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4043109 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odin%20%28Wizard%20album%29 | Odin (Wizard album) | Odin is a concept album about Norse mythology by the German power metal band Wizard.
Track listing
All songs written & arranged by Wizard. All lyrics written by Volker Leson.
"The Prophecy" - 5:19
"Betrayer" - 4:53
"Dead Hope" - 6:02
"Dark God" - 5:43
"Loki's Punishment" - 5:08
"Beginning of the End" - 4:01
"Thor's Hammer" - 5:01
"Hall of Odin" - 5:06
"The Powergod" - 5:21
"March of the Einheriers" - 5:40
"End of All" - 3:53
The limited-edition also contains the following songs:
"Ultimate War" - 4:52
"Golden Dawn" - 5:05
Personnel
Sven D'Anna – vocals
Michael Maass – guitar
Volker Leson – bass
Sören van Heek – drums
2003 albums
Wizard (German band) albums
Limb Music albums
Concept albums
Norse mythology in music |
4043114 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Short%20Reign%20of%20Pippin%20IV | The Short Reign of Pippin IV | The Short Reign of Pippin IV: A Fabrication is a novel by John Steinbeck published in 1957; his only political satire, the book pokes fun at French politics.
Plot summary
Pippin IV explores the life of Pippin Héristal, an amateur astronomer in 1950s France, who is suddenly proclaimed the King of France. Unknowingly appointed to give the Communists a monarchy to revolt against, Pippin is chosen because he was descended from the famous king Charlemagne. Unhappy with his lack of privacy, alteration of family life, uncomfortable housings at the Palace of Versailles and his lack of power as a constitutional monarch, the protagonist spends a portion of the novel dressing up as a commoner, often riding a motorscooter, to avoid the constrained life of a king. Pippin eventually receives his wish of dethronement after the people of France enact the rebellion Pippin's kingship was destined to receive. He returns to his home in Paris to find that nothing has really changed.
Characters
Pippin Arnulf Héristal - protagonist of the story; he is an amateur astronomer whose bloodline traces back to King Pippin II and to Charlemagne. He later becomes the King of France.
Marie, Pippin's wife - a practical, buxom woman who becomes Queen of France in a down-to-earth fashion. She likens managing the kingdom to managing a home.
Clotilde, Pippin's daughter - a best-selling author, inspiration for a religious movement, intellectual prodigy, and Crown Princess, all by the age of twenty. She is a stereotypical youth, clumsy and frivolous.
Charles Martel - Pippin's uncle, an art and antique dealer who shares a name with the historical figure, an ancient member of his family. He often advises Pippin on tough situations.
Sister Hyacinthe (née Suzanne Lescault) - a former cabaret performer-turned-nun who provides sage advice to Marie and Pippin.
Tod Johnson - a young American traveling in Europe who becomes involved with Clotilde; heir to a large fortune from his father, H. W. Johnson, the "Egg King of Petaluma, California". He introduces Pippin to the American way of politics.
References
Further reading
The Literary Encyclopedia article on The Short Reign of Pippin IV
Ditsky, John. "Some Sense of Mission: Steinbeck's The Short Reign of Pippin IV Reconsidered." Steinbeck Quarterly 16.03-04 (Summer/Fall 1983): 77-89.
Owens, Louis. "Winter in Paris: John Steinbeck's Pippin IV." Steinbeck Quarterly 20.01-02 (Winter/Spring 1987): 18-25.
External links
1957 American novels
American satirical novels
Novels by John Steinbeck
Novels set in France
Political satire books
Fictional French people
Fictional kings
Viking Press books |
4043124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeck | Zeck | Zeck is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Arnold Zeck, a fictional character in the Nero Wolfe crime novels by Rex Stout
Emil Hermann Zeck (1891–1963), Australian entomologist and scientific illustrator
Mike Zeck (born 1949), American comic book illustrator
Nick Zeck (born 1983), American football player |
4043130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.3 | X.3 | X.3 is an ITU-T standard indicating what functions are to be performed by a Packet Assembler/Disassembler (PAD) when connecting character-mode data terminal equipment (DTE), such as a computer terminal, to a packet switched network such as an X.25 network, and specifying the parameters that control this operation.
The following is list of X.3 parameters associated with a PAD:
1 PAD recall using a character
2 Echo
3 Selection of data forwarding character
4 Selection of idle timer delay
5 Ancillary device control
6 Control of PAD service signals
7 Operation on receipt of break signal
8 Discard output
9 Padding after carriage return
10 Line folding
11 DTE speed
12 Flow control of the PAD
13 Linefeed insertion after carriage return
14 Padding after linefeed
15 Editing
16 Character delete
17 Line delete
18 Line display
19 Editing PAD service signals
20 Echo mask
21 Parity treatment
22 Page wait
References
External links
X.3 standard at ITU site
Cisco Web Page Definition of X.3 parameters
Networking standards
X.25 |
4043133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheltonian%20Society | Cheltonian Society | An Old Cheltonian (O.C.) is a former pupil of Cheltenham College, a public school in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England. The organisation based at the College which coordinates O.C. activity is called the Cheltonian Society. The Cheltonian Society is an all-inclusive organisation for everyone who has an association with College or The Prep.
Service
Fourteen Old Cheltonians have won the Victoria Cross. One has won the George Cross. Many have served with distinction and at high ranks in the armed forces, government and various walks of public life. (See the Cheltenham College page for details.)
References
External links
The Cheltonian Society - the official website of The Cheltonian Society. |
4043136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Marsa | La Marsa | La Marsa ( ) is a coastal town in far north eastern Tunisia near the capital Tunis. The population is estimated as 92,987, as of 2014. The old summer capital of pre-colonial Tunisia, it is today a popular vacation spot for many wealthy Tunisians. It is connected to Tunis by the TGM railway. Gammarth is adjacent to El Marsa further up the coast.
History
Ancient Carthage was a Semitic civilization centered on the Phoenician city-state of Carthage, located in North Africa on the Gulf of Tunis, outside what is now Tunis, Tunisia. It was founded in 814 BC. Originally a dependency of the Phoenician state of Tyre, Carthage gained independence around 650 BC and established a hegemony over other Phoenician settlements throughout the Mediterranean, North Africa and what is now Spain which lasted until the end of the 3rd century BC. At the height of the city's prominence, its political influence extended over most of the western Mediterranean and it was one of the major trade hubs.
For much of its history, Carthage was in a constant state of struggle with the Greeks on Sicily and the Roman Republic, which led to a series of armed conflicts known as the Sicilian Wars and Punic Wars. They also had to deal with the volatile Berbers, the indigenous inhabitants of the entire area where Carthage was built. In 146 BC, after the third and final Punic War, Carthage was destroyed and then occupied by Roman forces. Nearly all of the other Phoenician city-states and former Carthaginian dependencies fell into Roman hands from then on.
Attractions
Abdalliya Palace is one of the most lavish creations Hafsid dynasty sultans. Built in the early sixteenth century by one of their last sovereign, Abu Abdallah Mohamed, this palace stands on the ancient port site of El Marsa. This place of remembrance and history is one of the few monuments Hafsid Tunisia. It is the oldest evidence of Muslim architecture Palatine remained in good state of conservation of the Maghreb.
Education
La Marsa houses the following French international schools:
Lycée Gustave Flaubert
École Paul-Verlaine
They are a part of the Etablissement Régional De La Marsa (ELRM) which has 7 schools in Tunisia as members.
La Marsa also houses four primary schools:
École primaire Habib Bourguiba
École primaire Nahj el Ward
École primaire El Tabbek
École primaire El Riadh
La Marsa also houses 3 middle schools:
Collège fadhel ben achour
Collège tayeb mhiri
Collège Rmila
Transport
Tunis-Goulette-Marsa (TGM) is a 19 km light rail line linking the capital Tunis with El Marsa via La Goulette.
The TGM was the first railway in Tunisia and inaugurated in 1872. Since 1905 it has been known as the TGM. It is part of the transportation system of the Tunis area, and together with the light rail of Tunis (Le métro léger de Tunis) managed by the Société des transports de Tunis (Transtu). Transtu was founded in 2003 by joining the Société du métro léger de Tunis (SMLT, founded 1981) and the Société nationale de transports (SNT, founded 1963).
Transports that passes through the N9 Highway:
The bus line N°20 from Tunis Passage to La Marsa El Riadh, managed by the Société des transports de Tunis (Transtu)
The bus line TCV from Tunis Passage to La Marsa Sidi Abdelaziz managed by a private company (Transport En Commun De Voyageur)
The collective taxi (Taxi jama3i), it is the fastest way to go to La Marsa from Tunis
Sport
AS Marsa
Avenir Sportif de El Marsa (Arabic: المستقبل الرياضي بالمرسى, often referred to as ASM) is a football club from El Marsa in Tunisia.
Founded in 1939, the team plays in green and yellow colours. Their ground is Stade Abdelaziz Chtioui, which has a capacity of 6,000. When
the club was founded its name was Club Musulman (Muslim Club).
Stade Abdelaziz Chtioui
Stade Abdelaziz Chtioui (Arabic: ملعب عبدالعزيز شتوي) is a football stadium in El Marsa, Tunisia. It is currently used by football team Avenir Sportif de El Marsa commonly called the AS Marsa. The stadium holds 6,000 people.
References
External links
View of El Marsa
Lexicorient
La Goulette - Carthage - El Marsa
Populated places in Tunis Governorate
Populated coastal places in Tunisia
Communes of Tunisia |
4043140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Marsa%2C%20Algiers | El Marsa, Algiers | El Marsa is a town in Algiers Province, Algeria. The population is 11,860.
Postal Code
The postal code is 16020.
Notable people
References
Populated places in Algiers Province |
4043152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VFA-2 | VFA-2 | Strike Fighter Squadron 2 (VFA-2) also known as the "Bounty Hunters" is a United States Navy F/A-18F Super Hornet strike fighter squadron based at Naval Air Station Lemoore, California. Their tail code is NE and their callsign is "Bullet". They are attached to Carrier Air Wing 2 (CVW-2), a composite unit made up of a wide array of aircraft performing a variety of combat and support missions that deploy aboard the .
History
Four distinct squadrons have been designated VF-2. Officially, the US Navy does not recognize a direct lineage with disestablished squadrons if a new squadron is formed with the same designation. Often, the new squadron will assume the nickname, insignia, and traditions of the earlier squadrons.
1970s
VF-2, known as the "Bounty Hunters," was established on 14 October 1972 flying the F-14A Tomcat. VF-2 completed aircrew training and received its first Tomcats in July 1973, attaining full strength of 12 F-14As in the spring of 1974.
VF-2's initial deployment was in 1974 with her sister squadron VF-1 aboard . The squadron flew over Saigon in support of Operation Frequent Wind, the evacuation of US personnel in April, 1975.
Deployed on USS Enterprise Westpac 1978 Ports of call: Pearl Harbor Hawaii, Subic Bay Philippines, Singapore, Perth Australia, Hong Kong
1980s
VF-2 was assigned to for the September 1980 deployment, 4 months of which were spent in the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf during the Iran hostage crisis.
The squadron was the first Tactical Air Reconnaissance Pod System (TARPS) unit for both CVW-14 and later CVW-2.
VF-2 deployed aboard in 1984 and returned for multiple Ranger deployments throughout the 1980s.
On 2 June 1984, VF-2 became the first squadron to launch an F-14 from an aircraft carrier while towing an air-to-air gunnery target. In 1987, the squadron logged Ranger’s 260,000th landing.
1990s
The unit participated in Operation Desert Storm, flying over 500 combat mission from USS Ranger operating in the Persian Gulf. VF-2 performed escort, reconnaissance and Combat Air Patrol (CAP) missions. After the 1992-1993 cruise, USS Ranger was decommissioned (along with VF-2’s sister squadron VF-1), and VF-2 was switched to the . At the same time, VF-2 transitioned to the F-14D Tomcat. Several months after the 1995 cruise, VF-2 was awarded the battle "E" and relocated from NAS Miramar to NAS Oceana due to a Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) decision to make Miramar a Marine Corps Air Station.
In April 1996, VF-2's F-14Ds were modified to carry the LANTIRN infrared targeting pod, giving them precision strike capabilities.
During their 1999 cruise, VF-2 supported Operation Southern Watch and on September 9, attacked Surface-to-Air Missile sites and anti-aircraft guns around Basra. The same day, a VF-2 Tomcat engaged 2 Iraqi Air Force MiG-23’s that were heading south into the No-Fly Zone from Al-Taqaddum Air Base, west of Baghdad with AIM-54 Phoenixes. The missiles did not score as the MiGs turned north once they detected the missile launch.
2000s
In mid 2001, VF-2 deployed aboard in support of Operation Southern Watch.
During the 2002-2003 deployment, the final cruise with the Tomcat, VF-2 participated in Operation Iraqi Freedom flying a wide range of missions including reconnaissance, close air support, CAP and strike missions. On February 28, 2003, during Operation Southern Watch, a VF-2 aircraft delivered the 1st Tomcat JDAM in combat. During this deployment, VF-2 flew 483 sorties and dropped 294 Laser-guided bomb's/JDAMs/MK-82 bombs.
On 1 July 2003, VF-2 was redesignated VFA-2, and began transition to the F/A-18F Super Hornet receiving its first aircraft on 6 October 2003.
VFA-2 deployed to the Western Pacific aboard with CVW-2 in October, 2004. They returned in March 2005 after supporting Operation Unified Assistance which provided humanitarian support to Southeast Asia after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
In 2006, VFA-2 and CVW-2 embarked on a WESTPAC deployment.
On 13 March 2008, VFA-2 embarked with CVW-2 aboard USS Abraham Lincoln on a 7-month deployment to the Persian Gulf, returning home on 8 October.
2010s
Between 24 and 31 March 2006, during Foal Eagle 2006 exercises, strike squadrons VFA-2, VFA-34, VFA-137, and VFA-151 teamed with U.S. Air Force aircraft from the 18th Wing based at Kadena Air Base to provide combat air patrols and coordinated bombing runs via the exercise's Combined Air Operations Center.
On 11 September 2010, VFA-2 deployed with CVW-2 aboard USS Abraham Lincoln to the Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf.
The squadron has transitioned to newer Block II F/A-18F Super Hornet equipped with the AESA radar.
2020s
The squadrons current Commanding Officer, CDR Timmester, will be the last navy squadron commander to have flown in the F-14 Tomcat.
See also
Naval aviation
Military aviation
List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons
List of Inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
VF-2 (1927-42)
VF-2 (1943-5)
References
External links
Strike fighter squadrons of the United States Navy
Military units and formations in California |
5379749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aravane%20Reza%C3%AF | Aravane Rezaï | Aravane Rezaï (; Arghavān-e Rezāyi , born 14 March 1987) is an Iranian–French tennis player. She has defeated many top players on the WTA Tour, such as Justine Henin, Venus Williams, Victoria Azarenka, Maria Sharapova, Dinara Safina, Francesca Schiavone, Caroline Wozniacki, Marion Bartoli, Flavia Pennetta, Jelena Janković and Ai Sugiyama. Her career-high ranking was No. 15, achieved on 11 October 2010.
Personal life
Rezaï was born to Iranian parents in Saint-Étienne. She took up tennis after a childhood stint as her older brother's ball girl.
Career
2001–2008
Rezaï competed for Iran at the Women's Islamic Games, winning gold in 2001 and 2005. She also won the Chambon-sur-Lignon Open in 2004.
Rezaï started playing for France in 2006. For the second year in a row, she lost in the qualifying rounds of the Australian Open. However, her French Open run was more successful. She struggled through to the third round of the tournament, defeating Ai Sugiyama of Japan along the way. She fell to Nicole Vaidišová, in a hard-fought three-setter. Her Wimbledon dreams were also put on hold as she fell in the first round of qualifying. At the US Open, she reached the fourth round, her career best Grand Slam singles result. She also competed on the ITF Circuit throughout the year, reaching the final of two tournaments, as well as winning one in the later part of the year on the hard courts of France.
Her 2007 year started poorly, reaching the second round only twice in her first thirteen tournaments on tour, including a first-round loss at the Australian Open. At the International clay tournament of Istanbul, Rezaï reached the final by beating world No. 29 Venus Williams in the second round (6–4, 6–4) and world No. 2 Maria Sharapova in the semifinal (6–2, 6–4). In the final she lost to Elena Dementieva due to retiring, trailing 6–7, 0–3.
In spite of her good performance in the İstanbul, she lost the week after 6–2, 6–4 to countrywoman Marion Bartoli in the first round of the French Open. In her first appearance in Wimbledon she defeated Shenay Perry from the U.S. 6–2, 7–6, and Francesca Schiavone, the 29th seed, in the second round, 6–4, 2–6, 6–4. However, in the third round she was defeated by Ana Ivanovic 6–3, 6–2. At the US Open in the second round, she once again lost to Ivanovic. She ended an appalling year with yet another ITF title in Deauville, France, losing only one set en route to her victory.
Rezaï reached the final of the ASB Classic in Auckland despite being unseeded. She lost to Lindsay Davenport 2–6, 2–6. Her year stagnated with early losses in the first and second rounds of tournaments, however, and her only other grand success of the year came on the clay of Morocco in mid-spring, where she reached the semifinals before falling to Gisela Dulko.
At the Australian Open, Rezaï reached the third round, beating 13th seed Tatiana Golovin in the second round 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 before losing to Hsieh Su-wei 2–6, 7–6, 4–6. Her Grand Slam results for the rest of the year were disappointing. At the French Open, she fell to Nadia Petrova in the first round. At Wimbledon, she faced Gisela Dulko. She pushed Dulko to three sets, but eventually fell 6–1, 0–6, 2–6. The US Open started well as she defeated American Asia Muhammad 6–2, 6–4. However, she fell in the second round to Sybille Bammer, 1–6, 5–7.
2009
Rezaï won the first WTA title of her career in Strasbourg, beating Lucie Hradecká 7–6, 6–1 in the final. Despite a first-round loss at the Australian Open, she flew to the fourth round of the French Open after defeating Michelle Larcher de Brito 7–6, 6–2, but lost to world No. 1 Dinara Safina 1–6, 0–6, effectively putting an end to her participation in Roland-Garros. At Wimbledon, she beat Ayumi Morita 6–2, 6–2 but then lost to fourth seed Elena Dementieva 1–6, 3–6.
In the first round of Rogers Cup, she defeated Alizé Cornet 6–4, 7–5. In the second round, she made the biggest upset of the tournament by defeating world No. 1, Dinara Safina, 3–6, 6–2, 6–4. In the third round, she was defeated by Alisa Kleybanova in two sets 6–3, 6–4. Rezaï then lost at the US Open to Sabine Lisicki in the first round, her earliest loss ever at Flushing Meadows.
At the Toray Pan Pacific Open in Tokyo, Rezaï won her opening match in straight sets, defeating Sara Errani 6–2, 6–2. In the second round she lost to Marion Bartoli 4–6, 2–6.
Seeded tenth at the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions, Rezaï won her first round-robin match against fourth seed Sabine Lisicki 6–1, 3–6, 4–6, then beat Melinda Czink in her second match 6–3, 7–5 to make her the first player to advance to the semifinals of the inaugural event. She then went on to the semifinals, where she beat María José Martínez Sánchez 6–2, 6–3. In the final she faced Marion Bartoli and won the first set 7–5 before Bartoli retired. Because of her performance Rezaï reached a new career high of world No. 26.
2010
Her first tournament of the year was the ASB Classic, where she was seeded No. 7. In the first round she beat fellow countrywoman Julie Coin 6–4, 6–3. At match point the lights in the stadium went out, but they were fixed shortly after and Rezaï closed out the match. In the second round she was defeated by Dominika Cibulková 6–3, 6–4.
Her next tournament was the Medibank International Sydney. Rezaï won her first-round match against Anna-Lena Grönefeld 6–7, 6–2, 6–2, then faced Ágnes Szávay, whom she defeated 6–3, 7–6. In the quarterfinals she beat Flavia Pennetta 6–3, 6–0; in the semifinal she faced world No. 1, Serena Williams. She began strong, leading in the match by 6–3, 5–2, and was two points away from victory, but ended up losing 6–3, 5–7, 4–6.
Rezaï was seeded No. 26 for the Australian Open. She won her first-round match against Sania Mirza 6–4, 6–2, but was then defeated in the second round by Angelique Kerber 6–2, 6–3. In the doubles draw she partnered with Sabine Lisicki, but they lost in the first round.
Her next tournament was the Open GDF Suez, where she was seeded No. 5. She won her first round match against qualifier Evgeniya Rodina 6–4, 6–4. In the second round she faced Andrea Petkovic, getting upset 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 and spoiling her chance to play Elena Dementieva in the quarterfinals. She lost in the next round.
At the Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open, Rezaï caused a huge upset in the first round, defeating the former world No. 1 and four-time French Open champion Justine Henin 4–6, 7–5, 6–0. In the second round, she won her match against Klára Zakopalová 6–3, 7–5, then defeated Andrea Petkovic in two sets 6–4, 7–6 (10–8). Rezaï pulled off a major fourth-round upset by defeating Jelena Janković in two straight sets 7–5, 6–4. In the semifinal she won against Lucie Šafářová (6–1, ret.) reaching the most important final in her career. She defeated Venus Williams in the final 6–2, 7–5, coming back from a 2–5 deficit and overcoming numerous set points to win. She then to the French Open with improved odds. Because of her performance at Mutua Madrileña, Rezaï reached a new high career ranking as No. 16. Seeded 15th at the French Open, Rezaï fell to No. 19 Nadia Petrova in the third round in three sets.
On grass Rezaï played at the Aegon Classic, cruising through the semifinals without dropping a set, but fell to eventual champion Li Na 1–6, 6–3, 3–6. She then played at the Aegon International, where she upset top seed Caroline Wozniacki 6–4, 1–6, 6–3 in the first round before retiring against María José Martínez Sánchez in the second round, down 6–2, 3–0. At the Wimbledon Championships, as the 18th seed, she was upset by Klára Zakopalová 5–7, 6–3, 6–3 in the second round.
At the Swedish Open Rezaï cruised through the finals with wins over Arantxa Parra Santonja and Lucie Šafářová, finally facing Gisela Dulko. Rezaï won 6–3, 4–6, 6–4, despite giving up a 4–0 lead in the third set.
At the Cincinnati Masters, Rezaï was upset by world No. 98 Bojana Jovanovski 4–6, 6–3, 6–4; even though she had "breathtaking" strokes, her serve was erratic with a high number of unforced errors.
Her disappointing level of play continued right up until the end of her season, as she lost in the first round of the Tournament of Champions. She won the title in 2009 but lost to Alisa Kleybanova in the first round 1–6, 2–6.
2011
Rezaï obtained an invite from the Hong Kong Tennis Patrons' Association to play in the Hong Kong Tennis Classic with Caroline Wozniacki and Stefan Edberg for Team Europe, but they lost to Team Russia (including Vera Zvonareva, Maria Kirilenko and Yevgeny Kafelnikov) in the final of Gold Group.
She started off the year with a win over world No. 8 Jelena Janković 7–5, 2–6, 6–3 but lost in the second round to Bojana Jovanovski 6–7, 6–7.
Seeded 17th, Rezaï competed at the Australian Open. She lost in the first round to Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová of the Czech Republic 0–6, 6–3, 5–7.
Rezaï lost in the first round of the Monterrey Open to Alla Kudryavtseva 2–6, 1–6.
At the BNP Paribas Open, she reached the third round before being defeated by Maria Sharapova in straight sets, losing 2–6, 2–6.
She lost in the first round of the Sony Ericsson Open in Miami to Peng Shuai 0–6, 4–6.
Her poor form continued onto the start of the clay-court season. She lost in the first round of the Andalucia Tennis Experience in Marbella to world No. 258 Estrella Cabeza Candela 3–6, 0–6.
She returned to form at Dallas WTA tournament, where she reached the final.
2012–2014
Rezaï started her year playing in Auckland, where she lost in the first round to Peng Shuai. In Sydney, she was forced to retire in the qualifying draw. She would also go on to falling in round one of the Australian Open. She would then go on to losing in the qualifying of both Indian Wells and Miami, and fall in round two in Clearwater.
At the French Open, Rezaï she lost in the first round to Romanian Irina-Camelia Begu three sets (5–7, 7–5, 2–6). She reached two ITF finals this year with a victory in final at the Open 88 tournament in Contrexéville. Against Austrian Yvonne Meusburger, she won in three sets (6–3, 2–6, 6–3).
Rezaï lost in the first round of the French Open to Petra Kvitová, 3–6, 6–4, 2–6, and also in the first qualifying round of the Wimbledon to Mariana Duque Mariño, 6–4, 3–6, 3–6.
She lost in the first qualifying round of the Australian Open to Alla Kudryavtseva 4–6, 2–6.
2015–present: return to professional tennis
Rezaï announced her return to professional tennis after more than one-year absence, by taking a wildcard into the qualifying draw of the French Open, losing to compatriot Julie Coin in the first round. Later that year, she played only two tournaments in Europe, losing in the early rounds in both.
Rezaï did not play a tournament again until 2017, when she played a total of three ITF tournaments in France, but won only one match across the three, against Maria Novikova. She played one tournament each in November 2018 (in Luxembourg) and in July 2019 (in France), again falling in the early rounds of each.
Significant finals
Tournament of Champions
Singles: 1 (1 title)
Premier Mandatory/Premier 5 tournaments
Singles: 1 (1 title)
WTA career finals
Singles: 7 (4–3)
ITF career finals
Singles: 12 (8–4)
Performance timeline
Political support
Rezaï told the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting that she supported Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. When the reporter asked her "Do you like Mr. Ahmadinejad?" and "why?", she responded that "Yes, I do a lot. Because he has shown Iran's power to the whole world and I am really proud of him."
In this interview, she also affirmed having presented two of her tennis rackets as a gift to Ahmadinejad. The footage of Rezaï presenting her tennis rackets to Ahmadinejad was used in his official campaign advertisement video during his 2009 presidential election campaign.
Father's controversies
Rezaï's father, Arsalan Rezaï, who was a member of her coaching team, has repeatedly been the focus of controversial allegations of violence and abuse. In one interview, Aravane said, "I had really difficult moments, lots of sacrifices. I remember playing outside in the rain and snow." Her father mentioned the concern neighbours had about his training methods: "I had lots of problems to train this girl: lack of money and lack of courts. There were neighbours who bothered us. They accused me, saying that this man was killing this child. But today she's not dead. She's happy."
At one point, the French Tennis Federation was forced to employ bodyguards to prevent Arsalan from attacking other competitors' fathers. In one 2006 incident, Arsalan attacked Sergey Vesnin, the father of Elena Vesnina, and then accidentally hit his own daughter with a racquet. Aravane was denied training funds that are typically available to all French players, and she was also banned in 2007 from training with other players at Roland Garros because of her father's dispute with the French Fed Cup captain.
Just prior to her loss in the first round of the 2011 Australian Open, Arsalan was violent to his daughter and threatened her boyfriend. After losing the match, Aravane said, "I do not want to look for excuses but I had a lot of trouble on the morning of the match." The WTA banned Arsalan from the tour indefinitely, pending investigation. The incident was also investigated by the Victoria police.
Playing style
Aravane Rezaï is well known for her hard hitting games and hits the ball with immense power; players often cite her as finishing the point a lot quicker. Jelena Janković stated after her quarterfinal against Rezaï in Madrid. "Aravane hits every ball hard, no matter if it is a high or low ball you don't know where she is going to hit it. I have played players who hits the ball hard but not like Aravane. Even if I hit the ball high she is so aggressive." Venus Williams also said "Wow, what can I say? Aravane is a very hard hitter; obviously she was brought up playing on clay courts but I can not get over how hard she hits that tennis ball. She is a player to watch out for in the future. I do have warnings to other top players: watch out for her."
See also
Muslim women in sport
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Saint-Étienne
People from Neuchâtel
French female tennis players
French expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
French people of Iranian descent
Iranian female tennis players |
4043191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail%20Class%20126 | British Rail Class 126 | The British Rail Class 126 diesel multiple unit was built by BR Swindon Works in 1959/60 to work services from Glasgow to Ayrshire and comprised 22 3-car sets and were a development of the earlier Swindon-built trainsets that had been introduced in 1955 to work the Edinburgh Waverley - Glasgow Queen St services. These vehicles formed the first Inter City service to be operated by diesel units in Great Britain.
The introduction of these early diesel multiple units originated in a British Transport Commission report of 1952 that suggested the trial use of diesel railcars. BR's Swindon Works were chosen to design and build express units for the ex-North British Railway Edinburgh Waverley to Glasgow Queen Street route.
Description
The cars were of integral steel construction using the bodywork as a stressed member, as opposed to the contemporary Mk1 coach design which relied on the strength of a trussed underframe. The design featured Pullman gangways and buckeye couplings.
Each of the two power cars was fitted with two AEC 150 hp underfloor engines with mechanical transmission giving a maximum speed of 70 mph. Initially termed "Inter-urban", this was soon changed to "Inter-City" long before that branding was used for mainline express services. The type was intended for longer distance services and a number of buffet vehicles were included in the orders. One of the buffet vehicles survives in preservation.
These trains had two completely different front-end designs: either a full-width cab or a half-cab with central gangway connection. The latter "intermediate" driving car allowed through access within a six-car set. Neither end featured any destination blinds or marker lights, only a box holding a stencil indicating the train classification (A, B or C; later changed to 1, 2 or 3). Power car seating was of the "open" saloon arrangement with compartment seating in the trailers. A unique multiple working control system (coded White Circle) was employed. Unlike other classes, each power car produced its own control air supply and was thus incompatible with any other.
The second batch was closely based on the 1956 stock. One big improvement was that the guard's van was moved to the rear of the coach giving passengers a forward view. Four-character headcode displays were fitted; the intermediate power cars having a two-character box either side of the gangway. Destination blinds and marker lights were not incorporated.
Operations
The first series (79xxx numbered) were introduced to Glasgow Queen St to Edinburgh Waverley services, including those operating via Falkirk Grahamston, in January 1957; the units were allocated to Leith Central depot following its conversion from the closed railway station in 1956. However, the first six three-car sets worked their first three years on Western Region on Birmingham–South Wales services. There was criticism of the lack of a forward view for passengers and also of the plain "utility" appearance of the non-gangwayed cab front. The usual E. & G. formation was a six-car set with two trailers together in the centre of the train. The class usually stuck to this route but could appear on other services from time to time.
The second series (5xxxx numbered) were introduced on Ayrshire Coast services in August 1959 working services to Ayr and points south including Girvan and Stranraer and coastal services to Largs and Ardrossan. These units were allocated to Ayr and were operated as 3-car half sets combining to form a full 6-car trainset; the outer ends had full width windows whilst the inner ends had gangways with side windows and a side cab driving position.
The 1970s saw the first class accommodation downgraded. Being of a non-standard design, the class was not included in the DMU refurbishment programme and so remained in close-to-original condition. The main alteration was the plating over of the outer gangway connection on the DMS vehicles in 1979–81, following drivers' complaints of draughts.
The original units (79xxx series) on the Edinburgh - Glasgow services were displaced by push-pull services powered by top 'n tail Class 27s in 1971 and all were withdrawn by 1972, except for four cars transferred to Ayr. The Ayrshire Coast stock fared rather better, surviving almost intact until mass withdrawals in the early 1980s, the last two units being withdrawn in January 1983. Although used on various other routes out of Glasgow in their final years, these 126s remained closely identified with the Ayr line until displacement by a mixture of loco-hauled trains and other DMUs. Electrification meant that DMU operations on the Ayrshire routes finally ended in 1986 with the introduction of Class 318 EMUs.
Post-BR use
Five of the ex-E&G leading power cars were overhauled and exported to Liberia for use by LAMCO mining company for staff trains.
Preservation
Four vehicles (51017, 51043, 59404 from the Ayrshire build & 79443 from the Edinburgh to Glasgow sets) survive in preservation, owned by the Scottish Railway Preservation Society and based at the Bo'ness & Kinneil Railway. The three Ayrshire vehicles have been completely overhauled inside and out with the assistance of the Heritage Lottery Fund and are currently in early DMU Green livery. They were most recently featured at the 2019 Winter Diesel Gala.
A buffet car from the earlier batch (79443) is currently undergoing complete restoration.
Three other vehicles (59098, 59099 & 79441) went to heritage lines but have now been cut up for spares.
Numbering
1956 batch
1959 batch
References
External links
Swindon Diesel Preservation Society
126
Train-related introductions in 1959 |
4043193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defender-class%20boat | Defender-class boat | {|
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Name= Defender class
|Builders=SAFE Boats International
|Class before=
|Class after=
|Subclasses=Defender "A" Class
Defender "B" Class
Defender "C" Class
|Operators= See Operators
|Cost=
|Built range=
|In service range=2002–Present
|In commission range=
|Total ships building=
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships completed= 800
|Total ships cancelled=
|Total ships active= 800
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=
|Total ships retired=
|Total ships preserved=
}}
|}
The Defender-class boat, also called Response Boat – Small (RB-S) and Response Boat – Homeland Security (RB-HS), is a standard boat introduced by the United States Coast Guard in 2002. The boats serve a variety of missions, including search and rescue, port security and law enforcement duties and replaces a variety of smaller non-standard boats.
The design length of the hull is 25 feet and the boat is officially referred to as such. However, the overall length with engines mounted is approximately . Powered by twin outboard motors, they are capable of speeds in excess of and have a range of 150 to , depending on the class. The boat requires a minimum crew of two persons, but has a carrying capacity for 10 persons. The boat is easily trailerable and can be transported by a C-130 Hercules aircraft or truck.
Although similar in appearance to a rigid-hulled inflatable boat, the Defender is actually an aluminum-hulled vessel, equipped with a rigid foam-filled flotation collar. The first generation of boats were built by SAFE Boats International'' (Secure All-around Flotation Equipped) of Bremerton, Washington, a vendor of government and law enforcement boats. The replacement second generation was ordered in 2011 from Metal Shark Boats.
Design
The Defender class utilizes a rigid deep-V hull constructed of marine grade aluminum. While similar in appearance to the sponson of a rigid-hulled inflatable boat the Defender's collar is actually made from rigid polyethylene foam. The boat is powered by two outboard engines, usually Honda four-strokes though Mercury and Johnson engines have also been used. Tow bitts are fitted forward and aft which also serve as mounting points for M240B or M60 machine guns.
Variants
A class
The Defender A class or Response Boat - Homeland Security (RB-HS) was the first version of the Defender class and entered service in 2002. Some A-class boats in service with the Maritime Security Response Team (MSRT) have gray collars instead of the more common orange.
B class
The Defender B-class, also known as the Response Boat - Small (RB-S) is a further development of the A class. First entering service in 2003 it has a slightly longer cabin, additional spotter windows aft, shock mitigating cabin seats, a smaller 105 gallon fuel tank, and various other minor changes. It is the most common of the three classes.
C class
The Defender C class, sometimes known as the Response Boat Small - Charlie, is a modification of the B class and was designed as a replacement for the aging Transportable Port Security Boats (TPSB) currently used by Port Security Units. The C class has a gray foam collar, a cabin climate control system, and an increased armament of one M2HB .50-caliber machine gun on a modified forward mount and two M240B machine guns on port and starboard mounts just aft of the cabin.
The first C-class boats were delivered to Port Security Unit 305 in May 2008 for testing and entered operational service at Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, Cuba in 2009.
Service life and replacement
With the Defender-class boats nearing the end of their 10-year service life, the Coast Guard issued a request for proposal for replacement design for the Response Boat-Small. The request called for a 25–30 foot boat, with weapon mounts, a minimum speed of 40 knots, and a range of at least 150 nautical miles.
Contracts were awarded for two boats, one from SAFE Boats International and one from Metal Shark Aluminum Boats, for testing and on September 26, 2011 the Coast Guard awarded a contract to Metal Shark Boats for the production of 38 Response Boats-Small. In November, Metal Shark was awarded a $192 million contract for up to 500 response boats—470 to replace the entirety of the Coast Guard's 2002-built fleet, 20 for the US Border Patrol, and 10 for the US Navy.
Operators
(coast guard)
Israel Police
Liberian Coast Guard
Togolese Armed Forces operates one
United States Navy
See also
Equipment of the United States Coast Guard
Response boat-medium
References
External links
U.S. Coast Guard: Response boat-small fact sheet (PDF)
Defender
Deployable Operations Group |
5379764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elton%20John%20Band | Elton John Band | The Elton John Band is the band that backs singer, composer and pianist Elton John on both studio and live recordings. The various lineups of the band have consisted of both English and American musicians. The band is often not recognised as a formal entity, and is instead referred to simply as the Elton John Band.
The band was formed by John in 1970 and has gone through several lineup changes, but Nigel Olsson, Davey Johnstone, and Ray Cooper have been members (albeit not continuously) since 1970, 1971 and 1973 respectively. John Mahon joined the band in 1997, and Kim Bullard and Matt Bissonette joined the band in 2009 and 2012 respectively. The most commercially successful period of the band was the 1970s, which included best-selling albums including Honky Château (1972), Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player (1973), Goodbye Yellow Brick Road (1973) and John's first Greatest Hits compilation — the latter two among the official best-selling albums worldwide.
John has performed with his band over 4,000 times since the group's formation, beginning with the Elton John 1970 World Tour and concluding with the ongoing Farewell Yellow Brick Road tour, which began in 2018 and will wrap up in 2023. John and Cooper also toured outside of the band as a duo between 1977 and 2012.
Career
The Elton John Band was formed in 1970, and was initially a trio consisting of Elton John on piano and vocals, Dee Murray on bass and backing vocals, and Nigel Olsson on drums and backing vocals. Murray and Olsson first appeared together on disc with John on the song "Amoreena" from the 1970 studio album Tumbleweed Connection. The following year, they were featured on the live album 17-11-70.
Davey Johnstone, who had previously played on John's lyricist Bernie Taupin's 1971 solo album Taupin, first appeared on disc with John and his band on the 1971 album Madman Across the Water, after which he was invited to join the Elton John Band as a full member. Johnstone's debut album with Elton John as a full-time member of his band was Honky Chateau, on which he played electric and acoustic guitars, slide guitar, banjo, and mandolin, and also sang backing vocals alongside Murray and Olsson. Ray Cooper began playing with the band as a percussionist in 1973, though he did not become a full-time member of the band until 2016. The arrival of he and Johnstone in the group formed the classic line-up of the band, which played on the albums Honky Château, Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player, Goodbye Yellow Brick Road and Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy, and went on several world tours.
In February 1975, the non-album single "Philadelphia Freedom" was credited to The Elton John Band, along with the single's B-side "I Saw Her Standing There" (recorded live with John Lennon at Madison Square Garden) and the band's 1974 cover of "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" (which also featured Lennon on backing vocals and guitar). After the release of Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy, Murray and Olsson were released from the band because John wanted to achieve a different sound. He added several new musicians to the band's lineup, including Kenny Passarelli, Caleb Quaye, James Newton Howard, and Cindy Bullens, who first appeared together on disc with John on the album Rock of the Westies, but all left the band by either the late 1970s or early 1980s respectively. In 1979, John and Cooper toured Israel and the USSR as a duo, which proved successful. They also performed concerts together a total of 234 times in ten of the years between 1977 and 2012.Murray and Olsson rejoined the band in 1980, starting with 21 at 33. He and Olsson backed John during his landmark concert in New York City's Central Park before more than 400,000 fans on the Great Lawn on 13 September 1980, and appeared on The Fox in 1981. Murray went on to contribute all the bass tracks on Jump Up! in 1982, and joined Olsson and Johnstone for the Jump Up! Tour, followed by albums and tours for Too Low for Zero (1983) and Breaking Hearts (1984), and Reg Strikes Back (1988). New musicians that joined the band around this time include Richie Zito, Tim Renwick, Fred Mandel, Charlie Morgan, David Paton, Helena Springs, Jody Linscott, Jonathan Moffett, Guy Babylon. Of these new musicians, Babylon remained a member of the band for the longest amount of the time, being in the group from 1988 until his death in 2009, whereas the other members left at some point before the end of the 1980s.Murray died in 1992, having suffered a stroke after battling skin cancer for a number of years. According to Murray's obituary, that March, John and his band performed two tribute concerts at the Grand Ole Opry to raise money to support Murray's family. New musicians that joined the band in the 1990s included Bob Birch (who remained in the band until his death in 2012) and John Jorgenson (who left the band in 2000). John and his band toured with fellow pianist and musician Billy Joel in 1994, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2009, and 2010. John Mahon joined the band in 1997, and Kim Bullard and Matt Bissonette joined the band in 2009 and 2012 respectively. John, Olsson, Johnstone and Cooper are the only members left from the band's classic lineup in the early 1970s. In 2016, this lineup of the band joined John for the Wonderful Crazy Night tour, and two years later joined John for the ongoing Farewell Yellow Brick Road concert tour, which is intended to be John and his band's final tour consisting of more than 300 concerts worldwide.
By the end of the first leg of the tour on 18 March 2019, Farewell Yellow Brick Road tour had grossed over $125 million and won a Billboard Music Award in the category Top Rock Tour. The leg in Oceania became the highest-grossing tour of 2020, ending right before the tour was put on hiatus in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In January 2022, the tour had resumed and the dates for 2020 and 2021 were rescheduled to 2022 and 2023. It was also announced by Olsson that the members of the band would wear masks and have tests every two days during the tour. Two gigs in Dallas were postponed after John tested positive for COVID-19 and began experiencing mild symptoms from the disease. These Dallas gigs were resumed after John made a full recovery from the virus. John and his band have toured across the UK and Europe (including gigs at Liverpool and Watford) throughout 2022 and will also tour the UK and Europe for one last time in 2023, when the tour will wrap up. John has said that he will only perform in small venues after the Farewell Yellow Brick Road tour has wrapped up, with him and the band retiring from life on the road thereafter, but will still work together on studio recordings.
Members
Current members
Elton John – lead vocals, piano
Nigel Olsson – drums, backing vocals
Davey Johnstone – lead guitar, musical director, backing vocals
Ray Cooper – percussion
John Mahon – percussion, backing vocals
Kim Bullard – keyboards
Matt Bissonette – bass guitar, backing vocals
Former members
Dee Murray – bass guitar, backing vocals
Kenny Passarelli – bass guitar, backing vocals
Roger Pope – drums, percussion
Caleb Quaye – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
James Newton Howard – keyboards, backing vocals, conductor, orchestrations
Jeff Baxter – guitar
Cindy Bullens – backing vocals
Jon Joyce – backing vocals
Ken Gold – backing vocals
Jo Partridge – guitar
John "Cooker" LoPresti – bass guitar
Dennis Conway – drums
Richie Zito – lead guitar, backing vocals
Tim Renwick – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Fred Mandel – keyboards, rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Charlie Morgan – drums
David Paton – bass guitar, vocals
Alan Carvell – backing vocals
Helena Springs – backing vocals
Shirley Lewis – backing vocals
Jody Linscott – percussion
Romeo Williams – bass guitar
Jonathan Moffett – drums
Guy Babylon – keyboards
Marlena Jeter – backing vocals
Natalie Jackson – backing vocals
Alex Brown – backing vocals
Mortonette Jenkins – backing vocals
Bob Birch – bass guitar, vocals
Mark Taylor – keyboards, rhythm guitar, backing vocals
John Jorgenson – guitars, saxophone, pedal steel, mandolin, backing vocals
Billy Trudel – backing vocals
Jack Bruno – drums
Curt Bisquera – drums
Ken Stacey – backing vocals, additional guitar
Tanya Balam – backing vocals
Táta Vega – backing vocals
Lisa Stone – backing vocals
Jean Witherspoon – backing vocals
Rose Stone – backing vocals
Luka Šulić – cello
Stjepan Hauser – cello
Timeline
Discography
References
Elton John
Musical backing groups
Musical groups established in 1970 |
5379770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odcombe | Odcombe | Odcombe is a village and civil parish in south Somerset, England, west of the town of Yeovil, with a population of 759 in 2011.
The upper part of the village, Higher Odcombe, sits on the crest of the hill, while the lower part, Lower Odcombe, is built on its northern slopes. Odcombe falls within the Yeovil Parliamentary constituency and is covered by the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Yeovil Rural District. There is a parish council which has responsibility for local issues.
History
The village is mentioned in the Domesday book when it was owned by Robert, Count of Mortain. After the Battle of Hastings in 1066, the Barony of Odcombe was given to Ansgar de Brito (formerly Ansgar de Montacute/Ansgar Deincourt) for valor in battle. Along with the Odcombe Barony, Ansgar de Brito acquired multiple additional holdings within Somersetshire, at which point the Count of Mortain became his overlord.
In the 1860s the village church was redeveloped, during which time the preserved shoes of Thomas Coryat were lost. The village is built predominantly out of the local hamstone still quarried on Ham Hill, two miles to the west.
The parish was part of the hundred of Houndsborough.
Religious sites
The Ham stone Church of St Peter and St Paul has 13th-century origins. In 1874 transepts were added and the church restored. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building. A headstone in yellow Jaisalmer stone lies embedded in the front lawn of the church to mark a memorial service to poet Dom Moraes (1938–2004).
Notable residents
Notable residents of the village include Humphrey Hody, a late 17th-century scholar and theologian, George Strong, a 19th-century soldier awarded the Victoria Cross in the Crimean war, the writer, Hilda Mary Hooke, and Thomas Coryat, a 17th-century traveller and writer; author of Coryat's Crudities. Coryate described his "...love of Odcombe in Somersetshire, which is so deare unto me that I preferre the very smoke thereof before the fire of all other places under the Sunne"
References
External links
Villages in South Somerset
Civil parishes in Somerset |
4043196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Doig | Jason Doig | Jason Nicholas Doig (born January 29, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League with the Winnipeg Jets, Phoenix Coyotes, New York Rangers and the Washington Capitals.
Early life
Doig was born in Montreal, Quebec. His parents, Michael and Paula Doig, immigrated to Canada from Jamaica prior to his birth for educational purposes, obtaining their degrees from Concordia University and McGill University, respectively. Doig grew up in Dollard-des-Ormeaux, a suburb of Montreal, where he attended St. Charles Elementary School, West Island College high school and Vanier College. Aside from hockey, he played soccer at a very high level with the West Island Lakers soccer club and was invited to play for Team Quebec.
As a youth, he played in the 1991 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the North Shore minor ice hockey team.
Playing career
The Montreal, Quebec native impressed in his youth with the North Shore hockey team in the QAHA then with Lac St-Louis Lions of the Quebec Midget AAA Hockey League before making his Quebec Major Junior Hockey League debut with the St-Jean Lynx in 1993-94. That same year, Jason lead Team Quebec to a gold medal in dazzling fashion at World Under-17 Hockey Challenge where he scored the tying and game-winning goal in the final game against Team USA. The following year he represented Team Canada at the World Under-18 Tournament in Mexico City - taking home the gold medal. He was chosen 34th overall by the Winnipeg Jets in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft after scoring 55 points and registering 259 penalty minutes with the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League's Laval Titan's and played in the Canadian Hockey League all-star game. In 1996 he was returned to the QMJHL where he led the Granby Predateurs to the President's Cup - winning the coveted Guy Lafleur Trophy as the playoff MVP and then on to a Memorial Cup Championship where he was named as a first team all-star. That same year he was named team Captain for the West Team at QMJHL all-star game. The next year Jason was a member of Team Canada when it won the gold medal at the World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in Switzerland.
Doig played for the Winnipeg Jets as an 18-year-old in 1995-96 and remained with the franchise when it relocated to Arizona in 1996-97 and became the Phoenix Coyotes. He then joined the New York Rangers in a trade prior to the deadline in March, 1999. The 6'3" blueliner played for the Blueshirts and saw action with the American Hockey League's Hartford Wolf Pack where he won a Calder Cup in 2000. The hulking blueliner played two seasons in the New York Rangers organization before he was dealt to the Ottawa Senators where he played only one season with the team's AHL affiliate, Grand Rapids Griffins.
Following his brief stint with the Ottawa Senators organization, Doig was acquired by the Washington Capitals in 2002-03 where he became a solid blueliner with the club while spending the early part of the season with the team's AHL affiliate, the Portland Pirates.
Following a season away from hockey due to the NHL lock out, Doig was signed as a free agent by the Vancouver Canucks and sent to compete with the club's AHL affiliate, the Manitoba Moose.
In the 2006–2007 season he played for Traktor Chelyabinsk in Russian Super League and finished the season in the Swiss National League A with the Langnau SCL Tigers. In that same year, Jason represented Team Canada once again at the Spengler Cup in Davos, Switzerland where the team won the Silver Medal. In the 2007–2008 season, he played in Switzerland with EHC Basel. He then signed a contract for the remainder of the season with the Norwegian top division team Stavanger Oilers. After Stavanger was eliminated from the Norwegian playoffs, Doig announced that he would retire.
Personal life
Since retiring in 2007, Doig became a principal with Los Angeles-based investment bank Park Lane, where he specialized on the hockey side of the business. While at Park Lane, Doig founded TreeVestors, an investment firm specializing in the development, origination and financing of social and environmentally sustainable carbon forestry projects. Currently, Doig is a Regional Sales Coordinator with Aflac, a Fortune 200 company specialized in supplemental employee benefits. Doig lives in Los Angeles with his three children.
Championships and medals
1993 Under-17 World Hockey Challenge, Team Quebec - Gold Medal
1994 Under-18 Copa Mexico, Team Canada - Gold Medal
1996 QMJHL President's Cup, Granby Predators
1996 Memorial Cup Championship, Granby Predators
1997 Under-20 World Junior Championship, Team Canada - Gold Medal
2000 Calder Cup, Hartford Wolfpack
2007 Spengler Cup, Team Canada - Silver Medal
Honors and awards
Under-17 MVP (1993)
QMJHL All-Rookie Team (1994)
Guy Lafleur Trophy (1996)
Memorial Cup All-Star Team (1996)
QMJHL All-Star Team (1997)
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
See also
List of Black ice hockey players
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
Anglophone Quebec people
Black Canadian ice hockey players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Norway
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
Canadian people of Jamaican descent
Granby Prédateurs players
Hartford Wolf Pack
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Manitoba Moose players
Memorial Cup winners
New York Rangers players
People from Dollard-des-Ormeaux
Phoenix Coyotes players
Saint-Jean Lynx players
Sportspeople from Montreal
Stavanger Oilers players
Traktor Chelyabinsk players
Washington Capitals players
Winnipeg Jets (1979–1996) draft picks
Winnipeg Jets (1979–1996) players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen |
4043203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHWV-FM | CHWV-FM | CHWV-FM is a Canadian radio station in Saint John, New Brunswick broadcasting at 97.3 FM. The station broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format branded as 97.3 The Wave.
The station is owned by Acadia Broadcasting which also owns sister station CHSJ-FM.
History
On August 24, 2000, New Brunswick Broadcasting Co., Limited received approval by the CRTC to operate a new adult contemporary music format at Saint John.
Their first broadcast was on February 19, 2001, as an Adult Contemporary station. In January 2003, the station changed formats to adult top 40, morphing to more of a modern adult contemporary direction (or an adult top 40/alternative rock mix).
The station's new main competitor is CIOK-FM, which changed to hot AC in 2009. The station's other competitor is CIBX-FM in Fredericton.
Since 2011, the station began phasing in more rhythmic contemporary content; however it is still a Canadian hot adult contemporary reporter per Mediabase and Nielsen BDS. Even though non-pop rock music still gets a few adds, they remain a modern adult contemporary.
References
External links
97.3 The Wave
Hwv
Hwv
Hwv
Radio stations established in 2001
2001 establishments in New Brunswick |
4043211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20D.%20Nicholson | Samuel D. Nicholson | Samuel Danford Nicholson (February 22, 1859March 24, 1923) was a United States senator from Colorado.
Born in Springfield, Prince Edward Island, Canada, he attended the public schools there and moved to Michigan and then to Nebraska and later, in 1881, to Leadville, Colorado.
Nicholson became interested in mining, and advanced from miner to foreman, superintendent, manager, and then president of the Western Mining Company. He discovered the zinc ore that bears his name, Nicholsonite.
From 1893 to 1897, Nicholson was the Populist mayor of Leadville; he moved to Denver in 1902. In 1914 and 1916, he was an unsuccessful candidate for governor. During the First World War, he served as State chairman of the Liberty Loan and Victory loan campaigns, and was a member of the United States Fuel Administration. He was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1921, until his death in Denver on March 24, 1923. His interment was in Fairmount Cemetery in Denver.
See also
List of United States senators born outside the United States
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)
References
External links
1859 births
1921 deaths
People from Queens County, Prince Edward Island
Mayors of places in Colorado
Republican Party United States senators from Colorado
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Colorado Republicans
People from Leadville, Colorado |
4043216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.723 | G.723 | G.723 is an ITU-T standard speech codec using extensions of G.721 providing voice quality covering 300 Hz to 3400 Hz using Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) to 24 and 40 kbit/s for digital circuit multiplication equipment (DCME) applications. The standard G.723 is obsolete and has been superseded by G.726.
Note that this is a completely different codec from G.723.1.
See also
List of codecs
G.723 [withdrawn] – Extensions of Recommendation G.721 adaptive differential pulse code modulation to 24 and 40 kbit/s for digital circuit multiplication equipment application. The content of the 1988 edition of ITU-T G.723 is now covered by ITU-T G.726.
G.723.1 – Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 kbit/s
G.726 – 40, 32, 24, 16 kbit/s Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM). Corresponding ANSI-C code is available in the G.726 module of the ITU-T G.191 Software Tools Library.
External links
ITU-T page of G.723
References
Audio codecs
Speech codecs
ITU-T recommendations
ITU-T G Series Recommendations |
4043218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collingwood%20College%2C%20Surrey | Collingwood College, Surrey | Collingwood College is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in Camberley, Surrey, England.
Admissions
Collingwood is the largest secondary school in Surrey, with over 2,000 pupils, including more than 400 in the sixth form. It occupies a campus and is divided in the three main areas 'Kingston' (Years 10 & 11) and 'Barossa' (Years 7–9), and the new, purpose-built, sixth form centre. This was funded by the sale of land, on which the college's previous sixth form centre (named 'Ballard') was situated. Collingwood College is a DfE designated high-performing specialist academy, specialising in technology and vocational-education.
It is situated just north of the A30, near the Jolly Farmer roundabout on the Old Dean Estate, Camberley.
History
Earlier school
The school derives itself from the Frimley and Camberley County Grammar School, the Bagshot County Secondary School, and the Barossa County Secondary School. In July 1970, Surrey County Council wavered over whether to go ahead with the comprehensive plan.
Comprehensive
The first Headmaster in 1971 was Mr. Leonard Roe, who had previously been Headmaster of the grammar school. He was followed by Peter Halls-Dickerson, who was a major advocate of the idea of direct grant schools. Collingwood was one of the earliest direct grant schools to be created after the passage of the legislation by the then Conservative government. The headmaster from 1974 until the 1990s was Peter Halls-Dickerson.
Grant-maintained and Foundation school
On 1 September 1991, Collingwood School became Collingwood College – a grant-maintained school. This change of status was overwhelmingly supported by the parents. In 1999, under the new schools' framework, the school adopted foundation status.
In September 1994, Collingwood College became a self-governing technology college. Following the new funding, the school built the Halls-Dickerson Technology Centre, also one of the first of its kind. As of 1 April 2008, the college was granted high-performing specialist school status. The school also specialises in vocational education, which provides education for working life; such as hairdressing, building and other manual labour based jobs.
Collingwood is a founding member of the Surrey Heath Area Partnership for Education (SHAPE), Surrey's 14–19 network. SHAPE runs diploma courses in IT, for which Collingwood is the lead school and also Society Health and Development. Diplomas are also offered in business and finance and creative media.
Academy
Previously a foundation school administered by Surrey County Council, in July 2011 Collingwood College converted to academy status.
Catchment
Its catchment area encompasses much of the Surrey Heath area of Camberley, Bagshot, Lightwater, Ascot, Egham, Windlesham, Bisley, Chobham and West End.
Stabbing incidents
The school appeared in the national press following a November 2005 incident in which a student was repeatedly stabbed with a pair of scissors, including one wound above the eye.
The school was also featured on a special programme called "School of Hard Knocks" on ITV that was aired on 6 November 2006. It examined the assault in some detail. It featured an interview with Natashia and her parents, as well as stories from other victims of bullying. The programme publicly criticised the Principal for denying that there was a bullying problem at Collingwood. However, an OFSTED report in 2007 showed that there were no serious problems with bullying at Collingwood College.
A separate stabbing took place at the school by Sharon Carr in 1994 when she was just 14 years old. Carr used a knife to stab fellow pupil Ann-Marie Clifford, who survived. However, it later came to light that Carr was responsible for the murder of a local hairdresser two years before. Carr is the youngest female to be convicted of murder in the UK.
Collingwood College Productions
Every year Collingwood Productions stage their annual musical. The productions are auditioned in the first two weeks of December, allowing the principals to get to grips with their parts over the holidays. They then return in January to begin the rehearsal process. After the two and a half-month period the shows are staged around the last week of March and normally run for four nights, Wednesday to Saturday.
As of 2020 due to Coronavirus, the annual productions have been paused just a week before Legally Blonde was due to hit the stage.
Teaching
Due to the huge number of students at Collingwood, the school is very organised in its hierarchy of staff. Each year has a Head of Year and Pastoral Assistant, who move up with the students through their years at the school. Also, each assistant principal is assigned to a year, to take care of other pastoral issues.
All subjects that are taught at the school are assigned a faculty, where the faculty head assists with the running of the subjects, and provides behavioural support to the teachers in their faculty.
Sixth Form Centre
The sixth form was originally housed in the "Ballard" building. Before becoming part of Collingwood School, it had been built for Cordwalles/Cordwallis Boys School, then taken over during the Second World War as Cordwallis MT [Motor Transport] Training Centre for the Auxiliary Territorial Service. It was at this site that Princess Elizabeth trained to drive an Austin K2/Y ambulance as a subaltern. After the war, the building was taken over by the independent Great Ballard School, who occupied it until the 1960s.
In 2005, a new Sixth Form Centre was officially opened by the Countess of Wessex. The Ballard building and its surrounding land was sold, and it was subsequently demolished to be replaced by housing.
The Sixth Form Centre features an extremely modernised architecture, a series of seven small IT classrooms plus one large computer suite on the top floor. The centre provides facilities for sixth form students such as a common room and private study area.
Academic performance
Collingwood performs consistently above both the LEA (Surrey) and national average at both GCSE and A-Level.
Notable alumni
Steve Backshall, climber and naturalist.
Clare Burrage, particle physicist
Sharon Carr, youngest female killer in Britain, stabbed a fellow pupil at the school in June 1994.
Dan Frazier, professional rugby player for Newcastle Falcons in RFU Premiership.
Matt Goss, part of the 1980s pop band, Bros
Luke Goss, part of the 1980s pop band, Bros
Jessica Henwick, actress
Jamie Lenman, guitarist and singer of British alternative rock trio Reuben
Craig Logan, part of the 1980s pop band, Bros
George Saville, footballer
Notes
External links
School website
Academies in Surrey
Educational institutions established in 1971
Camberley
Secondary schools in Surrey
1971 establishments in England
Specialist applied learning colleges in England
Specialist technology colleges in England |
4043225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking%20Child | Viking Child | Prophecy I: The Viking Child (shortened to Viking Child on some systems) is a video game created by Imagitec Design Limited for the Atari ST, Amiga, Atari Lynx, Game Boy, and MS-DOS compatible operating systems in 1991. The Atari ST original was programmed by Mark Fisherwith with graphics by Anthony Rosbottom and music by Barry Leitch and Ian Howe.
Ports to the Game Gear, Master System, and Commodore 64 were cancelled. A planned sequel, Viking Child 2, was not released.
Plot
This video game was based on a Viking Child called Brian who must enter the Halls of Valhalla and do battle against the evil god Loki and his minions.
Gameplay
The game closely resembled Sega's Wonder Boy in Monster Land, as certain elements like collecting hidden gold, upgrading the character's weapons and visiting shops were practically identical, despite the difference in release times.
There is no save game feature but passwords can be earned and used to allow access to later levels.
Reception
Robert A. Jung reviewed the Lynx version of the game which was posted to IGN. In his final verdict he wrote "While Viking Child is a pleasant diversion, it is missing the refinements needed for greatness. The biggest appeal is in exploring the land and just trying to survive, but it should not be mistaken for an adventure game. Still, if you're looking for something that's a little more than the typical run-and-jump title, Viking Child is worth a try." Giving a final score of 7 out of 10.
Raze Magazine reviewed the Amiga and Atari ST versions of the game in December 1990.
References
External links
1991 video games
Amiga games
Atari games
Atari ST games
Atari Lynx games
Game Boy games
DOS games
Cancelled Commodore 64 games
Cancelled Game Gear games
Cancelled Master System games
Imagitec Design games
Piko Interactive games
Video games based on Norse mythology
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games set in the Viking Age |
4043235 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie%20Dennis | Willie Dennis | Willie Dennis (née William DeBerardinis, January 10, 1926 – July 8, 1965) was an American jazz trombonist known as a big band musician but who was also an excellent bebop soloist.
Career
After working with Elliot Lawrence, Claude Thornhill, and Sam Donahue, Dennis also performed with Charles Mingus, appearing on two of Mingus's albums in 1959, Blues & Roots and Mingus Ah Um. In 1953, Dennis recorded Four Trombones (released in 1957) for Mingus's Debut Records. The other three trombones were J. J. Johnson, Kai Winding and Bennie Green.
In 1951, Dennis began studying with Lennie Tristano. To make ends meet, he worked as an attendant at the Museum of Modern Art. The fullest recorded example of Dennis's solo work is on a little-known 1956 Savoy disc by English pianist Ronnie Ball (also a student of Tristano), All About Ronnie, in the company of Ted Brown and Kenny Clarke.
Dennis toured with Mingus in 1956. He published an essay, "The History of the Trombone," in Metronome. In the late 1950s Dennis returned to his big band roots, joining Buddy Rich in 1959 after stints with Benny Goodman (with whom he travelled to the Soviet Union in 1962) and Woody Herman. In the 1960s, Dennis often performed with Gerry Mulligan.
Dennis was known for his extremely fast articulation on the trombone, obtained by means of varying the natural harmonics of the instrument with minimal recourse to the slide (a technique known as "crossing the grain"), for instance, during his improvised solo on a performance of "Chuggin'" with the Gerry Mulligan Concert Band.
Personal life
Dennis married singer Morgana King in 1961; the couple had no children. He died in 1965 in an automobile accident in Central Park, New York City.
Discography
Four Trombones (Debut, 1957) - with J. J. Johnson, Kai Winding and Bennie Green
With Cannonball Adderley
Domination (Capitol, 1965)
With Manny Albam
Jazz Goes to the Movies (Impulse!, 1962)
With Al Cohn
Jazz Mission to Moscow (Colpix, 1962)
With Mundell Lowe
Themes from Mr. Lucky, the Untouchables and Other TV Action Jazz (RCA Camden, 1960)
With Gary McFarland
The Jazz Version of "How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying" (Verve, 1962)
Point of Departure (Impulse!, 1963)
With Charles Mingus
Jazz Workshop – Autobiography in Jazz (Debut, 1953)
Blues & Roots (Atlantic, 1959)
Mingus Ah Um (Columbia, 1959)
The Complete Town Hall Concert (Blue Note, 1962 [1994])
With Gerry Mulligan
Gerry Mulligan and the Concert Jazz Band on Tour (Verve, 1960 [1962])
Gerry Mulligan and the Concert Jazz Band at the Village Vanguard (Verve, 1960 [1961])
Gerry Mulligan Presents a Concert in Jazz (Verve, 1961)
Gerry Mulligan '63 (Verve, 1963)
With Oliver Nelson
Full Nelson (Verve, 1963)
With Anita O'Day
All the Sad Young Men (Verve, 1962)
With Buddy Rich
Richcraft (Mercury, 1959)
Rich Versus Roach (Mercury, 1959)
The Driver (EmArcy, 1960)
With Shirley Scott
Great Scott!! (Impulse!, 1964)
With Zoot Sims
Lost Tapes-Baden Baden 1958 (SWR, 2014)
With Lennie Tristano
Chicago April 1951 (Uptown, 2014)
With Phil Woods
Rights of Swing (Candid, 1961)
References
External links
[ Willie Dennis at Allmusic]
Willie Dennis at Discogs
Willie Dennis at Napster
1926 births
1965 deaths
American jazz trombonists
Male trombonists
Road incident deaths in New York City
Musicians from Philadelphia
20th-century American musicians
20th-century trombonists
Jazz musicians from Pennsylvania
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
The Tonight Show Band members |
4043237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delair%20Bridge | Delair Bridge | The Delair Bridge (officially the Delair Memorial Railroad Bridge) is a railroad bridge with a vertical-lift section that crosses the Delaware River between Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Pennsauken Township, New Jersey, just south of the Betsy Ross Bridge. The two-track bridge is part of Conrail Shared Assets Operations and is jointly used by Norfolk Southern Railway and CSX Transportation freight trains, as well as by the New Jersey Transit Atlantic City Line service.
History
The Delair Bridge, built by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) in 1895–1896, was the first bridge of any sort between Philadelphia and New Jersey. The steel span connected PRR tracks in North Philadelphia to southern New Jersey. It consisted of three fixed Pennsylvania truss spans and a through-truss swing-span drawbridge totaling . Approach trestles of on the Pennsylvania side and on the New Jersey side bring its total length to .
Starting in 1958, the PRR converted the bridge into a vertical-lift span to increase clearance for river traffic. The movable link was floated into place in one piece to facilitate installation and minimize delay. Work was completed in 1960. The Delair Bridge was the longest and heaviest double-track lift bridge in the world at the time. Note that the single-track Cape Cod Canal Railroad Bridge is longer.
The bridge was also electrified in the late 1930s, allowing freight trains hauled by electric locomotives to access the Pavonia Yard in Camden, New Jersey, from the Northeast Corridor. Electrification was removed by January, 1967 but was restored in May 1973. However, Conrail ceased electric freight operations in 1981 and removed the wires several years later.
Passenger train traffic on the bridge ceased in 1969 when Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines service was cut to Lindenwold station after the completion of the PATCO Speedline, but was restored in 1989 when Amtrak began the Atlantic City Express service. Amtrak service ended in 1995, but New Jersey Transit Atlantic City Line service has used the bridge continuously since 1993.
The bridge's southern track was formerly reserved for freight traffic, and the northern track only used for the Atlantic City Line. As part of the Pennsauken Transit Center project, a station complex where the River LINE passes under the Delair Bridge's eastern approach, platforms were built on both tracks. Both tracks are now used by both passenger and freight trains.
21st century rehabilitation
In December 2011, an $18.5 million Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) grant was awarded to South Jersey Port Corporation by the United States Department of Transportation, partially for rehabilitation of the bridge. The improvements were completed.
See also
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania
List of crossings of the Delaware River
References
External links
Delair Bridge at "Workshop of the World"
Video of rebuilding by Michael Froio 2015
Railroad bridges in New Jersey
Vertical lift bridges in the United States
Vertical lift bridges in New Jersey
Bridges completed in 1896
Railroad bridges in Pennsylvania
Bridges in Philadelphia
Bridges in Camden County, New Jersey
Bridges over the Delaware River
Pennsylvania Railroad bridges
NJ Transit bridges
Pennsauken Township, New Jersey
Historic American Engineering Record in Philadelphia
Towers in Pennsylvania
Steel bridges in the United States
Pennsylvania truss bridges in the United States
Interstate railroad bridges in the United States
South Jersey Port Corporation |
4043258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toccata%20and%20Fugue%20in%20F%20major%2C%20BWV%20540 | Toccata and Fugue in F major, BWV 540 | The Toccata and Fugue in F major, BWV 540, is an organ work written by Johann Sebastian Bach, potentially dating from the composer's time in Weimar, or in Leipzig.
History
No firm date can be established for the composition, and it has even been conjectured that the 2 parts were composed separately, with the toccata being a potentially more mature piece. Williams however describes that the differing Affekt of the two parts does not pose any problem to the hypothesis that the whole work was composed at the same period. This conception of "complementary movements" was even a favourite of Bach's, and the dramatic nature of the toccata as contrasted to the counterpoint of the fugue should, as one author writes, "not be misunderstood as mere discrepancy". Because of the range of the pedal parts, the toccata may have been written for a performance, around 1713, at the Weißenfels organ, with its pedal going up to F.
Music
Toccata
The toccata starts with a large linear canon (first 6 bars shown above) over a pedal point in F major. It is then followed by a pedal solo based upon material from the canon. The canon is reiterated with some variations in the dominant in C major. This time the hands are switched, and the left hand leads the right. This is again followed by a long pedal solo. The two large canon flourishes cover 108 measures of the composition. The pedal solos cover 60 measures. The concerto movement exhibits a seven-part structure. The canons and pedal solos effect the departure from the home key of F to the dominant C, and the rest of the movement, with its concertante 3-part imitation and "proto-waltzes", constitute the harmonic return. This formal pattern is unique within all of Bach's works.
The Toccata (as a prelude) is proportionally the largest of all Bach's works in the format of prelude-fugue. It is often treated as a show piece, with the ensuing fugue omitted. The Toccata's rhythmic signature suggests a passepied or a musette, although the large scale of the movement does not support these characterizations.
Nor does the harmonic complexity of the composition; 45 measures after the second pedal solo there is a dominant chord which resolves deceptively to the third-inversion secondary dominant of the Neapolitan chord. In particular, the doubled root is found to move outward in contrary chromatic motion to a major 9th; in the bass by a descending half tone, far from the expected fifth. Bach implements this deceptive cadence three times in the piece; it would not become idiomatic until Chopin and Tchaikovsky.
Fugue
The first subject (entries in the tenor, alto and soprano voices shown above) of the fugue is chromatic and ornamental. The second subject has many modulation shifts and is sometimes initially presented as the counter-subject of the first. The Fugue is Bach's only thorough-going double fugue, where two subjects are exposed in separate sections and then combined. The effect is enhanced by the increasing rhythmic activity of the second subject and by the more frequent use of modulation in the final section of the fugue.
The bravura of the F major toccata, with its pedal solos and manual virtuosity, contrasts with the sober opening of the Fugue. Both represent two diverse aspects of Italian influence: the motoric rhythms and sequential passagework of the Toccata, and the traditional alla breve counterpoint of the Fugue, with its chromaticism, harmonic suspensions, and uninterrupted succession of subjects and answers. These techniques are very similar to those used in the "Dorian" Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 538.
See also
Other Toccata and Fugues
Notes
Sources
External links
A Study of J.S. Bach’s Toccata in F Major
The form and symbolic significance of Bach's Toccata in F
Free download of BWV 540 recorded by James Kibbie on the 1755 Gottfried Silbermann/Zacharias Hildebrandt organ in the Katholische Hofkirche, Dresden, Germany
Fugues by Johann Sebastian Bach
Compositions for organ
Compositions for keyboard
Bach
Compositions in F major |
4043272 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Gong%20Show%20Movie | The Gong Show Movie | The Gong Show Movie is a 1980 American slapstick film starring, co-written and directed by Chuck Barris, the host and creator of the popular game show with the same name.
Plot
The film shows a fictional week in the life of Chuck Barris as the host and creator of The Gong Show, through a series of outrageous competitors, stressful situations, a nervous breakdown (which compels him to run away and hide in the Moroccan desert) and other comic hijinks in his life and work on the TV show. Among the highlights included a group of men dressed as a Roman Catholic priest and three nuns lip-synching Tom Lehrer's song "The Vatican Rag", a man blowing out a candle with flatulence, and the uncensored version of Jaye P. Morgan's infamous breast-baring incident.
Reception
The film premiered in May 1980 alongside The Empire Strikes Back and The Shining, beating the latter at the box office in its opening weekend but losing to the former. The film received uniformly negative reviews and was withdrawn from theaters shortly after its release.
Among the many bad reviews at the time was one from George Burns, who, after seeing the movie, went on the record and said, "For the first time in 65 years, I wanted to get out of show business."
Home media
The movie was occasionally seen on a few cable movie channels during the 1980s but had never been available on home video in any format until a Blu-ray release from Shout! Factory on March 29, 2016.
References
External links
1980 films
1980 comedy films
American comedy films
Films about television
Quizzes and game shows in popular culture
Films based on television series
Films with screenplays by Robert Downey Sr.
Universal Pictures films
1980 directorial debut films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films |
4043275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20modernity | Late modernity | Late modernity (or liquid modernity) is the characterization of today's highly developed global societies as the continuation (or development) of modernity rather than as an element of the succeeding era known as postmodernity, or the postmodern. Introduced as "liquid" modernity by the Polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman, late modernity is marked by the global capitalist economies with their increasing privatization of services and by the information revolution.
Versus postmodernity
Social theorists and sociologists such as Scott Lash, Ulrich Beck, Zygmunt Bauman, and Anthony Giddens maintain (against postmodernists) that modernization continues into the contemporary era, which is thus better conceived as a radical state of late modernity. On technological and social changes since the 1960s, the concept of "late modernity" proposes that contemporary societies are a clear continuation of modern institutional transitions and cultural developments. Such authors talk about a reflexive modernization as post-traditional order which impact day-to-day social life and personal activities. Modernity now tends to be self-referring, instead of being defined largely in opposition to traditionalism, as with classical modernity.
Giddens does not dispute that important changes have occurred since "high" modernity, but he argues that we have not truly abandoned modernity. Rather, the modernity of contemporary society is a developed, radicalized, "late" modernity—but still modernity, not postmodernity. In such a perspective, postmodernism appears only as a hyper-technological version of modernity.
Subjects
The subject is constructed in late modernity against the backdrop of a fragmented world of competing and contrasting identities and lifestyle cultures. The framing matrix of the late modern personality is the ambiguous way the fluid social relations of late modernity impinge on the individual, producing a reflexive and multiple self.
Characteristics
Zygmunt Bauman, who introduced the idea of liquid modernity, wrote that its characteristics are about the individual, namely increasing feelings of uncertainty and the privatization of ambivalence. It is a kind of chaotic continuation of modernity, where a person can shift from one social position to another in a fluid manner. Nomadism becomes a general trait of the "liquid modern" person as they flow through their own life like a tourist, changing places, jobs, spouses, values, and sometimes moresuch as political or sexual orientationexcluding themselves from traditional networks of support, while also freeing themselves from the restrictions or requirements those networks impose.
Bauman stressed the new burden of responsibility that fluid modernism placed on the individualtraditional patterns would be replaced by self-chosen ones. Entry into the globalized society was open to anyone with their own stance and the ability to fund it, in a similar way as was the reception of travellers at the old-fashioned caravanserai. The result is a normative mindset with emphasis on shifting rather than on stayingon provisional in lieu of permanent (or "solid") commitmentwhich (the new style) can lead a person astray towards a prison of their own existential creation.
See also
Information society
Neoliberalism
Network society
Post-industrial society
Second modernity
Late capitalism
Space of flows
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
Further reading
Modernity |
4043289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biff%20Rose | Biff Rose | Paul "Biff" Rose (born October 15, 1937) is an American comedian and singer-songwriter.
Biography
Born in New Orleans, Rose moved to Hollywood where he found a job working as a comedy sketch writer with George Carlin working sometimes on the Mort Sahl show. Eventually, Rose moved to songwriting.
Following the release of 1968's The Thorn in Mrs. Rose's Side, Rose made several appearances on Johnny Carson's The Tonight Show from 1968 to 1970. Rose performed on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, American Bandstand, and Hugh Hefner's Playboy After Dark. He emceed the Atlantic City Pop Festival of 1969 and the Atlanta Pop Festival of 1970.
Music
Rose recorded his first two records for Tetragrammaton Records. Following the release of 1968's The Thorn in Mrs. Rose's Side, which contained his hit single "Buzz the Fuzz", Rose made 12 appearances on Johnny Carson's The Tonight Show from 1968 to 1970. He performed his songs ("Gentle People" and "Myrtle's Pies") on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, and appeared on American Bandstand, the Merv Griffin Show, the David Frost Show, and Hugh Hefner's Playboy After Dark.
The song "Fill Your Heart", is Rose's best-known compositions. Co-written with Paul Williams, the song was adopted by Tiny Tim as the B-side of his 1968 hit single "Tiptoe through the Tulips" before Rose's own release. Most famously, it was recorded by David Bowie on his album Hunky Dory (1971).Rick Wakeman worked as a session musician on that album and commented that Rose's version had "obviously influenced David" in the recording.
Racism
In October 2017, Indy Week pointed out that Rose's website contained "blatantly racist and anti-semitic material". Rose has since taken down one website but operates several others along with several social media accounts where he continues to express himself with racist and anti-semitic language and ideas. He continues to make drawings on his social media pages that utilize visual ethnic stereotypes, like Stereotypes of African Americans and Jewish nose along with graphic depictions of homophobia and misogyny.
Full-length releases
The Thorn in Mrs. Rose's Side (1968, Tetragrammaton, re-released on Buddha)
Children of Light (1969, Tetragrammaton, re-released on Buddha)
Biff Rose [some copies titled Ride On] (1970, Buddha)
Half Live at the Bitter End (1971, Buddah)
Uncle Jesus, Aunty Christ (1972, United Artists)
Roast Beef (1978, Pacific Arts)
Thee Messiah Album/Live at Gatsby's (1979, Pacific Arts)
References
Further reading
Stevenson, Salli. "An Outasight Rap with Biff Rose; Far Out! (or 'Marching Through Georgia')". UCLA Daily Bruin. February 4, 1970.
Dawson, Jim. "Biff Rose back at the piano after some burned-out years". The Baltimore Sun. May 29, 1978.
External links
http://www.biffrose.com
1937 births
American male singers
Songwriters from Louisiana
American comedy musicians
Living people
Musicians from New Orleans
American male songwriters |
4043300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitheroe%20railway%20station | Clitheroe railway station | Clitheroe railway station serves the town of Clitheroe in Lancashire, England. The station is the northern terminus of the Ribble Valley Line / Clitheroe Line operated by Northern Trains and is north of Blackburn. The station forms part of Clitheroe Interchange, which has won a number of awards.
History
The original station opened on 22 June 1850. It was replaced in 1893–4 by another approximately to the north. The station closed to normal services on 10 September 1962 (that is, before the Beeching cuts) but remained in use for special services until 7 February 1971. The special services resumed on 14 May 1990, and the station was fully reopened on 29 May 1994, when passenger services began again from Blackburn.
The line from here continues northwards towards , but this section is normally used only by freight and engineering trains on weekdays; passenger services are limited to a pair of Sundays only Dalesrail charter trains and occasional railtours. The line also forms part of a valuable strategic diversionary route between and , which is utilised if planned engineering work blocks the West Coast Main Line over Shap. It has also been used in emergency for unplanned work between these locations. Terminating trains from the Blackburn direction run empty up to Horrocksford Junction to the north (where the former Ribble Cement (now Hansons) factory branch diverges from the main line) and use the crossover there to reverse and change lines prior to returning to the station.
The station has since become an award-winning bus and train transport interchange. The bus station, known as the Clitheroe Interchange, is the terminus for bus connections bringing passengers from towns and villages in the Ribble Valley area to the train service to and Manchester. The Ribble Valley Line is a community railway line and is supervised by the Ribble Valley Rail group, which includes the train operator Northern.
Facilities
The station had a ticket office, which was next to the old station building (which is used as an art gallery). The ticket office, operated by Lancashire County Council rather than operator Northern permanently closed from February 2020. It was staffed Monday to Friday. All tickets must now be purchased via mobile device or from the ticket machine on Platform 1. There are waiting shelters on both platforms (which are offset from each other) and train running details are provided via digital screens, signage, customer help points and automatic announcements. Step-free access is available on both sides.
Services
All train services are operated by Northern Trains. There is generally an hourly service daily from Clitheroe to via Blackburn and Manchester Victoria with some extra trains during weekday peak hours.
Northern used to operate a variety of train types on the route, including Class 142 units but now Northern only operate a variety of Sprinter trains, including Class 150, Class 153, Class 156, Class 158 units.
For much of 2017 and 2018, Saturday and Sunday services to Manchester have either been partially replaced by buses south of Bolton or diverted via and due to the Manchester to Preston Line being closed for electrification work.
On Sundays, one or two trains operate from Preston along the Ribble Valley Line via Clitheroe to Hellifield and onwards towards via the Settle-Carlisle Line. This improves on the previous service that only ran in the summer.
Due to overcrowding at certain times, there are plans from the Department for Transport to increase services from 1 tph to 2 tph; however, the funding for this may not be available.
Notes
References
Welch, M.S. (2004) Lancashire Steam Finale, Runpast Publishing, Cheltenham,
External links
Clitheroe Interchange - Lancashire County Council Environmental Directorate
Ribble Valley Rail official website
Video of Clitheroe Railway Station
Clitheroe
Railway stations in Ribble Valley
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1850
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1962
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1994
Reopened railway stations in Great Britain
Northern franchise railway stations |
4043311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail%20Class%20110 | British Rail Class 110 | The Class 110 diesel multiple units were built by the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company in conjunction with the Drewry Car Co. to operate services on the former Lancashire and Yorkshire main line. They originally entered service uniquely in this region, which earned them the name of the 'Calder Valley' sets. They were an updated version of the Class 104, with more powerful engines, a revised cab design and raised bodyside window frames.
Description
The fact that they were primarily intended for services on the arduous Calder Valley route meant that Class 110 needed more power than other first generation DMUs, so they were fitted with Rolls-Royce C6NFLH engines, and when delivered they had the highest hp/ton of any of the first generation DMUs, including the lightweights. With a set weighing 87½ tons (tare), this gave a power-to-weight ratio of 8.3 hp / ton, which was appreciably higher than any other DMU in use at the time using normally aspirated engines.
Performance tests included a standing start against a ruling gradient of 1 in 261 and a set in tare condition achieved a speed of in 45 seconds, in 2 minutes 4 seconds, and in 4 minutes 6 seconds. From a standing start on a 1 in 45 gradient a speed of in third gear was reached in 42 seconds. Each set had 24 first class and 159 second class seats.
Timeline
The first twenty sets, for the NER, were ordered in March 1959 and were allocated to Bradford Hammerton Street depot. The second batch were allocated to the LMR in January 1961, based at Newton Heath in Manchester. Deliveries of the two batches was concurrent, starting in 1961, and these were the penultimate class of first generation sets to be built.
All sets were concentrated at Hammerton Street by 1976.
Refurbishment of the class took place in 1979 - 1980, with fluorescent lighting, new seat covers, new internal panelling and mechanical modifications to reduce the occurrence of the fires in the exhaust system which were common on many classes of first generation DMU.
During refurbishment the class was repainted, first in the white livery with a blue stripe below the windows that was standard for refurbished DMUs and later in the standard British Rail blue and Grey livery. All sets that were turned out in the white livery were later repainted in blue and Grey.
The TSLs were removed from most sets and scrapped in 1982 to reduce maintenance costs and to allow a higher performance for an accelerated timetable on the Calder Valley line. At 11.2 hp/ton these sets now had by far the highest power/weight ratio of any first generation DMU, but with a significantly reduced capacity of just 111 seats.
At the same time all First Class seats were declassified to Second although the seats were not replaced.
The reduced capacity caused a problem with the upturn in traffic of the mid 1980s and some sets were supplemented in 1984–85 with centre cars from withdrawn Class 111 units.
Bradford Hammerton Street depot closed in 1984, and all remaining Class 110 units were transferred to Neville Hill in Leeds.
The small fleet size together with maintenance costs of the non-standard Rolls Royce engines ensured their early withdrawal. The engines were mounted with cylinder heads facing inwards, unlike all other DMU classes, and this required specialised facilities for engine removal which were only available at their home depot. Class 150/2 'Sprinters' were introduced on the Calder Valley route in 1987.
Most displaced units continued in traffic until October 1989, but were no longer common in the Calder Valley.
Orders
Preservation
Five vehicles are preserved:
Lakeside & Haverthwaite Railway two-car set (52071 & 52077)
East Lancashire Railway three-car set (51813 & 51842)
Model railways
In 1982 Hornby Railways launched its first version of the BR Class 110 in OO gauge.
References
Motive Power Recognition: 3 DMUs. Colin J. Marsden
British Railway Pictorial: First Generation DMUs. Kevin Robertson
British Rail Fleet Survey 8: Diesel Multiple Units- The First Generation. Brian Haresnape
A Pictorial Record of British Railways Diesel Multiple Units. Brian Golding
External links
History of the Class 110s
110
BRCW multiple units
Train-related introductions in 1961 |
4043313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noweb | Noweb | Noweb, stylised in lowercase as noweb, is a literate programming tool, created in 1989–1999 by Norman Ramsey, and designed to be simple, easily extensible and language independent.
As in WEB and CWEB, the main components of Noweb are two programs: "notangle", which extracts 'machine' source code from the source texts, and "noweave", which produces nicely-formatted printable documentation.
Noweb supports TeX, LaTeX, HTML, and troff back ends and works with any programming language. Besides simplicity this is the main advantage over WEB, which needs different versions to support programming languages other than Pascal. (Thus the necessity of CWEB, which supports C and similar languages.)
Noweb's input
A Noweb input text contains program source code interleaved with documentation. It consists of so-called chunks that are either documentation chunks or code chunks.
A documentation chunk begins with a line that starts with an at sign (@) followed by a space or newline. A documentation chunk has no name. Documentation chunks normally contain LaTeX, but Noweb is also used with HTML, plain TeX, and with troff.
Code chunks are named. A code chunk begins with
<<chunk name>>=
on a line by itself. The double left angle bracket (<<) must be in the first column.
Each chunk is terminated by the beginning of another chunk. If the first line in the file does not mark the beginning of a chunk, it is assumed to be the first line of a documentation chunk.
Code chunks aren't treated specially by Noweb's tools—they may be placed in any order and, when needed, they are just concatenated. Chunk references in code are dereferenced and the whole requested source code is extracted.
Example of a simple Noweb program
This is an example of a "hello world" program with documentation:
\section{Hello world}
Today I awoke and decided to write
some code, so I started to write Hello World in \textsf C.
<<hello.c>>=
/*
<<license>>
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
printf("Hello World!\n");
return 0;
}
@
\noindent \ldots then I did the same in PHP.
<<hello.php>>=
<?php
/*
<<license>>
*/
echo "Hello world!\n";
?>
@
\section{License}
Later the same day some lawyer reminded me about licenses.
So, here it is:
<<license>>=
This work is placed in the public domain.
Assuming that the above code is placed in a file named 'hello.nw', the command to extract the human-readable document in HTML format is:
noweave -filter l2h -index -html hello.nw | htmltoc > hello.html
... and in LaTeX format:
noweave -index -latex hello.nw > hello.tex
To extract machine source code:
notangle -Rhello.c hello.nw > hello.c
notangle -Rhello.php hello.nw > hello.php
Compatibility
Noweb defines a specific file format and a file is likely to interleave three different formats (Noweb, LaTeX and the language used for the software). This is not recognised by other software development tools and consequently using Noweb excludes the use of UML or code documentation tools.
See also
WEB
CWEB
Notes
External links
Norman Ramsey's home page
notangle online man page
noweb.py – an open-source noweb clone written in Python
noweb.php – noweb clone in PHP
Free documentation generators
Literate programming
Troff |
4043318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculative%20poetry | Speculative poetry | Speculative poetry is a genre of poetry that focusses on fantastic, science fictional and mythological themes. It is also known as science fiction poetry or fantastic poetry. It is distinguished from other poetic genres by being categorized by its subject matter, rather than by the poetry's form. Suzette Haden Elgin defined the genre as "about a reality that is in some way different from the existing reality."
Due to the similarity of subject matter, it is often published by the same markets that publish short stories and novellas of science fiction, fantasy and horror, and many authors write both in speculative fiction and speculative poetry. The field has one major award, the Rhysling Award, given annually to a poem of more than fifty lines and to a sub-fifty lines poem by the US-based Science Fiction Poetry Association.
History
Much of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century used techniques seen in modern fantasy literature: retellings of classical mythology and European folklore, both to show alternative angles in the stories and to explore social issues. Many distinguished poets here were women, and many used folktales as an acceptable social camouflage with which to explore feminist concerns. One of the most celebrated of these poems, Christina Rossetti's 1862 "Goblin Market", remains a source of critical debate.
Andrew Joron wrote in 1981, that over the past decade in the United States "it was possible to create a tradition, that established and defined the genre" of science fiction poetry.
In common with the gradual recognition of science fiction and fantasy as distinct literary genres in the 1930s, science-fictional poetry began publication as a distinct genre in the pulp magazines of the United States. Fantasy-specific Weird Tales (1923–1954) and its brief compatriot Unknown (1939–43) were the only major publishers. They were succeeded by more serious venues including the US-based The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (F&SF) (1949–), the UK-based flagship of the New Wave movement New Worlds while it was under the editorship of Michael Moorcock between 1964 and 1970, and the annual reprint anthologies of F&SF and The Year's Best Science Fiction edited by Judith Merril. These anthologies drew much of their content from mainstream or literary sources.
In the 1960s, anthologies of original speculative material began to be published. F&SF ceased accepting poetry in 1977, a gap in the market taken up by the newly established Asimov's. The Science Fiction Poetry Association (SFPA) was founded by Suzette Haden Elgin the following year. In the 1970s, Elgin's colleague Frederick J. Mayer for some time awarded an annual Clark Ashton Smith Award for best fantastic poetry.
By 1990, Asimov's remained the major news-stand market, but a diverse array of predominantly US-based small press markets had developed, many lasting several decades, and many choosing purely electronic publication post-2000. This is in common with mainstream written poetry in the US over this time.
SFPA (now called the Science Fiction and Fantasy Poetry Association) awards the Rhysling for short- and long-form SF and fantasy poetry awards annually; most winners have been either science fiction or science-themed rather than fantasy or horror. Most Rhysling nominees have been from the small-press poetry journals Dreams & Nightmares, The Magazine of Speculative Poetry, and the SFPA's own journal, Star*Line. Winners are reprinted in the Nebula Awards anthology.
The Horror Writers Association has a separate recognition for single-author collections of horror poetry, the Bram Stoker Award, though there is no facility in the Bram Stoker Award to honour anthologies of horror/weird poetry.
Subgenres and themes
Science fiction
Science fiction poetry's main sources are the sciences and the literary movement of science fiction prose.
Scientifically-informed verse, sometimes termed poetry of science, is a branch that has either scientists and their work or scientific phenomena as its primary focus; it may also use scientific jargon as metaphor. Important collections in this area include the 1985 anthology of predominantly Science-published poems Songs from Distant Worlds. This area often sees work by mainstream poets, and works on these themes dominated the early years of the Rhysling awards.
Mythic
Mythic poetry deals with myth and folklore, with a particular focus on reinterpreting and retelling traditional stories.
Horror
Horror poetry is a subset which, in the same way as horror fiction, concentrates on ghostly, macabre, spectral, supernatural themes. Modern horror poetry may also introduce themes of sadism, violence, gore, and the like.
Weird
Weird poetry is a subset. It differs in several important ways from straightforward modern horror poetry. It arises from the early 20th century literary tradition of 'the weird' also known as weird fiction, in which certain groups of authors collectively attempted to move beyond tired old stories of haunted castles, graveyard ghosts, and suave vampires. It tends to be concerned with the subtly uncanny, and is expressed in macabre and serious tones. The atmospheres of a certain place may be evoked, and the narrator may discover certain weird details of that place which arouse a sense of unexplainable dread. Some weird poetry will describe timeless geological forces or the night sky, trying to harness the feeling of dread to a wider and sublime 'cosmic awe' about mankind's insignificance in the universe. Yet the narrators of such poetry tend to be unreliable, and may perhaps be on the edge of madness. They may describe or hint at unreal nature-defying events which occur in otherwise normal places - although without the overt technical explanation found in science fiction, and without the violence and sadism common to modern post-1970 horror. S. T. Joshi's short book of essays Emperors of Dreams: Some Notes on Weird Poetry (2008) examines a number of key weird poets. While weird poetry has appeared in a vast array of anthologies and journals (both professional and small-press), perhaps the first journal devoted exclusively to this form is Spectral Realms, founded in 2013 by editor S.T. Joshi and published by Hippocampus Press.
Noted poets
See also
New Weird
Scifaiku
Slipstream (genre)
Speculative art
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
Further reading
The Year's Best Science Fiction, edited by Harry Harrison and Brian Aldiss, a nine volume anthology series which included a poetry section in every volume.
August Derleth ed. Dark of the Moon: Poems of Fantasy and the Macabre. Sauk City, WI: Arkham House, 1947. Crucial anthology of 65 poets ranging from border balladeers to moderns.
August Derleth ed. Fire and Sleet and Candlelight: New Poems of the Macabre. Sauk City, WI: Arkham House, 1961. Anthology of 93 poets, mainly moderns.
Elgin, Suzette Haden, The Science Fiction Poetry Handbook, 2005. Sam's Dot Publishing
Frazier, Robert, ed. Burning with a Vision: Poetry of Science and the Fantastic. Philadelphia: Owlswick press, 1984. Fantastic poetry by moderns from Diane Ackerman to Al Zolynas.
Lovecraft, Charles. "Echoes in the Wilderness: Weird Poetry in Australia". Futurian Observer No 1 (new series) (April 2010), pp. 15–16. Pioneering checklist of weird and fantastic poems by Australian writers.
Scott E. Green. Contemporary Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Poetry: A Resource Guide and Biographical Directory (Greenwood Press, 1989)
S.T. Joshi and Steven J. Mariconda, eds. Dreams of fear: Poetry of Terror and the Supernatural. Comprehensive anthology of weird poetry from Homer through to moderns such as Gary William Crawford, Ann K. Schwader, Bruce Boston, G. Sutton Brieding, W.H. Pugmire and Leigh Blackmore.
S.T. Joshi Emperors of Dreams: Some Notes on Weird Poetry. P'rea Press, 2008.
External links
Speculative Poetry: A Symposium, Part 1 of 2 (Strange Horizons)
Speculative Poetry: A Symposium, Part 2 of 2 (Strange Horizons)
The Failure of Genre Poetry by Bruce Boston at the Fortean Bureau
Dialogues by Starlight: Three Approaches to Writing SF Poetry by Michael Collings
Online venues
Abyss & Apex
Eye To The Telescope
Goblin Fruit
Ideomancer
inkscrawl
Journal of Mythic Arts
Niteblade
Mithila Review
Mythic Delirium
Star*Line
Stone Telling
Strange Horizons
Through the Gate
Genres of poetry
Science fiction genres
Fantasy genres |
4043321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strode%27s%20College | Strode's College | Strode's College is a sixth form college located in Egham, Surrey. Its history began in 1704 when Henry Strode bequeathed £6,000 to set up a free school in his native parish of Egham. In the twentieth century Strode's became a boys' grammar school before being designated a sixth form college in 1975. At present it has a roll of 1100 students aged 16 to 18. It achieved an overall pass rate of 98% at A Level and 100% success in 28 A Level subjects, with over a third of its A Level students achieving either one or more A* or A grades. The college also provides a wide range of day and evening Adult Education courses.
In September 2016, the college announced its intention to merge with East Berkshire College in February 2017. Alumni of the college are sometimes referred to as Old Strodians .
History
The college traces its origins to the free school founded by Henry Strode. This school and the Almshouses were built on the same site in Egham in 1706. The original buildings were pulled down. Of their replacements, built in 1828, two ranges of almshouses remain. Listed as historic buildings, they are still in use by the college. The present main college building dates from 1915. The school has been known previously as Strode's School and as Strode's Grammar School from 1919 until 1975, when it became Strode's College.
The Worshipful Company of Coopers
From the time of its foundation the Coopers' Company was the Trustee of Henry Strode's Charity which administered the School but in 1912 the Charity Commissioners drafted a new Scheme which gave the School its own Board of Governors, changed it from an elementary to a secondary school and brought it into the Surrey education system. Under further changes introduced following the 1944 Education Act, the School was granted Voluntary Controlled status as a Boys' Grammar School and the composition of its Governing Body set to include four Foundation Trustees, one of whom, at least, was to be a representative of the company.
The Company continues to provide funds administered by the Foundation Trustees for the benefit of the college.
Notable former students
Susie Amy, actress
Paul Casey, professional golfer
Kirsty Capes, author
Colin Cramphorn, policeman
Sir Roy Gardner, businessman
Adrian Genziani, Olympic rower
Gavin Greenaway, composer and conductor
Hard-Fi band members
Steve Lillywhite CBE, record producer (U2 etc.)
Doon Mackichan, actor and comedian
Aubrey Manning, zoologist and broadcaster
Dennis Pacey, footballer
Elyes Gabel, actor
Mark Stephens, CBE, lawyer and broadcaster
Timothy J. G. Harris, historian
External links
Strode's College Website
The Worshipful Company of Coopers
References
Sixth form colleges in Surrey |
4043325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Toronto%20Blue%20Jays%20broadcasters | List of Toronto Blue Jays broadcasters | This page details the broadcasters for the Toronto Blue Jays Major League Baseball team.
Television
Sportsnet
Buck Martinez, play-by-play announcer, colour commentator (2010–present) (former colour commentator on TSN 1987–2000)
Dan Shulman, play-by-play announcer (2016–present) (50 games per season; formerly on TSN 1995–2001)
Pat Tabler, colour commentator (2001–present)
Jamie Campbell, studio host (2010-present) (former play-by-play announcer on Rogers Sportsnet (2005–2009)
Joe Siddall, studio analyst (2018–present)
Hazel Mae, field-level reporter (2015-present)
TVA Sports (French)
Jacques Doucet, play-by-play announcer (2011–present)
Rodger Brulotte, colour commentator (2011–present)
Radio
Sportsnet 590 the Fan / Toronto Blue Jays Radio Network
Ben Wagner, play-by-play announcer (2018–2020, August 2021–present)
Simulcast of Sportsnet TV audio (April–July 2021)
Former
Radio
Alan Ashby, play-by-play and colour commentator (2007–2012)
Kevin Barker, occasional colour commentator (2018–2020)
Tom Cheek, play-by-play announcer (1977–2004) (deceased; 2013 Ford C. Frick Award winner)
Dirk Hayhurst, substitute colour commentator (2013)
Jerry Howarth, play-by-play announcer (1981–2017)
Gary Matthews, colour commentator (2000–2001)
Jack Morris, colour commentator (2013)
Warren Sawkiw, colour commentator (2005–2006)
Joe Siddall, colour commentator (2014–2017)
Duane Ward, substitute colour commentator (2014–2017)
Mike Wilner, secondary play-by-play announcer (2002–2020) and studio host
Early Wynn, colour commentator (1977–1981) (deceased)
Television
Alan Ashby, substitute play-by-play and colour commentator (2007–2012)
Jesse Barfield, colour commentator (2007–2008)
Rod Black, play-by-play announcer (1999–2009)
Tom Candiotti, colour commentator (2005–2006)
Joe Carter, colour commentator (1999–2000)
John Cerutti, colour commentator (1997–2004) (deceased)
Don Chevrier, play-by-play announcer (1977–1996) (deceased)
Matt Devlin, occasional play-by-play announcer (2013–present)
Rob Faulds, play-by-play announcer (2001–2004), occasional play-by-play announcer (2012-15)
Darrin Fletcher, colour commentator (2005–2009)
Whitey Ford, colour commentator (1977) (deceased)
Elliotte Friedman, play-by-play announcer (2007–2008)
Jim Hughson, play-by-play announcer (1990–1994, 2007–2008) (then lead play-by-play announcer with Hockey Night in Canada)
Tommy Hutton, colour commentator (1990–1996)
Tony Kubek, colour commentator (1977–1989) (2009 Ford C. Frick Award winner)
Tom McKee, Host, field reporter, Producer of Blue Jays Baseball (1977–1992) (2013 George Gross Career Achievement Award)
Rance Mulliniks, colour commentator (2005–2010)
Fergie Olver, play-by-play announcer, field reporter, and host (1981–1996)
Ken Singleton, colour commentator (1985–1986)
Brian Williams, play-by-play announcer (1993–2002)
Gregg Zaun, studio analyst (2011–2017)
Chronology
Television
1990s
1980s
Radio
1990s
See also
MLB on TSN
List of current Major League Baseball announcers
List of Toronto Maple Leafs broadcasters
List of Toronto Raptors broadcasters
References
External links
Bluejays.com: Broadcasters
Toronto Blue Jays
Toronto Blue Jays broadcasters
Toronto Blue Jays broadcasters
Broadcasters
Toronto Blue Jays broadcasters
Toronto Blue Jays broadcasters |
4043348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alive%20at%20the%20Ladybug%20House | Alive at the Ladybug House | Alive at the Ladybug House is the second solo, acoustic album from The Slackers' keyboardist/lead singer, Vic Ruggiero. It was released in 2004. Recorded live at The Ladybug House in Pasadena, CA USA
Track listing
"Mean + Nasty" (2:45)
"Vic's Lament" (2:36)
"'Til the Early Morning" (4:12)
"International War Criminal" (2:58)
"American Psychopath" (2:53)
"20 Flight Rock" (2:45)
"Parking Lot" (3:06)
"Yes It's True" (4:00)
"Animales" (5:44)
"86 The Mayo" (3:06)
References
2004 live albums
Vic Ruggiero albums |
5379772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISU%20Grand%20Prix%20of%20Figure%20Skating | ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating | The ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating (known as ISU Champions Series from 1995 to 1997) is a series of senior international figure skating competitions organized by the International Skating Union. The invitational series was inaugurated in 1995, incorporating several previously existing events. Medals are awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The junior-level equivalent is the ISU Junior Grand Prix.
Seasons
Summary
Competitions
Currently, the sanctioned competitions for the Grand Prix are:
Skate America. First held in 1979 as Norton Skate, the event has been part of the series since 1995 and its location changes yearly.
Skate Canada International. First held in 1973, the event has been part of the series since 1995 and its location changes yearly. It was cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Internationaux de France (Grand Prix International de Paris 1987–93, Trophée de France 1994–95, 2016, Trophée Lalique 1996–2003, and Trophée Éric Bompard 2004–15). First held in 1987, the event has been part of the series since 1995. From 1987 to 2014, it was always held in Paris, with the exception of 1991 (Albertville), 1994 (Lyon), and 1995 (Bordeaux). Since 2014, it has been held in Bordeaux (2014–15), Paris (2016), Grenoble (2017–19, 2021), and Angers (2022–23). It was cancelled after the first day in 2015 due to the November 2015 Paris attacks (the short program/dance results were considered as the final results) and in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
MK John Wilson Trophy. The event replaced Cup of China in 2022 due to strict COVID-19 protocols implemented by the host nation
NHK Trophy. First held in 1979, the event has been part of the series since 1995. The location changes yearly — it has been held in Tokyo, Sapporo, Kobe, Kushiro, Asahikawa, Hiroshima, Chiba, Morioka, Nagoya, Osaka, Nagano, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Fukuoka, and Sendai.
Grand Prix Espoo. The event replaced Rostelecom Cup in 2022 after it was cancelled due to the ISU ban against Russia over the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final (Champions Series Final from 1995 to 1997). Created in 1995 to serve as the concluding event, it features the top six qualifiers in each discipline from the six earlier competitions. The event adopted its current name in the 1998–99 season. Its location changes yearly. It was cancelled in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Suspended competitions
Cup of China. It was created in 2003 and joined the Grand Prix series in the same year, replacing the German event. It has been held in Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin, Nanjing, and Chongqing. It was replaced in 2018 by the Grand Prix of Helsinki and in 2021 by the Gran Premio d'Italia. The event was again cancelled in 2022 due to concerns surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic.
Banned competitions
Rostelecom Cup (Cup of Russia from 1996–2008, 2010). The Prize of Moscow News (1966–1990) having disappeared with the breakup of the Soviet Union, the Cup of Russia was established in 1996 and joined the series in the same year, adopting the name Rostelecom Cup from 2009 onwards (with the exception of 2010). It is generally held in Moscow, but has also been held in Saint Petersburg and Sochi. The event was cancelled in 2022 after the ISU banned participation by the Figure Skating Federation of Russia in international competitions following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Discontinued competitions
Bofrost Cup on Ice (Earlier names: Fujifilm Trophy from 1986 to 1987, Nations Cup from 1995 to 1997, Sparkassen Cup on Ice from 1998 to 2001). First held in 1986, the event was part of the series from 1995 to 2002. Generally held in Gelsenkirchen, the event adopted the name Bofrost Cup on Ice in 2002.
Grand Prix of Helsinki. The event replaced Cup of China in 2018. Cup of China returned to the series during the 2019–20 season.
Gran Premio d'Italia. The event replaced Cup of China in 2021 after it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Background
Fall international competitions such as Skate America, organized by the skating federations of their host countries, had been held for many years prior to being organized into a series as separate individual events. Following the Nancy Kerrigan attack in 1994, television coverage of skating was saturated with made-for-TV professional skating events, while the traditional "amateur" or "eligible" competitions were neglected. In order to remedy this situation, in 1995, the skating federations from the United States, Canada, Germany, France, and Japan began to plan their events as a series with cooperative marketing of the television rights in those countries, and with prize money funded by the sale of those rights. At this point, the International Skating Union stepped in and asserted its ownership of the international television rights to the series.
When it was first created in the 1995–1996 skating season, the series was known as the ISU Champions Series. It did not become known as the Grand Prix of Figure Skating until the 1998–1999 season, when the ISU gained the rights to use that name.
It was originally composed of five events, held in the United States, Canada, Japan, Germany, and France. Following the demise of the Prize of Moscow News, last held in 1990, the Russian federation created the Cup of Russia, which increased the number of events to six in 1996, the series' second year. In the fall of 2003, the event in Germany, the Bofrost Cup on Ice, was discontinued, and was replaced with one in China, due to the ISU having negotiated a more favorable television contract in that country.
In 1997, the ISU also created a similar series of developmental events for junior age-eligible skaters. Initially known as the ISU Junior Series, these events are now named the ISU Junior Grand Prix. This season begins before the senior-level one does.
Qualifying
Skaters are entered in the individual events either by being seeded or by invitation. The seeding of top skaters at Grand Prix events basically takes into account their placement from the previous World Championships, as well as their ISU international ranking. Skaters who are not seeded can be invited by the hosting country and each country can invite up to three of their own skaters for each discipline. This is to give a balanced field throughout the series, as well as allowing the hosting country a chance to showcase their top competitors.
The Grand Prix of Figure Skating uses a points-based system based on results from the selected international events. The top qualifying skaters from each discipline are eligible to compete in the Grand Prix Figure Skating Final. The entry, seeding, and qualification rules for the individual events have varied from year to year, and also between the different disciplines. Currently, skaters are assigned to one or two events.
Starting with the 2003–04 season, the Interim Judging System was introduced for scoring events in the Grand Prix. This later developed into the ISU Judging System, often called the Code of Points (CoP), of figure skating, replacing the previous 6.0 system.
Over the years, the ISU has experimented with different formats for the Grand Prix Final competition. In some years, skaters were required to prepare three different programs rather than the normal two, with the third program being used for a skate-off between the top two finishers in each discipline after the initial rounds. This is no longer the case.
Eligibility
To be eligible for the senior Grand Prix series, skaters are required to have turned 15 by the preceding July 1 (e.g. July 1, 2009 for the 2009–10 series). A skater must meet the age requirement before it turns July 1 in their place of birth. For example, Adelina Sotnikova was born a few hours into July 1, 1996, in Moscow and consequently, was not eligible to compete until the 2011–12 season.
In 2011, minimum score requirements were added to the senior Grand Prix series and set at two-thirds of the top scores at the 2011 World Championships. Prior to competing in a senior Grand Prix event, skaters must earn the following:
The International Skating Union decided that the minimums do not apply to "host picks", i.e. Canadians Adriana DeSanctis and Elladj Baldé were allowed to compete at their home country's event, 2011 Skate Canada, despite failing to reach the minimums at the 2011 Nebelhorn Trophy.
Gold medalists
Men
Ladies
Pairs
Ice dance
† From 1995 to 2002, this spot on the Grand Prix calendar was filled by the German Cup on Ice (which went by several different names in succession). The Cup of China replaced it on the circuit in 2003 and has held that spot ever since, with the exception of 2018, 2021 and 2022, when the Cup of China did not take place; its spots on the calendar were filled that years by the 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki, 2021 Gran Premio d'Italia and 2022 MK John Wilson Trophy respectively. The names of the medalists in this table reflect the winners of those respective events for the years that the Cup of China was not held.
‡ Previously known as the Trophée de France (1995, 2016), Trophée Lalique (1996–2003), and Trophée Éric Bompard (2004–2015).
‡‡ Known since 2009 as the Rostelecom Cup for commercial purposes. It was held until 2022 when the ISU banned participation by the Figure Skating Federation of Russia in international competitions following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Its spot on the calendar was filled by the Grand Prix of Espoo. The names of the medalists in this table reflect the winners of this event for the years that the Cup of Russia was not held.
‡‡‡ Event cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Top gold medalists
Only top 10 positions by number of victories (in each discipline) are shown here. Bold denotes active skater. Skaters who at least once participated in three Grand Prix events within a single season, the Grand Prix Final not included, are marked with an asterisk (*).
References
External links
ISU Grand Prix Main Page
Medals table and winner information, 1995–2002
1998–1999 Grand Prix
1999–2000 Grand Prix
2000–2001 Grand Prix
2001–2002 Grand Prix
2002–2003 Grand Prix
Grand Prix |
5379778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20the%20Holy%20Family%2C%20Singapore | Church of the Holy Family, Singapore | The Church of the Holy Family, also known as Holy Family Church and Katong Catholic Church, is a Roman Catholic church in the Archdiocese of Singapore. It is located at Chapel Road, off East Coast Road, and has one of the largest parish populations in the archdiocese.
History
The church itself was founded in early 1902 by four Eurasian families living in Tanjong Katong. They purchased plots of land in the area, as did Mr James Leonard Scheerder, who developed a coconut plantation around Marine Parade, Chapel Road and East Coast Road. The De La Salle Brothers also bought a plot of land in the area, and is now occupied by St. Patrick's School. Mass was celebrated during the holidays in the buildings they owned along the East Coast, now developed into East Coast Park.
The beginnings of its actual structure only came about shortly after World War I, when Reverend Father Pierre Raudel, the then-parish priest of the Cathedral of the Good Shepherd, approached Scheerder for the donation of some land in Katong to build a chapel for the growing Catholic community in the area. Mr Scheerder conceded to the request on the condition that the land was to be used for the chapel and to be returned to the donor's estate if it were not used by the chapel. Regardless, in 1922, the foundation stone of the chapel was laid. The chapel was completed and consecrated to the Holy Family by Bishop Marie-Luc-Alphonse-Emile Barillon on 11 November 1923. As the growing Catholic community had outgrown the small chapel, the chapel building was demolished in 1931, and while waiting for a new church building to be built, the community conducted their Sunday Mass in Arcadia Cinema.
The full-sized Church of the Holy Family was eventually completed on 19 June 1932. It was blessed and consecrated by Bishop Perrichon. By 1936, the church was made a parish, its first parish priest being Pierre Ruaudel. In 1969, to better accommodate and service the increasing number of Catholics in the area, the church again underwent renovation and extension work which was completed by April 1970. The church hall featured a single large crucifix on a blank wall behind the altar, and this set-up was often decorated with paints, banners and other artwork, changing to appropriately suit the missal theme of the week. David Saul Marshall donated a piece of land to the church, but too late to build an extension upon, and so was then used as a carpark.
Eventually, the increasing numbers of worshippers again outgrew the church. Thus, it was again demolished on 29 December 1997 to make way for the current, larger, 4-storey church building. During this time, Sunday Masses were celebrated in the main hall of Saint Patrick's School while the Weekday masses are held in the school chapel. The new church was completed and consecrated in December 1999, just prior to the start of the second millennium. The car park is on the first floor has space for nearly 200 cars, although this is usually insufficient during most weekend sunset masses, forcing other parishioners to park on roadside. The church hall situated on the second and third storey and accommodates about 3,000 people (2,400 seated, 600 standing), although main masses of days of obligation usually pack the church hall with more parishioners. The centrepiece is the altar with a massive 16-panel stained glass above, depicting the Holy Family and 16 scenes from Jesus' life. The fourth storey houses the Holy Family Kindergarten, four classrooms, a choir room, and a large function room that can accommodate a few hundred people, serving as the canteen on Sundays. The Adoration Room and Our Lady's Grotto are located on the ground floor, and there is also a 2500-niche air-conditioned columbarium located in the basement. The roof of the church is shaped to simulate hands in prayer, pointing toward heaven. Apart from the main church building, there are also other buildings within the parish compound: the Fathers' House, Emmaus Centre and a third building simply called 3 Sea Avenue. 3 Sea Avenue was donated by a parishioner after his death, as he had stated in his will to pass the deed of the building to the church.
Organisation
The church currently has 3 priests administering to a parish population of 8,500. These priests are:
Parish Priest Reverend Adrian Yeo
Reverend Father Stanislaus Pang
Reverend Deacon Clement Chen
The church has the following ministries:
Formation Ministry
Liturgy Ministry
Youth Council
Service Ministry
Legion of Mary
Missionary Ministry
Neighbourhood Small Christian Communities (SCC)
Gallery
References
External links
Church of the Holy Family website
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1999
1902 establishments in Singapore
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Singapore |
5379810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haven%20%28JJ%20Lin%20album%29 | Haven (JJ Lin album) | Haven () is the second studio album by Singaporean singer JJ Lin, released on 8 June 2004 by Ocean Butterflies.
Track listing
"一開始" (In the Beginning)
"第二天堂" (Haven)
"子彈列車" (Bullet Train)
"起床了" (Morning Call)
"豆漿油條" (Perfect Match)
"江南" (River South)
"害怕" (Fear)
"天使心" (Angel)
"森林浴" (In the Woods)
"精靈" (Elf)
"相信無限" (Infinity)
"美人魚" (Mermaid)
"距離" (Distance)
"未完成" (To Be Continued)
"Endless Road"
References
2004 albums
JJ Lin albums |
4043364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Indiana | List of newspapers in Indiana | This is a list of newspapers in Indiana.
Daily newspapersThis is a list of daily newspapers in Indiana. For weekly, monthly or university newspapers, see List of newspapers in Indiana.
List is in order of place of publication
Indiana Republic Times
Anderson Herald Bulletin – Anderson
The Herald Republican – Angola
The Star – Auburn
The Herald Tribune – Batesville
Bedford Times-Mail – Bedford
The Herald-Times – Bloomington
Bluffton News Banner – Bluffton
The Brazil Times – Brazil
Jackson County Banner – Brownstown
Chesterton Tribune – Chesterton
Hoosier Topics – Cloverdale
The daily Clintonian – Clinton
The Post & Mail – Columbia City
The Republic – Columbus
News Examiner – Connersville
The Corydon Democrat – Corydon
Journal Review – Crawfordsville
The Paper of Montgomery County – Crawfordsville
Decatur Daily Democrat – Decatur
News Sun & Evening Star – DeKalb County
Carroll County Comet - Delphi
The Dubois County Herald – Dubois County
The Elkhart Truth – Elkhart
Evansville Courier & Press – Evansville
News 4U – Evansville
The Journal Gazette – Fort Wayne
The News-Sentinel – Fort Wayne
The Times – Frankfort
Daily Journal of Johnson County – Franklin
Goshen News – Goshen
Banner-Graphic – Greencastle
Daily Reporter – Greenfield
Greensburg Daily News – Greensburg
Hartford City News-Times – Hartford City
Herald-Press – Huntington
Indianapolis Business Journal – Indianapolis
Indianapolis Daily Evening Gazette
The Indianapolis Recorder – Indianapolis
The Indianapolis Star – Indianapolis
The Indianapolis Times - Indianapolis
The Indy Outlook – Indianapolis
The Herald – Jasper / Dubois County
Evening News and Tribune – Jeffersonville
The News Sun – Kendallville
Kokomo Tribune – Kokomo
Herald-Argus – La Porte
Journal & Courier – Lafayette
The Daily Sun – Lebanon
Lebanon Reporter – Lebanon
Greene County Daily World – Linton
Pharos-Tribune – Logansport
Madison Courier Online – Madison
Chronicle-Tribune – Marion
Reporter Times – Martinsville
Post-Tribune – Merrillville
The News-Dispatch – Michigan City
The Paper of Montgomery County – Montgomery County
Herald Journal – Monticello
The Star Press – Muncie
Muncie Voice – Muncie
The Times of Northwest Indiana – Munster
The Courier-Times – New Castle
The Farmer's Exchange – New Paris
Newburgh Chandler Register – Newburgh
Noblesville Daily Times – Noblesville
Sagamore News Media – Noblesville
Plain Dealer & Sun – North Vernon
Paoli News-Republican – Paoli
Peru Tribune – Peru
The Flyer Group Newspapers – Plainfield
Shelbyville News – Plainfield
The Pilot News – Plymouth
Commercial Review – Portland
Princeton Daily Clarion – Princeton
Palladium-Item – Richmond
The Rochester Sentinel – Rochester
Rushville Republican – Rushville
Seymour Tribune – Seymour
Shelbyville News – Shelbyville
South Bend Tribune – South Bend
Spencer Evening World – Spencer
Journal of Business – Terre Haute
Tribune-Star – Terre Haute
Osgood Journal – Versailles
Versailles Republican – Versailles
Vincennes Sun-Commercial – Vincennes
Wabash Plain Dealer – Wabash
Times-Union – Warsaw
Washington Times-Herald – Washington
Times Sentinel – ZionsvilleWeekly newspapers
El Tribuna de Indianapolis – Indianapolis
The Fountain County Neighbor – Attica
AvilLaOtto NooZ – Avilla, Indiana's first email newspaper
Hendricks County Flyer – Avon
Journal-Press – Aurora
Times - Crothersville}
Frost Illustrated – Fort Wayne
Ink newspaper – Fort Wayne
The Waynedale News – Fort Wayne
The Neighbor – Fountain and Warren Counties
The Benton Review – Fowler
Gary Crusader – Gary
The Franklin Township Informer – Indianapolis
National Jewish Post and Opinion – Indianapolis
NUVO – Indianapolis
The Southside Times – Indianapolis
Kendallville Mall – Kendallville
Newton County Enterprise – Kentland
Parke County Sentinel – Rockville
Kokomo Perspective – Kokomo
Dearborn County Register – Lawrenceburg
Mt. Vernon Democrat – Mt. Vernon
Brown County Democrat – Nashville
Posey County News – New Harmony
The News-Journal – North Manchester
Spencer County Journal Democrat – Rockport
The Sheridan News – Sheridan
Perry County News – Tell City
The Review Republican – Williamsport
The Regional News – LaCrosse
Westville Indicator – Westville
West Side Community News, Indianapolis, Indiana
West Indianapolis Community News, Indianapolis, Indiana
Biweekly newspapers
The Indiana Weekender – Indianapolis
Mooresville Times – Mooresville
The News-Gazette – Winchester
The AD Paper – Columbia City
Monthly newspapers
Aboite & About – Fort Wayne and Roanoke
Special Edition – Greenfield
Our Hometown News – Avilla & Noble County
The Muncie Times – Muncie (bi-monthly)
The Beacon – Southeastern Indiana
The Village Sampler – Broad Ripple Village, Indianapolis, Published June 1987 - December 1998
Newspapers in languages other than English
Makedonska Tribuna (Macedonian Tribune) – Fort Wayne (Macedonian)
La Voz de Indiana – Indianapolis (bilingual – English and Spanish)
Magyarsag – South Bend (Hungarian)
El Tribuna de Indianapolis – Indianapolis (bilingual – English and Spanish)
El Tribuna de Lafayette – Lafayette (bilingual – English and Spanish)
El Tribuna de Fort Wayne – Fort Wayne (bilingual – English and Spanish)
University newspapers
The Andersonian – Anderson University
The Ball State Daily News – Ball State University
The Butler Collegian – Butler University
Earlham College Word – Earlham College
The Franklin - Franklin College
Goshen College Record – Goshen College
Indiana Daily Student – Indiana University Bloomington
The Campus Citizen – Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI)
The Communicator – Indiana University Purdue University at Fort Wayne (IPFW)
The Preface – Indiana University South Bend
The Horizon – Indiana University Southeast
Indiana Statesman – Indiana State University
The Phoenix – Marian University
Purdue Exponent – Purdue University
The Chronicle – Purdue University Calumet
The Irish Rover – University of Notre Dame
The Observer – University of Notre Dame
The Shield – University of Southern Indiana
The Torch – Valparaiso University
The Bachelor – Wabash College
The Reflector – University of Indianapolis
See also
References |
4043368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whalley%20railway%20station | Whalley railway station | Whalley railway station serves the village of Whalley in Lancashire, England. The station lies on the Ribble Valley Line north of Blackburn. The station has two platforms, slightly offset from each other. It is unstaffed, with shelters on each platform. Immediately beyond its eastern end, the line crosses the River Calder on a long, brick viaduct of 48 arches.
History
The station was opened on 22 June 1850 by the Bolton, Blackburn, Clitheroe and West Yorkshire Railway when it opened the line from , near Blackburn to Hellifield Junction, just south of . The station was host to a LMS caravan from 1934 to 1936.
It was closed on 10 September 1962 by the British Transport Commission and reopened with the rest of the line on 29 May 1994.
Facilities
There is a Ticket Vending Machine on the Manchester platform. However, there are customer help points on both platforms, automated train running announcements and timetable information posters are provided. Step free access is only available on the Manchester bound platform.
Services
There is generally an hourly service daily (including Sundays) northbound to Clitheroe and southbound to Blackburn, and Manchester Victoria and on to Rochdale, with extra trains during peak hours.
On Sundays in the summer, one or two 'Dalesrail' trains operate from Preston or Blackpool North along the Ribble Valley Line via Clitheroe to Hellifield, and onwards towards Settle and Carlisle. These also run in winter but terminate at Hellifield, where connections for stations to Carlisle can be made.
References
External links
The history of Whalley Railway Station - Ribble Valley Railway
Railway stations in Ribble Valley
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1850
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1962
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1994
Reopened railway stations in Great Britain
Northern franchise railway stations |
4043371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rascalz | Rascalz | Rascalz are a Canadian hip-hop group from Vancouver, British Columbia, who played a crucial role in the artistic and commercial development of Canadian hip hop as well as specifically for the Westcoast scene in Vancouver popularizing the term “Van City”. The group consists of emcees Red1 and Misfit, and record producer DJ Kemo. Breakdancers Zebroc and Dedos were also part of the group.
History
Formed in 1991, the group released an independent album for Calabash Records in 1992. The album, Really Livin, was recorded under the name of Ragga Muffin Rascals, and a reworked major label recording was released the following year in 1993 by Sony Music Canada. Both versions of the album received Juno Award nominations for Best Rap Recording, the Calabash Records version at the Juno Awards of 1993 and the Sony version at the Juno Awards of 1995. In 1994, the group started Figure IV Records. The Rascalz are not Vancouver's first rap group, and have quoted acts such as EQ, Craig Crush and Mike D'Zire as influences.
The group moved to BMG Canada in 1997 to record Cash Crop.
Juno Award protest
Cash Crop was nominated for Best Rap Recording at the Juno Awards of 1998. Due to Canadian hip hop's limited commercial visibility in the era, however, the rap award had never been presented during the main Juno ceremony, instead being relegated to the untelevised technical awards ceremony during the previous evening. This fact had previously been criticized for creating a barrier to the commercial visibility of Canadian hip hop.
The band won the award, but alleged that racism was a factor in the award's disadvantageous scheduling, explicitly declined the award on that basis. The band had not yet arrived at the ceremony when the award was announced—when they did arrive, they were simply pulled aside and told that they had won the award.
Their move sparked considerable media debate about the state of Canadian hip hop. As a result of the controversy, the Juno Awards moved the rap category to the main ceremony the following year.
"Northern Touch"
Also in 1998, Rascalz wrote a special one-off single called "Northern Touch", which they recorded with guest rappers Checkmate, Kardinal Offishall, Thrust and Choclair. The music video was directed by Little X and featured Melyssa Ford. Although not on the original pressing of Cash Crop, the song was released as a single, and was quickly adopted as an anthem for Canadian hip hop's resilience and determination. The song broke the odds to become the first Canadian hip hop hit since 1991.
At the Juno Awards of 1999, the first time the rap award was presented during the televised ceremony, Rascalz won the award for "Northern Touch", and performed the song live at the ceremony in Hamilton. This represented the first time that a hip hop band had ever performed on the Juno Awards stage.
Later releases
Rascalz released Global Warning in 1999. The album contained the hit single "Priceless" (a collaboration with Esthero).
In 2001 the group performed in Charlottetown, PEI, with Kardinal Offishall, IRS and Jelleestone.
The hit song "Crazy World" (featuring Notch and Sazon Diamante) appeared on 2002's album Reloaded. They also recorded a song called "Top of the World" from the Global Warning album, and it featured K-os and Barrington Levy.
Red1 released a solo album, Beg For Nothing on March 6, 2007, through his own Killawatt Records.
The original release of Really Livin was pressed for first time on limited release vinyl in 2019 on Smoke In Records.
The Rascalz have officially retired from producing new music for over a decade, however still perform occasionally.
In 2021, the Rascalz were credited with their first guest appearance for a Canadian artist in over a decade on the track 'Note To The City' by Boslen. The song appeared on his album album 'Dusk to Dawn' and was released by Chaos Club Digital/ Capitol Music Group. The actual segment is a sample of Red1's verse on Blind Wid Da Science off their 1997 Cash Crop album.
Discography
Independent albums
Really Livin''' (1992)
Studio albums
Really Livin (1993) (reworked major label re-release)
Cash Crop (1997)
Global Warning (1999)
Reloaded (2002)
Solo projects
Red1 – Beg for Nothing'' (2007)
See also
Canadian hip hop
Music of Canada
References
External links
Rascalz
Red1
Canadian hip hop groups
Musical groups established in 1991
Musical groups from Vancouver
1991 establishments in British Columbia
Juno Award for Rap Recording of the Year winners |
4043387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science%20Fiction%20Poetry%20Association | Science Fiction Poetry Association | The Science Fiction & Fantasy Poetry Association (SFPA) is a society based in the United States with the aim of fostering an international community of writers and readers interested in poetry pertaining to the genres of science fiction, fantasy, and/or horror. The SFPA oversees the quarterly production of literary journals dedicated to speculative poetry and the annual publication of anthologies associated with awards administered by the organization, i.e. the Rhysling Awards for year's best speculative poems in two length categories and the Dwarf Stars Award for year's best very short speculative poem. Every year since 2013, the SFPA has additionally administered the Elgin Awards for best full-length speculative poetry collection and best speculative chapbook.
History
The SFPA was established as the Science Fiction Poetry Association in 1978 by author and linguist Suzette Haden Elgin.
Elizabeth Chater served as the first president of the SFPA, followed by Gene Wolf. Other SFPA presidents have included Deborah P Kolodji, David C. Kopaska-Merkel, Bryan D. Dietrich, and, most recently, Bryan Thao Worra.
In 2017, members of the SFPA voted to rename the organization the "Science Fiction & Fantasy Poetry Association," while maintaining the acronym "SFPA."
Since 1978, the organization has overseen the production of the speculative poetry journal Star*Line, currently edited by Jean-Paul Garnier. In addition to publishing poetry and reviews of books released in the relevant genres, Star*Line provides SFPA members and other subscribers with market listings and industry news bulletins. Past editors include Vince Gotera, F. J. Bergmann, Marge Simon, and founder Suzette Haden Elgin.
Since 2011, the SFPA has additionally published the online poetry magazine Eye to the Telescope. In order to broaden the scope of the organization's literary footprint, Eye to the Telescope has a rotating editorship, with a different editor responsible for selecting the theme and contents of each issue of the journal.
Publications
Journals
Star*Line (1978- )
Eye to the Telescope (2011- )
Annual anthologies
Rhysling Anthology (1981- )
Dwarf Stars (2006- )
Books
The Science Fiction Poetry Handbook by Suzette Haden Elgin (2005, Sam's Dot Publishing)
The Alchemy of Stars, ed. Roger Dutcher and Mike Allen (2005, Prime Books)
The Alchemy of Stars II, ed. Sandra J. Lindow (2019, SFPA)
Awards
Since its inception in 1978, the organization has administered the Rhysling Award for best science fiction poetry of the year. The award is given in two categories: "Best Long Poem" for works of 50 or more lines and "Best Short Poem" for works of 49 or fewer lines. The SFPA also bestows the Dwarf Stars Award for short poem (up to ten lines). Since the 1980s the Rhysling-winning poems are included in the Nebula Awards anthology published by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, along with (since 2008) the Dwarf Stars winning poems. The two awards involve the publication of annual anthologies of nominated works.
In 2013, SFPA inaugurated the Elgin Awards for poetry collections, named after SFPA founder Suzette Haden Elgin. Two awards are given annually, for best speculative chapbook and best full-length speculative poetry collection.
Since 1999, the SFPA has intermittently conferred Grand Master status on select poets who "for a period of no fewer than 20 years" have been actively publishing speculative poetry deemed "exceptional in merit, scope, vision and innovation." Poets must be living to be considered for the honor. Recipients of the award include Ray Bradbury in 2008 and Jane Yolen in 2010.
See also
Speculative poetry
List of speculative poets
References
External links
Science fiction organizations
Poetry organizations
Arts organizations established in 1978
American writers' organizations |
4043405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluicing | Sluicing | In syntax, sluicing is a type of ellipsis that occurs in both direct and indirect interrogative clauses. The ellipsis is introduced by a wh-expression, whereby in most cases, everything except the wh-expression is elided from the clause. Sluicing has been studied in detail in the early 21st century and it is therefore a relatively well-understood type of ellipsis. Sluicing occurs in many languages.
Basic examples
Sluicing is illustrated with the following examples. In each case, an embedded question is understood though only a question word or phrase is pronounced. (The intended interpretations of the question-denoting elliptical clause are given in parentheses; parts of these are anaphoric to the boldface material in the antecedent.)
Phoebe ate something, but she doesn't know what. (=what she ate)
Jon doesn't like the lentils, but he doesn't know why. (=why he doesn't like the lentils)
Someone has eaten the soup. Unfortunately, I don't know who. (=who has eaten the soup)
Sluicing in these examples occurs in indirect questions. It is also frequent in direct questions across speakers, e.g.
Somebody is coming for dinner tonight. - Who? (=Who is coming for dinner tonight)?
They put something in the mailbox. - What? (=What did they put in the mailbox)?
The examples of sluicing above have the sluiced material following its antecedent. This material can also precede its antecedent, e.g.
I don't know why, but the pictures have been moved. (=why the pictures have been moved)
When and how is unclear, but somebody should say something. (=when and how somebody should say something)
Jason Merchant (2001) states that these and other examples of sluicing can be organized into four categories of sluicing constructions. These types include sluices with adjunct wh-phrases, sluices with overt correlates, sluices with implicit arguments and contrast sluices. The first type refers to when the wh-phrase does not have an elided copy of the antecedent but is an adjunct. The following example from Ali Algryani (2019) shows this:
Zayd rāḥ, lakǝn ma-adri mita /wein.
Zayd left.3MS but NEG-know.1S when/where
‘Zayd left, but I don’t know when/where.’
The second type refers to a correlate in the antecedent clause that is indefinite. This is shown in the above example about someone eating the soup, with ‘someone’ being the indefinite correlate of ‘who’. The third type of sluicing construction refers to when the wh-word is not referring to a term in the antecedent but is referring to an object that corresponds to the preceding verb. The following example from Algryani (2019) shows this:
Fatema təqra, lakǝn ma-ʕaraf eiš.
Fatema read.3FS but NEG-know.1S what
‘Fatema is reading, but I don’t know what.’
The final type of sluicing construction occurs when the elided material correspondent contrasts that of what is in the antecedent. The following example from Algryani (2019) shows this:
Zayd ʕand-ah walad, lakǝn ma-adri kam bent.
Zayd has.3MS son but NEG-know.1S how many daughter
‘Zayd has a son, but I don’t know how many daughters.’
Theoretical approaches to sluicing
There are two theoretical approaches that have been proposed for how sluicing occurs in languages. Ross (1969) is the first examination of sluicing; he argued that sluicing involves regular wh-fronting followed by deletion of the sister constituent of the wh-phrase. This analysis has been expanded in greater detail in Merchant (2001), the most comprehensive treatise on sluicing to date. A second kind of analysis is represented by Ginzburg and Sag (2000) and Culicover and Jackendoff (2005), both of which present nonstructural analyses of ellipsis, and do not posit unpronounced elliptical material. Yet another account of sluicing builds on the catena unit; the elided material is a catena.
Movement approach
The movement approach states that sluicing is a product of the syntactic derivation in which an embedded clause is built in the syntax and then the wh-phrase within the embedded clause moves outside of the constituent to the position of SpecCP (specifier to the complementizer phrase). These steps are then followed by the deletion (and therefore non-pronunciation) of the tense phrase node that contains the rest of the clause. Evidence for this approach is seen in the connectivity effects of case marking, binding and preposition stranding as outlined in Merchant (2001).
Case-marking in sluicing
Interrogative phrases in languages with morphological case-marking show the case appropriate to the understood verb as Ross, (1969) and Merchant, (2001), illustrated here with the German verb "schmeicheln" (to flatter), which governs the dative case on its object.
Er hat jemandem geschmeichelt, aber ich weiß nicht, wem.
he has someone.DAT flattered but I know not who.DAT
"He flattered someone, but I don't know who."
The sluiced wh-phrase must bear the same case that its counterpart in a non-elided structure would bear Merchant, (2001).
Preposition-stranding in sluicing
It has been concluded that languages that forbid preposition-stranding in question formation also forbid it in sluicing Merchant (2001), Stjepanovic, (2008), as in the following example from German:
Er hat mit jemandem gesprochen, aber ich weiß nicht, *(mit) wem.
he has with someone spoken but I know not with who
"He spoke with someone, but I don't know (with) who."
Examples of languages where p-stranding does not occur are Greek, German, and Russian.
Much research has been done to determine if sluicing can allow for preposition-stranding in a non-preposition-stranding language. Stjepanović, (2008) conducted research on whether this is possible in the non-preposition-stranding language, Serbo-Croatian. She concluded that there is not enough evidence to contradict the initial claim made by Ross. However, she did find that a preposition may be lost or removed from a sentence under sluicing in Serbo-Croatian. More research is to be conducted to confirm the official cause of this preposition-loss.
An example of the preposition-loss shown by Stjepanović, (2008) is displayed below.
Petar je sakrio igradku ispod jedne stolice i pored jednog zida, ali ne znam (ispod) koje stolice i (pored) kojeg zida.
Gloss Petar is hidden toy under one chair.GEN and beside one wall. gen but not I.know under which chair.GEN and beside which wall.GEN 4
Translation Petar hid the toy under a chair and beside a wall, but I don't know which chair and which wall.'
Binding
Merchant (2003) demonstrates that binding supports the movement approach using the following sentence:
Every linguist1 criticized some of his1 work, but I’m not sure how much of his1 work [every linguist1 criticized t]
In order for the second “his work” to refer to “every linguist” in the above example, it must be c-commanded by its antecedent within its local domain. Here, “his work” could not be coreferential with the subject: “every linguist” at the beginning of the sentence because it is outside of its local domain. This provides evidence that “his work” originally started off in the elided constituent where it could be c-commanded and in the local domain of that “every linguist” before it moved out of the clause.
Non-movement approach
There are also several theoretical approaches to sluicing that do not involve the movement of the wh-phrase out of the embedded clause. These approaches include PF deletion and LF copying. PF deletion as proposed in Lasnik (2007) states that the TP within the embedded clause is null and has syntactic structure within it that is elided following a wh-movement operation. The other approach, LF copying, is a process proposed by Lobeck (1995) in which the original structure of a sluicing phrase is one in which the wh-word originates in the SpecCP position of the embedded clause and a null phrase marker (marked e) occupies the position of the tense phrase of the embedded clause. This is the extent of the syntactic derivation. After this structure is derived, it is sent off for semantic interpretation, to logical form, in which the implied material in the tense phrase is then present for our full understanding of the sentence. The evidence for this approach is that it is able to account for islands in sluicing as is discussed below.
Islands in sluicing
Sluicing has garnered considerable attention because it appears, as Ross (1969) first discussed, to allow wh-fronting to violate the island conditions he discovered:
They want to hire someone who speaks a Balkan language, but I don't remember which one. (=*which one they want to hire someone who speaks)
Sluicing allows a sentence that contains an island to retain its meaning and remain grammatical. As mentioned by Abels, (2018), there is an ongoing debate on whether this can happen in all situations or if it is island dependent.
A biography of one of the Marx brothers will be published later this year, guess which (of the Marx brothers) [a biography of which of the Marx brothers] will be published later this year.
A biography of one of the Marx brothers will be published later this year, guess which.
The first example is ungrammatical because the island prevents us from moving anything out of the subject constituent (shown in square brackets). The second example is saved through sluicing as the island is sluiced and the meaning can be inferred from the context of the sentence, therefore maintaining the meaning and remaining grammatical.
Multiple sluicing
In some languages, sluicing can leave behind more than one wh-phrase (multiple remnant sluicing):
Someone wants to eat something. ?I wish I knew who what. (=who wants to eat what)
?Something is causing someone big problems, although it's not clear what who. (=what is causing who big problems)
Sentences like these are considered acceptable in languages like German, Japanese, Chinese, Turkish, Russian, and others, although in English, their acceptability seems marginal (but see Bolinger 1978, Merchant 2001, and Richards 2010 for examples). Lasnik 2014 discusses the fact that the wh-phrase remnants in multiple sluicing must be clausemates:
*Someone told me that something broke, but I don't remember who what. (≠who told me that what broke)
Issues with different approaches to sluicing
Only the catena-based approach handles multiple sluicing without further elaboration. The structural movement analysis must rely on some other type of movement to evacuate the noninitial wh-phrase from the ellipsis site; proposals for this additional movement include extraposition or shifting and need to be able to account for islands in sluicing. The nonstructural analysis must add phrase-structure rules to allow an interrogative clause to consist of multiple wh-phrases and be able to account for connectivity effects. The catena-based approach, however, does not account for the locality facts; since catenae can span multiple clauses, the fact that multiply-sluiced wh-phrases must be clausemates is a mystery.
Sluicing in other languages
Omani Arabic
Sluicing has also been analyzed in Omani Arabi as is shown in Algryani (2019). All four of the above stated sluicing constructions outlined by Merchant (2001) are accounted for in Omani Arabic.
Algryani (2019) displays the different constructions in the following examples:
Sluices with Adjunct Wh-Phrases
Zayd rāḥ, lakǝn ma-adri mita /wein.
Zayd left.3MS but NEG-know.1S when/where
‘Zayd left, but I don’t know when/where.’
Sluices with Overt Correlates
Zaid qabǝl ḥad, lakǝn ma-aʕraf mi:n.
Zaid met.3MS someone but NEG-know.1S. who
‘Zaid met someone, but I don’t know who.’
Sluices with Implicit Arguments
Fatema təqra, lakǝn ma-ʕaraf eiš.
Fatema read.3FS but NEG-know.1S what
‘Fatema is reading, but I don’t know what.’
Contrast Sluices
Zayd ʕand-ah walad, lakǝn ma-adri kam bent.
Zayd has.3MS son but NEG-know.1S how many daughter
‘Zayd has a son, but I don’t know how many daughters.’
Danish
The following example from Merchant, (2003) displays sluicing in Danish:
Peter har snakket med en eller anden, men jeg ved ikke hvem.
Peter has talked with one or another but I know not who.
Peter has talked with someone, but I don't know who.
German
The following example from Abels, (2018) displays sluicing in German:
Hans will jemandem helfen, aber ich weiß nicht wem.
Hans wants someone help but I know not whom.
Hans wants to help someone, but I don't know whom.
Japanese
The following example from Merchant (2003) displays sluicing in Japanese:
Abby-ga dareka-o mi-ta ga, watashi-wa dare ka wakaranai.
Abby-NOM someone-ACC see-PAST but I-TOP who Q know.not
‘Abby saw someone, but I don’t know who.’
Korean
The following example from Kim & Sells (2013) displays sluicing in Korean:
Mimi-ka khu-n cha-lul sa-ss-nuntey, elmana khu-nci molukeyssta
Mimi-NOM big-MOD car-ACC buy-PAST-but how big-QCOMP not.know
‘Mimi bought a big car, but I don’t know how big.’
See also
Ellipsis (linguistics)
Verb phrase ellipsis
Notes
References
Abels, K. 2018. Movement and Islands. The Oxford Handbook of Ellipsis, 16, 1-43.
Bolinger, Dwight. 1978. Asking more than one thing at a time. In Henry Hiz (ed.), Questions, 107–150. Reidel: Dordrecht.
Chiu, Liching. 2007. A Focus Movement Account on Multiple Sluicing in Mandarin Chinese Nanzan Linguistics. Special Issue Vol. 1. P.23-31.
Chung, Sandra, William Ladusaw, and James McCloskey. 1995. Sluicing and Logical Form. Natural Language Semantics 3, 239–282.
Culicover, Peter and Ray Jackendoff. 2005. Simpler Syntax. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Ginzburg, Jonathan and Ivan Sag. 2000. Interrogative Investigations. CSLI Publications: Stanford, Calif.
Kim, J. B., & Sells, P. (2013). Sluicing in Korean. Talk Presented at Structure and Evidence in Linguistics. Sanford University, CA.
Lasnik, Howard. 2007. On Ellipsis: The PF approach to missing constituents. In A. Conroy, C. Jing, C. Nakao & E. Takahashi (Eds.), Working Papers in Linguistics 15 (pp. 143–153). University of Maryland, College Park.
Lasnik, Howard. 2014. Multiple sluicing in English? Syntax 17, 1, 1-20.
Lobeck, Anne. 1995. Ellipsis: Functional heads, licensing, and identification. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Merchant, Jason. 2001. The syntax of silence: Sluicing, identity, and the theory of ellipsis. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Merchant, J. (2003). SynCom Case 98 Sluicing
Osborne, Timothy, Michael Putnam, and Thomas Groß 2013. Catenae: Introducing a novel unit of syntactic analysis. Syntax 15, 4, 354–396.
Osborne, Timothy (to appear). Dependency grammar. In The Oxford Handbook of Ellipsis. Oxford University Press.
Richards, Norvin. 2010. Uttering trees. MIT Press: Cambridge, Mass.
Ross, John R. 1969. Guess who? in CLS 5: Papers from the fifth regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, eds. Robert Binnick, Alice Davison, Georgia Green, and Jerry Morgan, 252–286. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Linguistic Society.
Stjepanović, S. 2008. P-stranding under Sluicing in a Non-P-Stranding Language? Linguistic Inquiry, 39(1), 179–190.
Syntactic entities
Syntactic transformation |
4043407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware%20River%E2%80%93Turnpike%20Toll%20Bridge | Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge | The Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge is a four-lane, steel through arch bridge crossing the Delaware River between Burlington Township, Burlington County, New Jersey and Bristol Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. As a part of Interstate 95, it is a major highway link between Philadelphia and New York City. The bridge also connects the Pennsylvania Turnpike's east-west mainline with the main trunk of the New Jersey Turnpike, via the Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension (formerly known as the Pennsylvania Extension). Tolls are collected only in the west/southbound direction via electronic toll collection.
History
The bridge was built by both the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC) and the New Jersey Turnpike Authority (NJTA) when the PTC completed the "Delaware River Extension" of the Pennsylvania Turnpike between Valley Forge and Bristol Township in 1955, while the NJTA built the NJ Turnpike between Penns Grove and Ridgefield Park between 1950 and 1952. While the Pennsylvania Turnpike itself predates its New Jersey counterpart by over 10 years (the original Irwin-Carlisle section opened in 1940), the expansion of the Pennsylvania Turnpike to a cross-state highway was put on hold for the duration of World War II.
Starting with the upsurge of automobile traffic in 1946, the Pennsylvania Turnpike expanded from the original highway west from Irwin to the Ohio border and east from Carlisle to Valley Forge. At the same time, New Jersey, lacking a high-speed corridor, undertook the building of the New Jersey Turnpike under the auspices of then-Governor of New Jersey Alfred E. Driscoll. In order to provide a high-speed, low-interruption route from New York City to the Midwest, both the PTC and the NJTA undertook the building of the Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge (known locally as the "Turnpike Connector Bridge") to connect the two highways. A local AAA chapter spearheaded a failed effort to have the bridge named after William Penn.
To maintain the "high-speed, low-interruption" characteristics ("low interruption" referring to the few stops needed to pay tolls or fuel up at the numerous full-service plazas on both routes), the new bridge was designed from the beginning as a high-level crossing. This sharply contrasts with the Tacony–Palmyra Bridge and the Burlington–Bristol Bridge located downstream as they are both drawbridges, and are subject to frequent openings to allow large ships up and down stream (all other bridges downstream from the Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge are high level crossings).
On January 3, 2016, the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission implemented cashless tolling via either E-ZPass or TOLL BY PLATE, which uses automatic license plate recognition to take a photo of the vehicle's license plate and mail a bill to the vehicle owner. The toll is collected only from traffic crossing into Pennsylvania, as with the other bridges across the Delaware River.
On January 20, 2017, the bridge was closed after a fracture was discovered in a steel component. On February 3, 2017, Pennsylvania Turnpike officials announced that the bridge would remain closed until at least April 2017. The failure was located in an I-beam located approximately above ground on the Pennsylvania side and caused the bridge to drop by about . Steel plates were installed as a temporary patch to stabilize the bridge and prevent further movement. The Assistant Chief Engineer for the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission stated that ..."the crack likely was caused by a combination of factors, including age and plug welds that were commonly used in the 1950s to fill mistakenly drilled holes." The bridge reopened to traffic on March 9, 2017, with unseasonably warm weather helping speed up work in repairing the bridge.
On September 22, 2018, the bridge became part of Interstate 95 when the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project's first components of construction were completed. Previously, the Pennsylvania side of the bridge was considered part of Interstate 276.
Maintenance
The Turnpike Connector bridge is operated jointly by the PTC and the NJTA, neither of which is subject to the interstate rules and regulations of the other dual-state authorities — Delaware River Port Authority (DRPA); Burlington County Bridge Commission (BCBC); Delaware River and Bay Authority (DRBA); and the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission (DRJTBC) — which operate nearly all other bridges across the Delaware River (except for the Dingman's Ferry Bridge, which is privately owned). Each state is responsible for its half of the bridge up to the state line (as evident in a recent redecking project in which the PTC redecked its half of the bridge with fresh concrete first, with the NJTA following later in a separate project).
In 2011, the NJTA and PTC undertook an investigation of the existing suspender system on the main span. Based on destructive testing of suspenders from the similar Newark Bay Bridge, consultants HNTB determined that the Delaware River bridge's suspenders had limited remaining service life and needed to be replaced. At each suspender location, the load from each original wire rope was transferred into a set of four new wire ropes, after which the original suspender was cut. The project was completed in August 2013.
Future construction
The final component of the direct interchange project between the Pennsylvania Turnpike and Interstate 95 in Bristol Township is the replacement of the Delaware River Bridge. As originally planned, a second, parallel span of the bridge identical in appearance to the original 1956 span was to be constructed. However, in March 2020 the New Jersey Turnpike Authority announced in their capital improvement plan that the 1956 span will be replaced and a new study will be formed to determine the design of the new roadways. The new bridge is not planned to begin construction until at least 2025.
See also
List of crossings of the Delaware River
References
External links
PhillyRoads.com: Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge
Through arch bridges in the United States
Continuous truss bridges in the United States
Toll bridges in New Jersey
Toll bridges in Pennsylvania
Bridges over the Delaware River
Interstate 95
Bridges completed in 1956
Bridges in Burlington County, New Jersey
Bridges in Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Tolled sections of Interstate Highways
Road bridges in New Jersey
Road bridges in Pennsylvania
New Jersey Turnpike
Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission
Bridges on the Interstate Highway System
Steel bridges in the United States
Interstate vehicle bridges in the United States |
4043418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Kruj%C3%AB | Siege of Krujë | The siege of Krujë refers to four attempts of the Ottoman Empire to capture Krujë in Albania during the 15th century.
First Siege of Krujë, 1450
Second Siege of Krujë, 1466
Third Siege of Krujë, 1467
Fourth Siege of Krujë, 1478 |
4043426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UST%20Angelicum%20College | UST Angelicum College | The UST Angelicum College is a private Catholic basic and higher education institution run by the Philippine Dominican Province of the Order of Preachers located in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines. It was founded in July 1972 by the Dominican priest Rev. Fr. Rogelio B. Alarcon, OP who became its first rector. UST Angelicum is an official member of the Dominican Network. It attained Level II Primary Accreditation conducted by PAASCU
Integration with University of Santo Tomas
In academic year 2018-19, Angelicum College was renamed University of Santo Tomas – Angelicum College as per a memorandum of agreement signed on June 29, 2017. The renaming was part of plans to oversee and integrate with other Dominican educational institutions in the Philippines.
The existing Board of Trustees of Angelicum was dissolved and a new one was formed composed of 12 members, 9 from UST Manila and 3 from Angelicum College but retained its independence in handling its own administrative and financial affairs. UST Rector Fr. Herminio Dagohoy, O.P. became Chief Executive Officer and College Rector while former Angelicum College Rector Fr. Ferdinand Bautista, O.P. became Chief Operating Officer. As part of the integration process, Rev. Fr. Herminio Dagohoy, O.P. planned to implement new policies and programs to improve Angelicum College's approach to education.
Notable alumni
Sarah Christophers, actress
Dianne dela Fuente, actress and singer
Sarah Geronimo, singer, actress, television personality, and record producer
Nicole Kim Donesa, actress, singer, and beauty queen
Yasmien Kurdi, singer-songwriter, actor, and commercial model
Derrick Monasterio, actor and singer
Kurt Perez, child actor
Julie Anne San Jose, singer, songwriter, actress, and television personality
Empress Schuck, actress
Bernadette Sembrano, reporter, newscaster, and television host
Antonio Trillanes, politician
Lauren Young, actress and model
See also
University of Santo Tomas
University of Santo Tomas - Legazpi
References
External links
Angelicum School official website
Universities and colleges in Quezon City
Catholic universities and colleges in Metro Manila
Dominican educational institutions in the Philippines
Liberal arts colleges in the Philippines
Educational institutions established in 1972
1972 establishments in the Philippines |
4043443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristine%20Mann | Kristine Mann | Kristine Mann (August 29, 1873 – 1945) was an American educator and physician, with a particular interest in working women's health. She was an early practitioner of psychoanalysis in North America.
Early life and education
Kristine Mann was born August 29, 1873 in Orange, New Jersey. In 1885 Kristine and her family began spending summers at Bailey Island (Maine), a location that was reminiscent of her mother's native Denmark. Summering at Bailey Island would prove to be a lifelong ritual for Kristine.
Kristine's education began at age four at the Dearborn Morgan School in Orange which she graduated from at age eighteen. In 1891 she entered Smith College receiving an A.B. in 1895. From there she returned to Orange where she helped her father as editor of the New Church Messenger, the official organ of the Swedenborgian General Convention. However, her father's conflicts with the New Church were deepening to the point that in 1897 ties were severed and Mann founded a new society in Elkhart, Indiana and a new periodical called The Secular Church. Mann was a follower of Henry James Sr., whose anti-ecclesiastical approach had brought him into conflict with the New Church in Chicago, resulting in the family moving to Orange. Thus Kristine grew up in a somewhat unorthodox New Church family setting.
She began the study of anatomy at Women's Medical School in 1907 she entered Cornell Medical School receiving her medical degree in 1913. At Cornell she met Eleanor Bertine who would become a lifelong friend and colleague.
Teaching career and interest in women's health
Kristine Mann remained in Orange, teaching science at the Dearborn Morgan School. In 1899 she went to Berlin, Germany to teach English and ancient history in the Willard School for American Girls. She became proficient in German there and attended lectures in science and literature at the Berlin University. On her return home in 1900 she went to the University of Michigan where she received a Master of Arts degree. From there she went on to teach English for four years at Vassar College then several years in New York, New York teaching at the Brearley School while pursuing graduate studies in education, philosophy, and psychology at Columbia University.
At this point in her career she became very concerned about women's health issues and came to believe strongly in better health education for women. She taught in the Physical Education Training School of Wellesley College, having charge of corrective exercises and freshman hygiene.
In 1911 Mann had returned to New York to begin a two-year investigation of health conditions of saleswomen for the New York Department Store Education Association, and after the beginning of World War I joined the United States Army Ordnance Department supervising the health of women in munition plants. After the Armistice she joined the Work Council of the Y.W.C.A. where she traveled the United States lecturing and putting on health demonstrations at educational institutions. In 1920 she went on to become director of the Health Center for Business and Industrial Women in New York.
Jungian Psychology
At Vassar College Mann developed lifelong friendships with three of her students, Cary Fink, Elizabeth Goodrich and Eleanor Bertine, who like Mann, all played major roles in the early history of analytical psychology. In 1920 Bertine traveled to London, England to begin analysis with Constance Long, the first British psychoanalyst to follow Jung's methods. Long had studied with Jung at his home in Kusnacht, and this encounter lead Mann and Bertine to travel to Zürich from 1921-1922. They then returned to New York, New York where they established their own practices, becoming the second and third Jungians to treat patients in the United States. They became staunch allies of Jung and regularly traveled to Europe to attend his lectures and to continue their analysis with him. A small determined band of Jungians emerged in New York, and in 1924 Mary Esther Harding, a distinguished disciple of Jung, emigrated from England to join them.
Beginning around 1918 Jung wrote that Christianity had suppressed the animal element in the human psyche, and as a result when it broke out it was uncontrolled and unregulated. This inevitably lead to catastrophe, such as with World War I. In 1923 after his interactions with Mann (1921–1922), Jung spoke of the historical effects of Ecclesiastical Christianity upon the unconscious mind. Jung's critique of Christianity was now limited to Ecclesiastical Christianity, which he now approached with greater scrutiny.
Mann, Harding and Bertine spent summers at Mann's ancestral summer community at Bailey Island (Maine) where they established their practices in the summer and saw patients from all parts of the United States. In 1936 Jung traveled to Bailey Island to present his Bailey Island Seminar, the first of his two part American seminar Dream Symbols. The second part, known as his New York Seminar was held in New York one year later. The Dreamer in this seminar has been identified as the prominent physicist Wolfgang Pauli, and the seminars were published in volume 12 of Jung's Collected Works as Individual Dream Symbolism in Relation to Alchemy.
The three women doctors created a powerful trio. In 1936 they created the Analytical Psychology Club of New York and actively lead the educational programs there. At her death in 1945 Mann left her personal library to the Club, the beginning of the Kristine Mann Library that is now the most extensive collection in analytical psychology in the world.
Publications
Kristine Mann, "Thousands of 'Well' Women Pay for Training Health Center", New York Times, Section 8, Page 15 (April 1, 1923)
Kristine Mann, "The Shadow of Death", Papers of the Analytical Psychology Club of New York, 4 (1940)
Kristine Mann, "The Self-Analysis of Emanuel Swedenborg", Papers of the Analytical Psychology Club of New York, 4 (1940)
References
C.G. Jung "A Study in the Process of Individuation" (1934/1950)
C.G. Jung, Gerhard Adler, R. F.C. Hull, "The Archetypes and The Collective Unconscious (Collected Works of C.G. Jung Vol.9 Part 1)", Bollingen; 2nd edition (August 1, 1981)
Carl G. Jung, Joseph Campbell (Editor), R. F. C. Hull (Translator), "The Portable Jung ", Penguin (Non-Classics); Reprint edition (December 9, 1976)
"Catalog of the Kristine Mann Library of the Analytical Psychology Club of New York, Inc.", G K Hall (June 1, 1978)
Sonu Shamdasani, "Jung and the Making of Modern Psychology", Cambridge University Press (Dec 11, 2003)
1873 births
1945 deaths
American Swedenborgians
Jungian psychologists
Smith College alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Columbia University alumni
Weill Cornell Medical College alumni
Vassar College faculty
Wellesley College faculty |
4043447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet%20of%20Ernesto%20Zedillo | Cabinet of Ernesto Zedillo | Members of the cabinet of the President Ernesto Zedillo (1994–2000).
List
Sources
Cabinet of Mexico
1994 establishments in Mexico
2000 disestablishments in Mexico
Cabinets established in 1994
Cabinets disestablished in 2000 |
4043467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Samurai%20%28horse%29 | First Samurai (horse) | First Samurai is a thoroughbred race horse born February 2, 2003. He was a contender for the Triple Crown in 2006, but a starting gate incident contributed to his defeat in the Blue Grass Stakes. Two weeks after the race, First Samurai was diagnosed with two broken ribs following an ultrasound. He was not entered in the Kentucky Derby, with his injury cited as the reason. The Blue Grass ultimately proved to be his final race.
Connections
First Samurai is owned by Bruce Lunsford Tom Hansen, Tom Morris & Raymond Coudriet and is trained by Frank Brothers. He has been ridden by Pat Day and Jerry Bailey, both jockeys now retired, and the still racing Edgar Prado. First Samurai was bred in Kentucky by John D. Gunther.
Races
In his career, cut short by injury, he started 8 times, winning 5, placing in 1, showing in 1, with total earnings of $915,075
Stud career
First Samurai stands at stud at the Hancock Family's Claiborne Farm near Paris, Kentucky. His starting fee in 2007 was $40,000 and stood alongside Claiborne's other stallions, which included Pulpit, Seeking the Gold, During, Eddington, and Strong Hope.
First Samurai's descendants include:
c = colt, f = filly
Pedigree
References
External links
First Samurai's pedigree
National Thoroughbred Racing Association bio
2003 racehorse births
Racehorses trained in the United States
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Thoroughbred family 13 |
4043491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail%20Class%20111 | British Rail Class 111 | The Class 111 DMUs were based on Class 101/2s, but with different engines. The only external body difference was on the final batch of cars where a four character headcode box was fitted above the front cab windows, with the destination indicator on top of a reduced height centre window.
History
The first cars built, part of an order for 339 Metro-Camm cars, were 4 power/trailer sets for the LMR Manchester area built in early 1957. One of these was equipped with supercharged Rolls-Royce C6SFLH 230 hp 6-cylinder engines. This was followed by ten 3-car sets comprising DMBS/TSL/DMCL for the NER at Bradford, then a further twenty 3-car sets. The type lasted in service until 1989 when the class was withdrawn.
Technical details
Coupling Code: Blue Square
Transmission: Standard mechanical
Preservation
One car survives, buffet 59575 currently operational at the Great Central Railway. It operates as the centre car between two Class 101 power cars.
Fleet
References
The Railcar Association
Motive Power Recognition: 3 DMUs. Colin J. Marsden
British Railway Pictorial: First Generation DMUs. Kevin Robertson
British Rail Fleet Survey 8: Diesel Multiple Units- The First Generation. Brian Haresnape
A Pictorial Record of British Railways Diesel Multiple Units. Brian Golding
111
Metropolitan Cammell multiple units
Train-related introductions in 1957 |
4043496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette%20Castro | Bernadette Castro | Bernadette Castro (born July 10, 1944 in Manhattan) is an American businesswoman and former New York politician who served in the Cabinet of former New York Governor George Pataki. She is a partner with her family in Castro Properties.
In the early 1960s, she pursued a singing career with mild success. Castro recorded several singles, the 1964 "His Lips Get in the Way" among others.
After earning her master's degree at the University of Florida, Bernadette worked in the advertising and promotions department of Castro Convertibles. While raising her four children, Bernadette worked in the business on a limited basis and later moved into her role as the company CEO when they were grown. In 2009 Bernadette bought back the Castro Convertibles furniture business with her family.
Early life and Education
Bernadette became involved with the Castro Convertibles business at a very early age. As a 4-year-old child, Castro starred in the brand's iconic television commercials that ran over 40,000 times, earning her the distinction of being the most televised child in America. With these commercials, and subsequent parodies of the commercials on shows such as The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, The Jackie Gleason Show, and Milton Berle's Texaco Star Theatre, Bernadette catapulted her father Bernard's innovative convertible couch to national fame by illustrating how the convertibles were "So easy to open, even a child can do it!" At the age of twelve, Bernadette starred in the first live, color television commercial.
Bernadette graduated from the University of Florida with a Bachelors of Science in 1966 in Broadcast Journalism. She earned a Masters in Education in Secondary School Administration in 1978 from the same institution and became the first woman ever to receive the University's College of Journalism Distinguished Alumnus and was later inducted into the College of Journalism's Hall of Fame. Castro holds honorary degrees from the following institutions: St. Joseph's College – Honorary Doctor of Law (1993); Dowling College – Honorary Doctor of Law (1996) and Daemon College – Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (2001).
Career
Singing career
Bernadette recorded several singles in the 1960s for Columbia Pictures' recording subsidiary Colpix Records, including a girl group–style record which hit the national charts, "His Lips Get in the Way". Bernadette's singles have been compared to top girls groups of the era like the Shangri-Las and The Ronettes. She released additional singles on Colpix including "A Girl In Love Forgives" and "Sports Car Sally," popular among many girl group collectors for its hot-rod theme.
Real estate
While Bernadette sold the furniture division of the family's company in 1993 to Krause Furniture, she retained ownership of the real estate and remained active in the family's commercial real estate business with properties along the East Coast. Terri Keogh, Bernadette's daughter, is CEO of Castro Properties. Castro Properties' flagship property is The Castro Building, which is located in Manhattan's Flatiron District at 43 West 23rd Street. Bernard Castro, founder of Castro Convertibles, purchased the property in 1972 and all eight floors were the well-known flagship showroom for Castro Convertibles.
New York State Parks Commissioner
In 1995, Bernadette was appointed Commissioner of the New York Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation by Governor George E. Pataki, a cabinet post she held for twelve years. During her tenure from 1995 to 2006, New York State preserved over one million acres of land through acquisition for state parks and conservation easements. Much of this was funded by a $1.75 billion environmental bond, which was authorized in 1996.
Among her many accomplishments as Commissioner, Bernadette worked with Speaker Newt Gingrich and the Trust for Public Land in 1996 to acquire the 18,000 acre Sterling Forest property for $55 million. The property protects approximately 25% of New Jersey's drinking water. Sterling Forest II, an additional 1,065 acres, was purchased later in Castro's term for $8 million. In 2001, President George W. Bush appointed Bernadette the Vice Chair of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.
In 2006, Castro established and strongly advocated an agreement by which Donald J Trump would construct a $40 million seaside dining and banquet hall at Jones Beach. Hailed by Castro as “like a gift from God”, this plan to install a private facility with public access at the heart of the Jones Beach boardwalk, which was controversial and widely opposed by members of the public. Trump's subsequent efforts to expand his facility proposal, coupled with increased opposition led to the project's cancellation. This Jones Beach site has since been occupied by a new public concession facility.
At the direction of Governor George Pataki, Bernadette and her agency brought the United States Open Golf Championship to Bethpage State Park, the first time the Open was held at a public golf course. In accordance with the deal Castro struck with the U.S. Open, the Golf Championship returned to Bethpage State Park in 2009.
In 2003, the National Recreation and Park Association awarded New York State Parks, the National Gold Medal, designating them as the country's best state parks system. Also in 2003, the agency was recognized for its comprehensive efforts to save Governor's Island in New York City which was transferred from the federal government back to the people of New York.
United States Senate run
In 1994, Bernadette decided to pursue her passion for politics, running for the U.S. Senate and winning 42% of the votes against four-term Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan.
1994 NYS Republican ticket
Governor: George Pataki
Lieutenant Governor: Elizabeth McCaughey
Comptroller: Herbert London
Attorney General: Dennis Vacco
U.S. Senate: Bernadette Castro
Awards
Bernadette has been honored with a number of awards for her work in conservation, parks, business in including the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Advancement of Commerce, Industry and Technology (ACIT) in 2009, the Lifetime Achievement Award from Long Island Business News in 2008, the Service Award for Land and Water Conservation Fund from the National Park Service in 2006, the Governor's Parks & Preservation Award, presented by Governor George Pataki in 2005, the Women in Conservation Award from the National Audubon Society in 2005, the Theodore Roosevelt Medal for Conservation from The History Channel in 2003, the Cornelius Amory Pugsley Award, from the American Academy for Park and Recreation Administration in association with The National Park Foundation in 2002, the Theodore Roosevelt Legacy of Conservation Award in 2001, the Ellis Island Medal of Honor in 1999, as well as being inducted into the Long Island Hall of Fame in 1990. In 2017, Bernadette was honored by the Franciscan Friars of the Atonement at their annual Sharing Hope Celebration Dinner with the Graymoor Award.
Community and charity work
Bernadette offers her support to a number of community organizations and charitable causes. Bernadette acts as fundraising auctioneer for a number organizations, as well as the Master of Ceremonies for New York Presbyterian Hospital. Bernadette also lends her support to organizations such as Tomorrow's Hope Foundation, The INN (Interfaith Nutrition Network), and the Ocala Royal Dames for Cancer Research, and the Fort Lauderdale Royal Dames of Cancer Research. The Ocala Royal Dames for Cancer Research and the Fort Lauderdale Royal Dames of Cancer Research, where both founded by Bernadette's mother, Theresa Castro. Bernadette serves on the Board of the Catholic Faith Network, is a member of the Advisory Board of Volunteers for Wildlife and a member of the Advisory Board of The New York Landmarks Conservancy. Bernadette served on the Executive Committee of the 2019 PGA Championship at the Bethpage Black Course on Long Island. She is an active member of the Columbus Citizens Foundation, an organization her father, Bernard Castro, co-founded.
Personal life
Bernadette has four children: Terri Keogh, David Austin, Jonathan Austin and Bernard Austin, as well as nine grandchildren. Bernadette's son Jonathan Austin is also in the family real estate business. Her son David Austin is a drummer, who lives in Jupiter, Florida. Her son Bernard Austin is an architect, and lives in Wilmington, North Carolina.
References
1944 births
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American women politicians
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
Candidates in the 1994 United States elections
Colpix Records artists
Living people
New York (state) Republicans
People from Lloyd Harbor, New York
State cabinet secretaries of New York (state)
University of Florida alumni
Women in New York (state) politics
Hispanic and Latino American women in politics |
4043503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM%20Transactions%20on%20Graphics | ACM Transactions on Graphics | ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the field of computer graphics. It was established in 1982 and is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. TOG publishes two special issues for ACM SIGGRAPH's conference proceedings. Starting in 2003, all papers accepted for presentation at the annual SIGGRAPH conference are printed in a special summer issue of the journal. Beginning in 2008, papers presented at SIGGRAPH Asia are printed in a special November/December issue.
The editor-in-chief is Carol O'Sullivan (Trinity College Dublin). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2020 impact factor of 5.414. The journal ranks 1st in computer graphics publications, according to Google Scholar Metrics.
References
External links
Computer graphics
Computer science journals
Transactions on Graphics
Bimonthly journals |
5379817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien%20Benneteau | Julien Benneteau | Julien Henry Guy Benneteau-Desgrois (; born 20 December 1981) is a French retired professional tennis player. His career-high singles ranking is ATP world no. 25, which he reached in November 2014. He formerly resided in Boulogne-Billancourt and now lives in Geneva. Benneteau did not win a singles title, although he finished as runner-up in ten ATP tournaments (holding match point in the 2013 Kuala Lumpur final). He reached the quarterfinals of the 2006 French Open and the semifinals of the 2014 Cincinnati Masters and 2017 Paris Masters (the latter as a wildcard).
Benneteau also had success in doubles, winning the bronze medal in men's doubles at the 2012 London Olympics (partnering Richard Gasquet) and the 2014 French Open men's doubles title with fellow Frenchman Édouard Roger-Vasselin, thus becoming the first team from France to win the men's doubles discipline in 30 years (after Yannick Noah and Henri Leconte did it in 1984). He reached his career-high doubles ranking of world no. 5 in November 2014.
Benneteau intended to retire from professional tennis after the 2018 US Open. However, due to an injury crisis he was asked by captain Yannick Noah to represent France in the Davis Cup semifinal in September 2018 against Spain. Benneteau teamed up with Nicolas Mahut to secure a decisive victory that took France to an unassailable 3-0 lead against Spain and into the final of the 2018 Davis Cup.
Benneteau subsequently played several further events in singles and doubles, concluding his professional career on home soil at the Paris Masters.
Tennis career
Junior career
In the 1999 Orange Bowl Benneteau won the Boys 16s double title.
As a junior, Benneteau reached as high as no. 17 in the world in 1999, and no. 1 in doubles.
He won US Open Junior with Nicolas Mahut in 1999.
Professional career
At the 2006 French Open, Benneteau reached the quarterfinals by defeating Janko Tipsarević, Australian Open finalist Marcos Baghdatis, Radek Štěpánek, and Alberto Martín. There, he was defeated in straight sets by fourth-seeded Ivan Ljubičić of Croatia.
The Frenchman finished the 2008 season in the top 50 for the second time in three years. During the season, he reached two ATP finals, at Casablanca, where he lost to fellow countryman Gilles Simon, and in his final tournament of the season at Lyon, where he lost to Robin Söderling.
In May 2009, he entered the Interwetten Austrian Open in Kitzbühel as a lucky loser and reached his third career final, falling to Spain's Guillermo García-López.
In the quarterfinals of the 2009 Western & Southern Financial Group Masters, he played a remarkable 53-shot rally with the then world no. 2 Andy Murray in the second set of a three-set loss. He lost the rally when he smashed a lob that grazed the net and went wide.
His best career victory was undoubtedly achieved on 11 November 2009 at the 2009 Paris Masters, when he scored a huge upset over world no. 1 Roger Federer in the second round in front of his home crowd.
He reached the third round of the 2012 French Open, losing to world no. 8 Janko Tipsarević.
In the third round of Wimbledon 2012, Benneteau led Federer by two sets before eventually being defeated in five sets. In the 2012 Olympics in London, he captured the bronze medal in doubles with Richard Gasquet.
At the 2013 ABN AMRO Open in Rotterdam, Benneteau again beat top seed and defending champion Federer in the quarterfinals. He beat compatriot Gilles Simon in the semifinals, but was not able to overcome Juan Martín del Potro in the final, disappointingly failing yet again to clinch a title. During the clay season, he beat Nicolás Almagro at the Rome Masters, but lost to Benoit Paire in the second round. At Roland Garros he was 30th seed, he lost in the third round to Roger Federer.
At the Eastbourne grass tournament, the Frenchman beat Kevin Anderson in the first round, but lost to Bernard Tomic in the second round. At Wimbledon, he lost to Fernando Verdasco in the second round. Benneteau was defeated by Andy Murray in the third round of the Cincinnati Masters. At the US Open, he defeated Jérémy Chardy in the second round, but lost to Tomáš Berdych in the third round.
Benneteau reached the final of the 2013 Malaysian Open for the second year running after beating Stan Wawrinka, but was once again beaten in the final, this time by unseeded João Sousa in three sets. He had won the first set and was within a game of winning the title at 5-4 in the second set. At Valencia he won over Feliciano López in the first round, but lost to David Ferrer in the second round. He collected first-round losses at the Shanghai and Paris Masters.
In the 2014 season, Benneteau beat Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and Feliciano López to reach the Indian Wells Masters quarterfinals, where he lost to Novak Djokovic. At the Miami Masters, he won over Ernests Gulbis, but was defeated by Tommy Robredo. During the clay season, he claimed the Bordeaux Challenger, but lost to Facundo Bagnis in the first round of Roland Garros. At Eastbourne, Benneteau took wins over Yen-Hsun Lu and Gilles Simon, after which he lost to Sam Querrey in the quarterfinals. At Wimbledon, he again lost in the first round to Gilles Müller.
The Frenchman began the 2014 US Open Series with a second-round loss in Washington. At the Canada Masters, he defeated Lleyton Hewitt and Ernests Gulbis to reach the third round, where he was defeated by local Milos Raonic. Benneteau upset Stan Wawrinka to reach the Cincinnati Masters semifinals, where he lost to David Ferrer. At the US Open, he lost in the first round to Benoît Paire.
At the 2014 Malaysian Open, Benneteau defeated Pablo Cuevas in the quarterfinals and Ernests Gulbis in the semifinals to reach the finals for the third consecutive year where he unfortunately lost again, to Kei Nishikori.
At the Paris Masters in 2017, he reached the Semi-finals where he lost to Jack Sock.
At the 2018 Australian Open he reached the third round where he lost to Fabio Fognini. At the 2018 French Open, he beat Leonardo Mayer before losing to fifth seed Juan Martín del Potro in the second round.
Benneteau is also currently the Fed Cup Captain for France.
Significant finals
Grand Slam finals
Doubles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)
Masters 1000 finals
Doubles: 6 (2 titles, 4 runners-up)
Olympic medal matches
Doubles: 1 (1 bronze medal)
ATP career finals
Singles: 10 (10 runners-up)
Doubles: 21 (12 titles, 9 runner-ups)
Performance timelines
Singles
Doubles
Record against top 10 players
Benneteau's match record against those who have been ranked in the top 10, with those who have been No. 1 in boldface
Jürgen Melzer 6–2
Marcos Baghdatis 5–2
David Ferrer 5–6
Jo-Wilfried Tsonga 5–6
Ernests Gulbis 4–0
Gilles Simon 4–6
Radek Štěpánek 3–2
Arnaud Clément 3–2
Stan Wawrinka 3–1
Kevin Anderson 3–1
Nicolas Almagro 3–3
Rainer Schüttler 2–1
David Goffin 2–1
Pablo Carreno Busta 2–1
Lleyton Hewitt 2–2
James Blake 2–2
Grigor Dimitrov 2–3
Tomáš Berdych 2–3
Ivan Ljubičić 2–4
Robin Söderling 2–4
Gaël Monfils 2–4
Mikhail Youzhny 2–4
Roger Federer 2–6
Tommy Robredo 2–6
Dominic Thiem 1–0
Mark Philippoussis 1–0
Nicolas Massu 1–0
Nikolay Davydenko 1–1
Jonas Björkman 1–1
Jack Sock 1–1
Janko Tipsarević 1–2
Fernando González 1–2
Juan Carlos Ferrero 1–2
Rafael Nadal 1–3
Marin Čilić 1–3
Milos Raonic 1–3
Mardy Fish 1–3
Lucas Pouille 1–3
Kei Nishikori 1–4
Novak Djokovic 1–6
Andy Roddick 1–5
Andre Agassi 0–1
Carlos Moyá 0–1
Guillermo Coria 0–1
Thomas Enqvist 0–1
Jiří Novák 0–1
Gaston Gaudio 0–1
Nicolas Lapentti 0–1
John Isner 0–1
Joachim Johansson 0–1
Juan Monaco 0–1
Marat Safin 0–2
Tommy Haas 0–2
Alexander Zverev 0–2
David Nalbandian 0–2
Sébastien Grosjean 0–2
Nicolas Kiefer 0–2
Juan Martín del Potro 0–3
Mario Ančić 0–3
Richard Gasquet 0–4
Andy Murray 0–5
Fernando Verdasco 0–5
* Statistics correct as of 12 June 2018.
Top 10 wins
He has an 18–50 (.265) record against players who were, at the time the match was played, ranked in the top 10.
References
External links
Benneteau World Ranking History
1981 births
Living people
French expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
French male tennis players
Sportspeople from Boulogne-Billancourt
Sportspeople from Bourg-en-Bresse
Tennis players from Geneva
US Open (tennis) champions
US Open (tennis) junior champions
Tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players of France
Olympic medalists in tennis
Olympic bronze medalists for France
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Knights of the National Order of Merit (France)
French Open champions
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' doubles |
5379819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times-Union%20Center%20for%20the%20Performing%20Arts | Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts | The Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts (TUCPA) (originally the Civic Auditorium and commonly known as the Times Union Center) is a performing arts center located in Jacksonville, Florida. Situated along the Riverbank, the venue is known as the First Coast’s "premiere riverfront entertainment facility". Originally opening in 1962, the facility was renovated beginning in 1995 until 1997; with a grand re-opening on February 8, 1997. The center consists of three venues: a theatre; concert hall and recital hall. It is home to the Jacksonville Symphony, Jacksonville Symphony Youth Orchestra, and the FSCJ Artist Series.
History
Commissioned in 1955, the City of Jacksonville approved a new civic auditorium and a municipal coliseum, to help brighten the scenery around the riverfront. In 1957, the site was purchased from the Seaboard Air Line Railroad. At the same time, Mayor W. Haydon Burns successfully lobbied the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad to move its headquarters from North Carolina to Jacksonville. Thus, construction began on the auditorium and the Atlantic Coastline Building (now CSX Building) both began in 1957.
On December 7, 1957, the Seaboard Docks were demolished to make way for the forthcoming auditorium. The site was prepared via bulk heading the shoreline of the St. Johns River. This involved walling out the shoreline and adding fill dirt. The original site of the municipal coliseum (now where the Jacksonville Landing sits) was moved further along the riverbank and opened in 1960 along with the Atlantic Coastline Building. The Civic Auditorium was opened on September 16, 1962, with a performance by the Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra. The center served as a replacement for the aging Duval County Armory and became the preferred mid-sized concert venue alongside the Florida Theatre. The civic auditorium consisted of the main auditorium, "Exhibition Hall" and the "Little Theater".
By the 1990s, the auditorium developed a bad reputation amongst music acts. Like the coliseum, the venue was known for its poor acoustics. This caused many concerts to be moved to Tallahassee or Gainesville. In 1993, Mayor Ed Austin proposed the River City Renaissance Plan. A portion of the $235 million bond was allocated to the renovation of the facility and the construction of a new convention center, replacing the underused Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center (although this did not come to fruition).
Construction began in 1995. It was headed by KBJ Architects, Rothman, Rothman & Heineman, Kirkegaard Associates and Jones & Phillips Associates, Inc. The original auditorium was gutted and divided into three facilities. In 1994, local newspaper, The Florida Times-Union, purchased naming rights for $3 million. The renovated facility also included a lounge, art gallery and lobby. The lobby areas included marble column (dating back to 1913) from the Barnett National Bank Building and art from the Museum of Contemporary Art Jacksonville.
The center reopened on February 8, 1997, with a performance by the FSCJ Artist Series.
Venues
Moran Theater
The Jim & Jan Moran Theater is a theatre and main performance venue of the center. The theater was specifically designed for theatrical and musical performances. All genres from rock to gospel have performed at the theater. Since 2006, the Jim & Jan Moran Theatre has been the home of Extraganza, an annual talent showcase by the students of Douglas Anderson School of the Arts. The theater replaced the main auditorium and can seat nearly 3,000.
Jacoby Symphony Hall
The Robert E. Jacoby Symphony Hall (former known as the Robert E. Jacoby Theater) is a concert hall primarily used for orchestral performances. The hall is modeled after the Wiener Musikverein in Vienna, Austria. It is designed in a shoebox shape, similar to many European venues. It is known as a pure concert hall, providing an intimate setting with no stage curtains, orchestra pit, fly space or backstage wings. It houses the Bryan Concert organ, which is a rebuilt Casavant pipe organ. It is the home to the Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra and the Jacksonville Symphony Youth Orchestra. Seating over 1,700 guests, it also used as an intimate concert venue. It replaced the Exhibition Hall.
Terry Theater
The C. Herman & Mary Virginia Terry Theater is a recital hall primary used for poetry readings, dance recitals and comedy shows. The venue seats over 600 guests. It replaced the Little Theater.
See also
List of concert halls
References
Music venues in Florida
Concert halls in Florida
KBJ Architects buildings
Event venues established in 1962
Performing arts centers in Florida
Theatres in Jacksonville, Florida
Theatres in Florida
Downtown Jacksonville
Northbank, Jacksonville
1962 establishments in Florida |
5379853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan%20Murphy%20%28footballer%29 | Ryan Murphy (footballer) | Ryan Murphy (born 24 May 1985) is an Australian rules footballer who played forward for the Fremantle Dockers in the Australian Football League.
He was drafted to Fremantle in the 2003 AFL Draft at selection 12. As a junior, he played for the Gippsland Power in the Victorian TAC Cup competition and was regarded as an accurate goal kicker. He was twice named All-Australian at under-18 level.
After playing well for the South Fremantle Football Club in the WAFL in 2004, Murphy made his debut in Round 16 against Adelaide in Fremantle's first ever win over Adelaide at Football Park. However he was not given much gametime and ended the match without registering any possessions. He was retained for the following week's game against Sydney, but after again not scoring, he was dropped back to South Fremantle for the remainder of the season. At South he excelled and won the club goalkicking award with 51 goals from 17 matches.
2005 saw Murphy play 10 AFL games for nine goals, but was not able to cement a permanent position in the Fremantle team. He continued to do well for South Fremantle and was a member of their 2005 premiership winning side. In mid-2005 Murphy extended his contract with Fremantle to the end of the 2008 season.
2006 was Ryan's best season in the AFL, scoring 22.8 including a high of 5 goals against Carlton. In the following four seasons he struggled to maintain a position in the side and was often dropped to the WAFL due to poor form. A notable case of this occurred in 2009 when Murphy was dropped a week after kicking Fremantle’s only goal against Adelaide, in the lowest VFL/AFL score since 1961. After only playing one game for Fremantle in 2010 he was delisted at the end of the season. He won the John Gerovich Trophy in 2007 and 2010 for being the South Fremantle's leading goalkicker.
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Fremantle Football Club players
South Fremantle Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Gippsland Power players |
5379859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams%20in%20Caen | Trams in Caen | Trams in Caen was the former public transit system serving the city of Caen, France. The original tramway network, operated by Compagnie des tramways électriques de Caen opened in 1901 and closed on 23 January 1937, after which buses took over as the primary means of public transport in Caen (until the 2002 opening of Caen Guided Light Transit).
Public transport began in 1860 with a horse omnibus service, in 1895 the Compagnie des Omnibus et Transports à chevaux was created to provide an organised urban transport service to the inhabitants of Caen.
Network
The network of narrow gauge lines spread over 11 km and all 3 lines opened in 1901, connecting the Route de Falaise (La Guérinière), Caen-Ouest Station, Saint Pierre, Place du Canada (Saint Martin), La Maladrerie and Venoix. The depot was situated on the Eastern side of the Bassin Saint Pierre, in the city centre of Caen, with the tram lines crossing the Calvados' line to Ouistreham.
While the tramway closed on 23 January 1937, the tracks remained for several years after that.
Rolling stock
The company operated a fleet of single car trams as well as trailers.
See also
Caen tramway
Caen
Caen
Caen
Transport in Normandy
Metre gauge railways in France |
4043506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei%20Tikhonov | Alexei Tikhonov | Alexei Vladimirovich Tikhonov (; born 1 November 1971) is a Russian pair skater. With partner Maria Petrova, he is the 2000 World champion and a two-time (1999, 2000) European champion.
Career
Tikhonov began skating in his hometown, Samara. Initially a singles skater, he switched to pairs at 15 and a half.
Tikhonov first competed with partner Irina Saifutdinova for the Soviet Union and, after the dissolution, for Russia. They won the bronze medal at the 1989 World Junior Figure Skating Championships for the Soviet Union. Their partnership ended when she decided to get married and leave the sport.
He teamed up with Japanese pair skater Yukiko Kawasaki and competed with her representing Japan. Kawasaki and Tikhonov were two-time Japanese national champions. They competed internationally together, winning the bronze medal at the 1993 NHK Trophy and placing 15th at the 1994 World Championships. He said, "I stayed [in Japan] for two years, but I was alone in my apartment. I used to go to the Russian Embassy just to talk to people. I tried to learn some Japanese but it was very hard."
Tikhonov spent the next five years skating in various ice shows in the U.K. and Florida, including shows led by Tatiana Tarasova and Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean. He started to miss competitive skating and when Maria Petrova's coach called, he agreed to compete with her. They teamed up in the summer of 1998. Petrova was a former World Junior champion with Anton Sikharulidze.
Petrova and Tikhonov won the World Championship in 2000. They placed 6th at the 2002 Winter Olympics and 5th at the 2006 Games. They won a silver medal at the 2005 Worlds, and a bronze in 2006.
Petrova and Tikhonov announced they would retire after the 2006 Worlds, but at the request of the Russian Skating Federation they later agreed to remain eligible for another year. During their final season, they finished 6th at the Grand Prix Final, and withdrew from the World Championships due to injury.
Petrova and Tikhonov trained in Saint Petersburg with Ludmila Velikova. After retiring from competition, they performed in ice shows, including Russian television projects.
Personal life
Tikhonov was born to parents Vladimir and Larisa. In addition to skating together, Petrova and Tikhonov are also an off-ice couple. On 1 February 2010, she gave birth to their first child, a daughter named Polina. The family lives in Moscow region.
Tikhonov is godfather to Alexei Urmanov's twins.
Programs
(with Petrova)
Competitive highlights
With Saifutdinova for the Soviet Union
With Kawasaki for Japan
With Petrova for Russia
References
External links
Official website of Maria Petrova and Alexei Tikhonov
1971 births
Living people
Russian male pair skaters
Olympic figure skaters of Russia
Figure skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Japanese male pair skaters
Soviet male pair skaters
Russian expatriates in Japan
Sportspeople from Samara, Russia
World Figure Skating Championships medalists
European Figure Skating Championships medalists
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
Goodwill Games medalists in figure skating
Season-end world number one figure skaters
Competitors at the 2001 Goodwill Games |
4043518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slackness%20%28album%29 | Slackness (album) | Slackness is a collaborative album between acoustic ska vocalist Chris Murray and the New York City ska band The Slackers. Two songs (Running From Safety, Rastaman Rock) also appear on The Slackers and Friends, as different versions. "Rastaman Rock" is renamed to "I Am a Rasta Man" on The Slackers and Friends. The track "Janie Jones" is a cover of a Clash song.
Track listing
"Janie Jones" – 3:21
"Running from Safety" – 2:46
"The Real Ska" – 2:06
"Dangerous Hearts" – 3:28
"The World's About Me" – 2:07
"Rastaman Rock" – 2:14
"The Promise" – 5:01
"Home" – 2:54
"One Everything" – 3:30
"Rastaman Reggae" – 2:31
"Mountain of Sorrows" – 3:34
"Why We Go to War" - 3:11
2005 albums
The Slackers albums
Collaborative albums |
5379870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20Penalty%20%28album%29 | Death Penalty (album) | Death Penalty is the debut studio album by British heavy metal band Witchfinder General. It was released in 1982 on Heavy Metal Records. The album received some criticism for the cover photograph, which featured topless model Joanne Latham. The photograph had been taken in the yard of St Mary the Blessed Virgin Church in Enville, Staffordshire, without the permission of the local Reverend. The album was originally released on LP and picture disc and was later reissued on CD. Pictured on the cover is Phil Cope, Zeeb Parkes, Graham Ditchfield and a member of their road crew. While Peter Hinton is credited with producing this recording, the writers Phil Cope and Zeeb Parkes always felt the credit should have gone to the engineer Robin George.
Track listing
All tracks by Zeeb Parkes and Phil Cope.
Side one
"Invisible Hate" – 6:05
"Free Country" – 3:10
"Death Penalty" – 5:35
Side two
"No Stayer" – 4:25
"Witchfinder General" – 3:51
"Burning a Sinner" – 3:28
"R.I.P." – 4:04
Personnel
Witchfinder General
Zeeb Parkes – vocals
Phil Cope – guitars, bass (bass credited as Woolfy Trope)
Graham Ditchfield – drums
Production
Pete Hinton – producer
Robin George – engineer
Tim Young – mastering at C.B.S. Studios
Joanne Latham – cover model
References
1982 debut albums
Witchfinder General (band) albums
New Wave of British Heavy Metal albums |
5379879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four%20Women%20%28comics%29 | Four Women (comics) | Four Women is an American five-part limited series published by Homage Comics. Written and drawn by Sam Kieth, it deals with four female friends of varying ages—Donna, Bev, Marion and Cindy—and a road trip during which they are attacked and sexually assaulted by two men. The story mostly takes place in a flashback as Donna recounts the story to her psychiatrist.
Plot
Bev, Donna, Marion and Cindy set out to their friends' wedding in a car. Throughout the book, Donna is restrictive about the details of the encounter when describing it to her psychiatrist. She eventually reveals that Bev was the driver. The vehicle experiences trouble and stalls on a downward sloping road. Two men stop by and instead of getting help, crush the car driving over it then cover the car with a gigantic tarp as a prelude to a sexual assault. Cindy get pinned trying to get out the rear window, her pants pulled down by one of the men with a knife. Marion, who takes a chance to save Cindy gets out of the car, and is attacked and raped. According to Donna, Bev locks the doors and won't let Marion back in, or let anyone out to help. However, a fight ensues and the two men are slain.
The psychiatrist feels that Donna isn't telling the whole story and presses Donna to reveal more. It is then revealed that Donna was the one driving and that she was the one who refused to unlock the doors to save Marion.
References
2001 comics debuts |
5379891 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izmaylovskoye%20Municipal%20Okrug | Izmaylovskoye Municipal Okrug | Izmaylovskoye Municipal Okrug () is a municipal okrug of Admiralteysky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Population:
It borders the Fontanka River in the north, Moskovsky Avenue in the east, Malaya Mitrofanevskaya Street in the south, and Mitrofanevskoye Highway and Lermontovsky Avenue in the west.
Places of interest include Warsaw Rail Terminal and the Trinity Cathedral.
References
Admiralteysky District, Saint Petersburg |
5379898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan%20Murphy | Ryan Murphy | Ryan Murphy may refer to:
Athletes
Ryan Murphy (American football) (born 1992), strong safety for the New York Giants in the National Football League
Ryan Murphy (footballer) (born 1985), Australian rules footballer
Ryan Murphy (ice hockey, born 1979), American ice hockey left wing
Ryan Murphy (ice hockey, born 1983), American ice hockey right wing
Ryan Murphy (ice hockey, born 1993), Canadian ice hockey defensemen
Ryan Murphy (swimmer) (born 1995), American gold medalist in the Summer Olympics and world record holder
Ryan Murphy (baseball) (born 1999), American baseball player
Others
Ryan Murphy (writer) (born 1965), U.S. television writer and series creator
Ryan Murphy (Australian politician) (born 1988)
Ryan T. Murphy (born 1971), Mormon Tabernacle Choir Associate Director
Ryan Murphy (Doctors), a character from Doctors
See also
Ryan Murphey, American musician |
4043519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladue%20School%20District | Ladue School District | The Ladue School District is a public school district in Ladue, Missouri, with four elementary, one middle, and one high school, with a special Fifth Grade Center. The district serves 4,180 total students, and employs 280 full-time classroom teachers. The total operating revenue is $49.9 mil. with $50.2 mil. operating expenses. Ladue spends $11,903 per student, and pays an average of $62,697 per teacher ($41,000-$101,542). According to Newsweek (June 19, 2011 issue), Ladue ranks in the top 2% of public schools in the nation. It serves an area encompassing 19 sq. mi. with more than 27,000 residents. It includes all or part of 10 communities including Ladue, Creve Coeur, Crystal Lake Park, Frontenac, Huntleigh, Olivette, Richmond Heights, Town and Country, Unincorporated St. Louis County, and Westwood.
History
As the City of Ladue was incorporated in 1936, Spoede Elementary and Ross Elementary were built in the 1930s. The Ladue School District was first organized in 1939.
In U.S. v Ladue School District, a case the U.S. Department of Justice brought in 1978, the federal government charged Ladue with discrimination in hiring of faculty and staff. In 1999, Ladue exited the Voluntary Interdistrict Choice Corporation (VICC), a city-county school desegregation program.
Ladue High School
Ladue High School had 1,306 students in the 2013–14 school year. Ladue High School has a 99% graduation rate, of which 92% continue on to higher education in 2-4 year institutions. In standardized testing, Ladue scores above both the state and national average. Newsweek in 2013, ranked the public school 166th best in the nation (up from 188th in 2011-12), and first in Missouri (up from fourth).
Administration
Superintendent: Dr. Jim Wipke
Principal: Brad Griffith (effective July 1, 2013)
Ladue Middle School
Originally called "East Ladue Junior High School," Ladue Middle School teaches children from sixth through eighth grades, total of 976 students in 2013–14. In May 2014 it was named National School of Character.
Ladue Fifth Grade Center
Built on property bought by the district in 1959 and used as a secondary middle school until 1980, when it was sold to the Westminster Christian Academy. In 2010, the property was re-purchased by the district to construct the Fifth Grade Center. Construction ended in time for its first semester in Fall 2013. In the 2015–2016 school year, there were 342 students enrolled.
Elementary schools
All four Ladue Elementary Schools teach children in kindergarten through fourth grades.
Conway Elementary
Conway Elementary is located in Ladue, MO, at 9900 Conway Road. In 2013–14 Conway Elementary had 339 students. This school has the smallest number of students throughout the district. Conway enrolled its first black students in 1965; those students were subjected to racial slurs by several other children.
Old Bonhomme Elementary
Old Bonhomme School is an elementary school in Olivette, Missouri, with a total of 383 students in 2013–14.
Reed Elementary
Located in the middle of Ladue near the intersection of Ladue Road and McKnight Road, with a total of 421 students in 2013–14.
Spoede Elementary
Spoede Elementary is located in Creve Coeur, on the west side of Spoede Road, with a total of 430 students in 2013–14. This school's mascot is a turtle.
References
External links
Ladue Schools
Ladue High School
Ladue School District
Ladue High School Alumni Association
Ladue Schools - Overview
2012 Ladue Schools Annual Report
School districts in Missouri
Education in St. Louis County, Missouri
School districts established in 1939 |
4043539 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert%20Patch | Hubert Patch | Air Chief Marshal Sir Hubert Leonard Patch, (16 December 1904 – 18 November 1987) was a senior Royal Air Force commander.
RAF career
Patch joined the Royal Air Force as a flight cadet in 1923 and served in the Second World War. After the war he became Director of Armament Requirements and then Air Officer Commanding No. 44 Group in 1946. He went on to be Commandant of the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment in 1948, Air Officer for Administration at Headquarters Far East Air Force in 1951 and Senior Air Staff Officer, Far East Air Force in 1952. After that he was made Air Officer Commanding No. 11 Group in 1953, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Fighter Command in January 1956 and Commander-in-Chief of the RAF Middle East Air Force in September 1956.
His final appointments were as Air Member for Personnel in April 1959 and as Commander, British Forces Arabian Peninsula in September 1959, where he established a unified tri-service command in Aden, before he retired in May 1961. From 1961 to 1963 he was the BAC Representative to NATO Countries.
References
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1904 births
1987 deaths
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Graduates of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Royal Air Force air marshals
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing |
4043540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Silverado%20Squatters | The Silverado Squatters | The Silverado Squatters (1883) is a travel memoir by Robert Louis Stevenson of his two-month honeymoon trip with Fanny Vandegrift (and her son Lloyd Osbourne) to Napa Valley, California, in 1880.
Background
In July 1879, Stevenson received word that his future American wife's divorce was almost complete, but that she was seriously ill. He left Scotland right away and travelled to meet her in Monterey, California, (his trip detailed in The Amateur Emigrant (1894) and Across the Plains (1892)). Broken financially, suffering from a lifelong fibrinous bronchitis condition, and with his writing career at a dead end, he was nursed back to health by his doctor, his nurse, and his future wife, while living briefly in Monterey, San Francisco, and Oakland. His father having provided money to help, on May 19, 1880, he married the Indianapolis native, whom he had first met in France in 1875, soon after the events of An Inland Voyage. Still too weak to undertake the journey back to Scotland, friends suggested Calistoga, in the upper Napa Valley, with its healthy mountain air.
Summary
The couple first went to the Hot Springs Hotel in Calistoga, but unable to afford the 10 dollars a week fee, they spent an unconventional honeymoon in an abandoned three-story bunkhouse at a derelict mining camp called "Silverado" on the shoulder of Mount Saint Helena in the Mayacamas Mountains. There they squatted for two months during summer, putting up makeshift cloth windows and hauling water in by hand from a nearby stream while dodging rattlesnakes and the occasional fog banks so detrimental to Stevenson's health.
The Silverado Squatters provides some views of California during the late 19th century. Stevenson uses the first telephone of his life. He meets a number of wine growers in Napa Valley, an enterprise he deems "experimental", with growers sometimes even mislabeling the bottles as originating from Spain in order to sell their product to skeptical Americans. He visits the oldest wine grower in the valley, Jacob Schram, who had been experimenting for 18 years at his Schramsberg Winery, and had recently expanded the wine cellar in his backyard. Stevenson also visits a petrified forest owned by an old Swedish ex-sailor who had stumbled upon it while clearing farmland—the precise nature of the petrified forest remained for everyone a source of curiosity. Stevenson also details his encounters with a local Jewish merchant, whom he compares to a character in a Charles Dickens novel (probably Fagin from Oliver Twist), and portrays as happy-go-lucky but always scheming to earn a dollar. Like Dickens in American Notes (1842), Stevenson found the American habit of spitting on the floor hard to get used to.
His experiences at Silverado were recorded in a journal he called "Silverado Sketches", parts of which he incorporated into Silverado Squatters in 1883 while living in Bournemouth, England, with other tales appearing in "Essays of Travel" and "Across the Plains". Many of his notes on the scenery around him later provided much of the descriptive detail for Treasure Island (1883).
Legacy
The Robert Louis Stevenson State Park now encompasses the area where the Stevensons stayed. The entrance to the park is at the summit of State Route 29. A new trail has been constructed in recent years. The Robert Louis Stevenson Museum in St. Helena, California, is dedicated to Stevenson.
Resources and editions
Editions
Full text at Project Gutenberg
HTML version from the University of Virginia.
HTML version with scanned images, from the Library of Congress
Version from William Ernest Henley's The Novels and Tales of Robert Louis Stevenson, volume 15. Published by Scriber's and Sons in 1905. Scanned online via Google Books.
Version published by Scribner's and Sons in 1905 with a preface by Fanny Stevenson. Scanned online via Google Books.
The Silverado Squatters (New York: Scribner's, 1923) Limited edition of 380 copies printed by John Henry Nash with portrait and decorated headbands by Howard Whitford Willard
The Silverado Squatters, audiobook, Blue Pylon Creative (2005).
The Silverado Squatters, reprint, Tauris Parke Paperbacks (2009).
Resources
Silverado Museum in St. Helena, California, devoted to Robert Louis Stevenson.
1883 non-fiction books
American travel books
Books by Robert Louis Stevenson
History of Napa County, California
History of California
Chatto & Windus books |
5379904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whodunnit%3F%20%28British%20game%20show%29 | Whodunnit? (British game show) | Whodunnit? was a British television game show that aired on ITV from 15 August 1972 to 26 June 1978. The show originally aired as a pilot and was hosted by Shaw Taylor. It then became a full show, with the first series being hosted by Edward Woodward and then Jon Pertwee took over hosting duties from the second series until the show's end.
Development
The armchair detective gameshow was devised by Jeremy Lloyd and Lance Percival.
Multiple panelists (Joanna Lumley, Mollie Sudgen, Robin Nedwell) and suspects (Christopher Biggins) would later appear as characters in the 1990 game show Cluedo, heavily inspired by Whodunnit?.
Format
Each week it featured a short murder-mystery drama enacted in front of a panel of four celebrity guests who then had to establish who the murderer was.
One week there was a smuggling mystery and no murder. The panel members could interview the remaining characters, with the proviso that only the guilty party or parties could lie. Each panelist could also request to see a short replay of one section of the initial drama, which would often include events as they occurred and flashbacks as seen and narrated by individual suspects. For series 1, the entire audience also took part in guessing who was guilty (with the winner winning a prop from the set).
For series 2 and 3, four members of the audience formed a panel, but did not question the suspects, with the winner taking away a 'Whodunnit?' trophy (a magnifying glass in a frame). For series 4 and 5, the audience panel was dropped and a TV Times competition winner formed part of the main panel (taking away a prop from the set if they won the game). For series 6, they were dropped entirely. At the end the compere would reveal the guilty (usually a murderer) with the catchphrase "would the real 'Whodunnit' please stand up?".
Whodunnit? originally adopted a conventional panel-game studio layout, for series 2 some episodes would use the murder scene for the panel part of the show, with this being fully adopted for series 3 onwards. The panelists included regular members such as Patrick Mower, Anouska Hempel, Liza Goddard, Alfred Marks and Magnus Pyke as many well known celebrities such as Honor Blackman, Sheila Hancock, author Jackie Collins, Billie Whitelaw, Barbara Windsor, Joanna Lumley, Terry Wogan, Lindsay Wagner, Lynsey de Paul and George Sewell.
Critical reception
The Sydney Morning Herald wrote "all the actors look sour and suspect and have dialogue that is bitchily smug", adding that "the acting is corny, but forgivable thanks to the red herrings that lurk behind every remark."
Transmissions
DVD releases
All six series of Whodunnit? have been released on DVD by Network Distributing.
Adaptation
A U.S. version of the show ran on NBC from April 12 to May 17, 1979.
References
External links
1970s British game shows
1970s British mystery television series
1972 British television series debuts
1978 British television series endings
British game shows
British panel games
English-language television shows
ITV mystery shows
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Television shows produced by Thames Television |
5379914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Hargreaves%20%28politician%29 | Andrew Hargreaves (politician) | Andrew Raikes Hargreaves (born 15 May 1955) is a former British Conservative Party politician.
Having unsuccessfully stood in 1983 for Blyth Valley (which was eventually won by the Conservatives in 2019), Hargreaves was elected Member of Parliament for Birmingham Hall Green in 1987. He lost his seat in the Labour landslide at the 1997 general election on a 14% swing, to Stephen McCabe.
References
External links
1955 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997 |
4043545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Fergus | Saint Fergus | Saint Fergus (also Fergustian) (died c. 730 AD) was a bishop who worked in Scotland as a missionary.
Life
Ten saints of this name are mentioned in the martyrology of Donegal.
No one knows for certain when Fergus was born or where. He was a contemporary of St. Drostan and St. Donevaldus. The name is of Pictish origin and he is recorded as Fergus, a Pictish bishop, so it is generally considered he was from the north east of what is now called Scotland. In the Aberdeen Breviary he is called Fergustian and "he occupied himself in converting the barbarous people." He is thought to have trained in Ireland or the south of Scotland, possibly both.
Known in the Irish martyrologies as St. Fergus Cruithneach, or the Pict, the Breviary of Aberdeen states that he had been a bishop for many years in Ireland when he went on a mission to Alba with some chosen priests and other clerics. He settled first near Strageath, in Upper Strathearn, in Upper Perth, and erected three churches in that district. The churches of Strageath, Blackford, and Dolpatrick are found there dedicated to St. Patrick. He next evangelized Caithness and established there the churches of Wick and Halkirk.
The church Fergus built at Glamis would have been in the Celtic "mud and wattle" style, not far from the present kirk. He may have been the Fergustus Pictus who went to Rome in 721, but such a contention relies solely on the similarity of a common name. He died about 730 and was buried at Glamis, Angus, where the recently restored St Fergus' Well can be visited. The village church at Eassie is dedicated to Saint Fergus; the noted Pictish Eassie Stone has been moved to that church.
Veneration
During the time of James IV, the Abbot of Scone removed his head to Scone church and build an expensive shrine for it. Aberdeen was able to obtain an arm of the saint.
Saint Fergus is the patron saint of Glamis and Wick.
The Martyrology of Tallaght mentions his festival on 8 September, but in Scotland it was previously on 18 November.
See also
Eassie Stone
References
730 deaths
Medieval Scottish saints
Pictish people
8th-century Christian saints
Medieval Irish saints
8th-century Irish bishops
Year of birth unknown |
5379919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20N.%20McGarvey | Robert N. McGarvey | Robert Neill McGarvey (August 14, 1888 – June 28, 1952) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
Robert McGarvey was born in Philadelphia. He attended the University of Pennsylvania Business College. He was engaged as a telegrapher and as manager of a news bureau. He became an investment broker in 1922.
He was elected to Congress as a Republican in 1946 to the 80th United States Congress, defeating incumbent Democratic Congressman William T. Granahan. As a congressman he was part of the Federal Commission that helped to designate Independence Hall as a National Historical Park. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1948 in a re-match against Granahan.
Sources
The Political Graveyard
References
1888 births
1952 deaths
Politicians from Philadelphia
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
20th-century American politicians |
5379926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20Not%20Missing%20You | I'm Not Missing You | "I'm Not Missing You" is a pop/R&B song written by Keir "KayGee" Gist, Terence "Tramp Baby" Abney, Esteban Crandle, Tawanna Dabney, Balewa Muhammad and Orrico herself for Stacie Orrico's third studio album Beautiful Awakening. It was co-produced by KayGee and Terence "Tramp Baby" Abney. "I'm Not Missing You" was released as the album's first single in North America on October 3, 2006, and internationally in August 2006.
Song information
The song has a more R&B/pop vibe similar to tracks like "Bounce Back", "O.O Baby", and "Ride". The song was produced by KayGee (formerly of Naughty by Nature) and Terence "Tramp Baby" Abney of Divine Mill known for their work in the R&B genre with acts like Next and Jaheim. The song's production is different from KayGee and Tramp Baby's signature hip hop soul approach to R&B; the mix is more guitar-oriented than their NY hip hop-styled drum-based production.
The single was released as a download on June 6, and was played on radio from June 20 (it only appeared on the Bubbling Under Hot 100) and was re-released on October 3. The song received airplay on the radio (especially in the UK) and was released there on August 21, 2006, giving Orrico her fifth Top 40 UK hit.
Music video
The video was directed by known video director Diane Martel. It was filmed on May 31 and June 1. The video basically illustrates Stacie's struggle to get control from her boyfriend. The week the "I'm Not Missing You" video was released in the UK, it shot straight to No. 2 in the UK TV airplay chart, becoming the second most played video of the week there.
Stacie re-shot the video for release in the US and Canada. It was directed by the husband-wife directing team Honey. It was estimated to have been filmed in Los Angeles on October 26 and 27. The redone video is about Stacie's being happy about not being attached to anyone. Unlike the original version all of Stacie's wardrobe was provided by herself. The video premiered on Yahoo! Music on December 6.
Track listings
US: Promo CD
"I'm Not Missing You" (radio edit) – 3:43
"I'm Not Missing You" (guitar down edit) – 3:41
"I'm Not Missing You" (album version) – 4:15
UK: CD 1
"I'm Not Missing You" (radio edit) – 3:43
"Tantrum" (non-album bonus recording) – 4:51
UK: CD 2
"I'm Not Missing You" (radio edit) – 3:43
"Frustrated" (non-album bonus recording) – 3:55
"I'm Not Missing You" (Jason Nevins Remix) – 3:58
"I'm Not Missing You" (Shake Ya Cookie Mix) – 6:31
"I'm Not Missing You" (CD-ROM video)
UK: Promo CD
"I'm Not Missing You" (radio edit) – 3:43
"I'm Not Missing You" (album version) – 4:15
GERMAN/AUS: CD
"I'm Not Missing You" (radio edit) – 3:43
"Tantrum" – 4:51
"Frustrated" – 3:55
"I'm Not Missing You" (Full Phatt Underground Remix) – 4:13
1 The album version is different at the beginning and the ending (making the song a little longer) and the mix is more guitar-driven than the radio edit.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2006 singles
2006 songs
Music videos directed by Diane Martel
Songs written by Balewa Muhammad
Songs written by Stacie Orrico
Stacie Orrico songs
Virgin Records singles
Songs written by KayGee |
5379935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Secret%20Book | The Secret Book | The Secret Book is a Macedonian feature film combining the detective, thriller and conspiracy fiction genres, based on "Secret Book" (, ), a real mystical book written by the Bogomils with Glagolitic letters (the first Slav alphabet, made by SS. Cyril and Methodius).
Bogomil ideas, carried back to France and Italy from the Balkans by refugees or returning crusaders in the 11th century, became the basis of the Cathar heresy. Like them, the Bogomils were massacred by the church and their name almost burned from history.
Plot
Pierre Raymond (Jean-Claude Carrière) is a passionate explorer, a man who devoted all his life to the quest of the original "Secret Book", a book that exists as a legend in several religions and heresies, and was a holy book for the Bogomils, written in Glagolitic script.
Led by the strange messages from the Balkans brought to him by doves, he chooses his son Chevalier (Thierry Fremont) to search where he stopped. The messages are sent from Macedonia by Pavle Bigorski, a man that identifying himself with the authentic author of "The Secret Book" from the Middle Ages.
The book is supposed to contain the principle of good and evil and the principle of power, jumping across the time barrier and touched the essence of the Quest for the roots of Truth.
Bigorski has three brothers, symbolizing the three regions inhabited by ethnic Macedonians. Each brother represents some aspect of the Macedonian spirit (faith, rebellion towards the social evil, defense of honour).
Location
The movie was shot in 2002 and 2003 on location in Bitola and Ohrid in Macedonia, and Balchik in Bulgaria.
See also
The Da Vinci Code
The Da Vinci Code (film)
External links
Official site
Cannes, Cathars and conspiracy by Fiachra Gibbons (Guardian)
Finally "Peaceful Shooting" Starts In Ohrid (Reality Macedonia, April 14, 2002)
2006 films
Macedonian-language films
Macedonian drama films
Films shot in Bulgaria |
5379941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska%20Center%20for%20the%20Performing%20Arts | Alaska Center for the Performing Arts | The Alaska Center for the Performing Arts is a performance venue in downtown Anchorage, Alaska. Opened in 1988, it hosts over 200,000 patrons annually, and consists of three theaters:
Evangeline Atwood Concert Hall, with 2,000 seats, is designed for opera, symphonic, chamber and popular music presentations, as well as dance and Broadway musicals.
Discovery Theatre, with 700 seats, is suited for theatre, smaller-scale operas, dance, film and musical presentations.
Sydney Laurence Theatre (named for painter Sydney Laurence), with 340 seats, is suited for theatre, film and chamber music.
Resident companies include the Anchorage Symphony Orchestra, the Anchorage Opera (Alaska's only professional opera company), the Alaska Dance Theatre, the Alaska Junior Theater, the Anchorage Concert Association (Alaska's largest Arts Promoter), Perseverance Theatre and the Anchorage Concert Chorus.
History
The block on which the AlaskaPAC sits was designated in the Anchorage townsite as the location of the city's public schools. When schools were built away from the townsite boundaries starting in the 1950s, largely through the creation of the Anchorage Independent School District and later the Greater Anchorage Area Borough, the existing school building on that block eventually became the City Hall annex and a community gymnasium. The Sydney Laurence Auditorium, the ACPA's direct forerunner, was also on this block. The Laurence Auditorium was perhaps best known as the site of the Prudhoe Bay oil-lease sale in 1969, conducted by Alaska's state government under then-Governor Keith Miller. Project 80s, started under Mayor George Sullivan and largely spearheaded by his successor, Tony Knowles, saw the replacement of those two buildings with the ACPA.
Building the Alaska Center for the Performing Arts was perhaps the most controversial undertaking of Knowles's six-year tenure as mayor, largely due to the doubling of the original $35 million cost estimate before construction completed. Mayor Tom Fink, Knowles' successor, threatened to defund the center over cost overruns. The design of the building was criticized for lacking a drop-off area, and for entrances on the wrong side of one-way streets. Even the proposed name of the center invited controversy as voters overturned the Anchorage Assembly's decision to name the center after Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
See also
List of concert halls
References
External links
Alaska Center for the Performing Arts official website
Music venues completed in 1989
Buildings and structures in Anchorage, Alaska
Concert halls in the United States
Performing arts centers in Alaska
Event venues established in 1989
Tourist attractions in Anchorage, Alaska
1989 establishments in Alaska |
5379948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish%20famine%20%28disambiguation%29 | Irish famine (disambiguation) | The Great Famine (Ireland) (1845–49) is sometimes referred to as the Irish Potato Famine or .
Irish famine may also refer to:
Irish Famine (1740–41), known in Irish as , "Year of Slaughter"
Irish Famine (1861)
Irish Famine (1879), sometimes called the "mini-famine" or
Irish food shortages (1925), a major food shortage in parts of western Ireland, sometimes considered a famine
Other
The Irish Famine (book), 2001 book by Diarmaid Ferriter and Colm Tóibín
Legacy of the Great Irish Famine |
5379955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27ale%20Levona | Ma'ale Levona | Ma'ale Levona (, lit. Ascent of Frankincense) is an Israeli settlement organized as a community settlement in the West Bank. Located to the south-east of Ariel, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. In , it had a population of .
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
Etymology
The valley may be named for the frankincense grown there in Biblical days for the incense used in the Tabernacle of near-by Shiloh. There was an Israelite village on the edge of the valley that also bore the name "Levonah" (Judges 21:19). The name of that ancient site is preserved in the name of the Palestinian village Al-Lubban ash-Sharqiya (Eastern Lubban), on part of whose land Ma'ale Levona is constructed.
History
Antiquity
Ma'ale Levona overlooks the ancient mountain pass noteworthy as the site of the Battle of Wadi Haramia, the first battle of the Maccabees against the Selucids. The mountain pass, the "Ascent of Levonah" is to the east of the village, and links the Levonah valley to its north with the Shiloh valley to its south. Judah Maccabee killed the Samarian mysarch Apollonius in this battle, taking his sword for himself.
Modern era
According to ARIJ, Israel confiscated land from 3 neighbouring Palestinian villages in order to construct Ma'ale Levona:
447 dunams from Sinjil,
229 dunams from Al-Lubban ash-Sharqiya,
72 dunams from Abwein.
Ma'ale Levona was initially established as a Nahal outpost. It later became a civilian settlement under the municipal jurisdiction of the Matte Binyamin Regional Council. It is located in the northern West Bank, in the Shilo-Eli bloc near Ariel. Ma'ale Levona is home to around 120 families.
References
Religious Israeli settlements
Nahal settlements
Mateh Binyamin Regional Council
Populated places established in 1983
1983 establishments in the Palestinian territories
Community settlements
Israeli settlements in the West Bank |
5379960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domitius%20Domitianus | Domitius Domitianus | Lucius Domitius Domitianus or, rarely, Domitian III, was a Roman usurper against Diocletian, who seized power for a short time in Egypt.
History
Nothing is known of the background and family of Domitianus. He may have served as prefect of Egypt before he proclaimed himself emperor, though no known document makes his previous position clear.
Domitianus revolted against Diocletian in 297 AD; it is possible that the rebellion was sparked by a new tax edict, but this is uncertain. Numismatic and papyrological evidence support Domitianus' claim to the purple.
Domitianus died in December of the same year, when Diocletian went to Aegyptus to quell with the revolt. Domitianus' corrector, Aurelius Achilleus, who was responsible for the defense of Alexandria, appears to have succeeded to Domitianus' claim to the empire; in fact, it was only in March 298 that Diocletian succeeded in re-conquering the city.
References
Sources
DiMaio, Michael, "L. Domitius Domitianus and Aurelius Achilleus (ca.296/297-ca.297/298)", De Imperatoribus Romanis
297 deaths
3rd-century Roman usurpers
3rd-century Egyptian people
Domitii
Tetrarchy
Year of birth unknown |
5379963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Elletson | Harold Elletson | Harold Daniel Hope Elletson (born 8 December 1960) is a British politician.
Elletson unsuccessfully contested Burnley for the Conservative Party in the 1987 general election, before becoming Member of Parliament (MP) for Blackpool North in 1992. However, in his 1997 bid for re-election in the new Blackpool North and Fleetwood constituency, he lost to Labour's Joan Humble by 8,946 votes.
On 22 December 1996 The Observer newspaper claimed Elletson moonlighted as an MI6 agent: the headline read "Pro-Serb Tory MP was MI6 Agent". The newspaper said he was recruited before he entered the House of Commons, working for the intelligence agency in Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union and during the conflict in the former Yugoslavia:
"After visiting Yugoslavia in 1992, Mr Elletson notified his MI6 handlers that donations were reaching the Conservative Party from Serbia. MI6 received special sanction from the Prime Minister (John Major) for Mr Elletson to continue his secret role after his election in 1992. He carried out his unpaid intelligence work in Eastern Europe while representing the electors of Blackpool: he also ran an extensive network of private business interests in the region, while using his public position to mount a controversial defence of the Serb regime."
He joined the Liberal Democrats in 2002. On 30 September 2014, as chairman of The Campaign for the North, he launched an all-party pressure group to re-create the ancient Kingdom of Northumbria as a federal state in a new United Kingdom. The Campaign seeks 'devo-max' power from Westminster to bring the traditional counties of Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, Lancashire, Westmorland and Cumberland into a democratic state with powers equal to Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland or London, retaining membership of the European Union.
The proposed Northumbria would cover the territory that was ruled a thousand years ago by the Norseman Erik Bloodaxe, the last 'king of the North', killed in battle at Stainmore in the Pennines in 954.
In 2015, he co-founded the Northern Party to campaign for better representation for Northern England. At the 2015 general election, he contested the constituency of Lancaster and Fleetwood, coming last with 0.4% of the vote. At the 2019 general election, he endorsed the incumbent Labour MP, Cat Smith.
References
External links
1960 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1992–1997
Secret Intelligence Service personnel
Liberal Democrats (UK) politicians
British political party founders |
5379980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20German%20Antarctic%20Expedition | Second German Antarctic Expedition | The Second German Antarctic Expedition of 1911–1913 was led by Wilhelm Filchner in the exploration ship . Its principal objective was to determine whether the Antarctic continent comprised a single landmass rather than separated elements, and in particular whether the Weddell Sea and Ross Sea were connected by a strait. In addition, an extensive programme of scientific research was undertaken. The expedition failed to establish a land base, and the ship became beset in the Weddell Sea ice, drifting north for eight months before reaching open water. The expedition was marred by considerable disagreement and animosity among its participants, and broke up in disarray.
The expedition secured the patronage of Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria, who formed a fundraising committee which organised, among other activities, a public lottery. After leaving Germany early in May 1911, the expedition carried out a thorough oceanographic survey of the Atlantic Ocean before arriving in South Georgia in October. Subsequently, despite being hampered by heavy sea ice, Deutschland penetrated the Weddell Sea beyond the southernmost point reached by James Weddell in 1823. It discovered new land which it named Prinzregent Luitpold Land (otherwise "Luitpold Coast"), and reached the southern limit of the Weddell Sea at the Filchner Ice Shelf. Attempts to set up their land base at a small inlet which they named Vahsel Bay failed when they chose a site on insecure ice which broke away, taking the camp with it. Although much equipment was salvaged, further attempts to establish a land base also failed. By then, Deutschland was unable to escape from the ice, and began its long drift northwards.
During the drift, scientific observations continued, and a brief sledge journey showed that the supposed "New South Greenland", reportedly seen by Benjamin Morrell in 1823, did not exist. Morale had meanwhile collapsed, and by the time the ship was freed and reached South Georgia, the expedition was in considerable disarray. Some members returned to Germany forthwith; Filchner hoped, nevertheless, to reconstitute the expedition and return to Antarctica in the following season. However, he was recalled to Germany to explain the expedition's failure to its backers. In the subsequent inquiry, Filchner was largely exonerated, but had lost his taste for Antarctic exploration, and never went again. The First World War deflected interest from the Antarctic, but in due course the expedition's geographical and scientific discoveries were acknowledged and respected. Filchner did not reveal in his lifetime details of the personal antagonisms that marred the expedition, but a memorandum or exposé, written just before his death in 1957, was published in 1985.
Background: Germany in Antarctica
The first German visit to the sub-Antarctic region occurred during International Polar Year, 1882–83, when a team of scientists established a station at Royal Bay on the island of South Georgia. Over the year they carried out an extensive research programme, and observed the Transit of Venus on 6 December 1882.
By the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, exploration of the Antarctic mainland had begun in earnest, with expeditions from Belgium, Britain and Sweden. Germany entered the field with the first German Antarctic Expedition, 1901–03, led by Erich von Drygalski in the ship Gauss. Drygalski discovered land south of the Kerguelen Islands, but his ship became trapped in the ice at 66°7'S 89°38'E, while still 85 km (46 nautical miles (nmi) from the land. He named this distant coast Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, and an extinct volcano, also observed, was called Gaussberg. Most of the scientific work of the expedition was carried out in a winter station established on the sea ice. When after more than a year Gauss was freed, Drygalski tried but was unable to take the ship further south. Hence, when he returned to Germany, in an era when geographical achievements were valued more than scientific results, he found that the expedition was compared unfavourably with Robert Falcon Scott's concurrent Discovery Expedition, which had achieved a farthest south mark of 82°17'. Drygalski's scientific results, published over three decades, would retrospectively be recognised as of outstanding importance, but the immediate reaction to his expedition was one of a national failure.
At that time, little was yet known about the nature of the Antarctic continent – whether it was a single landmass, a group of islands or, as the geographer Albrecht Penck believed, two large landmasses, West and East Antarctica, separated by a frozen strait. This issue interested a young army officer and seasoned explorer, Wilhelm Filchner. Born in 1877, Filchner had visited Russia, had ridden on horseback through the Pamir Mountains, and after a period of studies in surveying and geography had led an expedition to Southern China and Tibet in 1903–05. Though lacking in polar experience, Filcher resolved to lead an expedition which would determine the truth or otherwise of Penck's hypothesis.
Organisation
Plans and financing
Filchner's original plan involved a two-ship strategy, in which one party would establish a base in the south Weddell Sea area, while another would go to the Ross Sea, on the opposite side of Antarctica. Shore parties from each group would then cross the terrain, to rendezvous at the Geographic South Pole or thereabouts, thereby resolving the one-or-two landmasses conundrum. The plan, costed at around two million marks (about £97,500), was received positively by the Berlin Geographical Society in 1909, and was endorsed by Penck. The expedition would also carry out a scientific research programme that included a detailed study of the nature of the oceans, how they linked together in the southern seas, and how they impacted on the world's climate.
Filchner and his backers sought the approval of the Kaiser, necessary if they were to obtain state funding. But when approached, Wilhelm II, who had supported Drygalski's earlier expedition, was dismissive. He thought that Count Zeppelin's airships would "do in a couple of days what takes you three years". Filchner found his patron in the aged Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria, who readily gave his support to the enterprise. The lack of state funding, however, meant that Filchner's plan had to be scaled back; the Ross Sea component had to be given up. Filchner would take a single ship as far south as possible in the largely unexplored Weddell Sea, and concentrate his investigations in that area. The cost of this revised plan was estimated at 1.1 million marks (about £58,500), and under Luitpold's patronage an organising committee was set up to raise this amount. The most successful of its activities was a public lottery, and by the end of 1910 the required sum had been secured. Although the German government would not provide funding, they were supportive in other ways, arranging for various agencies and organisations to loan essential scientific equipment, and were willing to meet the cost of the harbour fees for the expedition's anticipated lengthy stays in Buenos Aires.
Ship
Filchner found a suitable ship, the Norwegian-built whaler and sealer Bjørn. In 1907, Ernest Shackleton had wanted her for his forthcoming Antarctic expedition, but the price, £11,000 (roughly £1.1 million in 2018 terms), was too high. Since then, Bjørn had worked in the Arctic under Captain Bjørn Jørgensen, and had acquired a good reputation as an ice ship. The price had risen to £12,700 (£1.3 million), which Filchner nevertheless considered a bargain. The sale completed, the ship was renamed Deutschland, and taken to the Framnaes shipyard in Sandefjord for extensive modification.
According to measurements supplied by the polar historian Rorke Bryan, Deutschland was in length, with beam , and draught forward, aft. Her gross tonnage was 598.2, net 343.8. Built in 1905 entirely of wood, the outer hull was reinforced with 3¼ inch greenheart sheathing, and the inner hull given a further 6 inches of protection. Rigged as a barque, Deutschland was capable of speeds of 9 or 10 knots under full sail. Her auxiliary engine provided 300 horsepower with a maximum speed of 7.2 knots, consuming coal at a daily rate of 6 tons.
While the ship lay at Sandejford, Shackleton visited to give further advice on the preparation for a long sojourn in the ice. This included the addition of iron plating to protect the stem, and the construction of a well that enabled the propeller and rudder to be lifted on to the deck when not in use. The ship's interior was rebuilt, with sixteen cabins for officers and scientists, and an enlarged fo'c'sle to provide accommodation for the crew. A laboratory for scientific work was built on the main deck, and electric lighting would be provided by a generator.
Personnel
The expedition attracted a large number of applications. Among the scientists selected were a young geographer, Heinrich Seelheim, as Filchner's deputy; Carl Wilhelm Brennecke, one of Germany's leading oceanographers; the astronomer Erich Przybyllok; and an Austrian biologist and experienced alpinist, Felix König. Filchner wanted Jorgensen, Deutschlands former commander, as captain, but was pressurised by the German naval authorities to appoint a German to the post. Their choice was Richard Vahsel, who had served as second officer on the Gauss expedition. Although Drygalski strongly recommended him, Gausss former captain, Hans Ruser, warned that Vahsel was "greedy for power and an out-and-out schemer". Filchner's agreement to this appointment was, according to Bryan, "a disastrous mistake". Vahsel had a drink problem and an aggressive manner; he was also ill with an advanced form of syphilis, which may have affected his behaviour. He brought with him several officers and crew from the Gauss, forming a clique that would eventually poison relationships throughout the expedition.
Vahsel's position was strengthened by Filchner's agreement to sail under the German naval flag, placing Deutschland under naval regulations that gave the captain supreme decision-making authority. The expedition was thus afflicted from the start by what Roald Amundsen would later describe as a fateful weakness, that of a divided command. Vahsel was quick to flaunt his apparent advantage, boasting while drunk that he would clap Filchner in irons if he didn't toe the line. Filchner chose to disregard this threat as a "tasteless slip".
Aware that his scientists lacked experience of polar conditions, in August 1910 Filchner led a training expedition to Svalbard (Spitsbergen). He and six others crossed the glaciers of central Spitsbergen, in tough conditions. It was also a work-out for the equipment. However, apart from Filchner, only two of the Svalbard party – Przybyllock and the meteorologist Erich Barkow – eventually made the journey to the Antarctic.
Expedition
Germany to Buenos Aires
In early May, 1911, Deutschland sailed from Bremerhaven, bound for Buenos Aires. Filchner remained in Germany to deal with outstanding expedition business, and would join the expedition in Argentina. Meanwhile, Seelheim acted as scientific director. The voyage extended over four months, and covered with stops at the Azores, at St Paul's Rocks and at Pernambuco. Around 100 oceanographic studies were carried out, special attention being given to the confluence of the warm Brazil Current and the cold Falklands Current. Deutschland arrived in Buenos Aires on 7 September.
Although successful from a scientific standpoint, the voyage was marred by personal disagreements; Seelheim and Vahsel argued constantly. While en route to Buenos Aires in the steamer Cap Ortega, Filchner received a message that Vahsel was resigning. He then persuaded Alfred Kling, Cap Ortegas first officer, to accept the captaincy of Deutschland, but on arrival found Vahsel still in post and Seelheim gone. Nevertheless, Kling agreed to remain with the expedition as an extra watch-keeping officer. In Buenos Aires, the expedition received a consignment of Greenland dogs, and a number of Manchurian ponies; Filchner had been persuaded by Shackleton of the usefulness of horses as pack animals.
While in Buenos Aires, Deutschland was joined by Fram, Amundsen's ship, returning from the Antarctic after depositing Amundsen and his shore party at the Bay of Whales in Antarctica, prior to their successful attempt on the South Pole. The men from the two ships fraternised well – Deutschlands crew contained a number of Scandinavians – and the crew of Fram gave a rousing send-off when Deutschland departed for South Georgia on 4 October.
South Georgia
Deutschland arrived in Grytviken, South Georgia, on 21 October, to be welcomed by Carl Anton Larsen, the manager of the whaling station there. As the seas to the south remained icebound, Filchner embarked on a coastal survey of South Georgia, with the help of Larsen who lent his yacht Undine for this task. In the course of these surveys they revisited the now derelict research station at Royal Bay, reopened it, and kept it manned for a month while taking regular readings to determine magnetic field changes in the intervening years. While the coastal survey progressed, Deutschland went on a journey to the South Sandwich Islands, to test the theory of the British explorer William Speirs Bruce, that the islands in the so-called Scotia Arc were geologically linked with the Antarctic Peninsula and the South American mainland. The trip was blighted by bad weather and rough seas, with waves reaching in height. The ship proved her seaworthiness, but no landing was made, and little scientific work could be done.
In South Georgia, the expedition suffered two losses of personnel. One of the two medical doctors, Ludwig Kohl, was stricken with appendicitis and had to remain on the island. More tragic was the fate of the third officer, Walter Slossarczyk, who disappeared while fishing in King Edward Cove, off Grytviken. His empty boat was later found in Cumberland Bay. Whether this was an accident or, as some suspected, a suicide, was never established. Either way, Filchner considered the death a bad omen for the expedition.
Weddell Sea voyage
Having been restocked with equipment, the now heavily loaded Deutschland left Grytviken on 11 December 1911 carrying 35 men, 8 ponies, 75 Greenland dogs, 2 oxen, 2 pigs and several sheep. She first encountered ice three days out from Grytviken, at 57°S, and from then on, progress southwards was intermittent, with ice-bound periods interspersed with stretches of open water. Between 17 and 31 December, a mere were covered, and the generator was switched off to save coal. On 14 January 1912, at 70°47'S, the ship was trapped in solid ice, but four days later she enjoyed one of her best day's run, covering . On 27 January, now deep into the Weddell Sea, came the first intimation of land; seabed samples produced blue clay, remnants of glacial deposits that would not be found far from shore. On 28 January a wide stretch of water appeared, extending southward to the horizon: "No one had expected an open Weddell Sea behind a pack ice girdle of roughly 1,100 nautical miles", wrote Filchner.
By 29 January, the ship was beyond the location of Bruce's 1904 sighting of Coats Land, and had passed Weddell's southernmost mark of 74°15'S. The water was now becoming rapidly shallower in depth, showing the imminent approach of land; light surf was visible in the distance to the south. The next day land was observed in the form of ice cliffs, up to in height, behind which rose a gentle slope of ice and snow to a height of above . "Under this mass of ice", wrote Filchner, "undoubtedly lay hidden the Antarctic continent". This first geographical discovery of the expedition was named by Filchner as "Prinzregent Luitpold Land" (or "Luitpold Coast"), after the expedition's principal patron.
Following the coastline as it first tended south-westwards, then west and north-west, on 31 January at 77°48'S, they discovered a vast ice barrier, evidently the southern boundary of the Weddell Sea. Filchner christened it the Kaiser Wilhelm Ice Barrier; later, at the Kaiser's insistence, it was renamed after Filchner. At the conjunction of Luitpold Land and the ice barrier was a small inlet, which Filchner named Vahsel Bay. Behind the bay, nunataks (protruding rocks) confirmed the presence of land south of the bay.
At Vahsel Bay
Filchner landed survey parties at Vahsel Bay, to examine the location as a possible landing site, and they reported that it looked feasible. However, Vahsel showed a reluctance to make a landing there, arguing that, having passed Weddell's southern limit, the main task of the expedition was now done and they should return to South Georgia. This, as David Murphy in his expedition account observes, was inexplicable since Deutschlands equipment, provisions and animals clearly provided for extensive work on shore. On 1 February, hoping to resolve the impasse, Filchner agreed to search along the barrier for a better landing place, but none could be found, and by 5 February Deutschland was back at Vahsel Bay.
Vahsel wanted the camp placed on a large and durable-looking iceberg attached to the ice shelf, which the ship could reach easily. Filchner preferred to have the camp further from the ice edge, and only agreed to Vahsel's wish after the captain assured him that the expedition's ice pilot, Paul Björvik, had approved the site. The unloading process began on 9 February and continued over the next several days. By 17 February the hut had been erected and most of the equipment and animals had been transferred to the iceberg. Meanwhile, Filchner learned from Björvik that he had not been consulted, and would not have recommended the site which he described as "very bad".
On 18 February a high spring tide caused a surge of water, which sundered the iceberg from the ice barrier and sent it floating into the Weddell Sea. A frantic process of recovery began, as the ship's lifeboats were used to retrieve as much as possible from the base. By this means, most of the material was saved. Filchner continued his efforts to establish a shore base, and on 28 February, Brenneke and the geologist Fritz Heim were landed on the barrier and began to erect a depot some from the edge, and about above sea level. However, Vahsel was by now insistent that the ship return to South Georgia before being irretrievably frozen in. Filchner reluctantly accepted this; the depot was marked with black flags to await the expedition's return in the following season.
Drift
On 4 March the ship turned north, and the journey back to South Georgia began. Progress was initially minimal; on 6 March, under full steam, Deutschland advanced just , and by 15 March she was trapped firmly. Efforts to free her with dynamite failed, and Filchner resigned himself to a long winter's drift: "We now devoted ourselves to scientific work", he wrote. A research station was set up on the ice for meteorological and magnetic work, and the wildlife – penguins, other birds, whales and seals – was observed, recorded and sometimes eaten. A programme of entertainment and sporting activities was maintained on the ship and on the ice, but these diversions could not overcome the increasing divisions and hostility between the opposing groups, worsened by the excessive use of alcohol. The debacle at Vahsel Bay had destroyed morale, and there were long mutual recriminations.
In June, Filchner was desperate to escape from the poisonous ambience of Deutschland. He calculated that the drift was taking them close to where, in 1823, the American sealing captain Benjamin Morrell claimed to have encountered land, known generally as "Morrell's Land" or "New South Greenland". Morrell described a long stretch of coastline, with distant snow-covered mountains, abundant seal, and "oceanic birds of every description". Morrell's writings were typically full of exaggerations and provable errors, and he had a reputation for vagueness concerning positions and dates, but his claims had remained uninvestigated. Filchner saw an opportunity of adding to his expedition's achievements by proving or disproving the existence of Morrell's Land.
On 23 June, about east of Morrell's reported sighting, Filchner, König and Kling set out from Deutschland with supplies, sledges and dogs to find the spot, travelling much of the time by moonlight. The terrain was difficult; shifting ice with open water, and piled-up ice floes. Another problem was that the drifting ship would be in a different position when they returned. As they approached the location of Morrell's supposed sighting, they dropped lead weights to test the sea depth. Finding no evidence of shallowing, and no visible signs of land, they concluded that Morrell had most likely seen a mirage. On the return journey, through skilful navigation, they intercepted Deutschland on 30 June; it had drifted a distance of since they left.
On 8 August, Vahsel died, his health having recently deteriorated. He was buried in the ice two days later, and was succeeded as captain by Wilhelm Lorenzen, the first officer. The atmosphere did not improve; Lorenzen was no conciliator, and his relationship with Filchner was no better than Vahsel's had been. The mood rapidly became not merely unpleasant but dangerous; guns were being waved around, with threats of shooting – König claimed he had been shot at. Filchner considered his own life at risk, and slept with a loaded gun by his side. The drift continued; by mid-September, open leads were appearing in the distance, but it was not until 26 November, with the help of dynamite, that Deutschland finally broke free of the ice. The drift had provided initial evidence for the existence of the Weddell Gyre, a circulating ocean current rotating clockwise round the sea. A slow run through heavy loose pack finally brought Deutschland to Grytviken on 19 December 1912.
Dissolution
In Grytviken, open fighting broke out among the two factions. The crew had heard a rumour that they would not be paid, and turned on Filchner. When Larsen's attempts to mediate failed, he housed the more mutinous members in the whaling station before sending them home on a steamer. As replacement captain Filchner appointed Kling, who took Deutschland to Buenos Aires, where she was temporarily lent to the Argentine government to relieve the Argentinian weather station at Laurie Island.
Filchner, at this stage, had not given up on continuing his expedition. He informed the American Geographical Society that, after a period in dry dock for essential work, "...the second trip to the newly discovered land can be made again, and the explorations in the Antarctic continued according to the original program". However, the dissident members who had returned to Germany reported poor leadership and morale, and the organising committee ordered Filchner home. There, he faced a Court of Honour which, after hearing the various accusations and testimonies of witnesses, largely absolved him from blame. His opponents continued to denounce him; when von Goeldel, the former ship's doctor, called Filchner dishonourable, Filchner challenged him to a duel, and von Goeldel withdrew the comment.
Despite his official vindication, Filchner was wearied of the Antarctic, and never returned. Deutschland was acquired by König, who was organising an Austrian expedition to complete the work begun by the German expedition. Filchner was invited to join him, but declined; he likewise refused an invitation from Amundsen to accompany him on an expedition to the North Pole. He wrote: "Many experiences had convinced me that truly great successes in the polar ice are granted only to members of those nations where polar research has traditions ... I have decided to return to my original field of work: Central and East Asia".
Aftermath
In apportioning responsibility for the perceived failure, Penck and others blamed Vahsel, as did the Kaiser, who had opposed the expedition but now gave Filchner his backing. On the other hand Albert Ballin of the Hamburg America Line, Vahsel's former employers, defended the captain: "The geographical discoveries of the expedition are solely Vahsel's credit, who pursued the goals cited for him with the greatest energy, steadfast loyalty and devotion".
Controversies around the expedition were forgotten with the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914. König's expedition was cancelled, while Deutschland, which König had renamed Osterreich, was requisitioned by the Austro-Hungarian Navy, and used as a minesweeper until she was torpedoed and sunk in the Adriatic Sea.
During the war, Filchner served in the German army. Afterwards, he wrote an account of his expedition, published in 1922, in which he barely mentions the animosities that had affected it. He chose to ignore continuing denigration from his opponents, and resumed his travels, leading expeditions to Central Asia in 1926–28 and 1934–38. His last expedition, to Nepal in 1939, was interrupted by illness and the Second World War, after which he retired to Zurich. Shortly before his death in 1957, Filchner wrote an exposé, not published until 1985, which revealed the truth about his Antarctic expedition's failure.
Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, aiming for a transcontinental crossing, had entered the Weddell Sea in January 1915. Before he could land, his ship Endurance was beset, and carried in the ice by the Weddell Gyre until she was crushed and sunk in October 1915. The expedition thereafter became an epic of survival and rescue. The first land crossing of the Antarctic continent was not achieved until the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1957–58. The co-leaders, Vivian Fuchs and Edmund Hillary, followed Filchner's original two-ship plan: starting respectively at the Weddell Sea and Ross Sea, they met at the South Pole on 19 January 1958. They acknowledged Filchner as "the first to reach the head of the Weddell Sea", but they named their Vahsel Bay base camp after Shackleton whom, they said, had "intended to establish his base there".
Assessment
Notwithstanding the sense of failure and recriminations, the Second German Antarctic Expedition recorded some significant geographical achievements. It found new land, the Luitpold Coast, and reached the southern limit of the Weddell Sea. Its discovery of the Filchner Ice Shelf provided strong evidence, if not outright proof, that Penck's theory of a strait separating two Antarctic landmasses was wrong. The winter journey of Filchner, Kling and König proved the non-existence of Morrell's "New South Greenland". There were significant scientific findings, including the first evidence of the clockwise Weddell Sea gyre. The detailed oceanographic investigations revealed the temperature distribution in the waters of the southern Atlantic. Four alternating layers were identified, carrying warmer and colder streams south and north respectively, a process in which the Weddell Sea played a central role.
Owing to the commencement of the First World War, and the lack of a formal presentation of the results, the expedition's findings made little immediate impact on the international scientific community. However, the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research later rated the expedition's discoveries as equal with those of James Clark Ross in the 1840s, and in later years the Weddell Sea became the most favoured area for German polar research.
The expedition's personnel are honoured in the naming of various geographical features in the Antarctic region. As well as the Filchner Ice Shelf and Vahsel Bay, these include the Filchner Trench, on the seabed in the south-eastern corner of the Weddell Sea; the Filchner Mountains in Queen Maud Land, named by a later German expedition in 1938–39; the Filchner Rocks in South Georgia, charted during the 1911 coastal survey; Cape Vahsel on South Georgia; the König Glacier, surveyed in 1928–29 during an expedition led by Ludwig Kohl-Larson, formerly a member of Filchner's expedition; and Mount Kling in South Georgia, surveyed and named in the period 1951–57.
Notes and references
Notes
Citations
Sources
Books
Journals
Websites
1911 in Germany
1912 in Antarctica
Antarctic expeditions
Expeditions from Germany
Germany and the Antarctic
History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration |
5380004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiner | Leiner | Leiner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Benjamin Leiner, American boxer
Božidar Leiner, Croatian Jewish resistance fighter
Danny Leiner, American film director
Gershon Henoch Leiner, Polish Jewish theologian
Laura Leiner, Hungarian writer
Mordechai Yosef Leiner, Polish Jewish theologian
Shmuel Shlomo Leiner, Polish Jewish theologian
Simcha Leiner, American Orthodox Jewish singer
See also
Leiner Health Products, American pharmaceutical company
German-language surnames |
5380022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekateringofsky%20Municipal%20Okrug | Yekateringofsky Municipal Okrug | Yekateringofsky Municipal Okrug (, known as Municipal Okrug #6 () until 2011, is a municipal okrug of Admiralteysky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Population:
It borders Fontanka in the north, Lermontovsky Avenue in the east, Obvodny Canal in the south, and Yekateringofka River in the west.
References
Admiralteysky District, Saint Petersburg |
5380036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulevard%20Solitude | Boulevard Solitude | is a (lyric drama) or opera in one act by Hans Werner Henze to a German libretto by Grete Weil after the play by Walter Jockisch, in its turn a modern retelling of Abbé Prévost's 1731 novel Manon Lescaut. The piece is a reworking of the Manon Lescaut story, already adapted operatically by Auber, Massenet and Puccini, and here relocated to Paris after World War II where, as is noted in Grove, the focus of the story moves away from Manon and towards Armand des Grieux. It became Henze's first fully-fledged opera. The work stands out for its strong jazz influences, from a composer who had hitherto been associated with twelve-tone technique.
The premiere was given on 17 February 1952, at the Landestheater Hannover.
Performance history
Although it never became part of the core operatic repertoire, Boulevard Solitude continued to receive performances after the premiere. It was given in both Naples and Rome in 1954 and it received its UK premiere in London by the New Opera Company at Sadler's Wells in 1962 where the cast included Peter Glossop and April Cantelo. The first performance in the United States was at the Santa Fe Opera in 1967.
The opera continues to be performed and is popular with audiences, with a London revival in 2001 going on to sell heavily despite much negative critical reception and attacks from the tabloid press. A new production by Welsh National Opera in 2014 was also well received.
Roles
Synopsis
Scene 1: The waiting room of a busy train station in a large French city.
The student Armand des Grieux meets a young woman by the name of Manon Lescaut, who is being brought to boarding school in Lausanne by her brother. Armand instantly falls in love with Manon, and the two run off to Paris together.
Scene 2: An attic in Paris.
The two live together happily, although in poverty, in an attic room. Armand has been cut off by his father on account of his dissolute lifestyle, and is forced to ask his friend Francis for money. However, Manon's brother reappears during Armand's absence and convinces her to visit an admirer of hers, the wealthy older man Lilaque Sr.
Scene 3: An elegant room in Lilaque's house.
Manon becomes Lilaque Sr.'s mistress, but remains in love with Armand. Her brother appears and begs her for money. When she refuses him saying that she has none, he breaks into Lilaque Sr.'s safe. However Lilaque discovers them and evicts Manon.
Scene 4: The library of the university.
Sometime later, Armand, Francis, and some other students are studying the work of the Roman poet Catullus. Armand is still in love with Manon but this love is fading. Francis tells Armand about Manon's robbing Lilaque and her expulsion from his house, but Armand doesn't believe it. Francis leaves angrily and Manon enters. Manon and Armand read a poem that revives their love.
Scene 5: In a bar.
Manon and Armand are together again. Armand is addicted to drugs in order to try to forget the past. Lescaut (Manon's brother) brings him cocaine in a bar and asks for Manon, who he wishes to procure for Lilaque Jr. When Manon arrives Armand gets angry with Lescaut and Lalique Jr. Manon tries to calm him and then leaves with the two men. Armand receives the message that Manon wishes to see him the next day, when Lilaque leaves. Armand is left confused.
Scene 6: The apartment of Lilaque Jr.
Armand and Manon are together in Lilaque Jr.'s bedroom. Manon is satisfied with the new situation of being under the protection of Lilaque Jr. but Armand is nostalgic for the past in which he still lives. Lescaut appears and warns Armand that he should leave before the servants find him. Armand cuts a picture out of its frame in order to sell it, but is discovered by a servant who reports the incident to Lilaque Sr. who calls the police. Lescaut fights with Lilaque Sr. until Manon shoots the old man with a revolver that had been pressed into her hand by her brother. As Lescaut and Armand flee, Manon is arrested.
Scene 7: The exterior of a prison.
Armand arrives hoping to see his former lover before she is imprisoned. The scene ends with musical numbers from the life of the couple.
References
Notes
Sources
Boyden, Matthew (2002), The Rough Guide to Opera, Rough Guides, London. .
Clements, Andrew (1998), "Boulevard Solitude", in Stanley Sadie, (Ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. One, pp. 571–572. London: Macmillan Publishers,
Work details (synopsis and libretto in German), Opera-Guide.ch
Adaptations of works by Antoine François Prévost
Operas
1952 operas
German-language operas
Operas by Hans Werner Henze
One-act operas
Operas based on plays
Operas set in France
Paris in fiction |
4043546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20retroactive%20continuities | List of retroactive continuities | The following are examples of retroactive continuities (or retcons).
Film
The live-action Transformers film series, directed by Michael Bay, see on how the Autobots have been caught within the laws of humanity, in the second film USN security advisor Theodore Galloway wants the Autobots off the face of the Earth due to them, including their leader Optimus Prime, bringing the attention of the Decepticons. On the fourth installment, a secret task force named Cemetery Wind joins with bounty hunter Lockdown to seek and destroy the Autobots due to their involvement of the destruction of Chicago in the third film and falsely portrayed as Decepticons by Harold Attinger, who desiress the purity of the human race and exploiting Cybertronian technology for profit. In the fifth film, an advanced human military called the Transformers Reaction Force ("TRF" for short) were recruited to exterminate every Cybertronian being on sight, whether they are Autobots or Decepticons. This was Bay's final directing role of the series, due to him thinking that he is wasting his career.
The series also has some ongoing charges, for starters Bumblebee still cannot speak within the four sequels despite regaining it after the end of the first film, in Dark of the Moon Sam Witwickey later dates with Carly Spencer after Mikaela dumps him, in the Age of Extinction Sam's role was replaced by Cade Yeager after he was presumed to be killed by Cemetery Wind along with some of the previous Autobot troops to make way for the new team.
Creed (2015), the seventh entry of the Rocky film series which serves as a sequel and spin-off to 2006's Rocky Balboa (the sixth film), contains a major change into the continuity of the previous films. Creed establishes that during the events of Rocky IV, Rocky's friend and rival Apollo Creed had an affair that resulted in a woman's pregnancy shortly before his boxing match against Ivan Drago during which Apollo dies on the ring. Months after the fight, the woman gives birth to Adonis "Donnie" Creed, the illegitimate son of Apollo Creed. Donnie never meets his father and is the protagonist of the film Creed; furthermore the film reveals Apollo won the fight at the end of Rocky III implying that that is the reason why Apollo agreed to fight Ivan Drago.
Alien vs. Predator (2004), a crossover film between the Alien and Predator franchises, which serves as a bridge between both franchises' original films from 1979 to 1997. The film introduces Charles Bishop Weyland, the founder of Weyland Corporation before he leads in an expedition in Antarctica with experts to explore a buried pyramid, until he was killed by Predator creature named Scar. Since the film was later ignored by the events of the Alien prequel Prometheus (2012) and the Predator sequel Predators (2010). However, The Predator (2018), would follow the events of Alien vs. Predator and its sequel Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007), with the former film includes Lex's Alien tail spear in the film. A Predator prequel film Prey (2022) is set before the events of the Predator films and the Alien vs. Predator films are canon in the Predator timeline, which was separated from the Alien timeline for existence with prequel films Prometheus and Alien: Covenant (2017).
In the Heisei and Millennium eras of the Godzilla film series, the events of the Showa era after the original film never happened. In particular, each film in the Millennium series – except for Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S., which serves as the direct sequel to Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla – serves as a direct sequel to the original 1954 film.
In Iron Man 2, Jon Favreau's son Max appears as a child wearing an Iron Man mask whom Stark saves from a drone. This was retroactively made the introduction of a young Peter Parker to the MCU, as confirmed in June 2017 by eventual Spider-Man actor Tom Holland, Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige and Spider-Man: Homecoming director Jon Watts.
In a flashback scene of Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales it is revealed that Jack Sparrow's compass was given to him by the former captain of Wicked Wench. However, in the second installment of the franchise Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest Tia Dalma said that the compass was bartered by Jack from her. Moreover, the majority of the plotlines of the previous movie Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides were totally dismissed, leaving only the Black Pearl in the bottle. The fleet in the bottles of Blackbeard stolen by Mr. Gibbs never appears nor be mentioned in the movie. Will Turner's being as a captain of the Flying Dutchman is never previously referred as a curse, but a kind of a work. Originally, it has been planned that Will Turner will serve on a Dutchman only 10 years, after which he returns to Elizabeth, as it is seen the post-credit scene of Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End. This has been changed due to the introduction of the son of Will Turner, Henry, who wants to break the curse. The daughter of Hector Barbossa Carina Smyth could not exist in the continuity of the franchise. Carina's age is approximately that of Henry's, who is 21. Despite this, during the events of the third installment, there was no mention of the lover of Barbossa named Margaret. It is shown in the movie that Jack Sparrow knows her name, which could not happen, because Jack doesn't see Barbossa until the events of the fourth movie, which is set in 1750, while the following movie is set only five years after this.
In the Resident Evil film series (based on the videogame franchise), an incident at the Umbrella Corporation caused a zombie outbreak in Raccoon City which the President ordered to launch missiles to prevent further infection, inadvertently causing the apocalypse to the world rather than just the city alone. However it's revealed in The Final Chapter that the "incident" was actually staged by Umbrella so they can create a new future for humanity which the wealthy survive in Earth.
The film series also introduces a new character name Alice, a woman who has the power of telekinesis. The original characters from the games appear as supporting cast, however when the final film release only Albert Wesker and Claire Redfield remain while the others are implied to be killed off. Despite being adapted from a horror action game, the series have also taken drastic measures to focus more on the action rather than the horror elements.
Star Wars
Star Wars (1977) features Obi-Wan Kenobi telling Luke Skywalker that Anakin Skywalker (Luke's father) was betrayed and killed by Darth Vader. The sequel film The Empire Strikes Back (1980) has Vader reveal himself as Anakin Skywalker. George Lucas decided to merge the two characters while writing The Empire Strikes Back. The following film Return of the Jedi (1983) has Obi-Wan justifying his original description of Vader having 'murdered' Anakin as being truth "from a certain point of view": from his point of view, when Anakin became Vader, he destroyed everything that was good about his former friend and apprentice. Similarly Princess Leia had been previously set as an upper-class romantic interest for the farm boy Luke, but in Empire Strikes Back Leia falls in love with Han Solo. In order to avoid a possible love triangle, Return of the Jedi reveals Leia as Luke Skywalker's twin sister (and therefore, daughter of Darth Vader). Lucas had originally planned Luke's sister to be a separate character, before deciding to accommodate her into the already established Leia.
Rogue One (2016) explains the improbable vulnerability of the Death Star in A New Hope to small rebel ships as a consequence of deliberate sabotage on the part of Galen Erso, the key Death Star architect. The retcon was positively received.
Boba Fett and Darth Maul returned to life to positive reception, after both ostensibly dying in previous films.
Star Wars IX: Rise of Skywalker: In the sequel trilogy 30 years after Darth Sidious death in Return of the Jedi. In the final film, Rise of Skywalker, it is revealed that the smuggler turned Jedi Rey is the granddaughter of Darth Sidious, who is revealed alive on the planet Exegol who was secretly building a new Empire with the help of the Sith cultist. Though the means of Palatine's return to life were never revealed in the movie itself, only in a tie-in book he is described as having transferred his essence into an imperfect clone of himself, leading to a negative reception towards the retcon due to not being explained in the film itself.
In addition to the many perceived retcon plot-holes on that scene, Episode IX is perceived to also have many other retcon plot-holes outside of it, among them is Darth Sidious return to life (which is never explained on-screen), Rey using Luke Skywalker's X-wing (which was clearly broken in the previous film), and also on the fact that Tie Fighters had no hyperdrives on the previous Original Trilogy films. Thus Kylo Ren could never had reached the fight with Darth Sidious on time, because Rey had taken away his ship.
Specially controversial was a scene in which Rey hears some Jedi voices in her head before killing Darth Sidious. Attempting to defend the theatrical cut's "conscious choice" of not showing ghosts, and instead only showing the voices, the VFX-editor Roger Guyett said he perceived the idea of hearing them, made them "almost more powerful than the idea of actually visually seeing them". He also said, "What I liked about that idea as it developed, was that you feel like you're with Rey and you're inside her head" (very clearly noting that Rey hears the voices inside of her head). The controversy led to fan-edits adding the Force ghosts with footage from the previous films. The scene also got inadvertently compared to the beginning of the movie, which establishes Darth Sidious has the new Force ability of imitating voices in people's heads, by imitating Snoke and Darth Vader in Kylo Ren's head, this led some viewers to interpret evil Palpatine was all those voices, and won the final battle. In addition to conspiracy theories about the film's production and perceived failures on Reddit, another plot related popular fan theory supported by website Esquire, spawned due to the film's plot-holes, and in regard to the same previously mentioned scene of the "ghosts". The fan theory claims that the villain Darth Sidious won at the end of the last film and possesses Rey's body by making her kill him (which he stated, as his evil plan in the film). Due to a plot-hole that leaves open ended that Darth Sidious was possibly imitating "the voices of the Jedi that Rey hears in her head", before defeating Darth Sidious. Since the scene inadvertently got compared to the beginning of the movie, which establishes Darth Sidious has the new Force ability of imitating voices in people's heads, when Darth Sidious imitates Snoke and Darth Vader in Kylo Ren's head. Esquire noted the fan theory, states that in his initial meeting with Kylo Ren, Darth Sidious reveals that he has the ability to imitate voices into people's heads, by imitating the voices of Darth Vader and Snoke. This creates a plot-hole were some people perceive all of the Jedi voices that Rey hears could be perceived as mere imitations by Darth Sidious done in Rey's head, by using the same ability Darth Sidious had revealed he had earlier in the film. Since those voices also help Rey to kill Darth Sidious, something that the former Emperor stated he wanted Rey to do in order to merge his soul into her body (while the film does not mention the possibility of the voices being imitations by Darth Sidious, noting in the film prevents the possibility). The film makes it impossible to determine if the voices were truly the past Jedi or imitations by Darth Sidious. Without mentioning the unconfirmed origin of the voices, some websites like Digital Spy argue that Darth Sidious death due to Rey deflecting Darth Sidious own Force lighting bolt back at him, could make the cause of death a suicide (thus preventing Darth Sidious from merging his soul to her body). However, Esquire argued that it could still count as Rey murdering him (which would mean Darth Sidious won and fulfilled his plan of merging his soul into Rey's body, and that even if it was not the original intention, it could be very easily rewritten such). Time magazine, called the film and its retcons "problematic", perceiving Abrams' choices as having been made to appease the complaints leveled by a toxic contingent of online fandom angered by The Last Jedi, in particular online trolls who harassed Johnson and several cast members, most notably Tran. Time also called the plot point of who won "unclear". Website Syfy.com reviewed the theory, stating that it seemed plausible except nothing Rey does later suggest that Rey got possessed by Darth Sidious, that Disney would not permit "the devil to win", and that the theory attempts to retcon the events of the film instead of predicting something that could happen later or move the narrative forward. However it called the fan-theory somewhat of a genuine attempt at "narrative salvation" by filling the narrative voids left by the Rise of Skywalker, which it described as "half-baked and ridden with actual plot-holes". Many Reddit conspiracy theories centering on the production of the film led to false rumors about the existence of multiple director's cuts of the film, including one that supposedly included visual appearances of the (blue colored) ghosts of Obi-wan, Anakin Skywalker, and Yoda, instead of only their voices (the rumor, being completely unrelated to IX: Duel of the Fates). Although it was argued that most fans do not believe in the existence of the alternate cut by Abrams, it is believed they rather supported it as the means towards asking for a better cut of the negatively received film, as well as for a better end towards the franchise. Others, however, saw it as a parody of the movement in which fans lobbied for the Snyder Cut of the poorly received Justice League movie (the Snyder Cut proving to be true somewhat fueled credibility on to those fake Abrams alternate cut conspiracy theories). The petitions asking for a better version of the film started in January 2020, shortly after the film's release. Abrams' friend Greg Grunberg, who had cameos on the films, called the Abrams cut conspiracy fake. Website Vox was negative towards the theories, and called them fake. The Abrams cut conspiracy theories are considered to all be fake, but the unmade and unfilmed script Star Wars: Duel of the Fates by Trevorow has been confirmed as real. The parallel existence of both, led some people to confuse it as part of the conspiracy theories. According to the website The Ringer, unjustified rumors of a better version of Episode IX persisted 15 months after the film's release (this not being based on the IX: Duel of the Fates draft which was never filmed), mostly fueled by dissatisfaction with the Abrams film that got released, and noted the hashtag asking for another version of the film resurfaced due to the success of the Snyder Cut of Justice League being better than the theatrical cut directed by Joss Whedon whose changes to Zack Snyder's movie, have been compared to the ones that Abrams made to the never filmed Colin Trevorow's script of Star Wars IX titled Duel of the Fates, and also that a lot of unreleased footage from the film exists, even if there is no proof it could improve the film at all. A Forbes writer stated conspiracy theories originated due to "the film being so bad", and that to a degree the film seemed a typical case of studio interference, comparing it to the Snyder Cut and noting actor Dominic Monaghan, who appeared on the film backed the idea of a "Special Edition" of the film. Despite that a never released deleted scene where Kylo Ren called Palpatine a clone is also known to exist, Forbes noted the supposed Abrams cut rumors did not mention it, and stated the deleted scene would not be enough to fix the film. No deleted scenes have been released yet. Another never released deleted scene of Kylo Ren torturing Chewbacca is known to exist. Regardless of their lack of validity those conspiracy theories led fan editors attempting to fix the film by employing archive footage to visually incorporate the (blue colored) ghosts of Anakin Skywalker, Obi-wan, Luke, and Yoda, into a fan-made version of the scene, which was positively received for its technical execution. Website Inverse argued that the scene, especially on the part featuring Anakin interacting with Rey was better than the scene in the original film, and called for Lucasfilm to include it in a future Special Edition re-release of the film, regardless of the authenticity of the rumors that spawned it. Digital Spy said it was up to fans to choose which they liked more, in regards to seeing the ghosts or only hearing them. Website Techradar compared the scene to The Phantom Edit fan-edit of the prequel trilogy, saying it was the sequel trilogy's equivalent to that fan-edit. Abrams however affirmed his dedication not to retroactively release alternate versions of the films, saying, "I feel like [when] you're done with a thing...that's what it is." Cinema Blend argued it made a world difference and that it would have helped to better bridge the continuity between prequels and sequels. GamesRadar+ noted the fans dissatisfaction with the film that led to such fan edits, of which it added there were multiple fan-edits beyond the most popular one, and that some even toyed with replacing the Jedi voices with Sith voices. Screenrant was positive towards the fan made scene, but noted it should had also included Ahsoka Tano, and that the author was a YouTube account named "Jon H".
Screenrant noted that Darth Sidious should have been able to stop shooting the deflected lighting that was killing him, since his former apprentice Count Dooku was able in Attack of the Clones, and that Darth Sidious should have been aware of the dangers of a lightsaber deflecting his Force lighting back at him, due to it being how Mace Windu deformed his face in Revenge of the Sith.
Episode III: Revenge of the Sith established that the ability to become a Force ghost required special training in life. Since Qui-Gon only revealed the ability to return as a Force ghost along the required training, long after the death of Mace Windu and various of the other voices Rey hears in her head in Episode IX before killing Palpatine. As noted by website Screenrant, the return as a Force ghost of some of those voices clearly contradicts how Force ghosts worked in the previous films, and brings into question where were those voices during the events of the Original Trilogy (such plot-hole would not exist if the voices were imitations by Darth Sidious, which arguably would be more consistent to the previous films). Qui-Gon is shown starting the training of Yoda to become a Force ghost, which required a complicated set of special trials, in the Season 6 finale of The Clone Wars animated series. According to website Gizmodo, the technique took years to learn, and no one knew the ability other than the Force priestesses that originally taught the technique to Qui-Gon. The only characters to learn the technique from Qui-Gon were Yoda, Obi-wan, and it is assumed Luke learned it from them. While Anakin was the only one who naturally achieved it without training.
According to The Ringer the reception towards the J. J. Abrams´s directed Star Wars IX: Rise of Skywalker was so controversial, that the film (and its tie-ins), kept generating negative or controversial headlines in regards to the film's plot holes and retcon attempts to fix them for almost 10 months after its release. While contrasting how most of the other Star Wars projects released during that time span were better received. Including Dave Filoni projects like The Mandalorian and the finale of The Clone Wars animated series. Though articles criticizing the retcon attempts to fix the plot-holes of Star Wars IX existed even almost 2 years after. Scott Mendelson for Forbes described the film as "possibly worse" compared to the previous Skywalker saga films while ending the main saga and "denying this new trilogy its artistic reason for existence", and criticized the film for retconning The Last Jedi and for its conventional plot twists; saying that "patronizing reversals in the name of mollifying the fans who merely want to be reminded of the first three movies." Two other Forbes writers criticized the movie containing a number of plot holes (Palpatine's return and his relationship to Rey being the most prominent). According to IGN, the plot points and unanswered questions in The Rise of Skywalker were addressed by tie-in books and comics that would "require fans a total of $150, that would be better spent on Baby Yoda merchandise."
Literature
When Sir Arthur Conan Doyle killed off his character Sherlock Holmes by plunging him to his death over the Reichenbach Falls with his nemesis Professor Moriarty, the public's demand for Holmes was so great that Doyle was compelled to bring him back to life in a subsequent story, where he details that Holmes had merely faked his death.
Though the term "retcon" did not yet exist when George Orwell wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four, the totalitarian regime depicted in that book is involved in a constant, large-scale retconning of records. For example, when it is suddenly announced that "Oceania was not after all in war with Eurasia. Oceania was at war with Eastasia and Eurasia was an ally" (Part Two, Ch. 9), there is an immediate intensive effort to change "all reports and records, newspapers, books, pamphlets, films, sound-tracks and photographs" and make them all record a war with Eastasia rather than one with Eurasia. "Often it was enough to merely substitute one name for another, but any detailed report of events demanded care and imagination. Even the geographical knowledge needed in transferring the war from one part of the world to another was considerable." See historical revisionism (negationism)
Ian Malcolm: Although he is declared dead in "Jurassic Park" he returns in "The Lost World." Malcolm was the most popular character in the first novel and Michael Crichton decided that he needed the character for the sequel.
Television
In 2004, Coronation Street retconned the Baldwin family after Mike Baldwin's nephew Danny and wife Frankie moved to the area from Essex, with their two sons Jamie and Warren. Mike had been portrayed as an only child prior to this moment, with his father appearing in the program between 1980 and 1982 to confirm the notion.
First of the Summer Wine, the prequel to the long-running British sitcom Last of the Summer Wine, retconned the character Seymour Utterthwaite as a pre-World War II friend of the other central characters. Seymour had been introduced into later series of Last of the Summer Wine and was previously unknown to the stalwart characters, Compo and Clegg.
The revived series of British science fiction television program Doctor Who and its television spin-offs use retroactive continuity as a plot device.
Show runner Steven Moffat's fifth series finale depicted the Doctor rebooting the universe. In answer to a fan's question, Moffat tweeted: "The whole universe came exactly as it was. Except for any continuity errors I need to explain away."
In the sixth series, Moffat introduces new aliens the Silence, who erase your memory of them the moment you look away. Commenting on this device, writer MaryAnn Johanson writes, "That could be happening throughout this story... indeed, through the entire history of Doctor Who. Moffat has just created a pretty much unassailable narratively sound reason for inserting retcons anywhere throughout the half-century history of the show."
In the seventh series finale, Moffat creates an antihero unknown incarnation of the Doctor known as the War Doctor in the run-up to the show's 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor". He is shown in the mini-episode "The Night of the Doctor" retroactively inserted into the show's fictional chronology between the Eighth and Ninth Doctors, although his introduction was written so as not to disturb the established numerical naming of the Doctors.
In the 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor", Moffat revealed, that at the last instant of the Time War, the Doctor hid his war-torn home planet in time, rather than destroy it.
In the Doctor Who spin-off Torchwood, created by Russell T Davies, a drug used to erase the memory of characters is called "retcon"; the use of the drug is often referred to by characters as "retconning".
In the animated series Code Lyoko, the Lyoko Warriors finally put a end of the evil virus X.A.N.A., however it's live-action sequel Code Lyoko: Evolution, X.A.N.A. survived it's destruction by hiding in a Replika created by Franz Hopper's former colleague who kidnapped Aelita's mother to steal his research from her, X.A.N.A. had also passed his code into the four Warriors so his Specters can retrieve them to regain power. Because of the Supercomputer was reactivated for so long, the Forest and Ice Sector had been removed. This was Moonscoop Group's final project before the company rebranded as Splash Entertainment with no revival being planned.
Video games
The chronology of The Legend of Zelda series was to much debate among fans until an official timeline was printed in the collector's book Hyrule Historia, released in Japan on December 21, 2011. Hyrule Historia contains a timeline that explains how each game fits within the storyline. This includes introducing a three-way split after Ocarina of Time. The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword helps explain the appearance of multiple Zelda, Link and Ganondorf characters across hundreds of years.
The original Ninja Gaiden trilogy for the NES was followed years later by a new series of sequels produced by Team Ninja beginning with Ninja Gaiden for the Xbox in 2004. However, the second generation of Ninja Gaiden video games, being prequels to original series has many differences from the NES trilogy. The character design of Ryu Hayabusa in the new games is now based on the Dead or Alive incarnation of the character with long hair and green eyes, the character design of Ryu's father, Ken Hayabusa, has been updated as well, the character now being addressed in the English versions by his original name in the Japanese versions (Jo Hayabusa), and producer Tomonobu Itagaki hints at the possibility that Sonia, a character from the new games, might be Irene Lew from the original series. With the release of Dead or Alive: Dimensions in 2011, it has been revealed that Sonia is indeed Irene Lew.
In Metal Gear, the character Big Boss serves as Solid Snake's commanding officer and is apparently revealed near the end of the game to also be the main antagonist. However, Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain establishes the antagonist character to actually be a body double of the real Big Boss, called Venom Snake, who is killed by Solid Snake during this encounter. The original Big Boss later becomes the antagonist in the series' second entry, Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake.
In the ending of 2006's Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic and Elise blow out the flame of Solaris, undoing all changes made by Iblis and causing the entire story to never happen; thus undoing all the inconsistencies the game's plot caused.
American McGee's Alice reconstructs Lewis Carroll's beloved book into a grim adventure where Alice Liddell went insane after her family tragically died in a house fire which leaves her the only survivor and sent to Rutledge Asylum. Because of her damaged mind she imagines Wonderland in a twisted environment under the tyrannical rule of the Queen of Hearts and that some of her friends became more mad such as the Mad Hatter turning the populace into automatons and the Duchess becoming a cannibal. Now Alice must venture forward in Wonderland to both defeat the Queen of Hearts and restore her sanity.
Alice: Madness Returns reveals that her families death wasn't an accident but was caused by Alice's father's old colleague Dr. Angus Bumby, a renowned psychiatrist and secret child trafficker who started the fire to destroy evidence that he raped and killed Alice's oldest sister Lizzie. Taking advantage of Alice's sanity he uses hypnosis to both erase her memories and turn her into one of his prostitutes, his influence manifest in Alice's mind as the Dollmaker who conducts the Infernal Train to corrupt Wonderland in Ruin.
The main premise of American McGee's Grimm is controlling a nasty dwarf name Grimm, who's main purpose is to revert happy fairy tales to there original dark folklore (with a few "adjustments"), reconning the stories to be more gritty, demonic and violent.
There were many changes to both the Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor and Shadow of War games which takes place before Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings (however they aren't canon to the films), Gollum knowing and seeing Celebrimbor's spirit, Shelob can turn herself into a human, and Sauron having different armor as well as a different design of Barad-dûr. In the end of Shadow of War, both Sauron and Celebrimbor are trapped together in Barad-dûr (making both the Eye of Sauron and the One Ring glow white and red) while the protagonist Talion joins with the nine Nazgûls, ending the campaign Decades later in The Return of the King.
Ignored sequels in various media
The film Superman Returns continues the storylines of Superman and Superman II, and ignoring the events of Superman III and Superman IV: The Quest for Peace.
Halloween III: Season of the Witch (1982) is the only entry in the series that does not feature the series antagonist Michael Myers, nor does it include story elements from either Halloween (1978) or Halloween II (1981). In fact, it treats the first film and, apparently, its sequel as fictional films, as one of the characters watches a trailer for the original during the film; additionally, the film's tagline is a reference to the tagline from the original as well. The film Halloween H20: 20 Years Later (1998) is a direct sequel to Halloween and Halloween II, dismissing the events that take place in the sequels Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers (1988), Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers (1989) and Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers (1995). The subsequent film Halloween: Resurrection (2002) follows the new continuity of Halloween H20, but it retcons that film's ending in order to do so. The 2018 film Halloween is a direct sequel to the original film while disregarding the other sequels, and retconning the ending of the first film.
The Exorcist III is a sequel to The Exorcist, and ignores the events of Exorcist II: The Heretic.
Highlander II: The Quickening is a sequel to the first film, but its events are ignored by later films in the series. Similarly, Highlander: Endgame ignores the events of both Highlander II and Highlander III: The Sorcerer and only follows the events of the TV series and the first film.
Doom 3 is a first reboot of the Doom series, and ignores the events the previous games.
Return to Sleepaway Camp is a direct sequel to Sleepaway Camp, and ignores the events of Sleepaway Camp II: Unhappy Campers and Sleepaway Camp III: Teenage Wasteland.
Texas Chainsaw 3D and its prequel Leatherface follow the continuity of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, ignoring the events of the other sequels.
Rings is a direct sequel to the 2002's The Ring, and ignores the events of The Ring Two.
The fifth film in the Terminator series, Terminator Genisys (2015), completely disregards the events of the third and fourth Terminator films, Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003) and Terminator Salvation (2009). Terminator: Dark Fate (2019) disregards the third, fourth, and fifth films, with only the original 1984 film and the first sequel Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) considered canon. However, all the sequels after Judgment Day contradict a deleted scene epilogue of that film.
Universal Soldier: Regeneration is an alternative sequel to Universal Soldier, and ignores the events of Universal Soldier: The Return.
Jaws: The Revenge, the fourth film in the Jaws franchise, is a direct sequel to Jaws 2 and ignores the events of Jaws 3-D.
Blair Witch is a direct sequel to The Blair Witch Project, and ignores the events of Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2.
A Christmas Story 2 is a direct sequel to A Christmas Story, and ignores the events of My Summer Story.
Herbie: Fully Loaded is a direct sequel to the previous films, ignores the events of The Love Bug.
Zeta Gundam: A New Translation, a film compilation retelling of the TV series, while having a similar ending, includes elements that intentionally leave no plausible room for the events of ZZ Gundam.
Twisted Metal: Head-On is a direct sequel to Twisted Metal 2, and ignores the events of Twisted Metal III and Twisted Metal 4
Batman '89 is an alternate continuation of Batman and Batman Returns, and ignores the events of Batman Forever and Batman & Robin.
Crash Bandicoot 4: It's About Time, the eighth main installment in the Crash Bandicoot series, is a direct sequel to Crash Bandicoot: Warped and ignores the events of every post-Naughty Dog game.
Masters of the Universe: Revelation is a sequel to Filmation's He-Man and the Masters of the Universe and ignores the events of The New Adventures of He-Man.
Lightyear is a spin-off of the Toy Story film series, and ignores the events of Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins and Buzz Lightyear of Star Command.
Yoshi's New Island is a direct sequel to Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's New Island, and ignores the events of Yoshi's Island DS.
References
Continuity (fiction)
retroactive |
4043548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Talbot%2C%201st%20Viscount%20Lisle | John Talbot, 1st Viscount Lisle | John Talbot, 1st Baron Lisle and 1st Viscount Lisle ( 1426 – 17 July 1453), English nobleman and medieval soldier, was the son of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, and his second wife Margaret Beauchamp.
Titles
Talbot was already a knight when, on 26 July 1444, he was created Lord and Baron Lisle of Kingston Lisle in Berkshire by Henry VI, his mother being one of the co-heirs to the previous creation of the barony. He stood to inherit much of her estates in Wales on the Welsh Marches, and in Gloucestershire at Painswick. She had fought long and hard to enfranchise her son for the duration of the Berkeley feud, in which the young nobleman's manor house was raided by Lord Berkeley's brothers. After 1449, his mother was one of three co-heiresses to her father, and through her, he possessed a claim on Berkeley Castle. In 1451, already a veteran of the fight at St Barnets Green, he was created Viscount Lisle.
In prosecution of the claim against James Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley, the heir-male, he stormed Berkeley Castle in 1452 and took the Baron and his sons prisoner.
Ordered to recruit reinforcements for the English army in France, he found 2325 men at Dartmouth and Plymouth before embarkation on 5 March 1453. He was joined by the Lords Moleyns and Camoys, as he led troops into Guyenne to reinforce his father. They sailed to Bordeaux but still the English army numbered only 8,000, facing an enemy force of 10,000. They were still awaiting reinforcements when they marched out, capturing an outpost at St Laurent on 17 July 1453. That day they fought the last pitched battle of the Hundred Years' War at Castillon. Both father and son were killed during the battle. Some chroniclers assert that when his wounded and unhorsed father begged him to quit the field and save himself, he refused, preferring death to dishonour; a scene memorialized by William Shakespeare in Henry VI, Part I, Act IV, Scene VI.
Marriage and issue
He married Joan Cheddar (b. c. 1425), the daughter of Thomas Chedder, Esquire and the widow of Richard Stafford in 1443 and had three children:
Elizabeth Talbot (d. 1487), married Edward Grey, Baron Ferrers of Groby. Grey later inherited the title of Baron Lisle, through Elizabeth.
Thomas Talbot, 2nd Viscount Lisle (c. 1449–1470)
Margaret Talbot (d. 1475), 1st wife of Sir George Vere (d. 1503), son of John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford
Ancestry
References
History of Berkeley
1426 births
1453 deaths
People of the Hundred Years' War
English soldiers
Talbot, John
English military personnel killed in action
John
1
Barons Lisle (Peerage of England) |
5380053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Emerald%20Isle | The Emerald Isle | The Emerald Isle; or, The Caves of Carrig-Cleena, is a two-act comic opera, with music by Arthur Sullivan and Edward German, and a libretto by Basil Hood. The plot concerns the efforts of an Irish patriot to resist the oppressive "re-education" programme of the English, which has robbed the Irish of their cultural heritage. A quirky "Professor of Elocution" who is hired by the English to continue this "re-education" of the Irish switches sides to help the Irish defend their culture. Romantic complications cause a confrontation between the Irish patriots and the superstitious English at the supposedly haunted caves of Carric-Cleena, and disguises are employed to hold the English off; but the professor ultimately comes up with a solution that works out happily for all.
The opera premiered at the Savoy Theatre on 27 April 1901, closing on 9 November 1901 after a run of 205 performances. The opening night cast included such Savoy regulars as Robert Evett, Walter Passmore, Henry Lytton, Rosina Brandram, Isabel Jay and Louie Pounds. The opera was given a production in New York City at the Herald Square Theatre for 50 performances, opening on 1 September 1902 and closing on 18 October 1902. The New York cast included Kate Condon as Molly and Jefferson De Angelis as Bunn. It was revived in 1935 at the Prince's Theatre (now the Shaftesbury Theatre) in London.
Modern professional productions of the work have been rare. The Prince Consort (an Edinburgh-based performing group) recorded the piece in Britain live in performance at the fringe of the Edinburgh Festival in 1982. The piece was also given in Edinburgh and then Torquay, England, in 1998. Another live recording (with dialogue) was made in 2001 as a centenary production at the Alexander Theatre of the Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, by the Gilbert and Sullivan Society of Victoria (now known as Gilbert & Sullivan Opera Victoria). Amateur groups in Britain produced the piece regularly through the 1920s and occasionally thereafter. A concert of the opera was performed by Valley Light Opera in Amherst, Massachusetts on 8 March 2008 with a narration written by Jonathan Strong. This was the first known U.S. performance of the opera with full orchestra since 1902.
History
For much of the 1890s, impresario Richard D'Oyly Carte and his wife Helen Carte had struggled to find successful shows to fill the Savoy. They finally found a winning formula in The Rose of Persia by Arthur Sullivan and Basil Hood in 1899, and the two men quickly agreed to collaborate again. However, Sullivan, who had increasingly struggled with ill health, died on 22 November 1900. At his death, Sullivan had finished two musical numbers from The Emerald Isle in their entirety, leaving behind sketches of at least the voice parts for about half of the others. The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company commissioned Edward German to complete the numbers Sullivan had sketched and to compose the rest of the opera himself. Carte himself died on 27 April 1901, and the opera was produced by his widow, Helen, who engaged William Greet as manager of the Savoy Theatre during the run of The Emerald Isle.
German, to this point, was known chiefly as a composer of orchestral and incidental music. The Emerald Isle was sufficiently successful to launch German on an operatic career. German's most famous opera was Merrie England (1902), also written with Hood, and Hood went on to a very successful career as an adapter of European operettas for the English stage.
Unlike Hood's first opera with Sullivan, The Rose of Persia, The Emerald Isle does not pay much homage to the Gilbert and Sullivan comic tradition, except for the mistaken identities and the fact that the opera was written for the same opera company and its regular performers. The plot is not reminiscent of Gilbert's topsy-turvy style, nor is there any obvious satiric point. With its Irish jigs and broad comedy, the work was more at home in the musical comedy style that had become prevalent on the London stage by the end of the 1890s. Sullivan's music has been described as "reminiscent rather than fresh", while German's contributions to the score, though partly imitative of Sullivan, marked him as a comic opera composer of promise.
Roles and original cast
The Earl of Newtown, K.P. (Lord Lieutenant of Ireland) (bass-baritone) – Jones Hewson
Dr. Fiddle, D.D. (his Private Chaplain) (tenor) – Robert Rous
Terence O'Brian (a Young Rebel) (tenor) – Robert Evett
Professor Bunn (Shakespearean Reciter, Character Impersonator, etc.) (comic baritone) – Walter Passmore
Pat Murphy (a Fiddler) (lyric baritone) – Henry A. Lytton
Irish Peasants:
Black Dan (baritone) – W. H. Leon
Mickie O'Hara (non-singing) – C. Earldon
H.M. 11th Regiment of Foot:
Sergeant Pincher (bass) – Reginald Crompton
Private Perry (non-singing) – Powis Pinder/Charles Childerstone
Sentry (non-singing)
The Countess of Newtown (contralto) – Rosina Brandram
Lady Rosie Pippin (her Daughter) (soprano) – Isabel Jay
Molly O'Grady (a Peasant Girl) (mezzo-soprano) – Louie Pounds
Susan (Lady Rosie's Maid) (mezzo-soprano) – Blanche Gaston-Murray
Peasant Girls:
Nora (non-singing) – Lulu Evans
Kathleen (soprano) – Agnes Fraser
Chorus of Irish Peasants and Soldiers of 11th Regiment of Foot
Synopsis
According to the libretto, the action takes place "About a Hundred Years Ago."
Act I
Scene: Outside the Lord Lieutenant's Country Residence.
In a picturesque Irish village, the chorus speculate that Terence O'Brian, a local hero who has long been absent abroad, will soon return. O'Brien indeed appears, but they mistake him for a Saxon (hated by the Irish) because of his English accent. He assures them that, although he was educated at Oxford, he is thoroughly Irish, and is in fact descended from one of the ancient Irish kings, Brian Boru.
Pat Murphy, a blind fiddler, tells O'Brien that the Lord Lieutenant has compelled all of the villagers to adopt English customs and speak in English accents. O'Brien vows to restore Irish customs to the district; he requires only a suitable tutor to re-educate the local people, since they have all forgotten how to be Irish.
Professor Bunn enters. He has overheard the conversation. Although the Lord Lieutenant has hired him to be the Local Professor of English Elocution, he assures them that he can also train the local peasantry to be typically Irish. O'Brien is sceptical, but as Bunn has overheard them, they decide it would be better to forcibly initiate him into their secret society, the Clan-na-Gael. O'Brien tells Bunn that the ceremony will take place at midnight, at the Caves of Carrig-Cleena.
O'Brien is secretly engaged to the Lord Lieutenant's daughter, Lady Rosie Pippin. While he goes off for a secret rendezvous, he leaves Bunn in Murphy's custody. Once they are alone, Murphy admits that he isn't blind at all; he has only feigned blindness. But he is in love with Molly O'Grady, and he wants to tell her how beautiful she is, which he cannot do unless his "blindness" is cured. He suggests that Professor Bunn impersonate a doctor, who will restore his sight. Molly then enters, but she says that if Bunn could cure Murphy, she would marry Bunn. For now, Murphy decides to remain blind, after all.
Jealous of Bunn, Murphy tells O'Brien that Bunn can't be trusted. O'Brien threatens Bunn with death, but offers him a reprieve if he can manage to get a letter to Lady Rosie's maid, which O'Brien himself has been unable to do. Bunn mesmerises the guard at the gate of the Lieutenant's, and goes inside.
Molly warns O'Brien that the Caves of Carrig-Cleena are a dangerous hiding place for the rebels, because fairies reside there. She tells him that the Fairy Cleena, their Queen, has taken a fancy to Blind Murphy, and does his house chores. (It is, in fact, Molly who has been doing them.) Molly and Murphy tell O'Brien the legend of the Fairy Cleena.
Rosie, having received O'Brien's message, comes out to greet him. From Rosie and her maid, Susan, he learns that Bunn had delivered a letter to the Lord Lieutenant himself. O'Brien is now even more convinced that Bunn can't be trusted, but as he wants to be alone with Rosie, he directs Susan to keep an eye on the Professor. However, after Bunn tells Susan he's a detective from Scotland Yard, she allows him to leave, noting that she is much enchanted by detectives. He goes into Murphy's cottage to change into a disguise, which he has brought with him.
The Lord Lieutenant enters, with the Countess and Dr. Fiddle. The Lieutenant is expecting Professor Bunn, who cannot be found. However, he has received an anonymous note warning that the rebel leader Terence O'Brien is in the area, and his hiding place is Carrig-Cleena. The Lieutenant vows to send troops to exterminate the rebels.
Molly and Murphy have overheard this. Learning that Murphy is a musician, the Lieutenant hires him to play the bagpipes, anticipating a victory over the rebels. Molly is aghast when he accepts, as she believes his loyalties should be on the Irish side.
Rosie, too, is distraught, as she fears O'Brien will be in grave danger, but it turns out O'Brien has not yet left for the caves. Rosie warns him that soldiers are on the way, and O'Brien is sure that Bunn has betrayed them. Bunn comes out of Muphy's cottage dressed as an old man, but O'Brien quickly sees through the disguise. O'Brien threatens to kill him, but Molly comes forward with an idea for deterring the soldiers. She knows they are afraid of fairies. She plans to tell them that the Caves of Carrig-Cleena are haunted, and she will impersonate the Fairy Cleena herself. Thinking quickly, Professor Bunn offers to tell the soldiers that he has been imprisoned by the fairies for the last fifty years, and that the same fate awaits them should they go near the caves. Terrence concludes that Bunn will be useful, after all.
The soldiers enter with great pomp. Molly, Bunn, and the others play out their trick, and as expected the soldiers are greatly affected by it. Murphy suggests that the fairies can cure his blindness, but Molly (impersonating the Fairy Cleena) insists that they cannot. The Lord Lieutenant orders the soldiers to attack the rebels, but they have been taken in by the ruse. Panic-stricken, the soldiers disperse.
Act II
Scene: The Caves of Carrig Cleena.
The peasant rebels nervously await the soldiers' arrival. At first, they are relieved when O'Brien tells them of Professor Bunn's successful ruse. But then Molly rushes in, and tells them the soldiers have changed their minds, and that Carrig-Cleena is now surrounded. Once again, O'Brien suspects that Professor Bunn has deceived them. Bagpipes are heard in the distance, which they all presume are played by Blind Murphy. They suspect that he, too, is a spy.
Rosie and Susan enter. The rebels are aghast to learn that O'Brien's lover is no other than the Lord Lieutenant's daughter. He explains that they had met in London, before they realized that they were on opposite sides of the conflict. He says that they are engaged, but Rosie warns that they cannot be married without her father's consent, which he would never give.
Professor Bunn arrives, and the rebels seize him. O'Brien tells Bunn that the only way he can avoid death is if he can frighten away the eight hundred English soldiers that are now surrounding the area. They develop a plan whereby Molly will once again appear as the Fairy Cleena, with her image projected on the rocks by an apparatus that Bunn provides. Bunn is to appear as a goblin. Rosie will hide behind the rocks and sing a love-song, purportedly the fairies' siren song.
Murphy arrives. He plans to pretend that he has spoken with the fairies, and is cured of his blindness. Professor Bunn decides to try the elaborate ruse. Rosie sings in the background, with Molly's image projected on the rocks. Murphy is overwhelmed, and falls senseless on the stage. O'Brien, however, is not impressed, as the idea was that Murphy would run off and tell the soldiers what had happened, frightening them away. Bunn persuades O'Brien to let him have one more try at it.
When Murphy revives, the rebels accuse him of being a spy, and they put him on trial. Molly stands up in his defence, pointing out that a blind man can't be a spy. Murphy finally admits that he has never been blind. Molly is ashamed by his deception. Terence tells Murphy that he is banished. He sings a sad farewell, and Molly is moved. She admits that she loves him.
The Sergeant enters in advance of the troops. O'Brien warns him of the dangerous Fairy Cleena. Professor Bunn bewitches the Sergeant, and when the Lord Lieutenant enters with the Countess, they find the Sergeant apparently insane. Professor Bunn tells the Lieutenant that he is a researcher looking for fairies and has found them. The Lieutenant doesn't believe him, and he asks Dr. Fiddle to confirm that fairies do not exist.
As there are no rebels around, the Lieutenant believes he has been tricked. He offers a reward of a thousand guineas to anyone who can identify the person responsible. Professor Bunn admits to writing the letter and asks for the reward. The Lieutenant says that he shall have it, but that he will also be shot for rebellion.
The rebels appear, and the Lieutenant orders their arrest. O'Brien steps forward and insists that if anyone is to be shot, he should be the first. Rosie takes her place at his side, and tells her father that they are in love. The Lieutenant insists that she may only marry a man of royal blood. O'Brien replies that he is descended from Brian Boru, an ancient King of Ireland, which removes the Lieutenant's objection, but the Lieutenant responds that O'Brien will nevertheless be shot for treason.
Professor Bunn, however, points out that all English noblemen nowadays are more than half American, and America is the friend of Ireland. Therefore, the Lieutenant is a friend of the rebels, and it would be absurd to have them shot. The Lieutenant agrees that this is conclusive, and all ends happily.
Musical numbers
Overture (includes "We don't intend to go to Carrig-Cleena", "Bedad it's for him" and the "Jig") †
Act I
1. "Have ye heard the brave news?" (Chorus of Peasants) ‡
2. "My Friends... I'm descended from Brian Boru" (Terence and Chorus)
3. "Of Viceroys though we've had" (Murphy and Chorus)
4. "If you wish to appear as an Irish type" (Bunn and Chorus)
5. "On the Heights of Glantaun" (Molly, Terence, and Murphy)
6. "Two is Company" (Rosie, Susan, Terence & Bunn)
7. Entrance of Lord Lieut., Countess and Chaplain: "I am the Lord Lieutenant" (Lord Lieut., Countess, and Dr. Fiddle)
8. "At an early stage of life" (Lord Lieut. with Rosie, Countess, and Dr. Fiddle)
9. "When Alfred's friends their king forsook" (Countess) †
10. "Oh, setting sun you bid the world good-bye" (Rosie) †
11. "Their courage high you may defy" (Rosie, Susan, Molly, Terence and Bunn)
12. Entrance of Soldiers: "That we're soldiers no doubt you will guess" (Chorus of Soldiers and Girls)
13. "Now this is the song of the Devonshire Men" (Sergeant and Chorus) †
14. Entrance of Bunn: "It is past my comprehension... Many years ago I strode" (Bunn and Molly with Chorus)
15. "Their fathers fought at Ramillies" (Ensemble)
Act II
16. "Is there anyone approachin" (Chorus of Peasant Men with Dan)
17. "Bedad, it's for him that will always employ" (Chorus of Men) †
18. "Jig" (Peasants) †
18a. "Och, the spalpeen! Let him drown!" (Chorus) †
19. "Oh have you met a man in debt" (Terence and Chorus)
20. "Twas in Hyde Park, beside the row" (Rosie, Terence, and Chorus)
21. "I cannot play at love" (Molly, Kathleen, Bunn, Rosie, and Chorus) †
22. "Oh the age, in which we're living" (Bunn, with Susan) †
23. "Sing a rhyme" (Kathleen, Terence, Bunn, Susan, and Chorus)
24. "Listen, hearken my lover" (Rosie, Terence and Murphy) †
25 "Good-bye my native town" (Murphy) †
26. "I love you! I love you!" (Molly and Murphy) †
27. "There was once a little soldier" (Terence with Chorus)
28. "With a big shillelagh" (Ensemble)
† – Number composed entirely by German
‡ – Number composed entirely by Sullivan
Notes
External links
The Emerald Isle at The Gilbert & Sullivan Archive
Vocal score at the IMSLP
The Emerald Isle at The Gilbert & Sullivan Discography
Programme from the original production
Review in The Times, 29 April 1901
New York Times review of the Broadway production of Emerald Isle
IBDB listing for Emerald Isle
Operas by Arthur Sullivan
Operas by Edward German
English-language operas
English comic operas
Operas
1901 operas
Operas set in Ireland
Sullivan |
4043549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadena%20Salsoul | Cadena Salsoul | Cadena Salsoul is an entertainment-focused salsa radio network in Puerto Rico.
The SalSoul Network, made up of two simulcast FM facilities, has been top rated in every significant demographic since 1986. In the important age groups, the network often doubled the audience of the number two station in this market of 125 stations and 3.5 million persons.
The WPRM-FM and WIVA-FM network made up the first instance in the U.S. of using two FM signals to cover all of a large market. WPRM covers San Juan and Ponce; WIVA covers Mayagüez and Arecibo. They also added WRIO Ponce to the network. Together, they cover the "consolidated" market favored by advertising agencies. In a survey conducted in 2015, listeners ranked them the third best station, after KQ 105 FM and Z-93 FM. Through use of parallel clustering, spots could be sold locally on either signal for smaller retail accounts.
Since June 24, 2013 and after 58 years broadcasting on the frequency of 98.5 FM, the radio station, with the approval of the Federal Communications Commission in the United States, has changed to 99.1 FM for the best coverage.
Programming
La Perrera
Móntala con Salsoul
El Show de Jesse y Bebe
El Bollete
SalSoul en la Noche
References
External links
Propulsor de una radio revolucionaria (Spanish)
Radio stations in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Radio stations in Ponce, Puerto Rico
Radio stations established in 1959
1959 establishments in Puerto Rico |
5380057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Young%20%28Labour%20politician%29 | David Young (Labour politician) | David Wright Young (12 October 1930—1 January 2003), was a British Labour politician.
Born in Greenock, Young attended the Greenock Academy, St Paul's College in Cheltenham, and the University of Glasgow. At first he was a teacher, becoming head of the History department, but he later became an insurance executive in Coventry.
Young joined the Labour Party in 1955, and he was Chair of Coventry East Constituency Labour Party from 1964 to 1968. The Labour MP for the constituency at this time was Richard Crossman, a senior figure on the left of the party. In 1973 he was elected to Nuneaton Borough Council, serving for three years.
After a succession of candidacies in unwinnable seats (South Worcestershire in 1959, Banbury in 1966, and Bath in 1970), Young was elected to the House of Commons on his fourth attempt for Bolton East in February 1974. He served as Parliamentary Secretary to Fred Mulley from 1977 to 1979.
Following boundary changes, he became MP for Bolton South East in 1983. Although willing to continue, he was replaced as Labour candidate for the seat by Brian Iddon before the 1997 general election. Young accepted his deselection with good grace.
References
M. Stenton and S. Lees, "Who's Who of British MPs", Vol. IV (Harvester Press, 1981)
Who Was Who
1930 births
2003 deaths
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Bolton South East |
5380059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoniadi%20scale | Antoniadi scale | The Antoniadi scale is a system used by amateur astronomers to categorise the weather conditions when viewing the stars at night.
Invention
The Antoniadi scale was invented by Eugène Antoniadi, a Greek astronomer, who lived from 1870 to 1944. Living most of his life in France, he spent his time viewing Mars from Camille Flammarion's observatory. He was very prestigious and was eventually given access to the Meudon Observatory, the largest of the time.
Current usage
Now the scale is seen as the metric system of astronomy, being used as a default measurement all over the world. Until recently in 2018, astronomers have been debating whether a new system with more categories is necessary.
Description
The scale is a five-point system, with 1 being the best seeing conditions and 5 being the worst. The actual definitions are as follows:
(I.) Perfect seeing, without a quiver.
(II.) Slight quivering of the image with moments of calm lasting several seconds.
(III.) Moderate seeing with larger air tremors that blur the image.
(IV.) Poor seeing, constant troublesome undulations of the image.
(V.) Very bad seeing, hardly stable enough to allow a rough sketch to be made.
Note that the scale is usually indicated by use of a Roman numeral or an ordinary number.
Other ways of indicating seeing
Astronomers have devised several methods for defining the quality of seeing apart from the Antoniadi scale, including:
Transparency
Limiting magnitude
a light meter
References
External links
https://www.webcitation.org/5knIUG6ml?url=http://www.geocities.com/kev_woodward/seeingscale.htm archived 2009-10-25
Antoniadi_scale.html
Amateur astronomy
Observational_astronomy
Scales
Stellar astronomy |
5380063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orghast | Orghast | Orghast was an experimental play based on the myth of Prometheus, written by Peter Brook and Ted Hughes, and performed in 1971 at the Festival of Arts of Shiraz-Persepolis, which was held annually from 1967 to 1977. It was performed in two parts, with the first performed at Persepolis around dusk, and the second at the nearby site of Naqsh-e Rostam at dawn.
The Play
Orghast was the International Centre for Theatre Research's first public performance at an international event. Peter Brook and Ted Hughes collaborated to create a comprehensive myth, weaving in and out of the Prometheus myth, to be performed at the Shiraz/Persepolis festival in Iran in 1971, which gave the group its first commission. It was written in part in an invented language that Hughes called Orghast, and this eventually also became the name of the piece. Classical Greek and Avesta were also used. (Avesta is a two-thousand-year-old ceremonial language, in which the letters of the words contain indications of how particular sounds are intended to be heard.) The piece was developed through improvisation with actors and experimentation, led by Brook and Hughes.
Brook's and Hughes' purpose in using these languages was to communicate with the audience in pure sound, in a mode in which meaning is conveyed in such a way that is intended to transcend rational discourse. According to his own descriptions, Brook's goals are related to those of sacred and ritual theater. Believing "the essence of theater to be magic," Orghast was supposed to bring the audience to alternate modes of consciousness, either "beyond themselves or below themselves."
Directed by Peter Brook in collaboration with Arby Ovanesian (Iran), Geoffrey Reeves (England) and Andrei Șerban (Romania);
Stage Set: Eugene Lee (US), Franne Lee (USA), and Jean Monod (Switzerland).
The story of this production is documented in a book by A. C. H. Smith and a chapter by Glenn Meredith.
Actors
Cameroon: Daniel Kamwa
England : Robert Lloyd, Pauline Munro, Bruce Myers, Natasha Parry, Irene Worth
France: Claude Confortès, Sylvain Corthay
Iran: Nozar Azadi, Farkhundeh Baver, Dariush Farhang, Mohamed-Bagher Ghaffari, Hushang Ghovanlou, Said Oveyesi, Parviz Poorhosseini, Syavash Tahmoures, Saddredin Zahed
Japan: Katsuhiro Oida
Mali: Malick Bagayogo
Portugal: Joao Mota
Spain: Paloma Matta
USA: Michèle Collison, Andreas Katsulas, Lou Zeldis
References
External links
1971 plays
English plays
Plays based on classical mythology
Works by Ted Hughes
1971 in Iran |
4043551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Macdonough | Thomas Macdonough | Thomas Macdonough, Jr. (December 31, 1783 – November 10, 1825) was an early-19th-century Irish-American naval officer noted for his roles in the first Barbary War and the War of 1812. He was the son of a revolutionary officer, Thomas Macdonough, Sr. who lived near Middletown, Delaware. He was the sixth child from a family of ten siblings and was raised in the countryside. He entered naval life at an early age, receiving a midshipman's commission at the age of sixteen. Serving with Stephen Decatur at Tripoli, he was a member of "Preble's Boys", a select group of U.S. naval officers who served under the command of Commodore Preble during the First Barbary War. Macdonough achieved fame during the War of 1812, commanding the American naval forces that defeated the British navy at the Battle of Lake Champlain, part of the larger Battle of Plattsburgh, which helped lead to an end to that war.
Early life
Major Thomas Macdonough Senior, Captain Thomas Macdonough's father, lived at a farm referred to as "The Trap" (also spelled 'Trapp'), in the county of New Castle, Delaware. He received a contemporary education here but it remains uncertain if he attended any sort of formal schools or was taught by family members or a tutor. He was a major in the Continental Army. Macdonough's great-grandfather, also named Thomas Macdonough, lived in Ireland in the Salmon Leap district not far from Dublin. He was of the Protestant faith and succeeding generations were connected with the Episcopal Church in the United States,
Thomas Macdonough Jr. was born in a small town near Odessa, which later was named MacDonough, Delaware, in his honor. He was employed in Middletown as a clerk upon the return of his brother James, who lost a leg in a naval battle with a French vessel in 1799 during the Quasi-War with France. Shortly after, Macdonough requested a commission with the United States Navy with the assistance of Senator Latimer from the state of Delaware.
Macdonough was a tall, dignified man with a commanding character which suited him well for military service. He was a devoutly religious man of Episcopal faith, as were his parents and greater family. He was known to adhere to a set of steadfast principles in his personal and military life.
Before joining the Navy, Thomas, Jr., for unknown reasons, changed the spelling of his last name from "McDonough" to "Macdonough.
On May 27, 1800, at the age of sixteen, Macdonough secured a warrant and served as a midshipman aboard the 24-gun , a corvette class ship, converted over from a merchantman vessel and outfitted as a man-of-war.
Under the command of Captain John Mullowny, Ganges then set sail for the West Indies. During operations there she captured three French merchant ships between May and September. When hostilities between the United States and France had finally ended the following year on October 20, 1801, Macdonough was assigned to , a 38-gun frigate. Commanded by Alexander Murray, Constellation was about to embark on its mission in the Mediterranean sea. While serving aboard Constellation he received a thorough education from Murray in seamanship, navigation, gunnery, and other nautical sciences towards improving his service as a junior officer.
First Barbary War
Aboard Constellation in January 1802, Macdonough served with distinction in naval operations against Tripoli during the First Barbary War. This was the same ship that his brother James had served on a few years earlier.
In 1803, Navy Secretary Robert Smith selected Macdonough to serve aboard , a 38-gun frigate, commanded by William Bainbridge. Macdonough was aboard this ship when it captured the Moroccan ship Mirboka on August 26, 1803. Shortly before Philadelphia ran aground and was consequently captured by the Tripolitans, Macdonough had gone ashore on leave. He was reassigned on October 31 to the 12-gun sloop under the command of Lieutenant Stephen Decatur. Macdonough volunteered to join Decatur's successful raid into the harbor of Tripoli. On February 6, 1804, they succeeded in burning and destroying Philadelphia. Having just served on Philadelphia, Macdonough's familiarity made his role in the operation a crucial one. For his heroic actions he was promoted to acting lieutenant.
Macdonough also accompanied Decatur when they hunted down the murderer of Decatur's brother, James Decatur, who was killed by the commander when he boarded a Tripolitan ship that had pretended to be surrendering. After catching up with and pulling alongside the ship involved, Decatur was the first to board the enemy vessel with Midshipman Macdonough at his heels along with nine volunteer crew members. Decatur, Macdonough and the rest of the crew were outnumbered 5 to 1 but were determined, organized and kept their form, fighting furiously side by side, killing the commander and most of the crew along with capturing the Tripolitan ship.
Other service
After winning promotion to Lieutenant for his participation in the raid on Philadelphia, Macdonough served aboard the 18-gun brig , the same vessel assisting at Tripoli. Assisting Isaac Hull, he then supervised the construction of several gunboats in Middletown, Connecticut. In January 1806, Macdonough was promoted to a commission of Lieutenant.
As commander of the 18-gun , Macdonough served patrolling waters near Great Britain and various points in the Mediterranean. He returned to America and enforced the Embargo Act, and the Atlantic blockade, from 1807 and 1808.
In 1809, he served with Captain Smith aboard , but later requested reassignment. Macdonough returned to Middletown, Connecticut, and was placed in charge of the several gunboats there. In Middletown Macdonough met his future wife, Ann Shaler.
With the repeal of the Embargo Act, the role of the navy became less active, with a fifth of its officers away on furlough at half pay. Macdonough remained in Middleton for only eight months before requesting a furlough in June 1810. From 1810 to 1812, Macdonough took a leave of absence for two years as the captain of a British merchantman that was en route to India.
War of 1812
At the beginning of the War of 1812 American naval forces were very small, allowing the British to make many advances into the Great Lakes and northern New York waterways. The roles played by commanders like Oliver Hazard Perry at Lake Erie and Isaac Chauncey at Lake Ontario and Thomas Macdonough at Lake Champlain all proved vital to the naval effort on the lakes that was largely responsible for preserving American territory during that war.
Assigned to USS Constellation, as First Lieutenant, Macdonough returned to active service just prior to the outbreak of the war in June 1812. The ship at this time was being outfitted and supplied in Washington, DC, for its next mission, but was still months away from being ready. Moreover, it did not escape from the British blockade at the Chesapeake Bay until 1814.
Requesting transfer to a more active front, Macdonough was assigned the command of a squadron of gunboats defending Portland, Maine. His stay there was brief when he received new orders from Secretary of the Navy Hamilton. Macdonough was reassigned to Burlington, Vermont to command U.S. naval forces in Lake Champlain in October 1812.
Taking leave from his assignment at Lake Champlain Macdonough married Lucy Anne Shaler on December 12, 1812, at the Christ Church in Middletown by Bishop Abraham Jarvis.
On June 2, 1813, Macdonough sent Lieutenant Sidney Smith with , along with Sailing Master Loomis with , to guard against British advances at the Canada–US border at the Richelieu River. The impatient Smith sailed into British waters, an action which was contrary to his orders, and at once found himself overpowered by the British squadron. After enduring four hours of battle, Smith was finally forced into surrendering.
Lake Champlain Campaign
On July 24, 1813, Macdonough was promoted to the rank of master commandant.
When the war began in 1812, there were only two American naval vessels on Lake Champlain, and , each carrying ten guns with a crew of fifty. On June 3, 1813, the two vessels were pursuing a British gunboat but were caught up in a strong current that prevented them from maintaining their heading and position, giving the advantage to British forces, resulting in their capture. The loss of the two and only American vessels on the lake gave undisputed control of this strategic waterway to the British. This prompted Macdonough to begin the construction of the corvette and new sloop and several gunboats at the shipyard in Otter Creek at Vergennes, Vermont. While construction was underway, , a schooner, was being converted to a warship carrying seventeen guns.
In 1814 the ice covering Lake Champlain, which usually lasted well into May, began melting and breaking up early in April. Macdonough feared that the British, who he assumed by now knew of the ship construction going on there, would use the opportunity to capture or destroy the vessels being built. Having learned of Macdonough's ship building activity, the British constructed a heavily armed brig and five large gunboats at 'Isle Aux Noix' over the winter. As Macdonough had predicted, British forces attempted to navigate the lake. Because of unfavorable winds, the British commander Daniel Pring, whose forces were based at Isle Aux Noix in upper Lake Champlain, didn't complete the 65-mile journey to Otter Creek until May 14. Upon arrival, Pring situated his squadron in the lake just off Otter Creek with eight galleys and a bomb sloop, preventing the American forces' passage north and to the sea. For one hour, Commander Pring maintained a heavy fire. However, Macdonough had learned of the attack beforehand from his observers on land and had prepared a defense in anticipation of this likely event. Using the guns of his ships, he had them landed on shore at the mouth of Otter Creek. Macdonough constructed an artillery battery with which he repelled the attack and drove the Royal Navy back to Isle Aux Noix in Canadian waters by autumn. With the way now clear, Macdonough's squadron sailed out of Otter Creek and made its way to Plattsburgh, New York, where it anchored just off shore in anticipation of the next and inevitable British advance.
Battle of Plattsburgh
By late August 1814, approximately 10,000 British troops under the command of George Prevost had assembled near Montreal at the Canada–US border. Many of these soldiers were well-trained, regular troops who served under Wellington, already battle hardened from their recent defeat of Napoleon in Europe. Macdonough had little naval combat experience. His service in the Barbary wars was limited to gunboat actions and the capture and destruction of Philadelphia. He had yet to experience a ship-to-ship action, being on a vessel that was receiving broadsides, surrounded by dead and wounded men. Regardless of this lack in experience, Macdonough well understood that defending and holding Plattsburgh, thus not allowing General Macomb's troops to be surrounded by British forces on land and water, was vital to winning the war.
On September 3, Prevost's army crossed the border and marched into northern New York State, advancing on Plattsburgh. The city was held by General Macomb with less than 2,000 regular troops, with the support of the New York militia, under the command of General Mooers and the Vermont volunteers, under the command of General Strong. However, Prevost who had arrived in earnest was yet aware of enemy strength and positions and refused to march on the city itself without adequate naval support to divert the American forces. A squadron under the command of Commodore George Downie sailed southward into the open lake to engage the American fleet commanded by Macdonough. In anticipation of the British fleet, Macdonough strategically positioned and anchored his fleet a short distance off shore from Plattsburgh and made further preparations for Downie's advance.
On September 11, Downie's forces departed from Isle-aux-Noix and sailed southward along the Richelieu River into Lake Champlain. Upon encountering Macdonough's fleet waiting in Plattsburgh harbor, Downie immediately attacked, achieving the upper hand early in the battle, largely because of the great firepower of the 36-gun British flagship . As the battle unfolded, the British squadron incurred considerable damage from close-range cannon fire. In the process an American cannon shot blasted a British cannon off its mount, crushing and killing Downie. Through use of anchor and cable tactics, Macdonough in command of was able to swing his ship around the undamaged side of the British flagship, gaining firepower superiority over the British fleet. As the poorly and hurriedly equipped Confiance with its inexperienced crew attempted the same tactic, Macdonough seized the opportunity and fired a broadside, severely damaging the British vessel and forcing its surrender. Having removed the British flagship from action, the American forces captured or destroyed the remaining larger ships in the fleet.
Both commanders would have seen the parallels of Macdonough's anchorage on Lake Champlain to that of the French under Vice Admiral Francois-Paul Brueys, opposing British Rear Admiral Sir Horatio Nelson, at the Battle of the Nile in Aboukir Bay on August 1, 1798. A study of Nelson's battles was part of the professional knowledge expected of naval commanders. But Macdonough did all that Brueys did not. He expected to take advantage of the prevailing winds on Lake Champlain that constrained Downie's axis of approach. "Because nearly every circumstance that worked to Nelson's advantage proved disadvantageous to Downie, the Battle of Lake Champlain is sometimes called the False Nile" by the English. The British naval historian William Laird Clowes regarded Macdonough's False Nile victory as "a most notable feat, one which, on the whole, surpassed that of any other captain of either navy in this war." Clowes echoed Roosevelt's view, "The British sailors on the lakes were as good as our own, but no better. None of their commanders compare with Macdonough."
After the battle, Macdonough returned to the British officers their swords. Captain Pring wrote:
Upon wresting control of Lake Champlain from the British, Macdonough's victory forced the British forces to retire to Canada, the actions of which left no grounds for any claims by the British for any territory when the Ghent peace conference convened on December 24. For his success in forcing the retreat of Prevost into Canada, Macdonough was duly promoted to the rank of captain. He was also awarded the Congressional Gold Medal at this time. He was also awarded by the State of New York a thousand acres of land in Cayuga county, with another hundred acres awarded to him from the State of Vermont, making the once modest commodore a wealthy man.
Later days
Macdonough relieved Isaac Hull of command of the Portsmouth Navy Yard on July 1, 1815. In command there for three years, he returned to the Mediterranean Squadron in 1818 and was appointed commander of , a frigate of 44 guns and later transported Hon. G.W. Campbell to the Court of St. Petersburg in Russia stopping in ports in England, Elsineur and Copenhagen along the way.
In April Macdonough was stricken with tuberculosis but he still remained on duty for as long as possible. After returning to America later in the year, he was given command of a ship of the line, bearing 74 guns under construction in New York harbor. From 1818 to 1823 Macdonough served as her captain. In the fall of 1822 Macdonough toured western New York State visiting Niagara Falls and then battling the rapids sailed down the St. Lawrence River to Quebec in a batteaux
After submitting several requests for active sea duty, Macdonough received command of the 44-gun frigate in 1824. However, his health continued to worsen. On October 14, 1825, Macdonough had to relieve himself of his command. On October 14 he turned command of Constitution over to Captain Daniel T. Patterson at Gibraltar. Intending to return to New York, Macdonough departed the Mediterranean in the merchant brig . The day before his death, in the presence of Dr. Turk, Macdonough drew up and signed a will leaving a small sum of money to his servant, his wife having died several months beforehand. On November 10, 1825, Thomas Macdonough died aboard ship while it was passing Gibraltar.
Macdonough's body was returned to the United States and was buried in Middletown, Connecticut. He was laid to rest alongside his wife Ann Shaler, a lady of a prominent family in Middletown, she having died just a few months earlier.
Legacy
Several U.S. Navy ships have been named in his honor.
In 1937, at the urging of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the U.S. Post Office issued a series of five postage stamps honoring the U.S. Navy and various naval heroes in American history. Stephen Decatur and Thomas Macdonough (right) appearing on the two-cent denomination, were among the few chosen to appear in this commemorative series.
The annual Commodore Macdonough sailboat race (a nonstop overnight event sponsored by the Lake Champlain Yacht Club of Shelburne, Vermont) has been held on the lake every September since 1968.
The New York State University of New York located at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, N.Y. has a dormitory with the name Macdonough Hall; the hall being the oldest dormitory, and the initial dorm building.
McDonough, NY and East McDonough, NY, and the greater Town of McDonough, Chenango County, NY are named after the war hero.
Macdonough Hall, at the United States Naval Academy, is home to the boxing, sprint football, water polo, and gymnastics programs, as well as housing a gymnasium, racquetball courts, a swimming pool, and recreational weight rooms for Midshipmen.
There is a obelisk that is located across from City Hall in Plattsburgh, N.Y. known as the Macdonough Monument which honors the victory of American soldiers and sailors in the Battle of Plattsburgh.
In 1925, a Macdonough Monument was erected in the city green in Vergennes, Vermont to commemorate the building of the USS Saratoga and other ships at Otter Creek that were used in the Battle of Plattsburgh.
Camano Island (formerly known as Macdonough Island), Washington. Charles Wilkes, during the Wilkes Expedition of 1838–1842, named the island in honor of Macdonough in tribute to his victory at the Battle of Plattsburgh (aka Battle of Lake Champlain) that ended the War of 1812.
McDonough County, Illinois is named after Thomas Macdonough, its seat being Macomb.
Two elementary schools, one in St. Georges, Delaware and one in Middletown, Connecticut are named in honor of Macdonough.
MacDonough Street in the Stuyvesant Heights section of Brooklyn, New York is named after Thomas Macdonough. MacDonough Street runs parallel to Decatur Street, one block away, named after Stephen Decatur, with whom Macdonough served during the Barbary War.
McDonough, the county seat of Henry County, Georgia, is named in honor of Macdonough.
McDonough Street in Montgomery, Alabama is named for Macdonough. It runs parallel to streets named after other Barbary War/War of 1812 naval Heroes: Bainbridge Street, named for William Bainbridge; Decatur Street, named for Stephen Decatur; Hull Street, named for Isaac Hull; Lawrence Street, named for James Lawrence and Perry Street, named for Oliver Hazard Perry.
The Comdr. Thomas MacDonough House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
In October 1814 a fort was constructed on Westport Island, Maine near Clough Point and named after Thomas MacDonough (McDonough) the fort was actiive till the end of the war of 1812.
See also
Other notable naval commanders of the time : John Paul Jones Commodore John Barry Commodore Stephen Decatur Commodore John Hazelwood Admiral David Farragut Admiral Richard Howe Admiral Horatio Nelson
Bibliography of early American naval history: Thomas Macdonough
Bibliography of early American naval history: War of 1812
List of sailing frigates of the United States Navy
History of the United States Navy
Naval tactics in the Age of Sail
Naval artillery in the Age of Sail
References
Bibliography
Further reading
Dean, Leon W. Guns over Champlain (1948) – New York
Forester, C. S. Victory on Lake Champlain, American Heritage, Vol. 15, 1963.
Muller, Charles G. The Proudest Day: Victory on Lake Champlain, New York, 1960.
External links
Commodore Thomas Macdonough - Delmarva Heritage Series
1783 births
1825 deaths
People from New Castle County, Delaware
American people of Irish descent
American military personnel of the First Barbary War
United States Navy personnel of the War of 1812
American military personnel of the Quasi-War
Congressional Gold Medal recipients
19th-century American naval officers
People who died at sea
Commanders of the USS Constitution |
5380065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirarin%20Revolution | Kirarin Revolution | is a Japanese manga series by An Nakahara. The series ran in the shōjo manga magazine Ciao from March 2004 to June 2009, with side stories running in Pucchigumi in 2006. The manga sold a cumulative total of over 10 million copies and was awarded Best Children's Manga at the 2006 Shogakukan Manga Awards.
An anime adaptation premiered on April 7, 2006 in Japan on TV Tokyo and ran for 102 episodes until March 28, 2008. A second season with the subtitle aired from April 8, 2008 to March 27, 2009 in high-definition and 3D animation. The anime series stars Morning Musume member Koharu Kusumi, and during the show's run, she released music and made appearances at concerts and crossover television shows as the character. Starting with Kirarin Revolution Stage 3, additional cast members joined her in music activities, such as MilkyWay and Ships.
Plot
Kirari Tsukishima, a 14-year-old beauty, does not care about idols and the entertainment world because her mind is occupied by food. One day, after saving a turtle stranded in a tree, Kirari meets a boy named Seiji, who gives her a ticket to a concert to show his gratitude for her saving his pet. However, when Kirari shows up at the concert, another boy named Hiroto, tears up her ticket and warns her to stay away from Seiji, because they both live in different worlds. Kirari learns that Seiji and Hiroto are members of the idol group Ships. Finally understanding the meaning of "different worlds", Kirari refuses to give up pursuing Seiji and declares that she will also become an idol. However, being an idol requires tons of training and talent. Faced with rivals and scandals, Kirari is determined to come out as a top idol.
Characters
Main characters
Kirari is a beautiful 14-year-old girl who strives to be an idol to become closer to Seiji. She has a huge appetite for food. Despite her shortcomings and lack of talents, she manages to persevere as a result of the help she receives from her friends and her unwavering resilience. As time passes and she spends time with Hiroto, she begins to fall in love with him instead.
Na-san is Kirari's cat who acts competent and intelligent. He provides a lot of help to Kirari and protects her from danger.
Hiroto is a member of boy band Ships. Hiroto acts honest and strict towards Kirari. Despite how he treats her, he falls in love with her. Although he supports Kirari's feelings for Seiji throughout the series, he often worries about her when she faces difficult situations and is usually the one who helps her out.
Seiji is a member of boy band Ships. He is gentle and air-headed, and Kirari compares him to a prince. He has a pet turtle named .
Stage 3 characters
Noel is an original character created for the anime and part of the idol unit MilkyWay. She is an athletic girl who loves playing sports. She is in love with her childhood friend, Cloudy. She owns a pet cat named , who used to be the leader of a gang in his cat town and joins Mi-chan and Na-san in their own idol unit, Triangle.
Kobeni is an original character created for the anime and part of the idol unit MilkyWay. Kobeni is usually seen with a crystal ball. She owns a pet cat named , who used to live in luxury and joins Ni-kun and Na-san in their own idol unit, Triangle.
Recurring characters
Arashi is Kirari's childhood friend and an illusionist who moved to Osaka when they were six. He tries to get Kirari to quit the entertainment world so that she will fulfill their childhood promise of being his wife. He owns a pet cat named , who is Na-san's brother.
Erina is an idol who belongs to the same company as Kirari, yet views her Kirari as a rival and manipulates others in order to interfere with Kirari's progress. She attends the same school as Kirari, and formerly held the position of princess in her class' popularity ranks before Kirari transferred. She has a pet dog named .
Fubuki is a former model who transitioned into being an idol. She first dismisses Kirari, but she later regards her as a worthy friend and rival. Because Fubuki comes from a wealthy family and has experienced fame since childhood, she is viewed as spoiled and confidant. She owns a pet cat named , who is Na-san and Na-yan's brother, and a pet chick named , who has great physical strength.
/
Izumi is an idol working in the same company as Fubuki and views Kirari a rival for Hiroto's feelings, manipulating staff members and the media in order to keep Kirari away from him. Izumi's identity is revealed as Hiroto's childhood friend, Hyotaro, who had become an idol disguised as a girl after they had both promised each other to become idols as children. He owns a pet cat named , who wears glasses and has a crush on Na-san.
Cloudy is a new idol working for the Higashiyama Company. He flirts with Kirari as part of the company's orders to sabotage Kirari's career, but he soon falls in love with her for real and eventually quits his company. He apologizes Kirari for sabotaging her so much to the point where she couldn't take it. He also says that he will return to someone's fan and support Kirari as an idol. His real name is .
Aoi is an original character created for the anime. Dubbed the "idol queen", she is a popular idol. She acts very kind and helpful, and is Nojo's 15th top idol winner. Aoi graduates from being an idol and travels around the world pursuing a new career in music, but she and Kirari remain good friends.
Hikaru is an original character created for the anime. She is an idol trainee who Kirari mentors and forms the idol unit Kira Pika with her. At first, she acts rude towards Kirari, considering her as some sort of fool. However, she starts to respect her as she teaches her important lessons and helps her out whenever she struggles. The two eventually become close friends and Hikaru thanks Kirari for all her help at last. Afterwards, Hikaru continues her career as a solo singer after their last concert as Kira Pika ends.
Family members
Takashi is Kirari's doting father who brought up Kirari by himself. Although he is an easygoing person, he initially opposes the idea of Kirari becoming an idol, but he begins to support her after seeing how serious she is about her career.
Subaru is Kirari's brother who resides in America with the hope of having his own idol debut and currently studies acting in New York. He owns a pet cat named , who he found at Fifth Avenue.
Kirari's grandmother is an original character created for the anime. She encourages Kirari to be an idol since she is a secret fan of Ships, particularly Hiroto.
/
Luna is an original character created for the anime. She is Kirari's mother and a famous actress under the stage name . She asks Kirari to go to Hollywood with her but Kirari refuses and decides to remain in Japan, continuing to be an idol.
Managers and producers
Muranishi is the chairman of the company that Kirari and Ships belong to. He recognizes the potential that Kirari possesses and makes a lot of arrangements before and after she becomes an idol. He owns a pet mouse named , who is the director of the company and chooses the idols' jobs.
Kumoi is an original character created for the anime, but she appeared in the manga beginning in volume 9. She is Kirari's manager and was previously an idol under the name . Although externally a serious and humorless person, she is actually pleased by Kirari's willingness to do her best in every situation.
Shakujii is Erina's subservient manager, who tries to fulfill Erina's every request.
Mr. Kama is an original character created for the anime. He is Kirari and Ships' songwriter.
Higashiyama is the chairman of the Higanshiyama Company with a crush on Muranishi. Originally, she attempts to sabotage Kirari's career, but after her best stars quit and Muranishi gets upset, she concentrates on making top quality stars instead. She owns a pet alligator named .
Media
Manga
Kirarin Revolution was serialized in the monthly magazine Ciao from the March 2004 issue to the June 2009 issue. The chapters were later released in bound volumes by Shogakukan under the "Ciao Comics" imprint. A total of 14 volumes have been released. Originally, Nakahara planned Kirari's name to be "Konomi Hazuki" and Hiroto's last name to be "Tsukishima."
Anime
Kirarin Revolution was adapted into an anime series by SynergySP and G&G Entertainment in 2006. It aired on TV Tokyo from April 7, 2006 to March 27, 2008 for a total of 102 episodes. Koharu Kusumi from Morning Musume was cast as Kirari. Kusumi also performed the opening and ending theme songs, as well as releasing music under Kirari Tsukishima's name. Kusumi noted in her autobiography, 17-sai no Tenshoku, that the anime was originally supposed to last for one year, but due to the success of the show, it was renewed for two more broadcast years.
After the show's third renewal, Kirarin Revolution broadcast its second season with the subtitle Kirarin Revolution Stage 3. The show aired on TV Tokyo from April 8, 2008 to March 27, 2009, for a total of 51 episodes. It was animated by SynergySP and SimImage in 3D animation and HD format. Noel Yukino and Kobeni Hanasaki, new original characters played by Sayaka Kitahara and You Kikkawa from Hello Pro Egg, were added to the main cast. Takuya Ide and Shikou Kanai were cast as the new actors for Ships members Hiroto and Seiji.
In addition to providing the voice to Kirari, Kusumi made crossover appearances at concerts and television shows as her character, including being a recurring guest on Haromoni and Oha Suta, which made her one of the pioneers of the "idol voice actor" crossover beginning in the late 2000s. For the summer of 2007, Mai Hagiwara from Cute was cast as an anime-original character, Hikaru Mizuki, and became part of an anime-original idol subunit Kira Pika with Kusumi for a short story arc, releasing music and making in-character appearances on other television shows on TV Tokyo. During Kirarin Revolution Stage 3'''s run, the show's new format launched a singing career for new cast and allowed crossover appearances on other television shows as their characters. On April 4, 2008, Ide and Kanai appeared on Oha Suta as their characters for the first time and also had their own in-character segment on the show on Thursdays from April 10, 2008 to May 4, 2009.
In 2007, Viz Media Europe licensed the anime for European release under the title Kilari!Live-action TV series
Short live-action drama episodes were aired on Oha Suta, with small segments aired over several days. The cast from the anime series reprised their roles.
Video games
Several video games produced by Konami were released for the Nintendo DS during the show's run. All six games sold a cumulative total of 650,000 copies.
Trading card game
Atlus released a set of trading cards for the series that were compatible with the Kirarin Revolution arcade games available from November 28, 2006 to July 2009. The first set was titled . The second, released in 2008, was titled . Along with Takara Tomy's paper doll Millefeui Cards, the Kuru Kira Idol Days cards sold a combined total of 50 million pieces.
ReceptionKirarin Revolution has sold a cumulative total of over 10 million physical copies. It won the 2006 Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga.Oricon notes that while actors releasing music as their characters have been notable, Kusumi portraying Kirari Tsukishima in voice and in a real-world context pioneered the "idol voice actor" crossover beginning in the late 2000s, along with Aya Hirano from the Haruhi Suzumiya series. Parallels have been drawn between Kusumi and Kirari, citing their similarities in age, career, and process of becoming an idol, which led Kusumi to be closely associated with the character. In the week of December 24–30, 2007, the Kirarin Revolution anime series had an average viewership rating of 2.6%. Kusumi was named #17 in Daitan Map's "Top 50 Voice Actors of Popular Characters" in 2007 for her role as Kirari.
On his review of the first volume, Carlo Santos from Anime News Network highlighted the focus on friendship, the story's light-hearted tone, and clean artwork as attractive to young readers; at the same time, Santos mentions the story presents a wish fulfillment fantasy and advises critics of the idol industry to "avoid the series entirely." Kirarin Revolution was ranked #6 on Anime News Network'''s list of "6 Idols that Fandom Forgot", with Lynzee Loveridge stating that despite the series' long run, it failed to attract an audience outside of its target demographic and was quickly forgotten after its end.
Notes
References
External links
Kirarin Revolution Official web site - Japan
TV Tokyo Kirarin Revolution Official Homepage - Japan
Konami's Kirarin Revolution-Nintendo DS games Official Website - Japan
2004 manga
Animated musical groups
Children's manga
2006 anime television series debuts
Japanese children's animated comedy television series
Japanese idols in anime and manga
Romantic comedy anime and manga
Shogakukan manga
Shōjo manga
TV Tokyo original programming
TVB
Video games featuring female protagonists
Viz Media anime
Winners of the Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga
Animated television series about teenagers
Magical girl anime and manga |
5380067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/81%20mm%20mortar | 81 mm mortar | An 81 mm mortar is a medium-weight mortar. It is a smooth-bore, muzzle-loading, high-angle-of-fire weapon used for long-range indirect fire support to light infantry, air assault, and airborne units across the entire front of a battalion zone of influence.
Many countries use or used an 81 mm mortar in their armed forces. Examples are:
Finland – 81 KRH 71 Y
France – Brandt Mle 27/31
Germany – Granatwerfer 34
Greece – E44-E 81 mm Mortar
Italy – Mortaio da 81/14 Modello 35
Myanmar – BA-90 and MA-8
United Kingdom – L16 81mm mortar
United States – M252 mortar
Turkey – MKE 81mm UT1 & MKE 81mm NT1
Warsaw Pact countries and China use a similar 82 mm caliber for the same purpose.
References
See also
:Category:81mm mortars
:Category:82 mm artillery
Infantry mortars |
5380074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadiwal | Shadiwal | Shadiwal () is a village in the district of Gujrat, Pakistan. It is situated between the rivers Chenab and Jhelum. It was a small village at the end of last century but is now a developed town with a town committee. The development of Shadiwal began with the construction of a power plant on the upper Jhelum canal during the 1960s
References
Villages in Gujrat District |
5380090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juke%20Boy%20Bonner | Juke Boy Bonner | Weldon H. Philip Bonner, better known as Juke Boy Bonner (March 22, 1932 – June 29, 1978) was an American blues singer, harmonica player, and guitarist. He was influenced by Lightnin' Hopkins, Jimmy Reed, and Slim Harpo. He accompanied himself on guitar, harmonica, and drums in songs such as "Going Back to the Country", "Life Is a Nightmare", and "Struggle Here in Houston".
Career
Born in Bellville, Texas, Bonner was one of nine children; his parents died when he was very young. Raised by a neighbor's family, he moved in with his older sister in 1945. At the age of twelve he taught himself to play the guitar. He gained the nickname "Juke Boy" as a youth, because he frequently sang in local juke joints. Starting a musical career as teenager, he won the first prize at local disc jockey Trummie Cain's weekly talent show at the Lincoln Theater in Houston, Texas in 1948. Through this he secured a 15-minute radio slot on a show operated by the record retailer Henry Atlas. After having three children with his wife, she left him to look after the children by himself.
Between 1954 and 1957, he recorded several singles for the Irma record label, based in Oakland, California, but not all were released at the time. In 1960 he recorded again, for Goldband Records, Storyville Records, and Jan & Dill Records.
In 1963 Bonner was diagnosed with a large stomach ulcer, and almost half of his stomach was removed by surgery. The shock of the operation, plus the social climate of the times (which included civil rights riots and the assassination of President John F. Kennedy), led Bonner to begin writing poetry, some of which was published in the Houston Forward Times, a weekly newspaper. Recovering from surgery, Bonner worked as an RCA record distributor in Houston. Once his strength returned he began playing gigs again in that area.
In 1967, Bonner recorded his first album for the Flyright Records. Chris Strachwitz's Arhoolie label released two albums, I'm Going Back to the Country (1968) and The Struggle (1969) (Arhoolie would later issue some of Bonner's unreleased 1967–1974 recordings on Ghetto Poet, in 2003). Bonner recorded mostly original song material through his recording career. He was a guest at the Ann Arbor Blues Festival, the American Folk Blues Festival, and the Montreux Blues and Rock Festival. He toured Europe in 1969 with Clifton Chenier and Magic Sam.
In 1972, he released an LP for Sonet Records, and in 1975 another one for the Houston-based Home Cooking Records. However, he was not able to support himself from his music, because of a lack of demand for his work. He continued to perform and record sporadically, but he had no choice but to take a minimum wage job at a chicken-processing plant in Houston.
Death
Bonner's last performance was at a Juneteenth festival at Houston's Miller Outdoor Theatre. Less than two weeks later, on June 29, 1978, he died in his apartment, aged forty-six, of cirrhosis of the liver.
Discography
Studio albums
The One Man Trio (Flyright, 1967)
I'm Going Back to the Country (Arhoolie, 1968)
The Struggle (Arhoolie, 1969)
Things Ain't Right (Liberty, 1969)
The Legacy of the Blues, vol. 5 (Sonet, 1976)
Live album
Last Live Recording (Juneteenth Blues Festival 1978) (Lunar, 1981)
Compilations
The Adventures of Juke Boy Bonner in AuthentiCity (Home Cooking, 1980)
The Texas Blues Troubadour (Home Cooking, 1989)
They Call Me "Juke Boy" (Ace, 1989)
Juke Boy Bonner 1960–1967 (Flyright, 1991)
Life Gave Me a Dirty Deal (Arhoolie, 1993)
Jumpin' with Juke Boy (Collectables, 1993)
I Live Where the Action Is (Rockin' Blues, 1997)
Ghetto Poet (Arhoolie, 2003)
Nowhere to Run (Blues Factory, 2004)
See also
List of Texas blues musicians
List of West Coast blues musicians
List of electric blues musicians
References
External links
Illustrated Juke Boy Bonner discography
[ Bonner biography] at Allmusic website
Arhoolie Records discography
Sources
Sheldon Harris. Blues Who's Who
Strachwitz, Chris & Skoog, Larry. (1968, 1992). Life Gave Me A Dirty Deal Audio CD (Liner notes). Arhoolie CD375.
1932 births
1978 deaths
Deaths from cirrhosis
20th-century African-American male singers
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
American blues singers
Songwriters from Texas
Electric blues musicians
Texas blues musicians
West Coast blues musicians
20th-century American guitarists
Guitarists from Texas
Arhoolie Records artists
African-American songwriters
African-American guitarists
American male songwriters |
5380115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20coverage%20of%20Hurricane%20Katrina | Media coverage of Hurricane Katrina | Many representatives of the news media reporting on the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina became directly involved in the unfolding events, instead of simply reporting. Due to the loss of most means of communication, such as land-based and cellular telephone systems, field reporters in many cases became conduits for information between victims and authorities.
Media involvement
Several reporters for various news agencies located groups of stranded victims, and reported their location via satellite uplink. Authorities, who monitored the network news broadcasts, would then attempt to coordinate rescue efforts based on the news reports. This was best illustrated when Shepard Smith and Geraldo Rivera of Fox News, among others, reported thousands of people stranded at the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center. Rivera tearfully pleaded for authorities to either send help or let the people leave. Geraldo Rivera went so far as to compare the convention center to Willowbrook State School.
Many journalists also contributed to the spread of false rumors of lawlessness among the victims, which many have been interpreted as an instance of yellow journalism. Many news organizations carried the unsubstantiated accounts that murder and rape were widespread, and in some cases later repeated the claims as fact, without attribution. However, only one actual report of a raping occurred during the uproar. A few of the reports of rape and violence were based on statements made by New Orleans city officials, including the Chief of Police. Many officials later claimed these rumors often impeded the relief and rescue efforts.
For some, the hurricane was a career-defining event. For example, Vanity Fair qualified Brian Williams' (of NBC) work regarding Katrina as “Murrow-worthy” and reported that during the hurricane he became “a nation’s anchor.” The New York Times characterised William's reporting of the hurricane as “a defining moment.”[20] Later, questions were raised about this reporting by the Times-Picayune of New Orleans.
Some issues of racial bias in media coverage began to surface as Caucasian flood victims were portrayed in one Agence France-Presse photo as "finding" supplies, while a black person was described in an Associated Press photo as "looting" supplies. The photographers later clarified the two stories, one claiming he witnessed the black person looting a flooded store, while the other photographer described the white people as finding the food floating in floodwaters. The image was widely reused on the internet in various modified forms, and was known as "Lootie". This was also criticized as an example of pervasive racism.
Media reporting also included coverage of political and religious leaders who suggested that the hurricane which killed 1,836 people was sent as a divine retribution for the sins of New Orleans, or of the South, or for the United States as a whole.
The news media, both traditional and Internet, also played a role in helping families locate missing loved ones. Many family members, unable to contact local authorities in the affected areas, discovered the fate of a loved one via an online photo or television video clip. In one instance, a family in Clearwater, Florida discovered their mother was still alive in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi after seeing a photo of her on TampaBayStart.com, a regional news site.
The storm also brought a dramatic rise in the role of Internet sites—especially blogging and community journalism. One example was the effort of NOLA.com, the web affiliate of New Orleans' Times-Picayune, which was awarded the Breaking News Pulitzer Prize, and shared the Public Service Pulitzer with the Biloxi-based Sun Herald. The newspaper's coverage was carried for days only on NOLA's blogs, as the newspaper lost its presses and evacuated its building as water rose around it on August 30. The site became an international focal point for news by local media, and also became a vital link for rescue operations and later for reuniting scattered residents, as it accepted and posted thousands of individual pleas for rescue on its blogs and forums. NOLA was monitored constantly by an array of rescue teams—from individuals to the Coast Guard—which used information in rescue efforts. Much of this information was relayed from trapped victims via the SMS functions of their cell phones, to friends and relatives outside the area, who then relayed the information back to NOLA.com. The aggregation of community journalism, user photos and the use of the internet site as a collaborative response to the storm attracted international attention, and was called a watershed moment in journalism. In the wake of these online-only efforts, the Pulitzer Committee for the first time opened all its categories to online entries.
Restrictions on the media
As the U.S. military and rescue services regained control over the city, there were restrictions on the activity of the media.
On September 9, Lt. Gen. Russel L. Honoré, the military leader of the relief effort, announced that reporters would have "zero access" to efforts to recover bodies in New Orleans. Journalist Brian Williams also reported that in the process of blocking journalists, police even went so far as to threaten reporters with a weapon. However, at refugee centers such as the Houston Astrodome, press activity was extensive. Immediately following the government decision, CNN filed a lawsuit and obtained a temporary restraining order against the federal ban. The next day, spokesperson Col. Christian E. deGraff announced that the government would no longer attempt to bar media access to the victim recovery efforts.
On September 7, KATU journalist Brian Barker reported that his team was threatened with automatic weapons by U.S. Marshals until they were identified by Brig. Gen. Doug Pritt, commander of the 41st Brigade Combat Team of Oregon, the unit they were embedded with. Subsequently, his team taped the letters "TV" on the side of their vehicles in accordance with standard practice in war zones.
Toronto Star staff photojournalist Lucas Oleniuk was thrown to the ground by police in the French Quarter after taking several photographs, including pictures of a firefight between looters and police and the subsequent alleged beating of a looter by the police. The police attempted to take all of his equipment, however he convinced them to just take his camera's memory cards. In a separate incident, freelance photojournalist Marko Georgiev took photos of a body presumably shot and killed by the police. Police then pointed their weapons at the car and ordered the journalists out. They proceeded to search the car and confiscated one of Georgiev's memory cards.
References
External links
transcript of CNN v. Michael Brown suit filed against Federal Emergency Management Agency director Michael D. Brown challenging policy to keep journalists from areas where recovery of the dead was going on.
Archive of newspaper front page images from 8/30/2005, 8/31/2005, 9/1/2005, 9/2/2005, 9/3/2005, and 9/4/2005 from the Newseum.
Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Katrina
2005 in mass media
Katrina media coverage |
5380118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Sackville | Tom Sackville | Thomas or Tom Geoffrey Sackville (born 26 October 1950) is a British Conservative politician and anti-cultist.
Family and early life
Sackville is the second son of William Sackville, 10th Earl De La Warr (died February 1988) and Anne Rachel Devas, and his brother is William Herbrand Sackville, the 11th Earl De La Warr.
In 1979, he married Catherine Thérèsa Windsor-Lewis, daughter of Brigadier James Charles Windsor-Lewis. They have two children, Arthur Michael Sackville (born 1983) and Savannah Elizabeth Sackville (born 1986), both adopted.
He was educated at Eton College and Lincoln College, Oxford, and he began his professional career in merchant banking.
Parliamentary career
Sackville first ran for Parliament in the constituency of Pontypool in the 1979 election, being beaten by Labour's Leo Abse.
He served as a Conservative Member of Parliament for Bolton West from the 1983 election until he was defeated by Ruth Kelly in the 1997 election. He held the office of Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State between 1992 and 1997, initially for the Department of Health, then as a Home Office minister between 1995 and 1997.
Anti-cult activities
In 1985 he started All-Party Committee Against Cults and 20 October 2000 he became first chairman of The Family Survival Trust (formerly Family, Action, Information, Rescue/Resource or FAIR), an anti-cult organisation.
In 1997 he ended government funding for the independent research group Information Network Focus on Religious Movements (INFORM), created by sociologist Eileen Barker. Funds were reinstated in 2000. In his article for The Spectator (2004) he accused INFORM and its president Eileen Barker of "refusing to criticise the worst excesses of cult leaders", and congratulated the Archbishop of Canterbury for declining to become a patron of INFORM. The allegations were described by INFORM as unfounded.
In 2005 he was elected as vice-president of European Federation of Centres of Research and Information on Sectarianism (FECRIS), an umbrella organization for anti-cult groups in Europe, and from 2009 he has served as its president.
Sackville is the current CEO of the International Federation of Health Plans. He is also the current chairman of the trustees of the Family Survival Trust.
See also
Family Survival Trust
FECRIS
References
External links
1950 births
Living people
Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
People educated at Eton College
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
Younger sons of earls
Critics of new religious movements
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Bolton West |
5380127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan%20Women%27s%20Network | Afghan Women's Network | The Afghan Women's Network (AWN) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) which was created in 1996 by Afghan women following the World Conference on Women in Beijing and works to "empower women and ensure their equal participation in Afghan society."
About
The AWN sustains the vision of an Afghanistan in which women & men live in a justice and discrimination free society. AWN's axis of focus are:
Women, peace and security
Women's political participation and leadership
Women's social and legal protection
The AWN acts as a foundation supporting other women's rights-oriented NGO in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The AWN receives funding from donor agencies such as the French Embassy, ActionAid, UNHCR, and Roland Berger Foundation. It operates from Kabul, Heart, Balkh, Kandahar, Bamyan, Paktia, Nangarhar, and Kunduz, ... It has more than 3,500 individual members (exclusively women) and 125 women's organizations with memberships.
Executive board members have included Manizha Wafeq and the current executive director is Hassina Safi.
History
The Afghan Women's Network was established in 1995. Women who had participated in the United Nation Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China decided that they wanted to create a network for Afghan women.
In 2013, The AWN played an active role in the curation of the exhibit Women Between Peace and War: Afghanistan by Leslie Thomas from ArtWORKS Projects for Human Rights.
In March 2014, the AWN launched the Afghan Women Vision 2024, the ONG's official newspaper supported by the Heinrich Boell Foundation. In 2014, the ONG stated that 150 honor killings affected Afghan women each year. Upon the progressive withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan, the AWN brought its focus on maintaining the women's rights benefits gained during the presence of the US troops.
In February 2015, the AWN took part to the marches asking the president Ashraf Ghani to respect his word and name 4 women ministries in his government for fair gender representation. In 2016, the ONG spoke out about the revival of public executions of women in Afghanistan following the new peak of influence from the Talibans.
See also
Jamila Afghani
Farida Azizi
Taliban treatment of women
Asila Wardak
Reference List
External links
Official website
Women's organisations based in Afghanistan
Organizations established in 1996
1996 establishments in Afghanistan |
5380129 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derveni%20papyrus | Derveni papyrus | The Derveni papyrus is an ancient Macedonian papyrus roll that was found in 1962. It is a philosophical treatise that is an allegorical commentary on an Orphic poem, a theogony concerning the birth of the gods, produced in the circle of the philosopher Anaxagoras. The roll dates to around 340 BC, during the reign of Philip II of Macedon, making it Europe's oldest surviving manuscript. The poem itself was composed near the end of the 5th century BC, and "in the fields of Greek religion, the sophistic movement, early philosophy, and the origins of literary criticism it is unquestionably the most important textual discovery of the 20th century."<ref>Richard Janko, "The Derveni Papyrus: An Interim Text", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 141 (2002), p. 1</ref> While interim editions and translations were published over the subsequent years, the manuscript as a whole was finally published in 2006.
Discovery
The roll was found on 15 January 1962 at a site in Derveni, Macedonia, northern Greece, on the road from Thessaloniki to Kavala. The site is a nobleman's grave in a necropolis that was part of a rich cemetery belonging to the ancient city of Lete. It is the oldest surviving manuscript in the Western tradition, the only known ancient papyrus found in Greece proper, and possibly the oldest surviving papyrus written in Greek regardless of provenance. The archaeologists Petros Themelis and Maria Siganidou recovered the top parts of the charred papyrus scroll and fragments from ashes atop the slabs of the tomb; the bottom parts had burned away in the funeral pyre. The scroll was carefully unrolled and the fragments joined together, thus forming 26 columns of text. It survived in the humid Greek soil, which is unfavorable to the conservation of papyri, because it was carbonized (hence dried) in the nobleman's funeral pyre. However, this has made it extremely difficult to read, since the ink is black and the background is black too; in addition, it survives in the form of 266 fragments, which are conserved under glass in descending order of size, and has had to be painstakingly reconstructed. Many smaller fragments are still not placed. The papyrus is kept in the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki.
Content
The main part of the text is a commentary on a hexameter poem ascribed to Orpheus, which was used in the mystery cult of Dionysus by the 'Orphic initiators'. Fragments of the poem are quoted, followed by interpretations by the main author of the text, who tries to show that the poem does not mean what it literally says. The poem begins with the words "Close the doors, you uninitiated", a famous admonition to secrecy, also quoted by Plato. The interpreter claims that this shows that Orpheus wrote his poem as an allegory. The theogony described in the poem has Nyx (Night) give birth to Uranus (Sky), who becomes the first king. Cronus follows and takes the kingship from Uranus, but he is likewise succeeded by Zeus, whose power over the whole universe is celebrated. Zeus gains his power by hearing oracles from the sanctuary of Nyx, who tells him "all the oracles which afterwards he was to put into effect." At the end of the text, Zeus rapes his mother Rhea, which, in the Orphic theogony, will lead to the birth of Demeter. Zeus would then have raped Demeter, who would have given birth to Persephone, who marries Dionysus. However, this part of the story must have continued in a second roll which is now lost.
The interpreter of the poem argues that Orpheus did not intend any of these stories in a literal sense, but they are allegorical in nature.
The first surviving columns of the text are less well preserved, but talk about occult ritual practices, including sacrifices to the Erinyes (Furies), how to remove daimones that become a problem, and the beliefs of the magi. They include a quotation of the philosopher Heraclitus. Their reconstruction is extremely controversial, since even the order of fragments is disputed. Two different reconstructions have recently been offered, that by Valeria Piano and that by Richard Janko, who notes elsewhere that he has found that these columns also include a quotation of the philosopher Parmenides.
Recent reading
The text was not officially published for forty-four years after its discovery (though three partial editions were published). A team of experts was assembled in autumn 2005 led by A. L. Pierris of the Institute for Philosophical studies and Dirk Obbink, director of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri project at the University of Oxford, with the help of modern multispectral imaging techniques by Roger MacFarlane and Gene Ware of Brigham Young University to attempt a better approach to the edition of a difficult text. However, nothing appears to have been published as a result of that initiative, and the photographs are not available to scholars or the Museum. Meanwhile, the papyrus was finally published by a team of scholars from Thessaloniki (Tsantsanoglou et al., below), which provides a complete text of the papyrus based on autopsy of the fragments, with photographs and translation. More work clearly remained to be done (see Janko 2006, below). Subsequent progress has been made in reading the papyrus by Valeria Piano and Richard Janko, who has developed a new method for taking digital microphotographs of the papyrus, which permits some of its most difficult passages to be read for the first time. Examples of these images are now published. A version of Janko's new text is available in the recent edition by Mirjam Kotwick, and a new edition in English is in preparation. A complete digital edition of the papyrus using the new technique is a major desideratum.
Style of writing
The text of the papyrus contains a mix of dialects. It is mainly a mixture of Attic and Ionic Greek; however it contains a few Doric forms. Sometimes the same word appears in different dialectal forms e.g. cμικρό-, μικρό; ὄντα, ἐόντα; νιν for μιν etc.
Oldest 'book' of Europe – UNESCO Memory of The World Register
On 12 December 2015, the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki held the official event to celebrate the registration of the Derveni Papyrus in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register.
According to UNESCO
The Derveni Papyrus is of immense importance not only for the study of Greek religion and philosophy, which is the basis for the western philosophical thought, but also because it serves as a proof of the early dating of the Orphic poems offering a distinctive version of Presocratic philosophers. The text of the Papyrus, which is the first book of western tradition, has a global significance, since it reflects universal human values: the need to explain the world, the desire to belong to a human society with known rules and the agony to confront the end of life.
References
Further reading
Marco Antonio Santamaría Álvarez (ed.) 2018, The Derveni Papyrus. Unearthing Ancient Mysteries, Brill, series: Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava, vol. 36,
A. Bernabé, "The Derveni theogony: many questions and some answers", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 103, 2007, 99-133.
Gábor Betegh, 2004. The Derveni Papyrus: Cosmology, Theology and Interpretation (Cambridge University Press). A preliminary reading, critical edition and translation. . ()
Richard Janko's Review of Betegh 2004
Richard Janko. "The Physicist as Hierophant: Aristophanes, Socrates and the Authorship of the Derveni Papyrus," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 118, 1997, pp. 61–94.
R. Janko, "The Derveni Papyrus (Diagoras of Melos, Apopyrgizontes Logoi?): a New Translation," Classical Philology 96, 2001, pp. 1–32.
R. Janko, downloadable Interim Text of The Derveni Papyrus Derveni Papyrus Interim Text by Janko
R. Janko, "The Derveni Papyrus: An Interim Text," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 141, 2002, pp. 1–62.
A. Laks, "Between Religion and Philosophy: The Function of Allegory in the Derveni Papyrus", Phronesis 42, 1997, pp. 121–142.
A. Laks, G.W. Most (editors), 1997. Studies on the Derveni Papyrus (Oxford University Press). (books.google.)
G.W. Most, "The Fire Next Time. Cosmology, Allegories, and Salvation in the Derveni Papyrus", Journal of Hellenic Studies 117, 1997, pp. 117–135.
Io. Papadopoulou and L. Muellner (editors), Washington D.C. 2014. Poetry as Initiation: The Center for Hellenic Studies Symposium on the Derveni Papyrus (Hellenic Studies Series).
K. Tsantsanoglou, G.M. Parássoglou, T. Kouremenos (editors), 2006. The Derveni Papyrus (Leo. S. Olschki Editore, Florence [series Studi e testi per il Corpus dei papiri filosofici greci e latini, vol. 13]). .
V. Piano (editor), 2016. Il Papiro di Derveni tra religione e filosofia (Leo. S. Olschki Editore, Florence [series Studi e testi per il Corpus dei papiri filosofici greci e latini, vol. 18]). .
V. Piano, "P.Derveni III-VI: una riconsiderazione del testo", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 197, 2016, pp. 5–16.
Richard Janko's Review of Tsantsanoglou, Parássoglou, & Kouremenos 2006;Tsantsanoglou, Parássoglou, & Kouremenos' Response to Janko; Janko's Response.
External links
The Derveni papyrus at The iMouseion Project
"The Derveni Papyrus - A conversation with Richard Janko", Ideas Roadshow'', 2013
Greek manuscripts
Ancient Greek works
Greek religion texts
Religion in ancient Macedonia
Philip II of Macedon
Greek-language papyri
Orpheus
Papyrology
Archaeological discoveries in Greece
Memory of the World Register
1962 archaeological discoveries
Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki |
5380134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine%20Robbers | Pine Robbers | "Pine Robbers" were loosely organized, criminal, gangs and marauders who were British sympathizers and Loyalists during the American Revolutionary War and used the Pine Barrens of New Jersey to wreak havoc in the area. The pine barrens created densely forested terrain where concealment of guerrilla and criminal activities could easily be carried out.
Guerrilla and criminal activities
While the Tories, who had received their land from King George III, were amiable neighbors during the day and enemies of the Patriots by night, the pine robbers were disgruntled British sailors who had jumped ship. They banded together with local outlaws to burn and loot throughout the New Jersey Pine Barrens. The pine robbers were commonly known to commit crimes against Patriots and, sometimes, Loyalists.
Fagan Gang
One of the most infamous pine robber gangs was the Fagan Gang led by Loyalist leader Jacob Fagan and his associate Lewis Fenton.
John Bacon and the "Refugees"
John Bacon was one of the more notorious Loyalist leaders of the pine robbers. In December 1782, Bacon and his gang, the "Refugees" were involved in the Battle of Cedar Bridge, where a surprise attack by Captain Edward Thomas of the Mansfield Militia and Captain Richard Shreeve of the Burlington County Light Horse forced Bacon to quickly build a makeshift barricade at Cedar Bridge. The Patriot forces charged the Refugees, but Bacon and three gang members escaped.
On April 3, 1783, John Bacon was surrounded by the Patriot militia from Burlington, New Jersey, while drinking in a local tavern. With no chance of escape, he was bayoneted and shot to death.
See also
De Lancey's Brigade
Doan Gang
Harpe brothers
New Jersey Volunteers
References
Ward, Harry M; Between the Lines: Banditti of the American Revolution; Santa Barbara, California; Praeger; (2002).
External links
The Refugee John Bacon (Loyalist leader of the Pine Robbers)
Egg Harbor City to Pleasant Mills
Loyalist military units in the American Revolution
Pine Barrens (New Jersey)
New Jersey in the American Revolution
American outlaws |
5380138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Ingham | Albert Ingham | Albert Edward Ingham (3 April 1900 – 6 September 1967) was an English mathematician.
Biography
Ingham was born in Northampton. He went to Stafford Grammar School and began his studies at Trinity College, Cambridge in January 1919 after service in the British Army in World War One. Ingham received a distinction as a Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos at Cambridge. He was elected a fellow of Trinity in 1922. He also received an 1851 Research Fellowship.
Ingham married Rose Marie "Jane" TupperCarey in 1932; the couple had two sons. Ingham died in Switzerland in 1967.
Research
Ingham was appointed a Reader at Leeds University in 1926 and returned to Cambridge University as a fellow of King's College and lecturer in 1930. Ingham was appointed after the death of Frank Ramsey. Ingham was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1945. Ingham's sole book, On the Distribution of Prime Numbers was published in 1932.
Ingham supervised the Ph.D.s of C. Brian Haselgrove, Wolfgang Fuchs and Christopher Hooley.
Ingham proved in 1937 that if
for some positive constant c, then
for any θ > (1+4c)/(2+4c). Here ζ denotes the Riemann zeta function and π the prime-counting function.
Using the best published value for c at the time, an immediate consequence of his result was that
gn < pn5/8,
where pn the n-th prime number and gn = pn+1 − pn denotes the n-th prime gap.
References
1900 births
1967 deaths
20th-century English non-fiction writers
20th-century mathematicians
Academics of the University of Leeds
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
British Army personnel of World War I
English mathematicians
Fellows of King's College, Cambridge
Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society
Number theorists
People educated at Salford Grammar School
People from Northampton |
5380141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20fitz%20Martin | Robert fitz Martin | Robert fitz Martin ( 10?? – c. 1159) was a knight from Devon whose father, Martin de Turribus, was the first Norman Lord of Kemes, in what had previously been the Dyfed part of Deheubarth. Fitz Martin inherited the Lordship of Kemes from his father, and founded St Dogmaels Abbey c. 1118. He was the first of the FitzMartin line. His descendants continued to hold lands in England and Wales until the 14th century.
Family background
Robert fitz Martin, was of a Frankish noble house of Blois, the great-grandson of the bellicose Eudus II, Count of Blois. He was born some time in the late 11th century to a knight of William the Conqueror, Martin de Turribus and his wife Geva de Burci, heiress of Serlo de Burci.
Martin had participated in the seizure of Rhys ap Tewdwr's lands, following the latter's refusal to acknowledge the suzerainty of William Rufus (despite having acknowledged the suzerainty of William the Conqueror), consequent attack on Worcester, and death in battle. Martin had sailed from Devon, and after landing at Fishguard, met little resistance (other than a skirmish at Morvil), becoming Marcher Lord of the area - Kemes (the name of the Lordship being a garbled version of Cemais, the name of the former Cantref); his Lordship stretched between Fishguard and Cardigan.
Geva de Burci's second husband was William de Falaise, with whom she had daughters, Emma and Sybil. "Emma de Falise married William de Courcy as her second husband. Earlier, she had been briefly married to William fitz Humphrey, but was evidently a widow soon after 1100 for, by 1106, she and her sister, Sybil, attested their father's charter without mention of their husbands. As a bride's possessions passed to her husband on marriage, he would normally attest before her but a widow acted in her own right."
Robert's half-sister, Emma de Falaise, married William de Courcy, a son of Richard de Courcy of Courcy-sur-Dives, Normandy. They received the manor of Stoke (renamed Stoke-Courcy, now Stogursey) in Somerset from William, and were grandparents of John de Courcy. This made Robert fitz Martin a brother-in-law of William de Courcy, who "was most active in royal administration during the first decade of the reign" of Henry I, to whom de Courcy was a royal dapifer.
Life
Robert inherited property from his maternal grandfather, Serlo de Burci, in Somerset, Dorset, and Devon. Early in the reign of Henry I he succeeded to his father's Marcher Lordship of Kemes, setting his Caput baroniae at Nevern (Nanhyfer). Nevern Castle stood on a spur of the hill northwest of the church.
He married Maud Peverell and with her founded St Dogmaels Abbey between 1115 and 1119. Maude was a sister or daughter of William Peverel the Younger. The couple are not recorded as having any children. Not later than 1120, Robert Fitz Martin and Maud Peverel, his wife, granted to Savigny Abbey land at Vengeons (la Manche) which had belonged to William Peverel.
In 1134, he joined with the Norman lords in South Wales in resisting the sons of Gruffydd, and witnessed several charters of the Empress Maud, to whom he was adhered. During The Great Revolt 1136–1137 much of Kemes was reclaimed by the Welsh (once again becoming Cemais). Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare, lord of Ceredigion, was ambushed and killed by the men of Iorwerth ab Owain. News of his death led to an invasion of Ceredigion by the sons of Gruffudd ap Cynan. Around Michaelmas they made an alliance with Gruffydd ap Rhys of Deheubarth. The combined forces made for Cardigan, and engaged the Normans at the Battle of Crug Mawr, two miles outside the town.
The Normans were led by Robert fitz Martin, of the Noble House of Blois, supported by the constable of Cardigan Castle (a Stephen), with the aid of Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan and Maurice's brother, William. After some hard fighting, the Norman forces broke and were pursued as far as the River Teifi. Many of the fugitives tried to cross the bridge, which broke under the weight, with hundreds said to have drowned, clogging the river with the bodies of men and horses. Others fled to the town of Cardigan, which however was taken and burned by the Welsh. However, Robert fitz Martin successfully managed to defend and hold the castle. It was the only one to remain in Norman hands at the end of the war.
Robert spent the years 1136–1141 serving the Empress Maud during The Anarchy, and her son, Henry II. His activities from 1142 to 1155 are unknown. In 1155, Henry II confirmed to him the lands of his grandfather, Serlo de Burci, with all their liberties.
Second marriage and FitzMartin descendants
By the reign of Henry II Maud had died and Robert fitz Martin had a new wife – Alice de Nonant of Totnes (died 1194) – and three children:
1. William - married in 1159, Devon, England, Angharad, the sister of Robert's former enemy, Gruffydd ap Rhys.
-William - married in 1195, Devon, England, to Avice De TORITON 1165-1246.
-Nicholas = 1193-1242.
2. Sybil - married Warin de Morcells
3. Robert
Robert fitz Martin seems to have died about 1159, survived by his wife Alice and their children. Of them, Robert fitz Robert was dead by 1162 and buried in Totnes Priory. Sybil is known to have married a Warin de Morcelles and was alive in 1198.
William's eldest son inherited the family property and, via his marriage with Angharad, regained the lost territory of Kemes/Cemais. The family would continue to hold lands in both England and Wales until the extinction of the senior line in 1326. Cadet lines still flourish in England, Wales, Ireland and beyond.
References
Sources
The Baronial Martins, Lionel Nex, Orphington, 1987.
The Lords of Cemais, Dilwynn Miles, Haverfordwest, 1996.
The Tribes of Galway, Adrian J. Martyn, Galway, 2001.
De Courcy:Anglo-Normans in Ireland, England and France in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Steve Flanders, Four Courts Press, 2009.
Complete Peerage, Vol VIII, pp. 530–537
Ancestral Roots of Certain Colonists, lines 63A, 71, 122.
1090s births
1159 deaths
11th-century Welsh people
12th-century Welsh people
Anglo-Normans in Wales
Norman warriors
People from Dorset
People from Totnes
People from Pembrokeshire |
5380144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Australian%20Lacrosse%20League%20season | 2006 Australian Lacrosse League season | Results and statistics for the Australian Lacrosse League season of 2006.
Game 15
Friday, 20 October 2006, Perth, Western Australia
Goalscorers:
WA: Nathan Rainey 4-1, Adam Sear 4-1, Alex Brown 2-1, Travis Roost 2, Jason Battaglia 1, Adam Delfs 1, Jesse Stack 0-1.
SA: Ryan Gaspari 2-1, Anson Carter 2.
Game 16
Saturday, 21 October 2006, Perth, Western Australia
Goalscorers:
WA: Alex Brown 4-1, Adam Delfs 3, Adam Sear 3, Nathan Rainey 2, Russell Brown 1-1, Jason Battaglia 1, Travis Roost 1, Jesse Stack 1, Glen Morley 0-1, James Watson-Galbraith 0-1.
SA: Anson Carter 5, Shane Gilbert 1, Brendan Twiggs 1, Nigel Wapper 1.
Game 17
Friday, 27 October 2006, Melbourne, Victoria
Goalscorers:
Vic: Ben Newman 2-1, Robbie Stark 2, Damian Arnell 1, Clinton Lander 1, Aaron Onafretchook 1, Tristan Tomasino 1, Marty Hyde 0-1.
WA: Brad Goddard 2-1, Nathan Roost 2, Adam Sear 1, Jesse Stack 1, Russell Brown 0-1, Adam Delfs 0-1, James Watson-Galbraith 0-1.
Game 18
Saturday, 28 October 2006, Melbourne, Victoria
Goalscorers:
Vic: Adam Townley 3, Aaron Onafretchook 2-1, Clinton Lander 2, Robert Chamberlain 1-5, Marty Hyde 1-1, Robbie Stark 1-1, Josh Naughton 1.
WA: Adam Sear 3, Russell Brown 1-1, Alex Brown 1, Adam Delfs 1, Brad Goddard 0-1.
Game 19
Friday, 3 November 2006, Adelaide, South Australia
Goalscorers:
SA: Anson Carter 2, Nigel Wapper 2, Ryan Gaspari 1-1, Shane Gilbert 1, Philip McConnell 0-1, knocked-in 1.
Vic: Robert Chamberlain 2-1, Adam Townley 2-1, Clinton Lander 2, Robbie Stark 1-1, Marty Hyde 1, Josh Naughton 1, Ben Newman 1, Damian Arnall 0-1, Michael Rodrigues 0-1, knocked-in 1.
Game 20
Saturday, 4 November 2006, Adelaide, South Australia
Goalscorers:
SA: Anson Carter 3, Nigel Wapper 1-1.
Vic: Robbie Stark 5-1, Josh Naughton 5, Ben Newman 2-1, Adam Townley 2, Clinton Lander 1-3, Marty Hyde 1-2, Aaron Onafretchook 1-2, Tristan Tomasino 1-1, Damian Arnall 1, Michael Rodrigues 1, Chris Welsh 1.
ALL Table 2006
Table after completion of round-robin tournament
FINAL (Game 21)
Saturday, 11 November 2006, Perth, Western Australia
Goalscorers:
Vic: Ben Newman 2-1, Robert Chamberlain 2, Robbie Stark 1-1, Marty Hyde 1, Adam Townley 1, Clinton Lander 0-2.
WA: Adam Sear 5, Nathan Roost 2-1, Alex Brown 1-2, Jason Battaglia 1, Russell Brown 1, Brad Goddard 1, Nathan Rainey 1, Jesse Stack 1, Ben Tippett 1.
All-Stars
ALL 2006 Champions: Western Australia
ALL 2006 Most Valuable Player: Robbie Stark (Vic)
ALL 2006 All-Stars: Alex Brown, Warren Brown, Gavin Leavy, Travis Roost, Adam Sear (WA), Marty Hyde, Keith Nyberg, Cameron Shepherd, Robbie Stark, Adam Townley (Vic), Anson Carter, Anthony Munro, Brendan Twiggs (SA). Coach: Travis Roost (WA). Referee: Don Lovett (Vic)
See also
Australian Lacrosse League
Lacrosse in Australia
External links
Australian Lacrosse League
Lacrosse Australia
Lacrosse South Australia
Lacrosse Victoria
Western Australian Lacrosse Association
Australian Lacrosse League
2006 in Australian sport
2006 in lacrosse |
5380155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Antonio%20Fl%C3%B3rez | Manuel Antonio Flórez | Manuel Antonio Flórez Maldonado Martínez Ángulo y Bodquín (in full, Manuel Antonio Flórez Maldonado) (May 27, 1723 in Seville, Spain – March 20, 1799 in Madrid) was a general in the Spanish navy and viceroy of New Granada (1776 – November 26, 1781) and New Spain (August 17, 1787 to October 16, 1789).
Early career
Flórez entered the royal navy of Spain, where he commanded various ships of war fighting pirates, in both the Mediterranean and in Spanish possessions in America. He distinguished himself for his valor as well as his knowledge, and was made a knight of the military Order of Calatrava. He became commandant of the Naval Department at el Ferrol, a major naval base, shipbuilding center and arsenal in northwestern Spain. He served in that position for four years (1771–75).
Flórez was named viceroy of New Granada, and sailed to take up the position on December 3, 1775. He served in this capacity for 11 years and 5 months. He was well liked in New Grenada. He resigned in 1787, citing ill health. However, his resignation was apparently motivated by dissatisfaction of José de Gálvez, Minister of the Indies, and Archbishop Antonio Caballero y Góngora of Bogotá.
As Viceroy of New Spain
In 1787 he was named viceroy of New Spain and president of the Audiencia of Mexico. He arrived in Veracruz on July 18, 1787 and took possession of his new offices in Mexico City on August 17.
In office, he raised three new battalions of volunteers, those of Mexico, Nueva España, and Puebla. He refused to share his authority with Francisco Mangino, who had been named superintendent of New Spain (1787). He sent 50,000 pesos annually to New York, on orders of the Crown, for businesses there.
He intervened in a dispute between missionaries and the military governor of California. He arranged that the sons of the largest landowners of the colony be given high positions in the colonial army. In 1788 he arranged with the Spanish government to bring in 11 German miners from Dresden to teach Mexican miners recent technical advances in metallurgy.
During his administration the Real Estudio Botánico opened. On April 28, 1788, the distinguished Mexican historian and Jesuit Francisco Javier Alegre died in exile in Bologna. On June 4, 1788, the expedition of Esteban José Martínez sailed from San Blas, Nayarit, in the Princesa to explore the North Pacific coast. This expedition sailed as far as the Bering Strait. On August 12, 1788, Lorenzo de Zavala was born in Yucatán. He was later vice-president of the independent Republic of Texas.
King Charles III died on December 14, 1788, after a long reign. The sumptuous obsequies after his death cost the treasury of New Spain a great deal. Viceroy Flórez was personally very affected, because Charles III had been his protector.
The Audiencia informed the Crown of Flórez's failing health, and he was ordered to step down because of it. He was granted six months' additional pay to cover his expenses on the return to Spain. He returned there on October 16, 1789, where he was awarded the Cross of the Order of Charles III and named honorary captain general of the navy. He died in Madrid on March 20, 1799.
References
"Flores, Manuel Antonio," Enciclopedia de México, v. 5. Mexico City: 1987.
García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984.
Orozco L., Fernando, Fechas Históricas de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1988, .
Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, .
External links
Viceroys of New Spain
Viceroys of New Granada
1723 births
1799 deaths
People from Seville
Spanish generals
Spanish history in the Pacific Northwest
1770s in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
1780s in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
1780s in Mexico
1780s in New Spain
18th-century Spanish people |
5380170 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolichocephaly | Dolichocephaly | Dolichocephaly (derived from the Ancient Greek δολιχός 'long' and κεφαλή 'head') is a condition where the head is longer than would be expected, relative to its width. In humans, scaphocephaly is a form of dolichocephaly.
Dolichocephalic dogs (such as German Shepherds) have elongated noses. This makes them vulnerable to fungal diseases of the nose such as aspergillosis. In humans the anterior–posterior diameter (length) of dolichocephaly head is more than the transverse diameter (width).
It can be present in cases of Sensenbrenner syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, Sotos syndrome, CMFTD as well as Marfan syndrome.
See also
Brachycephaly
Cephalic index
Plagiocephaly
References
External links
Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system |
5380180 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid%20Stuff | Kid Stuff | "Kid Stuff" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. It was first published in the September 1953 issue of Beyond Fantasy Fiction and reprinted in the 1957 collection Earth Is Room Enough. Asimov wrote the story in January 1953, intending it for a new magazine called Fantastic, but it was rejected by its editor, Harold Browne. Asimov then submitted it to H. L. Gold, who accepted it for a new sister magazine of Galaxy Science Fiction called Beyond Fantasy Fiction.
Plot summary
Jan Prentiss, a fantasy writer is busy at work, when a foot-long talking insect materialises before him. He declares that he is an elf, and is in fact a mutant—a "super-elf"—with new powers that he is still experimenting with. Most of his kind are telepathic. During the last ice age, they used human brains as "psychic amplifiers" to augment their own abilities. However, since the Industrial Revolution, the elves and other related beings have avoided mankind, since they are unable to manipulate electricity, and have retreated to Avalon; an island in the Atlantic Ocean cloaked in a psychic shield.
Prentiss' elf, however, can manipulate electricity and possibly fission uranium. It needs to use Prentiss' brain, as a psychic amplifier, though, since Prentiss, being a fantasy writer, is one of the few humans with a mind sympathetic enough for the elf to control. When Prentiss balks at being taken to Avalon as an 'advisor', the elf threatens Prentiss' wife and ten-year-old son with physical harm.
Prentiss' son comes home from school, and the elf tries to take control of his mind, too; but the boy, being a modern 1950s child, doesn't believe in "kid stuff" like fairies. The elf is unable to control both minds, and the boy crushes the elf with his schoolbooks.
External links
Short stories by Isaac Asimov
1953 short stories
Science fiction short stories
Works originally published in Beyond Fantasy Fiction |
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