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我们当时同意我们是两个国家里的同一个民族。我们相信尊重《阿卜耶伊协议》的道义义务和法律承诺，该协议也涉及苏丹领土这一不可分割部分的最终地位。我谨强调，正如最近提交安理会的报告所记录的那样，阿卜耶伊目前普遍存在的稳定与安全，以及米塞里亚族和恩哥克-丁卡族在共存方面取得的重大进展，是政府和各族群努力的直接结果，也是联阿安全部队自成立以来发挥积极作用的直接结果。 | We agreed at the time that we are one people in two States. We believe in the moral obligation as well as the legal commitment to respect the Abyei Agreement, which also addresses the final status of this integral part of the Sudanese territory. I would like to underscore that the stability and security currently prevailing in Abyei and the significant progress being made in terms of coexistence between Misseriya and Ngok Dinka communities, as documented in the report recently presented to the Council, are the direct outcome of efforts deployed by the Government and the communities, as well as the positive role played by UNISFA since its establishment. |
智慧认定，需要在所有伙伴之间进行合作，以进一步巩固安全与稳定。同样，它要求各方在阿卜耶伊最终法律地位确定之前，远离任何可能破坏稳定的行动或决定。在此之前，阿卜耶伊是苏丹领土不可分割的一部分，苏丹政府对该领土行使完全主权。 | Wisdom dictates the need for cooperation among all partners to further consolidate security and stability. It likewise requires that the parties distance themselves from any actions or decisions that could undermine that stability before the final legal status of Abyei is determined. Until then, Abyei is an integral part of Sudanese territory, and the Sudanese Government exercises full sovereignty over that territory. |
我谨回顾安全理事会成员去年所说的话，即在阿卜耶伊实现安全与稳定本身就是一项壮举，应该得到维护和进一步加强。 | I wish to recall what the members of the Security Council asserted last year, namely, that achieving security and stability in Abyei is a feat in itself, and that should be preserved and further strengthened. |
苏丹政府注意到秘书长报告中的建议，并对其中一些建议表示保留，因为这些建议违反了2011年6月20日苏丹政府与苏丹人民解放运动（苏人解）之间的《阿卜耶伊地区行政和安全临时安排协议》，该《协议》是关于阿卜耶伊的所有安排，包括部署联阿安全部队的基础。事实上，该《协议》的双方——即苏丹政府和后来成为南苏丹政府的苏丹人民解放运动——仍然受该《协议》的约束，直到阿卜耶伊的最终地位得到确定。 | The Government of the Sudan took note of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General, and expressed its reservations on some of them because they are in contravention of the 20 June 2011 Agreement between the Government of the Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) on Temporary Arrangements for the Administration and Security of the Abyei Area, which is the basis of all arrangements regarding Abyei, including the deployment of UNISFA. Indeed, the two parties to the Agreement — that is, the Government of the Sudan and the People’s Liberation Movement of Sudan, which later became the Government of South Sudan — remain bound by that Agreement until the final status of Abyei is determined. |
我谨援引第41条:“本《协议》和《阿卜耶伊议定书》（经本协议条款修改的除外）将继续适用，直至阿卜耶伊的最终地位得到解决。” | I wish to quote from article 41: “This Agreement and the Abyei Protocol (except as modified by the terms herein) shall continue to apply until such time as the final status of Abyei has been resolved.” |
我还想回顾同一《协议》第29条，该条将联阿安全部队任务的任何修正与征得《协议》双方的同意联系起来。该条内容如下:“苏丹政府和苏丹人民解放运动将请联合国安全理事会批准联阿安全部队的部署和任务授权，但有一项谅解，即未经苏丹政府、苏丹人民解放运动和埃塞俄比亚政府同意，不得改变本《协议》第27段提到的任务授权。” | I would also like to recall article 29 of the same Agreement, which links any amendment in the UNISFA mandate to the consent of both parties to the Agreement. That Article reads as follows: “The Government of Sudan and the SPLM will request the United Nations Security Council to approve the deployment and mandate of the ISFA, with the understanding that the mandate referred to in paragraph 27 of this Agreement shall not be changed without agreement of the Government of Sudan, the SPLM and the Government of Ethiopia.” |
我国政府强调，我们致力于执行与南苏丹共和国达成的所有协议，首先是2004年《解决阿卜耶伊地区冲突议定书》、《阿卜耶伊地区行政和安全临时安排协议》以及2012年9月27日关于双边合作的协议。我们呼吁我们南苏丹政府的兄弟姐妹与苏丹政府和非洲联盟切实合作，以便按照2011年6月《协议》，加快建立阿卜耶伊的机构。这有可能使阿卜耶伊最后地位问题得到解决。这些机构包括阿卜耶伊联合政府、联合立法委员会以及联合警察部门。我们都同意，对于管理该地区和建立和平、为民众提供基本服务、加强各族群共存以及创造适当、所需和必要条件，以便解决阿卜耶伊最后地位问题，从而在各方可以接受的情况下满足所有利益攸关方的愿望而言，这些机构是至关重要和不可或缺的。 | My country’s Government underscores its commitment to implementing all the agreements reached with the Republic of South Sudan, beginning with the 2004 Protocol on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Abyei Area, the Agreement on Provisional Arrangements for the Administration and Security of the Abyei Area and the 27 September 2012 agreement on bilateral cooperation. We call on our brothers and sisters in the Government of South Sudan to cooperate meaningfully with the Government of the Sudan and the African Union in order to accelerate the setting up of institutions in Abyei pursuant to the Agreement of June 2011. That would make it possible to resolve the final status of Abyei. Those institutions include a joint administration in Abyei, a joint legislative council and a joint police service. We all agree that those institutions are essential and indispensable for administering the Area and establishing peace, providing basic services to the population, strengthening coexistence among the various communities and creating the appropriate, required and necessary conditions towards resolving Abyei’s final status, so as to meet the aspirations of all stakeholders within a setting that is acceptable to all. |
请允许我重申，在审议阿卜耶伊问题时，必须把它作为苏丹与南苏丹总体关系的一部分，并且考虑两国国内局势的发展。我国代表团希望，最新事态发展将使我们有可能加强双边关系，同时解决未决问题，其中最重要的是阿卜耶伊问题，特别是考虑到苏丹主持了南苏丹各方和平谈判并且作出了不懈努力，最终于9月12日达成了修订后的《关于解决南苏丹共和国冲突的协议》，这一努力得到了安全理事会的肯定。 | Allow me to reiterate the need to consider the issue of Abyei as part of the overall relations between the Sudan and South Sudan, taking into account the developments in the internal situations of the two countries. My country’s delegation hopes that the latest developments will make it possible to strengthen bilateral relations and address the pending issues, at the top of which is the issue of Abyei, especially given that the Sudan has hosted peace negotiations between the South Sudanese parties and exerted tireless efforts, with the recognition of the Security Council, which on 12 September led to the revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan. |
最后，请允许我再次感谢所有努力推动联阿安全部队工作的伙伴，特别是姐妹国家埃塞俄比亚联邦共和国政府、非洲联盟和平与安全理事会、非洲联盟委员会、高级别执行小组、秘书长苏丹和南苏丹问题特使以及联阿安全部队工作人员，此外还有秘书处。我还要重申，苏丹致力于继续与联阿安全部队合作努力，使特派团能够执行其各项任务。我支持拉克鲁瓦先生和安理会一些成员的意见，即必须举行更多磋商，以便加强目前的积极状况，并且促进我们在这个问题上的集体决心。 | In conclusion, allow me once again to thank all our partners who have endeavoured to facilitate the work of UNISFA, in particular the Government of the sisterly Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, the African Union Peace and Security Council, the African Union Commission, the High-level Implementation Panel, the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Sudan and South Sudan and the staff of UNISFA, along with the Secretariat. I also reiterate the Sudan’s commitment to continue working with UNISFA in order to allow it to carry out all its tasks. I support what Mr. Lacroix and certain members of the Council have said, namely, about the importance of holding more consultations in order to strengthen the existing positive situation and promote our collective determination on the issue. |
安全理事会 Distr.: General | Security Council Distr.: General |
29 October 2021 | 29 October 2021 |
29 October 2021ChineseOriginal: English(C) 011121 021121 | 21-15745 (E) 021121 |
*2115745* | *2115745* |
阿尔及利亚、安道尔、安哥拉、安提瓜和巴布达、阿根廷、亚美尼亚、澳大利亚、奥地利、比利时、贝宁、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、巴西、保加利亚、加拿大、乍得、智利、科摩罗、哥斯达黎加、科特迪瓦、克罗地亚、塞浦路斯、捷克、丹麦、吉布提、多米尼加共和国、厄瓜多尔、爱沙尼亚、斐济、芬兰、法国、加蓬、冈比亚、格鲁吉亚、德国、加纳、希腊、危地马拉、几内亚、洪都拉斯、匈牙利、冰岛、印度尼西亚、爱尔兰、意大利、日本、约旦、哈萨克斯坦、肯尼亚、黎巴嫩、莱索托、列支敦士登、立陶宛、卢森堡、马来西亚、马里、马耳他、毛里塔尼亚、墨西哥、摩纳哥、黑山、摩洛哥、纳米比亚、荷兰、新西兰、尼日尔、尼日利亚、北马其顿、挪威、帕劳、巴拿马、巴布亚新几内亚、秘鲁、波兰、葡萄牙、卡塔尔、大韩民国、摩尔多瓦共和国、罗马尼亚、卢旺达、圣文森特和格林纳丁斯、圣马力诺、塞内加尔、塞尔维亚、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、索马里、南非、西班牙、苏丹、瑞典、瑞士、东帝汶、突尼斯、图瓦卢、乌克兰、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国、乌拉圭、越南和赞比亚：决议草案 | Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chad, Chile, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Norway, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Viet Nam and Zambia: draft resolution |
安全理事会， | The Security Council, |
重申其第 1261(1999)、1314(2000)、1379(2001)、1460(2003)、1539(2004)、1612(2005)、1882(2009)、1998(2011)、2068(2012)、2143(2014)、2225(2015)和2427(2018)号决议以及所有相关的安理会主席声明，这些决议和主席声明有助于形成一个全面框架以处理保护受武装冲突影响儿童以及便利教育在武装冲突中得以继续和得到保护的问题， | Reaffirming its resolutions 1261 (1999), 1314 (2000), 1379 (2001), 1460 (2003), 1539 (2004), 1612 (2005), 1882 (2009), 1998 (2011), 2068 (2012), 2143 (2014), 2225 (2015), and 2427 (2018), and all relevant Statements of its President, which contribute to a comprehensive framework for addressing the protection of children affected by armed conflict and facilitating the continuation and the protection of education in armed conflict, |
重申安理会根据《联合国宪章》负有维护国际和平与安全的主要责任，为此重申致力于应对武装冲突的广泛影响，包括失去受教育的机会，应对这些影响对持久和平、安全与发展造成的长期后果， | Reiterating its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this connection, its commitment to address the widespread impact of armed conflict, including the disruption of access to education, and the long-term consequences this has for durable peace, security and development, |
认识到各国需要为确保安全接受教育营造有利、有保障的环境；回顾国际人道法规定的关于在武装冲突局势中保护学校和教育设施的义务， | Recognizing the need for States to foster an enabling and secure environment to ensure safe access to education; and recalling the international humanitarian law obligations involving the protection of schools and educational facilities in situations of armed conflict, |
强调指出各国政府在为所有受武装冲突影响儿童提供保护和救济方面具有主要作用并负有主要责任，认识到加强这方面国家能力的重要性， | Stressing the primary role and responsibility of Governments in providing protection and relief to all children affected by armed conflict and recognizing the importance of strengthening national capacities in this regard, |
但仍然深为关切一些令人关注的局势在实地没有改善，冲突各方继续违反关于武装冲突中儿童权利和儿童保护问题的相关国际法规定而不受惩罚， | Remaining however deeply concerned over the lack of progress on the ground in some situations of concern, where parties to conflict continue to violate with impunity the relevant provisions of applicable international law relating to the rights and protection of children in armed conflict, |
在这方面着重指出落实《2030 年可持续发展议程》的重要性，认识到有必要大力注重消除贫困、匮乏和不平等，预防和保护儿童免受一切违法侵权行为之害，特别是在武装冲突环境中，增强儿童及其家庭和所在社区的复原力，认识到必须推进全民教育，构建和平包容的社会，以此促进可持续发展， | Underlining in this regard the importance of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and recognizing that a strong focus is needed on combating poverty, deprivation and inequality to prevent and protect children from all violations and abuses in particular in the context of armed conflict and to promote the resilience of children, their families and their communities, and the importance of promoting education for all and peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, |
重申受教育权及其对实现和平与安全的根本贡献，还认识到投资于全民和全纳教育与培训是各国可为确保儿童的近期和长期发展作出的重要投资，重申提供包容、公平、优质的正规和非正规教育是使儿童和青年获得相关技能并培养其能力的重要因素， | Reaffirming the right to education and its fundamental contribution to the achievement of peace and security and further recognizing that investment in universal, and inclusive education and training is an important investment that States can make to ensure the immediate and long-term development of children, and reiterating that access to inclusive, equitable and quality formal and non-formal education are important factors that enable children and youth to acquire the relevant skills and to build their capacities, |
表示关切在受武装冲突不利影响、包括成为难民和境内流离失所者的民众中有很多儿童，失去接受教育的机会和未来经济机会对持久和平与和解造成重大影响， | Expressing concerns that children account for many of those adversely affected by armed conflict, including as refugees and internally displaced persons, and that the disruption of access to education and future economic opportunities has a dramatic impact on durable peace and reconciliation, |
表示严重关切的是，如联合国所报告，近年来袭击学校和教育设施的事件大幅增加，被剥夺受教育权的儿童人数惊人，学校及其基础设施遭受袭击，绑架儿童事件增多，为达到绑架目的而将学校作为行动目标，针对学校以及儿童和教师等与学校有关联平民的袭击威胁和袭击行为性质严重且频繁发生，学校被用于军事目的，袭击行为对学生的安全及其享有受教育权的能力直接产生不利影响，对学生个人及其家庭和所在社区造成长期不利后果， | Expressing grave concern about the significant increase of attacks against schools and education facilities in recent years and the alarming number of children denied their right to education, as well as about attacks on schools and their infrastructure, rising instances of abduction of children, and the targeting of schools for the purposes of abductions, as reported by the United Nations, the severity and frequency of threats of attacks and attacks against schools and civilians connected to schools, including children and teachers, the use of schools for military purposes, as well as the immediate negative impact of attacks on the safety of students and their ability to enjoy their right to education, with long-term negative consequences for them as individuals, their families and their communities, |
承认 2019 冠状病毒病大流行对武装冲突中儿童以及曾经与武装团体和武装部队有关联并正在接受重返社会援助的儿童造成尤其重大的不利影响，特别是在社会经济方面，并产生不良后果，注意到武装冲突中儿童、特别是女童在学校关闭后更有可能不再继续接受教育，因而更有可能因童工、招募儿童和强迫婚姻而受到伤害， | Acknowledging the disproportionate negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, notably the socio-economic impact, and the adverse effects on children in armed conflict and children formerly associated with armed groups and armed forces who are undergoing reintegration assistance and noting the heightened risk for children in armed conflict, of not resuming their education following school closures, particularly girls, making them more vulnerable to child labor, child recruitment as well as forced marriage, |
表示深为关切的是，女童和妇女可能成为旨在阻碍其上学和继续接受教育的袭击的目标受害者，表示关切此类袭击造成的具体后果，包括但不限于强奸和性奴役等其他形式性暴力事件、在学校和上下学路上受到袭击威胁、绑架、强迫婚姻、人口贩运以及由此产生的任何污名和对其健康造成的严重后果，所有这些都可能进一步阻碍她们继续接受教育， | Expressing deep concerns that girls and women may be the intended victims of attacks targeting their access to and continuation of education, and expressing concern about the specific consequences of such attacks including but not limited to incidents of rape and other forms of sexual violence including sexual slavery, threats of attacks, at school and on the way to and from school, abductions, forced marriage, human trafficking, and any resulting stigma and grave consequences on their health, all of which may further impede the continuation of their education, |
表示深为关切的是，在武装冲突中，由于学校受到袭击或袭击威胁、校舍受损或被毁、地雷和战争遗留爆炸物、不安全状况、学校内和学校周围普遍存在暴力现象，包括针对儿童的性暴力和性别暴力，以及民事证件遗失或缺失，许多儿童特别是女童缺乏获得教育的机会， | Expressing deep concern that many children in armed conflict, in particular girls, lack access to education owing to attacks and threats of attacks against schools, damaged or destroyed school buildings, mines and explosive remnants of war, insecurity, the prevalence of violence, including sexual and gender-based violence against children, in and around schools and loss or lack of civil documentation, |
强调指出，武装冲突所有当事方都必须严格遵守国际法规定的在武装冲突中保护儿童的义务，包括 1949 年 8 月 12 日日内瓦四公约及其 1977 年各项附加议定书以及《儿童权利公约》及其《关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》所载义务，欢迎若干会员国采取步骤，承诺保护受武装冲突影响的儿童，包括批准《儿童权利公约关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》， | Stressing that all parties to armed conflict must comply strictly with the obligations applicable to them under international law for the protection of children in armed conflict, including those contained in the Geneva Conventions of 12th August 1949 and the Additional Protocols of 1977 as well as in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on the involvement of Children in armed conflict, welcoming the steps taken by a number of Member States to make commitments to protect children affected by armed conflict, including the ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, |
表示注意到关于儿童与武装冲突问题的现有各项国际和区域举措，包括 2007年在巴黎举行的关于保护儿童免遭武装部队或武装团体非法招募和使用的国际会议和 2017 年在巴黎举行的后续会议以及在两次会议上所作承诺、《非洲儿童权利与福利宪章》以及保护教育免受攻击国际日纪念活动， | Taking note of ongoing international and regional initiatives on Children and Armed Conflict, including the international conference held in Paris in 2007 on protecting children from unlawful recruitment or use by armed forces or armed groups and the follow-up conference held in Paris in 2017, and the commitments during the conferences, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, and the commemoration of the International Day to Protect Education from attacks, |
表示注意到为促使教育活动在武装冲突中得以继续而作出的努力，包括已认可《安全学校宣言》的会员国的努力， | Taking note of efforts aimed at facilitating the continuation of education in armed conflict, including the efforts of Member States that have endorsed the Safe Schools Declaration, |
1. 强烈谴责一切违反适用的国际法的行为，诸如武装冲突各方招募和使用儿童及重新招募儿童入伍，杀害和残伤儿童，对儿童实施强奸和其他形式的性暴力，绑架儿童，袭击学校和医院，武装冲突各方拒绝给予人道主义援助准入，以及其他所有违反国际法，包括违反国际人道法、人权法和难民法的行为，强烈谴责在武装冲突局势中践踏儿童人权的行为，要求所有相关当事方立即停止这些行为，采取特别措施保护儿童； | 1. Strongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment, killing and maiming, rape and other forms of sexual violence, abductions, attacks against schools and hospitals as well as denial of humanitarian access by parties to armed conflict and all other violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, as well as human rights abuses committed against children in situations of armed conflict and demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures to protect children; |
2. 强烈谴责违反国际人道法对学校以及儿童和教师等与学校有关联平民的不断袭击和袭击威胁，敦促武装冲突所有当事方立即停止此类袭击和袭击威胁，避免采取妨碍受教育机会的行动； | 2. Strongly condemns the continued attacks as well as threats of attacks that are in contravention of international humanitarian law against schools and c ivilians connected with schools, including children and teachers, and urges all parties to armed conflict to immediately cease such attacks and threats of attacks and to refrain from actions that impede access to education; |
3. 促请各方保障、保护、尊重和促进受教育权，包括在武装冲突中，重申受教育权对实现和平与安全的贡献，强调教育对个人和社会具有宝贵作用，包括作为拯救生命的安全场所，承认在武装冲突局势中提供和保护教育以及便利教育得以继续仍应是国际社会和会员国的一个重要优先事项，在此方面敦促会员国、联合国机构和民间社会特别考虑到女童平等接受教育的问题； | 3. Calls on all parties to safeguard, protect, respect, and promote the right to education, including in armed conflict, and reaffirms its contribution to the achievement of peace and security, and emphasizes the invaluable role that education has for individuals and society including as life-saving safe spaces and acknowledges that providing and protecting as well as facilitating the continuation of education in armed conflict should remain a key priority for the international community and Member States, and in this regard urges Member States, United Nations bodies and civil society to take specifically into account girls’ equal access to education; |
4. 敦促会员国制定有效措施，防止和应对针对学校和教育设施的袭击和袭击威胁，并酌情建立国内法律框架，确保遵守适用的相关国际法律义务，鼓励会员国在联合国相关实体支持下确保国内战略框架酌情包括在武装冲突期间和冲突后阶段防止袭击和威胁袭击学校、确保学校以及儿童和教师等与学校有关联平民得到保护的全面措施； | 4. Urges Member States to develop effective measures to prevent and address attacks and threats of attacks against schools and education facilities, and, as appropriate, develop domestic legal frameworks to ensure respect for their relevant international legal obligations as applicable to them, and encourages Member States to ensure that national strategic frameworks include, as appropriate, comprehensive measures to prevent attacks and threats of attacks against schools and ensure the protection of schools and civilians connected with schools, including children and teachers during armed conflict as well as in post-conflict phases, with the support of relevant United Nations entities; |
5. 着重指出联合国、区域组织和次区域组织必须协调防止针对受武装冲突影响儿童的侵害行为，包括协助国家主管当局制定和建立在武装冲突局势中保护学校和继续受教育机会的适当战略，并确保这些战略能够加强政治、安全、人权、发展和法治活动之间的一致性，而这些活动的主要责任仍在于会员国； | 5. Underlines the importance of coordination between the United Nations, regional and subregional organisations in preventing violations and abuses against children affected by armed conflict, including supporting national authorities to develop and establish appropriate strategies for the protection of schools and continued access to education in situations of armed conflict, as well as to ensure that these strategies strengthen coherence between political, security, human rights, development and rule of law activities, which remain the primary responsibility of Member States; |
6. 谴责违反国际法把学校置于军事用途的行为，确认武装部队和武装团体的这种做法可能使学校成为合法的袭击目标，由此危及儿童和教师的安全以及儿童教育，为此： | 6. Condemns the military use of schools in contravention of international law, and recognizes that use by armed forces and armed groups may render schools legitimate targets of attack, thus endangering children’s and teachers’ safety as well as their education, and in this regard: |
(a) 敦促武装冲突所有当事方根据国际人道法尊重学校和教育设施的民用性质； | (a) Urges all parties to armed conflict to respect the civilian character of schools and educational facilities in accordance with international humanitarian law; |
(b) 鼓励会员国酌情采取具体措施，减少和避免武装部队使用学校，遏止武装团体使用学校，便利教育在武装冲突局势中得以继续； | (b) Encourages Member States to take concrete measures to mitigate and avoid the use of schools by armed forces, as appropriate, and deter the use of schools by armed groups, and to facilitate the continuation of education in situations of armed conflict; |
(c) 促请联合国国家一级团队加强监测和报告把学校置于军事用途的行为； | (c) Calls upon United Nations country-level task forces to enhance the monitoring and reporting on the military use of schools; |
7. 促请会员国确保本国武装部队和安全部队在国内法规定的各自职权范围内采取切实可行措施，把便利获得受教育机会和使教育得以继续、保护学校以及儿童和教师等与学校有关联平民纳入行动的规划和实施，包括避免违反国际法将学校用于军事目的； | 7. Calls upon Members States to ensure that their armed forces and security forces, within their respective competencies under domestic law, take practical measures for facilitating access to and the continuation of education and the protection of schools and civilians connected to schools, including children and teachers into the planning and conduct of their operations, including through refraining from using schools for military purposes in contravention of international law; |
8. 谴责武装冲突中针对儿童和教师等与学校有关联平民实施的违反国际法、包括违反国际人道法行为和侵害践踏行为未得到追责，谴责违反国际人道法袭击和威胁袭击学校和教育设施的行为，这进而有可能助长这些行为再次发生；敦促会员国确保调查此类侵害行为，确保对行为人予以应有的起诉； | 8. Condemns the lack of accountability for violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, and for abuses, committed against civilians connected to schools, including children and teachers, in armed conflict, and condemns attacks and threats of attacks against schools and educational facilities in contravention of international humanitarian law, which in turn may contribute to the recurrence of these acts; and urges Member States to ensure that such violations are investigated and those responsible duly prosecuted; |
9. 鼓励受武装冲突影响的会员国立即采取措施，修复、修缮或替换受到袭击的学校，恢复儿童安全去学校上学的机会，强调必须保护和支持在这方面发挥重要作用的教师，呼吁联合国相关实体以及国际和区域机构继续应要求协助会员国； | 9. Encourages Member States affected by armed conflict to take immediate measures to rehabilitate, repair, or replace schools that have been subject to attack and restore children’s safe access to schools, emphasizing the importance of protecting and supporting teachers, who play an important role in this regard, and calls for the continued support of relevant United Nations entities, as well as international and regional bodies, in assisting Member States, upon request; |
10. 促请会员国保护学校，使之成为免于一切形式暴力的场所，指出女童可能因为受教育而成为袭击的目标受害者，这可能导致绑架、强奸和其他形式性暴力等其他严重侵害行为，敦促会员国采取措施，解决女童平等享有受教育权的问题； | 10. Calls upon Member States to protect schools as spaces free from all forms of violence, noting that girls may be the intended victims of attack on their education, which can lead to serious violations such as abduction and rape and other forms of sexual violence, and urges Member States to take steps to address girls’ equal enjoyment of their right to education; |
11. 促请会员国制止和预防冲突各方违背义务招募和重新招募儿童的行为，特别是为此而在冲突地区提供安全环境下的优质教育，在这方面注意到记录到的被招募和使用的男童人数尤其之多； | 11. Calls upon member states to halt and prevent recruitment and re-recruitment of children contrary to the obligations of parties to conflict, through, inter alia, quality education provided in a safe environment in conflict areas, noting the particularly high recorded numbers of boys being subject to recruitment and use in this regard; |
12. 敦促会员国向那些受到违反国际法袭击学校或将学校置于军事用途等行为影响的儿童，包括境内流离失所儿童、正在接受重返社会援助的儿童、难民和残疾儿童等处境脆弱儿童，以及向教师和其他与学校有关联的有权受保护人员 | 12. Urges Member States to provide necessary protection and assistance to children including those in vulnerable situations such as internally displaced persons, children undergoing reintegration assistance, refugees and children with disabilities, teachers and other persons entitled to protection who are connected to schools affected by attacks on schools, or by the military use of schools in contravention of international law; |
13. 着重指出，为确保有效满足受武装冲突影响的残疾儿童的具体需要，必须向其提供可持续、及时、适当、包容、无障碍的援助，包括重返社会、康复和心理社会支持，鼓励会员国采取适当措施，确保在武装冲突背景下能够平等接受教育； | 13. Underlines the importance of providing sustainable, timely, appropriate, inclusive and accessible assistance to children with disabilities who are affected by armed conflict, including reintegration, rehabilitation, and psychosocial support, to ensure that their specific needs are effectively addressed, and encourages Member States to take appropriate measures to ensure access to education on an equal basis provided in the context of armed conflict; |
14. 促请会员国在本国管辖范围内采取必要步骤，为难民和流离失所儿童继续接受教育提供援助，以实现其受教育权，并促请国家、区域和国际伙伴提供适当资金和专门支持，协助努力在学校中包容难民； | 14. Calls on Member States to take necessary steps, within their national jurisdictions, to provide assistance for the continuation of education for re fugee and displaced children in realizing their right to education, and calls on national, regional, and international partners to support efforts for including refugees into schools with adequate financing and specialized support; |
15. 强调指出武装冲突引发的人道主义紧急情况和被迫流离失所对儿童的精神卫生和心理健康造成有害影响；还强调指出必须为人道危机背景下的精神卫生和心理社会方案规划工作提供长期可持续的资金，确保受影响人员得到及时、充分的支持，鼓励会员国、捐助方和有关各方把精神卫生和心理社会服务纳入所有人道主义应对措施； | 15. Stresses the deleterious effects of humanitarian emergencies and forced displacement due to armed conflict on the mental health and psychological wellbeing of children; and further stresses the importance of long-term and sustainable funding for mental health and psychosocial programming in humanitarian contexts and ensuring that those who are affected receive timely and sufficient support, and encourages Member States, donors, and relevant parties to integrate mental health and psychosocial services in all humanitarian responses; |
16. 强调会员国有必要便利教育在武装冲突期间得以继续，包括在可行情况下采用远程学习和数字技术，在这方面鼓励会员国利用在 2019 冠状病毒病期间实施教育对策所采取的创新之举和取得的经验教训，推动采用网课解决方案，包括开展数字化学习以及培育数字素养和数字技能，从而便利教育在武装冲突中得以继续，包括在学校遭受袭击的情况下； | 16. Emphasizes the need for Member States to facilitate continuation of education during armed conflict, including, when feasible, through distance learning and digital technology, and in this regard encourages Member States to promote the adoption of remote learning solutions, including digital learning, literacy, and skills to facilitate continuity of education in armed conflict by utilizing the innovations and lessons learned during the COVID-19 education response, including when schools are subject to attack; |
17. 鼓励会员国和联合国相关机构以及区域和国际伙伴加强协调、合作和增加投资，支持武装冲突环境下的远程学习设施、数字素养和教育工作，以及数字基础设施和技术、相关技能和辅助基础设施，以弥合各区域之间和区域内的数字鸿沟，同时确保个人数据得到保护，继续为数字解决方案无法帮助到的人们提供替代办法； | 17. Encourages Member States and relevant United Nations agencies as well as regional and international partners to strengthen coordination, cooperation, and investment in support of distance learning facilities, digital literacy and education in armed conflict, as well as digital infrastructure and technology, relevant skills and supporting infrastructure, to close the digital divide across and within regions, while ensuring the protection of personal data and continuing to provide alternatives for those not reached by digital solutions; |
18. 再次促请秘书长关于儿童与武装冲突的报告附件所列武装冲突各方中尚未拟订和执行相关行动计划的各方，在联合国支持下毫不拖延地拟订和执行此类行动计划，以预防和制止违反国际人道法袭击和威胁袭击学校和与学校有关联的有权受保护人员等行为； | 18. Reiterates its call on parties to armed conflict listed in the annexes of the Secretary-General’s report on children and armed conflict that have not already done so to prepare and implement, with support of the United Nations, without further delay, action plans to prevent and halt attacks or threats of attacks on schools and persons entitled to protection who are connected to schools, in contravention of international humanitarian law; |
19. 鼓励秘书长与其负责儿童与武装冲突问题特别代表、联合国儿童基金会以及联合国相关机构和儿童保护行为体一起总结关于儿童与武装冲突方面任务的经验教训和最佳做法，包括在武装冲突中保护教育和使教育得以继续、地方和社区旨在保护学校和确保儿童安全的举措以及防止把学校置于军事用途等方面，并在秘书长的相关报告中予以介绍； | 19. Encourages the Secretary-General, together with his Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict, UNICEF, and relevant United Nations bodies and child protection actors, to carry out and include in his relevant reporting lessons learned and best practices on the children and armed conflict mandate, including the protection and continuation of education in armed conflict, local and community-based initiatives to protect schools and ensure that children are safe, and the prevention of the military use of schools; |
20. 强调指出必须经常、及时审议武装冲突中侵害虐待儿童行为的问题，在这方面欢迎儿童与武装冲突问题工作组持续开展活动，邀请工作组充分利用其任务范围内的工具促进对受武装冲突影响儿童的保护，包括结合当前关于加强合规的讨论，更多与相关会员国互动； | 20. Stresses the importance of regular and timely consideration of violations and abuses committed against children in armed conflict, in this regard welcomes the sustained activity of its Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict, and invites the Working Group to make full use of tools within its mandate to promote the protection of children affected by armed conflict, including through increasing engagement with concerned Member States in light of ongoing discussions on enhancing compliance; |
21. 请会员国、负责儿童与武装冲突问题秘书长特别代表办公室、联合国维持和平特派团和政治任务以及联合国国家工作队并促请区域和次区域机构在各自任务范围内并与有关国家政府密切合作，确定适当的战略和协调机制，以便就便利获得受教育机会和使教育得以继续以及保护和防止学校遭到袭击等问题交流信息和开展合作，同时铭记安全理事会第 1612(2005)号决议第 2(d)段以及安全理事会儿童与武装冲突问题工作组的相关结论； | 21. Requests Member States, the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, United Nations peacekeeping and political missions and United Nations country teams, and calls on regional and subregional bodies, within their respective mandates and in close cooperation with the Governments of the countries concerned, to establish appropriate strategies and coordination mechanisms for information exchange and cooperation relating to facilitating access to and the continuation of education as well as the protection and prevention of attacks against schools, bearing in mind paragraph 2 (d) of its resolution 1612 (2005) and relevant conclusions by the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict; |
22. 确认联合国维持和平行动和政治任务在保护儿童方面的作用，特别是儿童保护顾问在将儿童保护纳入特派团工作主流以及在领导监测、预防和报告工作方面的重要作用，为此重申安理会决定继续在联合国所有相关维持和平行动和政治任务的授权任务中列入保护儿童的具体规定，鼓励在这些特派团部署儿童保护顾问，促请秘书长确保在每个联合国维持和平行动和政治任务的筹备阶段及延长任务期时系统评估儿童保护顾问的必要性以及人数和作用，确保以透明方式快速征聘儿童保护顾问，一旦任命后迅速部署并妥善配以资源，鼓励联合国秘书处，包括和平行动部及政治和建设和平事务部，在向安理会通报具体国家局势时考虑到儿童保护问题； | 22. Recognizes the role of United Nations peacekeeping operations and political missions in the protection of children, particularly the crucial role of child protection advisers in mainstreaming child protection and leading monitoring, prevention and reporting efforts in missions, and in this regard reiterates its decision to continue the inclusion of specific provisions for the protection of children in the mandates of all relevant United Nations peacekeeping operations and political missions, encourages deployment of child protection advisers to such missions, and calls upon the Secretary-General to ensure that the need for and the number and roles of such advisers are systematically assessed during the preparation and renewal of each United Nations peacekeeping operation and political mission, and that they are speedily recruited, expeditiously deployed, and properly resourced where appointed, in a transparent manner, and encourages the United Nations Secretariat, including DPO and DPPA, to take into account child protection when briefing the Council on country-specific situations; |
23. 着重指出，必须就各特派团具体的儿童保护问题，包括袭击学校的问题，以及就适当、全面的预防和保护对策，对军事、警务和文职维和人员进行充分的 | 23. Underlines the importance of providing military, police and civilian peacekeepers, with adequate pre-deployment and in-mission training on mission specific child protection issues, including on attacks on schools, and on appropriate comprehensive prevention and protection responses; |
24. 促请会员国和捐助方并鼓励所有相关机构继续考虑根据评估确定的需求相应增加用于确保教育在武装冲突中得以继续的捐助，以此确保提供适当、及时、可预测、灵活、基于需求的资源； | 24. Calls upon Member States and donors, and encourages all concerned institutions to consider increasing their contributions to ensuring continuation of education in armed conflict, based on and in proportion to assessed needs, as a means of ensuring adequate, timely, predictable, flexible and needs-based resources; |
25. 呼吁给予人道主义工作人员和医务人员及其设备、运输工具和用品全面、安全、立即和畅通无阻的人道主义援助准入，以便除其他外，酌情便利 2019冠状病毒病疫苗接种，因为这对教育得以继续至关重要，呼吁确保这些人道主义和医务人员的保护和安全保障，为此敦促所有各方保护民用基础设施，这对于在武装冲突和复杂人道主义紧急情况等局势中交付人道主义援助用于提供与疫苗接种和相关医疗保健有关的必要服务、从而便利及时恢复教育至关重要； | 25. Calls for full, safe, and unhindered humanitarian access, without delay, for humanitarian personnel and medical personnel, their equipment, transport and supplies, in order to facilitate, inter alia, COVID-19 vaccinations, as appropriate, as it is critical for the continuation of education and calls for the protection, safety, and security of such humanitarian and medical personnel, and in this regard urges all parties to protect civilian infrastructure which is critical to the delivery of humanitarian aid for essential services concerning vaccinations and related medical care, in order to facilitate timely return to education in situations of armed conflicts and complex humanitarian emergencies; |
26. 强调人类大家庭的统一、共同渊源和团结，强调面对 2019 冠状病毒病疫情这一共同威胁有必要加大国际协作力度，确认 2019 冠状病毒病疫情以及获得疫苗机会不公平加剧了在武装冲突中获得受教育机会和使教育得以继续方面的现有不平等；承认 2019 冠状病毒病疫情对武装冲突局势中所有儿童当前和未来受教育机会造成短期、中期和长期不利影响；要求在武装冲突中促进受教育机会时适当考虑采取各种措施，特别是使全球能够公平获得高质量、安全、有效和可负担的诊断工具、治疗用品、药品和疫苗、基本卫生技术及其组件以及 2019 冠状病毒病防治设备； | 26. Emphasizes the unity, common origin and solidarity of humanity, and the need for intensified international collaboration in the face of the common threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, and recognizes that the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the inequitable access to vaccines have exacerbated existing inequalities in access to education and the continuation of education in armed conflict; acknowledges the adverse short, medium and long term negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the present and future of access to education in armed conflict for all children; requests that measures, inter alia by enabling equitable global access to quality, safe, efficacious and affordable diagnostics, therapeutics, medicines and vaccines, and essential health technologies, and their components, as well as equipment for the COVID-19 response, are duly accounted for in facilitating access to education in armed conflict; |
27. 还要求为确保在武装冲突中平等获得受教育机会和使教育得以继续而紧急采取预防和纠正措施，确认教育对和平与安全前景发挥重要作用； | 27. Further requests that preventative and corrective measures be urgently undertaken to ensure equal access to education and the continuation of education in armed conflict, and recognises the essential role of education for the prospects of peace and security; |
23 December 2015ChineseOriginal: English20116 250116 | GE.15-22770(E) |
*1522770* | *1522770* |
人权理事会第三十一届会议 | Thirty-first session |
议程项目 2 | Agenda item 2 |
联合国人权事务高级专员的年度报告以及高级专员办事处的报告和秘书长的报告 | Annual reportof the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General |
高级专员办事处的报告和秘书长的报告联合国人权事务高级专员的年度报告 | Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |
一. 导言 | I. Introduction |
1. 本报告根据大会第 48/141 号决议提交，概述 2014 年 12 月至 2015 年 11 月期间联合国人权事务高级专员办事处(人权高专办)遵循“秘书长战略框架”之方案 20和人权高专办“2014-2017 年管理计划”中的优先专题开展的工作。 | 1. The present report, submitted pursuant to General Assembly resolution 48/141, gives an overview of the work of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) from December 2014 to November 2015, as guided by programme 20 of the Strategic Framework of the Secretary General and the thematic priorities indicated in the OHCHR Management Plan for 2014-2017. |
2. 截至 2015 年 11 月 1 日，人权高专办支持着 64 个驻地机构，其中布隆迪和汉城的办事处为新设办事处，1 还同洪都拉斯政府签署了 2015 年底之前在该国设办事处的协议。科索沃2 和多哥办事处于 2015 年上半年关闭。 | 2. As at 1 November 2015, OHCHR was supporting 64 field presences, including new offices in Burundi and in Seoul, 1 and signed an agreement with the Government of Honduras to establish an office in that country by the end of 2015. The Kosovo2 and Togo offices were closed in the first half of 2015. |
3. 报告所述期间，联合国人权事务高级专员访问了美利坚合众国、突尼斯、布隆迪、大韩民国、中非共和国、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国、瑞士、瑞典、墨西哥和巴西。人权事务副高级专员访问了哥伦比亚，主管人权事务助理秘书长访问了阿富汗、前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国、乌克兰、索马里和南苏丹，还随秘书长带领的代表团出访中亚、爱尔兰和尼日利亚。 | 3. During the period under review, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights visited the United States of America, Tunisia, Burundi, the Republic of Korea, the Central African Republic, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Switzerland, Sweden, Mexico and Brazil. The Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights visited Colombia and the Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights visited Afghanistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Ukraine, Somalia and South Sudan, in addition to undertaking missions to Central Asia, Ireland and Nigeria as part of a delegation headed by the Secretary-General. |
4. 2015 年联合国成立七十周年之际召开的四大峰会确立了可持续发展、减少灾害风险和控制气候变化的国际合作框架，联合国也承诺提供资源。这几次峰会展现了 | 4. In 2015, the United Nations celebrated its seventieth anniversary with four major summits that laid down the framework for international cooperation for sustainable development, disaster risk reduction and keeping climate change in check — and 1 As mandated by the Human Rights Council to strengthen monitoring and documentation of the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. 2 References to Kosovo are to be understood in the context of Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) and without prejudice to the status of Kosovo. |
风险和控制气候变化的国际合作框架，联合国也承诺提供资源。这几次峰会展现了 | United Nations A/HRC/31/3 |
风险和控制气候变化的国际合作框架，联合国也承诺提供资源。这几次峰会展现了国际社会合力为全球问题找到解决方案的能力，并说明人权已被广泛认可为可持续发展的一大支柱。 | committed itself to making resources available. Those summits showed the international community’s ability to come together to identify solutions to global problems and illustrated that human rights are widely recognized as constituting a pillar of sustainable development. |
5. 与此同时，侵犯人权现象并未消减。往往由根深蒂固的歧视、长期以来的排斥模式和各项自由缺失导致的越来越多的冲突和暴力局势仍在困扰着世界许多地方。种族主义和仇恨言论在全球多处抬头并且通常对政治有所影响。 | 5. At the same time, human rights violations continued unabated. A growing number of conflicts and situations of violence, often resulting from deep-rooted discrimination, long-standing patterns of exclusion and lack of freedoms, continued to haunt many parts of the world. In many places across the planet, racism and hate speech were on the rise, often finding their way into politics. |
6. 按照政府间机构 2015 年赋予的新任务，人权高专办需要开展监督、调查、报告并增加技术援助，同时，在安全、发展和人道主义领域尤其是“人权先行”举措产生的与联合国系统的伙伴密切接触，“人权先行”举措产生的新任务尤其要求加大努力。复杂人权挑战背景下，这些要求更凸显出，人权高专办需增加资源以充分履行任务。 | 6. In 2015, new mandates from intergovernmental bodies called for OHCHR to monitor, investigate, report and increase technical assistance, while intensified engagement with United Nations system partners in the security, development and humanitarian fields, in particular those arising from the Human Rights Up Front initiative required additional efforts. Those demands, in a context of complex human rights challenges, underscore the need to increase OHCHR resources so that the Office can adequately fulfil its mandate. |
A. 加强国际人权机制 | A. Strengthening international human rights mechanisms |
7. 人权机制和人权高专办在总部和实地的工作促进了防止、预警和保护的努力。扩展规范框架以改善保护的方式仍在得到探索。 | 7. The work of human rights mechanisms and OHCHR, both at headquarters and in the field, contributed to prevention, early warning and protection efforts. Ways to extend the normative framework so as to enhance protection continued to be explored. |
8. 尽管一直资源有限，人权高专办为所有机制提供了支持并力求加大各机制之间的合作。人权高专办通过制定全球指标和世界版图便利获取关于各国的承诺及同国际人权机制合作情况的信息。3 人权高专办与国际人权机制协作开发的人权指标方 | 8. Despite persisting resource constraints, OHCHR provided support to all mechanisms and sought to intensify cooperation among them. Through the compilation of global indicators and world maps, OHCHR contributed to making information on States’ commitments and cooperation with international human rights mechanisms more accessible. |
际人权机制合作情况的信息。3 人权高专办与国际人权机制协作开发的人权指标方法学日益得到认可，成为落实人权机制建议的重要工具和良好做法。人权高专办在以下国家就这些指标为国家利益攸关方开展了培训：萨尔瓦多、危地马拉、洪都拉斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦和突尼斯。 | 3 The human rights indicators methodology developed by OHCHR, in collaboration with international human rights mechanisms, was increasingly recognized as an essential tool and a good practice in the implementation of recommendations of human rights mechanisms. OHCHR conducted training on indicators for national stakeholders in many countries, including in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Tunisia. |
1. 条约机构 | 1. Treaty bodies |
9. 2015 年，人权高专办按大会第 68/268 号决议获准增加会议时间，从而得以协助条约机构审议了 173 个缔约国的报告并就 160 多份个人来文通过意见和决定、协助防止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇或处罚小组委员会进行了八次国别访问。多数委员会因此减少了报告积压。简化报告程序也为所有委员会采纳。 | 9. In 2015, benefiting from the additional meeting time allowed under General Assembly resolution 68/268, OHCHR facilitated the review by treaty bodies of 173 State party reports, the adoption of views and decisions on more than 160 individual communications and eight country visits by the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Consequently, most committees reduced their reporting backlogs. The simplified reporting procedure was also adopted by all committees. |
10. 经济、社会和文化权利委员会首次就一份个人来文通过意见，儿童权利委员会收到了其来文程序之下的第一份申诉。 | 10. The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights adopted its first views on an individual communication and the Committee on the Rights of the Child received its first complaints under its communications procedure. |
11. 登记的个人来文数量由 2013 年的 170 份增至 2015 年的 250 份，《保护所有人免遭强迫失踪国际公约》紧急行动程序登记的请求数量从 2014 年的 50 份增至 2015年的 200 多份，是原来的四倍。指控侵犯人权行为的个人积极运用条约机构是积极现象，但需有充足资源相配，以免长期延迟。人权高专办启动了条约机构判例法在线数据库(http://juris.ohchr.org/)，并努力确保网络直播所有的条约机构会议。 | 11. The number of registered individual communications increased from 170 in 2013 to 250 in 2015, while the number of requests registered under the urgent action procedure of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced 3 See http://indicators.ohchr.org. Disappearance quadrupled, from 50 in 2014 to over 200 in 2015. The active use of treaty bodies by individuals alleging human rights violations is positive but needs to be matched with adequate resources to avoid long delays. OHCHR launched an online treaty body case law database (http://juris.ohchr.org/) and worked to ensure the webcasting of all treaty body sessions. |
12. 各位条约机构主席在哥斯达黎加举行的第二十七届年度会议上提出了同美洲人权委员会加强合作的建议，并欢迎哥斯达黎加关于对条约机构体系的未来进行学术思考的呼吁。各位主席还支持针对恐吓或报复的准则(《圣何塞准则》) 并建议所有条约机构通过该准则，有些条约机构已这样做。 | 12. At their twenty-seventh annual meeting, held in Costa Rica, the Chairs of the treaty bodies formulated proposals for strengthened cooperation with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and welcomed the call by Costa Rica for an academic process of reflection on the future of the treaty body system. The Chairs also endorsed the Guidelines against Intimidation or Reprisals (the San José Guidelines) and recommended them for adoption by all treaty bodies, some of which have meanwhile done so. |
13. 人权高专办逐步推行大会第 68/268 号决议制定的条约机构能力建设方案，为此在 40 多个国家开展了国家层面的活动。已开展国家报告和后续机制研究并编写了实践指南。首次面向政府官员的培训者区域培训在太平洋 (萨摩亚)、加勒比区域和美洲英语国家(巴巴多斯)举行。 | 13. OHCHR rolled out the treaty body capacity-building programme created through General Assembly resolution 68/268, with national-level activities in over 40 countries. A study and practical guide on national mechanisms for reporting and follow-up was developed. The first subregional training-of-trainers events for government officials took place for the Pacific (in Samoa) and the Caribbean and English-speaking Americas (in Barbados). |
14. 人权高专办为《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》通过五十周年、《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》通过二十五周年举行了庆祝活动。高级专员启动了为期一年的纪念两公约通过五十周年的纪念活动，口号是“我们的权利与自由长存”。 | 14. OHCHR celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and the twenty-fifth anniversary of the adoption of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. The High Commissioner launched the year-long celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the two covenants under the slogan “Our rights. Our freedoms. Always.” |
2. 人权理事会 | 2. Human Rights Council |
15. 2015 年，按人权理事会规定的任务，人权高专办继续支持三个调查委员会 (阿拉伯叙利亚共和国、被占领巴勒斯坦领土和厄立特里亚)，在斯里兰卡，伊拉克和利比亚以及就与博科哈拉姆组织相关的侵犯行为开展了调查并派出了实况调查团，还向南苏丹派出了人权评估特派团。尽管行动面临挑战，得出的报告已成为独立、公正、权威的参考。 | 15. In 2015, as mandated by the Human Rights Council, OHCHR continued to support three commissions of inquiry (on the Syrian Arab Republic, the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Eritrea) and conducted investigations and fact-finding missions on Sri Lanka, Iraq and Libya, as well as Boko Haram-related abuses, and carried out a human rights assessment mission to South Sudan. Despite operational challenges, the resulting reports represent independent, impartial and authoritative references. |
16. 人权高专办就以下议题组织了专题小组讨论：死刑、气候变化、恐怖主义对享有人权和基本自由的影响，单方面强制性措、儿童权利、妇女权利、所有女童享有受教育权、全球的种族歧视，善治的人权方针、世界土著人民大会后续工作。两性均等是 2015 年 9 月关于性别公平观纳入人权理事会工作的年度讨论的重点。世界毒品问题对人权的影响首次成为小组讨论议题。人权高专办还就人权标准用于武器贸易条约等问题组织了多次边会。 | 16. OHCHR organized panel discussions, including on the death penalty, climate change, the effects of terrorism on the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms, unilateral coercive measures, the rights of the child, women’s rights, the right to education for every girl, racial discrimination worldwide, a human-rights approach to good governance and follow-up to the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples. The annual discussion on the integration of a gender perspective in the work of the Human Rights Council, in September 2015, focused on gender parity. For the first time, the impact of the world drug problem on human rights was the subject of a panel. OHCHR also organized a number of side events, for example on the application of human rights criteria to the Arms Trade Treaty. |
17. 人权理事会关于移徙者的人权问题的互动对话有所提升，就 2015 年后发展议程的谈判情况进行了一次对话，同副秘书长和高级专员举行了非正式会谈。 | 17. The Human Rights Council held an enhanced interactive dialogue on the human rights of migrants and a dialogue on the status of negotiations on the post-2015 development agenda, and held informal conversations with the Deputy Secretary-General and the High Commissioner. |
18. 18 位政府官员获支助最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家参与人权理事会工作的自愿技术援助信托基金的资助，参加了理事会会议。 | 18. The Voluntary Technical Assistance Trust Fund to Support the Participation of Least Developed Countries and Small Island Developing States in the Work of the Human Rights Council covered the participation of 18 government officials in Council sessions. |
3. 特别程序 | 3. Special procedures |
19. 人权理事会新设立两个专题特别程序任务：白化病患者享有人权问题和隐私权。该决定使人权高专办支持的特别程序任务数量达到 55 个(41 个专题任务，14 个国别任务)。 | 19. The Human Rights Council established two new thematic special procedure mandates: on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism and on the right to privacy. The decision brought the number of special procedure mandates assisted by OHCHR to 55 (41 thematic and 14 country-specific situations). |
20. 2014 年 12 月 1 日至 2015 年 11 月 30 日，人权高专办支持特别程序任务负责人对 60 个国家及领土进行了 83 次国别访问。任务负责人共向 122 个国家发出 524份来文 (其中 439 份联合来文)，涉及至少 810 名个人，其中 157 名妇女。2015 年，特别程序任务负责人向人权理事会提交报告 130 多份，向大会提交报告 39 份，发布新闻稿和公开声明 300 多份。 | 20. From 1 December 2014 to 30 November 2015, OHCHR supported 83 country visits by special procedure mandate holders to 60 States and territories. The mandate holders issued a total of 524 communications to 122 States (439 were joint communications), covering at least 810 individuals, including 157 women. In 2015, special procedure mandate holders submitted over 130 reports to the Human Rights Council, 39 to the General Assembly and issued over 300 news releases and public statements. |
21. 任务负责人借助人权高专办的支持，单独及通过特别程序协调委员会参加了人权理事会的工作，参与了《2030 年可持续发展议程》的拟定，包括其中的可持续发展目标，还就气候变化、难民和移徙者处境及日益增加的监管和确保非国家行为者问责的需求问题开展了相关倡导活动。 | 21. Through the Coordination Committee of Special Procedures and individually, with OHCHR support, mandate holders participated in the work of the Human Rights Council, contributed to shaping the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the Sustainable Development Goals, and conducted advocacy in relation to climate change, to the situation of refugees and migrants and to the increasing need to regulate and ensure accountability of non-State actors. |
22. 成员国的合作对任务负责人履行任务的能力至关重要。高级专员欣见各国(包括一个观察员国家)发出的长期访问邀请数量增至 115 个。过去几年中，167 个国家(86.5%) 接受了国别访问请求并接待了至少一位到访的特别程序任务负责人。 | 22. Cooperation by Member States is critical to the ability of mandate holders to fulfil their mandates. The High Commissioner is pleased that the number of standing invitations by States for visits increased to 115 (including one observer State). Over the years, 167 States (86.5 per cent) have accepted requests for country visits and were visited by at least one special procedure mandate holder. |
4. 普遍定期审议 | 4. Universal periodic review |
23. 第二轮普遍定期审议继续开展，所有 42 个国家均按计划参加，重点是上一周期以来取得的进展。各国自愿提交了中期报告，说明建议的执行情况和相关挑战。 | 23. The second cycle of the universal periodic review continued with the participation of all 42 States as scheduled, focusing on progress made since the previous cycle. States provided voluntary midterm reports on the status of implementation of recommendations and related challenges. |
24. 为支持受审议国，人权高专办借助财政和技术援助自愿信托基金等方式资助21 位代表参加了(以代表或观察员身份)普遍定期审议工作组会议。人权高专办还协助来自 30 个国家的 97 人参加了在巴巴多斯、巴西和斐济举行的三次区域研讨会。同各国议会联盟及法语国家国际组织的伙伴关系，包括说明会、培训和区域研讨会等方式，强化了议员的认识和在普遍定期审议进程中的参与(资助了 14 位代表参会)。 | 24. OHCHR supported States under review, including through the Voluntary Trust Fund for Financial and Technical Assistance, by funding the travel of 21 delegates (as participants or observers) to the sessions of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review. OHCHR also facilitated the participation of 97 persons from 30 countries in three regional workshops, in Barbados, Brazil and Fiji. The partnership with the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the International Organization of la Francophonie strengthened parliamentarians’ awareness and involvement in the universal periodic review process (by funding the participation of 14 delegates), including through briefings, trainings and regional seminars. |
25. 人权理事会第 30/25 号决议鼓励各国强化国家后续体系和进程，据此决议，人权高专办借助财政和技术援助自愿信托基金等方式继续支持强化部际常设机制、制定国家执行规划、开发用于跟踪的数据库的工作。良好做法记录水平有所提高，技术合作请求随之增加。这意味着需要扩大自愿信托基金的供资基础，以满足日益增长的需求。 | 25. In accordance with Human Rights Council resolution 30/25, in which the Council encouraged States to strengthen national follow-up systems and processes, OHCHR continued to support, including through the Voluntary Trust Fund for Financial and Technical Assistance, the strengthening of standing interministerial structures and the development of national implementation plans and databases for tracking purposes. Enhanced documentation of good practices resulted in increasing requests for technical cooperation. This means that the funding base of the Voluntary Trust Fund needs to be expanded to meet growing demand. |
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