需的低浓铀，美国自 2010 年以来已经同智利、墨西哥、牙买加和秘鲁订立了《原子能机构项目和供应协定》。 | • In addition, to supply LEU for the continuing operation of research reactors, the United States has, since 2010, entered into IAEA Project and Supply Agreements (PSAs) with Chile, Mexico, Jamaica, and Peru. |
为了支持安全可靠地和平利用核能，美国能源部订立了 20 项双边合作安排。核管制委员会已同 45 个国家(包括欧洲原子能共同体成员国)和台湾做出了双边技术信息交流安排。更多伙伴关系正在构建中。 | • To support the safe and secure use of peaceful nuclear applications, the U.S. Department of Energy has 20 bilateral cooperative arrangements. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has bilateral technical information exchange arrangements with 45 states (including EURATOM states) and Taiwan. More partnerships are being formed. |
美国在 2011 年宣布可以从储备了大约 230 吨低浓铀的“美国保证燃料供应”机制中供应核燃料，此种低浓铀是稀释 17.4 公吨被宣布为超过防御需求的高浓铀后所得。“美国保证燃料供应”机制可提供给美国的任何伙伴国，如果该伙伴国亟需浓缩铀，而在商业市场上又没有别的办法可满足该需求。 | • In 2011, the United States announced the availability of nuclear fuel from the American Assured Fuel Supply (AAFS), a reserve of approximately 230 tons of LEU, which is derived from down-blending 17.4 metric tons of HEU declared excess to defense needs. The AAFS is available to any partner country of the United States if such a partner were to face a critical need for enriched uranium that could not otherwise be met by the commercial market. |
美国向原子能机构捐助了近 5 000 万美元，用以支助建立一个低浓铀燃料库，保证成员国能获得用于和平核反应堆的可靠燃料供应。 | • The United States contributed nearly $50 million to the IAEA to support establishment of a fuel bank of LEU to assure Member States of a reliable supply of fuel for peaceful nuclear reactors. |
能力建设 | Capacity Building |
美国国务院的“核安保伙伴关系”力争促使一种自给自足的核安保文化在伙伴国核技术组织中扎下根来。“核安保伙伴关系”在全世界与正在考虑或管理核研究设施和发电厂的伙伴国开展合作。为此，“核保安伙 | • The U.S. Department of State’s Partnership for Nuclear Security (PNS) seeks to promote a self-sufficient nuclear security culture ingrained in partner countries nuclear technical organizations. PNS works around the world with partner counties that are considering or managing nuclear research facilities and power plants. In order to do so, PNS: |
与伙伴机构开展合作，以制定和维持可信性方案(即人的可信性方案、适合职责等等)，以减轻核设施中潜在的内部威胁。 | Works with partner institutions to develop and sustain trustworthiness programs (i.e. human reliability programs, fitness-for-duty, etc.) to mitigate potential insider threats at nuclear facilities. |
对核技术专家进行培训，以促进并证实安保文化是核应用和核业务一个至关重要的组成部分。 | Provides training for nuclear technical experts to promote and demonstrate security culture as a vital component of nuclear applications and operations. |
通过培训员培训举措，包括专业发展课程和学术课程开发，使合作伙伴能够实现核保安培训制度化。 | Empowers partners to institutionalize nuclear security trainings through train-the-trainer initiatives, including professional development courses and academic curriculum development. |
美国通过原子能机构、“国际核能合作框架”以及双边办法，支持正在考虑采用核电建设为达到安全、保障和不扩散最高标准所需的国家基础设施的国家做出努力。 | • Through the IAEA, the International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation, and bilaterally, the United States supports the efforts of countries considering nuclear power to build the national infrastructure needed to pursue the highest standards for safety, security and non-proliferation. |
通过援助活动，如“放射源监管伙伴关系”方案和“国际监管发展伙伴关系”方案，美国核管制委员会自 2010 年以来通过双边方式和原子能机构向 130 多个国家提供了支持，并向原子能机构核安全和安保活动提供了共计近 1 700 万美元的现金捐助和免费援助。 | • Through assistance activities such as the Radiation Sources Regulatory Partnership program and the International Regulatory Development Partnership program, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has, since 2010, provided support, both bilaterally and through the IAEA to over 130 countries, and contributed a total of nearly $17 million both cash and cost free contributions to IAEA’s nuclear safety and security activities. |
二. 通过原子能机构向其成员国提供技术援助技术合作方案和和平利用倡议 | ii. Technical Assistance through the IAEA to its Member States Technical Cooperation Program and Peaceful Uses Initiative |
2010 年以来，美国向原子能机构提供了超过 1.9 亿美元，用以支助技术合作和宣传方案。这一数额包括： 超过 1.08 亿美元用于支助原子能机构技术合作基金，占总额的约25%。技术合作项目正在非洲、拉丁美洲、亚洲和东欧发展中国家 | • Since 2010, the United States has provided more than $190 million to the IAEA to support technical cooperation and promotional programs. This figure includes: |
25%。技术合作项目正在非洲、拉丁美洲、亚洲和东欧发展中国家的人类健康、农业和粮食安全、同位素水文学和水管理、环境和气候变化以及核能基础设施和可持续性等领域产生积极的人道主义影响。如下文所述，数十年来美国始终如一地向技术合作基金捐款，共同支助美国对原子能机构“和平利用核能倡议”的捐款单独支助的那些类别项目。 | Over $108 million to support the IAEA Technical Cooperation Fund (TCF), or about 25 percent of the total. Technical cooperation (TC) projects are having a positive humanitarian impact in the developing countries of Africa, Latin America, Asia, and Eastern Europe in the fields of human health, agriculture and food security, isotope hydrology and water management, the environment and climate change, and nuclear energy infrastructure and sustainability. The U.S. TCF contribution, faithfully furnished for decades, supports on a collective basis the same kinds of projects supported individually by U.S. contributions to the IAEA’s Peaceful Uses Initiative, as described below. |
超过3 300万美元用于支助技术合作基金资助项目之外的原子能机构技术合作。这包括为培训、技术专门知识、研究金和免费专家提供的实物和货币支助。例如，美国的此种支持资助了： | Over $33 million to support IAEA technical cooperation above and beyond projects funded through the TCF. This covers in-kind and monetary support towards training, technical expertise, fellowships, and cost-free experts. For example, such U.S. support contributed to: |
o 核应用方面的培训，包括在 2014 年派遣 1 400 多名专家参加原子能机构的技术会议、讲习班和会议。 | ○ Training in nuclear applications, including by sending over 1,400 experts to participate in IAEA technical meetings, workshops, and conferences in 2014. |
o 原子能机构为翻新赛伯尔斯多夫的原子能机构核科学和应用实验室所做努力的初始阶段。在不扩散条约 2015 年审议大会上，美国宣布向该项目追加 200 万美元的承付款。 | ○ Initial phase of IAEA efforts to renovate the IAEA Nuclear Sciences and Applications Laboratories in Seibersdorf (ReNuAL). At the 2015 NPT Review Conference, the United States announced an additional commitment of $2 million towards this project. |
5 000 多万美元用于支持原子能机构的“和平利用核能倡议”。美国及其他国际捐助方对“和平利用核能倡议”的捐款，使原子能机构具有更大的灵活性和更多的资金，以支持高度优先的原子能机构成员国项目，并应对未预见到的挑战，有时是仓促应对。原子能机构有 150 多个成员国已受惠于“和平利用核能倡议”。美国单独地或 | Over $50 million to support the IAEA Peaceful Uses Initiative (PUI). Contributions to the PUI from the United States and other international donors have provided the IAEA with additional flexibility and resources to support high priority IAEA Member State projects and to respond to unforeseen challenges, sometimes on short notice. More than 150 IAEA Member States have benefitted from the PUI. Individually or partnering with other PUI donors, the United States has contributed through the PUI to IAEA technical assistance activities that include: |
o 在设在摩纳哥的原子能机构环境实验室建立了海洋酸化国际协调中心，以促进制止海洋酸化全球行动； | ○ Establishment of the Ocean Acidification International Coordination Center at the IAEA Environment Laboratories in Monaco to promote global actions against ocean acidification; |
o 建设能力，以便探测、量化和减少有害藻毒素对世界各国海产品安全的不利影响；为海洋酸化建立了加勒比观察网； | ○ Building capacity to detect, quantify, and reduce the adverse impacts of harmful algal toxins on seafood safety in countries throughout the world; development of a Caribbean observing network for ocean acidification; |
o 设计应对非洲萨赫勒区域持续干旱和普遍存在的饥饿和营养不良现象的大型水资源管理项目； | ○ Design of a large-scale water resource management project to respond to sustained drought and widespread starvation and malnutrition in the Sahel region of Africa; |
o 在塞内加尔 Niayes 区域建立了可持续无采采蝇区，以减轻锥体虫病造成的负担并提高粮食和农业生产率； | ○ Development of a sustainable zone free of the tsetse fly in the Niayes region of Senegal to relieve the burden of trypanosomiasis and increase food and agricultural productivity; |
o 在撒哈拉以南非洲地区增强兽医实验室的能力，以对跨界动物疾病进行快速而明确的诊断； | ○ Improvement of veterinary laboratory capacities in Sub-Saharan Africa for rapid and specific diagnosis of transboundary animal diseases; |
o 增强了拉丁美洲实验室的能力，以确保粮食安全并减缓果蝇对农业资源的威胁；在巴尔干地区和东地中海地区控制果蝇以提高农业生产率；改进处理方式以便在全世界用于对抗外来果蝇，促进商品的安全进出口及国内流动； | ○ Enhancement of laboratory capacity in Latin America to ensure food safety and reduce the threat that fruit flies pose to agriculture resources; control of fruit flies in the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean region to enhance agricultural productivity; development of treatments for use worldwide against exotic fruit flies to promote the safe import, export, and domestic movement of commodities; |
o 通过核技术和向发展中国家的可持续技术转让进行能力建设，以便改善世界许多国家的粮食安全和质量； | ○ Building capacity to improve food safety and quality in numerous countries throughout the world through nuclear technology and sustainable technology transfer to developing countries; |
o 评估气候变化对极地和山区的影响；通过评估沉积过程、调节基于稻谷的种植制度以及改进农作物管理战略，减轻气候变化对东南亚的影响； | ○ Assessment of the impact of climate change on polar and mountainous regions; mitigation of climate change effects in Southeast Asia by assessing sediment processes, adapting rice-based cropping systems, and improving crop management strategies; |
o 增强非洲国家监测小组的能力，以确保在高度生物安全条件下及早发现动物传染疾病，包括埃博拉病毒疾病； | ○ Enhancement of the capacity of national monitoring teams in Africa to ensure early detection of zoonotic diseases, including the Ebola Virus Disease, under high biosafety conditions; |
o 评估和增强了全世界 30 多个国家发现和治疗癌症的国家能力，包括放射治疗能力； | ○ Assessment and strengthening of national capabilities to detect and treat cancer, including radiotherapy treatment capacity, in more than 30 countries around the world; |
o 推动了核医学教育和培训，以及应用核技术来改善对心脏病和癌症患者的治疗； | ○ Advancement of education and training in nuclear medicine, as well as application of nuclear techniques to improve the treatment of cardiac and cancer patients; |
o 增强国家应对非洲核和放射性紧急事件的能力； | ○ Enhancement of national capabilities to respond to nuclear and radiological emergencies in Africa; |
o 研究了福岛第一核电站事故后放射性物质释出可能造成的影响； | ○ Study of the possible impact of radioactive releases following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident; |
o 改善非洲和地中海区域对放射源的控制； | ○ Improvement of the control of radioactive sources in Africa and the Mediterranean region; |
o 加强亚洲及太平洋区域的生物剂量学； | ○ Strengthening of biological dosimetry in the Asia and Pacific region; |
o 促进非洲铀资源的可持续发展；以及 | ○ Promotion of the sustainable development of uranium resources in Africa; and |
o 在全世界许多国家发展核电基础设施，包括开展人力资源能力建设以及制定法律和监管框架。 | ○ Development of nuclear power infrastructure, including capacity building of human resources and legal and regulatory framework, in numerous countries throughout the world. |
在不扩散条约 2015 年审议大会上，美国宣布额外承付在未来五年里向“和平利用核能倡议”捐款 5 000 万美元。 | • At the 2015 NPT Review Conference, the United States announced an additional commitment of $50 million to the PUI over the next five years. |
三. 核保安和民用核责任 | iii. Nuclear Safety & Civil Nuclear Liability |
美国已通过核管制委员会同 45 个国家、欧洲原子能共同体和台湾缔结了核安全事项技术合作安排。 | • Through the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the United States has concluded arrangements for technical cooperation on nuclear safety matters with 45 countries, EURATOM, and Taiwan. |
2015 年初，美国与《核安全公约》的其他缔约国通过了《维也纳核安全宣言》，确认其承诺履行《核安全公约》规定的法律义务，实施安全原则并借鉴从 2011 年日本东部大地震、海啸和核电厂事故中吸取的经验教训。 | • In early 2015, the United States and other Parties to the Convention on Nuclear Safety adopted the Vienna Declaration on Nuclear Safety, confirming their commitment to the legal obligations under the CNS and implementing safety principles and lessons learned arising from the 2011 Great Tohoku earthquake, tsunami and nuclear power plant accident in Japan. |
美国在原子能机构内和在其他国际场合广泛参与了核安全问题相关活动。 | • The United States has participated extensively on nuclear safety issues within the IAEA and other international venues. |
美国在力争除其他外实现《原子能机构核安全行动计划》的有效和高效执行的 7 国集团核安全和安保小组中发挥积极作用。 | • The United States takes an active role in the G7 Nuclear Safety and Security Group that seeks to, among other things, achieve an efficient and effective implementation of the IAEA Action Plan for Nuclear Safety. |
美国积极促进使《核损害补充赔偿公约》成为一项全球核责任制度并敦促其他国家加入该《公约》。在日本批准之后，《核损害补充赔偿公约》于 2015年 4 月 15 日生效。 | • The United States has actively promoted the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage (CSC) to be a global nuclear liability regime and urged other countries to join. With Japan’s ratification, the CSC entered into force on April 15, 2015. |
美国与 7 国集团/欧共体密切合作，支持乌克兰将受损的切尔诺贝利 4 号反应堆场址恢复到对环境而言安全和稳定的状态。作为欧洲复兴开发银行切尔诺贝利掩蔽工程基金的最大双边捐助方，美国试图使这个遗留问题得到解决。 | • The United States works closely with the G7/EC to support Ukraine in returning the damaged Chornobyl Unit 4 reactor site to an environmentally safe and stable condition. As the largest bilateral donor to the EBRD Chornobyl Shelter Fund, the United States seeks to put this legacy issue to rest. |
为了促进在 60 多个成员国和全球区域一级的核安全，美国向原子能机构提供用于核安全的经常性预算外捐助，包括为《核安全行动计划》提供此种捐助。美国在 2014 年捐助了 380 万美元，自 2010 年以来捐助了 1 600 万美元。 | • To promote nuclear safety in over 60 Member States and at the regional level across the globe, the United States has made regular extra-budgetary contributions to the IAEA for Nuclear Safety, including for the Nuclear Safety Action Plan. The United States contributed $3.8 million in 2014, and since 2010 has contributed $16 million. |
美国已经向亚洲核安全网提供了资金和工作人员，该网络协助该地区正在计划拥有国内民用核电计划的国家建设基础设施。 | • The United States has contributed funding and personnel to the Asian Nuclear Safety Network which assists countries in the area planning to have domestic civil nuclear power programs to build infrastructure. |
四. 其他相关问题 | iv. Other Related Issues |
核不扩散以及裁军宣传和教育 | Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Outreach and Education |
美国长期支持教育和培训方案发挥维持健康的全球核不扩散制度的作用。我们正在依靠我们的不扩散和裁军专家骨干队伍努力提高公众认识，发展教育手段，并扩大下一代不扩散和裁军专家的职业机会。美国 | • The United States has long supported the role of education and training programs to maintain a healthy global nuclear non-proliferation regime. Drawing on our cadre of non-proliferation and disarmament experts, we are working to promote public awareness, develop educational tools, and expand career opportunities for the next generation of non-proliferation and disarmament experts. The U.S. Government is: |
与外交研究和培训协会合作，记录军备控制和不扩散高级官员以及该领域带头人的口述史，供公众通过国会图书馆查阅； | Working with the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training to record oral histories of senior arms control and non-proliferation officials and leaders in the field for public access through the Library of Congress; |
与联合国协会联系，请专家到教室指导模拟当前的不扩散和裁军状 | Engaging with the UN Association to bring experts to classrooms to guide simulations of current non-proliferation and disarmament scenarios; |
支助布拉格一代年会，该会议使世界各地大约 300 名青年专业人员和有经验的从业人员聚集一堂，交流对与他们及其本国相关的问题的观点。会议的目的是聚焦于年轻一代在实现总统关于无核武器世界的愿景中的作用。 | Supporting the annual Generation Prague Conference which has brought together approximately 300 young professionals and experienced practitioners from around the world to exchange perspectives on issues concerning them and their home countries. The purpose of the conference is to focus on the role of younger generations in fulfilling the President’s vision of a world without nuclear weapons; |
利用虚拟和内部实习机会和方案，使高中及高中以上学生可以直接同决策者和科学家在一起工作长达两年，并表明科学、技术、工程学和数学对不扩散和军备管制领域的重要性；以及 | Making use of virtual and in-house internships and programs that allow students from high school and upwards to work directly with policy-makers and scientists for up to two years and demonstrating the importance of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) to the field of non-proliferation and arms control; and |
主办和参加数百次宣传活动，以表明美国致力于对美国和全世界的公民进行关于大规模毁灭性武器造成的威胁以及增进国际和平与安全的机会的教育。 | Hosting and attending hundreds of outreach events that demonstrate the U.S. commitment to educate U.S. citizens and citizens of the world about the threats posed by weapons of mass destruction and the opportunities to promote international peace and security. |
安全理事会 Distr.: General | Security Council Distr.: General |
6 April 2020 | 6 April 2020 |
Original: English(C) 080420 080420 | 20-04568 (E) 080420 |
*2004568* | *2004568* |
安全理事会第 2491(2019)号决议的执行情况秘书长的报告 | Implementation of resolution 2491 (2019) Report of the Secretary-General |
一. 导言 | I. Introduction |
1. 本报告根据安全理事会第 2491(2019)号决议第 3 段提交，安理会在该决议中再次请秘书长报告第 2240(2015)号决议，特别是决议第 7 段至第 10 段的执行情况。 | 1. The present report is submitted pursuant to paragraph 3 of Security Council resolution 2491 (2019), in which the Council renewed its request to me to report on the implementation of resolution 2240 (2015), in particular the implementation of paragraphs 7 to 10 of that resolution. |
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