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5384393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubi%C5%A1nja | Ljubišnja | Ljubišnja () is a Dinaric mountain range of Montenegro, conventionally referred to as the highland of Montenegro, represents a major natural feature of the country alongside Tara Canyon, Draga Canyon and Montenegro.
Geography
It is situated in the extreme northwest of Montenegro, close to the Republika Srpska. The mountain rises between the rivers Ćehotina and Tara and borders on the massif of Durmitor. Maximum altitude is at the Dernečišta peak, while the lowest elevation is at valley Sandića Ubo in village of Bobovo wedged in the cliffs of two canyons the Tara Canyon on the southwest, and Draga Canyon on the left side of the valley of Ćehotina river.
The Ljubišnja mountain area is characterised by temperate mountainous coniferous forests, alpine meadows and pastures, cultivated fields, numerous ponds and springs. Widespread alpenrose the distinctive emblem of the village scattered on the plateau of Ljubišnja.
Picea forests dominate to alpine levels and temperate shrubs such as mountain pine, and alpenrose are widespread. The area occupies .
Gallery
See also
Pljevlja
Gradac, Pljevlja
Ćehotina
Tara (Drina)
Đurđevića Tara Bridge
Čelebići (Foča)
Foča
References
Literature
Sources
Geography of Montenegro
Pljevlja
Dinaric Alps
Mountain ranges of Montenegro
Tourism in Montenegro |
5384400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/409%20Tactical%20Fighter%20Squadron | 409 Tactical Fighter Squadron | 409 Tactical Fighter Squadron (French: ) is a unit of the Royal Canadian Air Force. The squadron operates the CF-18 Hornet from CFB Cold Lake in Alberta, Canada.
History
The cross-bow in front of the dark cloak represents a weapon used under cover of darkness to denote the squadron's original role as a night fighter squadron. The badge was officially approved in March 1944.
Second World War
No. 409 Nighthawk Squadron was formed at RAF Digby in June 1941 for night operations with Boulton-Paul Defiants, moving in July to RAF Coleby Grange, where, in August, Beaufighter IIf aircraft arrived, allowing detachments to be maintained elsewhere. Two victories were claimed during the early days of the squadron's existence, but in June 1942 Beaufighter Mark VI aircraft were received, and a greater degree of success was achieved. In February 1943 a move was made to Acklington, with detachments maintained in at least four other locations. In December a return to Coleby Grange was made, with the various detachments continuing their separate existences.
Little was seen during the year, but in March 1944 the squadron moved to Hunsdon, converting to the Mosquito Mk XII and joined No. 85 Group of the Second Tactical Air Force. Intruder and offensive patrols commenced, and much action was seen over the Normandy beachhead in June; 11 victories were claimed during this month. After some action against V-1 Flying Bombs, operations over Europe recommenced, and late in August the unit moved to Carpiquet in France, the first night fighters to be based on the mainland. By mid-October, the squadron had settled in the Lille area, where it was to remain until April 1945. On 19 April, a move was made to the Rhine in Germany, and from here the unit was able to claim six victories in a single night. Shortly after this the war ended with the total victories at claimed. The squadron's code letters during this period were KP.
Cold War
Re-established at RCAF Station Comox on 1 November 1954 providing air defence for Canada's west coast as part of NORAD. Initially equipped with the Canadian designed Avro CF-100 they converted to the CF-101 Voodoo in 1962. The squadron transferred to CFB Cold Lake in 1984 to convert to the CF-18 and then deployed to CFB Baden-Soellingen as part of Canada's NATO commitment. The squadron was then disbanded in 1991 with the withdrawal of Canadian Forces from Europe.
Operations
The squadron was briefly reformed back at Comox as a Combat Support Squadron (without aircraft) but was disbanded again. 409 Tactical Fighter Squadron was re-formed from the consolidation of 416 and 441 Tactical Fighter Squadrons on 6 July 2006 at CFB Cold Lake.
Battle honours
Defence of Britain 1941–44
Fortress Europe 1942–44
Normandy 1944
France and Germany 1944–45
Rhine 1945
Aircraft
Boulton Paul Defiant
Bristol Beaufighter
de Havilland Mosquito
Avro CF-100 Canuck
Canadair (Lockheed) CT-33 Silver Star
McDonnell Douglas CF-101 Voodoo
McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet
References
External links
Canadian Forces aircraft squadrons
Royal Canadian Air Force squadrons |
5384408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Einstein%20of%20Sex | The Einstein of Sex | The Einstein of Sex (also known as: The Einstein of Sex - Life and Work of Dr. M. Hirschfeld, German title: Der Einstein des Sex) is a 1999 German film directed by Rosa von Praunheim.
The film was shown at the Berlin International Film Festival and at the São Paulo International Film Festival in 2000, among others.
Plot
Rosa von Praunheim portrays a historical personality. Magnus Hirschfeld made a name for himself as a co-founder of sexology and a pioneer of the gay movement. In his Institut für Sexualwissenschaft in Berlin he fights for the impunity of homosexuality. In the 1930s he even gave lectures in the USA, but the Nazis condemned his educational work. His own homosexuality keeps getting him into trouble, too. When Hirschfeld finally went into exile in France, the Nazis destroyed his institute in Berlin.
Awards
1999: Nomination for the Golden Leopard at the Locarno Festival
Reception
The German magazine Spiegel wrote: "Rapid rise and early suffering, political furor and private disaster, told in a pleasingly conventional way against the political background of the Weimar Republic - a cinematic poetry album of upright feelings."
Notes
External links
1999 films
1990s biographical films
1999 LGBT-related films
German biographical films
Films directed by Rosa von Praunheim
Magnus Hirschfeld
Films set in Berlin
Gay-related films
Transgender-related films
Films set in the 1890s
Films set in the 1900s
Films set in the 1910s
Films set in the 1920s
Films set in the 1930s
Biographical films about physicians
German LGBT-related films
Biographical films about LGBT people
1990s German films |
5384419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njego%C5%A1%20Mountain | Njegoš Mountain | Njegoš (Montenegrin Cyrillic | Његош; ) is a mountain in Montenegro. This mountain is 1,725 meters high. It is east to northeast from Bileća, a town about northwest from Nikšić. The bigger part of this mountain is in vegetation, while the northern end is mostly barren.
The Petrović-Njegoš dynasty received its second name after this mountain.
Mountains of Montenegro
Petrović-Njegoš dynasty |
5384427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basseterre%20Valley | Basseterre Valley | The Basseterre Valley is a low-lying valley on the island of Saint Kitts, surrounded by the Canada Hills and Olivees Mountain. It contains Basseterre, the capital of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The valley has two rivers or ghauts named Westbourne Ghaut and College Ghaut.
The Basseterre Valley was occupied in 1627 by the French and populated. Now, Basseterre has suburbs such as Greenlands, Bird Rock, Taylor's Range and others. The valley has a harbour called Port Zante. It is reclaimed land from the sea. Port Zante is under more construction to be a state-of-the-art port facility, duty-free shopping malls, restaurants, and maybe a hotel.
References
Landforms of Saint Kitts and Nevis |
5384429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel%20Bich | Marcel Bich | Marcel Louis Michel Antoine Bich, baron Bich (; 29 July 1914 – 30 May 1994) was an Italian-born, French manufacturer and co-founder of Bic, the world's leading producer of ballpoint pens, lighters, and razors.
Early years
Bich was born in Turin, Italy on 29 July 1914 to Aimé-Mario Bich (1882–1955) and Marie Muffat de Saint-Amour de Chanaz (1886–1967). His family moved to Spain and then to France where Bich was naturalised as a French citizen in 1932 and later studied law at the University of Paris. He served in the French Air Force at the outset of World War II.
The Bich family originated at Châtillon, and earlier in the Valtournenche valley, in the Aosta Valley. King Charles Albert of Sardinia granted Emmanuel Bich, mayor of Aosta, the title of baron in 1841. That man's grandson, the father of Marcel Bich, Aimé-Mario Bich, was an engineer who moved to France after failing to gain commercial success in Italy.
Business success
In 1944, Marcel Bich and his partner, Édouard Buffard, bought an empty factory in the Paris suburb of Clichy, where they began the production of inexpensive pen holders and pencil cases.
Bich was originally a skeptic of ballpoint pens, which at the time were unreliable and leaked. In 1946, however, by observing the channel made by the wheel of his wheelbarrow in the ground, he understood the interest of the ballpoint pen. Just as the wheel made transporting items easier, the ball could allow the hand to be free from the constraints of the pen nib and make writing more fluid.
Marcel Bich bought the patent for the ballpoint pen for US $2 million from Hungarian László Bíró who had been producing such pens since 1943 in Argentina. Using Swiss watchmaking tools, he devised a manufacturing process that produced stainless-steel balls for the tip of the pen, and the Bic Cristal ballpoint pen became his first product in 1950. The Bic Cristal ballpoint pen went on to become a worldwide best-seller, and the design remains mostly unchanged today. Bich formed Société Bic in 1953.
Bich partnered with poster designer Raymond Savignac to create the company’s advertisements, who created the Bic Boy that later became part of the company’s official logo. Bic won the first French Oscar for advertising, sponsored the Tour de France, and became an essential item and a household name.
Between 1950 and the 1970s, Bic expanded globally, into Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland and Spain, followed by South America and North America.
In 1973, Bic introduced a disposable pocket lighter that could provide 3,000 lights before wearing out. In 1975, the brand released the one-piece polystyrene razor, the first single-piece disposable razor with an integrated blade and a lightweight plastic handle.
The company formed by Bich still exists as the Société Bic Group and is listed on the Paris Stock Exchange and majority-owned by his family.
Bich stepped down as Chairman of Societe Bic in 1993. He was succeeded by his son, Bruno, who served as Chairman for 25 years, 15 of which also as CEO. Marcel’s grandson Gonzalve Bich has been CEO since 2018.
Yacht racing and sailing
Bich was a keen sailor. He funded four campaigns to compete in the trials to select a challenger for the America's Cup in 1970, 1974, 1977 and 1980, and was inducted, posthumously, into the America's Cup Hall of Fame in 1998.
Personal
Bich was one of three children, he had a sister Marie Thérèse Louise Antoinette Léandra Bich (1913–1970) and brother Albert Bich (1916–1989).
He was married to Louise Chamussy in 1937. After her death in 1950 he went on to marry Jacqueline de Dufourq (1911–2007, divorced) and, in 1956, Laurence Courier de Mère (1932–). He had 11 children.
Death
He died on 30 May 1994 in Paris, aged 79. His first wife, Louise Chamussy, died in 1950. He was survived by his wife, Laurence Courier de Mere, 11 children and several grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
References
External links
BIC Corporate History
Obituary, The Independent
1914 births
1994 deaths
20th-century French businesspeople
1970 America's Cup sailors
French male sailors (sport)
Italian emigrants to France
University of Paris alumni
1974 America's Cup sailors
1977 America's Cup sailors
1980 America's Cup sailors
French Air Force personnel of World War II |
5384430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinsberg | Martinsberg | Martinsberg is a market town in the District Zwettl in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
Geography
About 43.1 percent of the municipality is forested.
Population
References
Cities and towns in Zwettl District |
5384456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leder | Leder | The German word Leder means and corresponds to English word leather. As a surname, it may refer to:
Johann Heinrich Leder, established the Lichte porcelain (GmbH) in Lichte Thuringia
Herbert J. Leder
Mimi Leder, film director
Philip Leder
Nirenberg and Leder experiment, named after him
Marc J. Leder, American businessman and Republican donor
Stephan Hermlin, born Rudolf Leder
Other uses include:
Leder, a fictional character in Mother 3.
See also
Lederer
es:Leder |
5384459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lederer | Lederer | Lederer is a surname of German origin, meaning "leatherworker". Notable people with the surname include:
Ábrahám Lederer (18271916), Czech-Hungarian educator and writer
Andrew J. Lederer (born before 1988), American comedian
Eppie Lederer (AKA Esther "Eppie" Pauline Friedman-Lederer AKA Ann Landers, 19182002), American advice columnist
Charles Lederer (191076), American film writer and director
Charles Lederer (cartoonist) (18561925), American cartoonist
Edith Lederer (born 1943), American journalist
Emil Lederer (18821939), German economist
Ephraim Lederer (1862–1925), American lawyer
Felix Lederer (18771957), Czech musician and conductor
Francis Lederer (18992000), Czech actor
Franz Lederer (football manager) (born 1963), Austrian football manager
George Lederer (1938), American producer and director on Broadway
Gordan Lederer (195891), Croatian photographer and cameraman
Gretchen Lederer (18911955), German movie actress of the silent era
Helen Lederer (born 1954), English comedian, writer and actress
Howard Lederer (born 1963), U.S. professional poker player
Hugo Lederer (18711940), German sculptor
Ivo John Lederer (192998), Croatian-born American diplomatic historian
Jerome F. Lederer (19022004), U.S. aviation safety pioneer
John Lederer (1644after 1672), German-born doctor and explorer of the Appalachian Mountains
Julius Lederer (entomologist) (182170), Austrian entomologist
Julius Lederer (businessman) (191799), American business executive and innovator
Katy Lederer (born before 1998), U.S. author and poet
Klaus Lederer (born 1974), German politician
Laura Lederer (born 1951), U.S. government official and anti-trafficking activist
Marie Lederer (born 1927), onetime member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Mark Lederer (born 1976), New England plumber/gas fitter expert and consultant
Michael Lederer (born 1956), American novelist, short story writer, poet and playwright
Miles W. Lederer (1897 – 1953), American politician
Oliver Lederer (born 1978), Austrian footballer and coach
Otto Lederer (18861965), Austro-Hungary-born American film actor
Paul Lederer (born before 2004), Hungarian-born Australian businessman and association football team owner
Pepi Lederer (191035), U.S. actress
Raymond F. Lederer (19382008), U.S. Congressman from Pennsylvania's 3rd district
Remo Lederer (born 1968), German ski jumper
Richard Lederer (born 1938), American author, speaker, and teacher
Richard Lederer (musician) (born 1971), Austrian metal musician
Serena Lederer (18671943), Hungarian art collector and friend of Gustav Klimt
William Lederer (19122009), U.S. naval commander and author
William J. Lederer (Pennsylvania politician) (19242008), onetime member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
See also
German-language surnames
Jewish surnames |
5384465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lederman | Lederman | Lederman or Ledermann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
D. Ross Lederman (1894-1972), American B-film director
Dr. Gilbert "Gil" Lederman, physician, talk radio host, and proponent of radiosurgery, notoriously sued by the estate of George Harrison (for breaching Harrison's privacy and for forcing Harrison to sign a guitar)
Harold Lederman (1940–2019), American boxing judge and analyst
Barbara Ledermann (born 1925), Holocaust survivor
Jean-Marc Lederman, Belgian music composer
Leon Lederman (born 1947), Israeli chess master
Leon M. Lederman (1922-2018), Nobel laureate in physics
Marty Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center
Robert Lederman, television director, e.g., of Star Trek: Voyager (1995)
Sanne Ledermann (1928–1943), victim of the Holocaust
Susan Lederman, Canadian experimental psychologist
Walter Ledermann (1911-2009), mathematician
William Lederman (1916-1992), Canadian constitutional scholar and the first dean of Queen's University Faculty of Law
Jewish surnames
Germanic-language surnames
Occupational surnames
fr:Lederman |
5384468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lederberg | Lederberg | Lederberg is a surname meaning "leather mountain" in German and may refer to:
Esther Lederberg (1922-2006), American microbiologist and a pioneer of bacterial genetics
Joshua Lederberg (1925-2008), American molecular biologist
Victoria Lederberg (1937-2002), American judge, Justice of Rhode Island Supreme Court |
5384472 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding%20Hearts | Bleeding Hearts | Bleeding Hearts is a 1994 crime novel by Ian Rankin, under the pseudonym "Jack Harvey". It is the second novel he wrote under this name.
Plot summary
Michael Weston is a professional assassin, but he also suffers from haemophilia. The wealthy father of a girl he killed by mistake years ago has sworn vengeance on the killer, hiring a private detective (Hoffer) to track him down.
Rankin has said that he wrote this book under the influence of Martin Amis's novel Money and that Weston was influenced by that novel's protagonist John Self.
References
1994 British novels
Thriller novels
Novels by Ian Rankin
Works published under a pseudonym
Orion Books books |
5384475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh%20Lester%20Campbell | Hugh Lester Campbell | Air Marshal Hugh Lester Campbell, CBE, CD (July 13, 1908 – May 25, 1987) was a senior commander in the Royal Canadian Air Force and then a politician for Northwest Territories, Canada.
Career
Educated at the University of New Brunswick, Campbell was commissioned into the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1931.
During World War II, Campbell served as the Director of Air Staff at the RCAF Overseas Headquarters. In his capacity as Director, on one occasion Campbell was inspecting air force units in North Africa when his jeep drove over a mine and Campbell was wounded. Returning to Canada, in January 1944 Campbell was appointed as Assistant to the Chief of the Air Staff at the Royal Canadian Air Force Headquarters in Ottawa. The following April he became Air Member for Personal on promotion to air vice-marshal remaining at Ottawa.
In 1952 Campbell was appointed as the first Air Officer Commanding the Canadian Air Division in Europe. He retained this post until 1955 and during his years in command Canada's European commitment to NATO rose to 12 squadrons. From 1955 to 1957 he was the Vice Air Deputy at Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe. He was appointed Chief of the Air Staff in 1957, holding the post until 1962 when he retired.
Following his service career Campbell entered politics. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Northwest Territories being appointed to the council to serve as an at-large member three times from 1964 to 1975. He died in Ottawa on May 25, 1987.
References
Royal Canadian Air Force air marshals of World War II
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
1908 births
1987 deaths
Canadian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Canadian military personnel from New Brunswick |
5384502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20McCreery | Tom McCreery | Thomas Livingston McCreery (October 19, 1874 – July 3, 1941) was an outfielder and pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Louisville Colonels (1895–1897), New York Giants (1897–1898), Pittsburgh Pirates (1898–1900), Brooklyn Superbas (1901–1903) and Boston Beaneaters (1903). McCreery was a switch hitter and threw right-handed.
McCreery was born in Beaver, Pennsylvania, and debuted with the Louisville Colonels in 1895, primarily as a starting pitcher, and posted a 3–1 record with a shutout. In 1896 McCreery switched to outfield, and he responded with a .351 batting average, 65 runs batted in, 91 runs, 26 stolen bases, a .546 slugging percentage, and led the National League with 21 triples.
In 1897, McCreery posted career-highs in runs (91), stolen bases (28), RBI (67), games played (138), and hit .289. On July 12, he hit three inside-the-park home runs, becoming the only player in major league history to hit three inside-homers in a single game. He also played in part of seven seasons with the New York Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates and Brooklyn Superbas, hitting .323 for Pittsburgh in 1899. He played his final major league game with the Boston Beaneaters in 1903.
In a nine-season career, McCreery was a .289 hitter with 27 home runs and 388 RBI in 802 games.
An alumnus of Georgetown University, McCreery served as the head coach of the University of Pittsburgh's baseball team in 1912. McCreery died in Beaver, Pennsylvania, at the age of 66.
See also
List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders
References
External links
Baseball Almanac
Baseball Reference
1874 births
1941 deaths
People from Beaver, Pennsylvania
Boston Beaneaters players
Brooklyn Superbas players
Louisville Colonels players
New York Giants (NL) players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Major League Baseball outfielders
Major League Baseball pitchers
19th-century baseball players
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Georgetown University alumni
Pittsburgh Panthers baseball coaches
Norfolk Clam Eaters players
Norfolk Clams players
Norfolk Crows players
Nashville Seraphs players
Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players
Indianapolis Indians players
Columbus Senators players |
5384513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der%20Prinz%20von%20Homburg%20%28opera%29 | Der Prinz von Homburg (opera) | Der Prinz von Homburg (The Prince of Homburg) is a German-language opera in three acts by Hans Werner Henze with a libretto by Ingeborg Bachmann (1926–1973). It was completed in 1958 but premiered on 22 May 1960 in Hamburg.
Background
The text is based on the 1811 play, Prinz Friedrich von Homburg by Heinrich von Kleist. Frederick Bridgham prepared an English-language translation for the English National Opera/Schott 1996 production in London. The opera shows Henze's strong personal dislike of German militarism.
In a 1996 lecture, extracted and translated in the programme to the ENO 1996 production, Henze mentions the Leipzig tradition from Bach to Max Reger, Hermann Grabner and Wolfgang Fortner, the Viennese classical tradition and the Second Viennese School, in particular Beethoven and Arnold Schoenberg, Gustav Mahler and Stravinsky as influences. He describes how he contrasts "the beautiful old harmonies of yesterday" used to represent the Prince's dreamworld with "serially organized military music, with a predominance of fanfare-like fourths and fifths in the twelve-note row" used for the waking world.
Performance and recording history
There have been at least two multi-national productions of the opera. The premiere production was toured to London in 1962.
A revised production by Nikolaus Lehnhoff first seen in the Cuvilliés Theatre, Munich, in 1992 was brought to London by the English National Opera (ENO) in 1996. A DVD of this production, recorded in Munich in 1994 by the Bavarian State Opera, has been released with Wolfgang Sawallisch conducting and with a cast including François le Roux in the title role, as Natalie and William Cochran and Helga Dernesch as the Elector and Electress.
Elgar Howarth won a 1997 Laurence Olivier Award for conducting ENO's Die Soldaten / The Prince of Homburg at the London Coliseum.
Roles
Synopsis
The opera is set in Fehrbellin in Brandenburg during the Prusso-Swedish Wars in the seventeenth century, immediately around the Swedish defeat at the battle of Fehrbellin in 1675
Prince Friedrich and Princess Natalie are in love, and she is promised to him by the Elector. Field Marshal Dörfling outlines the plan of battle, but the Prince day-dreams about the princess. During the battle, not having listened to the orders he was given, he attacks prematurely, endangering the outcome by sending his cavalry after retreating Swedes. Nevertheless, the attack is successful. The Elector orders the arrest of the disobedient officer. The Prince is imprisoned, and the Elector is expected to ratify the sentence of death. The Prince appeals through Princess Natalie, but she is told that the Prince must agree with the legitimacy of the sentence. Natalie uses her Dragoons to free the Prince. Meanwhile, the Elector, knowing that he has taught the Prince his lesson, decides to pardon him. Blindfolded, the Prince is led towards his execution, but when the blindfold is removed, the Elector gives him the hand of the Princess.
References
Further reading
"Prinz von Homburg, Der (The Prince of Homburg)", synopsis, roles, Naxos Records
Clements, Andrew: "Prinz von Homburg, Der", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy
English National Opera: The Prince of Homburg, programme for production 22 June – 5 July 1996.
Porter, Andrew, "The Prince of Homburg", The Musical Times, Vol. 103, No. 1435 (September 1962), pp. 604–605.
External links
Review of the Sawallisch recording
German-language operas
Operas based on works by Heinrich von Kleist
Operas by Hans Werner Henze
Operas
1960 operas
Operas based on plays
Operas set in Germany
Opera world premieres at the Hamburg State Opera |
5384526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erengisle%20Suneson%2C%20Earl%20of%20Orkney | Erengisle Suneson, Earl of Orkney | Erengisle Sunesson of Hultboda, jarl of Orkney (died 26 December 1392) was an important Swedish magnate in the 14th century. In his later life, he was known as Jarl Erengisle in Sweden. He was knight, high councillor, and titular (Norwegian) Jarl.
Family
He was born in a noble family later called Bååt (Old Swedish for boat) originally from Småland, as son of Sune Jonsson, the lawspeaker of Tiohärad, and his first wife Cathrine Henriksdatter Glysing.
In 1320, Erengisle's father Sune and uncle Peter obtained the effectively hereditary position of chatelain of Viipuri castle in easternmost coast of Finland by purchasing it from the governor. It was set there by the deposed king Birger of Sweden. Peter and Sune recognized the new king, Magnus IV of Sweden, and received important privileges, which effectively turned their holding of Viipuri as an independent feudal fief, the start of a veritable margraviate (see fief of Viipuri).
Life
Erengisle possessed immense wealth in several provinces of Sweden. In Viipuri province, his patrimony included Kymenkartano manor, on which spot the later town of Kotka became erected. His chief seat was the medieval castle of Hultaboda (now Hultaby) in Näsby outside of Vetlanda. Also Flishult manor in the same district belonged to him.
He was usually a supporter of his king, Magnus VII of Norway and Sweden, although in some instances he was in alliance with king's rivals. The king's Norwegian tasks for him led to his marriage with an unnamed daughter (possibly Agnes) of Maol Íosa, the Jarl of Orkney (including Caithness), and Earl of Strathearn. Because Maol Íosa did not have sons, families of his daughters divided or competed over his inheritance. Erengisle became the Orkney Jarl, although there is little evidence that he ever treated it as anything other than a high title, bringing him prestige over the then titleless Swedish nobility; he doesn't even seem to have ever visited his jarldom.
In 1357 Erengisle was among magnates who proclaimed Eric, the eldest son of king Magnus, as king in place of the father. He then led negotiations which resulted in reconciliation between father and son, with them splitting the kingship. The marriage of Haakon VI of Norway to the daughter of Valdemar IV of Denmark, and Eric's sudden death (from The Plague), drastically changed the political dynamic of Scandinavia, leading Erengisle to be ejected from the Jarldom in 1359.
The Jarldom lay vacant until Valdamar's death, in 1375. Haakon chose Alexander de l'Ard, a son-in-law of Maol Iosa, but he proved a disappointment, and was ejected after a few months. In 1379 Haakon granted the jarldom to Maol Iosa's (youngest) grandson, Henry Sinclair. Nevertheless, Erengisle continued to use the title of jarl of Orkney until his own death (as evidenced by e.g. his appellation in the text of his last will and testament).
Death and will
Erengisle died childless, "at a great age", many years later. He was buried in Vadstena monastery church.
His last wife, Countess Ingeborg had several children from her first marriage with lord Bengt Turesson of the family of Kraakerum.
Erengisle's own nephews and nieces (and sisters) were already dead, without further issue, the last of them, Christina Ulvsdotter of Rickeby, having died in c 1389. His paternal family had only first cousins to continue the line (the Trolle, the Pipa, the Hammersta and the Snakenborg of Flishult presumably were lineages descending from such cousins).
His possessions were divided by his last will and testament, the church receiving much.
Marriages:
Margareta
Agnes (Annot), daughter of Maol Íosa, Earl of Strathearn and Jarl of Orkney
before 1377 with Ingeborg Magnusdotter of Loholm, close relative of royals (and niece of St.Bridget of Sweden)
Coat of arms
Erengisle's family's hereditary shield depicted a boat. He thus belonged to the extensive clan of the Bonde. Well-known Bonde magnates, such as High Constable Tord and king Charles VIII, appear to have regarded Erengisle's family as their kinsmen.
He belonged to the Haak-Bååt branch of the Bonde clan (the byname Haak was even used of his well-known uncle), mentioned as agnates of the Bonde.
Erengisle's close kinsman was also bishop Charles of Linköping, but it is not known how exactly they were related.
Also knight Erengisle Jonson 'the younger' (flourished 1335), was their kinsman.
His crest depicts, like those of families Bååt and Bonde, a boat.
People of medieval Finland
Norwegian earls
Earls of Orkney
1392 deaths
Year of birth unknown |
5384533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Aguirre | Mike Aguirre | Jules Michael Aguirre (born 1949), more commonly known as Michael Jules Aguirre, was the City Attorney for the City of San Diego, California, from 2004 to 2008.
In 2013, he was a candidate for mayor in a special election following Mayor Bob Filner's resignation. He lost to Kevin Faulconer, placing fourth in a field of eleven candidates.
Early life
Aguirre was born to Julio and Margaret Aguirre. His father was of Spanish and Mexican descent and his mother is of Mexican descent.
Early career
Aguirre worked as Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Department of Justice and directed a grand jury investigation of pension racketeering. He was then appointed as assistant counsel to the U.S. Senate's Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. After leaving government work, Aguirre set up his own firm specializing in securities fraud.
In the 1990s, Aguirre continued his securities practice and his electoral campaigns. In 1990, Aguirre allied with the Chicano Movement to file a successful federal voting rights lawsuit to overturn San Diego’s redistricting. In 1993, Aguirre successfully defended the United Farm Workers Union in Yuma, Arizona, in a case with lettuce grower Bruce Church. Aguirre took over the defense of the case after UFW President Cesar Chavez died following two days of testimony. Aguirre finished the jury trial, which the UFW lost, but he succeeded in getting the case overturned on appeal.
In 1996, Aguirre went to court to throw out a 1995 contract between the City of San Diego and the San Diego Chargers football team. In the contract, the city agreed to issue $60 million of bonds to renovate the football team's stadium, and, in a controversial clause, promised to constantly maintain the stadium as a state-of-the-art venue. The city had also agreed to guarantee the sale of 60,000 game tickets at prices to be set by the Chargers. Aguirre’s suit and the ensuing scandal surrounding the maintenance clause compelled the city to renegotiate with the Chargers in 1998.
City Attorney
Aguirre ran for San Diego City Attorney in 2004, in the midst of a financial crisis and investigations by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Scandal had erupted in the summer of 2003 over a pension deal that municipal employees received between 1996 and 2002. Workers were given increased benefits during this period, but the city did not contribute enough to municipal pension funds to cover the increased benefits. The resulting deficit of some $1.4 billion left the city’s finances in shambles and made it virtually impossible to issue municipal bonds. Aguirre ran as a "clean up the mess" outsider, with support from Democrats in the officially nonpartisan race, and won with 50.4% of the vote. A 2008 Wall Street Journal article praised Aguirre’s efforts to address the City of San Diego's hundreds of millions of dollars of unfunded pension liabilities.
In October 2007, the San Diego Union-Tribune reported that during the California wildfires of October 2007, Aguirre had called for an evacuation of the entire City of San Diego. Aguirre was heavily criticized for the idea but said that the paper had distorted his position. Aguirre's claim was that he had written a memo to the San Diego Mayor at the height of the fires, advising that the city should draw up a voluntary evacuation plan in light of federal regulations, the immediate threat of the fire, as well as concerns over weather conditions and air quality.
As City Attorney, Aguirre filed a legal action to force a developer to reduce the height of an already constructed office building near an airport. Federal Aviation Administration officials had later determined that the height of the building posed a threat to public safety, even if a city building permit had been issued. In 2009, a California Superior Court judge affirmed the City Attorney's position by determining the developer had no legal right to erect the building to the unsafe height, and the top several stories were ordered to be removed from the building.
In 2005, immediately upon taking office, Aguirre attempted unsuccessfully to overturn a city grant of $900 million in pension benefits to police and other city workers, which Aguirre contended had been illegal.
Aguirre sued Countrywide Financial in July 2008 over lending practices and convinced a federal multi-district litigation judicial panel to move all Countrywide Financial foreclosure cases to the jurisdiction of the City of San Diego.
In 2008, Aguirre ran for a second term as City Attorney but was challenged by several other candidates. The president of the San Diego City Council Scott Peters ran with the backing of city unions, while Superior Court Judge Jan Goldsmith was backed by the Republican political establishment. In the five-candidate nonpartisan primary election in June 2008, Aguirre qualified for the general election by coming in second place after Goldsmith. In the general election on November 4, 2008, Aguirre lost to Goldsmith: 59.5 percent to 40.5 percent.
After leaving office
After leaving his post as City Attorney, Aguirre returned to private legal practice by forming the law firm of Aguirre Morris & Severson, along with two colleagues from the City Attorney's office: Mia Severson, who had headed the City Attorney's civil litigation division; and Chris Morris, who had headed the City's Criminal Division. Aguirre also started the National Center for Regulatory Reform, which has issued extensive reports on the Market Crash of 2008.
Following the resignation of Mayor Bob Filner in August 2013, Aguirre declared his intention to run in the special election for mayor to replace him. In the primary election held November 19, 2013, Aguirre came in a distant fourth with 4.44 percent of the vote, and thus did not advance to the runoff election held in November.
In 2014, Aguirre represented a woman named Ruth Hendricks who was challenging the $4.7 billion settlement deal for the failed San Onofre nuclear plant in San Diego County. His questions during the settlement approval process were not addressed. By 2015, his questions about backchannel dealings between regulators and utility companies were being taken more seriously, as criminal investigators seized notes from a secret meeting in Poland where the framework of a San Onofre deal was first discussed.
Electoral history
References
External links
Aguirre Morris & Severson LLP
San Diego Magazine article (October, 2004)
Living people
1949 births
American politicians of Mexican descent
American politicians of Spanish descent
Arizona State University alumni
UC Berkeley School of Law alumni
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Hispanic and Latino American lawyers
21st-century American lawyers
California Democrats
San Diego City Attorneys |
5384536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphanizomenon%20flos-aquae | Aphanizomenon flos-aquae | Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is a brackish and freshwater species of cyanobacteria found around the world, including the Baltic Sea and the Great Lakes.
Ecology
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae can form dense surface aggregations in freshwater (known as "cyanobacterial blooms"). These blooms occur in areas of high nutrient loading, historical or current.
Toxicity
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae has both toxic and nontoxic forms. Most sources worldwide are toxic, containing both hepatic and neuroendotoxins.
Most cyanobacteria (including Aphanizomenon) produce BMAA, a neurotoxin amino acid implicated in ALS/Parkinsonism.
Toxicity of A. flos-aquae has been reported in Canada, Germany and China.
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is known to produce endotoxins, the toxic chemicals released when cells die. Once released (lysed), and ingested, these toxins can damage liver and nerve tissues in mammals. In areas where water quality is not closely monitored, the World Health Organization has assessed toxic algae as a health risk, citing the production of anatoxin-a, saxitoxins, and cylindrospermopsin. Dogs have been reported to have become ill or have fatal reactions after swimming in rivers and lakes containing toxic A. flos-aquae.
Microcystin toxin has been found in all 16 samples of A. flos-aquae products sold as food supplements in Germany and Switzerland, originating from Lake Klamath: 10 of 16 samples exceeded the safety value of 1 μg microcystin per gram. University professor Daniel Dietrich warned parents not to let children consume A. flos-aquae products, since children are even more vulnerable to toxic effects, due to lower body weight, and the continuous intake might lead to accumulation of toxins. Dietrich also warned against quackery schemes selling these cyanobacteria as medicine against illnesses such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, causing people to omit their regular drugs.
Medical research
A Canadian study studying the effect of A. flos-aquae on the immune and endocrine systems, as well as on general blood physiology, found that eating it had a profound effect on natural killer cells (NKCs). A. flos-aquae triggers the movement of 40% of the circulating NKCs from the blood to tissues.
As a food supplement
Some compressed tablets of powdered A. flos-aquae cyanobacteria (named as "blue green algae") have been sold as food supplements, notably those filtered from Upper Klamath Lake in Oregon.
See also
Spirulina (dietary supplement)
References
External links
Nostocales |
5384545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamite%20gun | Dynamite gun | A dynamite gun is any of a class of artillery pieces that use compressed air to propel an explosive projectile (such as one containing dynamite). Dynamite guns were in use for a brief period from the 1880s to the beginning of the twentieth century.
Because of the instability of early high explosives, it was impractical to fire an explosive-filled shell from a conventional explosive-fired gun. The violent deflagration of the propellant charge and the sudden acceleration of the shell would set off the explosive in the barrel of the weapon. By using compressed air, the dynamite gun was able to accelerate the projectile more gradually through the length of the barrel.
Guns for naval use were supplied with air from shipboard compressors. A small model for field use by land forces employed a powder charge to drive a piston down a cylinder, compressing air that was then fed into the gun barrel. This field model was famously used by Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders during the Spanish–American War, but had actually been used previously by Cuban insurgents against Spanish forces.
The guns fired a relatively lightweight shell; necessarily the guns had a low muzzle velocity, requiring a high angle of fire even at short ranges. This increased the flight time of the shell, resulting in a loss of accuracy.
By 1900, the availability of stable high explosives, the longer range of conventional artillery, the gun's mechanical complexity, and its inherent limitations made the dynamite gun obsolete.
History
The Zalinski dynamite gun
The original invention of a gun to fire an explosive charge with compressed air was the work of D. M. Medford of Chicago, Illinois. His prototype was demonstrated in 1883 at Fort Hamilton, New York. Edmund Zalinski, an American artillery officer, saw the demonstration, and over the next few years improved the design, building and demonstrating a series of prototypes. Some of his work took place at Fort Lafayette, New York.
The Navy was impressed, and commissioned the construction of a specialized "dynamite gun cruiser." The , launched in 1888, was armed with three fifteen-inch pneumatic guns capable of firing an explosive projectile , and eventually bombarded Cuba in the Spanish–American War. The projectiles were sometimes called "aerial torpedoes".
In 1897, an 8.4-inch (210 mm) Zalinski dynamite gun was fitted to the first commissioned US submarine . It was later removed in 1900.
From 1894 to 1901, the Army purchased and installed several coastal artillery batteries of 15 inch (381 mm) dynamite guns as part of the coast defense modernization program initiated by the Endicott Board. These could throw an explosive projectile from depending on the weight of the projectile, from . Compressed air at was supplied by a steam-driven compressor. In addition to the guns and their ammunition, the steam boiler, compressor, and other equipment necessary to operate the guns weighed over 200 tons. Among other locations, three guns were installed as Battery Dynamite at Fort Winfield Scott, near the Presidio of San Francisco. In 1904 the batteries were decommissioned, and the guns dismounted and scrapped. A bolt circle for a 15-inch dynamite gun remains near the southwest tip of Fisher's Island, New York on the former site of Fort H. G. Wright.
The Sims-Dudley dynamite gun
Pneumatic guns for shipboard use, or at fixed coastal fortifications, could rely on a steam-driven gas compressor as an air source. For use by troops in the field, this was impractical. The Dudley-Sims dynamite gun used a smokeless powder charge to compress the air. Beneath the gun barrel was a cylinder into which the powder charge was loaded. When fired, the expanding gas from the smokeless powder compressed the air in the cylinder, which was then fed into the gun barrel, accelerating the explosive projectile. The US Army bought sixteen of these guns.
The Sims-Dudley gun weighed about one thousand pounds and had a bore diameter of . Its ammunition was not actually dynamite; the shells were filled with a nitrocellulose-based gelatin, and exploded by either a time or percussion fuze. Each round of ammunition weighed about , of which was the explosive filler. It was cylindrical in shape, with a rounded nose, with twisted vanes on its back to provide spin-stabilization during flight.
Roosevelt and his Rough Riders used a Sims-Dudley gun during the siege of Santiago, with mixed results. The gun did work as intended, delivering high-explosive shells on target. Because of its relatively quiet pneumatic operation and smokeless powder charges, it did not betray its presence, and so was not targeted by the Spanish. But it was mechanically unreliable and not very accurate. On balance Roosevelt was not enthusiastic, but found it "more effective than the regular artillery."
See also
Pneumatic weapon
Dale Fort
Air gun
Spud gun
FN 303
Holman Projector
Steam cannon
References
Bibliography
Hansen, David M. "Zalinski's Dynamite Gun." Technology and Culture, 25 Apr 1984
External links
The Zalinski Dynamite Gun, by Mark Clark
American Machine Cannon and Dynamite Guns, by William R. Hamilton
Fort Winfield Scott: Battery Dynamite, by Chuck Wofford
Library of Congress photo
DiGiulian, Tony Navweaps.com Dynamite Guns page
Historic marker at site of steam cannon formerly located on Hilton Head Island, SC
Pneumatic weapons
Pneumatic mortars
Naval artillery |
5384552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Great%20Eastern%20%28album%29 | The Great Eastern (album) | The Great Eastern is the third studio album by Scottish indie rock band The Delgados. It was released on 17 April 2000 in the United Kingdom on their own Chemikal Underground record label, and later on 9 May 2000 in the United States.
The Great Eastern was their first album not to be named after a cycling theme – the title refers to a textile mill in Glasgow, latterly a hostel for the homeless.
Reception
At the end of 2000, The Great Eastern was included in several publications' lists of the year's best albums, including being named fifth best by Mojo and 28th best by NME. The album was nominated for the 2000 Mercury Prize.
In 2008, The Great Eastern was ranked at number 49 on Mojos list of "The 50 Greatest UK Indie Records of All Time".
Track listing
Personnel
Credits for The Great Eastern adapted from album liner notes.
The Delgados
Stewart Henderson – bass guitar, accordion, autoharp, guitar, handclaps, piano, Rhodes piano, sleigh bells, vocals
Emma Pollock – guitar, vocals, handclaps, vibraphone
Paul Savage – drums, dulcimer, guitar, Hammond organ, handclaps, keyboards, Korg synthesizer, piano, Rhodes piano, sampler, tubular bells
Alun Woodward – guitar, vocals, bowed guitar, dulcimer, e-bow, keyboards, slide guitar, vibraphone
The Delgados – writing, brass arrangement, string arrangement, woodwind arrangement
Additional musicians
Alan Barr – cello, string arrangement
Barry Burns – Hammond organ, Korg synthesizer, piano, Rhodes piano
Lorne Cowieson – trumpet, flugelhorn, brass arrangement
Charlie Cross – viola, violin, string arrangement
Graham Flett – double bass
Dave Fridmann – cello sampling, weights
David Laing – violin
Greg Lawson – violin, string arrangement
Camille Mason – clarinet, flute, piano, woodwind arrangement
Guy Milford – tenor horn
Jim Putnam – additional vocals
Paul Stone – euphonium, trombone
Graeme Wilson – saxophone
Production
The Delgados – production, recording
Tony Doogan – recording
Dave Fridmann – mixing, production
James Jarvie – "black magic"
Chris Renwick – programming
Dougie Summers – programming
Artwork and design
Tony Doogan – camcorder
Adam Piggot – artwork, photography
Lindsay Savage – cover photography
Charts
References
The Delgados albums
2000 albums
Chemikal Underground albums
Albums produced by Dave Fridmann
Albums recorded at Tarbox Road Studios |
5384560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Adventuress%20of%20Henrietta%20Street | The Adventuress of Henrietta Street | The Adventuress of Henrietta Street is a BBC Books original novel written by Lawrence Miles and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Eighth Doctor, Fitz and Anji.
This novel sees the first named appearance of the villain Sabbath, who subsequently appears in many of the following novels.
External links
The Cloister Library - The Adventuress of Henrietta Street
2001 British novels
2001 science fiction novels
Eighth Doctor Adventures
Novels by Lawrence Miles
The Master (Doctor Who) novels
Faction Paradox |
5384566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin%20rocket%20launching%20site | Berlin rocket launching site | Rocket Launch Site Berlin (Raketenflugplatz Berlin) was the launch site of the Space Club (Verein für Raumschiffahrt) in Berlin-Reinickendorf at 52°33' N and 13°18' E directly adjacent to the current site of the Airport Berlin-Tegel in an area that is now Cité Pasteur. It was inaugurated in September 1930, using the site and the buildings of a disused French ammunitions depot which Rudolf Nebel managed to rent from the Prussian war ministry.
The Space Club used the four-square-kilometer area to develop and test two models of liquid fuel rockets, Mirak and Repulsor. Many of the rockets failed, but some reached altitudes of approximately 100 metres, and later, 4000 metres. On 30 September 1933, Rocket Launch Site Berlin closed under the pretext of an unpaid water bill. Subsequently, the Nazi-era military took over and classified the nascent research into rocket technology.
According to Nebel, the tests of the rocket engines were audible as from as far away as Potsdamer Platz and over time attracted considerable attention from the press who dubbed the team of engineers The Fools of Tegel ("Die Narren von Tegel").
References
External links
Astronautix.com: Raketenflugplatz
Astronautix.com: Mirak
Map of the Raketenflugplatz in 1930
Rocket launch
Research and development in Nazi Germany
Rocket launch sites in Germany |
5384577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney%20Sturgess | Sydney Sturgess | Dorothy Anna Sturgess (March 5, 1915 – September 30, 1999), known professionally as Sydney Sturgess, was a British-Canadian actress. She is best known for her work with the Shaw Festival and the Stratford Festival of Canada. Primarily a stage actress in Canada, England and the US, she occasionally worked in television and film.
Background
Born in Ipoh, Malaya, Sturgess was the eldest of four children; two brothers and a sister. She carried a distinguished Canadian ancestry – her great-grandfather was Edward Palmer, Q.C., of Prince Edward Island, who was also one of the Fathers of Confederation. Her father was a civil engineer and was assigned to remote countries around the world to build bridges, so the family traveled frequently.
Her teenage years were spent for the most part at St. Stephen's boarding school in Folkestone, Kent, England. She received her dramatic training in England, as well, at the London College of Music where she received an A.L.C.M. in elocution. After graduation, she joined the Arthur Brough Players in Folkestone, first as a student and then later as an actress.
Sturgess acted in various English repertory companies before meeting Barry Morse in Peterborough on January 3, 1939. Morse and Sturgess married on March 26, 1939. As a result of her work in repertory, both prior to and following her marriage, she gained broad experience as an actress through her work in literally hundreds of stage productions throughout the 1930s and 1940s. Their two children, Hayward Morse and Melanie Morse MacQuarrie, were born in 1947 and 1945, respectively. The family emigrated to Canada in 1951, where Sydney enjoyed several successful seasons of theatre at the Montreal Mountain Playhouse, as well as radio work and teaching, until moving to Toronto with the advent of television in 1953.
Sturgess' stage credits span more than fifty years and include London West End productions with such personalities as Dame Marie Tempest and A.E. Matthews in The First Mrs. Fraser, and later in her career on Broadway opposite Morse and Alec McCowen in Hadrian VII.
Her performances ranged the gamut, from acting in Jupiter Theatre's production of Relative Values, The Potting Shed at the Crest Theatre, and with the Canadian Players in Romeo and Juliet and Pygmalion. She also played in George Bernard Shaw's Man and Superman, as "Mrs. Darling" in Peter Pan and played in more productions of Charley's Aunt than perhaps any other actress!
In 1958 she wrote and produced her own radio series for the CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation) called Poet's Corner. She also appeared on television as Catherine de Medici in Patrick Watson's series, Witness to Yesterday, and in the title role of George Bernard Shaw's Catherine the Great. She starred as the Countess of Brocklehurst in the Shaw Festival's production of The Admirable Crighton, appeared in A Day in the Death of Joe Egg at the Manitoba Theatre Centre, and played "Mrs. Higgins" in another run of Shaw's Pygmalion at the Nottingham Playhouse in England.
Sturgess was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1985 and lived with her illness for over fourteen years, before dying in her sleep aged 84.
External links
Website of Sydney Sturgess
Barry Morse Website
1915 births
1999 deaths
People from Ipoh
People from Perak
English stage actresses
English television actresses
Canadian stage actresses
Canadian television actresses
Neurological disease deaths in Ontario
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Place of death missing
20th-century Canadian actresses
British emigrants to Canada
20th-century English actresses
British people in British Malaya |
5384578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa%20von%20Praunheim | Rosa von Praunheim | Rosa von Praunheim (born 25 November 1942) is a German film director, author, painter and one of the most famous gay rights activists in the German-speaking world. In over 50 years, von Praunheim has made more than 150 films (short and feature-length films). His works influenced the development of LGBTQ+ rights movements worldwide.
He began his career associated to the New German Cinema as a senior member of the Berlin school of underground filmmaking. He took the artistic female name Rosa von Praunheim to remind people of the pink triangle that homosexuals had to wear in Nazi concentration camps, as well as the Frankfurt neighborhood of Praunheim where he grew up. A pioneer of Queer Cinema, von Praunheim has been an activist in the gay rights movement. He was an early advocate of AIDS awareness and safer sex. His films center on gay-related themes and strong female characters, are characterized by excess and employ a campy style. They have featured such personalities as Keith Haring, Larry Kramer, Diamanda Galás, William S. Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg, Judith Malina, Jeff Stryker, Jayne County, Divine and a row of Warhol superstars.
Early life
Von Praunheim was born as Holger Radtke in Riga (now Latvia) Central Prison during the German occupation of Latvia in World War II. His biological mother died in 1946 at the psychiatric hospital in Berlin Wittenauer Heilstätten. After his birth, he was given up for adoption. He only knew these facts when his adoptive mother, Gertrud Mischwitzky, told him in 2000. He discovered the fate of his biological mother in 2006 after a lengthy investigation. He documented his quest in the film Two Mothers (2007).
He received the name Holger Mischwitzky and spent his early years in East Berlin. In 1953, he escaped from East Germany with his family to West Germany, first to the Rhineland, moving later to Frankfurt am Main. After von Praunheim left the pre-university high school in Frankfurt (Gymnasium), he studied at the Werkkunstschule in Offenbach. He then transferred to the Berlin University of the Arts where he studied fine arts but did not graduate. He initially worked as a painter, but eventually opted for a career in filmmaking.
Career
In the mid-1960s he assumed the stage name "Rosa von Praunheim". In the late 1960s, he began experimenting in film and creative writing. He made his debut associated with Werner Schroeter with experimental and short movies, like Sisters of the Revolutions (1969) and Samuel Beckett (1969), with which he quickly became famous. His film Macbeth - Opera by Rosa von Praunheim was shown at the world famous art exhibition documenta V. Von Praunheim married the actress Carla Aulaulu in 1969. The marriage ended two years later in divorce. During this same period, he also collaborated with in a number of film projects. At the beginning of his career, von Praunheim also worked as an assistant director for Gregory J. Markopoulos, who dedicated his film (A)lter (A)ction (1968) to him. Rainer Werner Fassbinder staged the play Dedicated to Rosa von Praunheim (1969) for von Praunheim.
Von Praunheim's first feature film was produced in 1971: The Bed Sausage, a parody of bourgeois marriage. It became a cult movie, which had a sequel in 1975 (Berlin Bed Sausage): "Avant-garde cinema also has its masters, its greatest in Germany: Rosa von Praunheim. His film The Bed Sausage, which premiered on ZDF, confirmed once again what his works Pink Workers on Golden Street and Sisters of the Revolution, which have already been shown at many festivals, characterise: A mixture of artistic inventiveness, social awareness and humour that is exceedingly rare in Germany." (Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung)
In 1971 the director also caused a stir with his film It Is Not the Homosexual Who Is Perverse, But the Society in Which He Lives which led to many gay rights groups being founded and was the beginning of the modern lesbian and gay liberation movement in Germany and Switzerland: "Rosa von Praunheim's film made an epoch." (Frankfurter Rundschau) The film also made Rosa von Praunheim the leading figure of the lesbian and gay movement in Germany: "It is a personal liberation for Holger Mischwitzky [Rosa von Praunheim] - and a wake-up call for all homosexual men. […] With this film, Rosa von Praunheim became the icon of the gay and lesbian movement in Germany almost overnight." (Deutsche Welle) The American film critic Joe Hoeffner wrote in an article about the twelve most important queer films: "Many films have been called revolutionary, but It Is Not the Homosexual… truly earns that description. The breakout film by director and activist Rosa von Praunheim (aka Holger Mischwitzky) became a foundational text of the German gay rights movement, and its call for liberation reverberated through the history of queer cinema.“ This movie found great resonance internationally. Some artists have referred to the film, for example Bruce LaBruce with the short film collection It Is Not the Pornographer That Is Perverse... (2018).
A prolific and controversial filmmaker, von Praunheim has centered his directorial efforts in documentaries featuring gay-related themes. In the early 1970s he lived for some time in the United States where he made a series of documentaries about the post-Stonewall American gay scene. In Army of Lovers or Revolt of the Perverts (1979) he took on the American gay and lesbian movement from the 1950s until the late 1970s. He was also interested in the underground theater in New York City, which was the focus of some of his films of this period including Underground and Emigrants (1976). In 1979 von Praunheim won a German Film Award for Tally Brown, New York, a documentary about the singer and actress Tally Brown. In the USA von Praunheim worked with camera people like Jeff Preiss, Mike Kuchar and Juliana Wang.
Back in Berlin, he made feature films such as Our Corpses Are Still Alive (1981) and Red Love (1982). In 1983 von Praunheim's revolutionary film City of Lost Souls (1983) with Jayne County and Angie Stardust was released: "This riotous and massively ahead-of-its-time intersectional queer-punk musical has gone on to greatly influence transgender politics." (Australian Centre for the Moving Image) These films were shown at film festivals worldwide. His feature film Horror vacui won the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for best experimental film in 1985. Anita: Dances of Vice (1987), the life story of a scandalous nude dancer in Berlin in the 1920s, attracted international attention. The film was shown, for example, at the New York Film Festival and the Chicago International Film Festival.
With the outbreak of the AIDS epidemic, von Praunheim worked on films about the HIV-related disease. A Virus Knows No Morals (1986) was one of the first feature films about AIDS internationally: "A Virus Respects No Morals, a savage, imaginative, scattershot Brecht-like allegory set largely in a gay bath, became one of the earliest and most provocative attacks on the hypocrisy, ignorance, politics and economics surrounding the AIDS crisis." (Los Angeles Times)
The documentaries Positive and Silence = Death, both shot in 1989, deal with aspects of AIDS activism in New York. Fire Under Your Ass (1990) focuses on AIDS in Berlin. For the so-called AIDS trilogy, von Praunheim was awarded the LGBTIQ-Film-Prize of the Berlin International Film Festival. The Guardian, one of Britain's most important newspapers, wrote in 1992: "Silence = Death and Positive: The best AIDS films to date [...]." The Los Angeles Times summed it up: "In short, Praunheim is just the man for the job he has taken on with Silence = Death and Positive: he has the breadth of vision, the compassion and the militance and, yes, the sense of humor necessary to tackle the AIDS epidemic in all its aspects." The renowned critic Jerry Tallmer, founder of the Obie Award, wrote in the newspaper The Record: "[...] Rosa (originally Holger) von Praunheim, the brilliant, acerbic director of such breakthrough gay-revolutionist works as Silence & Death and A Virus Knows No Morals."
Von Praunheim was a co-founder of the German ACT UP movement and organized the first major AIDS benefit event in Germany. He was very vocal in his efforts to educate people about the danger of AIDS and the necessity of practicing safer sex. On 10 December 1991, von Praunheim created a scandal in Germany when he outed the anchorman Alfred Biolek and the comedian Hape Kerkeling in the TV show as gay to call for public solidarity with the stigmatized gays from homosexual celebrities, of which there were hardly any in the German public at that time. Because of this, von Praunheim was considered a controversial figure in his home country for a long time, even within the queer community. But after the public outing action several celebrities had their coming out. In retrospect, the outing action improved the public image of gays.
In the early 1990s, von Praunheim developed the first queer TV format in Germany, but continued his film work at the same time. His film Life Is Like a Cucumber with Lotti Huber was shown at the Toronto International Film Festival (1991). He was honored with two FIPRESCI Awards for his films I Am My Own Woman (1992) and Neurosia (1995).
Von Praunheim's film Transexual Menace (1996), named after the American transgender rights organization The Transexual Menace, was after City of Lost Souls again a very progressive film about transgender people and premiered at the Frameline Film Festival in San Francisco and was also shown at the Outfest in Los Angeles: "Von Praunheim's Transexual Menace dispenses with the usual cliches and brings us bang up to date with a profile of the new generation of politically-active transsexuals […]." (The Independent) The New York Times wrote: "[...] Transexual Menace is a cornerstone of documentary filmmaking about transgender people."
Von Praunheim's film The Einstein of Sex (1999) about Magnus Hirschfeld premiered at the Locarno Festival and was nominated for the Golden Leopard. His film Can I be your Bratwurst, please? (1999) with Jeff Stryker and Vaginal Davis has been shown at over 250 film festivals around the world (a world record-breaking festival utilization). Moving Pictures Magazine chose the film as best title in Cannes. In 2000, he was awarded the for Wunderbares Wrodow, a documentary about the people in and around a German village and its castle. His film Cows knocked up by fog (2002) premiered at the Venice Film Festival.
From 1999 to 2006 von Praunheim was professor of directing at the Film University of Babelsberg. Von Praunheim has also taught at various film and art schools, including San Francisco Art Institute, where Abel Ferrara was one of his students. Former Praunheim students, filmmakers Tom Tykwer, Chris Kraus, Axel Ranisch, Robert Thalheim and Julia von Heinz, made the film Pink Children (2012) about their mentor.
In 2008, his film Two Mothers was shown at Tribeca Film Festival and was nominated for the Jury-Award.
At the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival, he was awarded the Berlinale Camera as one of the most important representatives of German cinema. Von Praunheim also received the Berlinale Special Teddy Award for his outstanding contributions to queer cinema. In 2012, he was awarded the Grimme-Preis for his documentary Rent Boys. In 2015, he received the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. In 2020, he was awarded the Max Ophüls Honorary Award for his life's work. Von Praunheim also received the Honorary Award of the Swiss Pink Apple Film Festival.
On occasion of his 70th birthday (2012), von Praunheim made 70 short and medium-length films for German regional television station RBB under the title Rosa's World. Never before has a documentary filmmaker received so much airtime on German television. Rosa's World has also been shown at film festivals, for example in Vienna (Austria).
Von Praunheim has written several books that have been successfully published by publishing houses such as Rowohlt Verlag.
Von Praunheim has been painting since his early youth and occasionally exhibits in galleries and museums, for example in the Migros Museum of Contemporary Art. He curated exhibitions himself, for example in the Lincoln Center, and was director of the film and video arts department at the Academy of Arts (2015 - 2018).
Rosa von Praunheim had many large and well-regarded film screenings and premieres in the USA, for example at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City (more than 15 times), at The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh, in the Wheeler Hall of the University of California, Berkeley and at film festivals across the country. For example, he won the Creative Vision Award of the Rhode Island International Film Festival. The American Cinematheque in Hollywood honored von Praunheim with a retrospective in 1997 as "a fearless international pioneer of gay cinema". In 1986, the first edition of the Gay Cinema Festival in Toronto held a Rosa von Praunheim retrospective to honor the director as "the dean of Berlin's underground filmmakers". In Canada, his films were also shown at the Montreal World Film Festival, among other places. Several of the director's films premiered in Great Britain at the Edinburgh International Film Festival and in Australia at the Sydney Film Festival. The Tate Modern in London also showed Rosa von Praunheim's films. Mardi Gras Film Festival Sydney honored von Praunheim in a film series about the most important queer filmmakers.
Queer film festival Ciclo Rosa (Zyklos Rosa) in Bogotá was named in honor of Rosa von Praunheim. In South America, von Praunheim's films were shown at the Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema and São Paulo International Film Festival, among other places. In Asia, for example, at the Shanghai International Film Festival, the Hong Kong International Film Festival, the Taipei Film Festival and the Tokyo International Lesbian & Gay Film Festival. Von Praunheim was represented at many A film festivals worldwide, often several times. He had more than 20 films at the Berlin International Film Festival, making him record holder there, and had numerous retrospectives in many countries.
His films are also evaluated in an academic context and shown at universities, for example at Beaux-Arts de Paris, The Courtauld Institute of Art London, University of Pennsylvania, Columbia University in New York City and Harvard University in Cambridge.
Von Praunheim's work has found its way into various academic papers and publications, including from Stanford University and Oxford University.
His film Survival in New York (1989) became von Praunheim's most commercially successful film in Germany, which was followed 20 years later by the sequel New York Memories (2009).
He is also successful as a theater director, winning the Jury-Award at the Theater Authors Days (2018) at the Deutsches Theater Berlin for his play Hitler's Goat and the King's Haemorrhoids.
The magazine The Advocate selected von Praunheim among the world's 50 most important queer people in the fields of activism, art and culture. On the occasion of von Praunheim's 75th birthday (2017), President of Germany Frank-Walter Steinmeier thanked him publicly for his artistic work and social commitment: "My congratulations go to an exceptional artist who, with his extensive cinematic oeuvre, has succeeded in intervening in social reality and changing it [...]." Von Praunheim has received numerous awards for his films and queer political work.
Personal life
Von Praunheim lives in Berlin with his husband , a German author, director and activist for Mental Health.
Books (selection)
Männer, Rauschgift und der Tod. 1967
Oh Muvie. 1968, Fotoroman mit Elfie Mikesch
Sex und Karriere. Rowohlt TB-V., 1978,
Armee der Liebenden oder Aufstand der Perversen. 1979,
Gibt es Sex nach dem Tode. Prometh Verlag, 1981,
Rote "Liebe": ein Gespräch mit Helga Goetze. Prometh Verl., 1982,
50 Jahre pervers. Die sentimentalen Memoiren des Rosa von Praunheim. Verlag Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1993,
Folge dem Fieber und tanze: Briefwechsel mit Mario Wirz. Aufbau-Verlag, 1995
Mein Armloch. Martin Schmitz Verlag, 2002, Gedichte
Die Rache der alten dicken Tunte. 2006, Fotobuch
Die Bettwurst und meine Tante Lucy. 2006, Fotobuch
Selected filmography
1969: Sisters of the Revolution
1971: The Bed Sausage
1971: It Is Not the Homosexual Who Is Perverse, But the Society in Which He Lives
1974: Axel von Auersperg
1975: Berlin Bed Sausage
1979: Tally Brown, New York
1979: Army of Lovers or Revolt of the Perverts
1981: Unsere Leichen leben noch
1982: Red Love
1983: City of Lost Souls
1984: Horror vacui
1986: A Virus Knows no Morals
1987: Anita: Dances of Vice
1987: Dolly, Lotte and Maria
1989: Survival in New York
1990: Positive
1990: Silence = Death
1990: Life Is Like a Cucumber
1992: I Am My Own Woman
1995: Neurosia: 50 Years of Perversity
1996: Transexual Menace
1999: The Einstein of Sex
1999: Can I Be Your Bratwurst, Please?
1999: Wunderbares Wrodow
2000: Fassbinder's Women
2001: Tunten lügen nicht
2002: Kühe vom Nebel geschwängert
2002: Pfui Rosa!
2002: Queens Don't Lie
2005: Men, Heroes and Gay Nazis
2005: Your Heart in My Head
2007: Two Mothers
2008: The Pink Giant
2009: History of Hell
2010: New York Memories
2011: Rent Boys
2012: King of Comics
2012: Rosa's World
2014: Praunheim Memoires
2014: How I Learned to Love the Numbers (as producer)
2015: Tough Love
2016: Welcome All Sexes - 30 Years Teddy Awards
2017: ACT! Who am I?
2017: Survival in Neukölln
2018: Friendship of Men
2019: Darkroom - Drops of Death
2022: Rex Gildo - The Last Dance
Notes
References
Kuzniar, Alice. The Queer German Cinema, Stanford University Press, 2000,
Murray, Raymond. Images in the Dark: An Encyclopedia of Gay and Lesbian Film and Video. TLA Publications, 1994,
Zielinski, Ger. Rebel with a Cause: An Interview with Rosa Von Praunheim. Cinéaste, vol. 37, no. 3, 2012.
External links
(in German and English)
Rosa von Praunheim in the Video Data Bank
Film people from Riga
Baltic-German people
Film directors from Frankfurt
German autobiographers
LGBT rights activists from Germany
Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin
LGBT film directors
LGBT artists from Germany
1942 births
Living people
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
German adoptees |
5384586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%20Hunt | Blood Hunt | Blood Hunt is a 1995 crime novel by Ian Rankin, under the pseudonym "Jack Harvey". It is the third novel he wrote under this name.
Plot summary
Gordon Reeve, a former SAS soldier, receives a phone call in his home in Scotland, informing him that his brother Jim has been found dead in a car in San Diego - the car being locked from the inside, and the gun still in Jim's hand. While in the USA to identify the body, Gordon realises that his brother was murdered, and that the police are more than reluctant to follow any lead. Retracing Jim's final hours, he connects Jim's death with his work as a journalist, investigating a multinational chemical corporation. Soon, Gordon finds himself under surveillance, and decides to find out more among Jim's acquaintances back in Europe.
In London, he finds more hints, but no evidence for his brother's sources. After returning to his wife and son, he finds that his home has been bugged by professionals. Sending his wife and son to a relative, he determines to take on his enemy on his own. There are two parties after him: The multinational corporation, represented by "Jay", a renegade SAS member, and an international investigation corporation, somehow connected with the case.
Travelling to France, in order to find out more from a journalist colleague of Jim's, they are attacked by a group of professional killers under orders from Jay, resulting in multiple deaths, and leading to Gordon becoming a police target. Gordon decides to return to the USA, where he infiltrates the investigation corporation, and learns more about the history of the case. Then he travels to San Diego, to collect more evidence, and eventually returns to England, deliberately leaving a trail for Jay. Their long enmity leads Jay to follow Gordon to Scotland, where Gordon kills him and his team in a final showdown. Gordon manages to locate Jim's hidden journalistic material, hopefully clearing Jim's and his own name.
Connections to other Rankin books
Gordon Reeve was the villain in Rankin's first Inspector Rebus novel, Knots and Crosses. Rankin stated on his website that he used an alternate version of Reeve as the protagonist in his last "Jack Harvey" novel to give the Harvey period a "sense of 'closure'".
References
1995 British novels
Thriller novels
Novels by Ian Rankin
Works published under a pseudonym
Novels set in San Diego
Headline Publishing Group books |
5384595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okladnikov | Okladnikov | Okladnikov may refer to:
Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov, a Soviet archaeologist, historian, and ethnographer
Okladnikov Cave, a paleoanthropological site in Siberia containing the fossil remains of Neanderthals |
5384599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Obenshain | Mark Obenshain | Mark Dudley Obenshain (born June 11, 1962) is an American attorney and politician. He is currently serving as a member of the Senate of Virginia from Harrisonburg. He is a member of the Republican Party. He took office in 2004. At the 2013 state Republican convention he became the Republican nominee in the 2013 election for Attorney General of Virginia.
Political career
Obenshain has accumulated a conservative voting record since his election to the Shenandoah Valley's 26th state senate district in 2003. Obenshain's 2003 victory was a 68-32% win over former Harrisonburg mayor Rodney Eagle for an open seat.
In the Senate, Obenshain is a member of the Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Resources, Courts of Justice, Local Government, and the Privileges and Elections Committee. For fundraising and organizational purposes he is a member of the conservative Republican Senate Victory PAC.
In 2007, Obenshain easily won reelection over Democrat Maxine Hope Roles 70-29 percent. Obenshain ran for re-election unopposed in 2011. Obenshain was the Republican nominee for Attorney General of Virginia, losing to Democrat Mark Herring in the 2013 Election and formally conceding on December 18.
Miscarriage reporting bill
During his run for attorney general in 2013, Obenshain was criticized for a bill he introduced in 2009 which would have required women who had miscarriages without medical attendance to report it to authorities within 24 hours. Obenshain explained that he introduced the bill in response to the case of a Virginia woman who threw her dead newborn baby's body into the trash, and was trying to create a bill to allow law enforcement to prosecute a woman in that circumstance. However, the legislation that emerged "was far too broad, and would have had ramifications that neither he nor the Commonwealth's attorney's office ever intended," and after being unable to resolve the problem of women potentially being prosecuted for miscarriages, he withdrew the bill and stated that he is "strongly against imposing any added burden for women who suffer a miscarriage, and that was never the intent of the legislation."
The bill, as proposed by Obenshain, would have required that when a fetal death occurred without medical attendance upon the mother at or after the delivery or abortion, the mother or someone acting on her behalf, within twenty-four hours, report the fetal death, location of the remains, and identity of the mother to the local or state police or sheriff's department of the city or county where the fetal death occurred. The bill also specified that no one should remove, destroy, or otherwise dispose of any remains without the express authorization of law-enforcement officials or the medical examiner, and that a violation of the statute would constitute a Class 1 misdemeanor.
Personal life
Obenshain is married to Suzanne Speas Obenshain and is the founder of the Obenshain Law Group. Obenshain is a member of First Presbyterian Church and a former director of the Harrisonburg Rotary Club. Prior to joining the Senate, Obenshain was also a member of James Madison University's Board of Visitors and the Governor's Advisory Commission on Welfare Reform.
Obenshain studied economics and history at Virginia Tech then attended Washington and Lee School of Law. Obenshain is the son of former Virginia Republican Committee Chairman Richard D. Obenshain and the brother of another past Chairman, Kate Obenshain.
References
External links
Senator Mark D. Obenshain at the Senate of Virginia
Mark D Obenshain at the Virginia Public Access Project
Senator Mark Obenshain (R-Harrisonburg) at Sunlight Richmond
1962 births
American Presbyterians
Living people
People from Harrisonburg, Virginia
Politicians from Richmond, Virginia
Virginia lawyers
Virginia Republicans
Virginia state senators
Virginia Tech alumni
Washington and Lee University School of Law alumni
21st-century American politicians
Lawyers from Richmond, Virginia
Conservatism in the United States |
5384618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Out-of-Towners%20%281970%20film%29 | The Out-of-Towners (1970 film) | The Out-of-Towners is a 1970 American comedy film written by Neil Simon, directed by Arthur Hiller, and starring Jack Lemmon and Sandy Dennis. It was released by Paramount Pictures on May 28, 1970. The film centers on the many troubles George and Gwen Kellerman encounter as they travel from their home in suburban Ohio to New York City, where George, a sales executive, has a job interview.
Plot
The plot revolves around Gwen and George Kellerman, whose company has invited him to interview for a possible job promotion in New York City. From the moment they depart their home town of Twin Oaks, Ohio, the couple suffers nearly every indignity out-of-towners possibly could experience: Heavy air traffic and dense fog forces their flight to circle around JFK Airport and the New York skyline for hours before finally being rerouted to Boston's Logan Airport, where they discover their luggage – in which George's ulcer medication and Gwen's extra cash are packed – was left behind.
Just missing the train at South Station in Boston, they chase it to the next stop by cab, board it (it is extremely overcrowded), and wait two hours for seats in the dining car, only to discover the only food left is peanut butter sandwiches, green olives, and crackers, with nothing to drink but tonic water and clam juice ("but they ain't cold"). Upon arrival at Grand Central Terminal in New York by 2:00am, they discover that the city's subway and bus drivers, taxicab drivers, and sanitation workers are all on strike. Making their way the eight long city blocks to the Waldorf-Astoria on foot past tons of garbage in a torrential downpour, they discover upon arrival at the hotel their reservation, guaranteed for a 10:00pm arrival – it is now nearly 3:00am - has been given away, and the hotel, like every other one in the city, is booked to capacity due to the strikes.
What follows is a series of calamities that includes being robbed at gunpoint by a spurious good Samaritan, a man named Murray; the apparent apathy of the police when the Kellermans report the robbery; kidnapping by armed liquor store robbers after a high-speed chase while the Kellermans are riding in a police car en route to an armory; being mugged while sleeping in Central Park; George cracking a tooth on stale Cracker Jacks left by a rambunctious Great Dane under Trefoil Arch; Gwen's broken heels; accusations of child molestation; Gwen losing her ring; being kicked off a bus because they can't pay the fare; an exploding manhole cover; expulsion from a church; and an attack by protestors in front of the Cuban embassy. With each successive catastrophe, George angrily writes down each perpetrator's name and promises to sue them or their company when he returns home.
The only thing that goes right for George is that he somehow manages to arrive on time for his 9:00am interview, unshaven, wearing rumpled clothing, a broken tooth, and virtually no food or sleep in nearly 24 hours. After George returns to the hotel with a very lucrative promotion, Gwen helps George realize an upwardly mobile move to New York City is not what they truly cherish after the urban problems and indignities they have suffered through, and both make the decision to remain in their small town in Ohio, only to be subjected to one more major catastrophe on the return trip—their flight home is hijacked to Cuba. Gwen says "Oh my god!" (which she had said various other times during the movie) ending the film.
Cast
Release
The film had its premiere May 28, 1970 at Radio City Music Hall in New York before a general release on June 24 in 326 theaters in all major US cities.
Reception
Critical reception
As of June 2020, the film holds a rating of 63% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 16 reviews, with an average score of 5.88/10.
Roger Greenspun of The New York Times wrote that the film "fails so insistently that it seems a conscious exercise in dulled insights and mixed opportunities. Except for a few minor artifices ... it never improves upon the most predictable disasters or relents from that mechanical reiteration of characteristics (no character) upon which Neil Simon seems to have built his career." Arthur D. Murphy of Variety called the film "a total delight." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film two stars out of four and wrote that Simon "has given his screenplay more play than screen. There's much too much dialog, and each gag has the same syntax." Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times stated, "There are a number of laughs in 'The Out-of-Towners' but only the shut-ins on Baffin Bay will genuinely be able to regard it as escapist fare. It is too close to truth for comfort, or unmitigated hilarity." Gary Arnold of The Washington Post described the film as "no mean let-down," explaining that "Simon has missed the point by making his leading characters unattractive. Lemmon and Miss Dennis need to be an easygoing, tolerant and sensible couple. Instead, they're a nagging and childish couple, and although audiences may be laughing at their stupidity and the disasters that befall them, I doubt if anyone is laughing out of a basic, shared sense of recognition or human sympathy."
Box office
The film grossed $250,000 in its opening week at Radio City Music Hall, finishing joint ninth at the US box office with Beneath the Planet of the Apes which opened the same week. It reached number one in its eleventh week of release with a gross of $550,237.
Awards
Both Lemmon and Dennis were nominated for Golden Globe awards in the comedy acting categories. Simon's screenplay won him the Writers Guild of America award for Best Comedy Written Directly for the Screen.
Remake
The movie was later remade in 1999 with Steve Martin, Goldie Hawn and John Cleese.
See also
List of American films of 1970
References
External links
1970 films
1970 comedy films
American comedy films
Films directed by Arthur Hiller
Films scored by Quincy Jones
Films set in Boston
Films set in New York City
Films shot in Boston
Films shot in New York (state)
Films shot in New York City
Films with screenplays by Neil Simon
Paramount Pictures films
1970s English-language films
1970s American films |
5384623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex%20and%20drugs | Sex and drugs | Sex and drugs date back to ancient humans and have been interlocked throughout human history. Both legal and illegal, the consumption of drugs and their effects on the human body encompasses all aspects of sex, including desire, performance, pleasure, conception, gestation, and disease.
There are many different types of drugs that are commonly associated with their effects on sex, including alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, MDMA, GHB, amphetamines, opioids, antidepressants, and many others.
Disinhibition
Drugs are frequently associated with reduced sexual inhibition, both when used voluntarily in social circumstances, and involuntarily, as in the case of some date rape drugs. Because the use of drugs, including alcohol, is commonly presented as an excuse for risky or socially unacceptable behavior, it is necessary to treat the idea of a direct causal relation between drug use and unsafe sex with caution. Drugs may provide a socially acceptable excuse for engaging in sexual behaviors in which people may want to engage but perhaps feel that they should not.
Sexual function
Some forms of sexual dysfunction such as erectile dysfunction can be treated with drugs. Because of their effects, erectile dysfunction drugs are sometimes used for recreational purposes. Many drugs, both legal and illegal, some sold online, have side effects that affect the user's sexual function. Many drugs can cause loss of libido as a side effect.
Since a partial cause of the refractory period is the inhibition of dopamine by an orgasm-induced secretion of prolactin, such potent dopamine receptor agonists as cabergoline may help achieve multiple orgasms as well as the retention of sexual arousal for longer periods of time.
Sexual activity, drug use, and risks
According to some studies, up to 22.1% of teenagers abused substances during their most recent sexual experience.
Likewise, studies have shown adolescents who regularly abuse substances are more likely to initiate sexual activity at an earlier age, have a more significant number of sexual partners, and engage in unprotected sex more often.
Additionally, substance abuse has been linked to an increased risk of Sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Types of drugs and effects
Cannabis
Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance. Studies on Cannabis and sex have shown that THC has been linked to improved sexual desire and function. Specifically, in one study, 70 percent of users said marijuana was an aphrodisiac, and 81 percent said it improved their sexual pleasure and satisfaction.
Other research has found that long-term marijuana use lowers testosterone levels and other reproductive hormones, causing erectile dysfunction in males.
Alcohol
Alcohol inhibits neuronal excitability through acting on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. Alcohol is often accessible in a number of social situations across many cultures and is frequently connected with uninhibited social activities. Alcohol has been shown in human research to have surprising effects on the human libido.
While some studies indicates that alcohol improves sexual behavior and desire, other research indicates that alcohol impairs sexual function.
The conditions under which the drinking occurs, laboratory research vs self-report studies from users, as well as the amounts of alcohol consumed, may all contribute to these controversial outcomes.
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that while low blood alcohol levels have no effect on or slightly enhance sexual arousal and responsiveness in men, elevated blood alcohol levels result in decreased erectile responsiveness, decreased arousal, and impaired ability to ejaculate. Other laboratory research, on the other hand, found no significant influence of either low or high blood alcohol levels on measures of arousal.
Even with mild alcohol use, women have decreased vaginal flow responses. In apparent contrast, women self-report heightened sexual desire and pleasure when they consume more alcohol and are more likely to engage in sexual activities with someone when intoxicated.
Heavy alcohol intake impairs sexual and reproductive function, erectile, and ejaculatory dysfunction in males, and sexual arousal, interest, and orgasm in women.
Alcohol and sex although alcohol may have varying impacts on sexual performance depending on the amount drank, it generally impairs sexual functioning and contributes to increased sexual risk taking.
Cocaine
Cocaine is a potent psycho-stimulant that boosts dopamine levels by inhibiting dopamine transporters. It has been often linked to enhanced libido and risk-taking behavior in humans.
Cocaine has been observed to increase sexual arousal or to trigger spontaneous erections and orgasms.
In contrast, other data has shown that persistent cocaine use impairs sexual desire and the capacity of both men and females to achieve orgasm.
MDMA
MDMA or "ecstasy" originally gained popularity in the 1980s among college students. According to a survey conducted, 10% of college students at a big US institution reported using MDMA, with alcohol and marijuana being the most often used substances. MDMA users report increased enjoyment in physical contact and proximity rather than a sexual experience. MDMA has been shown to impair sexual performance, including erectile dysfunction and delayed orgasm, as well as to suppress sex desire.
2C-B
2C-B was first sold commercially in 5 mg pills as a purported aphrodisiac under the trade name "Erox", which was manufactured by the German pharmaceutical company Drittewelle. While being primarily a psychedelic it is also a mild entactogen.
Antidepressants
Psychiatrists and doctors commonly prescribe different types of antidepressants to patients. SSRIs, SNRIs, and NDRIs are the most common types of antidepressants. Each has slightly different effects on sexual functioning, but generally, it has been found that antidepressants can delay/decrease orgasms and cause females to have breast enlargement.
The side effects on sexual functioning can impact mental health and quality of life. However, the decrease in depressive symptoms from antidepressants make it worth the sexual side effects for many people. They can be managed by changing the dose, switching drugs, or taking “antidotes”. Maca, a plant that grows in central Peru, aids with sexual dysfunction caused by antidepressant drugs for women. There are specific Maca products that can also increase sexual desire in men.
Opioids
Opioids (also known as narcotics) such as morphine and heroin attach to opioid receptors in the brain. These substances have long been known to inhibit sexual behavior.
Similar to the effects of psycho-stimulants, both men and women who use heroin report engaging in high-risk sexual practices.
Subjects typically report having several sexual partners, using condoms seldom or not at all, and having a high frequency of STI diagnosis.
While small doses of heroin may enhance sexual desire and performance, chronic opiate use, including methadone and buprenorphine, synthetic and semi-synthetic opiates prescribed for opiate addiction treatment, results in decreased sexual desire, response, and orgasms for both men and women, as well as erectile, ejaculatory dysfunction, and vaginismus.
Amphetamines
Amphetamines may lead to an increase in sexual drive and delay in orgasm.
Date rape drugs
A date rape drug is any drug that is an incapacitating agent which—when administered to another person—incapacitates the person and renders them vulnerable to a drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA), including rape. One of the most common types of DFSA are those in which a victim consumes a recreational drug such as alcohol that was administered surreptitiously. The other most common form of DFSA involves the non-surreptitiously-administered consumption of alcohol. Here, the victims in these cases are drinking voluntarily which then makes them unable to make informed decisions or give consent.
Society and culture
Chemsex
Party and play, or chemsex, is the consumption of drugs to facilitate sexual activity. Sociologically, both terms refer to a subculture of recreational drug users who engage in high-risk sexual activities under the influence of drugs within groups. The term PnP is commonly used by gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in North America, while chemsex is more associated with the gay scene in Europe. The drug of choice is typically methamphetamine, known as tina or T, but other drugs are also used, such as mephedrone, GHB, GBL and alkyl nitrites (known as poppers).
Contraception and abortion
Drug-based contraception has been available since the development of the contraceptive pill. As well as their contraceptive effects, contraceptive drugs can also have adverse sexual and reproductive side-effects. Prior to the availability of effective contraceptives, some substances were also used as abortifacients to terminate pregnancy; medical abortion exists as a modern medical practice.
See also
Abortifacient
Aphrodisiac
Date rape drug
Hormonal contraception
Methamphetamine and sex
Nitrite inhalants
Party and play
Sex and alcohol
Wine, women, and song
References
Pharmacology
Drug culture
Sexology
Drugs |
5384628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications%20in%20Montenegro | Telecommunications in Montenegro | Telecommunications in Montenegro includes radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.
Radio and television
Radio stations:
14 local public radio stations and more than 40 private radio stations, the state-funded national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 radio networks (2007);
31 stations (2004).
Television stations:
4 public and some 20 private TV stations and 1 satellite TV channel, the state-funded national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial TV networks (2007);
13 stations (2004).
Radio Television of Montenegro (RTCG) is the state-owned public broadcaster with nationwide coverage. Other privately owned television broadcast stations mostly cover the major cities in Montenegro.
Government opponents claim that, despite some improvement, RTCG is still controlled by the ruling political structures and that the public broadcaster clearly favors the government in its programming and reporting.
Telephones
Calling code: +382
Main lines: 163,000 lines in use, 131st in the world (2012).
Fixed line services are provided by T-Com Montenegro (owned by Crnogorski Telekom), MTEL (owned by Telekom Srbija).
Mobile cellular: 1.1 million lines, 154th in the world; 178 for every 100 people, 9th in the world (2012).
Mobile cellular services are provided by three GSM operators, Telenor Montenegro (owned by Telenor), T-Mobile Montenegro (owned by Crnogorski Telekom) and m:tel (owned by Telekom Srbija). All providers have national coverage, and provide advanced services. 3G services were offered by all three operators starting in the summer of 2007.
Telephone system: modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites; GSM mobile-cellular service, available through multiple providers with national coverage, is growing; 2 international switches connect with the national system (2011).
At 178% Montenegro had the second highest mobile cellular phone penetration rate in Europe, behind only Russia, and ranked 9th worldwide.
Internet
Top-level domain: .me, the top level domain for Montenegro, began its "national sunrise" starting phase in May 2008; next were the "general sunrise" and "land rush" periods; and starting in July 2008, applications were processed on a "first come, first served" basis.
Internet users:
373,655 users, 134th in the world; 56.8% of the population, 70th in the world (2012).
280,000 users, 133rd in the world (2009).
Fixed broadband: 54,439 subscriptions, 112th in the world; 8.3% of the population, 90th in the world (2012).
Wireless broadband: 177,437 subscriptions, 112th in the world; 27.0% of the population, 59th in the world (2012).
IPv4: 171,520 addresses allocated, less than 0.05% of the world total, 260.9 addresses per 1000 people (2012).
Internet hosts: 10,088 hosts 135th in the world (2012).
Internet services are provided by Crnogorski Telekom and MTEL. Crnogorski Telekom provides dial-up and ADSL access, while MTEL provides WiMAX access.
In October 2010, there were 2,347 dial-up connections and 63,155 broadband connections.
ADSL became available in Montenegro in 2005. So far, the sole provider of ADSL services in Montenegro is Crnogorski Telekom. There were 55,443 ADSL connections in Montenegro in October 2010, which makes ADSL the most popular Internet access technology in the country. Speeds up to 7 Mbit/s downstream are available. Recently, the company started to connect end users with fiber optics, with speeds up to 40 Mbit/s downstream. However, currently their "fiber to the home" offer is only available in half of the Podgorica (the capital city), and in a few small areas on the coast.
Another broadband Internet provider is M-Kabl, who uses DOCSIS technology. Speeds up to 16 Mbit/s downstream are available with an 18-month contract. However they only operate in major cities.
WiMAX access is provided by MTEL, and also by WiMax Montenegro. There were 7,381 WiMAX connections in Montenegro in October 2010. Speeds of up to 4 Mbit/s down and 1 Mbit/s up are available.
Internet censorship and surveillance
There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet. Until ordered to cease doing so in March 2011, one of the country’s principal Internet service providers gave police direct access to all forms of communications carried on its servers. It is unknown whether authorities made use of this access to monitor e-mail or Internet Web sites or chat rooms. There is no evidence that the government collects or discloses personally identifiable information about individuals based on the individual's peaceful expression of political, religious, or ideological opinion or belief.
The constitution and law provide for freedom of speech and press, but there are some restrictions. The law criminalizes inciting hatred and intolerance on national, racial, and religious grounds, and there have been prosecutions on these grounds. Individuals can criticize the government publicly or privately without reprisal. Following the repeal of the criminal libel law in 2011, parliament enacted a law on amnesty to pardon persons convicted of defamation and insult.
In March 2012, representatives of 19 print and electronic media outlets formed a media council for self-regulation. However, some of the most influential media declined to join what they described as an excessively progovernment group. They indicated that they would form a separate self-regulatory mechanism. A group of small local media outlets from the northern region of the country established their own self-regulation council.
The constitution and law prohibit arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence without court approval or legal necessity, and prohibit police from searching a residence or conducting undercover or monitoring operations without a warrant. The government generally respects the prohibitions relating to physical and property searches, but has been less compliant regarding digital privacy.
The law requires the Agency for National Security (ANB) to obtain court authorization for wiretaps, but authorities reportedly use wiretapping and surveillance inappropriately against opposition parties, the international community, NGOs, and other groups without appropriate legal authority. The NGO Alternativa stated that during 2011, the ANB performed secret surveillance and data collection against 113 persons. NGOs claimed that police and the state prosecutor’s office illegally monitor citizens' electronic communications and fail to account for how many people or Internet addresses they monitor.
See also
Media of Montenegro
References
External links
domain.me, .me domain registry.
Montenegro Agency for Electronic Communications and Postal Services
Montenegro
Montenegro |
5384639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverleigh%2C%20Victoria | Inverleigh, Victoria | Inverleigh is a town in Victoria, Australia located west from the City of Geelong and from the state capital, Melbourne. The town is divided between Golden Plains Shire and Surf Coast Shire. In the 2021 census, the central area of Inverleigh had a population of 1,746. Inverleigh is known to be a popular stopover destination on the way to Lorne. The Inverleigh Hotel is very popular attracting customers from Geelong.
Since the mid-1970s Inverleigh has become a dormitory suburb of Geelong. Development of larger blocks to the north of town has led to a doubling of residents in the last 25 years. Some residents have decided that it is feasible to commute to Melbourne. The opening of the Geelong Ring Road improved access to Melbourne which is now an 70-minute drive away.
History
Very little has been recorded of the original inhabitants of the area. The few records available are reports of conflict. In the summer of 1837-38 a band of aborigines attacked the lower station of the Clyde Company (near Lullote) with two aborigines being killed and another injured and in 1839 George Russell reported natives sheep duffing.
It has been speculated that the first European to arrive in Inverleigh was William Buckley, but the first European known to have visited Inverleigh was the surveyor J.H. Wedge who arrived in 1835, probably naming the Leigh River after his Tasmanian farm 'Leighlands'.
Very soon thereafter the Weatherboard Station land was taken up either by George Russell or by station manager David Fisher on behalf of The Derwent Company. It was claimed that the weatherboard homestead built by the station manager was Victoria's first weatherboard homestead. The name of the station is now commemorated by Weatherboard Road.
Inverleigh Primary School began as a Presbyterian church school in 1865 and was taken over by the Victorian government in 1873. A residence was built at the school in 1912, while the school was extended in 1956. The school had 170 students in 2015.
A second school, Murkeduke State School, opened south-west of the township on 10 September 1917 and closed on 2 August 1932.
The Post Office opened on 11 October 1856.
The Prefabricated Iron Cottage at 24 Weatherboard Road, Inverleigh, is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register for its historical and architectural significance.
The town today
The town has an Australian Rules football team, the Inverleigh Football Club, competing in the Geelong & District Football League.
The town has an award-winning hotel, specializing in T Bones from the "secret menu"
The town also has a lawn bowling club with one synthetic green.
Golfers play at the course of the Inverleigh Golf Club on Common Road.
The railway station is closed to passengers, being a siding on the Western standard gauge line between Melbourne and Adelaide. Inverleigh is from Melbourne by rail.
References
External links
www.inverleigh.net - Inverleigh Progress Association
www.inverleighhotel.com.au - Inverleigh Hotel
Towns in Victoria (Australia) |
5384642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Out-of-Towners%20%281999%20film%29 | The Out-of-Towners (1999 film) | The Out-of-Towners is a 1999 American comedy film starring Steve Martin and Goldie Hawn. It is a remake of the 1970 film of the same name written by Neil Simon and starring Jack Lemmon and Sandy Dennis.
Plot
Henry and Nancy Clark are a couple living in a quiet Ohio town. Married for 27 years, their last child has left home and Nancy is suffering from empty nest syndrome. Unbeknownst to her, Henry has lost his job due to corporate downsizing and has an interview in New York. Nancy sneaks on the plane with him and they begin a disastrous series of misadventures. Their plane is rerouted to Boston, their luggage is lost, they are mugged at gunpoint and their daughter has used their credit card to the point where it has reached its limit. They are thrown out of their hotel by a pompous manager named Mersault who also indulges in secretly cross dressing using guests' clothing. Forced to live by their wits on the street, the couple find themselves caught up in a robbery and chased by the police through Central Park. In the end, Henry aces his job interview and the two begin a new life together in New York City. Henry and Nancy (as well as Mersault openly in full-drag) go to see their daughter perform on Broadway.
Cast
Steve Martin as Henry Clark
Goldie Hawn as Nancy Clark
Mark McKinney as Greg
Oliver Hudson as Alan Clark
John Cleese as Mr. Mersault
Production
Steve Martin and Goldie Hawn first worked together in Housesitter (1992).
Henry and Nancy Clark's son Alan is played by Goldie Hawn's real-life son, Oliver Hudson.
Much footage from the film was reportedly stolen, which resulted in many scenes having to be reshot.
Reception
The Out-of-Towners was a disappointment critically and commercially. It has a 26% rating on the Rotten Tomatoes website from 38 reviews. The site's consensus states: "Solid source material and a cast of talented comedians aren't enough to make The Out-of-Towners worth hosting on a screen of any size." Roger Ebert commented that the movie "was not a proud moment in the often-inspired careers of Martin and Hawn." Most of the negative reviews point to Cleese as the only redeeming factor of the film.
See also
List of American films of 1999
References
External links
The Out-of-Towners at Box Office Mojo
1999 films
1999 comedy films
American comedy films
Remakes of American films
1990s English-language films
Films set in Boston
Films set in New York City
Films shot in Massachusetts
Films shot in New York City
Paramount Pictures films
Films based on works by Neil Simon
Films directed by Sam Weisman
Films with screenplays by Marc Lawrence
Films produced by Robert Evans
Films scored by Marc Shaiman
1990s American films |
5384655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittenden-1-1%20Vermont%20Representative%20District%2C%202002%E2%80%932012 | Chittenden-1-1 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012 | The Chittenden-1-1 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one- or two-member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. Census.
The Chittenden-1-1 District includes all of the Chittenden County town of Hinesburg:
The rest of Hinesburg is in Chittenden-1-2.
As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Chittenden-1-1 District had a population of 4,185 in that same census, 3.1% above the state average.
District Representative
William J. Lippert, Democrat
See also
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2005-2006 session
Vermont Representative Districts, 2002-2012
External links
Detail map of the Chittenden-1-1, Chittenden-1-2, Chittenden-5-1, and Chittenden-5-2 districts
Vermont Statute defining legislative districts
Vermont House districts -- Statistics
Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012
Hinesburg, Vermont |
5384658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua%20Homer | Joshua Homer | Joshua Attwood Reynolds Homer (August 1, 1827 – September 20, 1886) was a Canadian Member of Parliament from British Columbia.
The son of Joseph Homer, he was born in Barrington, Nova Scotia and educated there, but later moved to the British Columbia Colony, settling in New Westminster in 1858, and becoming a merchant. In 1860, he married Sophie Wilson. In 1863, he was elected to the first Colonial Assembly of British Columbia. Homer was reelected in 1864. Homer eventually became High Sheriff for the colony. In that capacity, he declared the union with Vancouver Island on behalf of Governor Frederick Seymour in 1866.
Homer was a Liberal-Conservative candidate in New Westminster during the 1874 federal election but lost to Liberal James Cunningham. Homer was later elected Member of Parliament in an 1882 by-election when incumbent Thomas Robert McInnes resigned to accept an appointment in the Senate. His election was confirmed in the general election only six months later. Homer died in office in New Westminster before he could complete the term.
References
1827 births
1886 deaths
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
Members of the Colonial Assembly of British Columbia |
5384659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lena%20Pedersen | Lena Pedersen | Lena (Elizabeth Magdalena) Pedersen or Lena Pederson (born 1940, Greenland) is a politician and social worker from Nunavut, Canada. In 1959, she moved from Greenland to the Northwest Territories and lived in Coppermine (Kugluktuk), Pangnirtung and Rae (Behchoko) before moving to Cape Dorset where she participated in the artwork sales of the West Baffin Eskimo Co-operative.
Life and career
In the 1970 general election, Pedersen was the first woman elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories representing the Central Arctic District The elections ordinance was amended to allow women the vote and run for office prior to the 1951 Northwest Territories general election. Pedersen was not the first woman to run, however, as Vivian Roberts was a candidate in the 1951 election.
In 1999 she was appointed by premier Paul Okalik to the Maligarnit Qimirrujiit, Nunavut's Law Review Commission. Prior to her appointment, she served as a board member for the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada and the Northwest Territories Housing Corporation, and as a drug and alcohol program coordinator for Kugluktuk.
In 2003 Northwest Territories general election she ran in Yellowknife Centre but was defeated.
The former Lena Pederson (Kitikmeot) Boarding Home in Yellowknife, that was used by patients from Nunavut's Kitikmeot Region while on medical travel, was named in her honour.
She was, at one time, married to Red Pedersen and their grandson, Calvin Pedersen was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut in July 2020.
Quote
Regarding the geographic move of the Northwest Territories government and the effect on Eskimo Co-operatives, Pedersen is quoted as saying:
"The NWT Government moved North in 1967 to get closer to the people," but "it has achieved only to get closer in miles to some communities. It is still as far as or further removed from the people as it every was."— Lena Pedersen, 1974
Partial bibliography
Pedersen, Lena, and Donna Stephania. Crime Prevention in Kugluktuk. Ottawa: Caledon Institute of Social Policy, 1999.
References
External links
A lot of warmth in the Lena Pederson Boarding Home Nunatsiaq News September 24, 2004
Premier Paul Okalik appoints Maligarnit Qimirrujiit commissioners
Yellowknife Centre election results 2003 CBC
Still counting Woman electoral firsts list in Canada
Living people
1940 births
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
People from Behchoko
People from Kinngait
People from Kugluktuk
People from Pangnirtung
People from Yellowknife
Greenlandic emigrants to Canada
Canadian Inuit women
Greenlandic Inuit people
Women in Northwest Territories politics
Inuit from the Northwest Territories
Inuit from Nunavut |
5384666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20and%20Cosmas | Christopher and Cosmas | Christopher and Cosmas were two Japanese men, only known by their Christian names, who are recorded to have travelled across the Pacific on a Spanish galleon in 1587, and were later forced to accompany the English navigator Thomas Cavendish to England, Brazil and the Southern Atlantic, where they disappeared with the sinking of his ship in 1592.
Western accounts
Pacific crossing on a Spanish galleon
They are first mentioned by the navigator Francis Pretty, in Richard Hakluyt's account of the travels of Cavendish. He writes that on 4 November 1587 the 27-year-old Cavendish, with two ships the Desire (120 tons) and the Content (60 tons) intercepted a Spanish ship, a Manila galleon named Santa Ana, off the coast of Baja California (at Bernabe Bay, some 20 miles east of Cabo San Lucas). Cavendish disembarked the crew onshore, took the rich cargo, and put the ship on fire. But he also chose to keep with him several of the crew in view of his future voyages. In particular, he selected two young Japanese men:
On the 6th day of November following, we went into a harbour which is called by the Spaniards, Puerto Seguro. Here the whole company of the Spaniards, to the number of 190 persons were set onshore ... But before his departure, he took out of this great ship two young lads born in Japan, which could both write and read their own language.
The oldest one was about 20 years old and named Christopher (He is so named in English sources, but his original (Christian) name must have been Cristóbal or Cristóvão). The younger one was named Cosmas (probably Cosme or Gusmão) and was 16. Both of them were said to be very capable. They had converted to Catholicism back in Japan, where Iberian missions were flourishing since the 1540s. They were probably fluent to some degree in Portuguese or Castilian. (Under the Treaties of Tordesillas and Zaragoza, only Portuguese ships and mission could trade and establish in Asia. However, ships were crewed by Spaniards and Portuguese as both Kingdoms were under a dynastic union at the time).
Among the Spanish crew which was put ashore was the explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno, who would later play an essential role in the development of relations between New Spain and Japan.
Indian Ocean, Atlantic and England travels
Cavendish continued across the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean back to England. The two Japanese accompanied him all along, and probably stayed in England for about 3 years, since they are subsequently mentioned during the next mission of Cavendish to the Southern Atlantic, not in Hakluyt's Voyages, but in the writings of Samuel Purchas ("The admirable adventures and strange fortunes of Master Antonie Knivet, which went with Master Thomas Candish in his second voyage to the South Sea. 1591").
Brazil and the Southern Atlantic
Cavendish indeed left Plymouth for Brazil in August 1591, on a trip in which he would eventually lose his life. Parchas describes the role the two Japanese played in the hanging of a Portuguese man accompanying them on the ship:
The two Japanese whom Cavendish brought from his first voyage plotted to kill a poor Portuguese man in the following way (they denounced him to the Admiral out of jealousy). The Portuguese had mistakenly put his trust on them, as fellow Catholics -and, to some degree, Portuguese or Spanish speakers- kidnapped by English pirates. As the Admiral was seated having diner, the two Japanese came to his cabin, and speaking in a loud voice so that everybody could hear them, explained that the Portuguese man sailing with them was a traitor, who had repeatedly proposed them to flee to Brazil. And that he told them that, if God allowed the Admiral's desire to conquer the city of Santos, he would guide them to the southern seas, where they could get considerable reward in exchange for information. Based on this denunciation, the poor Portuguese man was hanged.
Christopher further appears in Knivet's diaries:
From our departure from England to our arrival in Santos, I had a very friendly relationship with the Japanese Christopher. This is because he had such an interesting personal history. This Indian and myself became very intimate with each other, so that we did not hide anything from each other. Since I had been trusting him for a long time, I told him about the gold I had found under the bed of a monk [during the attack of Santos]. He also talked about the gold he had found. We decided to split our money in two, by the grace of God. After four days, when time came to leave, he told me that the season was not good for sailing, and that we should hide our money ashore and leave it there. I became convinced, and agreed to what he was recommending. Secretly, we decided that, the day we were supposed to leave, he would go in a canoe with the gold, and hide it ashore. That morning, I gave him all my money, and he promised that he would return within two hours. I waited for five hours, and I thought I would have to wait for all my life. It finally turned out that he had already returned to the boat instead. Things finally turned out well, I obtained my money back, but our friendship was over from that day.
It is unclear from this passage whether Christopher actually tried to steal the gold from Knivet, or if the event resulted from a misunderstanding.
From this point, Christopher and Cosmas are not mentioned again in any sources. Cavendish and his ship Lester nearly met with disaster in the Strait of Magellan. Upon returning to Brazil they had a battle with the Portuguese, in which most of the men under Cavendish were killed. Cavendish took Lester across the ocean to Saint Helena, but his ship then disappeared. Christopher and Cosmas probably died as well during these events.
By going as far as the Strait of Magellan, Christopher and Cosmas came close to completing the first Japanese circumnavigation of the world. This would not happen until 1837 with the travels of Otokichi. (In 1804, the crew members of the Wakamiya-maru, who were castaways on Unalaska, Alaska, unintentionally accomplished this feat via Russian Empire with Nikolai Rezanov.)
Other Japanese travels
Christopher and Cosmas represent one of the first mentions of the travels of Japanese men across the Pacific. They illustrate the participation of Japanese sailors to the trans-Pacific trade of the Manila galleons, and also the willingness of contemporary ships to take on board sailors of various nationalities.
Numerous voyages would follow during the following century. Between 1598 and 1640, red seal ships would ply the Pacific for Asian trade, and embassies on Japanese-built Western-style ships would be sent to the Americas, in the persons of Tanaka Shōsuke (1610) and Hasekura Tsunenaga (1614).
In the end, following the first contacts with the West in 1543, the Japanese acquired the skills of transoceanic voyages and Western shipbuilding, before losing them with the closing of the country (sakoku) in 1640.
The next Japanese to reach England were likely the trio of Iwakichi, Kyukichi, and Otokichi in 1835, who had drifted across the Pacific in 1834 after being blown off course.
References
External links
The sacking of the galleon Santa Ana
The capture of the Santa Ana
Story of Christopher and Cosmas (Japanese)
16th-century births
16th-century deaths
Colonial Mexico
Japanese explorers |
5384691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Langley | Tommy Langley | Thomas William Langley (born 8 February 1958) is an English retired footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s as a striker. He is currently one of the hosts of Matchnight Live on Chelsea TV.
Club career
Chelsea
Langley began his career as an apprentice with Chelsea, making his debut in 1975 against Leicester City, when aged 16 years and 9 months. The club were relegated the same season and for the remainder of Langley's time there they bounced between the top two divisions. He first established himself in the side during Chelsea's first season back in the First Division in 1977–78, during which he scored 13 goals, making him the club's top scorer. The following year, Chelsea were near the bottom of the league all season and relegated by March, with Langley's 16 goals – more than three times the total managed by any of his teammates – a rare bright spot, for which he was voted club player of the year. During his career with Chelsea, he scored 43 goals in 152 games.
Queens Park Rangers
After Chelsea's failure to gain instant promotion in 1979–80, Langley joined Queens Park Rangers for £400,000 in August 1980. During his stint with QPR, he appeared in 25 games and scored 8 goals. including scoring against his old teammates on his debut, just two weeks after he switched from Chelsea and Scoring QPR's fastest league goal, after 12 seconds against Bolton on 11 October 1980.
Crystal Palace
Following his brief stay at QPR, Langley joined Crystal Palace in March 1981, for £200,000. where he played until 1983. During his time at Crystal Palace he appeared in 59 league games and scored 8 goals (71 and 10 in all competitions).
AEK Athens and Coventry City
In 1983, Langley left English football for a spell with AEK Athens. Langley only appeared in five matches for the Greek club and returned to England to play for Coventry City halfway into the season. Langley appeared in two games for Coventry. During his seven combined appearances with the two sides during the 1983–84 season, he did not score any goals.
Wolverhampton Wanderers
After a somewhat disappointing 1983–84 season, Langley joined Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1984 where he scored four goals in 23 appearances. He finished the 1984–85 season at Aldershot Town where he scored another four goals in 16 games.
South China AA
After his stint with the Wanderers and Aldershot, Langley left Europe in 1985 to play for Hong Kong-based South China.
Aldershot F.C.
After spending a year in Asia, Langley returned to England and rejoined Aldershot in 1986. He spent two more years with the club appearing in 81 matches and scoring 21 goals.
Exeter City
Langley then went on to finish his English career with Exeter City where he appeared in 21 matches scoring two goals during the 1988–89 season with the club.
Tampa Bay Rowdies
He left Europe for the second time in 1989 this time going to the United States to play for the now defunct Tampa Bay Rowdies in the American Soccer League.
International career
Langley won England Honours at Schoolboy, Under-21 and 'B' levels.
After football
After Langley's playing days were over, he has still been a part of the game with a career in sport media. He took on his first presenting role as a commentator on Chelsea Radio in 1997. After the radio show, Langley went on to his role as Football Reporter on Channel 5's Breakfast News. Langley joined Chelsea TV when it launched, as a regular guest on the Live From Stamford Bridge phone-in show. He is currently one of the semi-regular presenters on the show, Matchnight Live. He is also used as a co-commentator for Chelsea TV and is known to celebrate when Chelsea score important goals live on air. One such noted time was in Chelsea's 4–4 draw with Tottenham Hotspur, when Chelsea got the goal that gave them a 4–3 lead with three minutes to go, Langley let out a loud "YES". But when Spurs got the equaliser in stoppage time, a loud "NO" could be heard.
Immediately after leaving football, he joined Nashua in Bracknell where he was in dealer sales for copiers and fax machines. His colleague was his ex Aldershot teammate, Graham Cox.
References
External links
Tommy Langley on the Chelsea in America Celebrity Podcast (2009).
1958 births
American Soccer League (1988–89) players
Chelsea F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
AEK Athens F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Aldershot F.C. players
South China AA players
Exeter City F.C. players
Tampa Bay Rowdies (1975–1993) players
Slough Town F.C. players
Aylesbury United F.C. players
St Albans City F.C. players
Basingstoke Town F.C. players
Staines Town F.C. players
Wokingham Town F.C. players
English footballers
England B international footballers
England under-21 international footballers
Living people
Hong Kong First Division League players
Expatriate footballers in Hong Kong
Association football forwards
English expatriate sportspeople in Hong Kong
English expatriate footballers
English expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate soccer players in the United States |
5384719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20William%20Gordon | David William Gordon | David William Gordon (February 27, 1832 – February 19, 1893) was a Canadian politician from British Columbia.
Gordon was born in Camden Township, Upper Canada, the son of Michael Gordon. He went to California in 1856 and then moved to British Columbia in 1858, where he established himself as a professional architect and builder in Nanaimo, British Columbia. Gordon was a prominent citizen and one of the wealthiest men in the city. He ran as an unaffiliated candidate in the 1875 provincial election, losing a close race to John Bryden, an "opposition" candidate. Gordon was later successful in an 1877 by-election called because of Bryden’s resignation. He served as "government" member, supporting Premier George Anthony Walkem. He was unable to retain the seat in the following general election.
Gordon ran as a Liberal-Conservative candidate in the federal election just two months following his provincial defeat in 1878. He was unable to unseat incumbent Liberal Arthur Bunster in the Vancouver (Island) district. Gordon was not deterred and later defeated Bunster by a wide margin in the following election, in 1882. He was re-elected over a Conservative opponent 1887 and acclaimed in 1891. Gordon died in office in 1893.
Gordon was married twice: to Emma Elizabeth Robb in 1864 and to Statira Catherine Shepard in 1886.
References
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
1832 births
1893 deaths |
5384724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimm%20Reality | Grimm Reality | Grimm Reality is a BBC Books original novel written by Simon Bucher-Jones and Kelly Hale and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Eighth Doctor, Fitz and Anji.
The novel's secondary title is The Marvellous Adventures of Doctor Know-All.
Reception
Grimm Reality won Best Book in the 2001 Jade Pagoda Awards.
References
External links
The Cloister Library - Grimm Reality
2001 British novels
2001 science fiction novels
Eighth Doctor Adventures
Novels by Simon Bucher-Jones
Novels by Kelly Hale
British science fiction novels |
5384739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former%20V%26D%20Heerlen | Former V&D Heerlen | The former V&D in Heerlen was designed by Frits Peutz (best known for the Glaspaleis) in 1958 as part of the store chain Vroom & Dreesmann (located in Heerlen since 1920). The interior design was done by Mr. Kober and his daughter Marcia and the builders were E. Joosten and L. Reumkens. The director in Heerlen was Adrianus Merkx.
The building was relatively different for Heerlen, although used to modern architecture (Glaspaleis, former office Oranje Nassaumijnen, Monseigneur Schrijnen Retreat House etc.), this building was described as skyscraper like (10 storeys high). It has two entrances one on the Raadshuisplein and the other one the Geleenstraat, since the Geleenstraat is located lower the entrance there is 10 m under the Raadshuisplein level (which is also the case for the Town Hall, also designed by Peutz).
Situation on openings day
In this building 75,000 m of electric wiring was used, with 2000 sockets and a 100,000 watt spear-power supply. There was one central telephone system with 380 connections, 120 cash registers, a Pneumatic post system, three elevators for shoppers and two high speed elevators, it also had three goods elevators.
There also were a loading and unloading dock for trucks and vans, 30 dishwashers that could clean and dry up to 9200 pieces of dishware per hour, Further it included seven Escalators, something unseen in Heerlen.
There was a tearoom and restaurant on the top floor, called the VenDorama.
The building now serves as an office to the town hall.
References
Commercial buildings completed in 1958
VandD Heerlen
Buildings and structures in Heerlen |
5384751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ONPT | ONPT | ONPT (; ) was a Moroccan state-owned-industrial and economic institution. The body was in charge of all communications and telecommunications matters of Morocco.
In 1998, ONPT was divided into two entities; Maroc Telecom for everything related to telecommunications and Barid Al Maghrib for everything related to postal services.
See also
Poste Maroc
References
Communications in Morocco
Telecommunications organizations
Organizations based in Morocco
Government-owned companies of Morocco
Government-owned telecommunications companies |
5384769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar%20Crow%20Baker | Edgar Crow Baker | Edgar Crow Baker (September 16, 1845 – November 3, 1920) was a Canadian politician from British Columbia.
Baker was born in Lambeth, then part of Surrey, England, the son of Edward William Whitley Baker, and was educated at the Royal Hospital School in Greenwich. In 1860, he entered the Royal Navy, serving as a navigating lieutenant and retiring at the rank of major in 1878. In 1869, he married Frances Mary Jones. He settled in Victoria, British Columbia and became a prominent accountant, real estate conveyancer and notary. Baker, often known as Crow Baker professionally, prospered and became one of the wealthiest men in the city. Baker served as the Grandmaster of the Masonic Grand Lodge of British Columbia. He entered civic politics as an alderman in Victoria. Baker switched to federal politics when Prime Minister John A. Macdonald vacated his seat in the Victoria district to return to an Ontario seat. He was elected to parliament as a Conservative, along with colleague Noah Shakespeare in the 1882 federal election. Baker was re-elected in 1887 but would later resign his seat, in 1889.
He died at his home in Victoria on November 3, 1920.
References
1845 births
1920 deaths
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia |
5384771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Leitner | Friedrich Leitner | Friedrich Leitner (January 26, 1874 – July 3, 1945) was a German economist.
He taught at Humbold University Berlin.
Konrad Mellerowicz studied under Leitner, then worked with him, and finally succeeded him in 1938.
Literary works
Die Selbstkostenberechnung industrieller Betriebe, 1905
Bilanztechnik und Bilanzkritik, 1911
Privatwirtschaftslehre der Unternehmung, 1915
Wirtschaftslehre der Unternehmung, 91930
External links
http://www.wiwi.hu-berlin.de/allgemeines/geschichte/
German economists
1874 births
1945 deaths |
5384772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Cataldo%2C%20Sicily | San Cataldo, Sicily | San Cataldo (Sicilian: San Catallu or San Cataddu) is a Sicilian town and comune in the province of Caltanissetta, in the southwestern part of the island of Sicily.
Physical geography
San Cataldo rises in an internal hilly area, located at 625 meters above sea level, which extends north of the town, between the municipalities of Serradifalco, Mussomeli, Caltanissetta, located within the Sicilian Solfifero plateau, an ancient area mining. It is 63 km from Agrigento, 9 km from Caltanissetta, 50 km from Enna, 150 km from Ragusa. It is crossed by a single river, the "Salito", formed by springs that arise from the slopes of Mount Schiavo near the town of Santa Caterina Villarmosa. The inhabited area extends into the plateau located between Portella del Tauro and Babbaurra, rich in partially drinkable water wells.
See also
Catald, Irish monk and saint
References
External links
San Cataldo Selected Civil Records (Marriages and Deaths)
Cathedral of San Cataldo
Municipalities of the Province of Caltanissetta |
5384864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanat | Sanat | Sanat is the third album of Finnish a cappella ensemble Rajaton, released in 2002. The word sanat means "words" in Finnish, and "heals" in Latin. The album consists of sacred Christian songs and features music in Finnish, Latin, English, and Medieval Irish.
Tracks
Title (Composer / Lyricist)
1. Aurinkolaulu (Anna-Mari Kähärä / Mika Waltari)
2. Were You There? (trad., arr. Mia Makaroff)
3. Benedic anima mea Domino (Jaakko Mäntyjärvi / Psalm 102:1-5, 20-22)
4. Stabat Mater (Kaj Chydenius / Jacopone Da Todi, Aale Tynni)
5. Vain taivasta kukkaset katsovat (Jussi Chydenius / Aale Tynni)
6. Kaikki maat, te riemuitkaatte (Mia Makaroff / Johann Franck)
7. Iltavirsi (Armas Maasalo, Heikki Klemetti / Hilija Haahti, arr. Jarmo Saari)
8. Tórramat Do Nóebaengil (Jaakko Mäntyjärvi / anon. Irish, 12th century)
9. Nearer, My God, To Thee (Jussi Chydenius / Sarah Flower Adams)
10. Didn't My Lord Deliver Daniel? (trad., arr. Mia Makaroff)
11. Weary In Well-Doing (Anna-Mari Kähärä / Christina Rossetti)
12. Pia Desideria (Hannu Lepola / Marjo Hakamäki)
Other Rajaton Albums
Nova
Boundless
Joulu
Joulu DVD
Kevät
Out of Bounds
External links
official Rajaton website
Rajaton - Sanat at Last.fm
Rajaton albums
2002 live albums
Musical settings of poems by Christina Rossetti
fi:Rajaton |
5384870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arena%20di%20Verona%20Festival | Arena di Verona Festival | Arena di Verona Festival (Verona Arena Festival) is a summer festival of opera, located in the city of Verona Italy. Since 1936, it has been organized under the auspices of an official body, first the Ente Autonomo Spettacoli Lirici Arena di Verona, (Autonomous organization for lyrical productions of the Arena di Verona), and then, following legislation in 1996 and 1998, the Ente Lirico Arena di Verona was transformed into a private foundation, the present-day Arena di Verona Foundation.
Opera performances are given in Arena di Verona, an ancient Roman amphitheatre, which was capable of holding 30,000 spectators. Performances traditionally begin at dusk and spectators on the stone seats of the arena bring small candles (the "mocoleto"), which are lit as darkness falls and the performances begin.
First opera productions
The first operas were performed in 1913 in celebration of the centenary of the birth of Giuseppe Verdi and were produced by the tenor Giovanni Zenatello and the theatre impresario Ottone Rovato. Their staging of Aida in the biggest open-air lyrical theatre in the world began a long tradition. In the following year Zenatello and others returned and, in the years before 1936, a variety of organizations took over the presentations. These included the Lyrica Italica Ars from 1919 to 1920, the Casa Musicale Sonzogno of Milan from 1921 to 1922, and the impresario Gino Bertolaso from 1923 to 1926, while, in 1934 another organization, the Ente Comunale degli Spettacoli (the municipal performance association) took over the summer festival. Finally, in 1936, a permanent organization was created.
Significant artistic achievements
Many singers made their names and careers by performing at Verona. In 1929 Beniamino Gigli thrilled audiences with his appearances in Flotow's Martha. Between 1947 and 1954 Maria Callas was a regular after creating a sensation in Ponchielli's La Gioconda.
In addition to singers, directors and designers added distinguishing elements to productions such as the 1953 water pool created for Aida by silent cinema director Georg Wilhelm Pabst. His aim was to conjure up the image of the Nile on which little Egyptian boats could sail, and the idea was adapted by Pier Luigi Pizzi again in Aida in 1999. Also, it was Pabst who was responsible for the introduction of a great number of animals on stage, including elephants, horses and dromedaries, and this form of spectacle has become a prominent feature of many opera productions in Verona.
Dance and classic concert performances have also been given in the Arena. Classical ballets and traditional dances from all over the world have been seen. In 1976, Maurice Béjart brought the Ballet du XXe Siècle from La Monnaie in Brussels and choreographed Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. This première was interrupted by rain, but the performance continued to a cassette tape of the music and without the orchestra.
Use of Blackface
In July 2022, following the release of publicity photos for a performance of Aida at the Arena di Verona, soprano Anna Netrebko and the opera company both faced heavy criticism for the use of blackface; the titular character of the opera being an Ethiopian princess.
Responding to criticisms, the festival cited historical precedent, claiming it is "very hard to change" the production to avoid the use of blackface. Of note, this staging dates from 2002. Subsequently, soprano Angel Blue canceled her upcoming performances at the Arena di Verona, citing the company's insistence on maintaining the practice. In an Instagram post, she wrote: "The use of blackface under any circumstances, artistic or otherwise, is a deeply misguided practice based on archaic theatrical traditions which have no place in modern society. It is offensive, humiliating, and outright racist."
Other notable singers to have publicly spoken out against the use of blackface in opera include the mezzo-soprano Jamie Barton who cited this performance directly, and Stephanie Blythe, who suggested an abstention from performing operas that have typically featured white singers made up to appear as other ethnicities. Nigerian American baritone Babatunde Akinboboye posted on TikTok and Instagram, condemning Netrebko's use of blackface and disputing the opera company's claim that blackface is still a necessary practice.
Teatro Filarmonico
Since 1976 the organization has expanded its artistic activities from October of one year to May of the following year in the rebuilt Teatro Filarmonico, a theatre which had been destroyed in World War II. With this new addition, the organization could accumulate a permanent collection of artists (the orchestra, the choir and the corps de ballet) and technicians who represent the productions that are staged in Verona and transported nationally and internationally.
See also
List of opera festivals
References
External links
Verona Arena website, in English
Culture in Verona
Opera festivals
Classical music festivals in Italy
Tourist attractions in Verona
Blackface theatre |
5384878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-America%20Air%20Museum | Mid-America Air Museum | The Mid-America Air Museum is an aerospace and aircraft museum located in Liberal, Kansas, United States.
The Mid-America Air Museum is the largest aircraft museum in Kansas. It has on display over 100 aircraft (both within the museum's primary building and on the adjacent tarmac), a gift store, and several displays of photographs and ephemera relating to the history of aviation in the region.
History
The museum is on Liberal Mid-America Regional Airport, originally known as Liberal Army Air Field that served as a B-24 Liberator training base during the Second World War.
The museum is located within a hangar that formerly belonged to Beech Aircraft, where Beech produced Beech Musketeer, Beechcraft Baron, and Beechcraft Duchess light airplanes, in the 1960s and 1970s.
The museum started with the donation, by the late Colonel Tom Thomas, Jr., of his personal collection: over 50 aircraft (valued at over $3 million) to the City of Liberal.
Collection
The Mid-America Air Museum's collection includes:
Aero Commander 520 N711YY / 520-76
Aero Commander CallAir A-9B N671W
Aero Designs Pulsar 582-N N62817
Aeronca 7AC Champion N2735E
Aeronca 65C Chief N23547
Aeronca K Scout N19339
Aeronca L-3B Grasshopper N48433
Air & Space 18C Flymobil N6128S
Armstrong Aeronaut N77VA
Avid Flyer N31BL
Avro 504K (replica)
Beechcraft F17D Staggerwing N139KP
Beechcraft 2000A Starship N1556S
Beechcraft 35 Bonanza N80441
Beechcraft AT-7C Navigator N65314
Beechcraft B19 Musketeer Sport N1978W
Beechcraft T-34B Mentor
Beechcraft Travel Air N833B
Bell AH-1G Cobra 71-21038
Bell AH-1W SuperCobra 160817
Bell OH-13H Sioux 55-4619
Bell UH-1D Iroquois 66-1204
Bellanca 14-13-2 Cruisair Senior N74456
Breezy RLU-1 N1380E
Bushby Mustang II N32DC
Cessna 120 N72948
Cessna 140 N76483
Cessna 175 N7205M
Cessna 195A N9864A
Cessna C-145 Airmaster NC19462
Cessna C-165 Airmaster NC32450
Cessna 337A Super Skymaster N6274F
Cessna UC-78 Bobcat N711UU
Cessna XT-37 54-0718
Culver Model V N3116K
Curtis Wright CW-1 Junior N10973
Douglas A-4C Skyhawk 149635
ERCO 415-G Ercoupe N94886
Fairchild PT-19A Cornell N49942 and N91095
Fairchild PT-23A Cornell N63739
Flight Level Six Zero Der Kricket DK-1 N601CS
Fly Baby 1A
Funk B-75-L N24174
General Motors TBM-3E Avenger N6831C
Globe GC-1B Swift N78159
Grumman F-14A Tomcat 160903
Grumman S2F-1 Tracker N5470C / 133179
HAL Gnat E1222
Hughes OH-6A Cayuse 66-7865
Interstate L-6 Cadet N37214
Lakeland Flyers Inc 2/3 Scale P-51 Mustang N951JH
Lockheed F-80C Shooting Star 49-0710
Lockheed F-104C Starfighter 56-0933
LTV A-7D Corsair II 73-1009
Luscombe 8A Silvaire N1172B
Luscombe T8F Observer N1580B
MacFam Cavalier SA102.5 N12RG
McCulloch J-2 N4374G
McDonnell Douglas F-4D Phantom II 66-7746
Miller S-1 Fly Rod N22RM
Monnett Moni N124KB
Mooney M-18C Mite N4140
North American F-86H Sabre 53-1501
North American TB-25N Mitchell N9462Z / 44-30535
North American YOV-10A Bronco 152880
Northrop Q-19 Target Drone
Northrop T-38A Talon 60-0583
Pereira X-28A Osprey 158786
Phoenix 6C Hang Glider
Piasecki HUP-3 Retriever 147628
Pietenpol B4-A Air Camper N2NK
Piper J3C-65 Cub NC26815
Piper J-4F Cub Coupe NC30426
Piper PA-22-135 Tri-Pacer N1129C
Piper PA-23 Apache N1015P
Piper PA-23-250 Aztec N4581P
Piper PA-24-250 Comanche N110LF
Pober Pixie N8509Z
Porterfield CP-65 Collegiate N32431
Rand Robinson KR-1 N982GS and N31SB
Rearwin 175 Skyranger N32402
Rearwin 7000 Sportster NC18768
Rearwin 8135T Cloudstar N37753
Republic F-105G Thunderchief 63-8266
Riley D-16 Twin Navion N3797G
Rotec Rally 3 Big Lifter
RotorWay Scorpion 133
Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5a replica N3922D
Rutan Quickie N1176L
Rutan VariEze N859
Ryan ST-3KR N46741
Shober Willie II N113BT
Staib LB-5
Steen Skybolt N120VL
Stinson 10A Voyager N34690
Stinson L-5 Sentinel N66334 / 76-2942
Stinson V77 Reliant N9362H
Taylorcraft L-2M Grasshopper N49174
Thorp T-18 N35GW
Viking Dragonfly N202RG
Vought F-8H Crusader 148693
Vought F4U-5N Corsair N100CV / 124447
Vultee SNV-2 Valiant N67316
See also
Liberal Army Air Field
Liberal Mid-America Regional Airport
Cosmosphere in Hutchinson
Combat Air Museum in Topeka
Kansas Aviation Museum in Wichita
Kansas World War II army airfields
List of aerospace museums
List of museums in Kansas
References
External links
Kansas Travel-Mid-America Air Museum - photos and candid review
A collection of museum photos
Aerospace museums in Kansas
Museums in Seward County, Kansas
Museums established in 1988 |
5384890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His%20Majesty%2C%20the%20Scarecrow%20of%20Oz | His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz | His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz is a 1914 American silent fantasy adventure film directed by J. Farrell MacDonald, and written and produced by L. Frank Baum. It stars Violet MacMillan, Frank Moore, Vivian Reed, Todd Wright, Pierre Couderc, Raymond Russell, and Fred Woodward.
The film had a troubled distribution history; it opened on September 28, 1914, to little success, though it was received as well above average fare by critics of the time. Early in 1915, it was reissued under the title The New Wizard of Oz and was slightly more successful.
The film is loosely based on Baum's 1900 book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, but in the screenplay, Baum introduced many new characters and a large new story that later became the basis for the 1915 book The Scarecrow of Oz. Similar to The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, the Scarecrow's origin is revealed, although his life is now attributed to "the Spirit of the Corn", who appears as a conventional Hollywood depiction of a Native American.
Plot
King Krewl (Raymond Russell) is a cruel dictator in the Emerald City in the Land of Oz. He wishes to marry his daughter, Princess Gloria (Vivian Reed), to an old courtier named Googly-Goo (Arthur Smollett), but she is in love with Pon, the Gardener's boy (Todd Wright). Krewl employs the Wicked Witch named Mombi (Mai Wells), to freeze the heart of Gloria so she will not love Pon any longer. This she does by pulling out her heart (which looks somewhere between a valentine and a bland representation of a heart without any vessels) and coating it with ice. Meanwhile, a lost little girl from Kansas named Dorothy Gale (Violet MacMillan), is captured by Mombi and imprisoned in her castle. However, Dorothy runs away with the now heartless Gloria, accompanied by Pon and eventually meet the Scarecrow (Frank Moore). Mombi catches up with the travelers and removes the Scarecrow's stuffing, but Dorothy and Pon are able to re-stuff him; Gloria abandons them and wanders off.
They meet the lost little boy, Button-Bright (Mildred Harris). The party travels to the Winkie Country next and arrives at the Tin Castle of the Tin Woodman (Pierre Couderc), who has rusted solid. (The Tin Woodman resides in a Tin Castle in later Oz novels, beginning in The Emerald City of Oz'''' (1910). Mombi reaches the Tin Castle, and the Tin Woodman chops off her head; however, this merely slows her down as she hunts for it and places it back on. (The Wicked Witch of the East in The Tin Woodman of Oz is later described as having done a similar thing to him when he was still human.) Having replaced her head, Mombi encounters Pon and turns him into a kangaroo.
Dorothy, Button-Bright, the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman escape from Mombi by crossing a river on a raft. As in the original novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'' (1900), the Scarecrow's barge-pole gets stuck in the river bed and leaves him stranded, until he is rescued by a bird. At one point in this sequence, the Scarecrow slides down the pole into the river, resulting a brief "underwater" sequence featuring puppet fish and a mermaid; throughout, the Scarecrow makes asides to the camera, mostly without intertitles. (At another point, the frozen Gloria even makes a malevolent stare directly into the camera.)
The party encounters the Wizard (J. Charles Haydon), who tricks Mombi by letting the group hide in the Red Wagon, pulled by the sawhorse; when Mombi attempts to follow them, the group escape out the back of the wagon. The four companions meet the Cowardly Lion, who joins them. The Wizard traps Mombi in a container of "Preserved Sandwitches" and paints out the "sand" and the plural, carrying her away in his pocket. The Scarecrow, taking a barrage of arrows, tosses Krewl's soldiers over the battlements to deal with the Cowardly Lion, who cannot climb the rope ladder over the city wall. With the support of the people, the Scarecrow is easily able to depose King Krewl. The Wizard releases Mombi, and compels her to restore Pon to his normal form and unfreeze Gloria’s Heart.
Cast
Damage history
The opening reel was lost for many years. While it was eventually recovered in the 1990s for the American Home Entertainment VHS release, it did not contain the opening titles; Dick Martin's titles, designed in the 1960s, continued to be used, which falsely stated that Baum was the director of the film, misspelled Mai Wells' name, and left out Smollett's credit entirely.
The film is currently in need of restoration, including framing. Film prints are notoriously bright, particularly for Mombi's decapitation sequence. The framing may no longer be correctable, because the area used for the soundtrack in contemporary films was part of the picture area at the time, though it is a noticeable defect in contemporary presentations of the film. Prints that have not been re-struck in this cropping manner may no longer exist.
References
External links
Films based on American novels
Films based on fantasy novels
Films based on The Wizard of Oz
American black-and-white films
1914 films
American silent feature films
Paramount Pictures films
Films directed by J. Farrell MacDonald
Works by L. Frank Baum
Articles containing video clips
American fantasy adventure films
1910s fantasy adventure films
1910s English-language films
1910s American films
Silent adventure films |
5384899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratzeburg%20Rowing%20Club | Ratzeburg Rowing Club | The Ratzeburg Rowing Club was founded in 1953 and is located in the town of Ratzeburg, Germany. Karl Adam was one of its founders and was head of the Rowing Academy there.
Between 1959 and 1968, the Ratzeburg Club won seven titles at World and European Championships. In addition the eight won a gold medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, a silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, and a gold medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico.
Thomas Lange was a member of the club when he won his third Olympic medal in 1996 in the single scull. He had also won medals representing East Germany prior to the German reunification. He continues to row for the club.
Honours
Henley Royal Regatta
References
External links
Sports clubs established in 1953
Rowing clubs in Germany
Ratzeburg |
5384904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Boothby | Ian Boothby | Ian Boothby (born June 8, 1967) is a multiple Shuster Award, Harvey Award and Eisner Award nominee and an Eisner Award–winning comic book creator best known for his work as the lead writer on Simpsons Comics and Futurama Comics for Matt Groening's Bongo Comics. Boothby has written more Simpsons Comics issues than any other writer. He is a regular writer for MAD Magazine. He has also worked on various Canadian television series and is a well known stand-up, sketch and improv comedian working in the Vancouver area. He co-created Free Willie Shakespeare for the Vancouver Theatresports League which won the Jessie Richardson Theatre Award for Excellence in Interactive Theatre.
A writer for multiple television series including CBC's Switchback, Street Cents, "Big Sound" and Popular Mechanics for Kids. He is the co-writer of the DVD film Casper's Haunted Christmas and screenwriter of the Cartoon Network special Scary Godmother: The Revenge of Jimmy.
The creator of the sketch comedy series The 11th Hour, called "The funniest sketch series since SCTV" by the National Post, as well as the creator of the TV pilots Space Arm, Vancouver PM and I Dig BC and the co-creator of Channel 92 along with Dean Haglund and Christine Lippa. Boothby founded the Canadian Comedy Award-winning sketch group Canadian Content. He currently performs with the sketch comedy group Titmouse! and "The Critical Hit Show: a Live Dungeons & Dragons Comedy Experience," writes for CBC Radio's The Irrelevant Show, and co-hosts the podcasts Sneaky Dragon, Compleatly Beatles, Totally Tintin, The Fansplainers and Full Marx - a Marx Brothers Podcast with David Dedrick. He has also written the ebook It's About Tolerance Stupid : essays on improv & how to make things better without making yourself crazy. He is the writer of Sparks! a graphic novel series for the Scholastic Corporation's Graphix line with art by Nina Matsumoto, and Exorsisters, an ongoing series from Image Comics with art by Gisele Lagace.
He also appeared in the Adam Sandler film Happy Gilmore.
Ian Boothby is married to Y The Last Man co-creator and artist Pia Guerra and regularly contributes cartoons with her in The New Yorker as well as the GoComics daily strip Mannequin on the Moon.
See also
List of Eisner Award winners
References
External links
Video interview with Ian Boothby on 'Connected Life'
The Critical Hit Show: A Live Dungeons and Dragons Comedy Experience
Living people
Canadian comics writers
Anglophone Quebec people
The New Yorker people
1967 births |
5384909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20de%20Lurdes%20Rodrigues | Maria de Lurdes Rodrigues | Maria de Lurdes Reis Rodrigues (19 March 1956, Lisbon) is a Portuguese Professor of Sociology and former politician, Associate Professor (with Habilitation) and Rector of ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon, where she has taught since 1986.
She was the Portuguese representative at the Eurostat's Working Party of R&D and Innovation Survey (1996–2002), President of the Observatory of Sciences and Technologies at the Ministry of Science and Technology (1997–2002) and the national representative at the OECD Working Party on the Indicators for the Information Society (1999–2002).
Maria de Lurdes Rodrigues has an extensive scientif and academic career, having authored a long list of publications.
Minister of Education
As Minister of Education of the 17th Constitutional Government of Portugal (Prime Minister José Sócrates's first Government) from 2005 to 2009, Maria de Lurdes Rodrigues launched a wide range of policies, some of which particularly controversial among teachers, unions, and even some sectors of the then ruling Socialist Party, such as the teacher career and performance assessment reform. These policies were assessed by the OECD.
During her mandate school results improved and school dropout rates fell significantly.
In 2009, the Portuguese pupils performed the highest combined increase in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment exam scores as compared to 2006 results. Portugal ranked among the OECD average countries for the first time.
Main policies as Minister of Education
Elementary education reform
Elementary education reform had two main goals: to broaden the scope of learning activities and to build modern school environments. The former goal was achieved by the Full Time School Programme, that brought to schools curriculum enrichment activities such as English, Music, and Sports. The latter goal was fulfilled by closing down more about 2500 very small schools (less than 10 pupils) across the country and by building or refurbishing more than 400 fully equipped elementary schools with nursing schools. Both policies were implemented in close partnership with municipalities. Primary education reform was assessed by the OECD.
Pupils' Legal Status
A new pupils' legal status was set, forbidding grade retention due to unjustified school absence. This measure was taken upon research evidence that grade retentions do not promote success and are a step towards early school leaving.
Adult Education and Training Reform
In 2006, Rodrigues together with the Minister of Labour launched the New Opportunities Initiative, to foster adult education. Three years later, more than 1 million citizens had joined the initiative and 300.000 had received a school certificate.
Curricular reforms
MLR pushed public schools into vocational upper-secondary education, and from 2005 to 2009, the number of pupils attending vocational education grew from 30.000 to 126.000. As for basic education, nuclear subjects (Portuguese and Maths) were reinforced with an Action Plan for Maths and a National Reading Plan.
Schools' modernization
A National Secondary Schools Modernization Programme, run by Parque Escolar, was launched in 2007. The programme aims to rebuild more than 330 out of the 500 Portuguese public schools with secondary education. The first phases of the programme were assessed by the OECD.
Schools' ICT capacity was boost by the 2007-2010 Technological Plan for Education. As a result of the plan, the ratio of pupils per computer with broadband connection fell from 18:1 in 2005 to 5:1 in 2009. 1-to-1 laptop distribution schemes for teachers and students were successfully deployed and acknowledged abroad.
Post-ministerial career
After the end of the ministerial job, in 2009, Maria de Lurdes Rodrigues went back to the university, where she led a new master's program in public policy.
In the beginning of 2010, the Prime Minister appointed her President of the Luso-American Foundation.
Maria de Lurdes Rodrigues is since 2018Rector of ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon (now in her 2nd term), a Portuguese public university.
References
External links
Biography on Portugal.gov.pt
1956 births
Living people
Education ministers of Portugal
Women government ministers of Portugal
ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon faculty |
5384920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight%20Boyer | Dwight Boyer | Dwight Boyer (November 18, 1912 in Elyria, Ohio – October 15, 1978 in Willoughby, Ohio) was a reporter and marine historian of the Great Lakes. He wrote for The Blade (Toledo, Ohio) from 1944-1954, and for The Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio) from 1954-1978.
Boyer specialized in feature-length narratives of life aboard Great Lakes lake freighters, often concentrating on stories of mystery and disaster. He published five volumes of stories about Great Lakes shipping, described by one source as being marked by a mixture of "technical data" and "engrossing narrative". He had many friends in the shipping trade and among the newsgatherers of the Great Lakes ports, and carefully weighed the information they gave him. He excelled in constructing a conjectural trajectory for the cargo vessels that disappeared in the great storms of the past, never being seen in again in their home port or any other harbor of refuge.
Dwight Boyer discussed the 1882 foundering of the SS Asia, the 1924 vanishing of the whaleback with all hands, the 1927 disappearance of the package freighter SS Kamloops, and the 1929 foundering of the car ferry SS Milwaukee, in Ghost Ships of the Great Lakes (1968), and retold an account of the 1975 disappearance of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald in his last book, Ships and Men of the Great Lakes (1977).
Bibliography
Great Stories of the Great Lakes (1966)
Ghost Ships of the Great Lakes (1968)
True Tales of the Great Lakes (1971)
Strange Adventures of the Great Lakes (1974)
Ships and Men of the Great Lakes (1977)
References
1912 births
1978 deaths
20th-century American historians
American male journalists
20th-century American journalists
American maritime historians
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
Journalists from Ohio
Historians from Ohio
People from Elyria, Ohio |
5384932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Ber%20Gelbard | José Ber Gelbard | José Ber Gelbard (14 April 1917 4 October 1977), was a Polish-born Argentine activist and politician, and a member of the Argentine Communist Party. He also helped organize the Confederación General Económica (CGE), made up of small and medium-sized business. Beginning about 1954, he was appointed as an economic advisor to Juan Perón and repeatedly was called back to serve as Minister of Finance to successive governments until the military coup of March 1976. He fled with his family shortly before the coup, gaining political asylum in the United States and settling in Washington, D.C.
Early life and education
Born Joseph Gelbard into a Jewish family in Radomsko, Poland, in 1917, his family emigrated in 1930 to Argentina. They settled in Tucumán, north of Buenos Aires. Other family were already there, as well as immigrant communities of Sephardic and European Jews, and Arabs from the Middle East (turcos). During the Great Depression, Gelbard helped support the family as a street peddler of men's ties and belts.
Marriage and family
By 1938 Gelbard had saved some money and married Dina Haskel. They settled in Catamarca, where he started a men's clothing store named "Casa Nueva York". They had children together, including a son Fernando Gelbard. Fernando became a jazz pianist and flautist, composer and record producer. In 1974 he recorded Didi (named for his wife) with a five-man jazz group in Buenos Aires. Their music was ahead of its time in its combination of Latin and Afro-American music, bebop and bossa nova. The record was remastered and released in 2002.
Political career
Gelbard became a Communist activist, involved in several causes, including Jewish armed groups defending the Jewish community in Tucumán from the abuses of local Nazi groups. He joined the Democratic Union, a loose alliance against the populist candidate Juan Perón, during the 1945-46 electoral campaign.
Gelbard became involved in business politics, becoming a leader in the Chamber of Commerce in Catamarca. He represented the small and medium business sectors, many of whose owners were immigrants and new businessmen. He came to believe that the millions of small industries and merchants needed to unite to become a force that could negotiate with Perón's pro-labor forces. He became the "national bourgeoisie's" principal ideologue, and "the most articulate advocate of an alliance between business, the state and labor, behind a federalist and nationalist economic program."
During this period, he helped organize the CGE (Confederación General Económica), a union of millions of industrialists and businessmen, with enough strength to negotiate with the government and labor unions. In 1953, he traveled throughout the provinces organizing businessmen under the CGE and was named as its first president.
In 1954, Gelbard moved with his family to Buenos Aires. He was soon appointed to Perón's cabinet as a minister without portfolio, working on economic issues. He continued his fight for small and medium businesses, opposing perceived imperialist interests and agro interests that would have preferred a country of grain and cattle exporters. He strongly opposed the philosophy of making Argentina 'The world's barn'. The CGE executive committee also had strong representation in the government, sitting on the Comisión Económica Consultíva and participating in its numerous sub-committees: housing, prices, labor, foreign relations, transport and cost of living, for instance.
In 1955 a military coup d'etat toppled Perón. The new military government prosecuted Gelbard and froze his assets, as he was a known advisor to Peron. In later years, the generals called elections, there were new coups d'état, new presidents, and new elections. Gelbard was always called in as an economic advisor of all subsequent presidents, whether generals or democratically elected. In 1972, following a request from General Lanusse, then dictator, Gelbard negotiated the return of General Juan Perón from his exile in Madrid.
After many trips and secret negotiations, elections were called. As Perón was still not allowed to be president, his associate Dr. Héctor Cámpora ran and was elected president on May 25, 1973. At Perón's direction, Cámpora appointed Gelbard as minister of "economy, finance, public works and trade."
Cámpora stepped aside later that year and Peron was elected president. His third wife, Isabel Perón, ran and won as his vice president. Under Cámpora, Gelbard implemented "The Social Pact" (El Pacto Social), "cosigned in Congress by the CGE and CGT" which called for a freeze in prices and salaries so the country could progress economically, and for increased cooperation between business and government under a Three-Year Plan. Public investment was featured in a dominant role in the plan, with a government group, Corporación de Empresas Nacionales (CEN), set up to oversee this. It was to promote new industries and coordinate planning among different business sectors. The Peron government also nationalized the banking industry.
Gelbard boosted exports by unilaterally lifting the Cuban blockade and selling one billion dollars in good to Cuba, including United States-branded cars manufactured in Argentina. (The US was forced to accept this action after Gelbard threatened to close all US car factories in the country.) He planned many economic missions. Gelbard headed large groups of Argentine businessmen and industrialists on visits to Cuba, Venezuela, Chile, the Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and other countries. On 1 July 1974, Perón died, leaving a divided party. Isabel Perón, his widow, who had earlier been chosen Vice President as a compromise between feuding factions, succeeded him to the presidency. Increasingly strained by rising labor union wage demands and the 1973 oil shock alike, the Social Pact gradually was unable to contain inflation, and class cooperation declined. In November 1974, Gelbard resigned, as the country's economic indicators continued to decline and his "Zero Inflation" plan failed.
In March 1976 the military made a coup d'etat and overthrew Isabel Perón's presidency. Later accused of having bribed military officials to be allowed to leave, Gelbard and his family left the country before the coup and obtained political asylum in the United States. All his assets in Argentina were frozen. The reigning military junta sentenced Joseph Gelbard and his son Fernando to death in absentia.
Death
On 4 October 1977, Gelbard died of a heart attack in Washington, D.C., aged 60.
Under a Radical government, his son Fernando later returned with his family to Argentina after the return of democratically elected government. In 1989 he was appointed as Argentine ambassador to France. He filed a claim for US$20,000,000 with the Argentine government, for "all the time he could not make use of the family assets confiscated by the military." It is unclear whether he succeeded in his claim.
References
Further reading
Maria Seoane, 'The goddamn bourgeois.' The Secret History of José Ber Gelbard, Buenos Aires: Editorial Planeta, 1998
Julián Blejmar, 'José Ber Gelbard.' La patria desde el boliche, Buenos Aires: Editorial Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, 2019
1917 births
1977 deaths
Argentine Ministers of Finance
Argentine people of Polish-Jewish descent
Argentine Jews
Jewish Argentine politicians
Jewish socialists
People from Radomsko
Argentine activists
20th-century economists
Polish emigrants to Argentina
Argentine expatriates in the United States |
5384945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography%20of%20Denver | Geography of Denver | The City and County of Denver, Colorado, is located at 39°43'35" North, 104°57'56" West (39.726287, −104.965486) in the Colorado Front Range region. The Southern Rocky Mountains lie to the west of Denver and the High Plains lie to the east.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 401.3 km² (154.9 mi²). 397.2 km² (153.4 mi²) of it is land and 4.1 km² (1.6 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.03% water.
Adjacent counties
Adams County, Colorado - north and east
Arapahoe County, Colorado - south and east and southeastern enclaves
Jefferson County, Colorado - west
Adjacent Cities
City of Commerce City - north
City of Brighton – north (separated by a strip of unincorporated Adams County)
City of Aurora – east
City of Glendale – southeastern enclave
City of Greenwood Village - south
City of Cherry Hills Village - south
City of Englewood -south
City of Sheridan -south
Town of Bow Mar - south
City of Littleton - south
City of Lakewood -west
City of Edgewater -west
City of Wheat Ridge -west
Town of Mountain View -west
Town of Lakeside - west
City of Arvada – northwest (separated by a strip of unincorporated Jefferson County)
Berkley CDP - north
North Washington CDP - north
Climate
Denver features a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk) with very low humidity and around 3,100 hours of sunshine per year. The weather of the city and surrounding area is influenced by the proximity of the Rocky Mountains to the west. The climate, while generally mild compared to the mountains to the west and the plains further east, can be moderately unpredictable. Measurable amounts of snow have fallen in Denver as late as Memorial Day and as early as Labor Day. Most recently, Denver received an inch of snow on September 8, 2020, making this the second earliest measurable snowfall on record.
The average temperature in Denver is , and the average yearly precipitation is . The average window for measurable (≥) snowfall is October 17 thru April 27, averaging of seasonal accumulation for 1981−2010. Denver averages 270 clear and partly cloudy days per year or 3200 hours of sunshine making it one of the sunniest major cities. Denver receives more precipitation than most locations with semi-arid climates, but still features a semi-arid climate due to its high evapotranspiration.
Denver's winters are normally dry and range from mild to moderately cold, and although large amounts of snow can fall on the mountains just west of the city, the effects of orographic lift dry out the air passing over the Front Range shadowing the city from precipitation for much of the season. Additionally, warm chinook winds can occasionally be felt as air passing over the mountains heats as it descends, bringing a melting snow cover and surging temperatures; from December to February there is an average 12−18 days of + highs and 1−3 days of above-freezing lows per month. The coldest temperature ever recorded in Denver was recorded on January 9, 1875, at , though the last time Denver recorded a temperature below was December 22, 1990.
Spring brings with it significant changes as Denver can be affected by air masses on all sides, whether arctic air from the north, which occasionally combines with Pacific storm fronts bringing snow to the city. In fact, as reported at Denver International, March is the second snowiest month, averaging of snow. Additionally, warm air from the Gulf of Mexico can bring the first thunderstorms of the season, and continental warm air can bring summer-like warm and dry conditions. The last freeze of the season on average falls on May 6.
Starting in mid-July, the monsoon brings tropical moisture into the city and with it come occasional short late-afternoon thunderstorms. However, despite this tropical moisture, humidity levels during the day generally remain very low, and lows rarely remain at or above . There are 38 days of + highs per year, though + highs are not seen annually. The average window for temperatures reaching the former threshold is June 4 thru September 7.
In the autumn, the tropical monsoon flow dies down and as arctic air begins to approach it can combine with moisture from the Pacific Northwest to bring snowfall to the city – November is Denver's third snowiest month, and both the greatest snowfall from a single storm and daily snow depth on record occurred before the Winter Solstice.
In general diurnal temperature range is large, averaging between .
Extreme statistics (since 1872 unless otherwise indicated):
All-time record high: on August 8, 1878, July 20, 2005, June 25−26, 2012 and June 28, 2018.
All-time record low: on January 9, 1875
Lowest daily maximum: on February 3, 1883
Highest daily minimum: on July 3, 1881
Highest daily average: on June 26, 2012
Lowest daily average: on January 11, 1963
Highest 24-hour precipitation: on May 22, 1876.
Highest monthly precipitation: during May 1876
Lowest monthly precipitation: none during December 1881; trace monthly precipitation has occurred several times, the last being November 1949.
Highest annual precipitation: during 1967
Lowest annual precipitation: during 2002
Highest 24-hour snowfall: on December 24, 1982
Highest one-storm total: from December 1−6, 1913.
Highest daily snow depth (since 1921): November 4−5, 1946
Highest monthly snowfall: during December 1913
Highest seasonal snowfall: during 1908−09
Lowest seasonal snowfall: during 1888−89
Neighborhoods
Denver has 79 neighborhoods that the City and community groups use for planning and administration. Although the City's delineation of the neighborhood boundaries is somewhat arbitrary, the City's definitions of its neighborhoods roughly correspond to those used by residents.
Denver also has a number of neighborhoods not reflected in the City's administrative neighborhoods. Sometimes these neighborhoods reflect the way people in an area identify themselves; sometimes they reflect how others, such as real estate developers, have defined those areas.
Among the neighborhoods commonly spoken of are historic and trendy LoDo (short for "Lower Downtown"), part of the City's Union Station neighborhood; Capitol Hill, Washington Park; Uptown, part of the North Capitol Hill neighborhood; Curtis Park, part of the Five Points neighborhood; Alamo Placita, the northern part of the Speer neighborhood; and the Golden Triangle, roughly the Civic Center neighborhood.
Transportation
Grid system
Most of Denver has a straightforward street grid oriented to the four cardinal directions. Blocks are usually identified in hundreds from the median streets, identified as "0", which are Broadway (the west-east median) and Ellsworth Avenue (the north-south median). Colfax Avenue, the major east-west artery through Denver, is 15 blocks (1500 North) of the median. Avenues north of Ellsworth are numbered (with the exception of Colfax Avenue and a few others), while avenues south of Ellsworth are named.
There is also an older downtown grid system that was designed to be parallel to the confluence of the South Platte River and Cherry Creek. Most of the streets downtown and in LoDo run northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast. This system has an unplanned benefit for snow removal; if the streets were in a normal N-S/E-W grid, only the N-S streets would get sun. With the grid pointed to the diagonal directions, the NW-SE streets get sun to melt snow in the morning and the NE-SW streets get it in the afternoon. The NW-SE streets are numbered, while the NE-SW streets are named. The named streets start at the intersection of Colfax Avenue and Broadway with the block-long Cheyenne Place. The numbered streets start underneath the Colfax and I-25 viaducts. There are 27 named and 44 numbered streets on this grid. There are also a few vestiges of the old grid system in the normal grid, such as Park Avenue, Morrison Road, and Speer Boulevard.
Highways
Denver is primarily served by the interstate highways I-25 and I-70. The intersection of the two interstates is referred to locally as "the mousetrap." I-70 runs east-west from Utah to Baltimore, Maryland. I-25 runs north-south from the New Mexico border through Denver to Buffalo, Wyoming. I-225 traverses neighboring Aurora and connects with I-25 in the southeastern corner of Denver. Additionally, I-76 begins from I-70 just west of the city in Arvada. It intersects I-25 north of the city and runs northeast to Nebraska where it ends at I-80. U.S. Highway 6 connects downtown Denver to the suburb of Golden.
A highway expansion and transit project, dubbed "T-REX", was recently completed along the I-25 corridor. The project included the addition of extra freeway lanes, the redesign of several highway overpasses, and a light rail line along the I-25 corridor between downtown Denver and the Denver Technological Center. The massive project was finished in Fall of 2006, ahead of schedule and under budget.
Public transit
Mass transportation throughout the Denver-Aurora metropolitan area is managed and coordinated by the Regional Transportation District (RTD). RTD currently operates more than 1,000 buses serving 10,000 bus stops in 38 municipal jurisdictions. Additionally, RTD operates seven light rail lines (the C Line, D Line, E Line, F Line, H Line, R Line and the W Line) as well as two commuter rail lines serving a total of 53 stations. Current RTD local fare is $2.25. FasTracks, an expansion project approved by voters in 2004, will allow light rail to serve cities such as Lakewood, Golden, and Aurora. Commuter rail lines will serve Boulder, Longmont and the Denver International Airport, augmenting existing light rail extending from the downtown area to C-470 servicing the Denver suburbs.
Inter-city rail
Passenger train service to Denver is provided by Amtrak's California Zephyr, which runs from Chicago to the San Francisco Bay Area with major stops in Omaha, Denver, Salt Lake City, and Reno. Additionally, the Winter Park Express provides winter weekend service from Denver to Winter Park Resort. Both trains stop at Denver's historic Union Station, where travelers can transfer to RTD's 16th Street Free MallRide or use light rail to tour the city.
Airports
Denver International Airport, the eleventh busiest airport in the world, sixth in the U.S. In 2005 it handled 43.4 million passengers. In land area it is the largest airport in the United States, covering 53 sq. miles.
Formerly Stapleton International Airport (replaced by Denver International Airport and closed in 1995)
Formerly Lowry Air Force Base (flights stopped around 1965)
Notes
References
External links
The City and County of Denver |
5384966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundless%20%28album%29 | Boundless (album) | Boundless is the second album of Finnish a cappella ensemble Rajaton, released on October 26, 2001. To reach out to a wider audience, Rajaton released this CD with all but two songs in English.
Tracks
Title (Composer / Lyricist)
1. Butterfly (Mia Makaroff)
2. Un-Wishing Well (Heikki Sarmanto / Kim Rich / arr. Jussi Chydenius)
3. The Lark in the Clear Air (Jussi Chydenius / Samuel Ferguson)
4. We Walk in a Fog (Jussi Chydenius / Eino Leino, translated by Jaakko Mäntyjärvi)
5. Lady Madonna (John Lennon & Paul McCartney, arr. Jussi Chydenius)
6. Dobbin's Flowery Vale (Irish folk melody, arr. Matti Kallio)
7. Summer Song (Michael McGlynn)
8. Poison Tree (Laura Sippola / William Blake)
9. You Can't Stop Me! (Mia Makaroff)
10. Armahan Kulku (The Lover's Path) (Anna-Mari Kähärä / lyrics from the Kanteletar)
11. Kaipaava (Longing) (trad. Finnish, arr. Essi Wuorela and Jussi Chydenius)
External links
Official Rajaton website
Rajaton - Boundless at Last.fm
2001 albums
Rajaton albums |
5384973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orazio%20Benevoli | Orazio Benevoli | Orazio Benevoli or Benevolo (19 April 1605 – 17 June 1672), was a Franco-Italian composer of large scaled polychoral sacred choral works (e.g., one work featured forty-eight vocal and instrumental lines) of the mid-Baroque era.
He was born in Rome, to a French baker and confectioner, Robert Venouot or Vénevot, which name was Italianized to Benevolo. Benevoli was a choirboy at San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome (1617–23). Later, he assumed posts as maestro di cappella at Santa Maria in Trastevere (from 1624); then, at Santo Spirito in Sassia (from 1630); and, eventually, at his old church, San Luigi dei Francesi (from 1638). Benevoli served as Kapellmeister in the court of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria from 1644 to 1646. In 1646, Benevoli returned to Rome, where he remained for the rest of his life, and where he served as choirmaster at Santa Maria Maggiore and at the Cappella Giulia of St. Peter's Basilica. He was made Guardiano of the Vatican's Congregazione di Santa Cecilia in the following three years: 1654, 1665 and 1667.
His pupils included: Ercole Bernabei, Antimo Liberati and Paolo Lorenzani.
Benevoli composed Masses, motets, Magnificats, and other sacred vocal works. Much of his fame as a composer has rested largely on his supposed composition of the fifty-three part Missa Salisburgensis, which musicologists long believed was written by Benevoli in Salzburg Cathedral in 1628. Nevertheless, external and internal evidence subsequently demonstrated that the Mass is in fact the work of composer Heinrich Ignaz Biber, and that it dates not from 1628 but from 1682.
Works, editions and recordings
Benevoli's sacred compositions frequently make use of four or more choirs. Many of Benevoli's works are massive and in the Colossal Baroque style. Sixteen masses for 8 to 16 voices survive.
Little of the music of Benevoli has been performed or recorded in modern times.
Orazio Benevolo - Sacred Music - Missa Azzolina Magnificat Dixit Dominus, Le Concert Spirituel (Niquet). Naxos (1996)
Missa Tira Corda a 16, Tölzer Knabenchor (Gerhard Schmidt-Gaden) (2010)
References
External links
Orazio Benevoli (1605 - 1672) at "Here of a Sunday Morning" website
Orazio Benevolo at Naxos Records
A review of debut recording of Orazio Benevoli's Missa Si Deus Pro Nobis, Magnificat
1605 births
1672 deaths
17th-century Italian composers
Italian Baroque composers
Italian male classical composers
Musicians from Rome
Italian people of French descent
17th-century male musicians |
5384975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittenden-1-2%20Vermont%20Representative%20District%2C%202002%E2%80%932012 | Chittenden-1-2 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012 | The Chittenden-1-2 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. Census.
The Chittenden-1-2 District includes all of the Chittenden County town of Charlotte plus those parts of the town of Hinesburg not included in Chittenden-1-1.
As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Chittenden-1-2 District had a population of 3,724 in that same census, 8.25% above the state average.
District Representative
Mike Yantachka, Democrat
See also
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2005-2006 session
Vermont Representative Districts, 2002-2012
External links
Detail map of the Chittenden-1-1, Chittenden-1-2, Chittenden-5-1, and Chittenden-5-2 districts
Vermont Statute defining legislative districts
Vermont House districts -- Statistics
Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012
Charlotte, Vermont
Hinesburg, Vermont |
5384997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alireza%20Nobari | Alireza Nobari | Ali Reza Nobari is the former Governor of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Bank Markazi Iran). At the time of his appointment, he was the youngest person, at thirty two years old, to ever have served as a central banker.
Education
Ali Reza held graduate degrees from Ecole Polytechnique and Stanford in mathematics, physics, economics and operations research. He was also the first person from Iran in thirty five years to receive a full scholarship to Ecole Polytechnique which was granted after he received the highest score in the country on his high school comprehensive exams.
Career
He was appointed to the position of Governor of the Central Bank by newly elected President Abolhassan Banisadr in late 1979 and served as Iran's Central Banker until he was forcibly ousted in the coup of June 1981 (which also ousted President Banisadr and other members of Banisadr's government).
Ali Reza Nobari served as Iran's Central Banker during the Iran Hostage Crisis. And during that time, he appeared on American ABC television channel programme Nightline with Ted Koppel. He worked tirelessly to unfreeze Iran's funds in the American banks and bring about a speedy release of American hostages. His position was supported by then President Banisadr but opposed by others close to Khomeini.
Immediately following the impeachment that removed Ali Reza and Banisadr, Banisadr's and Ali's supporters were arrested and either executed or tortured.
Ali managed to survive by using a disguise to exit the bank (which was surrounded) and then went underground. He spent months in hiding and finally escaped when Reza Abdolahi (the older brother of one of his close associates) paid two of Iran's top athletes to walk him over the Zagros Mountains to safety in Turkey. Ali Reza was in poor shape for the trek and would often collapse. But the two athletes charged with his safety managed to rouse him with a simple threat, "If they find you, you will not like what they will do to you so it is better we shoot you now."
The two athletes responsible for helping Ali escape were executed for their 'crime'.
Ali Reza now lives in Switzerland with his wife, Zahra Banisadr, and their three children. He has two other children by a former marriage to Cheryl Hugle, daughter of Frances Hugle (1927 – 1968) an American scientist, engineer and inventor, founder of Siliconex Inc.
Publications
Ali Reza Nobari, ed. Iran Erupts: Independence: News and Analysis of the Iranian National Movement. Stanford: Iran-America Documentation Group, 1978.
References
External links
List of Governors of the CBIRI
Iranian economists
People from Tehran
1947 births
Living people
Office for the Cooperation of the People with the President politicians
Governors of the Central Bank of Iran
Iranian campaign managers |
5385001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Arensbak | Ken Arensbak | Knud "Ken" Arensbak (1923–1997) was a Danish-born lithographer and artist who, along with his wife Neta (born Agnete), is best known for making fanciful handcrafted figures of trolls in the Great Smoky Mountains of Tennessee, United States. The family still operates 5 Arts Studio, which makes and sells Arensbak trolls to collectors all over the world.
Arensbak and his wife moved from post-war Denmark to Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1949. They started a family, then moved to Columbus, Ohio. Arensbak made his first trolls in 1959, to give to his children and neighbors who liked the folk stories he had told them about trolls. Ken's first love was painting, though, and so that he might have more time to pursue his passion, during the 1960s his wife and children took up the job of making trolls to sell in the local shops.
On his retirement in 1971, Arensbak moved with his family to Tennessee. 5 Arts Studio (so named for the five members of the Arensbak family at the time of the company's founding) is still located in Cosby, Tennessee and family operated.
The trolls are made from tree trunk bases that are covered in natural fiber with jute mustaches and eyebrows. All are decorated with nuts and seeds, or small ornaments which denote their job or passion. According to the informational cards packaged with them, the "age" of an Arensbak troll is determined by multiplying its height — ranging in size from 4" to 52" tall — by ten; thus, a 12" troll is said to be 120 years old. Most trolls are created with a natural theme in mind, though there are many modern jobs that have been chosen for more specialized designs, such as the "soccer troll" or the "fire fighter troll". Most trolls come in either male or female models, standard or albino in color.
External links
Arensbak Trolls official website
Article at knoxnews.com
Danish artists
1923 births
1997 deaths
People from Cosby, Tennessee
Danish emigrants to the United States
Danish expatriates in Canada |
5385015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink%20estate | Sink estate | A sink estate is a British term used for a council housing estate with high levels of social problems, particularly crime.
Origin
The phrase came into usage in the 1980s, and was used by the Prime Minister, Tony Blair in 1998, when he referred to "so-called sink estates" in a speech, such as the (since demolished) Aylesbury Estate.
Writing in The Guardian, Victoria Pinoncely argued that the term reinforced a sense of segregation and argued that "starved" would be a better term to describe estates that had been starved of investment in amenities, infrastructure and public spaces. She cited the regeneration of the Packington estate in Islington and the Ocean estate in Tower Hamlets as examples of how estates can be revitalised with increased public investment.
Crime
Sink estates are often associated with crime and programmes to regenerate these estates include crime-reduction strategies, such as the below listed by the New Statesman:
In one estate meetings were held three times weekly involving all the agencies that needed to share information. Coordination improved and the estate was transformed.
In another Lambeth estate a police sergeant familiar with the area organised job fairs, put gang members in touch with employers willing to take on those with criminal records. Many were brought out of crime and into honest work.
In yet another estate arson stopped after "local lads" had played football with a local fire brigade team.
The poet Bryon Vincent has referred to himself as coming from a sink estate, and spoken about his experiences with being bullied whilst young, and later spells of drug addiction and homelessness. He has argued that locating people with social and fiscal problems in the same area is "an idiotic idea that is destined to create a culture of perpetually spiralling criminality.
A 2014 report by the centre-right think tank Policy Exchange, The Estate We're In, called on the Government to set up an "Estate Recovery Board" to tackle problems with gang crime, unemployment, truancy and domestic violence.
References
Public housing in the United Kingdom |
5385042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20from%20CBGB%27s | Live from CBGB's | Live From CBGB is a live album by Living Colour recorded live on December 19, 1989 at the CBGB club, but not released until January 11, 2005 by Epic Records. This concert was the band's homecoming after experiencing worldwide success with the studio album Vivid throughout 1988 and 1989.
The show features a wealth of new material that would soon be released on their Grammy winning follow-up album Time's Up the following year. This album is the only Living Colour album to feature "Soldier's Blues," "Little Lies," and a cover of the Bad Brains classic "Sailin' On."
Track listing
Personnel
Corey Glover - lead vocals
Vernon Reid - guitar, backing vocals
Muzz Skillings - bass, backing vocals
Will Calhoun - drums, backing vocals, percussion
References
Living Colour albums
2005 live albums
Albums recorded at CBGB |
5385089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KOPB-FM | KOPB-FM | KOPB-FM (91.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to Portland, Oregon. The station is owned by Oregon Public Broadcasting and airs its news and talk programming, consisting of syndicated programming from NPR, APM and PRX, as well as locally produced offerings.
KOPB-FM serves as the flagship station for OPB. It is a primary entry point station for the Emergency Alert System.
External links
opb.org
OPB-FM
OPB-FM
NPR member stations
Radio stations established in 1952
1952 establishments in Oregon |
5385102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harefield%20%28disambiguation%29 | Harefield (disambiguation) | Harefield is a suburb of London.
Harefield may also refer to:
Harefield Entertainment, a 1602 court festival near London
Harefield, Southampton, a suburb in England
Harefield, New South Wales, a locality in Australia
Harefield railway station, a closed station |
5385131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikes%20%28restaurant%29 | Mikes (restaurant) | Mikes, referred to as Toujours Mikes in the current logo, is a chain of restaurants that originated in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, with 70 restaurants in Eastern Canada, mostly in Quebec.
The restaurant chain is owned by Imvescor Restaurant Group, based in Montreal, Quebec, which also owns Pizza Delight, Baton Rouge and Scores.
History
Mikes was founded in 1967 in Montreal, by the Marano brothers, as a sandwich shop. Since then, their menu has added pizza, pasta, other meals and some desserts. In 2016, in anticipation of its then upcoming 50th anniversary, the company debuted a new logo featuring a new slogan: "TOUJOURS MIKES" ("ALWAYS MIKES").
Gallery
See also
List of Canadian restaurant chains
References
External links
Restaurants established in 1967
Restaurants in Montreal
Restaurant chains in Canada
Pizza chains of Canada
1967 establishments in Quebec |
5385143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyalopilitic | Hyalopilitic | Hyalopilitic is a textural term used in petrographic classification of volcanic rocks. Specifically, hyalopilitic refers to a volcanic rock groundmass, which is visible only under magnification with a petrographic microscope, that contains a mixture of very fine-grained mineral crystals either mixed with natural volcanic glass, or surrounded by thin bands of volcanic glass.
See also
List of rock textures
Rock microstructure
Obsidian
Igneous petrology
Volcanic rocks |
5385155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%20Police%20of%20Esp%C3%ADrito%20Santo%20State | Military Police of Espírito Santo State | The Polícia Militar do Estado do Espírito Santo ("Military Police of the State of Espírito Santo"), also known as PMES, is a law enforcement organization that serves the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo.
History
The PMES was established on April 6, 1835 by local state governor Manoel José Pires da Silva Pontes. After the military coup of 1889, which resulted in the transformation of Brazil from a monarchy into a republic, the PMES was restructured and renamed Security Corps. Throughout the years, the organization changed names many times: Police Corps (1898), Military Police Corps (1908), Military Police Regiment (1924), Police Force (1933), Military Police Force (1940), and finally Military Police.
The Military Police of Espírito Santo has intervened in many regional conflicts including the Paraguayan War (1865), the Revolution at São Paulo (1924), the 1930 Revolution, the Constitutional Movement at São Paulo (1932), and the state riots in the North and Caparao regions. Today the PMES is mainly responsible for maintaining the public order in the state of Espirito Santo. PMES troops perform search and rescue missions, carry out civil defense actions, and are involved in the prevention and fighting of fires and explosions, usually in conjunction with the Military Fireman Corps.
Actions
The most violent regions in the state of Espírito Santo are located in the Serra and Cariacica municipalities of Greater Vitória. To prevent and combat crime there, the PMES regularly patrols those areas and actively seeks to attend to the necessities of the communities around the city. The PMES has developed safety education programs for the communities that it serves, conducting informational seminars and distributing booklets about public safety and drugs. These proactive actions have reportedly given the organization and its policemen a good image in the state.
Technology
The PMES has an integrated emergency system called the "Centro Integrado de Operações e Defesa Social (CIODES)". This system allows citizens to simultaneously reach the MPES, Fire Corps and the Civilian Police during an emergency by just dialing a single telephone number. Recently, however, some citizens have complained about having to wait twenty minutes on the phone before CIODES answers their calls .
Organization
The actual PMES Commander is Colonel Oberacy Emmerich.
The PMES is divided in:
Special Units
Forest Police Company Companhia de Polícia Ambiental
Mounted Police Regiment Regimento de Polícia Montada
Special Missions Battalion - Batalhão de Missões Especiais
Metropolitan Ostensive Policement Command - Comando de Policiamento Ostensivo Metropolitano
Transit Battalion - Batalhão de Trânsito
Southern Ostensive Policement Command - Comando de Policiamento Ostensivo Sul
Northern Ostensive Policement Command - Comando de Policiamento Ostensivo Norte
Shocking Battalion - Batalhão de Choque
Air Transport and Operation Nucleus - Núcleo de Operação e Transporte Aéreo
Administrative Commands
Teaching and Instruction Dept - Diretoria de Ensino e Instrução
Human Resources Dept. - Diretoria de Pessoal
Computer Science Dept. - Diretoria de Informática
Intelligence Dept. - Diretoria de Inteligência
Social Promotion Dept. - Diretoria de Promoção Social
Logistic Support Dept. - Diretoria de Apoio Logístico
Financial Dept. - Diretoria de Finanças
Corregedoria - An internal organization which investigates Police Excesses.
See also
Espírito Santo
Military Police of Brazil
Brazilian Federal Police
Federal Highway Police
Brazilian Civil Police
Brazilian Armed Forces
Military Police
Gendarmerie
References
Espirito Santo
Espírito Santo |
5385157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Malmsj%C3%B6 | Jan Malmsjö | Jan Wilhelm Malmsjö (born 29 May 1932) is a Swedish stage and film actor, musical star and singer. He is married to Marie Göranzon and father to Jonas Malmsjö.
Biography
Malmsjö was born in Lund, Sweden. He trained at the prestigious Royal Dramatic Training Academy from 1950 to 1953 and one of his first parts on the national stage was as Paris in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (1953).
He appeared in two episodes of the World War II drama Combat! in 1966, first on the fourth season episode "Sudden Terror" as Bruener and secondly on the fifth season episode "The Chapel at Able Five" as Captain Krauss. In the same year he played Ilya W. Vorchek in the episode "Agent of the East" of the World War II espionage series Blue Light.
Malmsjö has a great range as an actor from the title role in Shakespeare's Hamlet (Dramaten, 1974) and Reverent Manders in Ibsen's Ghosts to Henry Higgins in My Fair Lady and leading roles in other musicals such as La Cage aux Folles and Victor/Victoria. He has also cut several music records in his native Sweden. In the musical world, his Swedish language recording of "Willkommen"; Välkomna till Cabaret (from Malmö City Theatre's successful production of Cabaret 1970; where Malmsjö played the part of Emcee) is considered a masterpiece and treasure on CD.
He has filmed sporadically: one of his most famous film parts is as the Bishop Edvard Vergérus in Ingmar Bergman's Fanny and Alexander (1982). One of his more recent stage parts was as The Captain in Strindberg's The Dance of Death in the 1993 Dramaten-production, directed by Lars Norén (adapted for TV in 1996).
He also voiced Lumiere in the Swedish dub of Disney's Beauty and the Beast.
In December 2007, Malmsjö participated in the Swedish reality show Stjärnorna på slottet (Stars at the Castle), at Trolleholm Castle, along with Peter Stormare, Arja Saijonmaa, Britt Ekland and Magnus Härenstam.
He participated in Melodifestivalen 2019 with the song "Leva Livet".
Malmsjö was still acting as recently as 2017 at the age of 85, when he was rehearsing the title role of Krapp's Last Tape by Samuel Beckett, at Stockholm's Royal Dramatic Theatre. In early 2019, he was one of the contestants (in a preparatory heat) for Sweden's selection for the Eurovision Song Contest; last time he appeared in the show had been fifty years before.
Personal life
Malmsjö is married to actress and colleague of the Royal Dramatic Theatre, Marie Göranzon. His son, Jonas Malmsjö, is also an actor (and acted opposite his father in Ingmar Bergman's staging of The Ghost Sonata by August Strindberg, in 2000).
Awards
In 1972, Malmsjö was awarded Svenska Dagbladet's Thalia Prize. He was awarded the Litteris et Artibus and Illis quorum in 1986 and the Eugene O'Neill Award in 1988. He received the Guldmasken in 1997, 1999, 2004, and 2009.
Selected filmography
1959 – (a.k.a. The Imaginary Invalid) (TV theatre)
1959 – Pojken Winslow (a.k.a. The Winslow Boy) (TV theatre)
1960 – The Die Is Cast
1960 – Mälarpirater (aka, Pirates on the Malonen)
1962 – The Lady in White
1963 – Hide and Seek
1964 – Älskande par (aka, Loving Couples)
1966 – Torn Curtain (in final scene of this Hitchcock movie) – Swedish Photographer (uncredited)
1973 – Scenes from a Marriage
1975 – [[Release the Prisoners to Spring|Släpp fångarne loss, det är vår!]] 1980 – Marmalade Revolution 1982 – Fanny and Alexander 1986 – Peter the Great (miniseries)
1986 – (mini series)
1987 – Jim & Piraterna Blom (a.k.a. Jim and the Pirates)
1993 – Drömkåken (a.k.a. The Dream House)
1996 – Dödsdansen (TV-theatre, SVT)
1997 – Jag är din krigare
1998 – Den tatuerade änkan (TV)
2006 – – Walter
2006 – Beck – Den japanska shungamålningen – Ernst Levendahl
2007 – – Eckelstein
2013 – (2013) – Axel Frankel
Singles
Photographs
Jan Malmsjö as Hummel in Strindberg's "Ghost Sonata", directed by Ingmar Bergman (2000; left Gunnel Lindblom as The Mummy)
Jan Malmsjö in the 1970s
Jan Malmsjö – 2001 portrait
Jan Malmsjö as Manders in "Ghosts" by Henrik Ibsen (left: Pernilla August as Mrs. Alving)
Photo from Dramaten.se
References
External links
1932 births
Eugene O'Neill Award winners
Litteris et Artibus recipients
Living people
Melodifestivalen contestants
People from Lund
Swedish male film actors
Swedish male musical theatre actors
Swedish male singers
Swedish male television actors
Recipients of the Illis quorum |
5385158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Scooby-Doo%2C%20Where%20Are%20You%21%20episodes | List of Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! episodes | Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! is a Saturday morning cartoon produced by Hanna-Barbera.
Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (1969–70)
Season 2 (1970)
Season 3 (1978-79)
The first nine episodes of the 16-episode 1978-79 season of Scooby-Doo were broadcast under the Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! utilizing the original 1969 intro and outro. The revival series was cancelled on November 11, 1978, and the remaining seven episodes that were intended for the revival were instead broadcast during the Scooby's All-Stars block; all 16 were rerun during this block and later syndicated as part of The Scooby-Doo Show. See List of The Scooby-Doo Show episodes for entire season run and The Scooby-Doo Show for proper production credits.
See also
Lost Mysteries
Notes
1.In the crossover episode from The CW dark fantasy series Supernatural, Sam & Dean Winchester along with Castiel get transported to this episode by a ghost.
References
Lists of Scooby-Doo television series episodes
Lists of American children's animated television series episodes |
5385175 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikythera%20wreck | Antikythera wreck | The Antikythera wreck () is a Roman-era shipwreck dating from the second quarter of the first century BC.
It was discovered by sponge divers off Point Glyphadia on the Greek island of Antikythera in 1900.
The wreck yielded numerous statues, coins, and other artifacts dating back to the fourth century BC, as well as the severely corroded remnants of a device many regard as the world's oldest known analog computer, the Antikythera mechanism. These ancient artifacts, works of art, and elements of the ship are now on display at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens.
Discovery
Around Easter 1900, Captain Dimitrios Kondos and his crew of sponge divers from Symi sailed through the Aegean en route to fishing grounds off North Africa. They stopped at the Greek island of Antikythera to wait for favorable winds. During the layover, they began diving off the island's coast wearing the standard diving dress of the time – canvas suits and copper helmets.
Diver Elias Stadiatis descended to depth, then quickly signaled to be pulled to the surface. He described a heap of rotting corpses and horses strewn among the rocks on the seafloor. Thinking the diver was drunk from the nitrogen in his breathing mix at that depth, Kondos donned diving gear and descended to the site. He soon returned to the surface with the arm of a bronze statue. Shortly thereafter, the men departed as planned to fish for sponges, but at the end of the season they returned to Antikythera and retrieved several artifacts from the wreck. Kondos reported the finds to authorities in Athens, and quickly Hellenic Navy vessels were sent to support the salvage effort from November 1900 through 1901.
Artifact recovery
Together with the Greek Education Ministry and the Royal Hellenic Navy, the sponge divers salvaged numerous artifacts from the waters. By the middle of 1901, divers had recovered bronze statues, one named "The Philosopher", the Youth of Antikythera (Ephebe) of c. 340 BC, and thirty-six marble sculptures including Hercules, Ulysses, Diomedes, Hermes, Apollo, three marble statues of horses (a fourth was dropped during recovery and was lost on the sea floor), a bronze lyre, and several pieces of glasswork. Recovered ship's equipment included lead scupper pipes and hull sheeting, and a set of lead sounding weights weighing . These are the only sounding weights ever discovered on an ancient shipwreck in the Aegean, although comparable examples have been recovered along the Levantine coast. Many other small and common artifacts also were found, and the entire assemblage was taken to the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. The death of diver Giorgos Kritikos and the paralysis of two others due to decompression sickness put an end to work at the site during the summer of 1901.
On 17 May 1902, archaeologist Valerios Stais made the most celebrated find while studying the artefacts at the National Archaeological Museum. He noticed that a severely corroded piece of bronze had a gear wheel embedded in it and legible inscriptions in Greek. The object would come to be known as the Antikythera mechanism. Originally thought to be one of the first forms of a mechanised clock or an astrolabe, it is at times referred to as the world’s oldest known analog computer.
The wreck remained untouched until 1953, when French naval officer and explorer Jacques-Yves Cousteau briefly visited to relocate the site. Cousteau returned with a full team in the summer and autumn of 1976 at the invitation of the Greek government. Under the direction of archaeologist Dr. Lazaros Kolonas, the team recovered nearly 300 artifacts, including four hull planks, ceramic jars, bronze and silver coins, pieces of bronze and marble sculptures, bronze statuettes, several pieces of gold jewelry, and even human remains of the crew and passengers.
A five-year comprehensive survey program which began in 2021 recovered additional artifacts, including the head of a marble statue, possibly the missing head of a statue of which Hercules recovered from the same site in 1902.
Dating
Although the retrieval of artifacts from the shipwreck was highly successful and accomplished within two years, dating the site proved difficult and took much longer. Based on related works with known provenances, the bronze statues could be dated back to the fourth century BC. It was suggested that the marble statues, however, were Hellenistic-era copies of earlier works.
Some scholars speculated that the ship was carrying part of the loot of the Roman General Sulla from Athens in 86 BC, and might have been on its way to Italy. A reference by the Greek writer, Lucian, to one of Sulla's ships sinking in the Antikythera region gave rise to this theory. Supporting an early first-century BC date were domestic utensils and objects from the ship, similar to those known from other first-century BC contexts. The amphorae recovered from the wreck indicated a date of 80–70 BC, the Hellenistic pottery a date of 75–50 BC, and the Roman ceramics were similar to known mid-first century types. Any possible association with Sulla was eliminated, however, when the coins discovered in the 1970s during work by Jacques Cousteau and associates were found to have been minted between 76 and 67 BC. Nevertheless, it is possible that the sunken cargo ship was en route to Rome or elsewhere in Italy with looted treasures to support a triumphal parade. Alternatively, perhaps the cargo was assembled on commission from a wealthy Roman patron.
Remains of hull planks showed that the ship was made of elm, a wood often used by the Romans in their ships. Eventually, in 1964, a sample of the hull planking was carbon dated, and delivered a calibrated calendar date of 220 BC ± 43 years. The disparity in the calibrated radiocarbon date and the expected date based on the ceramics and coins was explained by presuming that the sample plank originated from an old tree, cut much earlier than the ship's sinking event.
Further evidence for an early first-century BC sinking date came in 1974, when Yale University Professor Derek de Solla Price published his interpretation of the Antikythera mechanism. He argued that the object was a calendar computer. From gear settings and inscriptions on the mechanism's faces, he concluded that the mechanism was made about 87 BC and lost only a few years afterward.
21st-century expeditions
In 2012, marine archeologist Brendan P. Foley (formerly of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in the United States and since 2017 at Lund University, Sweden) received permission from the Greek government to conduct new dives around the entire island of Antikythera. With project co-director Dr. Theotokis Theodoulou, the divers began a preliminary three-week survey in October 2012 using rebreather technology, to allow for extended dives down to a depth of , for a fuller, complete survey of the site. The team completed an underwater circumnavigation of the island, documented several isolated finds, relocated the Antikythera Wreck, and identified a second ancient shipwreck a few hundred meters south of the Antikythera Wreck.
The Hellenic Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities (EUA) has continued investigations at Antikythera. In 2014 and 2015 it conducted robotic mapping surveys over the two ancient wreck sites, cooperating with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the Australian Centre for Field Robotics of the University of Sydney. Subsequent excavations of the Antikythera Wreck in 2014–2016 delivered new finds from the ship: wood elements from the hull or decks, components of two anchors made of lead, an enormous lead salvage ring, lead hull sheeting, several bronze nails and spikes, and a bronze rigging ring. The wreck also relinquished many luxury goods, including two large bronze spears from statues, the left hand of a marble statue, ornate glass bowls, intact ceramic jars of several different styles, and a gold ring very similar to one recovered in 1976. One extraordinary find is an ancient weapon known as a dolphin, a lead bulb tipped with an iron spike, intended to be dropped from the ship’s yardarm through the deck and hull of an attacking vessel. This is the only example of a war dolphin ever discovered.
On 31 August 2016, a 2000-year old human skeleton nicknamed Pamphilos was discovered at the shipwreck.
The EUA excavation continued in September–October 2017 and in October 2019, and resulted in the recovery of a bronze arm from a sculpture, together with other fragments of bronze and marble statues. Organic finds included more human skeletal remains, and a large section of articulated hull planking and frames from the ship. The team also recovered a finely-formed red marble object that may be a sarcophagus lid, and a mysterious bronze disk depicting a bull.
In 2022 three 8.5-ton boulders that had partially covered the wreck were removed, permitting further discoveries. Human teeth were found, opening the possibility of genetic and isotopic analysis to provide information on the people who sailed the ship. Archaeologist Lorenz Baumer, overseeing the 2022 mission with the University of Geneva, described the Antikythera wreck as "an extremely rich site, the richest in the ancient world".
See also
Out-of-place artifact
References
Citations
Bibliography
P. Kabbadias, The Recent Finds off Cythera The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 21. (1901), pp. 205–08.
Gladys Davidson Weinberg; Virginia R. Grace; G. Roger Edwards; Henry S. Robinson; Peter Throckmorton; Elizabeth K. Ralph, "The Antikythera Shipwreck Reconsidered", Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Ser., Vol. 55, No. 3. (1965), pp. 3–48.
Derek de Solla Price, "Gears from the Greeks. The Antikythera Mechanism: A Calendar Computer from ca. 80 B.C." Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Ser., Vol. 64, No. 7. (1974), pp. 1–70.
Nigel Pickford, The Atlas of Ship Wrecks & Treasures, pp. 13–15, .
Willard Bascom, Deep water, ancient ships: The treasure vault of the Mediterranean, .
Giovanni Pastore, The Recovered Archimedes Planetarium, Rome (2013),
Further reading
Marchant, Jo (2015) Smithsonian Magazine "Exploring the Titanic of the Ancient World"
External links
A virtual tour of the exhibition dedicated to the Antikythera shipwreck at the National Archaeological Museum.
The "Return to Antikythera" Dive Official Website
Videos shown at the National Archaeological Museum "Antikythera Shipwreck" exhibition
1900 archaeological discoveries
1st century BC in the Roman Republic
Archaeology of shipwrecks
Kythira
Shipwrecks of Greece
Treasure from shipwrecks
1900 in Greece |
5385184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solo%20%28Marvel%20Comics%29 | Solo (Marvel Comics) | James Bourne, also known as Solo is a fictional character, appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Web of Spider-Man #19 in October 1986 and was created by writer David Michelinie and artist Marc Silvestri.
A former citizen of the United States who renounced his citizenship, Solo works as a bodyguard and counter-terrorism operative. He is a master hand-to-hand combatant and expert marksman, and utilises a range of conventional weapons, although he also possesses limited teleportation abilities, allowing him to "jump" from place to place for short distances. He is known for his catchphrase, "While Solo lives, terror dies!"
Publication history
Solo first appeared in Web of Spider-Man #19 (October 1986). He was created by writer David Michelinie and artist Marc Silvestri.
Solo has had his own self-titled 4-issue limited series in 1994, which guest-starred Spider-Man.
After appearing in Deadpool and the Mercs for Money, he was given a second 5-issue limited series in 2016.
Fictional character biography
Born in the United States but having renounced his citizenship to any country, Solo works as a counter-terrorism operative, and makes limited appearances in the Marvel Comics universe. He is known for his catchphrase, "While Solo lives, terror dies!"
In his first appearance, Solo teleported inside a foreign embassy in West Germany and killed all the terrorists inside. He next foiled ULTIMATUM's plot to destroy the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. He also shot ULTIMATUM terrorists who were trying to destroy Ellis Island, and then joined forces with Spider-Man to capture ULTIMATUM's commanding officer. Outside Barcelona, Spain, Solo assassinated Toro Mendoza, leader of the Cascan separatists.
When the Sinister Six reform and defeat both Spider-Man and the Hulk, Solo aids the web-slinger in his second fight against the super villain team. Things take a turn for the worse when Mysterio uses an illusion to make Solo believe he is attacking the Six, when in reality he is attacking Spider-Man while the Six escape. Solo escapes and Spider-Man is rescued by Cyborg X and Deathlok. Soon after, Solo rejoins Spider-Man to aid him in a final assault on the Six aided by the Hulk, Ghost Rider, Sleepwalker, Nova, Deathlok and the Fantastic Four. With the villains defeated, Solo disappears.
Solo later fought La Tarantula. He defeated a Sicilian crime syndicate, and then joined forces with Spider-Man against the agents of the Taskmaster and the Red Skull. A rematch with La Tarantula ended with each combatant wrongly believing he had killed the other. Solo then joined forces with Black Cat against the terrorist organization called ARES, and stopped their money laundering operation. He encountered their leader Deathstorm who revealed he had ties with Solo's past. Solo later joined forces with Nick Fury against the Viper.
Solo also once helped Spider-Man take on criminally-trained specialist versions of Captain America, Hawkeye, and Spider-Man himself.
Later, Solo assists dozens of other heroes in battling a seemingly rampaging Wolverine (he was being mentally influenced). He confronts Wolverine, side-by-side with Cardiac. Solo is swiftly defeated, suffering deep lacerations in the process. Cardiac is subdued by falling masonry.
Solo is hired by G. W. Bridge to join the new Six Pack alongside Hammer, Domino, Anaconda, and Constrictor in their mission to take down Cable. Like Bridge and Hammer, Solo is captured and placed in suspended animation. He is eventually released.
During the "Civil War" storyline, Solo sides with other heroes who oppose registration, including Battlestar and Typeface. While waiting to make contact with the resistance led by Captain America, Solo and the others are arrested by Iron Man, Ms. Marvel, Wonder Man and S.H.I.E.L.D. agents.
Solo has been identified as one of the 142 registered superheroes. Solo was hired along with Clay, as bodyguards to protect Wally and Molly, cheery twins who sing anti-Mutant hate-songs. They chained up M, tied up Siryn and taped her mouth shut, and locked both women in a desert bunker after they tried to round two kids up in order to enforce the kids grandparents' court granted visitation rights.
During the "Dark Reign" storyline, Solo was hired by a man later revealed to be Bullseye's father to capture Bullseye. Bullseye threw a shard of glass into Solo's left eye, but Solo survived and managed to capture Bullseye after tasering him. The assassins chasing Elektra attempt to hire Solo to assist but fail.
Following the eight month ellipsis after the "Secret Wars" storyline, Solo is seen as part of Deadpool's new Mercs for Money. He attempts to steal a classified drive in Seoul, and ends up in a fight with the Korean heroine White Fox. Solo takes a specific interest in Deadpool's morality, such as when he urges him to destroy a robot whose knowledge of the future threatens innocent lives.
During the "Iron Man 2020" event, Solo appears as a member of Force Works. During a raid on a robot hideout, one of the robots self-destructs when cornered by War Machine and Gauntlet. Maria Hill mentioned to War Machine that Solo quit because he felt that War Machine was not teammate material.
Powers and abilities
Solo has somewhat limited teleportation abilities, allowing him to "jump" from place to place for short distances. There appears to be a limit to the distance and the amount of time between Solo's teleports. He has a gifted intellect, and is a master of many forms of hand-to-hand combat. He is highly adept in the use of conventional weapons and firearms and is an expert marksman.
Solo wears bullet-proof quilted Kevlar with pouches to hold weapons and ammunition. He carries an arsenal of portable conventional weaponry, including sub-machine guns, automatic rifles, automatic pistols, hand grenades, combat knives, etc., and has been known to use ninja climbing claws.
Collected editions
References
External links
Solo Profile on the official Marvel Website
Comics characters introduced in 1986
Characters created by David Michelinie
Characters created by Marc Silvestri
Fictional bodyguards
Fictional gunfighters
Fictional marksmen and snipers
Fictional mercenaries in comics
Marvel Comics characters who can teleport
Marvel Comics superheroes
Spider-Man characters
Vigilante characters in comics |
5385189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairfield%20%28typeface%29 | Fairfield (typeface) | Fairfield is an old-style serif typeface designed by Rudolf Ruzicka as a text font. Released in 1940, its design is rooted in the forms of Venetian Old Face types. Fairfield Medium was released in 1947.
Ruzicka on the typeface: “The limitations accepted were those tending to the greatest economy of means, rather than those supposedly inherent in the machine. For this reason ligatures (which only add to the number of characters) were confined to the f combinations required by usage. The lowercase f’s, both roman and italic, fit not only all the characters, but even themselves – the twenty six leaden soldiers could fight their battles untied yet in accord.”
Digital versions
Commercial versions are available as Adobe Fairfield LT Std and Bitstream Transitional 551. The Adobe designer Alex Kaczun has redone and expanded upon the original Linotype face with bold and heavy weights plus small capitals and old style figures. Fanwood is an open-source version from Barry Schwartz, including Fanwood Text designed specifically for digital screens.
References
External links
Fanwood Typeface - League of Movable Type
Old style serif typefaces
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1940
Letterpress typefaces
Photocomposition typefaces
Digital typefaces
Typefaces with text figures |
5385192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket%20604 | Socket 604 | Socket 604 is a 604-pin microprocessor socket designed to interface an Intel's Xeon processor to the rest of the computer. It provides both an electrical interface as well as physical support. This socket is designed to support a heatsink.
Launched at November 18, 2002, over the year after Socket 603, it was originally used to accommodate most Xeons introduced at the time. It was succeeded by LGA 771 in 2006 for low- and mid-end server ranges, but still staying in high-end server range, including 4- and 8-processor configurations, in which the successor - LGA 1567 - appeared in 2010. At the time, LGA 1366 was the primary socket for Xeons in low- and mid-end server ranges, with cheaper configurations still sometimes using LGA 771 socket. The socket had an unusually long life span, lasting 9 years (2 years longer than consumer-grade LGA 775) until the last processors supporting it ceased production in the 3rd quarter of 2011.
Technical specifications
Socket 604 was designed by Intel as a zero insertion force socket intended for workstations and server platforms. While the socket contains 604 pins, it only has 603 electrical contacts, the last being a dummy pin. Each contact has a 1.27mm pitch with regular pin array, to mate with a 604-pin processor package.
Socket 604 processors utilize a bus speed of either 400, 533, 667, 800, or 1066 MHz and were manufactured in either a 130, 90, 65 or 45 nm process. Socket 604 processors cannot be inserted into Socket 603 designed motherboards due to one additional pin being present, but Socket 603 processors can be inserted into Socket 604 designed motherboards, since the extra pin slot does not do anything for a 603 CPU.
Socket 604 processors range from 1.60 GHz through 3.80 GHz, with the higher clock rates only found among older, slower NetBurst-based Xeons.
The following Intel Xeon chipsets used Socket 604:
Intel E7205
Intel E7210 Canterwood-ES
Intel 7300
Intel E7320
Intel E7500
Intel E7501
Intel E7505
Intel E7520
Intel E7525
Late Socket 604 "revivals":
Intel Xeon 7300 (Quadcore Core2-based "Xeon Tigerton" since September 6, 2007)
Intel Xeon 7400 (Quad-/Hexacore Penryn-based "Xeon Dunnington" since September 15, 2008).
See also
List of Intel microprocessors
List of Intel Xeon microprocessors
References
External links
Intel.com
Socket 604 |
5385199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossal%20Baroque | Colossal Baroque | The Colossal Baroque style is a name which has been coined to describe a number of compositions from the 17th and 18th centuries composed in an opulent, magnificent and large-scaled style. Such works frequently make use of polychoral techniques and often feature instrumental forces considerably larger than the norm for the Baroque period. The Colossal Baroque had its roots in Italy, in the resplendent multiple polychoral music of the Venetian School, in the sumptuous, extravagant productions of the Medici court, for example the 40- and 60-voice Missa sopra Ecco sì beato giorno by Alessandro Striggio, and in the large polychoral works of the Roman School, many of which were written long after the Venetian School had vanished. An impetus for this music was the Council of Trent, which marked the beginning of the Counter-Reformation. Some attendees of the Council held the unofficial point of view that music should be subservient to text, as idealized and exemplified in the choral music of Palestrina. Some critics held that this was not as achievable in larger choral textures.
Background
Some of the roots of the Colossal Baroque style were in the opulent Florentine Intermedii of the 16th century, commissioned and attended by the powerful Medici family. La Pellegrina, performed for the wedding of Ferdinand de' Medici to the French princess, Christine of Lorraine, in 1589, featured music for up to seven choirs, by Cristofano Malvezzi in Intermedio VI.
Yet another city that cultivated large sonorities was Rome. Composers there were not as adventurous with harmony and rhythm as the Venetians, but they had spacious churches with elaborate interiors which demanded music to match. Composers such as Orazio Benevoli, who began his career in Rome, helped spread the style elsewhere, especially across the Brenner Pass into the Austrian lands.
In the Austrian area, multi-part pieces were written for special occasions but not always published. There is a long list of missing and incomplete works by Giovanni Valentini, (some in 17 choirs), Priuli, Bernadi, (the mass for consecration of Salzburg Cathedral used 16 choirs), and others. Some of Valentini's trumpet parts survive; they have few changes of note, and many rests. It is possible that the brass may have made dovetailed mass volume answering phrases in a multichoir texture similar to the effects exploited by Giovanni Gabrieli and the other composers of the Venetian School.
Pieces were typically in 12 or more parts but there is evidence that the polychoral aspects did not always involve wide spacing. For example, in Ugolini's Exultate Omnes there are trio passages for all the sopranos, tenors and altos from each choir together. This would have been impractical if the singers were widely separated, due to the physical limitation imposed by the speed of sound. On the other hand, some pieces were very likely to have been performed with singers and players distributed widely, in venues such as Salzburg Cathedral; for maximum effect and practicality, much of this music was antiphonal or exploited echo effects.
Orazio Benevoli became confused with Heinrich Biber and Stefano Bernardi in the celebrated mixup over the authorship of the Missa Salisburgensis, now assigned to Biber and provisionally dated to 1682.
Works we may consider to be examples of the Colossal Baroque style were frequently ceremonial works, composed for special occasions (coronations, weddings, religious festivals, municipal functions, victory celebrations, et cetera). These works were frequently performed with unusually large musical forces. From time to time the scores of such works may have been presented to the aristocrat hosting or the subject of the event. As a result, many scores of large-scale 16th- and 17th-century works have been lost. Heinrich Schütz composed a musical setting of Psalm 136, Danket dem Herren, denn er ist freundlich which included three vocal choirs, 12 cornetti and 18 trumpets. This score is also now lost.
Some composers
Composers of the 17th century who composed works in the colossal style include:
Orazio Benevoli (1605–1672).
Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber (1644–1704).
Dietrich Buxtehude
Marc-Antoine Charpentier
Giovanni Gabrieli
Stefano Landi
Heinrich Schütz
Joannes Baptista Dolar
Johann Joseph Fux
Andreas Hofer
Jean-Baptiste Lully
Vincenzo Ugolini (c. 1580 – 1638)
Works which may be considered to be in the "Colossal Baroque" style
Giovanni Gabrieli: Sonata XX à 22
Giovanni Gabrieli: Magnificat à 33 voci
Michael Praetorius: In Dulci Jubilo à 12, 16, & 20 cum Tubis
Stefano Landi: Missa à 12 chori (music lost)
Heinrich Schütz: SWV 476 - Domini est terra (this work features two vocal choirs, 2 cornettini, 5 dulcians, 2 violins, 4 trombones)
Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber: Missa Salisburgensis à 53 voci
Jean-Baptiste Lully: Te Deum (Lully conducted a performance with a choir of 300 singers and an orchestra of a similar size)
Marc-Antoine Charpentier: Messe à quatre chœurs
Dietrich Buxtehude: BuxWV 113 - Benedicam Dominum in omni tempore à 24 (this motet features six "choirs" of voices and instruments)
Johann Joseph Fux: Costanza e Fortezza (the score for this opera features 8 trumpets, 2 timpanists and two complete orchestras)
Johann Sebastian Bach: Passion after Matthew for solo voices, double choir and double orchestra
Music editions
Orazio Benevoli Opera Omnia, ed.
L. Feininger, Monumenta liturgiae Polychoralis Sanctae Ecclesiae Romane (Rome, 1966-).
Orazio Benevoli, Christe, a 12 in 3 choirs, ed.
Marcel Couraud (Paris, Editions Salabert, 1973)
Vincenzo Ugolini, Exultate omnes, Beata es Virgo Maria and Quae est ista, three motets in 12 part triple choirs. Transcribed and edited by Graham Dixon (Mapa Mundi, 1982).
Books with Music
Steven Saunders, CROSS, SWORD AND LYRE, Sacred Music at the Imperial Court of Ferdinand II of Habsburg (1619–1637) (Clarendon, 1995).
Notes
References
Joseph Dyer, "Roman Catholic church music, §II: The 16th century in Europe". Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed May 15, 2007), (subscription access)
Baroque music
Polychoral compositions
European court festivities |
5385205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly%20Away | Fly Away | Fly Away or Flyaway may refer to:
Music
Albums
Fly Away (Banaroo album), 2007
Fly Away (Corrinne May album), 2001
Flyaway (Nutshell album), 1997
Fly Away (Paul Wright album), 2003
Fly Away (Voyage album), 1978
Fly Away, by All Angels, 2009
Fly Away, by Driver Friendly, 2004
Songs
"Fly Away" (David Foster song), 1980 (popularized by Peter Allen)
"Fly Away" (Haddaway song), 1995
"Fly Away" (Honey Ryder song), 2009
"Fly Away" (John Denver song), 1975
"Fly Away" (Lead song), 2003
"Fly Away" (Lenny Kravitz song), 1998
"Fly Away" (Loretta Lynn song), 1988
"Fly Away" (Seo In-guk song), 2013
"Fly Away" (5 Seconds of Summer song), 2015
"Fly Away" (Tones and I song), 2020
"Fly Away", by Asami Izawa from the TV series Eureka Seven
"Fly Away", by The Black Eyed Peas from the album Elephunk, 2003
"Fly Away", by Blackfoot from the album Marauder, 1981
"Fly Away", by Cecilia from the album Inner Harmony, 1999
"Fly Away", by The Cheetah Girls from the soundtrack to the film The Cheetah Girls: One World, 2008
"Fly Away", by Daniel Powter from his album Under the Radar
"Fly Away", by DJ Company
"Fly Away", by Lutricia McNeal from the album Whatcha Been Doing, 1999
"Fly Away", a song by Michael Jackson originally intended for the album Bad, 1987 (released 2001)
"Fly Away", by Misia from the album Kiss in the Sky, 2002
"Fly Away", by Nelly from the soundtrack to the film The Longest Yard, 2005
"Fly Away", by Peter Andre from the album Angels & Demons, 2012
"Fly Away", by Sugarland from the album Twice the Speed of Life, 2004
"Fly Away", by T-Pain from the album Rappa Ternt Sanga, 2005
"Fly Away", by TeddyLoid from the soundtrack of the TV series Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt, 2010
"Fly Away" by TheFatRat ft. Anjulie, 2017
"Last Dollar (Fly Away)", a 2007 song by Tim McGraw from the album Let It Go
Other
Fly Away (film), a 2011 American dramatic film
Flyaway (novel), a 1978 first-person narrative thriller novel by Desmond Bagley
Flyaway, a 2012 novel by Lucy Christopher
FlyAway (bus), a shuttle bus service created and funded by Los Angeles World Airports
Fly Away (The Following), an episode of the television series The Following
Flyaway, a type of cheap plastic football also known as a penny floater
See also
Fly (disambiguation) |
5385213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket%20603 | Socket 603 | Socket 603 is a motherboard socket for Intel's Xeon processor.
Technical specifications
Socket 603 was designed by Intel as a zero insertion force socket intended for workstations and server platforms. It contains 603 contacts arrayed in a grid about the center of the socket, each contact has a 1.27mm pitch with regular pin array, to mate with a 603-pin processor package. Intel's design notes distinguish Socket 603 from Socket 604 as low cost, low risk, robust, high volume manufacturable, and multi-sourceable.
All Socket 603 processors have a bus speed of 400 MHz and were manufactured in either a 180 nm process, or 130 nm process. Socket 603 processors can be inserted into Socket 604 designed motherboards, but Socket 604 processors cannot be inserted into Socket 603 designed motherboards due to one additional pin being present. Socket 603 processors range from 1.4 GHz to 3.2 GHz.
References
Old Link: http://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/designguide/249672.pdf
11/19/2016: http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/design-guides/603-pin-socket-guidelines.pdf
External links
Intel.com
Intel CPU sockets |
5385214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Sarolea | Henri Sarolea | Henri Sarolea (18 January 1844, Maastricht – 12 September 1900, Heerlen), was a Dutch railway entrepreneur and contractor who settled in Heerlen after having worked on the railways in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).
His house in Heerlen was located close to where today there is a major railway crossing which did not exist when Henri moved there. Although the big towns surrounding Heerlen had railroad service (to places like Aachen, Liège, and Maastricht), Heerlen did not. At the age of 42 (1886) Henri started to plan a railroad between Herzogenrath, Heerlen, and Sittard. At first the Dutch government was skeptical about building a railroad in that far corner of the country, but Henri persevered and on 1 January 1896 the railroad was opened.
A few years earlier an industrial and mining family from Aachen, the Honingmann family bought a concession to mine for coal around Heerlen, but it proved to be impossible to ship the coal over the small roads around Heerlen. When they found out that Henri Sarolea was planning to build a railroad the brothers Friedrich (1841-1913) and Carl Honingmann (1842-1903) realised that it was time exploit the rich coal veins of Heerlen.
The first mine was dug right next to the railway. Henri, convinced that the mines would change Heerlen for good, even became a member of the board of directors of the Oranje Nassau Mijnen, the public name of the company. Unfortunately he did not see how his railroad changed Heerlen, he died of a heart attack in 1900 at the age of 56.
Trivia
One of the most important shopping streets in Heerlen was renamed after Henri Sarolea. The Saroleastraat (Sarolea Street) runs from the train station into the heart of Heerlen's shopping neighbourhood.
Sources
Translated from the Dutch Wiki, which used:
Gemeentearchief Heerlen
De Oranje-Nassau-mijnen op www.ta.tudelft.nl
1844 births
1900 deaths
Dutch mining businesspeople
Dutch people in rail transport
History of Limburg (Netherlands)
People from Heerlen
People from Maastricht |
5385216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peeter | Peeter | Peeter is a masculine given name, a cognate of the name Peter. It exists in Estonian, Flemish and Dutch languages.
The Flemish/Dutch name may also be written as Pieter and occasionally translated as Peter.
Notable people with the given name include:
Estonian
Peeter All (1829–1898), Estonian fisherman, ship captain, ship owner and salvage diver
Peeter Allik (1966–2019), Estonian surrealist artist
Peeter Baranin (1882–1966), Estonian politician
Peeter Ernits (born 1953), Estonian zoologist, journalist and politician
Peeter Helme (born 1978), Estonian writer
Peeter Hoppe (born on 1960), Estonian Brigadier General
Peeter Jakobi (born 1940), Estonian actor
Peeter Jakobson (1854–1899), Estonian writer
Peeter Jalakas (born 1961), Estonian theatre director, producer, playwright and restaurateur
Peeter Järvelaid (born 1957), Estonian legal scholar and historian
Peeter Kaldur (born 1954), Estonian Lutheran clergyman
Peeter Kard (1940–2006), Estonian actor
Peeter Karu (1909–1942), Estonian sport shooter
Peeter Kõpp (1888–1960), Estonian agronomist, politician and professor
Peeter Kreitzberg (1948–2011), Estonian politician
Peeter Kümmel (born 1982), Estonian cross-country skier and Olympic competitor
Peeter Laurits (born 1962), Estonian artist and photographer
Peeter Laurson (born 1971), Estonian chemist, economist and politician
Peeter Lepp (born 1943), Estonian politician
Peeter Lilje (1950–1993), Estonian conductor
Peeter Luksep (1955–2015), Swedish politician
Peeter Malvet (1907–1978), Estonian military soldier, jurist and politician
Peeter Mudist (1942–2013) Estonian painter, sculptor and print-maker
Peeter Mürk (1911–1974), Estonian weightlifter
Peeter Nelis (born 1953), Estonian fencer and coach
Peeter Oja (born 1960), Estonian actor, singer, comedian and media personality
Peeter Olesk (born 1953), Estonian literary scholar and politician
Peeter Päkk (born 1957), Estonian sports shooter
Peeter Pere (born 1957), Estonian architect and artist
Peeter Põld (1878–1930), Estonian pedagogic scientist, school director and politician
Peeter Rahnel (born 1957), Estonian politician
Peeter Rebane (born 1973), Estonian film director, producer and entrepreneur
Peeter Saan (born 1959), Estonian conductor and military officer
Peeter Sauter (born 1962), Estonian author and actor
Peeter Simm (born 1953), Estonian film director
Peeter Süda (1883–1920), Estonian organist, composer and collector of Estonian folksongs
Peeter Tali (born 1964), Estonian military officer and journalist
Peeter Tarvas (1916–1987), Estonian architect and professor
Peeter Tammearu (born 1964), Estonian actor and theatre director
Peeter Tooming (1939–1997), Estonian photographer, documentary film director and journalist
Peeter Torop (born 1950), Estonian semiotician and scientist
Peeter Tulviste (1945–2017), Estonian psychologist, educator and politician
Peeter Turnau (born 1994), Estonian fencer
Peeter Urbla (born 1945), Estonian film director, producer and screenwriter
Peeter Vähi (born 1955), Estonian composer
Peeter Volkonski (born 1954), Estonian actor, rock-musician and composer
Peeter Volmer (1940–2002), Estonian singer and actor
Peeter Võsa (born 1967), Estonian journalist, television presenter and politician
Peeter Võsu (born 1958), Estonian politician
Flemish / Dutch
Peeter Gijsels (1621–1690), Flemish Baroque painter
Peeter Sion
Peeter Baltens
Peeter Symons
Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger
Peeter Cornet
Jan Peeter Verdussen
Peeter van Bredael
Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Elder
Peter Franchoys
Pieter Snyers
Jan Peeter van Bredael the Elder
Pieter Boel
Peeter van Loon
Pieter Verdussen
Pieter Meert
Peeter van Aelst (disambiguation)
Pieter Verbrugghen I
Pieter van Bloemen
Peter Snayers
Jan Pieter van Bredael the Younger
Peter Frans Casteels
Pieter Stalpaert
Jan Pieter Brueghel
Pieter Jan Snyers
Peter Vanden Gheyn (disambiguation)
Peter I Vanden Gheyn
Pieter van Aelst (17th century)
Peter IV Vanden Gheyn
Pieter Bout
Pieter Scheemaeckers
Pieter van Aelst (disambiguation)
Peter Danckerts de Rij
Petrus Phalesius the Elder
Pieter Meulener
Pieter Faes
Pieter Hardimé
Pieter van der Borcht (III)
Pieter Stevens II
See also
References
Estonian masculine given names |
5385226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kev%C3%A4t | Kevät | Kevät is an album by Finnish a cappella ensemble Rajaton, released in 2005. The word kevät means "spring" in Finnish. This Finnish pop album is decidedly different from the previous, more traditional albums. In each of the songs, one member acts as the soloist, with the other five as back up (except for Nälkäiset Linnut, which features two leads). The album peaked at #3 in the Finnish charts and sold gold within six weeks of release.
Track listing
Track (Composer), Soloist
Kivinen Tie, Soila Sariola
Lunta (Teemu Brunila), Ahti Paunu
Älä Mene Pois (Mia Makaroff), Essi Wuorela
Kertosäkeen Nainen (Ufo Mustonen), Jussi Chydenius
Venelaulu (Markku Reinikainen), Soila Sariola
Sydän Ei Vastaa (Jarkko Kuoppamäki), Hannu Lepola
Jos Sanot (Timo Kiiskinen), Essi Wuorela
Nälkäiset Linnut (music by Jussi Chydenius, words by Heikki Salo), Essi Wuorela and Hannu Lepola
Kauniimpaa (music by Teemu Brunila and Hannu Korkeamäki, words by Teemu Brunila), Virpi Moskari
Katosimme Kauneuteen (Kalle Chydenius), Hannu Lepola
Hopeaa Hiuksillaan (Tommi Lattunen), Essi Wuorela
Other Rajaton Albums
Nova
Boundless
Sanat
Joulu
Out of Bounds
External links
official Rajaton website
Rajaton - Kevät at Last.fm
Rajaton albums |
5385228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin%20Reed%20%28Days%20of%20Our%20Lives%29 | Austin Reed (Days of Our Lives) | Austin Reed is a fictional character from the soap opera Days of Our Lives. The role was played by actor Patrick Muldoon from 1992 to 1995, and again from 2011 to 2012. The character was played for a longer duration by actor Austin Peck, from 1995 to 2002, from 2005 to 2006, and again in 2017 and 2019. According to his storyline on the series, Austin Reed's birth name is unknown. His father, Curtis, took the children (Austin and his sister Billie) and changed their names to prevent their mother Kate Roberts from finding them. All that is known is that his original surname was Brown.
Muldoon's return in 2011 was short-lived. In April 2012, it was announced that Muldoon, along with
Clark and several other actors, had been let go from the series. Muldoon tweeted: "#DAYS been great 2 us. It will always be home. We all feel sick". On September 15, 2016, it was announced that Peck would reprise his portrayal as Austin, alongside Christie Clark's Carrie. The couple returned on January 11, 2017 as Carrie (a lawyer) came to assist her mother Anna. After accomplishing this, Peck and Clark departed on February 16, 2017. Peck later reprised the role in two spinoffs in 2019 and 2021.
Character's background
In July 1992 an aspiring boxer named Austin Reed came to Salem, and his troubled sister Billie Reed followed weeks later. He was instantly smitten with Carrie Brady. Carrie gave Billie a place to stay, which led to the two of them spending a lot of time together. Carrie and Austin were doing great until Sami came to town in January 1993 and Austin didn't throw a fight, which drew the ire of a lot of bad people. Due to this, acid was thrown on Carrie's face, scarring her. Carrie went through reconstructive surgery, while Austin dealt with the murder of his father, Curtis. Billie was the prime suspect. At the trial, both Billie and Austin learned that Kate Roberts was their biological mother – making Lucas Roberts their half-brother. Meanwhile, Carrie's half-sister Sami Brady was obsessed with Austin and plotting any way she could to get him.
After Alan and Sami's relationship came to an end, and Carrie and Austin broke up, Sami went so far as to drug and rape Austin, making him believe she was Carrie in January 1995. The following morning, Austin was horrified to awaken and find Sami in his bed. Austin rejected Sami and she fled Salem. Carrie and Austin attempted to find Sami, traveling to Los Angeles, where they reunited. Carrie and Austin managed to survive all the drama and returned to Salem. Austin soon proposed and Carrie and Austin planned their wedding. Sami ruined their happiness by announcing that she was pregnant with Austin's child, who was later named Will, in July 1995. Austin decided the right thing would be to stay with Sami and try to make a go of it, even though his heart would always be with Carrie. In June 1996, Kate and Jamie Caldwell (Sami's BFF) exposed that Sami drugged Austin and he and Carrie reunited.
In August 1996, Will was abducted by a neighbor of Sami's and whisked off to France. Sami was able to get Austin to marry her in order to bring Will home in September 1996. The marriage was annulled shortly afterwards. In December 1996, Sami was in a dangerous car accident on News Year's Eve. Austin blamed himself as he had told Sami he hated her shortly beforehand. The accident rendered Sami with no memory of the previous 3 years. As Austin took care of Sami, he decided it would be best for her and Will if they would remarry. Over the course of time, Sami regained her memory as well as learned—due to seeing medical records—that Wil wasn't Austin's son, and a told only Lucas. The wedding was set to take place in September 1997. However, the wedding ceremony was interrupted by Carrie, who exposed the truths that Lucas was Will's actual father and that Sami had been faking amnesia. Austin, heartbroken, left Sami at the altar and married Carrie that same day. Sami left Salem for a while, but unfortunately Carrie and Austin's married bliss didn't last long. Sami returned months later, fought for custody of Will, and fell in love and became engaged to Franco Kelly. In September 1998, Franco was murdered by Lucas Roberts, and wanting revenge on Sami, Kate covered up the murder and made it look like Sami committed the murder. Austin fled town with Sami to help her, but Sami was caught, tried and set to be executed for the murder. At the last moment, the truth came out. Because Austin had spent so much time with Sami in a misguided attempt to help her, Carrie felt their relationship was falling apart. Mike Horton stepped in to fill the void as he was attracted to Carrie, and eventually Carrie and Austin broke up. Carrie moved to Israel with Mike on November 19, 1999. Austin then rekindles his romance with Sami later that same year, and despite a brief fling with Greta and Nicole, Austin and Sami remain on and off before becoming engaged in the spring of 2002. However, Sami blackmails Victor into transferring Austin's job to Hawaii to escape Lucas and when Austin finds out, he leaves Sami at the altar and leaves Salem.
In 2005, Austin returned to Salem for his half-brother Lucas and Sami's next attempt at tying the knot. The wedding didn't happen and Austin was there for Sami when no one else was. With no place to stay in Salem, Austin moved in with Sami. They formed a company along with Nicole called Austin Reed and Company, or ARC. The company took over High Style, a company that was run by Carrie. Austin did not know Carrie was back in the United States and did not know High Style was her company. Lucas found out the company Austin was taking over was indeed Carrie's but did not tell Austin. Lucas knew that once Carrie and Austin saw each other, they would get back together. Lucas had fallen for Carrie and wanted her to himself for several years, and knew Carrie would not get back with Austin if Austin took over her company, so he allowed it to happen. Carrie was furious with Austin for taking over her company, and Lucas stepped in to comfort her; they began a relationship. Sami and Lucas deviously worked together to help Lucas further his relationship with Carrie. Sami's motive was to make sure Carrie was not available romantically for Austin, as Sami wanted Austin for herself. Eventually Carrie and Lucas married, and Austin and Sami were a couple and were planning yet another wedding.
To ensure that Carrie would no longer want to be with Austin, Sami was also able to blackmail Dr. Lexie Carver after finding out about Lexie's affair with young detective Tek Kramer. Lexie thought up of a bogus story to tell Carrie, which was that Austin and Carrie shared rare genetic markers and if they ever had children, the child would suffer extreme birth defects that could result in death.
Carrie then moved on romantically with Lucas, and even became engaged. She soon believed she was pregnant due to an inaccurate pregnancy test, causing her and Lucas to rush their wedding date. When Carrie found out there was no baby, and had a "hysterical pregnancy", she was distraught and cheated on Lucas with Austin (who was still engaged to Sami) on the roof of their apartment building.
Carrie was extremely relieved when Austin did not marry Sami. Prior to the ceremony she had expressed to Marlena that she was still in love with Austin, and admitted to loving Lucas but not being in love with him. After secretly meeting with Austin to make love and comfort one another, Lucas and Sami came to the roof and caught them. After a bitter tirade on Sami and Lucas' part, Carrie was kicked out of their apartment. Soon after, Carrie handed Lucas annulment papers and Lucas was more than willing to sign them in order to immediately get Carrie out of his life. However, minutes later, the Gloved Hand slid a note under Sami's apartment door and Lucas, Carrie and Austin discovered the truth behind Sami's blackmailing of Lexie. After Sami finally admitted the truth about her misdeeds, a furious Carrie attacked her. The two sisters fought and Carrie swore she would make public what Sami had done to Lexie.
Later, Carrie ran into Lexie and revealed to her that she knew the truth behind Sami's blackmail. Although Lexie tried to plea her case, Carrie didn't care and promised to get even with Lexie by reporting her to the hospital board and the AMA. After showing up with Dr. Finch to keep her promise, Lexie was immediately fired and Carrie felt that her stay in Salem was nearly complete. During dinner, Austin suggested that they move to Switzerland, where he can work at the Mythic Communications division there and Carrie can reclaim Highstyle. Carrie agreed on one condition—that they get married first. The two immediately went to the Justice of the Peace with their signed marriage licenses and got married (but not before being briefly interrupted by a drunk Sami and Carrie disowning her). After saying their goodbyes to John, Kate, Marlena and Roman, Austin and Carrie took a plane and left Salem.
In June 2010, Carrie also briefly returned to town and told Sami that she and Austin were happy and trying to start a family.
On September 26, 2011, Austin and Carrie returned to Salem. It was revealed that Austin had become a forensic accountant after Mythic Communications had been forced to close down.
In October 2015, Austin couldn't attend his nephew Will's funeral.
References
External links
Austin at soapcentral.com
Days of Our Lives characters
Television characters introduced in 1992
Fictional musicians
Fictional boxers
Fictional professors
Fictional accountants
Male characters in television
fi:Luettelo televisiosarjan Päivien viemää henkilöistä#Austin Reed |
5385232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Huxley | Martin Huxley | Martin Neil Huxley (born in 1944) is a British mathematician, working in the field of analytic number theory.
He was awarded a PhD from the University of Cambridge in 1970, the year after his supervisor Harold Davenport had died. He is a professor at Cardiff University.
Huxley proved a result on gaps between prime numbers, namely that if pn denotes the n-th prime number and if θ > 7/12, then
for all sufficiently large n.
Huxley also improved the known bound on the Dirichlet divisor problem.
References
External links
Living people
21st-century British mathematicians
20th-century British mathematicians
Number theorists
Academics of Cardiff University
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
1944 births |
5385273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%20Greek%20legislative%20election | 1985 Greek legislative election | Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 2 June 1985. The ruling Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) of Andreas Papandreou, was re-elected, defeating the conservative New Democracy party of Constantine Mitsotakis (Mitsotakis succeeded Evangelos Averoff as ND leader in 1984).
Results
References
Parliamentary elections in Greece
Greece
Legislative
1980s in Greek politics
Greece |
5385283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercica | Tercica | Tercica, Inc., was a biopharmaceutical company based in Brisbane, California, United States. It developed Increlex (mecasermin [rDNA origin] injection), also known as recombinant human Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (rhIGF-1). Tercica applied to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for approval of Increlex as a long-term therapy for growth failure in children with severe primary IGF-1 deficiency (Primary IGFD), which is characterized by growth failure, and as a treatment for children with growth hormone (GH) gene deletion who have developed neutralizing antibodies to growth hormone.
Tercica licensed rights to develop, manufacture, and market Increlex from Genentech, Inc. Increlex conducted Phase III clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Increlex in children with Primary IGFD.
In 2007, a case between Insmed and Tercica was settled when the jury found that Insmed infringed patents licensed to Tercica for Increlex. In the settlement, Insmed agreed to stop selling Iplex in the United States as a treatment for growth deficiencies and to withdraw an application to have the drug approved for such use in Europe.
In 2008, the Ipsen Group acquired Tercica and changed its name to Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.
See also
Human growth hormone (HGH)
IGF-1
References
External links
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals website
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Biotechnology companies of the United States
Companies based in San Mateo County, California
Brisbane, California |
5385291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Before%20the%20Fact | Before the Fact | Before the Fact (1932) is an English novel by Anthony Berkeley Cox writing under the pen name "Francis Iles". It tells the story of a woman marrying a man who is after her inherited money and prepared, it seems, to kill her for it. Whether he does succeed in the end, or whether she has been imagining his plots, is left unclear. Together with the previous Iles book Malice Aforethought (1931), it can be placed in the category of psychological suspense novel. Elements of the story were used for the 1941 American film Suspicion, directed by Alfred Hitchcock.
Plot
At age 28, plain and bookish Lina McLaidlaw lives a life of boredom with her retired parents in an English village. Her prettier sister has married a rising writer, but Lina never meets any men she could accept until the arrival of charming Johnnie Aysgarth, from an impoverished and disreputable family. Her father is opposed to a marriage, and everyone seems to know that all Johnnie is after is Lina's money.
However they are soon married, enjoy a long and expensive honeymoon abroad, and return to a large country house that Johnny has acquired and extravagantly furnished. When Lina wonders how the jobless Johnnie has met all this outlay, and what he expects to live on, he eventually admits that he borrowed everything. Gradually the more level-headed Lina takes charge of the family finances, relying on an allowance from her father, and pushes Johnnie into finding a job. He gains a good post nearby, managing the country estate of a distant relation, while she looks after their house. She would like a baby, but never falls pregnant.
After the first shock of discovering Johnnie's huge debt, and the fact that he lied, other shocks keep arriving. She discovers that he is a practised thief, stealing jewelry from a guest and from her to sell. Her inherited furniture also starts disappearing, until she tracks some of it to an antique shop. He is a forger, putting her signature on cheques. Worse, he is sacked from his job for embezzling money.
Most of his takings are placed on horses, for he is an unrepentant gambler, while some are used for another pastime. Any number of local wives and daughters have had affairs with him, for which he rents a flat in a nearby town, and one of their servants has a son by him. When all this comes into the open, the childless Lina at last leaves to stay with her sister in London. There she is introduced at a party to an affectionate unmarried artist, who wants her to get a divorce and marry him. But Lina refuses to sleep with him, instead returning to her purgatory with Johnnie.
Johnnie meanwhile has been plotting new ways of raising money. Going with Lina to her parents for Christmas, after dinner he gets her father to perform a trick which is too much for the old man's weak heart. His death means that Lina comes into her inheritance and Johnnie thus has access to improved means. Later, he cons an old school friend into backing a property development and, taking his gullible partner to Paris, on a visit to a brothel pours so much brandy into him that the man dies. The money he had invested remains in Johnnie's hands.
In Johnnie's view, neither of these events counts as murder. His big project will be to murder Lina, collect her money and insurance, and not be detected. In this he is aided by Isobel Sedbusk, a writer of crime stories, who often visits their village and enjoys discussing foolproof ways of getting rid of people. She tells Johnnie that there is a common chemical which is tasteless if mixed in milk, kills instantly, and leaves no trace in the body.
Lina is driven increasingly desperate by Johnnie's interest in murder, accentuated by discovering that after years of marriage she seems to be pregnant. When she falls ill with flu, Johnnie mounts the stairs with a glass of milk which she deliberately drinks.
About the story
The novel covers a period of approximately ten years: Johnnie Aysgarth's courtship of, and marriage to, Lina McLaidlaw, the disintegration of their marriage, and her imminent death – although it is uncertain if she really dies (Isobel Sedbusk's alleged deadly chemical is never named, and maybe does not exist.) The story is told almost wholly from Lina's point of view, so readers follow what she does and learn what she thinks. On the other hand, little is revealed of what Johnnie is up to, except for what Lina sees and gathers.
Adaptations
The novel was adapted to film as Suspicion (1941), directed by Alfred Hitchcock. However, the inverted detective story format was eliminated, making Johnnie's murderous indiscretions merely a product of Lina's imagination. According to William L. De Andrea in Encyclopedia Mysteriosa (1994), this was because the studio, RKO Radio Pictures, was uncomfortable with the idea of having one of Hollywood's leading actors Cary Grant, who played Johnnie, being shown on screen as a devious psychopath.
Hitchcock was quoted as saying that he was forced to alter the ending of the movie. He wanted an ending similar to the climax of the novel, but the studio, more concerned with Cary Grant's "heroic" image, insisted that it be changed. Writer Donald Spoto, in his biography of Hitchcock The Dark Side of Genius, disputes Hitchcock's claim to have been over-ruled on the film's ending. Spoto claims that the first RKO treatment and memos between Hitchcock and the studio show that Hitchcock emphatically desired to make a film about a woman's fantasy life.
A 1988 American Playhouse remake stars Anthony Andrews and Jane Curtin.
References
1932 British novels
Novels by Anthony Berkeley
Novels set in Dorset
British crime novels
Victor Gollancz Ltd books
British novels adapted into films
Works published under a pseudonym |
5385298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis%20Reed%20%28Days%20of%20Our%20Lives%29 | Curtis Reed (Days of Our Lives) | Curtis Reed is a fictional character from the soap opera, Days of Our Lives. He is portrayed by Nick Benedict.
Biography
Born Curtis Brown marries Kate Roberts in 1969 while living in Chicago. They have a son and daughter: Austin and Billie Reed. As a jazz musician, Curtis made several records, but his career is cut short when he became involved with the Mafia and has part of his ring finger cut off. Afterward, he becomes addicted to drugs and abusive toward his family, at one point raping his daughter. Kate begins having an affair with Bill Horton in 1979 (later revised to 1974). When she gets pregnant by him, Curtis finds out, beats her, and leaves her on the side of a road. He takes the two children before disappearing.
Curtis changes his last name and his children's names; their birth names have never been revealed, but Curtis renamed them Austin and Billie Holiday Reed. Curtis and the kids go from city to city, often changing names due to his criminal activities. While Kate is searching for her children, Curtis contacts her and tells her that their children had died in a car wreck. Years later he appears in Salem and shoots John Black under Stefano DiMera's orders. Since Curtis did not kill John, DiMera refuses to pay him. An angry Curtis kidnaps Stefano and holds him on Smith Island until Kristen Blake pays Stefano's ransom.
Curtis is shot to death by Stefano on November 10, 1993, in a back alley behind Billie's apartment. He is discovered in the morning by Bo Brady and Wendy Reardon. Due to multiple seemingly conclusive pieces of evidence, Billie is arrested for his murder. It is not until the March 31, 1994 episode that Stefano is revealed to be the shooter. After this, he appeared as a ghost multiple times between May 2, 1995, and June 5, 2001.
References
External links
Curtis at soapcentral.com
Days of Our Lives characters
Fictional characters from Illinois
Fictional musicians
Fictional gangsters
Fictional pedophiles
Fictional rapists
Television characters introduced in 1993
Fictional kidnappers
Male characters in television |
5385307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shulamit%20Aloni | Shulamit Aloni | Shulamit Aloni (; 29 December 1928 – 24 January 2014) was an Israeli politician. She founded the Ratz party, was leader of the Meretz party, Leader of the Opposition from 1988 to 1990, and served as Minister of Education from 1992 to 1993. In 2000, she won the Israel Prize.
Biography
Early life
Shulamit Adler was born in Tel Aviv. Her mother was a seamstress and her father was a carpenter, both descended from Polish rabbinical families. The family migrated to Mandatory Palestine when she was a child, and Aloni grew up in Tel Aviv. She was sent to boarding school during World War II while her parents served in the British Army. As a youth she was a member of the socialist Zionist Hashomer Hatzair youth movement and the Palmach. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, she was involved in military struggles for the Old City of Jerusalem and was captured by Jordanian forces. Following the establishment of the state of Israel, she worked with child refugees and helped establish a school for immigrant children. She taught in a school while studying law. After her marriage in 1952 to Reuven Aloni, the founder of Israel Lands Administration, she moved to Kfar Shmaryahu.
Aloni joined Mapai in 1959. She also worked as an attorney and hosted a radio show Outside Working Hours that dealt with human rights and women's rights. She also wrote columns for several newspapers.
Political career
In 1965, Aloni was elected to the Knesset on the list of the Alignment, an alliance of Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda, and subsequently founded the Israel Consumers Council, which she chaired for four years. She left the Alignment in 1973 and established the Citizens Rights Movement, which became known as Ratz. The party advocated electoral reform, separation of religion and state and human rights and won three seats in the 1973 Knesset elections. Ratz initially joined the Alignment-led government with Aloni as Minister without Portfolio but she resigned immediately in protest at the appointment of Yitzhak Rafael as Minister of Religions. Ratz briefly became Ya'ad – Civil Rights Movement when independent MK Aryeh Eliav joined the party, but returned to its original status soon after.
Throughout the 1970s Aloni attempted to create a dialogue with Palestinians in hopes of achieving a lasting peace settlement. During the 1982 Lebanon War she established the International Center for Peace in the Middle East. In the run-up to the 1984 elections, Ratz aligned with Peace Now and the Left Camp of Israel to increase its size in the Knesset to five seats. In 1992, she led Ratz into an alliance with Shinui and Mapam to form the new Meretz party, which won 12 seats under her leadership in the elections that year. Aloni became Minister of Education under Yitzhak Rabin but was forced to resign after a year due to her outspoken statements on matters of religion. As Education Minister, she also criticized organized tours by Israeli high school pupils to Holocaust concentration camps on grounds that such visits were turning Israeli youth into aggressive, nationalistic xenophobes, claiming that students "march with unfurled flags, as if they've come to conquer Poland". She was reappointed Minister of Communications and Science and Culture.
After the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993, Aloni expressed her sentiments that the agreements were a positive turning point on an historic scale: "I feel like on the 29th of November [the date of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine]; we did not know then what we were heading for, but we knew we were heading for great days."
After the massacre of 29 Muslims in Hebron, West Bank on February 25, 1994, perpetrated by Baruch Goldstein, Aloni called for the expulsion of Jewish settlers from Hebron.
After the 1996 Knesset election, in which Meretz lost three of its seats, Aloni was ousted from Meretz leadership, with Yossi Sarid being elected to succeed her as leader of Meretz. She then retired from politics.
Last years
In a 2002 interview with American journalist Amy Goodman, Aloni said that charges of antisemitism are "a trick we use" to suppress criticism of Israel coming from within the United States, while for criticism coming from Europe "we bring up the Holocaust."
Aloni was a board member of Yesh Din, an organisation founded in 2005 which focuses on human rights in the occupied Palestinian territories.
Personal life
With her husband, Reuven Aloni, she had three sons:
Dror Aloni – later mayor of Kfar Shmaryahu and head of Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium
Nimrod Aloni – an education philosopher
Udi Aloni – a film director, writer and artist
Reuven Aloni died in 1988.
Shulamit Aloni Prize
In 2018, the Shulamit Aloni Prize was established. The prize is awarded by the Shulamit Aloni Foundation, a non-profit organization created by a group of Aloni's family members and leading media and cultural professionals for this purpose. The prize, which bears a monetary award, is bestowed to its recipients each year in the Jaffa Theater (aka The Arab-Hebrew Theater), to creators of cultural works (theater, film, poetry and prose) in both Hebrew and Arabic whose work promotes human rights. Inaugural prize recipients included Rana Abu Fraihah (Arabic Culture Prize), Renana Raz (Hebrew Culture Prize) and Sami Michael (Lifetime Achievement Prize). Additional prize recipients include Ayat Abou Shmeiss for Arabic Culture, and Achinoam Nini for Lifetime Achievement.
Awards and recognition
In 1994, received an honorary PhD in Humanities from Hebrew Union College.
In 1994, received an honorary PhD of Law from Kon-Kuk University.
In 1998, Aloni received a special lifetime award of the Emil Grunzweig Human Rights Award by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel.
In 1999, received an honorary PhD of Philosophy from the Weitzman Institute of Science.
In 2000, she received the Israel Prize, for her lifetime achievements and special contribution to society and the State of Israel.
Published works
The Citizen and His Country, 1958
Children's Rights in Israel,1964 (Hebrew)
The Arrangement - From a State of Law to a State of Religion, on Relations Between State and Religion, 1970 (Hebrew)
Women as Human Beings, 1976 (Hebrew)
"Up the down escalator" in Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology, ed. Robin Morgan, 1984.
Democracy in Shackles (Demokratia be'azikim), Am Oved
Israel: Democracy or Ethnocracy? published in 2008
See also
List of Israel Prize recipients
References
External links
1928 births
2014 deaths
20th-century Israeli lawyers
20th-century Israeli military personnel
20th-century Israeli women politicians
Alignment (Israel) politicians
Asian democratic socialists
Hashomer Hatzair members
Israel Prize for lifetime achievement & special contribution to society recipients
Israel Prize women recipients
Israeli activists
Israeli female military personnel
Israeli Jews
Israeli Labor Party politicians
Israeli people of Polish-Jewish descent
Israeli prisoners of war
Israeli schoolteachers
Israeli women activists
Israeli women lawyers
Israeli women's rights activists
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish military personnel
Jewish socialists
Jewish women politicians
Leaders of the Opposition (Israel)
Members of the 6th Knesset (1965–1969)
Members of the 8th Knesset (1974–1977)
Members of the 9th Knesset (1977–1981)
Members of the 10th Knesset (1981–1984)
Members of the 11th Knesset (1984–1988)
Members of the 12th Knesset (1988–1992)
Members of the 13th Knesset (1992–1996)
Meretz leaders
Ministers of Communications of Israel
Ministers of Culture of Israel
Ministers of Education of Israel
Palmach members
Politicians from Tel Aviv
Ratz (political party) politicians
Women government ministers of Israel
Women members of the Knesset
Ya'ad – Civil Rights Movement politicians
Zionists |
5385325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leila%20%281997%20film%29 | Leila (1997 film) | Leila (, also Romanized as Leyla, Leilā, and Leylā) is a 1997 Iranian film directed by Dariush Mehrjui.
Plot
Leila and Reza are a modern Iranian couple, content with their recent marriage. However, Leila learns that she is unable to conceive. Reza's mother insists that he, as the only son, must have children ("everything goes to the son"), despite Reza's insistence that he does not want children, and suggests that he get a second wife. He adamantly refuses the idea; his mother champions it. Leila gets caught between the two worlds; elated at spending time with Reza one moment and torn apart by his nagging mother the next.
References
External links
Leila at Allmovie
1997 films
Iranian drama films
1997 drama films
1990s Persian-language films
Polygamy in fiction
Films directed by Dariush Mehrjui
Films set in Iran |
5385342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Talented%20Mr.%20Ripley | The Talented Mr. Ripley | The Talented Mr. Ripley is a 1955 psychological thriller novel by Patricia Highsmith. This novel introduced the character of Tom Ripley, who returns in four subsequent novels. It has been adapted numerous times for film, including the 1999 film of the same name.
Plot
Tom Ripley is a young man struggling to make a living in New York City by whatever means necessary, including a series of small-time confidence scams. One day, he is approached by shipping magnate Herbert Greenleaf to travel to "Mongibello" (based on the resort town Positano), in Italy, to persuade Greenleaf's errant son, Dickie, to return to the United States and join the family business. Ripley agrees, exaggerating his friendship with Dickie, a half-remembered acquaintance, in order to gain the elder Greenleaf's trust.
Shortly after his arrival in Italy, Ripley meets Dickie and Dickie's girlfriend Marge Sherwood, and Dickie allows Tom Ripley to stay with him in his Italian home. As Ripley and Dickie spend more time together, Marge feels left out. However, soon after Ripley arrives, Freddie Miles, a school friend of Dickie's, visits Dickie's summer home. Tom begins to grow jealous of Freddie, and grows closer to Marge over their shared anguish in Dickie's shifting loyalty.
Dickie becomes upset when he unexpectedly finds Ripley in his bedroom dressed up in his clothes and imitating his mannerisms. From this moment on, Ripley senses that Dickie has begun to tire of him, resenting his constant presence and growing personal dependence. Ripley has indeed become obsessed with Dickie, which is further reinforced by his desire to imitate and maintain the wealthy lifestyle Dickie has afforded him. As a gesture to Ripley, Dickie agrees to travel with him on a short holiday to San Remo. Sensing that he is about to cut him loose, Ripley finally decides to murder Dickie and assume his identity. When the two set sail in a small rented boat, Ripley beats him to death with an oar, dumps his anchor-weighted body into the water, and scuttles the boat.
Ripley assumes Dickie's identity, living off the latter's trust fund and carefully providing communications to Marge to assure her that Dickie has dumped her. Ripley forges checks and changes his appearance to better resemble Dickie in order to continue the lavish lifestyle he has enjoyed. Freddie Miles encounters Ripley at what he supposes to be Dickie's apartment in Rome; he soon suspects something is wrong. When Miles finally confronts him, Ripley kills him with a heavy glass ashtray in the apartment. He later disposes of the body on the outskirts of Rome, attempting to make the police believe that robbers have murdered Miles.
Ripley enters a cat-and-mouse game with the Italian police but manages to keep himself safe by restoring his own identity and moving to Venice. In succession, Marge, Dickie's father, and an American private detective confront Ripley, who suggests to them that Dickie was depressed and may have committed suicide. Marge stays for a while at Ripley's rented house in Venice. When she discovers Dickie's rings in Ripley's possession, she seems to be on the verge of realizing the truth. Panicked, Ripley contemplates murdering Marge, but she is saved when she says that if Dickie gave his rings to Ripley, then he probably meant to kill himself.
The story concludes with Ripley traveling to Greece and resigning himself to eventually getting caught. However, he discovers that the Greenleaf family has accepted that Dickie is dead and that they have transferred his inheritance to Ripley – in accordance with a will forged by Ripley on Dickie's Hermes typewriter. While the book ends with Ripley happily rich, it also suggests that he may forever be dogged by paranoia. In one of the final paragraphs, he nervously envisions a group of police officers waiting to arrest him, and Highsmith leaves her protagonist wondering, "...was he going to see policemen waiting for him on every pier that he ever approached?" Ripley however quickly dismisses this and proceeds with his trip.
Reception
In 1956, the Mystery Writers of America nominated the novel for the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best novel. In 1957, the novel won the Grand Prix de Littérature Policière as best international crime novel.
On 5 November 2019, the BBC News listed The Talented Mr. Ripley on its list of the 100 most inspiring novels.
Adaptations
Television
The novel was first adapted for a January 1956 episode of the anthology television series Studio One.
Ripley, a series for Showtime starring Andrew Scott as Tom Ripley, was announced in September 2019. An eight-episode first season was commissioned by Showtime, to be written and directed by Steven Zaillian, who pitched the series to the network.
Film
Plein Soleil (originally), also known as Purple Noon (1960), directed by René Clément, stars Alain Delon as Ripley and Maurice Ronet as Greenleaf.
The 1999 film version, directed by Anthony Minghella, stars Matt Damon as Ripley, Jude Law as Dickie and Gwyneth Paltrow as Marge.
The 2012 Indian Tamil-language adaptation Naan is based on both the novel and its 1999 adaptation.
Radio
The 2009 BBC Radio 4 adaptation of the Ripley novels stars Ian Hart as Ripley, Stephen Hogan as Dickie, and Barbara Barnes as Marge.
Audiobook
In 2007, an unabridged audiobook was published, narrated by David Menkin.
Theatre
In 2010, the novel was adapted into a stage production at Northampton's Royal Theatre starring Michelle Ryan.
Footnotes
External links
1955 American novels
American novels adapted into films
American novels adapted into plays
American thriller novels
Grand Prix de Littérature Policière winners
Novels about serial killers
American novels adapted into television shows
Novels by Patricia Highsmith
Novels set in Greece
Novels set in New York City
Novels set in Rome
Novels set in Venice
Novels with gay themes
Psychological novels
Coward-McCann books |
5385346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishaqi | Ishaqi | Ishaqi (also known as "Al Ishaqi") () is a small town in the Balad District of the Saladin Governorate of Iraq, about 60 miles north of Baghdad.
War crimes
1st 2006 incident
In March 2006 Iraqi police reported that American troops had executed 11 people in Ishaqi after capturing them in a raid, including a 75-year-old woman and a 6-month-old baby. New footage of the event's aftermath was released in June 2006, sparking an investigation of the event. The US forces were later cleared of wrongdoing by a US military probe, sparking protests from the Iraqi government, who vowed to continue their own investigation.
2nd 2006 incident
In December 2006 the US military conducted an air raid on Ishaqi. U.S.-led coalition forces said they were looking through several buildings near Lake Tharthar in the province of Salahuddin when Al-Qaeda-linked militants launched an attack. The U.S. military then said coalition troops returned fire, killing two of the insurgents. As the firefight continued, troops called in the air strikes. The U.S. military said 20 Al-Qaeda insurgents, including two women, were killed in the raid.
Local officials in Jalameda claimed there were actually 17 victims and that they included five men, six women, and five children. Locals of the area claiming to be relatives showed the children's bodies to journalists. Al Jazeera claimed to have exclusive footage that confirms children were among the victims of the US air raid.
Iraqi reaction included mourners firing into the air overnight as they buried the victims of the raid. Hundreds of chanting residents of Jalameda marched through Ishaqi overnight firing shots and carrying banners that read: "The people of Ishaqi condemn the mass killing by the occupation forces". Adnan al-Dulaimi, head of the biggest Sunni political bloc in parliament, said, "We ask the Americans to be merciful. They kill civilians alleging they are terrorists. Ishaqi is a catastrophe."
The Agence France Presse news agency passed its own photographs of the dead children to Lieutenant Colonel Christopher Garver, a US military spokesman, asking for an explanation on the latest allegations. Garver replied, "We've checked with the troops who conducted this operation - there were no children found among the terrorists killed." Garver continued, "I see nothing in the photos that indicates those children were in the houses that our forces received fire from and subsequently destroyed with the air strike."
References
See also
Haditha
Populated places in Saladin Governorate |
5385349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoplastic-sheathed%20cable | Thermoplastic-sheathed cable | A thermoplastic-sheathed cable (TPS) consists of a toughened outer sheath of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) thermoplastic, covering one or more individual annealed copper conductors, themselves insulated with PVC. This type of wiring is commonly used for residential and light commercial construction in many countries. The flat version of the cable, with two insulated conductors and an uninsulated earth conductor (all within the outer sheath), is referred to as twin and earth. In mainland Europe, a round equivalent is more common.
Description
Each of the current carrying conductors in the "core" is insulated by an individual thermoplastic sheath, coloured to indicate the purpose of the conductor concerned. The protective earth conductor may also be covered with green/yellow (or green only) insulation, although, in some countries, this conductor may be left as bare copper. With cables where the current-carrying conductors are of a large cross sectional area (CSA), the protective earth conductor may be smaller, with a lower continuous current carrying capacity. The conductors used may be solid in cross section or multi-stranded.
The type of thermoplastic, the dimensions of the conductors and the colour of their individual insulation (if any) are specified by the regulatory bodies in the various countries concerned.
Thermoplastic-sheathed cable is more vulnerable to rodent damage and accidental mechanical damage than wiring within electrical conduit or armoured cable.
North America
In North America, this type of cable is designated as NM cable. NM means "nonmetallic", referring to the outer sheathing; the conductors are still metallic. NM was first listed and described in the NEC in 1926, but it was invented a few years earlier by the Rome Wire Company in 1922 in Rome, New York, and marketed under the trade name "Romex". Today, the name "Romex" is a trademarked brand of the Southwire Company.
In modern products, the color of the NM cable sheath (or jacket) indicates either the gauge of the current carrying conductors within it, or special properties of the sheathing itself. Cables found in older installations may not conform with this colour coding.
The following are nominal current ratings for copper conductors; long runs may require thicker wires to minimize voltage drop.
White: 14 AWG wire (1.6 mm2) for 15-amp circuits.
Yellow: 12 AWG wire (2.08 mm2) for 20-amp circuits.
Orange: 10 AWG wire (2.6 mm2) for 30-amp circuits.
Black: 6 or 8 AWG wire (13.3 mm2 or 8.37 mm2) for 60- and 45-amp circuits, respectively.
Grey: usage for underground installations, designated as "underground feeder" (UF) cables.
The outer jacket is labeled with letters that show how many insulated wires are concealed within the sheath. This does not include the uninsulated ground wire. For instance, if the cable lists "12-2 AWG", it means there are two insulated 12-gauge wires (a black and a white wire), plus a ground wire. If the label says "12-3", this is a three-conductor, 12-gauge cable with a bare copper ground wire understood to be included.
Different types of cables are approved for different applications; the cable used for interior wiring in dry locations is different from the types approved for underground burial, direct embedment in concrete, or service entrance use.
Australia and New Zealand
In Australia and New Zealand, the colour of the external sheath is usually white for flat TPS or black for circular TPS but several other colours are available. Wire sizes of 1–6 mm2 cross-sectional area (CSA) are available with the outer sheath covering the cores. TPS cable is available in several conductor configurations: single, twin, twin and earth, three and earth, and four and earth, the latter two for three-phase supply. Although available in the larger sizes, solid conductors are rarely used with wire sizes greater than 1 mm2 CSA, since the small increase in manufacturing cost of stranded conductors is far outweighed by the relative ease of working with them, especially at the points of termination.
Unlike in North America, the existence of the earth wire within the sheath is always specified if it is present (e.g. twin cable has two conductors and twin and earth cable has three.) The earth conductor is always stranded (unlike North American usage), with the exception of 1 mm2 cables, and covered with green-yellow striped plastic insulation. In older cables the plastic insulation of the earth conductor is green.
Prior to the introduction of TPS cable, tough rubber sheathed (TRS) cable was used. Because of this, TPS is sometimes referred to as "tough plastic sheathed".
Flat TPS is more common than circular, and is used for fixed wiring of domestic and industrial lighting, power outlets, appliances, and HVAC units. Circular TPS is common in industrial and commercial installations but generally not in domestic installations. It may be more difficult to strip the outer sheathing from circular TPS than from flat TPS.
United Kingdom
In the UK, thermoplastic-sheathed cable in twin and earth (or T and E) format has the circuit protective conductor (CPC or Cearth) uninsulated (bare) and of reduced diameter compared to the main cores. Green and yellow sleeving is sold separately, to be applied at the ends.
The cross section on the main conductors is given first, and then the cross-section of the CPC.
Standard UK metric twin and earth cable sizes
1/1 mm2 and 1.5/1 mm2 have solid conductors and CPC (primarily used on low power lighting or alarm circuits)
2.5/1.5mm2 has a solid CPC and may have solid or stranded conductors (primarily used for socket circuits, radial or ring circuit)
4/1.5 mm2 and 6/2.5 mm2 have stranded conductors and a solid CPC (fixed high power equipment or sub-mains)
10/4 mm2 and 16/6 mm2 have stranded conductors and CPC (fixed high power equipment or sub-mains)
In older properties (pre-1970) cable with imperial sizes are found, sometimes without CPC.
Mainland UK wiring regulations do not at present (BS 7671:AMD3) acknowledge twin and earth or flat TPS with a full sized and insulated (G/Y) earth conductor as a valid cable type, which may be awkward for contractors who work cross-border with the Republic of Ireland.
Also available in smaller conductor sizes are versions containing three current-carrying conductors and a circuit protective (earth) conductor. These configurations are commonly used for applications such as switched light circuits, battery-backed emergency lighting which requires a switched and unswitched supply, extractor fans with a run-on timer which require a switched and unswitched supply, mains-powered interlinked smoke alarms, and central heating thermostats.
There is an overall sheath of grey PVC (BS 6004), or white for low smoke compound (BS 7211), although prior to 2005 white PVC was also available.
Republic of Ireland
In the Republic of Ireland the situation is different from that in the UK. Prior to 2013 IS 201-4:2001 ( I.S. 201 part 4: PVC and Low Smoke Halogen Free Sheathed cables for fixed wiring) permitted both the UK style of twin and earth, and also a version with a CPC with a cross-section equal to that of the main conductors and insulated in green and yellow inside the full length of the cable.
However, from 2013, the option for the uninsulated and reduced CPC has been removed from the standard IS 201-4:2013, and as such is no longer permitted in new installations in the Republic of Ireland.
See also
Tough rubber-sheathed cable
Electrical wiring
Electrical wiring in North America
References
Power cables |
5385367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosta | Kosta | Kosta may refer to:
Kosta, Estonia, a village in Vihula Parish, Lääne-Viru County, Estonia
Kosta, Greece a community in Greece
Kosta, Sweden, a village in Sweden
Coastal Andhra, region in India
Kosta Glasbruk, a glassworks in Sweden
Constantine (name), a shortened form common in Bulgaria and Greece (Kostandino)
Kosta (given name), Serbian masculine given name
Kosta (architectural feature), in Hindu temples
See also
Costa (disambiguation)
Costas (disambiguation)
Koshta, a Hindu caste |
5385370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moreton%2C%20Staffordshire | Moreton, Staffordshire | Moreton is a small rural village in the borough of Stafford in Staffordshire, England, near the border with Shropshire. It lies south-west from the former site of Gnosall railway station, and south-east from Newport, both on the Stafford and Shrewsbury section of the former London and North Western Railway. Population details as taken at the 2011 Census can be found under Gnosall.
Description
Two notable sites in the village are the village community hall built in 2000 and St. Mary's Church. The church of St. Mary is a stone building, in the Italian style, and was erected in 1837; it consists of chancel, transepts and nave, with tower and one bell, and seats 340 people. One other local site which is now a privately owned home is the school, which at one point had over one hundred students from Moreton and its hamlets.
Considering the size of the village (roughly 50-60 houses), the lack of more facilities is understandable.
The village is made up primarily of three roads: Heath Lane, Post Office Lane and Church Lane. Both the village hall and church are located on Church Lane, nearer to where the Lane joins Post Office Lane.
History
Moreton ecclesiastical parish was formed on April 26, 1845, from the parish of Gnosall, although it remained in Gnosall parish for civil purposes.
Until the mid-1870s, it was referred to as a hamlet of Gnosall , and can be found, prior to 1880, described with the history of Gnosall. However, by 1880 it had developed sufficiently to be referred to separately, with its own 'satellite' hamlets: Bromstead Heath, Great Chatwell, Coley, Outwoods and Wilbrighton.
Folklorist Charlotte Burne (1850-1923) was born at Moreton Vicarage.
References
External links
Villages in Staffordshire
Borough of Stafford |
5385372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernandinho%20%28footballer%2C%20born%20May%201985%29 | Fernandinho (footballer, born May 1985) | Fernando Luiz Roza (born 4 May 1985), known as Fernandinho, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Athletico Paranaense. He has captained the Brazil national team on many occasions.
Fernandinho started his career at Brazilian club Atlético Paranaense before moving to Shakhtar Donetsk in 2005, where he became one of the best foreign players to ever play in the Ukrainian Premier League. With Shakhtar, he won six Ukrainian Premier League titles, four Ukrainian Cups and the 2008–09 UEFA Cup. He was voted by the Shakhtar Donetsk fans as the best Brazilian player to ever play for the team. In 2013, he joined Manchester City, where he won five Premier League titles, among other trophies.
The scorer of the only goal in the final of the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship and a full international for Brazil from 2011 to 2019, he was part of their squad which came fourth at the 2014 FIFA World Cup and also competed at the 2015 Copa América, the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and the 2019 Copa América, winning the latter tournament.
Club career
Atlético Paranaense
Fernandinho began his career at Atlético Paranaense alongside his future Shakhtar teammate Jádson and close friend Carlos. In Paranaense he was runners-up of both the Brazilian first division (in 2004) and the Libertadores da America, in 2005. He made 72 appearances for the club, scoring 14 goals, before moving to Ukrainian side Shakhtar Donetsk for a fee of around £7 million.
Shakhtar Donetsk
2005–09: Initial league championships and UEFA Cup
In his first season as a Shakhtar player he played 34 matches, including 23 league appearances, and scored three goals, with one coming in the league. Shakhtar were victorious in the Super Cup, however Fernandinho did not play in the match. He played in the championship deciding match between Shakhtar and Dynamo Kyiv, who were level on 75 points after all 30 games had been played, in which Shakhtar prevailed 2–1 to take the title. This marked Fernandinho's first league title with Shakhtar. He made 25 league appearances in the 2006–07 season as Shakhtar finished 2nd to Dynamo Kyiv. They also finished as runners-up in the Ukrainian Cup and Ukrainian Super Cup.
In the 2007–08 season Shakhtar regained the championship with Fernandinho playing a pivotal role by scoring 11 goals, including one from the penalty spot, in 29 league appearances. He failed to appear in just one league match during the season. Shakhtar were also victorious in the Ukrainian Cup, giving Fernandinho his first cup success. However they were defeated in the Super Cup by Dynamo Kyiv for the second year in a row. After the match finished 2–2, it went to penalties and, although Fernandinho converted a penalty, Shakhtar lost 4–2.
On 15 July 2008, Fernandinho played in the Super Cup victory against Dynamo Kyiv. The match went to penalties after the two teams drew 1–1 at the end of extra time. Fernandinho scored one of the penalties to help Shakhtar to a 5–3 win in the shoot-out. He scored the equalising goal in a 1–1 draw with Karpaty Lviv on 27 July. On 3 August he picked up a 63rd minute red card in a 3–0 victory over Illichivets Mariupol. On 31 August he scored a penalty in a 2–2 draw against Metalurh Zaporizhya. On 16 September he scored the opening goal in a 2–1 Champions League victory against Swiss club Basel. On 8 November, he scored the opening goal in a 2–0 victory against Tavriya Simferopol. On 9 December he scored a goal in Shakhtar's 3–2 away win against Spanish side Barcelona in the Champions League group stage match.
On 26 February 2009, Fernandinho scored the equalising goal in Shakhtar's 1–1 away leg draw against English team Tottenham Hotspur in the UEFA Cup. Shakhtar won the tie 3–1 on aggregate. On 7 March, he scored the only goal, a penalty, in a 1–0 victory against Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk. On 15 March, he opened the scoring from the penalty spot in a 3–0 victory against Metalist Kharkiv. On 19 March he scored a penalty in Shakhtar's 2–0 victory over Russian team CSKA Moscow in the UEFA Cup. Shakhtar won the tie 2–1 on aggregate. On 16 April he netted a goal in a 2–1 UEFA Cup win against Marseille. Shakhtar emerged victorious from the tie with a 4–1 aggregate win. He also scored a pivotal equalising goal in the first leg of the UEFA Cup semi final match against Dynamo Kyiv which finished 1–1. Shakhtar advanced to the final by virtue of a 3–2 aggregate victory after securing a 2–1 win at the Donbass Arena in the second leg.
Shakhtar won the UEFA Cup with a 2–1 victory over German side Werder Bremen in the last UEFA Cup before it was renamed the UEFA Europa League. He made 42 total appearances, including 21 in the league, and scored 11 goals, including five in the league, in the 2008–09 season.
2009–13: Domestic dominance and individual success
The 2009–10 season saw Shakhtar lift the Premier League trophy. Fernandinho's first goal came on 29 July, in a 2–2 Champions League draw against Politehnica Timișoara in the third qualifying round, however Shakhtar were knocked out of the competition, losing on away goals after a 0–0 draw at home. On 20 September, he scored a penalty in a 4–2 victory over Arsenal Kyiv. He scored two goals in a 5–1 victory over Karpaty Lviv on 18 October, including one from the penalty spot. On 22 October the first goal, a penalty, in a 4–0 victory against French side Toulouse in the Europa League. He scored a 93rd-minute goal in a 2–0 Ukrainian Cup victory against Dynamo Kyiv on 28 October. On 6 December he scored a penalty to open the scoring in a 2–0 win over Kryvbas. On 24 March, he scored a 92nd-minute goal against Metalurh Donetsk in the Ukrainian Cup, however it proved to be only a consolation goal as Shakhtar lost the match 2–1. Fernandinho made 24 league appearances, netting 4 times. He made a total of 39 appearances with 8 goals.
In the following season Fernandinho played in the 7–1 Super Cup win over Tavriya Simferopol on 4 July. On 18 July, he netted an equalising goal in a 1–1 draw with Metalurh Zaporizhya. On 7 August he scored the opening goal in a 5–0 win over Sevastopol. He also played a part in the 1–0 UEFA Super Cup defeat to Barcelona on 28 August. He suffered a broken leg in a 1–0 defeat to Obolon Kyiv on 10 September, which was expected to rule him out for the entire season. He eventually returned on 1 April 2011 after almost seven months out of action in a 3–1 victory over Illichivets Mariupol. He scored a late 94th-minute match-winning goal in a 2–1 victory over Tavriya, his first goal since returning from injury. On 25 May, he played the full 90 minutes in Shakhtar's 2–0 Ukrainian Cup Final victory over Dynamo Kyiv. At the end of the season Shakhtar won the championship, with Fernandinho contributing three goals from his 15 league appearances. They managed to win three prizes (Premier League, Cup and Super Cup).
Fernandinho began the 2011–12 season with Shakhtar's only goal in a 3–1 Super Cup defeat to Dynamo Kyiv. On 31 July he scored Shakhtar's only goal in a match against Arsenal Kyiv, however a 95th-minute equaliser prevented them from winning the match and taking all three points. He netted a goal in a 3–1 victory against Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk on 13 August. On 27 November he scored the second goal, from a penalty, in a 5–0 victory over Karpaty Lviv. On 27 April, he scored a penalty in a 4–3 Ukrainian Cup match against Volyn Lutsk. He netted the winning goal in a 2–1 victory against Metalist Kharkiv on 2 May. He scored six goals in 32 appearances, with 24 appearances and four goals in the league, over the season. He played in the Ukrainian Cup Final victory over Metalurh Donetsk. At the end of the season, with his contract due to expire, he signed a new five-year contract with the club until 2016. Shakhtar retained the league title for the third year in a row, Fernandinho's fifth overall with the club, and also secured another Cup trophy, their second in a row.
Fernandinho started the 2012–13 season by assisting Douglas Costa for the second goal in a 2–0 Super Cup victory over Metalurh Donetsk. This marked his third success in the Super Cup with Shakhtar. He assisted Yevhen Seleznyov's goal in the 3–1 victory over Hoverla Uzhhorod. He netted a late goal to earn Shakhtar three points in a 1–0 win over Kryvbas. He assisted Henrikh Mkhitaryan for the first goal in a 4–1 victory over Vorskla Poltava. On 23 September, he scored a goal in a 4–1 Ukrainian Cup last 32 victory against Dynamo Kyiv and was named man of the match. He assisted Henrikh Mkhitaryan for the second goal in a 2–0 victory against Metalist Kharkiv on 7 October. Fernandinho scored the second goal in a 2–1 victory against English side Chelsea in the Champions League group stage on 23 October, shooting low with his right foot into the bottom corner.
Manchester City
On 6 June 2013, Fernandinho became Manchester City's first signing of the summer, for a fee of £34 million. He signed a four-year deal and is understood to have waived around £4 million owed to him by Shakhtar in order to complete the transfer, as he was desperate to secure a move away from the Ukrainian club. During his time at Shakhtar, the Brazilian wore the number 7 shirt, but due to midfielder James Milner already occupying the number at City, Fernandinho had to choose another. In an interview with Manchester City, Fernandinho recalled a conversation with his son in which his son said, "My dad is the new number 25," and so Fernandinho subsequently chose 25 as his new number.
2013–14: Premier League win
Fernandinho made his Premier League debut on 19 August 2013 against Newcastle United in a 4–0 home win. He scored his first two goals for Manchester City on 14 December 2013 against Arsenal in a 6–3 home win and was also named man of the match after a classical display.
On 1 January 2014, he scored his third goal of the season in a 2–3 away win against Swansea City. On 2 February, Fernandinho sustained a thigh injury in training, which kept him out of action for two weeks.
On 2 March, Fernandinho appeared for City in the League Cup final against Sunderland, where he won his first trophy in England with a 3–1 win. On 11 May, Fernandinho was part of the squad who secured the Premier League title in a 2–0 win against West Ham United. He did not start the game, but appeared as a substitute for striker Edin Džeko in the 69th minute.
2014–17: Positional changes and adaptation
On 5 November 2014, in a 2014–15 Champions League group match against CSKA Moscow, Fernandinho replaced Jesús Navas at half-time with Manchester City 1–2 down at home. He was then sent off in the 70th minute for a second booking, with teammate Yaya Touré following later, as the team lost and fell to last place in the group.
On 16 August 2015, Fernandinho scored the final goal in City's 3–0 win over Chelsea. He added to his tally two weeks later, with his club's second goal in a City defeat of Watford in the Premier League. Fernandinho started as City beat Liverpool in the 2016 Football League Cup Final. He scored to put City 1–0 up and then missed his penalty in the subsequent shootout after Liverpool equalised, but City still won the game.
Fernandinho's role in the club became so significant that the manager, Pep Guardiola, said: “If a team has three Fernandinhos, they would be champions. We have one, but he is fast, he is intelligent, he is strong in the air, he can play several positions. When he sees the space he will run there immediately. When you need to make a correction, you just need one player to challenge, and he is there.”
2017–22: Sustained domestic success, captaincy, and departure
Fernandinho continued to play a vital role for Manchester City in the 2017–18 season, helping them win their third Premier League title, and his second. He scored three goals and provided three assists in 30 appearances for the title winners. Fernandinho also appeared in the 2018 League Cup final for City when they defeated Arsenal 3–0, however he was substituted after 52 minutes because of an injury.
Following the departure of Yaya Touré, Fernandinho began the season as Manchester City's only natural defensive midfielder. The Brazilian played a vital role in the club's demanding title race against Liverpool, starting every Premier League match until a thigh injury prevented him from playing against Crystal Palace and Leicester City in December - two games that the team subsequently lost. However, Fernandinho was able to return to fitness in time for a season-defining home match against title rivals Liverpool. He was named the Man of the Match following a highly praised performance in midfield that helped City beat their rivals 2–1. Of the performance, the BBC Sport's Phil McNulty wrote, "At the heart of it all was the magnificent Fernandinho - a man seemingly irreplaceable among the City's stellar cast - as he delivered a masterclass of controlled midfield play to steady his side when required."
In February's EFL Cup final against Chelsea, Fernandinho picked up a muscle injury during extra time and, for the remainder of the season, struggled to remain fit. İlkay Gündoğan took his place in City's midfield for the majority of the remaining games, which saw the team go on a 14 game winning-streak to win the Premier League title on the final day of the season. Fernandinho ended the Premier League season with one goal and three assists in 29 appearances.
With Fernandinho's age becoming an area of concern for the club, Manchester City signed Rodri from Atlético Madrid over the summer. Because of the new midfield acquisition, Gündogan's excellent performances as a defensive midfielder at the end of the previous season, and central defender Vincent Kompany's departure, Guardiola planned to use Fernandinho as a back-up central defender throughout the season. An injury to first-choice centre-half Aymeric Laporte just 4 weeks into the season, however, meant that the manager had to rely on Fernandinho to lead his defensive line. He subsequently started nearly every Premier League match following Laporte's injury, with all of his appearances for the season being in central defence. On 28 January 2020, it was announced that he had signed a one-year contract extension with the club.
On 20 September 2020, Guardiola confirmed that Fernandinho was selected as the club's new captain, following the departure of David Silva. On 25 April 2021, Fernandinho lifted his first piece of silverware as Manchester City captain. He started the League Cup final, as City won 1–0 against Tottenham Hotspur to win the competition for the fourth year in a row. It was the 6th of Fernandinho’s career, making him the competition’s most decorated player. On 11 May 2021, local rivals Manchester United were defeated 2–1 by Leicester City, securing City’s fifth Premier league title and seventh First Division title overall. This was Fernandinho’s fourth Premier League title and his first as captain. On 29 June 2021, Fernandinho once again signed a new one-year deal with the Citizens.
On 12 February 2022, after an impressive performance against Norwich City, Jamie Redknapp referred to Fernandinho as the “number 1 defensive midfielder the Premier League has ever seen” whilst mentioning that he thought Fernandinho was a better player than the former Arsenal and France midfielder Patrick Vieira, former Manchester United legend Roy Keane and former Chelsea midfielder Claude Makélélé. On 9 March, Fernandinho made his 100th Champions League appearance in a 0–0 draw against Sporting CP.
On 12 April, Fernandinho announced that he would be leaving Manchester City at the end of the season.
Return to Athletico Paranaense
On 28 June 2022, Fernardinho returned to Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Athletico Paranaense.
International career
On 11 August 2011, Fernandinho made his first appearance for the Brazil national team in a 3–2 friendly defeat against Germany. He won four further caps during the 2011–12 season but did not appear in another Seleção squad until February 2014.
On 5 March 2014, Fernandinho scored his first international goal on his return to the Brazil team in a 5–0 win over South Africa. In May 2014, he was named in Brazil's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. He made his tournament debut as a half-time substitute for Paulinho in the third game of the group stage, scoring the last goal in the 4–1 victory against Cameroon. He was then selected in the starting line-up for Brazil's penalty shootout defeat of Chile in the round of 16. Fernandinho played a full match against Colombia in the quarter-finals, and played the first 45 minutes before being taken off in Brazil's 1–7 loss to Germany in the semi-finals: Brazil's biggest ever defeat at the World Cup.
In May 2018 he was named in Tite's final 23 man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. On 6 July, Brazil were eliminated from the 2018 World Cup by Belgium in the quarter-finals, losing 2–1, with Fernandinho scoring an own goal for Belgium.
In May 2019, Fernandinho was included in Brazil's 23-man squad for the 2019 Copa América.
Style of play and impact
Fernandinho is well known for his pace and ability to shoot from long distances, as well as his energy, technique, movement, and work-rate. He has been described in the media as "a defensive midfielder with a box to box style of play, contributing in large part to the defense and the attack. With a powerful shot and great passing range, Fernandinho has played an important part in breaking up opposition attacks and creating goal scoring opportunities". Jonathan Wilson, when writing for The Guardian in 2013, described Fernandinho as a holding midfielder who can "make tackles," and who is "capable of regaining the ball," while also noting that he frequently functioned "as the more "creative player alongside a destroyer." However, he also clarified that while "Fernandinho is a fine long passer, [...] he is not an Alonso or an Andrea Pirlo type; he is not a regista. Rather he likes to make forward surges, just as Touré does, and, as he showed against Arsenal on Saturday, is more than capable of scoring goals when chances present themselves." As such, he labelled Fernandinho as a "carrier" or "surger," namely "a player capable of making late runs or carrying the ball at his feet." Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola has praised Fernandinho for his intelligence, versatility, ability in the air, and wide range of skills, noting that "Fernandinho can do everything," also citing his important role in the club's successes. Due to a series of injuries to the Manchester City first team's defensive players, Guardiola also deployed Fernandinho as a centre-back on occasion during the 2019–20 season, a position in which he received praise in the media for his performances.
The importance and magnitude of work played by Fernandinho in Manchester City also becomes apparent in his absence. The three defeats in December 2018 in the Premier League were mostly attributed to the fact Fernandinho didn't play due to injury. Based on the statistics from around that time, it was found that City won 10% more games when Fernandinho was in the starting line-up, and the main reason being his ability to both destroy a rival's attack, and create new opportunities for his team through his long-distance passes.
Personal life
Fernandinho is married and has one son, Davi, born in Ukraine on 5 March 2010, and a daughter, Mariana, born on 28 January 2017. Aside from his native Portuguese, Fernandinho reportedly speaks Russian, Italian, Spanish and English. Fernandinho is a devout Christian; concerning his personal faith, he has stated: "Jesus is my biggest inspiration."
Career statistics
Club
International
As of match played 18 June 2019. Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Fernandinho goal.
Honours
Shakhtar Donetsk
Vyshcha Liha/Ukrainian Premier League: 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13
Ukrainian Cup: 2007–08, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13
Ukrainian Super Cup: 2008, 2012
UEFA Cup: 2008–09
Manchester City
Premier League: 2013–14, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22
FA Cup: 2018–19
Football League/EFL Cup: 2013–14, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21
FA Community Shield: 2018
UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2020–21
Brazil U20
FIFA World Youth Championship: 2003
Brazil
Copa América: 2019
Individual
Top Player of the Ukrainian Premier League: 2007–08
PFA Team of the Year: 2018–19 Premier League
Manchester City Goal of the Season: 2017–18
References
External links
Fernandinho profile at FC Shakhtar Donetsk website
1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Londrina
Brazilian footballers
Brazil under-20 international footballers
Brazil international footballers
Association football midfielders
Club Athletico Paranaense players
FC Shakhtar Donetsk players
UEFA Cup winning players
Manchester City F.C. players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Ukrainian Premier League players
Premier League players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2015 Copa América players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
2019 Copa América players
Copa América-winning players
Brazilian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Ukraine
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in England
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine
Brazilian Christians |
5385390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavia%2C%20Saint%20Barth%C3%A9lemy | Gustavia, Saint Barthélemy | Gustavia (, , ) is the main town and capital of the island of Saint Barthélemy. Originally called Le Carénage, it was renamed in honor of King Gustav III of Sweden.
History
Saint Barthélemy was first claimed by France in 1648. The island was given to Sweden in exchange for trade rights in Gothenburg in 1784 and Sweden founded the Swedish West India Company. Prospering during the Napoleonic Wars, assets were low thereafter, and the island was sold back to France in 1878.
The eventual site of Gustavia was first called Le Carénage (The Careening) after the shelter it provided to damaged ships. According to the archives, the name Gustavia appeared between December 28, 1786, and February 9, 1787. Gustavia remains as a reflection of the Swedish period, during which a minority of the population of approximately 4% were of Swedish origin.
Three forts built in the mid- to late 17th century protected the harbour: Oscar (formerly Gustav Adolf), Karl and Gustav. The Saint-Bartholomew Anglican Church on the harbourfront was built in 1855.
Gustavia's sister city is Piteå, located in Norrbotten, Sweden.
Amenities
The sites of Fort Karl, overlooking Shell Beach south of town, and Fort Gustav, at the base of the lighthouse to the north, are popular with hikers. Fort Oscar, at the tip of Gustavia Peninsula, houses the Gendarmerie. There is a museum at the end of Victor Schœlcher Road on the peninsula. Gustavia has a few restaurants serving American, Italian, French and other types of food. Gustavia has many high-end boutiques that are an essential source of revenue for the island, and one of the most high class luxury hotels on the island. There is a Royal Swedish Consulate at Gustavia (Consul Dantes Magras).
Climate
The climate is a tropical one with only minor variations in temperature. The island's small surface area of allows it to take advantage of the smooth and pleasant blow of trade winds. Average water and air temperatures move around , and the year is divided into two seasons: a dry one, referred to as Lent (Careme), and a more humid one in summer. This latter season sets in between May and November, and the ever-present sun is overcast by short passages of rainclouds with brief showers of 10 to 15 minutes. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system Gustavia has a tropical savanna climate, abbreviated Aw on climate maps.
Economy
The official currency of Saint Barthélemy is the euro.
Education
The town's public preschools and primary schools, under the authority of the , are:
École primaire Gustavia
École maternelle Gustavia
Notable people
Eugénie Blanchard — the oldest verified person in the world at the time of her death. She spent most of her life in Gustavia.
Gallery
See also
List of lighthouses in Saint Barthélemy
References
External links
Government
Collectivity of Saint Barthélemy (Official government website)
Comité Territorial du Tourisme (Tourism board website)
Gustavia Harbor/Port de Gustavia (Official website)
General information
Saint Barthelemy. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
Populated places in Saint Barthélemy
Quartiers of Saint Barthélemy
Capitals in the Caribbean
Populated places established in 1785
1785 establishments in North America
Gustav III |
5385399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coetzee | Coetzee | Coetzee () is an Afrikaans surname. It is the tenth most common family name in the Republic of South Africa.
Origin
Unlike many other popular South-African family names, which can often be unambiguously traced back to English, Dutch, or Huguenot French, the origin of the name Coetzee is unclear. It is known that it dates back to the person Dirk Coetzee who came to Cape Colony from Kampen in Netherlands in the 17th century.
Dutch linguist Jan-Wouter Zwart states the guess, in an informal essay, that it derived from the common Dutch name Koetsier, guided by the pronunciation.
Notable people with the surname "Coetzee"
Allister Coetzee (born 1963), South African rugby coach
Angeline Coetzee, doctor who individuated Covid-19 Omicron variant
Basil Coetzee (1944–1998), South African musician
Clem Coetzee ( – 2006), Zimbabwean conservationist
Danie Coetzee (born 1977), South African rugby union footballer
Dirk Coetzee (1945–2013), co-founder and commander of the covert South African Police unit in the 1990s
Felix Coetzee (born 1959), South African jockey in thoroughbred horse racing
George Coetzee (born 1986), South African golfer
Gerrie Coetzee (born 1955), South African boxer
Hannes Coetzee (born 1944), South African guitarist
Hendrik Coetzee ( – 2010), South African adventurer
Jandre Coetzee (born 1984), South African first class cricketer
Jeff Coetzee (born 1977), South African tennis player
J. M. Coetzee (born 1940), South African-Australian author awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature
Justin Coetzee (born 1984), South African-Australian cricketer
Lee Coetzee (born 1984), South African cricketer
Maureen Coetzee (born 1951), South African entomologist
Pietie Coetzee (born 1978), South African field hockey player
Price Coetzee (born 1946), South African actor
Rivaldo Coetzee (born 1996), South African footballer
Roean Coetzee (born 1974), rugby union footballer
Ryan Coetzee (born 1973), South African politician and political strategist, businessman
Ryan Coetzee (swimmer) (born 1995), South African swimmer
Tansey Coetzee (born 1984), Miss South Africa 2008
See also
Kotze / Kotzé, alternative spelling, notable people carrying the surname
References
Afrikaans-language surnames
Surnames of Hungarian origin |
5385417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Levounion | Battle of Levounion | The Battle of Levounion was the first decisive Byzantine victory of the Komnenian restoration. On April 29, 1091, an invading force of Pechenegs was crushed by the combined forces of the Byzantine Empire under Alexios I Komnenos and his Cuman allies.
Background
On August 26, 1071, a Byzantine army under Romanos IV Diogenes was defeated by the Seljuk Turks at Manzikert in eastern Asia Minor. The defeat caused the emperor to be deposed and replaced by the ineffectual Michael VII Doukas, who refused to honour the treaty that had been signed by Romanos. In response, the Turks began to move into Anatolia in 1073, meeting no opposition. Chaos reigned as the empire's resources were squandered in a series of disastrous civil wars. Thousands of Turkoman tribesmen crossed the unguarded frontier and moved into Anatolia. By 1080, an area of had been lost by the empire. It is almost impossible to overestimate the significance of these events, as within less than a decade more than half of the manpower of the empire had been lost, along with much of its grain supply. Thus, the Battle of Manzikert resulted in the greatest blow to the Empire in its 700 years of history.
It is against this backdrop of defeat and disaster that Alexios Komnenos, a successful young general who had been fighting against the Turks since the age of fourteen, ascended the throne on Easter Sunday, April 4, 1081. According to John Julius Norwich, the significance of Alexios's rise to power was that "...for the first time in over half a century the empire was in capable hands." Alexios determined to restore the fortunes of the Byzantine Empire, whatever the cost. Around 1090 or 1091, Emir Chaka of Smyrna suggested an alliance with the Pechenegs in order to completely destroy the Byzantine Empire.
Pechenegs invade
In the spring of 1087, news reached the Byzantine court of a huge invasion from the north. The invaders were Pechenegs from the north-west Black Sea region; it was reported that they numbered 80,000 men in all. Taking advantage of the precarious situation of the Byzantines, the Pecheneg horde headed towards the Byzantine capital at Constantinople, plundering the northern Balkans as they went. The invasion posed a serious threat to Alexios's empire, yet due to years of civil war and neglect the Byzantine military was unable to provide the emperor with enough troops to repel the Pecheneg invaders. Alexios was forced to rely on his own ingenuity and diplomatic skill to save his empire from annihilation. He appealed to another Turk nomadic tribe, the Cumans, to join him in battle against the Pechenegs.
Battle
Won over by Alexios's offer of gold in return for aid against the Pechenegs, the Cumans hurried to join Alexios and his army. In the late spring of 1091, the Cuman forces arrived in Byzantine territory, and the combined army prepared to advance against the Pechenegs. On Monday, April 28, 1091, Alexios and his allies reached the Pecheneg camp at Levounion near the Hebros River.
The Pechenegs appear to have been caught by surprise. At any rate, the battle that took place on the next morning at Levounion was practically a massacre. The Pecheneg warriors had brought their women and children with them, and they were totally unprepared for the ferocity of the attack that was unleashed upon them. The Cumans and the Byzantines fell upon the enemy camp, slaughtering all in their path. The Pechenegs quickly collapsed, and the victorious allies butchered them so savagely that they were almost wiped out. The survivors were captured by the Byzantines and taken into imperial service.
Significance
Levounion was the single most decisive victory achieved by a Byzantine army for more than half a century. The battle marks a turning point in Byzantine history; the empire had reached the nadir of its fortunes in the last twenty years, and Levounion signalled to the world that now at last the empire was on the road to recovery. The Pechenegs had been utterly destroyed, and the empire's European possessions were now secure. Alexios had proved himself as the saviour of Byzantium in its hour of need, and a new spirit of hope began to arise in the war-weary Byzantines.
In the years ahead, Byzantium would go on to stage a remarkable recovery under Alexios and his descendants, the Komnenoi. Byzantine armies returned to Asia Minor, reconquering much of the lost territory there including the fertile coastal regions, along with many of the most important cities. With the restoration of firm central government, the empire became rich during the course of the next century, and Constantinople once more became the metropolis of the Christian world. Thus, the battle at Levounion in 1091 marked the beginning of a resurgence of Byzantine power and influence that would last for a hundred years, until the demise of the Komnenian dynasty at the close of the 12th century.
Bibliography
Sources
Norwich, John Julius (1997), A Short History of Byzantium, Viking,
Haldon, John (2001), The Byzantine Wars, Tempus,
Angold, Michael (1997), The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1204, A Political History, Longman,
Memishoglu, Leon, Turks through History.
1091 in Europe
1090s in the Byzantine Empire
11th-century massacres
Levounion
Levounion
Pechenegs
Levounion
Levounion
Massacres in the Byzantine Empire
Levounion |
5385421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab-eating%20mongoose | Crab-eating mongoose | The crab-eating mongoose (Urva urva) is a mongoose species ranging from the northeastern Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to southern China and Taiwan. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.
Taxonomy
Gulo urva was the scientific name introduced by Brian Houghton Hodgson in 1836 who first described the type specimen that originated in central Nepal. It was later classified in the genus Herpestes, but all Asian mongooses are now thought to belong in the genus Urva, of which U. urva is the type species.
Characteristics
The crab-eating mongoose is grey on the sides and dusky brown on neck, chest, belly and limbs. It has a broad white stripe on the sides of the neck extending from the cheeks to the shoulder.
It has white specks on the top of the head, its chin is white and its throat gray. Its iris is yellow. Its ears are short and rounded. It has webs between the digits. In head-to-body length it ranges from with a long bushy tail. Its weight ranges from .
Distribution and habitat
The crab-eating mongoose occurs in northeastern India, northern Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. It is rare in Bangladesh. It has been recorded at altitudes from sea level to .
In Nepal, it inhabits subtropical evergreen and moist deciduous forests, and has also been observed on agricultural land near human settlements.
In India, it was recorded in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.
In Bangladesh, it was recorded in the eastern forested hills in Sylhet and Chittagong areas.
In Myanmar, it was recorded in the Bumhpa Bum hills at up to altitude, in Hukawng Valley, Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park, Bago Yoma and Myinmoletkat Taung during surveys between 2001 and 2003.
In China's Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan provinces, it was recorded in subtropical limestone forest during interview and camera-trapping surveys carried out between 1997 and 2005.
Ecology and behaviour
Crab-eating mongooses are usually active in the mornings and evenings, and were observed in groups of up to four individuals. They are supposed to be good swimmers, and hunt along the banks of streams and close to water.
Despite their common name, their diet consists not only of crabs, but also just about anything else they can catch, including fish, snails, frogs, rodents, birds, reptiles, and insects.
Conservation
Urva urva is listed in CITES Appendix III.
References
Further reading
Menon, V. (2003). A field guide to Indian mammals. Penguin India, New Delhi
External links
Urva (genus)
Mammals of Bangladesh
Mammals of Myanmar
Mammals of Cambodia
Mammals of China
Mammals of India
Mammals of Laos
Carnivorans of Malaysia
Mammals of Nepal
Mammals of Taiwan
Mammals of Thailand
Mammals of Vietnam
Mammals of Southeast Asia
Mammals described in 1836
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN |
5385452 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out%20of%20Bounds%20%28Rajaton%20album%29 | Out of Bounds (Rajaton album) | Out of Bounds is the sixth album of Finnish a cappella ensemble Rajaton, released in 2006. Like their 2001 album Boundless, this album is almost entirely in English, and was originally intended to be export only in order to reach out to foreign listeners. The CD contains two re-releases, four new versions of previously recorded songs (including a collaboration with The Real Group), English versions of three Kevät songs and three new tracks.
Tracks
Title (Composer / Lyricist)
1. Dobbin's Flowery Vale (2006 Version) (Irish folk melody, arr. Matti Kallio)
2. Un-Wishing Well (2006 version) (Heikki Sarmanto / Kim Rich / arr. Jussi Chydenius)3. Butterfly (Mia Makaroff)
4. We Walk in a Fog (2006 version, featuring The Real Group) (Jussi Chydenius / Eino Leino, English translation by Jaakko Mäntyjärvi)
5. Vanishing Act (Soila Sariola / Stephen Hatfield / arr. Soila Sariola, Jyri Sariola, and Leri Leskinen)
6. The Wild Song (Michael McGlynn)
7. I Was Brought To My Senses (Sting, arr. Hannu Lepola)
8. Lady Madonna (John Lennon & Paul McCartney, arr. Jussi Chydenius)
9. Salty Water (Markku Reinikainen / Stephen Hatfield / arr. Soila Sariola and Leri Leskinen)
10. Snow (Teemu Brunila / Anders Edenroth / arr. Jussi Chydenius and Leri Leskinen)
11. How Little (Mia Makaroff)
12. Mitä kaikatat, kivonen? (2006 version) (Mia Makaroff / trad.)
Notes
The original versions of "Dobbin's Flowery Vale", and "Un-Wishing Well" appeared in Boundless.
"Butterfly" and "Lady Madonna" remain the same as in Boundless.
"We Walk in a Fog" was first released in Finnish in Nova, then in English in Boundless.
"Vanishing Act" and "Salty Water" are Finnish to English homophonic translations of the original tracks "Kivinen Tie" and "Venelaulu", based on their vowel sounds. "Snow" is a more direct translation of the original track "Lunta". All three originally appeared in Kevät.
"Mitä kaikatat, kivonen?" first appeared in Nova.
Reference list
External links
Official Rajaton website
Rajaton - Out of Bounds at Last.fm
Rajaton albums
2006 albums
fi:Rajaton |
5385456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Alliance%20of%20Catholic%20Knights | International Alliance of Catholic Knights | The International Alliance of Catholic Knights (IACK) is a non-governmental organization made up of fifteen Roman Catholic fraternal orders from 27 countries on six continents. The IACK was founded in Glasgow on 12 October 1979 at a meeting of the leaders of six fraternal societies, convened on the occasion of the Diamond Jubilee of the Knights of Saint Columba. The organization is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland.
The IACK is currently an associate member of the Conference of International Catholic Organizations. The CICO is made up of 36 member organizations, four associated organizations and four invited organizations. These international organizations of more than 150 million lay people, through their respective national branches, are present in more than 150 countries.
Member Organizations
Mission statement
During the constitutional meeting, it was resolved that these Fraternal Orders would found an International Alliance for the purpose of working together for the mutual advantage of the individual Member Orders and the extension of Catholic Knighthood throughout the world. Furthermore, the IACK holds its members to:
Bring the message of Christ to all people.
Give loyalty and support in every way possible to our Holy Father The Pope and all Bishops, Priests and Religious throughout the world.
Use their individual and joint influence to eliminate injustice from society.
Cooperate with other Catholic international organizations and the Pontifical Council for the Laity to advance the Christian way of life.
Extend the vision of The Blessed Reverend Father Michael J. McGivney (founder of the Knights of Columbus) by assisting each Member Order to progress and grow and by promoting the establishment of new Orders of Catholic Knights.
Strengthen the individual and distinct Member Orders by corporate action and to strive to deepen the faith of members of the Alliance and all Catholics in general by encouraging their active and generous participation in the Life and Mission of the Church.
Pursue these aims by uniting all throughout the world in prayer.
The IACK was approved as a Catholic international organization by the Holy See in 1981. By a decree dated 14 April 1992 the International Alliance of Catholic Knights was given official recognition by the Vatican as an International Catholic Association of the Faithful, in accordance with Canons 298–311 and 321–329 of the Code of Canon Law.
Leadership
It was agreed that the Supreme Knight or National President of each Member Order would form an International Council which would meet annually (now biennially) and be responsible for the organization and development of the new Alliance and would provide a forum in which the leaders of the Orders could discuss matters of common concern. The Leaders present at this historic gathering are recognized as the Founders of the International Alliance of Catholic Knights.
References
External links
International Alliance of Catholic Knights
Organizations established in 1979
Religious organisations based in Ireland |
5385463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Sophia%20van%20Sch%C3%B6nborn | Anna Sophia van Schönborn | Anna Sophia van Schönborn (around 1696 - November 5, 1760) was a Countess of Hoensbroek.
Anna Catharina Sophia was countess of Schönborn when she married Marquess Frans Arnold Adriaan Joannes Philip van Hoensbroek on November 3, 1720.
Frans Arnold, who met her in Metz in May 1718, was immediately in love with her, because of her charm. After they got married they lived in Hoensbroek Castle and later at Kasteel Hillenraad (Swalmen) and Kasteel Bleijenbeek (Bergen).
According to Egidius Slanghen she had a 24th child (twins) and also a couple of miscarriages. The countess, supposedly, died, mourning for the loss of her children, after a long period of illness in Kasteel Hoensbroek, and was buried in the main church of Hoensbroek November 7, 1760.
She is nicknamed the blauwe dame (blue Lady) after a portrait hanging in the main room of the castle.
See also
List of rulers of Schönborn
Sources
www.heerlen.nl
1696 births
1760 deaths
History of Limburg (Netherlands)
People from Heerlen
Anna Sophia |
5385470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern%20Wildcats | Northwestern Wildcats | The Northwestern Wildcats are the athletic teams that represent Northwestern University, located in Evanston, Illinois. Northwestern is a founding member of the Big Ten Conference and the only private university in the conference. Northwestern has eight men's and eleven women's NCAA Division I sports teams and is marketed as "Chicago's Big Ten Team". The mascot is Willie the Wildcat.
History
Northwestern is a charter member of the Big Ten Conference and has been the only private university in the conference since the University of Chicago left in 1946. With an approximately 8,000 undergraduate students, it is the smallest school in the Big Ten.
Currently, Northwestern fields 19 intercollegiate athletic teams (8 men's and 11 women's) in addition to numerous club sports. Recent success by the Wildcats includes: Northwestern Football's bowl game victories (2016-2018 and 2020) and its 2018 and 2020 Big Ten West title; Women's Basketball winning the 2020 Big Ten regular season championship; Women's Lacrosse winning the 2019 Big Ten tournament title and 20201 Big Ten Regular Season title; Women's Field Hockey winning the 2021 NCAA tournament title; Softball earning the 2019 NCAA Regional Championship in Evanston; Wrestling's Sebastian Rivera winning an individual Big Ten championship in 2019; Fencing claiming multiple Midwest Fencing Conference championships in 2018, 2019 and 2021; Women's Tennis securing the 2018 Big Ten regular season crown; and Women's Diver Olivia Rosendahl collecting individual NCAA championships in both 2018 and 2019.
Mascot
The Northwestern Athletics' mascot is Willie the Wildcat. However, the team's first mascot was a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw. In fall 1923, Furpaw was driven to the playing field to greet the fans before each game. After a losing season, the team decided that Furpaw was the harbinger of bad luck and Willie made his debut ten years later in 1933. Willie initially debuted as a logo, coming to life later in 1947, when members of the Alpha Delta fraternity dressed up as him during the Homecoming parade. Now, Willie attends at least one event of each varsity sport throughout the year and dons replica uniforms whenever possible.
Origin of the name
Northwestern's athletic teams are nicknamed the Wildcats. Before 1924, they were known as "The Purple" and unofficially as "The Fighting Methodists." The name Wildcats was bestowed upon the university in 1924 by Wallace Abbey, a writer for the Chicago Daily Tribune who wrote that even in a loss to the University of Chicago, "Football players had not come down from Evanston; wildcats would be a name better suited to Coach Glenn Thistletwaite's boys." The team was also referred to in the article as "a Purple wall of wildcats." The name was so popular that university board members made "Wildcats" the official nickname just months later. In 1972, the student body voted to change the official nickname from "Wildcats" to "Purple Haze" but the new name never stuck.
Traditions
The Northwestern Wildcats have several traditions relating to its athletics teams including the official chant, "Go U! NU!” and the Wildcats' fight song, "Go U! Northwestern!” A secondary fight song is "Rise Northwestern (Push on Song),” the final 4-measure tag (ending with a shouted "Go 'Cats!”) of which is often played after first downs. The alma mater is played by the Marching Band and sung by fans, students, and the team after each game. Victories by the football team are celebrated by lighting the face of the clock tower on south campus in Northwestern purple.
In addition, Northwestern Football honors former head coach Randy Walker with a pregame "Walk with Us" event before each home football game where the band, cheerleaders, and fans greet the team as they arrive to Ryan Field and head to the locker room. Additionally, the Northwestern Wildcats share an intrastate rivalry with the Illinois Fighting Illini and its football programs play for the Land of Lincoln Trophy after retiring the Sweet Sioux Tomahawk Trophy in 2008.
Athletics Department
Leadership
Northwestern Athletics, also known as the Northwestern University Department of Athletics and Recreation, is led by Combe Family Vice President for Athletics and Recreation, Dr. James J. (Jim) Phillips. Phillips became Northwestern's 21st director of intercollegiate athletics and recreation in April 2008. Phillips has earned several awards and appointments including the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics (NACDA) Under Armour Athletic Director of the Year in both 2012 and 2016, the 2018 Sports Business Journal Athletic Director of the Year, and Vice Chair of the 2020-21 NCAA Men's Basketball Selection Committee, expected to chair the committee in the following year. Phillips leads the department with focus on providing student-athletes with a "world-class experience" that enables them to thrive academically, socially, and athletically.
Under Phillips' leadership, Northwestern student-athletes have achieved impressive academic feats. Northwestern scored a 98-percent in the latest Graduation Success Rate (GSR), a figure which led all FBS schools for the second consecutive year. The Wildcats have scored a 96-percent or higher in every year that GSR data has been released, finishing in the top four among FBS schools all 15 years. Additionally, Phillips oversaw the creation of the department's NU for Life program, providing student-athletes with professional development opportunities and resources, as well as the department's first-ever community relations position, dedicated to connecting the department with the community. Moreover, Northwestern Athletics launched the ongoing "Chicago's Big Ten Team" campaign and the first master facility plan study with Phillips at the helm.
Phillips has a bachelor's degree from the University of Illinois, a master's degree in education from Arizona State University, and a PhD in educational administration from the University of Tennessee.
In January 2021, Phillips left Northwestern to become the commissioner of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Mike Polisky, Northwestern's deputy athletic director for external affairs since 2010, was promoted to replace Phillips. On May 12, 2021, amidst much controversy and protest from students and other members of the Northwestern community, Polisky stepped down. Schapiro named Northwestern linguistics professor Robert Gundlach as interim AD.
Under Armour Partnership
In December 2011, Northwestern University announced a multiyear partnership with Under Armour as its official outfitter of the university's athletic program. Under Armour began outfitting the Northwestern Wildcats in 2012-13 and the partnership marked Under Armour's first with a Big Ten team. Now, Northwestern is one of three Big Ten teams sporting Under Armour gear.
Since the partnership began, the Wildcats have introduced a number of exclusive uniform designs, including its hallmark Gothic uniforms for several sports (debuted in 2014 with football), its Gothic Ice line in 2020 for women's lacrosse and softball, as well as the "By the Players" uniforms for the men's basketball program to debut on Senior Day each season. In addition, the football program's CFB 150th Anniversary uniforms, worn in 2019, earned the first place spot on Uniswag's weekly countdown that features the Top 10 college football uniforms each week.
Chicago's Big Ten Team
In 2010, Northwestern Athletics launched its first-ever wide-ranging marketing campaign in department history. The ongoing "Chicago's Big Ten Team" campaign is intended to increase the Wildcats' presence around Chicago and raise local and regional awareness of Northwestern University. The Northwestern Wildcats reside in the city of Evanston and have a campus in Chicago along Lake Michigan. Northwestern remains the only Division I FBS institution in the Chicago area.
Over the last several years, the Northwestern Wildcats have increased their presence in the Chicago area through relationships with Chicago sports teams and venues. Under Phillips' direction, Northwestern sports programs have hosted games at U.S. Cellular Field (home of the Chicago White Sox) and Wrigley Field (home of the Chicago Cubs), in addition to partnering with the White Sox, Cubs, Blackhawks, and Arlington Park to host Northwestern-themed promotional days throughout the year.
The Foundation
Northwestern Athletics' Studio N debuted The Foundation in 2015. It includes "exclusive access" inside team meetings and road trips in addition to hearing from the coaches and players on the sidelines and in the locker room. The Foundation won the Chicago/Midwest Regional Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sports Programs – Program Series in December 2017 and has earned multiple NACDA/SVG College Sports Video awards.
"The Foundation: Expect Victory" was an eight-episode series that reviewed Northwestern Football's run to the 1995 Big Ten Championship and Rose Bowl game. The series aired on Wednesdays during fall 2020 on NBC Sports Chicago and each episode was released online after each airing.
Sports sponsored
Football
The Northwestern Wildcats football team has evidence of organization as early as 1876, but evidence confirms that Northwestern football was played in 1882 as a group of Northwestern men played a "football heat" against a group of Lake Forest men. The Wildcats have since achieved an all-time high rank of No. 1 during the 1936 and 1962 seasons, which has thus far not been duplicated. The team plays home games at Ryan Field in Evanston, Illinois.
Northwestern Football has played in a total of 16 bowl games, including 10 appearances in just 10 seasons between 2008 and 2020. The Wildcats won three consecutive bowl games in 2016–18. Despite the Wildcats challenging season in 2019, the 2020 season marked their most recent seasons of success. In 2020, the Wildcats were Big Ten West Champions and bowl game champions. In addition, defensive Coordinator, Mike Hankwitz, who has been with Northwestern Football since 2008, received his 400 career win on January 1, 2021. Perhaps the most memorable Northwestern Football season was in 1995 as the Wildcats won the Big Ten Championship and saw their first Rose Bowl berth in nearly 50 years. Despite recent success, the Wildcats still hold the record for the longest losing streak in Division I-A football with 34 consecutive losses between 1979 and 1982.
Following the sudden death of football coach Randy Walker in 2006, 31-year-old and former All-American Northwestern linebacker Pat Fitzgerald assumed the position becoming the youngest Division I FBS coach at the time. Fitzgerald is already the second-longest tenured Big Ten head coach, the sixth-longest tenured head coach in Division 1 Football Bowl Subdivision and has been head coach for the Wildcats since 2011. The Wildcats earned their first-ever Big Ten West title and berth in the Big Ten Championship game in 2018. Fitzgerald was named the consensus Big Ten Coach of the Year and a finalist for the 2018 Dodd Trophy that season. Most recently, Fitzgerald earned the 2020 Dodd Trophy Coach of the Year. On October 24, 2020, Fitzgerald recorded his 100th career win in a victory over Maryland. His overall record is 106–81.
Former Wildcats active in the National Football League going into the 2020 season include Ibraheim Campbell, Austin Carr, Garrett Dickerson, Joe Gaziano, Nate Hall, Blake Hance, Montre Hartage, Justin Jackson, Joe Jones, Tyler Lancaster, Dean Lowry, Sherrick McManis, Ifeadi Odenigbo, Trevor Siemian, Clayton Thorson, Dan Vitale, and Anthony Walker, Jr.
Men's Basketball
The Wildcats men's basketball team is under the direction of Sullivan-Ubben Head Men's Basketball Coach Chris Collins, a role that he's been in since 2013. Collins led the Wildcats to heights never before reached during the 2016–17 season when the program saw a school record 24 wins and its first NCAA tournament berth and victory in program history. Collins was named as one of four finalists for the Naismith Men's Coach of the Year award in 2017.
The Wildcats single national championship is from 1931, retro-picked by the Helms Athletic Foundation and, later, by the Premo-Porrett Power Poll. Since then, the Wildcats have played in the National Invitation Tournament seven times, most recently in 2012.
The men's basketball program was the first to open the renovated Welsh-Ryan Arena in on November 2, 2018, in an exhibition game against McKendree. The state-of-the-art facility was built to be the most accessible arena in college athletics and seats 7,039. The team is cheered on by the Wildside student section.
Women's Basketball
The Northwestern women's basketball team is led by Joe McKeown (pronounced Mick-Q-ann), a role that he's been in since 2008. Most recently, McKeown led his Wildcats team to a regular season Big Ten title in the 2019–20 season, tying the program's best 26 wins in a single season. McKeown earned his 700th career win on December 20, 2019. McKeown previously coached at George Washington. He led the Colonials to 14 regular season or postseason Atlantic 10 titles. McKeown is a native of Philadelphia and was inducted into the Father Judge High School Hall of Fame in 1999.
In 2017, the Wildcats saw its highest draft pick in program history with Nia Coffey, selected fifth overall by the San Antonio Stars. The first player drafted in program history was Amy Jaeschke in 2011, selected 27th overall by the Chicago Sky.
Women's lacrosse
Northwestern lacrosse has won the national championship in women's lacrosse five straight times, from 2005 to 2009, and then again in 2011 and 2012, giving them 7 championships in 8 years. In 2007, the team joined Maryland as the only other school to three-peat. The run started in 2005, when the team enjoyed a perfect season and defeated many long-established east-coast schools after only five years as a varsity sport to capture the school's first national championship since 1941. In doing so, it became the westernmost institution to ever win the title. Soon after, the team made national news when members appeared in a White House photo with President Bush wearing thong sandals, or flip-flops, dubbed as the "White House flip-flop flap." The 2009 season also was an undefeated run. In their five consecutive championship seasons, the Wildcats have a 106–3 record. The Wildcats are led by head coach Kelly Amonte-Hiller, a role that she's been in since 2002. Most recently, the Wildcats won their first ever Big Ten Championship in 2019 and won their first ever Big Ten regular season championship in 2021.
Fencing
The Northwestern Fencing program competes in the Central Collegiate Conference and has a tenured history of success. Zach Moss is the programs head coach, a role that he's been in since 2016. Following a historic 2017–18 season, Moss was named the Midwest Fencing Conference Coach of the Year as the Wildcats captured their fifth-ever conference championship and finished with three All-Americans at the NCAA Championships. Additionally, the team set the program record for most wins in a season with 47 and the program record for longest win streak at 25.
The 2018–19 season saw more milestones for the Wildcats including a 39–5 record, an 11th-place finish at the NCAA Championships, and a second consecutive conference championship. The Wildcats achieved the highest ranking in program history during the season at second in the country and amassed 39 victories at the conference championships.
Field Hockey
The Northwestern Field Hockey team plays its home games at Lakeside Field, adjacent to Lanny and Sharon Martin Stadium on the lakefront. The Wildcats are led by head coach Tracey Fuchs, a role that she's been in since 2009. Fuchs has led the Wildcats to two Big Ten titles and three NCAA tournament appearances. Under Fuchs' direction, the Wildcats have posted winning seasons in 10 of her 11 seasons.
The Northwestern Wildcats field hockey team has gathered 6 regular season Big Ten titles and 1 tournament title in addition to 14 NCAA tournament appearances.
Wrestling
The Northwestern Wildcats wrestling program hosts home matches in Welsh-Ryan Arena and practices in the Ken Kraft Wrestling Room, located in Anderson Hall. The Wildcats are led by Matt Storniolo, a role that he's been in since 2016. The Wildcats have had 40 Big Ten individual champions in addition to 10 NCAA individual champions and 75+ All-Americans.
Golf
The men's golf team has won eight Big Ten Conference championships: 1925, 1937, 1939, 1948, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006. They have twice placed second in the NCAA Championships: 1939, 1945.
Luke Donald won the NCAA Individual Championship in 1999. He was Big Ten Conference Player of the year in 1999, and David Merkow was named the same in 2006. Donald was ranked number 1 in the Official World Golf Ranking for 56 weeks in 2011 and 2012. The four best career stroke averages in school history are held by Luke Donald, Tom Johnson, Jess Daley, and David Lipsky.
In 1946 and 1957, Phyllis Otto and Mariam Bailey, respectively, won the women's individual intercollegiate golf championship (an event conducted by the Division of Girls' and Women's Sports (DGWS) – which later evolved into the current NCAA women's golf championship).
Soccer
The men's and women's soccer teams play home games at Lanny and Sharon Martin Stadium, opened in March 2016 and named to honor the generosity and leadership of Trustee J. Landis Martin and Sharon Martin. The stadium is also home to the lacrosse program.
The men's soccer program is currently led by Tim Lenahan, a role that he's been in since 2001. Lenahan surpassed a career milestone of 300 career wins on September 24, 2019, with a come-from-behind overtime victory over the UIC Flames. Lenahan is the winningest coach in Northwestern Men's Soccer history and is one of only two active Big Ten coaches with more than 300 wins. The men's soccer program has won two regular season Big Ten titles (2011, 2012) and 1 Big Ten tournament title (2011). Tyler Miller is the program's only professional Wildcat, currently playing with Minnesota United as goalkeeper.
The women's soccer program is led by Michael Moynihan, a role that he's been in since 2009. The program has 1 regular season Big Ten title (2016) and six NCAA tournament appearances, including four in the last five seasons. Three Wildcats were drafted in the 2019 NWSL College Draft: Kayla Sharples (Chicago Red Stars), Marisa Viggiano (Orlando Pride), and Hannah Davison (Chicago Red Stars).
Softball
The Northwestern softball program is led by head coach Kate Drohan, a role that she's been in since 2002. Kate Drohan leads the Wildcats with her twin sister, Caryl Drohan, the program's associate head coach.
After 19 seasons, Kate Drohan's career record includes a five-year stretch from 2005 to 2009 in which Northwestern compiled a record of 215–77, reached the Super Regional round of the NCAA tournament four times, and became the first private school in NCAA history to advance to the WCWS semifinals in consecutive years. Overall, Northwestern under Drohan has made 13 NCAA tournament appearances and has claimed five NCAA Regional titles, including its most recent in 2019 as the Wildcats hosted the Evanston Regional for the first time in 11 years. Drohan was named Big Ten Coach of the Year for the third time in her career in 2019 after leading the Wildcats to a 47–13 overall record, 21–2 in Big Ten play, collecting the most conference wins in program history and the program's longest winning streak since 1985 of 20 games. Drohan earned her 600th career win on April 9, 2019, with a 3–1 victory over Notre Dame. Most recently on March 27, 2021, the Drohans twin coaches became Northwestern softball's all-time win leaders with their 641st victory against Wisconsin.
The Northwestern softball program began in 1976 and currently competes at Sharon J. Drysdale Field, previously known as Anderson Field. The ballpark was renamed for NFCA Hall of Fame mentor Sharon J. Drysdale upon her retirement in 2001. Drysdale served as the Wildcats' head coach for 23 seasons and amassed a 640–512–3 record.
Swimming and Diving
In June 2020, Northwestern Athletics elevated Katie Robinson to Director of Swimming and Diving, making her the second female to hold the position overseeing both men's and women's programs in the Power-5 conferences.
Northwestern Swimming and Diving has earned tremendous success over time. Three-time All-American Olivia Rosendahl won the NCAA Women's Platform Diving championship in both 2017 and 2018, and the Wildcats have been represented in each of the last three Summer Olympic Games, most recently by swimmers Valerie Gruest-Slowing and Jordan Wilimovsky in Rio in 2016. In the summer before his senior season, Wilimovsky became the first American to compete in both indoor and outdoor swimming events in the same Olympics. In 2015, Wilimovsky became the world champion in 10 km water race. Matt Grevers, a Northwestern alum, won two gold medals (100-meter backstroke, 400-meter medley relay) and a silver medal (400-meter freestyle relay) at the 2012 London Olympic Games. At the 1924 Paris Olympic Games, four Northwestern alums won gold medals- Ralph Breyer (4 x 200-meter freestyle relay), Sybil Bauer (100-meter backstroke), Richard Howell (4 x 200-meter freestyle relay) and Robert "Bob" Skelton (200-meter breaststroke). At the Stockholm 1912 Olympic Games, Northwestern alum, Kenneth Huszagh, won a silver medal (4 x 200-meter freestyle relay) and a bronze medal (100-meter freestyle). During the Melbourne 1956 Olympic Games, Northwestern alum, Nancy Simons Peterson won a silver medal in the 4 x 100-meter freestyle relay event. At the Los Angeles 1932 Olympic Games, Northwestern alum, Albert Schwartz won a bronze medal in the 100-meter freestyle event.
In the NCAA Men's Swimming and Diving Championships held from 1924 through 1936, no team points were officially awarded. Northwestern won four unofficial national team championships during these years, which were proclaimed in the newspapers of the time, second only to Michigan's seven.
1924 – Northwestern
1929 – Northwestern
1930 – Northwestern
1933 – Northwestern
Tennis
The women's and men's tennis programs compete indoors at Combe Tennis Center within the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion and outdoors at the Vandy Christie Tennis Center located along Sheridan Road. Northwestern Tennis matches are free to attend and typically held in the spring.
The women's tennis program is led by head coach Claire Pollard, a role that she's been in since 1999. Pollard has transformed the program into a national powerhouse. Pollard has led the Wildcats to the NCAA tournament 21 consecutive times, the fifth-longest streak by an active head coach at the same program. The Wildcats have earned 15 Big Ten regular season titles and 17 Big Ten tournament titles, including a string of 16-straight conference titles through 2014. Northwestern has also had 2 NCAA doubles championships in 1997 and 2006.
Head coach Arvid Swan currently leads the Wildcats men's tennis program. Swan guided Northwestern to six consecutive NCAA appearances, beginning in 2009, and the program claims 9 Big Ten titles as well as 16 NCAA appearances.
Baseball
The Northwestern Baseball program is led by head coach Spencer Allen, a role that he's been since 2015. Since 1943, Rocky and Berenice Miller Park has been the home stadium to this team. This program has made 1 NCAA appearance in 1957.
Cross Country
The Northwestern Cross Country only has a women's program. This team is led by recently joined head coach, Jill Miller. Miller attended Wake Forest University and was a four-time NCAA Cross Country Championships qualifier and was part of the program's first Atlantic Coach Conference title in 2002.
Women's Volleyball
The Northwestern Volleyball program is coached by Shane Davis, a role that he's been in since 2015. The program plays their home games at the renovated Welsh-Ryan Arena.
Facilities
Lakefront Facilities
Walter Athletics Center
The Walter Athletics Center is the last in a series of new lakefront athletics and recreation facilities to be developed during We Will. The Campaign for Northwestern. Walter Athletics Center is a four-story, state-of-the-art development center located on the north end of the Evanston campus, structurally connected to Ryan Fieldhouse, the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion, and the North Parking Garage. The facility is named in honor of University Trustee Mark R. Walter and Kimbra D. Walter.
The transformational multi-purpose facility includes spaces for academic and professional development, nutrition and dining, sports performance, sports medicine and athletic training, and locker rooms for more than 500 Northwestern student-athletes. The Walter Athletics Center allows for plenty of natural light and has unobstructed views of Lake Michigan, the Chicago skyline, and other Northwestern facilities including Martin Stadium and Lakeside Field.
Ryan Fieldhouse and Wilson Field
Ryan Fieldhouse and Wilson Field opened in April 2018. Northwestern Lacrosse hosts a portion of its home schedule inside Ryan Fieldhouse, which is named for University Trustee Patrick G. Ryan and his wife, Shirley.
Ryan Fieldhouse's dome shape is based on football punting and kicking trajectories, with the peak of the dome reaching 87 feet above the surface of Wilson Field, named for Trustee Steve Wilson and his wife, Sue. Wilson Field is striped for NCAA regulation football, soccer, and lacrosse, with movable bleacher seating and an automated netting system designed to subdivide the space for use by multiple groups.
Ryan Fieldhouse also features a 44-foot-tall glass façade and several sports performance spaces for football and for Olympic sports.
Lanny and Sharon Martin Stadium
Lanny and Sharon Martin Stadium is an outdoor athletics and recreation facility, home of Northwestern soccer and lacrosse games. Martin Stadium underwent renovations and reopened in March 2016 with a new turf field, lighting upgrades, and new video equipment. The facility is named to honor Trustee J. Landis Martin and Sharon Martin. The stadium has views of the Chicago skyline and is adjacent to Lakeside Field (to the west) and Hutcheson Field (to the south).
Chap and Ethel Hutcheson Field
Used primarily as an athletics and recreation practice field, Chap and Ethel Hutcheson Field is located just south of Martin Stadium and features a turf surface lined for NCAA regulation football.
Lakeside Field
Lakeside Field was constructed in 1997 and is "one of the premier venues for field hockey in the country". The stadium is located along the shore of Lake Michigan and sits to the west of Martin Stadium and to the north of the Kellogg Global Hub building. Lakeside Field underwent renovations in 2015 and is home to Northwestern Field Hockey.
Henry Crown Sports Pavilion
The Henry Crown Sports Pavilion is located along Campus Drive and is the main recreation facility on campus. The 95,000 square foot facility includes the Norris Aquatics Center and the Combe Tennis Center while also being structurally connected to Ryan Fieldhouse, the Walter Athletics Center, and the North Parking Garage. The recreation facility includes basketball, swimming, squash, racquetball, tennis, group exercise, cycling, weight lifting, and general cardio along with exercise-related activities and programs.
The Henry Crown Sports Pavilion was renovated in 2014 to include an additional 30,000 square feet, new studio space, and new exercise equipment. Later, three new basketball courts, a new three-lane jogging track, and new cardio machines were added in 2018.
Norris Aquatics Center
Inside the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion, the Norris Aquatics Center is home to Northwestern Swimming and Diving and is the venue for all home meets. The center, named for Dellora A. and Lester J. Norris, includes a 750,000-gallon, 50-meter-by-25-yard pool with movable walls that run on a track system, enabling the pool to be custom-fitted. The facility also includes a heat recycling system, an electronic scoreboard, and seating for 800 spectators.
Combe Tennis Center
Also within the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion, the Combe Tennis Center is home to Northwestern Tennis for indoor matches and includes six courts with electronic scoreboards and a main team scoreboard. The facility also includes spectator seating on a balcony overlooking the courts with unobstructed views of each match. In 2020, the athletics and recreation facility underwent renovations to its ceiling and lighting. The facility is named for former Northwestern tennis player Ivan Combe, who played from 1931 to 1933. The ITA named the Combe Tennis Center the 2002 Outstanding Facility.
Patten Gymnasium
Patten Gymnasium is a historic, multi-purpose facility located on Northwestern's main campus that is home to the Northwestern Fencing program and Gleacher Golf Center.
The Gleacher Golf Center
In November 2020, the Gleacher Golf Center opened as a complete renovation of the existing space inside Patten Gymnasium for the golf programs. Named for University Trustee Eric J. Gleacher and Paula Gleacher, the new, on-campus facility is one of the country's finest and includes a 5,400-square-foot short-game and putting area with raised ceilings, a state-of-the-art training area, a digitally-adjustable putting platform, new locker rooms, and a student-athlete lounge with a dedicated study area, full kitchen, and sports performance hub. The golf programs also practice at the Luke Donald Outdoor Practice Facility, unveiled in fall 2006.
Vandy Cristie Tennis Center
The Vandy Christie Tennis Center was dedicated in October 1994 and includes 15 courts, a pro shop, and permanent seating for spectators. In 2013, the facility was enhanced with a main scoreboard, six individual scoreboards, and six 27-foot-long bleachers with chairbacks. The facility is home of Northwestern Tennis for outdoor matches and is located on Sheridan Road.
Ryan Field Campus Facilities
Ryan Field
Ryan Field is the home of Northwestern Football and is located along Central Street.
Welsh-Ryan Arena
Welsh-Ryan Arena is home of Northwestern Men's and Women's Basketball, Wrestling, and Volleyball. The arena underwent renovations and opened in November 2018 as one of the nation's leading competition facilities.
Trienens Performance Center
Along with renovations to Welsh-Ryan Arena, Northwestern Athletics redesigned the former home to Northwestern Football offices and practice space into what is now the Trienens Performance Center, a state-of-the-art practice facility for men's and women's basketball, volleyball, softball, and baseball. The building opened in November 2019 and includes a three-court fieldhouse, turf field and practice area, expanded performance nutrition hub, offices for men's and women's basketball staff, locker rooms, sports medicine and athletic training amenities, and a weight room. The new practice facility is named for University Trustee Howard J. Trienens. Complete virtual tour of the facility on YouTube.
Rocky and Berenice Miller Park
The home of Northwestern Baseball is Rocky and Berenice Miller Park, located along Ashland Avenue near Welsh-Ryan Arena and the West Lot.
Sharon J. Drysdale Field
The Wildcats softball team plays home games at Sharon J. Drysdale Field, located immediately east of Welsh-Ryan Arena. The facility, formerly known as Anderson Field, was renamed in 2011 to honor the legendary Sharon J. Drysdale who coached the Wildcats for 23 seasons. Drysdale Field features an intimate grandstand seating area in addition to seating located beyond right field. Most recently, the facility hosted the 2019 NCAA Evanston Regional for the first time in 11 years. The facility has earned a number of awards including the 2008 Stabilizer Solutions/NFCA Field Maintenance Award.
In 2006, the facility received new outfield turf and, in 2007, underwent final renovation phases that included sunken dugouts, permanent seating, a new game operations booth, and a plaza down the third-base line. Prior to the 2016 season, the field was again completely resurfaced with a new infield installation and fresh outfield turf. Drysdale Field and Ryan Field are the only two Northwestern Athletics competition facilities that feature natural grass.
Ken Kraft Wrestling Room
The Ken Kraft Wrestling Room is located on the bottom floor of Anderson Hall, located along Central Street northeast of Ryan Field, and is the primary practice facility for Northwestern Wrestling. The room features three 42’x42' mats as well as coaching offices and locker rooms.
The practice facility is named in honor of Ken Kraft for his 48 years of involvement with the program. Kraft was a four-year member of the Wildcats wrestling squad and the program's head coach for 22 years. In 2004, Kraft retired after spending 51 years at Northwestern and was inducted into the Northwestern Athletic Hall of Fame in 2003.
Rivalries
Illinois Fighting Illini
Northwestern's most prominent rivalry is with their Big Ten foe, the University of Illinois. The rivalry runs deep due to the schools' proximity to each other, history, and the Land of Lincoln Trophy between the football programs. The Land of Lincoln Trophy—popularly known as "The Hat" for its resemblance to and design modeled after Abraham Lincoln's hat—replaced the former football rivalry trophy, the Sweet Sioux Tomahawk Trophy. The Sweet Sioux was retired in 2008 after 64 seasons and the Land of Lincoln debuted the year following. Illinois leads the all-time series, 55-53-5, but Northwestern leads the Land of Lincoln Trophy series, 8–3, including victories in the last five consecutive meetings. The rivalry's first recorded game was in 1892 and resulted in a tie, 16-16.
University of Michigan Wolverines
In February 2021, the football programs at Northwestern and the University of Michigan announced a new rivalry trophy called the George Jewett Trophy. The game honors George Jewett, the first Black player in Big Ten history, who played football for both universities in the 1890s. The game is the first trophy in Football Bowl Subdivision history to be named for a Black player.
Championships
Conference Championships
Football: 8 conference titles (1903, 1926, 1930, 1931, 1936, 1995, 1996, 2000), 2 division titles (2018, 2020)
Baseball: 2 regular season (1940, 1957)
Men's Basketball: 2 regular season (1931, 1933)
Women's Basketball: 2 regular season (1990, 2020)
Women's Fencing: 2 team Big Ten titles (1977, 1978), 6 team MFC titles (1999, 2000, 2001, 2016, 2018, 2019), 13 individual MFC titles
MFC Weapon titles: 8 épée, 6 foil, 6 sabre, 1 Central Collegiate Conference title (2021)
Field Hockey: 6 regular season (1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1994, 2013), 1 tournament (2014)
Men's Golf: 8 team (1925, 1937, 1939, 1948, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006), 13 medalists
Women's Golf: 3 team (2013, 2015, 2016), 3 medalists
Women's Lacrosse: 1 Big Ten Conference regular season (2021), 2 Big Ten tournaments (2019, 2021), 6 American Lacrosse Conference tournament (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013),8 American Lacrosse Conference regular season (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013)
Men's Soccer: 2 regular season (2011, 2012), 1 tournament (2011)
Women's Soccer: 1 regular season (2016)
Softball: 7 regular season (1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 2006, 2008)
Men's Swimming and Diving: 10 team (1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1930), 111 individual, 84 individual swimming, 19 relay swimming, 8 diving
Women's Swimming and Diving: 57 individual (38 individual swimming, 16 relay swimming, 2 diving)
Men's Tennis: 9 team (1936, 1940, 1942, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1963, 1990)
Women's Tennis: 15 regular season (1985, 1986, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2018) (most in the Big Ten), 17 tournament (1985, 1986, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014) (most in the Big Ten)
Women's Volleyball: 2 regular season (1983, 1984)
Wrestling: 40 individual
National Championships
NCAA championships - Team and Individual
Men's Fencing (now inactive): 1 team (1941), 1 individual (Edward McNamara in 1941)
Men's Golf: 1 individual (Luke Donald in 1999)
Women's Lacrosse: 7 team (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012)
Field Hockey: 1 team (2021)
Men's Swimming and Diving: 31 individual/relay
Women's Swimming and Diving: 2 individual (Olivia Rosendahl in 2017 and 2018)
Women's Tennis: 2 doubles (1997, 2006)
Men's Outdoor Track and Field (now inactive): 12 individual
Wrestling: 10 individual
NCAA championship appearances
Baseball: 1 appearance
Men's Basketball: 1 appearance
Women's Basketball: 7 appearances
Women's Fencing: 30 appearances
Field Hockey: 14 appearances
Women's Golf: 8 appearances
Women's Lacrosse: 20 appearances
Men's Soccer: 9 appearances
Women's Soccer: 6 appearances
Women's Softball: 18 tournament appearances, 5 WCWS appearances
Men's Swimming and Diving: 35 appearances
Women's Swimming and Diving: 27 appearances
Men's Tennis: 16 appearances
Women's Tennis: 29 appearances
Men's Outdoor Track and Field (now inactive): 21 appearances
Women's Volleyball: 8 appearances
Wrestling: 56 appearances
Other national team championships
National team titles that were not bestowed by the NCAA (4 are unofficial NCAA championships):
Men's Swimming and Diving (4): 1924, 1929, 1930, 1933
Men's basketball (1): 1931 (retroactive selection by Helms Athletic Foundation and Premo-Porretta Power Poll)
See also:
List of Big Ten Conference National Championships
List of NCAA schools with the most Division I national championships
Notable alumni
Baseball
Jerry Doggett, former broadcaster for the Los Angeles Dodgers
Eddie Einhorn (J.D. 1960), vice chairman of the Chicago White Sox
Luke Farrell, pitcher for the Texas Rangers
Joe Girardi, former baseball player and New York Yankees manager, former manager of the Florida Marlins and current TV analyst
J. A. Happ, baseball player pitcher (Toronto Blue Jays)
Mike Huff, former baseball player
Eric Jokisch, pitcher for the Kiwoom Heroes of the KBO
George Kontos, 2012 World Series champion with the San Francisco Giants
Mike Koplove, Major League Baseball pitcher
Kenesaw Mountain Landis (J.D. 1891), first Commissioner of Baseball
Mark Loretta, baseball player (Milwaukee Brewers, Boston Red Sox, San Diego Padres, Los Angeles Dodgers)
Gene Oliver, Baseball player
Jerry Reinsdorf, owner of the Chicago White Sox and Chicago Bulls
Mark Walter, founder and CEO of Guggenheim Partners, chairman of the Los Angeles Dodgers
Basketball
Don Adams, former NBA and ABA player
Jim Burns, former NBA and ABA player
Nia Coffey, WNBA player
Drew Crawford (born 1990), basketball player who last played for Bnei Herzliya of the Israeli Ligat HaAl
Frank Ehmann, All-American basketball player
Evan Eschmeyer, former basketball player (New Jersey Nets)
Jake Fendley, former NBA player for the Fort Wayne Pistons
Glen Grunwald (J.D. 1984), executive for the New York Knicks
Willie Jones, former NBA player
Vic Law, NBA player for Orlando Magic
Billy McKinney, former NBA player, current director of scouting for the Milwaukee Bucks
Daryl Morey (B.S. 1996), general manager of the Philadelphia 76ers
Max Morris, All-American football and basketball player
Dererk Pardon, professional basketball player
Dan Peterson, basketball coach
Kevin Rankin, basketball player and insurance underwriter
Jerry Reinsdorf (J.D. 1960), owner of the Chicago Bulls and the Chicago White Sox
Joe Ruklick, former NBA player for the Philadelphia Warriors, gave Wilt Chamberlain the final assist in his 100-point game
Anucha Browne Sanders (B.S. 1985), former executive for New York Knicks
John Shurna, former basketball player
Rick Sund, former general manager for the Atlanta Hawks
Figure skating
Ronald Joseph, figure skater and long jumper
Debi Thomas (M.D. 1997), figure skater
Football
Mike Adamle, football player and sportscaster
Dick Alban, football player
Damien Anderson, American football player (St. Louis Rams)
Frank Aschenbrenner, football player
Darryl Ashmore, football player (Oakland Raiders, Rams, Redskins)
Darnell Autry, football player (Chicago Bears and Philadelphia Eagles) and actor
Frank Baker, football player
Brett Basanez, football player (Chicago Bears)
Cas Banaszek, football player
D'Wayne Bates, football player (Chicago Bears and Minnesota Vikings)
Sid Bennett, football player
George Benson, football player
Kevin Bentley, football player (Cleveland Browns and Seattle Seahawks)
Ron Burton, football player, (Boston Patriots- now known as New England Patriots)
Hank Bruder, football player
Corbin Bryant, football player
Ibraheim Campbell, football player
Woody Campbell, football player
Austin Carr, football player, (New Orleans Saints)
Luis Castillo, football player, (San Diego Chargers)
Bob Christian, football player, (Atlanta Falcons)
Barry Cofield, football player, (Washington Redskins)
Joe Collier, football head coach, Buffalo Bills
Irv Cross, football player
Andy Cvercko, football player
Bill DeCorrevont, football player for four NFL teams (Washington Redskins, Detroit Lions, Chicago Cardinals, Chicago Bears)
Garrett Dickerson, football player
John L. "Paddy" Driscoll, football player
Curtis Duncan, football player, Houston Oilers
Tiny Engebretsen, football player
Trai Essex, football player (Pittsburgh Steelers and Indianapolis Colts)
Pat Fitzgerald, two-time All-American player, current Northwestern head football coach
Barry Gardner, football player (Philadelphia Eagles)
Joe Gaziano, football player
Brian Gowins, American football player (Chicago Bears)
Otto Graham, football player
Nate Hall, football player
Napoleon Harris, football player, Oakland Raiders and Minnesota Vikings
Montre Hartage, football player
Noah Herron, football player, Green Bay Packers
Chris Hinton, seven-time Pro Bowl player, Indianapolis Colts, Atlanta Falcons and Minnesota Vikings
Godwin Igwebuike, football player, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, San Francisco 49ers and Philadelphia Eagles
Justin Jackson, football player, Los Angeles Chargers
Paul Janus, football player
Luke Johnsos, football player
Mike Kafka, football player, Philadelphia Eagles
Jim Keane, football player
Doc Kelley, football player
John Kidd, NFL punter for five teams (Buffalo Bills, San Diego Chargers, Miami Dolphins, Detroit Lions and New York Jets)
Elbert Kimbrough, football player
Bob Koehler, football player
Tyler Lancaster, football player
Dean Lowry, football player
Sherrick McManis, football player, Chicago Bears
Alex Moyer, football player
Hunter Niswander, NFL punter
Matt O'Dwyer, football player (New York Jets, Cincinnati Bengals)
Ifeadi Odenigbo, football player
Ted Phillips, Chicago Bears president and CEO
Kyle Prater, NFL wide receiver
Nick Roach, football player, Chicago Bears
Jeff Roehl, American football player
Jack Rudnay, football player
Pete Shaw, football player
Trevor Siemian, football player, Denver Broncos and Minnesota Vikings
Zach Strief, football player
Tyrell Sutton, football player, Carolina Panthers
Clayton Thorson, football player, Dallas Cowboys
Steve Tasker, football player (Houston Oilers and Buffalo Bills) and sports announcer
Rob Taylor, football player and head coach
Danny Vitale, football player
Anthony Walker Jr., football player
Ray Wietecha, football player
George Wilson, football player and head coach
Fred Williamson, football player
Eric Wilson, football player
Corey Wootton, football player, Chicago Bears
Jason Wright, running back and business executive
Golf
Jim Benepe, golfer
Luke Donald, golfer
Matt Fitzpatrick, golfer
David Lipsky, golfer
David Merkow, golfer
Hockey
Rocky Wirtz, owner of the Chicago Blackhawks
Horse racing
David Israel (B.S.J. 1973), former chair of the California Horse Racing Board, former president of the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Commission
Race car driving
Paul Dana, former race car driver in the Indy Racing League
Soccer
Tyler Miller, professional soccer player
Brad North, soccer player (D.C. United)
Swimming
Sybil Bauer, swimmer, gold medalist at the 1924 Summer Olympics in the 100 m backstroke
Matt Grevers, winner of four gold and two silver Olympic medals in multiple events in 2008 and 2012
Bob Skelton, 1924 Olympic gold medalist in 200-meter breaststroke
Jordan Wilimovsky, 2015 World Champion in the 10 km open water race
Tennis
Katrina Adams, tennis player, former president of the USTA
Audra Cohen, 2007 NCAA women's singles champion (never graduated)
Grant Golden (1929-2018), tennis player
Clark Graebner, tennis player
Seymour Greenberg (1920-2006), tennis player
Judy Ade Levering, first woman President of the United States Tennis Association (USTA 1999–2000)
Todd Martin, tennis player
Marty Riessen, tennis player
Track and field
Jim Golliday, track
Betty Robinson, Track and Field, gold medalist in the 1928 Summer Olympics and the 1936 Summer Olympics
Annette Rogers, sprinter
Professional softball
Tammy Williams, shortstop, won world championship with Team USA in 2010 and National Pro Fastpitch championship with Chicago Bandits in 2011
Wrestling
Jake Herbert, Olympian, USA amateur wrestler
Controversies
In May 2006 the website BadJocks.com republished photos a reader had found on Webshots of the women's soccer team hazing its freshmen. The whole team was suspended for a time as a result. In the wake of the incident, Head Coach Jenny Haigh resigned. Since, Athletic Director Mark Murphy named Stephanie Erickson, the school's all-time leader in goals and points, as Haigh's replacement.
References
External links |
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