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*2012868* | *2012868* |
第七十五届会议 | Seventy-fifth session |
议程项目 53 | Agenda item 53 |
本报告根据大会第 74/88 号决议编写，介绍了 2019 年 6 月 1 日至 2020 年 5月 31 日期间以色列在包括东耶路撒冷在内的被占领西岸和被占领的叙利亚戈兰的最新定居点活动，并着重强调了这些活动对人权的影响。* 本报告在截止日期之后提交，以便列入最新资料。一. 导言1. 本报告根据大会第 74/88 号决议提交，介绍了 2019 年 6 月 1 日至 2020 年 5月 31 日期间该决议的最新执行情况。报告的依据是联合国人权事务高级专员办事处(人权高专办)在巴勒斯坦被占领土开展的监测活动和其他信息收集活动、在巴勒斯坦被占领土的其他联合国实体提供的信息以及非政府组织提供的信息。本报告应结合秘书长和高级专员近期提交大会和人权理事会的有关报告1一并阅读。秘书长每季度就同一期间第 2334(2016)号决议执行情况向安全理事会作出的通报2 也提供了相关信息。2. 报告载有定居点的最新进展及其对人权的影响，其中尤其审查了东耶路撒冷和伯利恒的强拆和强迫迁离情况。报告还载有以色列在被占领的叙利亚戈兰定居点的最新情况。3. 在本报告所述期间，以色列增加了在包括东耶路撒冷在内的被占领西岸的定居点活动。2020 年 4 月 20 日，以色列新联合政府各方就总理可提议吞并被占领西岸部分地区的条件达成了一致。3 强拆巴勒斯坦房产和强迫迁离事件有所增加，定居者暴力行为继续保持上一次报告所述期间的高位，包括在冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间也是如此，而且基本上不受惩罚。这些事态发展加剧了在 | Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan Report of the Secretary-General* Summary The present report, prepared pursuant to General Assembly resolution 74/88, provides an update on Israeli settlement activities in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan, from 1 June 2019 to 31 Ma y 2020, and highlights their impact on human rights. * The present report was submitted after the deadline in order to include the most recent information. I. Introduction 1. The present report, submitted pursuant to General Assembly resolution 74/88, provides an update on the implementation of the resolution from 1 June 2019 to 31 May 2020. It is based on monitoring and other information-gathering activities conducted by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, and on information provided by other United Nations entities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and by non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The report should be read in conjunction with recent related reports of the Secretary-General and of the High Commissioner submitted to the Assembly and to the Human Rights Council. 1 The quarterly reports of the Secretary-General to the Security Council on the implementation of resolution 2334 (2016) concerning the same period2 also provide relevant information. 2. The report contains an update on settlement advancement and its impact on human rights, in which, in particular, demolitions and evictions in East Jerusalem and Bethlehem are examined. It also contains an update on Israeli settlements in the occupied Syrian Golan. 3. During the period under review, Israeli settlement activities increased in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem. On 20 April 2020, the parties to the new coalition Government of Israel agreed on terms under which the Prime Minister could put forward a proposal to annex parts of the occupied West Bank.3 Demolitions of Palestinian property and forced evictions increased and settler violence continued at the high levels of the previous reporting period, including during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and largely with impunity. These developments |
联合国人权事务高级专员以往报告中描述的胁迫性环境。 | exacerbated the coercive environment described in previous reports of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. |
二. 法律背景 | II. Legal background |
4. 国际人权法和国际人道法同时适用于巴勒斯坦被占领土，即加沙和西岸，包括东耶路撒冷。这包括在法律上适用《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》(《日内瓦第四公约》)，该公约对占领国以色列具有约束力。对在巴勒斯坦被占领土和被占领的叙利亚戈兰适用的法律框架的详细分析，可查阅秘书长以往报告。4 | 4. International human rights law and international humanitarian law are concurrently applicable in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, namely, Gaza and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem. This includes the de jure applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (Fourth Geneva Convention), which is binding upon Israel as the occupying Power. A detailed analysis of the legal framework applicable in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and the occupied Syrian Golan can be found in previous reports of the Secretary-General.4 |
三. 与定居点有关的活动 | III. Activities related to settlements |
5. 在本报告所述期间，特别是在东耶路撒冷及其周边地区，定居点计划的推进和招标有所增加。继美利坚合众国政府于 2020 年 1 月 28 日宣布“和平走向繁荣：改善巴勒斯坦和以色列人民生活的愿景”之后，以色列政府成员呼吁吞并被占领西岸的部分地区。西岸包括东耶路撒冷被拆除的巴勒斯坦建筑比上一次报告所述期间增加了 19%，自 COVID-19 暴发以来则保持在略有下降的水平。定居者暴力行为持续高发，造成重大财产损失，在 COVID-19 暴发期间尤其如此。在下文所述人权高专办监测的大多数定居者暴力事件中，以色列安全部队未能保护巴勒斯坦居民，对这些事件中的暴力行为也没有进行责任追究。 | 5. During the reporting period, there was an increase in settlement plan advancements and tenders, in particular in East Jerusalem and surrounding areas. The announcement of the “Peace to prosperity: a vision to improve the lives of the Palestinian and Israeli people” by the Government of the United States of America, on 28 January 2020, was followed by calls from members of the Government of Israel to annex parts of the occupied West Bank. The demolition of Palestinian structures in West Bank, including in East Jerusalem, increased by 19 per cent as compared with the previous reporting period and has continued at slightly lower levels since the COVID-19 outbreak. Settler violence continued at high levels, resulting in significant property damage, in particular during the COVID-19 outbreak. In the majority of incidents of settler violence monitored by OHCHR, as described below, Israeli security forces failed to protect the Palestinian population, and for most incidents there was no accountability for violence perpetrated in those incidents. |
A. 扩建定居点 | A. Settlement expansion |
土地指定、规划和招标 | Land designation, planning and tenders |
6. 在本报告所述期间，定居点建设计划的推进速度在上一次报告所述期间已经很高的水平之上又提高了 7%，以色列当局推进或批准了在西岸建造大约 11 700个住房单元的计划。5 其中 10 400 个单元将位于 C 区，包括大约 4 400 个单元到2020 年 5 月 31 日已进入最后批准阶段。在东耶路撒冷，大约 1 500 个住房单元的计划已获推进，其中大约 900 个单元到 2020 年 5 月 31 日已进入最后批准阶段。6 以色列政府还宣布打算在东耶路撒冷、包括在 E1 和 E2 区推进数千个单元，这些单元如果建成，将切断包括东耶路撒冷在内的西岸的毗连性(见第四节)。 | 6. Advancement of plans for settlement construction further increased by 7 per cent in the reporting period from the already high level of the previous reporting period, with plans for some 11,700 housing units in the West Bank advanced or approved by the Israeli authorities.5 Of those units, 10,400 will be located in Area C, including about 4,400 which had reached the final stages of approval by 31 May 2020. In East Jerusalem, plans were advanced for some 1,500 housing units, about 900 of which had reached the final stage of approval as at 31 May 2020.6 The Government of Israel further announced intentions to advance thousands of units in East Jerusalem, including in the E1 and E2 areas, which, if constructed, would sever the contiguity of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem (see sect. IV). |
7. 以色列当局为 C 区定居点的 1 700 个单元进行了招标，而上一次报告所述期间为 2 400 个单元。在东耶路撒冷，则宣布为 1 500 个住房单元进行招标。7 | 7. Israeli authorities issued tenders for 1,700 units in Area C settlements, compared with 2,400 during the previous reporting period. In East Jerusalem, tenders were announced for 1,500 housing units.7 |
8. 有关 C 区定居点开工情况的官方数据显示，开工单元从上一次报告所述期间的 2 395 个减少到 1 301 个。 | 8. Official data on settlement construction starts in Area C indicate a decrease from 2,395 units in the previous reporting period to 1,301 units. |
9. 2019 年 12 月 1 日，以色列国防部长指示以色列民政局推进希伯伦 H2 区批发市场新定居点的规划程序。8 | 9. On 1 December 2019, the Minister of Defence of Israel instructed the Israeli Civil Administration to advance planning procedures for a new settlement in the wholesale market in the H2 zone in Hebron. 8 |
10. 根据以色列非政府组织“立刻实现和平”运动的记录，在本报告所述期间新建了七个前哨站，9 而前一期间为 11 个。10 此前从 2007 年到 2017 年，则是平均每年新建 1.7 个。11 所有新建前哨站都具有农业性质，对周围的巴勒斯坦社区影响更大，因为占据了大片土地，而且转移了水源。12 秘书长回顾，以色列在包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土上的定居点活动违反了国际人道法。虽然 | 10. According to the Israeli NGO Peace Now, seven new outposts were established during the reporting period,9 compared with 11 in the previous.10 Previously, between 2007 and 2017, an average of 1.7 outposts were established per year. 11 All the new outposts are agricultural, which has a greater impact on surrounding Palestinian communities as they take over large swathes of land and divert water. 12 The Secretary-General recalls that settlement activities by Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, are violations of international humanitarian law. |
以色列国内法也视前哨站为非法，但以色列当局继续通过提供服务和奖励来鼓励和便利某些前哨站的建立。例如，2020 年 2 月 24 日，以色列总理据报下令将 12个前哨站接入以色列电网。13 以色列当局在至少六个前哨站拆除了建筑或阻止了施工，但没有一个被完全拆除。14 | Although outposts are also considered illegal under Israeli domestic law, Israeli authorities continued to encourage and facilitate the establishment of certain outposts through the provision of services and incentives. For example, on 24 February 2020, the Prime Minister of Israel reportedly ordered that 12 outposts be connected to the Israeli electrical grid.13 Israeli authorities demolished structures or prevented construction in at least six outposts, but none was fully dismantled.14 |
B. 巩固定居点 | B. Consolidation of settlements |
11. 在美国宣布“和平走向繁荣”愿景后，以色列总理表示，“以色列将对约旦河谷、朱迪亚和撒马利亚的所有犹太社区、以及[美国政府]计划指定为以色列一部分且美国已同意承认为以色列一部分的其他地区适用以色列法律”。15 他后来澄清说，只有在美以联合测绘委员会就以色列将对其适用主权的西岸具体地区达成一致后，才会采取这一步骤。16 在本报告所述期间结束时，该委员会的工作正在进行中。以色列政府宣布，将根据愿景中的地图，在明显分配给以色列的地区推进大规模计划(见下文第四节)。2020 年 1 月和 2 月的其他显著进展包括宣布计划在 C 区新设七个自然保护区，并扩大 12 个现有保护区，这是自 1990 年代以来的首次，17 以及在盖勒吉利耶南部早期推进一个新的大型工业园。18 | 11. Following the announcement of the United States “Peace to prosperity” vision, the Prime Minister of Israel stated that “Israel will apply its laws to the Jordan Valley, to all the Jewish communities in Judea and Samaria, and to other areas that the [United States Government’s] plan designates as part of Israel and which the United States has agreed to recognize as part of Israel.”15 He later clarified that such a step would take place only once a joint United States-Israeli mapping committee agreed on specific areas of the West Bank over which Israel would apply its sovereignty. 16 The committee’s work was ongoing at the end of the reporting period. The Government of Israel announced that it would advance large-scale plans in the areas which appear to be allocated to Israel according to the map included in the vision (see sect. IV below). Other notable advancements in January and February 2020 included the plan announced to declare 7 new nature reserves in Area C and to expand 12 existing reserves, for the first time since the 1990s 17 and the early advancement of a large new industrial park south of Qalqilyah. 18 |
12. 2020 年 4 月 20 日，以色列新联合政府就总理可提议吞并被占领西岸部分地区的条件达成了一致。19 2020 年 4 月 22 日，巴勒斯坦国总统表示，如果以色列继续推进此类步骤，他将视与以色列和美国的协议“完全作废”。20 5 月 19 日，他宣布，巴勒斯坦国和巴勒斯坦解放组织解除“与美国和以色列政府的所有协议和谅解，以及基于这些谅解和协议的所有义务，包括安全义务”。21 次日，巴勒斯坦官员正式通知以色列对等人员将终止安全协调。 | 12. On 20 April 2020, the new coalition Government of Israel agreed on terms under which the Prime Minister could put forward a proposal to annex parts of the occupied West Bank for Government or Knesset approval. 19 On 22 April 2020, the President of the State of Palestine stated that he would regard agreements with Israel and the United States as “completely cancelled” if Israel moved forward with such steps. 20 On 19 May, he announced that the State of Palestine and the Palestinian Liberation Organization were absolved “of all the agreements and understandings with the American and Israeli governments and of all the obligations based on these understandings and agreements, including the security ones.” 21 The following day, Palestinian officials formally notified Israeli counterparts of the termination of security coordination. |
13. 如果付诸实现，吞并约旦河西岸的任何部分都将构成对国际法、包括对《联合国宪章》的最严重违反，22 还将严重阻碍巴勒斯坦人民行使自决权，并成为实现两国解决方案以及公正、持久和全面和平的主要障碍。23 这一步骤将巩固在包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土上建立定居点的做法，这种做法没有法律效力，是对国际法的公然违反。24 | 13. If implemented, annexation of any part of the West Bank would constitute a most serious violation of international law, including the Charter of the United Nations.22 It would also severely impede the exercise by the Palestinian people of its right to self-determination, and be a major obstacle to the achievement of the two - State solution and a just, lasting and comprehensive peace. 23 Such a step would entrench the establishment of settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, which has no legal validity and constitutes a flagrant violation under international law.24 |
希伯伦 | Hebron |
14. 2019 年 12 月 23 日，耶路撒冷地区法院在上诉后确认驱离自 2001 年以来一直占据希伯伦 Tall al-Rumaydah 巴勒斯坦人所拥有的“Al Bakri”屋的以色列定居者。经过 14 年的法律诉讼，耶路撒冷治安法院于 2019 年 3 月 12 日裁定，Bakri家族拥有该房产，定居者使用伪造文件声索所有权是恶意行为，并命令他们在 45天内撤出该房产。25 以色列当局此前曾在 2006 年、2008 年和 2012 年命令定居者撤离，但没有结果。到本报告所述期间结束时，法院的最新裁定尚未得到执行。 | 14. On 23 December 2019, the Jerusalem District Court confirmed after appeal the eviction of the Israeli settlers who have occupied the Palestinian-owned “Al Bakri” house in Tall al-Rumaydah, Hebron, since 2001. After 14 years of legal proceedings, the Jerusalem Magistrate Court had ruled on 12 March 2019 that the Bakri family owned the property and that the settlers had acted in bad faith by using forged documents to claim ownership, and ordered them to evacuate the property within 45 days.25 Israeli authorities had previously ordered the settlers to evacuate in 2006, 2008 and 2012, without result. The latest court decision had not been implemented by the end of the reporting period. |
15. 2020 年 5 月 12 日，以色列国防部从巴勒斯坦希伯伦市政府手中接管了希伯伦易卜拉欣清真寺/列祖之墓的市政规划权，理由是该地点应通过建造电梯向残疾人开放。26 该命令允许 60 天内提出反对意见。 | 15. On 12 May 2020, the Ministry of Defence of Israel assumed municipal planning authority over the Ibrahimi Mosque/Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron from the Palestinian Hebron municipality, on the stated grounds that the site should be made accessible to persons with disabilities with the construction of an elevator. 26 The order allowed 60 days for objections. |
前哨站正规化 | Regularization of outposts |
16. 根据“立刻实现和平”的记录，通过批准以事后追溯方式将前哨站27 列为现有定居点组成部分的计划，已有四个前哨站根据以色列法律实现正规化。28 针对杰里科省 Mevo’ot Yericho 前哨站和耶路撒冷以东靠近 Khan al-Ahmar/Abu al-Helu巴勒斯坦贝都因人社区的 Haroeh Ha’ivri 前哨站的类似正规化计划，已分别于2020 年 2 月和 3 月交存。 | 16. According to Peace Now, four outposts were regularized under Israeli law through the approval of plans that retroactively included the outposts 27 as neighbourhoods of existing settlements. 28 Plans to similarly regularize the outposts of Mevo'ot Yericho, Jericho Governorate, and Haroeh Ha'ivri, near the Palestinian Bedouin community of Khan al-Ahmar/Abu al-Helu, east of Jerusalem, were deposited in February and March 2020 respectively. |
C. 定居点对人权的影响 | C. Impact of settlements on human rights |
与定居点有关的暴力事件 | Settlement-related violence |
17. 根据人道主义事务协调厅的数据，定居者暴力事件继续居高不下，在本报告所述期间记录到 337 起事件，29 而上一报告期为 357 起。巴勒斯坦人伤亡事件和遇袭严重程度都略有下降。没有巴勒斯坦人被定居者杀害，但有一名 17 岁以色列女孩在西岸 Ein Bubin 温泉被巴勒斯坦人杀害，她的父亲和兄弟在袭击中受重伤。30 被定居者打伤的巴勒斯坦人从上一次报告所述期间的133人减少到 116 人，无人因枪击受伤。31 有21名以色列人被巴勒斯坦人打伤，而上一报告期为37人。定居者破坏财产事件略增至 266 起，有 8 591 棵树遭到破坏。32 定居者企图进入和/或袭击巴勒斯坦社区，继续导致以色列安全部队与巴勒斯坦人发生摩擦。以色列安全部队在这些摩擦中打死了 1 名巴勒斯坦人，打伤 230 人。33 | 17. According to the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, incidents of settler violence continued at a high level, with 337 incidents recorded during the reporting period,29 compared with 357 in the previous. Killings of and injuries to Palestinians and the severity of attacks decreased slightly. No Palestinians were killed by settlers, while a 17-year-old Israeli girl was killed by Palestinians at the Ein Bubin spring in the West Bank in an attack in which her father and brother were severely injured. 30 The number of Palestinians injured31 by settlers decreased from 133 in the previous reporting period to 116, with no injuries from live ammunition reported. Twenty-one Israelis were injured by Palestinians, compared with 37 in the previous reporting period. Incidents of property damage by settlers slightly increased to 266, with 8,591 trees vandalized.32 Attempts by settlers to enter and/or attack Palestinian communities continued to cause friction between Israeli security forces and Palestinians. Israeli security forces killed 1 Palestinian and injured 230 in such contexts.33 |
18. 纳布卢斯省的定居者暴力事件仍然最多(占 27%)，希伯伦省则记录到 50%的定居者暴力致伤事件。34 联合国人权事务高级专员报告了这些地区一再发生而且明显有组织的定居者暴力行为，加上其他胁迫性因素，迫使几个巴勒斯坦家庭离开家园的情况。35 | 18. Nablus Governorate continued to account for the largest part (27 per cent) of settler violence incidents, while 50 per cent of the injuries due to settler violence were recorded in Hebron Governorate.34 The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights has reported on how repeated and apparently organized settler violence, coupled with other coercive factors, has forced several Palestinian families to leave their homes in those areas.35 |
19. 2019 年 11 月 22 日和 23 日，在希伯伦 H2 区的犹太宗教庆祝活动中记录到一系列定居者袭击事件。以色列安全部队全都在场，但没有采取行动保护巴勒斯坦人。2019 年 11 月 22 日，在 wadi al Husayn 居民区，大约 50 名定居者聚在一家商店外殴打(包括用棍棒)一大家巴勒斯坦人并向他们喷洒胡椒雾剂，造成六名男子和一名女子受伤，其中一人伤势严重。2019 年 11 月 23 日，在 Tall al-Rumaydah的限制区发生三起定居者袭击事件，其中一次事件是一大群定居者向当地一名人权维护者的房子投掷石块和瓶子。一块石头穿过窗户，击中一名 1 岁男孩头部造成伤害。以色列安全部队不让救护车进入 Tall al-Rumaydah。在房外士兵 20 分钟未能控制住定居者之后，六名巴勒斯坦男子和妇女将男孩抬到检查站，一路上被定居者喷洒胡椒雾剂。男孩到医院接受了治疗。同一天，在同一地区，另一群定居者进入一座大楼，当时楼内有两名巴勒斯坦妇女(包括一名孕妇)和她们的五个孩子，年龄在两天到八岁之间。定居者在焦躁不安的状态下将空瓶子扔到大门和楼梯上，造成财产损坏。由于突然移动，其中一名新近产妇在手术缝合裂开后开始出血。以色列安全部队不准救护车进入 Tall al-Rumaydah，迫使两名护理人员步行穿过检查站对这名妇女进行治疗。大约两个小时后，一群四到五名定居者进入附近的一家商店。其中一人向五名年轻的巴勒斯坦男子喷洒胡椒雾剂，包括一名坐在轮椅上的 16 岁男孩。36 袭击发生后，驻扎在附近的两名士兵停下来与定居者交谈，但未采取任何行动就让他们离开。 | 19. A series of settler attacks was recorded in the H2 zone in Hebron during a Jewish religious celebration, on 22 and 23 November 2019. In all incidents, Israeli security forces were present but did not take action to protect Palestinians. On 22 November 2019, in wadi al-Husayn neighbourhood, a group of around 50 settlers beat (including with batons) and pepper-sprayed members of an extended Palestinian family outside a shop. Six men and one woman were injured, one of them seriously. On 23 November 2019, three settler attacks took place in the restricted area of Tall al-Rumaydah. In one incident, a large group of settlers threw stones and bottles at the house of a local human rights defender. One stone entered through a window and struck a 1-year-old boy in the head, causing injury. Israeli security forces denied entry of an ambulance to Tall al-Rumaydah. After soldiers outside the house had failed to contain the settlers for 20 minutes, six Palestinian men and women carried the boy to a checkpoint, and were pepper-sprayed by settlers on the way. The boy was treated in a hospital. The same day, in the same area, another group of settlers entered a building where two Palestinian women (one of whom was pregnant) and their five children, aged between two days and eight years old, were present. In an agitated state, the settlers threw empty bottles onto the doors and stairway, causing damage to the property. Owing to a sudden movement, one of the women, who had recently given birth, started bleeding after her surgical stitches opened. Israeli security forces prevented the ambulance from entering Tall al-Rumaydah, forcing two paramedics to cross the checkpoint on foot to treat the woman. Approximately two hours later, a group of four to five settlers entered a shop nearby. One of them pepper-sprayed five young Palestinian males, including a 16-year-old boy in a wheelchair.36 Two soldiers stationed nearby stopped and spoke to the settlers after the attack, but let them leave without taking any action. |
20. 2019 年 12 月 15 日，在纳布卢斯省 Yitzhar 定居点附近的 Madama 村，六名定居者向坐在自家院子里的三名巴勒斯坦妇女和一名四岁女孩投掷石块。当她们逃进屋子时，有两人被石块击中，其中一人当时已怀孕五个月，摔倒了两次。她报告说，她后来因肩部受伤在医院接受治疗，并接受与怀孕有关的可能并发症的医学检查。另有 20 名定居者聚集在一起，用铁管打碎了三扇窗户，并向屋子里扔了一块石头，然后一群巴勒斯坦人走近房子，才促使定居者离开。由于担心进一步遇袭，这家人搬迁了两个多月。 | 20. On 15 December 2019, a group of six settlers threw stones at three Palestinian women and a four-year-old girl who were sitting in the yard of their house in Madama village, adjacent to Yitzhar settlement, Nablus Governorate. As they fled into the house, two of the women were hit with stones and one of them – at the time five months pregnant – fell twice. She reported that she was later treated in the hospital for an injury to her shoulder and for medical examination of possible complications related to the pregnancy. Another 20 settlers gathered and smashed three windows with iron pipes and threw one stone into the house, before a group of Palestinians approached the house, prompting the settlers to leave. Fearing further attacks, the family relocated for more than two months. |
21. 这些案例表明，巴勒斯坦妇女在白天男子通常不在家时尤其受到定居者的暴力袭击。此外，孕妇和新近产妇会因为此类袭击而遭受额外的伤害或其他后果。 | 21. The cases illustrate that Palestinian women are particularly targeted by settler violence in their homes during the day, when men are usually absent. Furthermore, pregnant women and women who have recently given birth may suffer additional injury or other consequences from such attacks. |
22. 定居者还在以色列安全部队对他们采取执法措施后袭击了巴勒斯坦人及其财产，留下的信息表明这些袭击是报复行为。位于纳布卢斯省 Yitzhar 定居点附近的 Kumi Ori 前哨站在 2020 年 1 月 15 日被拆除，37 随后发生了一系列导致巴勒斯坦财产受损的事件，留下了传达威胁或仇恨言论的涂鸦。38 2020 年 1 月 24日，东耶路撒冷 Sharafat 居民区的一座清真寺被三名蒙面男子部分烧毁，他们在清真寺留下的涂鸦是：“你们为犹太人拆，Kumi Ori 为敌人拆”。2020 年 1 月 28日，身份不明的袭击者放火焚烧了纳布卢斯省 Aynabus 学校的一间教室。现场涂鸦写着“你们拆毁房屋吗？那只适用于敌人！来自 Kumi Ori 的问候。”从 2019 年10 月 24 日到 12 月 19 日，在纳布卢斯、盖勒吉利耶和萨尔菲特省至少发生了八起此类袭击，继 2019 年 10 月在 Kumi Ori 设立禁止定居者入内的封闭军事区之后，巴勒斯坦人有 70 多辆车和其他财产受损，上面标有类似的信息。 | 22. Settlers also attacked Palestinians and their property following Israeli security forces law enforcement measures against settlers, leaving messages suggesting that those attacks were acts of retribution. A series of incidents resulting in damage to Palestinian property marked with graffiti conveying threats or hat e speech37 occurred following demolitions in the outpost of Kumi Ori, near Yitzhar settlement, in Nablus Governorate, on 15 January 2020.38 On 24 January 2020, a mosque in Sharafat neighbourhood, East Jerusalem, was partially burned by three masked men who left the following graffiti on the mosque: “You demolish for Jews, Kumi Ori demolishes for the enemies”. On 28 January 2020, unknown assailants set fire to a classroom of the Aynabus school, Nablus Governorate. Graffiti at the site read “You are demolishing homes? That is only for enemies! Regards from Kumi Ori.” At least eight attacks of this type took place from 24 October to 19 December 2019 in Nablus, Qalqilyah and Salfit Governorates, with over 70 vehicles and other property of Palestinians damaged and marked with similar messages, following the imposition of a closed military area in Kumi Ori, in October 2019, which barred settlers from entering the area. |
23. 与前几年一样，定居者暴力行为在橄榄收获时和春季几个月达到顶峰。2019年，在以色列当局对下地收获橄榄的巴勒斯坦人实施严格限制的同时，人道主义事务协调厅记录到西岸各地发生了 60 起定居者针对农民的暴力事件，其中 45%发生在纳布卢斯省。39 袭击造成 10 名巴勒斯坦人受伤，2 700 多棵树受损，大约160 吨农产品被盗。40 尽管以色列和巴勒斯坦当局在 COVID-19 大流行期间实施了大量行动限制，定居者的暴力行为，特别是对巴勒斯坦财产的破坏行为，在 2020年春季仍有所增加。 | 23. As in previous years, settler violence peaked during the olive harvest and the spring months. In 2019, in conjunction with severe restrictions imposed by Israeli authorities on access to land for Palestinians seeking to harvest, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs recorded 60 incidents of settler violence against farmers across the West Bank, with 45 per cent of them in Nablus Governorate. 39 The attacks resulted in 10 Palestinians injured, damage to over 2,700 trees and the theft of approximately 160 tons of produce.40 Despite significant movement restrictions imposed by both the Israeli and Palestinian authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic, settler violence increased in the spring of 2020, in particular in t erms of damage to Palestinian property. |
24. 2020 年 3 月至 5 月的定居者暴力行为月度发生率比 2019 年同期高 20%以上。41 由于 COVID-19 疫情导致西岸在 3 月和 4 月几乎完全封锁，这一显著增幅尤其令人震惊。据媒体报道，在疫情暴发之初，当一些地区几乎每天都有袭击事件发生时，以色列安全部队似乎并没有对定居者实施行动限制，而且据报曾多次护送定居者。42 4 月 9 日，以色列安全部队据报将来自纳布卢斯周边前哨站和定居点的一个团体，即所谓的“山顶青年”中与一名 COVID-19 确诊患者有过接触的 20 名定居者安置在杰里科附近的一个临时隔离点。其中两人据报在五天后因涉嫌向三名巴勒斯坦人投掷石块和催泪瓦斯并在隔离地附近放火焚烧两辆汽车而被捕。43 人权组织还报告了定居者在袭击期间向巴勒斯坦人吐痰，让他们害怕接触到 COVID-19，并促使受害者进入检疫或自我隔离状态的事件。44 定居者在多起事件中趁巴勒斯坦人因紧急状态而行动受限之机，似乎试图侵占巴勒斯坦土地。45 例如，4 月 6 日，10 名定居者试图在希伯伦省 Ash Shuyukh 村的巴勒斯坦土地上安装围栏。当主人到达时，定居者投掷石块，使用电泰瑟枪和胡椒喷雾，并放出了狗。一名巴勒斯坦人腿部被狗咬伤，其他人则有瘀伤。以色列安全部队抵达后命令巴勒斯坦人离开他们的土地，并发射催泪瓦斯，投掷眩晕手榴弹。巴勒斯坦人向以色列警方提出了控诉。 | 24. The monthly rate of settler violence from March to May 2020 was over 20 per cent higher than during the same period in 2019. 41 This significant increase is particularly alarming, as it happened despite the almost total lockdown in the West Bank during March and April during the COVID-19 outbreak. Amid almost daily attacks in some areas at the beginning of the outbreak, according to media, Israe li security forces did not appear to enforce the movement restrictions vis-à-vis settlers and reportedly accompanied them on several occasions. 42 On 9 April, Israeli security forces reportedly placed 20 settlers from the so-called “Hilltop Youth”, a group from outposts and settlements around Nablus, in an improvised quarantine site near Jericho, after they had been in contact with a confirmed COVID-19 patient. Two of them were reportedly arrested five days later, suspected of having thrown stones and tear gas canisters at three Palestinians and of setting fire to two cars near the quarantine site.43 Human rights organizations also reported cases of settlers spitting on Palestinians during attacks, causing fear of exposure to COVID-19 and prompting victims to go into quarantine or self-isolation.44 In several incidents, settlers appeared to attempt to take over Palestinian land, taking advantage of the restricted movement of Palestinians owing to the state of emergency. 45 For example, on 6 April, 10 settlers attempted to install a fence on Palestinian lands in Ash Shuyukh village, Hebron Governorate. When the owners arrived, settlers threw stones, used electric tasers and pepper spray and unleashed dogs. One Palestinian sustained a dog bite to the leg and others bore bruises. When Israeli security forces arrived, they ordered the Palestinians to leave their land, firing tear gas and stun grenades. The Palestinians filed a complaint to the Israeli police. |
25. 作为占领国，以色列有义务采取一切力所能及的措施，尽可能恢复和确保巴勒斯坦被占领土的公共秩序和生活，并保护巴勒斯坦人民在任何情况下免遭一切暴力行为或暴力威胁。46 必须迅速、全面和公正地调查所有定居者暴力事件。以色列还有义务尊重、保护和实现巴勒斯坦人民的人权，包括他们的生命权和人身安全权，以及健康权，包括在 COVID-19 大流行期间的健康权。47 | 25. As the occupying Power, Israel has the obligation to take all the measures in its power to restore and ensure, as far as possible, public order and life in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and to protect the Palestinian population against all acts or threats of violence in all circumstances. 46 All incidents of settler violence must be promptly, fully and impartially investigated. Israel also has the obligation to respect, protect and fulfil the human rights of the Palestinian population, including their rights to life and security of person; as well as the right to health, including during the COVID-19 pandemic.47 |
对定居者暴力行为的责任追究 | Accountability for settler violence |
26. 秘书长和联合国人权事务高级专员多次报告了定居者和侵占巴勒斯坦私人土地者普遍不受惩罚的情况。48 2019 年 8 月，以色列司法部发布报告，列出了2017 年 1 月至 2019 年 6 月期间对定居者出于意识形态针对巴勒斯坦人和以色列安全部队犯下罪行的指控进行的 118 项调查。报告指出，调查后提出了 11 项起诉，两项审判，但没有定罪。49 有 46 起案件仍在调查或起诉阶段。在该期间，据报发生了 559 起定居者袭击巴勒斯坦人的事件。50 | 26. The Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights have on many occasions reported on the prevailing climate of impunity tha t exists for settlers and those taking over private Palestinian land. 48 In August 2019, the Ministry of Justice of Israel released a report listing 118 investigations into allegations of ideologically motivated crimes perpetrated by settlers against Palestinians and Israeli security forces between January 2017 and June 2019. The report indicates that investigations resulted in 11 indictments filed, two trials and no convictions.49 Forty-six cases were still under investigation or prosecution stages. During that period, 559 incidents of settler attacks against Palestinians were reported. 50 |
27. 在本报告所述期间，人权高专办跟进了对 2018 年 7 月 11 日至 2019 年 10 月19 日期间发生的 11 起定居者暴力事件的责任追究情况，其中包括在秘书长和联合国人权事务高级专员以往报告中提到的三名巴勒斯坦人被杀事件。51 | 27. During the reporting period, OHCHR followed up on accountability for 11 cases of settler violence that occurred between 11 July 2018 and 19 October 2019, including killing of three Palestinians, which were reported on in the previous reports of the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 51 |
28. 对于杀人事件，人权高专办的审查显示，有一起案件逮捕和起诉了一名嫌疑人，另两起案件则没有追究任何人的责任。因此，有一名定居者因 2018 年 10 月12 日在纳布卢斯附近杀害一名巴勒斯坦妇女而被起诉。52 但此人于 2019 年 5 月获释回家软禁，尽管国家检察官表示反对，认为他对公众构成危险，他仍于 2020年 5 月 2 日获准返回过去居住的西岸定居点。53 自起诉以来，审判没有进展。54关于定居者 2019 年 1 月 26 日在拉马拉省 Mugghayyir 杀害一名男子的事件，55证人已接受约谈，警方于 2019 年 2 月收集了证据，包括录像片段。自那以后，受害者的家人没有收到任何调查近况，也没有关于逮捕的报道。在另一起案件中，两名定居者 2019 年 4 月 3 日在纳布卢斯以南开枪打死一名此前向以色列车辆投掷石块的 23 岁巴勒斯坦男子，另有一人受伤。56 据该名男子的家人报告，他们没有提出控诉，因为以色列安全部队公开表示该男子袭击了定居者。在同一事件中受伤的男子提出了控诉，但到本报告所述期间结束时，尚未收到任何有关调查的信息。据报，2020 年 5 月应以色列议会一名议员的请求，以色列国家检察官表示，根据警方的调查结果，这一杀人是合法的。57 | 28. Concerning the killings, the OHCHR review revealed that one suspect was arrested and indicted in one case, while no perpetrator has been held accountable in the other two cases. Thus, one settler was indicted for the manslaughter of a Palestinian woman on 12 October 2018, near Nablus. 52 In May 2019, he was however released to house arrest, and on 2 May 2020, he was permitted to return to the settlement in the West Bank where he had been living, despite objections by the State prosecutor that he presented a danger to the public. 53 The trial has not advanced since the indictment.54 Concerning the killing of a man by settlers in Mughayyir, Ramallah Governorate, on 26 January 2019,55 witnesses were interviewed and the police collected evidence, including video footage, in February 2019. The family of the victim has since received no updates on the investigation and no arrests were reported. In another case, on 3 April 2019, two settlers shot and killed a 23-year-old Palestinian man south of Nablus, after he had thrown stones at Israeli vehicles, and injured another.56 The man’s family reported that they did not file a complaint because Israeli security forces had publicly stated that the man had attacked the settlers. The man who was injured in the same incident filed a complaint, but had not received any information on the investigation as at the end of the reporting period. In May 2020, in response to a request by a member of the Knesset, the Israeli State Attorney reportedly stated that the killing was lawful, according to the findings of the police. 57 |
29. 在人权高专办审查的其他八起造成伤害或财产损失的暴力案件中，没有肇事者被追究责任。其中四起案件的受害者要么没有提出控诉，要么撤回了控诉，他们有的收到了定居者的威胁，有的担心遭到定居者报复，他们以前就定居者暴力行为提出的许多控诉没有引致任何调查，他们对以色列的法律制度也缺乏信任和了解。在提出控诉的一起案件中，定居者(一名休班士兵)因涉嫌于 2019 年 5 月 17日放火焚烧巴勒斯坦人财产而被以色列安全部队停职，并于 2019 年 6 月 4 日被捕，这一过程被人用视频拍摄到。58 然而，根据现有信息，并没有关于起诉的报道。在提出控诉的另外四个案件中，到本报告所述期间结束时，没有向受害者通报任何调查步骤，尽管这些事件发生在长达两年之前(见第 27 段)。据巴勒斯坦红新月会报告，在向以色列警方控诉四名定居者59 于 2018 年 7 月至 11 月期间在希伯伦袭击他们的救护车之后，他们没有收到任何有关调查的信息。60 非政府组织“反定居点青年”就 2018 年 12 月 24 日造成巴勒斯坦人受伤的一起定居者暴力事件提出控诉，61 但没有收到任何信息。该组织还报告了 2020 年 4 月和 5 月发生的两起新的定居者暴力事件。 | 29. In the other eight cases which OHCHR reviewed where violence resulted in injuries or property damage, no perpetrators were held accountable. In four of the cases, the victims either submitted no complaints or withdrew them, reporting that they had received threats or feared reprisals from settlers, that numerous complaints that they had previously filed about settler violence had not led to an investigation, or that they lacked trust in, and knowledge of, the Israeli legal system. In one case where a complaint was submitted, the settler (an off-duty soldier) was suspended from the Israeli security forces and arrested on 4 June 2019 on suspicion of setting fire to Palestinian property on 17 May 2019, which had been captured on video footage. 58 However, no indictment was reported, according to available information. In the other four cases in which complaints were submitted, no steps to investigate had been reported to the victims as at the end of the reporting period, even though the incidents had taken place up to two years ago (see para. 27). The Palestine Red Crescent Society reported that it had not received any information about investigations following its complaints to the Israeli police about four 59 settler attacks against their ambulances in Hebron from July to November 2018.60 The NGO Youth Against Settlements, which filed a complaint about an incident of settler violence during which Palestinians were injured on 24 December 2018,61 had received no information. It reported two new incidents of settler violence, in April and May 2020. |
30. 对于本报告所述期间发生的定居者暴力事件，一些受害者报告称，出于上文所述的类似原因，他们没有向以色列警方控诉。例如，2019 年 11 月 22 日，四名成年定居者在希伯伦 H2 区的 wadi al Husayn 居民区街头拳打脚踢并用胡椒雾剂喷向一名 10 岁男孩。驻守附近检查站的一名士兵没有采取任何行动。该男孩因胡椒雾剂灼伤和瘀伤在医院接受治疗，并于当天出院。家人报告称，他们没有提出投诉是因为害怕遭到定居者报复，而且警方也没有调查他们之前就定居者暴力提出的许多控诉。 | 30. With regard to incidents of settler violence which occurred during the reporting period, some victims reported they had not filed complaints to the Israeli police for reasons similar to those mentioned above. For example, on 22 November 2019, four adult settlers kicked, slapped and pepper-sprayed a 10-year-old boy in the street in wadi al-Husayn neighbourhood in the H2 zone of Hebron. A soldier stationed at a nearby checkpoint took no action. The boy was treated in a hospital for burns from the pepper spray and bruises and was discharged the same day. The family reported they had not submitted a complaint for fear of reprisals from the settlers and because of failure by the police to investigate their numerous previous complaints about settler violence. |
31. 据以色列人权组织 Yesh Din 报告，在该组织监测的 2019 年橄榄收获期发生的 28 起定居者暴力事件62 中，75%的受害者没有提出控诉。在大多数情况下，给出的原因是对执法系统失去信任。63 据 Yesh Din 报告，在其监测的 2014 年至2019 年期间的 308 份调查文件中，2017 年至 2019 年的起诉率降至 4%，而 2014年至 2019 年的整体起诉率为 9%。64 | 31. The Israeli human rights organization Yesh Din reported that 75 per cent of victims did not file a complaint in 28 settler violence incidents 62 that it had monitored during the olive harvest in 2019. In most cases, the reason given was loss of trust in the law enforcement system.63 Yesh Din reported that, in the 308 investigation files that it had monitored between 2014 and 2019, the rate of indictment decreased to 4 per cent from 2017 to 2019, compared with an overall rate of 9 per cent from 2014 to 2019.64 |
32. 一个重大事态发展是，2020 年 5 月 18 日，一名定居者因 2015 年纵火袭击造成一个巴勒斯坦家庭(两名成人和一名幼儿)死亡而被控犯有谋杀、谋杀未遂及其他罪行。该案尚未宣判，包括 2019 年 10 月在认罪协议之后以“共谋实施出于种族主义动机的犯罪”而被定罪的另一名定居者。65 | 32. In a significant development, on 18 May 2020, a settler was convicted for murder, attempted murder and additional charges for the arson attack that killed a Palestinian family (two adults and a toddler) in 2015. No sentence has yet been handed down in the case, including in respect of another settler convicted in the case in October 2019 for “conspiracy to commit a crime motivated by a racist motive”, following a plea deal.65 |
33. 司法系统在追究定居者对暴力侵害巴勒斯坦人行为的责任方面存在缺陷，包括：对定居者和巴勒斯坦人适用不同的法律制度；66 持续、普遍缺乏彻底和公正的调查；67 2017 年至 2019 年期间报告的起诉率和定罪率非常低；程序经常延误；指控从轻等。由于对以色列法律体系的不信任和害怕遭到报复，巴勒斯坦人提出的控诉较少。虽然以色列当局近年来努力预防、调查和起诉特定的定居者暴力事件，但总体而言，这些缺陷维持了定居者暴力行为不受惩罚的氛围，导致袭击持续发生。 | 33. Deficiencies in the justice system to hold settlers accountable for violence against Palestinians include: the application of different legal systems to settlers and Palestinians;66 the persistent and prevailing lack of thorough and impartial investigations;67 the very low rate of indictments and convictions reported between 2017 and 2019; frequently delayed processes; and lenient charges. Fewer complaints are submitted by Palestinians owing to distrust in the Israeli legal system and fear of reprisals. While efforts have been made by the Israeli authorities in recent years to prevent, investigate and prosecute particular incidents of settler violence, overall, these deficiencies sustain a climate of impunity for settler violence, encouraging attacks to continue. |
强拆、强迫迁离和流离失所 | Demolitions, forced evictions and displacement |
34. 下文提到的强拆和强迫迁离导致大量侵犯人权事件，加剧了胁迫性环境，并引发了对强迫转让风险的关切。这些行为还令人继续关切对占领国具有约束力的国际人道法相关条款是否得到遵守，包括禁止毁坏专用于教育的财产和机构。68 | 34. Demolitions and forced evictions as referred to below entail numerous human rights violations, exacerbate the coercive environment and raise concerns about the risk of forcible transfer. They also continue to raise concern about complia nce with the relevant provisions of international humanitarian law that are binding on the occupying Power, including the prohibition of the destruction of property and institutions dedicated to education.68 |
35. 在本报告所述期间，以色列当局拆除了西岸包括东耶路撒冷的 606 座建筑，导致 778 人流离失所(194 名妇女、182 名男子、177 名女孩和 225 名男孩)。69 在上一次报告所述期间，有 511 座建筑被拆除，641 人流离失所。大多数拆除发生在 C 区(427 座建筑被拆除，导致 465 人流离失所)，最受影响的地区是东耶路撒冷(122 座)、希伯伦省(126 座)、约旦河谷(110 座)和伯利恒(110 座)。与 2019 年相比，2020 年斋月期间拆除的房屋增加了两倍多。70 | 35. During the reporting period, Israeli authorities demolished 606 structures in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, displacing 778 people (194 women, 182 men, 177 girls and 225 boys).69 In the previous reporting period, 511 structures were demolished, displacing 641 people. The majority of the demolitions took place in Area C (427 demolished structures, displacing 465 people), and the most affected areas were East Jerusalem (122), Hebron Governorate (126), Jordan Valley (110) and Bethlehem (110). Demolitions more than tripled during Ramadan in 2020 as compared with 2019.70 |
36. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间，强拆和没收仍在继续，月发生率仅略低于此前时期，71 使巴勒斯坦人得不到适当的住房、医疗设施和供水，从而严重增加了西岸的 COVID-19 感染风险。2020 年 3 月 26 日，在约旦河谷的 Ibziq 村，以色列民政局以缺少建筑许可为由拆除了一处住宅(造成两人流离失所)，并拆除和没收了八顶帐篷和设备(包括一个水箱、一台发电机和喷洒装置)。一些帐篷被指定作为医疗设施。 | 36. Demolitions and confiscations continued during the COVID-19 pandemic at only a slightly lower monthly rate than in the previous period, 71 leaving Palestinians without adequate housing, medical facilities and access to water, thereby seriously increasing the risk of COVID-19 infection in the West Bank. On 26 March 2020, in Ibziq village, Jordan Valley, the Israeli Civil Administration demolished one residential structure (displacing two persons), and dismantled and confiscated eight tents and equipment (including a water tank, a generator and spraying devices) on the grounds of lack of a building permit. Some tents were assigned as clinical facilities. |
37. 第 1797 号军事命令于 2019 年 7 月生效，授权以色列民政局在 96 小时内拆除 C 区未经许可72 建造的新建筑。73 该命令只适用于居住不到 30 天的住宅，74自生效以来已用于拆除 47 座建筑。75 该命令进一步限制了法律追索的机会，只有一次根据该命令提出的反对强拆的上诉获得成功。76 | 37. Military Order No. 1797 came into effect in July 2019, authorizing the Israeli Civil Administration to remove new structures built without a permit 72 in Area C within 96 hours.73 The order can be applied to residential structures only if they have been inhabited for less than 30 days.74 It has been used to demolish 47 structures since it came into effect.75 The order has further limited opportunities for legal recourse, 76 and only one appeal against demolition under the order has been successful. |
38. 在本报告所述期间，以色列当局拆除了三座与学校有关的建筑，77影响到181 名学生和教师。截至 2020 年 5 月 31 日，有 51 所学校(43 所在 C 区，8 所在东耶路撒冷)处于“停工”或拆除令之下。78 2020 年 1 月 16 日，在希伯伦的 Birin牧民社区，以色列安全部队拆除了将为 60 名学生提供服务的新校舍的地基。79拆除令以第 1797 号军事命令为依据，在拆除前 96 小时提交给学校代表。 | 38. Israeli authorities demolished three school-related structures77 during the reporting period, which affected 181 students and teachers, while 51 schools (43 in Area C and 8 in East Jerusalem) were under “stop work” or demolition orders as at 31 May 2020.78 On 16 January 2020, in Hebron, in the Birin herding community, Israeli security forces demolished the foundations for new school premises intended to serve 60 students.79 The demolition order was based on Military Order No. 1797 and delivered to the school representatives 96 hours before demolition. |
定居点对处于强迫转让风险中的巴勒斯坦社区的影响 | Impact of settlements on Palestinian communities at risk of forcible transfer |
39. 以色列政府公开表示打算迁离居住在 C 区的数千名巴勒斯坦人，这仍然是一个主要关切，而且助长了胁迫性环境。80 东耶路撒冷及其周边大约 18 个社区尤其面临被强迫迁离的风险，包括 Khan al-Ahmar/Abu al-Helu 的贝都因社区。81 以色列政府表示打算继续吞并被占领的西岸部分地区，也增加了这一风险。 | 39. The publicly stated intention of the Government of Israel to relocate thousands of Palestinians residing in Area C remains a key concern and contributes to a coercive environment.80 Some 18 communities in and around East Jerusalem are at particular risk of forced eviction, including the Bedouin community of Khan al-Ahmar/Abu al-Helu.81 The Israeli Government’s stated intention to move ahead with annexation of parts of the occupied West Bank increases that risk. |
四. 东耶路撒冷和伯利恒的定居点扩建、拆除和驱逐事件 | IV. Settlement expansion, demolitions and evictions in East Jerusalem and Bethlehem |
40. 在 2020 年 3 月以色列大选前的几周，以及在美国公布“和平走向繁荣”愿景后，以色列政府加速推进或宣布打算推进在东耶路撒冷及其周围建造数千个定居点住房单元。这些单元建成后，将进一步巩固东耶路撒冷环线定居点，从而将东耶路撒冷与西岸的其他地区隔开。这将进一步限制居住在东耶路撒冷的巴勒斯坦人的行动自由，对其他权利产生负面影响，增加附近巴勒斯坦社区的迫迁风险，严重阻碍巴勒斯坦人民行使自决权，并破坏建立毗连巴勒斯坦国的可能性。 | 40. In the weeks leading up to the March 2020 Israeli election, and following the publication of the United States “Peace to prosperity” vision, the Government of Israel advanced or announced its intention to advance thousands of settlement housing units in and around East Jerusalem. If construction is realized, these plans would further consolidate the ring of settlements around East Jerusalem, severing it from the rest of the West Bank. This would further restrict the freedom of movement of Palestinians living in East Jerusalem, negatively impact other rights, increase the risk of forcible transfer for nearby Palestinian communities and seriously impede the exercise by the Palestinian people of the right to self-determination and undermine the possibility of a contiguous Palestinian State. |
A. 环绕东耶路撒冷的定居点计划 | A. Settlements plans around East Jerusalem |
41. 2020 年 2 月 9 日，在耶路撒冷以北的 Qalandiya/Atarut 旧机场地区新建有9 000 个住房单元的大型定居点计划进入初步批准阶段。82 这一建设将截断东耶路撒冷和拉马拉地区的领土毗连。 | 41. On 9 February 2020, a plan to create a new large settlement of 9,000 units in the area of the former Qalandiya/Atarut airport, north of Jerusalem, was advanced and in the early stages of approval.82 The construction would disrupt the contiguity of territory between East Jerusalem and the Ramallah area. |
42. 2020 年 2 月 24 日宣布对东耶路撒冷南部 Giv‘at Hamatos 一个新定居点的1 077 个住房单元进行招标。83 标书原定 5 月 3 日公布，现已被推迟至一个到本报告所述期间结束时仍未知晓的日期。以色列总理还宣布打算推进扩建附近的 Har Homa 定居点，增加 2 200 个住房单元。84 这一建设将进一步巩固耶路撒冷南部周边的环线定居点，将该市的巴勒斯坦地区与伯利恒和西岸南部隔开。 | 42. On 24 February 2020, tenders were announced for 1,077 housing units in a new settlement in Giv‘at Hamatos, in the southern part of East Jerusalem.83 Publication of the tenders, initially scheduled for 3 May, has been delayed to an unknown date as at the end of the reporting period. The Prime Minister of Israel also announced his intention to advance the expansion of the nearby Har Homa settlement, with 2,200 housing units.84 Such construction would further consolidate the ring of settlements along the southern perimeter of Jerusalem, separating the Palestinian areas of the city from Bethlehem and the southern West Bank. |
43. 2020 年 2 月 25 日，以色列总理又宣布，政府将推进在东耶路撒冷和杰里科之间毗邻 Ma‘aleh Adumim 定居点、称为 E1 的 12 平方公里地区建造 3 400 多个住房单元的计划。85 2020 年 3 月初提交了两份 E1 定居点计划，供提出反对意见。86 E1 地区的建设事实上将把西岸一分为二。2020 年 3 月 9 日，以色列国防部长提出了在西岸南部和北部之间为巴勒斯坦人修建一条所谓“主权道路”的计划。这条路将绕过 Ma‘aleh Adumim 定居点及其周围地区，有效阻止巴勒斯坦人进入 E1。国防部长表示，这一修建将使 E1 定居点的建设成为可能。 | 43. On 25 February 2020, the Prime Minister of Israel further announced that the Government would advance plans for the construction of over 3,400 housing units in the 12 km2 area known as E1, adjacent to Ma‘aleh Adumim settlement, between East Jerusalem and Jericho.85 Two plans for E1 settlement were deposited for objections in early March 2020.86 Construction in the E1 area would effectively cut the West Bank into two parts. On 9 March 2020, the Minister of Defence of Israel advanced a plan for a so-called “sovereignty road”, between the southern and northern, West Bank for Palestinians. The road would bypass the Ma‘ale Adumim settlement and areas around it, effectively preventing Palestinians from entering E1. The Minister stated that its construction would enable settlement construction in E1. |
44. 2020 年 5 月 6 日，以色列国防部长宣布打算推进在伯利恒以南称为 E2 的地区建造大约 7 000 个住房单元，作为 Efrat 定居点的组成部分。87 以色列 2004 年宣布该地区为国家土地，并于 2018 年 12 月将其分配用于定居点开发。88 这些住房建成后可能会分割西岸，使其南部四分五裂。89 | 44. On 6 May 2020, the Minister of Defence of Israel announced his intention to advance some 7,000 housing units south of Bethlehem, in the area known as E2, as part of the Efrat settlement.87 Israel declared the area State land in 2004 and allocated it for settlement development in December 2018.88 If constructed, it threatens to carve up the West Bank89 and fragment its southern part. |
B. 拆除和驱逐为扩建定居点铺平道路 | B. Demolitions and evictions paving the way for settlement expansion |
45. 在东耶路撒冷，拆除和没收事件有所减少，但仍保持 2016 年以来的高水平，有 122 座建筑被拆除，导致 249 人流离失所。90 其中 52 座是自行拆除，91 自2018 年以来有所增加，原因可能是以色列市政当局提高了罚款和收费标准，92 以及《规划和建筑法》修正案使快速拆除成为可能。93 | 45. In East Jerusalem, demolitions and seizure decreased, but continued at the high levels seen since 2016, with 122 demolitions that displaced 249 people. 90 These included 52 self-demolitions,91 which have increased since 2018, likely owing to more severe fines and charges imposed by Israeli municipal authorities92 and the amendment to the Planning and Building Law enabling expedited demolitions.93 |
46. 在伯利恒省，94 拆除和没收事件达到自人道主义事务协调厅 2009 年开始系统记录强拆事件以来的最高值，在本报告所述期间有 110 座建筑被拆除，130 人流离失所，相比之下，2010-2018 年平均每年拆除 26 座建筑。95 | 46. In Bethlehem Governorate,94 demolitions and seizure reached the highest levels since the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs began systematically recording demolitions in 2009, with 110 structures demolished and 130 people displaced in the reporting period, compared with the yearly average of 26 demolitions for 2010–2018.95 |
47. 最近的拆除事件发生在伯利恒和东耶路撒冷附近已宣布或推进扩建东耶路撒冷环线定居点的地区。96 | 47. The recent demolitions took place near areas of Bethlehem and East Jerusalem where the expansion of the settlements ring around East Jerusalem had been announced or advanced.96 |
东耶路撒冷的自行拆除事件 | Self-demolition in East Jerusalem |
48. 东耶路撒冷有多名巴勒斯坦人被迫将建筑自行拆除，因为以色列歧视性的区划和规划制度以及强收高额罚款和费用，已使他们几乎不可能获得建筑许可。972017 年颁布的《规划和建筑法》修正案从 2019 年 10 月起适用于所有建筑，将冻结拆迁令的可能性限制在一年内，而且只有在特殊情况下才能冻结拆迁，这使得以追溯方式将建筑合法化变得更加困难。修正案进一步限制了针对拆迁的法律追索，强化了歧视性区划和规划制度。98 | 48. Multiple Palestinians in East Jerusalem were forced to carry out self-demolitions, as it is almost impossible for them to obtain building permits, owing to the discriminatory Israeli zoning and planning regime 97 and the imposition of large fines and charges. The amendment to the Planning and Building Law enacted in 2017, which applied to all structures as of October 2019, limits the possibility to freeze demolition orders to one year, and only in exceptional circumstances, making the retroactive legalization of construction more difficult. The amendment furth er limits legal recourses against demolitions, reinforcing the discriminatory zoning and planning regime.98 |
49. 2019 年 6 月 9 日，为避免支付高额罚款和费用，一名妇女拆除了她在东耶路撒冷 Sur Bahir 的房屋。99 拆除令签发于 2012 年，一直处于冻结状态，直到 2019年 4 月获得法院确认，以该妇女没有建筑许可为由，责令她在 45 日内拆除房屋。房屋拆除导致该妇女和她的六个孩子(其中五人未成年)流离失所，加剧了他们的经济困境，因为全家都靠单亲津贴生存。房屋拆除还使他们更有可能受到社会中普遍存在的针对妇女和母系单亲家庭的歧视。 | 49. On 9 June 2019, a woman demolished her house in Sur Bahir, East Jerusalem, 99 to avoid paying hefty fines and charges. A demolition order had been issued in 2012 and frozen until April 2019, when it was confirmed in court, giving the woman 45 days to demolish her house on the grounds of lack of a building permit. The demolition led to the displacement of the woman and her six children (including five minors), exacerbating their economic difficulties as the family depends on widow allowances. The demolition also placed them at higher risk of prevalent discriminatory social practices against women and female-headed households. |
50. 2020 年 2 月 1 日，Jabal al-Mukabbir 居民区的一个家庭(四名成人和三名儿童)被迫要拆除在他们私人土地上建造的房屋。该家庭对七年前签发的拆除令提出上诉，耶路撒冷市法院随后于 2019 年 2 月确认拆除令，开出了 3.5 万新谢克尔(约合 1 万美元)的罚款，并责令这家人在 2019 年 12 月 27 日之前拿到建筑许可，但他们没有拿到。这家人表示，他们获悉市政府将收取 10 万新谢克尔(约合 2.9万美元)的拆除费，主要作为以色列安全部队提供保护的费用。这座房屋位于一条地下隧道规划路线的正上方，而隧道是连接东耶路撒冷及其外围几个定居点的东环路的一部分。 | 50. On 1 February 2020, a family (four adults and three children) in Jabal al-Mukabbir neighbourhood was forced to demolish their house, built on their private land. Following the family’s appeal of a demolition order issued seven years earlier, the Jerusalem Municipal Court confirmed the demolition in February 2019, issuing a fine of 35,000 new shekels (approximately $10,000) and ordering the family to obtain a building permit before 27 December 2019, which they were denied. The family reported being informed that the Municipality would charge 100,000 new shekels (approximately $29,000) for the demolition, mainly to pay for protection by Israeli security forces. The house lay directly above the planned route of an underground tunnel, which is part of the eastern ring road that would connect several settlements in East Jerusalem and its periphery. |
基于《缺席业主房产法》和 1948 年以前所有权的驱逐 | Evictions under the Absentee Property Law and on the basis of ownership prior to 1948 |
51. 主要有两项法律被用作将巴勒斯坦人驱逐出他们在东耶路撒冷的房产并由定居者组织接手的依据，即《缺席业主房产法》和 1970 年的《法律和行政事项法》。100 《缺席业主房产法》101 颁布于 1950 年，允许在“以色列国法律适用的地区”没收巴勒斯坦人的房产，条件是房产所有者在 1947 年 11 月 27 日之后逃离或不在该地区。102自以色列吞并东耶路撒冷以来，以色列当局根据定居者组织提出的权利主张，将居住在城外的巴勒斯坦人在东耶路撒冷的房产认定为“缺席业主房产”，并在某些情况下将这些房产转让或出售给定居者组织。103尽管国际法认定吞并为非法，以色列最高法院却在 2015 年 4 月 15 日的一项裁决中认可这种没收行为，同时规定在东耶路撒冷应极少援引该法律，而且每一次都必须得到总检察长的明确许可。104 《法律和行政事项法》允许就归还犹太人 1948 年之前在东耶路撒冷拥有的房产提出主张，但不允许就归还巴勒斯坦人 1948 年之前在西耶路撒冷拥有的房产提出主张。据估计，自 1980 年代以来，东耶路撒冷的定居者根据这两项法律以及通过考古或旅游项目和涉及巴勒斯坦房产的交易，包括欺诈性购买，已经接手了数百处房产。105 | 51. Two of the main laws that have been used as grounds for evicting Palestinians from their properties in East Jerusalem in favour of settler organizations are the Absentee Property Law and the Legal and Administrative Matters Law of 1970. 100 The Absentee Property Law,101 enacted in 1950, allows the confiscation of property from Palestinians in areas where “the law of the State of Israel applies”, if the own er of the property fled or otherwise was outside that area after 27 November 1947. 102 Since Israel annexed East Jerusalem, property in East Jerusalem owned by Palestinians residing outside the city has been determined by Israeli authorities to be “absentee property” on the basis of claims initiated by settler organizations, and in some cases transferred or sold to settler organizations.103 Notwithstanding the illegality of annexation under international law, the Supreme Court of Israel accepted such confiscations in a decision on 15 April 2015, while stipulating that the law should be invoked extremely rarely in East Jerusalem, and only with the express permission of the Attorney General in each case. 104 The Legal and Administrative Matters Law permits claims for restitution of property in East Jerusalem owned by Jewish persons before 1948, but not for Palestinian claims of ownership in West Jerusalem before 1948. It is estimated that hundreds of properties have been taken over by settlers in East Jerusalem since the 1980s under the two laws, as well as through archaeological or tourism projects and transactions involving Palestinian property, including fraudulent purchases.105 |
52. 2019 年 7 月 10 日，以色列当局在东耶路撒冷 Silwan 的 Wadi Hulwah 驱逐了一户巴勒斯坦家庭(一名妇女和四个孩子)。在驱逐前两天，高等法院驳回了这家人的上诉许可申请。自 1990 年代初以来，定居者组织 Elad 通过四次诉讼试图接手这一房产，其中三次被耶路撒冷地区法院以部分基于伪造文件为由驳回。106 2009 年，该地区法院裁定，根据《缺席业主房产法》，拥有四分之一产权的两个人不住在东耶路撒冷，因此应被视为“缺席业主”。遭驱逐的妇女是其中一名被认为“缺席业主”的女儿。缺席业主房产保管人随后将所谓的缺席业主房产卖给了 Elad。据报，在进行法律程序时，Elad 又从居住在国外的业主手里购买了另外 50%的产权。这些业主如果没有出售房产的话，很可能会被视为“不在业主”，这意味着他们不会获得任何赔偿。 | 52. On 10 July 2019, the Israeli authorities evicted a Palestinian family(one woman and four children) in Wadi Hulwah in Silwan, East Jerusalem. Two days before the eviction, the High Court of Justice rejected the family’s request for leave to appeal. Since the early 1990s, the settler organization Elad had attempted to take over the property through four law suits, three of which were dismissed by the Jerusalem District Court as being partially based on forged documents.106 In 2009, the District Court determined that two persons owning one fourth of the property should be considered “absentees” under the Absentee Property Law because they resided outside East Jerusalem. The evicted woman is the daughter of one of the persons considered an “absentee”. The Custodian of Absentees’ Property then sold the so-called absentee property to Elad. During the legal procedures, Elad reportedly bought another 50 per cent of the property from owners living abroad, who likely would have been considered “absentees” if they had not sold the property, meaning that they would have received no compensation. |
53. 居住在 Silwan 东耶路撒冷旧城附近的近 100 个家庭大约 700 名巴勒斯坦人也经历了类似的法律程序。2002 年 9 月 30 日，缺席业主房产保管人将这些家庭居住的土地移交给同年由定居者组织 Ateret Cohanim 接手管理的 Benvenisti 信托基金，理由是认定该信托基金在 1948 年之前拥有这些房产。107 2018 年 11 月 21日，以色列最高法院驳回了这些家庭反对将土地移交给定居者组织的申请。2020年 1 月和 2 月，耶路撒冷治安法院发布三项裁决，下令驱逐其中九户家庭(超过45 人)。当事家庭已对这些裁决提出上诉，另有 22 起驱逐案件正在审理中。 | 53. Nearly 100 families comprising around 700 Palestinians residing near the Old City of East Jerusalem, in Silwan, have been undergoing similar legal processes. On 30 September 2002, the Custodian of Absentee Property released the land where the families live to the Benvenisti Trust, the administration of which was taken over the same year by the settler organization Ateret Cohanim, on the basis of the assertion that it owned the properties before 1948.107 On 21 November 2018, the Supreme Court of Israel denied a petition by the families against the release of the land to the settler organization. In January and February 2020, the Jerusalem Magistrate Court issued three decisions ordering the eviction of nine of the households (more than 45 persons). The decisions have been appealed, while another 22 eviction cases are pending. |
54. 根据国际人道法，被占领土上的私有财产必须得到尊重，占领国不能没收这些财产。108 《缺席业主房产法》和《法律和行政事项法》在东耶路撒冷的适用似乎不符合这一义务。国际人道法还要求占领国除非万不得已，都应尊重当地现行的法律。109 此外，在实践中，以色列采取的措施为占领国将其人口转移到巴勒斯坦被占领土部分地区提供了便利。占领国将部分平民人口转移到其占领的领土是国际人道法所禁止的行为，而且可能构成战争罪。110 此外，依据上述两项法律进行没收的唯一依据是业主的国籍或籍贯，这种做法具有内在的歧视性。55. 东耶路撒冷约有 200 个巴勒斯坦家庭 877 人，其中包括 391 名儿童，主要由 | 54. Under international humanitarian law, private property in occupied territory must be respected and cannot be confiscated by the occupying Power. 108 The application of the Absentee Property Law and the Legal and Administrative Matters Law in East Jerusalem is seemingly inconsistent with this obligation. International humanitarian law also requires the occupying Power to respect, unless absolutely prevented, the laws in force in the country. 109 Furthermore in practice, the measures taken by Israel facilitate the transfer by the occupying Power of its population into parts of the Occupied Palestinian Territory. The transfer of parts of an occupying Power’s civilian population into the territory that it occupies is prohibited under international humanitarian law and may amount to a war crime. 110 In addition, confiscations under the Laws are carried out solely on the basis of the nationality or origin of the owner, rendering them inherently discriminatory. |
行没收的唯一依据是业主的国籍或籍贯，这种做法具有内在的歧视性。55. 东耶路撒冷约有 200 个巴勒斯坦家庭 877 人，其中包括 391 名儿童，主要由于以色列定居者组织在以色列法院提起的诉讼而面临类似的强行驱逐风险。111强行驱逐经常侵犯适当住房权、隐私权和其他人权，是可能导致强迫转让的胁迫性环境中的一个关键因素，而强迫转让为《日内瓦第四公约》所禁止，也是对《公约》的严重违反。112 | 55. Approximately 200 Palestinian households in East Jerusalem, comprising 877 persons, including 391 children, face similar risks of forced eviction due to cases filed in Israeli courts, primarily by Israeli settler organizations.111 Forced evictions frequently violate the rights to adequate housing and to privacy and other human rights. They are a key factor in a coercive environment that may lead to forcible transfer, which is prohibited by the Fourth Geneva Convention and a grave breach of the Convention.112 |
拆除后立即建立前哨站 | Demolition immediately followed by establishment of an outpost |
56. 在靠近 Har Gillo 定居点的伯利恒 Makhrur 地区，一个有五名成人和两名儿童的大家庭两次遭遇拆除。2019 年 8 月 26 日，以色列民政局根据 2005 年和 2010年的拆除令，以没有建筑许可为由，强拆了这家人在 C 区私人土地上的餐厅和住所。次日，定居者在距离被拆地点几百米处，未经许可开始建立农业前哨站。到本报告所述期间结束时，这个前哨站仍在那里。房屋被拆后，该家庭的五名成员住到了在他们房产所在地由人道主义组织提供的帐篷里。2020 年 3 月 4 日，以色列民政局没收了帐篷，并将拆除地点夷为平地。当时正值 COVID-19 开始暴发，这家人没有住所和供水，面临进一步感染疾病的风险。 | 56. An extended family of five adults and two children was subjected to two demolitions in the Makhrur area of Bethlehem near Har Gillo settlement. On 26 August 2019, the Israeli Civil Administration demolished the family’s restaurant and residence in their private property in Area C, owing to the lack of a building permit, under orders from 2005 and 2010. The following day, settlers started establishing an agricultural outpost without a permit a few hundred metres from the demolished structures. The outpost remained there as at the end of the reporting period. Following the demolition, five members of the family lived in a tent supplied by humanitarian organizations, on the site of their property. On 4 March 2020, the Israeli Civil Administration confiscated the tent and razed the grounds where the demolition had taken place. This occurred at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, putting the family at further risk of contracting the disease, without shelter and access to water. |
五. 被占叙利亚戈兰的定居点 | V. Settlements in the occupied Syrian Golan |
57. 在美国总统 2019 年 4 月宣布承认以色列对被占领的叙利亚戈兰拥有主权之后，进一步扩建以色列定居点的计划继续推进。这包括政府在 2019 年 6 月决定建立一个名为“特朗普高地”的定居点。113多个国家谴责美国的这一宣告以及承认非法吞并的后果。秘书长再次重申安全理事会第497(1981)号决议的有效性，其中安理会决定，以色列将其法律、管辖权和行政权强加于被占叙利亚戈兰的决定是完全无效的，没有任何国际法律效力。 | 57. After the President of the United States announced, in April 2019, that he recognized Israeli sovereignty over the occupied Syrian Golan, plans to further expand Israeli settlements have continued. This included the Government decision, in June 2019, to establish a settlement called “Trump Heights”. 113 Several States condemned the United States announcement and the consequences of recognizing illegal annexation. The Secretary-General reaffirmed the validity of Security Council resolution 497 (1981), in which the Council decided that the Israeli decision to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration in the occupied Syrian Golan was null and void and without international legal effect. |
58. 被占叙利亚戈兰的一个人权组织114继续对一家以色列能源公司实施的涉及建造风力涡轮机的可再生能源项目对叙利亚 Majdal Shams 和 Masadah 等村庄的影响表示严重关切。该组织表示，这个项目涉及在叙利亚农民拥有的土地上建造31 台风力涡轮机，这将严重影响他们的人权，限制他们进入耕地和扩大本已有限的建成区的能力，并危及野生动植物。2020 年 1 月，以色列国家基础设施委员会批准建造 25 台风力涡轮机。该地区叙利亚居民所面临的严重住房危机将因为这个项目而进一步加剧。此外，他们居住的地区只占整个被占叙利亚戈兰总面积的5%，其余 95%的领土都已被以色列军方和超过 34 个以色列非法定居点使用。 | 58. A human rights organization from the occupied Syrian Golan114 continued to raise serious concerns about the impact on Syrian villages, in particular, Majdal Shams and Masadah, of a renewable energy project implemented by an Israeli energy company, involving the construction of wind turbines. It stated that the project would involve building 31 wind turbines on land owned by Syrian farmers and would severely affect their human rights, restrict access to their farming lands and their ability to expand their already limited built-up areas and endanger wildlife. In January 2020, the Israeli National Infrastructure Committee approved the construction of 25 wind turbines. Syrian inhabitants in the area are facing a severe housing crisis, which the project would further exacerbate. Moreover, the areas where they live constitute only 5 per cent of the overall area of the occupied Syrian Golan, while 95 per cent of the territory is unavailable as it is being used by the Israeli military and over 34 illegal Israeli settlements. |
六. 结论和建议 | VI. Conclusions and recommendations |
59. 以色列在巴勒斯坦被占领土和被占领的叙利亚戈兰建立和扩大定居点，相当于以色列将本国平民人口转移到其占领的领土之上，这是国际人道法所禁止的，115 这一点已得到包括国际法院、大会、安全理事会和人权理事会在内的联合国各主管机构的一致确认。 | 59. The establishment and expansion of Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and the occupied Syrian Golan amount to the transfer by Israel of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies, which is prohibited under international humanitarian law,115 as consistently confirmed by the competent United Nations organs, including the International Court of Justice, the General Assembly, the Security Council and the Human Rights Council. |
60. 以色列政府所宣称的吞并被占领的西岸部分地区的意图如果付诸实现，就将构成对国际法、包括对《联合国宪章》的最严重违反，而且不会有任何法律效力。这种做法将成为实现两国解决方案的重大阻碍，给我们促进区域和平乃至维护国际和平与安全的努力带来威胁。 | 60. The stated intention of the Government of Israel to annex parts of the occupied West Bank, if implemented, would constitute a most serious violation of internation al law, including the Charter of the United Nations, and would have no legal validity. It would be a major obstacle to the achievement of the two-State solution and threaten efforts to advance regional peace and our broader efforts to maintain internationa l peace and security. |
61. 在本报告所述期间，新建和现有定居点加速推进，宣布的招标数也在增加，而定居点住房开工率有所下降。东耶路撒冷和包括 E1 在内的周边地区定居点计划特别令人关切，因为这些计划将使东耶路撒冷与西岸其他地区隔断，并有可能割裂西岸的毗连性。 | 61. During the reporting period, advancements of new and existing settlements increased, as did the number of tenders announced, while the rate of settlement housing construction starts decreased. The plans for settlements in East Jerusalem and surrounding areas, including in E1, are of particular concern as they would isolate East Jerusalem from the rest of the West Bank and threaten to fragment the contiguity of the West Bank. |
62. 定居点对巴勒斯坦人的权利，包括生命权、行动自由权、隐私权、家庭生活权、适当生活水准权、工作和教育权以及行使自决权带来了重大不利影响。 | 62. Settlements have significant adverse effects on Palestinians’ rights, including their rights to life, freedom of movement, privacy, family life, an adequate standard of living, work and education and on the exercise of their right to self-determination. |
63. 在本报告所述期间，定居者暴力事件仍然居高不下，延续了自 2016 年以来的总体上升趋势。以色列在很大程度上未能履行其作为占领国的义务，即尽可能确保公共秩序，保障生命，保护巴勒斯坦人民免受一切暴力行为或威胁。在相同地点发生了大量事件，116表明许多暴力事件来自特定的定居者群体。虽然以色列当局近年来努力防止、调查和起诉特定的定居者暴力事件，但总体而言，有罪不罚的氛围继续普遍存在，原因是司法系统在追究定居者对巴勒斯坦人的暴力行为和对其财产的损害方面持续表现不力。 | 63. Settler violence remained high in the reporting period, continuing an overall upward trend since 2016. Israel largely failed to uphold its obligation as the occupying Power to ensure, as far as possible, public order and life and protect the Palestinian population against all acts or threats of violence. A large number of incidents occurred in the same locations,116 suggesting that much of the violence emanates from specific groups of settlers. While efforts have been made by the Israeli authorities in recent years to prevent, investigate and prosecute particular incidents of settler violence, overall, a climate of impunity continued to prevail owing to persisting deficiencies in the justice system to hold settlers accountable for violence against Palestinians and damage to their property. |
64. 在巴勒斯坦被占领土普遍的氛围中，拆除导致的强迫迁离是助长胁迫性环境的一个关键因素。强迫迁离对一系列广泛人权产生负面影响，并增加强迫转让的风险。117 在东耶路撒冷适用《缺席业主房产法》和《法律和行政事项法》，据此进行房产转让，也为以色列将其人口转移到被占领土提供了便利，这是对国际人道法的违反。 | 64. Forced evictions resulting from demolitions in the circumstances prevailing in the Occupied Palestinian Territory are a key factor in the creation of a coercive environment. They have a negative impact on a wide range of human rights and increase the risk of forcible transfer.117 The transfer of property pursuant to the application of the Absentee Property Law and the Legal and Administrative Matters Law in East Jerusalem also facilitates the transfer of its population into the occupied territory, in violation of international humanitarian law. |
65. 秘书长回顾安全理事会第 497(1981)号决议，欺诈安理会决定，以色列将其法律、管辖权和行政权强加于被占叙利亚戈兰高地的决定是完全无效的，没有任何国际法律效力。 | 65. The Secretary-General recalls Security Council resolution 497 (1981), in which the Council decided that the decision of Israel to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration in the occupied Syrian Golan Heights was null and void and without international legal effect. |
66. 在本报告基础上，秘书长建议以色列： | 66. On the basis of the present report, the Secretary-General recommends that Israel: |
(a) 按照包括安全理事会第 2334(2016)号决议在内的联合国相关决议，立即完全停止在包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土上的所有定居点活动，并按照不允许以武力夺取领土的原则，停止任何计划中的吞并巴勒斯坦被占领土任何部分的步骤； | (a) Immediately and completely cease all settlement activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, in compliance with relevant United Nations resolutions, including Security Council resolution 2334 (2016), and halt any planned steps towards annexation of any part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, in compliance with the principle of inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force. |
(b) 审查规划法律和政策以及《缺席业主房产法》和《法律和行政事项法》的适用情况，确保它们符合以色列根据国际人道法和国际人权法承担的义务； | (b) Review the application of planning laws and policies, as well as the Absentee Property Law and the Legal and Administrative Matters Law, to ensure that they are in accordance with the obligations of Israel under international humanitarian law and international human rights law; |
(c) 立即停止拆除房屋和强迫迁离，停止任何可能进一步助长胁迫性环境和/或导致强迫转让风险的活动； | (c) Immediately halt demolitions and forced evictions and cease any activity that would further contribute to a coercive environment and/or lead to a risk of forcible transfer; |
(d) 采取一切措施确保在包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土上保护巴勒斯坦人及其财产不受定居者暴力侵害，包括向以色列安全部队发出和执行保护巴勒斯坦人民的明确命令； | (d) Take all measures to ensure the protection of Palestinians and their property from settler violence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, including through the issuance and enforcement of clear orders to the Israeli Security Forces to protect the Palestinian population; |
(e) 确保系统地调查定居者和以色列安全部队暴力侵害巴勒斯坦人和损坏巴勒斯坦财产的所有事件，如果定罪，则给予适当惩处，并按照国际标准向受害者提供有效补救，包括适当赔偿； | (e) Ensure that all incidents of settler and Israeli Security Forces’ violence against Palestinians and damage to their property be systematically investigated, that perpetrators be prosecuted and, if convicted, punished with appropriate sanctions, and that victims be provided with effective remedies, including adequate compensation, in accordance with international standards; |
(f) 按照联合国相关决议，立即制止并扭转被占领的叙利亚戈兰境内所有定居点开发和相关活动，终止歧视性的土地、住房和发展政策； | (f) Immediately cease and reverse all settlement development and related activities in the occupied Syrian Golan, and end discriminatory land, housing and development policies, in compliance with relevant United Nations resolutions; |
大 会 Distr.: Limited | General Assembly Distr.: Limited |
20 October 2005ChineseOriginal: English) 241005 241005 | 20 October 2005 |
Original: English) 241005 241005 | Original: English05-56223 (E) 241005 |
*0556222* | *0556223* |
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