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认识到《联合国土著人民权利宣言》阐述的自由、事先和知情同意的重要性， | Recognizing the importance of free, priorand informed consent, as outlined in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, |
又认识到土著人民文化和社会组织形式的价值和多样性，以及土著人民对于土地、自然资源和环境所具有的整体传统知识， | Recognizing also the value and the diversity of the cultures and the form of social organization of indigenous peoples and their holistic traditional knowledge of their lands, natural resources and environment, |
注意到大会在称为世界土著人民大会的大会高级别全体会议成果文件中申明并确认土著人民宗教和文化场所的重要性，申明并确认根据《联合国土著人民权利宣言》的设想，使用或取得礼仪用具和遗骨并将之送回原籍，也具有重要性， | Noting that the General Assembly, in the outcome document of the high-level plenary meeting of the Assembly known as the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples, affirmed and recognized the importance of indigenous peoples’ religious and cultural sites and of providing access to and repatriation of their ceremonial objects and human remains, as contemplated in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, |
赞扬会员国、文化及教育机构、博物馆、土著人民和民间社会打击土著人民文化财产非法贸易的努力，并欢迎所有自愿返还被非法占有的土著人民文化财产的举措，无论是国家、机构还是私人举措， | Commending Member States, cultural and educational institutions, museums, indigenous peoples and civil society for their efforts to combat the illicit trade in indigenous peoples’ cultural property, and welcoming all initiatives, whether by States, institutions or private persons, for the voluntary return of indigenous peoples’ cultural property that has been illicitly appropriated, |
认识到包括土著知识在内的农业做法可以有助于克服气候变化、粮食安全、生物多样性保护以及防治荒漠化和土地退化的综合挑战， | Recognizing that agricultural practices that include indigenous knowledge can contribute to overcoming the combined challenges of climate change, food security, biodiversity conservation and combating desertification and land degradation, |
又认识到必须促进土著人民的生计，这可以通过承认其传统、采取适当公共政策和增强其经济权能等途径实现， | Recognizing also the importance of facilitating indigenous peoples’ livelihoods, which may be achieved by, inter alia, the recognition of their traditions, adequate public policies and economic empowerment, |
还认识到通过建立土著人拥有的企业等途径实现土著人民的经济赋权、包容和发展，可使他们有能力改善其社会、文化、公民和政治参与，实现更大的经济独立性，建立更具可持续性和复原力的社区，并注意到土著人民对更广泛经济的贡献， | Recognizing further that the economic empowerment, inclusion and development of indigenous peoples, including through the establishment of indigenous-owned businesses, can enable them to improve their social, cultural, civil and political engagement, achieve greater economic independence and build more sustainable and resilient communities, and noting the contribution of indigenous peoples to the broader economy, |
强调指出需要按照《联合国土著人民权利宣言》所述，特别关注土著妇女、儿童、青年、老人和残疾人的权利和特殊需要，包括在保护和促进他们平等获得司法救助的过程中这么做，回顾其题为“给予拉丁美洲和加勒比土著人民发展基金大会观察员地位”的2017 年 12 月 7 日第 72/128 号决议，其中大会决定邀请基金以观察员身份参加大会届会和工作，表示注意到土著组织和机构于 2020 年 1 月 27 日至 30 日在基多组织的关于加强土著人民参与联合国的对话会议成果文件，以及在联合国教育、科学及文化组织的支持下于 2020 年 2 月 27 日和 28 日在墨西哥举办的题为“开创为土著语言行动的十年”的高级别活动的《洛斯皮诺斯宣言[查普特佩克]——开创为土著语言行动的十年》，1. 赞赏地注意到土著人民权利专家机制、土著问题常设论坛和人权理事会土著人民权利问题特别报告员的工作，表示注意到特别报告员的报告，17 并鼓励各国政府积极回应特别报告员提出的访问要求；2. 敦促各国政府和联合国系统通过土著人民的代表和机构与土著人民进行协商与合作，继续在国家一级执行适当措施，包括立法措施，以实现《联合国土著人民权利宣言》的各项目标，提高社会各阶层包括立法、司法和公务人员以及土著人民对《宣言》的认识，并邀请国际和区域组织在各自职权范围内、已有的国家人权机构、包括非政府组织在内的民间社会以及其他相关行为体为这些努 | Concerned about the extreme disadvantages that indigenous peoples have typically faced across a range of social and economic indicators and about the impediments to their full enjoyment of their rights, Stressing the need to pay particular attention to the rights and special needs of indigenous women, children, youth, older persons and persons with disabilities, as set out in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, including in the process of protecting and promoting their equal access to justice, Recalling its resolution 72/128 of 7 December 2017, entitled “Observer status for the Fund for the Development of the Indigenous Peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean in the General Assembly”, in which it decided to invite the Fund to participate in the sessions and the work of the Assembly in the capacity of observer, Taking note of the outcome document of the dialogue meeting on enhanced indigenous peoples’ participation at the United Nations, organized by indigenous organizations and institutions and held in Quito from 27 to 30 January 2020, and the Los Pinos Declaration [Chapoltepek] – Making a Decade of Action for Indigenous Languages of the high-level event entitled “Making a Decade of Action for Indigenous Languages”, held in Mexico on 27 and 28 February 2020, with the support of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1. Notes with appreciation the work of the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues and the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the rights of indigenous peoples, takes of indigenous peoples note of the report of the Special Rapporteur,17 and encourages all Governments to respond favourably to the requests of the Special Rapporteur for visits; 2. Urges Governments and the United Nations system, in consultation and cooperation with indigenous peoples through their representatives and institutions, to continue to implement appropriate measures at the national level, including legislative measures, to achieve the ends of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and to promote awareness of it among all sectors of society, including members of legislatures, the judiciary and the civil service, as well as among indigenous peoples, and invites international and regional organizations, within their respective mandates, national human rights institutions, where they exist, |
的国家人权机构、包括非政府组织在内的民间社会以及其他相关行为体为这些努力作出贡献； | civil society, including non-governmental organizations, and other relevant actors to contribute to those efforts; |
3. 特别指出必须执行称为世界土著人民大会的大会高级别全体会议成果文件，并重申会员国承诺通过土著人民自己的代表机构与土著人民进行合作，制定和执行国家行动计划、战略或其他相关措施，以实现《联合国土著人民权利宣言》的各项目标； | 3. Underscores the importance of implementing the outcome document of the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly known as the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples, and reiterates the commitment of Member States to cooperating with indigenous peoples, through their own representative institutions, to develop and implement national action plans, strategies or other measures, where relevant, to achieve the ends of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; |
4. 鼓励秘书长和联合国系统内负责监督执行并后续落实全系统行动计划的高级官员经济和社会事务副秘书长发挥领导作用，确保以协调一致的办法实现《联合国土著人民权利宣言》的各项目标，提高对土著人民权利的认识，以及增强联合国系统在这方面活动的一致性，并鼓励联合国系统各基金、方案和专门机构、驻地协调员和联合国国家工作队充分按照国家发展需要和优先事项执行行动计划； | 4. Encourages the leadership of the Secretary-General and of the Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, as the responsible senior official of the United Nations system, in overseeing the implementation of and following up on the system-wide action plan to ensure a coherent approach to achieving the ends of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, raising awareness of the rights of indigenous peoples and increasing the coherence of the activities of the system in this regard, and encourages the funds, programmes and specialized agencies of the United Nations system, resident coordinators and United Nations country teams to implement this plan in full alignment with national development needs and priorities; |
5. 鼓励会员国、驻地协调员和联合国国家工作队在各自任务范围内并与有关政府协调，在编制联合国可持续发展合作框架和国家方案行动计划过程中，在影响土著人民的问题上让他们参与进来； | 5. Encourages Member States, resident coordinators and United Nations country teams, within their mandates and in coordination with the Governments concerned, to involve indigenous peoples regarding issues affecting them in the preparation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Frameworks and country programme action plans; |
6. 鼓励会员国努力实现《联合国土著人民权利宣言》的各项目标； | 6. Encourages Member States to work towards achieving the ends of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; |
7. 鼓励那些尚未批准或加入国际劳工组织 1989 年《土著和部落人民公约》(第 169 号公约)18 的国家考虑批准或加入该公约； | 7. Encourages those States that have not yet ratified or acceded to the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169), of the International Labour Organization18 to consider doing so; |
8. 促请会员国确保保护受 COVID-19 大流行影响的土著人民，并防止一切形式的歧视，特别是在及时、普遍、包容、公平和无歧视地获得安全、优质、有效和负担得起的保健护理和服务以及医疗用品和设备、包括诊断、治疗、药品和疫苗方面，为此传播准确、明确和以证据和科学为基础的信息，包括酌情以土著语言传播，并在维护人的尊严的基础上，按照平等和不歧视原则，确保不让任何一个人掉队，并首先努力帮助落在最后面的人，又促请会员国制定包容性措施应对 COVID-19 大流行并从中恢复，并与土著人民和其他相关利益攸关方接触，以充分增强所有人改善和保护自身健康的能力； | 8. Calls upon Member States to ensure protection for indigenous peoples affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent all forms of discrimination, especially in the context of timely, universal, inclusive, equitable and non-discriminatory access to safe, quality, effective and affordable health care and services and medical supplies and equipment, including diagnostics, therapeutics, medicine and vaccines, and through the dissemination of accurate, clear and evidence-and science-based information, including in indigenous languages as appropriate, and to leave no one behind, with an endeavour to reach the furthest behind first, founded on the dignity of the human person and reflecting the principles of equality and of indigenous peoples A/RES/75/168 non-discrimination, and also calls upon Member States to put in place an inclusive response to and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and engage with indigenous peoples and other relevant stakeholders to fully empower all in improving and protecting their own health; |
9． 重申土著人民有权使用其传统医药并保持自己的保健做法，19 尤其包括养护其重要的药用植物，作为应对 COVID-19 大流行及其后果的一部分，又重申土著人有权不受任何歧视地获得所有社会和保健服务； | 9. Reaffirms that indigenous peoples have the right to their traditional medicines and to maintain their health practices, 19 including inter alia the conservation of their vital medicinal plants, as part of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences, and also reaffirms that indigenous individuals have the right to access, without any discrimination, to all social and health services; |
10. 欢迎秘书长关于联合国援助土著人民自愿基金状况的报告，20 鼓励各国政府和政府间及非政府组织继续向土著问题信托基金、联合国援助土著人民自愿基金和联合国土著人民伙伴关系捐款，邀请土著组织及私营机构和个人也这样做，并指出必须在这些基金的管理方面保证便利度、问责制、透明度和均衡地域分配； | 10. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on the status of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Peoples,20 and encourages Governments and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to continue to contribute to the trust fund on indigenous issues, the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Peoples and the United Nations Indigenous Peoples’ Partnership, invites indigenous organizations and private institutions and individuals to do likewise, and notes the importance of accessibility, accountability, transparency and balanced geographical distribution in the management of these funds; |
11. 回顾扩大联合国援助土著人民自愿基金的任务，以便其能够协助土著人民组织和社区的代表根据相关规则和条例参与工商企业与人权论坛和联合国气候变化框架公约缔约方会议，包括其筹备会议，以及由公约秘书处组织的地方社区和土著人民平台促进工作组会议； | 11. Recalls the expansion of the mandate of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Peoples so that it can assist representatives of indigenous peoples’ organizations and communities in participating in the Forum on Business and Human Rights and in the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, including in its preparatory sessions and in the meetings of the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform Facilitative Working Group organized by the secretariat of the Convention, in accordance with their respective rules and regulations; |
12. 决定继续于每年 8 月 9 日纪念土著人民国际日，并请秘书长在现有资源内为纪念国际日提供支持； | 12. Decides to continue to observe the International Day of Indigenous Peoples every year on 9 August, and requests the Secretary-General to support the observance of the Day from within existing resources; |
13. 鼓励会员国和联合国系统所有组织和机构及其他国际和区域组织、私营部门和学术界以及包括非政府组织在内的民间社会以适当方式纪念土著人民国际日，包括为此举办教育和提高公众认识的活动； | 13. Encourages Member States and all organizations and bodies of the United Nations system and other international and regional organizations, the private sector and academia, as well as civil society, including non-governmental organizations, to observe the International Day of Indigenous Peoples in an appropriate manner, including through educational and public awareness-raising activities; |
14. 鼓励会员国在履行《2030 年可持续发展议程》中所作承诺和拟订国家行动计划和方案以及国际和区域方案时适当考虑到土著人民的所有权利，履行不让任何人掉队和首先尽力帮助落在最后面的人的诺言； | 14. Encourages Member States to give due consideration to all the rights of indigenous peoples in fulfilling the commitments undertaken in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and in the elaboration of national action plans and programmes as well as international and regional programmes, applying the pledge to leave no one behind and to endeavour to reach the furthest behind first; |
15. 鼓励各国铭记《2030 年议程》第 78 和 79 段，继续考虑在可持续发展问题高级别政治论坛自愿国别评估和本国和全球报告中列入与土著人民有关的资料，说明在执行《2030 年议程》方面取得的进展和面临的挑战，并鼓励各国汇编计量进展情况的分列数据，确保不让任何人掉队； | 15. Encourages States to continue to consider including in their voluntary national reviews for the high-level political forum on sustainable development and their national and global reports information related to indigenous peoples on the progress made and challenges in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, bearing in mind paragraphs 78 and 79 of the 2030 Agenda, and also encourages States to compile disaggregated data to measure progress and to ensure that no one is left behind; |
16. 又鼓励各国根据本国具体国情和特点，酌情收集和传播按族裔、收入、性别、年龄、种族、移民身份、残疾状况、地理位置或其他因素分列的数据，以便监测和提高旨在改善土著人民和个人福祉的发展政策、战略和方案的效果，打击和消除对土著人民的暴力及多重交叉形式的歧视，并支持实现可持续发展目标和《2030 年议程》； | 16. Also encourages States, according to their relevant national context and characteristics, to collect and disseminate data disaggregated by ethnicity, income, gender, age, race, migratory status, disability, geographic location or other factors, as appropriate, in order to monitor and improve the impact of development policies, of indigenous peoples strategies and programmes aimed at improving the well-being of indigenous peoples and individuals, to combat and eliminate violence and multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination against them and to support work towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda; |
17. 鼓励秘书长将关于土著人民的资料纳入今后关于实现可持续发展目标进展情况的年度报告； | 17. Encourages the Secretary-General to include information pertinent to indigenous peoples in the forthcoming annual reports on progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals; |
18. 强调指出需要加强各国和联合国系统各实体将促进和保护土著人民权利纳入国家、区域和国际各级发展政策与方案主流的承诺，并鼓励它们在实现《2030 年议程》目标过程中适当考虑到土著人民的权利； | 18. Stresses the need to strengthen the commitment of States and the entities of the United Nations system to mainstream the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples into development policies and programmes at the national, regional and international levels, and encourages them to give due consideration to the rights of indigenous peoples in achieving the goals of the 2030 Agenda; |
19. 又强调指出需要所有区域的土著人民为可持续发展问题高级别政治论坛做出贡献，鼓励各国就可持续发展目标在地方、国家和区域各级与土著人民进行接触，并促进土著人民在实现这些目标方面发挥领导作用； | 19. Also stresses the need for indigenous peoples of all regions to contribute to the high-level political forum on sustainable development, and encourages States to engage with indigenous peoples at the local, national and regional levels in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals and to promote indigenous peoples’ leadership in their achievement; |
20 邀请土著人民权利专家机制、土著问题常设论坛和土著人民权利问题特别报告员在其任务授权内适当顾及土著人民所享有的与执行《2030 年议程》有关的权利； | 20. Invites the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues and the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples to give due consideration, within their mandates, to the rights of indigenous peoples as related to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda; |
21. 鼓励土著问题常设论坛继续向可持续发展问题高级别政治论坛提供关于土著问题的投入，供其在专题审查中审议； | 21. Encourages the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues to continue to provide inputs on indigenous issues to the high-level political forum on sustainable development for consideration in its thematic reviews; |
22. 着重指出需要与土著人民合作，加紧努力防止和消除一切形式暴力侵害和歧视土著妇女、儿童、青年、老人和残疾人的行为，支持采取措施确保他们增强权能及充分和有效地参与各级和各个领域的决策过程，并清除妨碍他们充分、平等和有效参与政治、经济、社会和文化生活的结构性障碍和法律障碍； | 22. Underlines the need to intensify efforts, in cooperation with indigenous peoples, to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence and discrimination against indigenous women, children, youth, older persons and persons with disabilities and to support measures that will ensure their empowerment and full and effective participation in decision-making processes at all levels and in all areas and eliminate structural and legal barriers to their full, equal and effective participation in political, economic, social and cultural life; |
23. 重申必须在包括性暴力、家庭暴力、性虐待、性剥削和性骚扰在内的暴力侵害土著妇女和女童问题上实施有效问责，且必须采取适当措施防止和消除此类暴力； | 23. Reaffirms the importance of effective accountability with regard to violence against indigenous women and girls, including sexual violence, domestic violence, abuse, exploitation and sexual harassment, as well as with regard to taking adequate measures to prevent and eliminate such violence; |
24. 鼓励各国考虑在各自有关土著人民和妇女的报告中，说明在执行妇女地位委员会 2005 年 3 月 11 日题为“土著妇女：《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》十年审查之后”的第 49/7 号决议21 以及 2012 年 3 月 9 日题为“土著妇女：消除贫穷和饥饿的主要行为者”的第 56/4 号决议22 方面取得的进展和面临的挑战； | 24. Encourages States to consider including in their reports related to indigenous peoples and women information on the progress made and challenges in the implementation of Commission on the Status of Women resolutions 49/7 of 11 March 2005, entitled “Indigenous women: beyond the ten-year review of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action”, 21 and 56/4 of 9 March 2012, entitled “Indigenous women: key actors in poverty and hunger eradication”;22 |
25. 回顾宣布 2022-2032 年期间为国际土著语言十年，以提醒关注土著语言严重丧失问题以及保护、振兴和促进土著语言的迫切需要，在国家和国际两级采取紧急步骤，并邀请联合国教育、科学及文化组织在现有资源范围内与秘书处经济和社会事务部及其他相关机构合作，担任国际十年牵头机构； | 25. Recalls the proclamation of the period 2022–2032 as the International Decade of Indigenous Languages, to draw attention to the critical loss of indigenous languages and the urgent need to preserve, revitalize and promote indigenous languages and to take urgent steps at the national and international levels, and the invitation to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to of indigenous peoples A/RES/75/168 serve as the lead agency for the International Decade, in collaboration with the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat, and other relevant agencies, within existing resources; |
26. 决定2022年将由大会主席举办一次高级别活动，启动国际土著语言十年，还请大会主席在现有资源范围内支持与成功庆祝国际土著语言十年相关的举措； | 26. Decides to convene a high-level event during 2022, organized by the President of the General Assembly, for the launch of the International Decade of Indigenous Languages, and further requests the President of the General Assembly to support initiatives relevant to the successful celebration of the International Decade of Indigenous Languages, within existing resources; |
27. 邀请会员国考虑与土著人民合作建立国家机制，为成功落实国际土著语言十年提供充足资金，并邀请土著人民作为土著语言的当然拥有者和保管人，发起和制订落实国际十年的适当措施； | 27. Invites Member States to consider establishing national mechanisms with adequate funding for the successful implementation of the International Decade of Indigenous Languages in partnership with indigenous peoples, and invites indigenous peoples, as custodians of their own languages, to initiate and develop appropriate measures for the implementation of the International Decade; |
28. 回顾 2019 年 12 月 17 日在纽约联合国总部举行高级别活动，作为 2019土著语言国际年的收官活动，并表示注意到联合国教育、科学及文化组织关于2019 年土著语言国际年战略成果文件的报告；23 | 28. Recalls the high-level event on the conclusion of the 2019 International Year of Indigenous Languages, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York on 17 December 2019, and takes note of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization report on the strategic outcome document of the 2019 International Year of Indigenous Languages; 23 |
29. 鼓励各国政府加倍努力，在尊重土著儿童人权的范畴内，在立法和实际行动中消除最恶劣形式的童工现象，包括酌情为此开展国际合作； | 29. Encourages Governments to redouble efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labour, both in legislation and in practice, in the context of respect for the human rights of indigenous children, including through international cooperation, as appropriate; |
30. 又鼓励各国政府促进采取行动，消除土著儿童，特别是生活在农村地区的土著儿童营养不良现象，为他们提供足够的食物、水和环境卫生、教育、保健和基本服务，并采取行动消除贫穷； | 30. Also encourages Governments to promote actions to eliminate malnutrition of indigenous children, especially for those living in rural areas, by providing them with adequate food, water and sanitation, education, health and basic services, and to implement actions for poverty eradication; |
31. 鼓励跨国公司和其他工商企业尊重人权，包括土著儿童的权利，并在业务中消除强迫劳动和最恶劣形式的童工现象； | 31. Encourages transnational corporations and other business enterprises to respect human rights, including the rights of indigenous children, and to eliminate forced labour and the worst forms of child labour from their operations; |
32. 特别指出需要在各级确保土著妇女和女童受到法律平等保护和在法院面前平等，为此必须酌情为警察和安全部队、检察官、法官和律师提供系统的性别敏感度培训，将性别考虑纳入安全部门改革举措，制定规程和指导方针，并加强或制定适当的仲裁人问责措施； | 32. Underscores the need to ensure equal protection of the law and equality before the courts for indigenous women and girls at all levels and, to that end, the importance of providing systematic gender-sensitivity training, as appropriate, for police and security forces, prosecutors, judges and lawyers, integrating gender considerations into security sector reform initiatives, developing protocols and guidelines and enhancing or putting in place appropriate accountability measures for adjudicators; |
33. 鼓励各国和联合国系统各实体加强国际合作，包括化解土著人民面临的不利处境，并增加在这方面的技术合作和财政援助； | 33. Encourages States and entities of the United Nations system to strengthen international cooperation, including to address the disadvantages faced by indigenous peoples, and to increase technical cooperation and financial assistance in this regard; |
34. 鼓励世界卫生组织、联合国儿童基金会和联合国其他有关机构、基金和方案，在其各自任务授权范围内，就土著青年和土著儿童自杀率高及其根源问题以及预防自杀方面的良好做法开展研究并收集证据，并酌情考虑与会员国合作，包括与土著人民尤其是土著青年组织协商，制定符合国家优先事项的战略或政策 | 34. Encourages the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children’s Fund and other relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, in accordance with their mandates, to carry out research and evidence-gathering on the prevalence and root causes of suicide among indigenous youth and children and good practices on its prevention and to consider developing, as appropriate, strategies or policies, consistent with national priorities, in cooperation with Member States, to tackle it, including through consultation with indigenous peoples, in particular indigenous youth organizations; of indigenous peoples |
35. 表示注意到秘书长关于促进土著人民代表和机构参加相关联合国机构关于影响其自身问题的会议，24 并表示赞赏地注意到在大会第七十、七十一、七十二、七十三和七十四届会议主席领导下开展工作，与会员国、全世界所有地区的土著人民代表和机构以及联合国现有机制进行协商，探讨可采取哪些措施，使土著人民代表和机构能够参加联合国相关机构的会议，讨论影响土著人民的问题，据此最终通过了大会第 71/321 号决议，同时考虑到联合国系统其他机构和组织在这方面取得的成就，并在此之前与世界所有地区的土著人民代表和机构开展协商，作为对政府间进程的投入； | 35. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General24 on enhancing the participation of indigenous peoples’ representatives and institutions in meetings of relevant United Nations bodies on issues affecting them, and takes note with appreciation of the work led by the Presidents of the General Assembly at its seventieth, seventy-first, seventy-second, seventy-third and seventy-fourth sessions in conducting consultations with Member States, indigenous peoples’ representatives and institutions from all regions of the world and existing mechanisms of the United Nations on possible measures to enable the participation of indigenous peoples’ representatives and institutions in meetings of relevant United Nations bodies on issues affecting them, which led to the adoption of Assembly resolution 71/321, taking into account the achievements in that regard of other bodies and organizations throughout the United Nations system, to be preceded by consultations with indigenous peoples’ representatives and institutions from all regions of the world as an input to the intergovernmental process; |
36. 回顾其 2020 年 8 月 12 日第 74/565 号决定，即按照第 71/321 号决议的要求，将组织与土著人民的非正式互动听询会推迟到第七十五届会议； | 36. Recalls its decision 74/565 of 12 August 2020 to postpone to its seventy-fifth session the organization of an informal interactive hearing with indigenous peoples, as requested in resolution 71/321; |
37. 决定按照第 71/321 号决议最初要求，在第七十六届会议上继续审议可能采取的进一步必要措施，以促进土著人民代表和机构参加关于影响他们的问题的联合国相关会议； | 37. Decides to continue the consideration of possible further measures necessary to enhance the participation of indigenous peoples’ representatives and institutions in relevant United Nations meetings on issues affecting them at the seventy-sixth session, as originally requested in resolution 71/321; |
38. 邀请会员国支持秘书长作出努力或开展活动，在土著问题常设论坛第二十届会议之前，酌情通过区域委员会等途径举办区域协商，包括根据大会第71/321 号决议主办此类协商； | 38. Invites Member States to support the Secretary-General in his efforts or activities to hold regional consultations, including through the regional commissions, as appropriate, before the twentieth session of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, including by hosting such consultations, in accordance with resolution 71/321; |
39. 鼓励联合国系统加强与拉丁美洲和加勒比土著人民发展基金的合作，同时考虑到拉丁美洲和加勒比区域在国家与土著人民之间对话和协商进程中所发挥的重要作用； | 39. Encourages the United Nations system to strengthen cooperation with the Fund for the Development of the Indigenous Peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean, considering its fundamental role in the Latin American and Caribbean region in processes of dialogue and consultation between States and indigenous peoples; |
40. 决定在其第七十六届会议临时议程题为“土著人民权利”的项目下继续审议这个问题，并在该议程上保留题为“称为世界土著人民大会的大会高级别全体会议成果文件的后续行动”的分项。 | 40. Decides to continue its consideration of the question at its seventy-sixth session, under the item entitled “Rights of indigenous peoples”, and to maintain in the provisional agenda the sub-item entitled “Follow-up to the outcome document of the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly known as the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples”. |
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约 | Convention on the Elimination |
25 July 2018 | 25 July 2018 |
18-12325 X (C) 190918 210918 | 18-12325 (E) 190918 |
18-12325 X (C) 190918 210918*1812325* | *1812325* |
消除对妇女歧视委员会对墨西哥第九次定期报告的结论性意见 | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women |
对墨西哥第九次定期报告的结论性意见 | Concluding observations on the ninth periodic report of Mexico* |
1. 委员会在 2018 年 7 月 6日第 1608次和第1609次会议(见 CEDAW/C/SR/1608和 CEDAW/C/SR/1609)上审议了墨西哥第九次定期报告(CEDAW/C/MEX/9)。委员会的议题和问题清单载于 CEDAW/C/MEX/Q/9 ，墨西哥的答复载于CEDAW/C/MEX/Q/9/Add.1。 | 1. The Committee considered the ninth periodic report of Mexico (CEDAW/C/MEX/9) at its 1608th and 1609th meetings (see CEDAW/C/SR.1608 and CEDAW/C/SR.1609), held on 6 July 2018. The Committee’s list of issues and questions is contained in CEDAW/C/MEX/Q/9 and the responses of Mexico are contained in CEDAW/C/MEX/Q/9/Add.1. |
A. 导言 | A. Introduction |
2. 委员会感谢缔约国提交第九次定期报告。委员会赞赏缔约国的后续报告(CEDAW/C/MEX/CO/7-8/Add.1)和对会前工作组提出的议题和问题清单的书面答复。委员会欢迎代表团在对话期间作口头发言并就委员会口头提出的问题作出进一步澄清。委员会还感谢对话后以电子形式提供相关信息。 | 2. The Committee appreciates the submission by the State party of its ninth periodic report. It also appreciates the State party’s follow-up report (CEDAW/C/MEX/CO/7-8/Add.1) and its written replies to the list of issues and questions raised by the pre-sessional working group and welcomes the oral presentation by the delegation and the further clarifications provided in response to the questions posed orally by the Committee during the dialogue. It further appreciates the information provided electronically following the dialogue. |
3. 委员会赞扬缔约国派遣由多边事务和人权部副部长米格尔·鲁伊斯·卡瓦尼亚斯率领的多部门代表团出席会议。代表团成员包括内政部、共和国总检察长办公室、劳动和社会保障部、最高法院、联邦司法机关选举法庭、国家高等法院委员会、参议院性别平等委员会、全国妇女协会、国家预防和消除暴力侵害妇女行为委员会、受害者支助执行委员会、联邦司法机关委员会、外交部、国防部、公共教育部、国家预防歧视委员会、国家选举协会、墨西哥社会保障协会、国家土著人民发展委员会、全面保护儿童和青少年国家制度执行秘书处、卫生部、农村、国土和城市发展部、联邦调查暴力侵害妇女行为相关罪行特别检察官办公室、国家公共安全制度执行秘书处、科阿韦拉州萨拉戈司法机构和科阿韦拉州妇女协会的代表以及墨西哥常驻联合国日内瓦办事处和其他国际组织代表索科罗·弗洛雷斯·列拉、常驻副代表胡安·劳尔·埃雷迪亚·阿科斯塔和常驻代表团其他代表。委员会赞赏代表团和委员会之间进行了建设性对话。 | 3. The Committee commends the State party on its multisectoral delegation, which was headed by the Undersecretary for Multilateral Affairs and Human Rights, Miguel Ruiz Cabañas, and included representatives of the Ministry of the Interior; the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic; the Ministry of Labour and Social Security; the Supreme Court; the electoral court of the Federal Judiciary; the National Commission of High Courts of Justice; the Commission for Gender Equality of the Chamber of Senators; the National Women’s Institute; the National Commission for the Prevention and Eradication of Violence against Women; the Executive Commission for Victim Support; the Council of the Federal Judiciary; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the Ministry of National Defence; the Ministry of Public Education; the National Council for the Prevention of Discrimination; the National Electoral Institute; the Mexican Social Security Institute; the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples; the Executive Secretariat of the national system for the comprehensive protection of children and adolescents; the Ministry of Health; the Ministry of Agrarian, Territorial and Urban Development; the Federal Office of the Special Prosecutor for Investigating Offences Related to Acts of Violence against Women; the Executive Secretariat of the national public security system; the Judiciary * Adopted by the Committee at its seventieth session (2–20 July 2018). the State of Coahuila de Zaragoza and the Coahuila Women’s Institute, as well as the Permanent Representative of Mexico to the United Nations and other international organizations at Geneva, Socorro Flores Liera, the Deputy Permanent Representative, Juan Raúl Heredia Acosta, and other delegates from the Permanent Mission. The Committee appreciates the constructive dialogue that took place between the delegation and the Committee. |
B. 积极方面 | B. Positive aspects |
4. 委员会 欢 迎 自 2012 年 审 议 缔 约 国 第 七 次 和 第 八 次 合 并 定 期 报 告(CEDAW/C/MEX/7-8)以来缔约国在立法改革方面取得的进展，特别是缔约国通过以下立法： | 4. The Committee welcomes the progress achieved since its consideration in 2012 of the State party’s combined seventh and eighth periodic reports (CEDAW/C/MEX/7-8) in undertaking legislative reforms, in particular the adoption of the following: |
(a) 《强迫失踪、个人所致失踪和国家失踪人员搜查制度一般法》(2017 年)； | (a) General Act on Enforced Disappearances, Disappearances Committed by Individuals and the National Missing Persons Search System, in 2017; |
(a) 《强迫失踪、个人所致失踪和国家失踪人员搜查制度一般法》(2017 年)；(b) 《国家规划法》，2018 年修正，旨在促进性别平等和禁止基于性别的歧视； | (b) National Planning Act, amended in 2018, which promotes gender equality and prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex; |
(c) 《预防、调查和惩治酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇总法》 | (c) General Act on Preventing, Investigating and Punishing Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment, in 2017; |
(2017 年)；(d) 《联邦预防和消除歧视法修正案》，包括禁止厌女症、恐惧同性恋和种族歧视条款(2014 年)，以及禁止包括性别歧视表达在内的仇恨性言论条 | (d) Amendments to the Federal Act on Preventing and Eliminating Discrimination, including provisions prohibiting misogyny, homophobia and racial discrimination, in 2014, as well as hate speech, including expressions of sexism, in 2018; |
款(2018 年)。(e) 《妇女享有无暴力生活权利一般法修正案》(2016 年)，包括将杀害女性定为刑事犯罪的条款； | (e) Amendments to the General Act on Women’s Access to a Life Free from Violence, including a provision criminalizing feminicide, in 2016; |
(f) 《宪法(第 41 条)修正案》(2014 年)，规定在联邦和地方立法选举中实行平等； | (f) Amendments to the Constitution (article 41) to provide for parity in legislative elections at the federal and local levels, in 2014; |
(g) 《女童、男童和青少年权利一般法》(2014 年)，其中包括女童和男童教育、健康和参与平等权利的条款； | (g) General Act on the Rights of Girls, Boys and Adolescents, which includes provisions on equal rights to education, health and participation for girls and boys, in 2014; |
(h) 《电信和广播法》(2014 年)，包括在不同领域促进性别平等的九项条款。 | (h) Telecommunications and Broadcasting Act, which includes nine articles that promote gender equality in different areas, in 2014. |
5. 委员会欢迎缔约国努力完善其旨在加快消除对妇女的歧视和促进性别平等的体制和政策框架，包括通过或制定以下文件： | 5. The Committee welcomes the State party’s efforts to improve its institutional and policy framework aimed at accelerating the elimination of discrimination against women and promoting gender equality, including the adoption or establishment of the following: |
(a) 《国家机会平等和不歧视妇女方案》(涉及 2013-2018 年期间)； | (a) National programme for equal opportunities and non-discrimination against women, covering the period 2013–2018; |
(a) 《国家机会平等和不歧视妇女方案》(涉及 2013-2018 年期间)；(b) 《国家机会平等和不歧视方案》(涉及 2014-2018 年期间)； | (b) National programme for equality and non-discrimination, covering the period 2014–2018; |
(b) 《国家机会平等和不歧视方案》(涉及 2014-2018 年期间)；(c) 《国家人权方案》(涉及 2014 -2018 年期间)； | (c) National programme on human rights, covering the period 2014–2018; |
(c) 《国家人权方案》(涉及 2014 -2018 年期间)；(d) 《预防、处理、惩治和消除暴力侵害妇女综合计划》(涉及 2014–2018 年 | (d) Comprehensive programme to prevent, address, punish and eradicate violence against women, covering the period 2014–2018; |
(d) 《预防、处理、惩治和消除暴力侵害妇女综合计划》(涉及 2014–2018 年期间)；(e) 《国家残疾人发展和融合方案》(涉及 2014-2018 年期间)； | (e) National programme for the advancement and inclusion of persons with disabilities, covering the period 2014–2018; |
(e) 《国家残疾人发展和融合方案》(涉及 2014-2018 年期间)；(f) 《媒体中的性别平等和应对暴力侵害妇女行为协定》(2016 年签署)； | (f) Agreement on gender equality and tackling violence against women in the media, signed in 2016; |
(g) 《预防少女怀孕国家战略》(2015 年实施)。 | (g) National strategy for the prevention of adolescent pregnancy, implemented in 2015. |
6. 委员会欢迎缔约国在 2015 年批准国际劳工组织(劳工组织)《1973 年最低年龄公约》(第 138 号)。 | 6. The Committee welcomes the fact that, in 2015, the State party ratified the Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) of the International Labour Organization (ILO). |
可持续发展目标 | Sustainable Development Goals |
7. 委员会欢迎国际社会支持实现可持续发展目标，并呼吁按照《公约》规定在执行《2030 年可持续发展议程》整个过程中实现法律上和事实上(实质性)的性别平等。委员会回顾目标 5 的重要性以及将平等和不歧视原则纳入所有 17 项可持续发展目标的主流。委员会促请缔约国承认妇女是国家可持续发展的驱动力量，并为此采取相关政策和战略。 | 7. The Committee welcomes the international support for the Sustainable Development Goals and calls for the realization of de jure and de facto (substantive) gender equality, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, throughout the process of implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Committee recalls the importance of Goal 5 and the mainstreaming of the principles of equality and non-discrimination throughout all 17 Goals. It urges the State party to recognize women as the driving force of the sustainable development of their country and to adopt relevant policies and strategies to that effect. |
C. 议会 | C. Parliament |
8. 委员会强调立法权在确保全面执行《公约》方面的关键作用(见 2010 年委员会第四十五届会议上通过的关于委员会与议员之间关系的声明)。委员会请合众国国会根据其任务授权采取步骤，从现在起直至提交下一次定期报告时落实本结论性意见。 | 8. The Committee stresses the crucial role of the legislative power in ensuring the full implementation of the Convention (see the statement by the Committee on its relationship with parliamentarians, adopted at the forty-fifth session, in 2010). It invites the Congress of the Union, in line with its mandate, to take the necessary steps regarding the implementation of the present concluding observations between now and the submission of the next periodic report. |
D. 主要关切领域和建议 | D. Principal areas of concern and recommendations |
总体情况和性别暴力 | General context and gender-based violence |
9. 委员会承认缔约国为消除总体的暴力气氛和促进妇女权利所作的努力。但是，委员会重申其之前的关切(CEDAW/C/MEX/CO/7-8，第 11 段)，并对缔约国持续存在的高度不安全、暴力、有组织犯罪以及与公众安全相关的挑战正在对妇女和女童享有人权产生负面影响感到遗憾。委员会进一步关切，缔约国出现反对性别平等的宣传可能会破坏近年来在促进性别平等方面取得的成就。 | 9. The Committee acknowledges the efforts of the State party to overcome the general climate of violence and promote women’s rights. It reiterates, however, its previous concerns (CEDAW/C/MEX/CO/7-8, para. 11) and regrets that the persistence of high levels of insecurity, violence and organized crime in the State party, as well as the challenges associated with public safety strategies, is negatively affecting the enjoyment by women and girls of their human rights. It is further concerned that the emergence of propaganda against gender equality in the State party may undermine achievements attained in recent years in the advancement of gender equality. |
10. 委员会重申之前的建议(CEDAW/C/MEX/CO/7-8，第 12 段)，并促请缔约国： | 10. The Committee reiterates its previous recommendations (CEDAW/C/MEX/CO/7-8, para. 12) and urges the State party: |
(a) 加强公共安全战略，依照包括《公约》在内的国际人权义务，打击有组织犯罪，并消除继续影响妇女和女童的高度不安全和暴力； | (a) To strengthen its public security strategy to combat organized crime, in accordance with its international human rights obligations, including the Convention, and to eliminate the high levels of insecurity and violence that continue to affect women and girls; |
(b) 采取适当措施，通过有妇女组织积极参与制定和实施的各种宣传活动和公共能力建设，提高人们对妇女人权的认识，并应对反对性别平等的宣传。 | (b) To adopt appropriate measures to raise awareness of women’s human rights, through campaigns and public capacity-building designed and implemented with the active participation of women’s organizations, and to address propaganda against gender equality. |
立法框架和歧视妇女定义 | Legislative framework and definition of discrimination against women |
11. 委员会欢迎缔约国努力加强法律框架与《公约》的协调统一，包括通过修正《宪法》第 73 条使国会能够加速制定联邦法律并通过《国家平等和不歧视方案》(涉及 2014-2018 年期间)。但是，委员会仍然关切： | 11. The Committee welcomes the efforts made to strengthen harmonization of the legal framework with the Convention, including through amendments to article 73 of the Constitution that enable the Congress to expedite federal laws and the adoption of a national programme for equality and non-discrimination, covering the period 2014–2018. Nevertheless, it remains concerned that: |
(a) 在立法中性别歧视条款持续存在且各州民法典和刑法典之间缺少协调统一，继续阻碍《公约》的有效实施和国家性别平等立法； | (a) The persistence of sex-based discriminatory provisions in legislation and the lack of harmonization among state-level civil and criminal codes continue to impede the effective implementation of the Convention and national gender equality legislation; |
(b) 缺乏有效机制，用于执行和监测性别平等和妇女享有无暴力生活权利的相关法律的州级预算拨款也不足，导致未能消除歧视，特别是交叉形式歧视，尤其是针对土著妇女、非洲裔墨西哥妇女和移民妇女、残疾妇女以及女同性恋、女双性恋、女跨性别者和女双性者的歧视； | (b) The lack of effective mechanisms and the insufficient state-level budgetary allocations to implement and monitor the laws relating to gender equality and women’s right to a life free of violence have failed to eliminate discrimination, notably intersecting forms of discrimination, in particular against indigenous women, Mexican women of African descent, migrant women, women with disabilities, lesbian, bisexual and transgender women and intersex persons; |
(c) 缺少统一的裁决歧视妇女案件的刑法典和司法机制，导致基于性别的歧视案件起诉率低。 | (c) The absence of a unified criminal code and of a judicial mechanism to adjudicate cases of discrimination against women has resulted in low prosecution rates in cases of discrimination on the basis of sex. |
12. 按照缔约国的《公约》义务和可持续发展目标中具体目标 5.1(在全球消除对妇女和女童一切形式的歧视)，并考虑到缔约国在其通过的其他一般法中所作的积极努力，委员会建议缔约国： | 12. In accordance with the State party’s obligations under the Convention and in line with target 5.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals, to end all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere, and taking into account the positive efforts made through other general laws adopted by the State Party, the Committee recommends that the State party: |
(a) 废除立法中歧视妇女和女童的任何条款，协调关于歧视妇女和暴力侵害妇女的法律定义和处罚； | (a) Repeal any provisions in its legislation that discriminate against women and girls and harmonize legal definitions and sanctions for discrimination and violence against women; |
(b) 改革《宪法》第 73 条，使国会能够通过一部规范包括所有罪行和处罚在内的所有刑事事项的国家刑法；或制定通过刑事事项一般法充分保障妇女权利 | (b) Reform article 73 of the Constitution to enable Congress to adopt a national criminal code regulating all criminal matters, including all crimes and sanctions, or to establish a minimum basis that fully guarantees the rights of women through a general law in criminal matters; |
(c) 建立司法申诉机制，专门处理歧视妇女案件，并确保为该机制有效实施划拨足够的人力、技术和财政资源，包括为司法机构提供关于适用《公约》和其他反歧视立法的培训； | (c) Establish a judicial complaint mechanism to deal specifically with cases of discrimination against women and ensure that adequate human, technical and financial resources are allocated for its effective implementation, including training for the judiciary on the application of the Convention and other anti-discrimination legislation; |
(d) 通过纳入充足资源、时限和可衡量目标的路线图，要求联邦、州和地方各级执行相关法律，预防和消除一切形式事实上的歧视妇女行为，尤其是针对土著妇女、非洲裔墨西哥妇女和移民妇女，残疾妇女以及女同性恋、女双性恋、女跨性别者和女双性者的歧视。 | (d) Adopt a road map that includes adequate resources, a timeline and measurable targets requiring authorities at the federal, state and local levels to implement relevant laws to prevent and eliminate all forms of de facto discrimination against women, in particular indigenous women, Mexican women of African descent, migrant women, women with disabilities, lesbian, bisexual and transgender women and intersex persons. |
司法救助 | Access to justice |
13. 委员会欢迎缔约国为改善妇女获得司法救助所作的努力，包括《用性别观点进行评判议定书》。但是，委员会感到关切的是，根深蒂固的体制、结构和实际障碍继续阻碍妇女获得司法救助，包括以下方面： | 13. The Committee welcomes the efforts that have been made by the State party to improve access to justice for women, including the protocol for judging with a gender perspective. It is concerned, however, that deep-rooted institutional, structural and practical barriers continue to hinder women’s gaining access to justice, including the following: |
(a) 司法部门、法律从业人员和包括警察在内的执法人员的歧视性陈规定型观念和对妇女权利的有限认识； | (a) Discriminatory stereotypes and limited knowledge of women’s rights among members of the judiciary, legal practitioners and law enforcement officers, including the police; |
(b) 案件解决方面陈规定型的解释标准和司法偏见，对在履行司法职权时不具有性别敏感性的法官缺乏问责，以及公众诉诸司法裁决的机会有限； | (b) Stereotypical interpretative criteria and judicial bias in the resolution of cases and the lack of accountability of judges who fail to comply with gender-sensitive jurisdictional performance, combined with limited public access to judicial decisions; |
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