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(c) 男女在家务和照料工作方面分配不平等以及陪产假短，迫使许多妇女从事非正规部门的低收入非全时工作； | (c) The unequal distribution of domestic and care work between women and men and the short periods of paternity leave, which force many women into low-income, part-time jobs in the informal sector; |
(d) 家政女工处境不稳定，平均收入不到最低工资一半，无法获得社会保障或健康福利，并且未受到《联邦劳动法》规定的法律保护； | (d) The precarious situation of women domestic workers who, on average, earn less than half the minimum wage, are unable to gain access to social security or health benefits and are not covered by the legal protections provided under the Act; |
(e) 移民妇女、土著妇女、非洲裔墨西哥妇女和残疾妇女进入正规劳动力市场的机会有限。 | (e) The limited access for migrant, indigenous women, Mexican women of African descent and women with disabilities to the formal labour market. |
40. 委员会重申之前的建议(CEDAW/C/MEX/CO/7-8，第 29 段)，并建议缔约国： | 40. The Committee reiterates its previous recommendations (CEDAW/C/MEX/ CO/7-8, para. 29) and recommends that the State party: |
(a) 采取措施，增加妇女进入正规劳动力市场的机会，促进妇女在非传统、高报酬部门就业，并按照《公约》第四条第 1 款及委员会第 25 号一般性建议，通过利用暂行特别措施，为处境不利妇女群体创造就业机会； | (a) Adopt measures to increase access for women to the formal labour market and promote the employment of women in non-traditional, higher-paid sectors, as well as to create employment opportunities for disadvantaged groups of women, through the use of temporary special measures in line with article 4 (1) of the Convention and the Committee’s general recommendation No. 25; |
(b) 按照劳工组织《1951 年同酬公约》(第 100 号)，加紧努力缩小和弥合性别工资差异，包括通过采取进一步措施，如不分性别的分析性工作分类及评价方法和定期薪酬调查； | (b) Enforce the principle of equal pay for work of equal value, in line with the Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100) of ILO and strengthen efforts to narrow and close the gender pay gap, including by adopting further measures such as gender-neutral analytical job classification and evaluation methods and regular pay surveys; |
(c) 监测和执行促进和保护孕产假的立法，加强对享受育儿假权利的男子的奖励，并加速通过国家护理政策，以提供充足适当的托儿设施； | (c) Monitor and enforce the legislation promoting and protecting maternity leave, strengthen incentives for men to avail themselves of their right to parental leave and expedite the adoption of the national care policy to provide sufficient and adequate childcare facilities; |
(d) 修正《联邦劳动法》，确保其适用于家政工人，定期对私人家庭进行劳动监察，并优先批准劳工组织《2011 年家庭工人公约》(第 189 号)。 | (d) Amend the Federal Labour Act to ensure its application to domestic workers, undertake regular labour inspections of private households and ratify the Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) of ILO as a matter of priority. |
41. 委员会重申其之前的关切(CEDAW/C/MEX/CO/7-8，第 30 段)，并表示注意到，缔约国努力在联邦和州两级加强和协调关于在强奸致孕情况下堕胎的《受害者一般法》并推出《预防少女怀孕国家战略》。但是，委员会对以下方面感到关 | 41. The Committee reiterates its previous concerns (CEDAW/C/MEX/CO/7-8, para. 30) and takes note of the State party’s efforts to strengthen and harmonize the General Victims Act at the federal and state levels in relation to abortion in cases of rape, as well as the introduction of a national strategy for the prevention of adolescent pregnancy. It is concerned, however, about the following: |
(a) 州一级刑事立法条款限制获得合法堕胎，并继续迫使妇女和女童冒着健康和生命危险求助于不安全堕胎； | (a) Provisions in criminal legislation at the state level that restrict access to legal abortion and that continue to force women and girls to resort to unsafe abortion at the risk of their health and life; |
(b) 各州的刑法典不一致，阻碍了有效执行《受害者一般法》第 35 条和关于家庭暴力和性暴力及暴力侵害妇女行为的第 NOM-046-SSA2-2005 号墨西哥官方标准，该标准旨在使在强奸致孕情况下堕胎合法化； | (b) Inconsistencies between the state criminal codes that hinder the effective implementation of article 35 of the General Victims Act and Mexican official standard NOM-046-SSA2-2005 on domestic and sexual violence and violence against women, which legalizes abortion in case of rape; |
(c) 2018 年对《一般卫生法》作了修正，规定卫生人员可出于良心拒绝提供服务，这可能构成妇女获得安全堕胎和紧急避孕的障碍，特别是在农村和偏远地区； | (c) Amendments made in 2018 to the General Health Act that provide for conscientious objection by health personnel and may constitute barriers for women in gaining access to safe abortion and emergency contraception, especially in rural and remote areas; |
(d) 据报告卫生人员在接生期间存在着产科暴力； | (d) Reported incidents of obstetric violence by health personnel during childbirth; |
(e) 土著社区妇女的孕产妇死亡率过高； | (e) The disproportionately high rates of maternal mortality among women from indigenous communities; |
(f) 据报告妇女和女童被迫绝育，获得生殖健康服务的机会也有限，特别是有精神和其他残疾的妇女和女童。 | (f) Reports of the forced sterilization of women and girls and of limited access to reproductive health services, in particular for women and girls with mental and other disabilities. |
42. 委员会按照关于妇女与健康的第 24(1999)号一般性建议，建议缔约国： | 42. In line with its general recommendation No. 24 (1999) on women and health, the Committee recommends that the State party: |
(a) 加紧努力加速实现联邦和各州堕胎法律和议定书的统一，以确保可获得合法堕胎，并确保无论堕胎是否合法化都可获得堕胎后护理服务； | (a) Increase efforts to accelerate the harmonization of federal and state laws and protocols on abortion, with a view to guaranteeing access to legal abortion and ensuring access to post-abortion care services irrespective of whether abortion has been legalized; |
(b) 协调统一相关的联邦和各州法律与《受害者一般法》和关于家庭暴力和性暴力及暴力侵害妇女行为的第 NOM-046-SSA2-2005 号墨西哥官方标准，并充分告知和培训医务人员，以确保对遭受性暴力侵害的妇女和女童给予专门关注，包括提供紧急避孕和堕胎的基本服务； | (b) Harmonize relevant federal and state laws with the General Victims Act and Mexican official standard NOM-046-SSA2-2005 on domestic and sexual violence and violence against women and adequately inform and train medical personnel so as to ensure specialized attention for women and girls who are victims of sexual violence, including the provision of essential services for emergency contraception and abortion; |
(c) 制定执行《一般卫生法修正案》的必要规程，允许出于良心拒绝提供服务，只要不会使母亲的生命面临风险，且不妨碍妇女和女童获得合法堕胎，确保在出现以上情况时，将妇女和女童移交给另一个适当的提供者； | (c) Develop the protocols necessary for the implementation of the amendments to the General Health Act, which permit conscientious objection as long as it doesn’t place the life of the mother at risk and does not impede women and girls from gaining access to legal abortion, and ensure that in such cases women and girls are referred to another appropriate provider; |
(d) 协调统一联邦和各州法律，以按照《妇女享有无暴力生活一般法》，将产科暴力定义为一种机构和性别暴力形式，并确保所有遭受产科暴力侵害的妇女有效获得司法救助并获得必要赔偿； | (d) Harmonize federal and state laws to define obstetric violence as a form of institutional and gender-based violence, in accordance with the General Act on Women’s Access to a Life Free from Violence, and ensure effective access to justice and comprehensive reparations to all women who are victims of obstetric violence; |
(e) 按照具体目标 3.1 和 3.7，降低孕产妇死亡率，包括通过与传统助产士合作和培训卫生专业人员，特别是在农村地区，确保所有分娩均由熟练的卫生专业人员接生； | (e) Reduce the incidence of maternal mortality, including through collaboration with traditional midwives and the training of health professionals, especially in rural areas, by ensuring that all births are attended by skilled health personnel, in line with targets 3.1 and 3.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals; |
(f) 确保卫生专业人员在实施绝育手术之前系统寻求完全知情同意，未经完全知情同意而实施绝育手术的从业人员应受到适当惩罚，并且向非自愿绝育的女性受害者提供补救和经济补偿。 | (f) Ensure that fully informed consent is systematically sought by medical personnel before sterilizations are performed, that practitioners performing sterilizations without such consent are adequately punished and that redress and financial compensation are available to women who are victims of non-consensual sterilizations. |
增强经济权能和社会福利 | Economic empowerment and social benefits |
43. 委员会欢迎缔约国继续努力减少贫穷。但是，委员会仍对以下方面感到关切： | 43. The Committee welcomes the State party’s continued efforts to reduce poverty. It remains concerned, however, about the following: |
(a) 处境不利和边缘化妇女群体，特别是土著妇女、非洲裔墨西哥妇女和女户主面临极度贫穷和不平等； | (a) The high levels of poverty and inequality faced by disadvantaged and marginalized groups of women, especially indigenous women, Mexican women of African descent and women heads of households; |
(b) 由于妇女承担无偿护理工作，且由于许多妇女在非正规部门就业，因此，社会福利制度未充分保护妇女； | (b) The fact that the social security system does not adequately protect women because of their involvement in unpaid care work and because many are employed in the informal sector; |
(c) 妇女获得小额信贷和贷款的机会有限； | (c) The limited access for women to microcredit and loans; |
(d) 尽管 2012 年国家气候变化政策纳入了性别平等观点，但妇女在减少和管理灾害风险领域领导岗位上参与度低，特别是在地方一级。 | (d) The low participation of women in leadership roles in the area of disaster risk reduction and management, in particular at the local level, despite the inclusion of a gender perspective in its national climate change policy of 2012. |
44. 委员会建议缔约国： | 44. The Committee recommends that the State party: |
(a) 强化国家减贫战略，重点关注处境最不利和最边缘化妇女群体，特别是土著妇女、非洲裔墨西哥妇女和农村妇女，确保制定和实施可持续发展目标具有充分包容性，并鼓励妇女积极参与制定和实施减贫战略； | (a) Strengthen its national poverty reduction strategy with a focus on the most disadvantaged and marginalized groups of women, in particular indigenous women, Mexican women of African descent and rural women, by ensuring that development and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals are fully inclusive, and encourage the active participation of women in the formulation and implementation of poverty reduction strategies; |
(b) 增加妇女进入国家社会保障体系的机会，并为妇女制定协调的社会保护和补偿方案； | (b) Increase access for women to the national social security system and develop coordinated social protection and compensation programmes for women; |
(c) 划拨额外的专项财政资源，用于增加妇女获得小额信贷、贷款和其他形式金融信贷，以促进妇女创业并增强妇女的经济权能，特别是土著妇女、非洲裔墨西哥妇女和残疾妇女； | (c) Allocate additional earmarked financial resources for increasing access to microcredit, loans and other forms of financial credit for women in order to promote entrepreneurship among women and empower them economically, in particular with regard to indigenous women, Mexican women of African descent and women with disabilities; |
(d) 按照委员会关于气候变化背景下减少灾害风险所涉性别方面的第37(2018)号一般性建议，加速实现妇女参与同灾害有关的各级决策和恢复进程，特别是在地方一级；并且继续致力于将性别平等观点纳入所有可持续发展政策以及减少灾害风险和灾后管理中。 | (d) In accordance with the Committee’s general recommendation No. 37 (2018) on the gender-related dimensions of disaster risk reduction in the context of climate change, accelerate the participation of women in decision-making and recovery processes relating to disasters at all levels, in particular the local level, and continue efforts aimed at integrating a gender perspective into all sustainable development policies, as well as into disaster risk reduction and post-disaster management. |
农村妇女和土著妇女 | Rural and indigenous women |
45. 委员会欢迎缔约国推出有条件现金转移制度、国家消除饥饿运动战略以及微型企业家和农村妇女国家融资方案。然而，委员会感到关切的是，农村妇女，特别是孤立社区的妇女、土著妇女和非洲裔墨西哥妇女继续面临交叉形式歧视。委 | 45. The Committee welcomes the introduction of the conditional cash transfer system and the “national crusade against hunger” strategy, as well as the national financing programme for micro-entrepreneurs and rural women. It is concerned, however, that rural women, in particular those in isolated communities, indigenous women and Mexican women of African descent, continue to face intersecting forms of discrimination. The Committee is especially concerned about the following: |
(a) 这些妇女受贫穷影响尤其严重，在正规部门获得保健、教育和就业机会方面也面临障碍； | (a) The fact that they are disproportionately affected by poverty and face barriers in accessing health care, education and employment opportunities in the formal sector; |
(b) 尽管最近在获得土地方面有所改善，但农村妇女和土著妇女在获得土地所有权方面以及在获取公地方面机会仍然有限，而且在获取公地和其他类型共有土地的相关决策职位中没有足够代表性； | (b) The fact that, despite recent improvements in access to land, rural and indigenous women continue to have limited access to land titles and inadequate representation in decision-making positions in relation to accessto ejidos (communal landholdings) and other types of communal lands; |
(c) 自由、事先和知情同意原则落实有限，与土著妇女和非洲裔墨西哥妇女在影响其土地所有权集体权利的发展项目上缺乏协商，以及由于农村发展项目强制驱逐土著妇女和非洲裔墨西哥妇女离开传统上由其占领或使用的土地所产生后果并剥夺此类土地，但未提供替代生计机会； | (c) The limited implementation of the principle of free, prior and informed consent and the lack of consultations with indigenous women and Mexican women of African descent in connection with development projects affecting their collective rights to land ownership, as well as the consequences of forced evictions of indigenous women and Mexican women of African descent from lands traditionally occupied or used by them and of their dispossession of such lands as a result of rural development projects, without the provision of alternative livelihood opportunities; |
(d) 确保土著妇女有充足机会获得医疗保健、教育和就业机会以及能够保持和延续其传统生活方式的体制支持不足。 | (d) The insufficient institutional support to ensure that indigenous women have adequate access to health care, education and employment opportunities and that they are able to preserve and transmit their traditional way of life. |
46. 按照《公约》及委员会关于农村妇女权利的第 34(2016)号一般性建议，委员会建议缔约国： | 46. In line with the Convention and its general recommendation No. 34 (2016) on the rights of rural women, the Committee recommends that the State party: |
(a) 增加划拨给农村妇女和土著妇女教育和医疗保健的财政、人力和技术资源，并采取有针对性措施，在实际当中为劳动力市场上的土著妇女、非洲裔墨西哥妇女和农村妇女创造平等机会； | (a) Increase the financial, human and technical resources allocated to education and health care for rural and indigenous women and undertake targeted measures to create equal opportunities, in practice, in the labour market for indigenous women, Mexican women of African descent and rural women; |
(b) 扩大土著妇女和农村妇女获得土地所有权和保有权的机会，包括通过确保其在获取公地和其他类型共有土地的相关决策职位上有足够代表性； | (b) Expand access for indigenous and rural women to land ownership and tenure, including by ensuring their adequate representation in decision-making positions in relation to access to ejidos and other types of communal lands; |
(c) 制定法律框架，以监管和确保发展项目、农业工业和其他商业项目只有在受影响的土著妇女、非洲裔墨西哥妇女和农村妇女作出自由、事先和知情同意的情况下才可实施，而且，这些项目包括提供替代生计和按照劳工组织《1989 年土著和部落人民公约》(第 169 号)就使用其自然资源和土地签订惠益分享协议。 | (c) Establish a legal framework to regulate and ensure that development, agro-industrial and other business projects are implemented only with the free, prior and informed consent of affected indigenous women, Mexican women of African descent and rural women and include the provision of alternative livelihood opportunities and benefit-sharing agreements concerning the use of their natural resources and lands in accordance with the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) of ILO; |
(d) 强化体制支持，确保土著妇女获得包括水和卫生设施在内的基本服务和就业机会，并加强对其传统文化习俗的承认和保护。 | (d) Strengthen institutional support to ensure indigenous women’s access to basic services, including water and sanitation, and employment opportunities and enhance the recognition and preservation of their traditional cultural practices. |
难民妇女、寻求庇护妇女和移民妇女 | Migrant, refugee and asylum-seeking women |
47. 委员会欢迎设立侵害移民罪行调查股及其“移民不是犯罪”运动。但是，委员会关切地注意到，根据《移民法》，移民妇女仍然直接遭到拘留，拘留释放试点方案并未在各州普及，许多寻求庇护妇女和女童无法有效获得庇护程序。委员会还感到关切的是，并非各州都保障移民、难民和寻求庇护者获得工作、医疗保健和住房的权利。委员会进一步关切强迫失踪对移民的影响以及性别暴力发生率高，特别是在与美利坚合众国的边界。 | 47. The Committee welcomes the establishment of the Unit for the Investigation of Crimes against Migrants, as well as its “migration is not a crime” campaign. It notes with concern, however, that migrant women continue to face automatic detention on the basis of the Migration Act, that the pilot release programme is not available in all states and that many asylum-seeking women and girls do not have effective access to asylum procedures. It is also concerned that the rights of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers to work and to access to health services and housing is not guaranteed in all states. It is further concerned about the impact of enforced disappearances on migrants and the high levels of gender-based violence, in particular in the parts of the country on the border with the United States of America. |
48. 委员会建议缔约国： | 48. The Committee recommends that the State party: |
(a) 修订《移民法》，以期废除直接遭受拘留，并且，在过渡期间，在各州推广拘留释放方案； | (a) Revise the Migration Act, with a view to abolishing automatic detention, and, in the interim, expand the release programme to all states; |
(b) 确保有效获得公平、高效和对性别问题有敏感认识的难民地位确定程序； | (b) Ensure effective access to fair, efficient and gender-sensitive refugee status determination procedures; |
(c) 确保在各州落实移民、难民和寻求庇护妇女和女童获得医疗保健服务、住房和工作的权利； | (c) Ensure that the rights of migrant, refugee and asylum-seeking women and girls to health services, housing and employment are implemented in all states; |
(d) 确保向移民妇女、难民妇女和寻求庇护妇女提供就业、医疗保健、心理咨询、教育和参与公共事务方面的一切必要服务； | (d) Ensure that all necessary services with regard to employment, health care, psychological counselling, education and participation in public affairs are made available to migrant, refugee and asylum-seeking women; |
(e) 确保对所有移民妇女强迫失踪案件进行有效调查，并根据犯罪严重程度对犯罪者进行起诉和惩罚。 | (e) Ensure that all cases of enforced disappearances of migrant women are effectively investigated and that perpetrators are prosecuted and punished, to a degree commensurate with the gravity of the crime committed. |
被拘留妇女 | Women in detention |
49. 委员会欢迎缔约国为减少防范性羁押和适用非拘禁措施，但委员会仍对许多拘留中心的条件，特别是那些位于偏远地区的拘留中心的条件感到关切，拘留中心的条件限制了妇女获得包括妇科和产科护理在内的医疗保健服务、司法服务、康复和重返社会机会以及与家庭成员取得联系。 | 49. The Committee welcomes the initiatives adopted to reduce preventive detention and apply non-custodial measures. It remains concerned, however, about the conditions in many detention centres, especially those situated in remote areas, that limit access for women to health services, including obstetric and gynaecological care, to justice services and to rehabilitation and reintegration opportunities and their contact with family members. |
50. 委员会建议缔约国进一步加强监狱系统的改革，并在各州统一使用非拘禁处罚和措施。委员会又建议缔约国改善监狱条件，特别是按照《联合国女性囚犯待遇和女性罪犯非拘禁规则》(《曼谷规则》)，确保她们获得包括妇科和产科护理在内的充分的医疗保健设施和司法服务。 | 50. The Committee recommends that the State party further strengthen the reform of the prison system and harmonize the use of non-custodial sanctions and measures in all states. The Committee further recommends that the State party improve prison conditions, in particular to ensure access to adequate health-care services, including obstetric and gynaecological care, and to justice services, in line with the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders. |
婚姻和家庭关系 | Marriage and family relations |
51. 委员会欢迎《女童、男童和青少年权利一般法》第 45 条，该条规定将女童和男童最低结婚年龄提高到 18 岁。但是，委员会感到关切的是，此项规定在州一级有效实施的问题。委员会进一步关切关于强迫婚姻案件，特别是土著社区的报道。 | 51. The Committee welcomes the provisions of article 45 of the General Act on the Rights of Girls, Boys and Adolescents that increase the minimum age of marriage to 18 for both girls and boys. Nevertheless, it is concerned about the effective implementation of the provision at the state level. It is further concerned about reports of forced marriage, especially in indigenous communities. |
52. 按照第 31 号联合一般性建议，委员会建议缔约国确保有效执行《男童、女童和青少年权利一般法》第 45 条，确保女童和男童最低结婚年龄 18 岁反映在各州法律中，并在缔约国全国得到有效执行。委员会又建议缔约国开展提高认识综合活动，对早婚合法化文化态度提出质疑，推出所有婚姻登记机制，特别是在农村和偏远地区及土著人口中。 | 52. In line with joint general recommendation No. 31, the Committee recommends that the State party ensure the effective implementation of article 45 of the General Act on the Rights of Girls, Boys and Adolescents by ensuring that the minimum age of marriage of 18 years of age for both girls and boys is reflected in the laws of all states and effectively enforced throughout the State party. It further recommends that the State party conduct comprehensive awareness-raising campaigns to challenge cultural attitudes that legitimize early marriage and that it introduce mechanisms to register all marriages, especially in rural and remote areas and among indigenous populations. |
《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》 | Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action |
53. 委员会吁请缔约国在执行《公约》条款时运用《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》。 | 53. The Committee calls upon the State party to use the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action in its efforts to implement the provisions of the Convention. |
54. 委员会请缔约国确保以其官方语文向相关各级(国家、区域和地方)国家机构，及时传播本结论性意见，尤其是政府、各部委、合众国国会和司法部门，以使本结论意见得到充分落实。 | 54. The Committee requests the State party to ensure the timely dissemination of the present concluding observations, in the official language of the State party, to the relevant State institutions at all levels (national, regional and local), in particular to the Government, the ministries, the Congress of the Union and the judiciary, to enable their full implementation. |
落实结论意见的后续行动 | Follow-up to the concluding observations |
55. 委员会请缔约国在两年内提交书面资料，说明为执行上文第 24(c)、(d)、(e)和(h)段所载建议而采取的步骤。 | 55. The Committee requests the State party to provide, within two years, written information on the steps taken to implement the recommendations contained in paragraphs 24 (c), (d), (e) and (h) above. |
下一次报告的编写 | Preparation of the next report |
56. 委员会请缔约国于2022年7月提交其第十次定期报告。该报告应按时提交，并覆盖截至提交之时的整个期间。 | 56. The Committee requests the State party to submit its tenth periodic report, which is due in July 2022. The report should be submitted on time and cover the entire period until the time of its submission. |
大 会 Distr.: General | General Assembly Distr.: General |
12 December 2016ChineseOriginal: Spanish141216 151216 | 12 December 2016 |
Original: Spanish141216 151216 | 16-22061 (E) 141216 |
*1622061* | *1622061* |
议程项目 19(d) | Agenda item 19 (d) |
可持续发展：为人类今世后代保护全球气候 | Sustainable development: protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind |
第二委员会的报告* | Report of the Second Committee* |
报告员：格劳科·塞瓦内先生(秘鲁) | Rapporteur: Mr. Glauco Seoane (Peru) |
一. 导言 | I. Introduction |
1. 第二委员会就议程项目 19 举行了实质性辩论(见 A/71/463，第 2 段)。2016年 10 月 24 日和 12 月 8 日第 20 和 28 次会议就分项(d)采取了行动。委员会审议该分项目的情况载于相关简要记录。1 | 1. The Second Committee held a substantive debate on agenda item 19 (see A/71/463, para. 2). Action on sub-item (d) was taken at the 20th and 28th meetings, on 24 October and 8 December 2016. An account of the Committee’s consideration of the sub-item is contained in the relevant summary records. 1 |
二. 决议草案 A/C.2/71/L.17 和 A/C.2/71/L.51 的审议情况 | II. Consideration of draft resolutions A/C.2/71/L.17 and A/C.2/71/L.51 |
2. 在 10 月 24 日第 20 次会议上，泰国代表(代表属于 77 国集团的联合国会员国和中国 ) 介绍了题为“为人类今世后代保护全球气候”的决议草案(A/C.2/71/L.17)。 | 2. At the 20th meeting, on 24 October, the representative of Thailand, on behalf of the States Members of the United Nations that are members of the Group of 77 and China, introduced a draft resolution entitled “Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind” (A/C.2/71/L.17). |
3. 在 12 月 8 日第 28 次会议上，委员会面前有委员会副主席伊格纳西奥·迪亚斯·德拉瓜迪亚(西班牙)在就决议草案 A/C.2/71/L.17 进行的非正式协商基础上提出的决议草案(A/C.2/71/L.51)。 | 3. At its 28th meeting, on 8 December, the Committee had before it a draft resolution entitled “Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind” (A/C.2/71/L.51), submitted by the Vice-Chair of the Committee, Ignacio Díaz de la Guardia (Spain), on the basis of informal consultations on draft resolution A/C.2/71/L.17. |
4. 在同次会议上，委员会获悉决议草案 A/C.2/71/L.51 不涉及方案预算问题。 | 4. At the same meeting, the Committee was informed that draft resolution A/C.2/71/L.51 had no programme budget implications. |
5. 另在同次会议上，决议草案协调人(法国)发言，口头更正了决议草案A/C.2/71/L.51。2 | 5. Also at the same meeting, the co-facilitator of the draft resolution (France) made a statement and orally corrected draft resolution A/C.2/71/L.51.2 |
6. 还在第 28 次会议上，委员会通过了经口头更正的决议草案 A/C.2/71/L.51(见第 8 段)。 | 6. Also at its 28th meeting, the Committee adopted draft resolution A/C.2/71/L.51, as orally corrected (see para. 8). |
7. 鉴于经口头更正的决议草案 A/C.2/71/L.51 已获通过，决议草案 A/C.2/71/L.17被其提案国撤回。 | 7. In the light of the adoption of draft resolution A/C.2/71/L.51, as orally corrected, draft resolution A/C.2/71/L.17 was withdrawn by its sponsors. |
三. 第二委员会的建议 | III. Recommendation of the Second Committee |
8. 第二委员会建议大会通过以下决议草案：为人类今世后代保护全球气候 | 8. The Second Committeerecommends to the General Assembly the adoption of the following draft resolution: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind |
回顾其 1988 年 12 月 6 日第 43/53 号、1999 年 12 月 22 日第 54/222 号、2007年 12 月 10 日第 62/86 号、2008 年 11 月 26 日第 63/32 号、2009 年 12 月 7 日第64/73 号、2010 年 12 月 20 日第 65/159 号、2011 年 12 月 22 日第 66/200 号、2012年 12 月 21 日第 67/210 号、2013 年 12 月 20 日第 68/212 号、2014 年 12 月 19 日第 69/220 号和 2015 年 12 月 22 日第 70/205 号决议，以及关于为人类今世后代保护全球气候的其他各项决议和决定， | The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 43/53 of 6 December 1988, 54/222 of 22 December 1999, 62/86 of 10 December 2007, 63/32 of 26 November 2008, 64/73 of 7 December 2009, 65/159 of 20 December 2010, 66/200 of 22 December 2011, 67/210 of 21 December 2012, 68/212 of 20 December 2013, 69/220 of 19 December 2014 and 70/205 of 22 December 2015, and other resolutions and decisions relating to the protection of the global climate for present and future generations of humankind, |
又全面回顾《联合国气候变化框架公约》1 和该公约下通过的《巴黎协定》，2承认它们是谈判达成应对气候变化全球对策的主要国际政府间平台，表示决心果断应对气候变化和环境退化构成的威胁，认识到由于气候变化的全球性质，需要尽可能广泛开展国际合作，以加快步伐，减少全球温室气体排放和适应气候变化的不利影响，并关切地注意到，缔约方作出的到 2020 年全球每年温室气体排放量方面的减缓承诺的总体效果与整体排放路径相比仍有巨大差距， | Recalling also in full the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change1 and the Paris Agreement, adopted under the Convention, 2 acknowledging that they are the primary international, intergovernmental forums for negotiating the global response to climate change, expressing determination to address decisively the threat posed by climate change and environmental degradation, recognizing that the global nature of climate change calls for the widest possible international cooperation aimed at accelerating the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and addressing adaptation to the adverse impacts of climate change, and noting with concern the significant gap between the aggregate effect of parties’ mitigation pledges in terms of global annual emissions of greenhouse gases by 2020 and aggregate emission pathways, |
还回顾《巴黎协定》，根据其中的第二条第二款，《协定》的履行将体现公平以及共同但有区别的责任和各自能力的原则，考虑不同国情， | Recalling further the Paris Agreement which, pursuant to article 2.2 thereof, will be implemented to reflect equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances, |
赞赏地注意到 2016 年 4 月 22 日举行的《巴黎协定》高级别签署仪式和 2016年 9 月 21 日举行的《协定》生效会议， | Noting with appreciation the high-level signature ceremony for the Paris Agreement, held on 22 April 2016, and the high-level event for the entry into force of the Agreement, held on 21 September 2016, |
承认适应气候变化的行动是发展中国家尤其是特别易受气候变化不利影响的发展中国家的当务之急，并铭记提供规模更大的资金应当旨在实现适应与减缓之间的平衡， | Acknowledging that action on adaptation to climate change is an urgent priority for developing countries, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, and bearing in mind that the provision of scaled-up financial resources should aim to achieve a balance between adaptation and mitigation, |
欢迎 2016 年 11 月 7 至 18 日在摩洛哥马拉喀什举行联合国气候变化框架公约缔约方大会第二十二届会议、作为京都议定书缔约方会议的缔约方大会第十二届会议和作为巴黎协定缔约方会议的公约缔约方大会第一届会议，并欢迎《马拉喀什行动宣言》， | Welcoming the convening of the twenty-second session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the twelfth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Pa rties to the Kyoto Protocol and the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement, held in Marrakech, Morocco, from 7 to 18 November 2016, and welcoming also the Marrakech Action Proclamation, |
回顾《联合国千年宣言》、3《约翰内斯堡可持续发展宣言》4 和《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)、5《2005 年世界首脑会议成果》、62012 年 6 月 20 至 22 日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会题为“我们希望的未来”的成果文件、7 公约缔约方大会第十三届至第二十一届会议和作为京都议定书缔约方会议的缔约方大会第三届至第十一届会议的成果、2011 年 5 月 9 至 13 日在土耳其伊斯坦布尔举行的第四次联合国最不发达国家问题会议通过的《2011-2020 十年期支援最不发达国家行动纲领》、82016 年 5 月 29 日在土耳其安塔利亚举行的伊斯坦布尔《2011-2020 十年期支援最不发达国家行动纲领》执行情况高级别全面中期审查会议通过的《政治宣言》、9《小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领》、10《毛里求斯宣言》11 和《关于进一步执行小岛屿发展中国家可持续发展行动纲领的毛里求斯战略》、12《小岛屿发展中国家快速行动方式》(《萨摩亚途径》)、13《仙台宣言》和《2015-2030年仙台减少灾害风险框架》、14 2016 年 10 月 17 至 20 日在基多举行的联合国住房和城市可持续发展大会（人居三大会）通过的《新城市议程》以及《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》；15 | Recalling the United Nations Millennium Declaration, 3 the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development4 and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation), 5 the 2005 World Summit Outcome,6 the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, entitled “The future we want”, 7 the outcomes of the thirteenth to twenty-first sessions of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention and of the third to eleventh sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020, adopted at the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, held in Istanbul, Turkey, from 9 to 13 May 2011,8 the Political Declaration adopted by the Comprehensive High-level Midterm Review of the Implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020, held in Antalya, Turkey, from 27 to 29 May 2016,9 the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States,10 the Mauritius Declaration11 and the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, 12 the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway,13 the Sendai Declaration and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030,14 the New Urban Agenda, adopted at the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), held in Quito from 17 to 20 October 2016, and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, 15 |
重申其题为“变革我们的世界：2030 年可持续发展议程”的 2015 年 9 月 25日第 70/1 号决议，其中大会通过了一套全面、意义深远和以人为中心的具有普遍性和变革性的可持续发展目标和具体目标，承诺做出不懈努力，使这一议程在2030 年前得到全面执行，认识到消除一切形式和表现的贫困，包括消除极端贫困，是世界的最大挑战，对实现可持续发展必不可少，并决心采用统筹兼顾的方式，从经济、社会和环境这三个方面实现可持续发展，还将在巩固实施千年发展目标成果的基础上，争取完成它们尚未完成的事业， | Reaffirming its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, in which it adopted a comprehensive, far-reaching and people-centred set of universal and transformative Sustainable Development Goals and targets, its commitment to working tirelessly for the full implementation of the Agenda by 2030, its recognition that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the gre atest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, its commitment to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions — economic, social and environmental — in a balanced and integrated manner, and to building upon the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals and seeking to address their unfinished business, |
又重申其关于第三次发展筹资问题国际会议亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程的 2015年 7 月 27 日第 69/313 号决议，该议程是 2030 年可持续发展议程的组成部分，支持和补充 2030 年议程，并有助于将其关于执行手段的具体目标与具体政策和行动结合起来，并再次作出强有力的政治承诺，本着全球伙伴关系和团结精神应对挑战，在各层面为实现可持续发展筹措资金和创造有利的环境， | Reaffirming also its resolution 69/313 of 27 July 2015 on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, which is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, supports and complements it, helps to contextualize its means of implementation targets with concrete policies and actions, and reaffirms the strong political commitment to address the challenge of financing and creating an enabling environment at all levels for sustainable development in the spirit of global partnership and solidarity, |
表示注意到绿色气候基金及其成功和及时的初步资源调动进程使之成为最大的专项气候基金，注意到作为一个里程碑，该基金核准了 11.7 亿美元的资金，争取实现核准 25 亿美元资金的期盼目标，该目标将有助于在发展中国家取得成果，限制或减少温室气体排放和适应气候变化的影响，重申基金的目标和指导原则，包括在其进程和行动中敏感对待性别问题的方针， | Taking note of the Green Climate Fund and its successful and timely initial resource mobilization process, making it the largest dedicated climate fund, and its approval of 1.17 billion United States dollars in funding as a milestone towards achieving the aspirational goal of approving 2.5 billion United States dollars in funding, which will help to deliver outcomes, in developing countries, to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change, and reiterating the objectives and guiding principles of the Fund, including a gender-sensitive approach in its process and operations, |
注意到《联合国气候变化框架公约》、《联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约》16 和《联合国生物多样性公约》17 的缔约方和秘书处需要在各级酌情加强相互协调与合作，同时尊重各自的任务规定， | Noting the need for enhanced coordination and cooperation at all levels among the parties to and secretariats of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa,16 and the Convention on Biological Diversity, 17 as appropriate, while respecting their individual mandates, |
又注意到联合国环境大会在其任务范围内，与其他相关组织和利益攸关方合作为应对除其他外气候变化的挑战作出贡献，认识到气候变化对海洋和海洋生态系统构成重大风险，在这方面，注意到根据大会 2015 年 12 月 22 日第 70/226 号和 2016 年 9 月 9 日第 70/303 号决议的决定，定于 2017 年 6 月 5 日至 9 日在纽约举行联合国支持落实可持续发展目标 14即保护和可持续利用海洋和海洋资源以促进可持续发展会议，表示注意到国际民用航空组织大会第三十九届会议决定，作为全面一揽子措施的一部分，执行以《国际航空碳抵消和碳减排计划》形式提出的全球市场措施，以应对国际航空二氧化碳排放总量超过 2020 年水平的年度增量，同时考虑到特殊情况和各自的能力，欢迎最近关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书18 缔约方第二十八届会议通过在基加利商定的修正案，规定逐步减少氢氟碳化物，以此大力推动《巴黎协定》的目标，1. 重申气候变化是当今最大挑战之一，对全球温室气体排放量继续上升深表震惊，仍深为关注所有国家，特别是发展中国家容易遭受气候变化的不利影响，而且已经受到更大的影响，包括持续干旱和极端气候事件、土地退化、海平面上升、海岸侵蚀和海洋酸化，进一步危及粮食安全以及为消除贫穷和实现可持续发展所作努力，在这方面，强调减缓和适应气候变化是迫在眉睫的全球优先事项；2. 欢迎法国政府 2015 年 11 月 30 日至 12 月 13 日在巴黎主办的联合国气候变化框架公约缔约方大会第二十一届会议； | Noting also the contribution of the United Nations Environment Assembly to address the challenge of, inter alia, climate change, within its mandate and in collaboration with other relevant organizations and stakeholders, Recognizing the substantial risks posed by climate change to the oceans and marine ecosystems, and in this regard noting the convening of the United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, as decided by the General Assembly in its resolutions 70/226 of 22 December 2015 and 70/303 of 9 September 2016, to be held in New York from 5 to 9 June 2017, Taking note of the decision of the Assembly of the International Civil Aviation Organization at its thirty-ninth session to implement, as part of a comprehensive basket of measures, a global market-based measure in the form of the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation to address annual increases in total carbon dioxide emissions from international civil aviation above 2020 levels, taking into account special circumstances and respective capabilities, Welcoming the recent adoption, at the twenty-eighth meeting of the parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 18 of the amendment, as agreed in Kigali, to phase down hydrofluorocarbons, as a major contribution to the aims of the Paris Agreement, 1. Reaffirms that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time, expresses profound alarm that the emissions of greenhouse gases continue to rise globally, remains deeply concerned that all countries, particularly developing countries, are vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change and are already experiencing an increase in such impacts, including persistent drought and extreme weather events, land degradation, sea level rise, coastal erosion and ocean acidification, further threatening food security and efforts to eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable development, and in this regard emphasizes that mitigation of and adaptation to climate change represent an immediate and urgent global priority; 2. Welcomes the twenty-first session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hosted by the Government of France in Paris from 30 November to 13 December 2015; |
3. 又欢迎《联合国气候变化框架公约》下通过的《巴黎协定》2 于 2016年 11 月 4 日早日生效，鼓励协定所有缔约方充分执行该协定，并鼓励尚未交存批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书的《联合国气候变化公约》1 缔约方酌情尽早交存此种文书； | 3. Also welcomes the early entry into force, on 4 November 2016, of the Paris Agreement adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,2 and encourages all its parties to fully implement the Agreement, and parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1 that have not yet done so to deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, where appropriate, as soon as possible; |
4. 回顾《巴黎协定》在加强执行《公约》包括其目标方面，力求在可持续发展框架内加强全球应对气候变化威胁的对策，并加强消除贫穷的努力，包括把全球平均气温升幅控制在工业化前水平以上低于 2 摄氏度之内，并努力将气温升幅限制在工业化前水平以上 1.5 摄氏度之内，同时认识到这将大大减少气候变化的风险和影响；提高适应气候变化不利影响的能力并以不威胁粮食生产的方式增强气候适应力和温室气体低排放发展；使资金流动符合温室气体低排放和气候适应型发展的路径； | 4. Recalls that the Paris Agreement, in enhancing the implementation of the Convention, including its objective, aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty, including by holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change, increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten food production, and making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development; |
5. 欢迎迄今提交的国家自主贡献，并回顾考虑到不同国情，这类贡献应按照有关决定，反映尽可能最高水平的行动力度，并提供达到清晰、透明和能够理解所必要的信息； | 5. Welcomes the nationally determined contributions submitted to date, and recalls that the regular updating of such contributions should reflect the highest possible level of ambition, in the light of different national circumstances, and provide the information necessary for clarity, transparency and understanding, in accordance with the relevant decisions; |
6. 肯定《利马-巴黎行动议程》所开展的工作，并鼓励没有加入协定的利益攸关方扩大其处理和应对气候变化的努力； | 6. Acknowledges the work undertaken by the Lima-Paris Action Agenda, and encourages non-party stakeholders to scale up their efforts to address and respond to climate change; |
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