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5. 国际法的逐渐发展 | 5. Progressive development of international law |
26. 2015 年 9 月，任意拘留问题工作组应人权理事会要求，向理事会提交了借助人权高专办支持拟定的“联合国与任何被剥夺自由者向法院提起诉讼的权利有关的补救措施和程序的基本原则和准则”。人权高专办协助消除对妇女歧视委员会和儿童权利委员会拟定了关于有害习俗的第 31 号联合一般性建议/第 18 号一般性评论，这是两个条约机构首次联合通过此类文本。人权高专办支持消除对妇女歧视委员会拟定了关于妇女难民地位、庇护、国籍和无国籍所涉性别因素的第 32 号一般性建议 (2014 年)。人权高专办还支持人权与国际团结问题独立专家撰写了宣言草案。 | 26. In September 2015, the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention submitted to the Human Rights Council, at its request, the basic principles and guidelines on remedies and procedures on the right of anyone deprived of his or her liberty to bring proceedings before court, elaborated with OHCHR support. OHCHR assisted the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Committee on the Rights of the Child in elaborating joint general recommendation No. 31/general comment No. 18 on harmful practices, the first text of its kind to be jointly adopted by two treaty bodies. OHCHR supported the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in the elaboration of general recommendation No. 32 (2014) on the gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women. OHCHR also supported the Independent Expert on human rights and international solidarity in preparing a draft declaration. |
27. 人权高专办支持政府间工作组审议国际监管框架的拟定工作，框架内容包括监管、监控和监督私营军事与安保公司的活动；农民和农村地区其他劳动者权利；老年人的人权；跨国公司和其他工商企业与人权的关系。 | 27. OHCHR supported intergovernmental working groups tasked with considering the elaboration of international regulatory frameworks, including on the regulation, monitoring and oversight of the activities of private military and security companies; the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas; the human rights of older persons; and transnational corporations and other business enterprises with respect to human rights. |
6. 人道主义基金 | 6. Humanitarian funds |
28. 2015 年，联合国酷刑受害者问题自愿基金共提供 710 万美元赠款，用于支持80 多个国家 57,000 多名受害者的补救和康复。该基金借助紧急赠款，在布隆迪、约旦、伊拉克和乌克兰为援助逃离阿拉伯叙利亚共和国冲突的受害者及匈牙利和塞尔维亚难民的项目提供了立即支持。还就紧急状态下受害者的康复及长期需求问题同专家执业者举行了研讨会。 | 28. In 2015, the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture awarded grants totalling $7.1 million to support redress and rehabilitation for over 57,000 victims in more than 80 countries. It released immediate support through emergency grants for projects providing assistance in Burundi, Jordan, Iraq and Ukraine, to victims fleeing the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic and to refugees in Hungary and Serbia. It held a workshop with expert practitioners on the rehabilitation of victims in emergency contexts and their long-term needs. |
29. 2015 年，联合国当代形式奴隶制问题自愿信托基金在资金有限的情况下仍通过 35 个国家的 44 个项目支持了 30,000 名受害者。《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约任择议定书》所设特别基金尽管资金有限，仍资助了五个国家强化防止酷刑的体制能力的项目。 | 29. In 2015, the United Nations Voluntary Trust Fund on Contemporary Forms of Slavery supported 30,000 victims through 44 projects in 35 countries, despite financial constraints. Despite its dire financial situation, the Special Fund established by the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment funded projects in five countries to strengthen institutional capacity regarding torture prevention. |
B. 加强平等，反对歧视 | B. Enhancing equality and countering discrimination |
1. 歧视移徙者 | 1. Discrimination of migrants |
30. 全球、区域和国家层面长期以来缺乏从人权出发的规范移徙管理，其后果目前正影响着过境国和目的国的移徙者，包括难民。因此，人权高专办力求将人权观纳入全球关于移徙的讨论，包括倡导和共同主持全球移徙问题小组之移徙者和人权与性别问题工作组，并支持全球移民与发展论坛。高级专员同联合国难民事务高级专员、国际移民组织总干事及国际移徙与发展问题秘书长特别代表开展了联络，以讨论如何应对移徙危机。高级专员在 10 月发表的声明中促请欧洲联盟及其成员国，不应再将执法视为解决当代移徙挑战的万能药。 | 30. Migrants, including refugees, in countries of transit and destination now pay the price for the long-standing lack of principled migration governance that builds on human rights at the global, regional and national levels. OHCHR thus sought to integrate a human rights perspective in the global debate on migration, including through advocacy and by co-chairing the Working Group on Migration, Human Rights and Gender of the Global Migration Group and supporting the Global Forum on Migration and Development. The High Commissioner engaged with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the Director-General of the International Organization for Migration and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on International Migration and Development to discuss the way forward regarding the migration crisis. In a statement issued in October, the High Commissioner urged the European Union and its member States to stop viewing law enforcement as a panacea for contemporary migration challenges. |
31. 人权高专办为负责地中海区域打击偷运的欧洲海军部队人员提供培训。人权高专办同其他伙伴为突尼斯官员开展了关于移徙者的人权的培训。2015 年 3 月，人权高专办推出了两份出版物，一份内容为移徙者的经济、社会和文化权利，另一份题为“门后：保护和增进身份不正常的移徙家政工人的人权”，并就后者组织了一次研讨会。2015 年 9 月，人权高专办推出了一部表现无证件妇女移徙者家政工人处境的纪录短片。 | 31. OHCHR provided training to personnel of the European naval force charged with countering smuggling in the Mediterranean. In partnership with others, OHCHR trained Tunisian officials on the human rights of migrants. In March 2015, OHCHR launched two publications, one on the economic, social and cultural rights of migrants and the other entitled Behind Closed Doors: Protecting and Promoting the Human Rights of MigrantDomestic Workers in an Irregular Situation, and organized a seminar on the subject of the latter publication. In September 2015, OHCHR launched a short documentary film highlighting the situation of undocumented women migrant domestic workers. |
2. 种族主义，种族歧视，仇外心理和相关不容忍 | 2. Racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance |
32. 2015 年是《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》五十周年纪念，但遗憾的是，种族歧视和仇外心理仍在世界各地普遍存在。仇恨言论和仇恨犯罪常常以种族、宗教和族裔少数群体为目标。高级专员在报告期内曾谴责面对欧洲联盟一些国家移徙“危机”时产生的日益严重的仇外和反对穆斯林的意见，并提请注意美国持续存在的歧视非洲裔美国人执法、刑事司法等领域的种族偏见的问题。高级专员 2015 年12 月在巴西启动了非洲人后裔国际十年(2015-2024 年)首次区域会议，借会议之机重点讨论承认、正义和发展的主题。人权高专办以参与式过程制定了种族貌相监督记录指南。人权高专办还组织了首次俄罗斯和乌克兰记者研讨会，主题为防止和打击新闻媒体中煽动仇恨和歧视的行为。人权高专办在白俄罗斯、约旦、俄罗斯联邦 | 32. While 2015 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, racial discrimination and xenophobia sadly remain prevalent around the world. All too often hate speech and hate crimes are directed at racial, religious and ethnic minorities. During the reporting period, the High Commissioner condemned increasingly xenophobic and anti-Muslim views in response to the migration “crisis” in some countries of the European Union and drew attention to persistent discrimination against African-Americans and racial biases in law enforcement, criminal justice and other areas in the United States. In December 2015, in Brazil, he opened the first regional meeting of the International Decade for People of African Descent (2015-2024), which constitutes an opportunity to focus on the themes of recognition, justice and development. OHCHR developed, through a participatory process, guidelines to monitor and document racial profiling. OHCHR also organized a first workshop with Russian and Ukrainian journalists on the issue of preventing and combating incitement to hatred and discrimination in the media. |
33. 人权高专办寻求借助体育解决种族主义和歧视的相关问题。人权高专办同俄罗斯联邦，国际足球协会联合会及民间社会组织协作举办了两次活动，准备应对 2018年世界杯及之后的赛事带来的挑战。 | 33. OHCHR sought to address issues relating to racism and discrimination through sport. In collaboration with the Russian Federation, the International Federation of Football Associations and civil society organizations, OHCHR held two events to address challenges in anticipation of the 2018 World Cup and beyond. |
3. 基于土著或少数族裔身份的歧视 | 3. Discrimination on the basis of indigenous or minority status |
34. 人权高专办就 2014 年世界土著人民大会成果文件的开展后续工作，继续促进并协助将土著人民纳入国内和国际决策。例如，人权高专办支持哥伦比亚和巴拉圭制定了全系统后续行动计划。人权高专办通过培训和支持制定特殊规章协助加大土著人民的参与。 | 34. In follow-up to the outcome document of the 2014 Word Conference on Indigenous Peoples, OHCHR continued to promote and facilitate the inclusion of indigenous peoples in decision-making at the national and international levels. For example, it supported the preparation of a system-wide follow-up action plan. In Colombia and Paraguay, OHCHR contributed to increasing indigenous peoples’ participation through training and by supporting the development of special protocols. |
35. 2015 年，在种族歧视保护少数群体问题的联合国网络框架内，人权高专办在菲律宾和斐济为联合国国家工作队举办了培训。 | 35. In the framework of the United Nations network on racial discrimination and protection of minorities, OHCHR trained the United Nations country teams in the Philippines and Fiji in 2015. |
36. 人权高专办支持前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国建立了消除歧视的教育网站，并协助国家消除歧视委员会开设了在线申诉渠道。人权高专办协助塞尔维亚制定了新的罗姆人社区社会融入问题国家战略。 | 36. In the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, OHCHR supported the creation of an educational website against discrimination and assisted the national anti-discrimination commission in establishing an online complaints facility. In Serbia, OHCHR contributed to a new national strategy aimed at the social inclusion of Roma communities. |
37. 人权高专办借助少数群体和土著人民奖助金方案等多项举措加强了少数群体和土著人民在国内和国际论坛争取自身权利的能力。联合国援助土著居民自愿基金――2015 年是该基金成立 30 周年――为协助土著人民代表参与国际人权活动继续发挥关键作用。 | 37. Through different initiatives, including the minority and indigenous peoples’ fellowship programmes, OHCHR strengthened the capacity of minorities and indigenous peoples to claim their rights at home and in international forums. The United Nations Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Peoples — which turned 30 in 2015 — continued to play a crucial role in facilitating the participation of indigenous representatives in international human rights activities. |
4. 两性均等和妇女权利 | 4. Gender equality and women’s rights |
38. 高级专员 2015 年 9 月 15 日誓言争当“日内瓦性别平等冠军”4，除其他外，还承诺每次实地访问至少会见一家妇女组织。人权高专办于《北京行动纲要》二十周年之际主持了一次媒体宣传，放映了 12 段刻画妇女人权维护者的视频并加入了社交媒体内容，鼓励公众同妇女人权维护者团结。人权高专办与联合国各伙伴合作出版了宣传册，内容为联合国支持和协助打击与性别相关的杀害的工作及性和生殖健康与权利系列资料。 | 38. On 15 September 2015, the High Commissioner announced his pledge to be a “Geneva gender champion” 4 and committed himself to meeting at least one women’s organization during each field visit, among other things. On the occasion of the twentieth anniversary of the Beijing Platform for Action, OHCHR led a media campaign featuring 12 video profiles of women human rights defenders and a social media component encouraging public solidarity with women human rights defenders. With United Nations partners, OHCHR published a booklet about United Nations support and assistance to counter gender-related killings and launched an information series on sexual and reproductive health and rights. |
39. 人权高专办寻求在性和基于性别的暴力的案件中消除司法机关的错误成见(在危地马拉和西非)。人权高专办在哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、萨尔瓦多、巴拿马和秘鲁推广司法机关成员运用拉丁美洲关于调查基于性别的杀害妇女行为的示范议定书。人权高专办在巴布亚新几内亚开办了妇女人权维护者培训并编写了关于解决基于性别的暴力的手册。 | 39. OHCHR sought to address wrongful stereotyping by the judiciary in cases of sexual and gender-based violence (in Guatemala and West Africa). In Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Panama and Peru, OHCHR promoted the use of the Latin American model protocol for the investigation of femicide among members of the judiciary. In Papua New Guinea, OHCHR trained women human rights defenders and developed a manual on addressing gender-based violence. |
40. 人权高专办继续建设国家解决妇女权利和两性均等问题(暴力侵害妇女、性别成见、获得土地、性和生殖健康)的能力，惠及来自智利、哥伦比亚、多米尼加共和国、萨尔瓦多、冈比亚、洪都拉斯、黎巴嫩、利比亚、马里、尼加拉瓜、巴拿马、巴拉圭、大韩民国、瑞士、阿拉伯叙利亚共和国和突尼斯的利益攸关方。人权高专办还协助一些国家(白俄罗斯、冈比亚、缅甸、塞内加尔、突尼斯和也门)拟定或修订了家庭法关于暴力侵害妇女的法律。 | 40. OHCHR contributed to building national capacities to address issues related to women’s rights and gender equality (violence against women, gender stereotyping, access to land and sexual and reproductive health), including for stakeholders from Chile, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, the Gambia, Honduras, Lebanon, Libya, Mali, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, the Republic of Korea, Switzerland, the Syrian Arab Republic and Tunisia. OHCHR also assisted some States in developing or revising family laws and legislation on violence against women (in Belarus, the Gambia, Myanmar, Senegal, Tunisia and Yemen). |
41. 人权高专办在贝宁、布基纳法索、佛得角、尼日尔和塞内加尔与国家和国际上的同事共同指导了妇女候选人和议员。 | 41. With national and international counterparts, OHCHR mentored women candidates and parliamentarians in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, the Niger and Senegal. |
42. 350 名联合国员工及政府和民间社会代表参加了性别融入能力发展。 | 42. Capacity-development on gender integration reached some 350 United Nations staff and government and civil society representatives. |
5. 基于残疾的歧视 | 5. Discrimination on the basis of disability |
43. 人权高专办为在 2015 年后可持续发展议程中将残疾人权利纳入主流发挥了关键作用，包括确定指标和按残疾情况分列数据。 | 43. OHCHR played a key role in mainstreaming the rights of persons with disabilities in the post-2015 sustainable development agenda, including in the definition of indicators and in terms of data disaggregated by disability. |
44. 人权高专办为格鲁吉亚关于精神残疾者法律能力的法律修正案提供了建议，修正案于 2015 年春通过。巴拉圭残疾人权利委员会借助人权高专办支持制定的残疾人权利国家行动计划于 2015 年 8 月通过。还是借助人权高专办的援助，突尼斯议会于 2015 年 1 月在批准了残疾人和其他弱势群体问题国家宪章之后设立了残疾人和其他弱势群体问题特别委员会。 | 44. In Georgia, OHCHR provided advice on amendments to the legislation on the legal capacity of persons with psychological disabilities, which were adopted in the spring of 2015. In August 2015, the Commission for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities of Paraguay adopted a national action plan on the rights of persons with disabilities, developed with OHCHR support. In January 2015, again with OHCHR assistance, the Parliament of Tunisia established a special commission for persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups, following its ratification of a national charter on the rights of such persons. |
6. 基于性取向和性别认同的歧视 | 6. Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity |
45. 人权高专办支持通过题为“自由平等”的公众教育宣传打击仇视同性恋和变性者态度，宣传工作贯穿 2015 年全年，期间新发布了视频、简报等材料。人权高专办在奥地利、巴西、柬埔寨、佛得角、中国、萨尔瓦多、斐济、墨西哥、秘鲁、塞内加尔、东帝汶和美国主持了宣传活动。5 月发布的一段宣传视频表现了女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性者和双性者的多元化及其对社区的贡献，在线观看人数近 1000 万。墨西哥城地铁系统在一条日乘客流量约 400000 人的线路上连续五个月播放了该宣传片。 | 45. OHCHR supports efforts to counter homophobic and transphobic attitudes through its Free and Equal public education campaign, which continued through 2015 with the release of new videos, factsheets and other materials. OHCHR led campaign events in Austria, Brazil, Cambodia, Cabo Verde, China, El Salvador, Fiji, Mexico, Peru, Senegal, 4 For more information, see www.genevagenderchampions.com. Timor-Leste and the United States. A campaign video that was launched in May and showcases the diversity of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people and their contributions to the community, was watched by almost 10 million people online. In Mexico City, the subway system broadcast the campaign for five months on a line used daily by about 400, 000 passengers. |
46. 9 月，人权高专办在日内瓦主办了专家会议，讨论双性者面临的特定人权挑战—包括不必要和非自愿的手术及其他医治手段、诉诸司法不足和教育、就业及体育领域歧视性质的惯例。人权高专办还发布了关于人权和双性者“自由平等”宣传简报并提供了在线查阅。 | 46. In September, OHCHR hosted an expert meeting in Geneva to discuss the specific human rights challenges faced by intersex people — including unnecessary and involuntary surgery and other medical treatments, as well as lack of access to justice and discriminatory practices in education, employment and sport. OHCHR also released a Free and Equal campaign factsheet on human rights and intersex persons, available online. |
7. 歧视白化病患者 | 7. Discrimination against persons with albinism |
47. 人权高专办于 3 月举办了题为 “Blanc ebène――White ebony” 的展览，并于 5月启动了专门网站(www.albinism.ohchr.org)。 | 47. OHCHR held an exhibition entitled “Blanc ebène — White ebony” in March and launched a special website in May (www.albinism.ohchr.org). |
48. 除人权高专办的倡导之外，马拉维和坦桑尼亚联合共和国制定了打击暴力和歧视侵害白化病患者行为的国家战略。在马拉维，人权高专办支持司法部将攻击白化病患者的犯罪者绳之以法的工作。在坦桑尼亚联合共和国，联合国酷刑受害者问题自愿基金支持各组织为攻击的受害者及亲属提供直接援助。 | 48. Further to OHCHR advocacy, national strategies to combat violence and discrimination against persons with albinism were developed in Malawi and the United Republic of Tanzania. In Malawi, OHCHR supported the Ministry of Justice with a view to bringing perpetrators of attacks against persons with albinism to justice. In the United Republic of Tanzania, the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture supported organizations providing direct assistance to survivors of attacks and their relatives. |
C. 打击有罪不罚，加强问责制和法治 | C. Combating impunity and strengthening accountability and the rule of law |
1. 跨国司法 | 1. Transitional justice |
49. 人权高专办于 2 月出版了《冲突后国家的法治工具》，5 其中指出了了解真相的权利方面记录和档案管理的良好做法。人权高专办在柬埔寨、哥伦比亚和危地马拉等国寻求加强国家调查和起诉严重侵犯人权行为的能力。人权高专办同联合国组织刚果民主共和国稳定特派团、联合国促进两性平等和增强妇女权能署和冲突中性暴力问题秘书长特别代表就检察官向国际刑事法院起诉 Germain Katanga 一案的赔偿共同起草了法庭之友书状。6 | 49. In February, OHCHR published Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, 5 in which good practices relating to the management of records and archives in the context of the right to truth were identified. OHCHR sought to strengthen national capacity for the investigation and prosecution of serious human rights violations, for example in Cambodia, Colombia and Guatemala. Together with the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict, OHCHR prepared a submission (amicus brief) on reparations in relation to the case The Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga before the International Criminal Court. |
50. 人权高专办继续为跨国司法机制及相关国内对话提供技术顾问。例如，为中非共和国设立处理 2003 年以来发生的严重侵犯人权行为的混合特设刑事法院提供了法律顾问；2015 年 9 月同联合国中非共和国多层面综合稳定团和地方机关联合主办了一次打击有罪不罚问题国际研讨会。7 人权高专办为马里、南苏丹和苏丹(达尔富 | 50. OHCHR continued to provide technical advice in relation to transitional justice mechanisms and related national dialogues. For instance, in the Central African Republic, it provided legal advice on the creation of a hybrid special criminal court to deal with serious human rights violations committed since 2003 and, in September 2015, co-organized with the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic and local authorities an international seminar on the fight against impunity. |
了一次打击有罪不罚问题国际研讨会。7 人权高专办为马里、南苏丹和苏丹(达尔富 | 7 |
了一次打击有罪不罚问题国际研讨会。7 人权高专办为马里、南苏丹和苏丹(达尔富尔)就可能的问责制及和平协议所需跨国司法安排提供了顾问。人权高专办继续支持塞内加尔法院非洲特别法庭，并监督了 Hissène Habré案的审理。 | In Mali, South Sudan and the Sudan (Darfur), OHCHR provided advice on possible accountability and transitional justice arrangements foreseen by peace agreements. OHCHR continued to support the Extraordinary African Chambers in the Senegalese Courts and monitored the trial of Hissène Habré. |
持塞内加尔法院非洲特别法庭，并监督了 Hissène Habré案的审理。 | 5 |
51. 人权高专办支持了斯里兰卡国内利益攸关方起步设立可信、有效的综合跨国司法机制，负责受理国际人道主义和人权法领域的指控。 | 51. In Sri Lanka, OHCHR supported national stakeholders in the initial steps of establishing credible, effective and comprehensive transitional justice mechanisms to deal with allegations of international humanitarian and human rights law. |
52. 人权高专办在乍得和毛里塔尼亚等国支持了地方上增进跨国司法进程的国家自主的举措。人权高专办为突尼斯真相与尊严委员会提供了侵犯经济、社会和文化权利等方面的顾问。支持哥伦比亚通过安全的信息系统收集证据，并追踪定位 4,500多起杀害案件，使检察长办公室得以起诉法外杀害的犯罪者，包括高级别官员。人权高专办在阿富汗、几内亚、利比亚和突尼斯等国倡导妇女真正纳入和平进程和和解机制。 | 52. OHCHR supported local initiatives to promote national ownership of transitional justice processes, e.g. in Chad and Mauritania. In Tunisia, OHCHR provided advice the Truth and Dignity Commission, including regarding violations of economic, social and cultural rights. In Colombia, it supported the gathering, through a secure information system, of evidence and the mapping of over 4,500 killings to enable the Attorney-General’s Office to prosecute perpetrators of extrajudicial killings, including high-ranking officials. OHCHR advocated for the meaningful inclusion of women in peace processes and reconciliation mechanisms, including in Afghanistan, Guinea, Libya and Tunisia. |
2. 死刑 | 2. Death penalty |
53. 人权高专办继续倡导在全世界废除死刑，包括促进批准《公民权利和政治权利国际公约第二项任择议定书》。人权高专办发布了新版《远离死刑：争论、趋势和视角》的题为“结束死刑”的社交媒体宣传。在联合国总部主办了侧重倾听受害者家属声音的高级别活动 ，还采取了多项倡导废除死刑的区域举措。人权高专办出版了《远离死刑：东南亚的经验》8 并同非洲联盟合作，在多哈和亚的斯亚贝巴支持了废除死刑的区域活动。人权高专办还在马达加斯加和马拉维支持联合国国家工作队执行倡导废除死刑的项目。 | 53. OHCHR continued to advocate for the abolition of the death penalty worldwide, including by promoting the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. OHCHR launched a new edition of the book Moving Away from the Death Penalty: Arguments, Trends and Perspectives and a social media campaign entitled “End executions”. It organized a high-level event at United Nations Headquarters focusing on the voices of victims’ families and undertook a number of regional initiatives to advocate for abolition. OHCHR published Moving Away from the Death Penalty: Lessons in South-East Asia8 and supported regional events on the abolition of death penalty in Doha and Addis Ababa, in cooperation with the African Union. OHCHR also supported the United Nation country teams in Madagascar and Malawi in implementing projects to advance abolition. |
54. 人权高专办在仍使用死刑的国家增进保护获判死刑者权利。 | 54. OHCHR promoted protecting the rights of individuals facing the death penalty in States that still use it. |
3. 反恐 | 3. Counter-terrorism |
55. 人权高专办共同主持了联合国反恐执行工作队在反恐的同时增进和保护人权和法治问题工作组，该工作组协助了执法人员的能力发展，还发布了多份报告，重申对条文宽泛的国家安全法滥用于限制合法活动，并针对记者、人权维护者、少数群体、政治反对派成员和其他人士表示关切 | 55. OHCHR co-chaired the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force Working Group on Promoting and Protecting Human Rights and the Rule of Law while Countering Terrorism, which contributes to developing the capacity of law enforcement officials, and issued a number of reports reiterating concerns at broadly formulated national security legislation used to curb otherwise legitimate activities and to target journalists, human rights defenders, minority groups, members of the political opposition and other individuals or groups. |
4. 司法和执法 | 4. Administration of justice and law enforcement |
56. 人权高专办一直参与《囚犯待遇最低限度标准规则》的审议和保护被剥夺自由者的健康权、为死亡案件调查提供人权指导、在押人员失踪或重伤、隔离监禁适用范围、获得法律援助等方面的倡导。10 月，高专办召开了国际专家会议，就审判观察作为确保遵守公正审判权的工具交流良好做法。 | 56. OHCHR remained engaged in the review of the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, advocating, inter alia, for protection of the right to health of persons deprived of their liberty, provision of guidance on human rights in relation to investigations into the death, disappearance or serious injury of persons while in custody, the scope of application of solitary confinement and access to legal aid. In October, the Office convened an international expert meeting to share good practices on trial observation as a tool to ensure compliance with the right to a fair trial. |
57. 人权高专办协助了联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室“高危犯人管理手册草稿”的讨论，并发布了《国际边界人权问题建议原则和准则》，以期在能力建设、救援与拦截、援助、筛查、发现和转交处理、必要的拘留或遣返等实际边境治理措施中落实国际人权框架。人权高专办 2015 年 6 月在奥地利参加了一次非正式专家组会议，会上审议了关于刑事司体系中的法律援助的法律范本草案。人权高专办协助编写了各国议会联盟 2015 年 10 月发布的“移徙、人权与治理”议员手册。 | 57. OHCHR contributed to discussions of the draft handbook of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime on the management of high-risk prisoners and launched 8 See http://bangkok.ohchr.org/files/Moving%20away%20from%20the%20Death%20Penalty-English%20for%20Website.pdf. Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights at International Borders witha view to translating the international human rights framework into practical border governance measures, including in relation to capacity-building, rescue and interception, assistance, screening, identification and referral, as well as conditions for any necessary detention or removal. OHCHR participated in an informal expert group meeting to review a draft model law on legal aid in criminal justice systems in Austria in June 2015. OHCHR contributed to the handbook for parliamentarians Migration, Human Rights and Governance launched by the Inter-Parliamentary Union in October 2015. |
58. 人权高专办在乌干达继续强化公共检察官办公室和高等法院国际犯罪司的能力，以便受害者和证人更多地诉诸司法和保护，特别是儿童及性和基于性别的暴力的受害者。人权高专办在墨西哥支持内政部设置人权信息系统。危地马拉打击有罪不罚国际委员会和人权高专办联合支持了多项举措，以保障诉诸司法和确保公共资金使用的透明度。人权高专办在牙买加同联合国伙伴及司法培训学院共同为地方法官与高等法院法官举办了人权研讨会。人权高专办支持巴布亚新几内亚司法部和检察长制定了国家行动计划并设立了处理涉及暴力的巫术指控的委员会。 | 58. In Uganda, OHCHR continued to strengthen the capacity of the Directorate of Public Prosecutions and the International Crimes Division of the High Court to increase victims’ and witnesses’ access to justice and protection, especially for children and victims of sexual and gender-based violence. In Mexico, OHCHR supported the Ministry of the Interior in designing a human rights information system. The International Commission against Impunity of Guatemala and OHCHR jointly supported several initiatives to guarantee access to justice and ensure transparency in the use of public funds. In Jamaica, OHCHR, with United Nations partners and the Justice Training Institute, organized a seminar on human rights for resident magistrates and judges of the High Court. OHCHR support to the Department of Justice and the Attorney-General of Papua New Guinea led to the development of a national action plan and the establishment of a committee to address violence related to accusations of sorcery and witchcraft. |
59. 联合国海地稳定团和人权高专办为国家警察监察总署提供了技术支持，提高了受理和处理警方违规案件的能力。人权高专办在斐济和缅甸为警方开展了人权培训，在东帝汶与开发署共同支持国家人权机构起草并落实了警方人权培训手册。墨西哥最高法院同人权高专办协作开发了数据库，内含所有联合国和美洲人权体系制定的国际人权标准。9 人权高专办和开发署支持突尼斯司法部和人权及临时司法机构制 | 59. The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti and OHCHR provided technical support to the Inspectorate General of the national police, which led to increased capacity to process and address cases of police misconduct. In Fiji and Myanmar, OHCHR provided human rights training to the police, while in Timor-Leste, OHCHR and UNDP supported the national human rights institution to draft and implement a human rights training manual for the police. The Supreme Court of Justice of Mexico developed, in collaboration with OHCHR, a database that includes all international human rights standards as defined by the United Nations and the inter-American human rights systems. |
国际人权标准。9 人权高专办和开发署支持突尼斯司法部和人权及临时司法机构制 | 9 |
国际人权标准。9 人权高专办和开发署支持突尼斯司法部和人权及临时司法机构制定了一项改革司法和监狱体制的国家行动计划。人权高专办在突尼斯和被占领巴勒斯坦领土联络主责机关，解决任意逮捕和拘留的问题并改善拘留条件。人权高专办在巴布亚新几内亚，为监察员机构就监督拘留场所提供顾问并开展培训。埃博拉病毒病爆发后，人权高专办和联合国利比里亚特派团成功倡导了改善审前拘留管理以减轻拘留场所拥挤程度的工作。 | In Tunisia, OHCHR and UNDP supported the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights and the Provisional Judicial Body in designing a national plan of action to reform the judicial and prison institutions. In Tunisia and the Occupied Palestinian Territory, OHCHR engaged with the authorities to address arbitrary arrests and detention and improve conditions of detention. In Papua New Guinea, OHCHR advised and trained the Ombudsman institution to monitor detention facilities. In the context of the Ebola virus disease outbreak, OHCHR and the United Nations Mission in Liberia successfully advocated for the decongestion of detention facilities through improved management of pretrial detention. |
5. 宪法和法律改革 | 5. Constitutional and legislative reforms |
60. 人权高专办在格林纳达、利比亚、泰国、乌克兰和坦桑尼亚联合共和国倡导了宪法和法律改革，以确保各国遵守国际人权。 | 60. OHCHR advocated for constitutional and legislative reforms to ensure States’ compliance with international human rights, including in Grenada, Libya, Thailand, Ukraine and the United Republic of Tanzania. |
61. 人权高专办在布隆迪、中非共和国、苏丹和乌干达支持国家利益攸关方为保护严重侵犯人权和严重违反国际人道主义法的受害者和证人设置法律框架。 | 61. OHCHR supported national stakeholders in Burundi, the Central African Republic, the Sudan and Uganda to put in place legislative frameworks for the protection of victims and witnesses of gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law. |
62. 吉尔吉斯斯坦议会在人权高专办的援助下通过了《刑事诉讼法》等七项法律，纳入了司法和防止酷刑方面的国际标准。黎巴嫩借助人权高专办中东区域办事处的顾问，更新了国内安全部队行为守则，纳入了禁止酷刑委员会的建议。毛里塔尼亚议会借助人权高专办的顾问，于 2015 年 7 月通过了将酷刑入刑的法律和确立预防酷刑国家机制的法律。 | 62. Further to OHCHR assistance, the Parliament of Kyrgyzstan adopted seven laws, including the Code of Criminal Procedure, integrating international standards related to the 9 See www.bjdh.org.mx. administration of justice and the prevention of torture. With the advice of the OHCHR Regional Office for the Middle East, the code of conduct of Lebanese internal security forces was updated to integrate recommendations of the Committee against Torture. In July 2015, following OHCHR advice, the Parliament of Mauritania adopted a law criminalizing torture and a law establishing a national preventive mechanism against torture. |
D. 将人权纳入经济与发展 | D. Integrating human rights in development and the economy |
1. 发展中的人权问题 | 1. Human rights in development |
63. 在《发展权利宣言》基础上提出的《2030 年可持续发展议程》，包括新的可持续发展目标，是人权高专办 2015 年发展领域的中心工作。高级专员 7 月 27 日的公开信呼吁成员国确保新议程稳固依附于国际人权框架。他欢迎可持续发展目标以减少不平等 和实现所有人的人权为核心目标。 | 63. The Declaration on the Right to Development informed the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the new Sustainable Development Goals, which were at the centre of OHCHR development work in 2015. In an open letter dated 27 July, the High Commissioner called upon Member States to ensure that the new agenda was firmly anchored in the international human rights framework. he welcomed that the core objective of the Sustainable Development Goals was to reduce inequalities and realize the human rights of all. |
64. 人权高专办同成员国联络，支持制定考虑人权的指标框架和监督、审议与问责制框架。人权高专办主张，落实 2030 年议程的战略应根植于人权标准和原则，确保不仅“无人被遗忘”，而且“处境最困难的被遗忘者最先得到援助”。 | 64. OHCHR engaged with Member States in supporting the development of a framework of indicators that was sensitive to human rights and a robust monitoring, review and accountability framework. OHCHR advocated for strategies to implement the 2030 Agenda to be grounded in human rights standards and principles, ensuring not only that “no one is left behind” but also that those “left furthest behind are reached first”. |
65. 人权高专办为编制可持续发展目标方面的全球指标开展了初步磋商和方法学工作，包括通过可持续发展目标指标机构间专家组和联合国及其他国际组织统计活动协调委员会开展工作。人权高专办于 10 月主办了专家会议，为基于人权的统计数据方针编写了指南，重点是数据分列和包容式数据采集系统。人权高专协助制定了移徙者领域的指标，初步重点是健康、教育和体面工作的权利。巴拉圭政府借助人权高专办的支持制定了有关贫困、经济与社会权利和社会保护的人权指标。 | 65. OHCHR undertook preliminary consultations and methodological work to compile global indicators relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals, including through the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators and the Committee for the Coordination of Statistical Activities of the United Nations and other international organizations. In October, OHCHR organized an expert meeting to develop guidance on a human rights-based approach to data and statistics, with a focus on disaggregation and inclusive data collection systems. OHCHR contributed to indicators on migrants, with an initial focus on the rights to health, education and decent work. With OHCHR support, the Government of Paraguay designed human rights indicators related to poverty, economic and social rights and social protection. |
66. 关于发展筹资问题和第三次发展筹资问题国际会议通过的《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》，人权高专办主张就综合人权考虑及发展权方针公开致信所有成员国。 | 66. With regard to financing for development and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development , OHCHR advocacy addressed an open letter to all Member States on integrated human rights considerations and on the right-to-development approach. |
67. 关于将人权纳入联合国发展体系工作的主流，人权高专办继续共同主持联合国机构间发展集团人权工作组。人权高专办更新了联合国驻地协调员和联合国国家工作队指导说明，借鉴秘书长的“人权先行”举措，为驻地协调员及国家工作队履行自身人权责任提供了指导和实例。 | 67. In terms of mainstreaming human rights in the work of the United Nations development system, OHCHR continued to co-chair the human rights working group of the inter-agency United Nations Development Group. OHCHR updated the guidance note on human rights for resident coordinators and United Nations country teams, which provides guidance and practical examples on how resident coordinators and country teams can fulfil their human rights responsibilities, including in the light of the Secretary-General’s Human Rights Up Front initiative. |
68. 人权高专办参与了在世界银行等资助发展的国际机构将人权纳入主流的工作，重点是强化多边发展银行投资借贷政策依托的社会和环境保障政策。 | 68. OHCHR engaged in mainstreaming human rights in international institutions that finance development, including the World Bank, with a focus on strengthening the social and environmental safeguard policies underpinning multilateral development banks’ investment lending. |
69. 人权高专办贸易领域的工作重点是对以农业和就业为重的自由贸易区协定的事先人权影响评估之范围研究。这些评估以客观现实为据，目的是确保谈判后的决策符合人权。人权高专办就如何改革投资条约体系提出了意见，并就国家投资者合同与人权问题开展了研究。 | 69. OHCHR work on trade focused on a scoping study conducted as part of an ex-ante human rights impact assessment of the Continental Free Trade Area agreement emphasizing agriculture and employment. Based on objective evidence, such assessments aim at ensuring that negotiations lead to decision-making that complies with human rights. OHCHR provided input on ways to reform the investment treaty system and conducted research on State-investor contracts and human rights. |
70. 人权高专办 2 月同玛丽·鲁宾逊基金会联合主办了气候正义对话之后，多个国家一致认为人权与气候专家应分享最佳做法和知识。人权高专办主张将人权考虑纳入 12 月通过的第二十一届《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方大会成果文件。 | 70. In February, OHCHR co-organized a climate justice dialogue with the Mary Robinson Foundation, as a result of which several States agreed to share best practices and knowledge between human rights and climate experts. OHCHR advocated for human rights considerations to be integrated in the outcome document of the Twenty-first Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which was adopted in December. |
2. 经济、社会和文化权利 | 2. Economic, social and cultural rights |
71. 9 月 15 日，人权高专办与联合国伙伴共同推出了社会保护最低标准与人权问题在线平台，为国家和执业者提供了落实社会保护权利的工具。 | 71. On 15 September, OHCHR and United Nations partners launched an online platform on social protection floors and human rights to provide States and practitioners with tools for implementing the right to social security. |
72. 人权高专办支持乌干达司法研究院逐步推出了面向法官的关于落实经济社会与文化权利的课程。 | 72. OHCHR supported the Judicial Studies Institute of Uganda to roll out a curriculum for judges on the enforcement of economic social and cultural rights. |
73. 人权高专办 7 月在日内瓦举办了专家磋商会，探讨侵犯经济、社会和文化权利与冲突之间的关联，并确认早期预警系统的关键因素。磋商之后在曼谷召开的区域会议重点讨论了与土地相关的问题中的侵犯人权行为。 | 73. OHCHR held expert consultations in Geneva, in July, to explore the links between violations of economic, social and cultural rights and conflict and to identify the essential elements of an effective early warning system. The consultations were followed by a regional meeting in Bangkok focusing on human rights violations in the context of land-related issues. |
74. 强迫搬迁令数百万人无家可归、丧失土地，加剧了贫困。人权高专办编写了强迫搬迁问题简报，帮助所有利益攸关方防止和补救该领域的侵犯人权行为。人权高专办在东帝汶帮助国家人权机构为监督获得适足住房权和防止搬迁建设能力。人权高专办同联合国人类住区规划署继续进行搬迁影响评估，以便对搬迁成本作现实估测。程度日益加大的城市化通常伴随着歧视和不平等，人权高专办主张，考虑到将于 2016 年 10 月在厄瓜多尔举办的联合国住房和可持续城市发展会议(Habitat III)，应将人权纳入城市化进程中的决策。 | 74. Forced evictions make millions homeless and landless, increasing poverty. OHCHR developed a factsheet on forced evictions to help all stakeholders to prevent and remedy human rights violations in that context. In Timor-Leste, OHCHR built the capacity of the national human rights institution to monitor the right to adequate housing and to prevent evictions. With the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), OHCHR continued work on eviction impact assessments to enable a realistic estimation of the costs of evictions. Against the backdrop of ever-increasing urbanization, generally accompanied by discrimination and inequalities, OHCHR advocated for the integration of human rights into decision-making on urbanization processes, also in view of the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), to be held in Ecuador in October 2016. |
75. 在 2015 年发布的秘书长“促进妇女儿童健康全球战略”(2016-2030)的制定过程中，人权高专办领导了人权工作流。问责制和赋权妇女、儿童及青少年以便他们能够维护自身权利的问题由此成为该战略的核心内容。人权高专办，同联合国人口基金和世界卫生组织等伙伴共同为卫生决策者和国家人权机构编写了关于的详细指南，内容为将基于权利的方针用于性、生殖、母婴、新生儿和 5 岁以下儿童的问题时的主要考虑。马拉维，坦桑尼亚联合共和国和赞比亚从人权观出发评估了这些问题，并在国家层面的多利益攸关方会议上进行了讨论。在乌干达，人权高专办协助民间社会发展能力，监督有关性健康和生殖健康的侵犯人权行为。 | 75. OHCHR led the human rights work stream in the preparation of the Secretary-General’s Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health (2016-2030), launched in 2015. As a result, accountability and the empowerment of women, children and adolescents so that they can claim their rights are core aspects of the Strategy. OHCHR, with partners such as the United Nations Population Fund and the World Health Organization, produced detailed guidance for health policymakers and national human rights institutions on key considerations in applying a rights-based approach to sexual, reproductive, maternal, new-born and under-5 child health. In Malawi, the United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia, those issues were assessed from a human rights perspective and discussed in multi-stakeholder meetings at the national level. In Uganda, OHCHR assisted civil society in developing the capacity to monitor violations of human rights related to sexual and reproductive health. |
3. 工商企业与人权 | 3. Business and human rights |
76. 人权理事会 2011 年支持《工商企业与人权指导原则》以来，人权高专办支持马来西亚等多个国家制定工商企业与人权问题国家行动计划，并联络各公司，鼓励其更有效地管理自身经营带来的人权风险。但要实现指导原则中的承诺，需要加强领导力并采取更多大力行动，特别是在问责制和工商企业相关的侵犯人权的受害者获得补救方面。人权高专办继续在其问责制和补救项目框架内参与磋商。 | 76. Since the Human Rights Council endorsed the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in 2011, OHCHR has supported some States, for instance Malaysia, in developing national action plans on business and human rights and engaged with companies to encourage them to more effectively manage human rights risks incurred by their operations. However, if the promise of the Guiding Principles is to be realized, greater leadership and more robust action are needed, in particular in relation to accountability and access to remedy for victims of business-related human rights abuses. OHCHR continued to engage in consultations in the framework of its Accountability and Remedy Project. |
77. 在柬埔寨，享有用地特许的工商企业和受影响的社区请人权高专办就补救用地特许的人权影响提供顾问。在巴拿马，人权高专办和其他联合国实体协助高级别政府委员会与反对建设 Barro Blanco 水电站大坝的土著人民代表对话。在哥伦比亚，人权高专办协助多家公司和社区为工商企业经营产生的人权影响寻求公平解决方案。人权高专办同的全球契约中美洲区域网络合作，将人权纳入私营公司的活动。在马拉维和突尼斯，人权高专办为政府官员、工商企业代表等利益攸关方就工商企业与人权指导原则提供了支持和指南。 | 77. In Cambodia, businesses that had benefited from land concessions and affected communities solicited OHCHR advice to remedy the human rights impact of such processes. In Panama, OHCHR and other United Nations entities facilitated dialogue between a high-level government committee and indigenous peoples’ representatives opposing the construction of the Barro Blanco hydroelectric dam. In Colombia, OHCHR assisted several companies and communities in achieving fair solutions to the human rights impact of business operations. OHCHR worked with the regional network of the Global Compact in Central America to integrate human rights in private companies’ activities. OHCHR provided support and guidance to government officials, business representatives and other stakeholders in Malawi and Tunisia on the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. |
E. 拓宽民主空间 | E. Widening the democratic space |
78. 2015 年，各区域的国家在言论、结社与和平集会的各项自由方面都经受了挑战，特别是大选之前、打击恐怖主义的背景下和面临社会与政治抗议时。人权维护者及家属、环保工作者、反腐败活动人士、记者和反对派领导或支持者在很多情况下受到限制。特别令人关切的是，寻求同联合国在人权领域开展合作的人士持续遭到报复。高级专员反复提请关注人权维护者和记者遭受的攻击，人权高专办就如何改善保护的问题为危地马拉、南苏丹和突尼斯当局提供了技术顾问。哥伦比亚检察长办公室借助人权高专办的顾问通过了暴力侵害人权维护者调查工作战略规划。人权高专办协助了萨尔瓦多和墨西哥强化受到攻击或攻击威胁的人权维护者的保护机制。 | 78. In 2015, countries in all regions experienced challenges to the rights to freedoms of expression, association and peaceful assembly, particularly ahead of elections, in the context of counter-terrorism and in the face of social and political protests. In many instances, restrictions were placed on human rights defenders and their families, environmentalists, anti-corruption activists, journalists and opposition leaders or supporters. The persistent reprisals against those seeking to cooperate with the United Nations in the field of human rights were of particular concern. The High Commissioner repeatedly drew attention to attacks on human rights defenders and journalists and OHCHR provided technical advice to authorities on how to enhance protection, including in Guatemala, South Sudan and Tunisia. In Colombia, further to OHCHR advice, the Attorney-General’s Office adopted a strategic plan for the investigation of violence against human rights defenders. In El Salvador and Mexico, OHCHR contributed to strengthening the protection mechanism for human rights defenders under attack and under the threat of attack. |
79. 人权高专办继续发展民间社会组织的能力，争取通过协助法律改革和倡导取消限制公众自由改善国家层面的保护。人权高专办支持中东和北非新兴的妇女人权维护者网络和成立区域民间社会联盟以打击煽动行为并增进宽容。人权高专办支持东帝汶的人权维护者就建立人权倡导工作常设网络开展对话。 | 79. OHCHR continued to develop the capacity of civil society organizations, seeking to improve protection at the national level through assistance to legal reforms and advocacy against restrictions of public freedoms. It supported an emerging network of women human rights defenders in the Middle East and North Africa, as well as the establishment of a regional civil society coalition to counter incitement and promote tolerance. In Timor-Leste, OHCHR supported human rights defenders’ dialogue on the establishment of a permanent human rights advocacy network. |
80. 人权高专办为毛里塔尼亚的民间社会协会法草案提供了顾问，促进民间社会参与起草法案的进程。人权高专办为肯尼亚政府的公共参与政策草案提供了顾问。人权高专办支持乌干达的民间社会倡导将国际人权纳入非政府组织法案。 | 80. OHCHR provided advice on the draft law on civil society association in Mauritania, promoting participation of civil society in the process. In Kenya, it advised the Government on a draft policy on public participation. In Uganda, it supported civil society advocacy for the integration of international human rights into the non-governmental organizations bill. |
81. 人权高专办参加了联合国选举援助机构间协调机制，倡导以人权方针开展联合国的选举援助。人权高专办和卡特中心于 2 月共同主持了选举观察员和人权维护者研讨会，讨论加大合作的问题。人权高专办在布隆迪、危地马拉和海地监督了选举背景下的人权情况。 | 81. OHCHR participated in the Inter-Agency Coordination Mechanism for United Nations Electoral Assistance, advocating for a human rights approach to United Nations electoral assistance. In February, OHCHR and the Carter Center co-chaired a workshop gathering electoral observers and human rights defenders to discuss increased cooperation. In Burundi, Guatemala and Haiti, OHCHR monitored human rights in the electoral context. |
82. 全球层面，人权高专办在各国议会联盟大会和互联网治理论坛等场合继续倡导保护隐私权等人权。 | 82. At the global level, OHCHR continued its advocacy on the protection of the right to privacy and other human rights, including at the Inter-Parliamentary Union Assembly and the Internet Governance Forum. |
83. 世界人权教育方案体现出，国际上一致认为，有效的人权教育对实现相关权利作用关键。高级专员 鼓励各国充分借方案执行第三期之机(2015-2019 年)促进煤炭工作者和记者的人权培训。 | 83. The World Programme for Human Rights Education represents international consensus on the key contribution of effective human rights education to the realization of those rights. The High Commissioner encouraged States to take full advantage of the third phase of the Programme’s implementation (2015-2019) to promote human rights training for media professionals and journalists. |
84. 人权高专办在肯尼亚、尼日尔、东帝汶和乌干达争取将人权纳入教育机构的课程，从小学直到大学。俄罗斯联邦五个区域的九所最优秀的大学借助人权高专办的支持编写了共同课程，核心课程是联合国人权机制和区域人权机制。 | 84. In Kenya, the Niger, Timor-Leste and Uganda, OHCHR worked towards integrating human rights in the curricula of educational institutions, from primary school to university. In the Russian Federation, nine leading universities from five regions developed, with support from OHCHR, common curricula, including core courses on the United Nations human rights machinery and regional human rights mechanisms. |
F. 冲突、暴力和不安全情况下的预警和人权保护 | F. Early warning and protection of human rights in situations of conflict, violence and insecurity |
1. 人权、和平与安全 | 1. Human rights, peace and security |
85. 人权高专办同安全理事会召开了说明会和磋商，就有关人权、和平与安全的若干国别及专题问题进行了互动。 | 85. OHCHR interacted with the Security Council on a number of country-specific and thematic issues related to human rights, peace and security, through briefings and consultations. |
86. 为推动将人权纳入在联合国和平与安全议程，人权高专办联络了和平行动问题高级别独立专家组并欢迎专家组的报告。秘书长随后在关于和平行动的未来的报告中强调了人权和保护平民是联合国维和行动的中心，也是整个联合国系统的责任。 | 86. In efforts to further integrate human rights in the United Nations peace and security agenda, OHCHR engaged with the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations and welcomed its report. In his subsequent report on the future of peace operations, the Secretary-General reinforced the centrality of human rights and the protection of civilians in United Nations peacekeeping and as a system-wide responsibility. |
87. 人权高专办与维持和平行动部、政治事务部和外勤支助部联合共同审查了2011 年将人权纳入在联合国和平行动及政治特派团的政策的落实情况。审查提出了综合的路线图，包括关于定期人权报告和加强维和行动人员人权培训的建议。作为联合国妇女、和平与安全机构间常设委员会成员，人权高专办为关于安全理事会第1325 (2000)号决议和对未来工作的建议的落实情况的全球研究提供了技术支持和意见。 | 87. OHCHR and the Departments of Peacekeeping Operations, Political Affairs and Field Support jointly conducted a review of the implementation of the 2011 policy on integrating human rights in United Nations peace operations and special political missions. The review provided a comprehensive road map, including recommendations for regular public human rights reporting and strengthened human rights training to peacekeeping personnel. As a member of the United Nations inter-agency Standing Committee on Women, Peace and Security, OHCHR provided technical support and input to a global study on the implementation of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) and recommendations on the way forward. |
88. 人权高专办寻求协助维和团建立更一贯的框架，用于保护儿童及与冲突相关的性暴力的受害者。人权高专办支持联合国维和团在中非共和国、马里和南苏丹履行保护平民的任务。人权高专办发布了关于维和行动中的人权和平民保护的报告。联合国科特迪瓦行动人权司与科特迪瓦共和军于8月设立了联合机制，用于共享信息、处理关于科特迪瓦共和军人员侵犯人权的指控及改善人权能力建设。 | 88. OHCHR sought to contribute to a more coherent framework for peace missions on the protection of, for example, children and victims of conflict-related sexual violence. OHCHR supported United Nations peace missions in the Central African Republic, Mali and South Sudan in fulfilling their mandates on the protection of civilians. OHCHR launched a report on human rights and the protection of civilians in peacekeeping. In August, the Human Rights Division of the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire and the Forces républicaines de Côte d’Ivoire (FRCI) established a joint mechanism to share information, address allegations of human rights violations by FRCI elements and improve human rights capacity-building. |
89. 人权高专办加强了同非洲联盟委员会的合作，以推进将人权纳入在非洲联盟的和平行动。高专办培训了非洲联盟和平与安全司及联合国非洲联盟办事处，以期确保非洲联盟部署的部队遵守国际人权与国际人道主义法，确保联合国对非洲联盟支持遵守“关于联合国向非联合国的安全部队提供支持的人权尽职政策”。人权高专办为负责启动由非洲联盟和平与安全理事会授权的多国联合特遣部队的非洲联盟开办小组强化人权能力提供了技术支持，以支持区域上打击博科哈拉姆组织努力。 | 89. OHCHR strengthened its cooperation with the Commission of the African Union to further integrate human rights in African Union peace operations. The Office trained the African Union Peace and Security Department and the United Nations Office to the African Union with a view to ensuring that forces deployed by the African Union adhere to international human rights and international humanitarian law, and that United Nations support to the African Union is compliant with the human rights due diligence policy on United Nations support to non-United Nations security forces. OHCHR provided technical support to strengthen the human rights capacity of the African Union start-up team tasked with activating the multinational joint task force mandated by the African Union Peace and the Security Council to support regional efforts to combat Boko Haram. |
90. 人权高专办还为孟加拉国、刚果民主共和国和索马里的联合国特派团和国家工作队就落实人权尽职政策提供了顾问。 | 90. OHCHR also provided advice to United Nations missions and country teams, including in Bangladesh, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Somalia, on the implementation of the human rights due diligence policy. |
2. 快速应急和预警 | 2. Rapid response and early warning |
91. 人权高专办继续应对新发生和持续存在的危机，并部署团队以评估以下背景下的人权局势：博科哈拉姆组织在喀麦隆、尼日尔和尼日利亚的行动；摩尔多瓦共和国的政治不稳定；危地马拉和几内亚的选举；多米尼加共和国与海地边境监督被多米尼加共和国驱逐的海地裔人员。由于资金有限，用于这些任务的人权高专办应急基金和快速部署部队人员名册资源紧张。人权高专办自 2015 年 9 月底开始监督含东耶路撒冷在内的被占领巴勒斯坦领土日益严重的暴力和动荡问题。 | 91. OHCHR continued to respond to emerging and ongoing crises and deployed teams to assess the human rights situation in Cameroon, the Niger and Nigeria in the context of Boko Haram operations; in the Republic of Moldova, in relation to political instability; in Guatemala and Guinea in the context of elections; and at the border between the Dominican Republic and Haiti to monitor the treatment of people of Haitian origin expelled from the Dominican Republic. Owing to financial constraints, the OHCHR contingency fund and rapid deployment roster used for such missions are overstretched. OHCHR monitored the increasing violence and unrest across the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, starting at the end of September 2015. |
92. 人权高专办一直全面参与落实“人权先行”举措，包括在总部和实地为联合国伙伴提供支持和顾问。人权高专办协调了面向联合国所有人员的联合国人权责任在线必修课程开发，课程于 2015 年人权日推出。 | 92. OHCHR remained fully involved in the implementation of the Human Rights Up Front initiative, including by providing support and advice both at headquarters and in the field to United Nations partners. OHCHR coordinated the development of the mandatory online course on United Nations human rights responsibilities for all United Nations staff, which was launched on Human Rights Day 2015. |
93. 管理关于侵犯人权和大众面临的广义威胁的资料对有效落实举措并确保及时充分分析和应对仍至关重要。人权高专办为此领导了一个机构间工作队，为建立联合国人权资料共用管理体系提供选择。高专办继续协助确定总部协调和预警机制。人权高专办定期为联合国系统机构提供人权和预警国别分析及系列国家说明并与驻地协调员共享，以指导国家层面的战略。 | 93. Management of information on violations of human rights and broader threats to populations remained critical to the effective implementation of the initiative and to ensuring adequate and timely analysis and response. To that end, OHCHR led an inter-agency task force that put forward options for the establishment of a common United Nations human rights information management system. The Office contributed to defining new headquarters coordination and early warning mechanisms. OHCHR regularly provided country specific human rights and early warning analysis to United Nations system entities and a series of country notes were shared with resident coordinators to guide country-level strategies. |
94. 人权高专办加大利用其它信息来源。例如，同联合国训练研究所业务卫星应用项目达成了谅解备忘录，目的是扩大卫星成像在人权资料核实中的运用。 | 94. OHCHR mad greater use of other information sources. For example, it concluded a memorandum of understanding with the United Nations Institute for Training and Research Operational Satellite Applications Programme with the aim of expanding its use of satellite imagery to verify human rights information. |
95. 国家层面，“人权先行”举措将人权分析引入援助框架开发，从而提高了在联合国应对中将人权纳入主流的水平，改善了解决人权风险的战略和行动，使人们注意到长期以来的人权关切并加强了人权倡导。人权高专办与政治事务部等伙伴合作发展了向可能发生危机的国家快速部署多学科团队的设想。第一支团队已于 2015年第四季度派往布基纳法索和莱索托。 | 95. At the country level, the Human Rights Up Front initiative resulted in enhanced mainstreaming of human rights into United Nations responses by bringing human rights analysis into development assistance frameworks, enabling improved strategies and operating procedures to address human rights risks, drawing attention to long-standing human rights concerns and strengthening human rights advocacy. OHCHR worked with partners, notably the Department of Political Affairs, on a concept for the rapid deployment of multidisciplinary teams to countries where crises may emerge. The first of these teams were deployed during the last quarter of 2015, in Burkina Faso and Lesotho. |
96. 人权高专办继续努力将人权监督和调查专业化，为此制定并更新了指南工具，例如违反国际人权法和国际人道主义法方面的词汇和人权监督手册新增章节。2015年，人权高专办开始审查其伤亡记录方法学，以期改善现有做法。高专办为调查委员会、实况调查团和人权高专办专门部署的人员提供了指南、培训、顾问和经验操练。在布隆迪等因安全形势无法开展人员现场培训的国家扩展并检测了远程培训。向另三个办事处推广了用于整个办事处的案件管理专业工具人权高专办人权案件数据库，并开发了新的指控所称犯罪者貌相模型。 | 96. OHCHR pursued efforts to professionalize human rights monitoring and investigation through the development and update of guidance tools, such as its glossary of violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law and new chapters of its manual on human rights monitoring. In 2015, OHCHR initiated a review of its casualty recording methodology with a view to improving existing practices. It provided guidance, training, advice and lessons learned exercises to commissions of inquiry, fact-finding missions and ad hoc OHCHR deployments. Remote training was expanded and tested when the security situation did not allow for on-site training for staff, namely in Burundi. The OHCHR Human Rights Case Database, an Office-wide professional case management tool, was rolled out to three additional offices and a new module for profiling alleged perpetrators was developed. |
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