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4028455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libohov%C3%AB | Libohovë | Libohovë () is a town and a municipality in southern Albania. It is overlooked by Libohovë Castle and has a main street with views across the Drino valley. Libohovë is at the foot of the Bureto Mountain. The region forms part of the Zagori Regional Nature Park located in Zagori region.
The municipality was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities Libohovë, Qendër Libohovë and Zagori, that became municipal units. The seat of the municipality is the town Libohovë. The total population is 3,667 (2011 census), in a total area of 248.42 km2. The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 1,992.
History
The archaeological evidence indicates a very ancient settlement which reached its zenith in the 17th century.
It may be the exact site of present Dropull's former Catholic Diocese of Hadrianopolis in Epiro. In the late 17th century, the Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi passed through Libohovë noting it was inhabited by Muslim Albanians and had 200 houses, a mosque, prayer house, inn and small bathhouse. Between 1796-1798 the Libohovë Castle was built in the city. In the early 19th century during the rule of Ali Pasha, British diplomat William Martin Leake during his journey from Vlorë to Gjirokastra and later to present-day Greece, in his diary describes his arrival on December 26, 1804, in the region of Derópoli, or Dropull as it was known from the local Albanians. According to him, Libohovë, then part of the same region, numbered about 1000 Muslim families and 100 Christian families.
It is the home of a well-known Albanian noble family, which shares its name with the town. Prior to the communist era they held considerable sway over the country's politics. The castle is a substantial fortress with four polygonal corner towers and a curtain wall surrounding a wide courtyard. The sister of Ali Pasha of Tepelenë, Shanica, married one of the most important members of the Libohovë family and the castle was the dowry that Ali Pasha presented to her. In the town centre was an old plane tree around which a bar-restaurant has been built. Also in the centre is the house of Myfit (Bey) Libohovë (1876–1927), a renowned politician, the first minister of internal affairs and foreign affairs serving in the Albanian Government of 1912.
During the interwar period (20th century) Libohovë was a well watered, large and wealthy settlement located among extensive groves containing 500 houses, its inhabitants spoke Albanian and were mostly Muslim. Libohovë was a centre for the Muslim Sufi Bektashi order with several tekkes located in Dropull. Muslims formed most of Libohovë's population in the late twentieth century.
Places of interest
Libohovë Castle is the most visited site in city.
Myfit Bej Libohova's home is located in the centre of the city.
Notable locals
Myfit Libohova, Albanian government member on nine occasions from 1912 until his death in 1927, holding the positions of Justice Minister, Minister of the Interior, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was also the founder of the Bank of Albania.
Abedin Nepravishta, twice former mayor of Tirana, Albania, during 1933-1935 and 1937–1939
Servet Libohova, mayor of Tiranë
Eni Çobani, lawyer
Avni Rustemi, leftist activist of the 1920s.
Nexhmie Zaimi, Albanian American author and journalist
Kadri Gjata, Albanian educator
References
Municipalities in Gjirokastër County
Administrative units of Libohovë
Towns in Albania |
4028462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinaroo%2C%20Queensland | Tinaroo, Queensland | Tinaroo is a rural locality in the Tablelands Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , Tinaroo had a population of 312 people. The town of Tinaroo Falls is on the eastern edge of the locality () beside Lake Tinaroo.
Geography
Tinaroo is located on the shore of Lake Tinaroo, a man-made reservoir.
Despite the town's name, the waterfall of the same name is not in either the town or the locality but it is very close by in the neighbouring locality of Lake Tinaroo, which includes the Tinaroo Dam, the lake it impounds and the shoreline around the lake.
History
The town and locality take their name from Tinaroo Creek, which is believed to derive from tin hurroo, a shout used by tin miners.
At the , Tinaroo had a population of 266.
See also
Lake Tinaroo
References
External links
Town map of Tinaroo Falls, 1978
Towns in Queensland
Populated places in Far North Queensland
Tablelands Region
Localities in Queensland |
4028464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beira%20Alta%20Province | Beira Alta Province | Beira Alta Province (; "Upper Beira") was a Portuguese province in the north of Portugal.
Vast plateaus, river valleys, mountains, and castles abound in Beira Alta.
Formerly it was part of the Beira Province.
The two main cities were Guarda and Viseu. Other cities include Pinhel, Sabugal, Trancoso, Almeida, Oliveira do Hospital, Tondela, Mangualde, Santa Comba Dao, Seia, Gouveia, Meda.
The city of Viseu, once the capital of the Beira Alta, is now in the main city within the new Dão-Lafões Subregion, which is part of the Centro Region.
Guarda is now the capital of the new Beira Interior Norte Subregion within the Centro Region.
External links
Provinces of Portugal (1936–1976) |
4028479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stud%20%28animal%29 | Stud (animal) | A stud animal is a registered animal retained for breeding. The terms for the male of a given animal species (stallion, bull, rooster, etc.) usually imply that the animal is intact—that is, not castrated—and therefore capable of siring offspring. A specialized vocabulary exists for de-sexed animals (gelding, steer, etc.) and those animals used in grading up to a purebred status.
Stud females are generally used to breed further stud animals, but stud males may be used in crossbreeding programs. Both sexes of stud animals are regularly used in artificial breeding programs.
A stud farm, in animal husbandry, is an establishment for selective breeding using stud animals. This results in artificial selection.
Stud fees
A stud fee is a price paid by the owner of a female animal, such as a horse or a dog, to the owner of a male animal for the right to breed to it. Service fees can range from a small amount for a local male animal of unknown breeding to several hundred thousand dollars for the right to breed a champion Thoroughbred race horse such as Storm Cat, who has earned stud fees of up to US $500,000.
Many owners of high-quality stallions also offer a live foal guarantee with a breeding, usually defined as a guarantee that once the mare leaves the stud farm confirmed to be in foal by a veterinarian, she will give birth to a foal that stands and nurses, or else the stud farm will re-breed the mare for no stud fee the following season.
Most stud fees do not include the costs of boarding the female animal at the location of the stud animal, or the cost of collecting and shipping semen if artificial insemination is used in lieu of live cover. Any veterinary expenses or medications are also an additional cost to the owner of the female animal.
See also
Dog breeding
Horse breeding
Sheep farming
Stud farm
References
Livestock
Slang terms for men
Animal breeding |
4028488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilie%20Autumn | Emilie Autumn | Emilie Autumn Liddell (born September 22, 1979) is an American singer-songwriter, poet, author and violinist. Autumn's musical style is described by her as "Fairy Pop", "Fantasy Rock" or "Victoriandustrial". It is influenced by glam rock and from plays, novels, and history, particularly the Victorian era. Performing with her all-female backup dancers The Bloody Crumpets, Autumn incorporates elements of classical music, cabaret, electronica, and glam rock with theatrics, and burlesque.
Growing up in Malibu, California, Autumn began learning the violin at the age of four and left regular school five years later with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist; she practiced eight or nine hours a day and read a wide range of literature. Progressing to writing her own music, she studied under various teachers and went to Indiana University, which she left over issues regarding the relationship between classical music and the appearance of the performer. Through her own independent label Traitor Records, Autumn debuted in 1997 with her classical album On a Day: Music for Violin & Continuo, followed by the release in 2003 of her album Enchant.
Autumn appeared in singer Courtney Love's backing band on her 2004 America's Sweetheart tour and returned to Europe. She released the 2006 album Opheliac with the German label Trisol Music Group. In 2007, she released Laced/Unlaced; the re-release of On a Day... appeared as Laced with songs on the electric violin as Unlaced. She later left Trisol to join New York based The End Records in 2009 and release Opheliac in the United States, where previously it had only been available as an import. In 2012, she released the album Fight Like a Girl. She played the role of the Painted Doll in Darren Lynn Bousman's 2012 film The Devil's Carnival, as well as its 2015 sequel, Alleluia! The Devil's Carnival.
Life and career
1979–2000: Beginnings
Emilie Autumn was born in Los Angeles, California, on September 22, 1979. Autumn grew up in Malibu, California. She has stated that "being surrounded by nature and sea had a lot to do with [her] development as a 'free spirit.'" Her mother worked as a seamstress, and she has said that her father was a German immigrant with whom she did not share a close relationship. While not musicians, her family enjoyed various genres of music.
When Autumn was four years old, she started learning the violin, and later commented: "I remember asking for a violin, but I don't remember knowing what one was. I might have thought it was a kind of pony for all I know, but I don't remember being disappointed." Four years later, Autumn made her musical debut as a solo violinist performing with an orchestra, and won a competition. At the age of nine or ten, she left regular school with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist. On her time at the school, she remarked, "I hated it anyway, what with the status as 'weird,' 'antisocial,' and the physical threats, there seemed to be no reason to go anymore, so I just didn't." She practiced eight or nine hours a day, had lessons, read a wide range of literature, participated in orchestra practice, and was home-schooled. Growing up, she owned a large CD collection of "violin concertos, symphonies, chamber music, opera, and a little jazz". She began writing her own music and poetry at age thirteen or fourteen, though she never planned to sing any of her songs. She studied under various teachers and attended Indiana University in Bloomington, but left after two years there, because she disagreed with the prevailing views on individuality and classical music. She believed that neither the audience nor the original composer would be insulted by the clothing and appearance of the performer.
While convinced that she would only play violin, eighteen-year-old Autumn decided to sing on one of her songs as a way of demonstrating to a major music producer, who wanted to sign her on a label, how it should sound. She became unhappy with the changes done to her songs, and decided to break away from the label and create her own independent record label, Traitor Records. Through it, she debuted with her classical album On a Day: Music for Violin & Continuo, which she recorded in 1997 when she was seventeen years old; its title refers to the fact that the album took only a day to record. It consists of her performing works for the baroque violin accompanied by Roger Lebow on the baroque cello, Edward Murray on harpsichord, and Michael Egan on lute. She considered it "more of a demo despite its length", and released it as "a saleable album" after fans who enjoyed her "rock performances starting asking for a classical album so that they could hear more of the violin." She also debuted with her poetry book Across the Sky & Other Poems in 2000, later re-released in 2005 as Your Sugar Sits Untouched with a music-accompanied audiobook.
2001–04: Enchant and collaborations
As part of a recording project, Autumn traveled to Chicago, Illinois, in 2001, and decided to stay because she enjoyed the public transportation system and music scene there. She released the 2001 EP Chambermaid while finishing Enchant—she alternatively labeled the musical style on Chambermaid as "fantasy rock" and cabaret—and wrote the 2001 charity single "By the Sword" after the events of September 11, 2001. According to her, the song is about strength, not violence; the act of swearing by the sword represents "an unbreakable promise to right a wrong, to stay true".
On February 26, 2003, Autumn released her concept album Enchant, which spanned multiple musical styles: "new-age, pop and trip hop chamber music". Written during her late teenage years, Enchant revolved around the supernatural realm and its effect on the modern-day world. Autumn labeled it as "fantasy rock", which dealt with "dreams and stories and ghosts and faeries who'll bite your head off if you dare to touch them". The faery-themed "Enchant Puzzle" appeared on the artwork of the album; her reward for the person who would solve it consisted of faery-related items. Her bandmates consisted of cellist Joey Harvey, drummer Heath Jansen, guitarist Ben Lehl, and bassist Jimmy Vanaria, who also worked on the electronics. At the same time of Enchants release, Autumn had several side projects: Convent, a musical group for which she recorded all four voices; Ravensong, "a classical baroque ensemble" that she formed with friends in California; and The Jane Brooks Project, which she dedicated to the real-life, 16th-century Jane Brooks—a woman executed for witchcraft.
On the night of the Enchant release party, Autumn learned that Courtney Love had invited her to record an album, America's Sweetheart, and embark on the tour to promote it. Contributing violin and vocals, Autumn appeared in Love's backing band The Chelsea— along with Radio Sloan, Dvin Kirakosian, Samantha Maloney, and Lisa Leveridge—on the 2004 tour. Much of Autumn's violin work was ultimately not released on the album; she commented: "This had to do entirely with new producers taking over the project after our little vacation in France, and carefully discarding all of our sessions." She performed live with Love and The Chelsea on Late Show with David Letterman on March 17, 2004, and at Bowery Ballroom the next day. In September 2004, her father died from lung cancer, even though he had quit smoking twenty years earlier. Near the end of 2004, she was filmed for an appearance on an episode of HGTV's Crafters Coast to Coast, showing viewers how to create faery wings and sushi-styled soap—both products she sold in her online "web design and couture fashion house", WillowTech House. On December 23, 2004, she appeared on the Chicago-based television station WGN as part of the string quartet backing up Billy Corgan and Dennis DeYoung's duet of "We Three Kings".
2005–09: Opheliac, Laced/Unlaced, and A Bit o' This & That
Autumn began work on her concept album Opheliac in August 2004, and recorded it at Mad Villain Studios in Chicago. In August 2005, she created the costumes for Corgan's music video for the track "Walking Shade"; she also contributed violin and vocals for the track "DIA" from his 2005 album TheFutureEmbrace. In late 2005, Autumn also recorded vocals and violin for "The Gates of Eternity" from Attrition's 2008 album All Mine Enemys Whispers: The Story of Mary Ann Cotton, a concept album focusing on the Victorian serial killer Mary Ann Cotton. Autumn later protested the release of the song, claiming that it was unfinished, "altered without her permission", and had been intended only as a possible collaboration with Martin Bowes.
In January 2006, Autumn performed a song from the album, "Misery Loves Company", on WGN, before the album's release by the German label Trisol Music Group in September. She released the limited-edition, preview EP Opheliac through her own label, Traitor Records, in spring 2006; while the Opheliac EPs were being shipped, Autumn claimed that her offices had been robbed, causing the delay in the album release and the shipping of the EPs. According to her, Opheliac "was the documentation of a completely life-changing and life-ending experience". At one time, Autumn did have plans to film a music video for her song "Liar", which included "bloody bathtubs". Her song "Opheliac" later appeared on the 2007 albums 13th Street: The Sound of Mystery, Vol. 3, published by ZYX Music, and Fuck the Mainstream, Vol. 1, published by Alfa Matrix on June 19. On October 9, 2006, she appeared on the Adult Swim cartoon Metalocalypse as a guest artist and on the subsequent 2007 album The Dethalbum. November 2006 saw the release of the EP Liar/Dead Is the New Alive, which featured remixes of songs from Opheliac and new material.
Autumn released her instrumental album, Laced/Unlaced in March 2007; it consisted of two discs: Laced, the re-release of On a Day..., and Unlaced, new songs for the electric violin. She decided to re-release On a Day as Laced because she "felt that it made a nice contrast to the metal shredding fiddle album, "Unlaced", and [...] loved that it was the perfect representation of "then" versus "now". She also performed live at the German musical events Wave Gotik Treffen and M'era Luna Festival in 2007. She later released A Bit o' This & That: a rarities album of her covers, including songs from The Beatles and The Smiths, classical pieces, and her own songs. In 2008, she released the EP 4 o'Clock, which contained remixes of songs from Opheliac, new songs, and a reading from her autobiographical novel The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls. She also released another EP, Girls Just Wanna Have Fun &Bohemian Rhapsody, the same year. A year later, Autumn broke away from Trisol Music Group to join The End Records and re-release Opheliac in the United States on October 27, 2009; previously, it was only available there as an import. The re-release included extras such as pictures, bonus tracks, an excerpt from The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls, and a video.
In addition to releasing her own material, Autumn collaborated with other musicians. She contributed backing vocals and violin to the track "Dry" by Die Warzau and made an appearance in the band's music video for "Born Again". She played violin on the song "UR A WMN NOW" from OTEP's 2009 album, Smash the Control Machine. Additionally, two of her tracks appeared in film soundtracks: "Organ Grinder" from 4 o'Clock on the European edition of Saw III and a remixed version of "Dead Is The New Alive" from Opheliac on the international version of Saw IV.
2010–present: The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls and Fight Like a Girl
Autumn's debut novel, The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls, was self-published in late 2009, with a second edition following in 2010. Because of the book's nature and possible autobiographical sections, she claimed its release was delayed because some did not want it published. The book combines Autumn's own real life journal entries, including those chronicling her time in a psych ward, and the diary of a fictional Victorian-era asylum inmate named "Emily". Autumn has said that the intent of the book was to show "there’s very little difference from asylums for ladies in 1841 and the ones for us now," and that the subject of mental illness remains misunderstood.
In June 2010, Autumn released the acronym of her upcoming album, F.L.A.G., on her Twitter account, before revealing the full title as Fight Like a Girl. In her words, the meaning behind the title is "about taking all these things that make women the underdogs and using them to your advantage". Based on her novel, The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls, the album has been described as "an operatic feminist treatise set inside an insane asylum, wherein the female inmates gradually realize their own strength in numbers". On August 30, 2010, she announced that she would be undergoing jaw surgery, and had to postpone her North American tour dates while she recovered. In September 2011, she posted the full lyrics to the album's title track, "Fight Like a Girl", on her Twitter account. Autumn appeared at the 2011 Harvest Festival in Australia, and had planned to debut two songs from Fight Like a Girl during those performances. On April 11, 2012, Autumn released the single "Fight Like a Girl", with the song "Time for Tea" appearing as a B-side.
On April 16, 2012, Autumn announced her plans to debut a three-hour musical adaptation of her autobiographical novel on London's West End theatre in 2014. According to her interview with Mulatschag, she has plans to play the roles of both protagonists, Emilie and Emily.
In late 2011, a twelve-minute teaser was released for Darren Lynn Bousman and Terrance Zdunich's project The Devil's Carnival, featuring Autumn as The Painted Doll, her first major acting role. The film was released in April 2012. "Bloody Crumpets" members Beth "The Blessed Contessa" Hinderliter and Maggie "Captain Maggot" Lally also appear in the film as Woe-Maidens.
On June 13, 2012, Autumn announced on her blog the release date of Fight Like a Girl, which was on July 24 of the same year.
In 2013, Autumn produced and starred in her first ever music video, directed by Darren Lynn Bousman, for the song "Fight Like a Girl". Also appearing in the video are Autumn's Devil's Carnival co-stars Dayton Callie and Marc Senter, as well as Veronica Varlow, among others.
In 2014, it was announced that Autumn would be appearing at a handful of dates on the 2014 Vans Warped Tour with an installation called "The Asylum Experience", which will include music, burlesque, circus sideshow attractions and theater.
On September 22, 2018, she released The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls: Behind the Musical, an album with songs made for her upcoming musical.
On November 3, 2021, Autumn released the single "The Passenger", a cover of the song by Iggy Pop, marking her first official release in three years.
Influences and musical style
Her music encompasses a wide range of styles. Autumn's vocal range is contralto, but also has the ability to perform in the dramatic soprano range. Her vocal work has been compared to Tori Amos, Kate Bush, and The Creatures. She has released two instrumental albums (On a Day... and Laced/Unlaced), and four featuring her vocals: Enchant, Opheliac, A Bit o' This & That, and "Fight Like a Girl". The 2003 album Enchant drew on "new age chamber music, trip hop baroque, and experimental space pop". Autumn layers her voice frequently, and incorporates electronics and electronic effects into her work on Enchant; she also combines strings and piano for some songs, while others feature mainly the piano or violin. The 2006 release Opheliac featured "cabaret, electronic, symphonic, new age, and good ol' rock & roll (and heavy on the theatrical bombast)".
A classically trained musician, Autumn is influenced by plays, novels, and history, particularly the Victorian era. She enjoys the works of Shakespeare, Elizabeth Barrett Browning and husband Robert, and Edgar Allan Poe. She incorporates sounds resembling Victorian machinery such as locomotives, which she noted was "sort of a steampunk thing". While a young Autumn cited Itzhak Perlman as an influence because of the happiness she believed he felt when he played, her main musical influence and inspiration is the English violinist Nigel Kennedy. Her favorite singer is Morrissey from The Smiths. She takes inspiration for her songs from her life experiences and mixes in "layers and layers of references, connections, other stories and metaphors". Autumn has variously described her music and style as "Psychotic Vaudeville Burlesque", "Victoriandustrial'", a term she coined, and glam rock because of her use of glitter onstage. According to Autumn, her music "wasn't meant to be cutesy" and is labeled as "industrial" mainly because of her use of drums and yelling. Her adaption of "O Mistress Mine" was praised by author and theater director
Barry Edelstein as "a ravishing, guaranteed tearjerker".
For her live performances, which she calls dinner theatre because of her practice of throwing tea and tea-time snacks off of the stage, Autumn makes use of burlesque—"a show that was mainly using humour and sexuality to make a mockery of things that were going on socially and politically"—to counterbalance the more morbid topics discussed in her music, such as abuse, suicide and self-mutilation. Her shows feature handmade costumes, fire tricks, theatrics, and her all-female backing band, The Bloody Crumpets, a group whose members have variously included burlesque performer Veronica Varlow as The Naughty Veronica, performance artist Maggie Lally as Captain Maggot, Jill Evyn as Lady Amalthea (or Moth), actress and performer Beth Hinderliter as The Blessed Contessa, actress Aprella Godfrey Barule as Lady Aprella, German musician Lucina as Little Lucina, cellist Sarah Kim as Lady Joo Hee, German costume designer Vecona as Captain Vecona, Jesselynn Desmond as Little Miss Sugarless, and Ulorin Vex. Her intention is for the live shows to be a statement of "anti-repression" and empowerment.
Personal life
She keeps a ritual of drawing a heart on her cheek as a symbol of protection.
Autumn became vegetarian at age eleven after being unable to rationalize why she should eat farm animals but not her pet dog; in her late-teens, she became vegan. She has stated she believes that there is a link between the treatment of women and animals in society. In August 2014, Autumn said she had developed copper toxicity and was no longer vegan, although still a committed vegetarian.
In 2021, Autumn adopted a Toy Manchester Terrier, who she named Darjeeling.
She has endorsed companies such as Manic Panic and Samson Tech.
Autumn has bipolar disorder, which she has discussed in a number of interviews.
Discography
Studio albums
Enchant (2003)
Opheliac (2006)
Fight Like a Girl (2012)
The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls: Behind the Musical (2018)
Instrumental albums
On a Day... (1997)
Laced/Unlaced (2007)
Concert tours
The Asylum Tour (2007)
The Plague Tour (2008)
The Gate Tour (2008–2009)
The Key Tour (2009)
The Door Tour (2011)
The Fight Like a Girl Tour (2011–2012)
Bibliography
Across the Sky & Other Poems (2000)
Your Sugar Sits Untouched (2005)
The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls (2009)
The Gown: A Short Story (2017)
Filmography
11-11-11 as 11'er in Video (2011) Uncredited
The Devil's Carnival (2012) as Painted Doll
Alleluia! The Devil's Carnival (2015) as June / The Painted Doll
Notes
References
External links
Emilie Autumn MetalBlast.net interview, April 17, 2012.
Interview with Emilie Autumn
1979 births
21st-century American poets
21st-century American singers
American contraltos
American electronic musicians
American feminists
American harpsichordists
American industrial musicians
American people of German descent
American rock violinists
American women poets
Dark cabaret musicians
Women rock singers
Feminist musicians
Living people
Metropolis Records artists
Singers from California
Singers from Chicago
People with bipolar disorder
American women in electronic music
Writers from California
Writers from Illinois
21st-century American women singers
Electric violinists
21st-century violinists
Women harpsichordists
Steampunk music
Women in punk |
4028496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20Red%20Eagle | Jay Red Eagle | Jay Red Eagle is a Native American flautist and Native American artist whose businesses include lines of music clothing called Nashville Threads and M.T. Medicine Bottle. His clothing and shoe designs include country music and Native American clothing, Hip hop clothing, and the first ever Cherokee shoes specifically designed using the Cherokee syllabary and language. He is an enrolled member of the Cherokee Nation. His debut CD was entitled Vision. He was born in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, and in 2010 he released a second CD titled Cherokee Nation which is also composed of Native American flute music.
Red Eagle won two Music Awards in 2006: Best Native American Artist of the Year and Native American Flutist of the Year. In 2007 Red Eagle was voted Flutist of the Year a second time.
References
Music Awards 2006-02-22
Red lake News Article
External links
Jay Red Eagle's MySpace Page
Cherokee Nation Website
Jay Red Eagle Music Downloads
2007 Oklahoma Music Awards
Amazing Grace - Native American Flute Video
Native Radio
Vision on Cdbaby.com by Jay Red Eagle
Cherokee Nation artists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Tahlequah, Oklahoma
Cherokee artists
Native American textile artists
Native American flautists
Musicians from Oklahoma
21st-century Native Americans |
4028503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%20ostatnia%20niedziela | To ostatnia niedziela | To ostatnia niedziela (; 1935) is one of the long-time hits of Jerzy Petersburski. A nostalgic tango with lyrics by Zenon Friedwald describing the final meeting of former lovers just before they break up, it was performed by numerous artists and gained the nickname of Suicide Tango, due to its brooding lyrical content.
Other versions
In 1937, a Russian version was written by and performed by singer backed by the State Radio Committee Jazz Band, led by pianist Aleksandr Tsfasman, under the title of Wearied Sun (, Utomlyonnoye solntse). After the war the song remained largely successful and was one of the symbols of pre-war music in Polish popular culture. Performed by, among others, Mieczysław Fogg and Piotr Fronczewski, it appeared in a number of films, including:
Andrei Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky's Siberiade (1979),
Yuri Norstein's acclaimed Tale of Tales of the same year,
The Parrot Speaking Yiddish (1990) directed by Efraim Sevela,
Schindler's List (1993),
Krzysztof Kieślowski's award-winning Three Colors: White (1994),
Nikita Mikhalkov's Burnt by the Sun (1994)
The Russian title of the song also became the namesake for the latter film. There exist a famous contemporary recording of the violinist Gidon Kremer.
Also the Ukrainian version written by exists.
A pop-rock version was used for the trailer of Atomic Heart.
Lyrics (polish)
Lyrics (russian)
References
Polish songs
Polish-language songs
1935 songs
Russian songs
Tangos
Tango in Poland |
4028516 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20Abdulla | Prince Abdulla | Prince Abdulla is the given name for Prince Ibrahim Faamuladheyri Kilegefan, son of Sultan Muhammad Ghiyasuddin of the Dhiyamigili dynasty.
After protests over the assassination of his father Sultan Muhammad Ghiyasuddin, Prince Abdulla was banished to Fuvahmulah.
Family
According to ancient genealogical books of Meedhoo, Isdu dynasty has its roots in Meedhoo and Fua Mulah. Some of the royalties of the Maldives have their roots one way or the other connected with Meedhoo.
When the young prince was banished to Fuvahmulah he was taken care of by his relatives. He had lived all his life in the region with his children taking important roles in Maldives political history.
Princess Aisha Didi
Princess Aisha Didi ( Don Aisa Didi / Doshee Didi ) was the eldest daughter of Abdulla from his marriage to Kudarania Edhurugey Mariyam Manikufaanu.
Aisha Didi had 6 children.
She had 2 children from her first marriage to Kon'dey Ali Manikufaanu ( Grandson of Sultan Ibrahim Mudzhiruddine )
1) Kon'dey Didi (Dhon Didi)
2) Thukkalaa Didi
And second marriage to Meedhoo Gan'duvaru Mohammed Thakurufaanu with 4 children.
3) Meedhoo Gan'duvaru Khadija Didi
4) Meedhoo Gan'duvaru Hassan Didi ( Maternal grandfather of Ibrahim Nasir )
5) Meedhoo Gan'duvaru Ahmed Didi
6) Meedhoo Gan'duvaru Aminath Didi
Ibrahim Nasir
Ibrahim Nasir was born to Ahmad Didi of the famous Velaanaage family and Nayaage Aishath Didi. Nasir is descended from the famous Huraa and Dhiyamigili royal dynasties of the Maldives. Nasir's mother, Aishath Didi, was the daughter of Moosa Didi, son of Dhadimagu Ganduvaru Maryam Didi, daughter of Husain Didi, son of Al-Nabeel Karayye Hassan Didi, son of Prince Ibrahim Faamuladheyri Kilegefan, son of Sultan Muhammed Ghiya'as ud-din, son of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II, son of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin II of the Dhiyamigili dynasty.
Moosa Didi
Moosa Didi was the eldest son of Abdulla who married S.Maradhoo Mudhingey Mariyam Manikufaanu.
They had 5 children.
1) (Maradhoo) Ibrahim Didi + Hithadhoo Dhaleykaage Dhondhiye ( Aminath Manikfaan)
2) Hawwa Didi
3) Ahmed Didi ( Offspring in Huvadhoo Atoll ) - Addu Afeef Didi's maternal grandfather.
4) Aminath Didi + Ganduvaru Dhon Raha (s/o) Ibrahim Manikufaanu (Gan'duvaru Bodu Raha) son of Bandeyri Hassan Manikufaanu
5) Mohamed Didi
Afeef Didi
Moosa Didi is the maternal ancestral grandfather of Afeef Didi.
Afeef Didi's mother is Fathima Didi daughter of Aishath Didi daughter of (Gan'duvaru) Dhon Didi daughter of Aminath Didi daughter of Maradhoo Mudhingey Mariyam Manikufaan and An-Nabeel Moosa Didi (Kilegefaanuge Moosa Didi) son of Al-Ameer Abdulla (Ibrahim Faamuladheyri Kilegefaan) who is the only surviving son of Sultan Mohamed Ghiyasuddin son of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II son of Sultan Mohamed Imaduddin Al-Muzaffar (Imaduddin II) of Dhiyamigili Dynasty.
References
Maldivian nobility |
4028519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Coakley | Martha Coakley | Martha Mary Coakley (born July 14, 1953) is an American lobbyist and lawyer who served as Attorney General of Massachusetts from 2007 to 2015. Prior to serving as Attorney General, she was District Attorney of Middlesex County from 1999 to 2007.
Coakley was the Democratic nominee in the 2010 special election to fill the United States Senate seat long held by Ted Kennedy (and held in the interim by Paul G. Kirk). Coakley was defeated 52% to 47% by Republican Scott Brown in what was widely considered an upset. She won reelection as Attorney General in the 2010 general election. Coakley was the Democratic nominee for governor in 2014 but lost to Republican Charlie Baker. Coakley is now a lobbyist for the e-cigarette company Juul.
Early life
Coakley was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, to Edward J. and Phyllis E. Coakley. Her father was a World War II veteran, Korean War veteran, and small business owner. Her mother was a homemaker. When Coakley was one year old, she and her parents moved to North Adams. There, she attended St. Joseph's School and Drury High School, graduating in June 1971.
Early career
Coakley graduated cum laude with a B.A. from Williams College in 1975 and a J.D. from Boston University School of Law in 1979. In the summer of 1978, while a law student, Coakley clerked for the law firm of Donovan and O'Connor of Adams, Massachusetts. After graduating from law school, Coakley began work as an associate at the law firm of Parker, Coulter, Daley & White and later practiced at Goodwin Procter—both in Boston, Massachusetts.
Assistant District Attorney
She joined the DA's office in 1986 as an Assistant District Attorney in the Lowell, Massachusetts, District Court office. A year later, she was invited by the U.S. Justice Department to join its Boston Organized Crime Strike Force as a Special Attorney. Coakley returned to the District Attorney's office in 1989 and was appointed the Chief of the Child Abuse Prosecution Unit two years later.
In 1997, while serving under Middlesex County, Massachusetts, District Attorney Tom Reilly, she and Gerry Leone led the courtroom prosecution of then 19-year-old English au pair Louise Woodward, who was later convicted in the shaking death of eight-month-old Matthew Eappen of Newton, Massachusetts.
Run for State Representative
In 1997, a special election was held for Boston's 16th Suffolk district to replace James T. Brett, who was resigning. Five candidates, who all lived in the same Ward 16 neighborhood, including a "thoughtful, but unknown assistant DA named Martha Coakley," entered the race. Coakley lost the race to Marty Walsh, receiving 11.7% of the vote.
District Attorney
In December 1997, Coakley resigned her position in order to campaign for District Attorney in Middlesex County.
In 2001, Coakley successfully lobbied Acting Governor Jane Swift to deny clemency to Gerald Amirault, a defendant in the Fells Acres Day Care Center preschool trial, whom many regarded as a victim of day care sex abuse hysteria. Clemency for Amirault had been recommended unanimously by the Massachusetts Parole Board. Amirault's co-accused mother and sister had already been released from custody. Wall Street Journal editorial board member Dorothy Rabinowitz cites Coakley's pursuit of the case despite lack of corroborating evidence as an example of questionable judgment on Coakley's part.
Coakley's actions as District Attorney in the sexual abuse case of a 23-month-old girl in 2005 have drawn sharp criticism. Coakley, who oversaw the grand jury for the case, did not immediately indict Keith Winfield, a Somerville police officer. On August 1, 2006, after a criminal complaint was threatened to be filed by Larry Frisoli, attorney for the victim's single mother and the Republican candidate running against Coakley for Attorney General, she indicted Winfield. She requested for him to be released without cash bail. The District Attorney succeeding Coakley subsequently secured a conviction. Winfield was given two life sentences for the crime. Coakley later defended her actions by saying she acted appropriately with the evidence that was available at the time. As of 2012, film producer Steve Audette was making a documentary about Winfield's prosecution, conviction, and continued assertion of innocence; Audette was denied access to recordings of the trial in March 2013.
Attorney General
Coakley was elected Massachusetts Attorney General in the 2006 general election as a Democrat, defeating Republican Larry Frisoli with 73% of the vote. She was sworn in on January 17, 2007. Coakley became the first woman to serve as Attorney General in Massachusetts.
During the Aqua Teen Hunger Force bomb scare in January 2007, Coakley was widely quoted in the press defending the reaction of Boston's emergency services. Small electronic signs advertising a cartoon had been mistaken for bombs; Massachusetts authorities halted traffic on two bridges and closed the Charles River before realizing the signs were harmless. Coakley defended the precautions because the LED signs had looked suspicious: "It had a very sinister appearance, it had a battery behind it, and wires."
Both of those accused of putting up the signs which caused the bomb scare were given plea bargains, received community service and apologized publicly.
In May 2007, Coakley testified before the Massachusetts State Legislature in support of the passage of a "buffer zone" law that created a 35-foot buffer around entrances and driveways of reproductive health care facilities that offer abortion services. The law was signed into effect by Governor Deval Patrick on November 13, 2007, and was subsequently challenged by opponents and overturned by a unanimous decision of the Supreme Court as a violation of the First Amendment.
The next month, she signed a Guide to Consumer Credit and activated a Consumer Complaint and Information Hotline for helping people in financial difficulties.
In September 2008, Coakley worked with Apple Inc. and the National Federation of the Blind to have Apple redesign the popular iTunes software so it would comply with the federal Americans with Disabilities Act, as well as the Massachusetts Equal Rights Act.
In November 2008, Coakley unsuccessfully argued the case of Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts before the United States Supreme Court.
On February 5, 2009, she led an 18-state coalition, as well as the Corporation Counsel for the City of New York and the City Solicitor of Baltimore, urging the Environmental Protection Agency to take action in response to the 2007 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Massachusetts v. EPA. Though the Supreme Court ruled that the EPA did have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act, the Agency had yet to make an official decision on whether it believes that greenhouse gas emissions pose dangers to public health or welfare.
Coakley inherited litigation of the fatal 2006 Big Dig ceiling collapse from outgoing Attorney General Tom Reilly in 2007. On March 26, 2009, she settled the final lawsuit pertaining to the incident. Through eight lawsuits attached to the incident, Coakley's office recovered $610.625 million on behalf of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Coakley declined to conduct a criminal investigation of an aide to Thomas M. Menino, Mayor of Boston, for allegedly violating laws regarding the destruction of public e-mail records, describing the request as politically motivated.
On July 8, 2009, Coakley filed a suit challenging the constitutionality of the Defense of Marriage Act. The suit claims that Congress "overstepped its authority, undermined states' efforts to recognize marriages between same-sex couples, and codified an animus towards gay and lesbian people." Massachusetts is the first state to challenge the legislation.
In 2009, Coakley won settlements of $60 million from Goldman Sachs and $10 million from Fremont Investment & Loan for their abuse of subprime loans and lending.
In 2010, Coakley helped draft a Massachusetts law regulating obscenity on the internet. In a decision celebrated by civil rights advocates, the law was overturned by a federal judge after a coalition of booksellers and website publishers sued, claiming the new law was unconstitutional and would hold criminally liable anyone who operates a website containing nudity or sexual material, including subjects such as art or even health information such as pregnancy or birth control. They said the law failed to distinguish between open websites and obscene material. Federal Judge Rya W. Zobel stated that the plaintiffs demonstrated "without question" that the law violated the First Amendment by infringing on and inhibiting free speech.
During Coakley's tenure as Attorney General, misconduct at Massachusetts' crime laboratories led to the reexamination of tens of thousands of drug convictions. Chemist Annie Dookhan was accused of forging reports and tampering with samples to produce desired results. Similarly, Sonja Farak was accused of tampering with the evidence she was tasked with analyzing by using it to get high herself. The actions of both women, who acted independently, resulted in tens of thousands of drug counts being dismissed, the largest single mass dismissal of criminal cases in U.S. history. How to Fix a Drug Scandal is an American true crime documentary miniseries that was released on Netflix on April 1, 2020, that was created by Erin Lee Carr, who followed the aftereffects of this notorious case. How to Fix a Drug Scandal depicts the role of Martha Coakley, who was accused of political cover up.
Political campaigns
1997 Massachusetts state representative campaign
Martha Coakley finished third with 12% of the primary vote in her first run for office against future Boston Mayor and US Secretary of Labor Marty Walsh (33%), neighborhood activist Charles Tevnan (16%) and Edward Regal (10%).
1998 District Attorney campaign
Martha Coakley won the Democratic primary (48%) against Michael A. Sullivan (28%) and Timothy Flaherty (25%) and coasted to a 71–29% general election win against Republican Lee Johnson.
2002 District Attorney campaign
Martha Coakley was unopposed in both the primary and the general election.
2006 Attorney General campaign
Martha Coakley was unopposed in the Democratic primary. She won the General election (73%-27%) against Republican Larry Frisoli.
2010 U.S. Senate campaign
On September 1, 2009, Coakley was the first candidate to take out nomination papers to run in a special election to succeed the late Edward M. Kennedy in the United States Senate in the special election in 2010. Two days later, on September 3, Coakley officially announced her candidacy on her website. She won the Democratic primary on December 8, 2009. Her opponents were Republican Scott Brown and Libertarian Joseph L. Kennedy (no relation to the Kennedy family). Coakley was endorsed by The Boston Globe on January 14, 2010.
In her last television debate January 11, 2010, at the University of Massachusetts Boston, when asked about the prospects of victory in Afghanistan, Coakley stated, "I think we have done what we are going to be able to do in Afghanistan. I think that we should plan an exit strategy. Yes. I'm not sure there is a way to succeed. If the goal was and the mission in Afghanistan was to go in because we believed that the Taliban was giving harbor to terrorists, we supported that. I supported that. They're gone. They're not there anymore. They're in, apparently Yemen, they're in Pakistan. Let's focus our efforts on where Al Qaeda is." This statement drew criticism from Scott Brown and his supporters, including Rudy Giuliani.
Coakley committed a number of gaffes during the campaign. When criticized for leaving the state for a Washington fundraiser instead of campaigning, Coakley responded by saying "As opposed to standing outside Fenway Park? In the cold? Shaking hands?" Barack Obama, in reflecting on his presidency, cited this comment as an instigating factor for Coakley's election loss, as well as a hurdle for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Coakley also referred to Red Sox star pitcher and Brown supporter Curt Schilling as "another Yankee fan," making her a target of derision.
Coakley admitted to making a mistake while filing the financial disclosure forms for her Senate run, claiming to have no personal assets when she had an account under her husband's name with over $200,000 and a personal IRA containing approximately $12,000.
On January 19, 2010, Coakley was defeated by Brown 52% to 47% in the special election. Brown received 1,168,107 votes, Coakley received 1,058,682 votes, and Joseph L. Kennedy received 22,237 votes.
2010 Attorney General campaign
Coakley successfully ran for reelection, defeating her main challenger, Republican nominee Jim McKenna.
2014 Massachusetts gubernatorial campaign
On September 15, 2013, WCVB-TV learned of Coakley's intention to run for the Massachusetts governorship when incumbent Democrat Deval Patrick retired in 2014. Coakley was set to formally announce her entry into the race the following Monday. She won the Democratic nomination on September 9, 2014. On November 4, 2014, she was narrowly defeated in the general election for governor by Republican Charlie Baker, who was endorsed by the Boston Globe despite the Globe'''s having endorsed Coakley four years prior in her Senate campaign.
After the election, the Globe wrote that Coakley had been "redeemed, even in defeat," saying that she had been "haunted" by her failed bid for the U.S. Senate four years earlier and had been a "relentless, and frequently terrific, campaigner. Coakley worked her heart out meeting voters across the state. She arrived at the rationale for her candidacy that eluded her four years ago: She had proven she cares about the state's most vulnerable citizens." The Globe added that "this person of remarkable accomplishments, grace, and resilience looks to be leaving public life. That's a big loss."
Post political career
From 2015 through early 2019, Coakley worked for Foley Hoag, a Boston-based law firm, as a lawyer and lobbyist. While at the firm, Coakley represented the fantasy sports website DraftKings and student-loan firm Navient when state governments were examining the practices of these industries.
In April 2019, it was announced that Coakley had taken a full-time role with electronic cigarette maker Juul on their government affairs team. As a former attorney general, lobbying attorneys general for the vaping industry has called into question the ethics of Coakley's work for Juul, a leader in the electronic cigarette industry accused of marketing addictive nicotine products to youths.
Personal life
Coakley resides in Medford, Massachusetts. She is married to retired police Deputy Superintendent Thomas F. O'Connor Jr.
See also
List of female state attorneys general in the United States
References
External links
Attorney General Martha Coakley official Massachusetts government website
Collected news and commentary at the Boston Herald Collected news and commentary] at MassLive.com 2010 US Senate campaign contributions from OpenSecrets.org
Martha Coakley: Why I'm Running for Senate, Martha Coakley, Christian Science Monitor'', January 15, 2010
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1953 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
American women lawyers
Boston University School of Law alumni
Candidates in the 2010 United States elections
District attorneys in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Living people
Massachusetts Attorneys General
Massachusetts Democrats
Massachusetts lawyers
People from North Adams, Massachusetts
Politicians from Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Williams College alumni
Women in Massachusetts politics |
4028524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polity%20data%20series | Polity data series | The Polity data series is a data series in political science research. Along with the Varieties of Democracy project and Freedom House, Polity is among prominent datasets that measure democracy and autocracy.
The Polity study was initiated in the late 1960s by Ted Robert Gurr and is now continued by Monty G. Marshall, one of Gurr's students. It was sponsored by the Political Instability Task Force (PITF) until February 2020. The PITF is funded by the Central Intelligence Agency.
The data series has been criticized for its methodology, Americentrism, and connections to the CIA. Seva Gunitsky, an assistant professor at the University of Toronto, stated that the data series was appropriate "for research that examines constraints on governing elites, but not for studying the expansion of suffrage over the nineteenth century".
Scoring chart
Scores for 2018
Criticism
The 2002 paper "Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy" claimed several problems with commonly used democracy rankings, including Polity, opining that the criteria used to determine "democracy" were misleadingly narrow.
The Polity data series has been criticized by Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting for its methodology and determination of what is and isn't a democracy. FAIR has criticized the data series for Americentrism with the United States being shown as the only democracy in the world in 1842, being given a nine out of ten during slavery, and a ten out of ten during the Jim Crow era. The organization has also been critical of the data series for ignoring European colonialism in Africa and Asia with those areas being labeled as no data before the 1960s. FAIR has also been critical of the data series' connection to the Central Intelligence Agency. Max Roser, the founder of Our World in Data, stated that Polity IV was far from perfect and was concerned at the data series' connections with the Central Intelligence Agency.
Seva Gunitsky, an assistant professor at the University of Toronto, wrote in The Washington Post where he stated that "Polity IV measures might be appropriate for research that examines constraints on governing elites, but not for studying the expansion of suffrage over the nineteenth century". Gunitsky was critical of the data series for ignoring suffrage.
See also
Democracy-Dictatorship Index
Democracy Index
Democracy Ranking
List of freedom indices
Freedom in the World
V-Dem Institute
References
External links
Polity IV Project webpage
Democracy |
4028525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmfare%20Award%20for%20Best%20Action | Filmfare Award for Best Action | The Filmfare Best Action Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films.
Although the awards started in 1954, the category was not started until 1993.
Superlatives
Most Awards
Sham Kaushal – 5
Tinnu Verma – 4
Allan Amin – 3
Bhiku Verma - 2
Akbar Bakshi – 2
Vijayan Master – 2
Tom Struthers - 2
Having won the award 5 times, Sham Kaushal holds the record for most wins in this category, followed by Tinnu Verma 4 wins, Allan Amin each with 3 wins each, and Bhiku Verma, Akbar Bakshi, Vijayan Master each with 2 wins each.
Awards
Here is a list of the award winners and the films for which they won.
See also
Filmfare Awards
Bollywood
Cinema of India
References
Action |
4028537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanguard%20Animation | Vanguard Animation | Vanguard Films & Animation, often named only as Vanguard Animation, is an American production studio founded in 2002 by producer John H. Williams and Neil Braun. The studio has offices in British Columbia, Canada and Ealing Studios in London, England, United Kingdom. Starz Media owns the studio's minority stake.
History
The studio was founded in 2002 by John H. Williams. For its launch, it signed with Ealing Studios a four-picture deal to produce sub-$40 million computer-animated films. The following year, Vanguard sold a minority stake to IDT Corporation and partnered with its animation unit, Digital Production Solutions, to co-produce and co-own all Vanguard's properties, including Valiant (2005) produced for Disney.
Filmography
Feature films
Upcoming
Short films
Frank Was a Monster Who Wanted to Dance
Unproduced projects
Citizen Siege - A science fiction thriller CGI-animated film that was to be co-produced by Vanguard and video game developer Oddworld Inhabitants. The plot involves an expatriate who returns home to find that he has been repossessed, in a shady underhive-like world where a corporate government rules the continent. The film was originally scheduled to release in 2009, but the date was pushed back to an unknown date. As of 2019, there have been no recent developments regarding the film's production.
Alien Rock Band
Rotten Island
Buzby
City of Dragons
Atomic Circus
Oz Wars
Ribbit
The Twits
Galaxy High
The Gnome King
See also
List of computer-animated films
References
External links
American animation studios
Film production companies of the United States |
4028538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pay%20it%20forward | Pay it forward | Pay it forward is an expression for describing the beneficiary of a good deed repaying the kindness to others instead of to the original benefactor.
The concept is old, but the particular phrase may have been coined by Lily Hardy Hammond in her 1916 book In the Garden of Delight. Robert Heinlein's 1951 novel Between Planets helped popularize the phrase.
"Pay it forward" is implemented in contract law of loans in the concept of third party beneficiaries. Specifically, the creditor offers the debtor the option of paying the debt forward by lending it to a third person instead of paying it back to the original creditor. This contract may include the provision that the debtor may repay the debt in kind, lending the same amount to a similarly disadvantaged party once they have the means, and under the same conditions. Debt and payments can be monetary or by good deeds. A related type of transaction, which starts with a gift instead of a loan, is alternative giving.
History
Paying forward was used as a key plot element in the denouement of a New Comedy play by Menander, Dyskolos (a title which can be translated as "The Grouch"). Dyskolos was a prizewinning play in ancient Athens in 317 BC; however, the text of the play was lost and it was only recovered and republished in 1957.
The oldest, and perhaps most basic pattern of this concept, is the inter-generational devotion of parents to their children, re-enacting what their own parents did for them. In her 1916 book In the Garden of Delight, Lily Hardy Hammond reflects, "I never repaid Great-aunt Letitia's love to her, any more than she repaid her mother's. You don't pay love back; you pay it forward."
American Author and former war correspondent Richard Harding Davis, had already published a popular short story in The Metropolitan Magazine (dated March, 1914) entitled "The Boy Scout," that also dealt directly with the same concept. In it, a young "Scout" does a "good deed" that eventually reverberates world-wide.
Regarding money, the concept was described by Benjamin Franklin, in a letter to Benjamin Webb dated April 25, 1784:
In Ecclesiastes 11:1, it is written: Cast your bread upon the waters, for you will find it after many days.
Jesus taught in Matthew 18:21–35, that paying it forward is a requirement for those who have received God's forgiveness. He told a parable of a man who had been forgiven a huge debt by the king, because the debtor had begged for mercy. However, after being freed from the debt, he found a fellow who owed him a very small debt, by comparison. Although he had been shown a great mercy, he refused the same consideration to his fellow who had pled for more time to pay. When the king found this out, he was angry, and threw the original debtor into prison until he paid the entire debt. Jesus summarized the story by saying, "So likewise shall my heavenly Father do also unto you, if ye from your hearts forgive not every one his brother their trespasses."
Ralph Waldo Emerson, in his 1841 essay "Compensation", wrote: "In the order of nature we cannot render benefits to those from whom we receive them, or only seldom. But the benefit we receive must be rendered again, line for line, deed for deed, cent for cent, to somebody." Woody Hayes (1913 – 1987), winner of five national titles as football coach at Ohio State University, misquoted Emerson as having said "You can pay back only seldom. You can always pay forward, and you must pay line for line, deed for deed, and cent for cent." He also shortened the (mis)quotation into "You can never pay back; but you can always pay forward" and variants.
The 1929 novel, Magnificent Obsession, by Lloyd C. Douglas, also espoused this philosophy, in combination with the concept that good deeds should be performed in confidence.
An anonymous spokesman for Alcoholics Anonymous said in The Christian Science Monitor in 1944, "You can't pay anyone back for what has happened to you, so you try to find someone you can pay forward."
Also in 1944, the first steps were taken in the development of what became the Heifer Project, one of whose core strategies is "Passing on the Gift".
In Robert Heinlein's 1951 novel Between Planets, the circumstances of war place the protagonist in a country where it is illegal to spend his foreign money. He is hungry and a stranger gives him enough to pay for lunch:
The mathematician Paul Erdős heard about a promising math student unable to enroll in Harvard University for financial reasons. Erdős contributed enough to allow the young man to register. Years later, the man offered to return the entire amount to Erdős, but Erdős insisted that the man rather find another student in his situation, and give the money to him.
It is also possible for the original beneficiary to become part of the later chain of kindness. Some time in 1980, a sixteen-page supplemental Marvel comic appeared in the Chicago Tribune entitled “What Price a Life?” and was subsequently reprinted as the backup story in Marvel Team-Up #126 dated February 1983. This was a team-up between Spider-Man and The Incredible Hulk, in which Spider-Man helps the Hulk escape from police who mistakenly thought that he was attacking them. Afterwards, they meet in their secret identities, with Peter Parker warning Bruce Banner to leave town because of the Hulk’s seeming attack on police. But Banner is flat broke, and cannot afford even bus fare. As a result, Parker gives Banner his last $5 bill, saying that someone had given him money when he was down on his luck, and this was how he was repaying that debt. Later, in Chicago, the Hulk confronts muggers who had just robbed an elderly retired man of his pension money, all the money he had. After corralling the muggers, the Hulk turns towards the victim. The retiree thinks that the Hulk is about to attack him as well, but instead, the Hulk gives him the $5 bill. It transpires that the very same old man had earlier given a down-on-his-luck Peter Parker a $5 bill.
1999 novel, film and subsequent projects
In 1999, Catherine Ryan Hyde's novel Pay It Forward was published and then adapted in 2000 into a film of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. and starring Kevin Spacey, Helen Hunt and Haley Joel Osment. In Ryan Hyde's book and movie, it is described as an obligation to do three good deeds for others in response to a good deed that one receives. Such good deeds should accomplish things that the other person cannot accomplish on their own. In this way, the practice of helping one another can spread geometrically through society, at a ratio of three to one, creating a social movement with an impact of making the world a better place.
The Pay it Forward Movement and Foundation was founded in the USA helping start a ripple effect of kindness acts around the world. The newly appointed president of the foundation, Charley Johnson, had an idea for encouraging kindness acts by having a Pay it Forward Bracelet that could be worn as a reminder. Since then, over a million Pay it Forward bracelets have been distributed in over 100 countries sparking acts of kindness. Few bracelets remain with their original recipients, however, as they circulate in the spirit of the reciprocal or generalized altruism.
In 2007, International Pay It Forward Day was founded in Australia by Blake Beattie. It has now spread to 70 countries with over 50 state and city proclamations. It is estimated that it has inspired over five million acts of kindness and has featured on 7, 9, 10, ABC, NBC, Fox 5, Fox 8 and Global News in Canada.
On April 5, 2012, WBRZ-TV, the American Broadcasting Company affiliate for the city of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, did a story on The Newton Project, a 501(c)(3) outreach organization created to demonstrate that regardless of how big the problems of the world may seem, each person can make a difference simply by taking the time to show love, appreciation and kindness to the people around them. It is based on the classic pay-it-forward concept, but demonstrates the impact of each act on the world by tracking each wristband with a unique ID number and quantifying the lives each has touched. The Newton Project’s attempt to quantify the benefits of a Pay It Forward type system can be viewed by the general public at their website.
Economic model
Several firms have adopted the pay it forward approach as an economic model. These include Karma Kitchen, where patrons' meals have already been paid for by previous customers, and customers are then encouraged to contribute toward future patrons' meals. Heifer Project International pioneered the approach in sustainable development, and it has been utilized by microfinance lenders. Some authors advocate the pay it forward approach be utilized as the primary means of economic transaction. Such models have begun to be the topic of research.
See also
Feed the Deed
Random act of kindness
Reciprocity (social psychology)
Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)
Six degrees of separation
Social business
Social responsibility
Gift economy
Cool To Be Kind
References
External links
Pay it Forward Day UK
International Pay it Forward Day
Pay It Forward Life
Pay It Forward movie
Giving
1784 introductions
Sociological terminology |
4028541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RJK | RJK | RJK or Russia-Japan-Korea is a submarine telecommunications cable system linking the three named countries bordering the Sea of Japan. It began operation in 1995.
It has landing points in:
Nakhodka, Russia
Naoetsu, Japan
Pusan, Korea
It has a transmission capacity of 1.12 Gbit/s, and a total cable length of .
Sources
Submarine communications cables in the Pacific Ocean
Russia–South Korea relations
Japan–South Korea relations
Japan–Russia relations
1995 establishments in Japan
1995 establishments in Russia
1995 establishments in South Korea |
4028549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanic%20Town%20%28film%29 | Titanic Town (film) | Titanic Town is a 1998 film directed by Roger Michell and starring Julie Walters, Ciarán Hinds, Nuala O'Neill, and Ciarán McMenamin. It is set in Belfast during the Troubles.
It was filmed in Shortmead Drive and Green Close in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire.
Premise
Aidan and Bernie McPhelimy are a mother and father caught in the Northern Ireland Troubles in Belfast (known for building the RMS Titanic). Bernie's close friend is killed in the crossfire and so she becomes involved in the peace process.
Cast
The McPhelimy family
Ciarán Hinds as Aidan McPhelimy
Julie Walters as Bernie McPhelimy
Nuala O'Neill as Annie McPhelimy
James Loughran as Thomas McPhelimy
Barry Loughran as Brendan McPhelimy
Elizabeth Donaghy as Sinead McPhelimy
Mal Rogers as Uncle Jimmy
The Englishmen at Stormont
Oliver Ford Davies as Whittington
Nicholas Woodeson as Immonger (as Nick Woodeson)
Others
Ciarán McMenamin as Dino/Owen
Janice Pollock as Patsy French
Caolan Byrne as Niall French
Aingeal Grehan as Deirdre
Des McAleer as Finnbar
B.J. Hogg as Chair
Doreen Hepburn as Nora
Mairead Redmond as Mairead
External links
Titanic Town at Box Office Mojo
1998 films
Northern Irish films
1998 drama films
Films about The Troubles (Northern Ireland)
Films directed by Roger Michell
Films set in Belfast
Films shot in Northern Ireland
British drama films
Films scored by Trevor Jones
1999 drama films
1999 films
1990s English-language films
1990s British films |
4028565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20heavy-water%20reactor | Advanced heavy-water reactor | The advanced heavy-water reactor (AHWR) or AHWR-300 is the latest Indian design for a next-generation nuclear reactor that burns thorium in its fuel core. It is slated to form the third stage in India's three-stage fuel-cycle plan. This phase of the fuel cycle plan is supposed to be built starting with a 300MWe prototype in 2016. construction has not started and a firm date has not be set.
Background
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) set up a large infrastructure to facilitate the design and development of these Advanced Heavy Water reactors. Things to be included range from materials technologies, critical components, reactor physics, and safety analysis. Several facilities have been set up to experiment with these reactors. The AHWR is a pressure tube type of heavy water reactor. The Government of India, Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), is fully funding the future development, the current development, and the design of the Advanced Heavy Water Reactor. The new version of Advanced Heavy Water Reactors will be equipped with more general safety requirements. India is the base for these reactors due to India's large Thorium reserves; therefore, it is more geared for continual use and operation of the AHWR.
Motivation
Thorium is three times more abundant in the Earth's crust than uranium, though less abundant in terms of economically viable to extract proven reserves, with India holding the largest proven reserves of any country. A lot of thorium is also contained in the tailings of mines that extract rare earth elements from monazite which usually contains both rare earth elements and thorium. As long as demand for thorium remains low, these tailings present a chemical (thorium is a toxic heavy metal) and - to a lesser extent - radiological issue which would be solved at least in part by use of thorium in nuclear power plants. Unlike Uranium, which is composed of over 99% fertile but not fissile and only to roughly 0.72% of fissile , Thorium is composed almost entirely out of fertile which can be readily transmutated into fissile using thermal neutrons. This allows a much larger share of the original material to be used without the need for fast breeder reactors and while producing orders of magnitude less minor actinides. However, as Thorium itself is not fissile, it has to be "bred" first to obtain a fissile material, which can then be used in the same reactor that "bred" the or chemically separated for use in a separate "burner" reactor.
Design
The proposed design of the AHWR is that of a heavy-water-moderated nuclear power reactor that will be the next generation of the PHWR type. It is being developed at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), in Mumbai, India and aims to meet the objectives of using thorium fuel cycles for commercial power generation. The AHWR is a vertical pressure tube type reactor cooled by boiling light water under natural circulation. A unique feature of this design is a large tank of water on top of the primary containment vessel, called the gravity-driven water pool (GDWP). This reservoir is designed to perform several passive safety functions.
The overall design of the AHWR is to utilize large amounts of thorium and the thorium cycle. The AHWR is much like that of the pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR), in that they share similarities in the concept of the pressure tubes and calandria tubes, but the tubes' orientation in the AHWR is vertical, unlike that of the PHWR. The AHWR's core is 3.5 m long and has 513 lattice locations in a square pitch of 225 mm. The core is radially divided into three burn up regions. The burn up decreases as it moves toward the external surface of the core. Fuel is occupied by 452 lattice locations and the remaining 37 locations are occupied by shutdown system-1. This consists of 37 shut-off rods, 24 locations are for reactive control devices which are consisted of 8 absorber rods, 8 shim rods, and 8 regulating rods. By boiling light water at a pressure of 7 MPa, heat is then removed. The main focus with this model is to get the total power and a coarse spatial power distribution within the core to be within certain degree of accuracy.
The reactor design incorporates advanced technologies, together with several proven positive features of Indian pressurised heavy water reactors (PHWRs). These features include pressure tube type design, low pressure moderator, on-power refueling, diverse fast acting shut-down systems, and availability of a large low temperature heat sink around the reactor core. The AHWR incorporates several passive safety features. These include: Core heat removal through natural circulation; direct injection of emergency core coolant system (ECCS) water in fuel; and the availability of a large inventory of borated water in overhead gravity-driven water pool (GDWP) to facilitate sustenance of core decay heat removal. The emergency core cooling system (ECCS) injection and containment cooling can act (SCRAM) without invoking any active systems or operator action.
The reactor physics design is tuned to maximise the use of thorium based fuel, by achieving a slightly negative void coefficient. Fulfilling these requirements has been possible through the use of PuO2-ThO2 MOX, and ThO2-233UO2 MOX in different pins of the same fuel cluster, and the use of a heterogeneous moderator consisting of amorphous carbon (in the fuel bundles) and heavy water in 80–20% volume ratio. The core configuration lends itself to considerable flexibility and several feasible solutions, including those not requiring the use of amorphous carbon based reflectors, are possible without any changes in reactor structure.
Some Distinctive Features of AHWR
Elimination of high-pressure heavy water coolant resulting in reduction of heavy water leakage losses, and eliminating heavy water recovery system.
Recovery of heat generated in the moderator for feed water heating.
Elimination of major components and equipment such as primary coolant pumps and drive motors, associated control and power supply equipment and corresponding saving of electrical power required to run these pumps.
Shop assembled coolant channels, with features to enable quick replacement of pressure tube alone, without affecting other installed channel components.
Replacement of steam generators by simpler steam drums.
Higher steam pressure than in PHWRs.
Production of 500 m3/day of demineralised water in Multi Effect Desalination Plant by using steam from LP Turbine.
Hundred year design life of the reactor.
A design objective of requiring no exclusion zone on account of its advanced safety features.
Fuel cycle
The AHWR at standard is set to be a closed nuclear fuel cycle because this will lead to reduction in radio-toxicity. Because of this, the AHWR has alternate fuel options, given it has diverse fuel cycles. It can do closed types and once-through types of fuel cycles. The overall aspect of the AHWR is primed for high burn up with thorium-based fuel (BARC, 2013). Recycled thorium that is recovered from the reactor is then sent back, and plutonium is stored to be later used for a fast breeder reactor. The fuel for AHWR would be manufactured by ADVANCED FUEL FABRICATION FACILITY, which is under the direction of BARC Tarapur. AFFF is currently working on PFBR fuel rod production. AFFF has been associated with fuel rod fabrication for other research purposes in the past. AFFF is the only nuclear fuel production facility in the world which has dealt with Uranium, plutonium and thorium.
Future plans
Indian Government announced in 2013 it would build an AHWR of 300 MWe with its location to be decided. As of 2017, the design is in the final stages of validation.
Safety innovation
Past nuclear meltdowns such as Chernobyl and Fukushima have made the improvement of construction and maintenance of facilities to be crucial. These accidents were with the involvement of uranium-235 reactors and the poor structures of the facilities they were in. Since then, International Atomic nuclear Association has stepped up protocols in nuclear facilities in order to prevent these accidents from occurring again. One of the top security measures for a meltdown is containment of radioactivity from escaping the reactor. The Defence in Depth (DiD) is a method used in nuclear facilities to acquire the most effective practice of radioactive containment. The AWHR has acquired the Defense in Depth process which is used in reactors by providing a list of provisions and required equipment in order to retain the radioactivity in the core. The Defense in Depth method sets regulations that must be followed in order to reduce human error incidents and machine malfunctions.
The procedures are the following:
Level 1: Prevention of abnormal operation and failure
Level 2: Control of abnormal operation and detection of failure
Level 3: Control of accidents within the design basis
Level 4: Control of severe plant conditions, including prevention of accident progression and mitigation of consequences of severe accidents
Level 5: Mitigation of radiological consequences of significant release of radioactive materials.
The AWHR is an innovation in renewable energy safety as it will limit the use of fissile uranium-235 to breeding fissile uranium-233 from fertile thorium-232. The extraction of nuclear energy from the 90th element Thorium is said to have more energy than the world's oil, coal, and uranium combined. The AHWR has safety features that distinguish it from conventional lightwater nuclear reactors. Some of these features consist of: strong safety systems, reduction of heat from core through a built in cooling system, multiple shutdown systems and a fail-safe procedure that consist of a poison that shuts down the system in the case of a technical failure (FBR). The potential threat scientists try to avoid in reactors is the buildup of heat because nuclear energy escalates when it reacts with high temperatures, high pressures and chemical reactions. The AHWR has features that helps reduce the probability of this occurrence through: negative reactivity coefficients, low power density, low excess reactivity in the core and proper selection of material attributes built in.
Technical specifications
See also
Advanced CANDU reactor
Breeder reactor
Generation IV reactor
Pressurised heavy-water reactor
Thorium fuel cycle
India's three-stage nuclear power programme
Parallel_approaches
References
External links
Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) now being designed in Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
Advanced Heavy Water Reactor. Sept 2008 Detailed design and diagrams
http://www.barc.gov.in/reactor/ahwr.pdf
Heavy water reactors
Nuclear power reactor types |
4028567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20of%20Ged%20Walker | Death of Ged Walker | PC Gerald Michael "Ged" Walker (15 January 1960 – 9 January 2003) was an English police dog handler with Nottinghamshire Police who was killed in the line of duty in Bulwell, Nottingham, in 2003.
On 7 January 2003, PC Walker was dragged 100 yards and fatally injured by a stolen taxi as he reached into the vehicle in an attempt to remove the keys from the ignition. He died in hospital two days later from serious head injuries. He was survived by his widow and two children.
In December 2003, 26-year-old drug addict David Parfitt was convicted of Walker's manslaughter and sentenced to 13 years in prison. He had been on licence at the time of the incident for a previous robbery offence.
In September 2005, a memorial stone for PC Walker was unveiled at the junction of St. Albans Road and Cantrell Road in Bulwell, close to the location of the fatal incident. Present at the unveiling was Michael Winner, the founder and chairman of the Police Memorial Trust, Walker's widow, and the chief constable of Nottinghamshire Police.
A dog show has been held annually in Long Eaton in memory of Walker since his death in 2003. The police station in Bulwell where he was stationed has been named the Ged Walker Building.
See also
List of British police officers killed in the line of duty
References
External links
BBC News article on memorial
Memorial vandalised and reward offered to catch vandals
Funeral of PC Ged Walker
1960 births
2000s in Nottingham
2003 deaths
2003 crimes in the United Kingdom
2003 in England
British manslaughter victims
British police officers killed in the line of duty
Crime in Nottinghamshire
Date of birth missing
Deaths by person in England
History of Nottingham |
4028579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Frank | Henry Frank | Henry L. Frank (1851–1908) was an American politician and businessman based in Montana.
Frank was born in Ohio in 1851, and was of French descent. A self-made entrepreneur who invested in liquor distribution, real estate and mining, he also founded the Silver Bow Electric Light Company, was president of the Butte Water Company, and was the first chairman of the board of trustees of the Montana State School of Mines, a position held until his death.
Henry Frank also co-owned (with Sam Gebo) the Canadian-American Coal and Coke Company which operated a coal mine in the town of Frank, Alberta, Canada. He paid 30,000 for the property and the town was named after him. The mine owned by the company was damaged in the famous Frank Slide of 1903.
Henry Frank was twice mayor of Butte, Montana (1885 - 1887) and a member of the first and second Montana state legislatures representing Silver Bow County. A Democrat, he was the 1896 chairman for the State Central Committee and was elected the presidential elector for Montana. He was nearly nominated for the US Senate in 1901 during a dramatic overnight debate (a clock was smashed so that nomination could be completed before a midnight deadline), eventually supporting Paris Gibson.
Henry Frank achieved the 33rd degree of Freemasonry and in 1905 became grand master of the Grand Lodge of Montana, and was also active in the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and Knights of Pythias lodges.
Henry L. Frank died under uncertain circumstances in 1908 at age 57 while visiting his mother in Cincinnati, Ohio. There is some suggestion that depression or mental illness contributed to his death.
References
Bibliography
Butte Miner August 18, 1908
The Anaconda Standard August 18, 1908
1851 births
1908 deaths
Politicians from Butte, Montana
Mayors of places in Montana
Members of the Montana House of Representatives
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American businesspeople |
4028583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storytelling%20festival | Storytelling festival | A storytelling festival is an event that features local, regional and/or nationally known oral storytellers. Each storyteller will have a scheduled amount of time to share a story (or stories) with an audience. The featured storytellers are often professional performing artists, but semi-professional or amateur storytellers may also be included among the events.
A festival may be a single or multiple day event. Depending upon the venue, the festival schedule is organized around blocks of time for the storytellers to share their stories. The storytellers may rotate between smaller venues or the crowds may move from venue to venue. Often storytelling festivals will include an open mic event, sometimes referred to as "story swapping," where amateurs from the audience may share their own stories. Some festivals showcase the winners of storytelling contests such as the Young Storyteller of the Year.
At some festivals (including the National Storytelling Festival (USA)), paper tickets are substituted by "swatches" of patterned cloth that are pinned on and worn by festival participants. These swatches of cloth have a different/unique pattern each year and various colors may be used to distinguish the level of participation.
List
See also
Oral storytelling - some history of festivals
World Storytelling Day - international storytelling day with small festivals
References
External links
Storytelling festivals List of and links to storytelling festivals (USA and International)
The National Storytelling Network (USA)
Audio interviews and articles on How to run a storytelling festival. (USA)
Storytellers of Canada/Conteurs du Canada
East Tennessee State Reading/Storytelling Program Only university in US to offer an MA Reading/Storytelling program
Storytellers and Storytelling in India
Arts festivals by type |
4028590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Pinnacles%20%28Atherton%20Tableland%29 | The Pinnacles (Atherton Tableland) | The Pinnacles (aka the Seven Sisters) are a series of seven volcanic cinder cones on the Atherton Tableland, near Yungaburra, Queensland, Australia. They were formed more than 350 000 years ago.
The vents have an overall southwest-northeast alignment, which suggests that the ascending magma utilised a pre-existing fracture within the earth's crust. Several of the craters are breached to the southeast, possibly due to the prevailing southeast winds blowing ash and scoria to the northwest and so building the cones more to that side. Parts of the rocky basalt flows are still densely forested and can be seen surrounding the Curtain Fig Tree.
See also
Lake Barrine
Lake Eacham (Yidyam)
Lake Tinaroo
Mount Hypipamee Crater
References
External links
The Seven Sisters on Google Earth
12 Aboriginal stories about The Seven Sisters
Landforms of Far North Queensland
Volcanoes of Queensland |
4028610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragould%20High%20School | Paragould High School | Paragould High School is a public school serving grades nine through twelve located in Paragould, Arkansas. The campus is located at 1701 West Court Street in Paragould and is administered by Paragould School District. Oak Grove High School (mascot: Lions) and Paragould High School (mascot: Bulldogs) consolidated into Ridgecrest High School in 1986 and it was voted to change the nickname to the Rams to accommodate this consolidation. After the 1996–1997 school year, the school's name was changed back to Paragould High School but maintained the Rams as mascot.
Academics
The assumed course of study follows the Smart Core curriculum developed by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE). Students complete regular (core and career focus) courses and exams and may select Advanced Placement (AP) coursework and exams that provide an opportunity for college credit. The school is accredited by the ADE and is a charter member and accredited by AdvancED (formerly North Central Association) since 1925.
Extracurricular activities
Paragould offers many extracurricular activities pertaining to athletics, drama, academic clubs, and band.
The school's mascot is the Ram. The Paragould Rams compete in the Class 5A-East conference of the Arkansas Activities Association. Sports offered at Paragould High School include: football, basketball (boys/girls), soccer, baseball, softball, volleyball, golf, tennis, swimming, and track & field.
Football
For years now, Paragould High and their cross-town rival, Greene County Tech, have competed with each other in nearly every sport. The most competitive and anticipated matchup is the yearly Paragould-Tech football games which occur once each school year. The teams used to play two games each season (one as an opener, one as a closer) but, Green County Tech moved up to the AAAAAA conference, and there is no longer a need for a second game. At the end of each season, Paragould and Green County Tech play each other for the coveted Bell Trophy. The winner of the game gets to take the bell home to their school. The Bell Trophy is a three-foot, bronze bell with small engraving plates on either side wood frame that tells the year in which it was won and by which school.
Basketball
Paragould High has enjoyed success on the hardwood under direction of the legendary Coach Paynter. Paynter coached the Bulldogs/Rams for several decades and made many trips to the state tournament, with several semi-finals and finals appearances. Since the 2004 season, the Rams have not had a winning season and have averaged a meager 2 conference wins per year. Meanwhile, crosstown rival Greene County Tech has enjoyed 2 state titles and 3 finals appearances since 2006. In April 2009, Paragould hired alumnus, former player under Paynter, and most recently, head coach the Greene County Tech Junior High boys' basketball team, Jay Robertson.
The girls' squad is coached by former Arkansas State assistant coach Jay Cook; Cook's first year was the 2008–09 season. In the 2010–11 season, both Coach Cook and Robertson coached their teams to the State tournament. The Sr. Lady Rams were conference champions, and the Sr. High Rams went after Forrest City High School beat out Nettleton High School for the top spot.
Band
The Paragould Pride Band has quickly grown to become of the district's crowning programs. In the 2014 marching season, the band took home 3 Grand Championships, 1 Reserve Grand Championship, 6 overall and class Drum Major Championships, 6 overall and class percussion Championships, and 1 class color guard Championships, as well as Class A Champions at BOA St. Louis, making the Pride the first Arkansas band to ever win Class A at a BOA event. Since 2008, the band has received 9 Overall Grand Championships and 7 Reserved Grand Championships.
The band is also a 24 time recipient of the ASBOA Sweepstakes award, the highest honor given by ASBOA. During the 2014–15 school year, the band put a total of 15 students in
all region Jazz Band, 33 students in Jr. High All Region, 47 students in Sr. High All Region, and 16 students in All-State Honors Bands; all including alternates. They are also a 6-time Arkansas State Champion in class 5A as of 2021. The band is currently under the direction of Richie Williams, Cody Ballard, Joshua Mobley, and Carlos Serna.
References
External links
Public high schools in Arkansas
Schools in Greene County, Arkansas
Buildings and structures in Paragould, Arkansas |
4028613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vere%20Beauclerk%2C%201st%20Baron%20Vere | Vere Beauclerk, 1st Baron Vere | Admiral Vere Beauclerk, 1st Baron Vere (14 July 1699 – 21 October 1781), known as Lord Vere Beauclerk until 1750, was a Royal Navy officer, British peer and politician who sat in the House of Commons for 24 years from 1726 to 1750. After serving various ships in the Mediterranean and then commanding the third-rate HMS Hampton Court, he joined the Board of Admiralty, ultimately serving as Senior Naval Lord.
Naval career
Born the son of the 1st Duke of St Albans and his wife Diana Beauclerk, Duchess of St Albans, he was an illegitimate grandson of King Charles II.
Beauclerk joined the Royal Navy in 1713. Promoted to post-captain on 30 May 1721, he served in various ships in the Mediterranean before being given command of the sixth-rate HMS Lyme in 1727, the fifth-rate HMS Kinsale in 1729 and the fourth-rate HMS Oxford in 1731. He went to command the third-rate HMS Hampton Court in December 1731.
Beauclerk joined the Board of Admiralty under the Whig government in March 1738 but had to step down when the Government fell in March 1742. He returned to the Board again when the Broad Bottom ministry came to power in December 1744 and was promoted to rear admiral on 23 April 1745. He was advanced to Senior Naval Lord on the Board in February 1746 and promoted to vice admiral on 14 July 1746 and to full admiral on 12 May 1748 before retiring in November 1749.
Beauclerk was elected one of the first Vice Presidents of London's charitable Foundling Hospital for abandoned children, an unpaid position. He served in that capacity from the institution's first year of 1739 until 1756, but then again from 1758 until 1767. From 1726 to 1741 Beauclerk was Member of Parliament (MP) for Windsor and for Plymouth (succeeding his brother Henry) from 1741 to 1750. On his retirement from politics in 1750, he was created Baron Vere, of Hanworth in the County of Middlesex. he was also Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire from 1761 to 1771. It is said that he died at his home, 16 St James's Square in London, on 21 October 1781, although this date would appear at odds with the burial register of St James's Church, Piccadilly, which has him being buried on 6 October 1781.
Family
On 13 April 1736, in London, he married Mary Chambers (c. 1714-21 January 1783), a maternal granddaughter of the 2nd Earl of Berkeley. They later had six children (four of whom died young):
Vere Beauclerk (12 January 1737 – 26 December 1739)
Chamber Beauclerk (22 February 1738 – 16 July 1747)
Sackville Beauclerk (12 April 1739 – 25 April 1739)
Aubrey Beauclerk, 5th Duke of St Albans (3 June 1740 – 9 February 1802)
Elizabeth Beauclerk (7 July 1741 – April 1746); buried on 26 April 1746.
The Hon. Mary Beauclerk (4 December 1743 – 13 January 1812); who married Lord Charles Spencer, son of the 3rd Duke of Marlborough.
References
Sources
|-
|-
1699 births
1781 deaths
Barons in the Peerage of Great Britain
Peers of Great Britain created by George II
Beauclerk, Lord Vere
Lords of the Admiralty
Lord-Lieutenants of Berkshire
Beauclerk, Vere, Lord
Vere Beauclerk, 1st Baron Vere
British MPs 1722–1727
British MPs 1727–1734
British MPs 1734–1741
British MPs 1741–1747
British MPs 1747–1754 |
4028616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison%20Kodiaks | Madison Kodiaks | The Madison Kodiaks were a minor professional ice hockey team based in Madison, Wisconsin, during the 1999–2000 United Hockey League season. Affiliated with the AHL Milwaukee Admirals, the Kodiaks were an expansion team that filled the void left by the recently departed Madison Monsters.
In the team's sole season, the Kodiaks finished in third place in the Western Division, going on to defeat the Rockford IceHogs in a best-of-three first round series. It lost its second round series to the eventual champion Flint Generals, four games to two. The team's leading scorer was Josh Boni with 99 points. Its leading goal scorer was Jim Duhart with 43. Duhart went on to score a remarkable 20 points in only nine playoff games, finishing second in the league in playoff scoring despite playing in two fewer playoff series than the league leader, Nick Stajduhar of the Generals.
After that one season—having the lowest attendance of any team in its small-market league—the team moved to Kalamazoo, Michigan, to play as the second incarnation of the Kalamazoo Wings.
The team's last active player is Dominic Chiasson, who last played professional hockey with the Cornwall River Kings of the LNAH in 2015.
References
External links
Madison Kodiaks statistics at HockeyDB
Defunct United Hockey League teams
Defunct ice hockey teams in the United States
Ice hockey clubs established in 1999
Sports clubs disestablished in 2000
Ice hockey teams in Wisconsin
1999 establishments in Wisconsin
2000 disestablishments in Wisconsin
Sports in Madison, Wisconsin |
4028617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20New%20Mexico%20Cancer%20Research%20Building | University of New Mexico Cancer Research Building | The UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center (UNMCCC) is housed in the University of New Mexico Cancer Research Building. The building has five stories and covers 206,000 square feet of clinical space. It is designed as a shelled space for future expansion. The building cost $100 million and was officially opened in 2009.
NCI designation
UNMCCC first received designation as an NCI-designated Cancer Center in 2005. This status was further renewed in 2010, and gained its new designation as an NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center in 2015. Only 51 centers in the nation hold this designation. The UNMCCC is the only cancer center in New Mexico designated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). To receive this designation, cancer centers must be leaders in scientific research, cancer treatment, and clinical trials, among other requirements laid out by the NCI. The application process to be awarded this designation occurs once every five years, with the most current one being in 2020 for the UNMCCC.
References
Further reading
University of New Mexico
Buildings and structures in Albuquerque, New Mexico |
4028620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kairali | Kairali | Kairali literally means "originating from Kerala". Or anything at all related to Kerala. It may refer to:
Malayalam language
Kairali TV, a Malayalam television channel
, an Indian merchant ship which disappeared in 1979
See also
Dhundi-Kairali dialect, spoken in parts of Punjab and Azad Kashmir |
4028628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmfare%20Award%20for%20Best%20Cinematography | Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography | The Filmfare Best Cinematography Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films.
The category was first awarded in 1954.
Superlatives
Most Awards
Kamal Bose – 5
Radhu Karmakar – 4
Jal Mistry – 4
Santosh Sivan – 3
V. K. Murthy - 2
Binod Pradhan – 3
Fali Mistry – 2
Faredoon Irani - 2
Krishnarao Vashirda – 2
Jaywant Pathare – 2
Govind Nihalani – 2
Ravi K. Chandran – 2
Manmohan Singh – 2
Multi-Categories
Kamal Bose, Radhu Karmakar, Fali Mistry & Jaywant Pathare won the award in both the categories—Black & White as well as Color.
List
See also
Filmfare Award's
Bollywood
Cinema of India
References
External links
Filmfare Nominees and Winners
Cinematographer
Awards for best cinematography |
4028633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal%20Expellee%20Law | Federal Expellee Law | The Federal Law on Refugees and Exiles (, BVFG; Gesetz über die Angelegenheiten der Vertriebenen und Flüchtlinge; literally: Law on the affairs of the expellees and refugees) is a federal law passed by the Federal Republic of Germany on 19 May 1953 to regulate the legal situation of ethnic German refugees and expellees who fled or were expelled after World War II from the former eastern territories of the German Reich and other areas of Central and Eastern Europe. The law was amended on 3 September 1971.
The major force behind the law was the All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights party, which had among its supporters – besides German citizens, who had fled or were expelled from formerly German territory annexed by Poland and the Soviet Union – many formerly non-citizens, who experienced by the end of World War II and the post-war years of ethnic cleansing, denaturalisation, robbing and humiliation (1945–1950) carried out by the governments of Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia.
Provisions
The law applies to refugees and exiles (also known as expellees), which it defines as a German citizen or an ethnic German who resided in the former eastern territories of the German Reich, "located temporarily under foreign administration", or in areas outside the German Reich as at 31 December 1937, who as a result of the events of World War II suffered expulsion, in particular by removing or escape. Those expellees who were not already German nationals became entitled to German citizenship. The law did not apply to German nationals, including expellees and refugees from other countries, who at the time the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in 1949, were entitled to German citizenship under the 1913 nationality law and under Article 116 (2) of the Basic Law (federal constitution), but rather to ethnic Germans who only later managed to escape persecuting states and were entitled to German citizenship under the 1913 law.
The law also contained a heredity clause entitling children of expellees to inherit German ethnicity and citizenship: "If one parent was a German citizen or ethnic German residing on December 31, 1937, or earlier, in the areas of exile..." Inheriting the status of "expelled" resulted in an increase in the number of persons covered by the Act. According to the statistical yearbook, in 1971 in West Germany there were 8.96 million "expellees" under the law who could apply for a document certifying this classification (; i.e. Federal Expellee Card).
The law also recognises as refugees and expellees entitled to German citizenship refugees from Germany, who emigrated or were expelled after 30 January 1933 to flee factual or impending persecution on the grounds of their political opposition, their racial classification, their religion or philosophy of life ().
The persons entitled to German citizenship also include (former) foreign citizens of states of the Eastern Bloc, who themselves – or whose ancestors – were persecuted or discriminated between 1945 and 1990 for their German or alleged German ethnicity by their respective governments. The argument goes that the Federal Republic of Germany had/has to administer to the needs of these foreigners, because their respective governments in charge of guaranteeing their equal treatment as citizens, severely neglected or contravened that obligation.
See also
German Law of Return
German nationality law
References
External links
Bundesvertriebenengesetz at juris.de
Aftermath of World War II in Germany
German nationality law
Refugees in Germany
Post–World War II forced migrations |
4028640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiskuns%C3%A1g%20National%20Park | Kiskunság National Park | Kiskunság National Park () is a national park located in Danube–Tisza Interfluve mainly in Bács-Kiskun county, Hungary. It was created in 1975 and declared a biosphere reserve by the UNESCO. The park covers an area of 570 km2 and stretches across the Little Cumania (Kiskunság) region of the Great Hungarian Plain.
Features
It is not a single territory, but comprises seven disjoint units, scattered throughout the area.
One of these is the Kiskunság's Puszta where annual events are held reviving the old pastoral life and cattle breeding customs.
Another is Lake Kolon near the town of Izsák. It is famous for its marsh tortoises, herons, expanses of untouched reeds and nine species of orchids which grow in the vicinity. An interesting natural phenomenon is the sand dunes in the vicinity of Fülöpháza. They are said to move under favourable wind conditions.
Geography
The alkali lakes of the Little Cumania are found near Fülöpszállás and Szabadszállás. Their unique flora and fauna are of special value. Avocets, geese and black-winged stilts nest in the area. The lakes provide a temporary home for tens of thousands of migratory birds. This ornithologist paradise is also a UNESCO biosphere reserve. Lake Szelid near Kalocsa, Lake Vadkert by Soltvadkert, Lake Kunfehér and Lake Sós at Kiskunhalas are ideal spots for bathing and camping.
There are many tourist trails, study trails and lookouts, within the national park; all contributing to a unique experience of the Kiskunság. The main visitor's center of the Kiskunság National Park, called the 'House of Nature', is situated in Kecskemét.
Gallery
See also
List of national parks of Hungary
Puszta
References
National parks of Hungary
Tourist attractions in Bács-Kiskun County
Protected areas established in 1975
Geography of Bács-Kiskun County
1975 establishments in Hungary
Danube-Tisza Interfluve
Ramsar sites in Hungary |
4028651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Stasz%C3%B3w | Battle of Staszów | The Battle of Staszów was part of the Polish January Uprising of 1863. When the uprising erupted Staszów became a gathering place for Russian infantry and artillery in the area, on the belief that Commander Marian Langiewicz was headquartered in the town.
On February 12, 1863, Langiewicz's unit of 600 men departed in the direction of Raków from Święty Krzyż, as Langiewicz was unable to hold his troops against a Russian assault. While trying to outmanoeuvre the Russians Langiewicz entered Staszów on the 14th of February. The Polish revolutionaries waited for a Russian attack, it came on February 17. The Russian armies were under the command of Colonel Zagriashko, on February 18 the Polish revolutionaries finally withdrew their forces from Staszów and left towards Małgoszcz, although the battle is considered one of Poland's victories of the uprising.
The town was plundered by the Russians after the Polish forces left, although the Russians only plundered Polish homes, the Jews of Staszów in turn bought the looted goods from the Russians for 500 rubles, and when the Russians left the town, the Jews returned the robbed goods to their Polish owners, without demanding any payment.
References
Conflicts in 1863
Battles of the January Uprising
February 1863 events
Radom Governorate |
4028667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Anthony%20Payne%20II | Carl Anthony Payne II | Carl Anthony Payne II (born May 24, 1969) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Cole Brown on the FOX sitcom Martin and Walter "Cockroach" Bradley on the NBC sitcom The Cosby Show, Carl on Rock Me Baby (TV series), Curtis on the sitcom George Lopez (2002–2003), and as Myles Wilson on Tyler Perry's Young Dylan.
Early life
Payne studied acting at the First All Children's Theater, an off-Broadway repertory theatre company. He graduated from Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts in New York and Howard University.
Acting career
Carl Payne is best known for his role as Cole Brown on the FOX sitcom Martin and his recurring role as Theo Huxtable's best friend Cockroach on the NBC sitcom The Cosby Show.
Payne played Reynaldo St. James on the BET series The Game. He directed and produced music videos, web series and short films, all while continuing to tour the country as a stand up comic. He even starred in the series For Richer or For Poorer, whose stars were LeToya Luckett and Rockmond Dunbar.
Payne also played an FBI agent, turned FCC field agent, on The Rickey Smiley Show.
Filmography
Film/Movie
Television
Music video appearances
Whodini - "Growing Up" (1986)
Bobby Brown - "Girl Next Door" (1987)
Mint Condition - "Walk On" (2011)
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
African-American male actors
Howard University alumni
People from Harlem
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American men
21st-century African-American men |
4028673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anacin | Anacin | Anacin is an American brand of analgesic that is manufactured by Prestige Consumer Healthcare. Its product contains aspirin and caffeine.
History
Anacin was invented by William Milton Knight and was first to be used circa 1916 as stated in the patent. Anacin is one of the oldest brands of pain relievers in the United States, first being sold in the 1930s. Anacin's mascot at the time was Ana Anacin, who was found in a number of ads for this product by Bayer.
It was originally sold by the Anacin Co. ("Pharmaceutical Chemists") in Chicago, Illinois. American Home Products, now known as Wyeth, purchased the manufacturing rights in 1930. Anacin was reportedly their most popular product. Insight Pharmaceuticals acquired the brand in 2003. In 2014, Prestige Brands signed an agreement with Insight to acquire the company; it was Prestige Brand's largest acquisition to that point.
Advertising
In 1939, Anacin sponsored a daytime serial called Our Gal Sunday. Their sponsorship spanned 18 of the program's 23 years on the air. Early Anacin radio commercials appeared in radio shows and dramas of the 1940s and '50s. These "formulaic" commercials usually claimed that Anacin was being actively prescribed by doctors and dentists at the time, treated "headaches, neuritis and neuralgia", and that it contained "a combination of medically proven ingredients, like a doctor's prescription", without specifying those ingredients. Sometimes the announcer would mention that there were four active ingredients in Anacin, one of which was the medicine the consumer was already taking. It also claimed to help with depression. The announcer then reminded the listener that Anacin was available "at any drug counter", and "comes in handy (tin) boxes of 12 and 30, and economical family-size bottles of 50 and 100", usually spelling out its name at the end of the commercial.
Anacin sponsored the first made-for-television sitcom, Mary Kay and Johnny. Unsure of how many viewers would be watching when they sponsored the show in 1947, Anacin ran a simple test, offering a free mirror to the first 200 viewers to write for one. The offer drew over 9,000 responses, overwhelming the sponsor but proving television was a viable advertising medium.
Anacin was also a leading sponsor of the television soaps Love of Life, The Secret Storm and the early years of The Young and the Restless.
Anacin is one of the earliest and best examples of a concerted television marketing campaign, created for them in the late 1950s by Rosser Reeves of the Ted Bates ad agency. Many people remember the commercials advertising "tension producing" situations, and the "hammers in the head" advertisement with the slogan "Tension. Pressure. Pain."
An Anacin advertisement in 1962 featured a mother trying to assist her grown daughter with various chores, such as preparing a meal. "Don't you think it needs a little salt?", the mother would say, only to have her nerve-racked daughter shout, "Mother, please, I'd rather do it myself!" As the mother wilted, the daughter would emote and rub her head, with her inner voice saying, "Control yourself! Sure, you've got a headache, you're tense, irritable, but don't take it out on her!" Another commercial had a wife greeting her husband as he pulled into their driveway in his car; the husband responded by yelling "Helen, can't you keep Billy's bike out of the driveway?!?" These advertisement scenarios became popular and were parodied a number of times, including in the Allan Sherman song "Headaches", the 1966 film The Silencers and the 1980 film Airplane. The medication was mentioned in the book "The Shining" by Stephen King.
Anacin had a large advertisement behind the center field fence of Yankee Stadium from the 1950s through 1973, until the stadium's 1974-75 renovation.
Products
Anacin covers a family of pain relievers. There are currently two different formulations:
Anacin Regular Strength – contains 400 mg ASA (aspirin) and 32 mg caffeine per tablet.
Anacin Max Strength – contains 500 mg ASA and 32 mg caffeine per tablet.
Side effects
Anacin's side effects may include dizziness, heartburn, irritability, nausea, nervousness, rashes, hives, bloody stools, drowsiness, hearing loss, ringing in the ears, and trouble sleeping.
See also
Anadin, an Anacin brand sold in the United Kingdom, launched in 1932.
References
External links
Prestige Brands Anacin
Insight Pharmaceuticals - Anacin
Prestige Brands
Prestige Brands brands
Pfizer brands
Drug brand names
Analgesics |
4028677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%20Walker | Russell Walker | Russell Donnithorne Walker (13 February 1842 – 29 March 1922) was an English cricketer, barrister and cricket administrator.
Russell Walker was born in Southgate, Middlesex. He was the sixth of seven cricket playing brothers, who were influential in the establishing of the Middlesex County Cricket Club in 1864. Their cricket ground at Southgate is maintained by the Walker Trust to this day.
He played as a right-handed batsman and a round arm slow right arm bowler for Oxford University (1861–1865), a Middlesex XI (1862), Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) (1862–1878) and Middlesex County Cricket Club (1864–1877).
After graduating from Oxford (where he was at Brasenose College) in 1865, he studied law at Lincoln's Inn and was called to the bar in 1871. He succeeded his brother Edward as President of Middlesex and served in this role from 1907 until his death at Regent's Park, aged 80.
See also
The Walkers of Southgate
References
External links
Middlesex County Cricket Club Hall of Fame
1842 births
1922 deaths
English cricketers
Middlesex cricketers
Oxford University cricketers
Presidents of Middlesex County Cricket Club
People from Southgate, London
People educated at Harrow School
Gentlemen of the South cricketers
Gentlemen cricketers
North v South cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Southgate cricketers
Gentlemen of England cricketers
Russell
Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
English barristers
Cricketers from Greater London
Gentlemen of Middlesex cricketers
Gentlemen of Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
North of the Thames v South of the Thames cricketers
R. D. Walker's XI cricketers |
4028678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Conneff | Kevin Conneff | Kevin Conneff (born 8 January 1945) is an Irish singer and musician. He is best known as the lead singer and bodhrán player of Irish folk group; The Chieftains. He joined the group in 1976 after contributing to their album The Chieftains 6: Bonaparte's Retreat.
Conneff was born and raised in the Donore Avenue area in Dublin. Music was an important part of his home life but; as he later related, "I didn't hear traditional music from the womb," as did other members of the Chieftains. It was not until he began work as a photographic assistant for a printing machine company, at age 18, that he was introduced to Irish traditional music. A group of his work colleagues would hire a car every week to drive to local fleadhs (traditional Irish music festivals). Conneff began attending weekend jam sessions, occasionally joining the musicians for some songs. He was heavily influenced by the traditional style of singing from the Donegal/Fermanagh region in Ireland, particularly the singing of Paddy Tunney. Around this time, he took up the bodhrán after hearing one on the radio, including the playing of Seán Ó Riada with Ceoltóirí Chualann, and was amazed at the power of the simple goatskin Irish frame drum.
Conneff soon mastered the bodhrán and began playing and singing at sessions about Ireland, along with playing with Dublin traditional music circles. For many years, he helped run the Tradition Club, a haven for traditional musicians, including future Chieftains colleagues Paddy Moloney, Seán Keane and Michael Tubridy. In the early 1970s, he joined Christy Moore for what became a benchmark album, Prosperous. Prior to joining the Chieftains, he maintained his printing job, also looking after his elderly mother.
Conneff has three children, Peigí, Ruairí and Ella, and lives in Hollywood, County Wicklow.
References
1945 births
Living people
Bodhrán players
Claddagh Records artists
Irish folk musicians
Irish folk singers
Musicians from Dublin (city)
The Chieftains members |
4028681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fougasse%20%28cartoonist%29 | Fougasse (cartoonist) | Cyril Kenneth Bird CBE (17 December 1887 – 11 June 1965), known by the pen name Fougasse, was a British cartoonist.
He was perhaps best known for his work in Punch magazine (of which he served as editor from 1949 to 1953) and his World War II warning propaganda posters; "Careless talk costs lives" was one of the most popular. He also designed many posters for the London Underground.
Early life
Bird was born in London on 17 December 1887, the son of Arthur Bird, a company director. He was educated at Cheltenham College and King's College London (B.Sc). While at King's College he attended evening art classes at the Regent Street Polytechnic and at the School of Photo-Engraving in Bolt Court.
He was seriously injured at the Battle of Gallipoli during World War I and invalided out of the British Army.
Career
Bird first contributed to Punch in 1916, while convalescing, and also contributed to several other British newspapers and magazines, including the Graphic and Tatler. His pen name was based on the fougasse, a type of mine.
As one of the best known cartoonists of the time, he was one of 170 authors who created doll-sized books exclusively for Queen Mary's Dolls' House; his illustrated verse tale, written on postage stamp-sized pages, was published as a regular-sized hardback in 2012 by the Royal Collection and Walker Books.
In the course of the 1920s and 1930s, his drawings evolved from the traditionally representational to an innovative, spare, style that was both unique and popular, featuring in many advertising campaigns as well as in magazine editorial. He became art editor of Punch from 1937 to 1949, then editor until 1953. He was the only cartoonist ever to edit the magazine. During World War II, he worked unpaid for the Ministry of Information, designing humorous but effective propaganda posters including the famous "Careless Talk Costs Lives" series. For this work he was awarded the honour of Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1946. In 1951 he was elected as Master of the Art Workers' Guild.
He illustrated and co-wrote several humorous books with W. D. H. McCullough. These included the very successful Aces Made Easy – or Pons asinorum in a nutshell, on the subject of contract bridge, in 1934, and You Have Been Warned – A Complete Guide to the Road, in 1935.
In the mid-1950s, he taught at the Christian Science Sunday School in the Sloane Square church, which has since been converted into the Cadogan Hall concert hall. He died in London, aged 77.
Legacy
Since 2009 his cartoon of a butler carrying a tray has been used to illustrate the front page of British Airways' First Class menus, continuing an association with the airline which goes back to the 1930s when Fougasse penned advertising posters for BA's forerunner, Imperial Airways.
Personal life
Bird married Mary Holden Caldwell on 16 September 1914.
References
Further reading
External links
UK National Archives: The Art of War: Fougasse
Lambiek "Comiclopedia": Fougasse
Spartacus: Fougasse
Fougasse*s Punch Illustrations in HeidICON
1887 births
1965 deaths
Fougasse (Kenneth Bird)
Fougasse (Kenneth Bird)
Bird, Kenneth
Alumni of King's College London
Fellows of King's College London
English cartoonists
Punch (magazine) cartoonists
The New Yorker cartoonists
Artists' Rifles soldiers
British Christian Scientists
Masters of the Art Worker's Guild |
4028690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%27s%20World | Jane's World | Jane's World was a comic strip by cartoonist Paige Braddock that ran from March 1998 to October 2018. Featuring lesbian and bisexual women characters, the strip stars Jane Wyatt, a young lesbian living in a trailer in Northern California with her straight male roommate, Ethan, and follows her life with her circle of friends, romances, and exes. Shortly after celebrating its 20th anniversary, publication ended with Jane marrying Dorothy.
The comic strip is notable for being the first gay-themed comic work to receive online distribution by a national newspaper syndicate in the United States. In 2006, Paige Braddock was nominated for an Eisner Award as Best Writer/Artist–Humor for Jane's World.
Comic strip
Braddock created Jane's World so that women, particularly lesbians, would have a comic strip character that they could relate to, though it's meant to be accessible to a wider audience. Braddock devised Jane in 1991 but never actually put her onto paper until 1998, and began publishing on the Internet in late March.
In 2001, United Media's Comics.com website picked up reprints of Jane's World, making it the first gay-themed work to receive distribution by a national media syndicate.
In April 2002, it was picked up for print syndication by United Media's United Feature Syndicate. They began publishing new works in 2007.
In addition to web and newspaper publication, Braddock published the strip in a comic book format through her own publication house, "Girl Twirl Comics". The trade paperback versions feature covers created by different artists.
Characters
Jane's World characters are all friends, to various degrees, and romantic interests of Jane; along with the occasional ex-girlfriend, coworker, and boss in the mix.
Jane
The protagonist of Jane’s World is Jane Wyatt. Her middle name, Tiberius, was given by her dad, a Star Trek fan. She is a white, soft butch, lesbian, who is in and out of jobs, in and out of housing, in and out of comical blunders and cosmic dimensions, and in and out of relationships. Jane has run-ins with exes as well as the Log Cabin Republicans, The Star League of The Last Starfighter, Amazon Island, zombies, to name a few.
Rusty
Jane's mixed-breed dog. He has a brown ring around his left eye. The comic strip begins with a Rusty storyline that introduces Jane and her circle of friends and family.
Dorothy
Jane's best friend, and on-again, off-again girlfriend. Dorothy runs the coffee shop, Hard Drive Cafe, where many of the comic strip's plots take place. Unbeknownst to either of them, their mothers tried to play matchmakers and arranged for Jane and Dorothy to get together one evening. Things heated up between them but Jane became confused after Skye showed her some interest. The comic strip concludes with Jane and Dorothy getting married.
Ethan
Jane's straight male roommate and best dude. Their romantic relationships with women often get in the way of their friendship. Ethan has a gay brother named, Julian.
Chelle
Chelle is visually reminiscent of Trinity in The Matrix. She rides a motorcycle, has a special ops background, and a past she is trying to get away from. Despite her coolness, Chelle dates Jane, and remains a good friend post breakup.
Dorrie
Jane's co-worker at The Daily News and friend. Dorrie is African American, a lesbian, and has a crush on Chelle.
Archie
Jane's co-worker at The Daily News and friend. Archie is Asian American, straight, and is not amused by Jane's antics at work or in her relationships.
Skye
One of Jane's love interests who works at The Garden of Vegan diner. She unsuccessfully tries to get Jane to eat healthier while they're dating. She's also a surfer.
Jill
Chelle's on-again, off-again girlfriend. She was Chelle's former partner on the police force, and prior to that, a United States Navy diver. She is often portrayed as Jane's nemesis. Jill never has a problem attracting women.
Talia
An ex-girlfriend of Jane's that pops in and out of the strip. She's bisexual and went to college with Jane.
Bud
Jane's laid-back cousin and car mechanic.
Shallow Breast Guy
Based on cartoonist Stephan Pastis, creator of Pearls Before Swine, this character appears only occasionally as a breast-obsessed, straight male. Shallow Breast Guy is drawn to look like Pastis. He once took control of the strip and drew Jane's World in the style of Pearls Before Swine, endowing the women with large breasts and portraying them as hyper-sexualized, thereby earning his nickname. In turn, Pastis has featured Braddock's wiener dog Andy (and, less frequently, Olive) in his strip.
Books
Love Letters to Jane's World, Lion Forge, 2018
Jane's World: The Case of the Mail Order Bride, Bold Strokes Books, 2016
Jane's World, Volume 11, Girl Twirl Comics, 2014
Jane's World, Volume 10, The New Frontier, Girl Twirl Comics, 2011
Jane's World, Volume 9, Girl Twirl Comics, 2009
Jane's World, Volume 8, Girl Twirl Comics, 2008
Jane's World, Collection 1 (first 15 issues), Girl Twirl Comics, 2007
Jane's World, Volume 7, Girl Twirl Comics, 2007
Jane's World, Volume 6, Girl Twirl Comics, 2006
Jane's World, Volume 5, Girl Twirl Comics, 2006
Jane's World, Volume 4, Girl Twirl Comics, 2006
Jane's World, Volume 3, Girl Twirl Comics, 2005
Jane's World, Volume 2, Girl Twirl Comics, 2004
Jane's World, Volume 1, Girl Twirl Comics, 2003
See also
List of female comics creators
List of feminist comic books
List of webcomics with LGBT characters
Dykes to Watch Out For
Hothead Paisan: Homicidal Lesbian Terrorist
Wimmen's Comix
References
Further reading
Paige Braddock
Miscellaneous
External links
Jane's World at GoComics
Paige Braddock's website
(book review)
1998 webcomic debuts
2018 webcomic endings
1990s webcomics
2000s webcomics
2010s webcomics
1990s LGBT literature
2000s LGBT literature
2010s LGBT literature
Adult comics
Comics about women
Feminist comics
Fictional lesbians
Lesbian feminist mass media
Lesbian fiction
Lesbian-related comics
LGBT-related webcomics
Lesbian-related mass media in the United States
LGBT literature in the United States |
4028695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbag%20%28disambiguation%29 | Sandbag (disambiguation) | A sandbag is an obstruction device commonly used in flood control and temporary military fortifications.
Sandbag may also refer to:
A sand-filled punching bag or weight bag.
A bean bag with very fine-particled fillings like sand, grounded grain/husk or polyvinyl pellets.
Sandbag (Smash Bros.), a character from Super Smash Bros. Melee.
Sandbag (non-profit organisation), a campaign group for reduction of carbon emissions.
, the term used for deceptively hiding the strength, skill or difficulty of something or someone early in an engagement.
Sandbag in the sense of bullying or ganging up.
See also
The Sandbaggers, a British TV series from the late 1970s |
4028710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheres%20of%20Justice | Spheres of Justice | Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality is a 1983 book by the philosopher Michael Walzer.
Summary
Walzer argues in favour of an idea he calls "complex equality", and against the view that goods with different meaning and content can be lumped together into the larger category of primary goods, as is advocated by John Rawls, in his A Theory of Justice (1971).
Reception
Spheres of Justice has, together with Just and Unjust Wars (1977) and Interpretation and Social Criticism (1987), been identified as one of Walzer's most important works by the philosopher Will Kymlicka.
References
Bibliography
External links
preview through Google Books (large images)
1983 non-fiction books
Basic Books books
Books by Michael Walzer
Books in political philosophy
English-language books |
4028713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hou%20Wang%20Temple | Hou Wang Temple | The Hou Wang Temple is a heritage-listed former temple and now museum at Herberton Road, Atherton, Tablelands Region, Queensland, Australia. Built in 1903, it is one of the oldest original Chinese temples in Australasia. It is also known as Hou Wang Miau, Atherton Joss House and Atherton Chinese Temple.
It is one of only two or three temples outside China known to be dedicated to Hou Wang and is the only surviving timber and iron temple in Queensland. The temple contains a substantial number of original artifacts. Most were made in China during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, especially for this temple. They include a clapperless bell manufactured about 1895 and numerous intricately carved timber panels. It was once the socio-religious focus for over 1,000 Chinese residents who worked as timber cutters, market gardeners and maize growers.
The temple and the land it stands on was purchased by a group of Chinese families, who donated it to the National Trust of Queensland. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992. The temple's restoration was completed on 15 September 2002, and it now includes an art gallery and interpretation centre. The temple and gallery are open to the public six days a week, (closed Mondays).
History
The Atherton Chinese Temple was built in 1903 by the community of the Chinatown at Atherton using local materials for construction and furnishings ordered especially from China. It provided a social and spiritual focus for over a thousand people in the township and the surrounding area.
Atherton Chinatown was one of many small settlements that developed in Australia during the nineteenth century as homes for the Chinese sojourners who arrived in great numbers to work on the goldfields. Most of these Chinese were males who came from poor areas in south west China and intended to work here until they had gathered enough capital to assure their financial security on their return home. For mutual support and to maintain contacts with their homeland, they lived and worked together, creating such Chinatowns within European settlements, or on their fringes.
Chinese diggers flocked to north Queensland in the 1870s in large numbers following the discovery of gold on the Palmer River and on the Hodgkinson. They were regarded with suspicion and hostility by Europeans, who they greatly outnumbered, and were barred from working on newly discovered mineral fields. Because of this, and as the Palmer River field was faded in importance, most Chinese moved south looking for other means to make a living.
They arrived in the Atherton area in the early 1880s, working with European timber getters, and set up a camp on the opposite side of Piebald Creek to the tiny European settlement of Prior's Pocket. In 1885, this area was surveyed and officially named Atherton. Land sales took place and although the Chinese were not allowed to own land, many entered into leases with Europeans and began farming. They grew fruit and vegetables to supply nearby towns and pioneered the growing of maize in north Queensland, which became an important commercial crop. Chinatown grew to service Chinese people in and around Atherton and by 1897 was a thriving residential and commercial centre.
In the 1890s, it was decided to built a temple to serve what was now quite a large community. Funds were collected and furnishings were ordered from China. In 1903, the temple was constructed of local cedar and black bean timber and corrugated iron. Brick was the material usually chosen for temples in Australia and the painting of the front wall to resemble this material suggests that the community would have preferred brick, had it been readily available. The temple complex consisted of a temple dedicated to the god Hou Wang, a feasting hall, kitchen and store. It had living quarters for a caretaker and provided accommodation for those visiting the temple from the outlying district. During the 1900s, when Chinatown was at the height of its importance, the temple was a social and spiritual centre for over a thousand people.
Following the First World War, Chinese leases on agricultural land in the district were revoked in favour of soldier settlers. During the nineteen twenties, most of the inhabitants of Chinatown and the surrounding farms moved south or to nearby coastal towns. Many of the buildings in Chinatown were demolished and removed, some being reused locally. A caretaker remained at the temple which was used by a few old men who remained in the township.
Although some repairs were carried out, without a community to support it, the temple fell into disrepair. A cyclone in 1956 blew away the pagoda, which was replaced by a lean-to. Damage also occurred from water leakage. In the 1960s artefacts were removed from the temple, including the image of Hou Wang and other gods. Some of these artefacts have since been returned. The temple was used intermittently for worship until the early 1970s and contains objects connected with this later use. The land on which the temple stands was purchased in 1965 by several local Chinese families.
In 1975, the National Trust of Queensland, who had been aware of the temple for some time, gained funding to begin investigative work. In 1977 the area was surveyed, as the Fong On family had offered the temple to the Trust to ensure its preservation. At about the same time cataloging of the remaining artefacts in the temple began. The temple was transferred to the Trust in 1980 and conservation work on the buildings began. It is now interpreted as a place museum.
Description
The temple complex is situated in an open, grassed area which is the site of the former Chinatown. Its positioning suggests that geomancy was used to select the most auspicious site and alignment for the buildings. The complex consists of a temple, hall, kitchen and store constructed of corrugated iron and local timbers in a traditional Chinese form.
The buildings are marked off from the street by an ornamental picket fence and gate which have been reconstructed from photographs and archaeological investigation. The temple building is fronted by a pagoda consisting of the upper section of the original roof mounted on a new base. Inside, the space is divided into an entrance area separated by doors from the area which contains the altar and a heavenly well. This is a section of raised pagoda roof which is designed to admit light and to allow incense to rise from the large burner below. It is glazed to keep out rain and is supported on posts which display a deliberate irregularity to symbolize human imperfection.
The interior of the temple is lined with unpainted cedar and is decorated with carvings, painted metal wall panels and temple furnishings which were imported from China. Much of the carving is embellished with vermilion and gold paint.
On the left side of the building as one faces the altar, a door provides access to the adjacent community hall. This is a plainer, more functional building and contains a bedroom for the caretaker, and a room for meetings and ceremonial banquets. There is a clerestory similar to the one in the temple and evidence of Chinese notices and graffiti survive on the unpainted walls. Behind the hall are two small buildings which contained a store and kitchen. Both are timber framed and clad, unpainted inside with earth floors. The kitchen has a galvanised fire recess. Much of these two buildings has been reconstructed.
The buildings are raised on hardwood stumps. Structural members are made of black bean (Castanospermum australe) and the ceilings, wall linings and joinery are made from red cedar (Toona australis). Red Penda and Kalantis have been substituted for these no longer common timbers where reconstruction work was necessary for conservation. Both of these timbers are very close to the original in appearance.
Paths edged with upturned bottles, an indentation which indicates the position of the pig roasting pit and archaeological remains survive. Artefacts which were placed in temporary storage are being replaced in the temple as they are conserved. These include carvings, carved banners and the temple bell on its stand. There are also substantial archaeological collections.
Heritage listing
The Atherton Chinese Temple was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
As a temple complex which serviced a major Chinese settlement and farming community on the Atherton Tablelands, it is important in demonstrating the role which the Chinese played in the development of north Queensland.
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.
It is the only surviving timber and iron temple in Queensland; is the only temple outside China known to be dedicated to Hou Wang and contains a substantial number of original artefacts.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland's history.
It has the potential to contribute to an understanding of Queensland's history by demonstrating aspects of the lifestyle and beliefs of Chinese sojourners in Queensland.
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.
It has aesthetic qualities which are valued by the community and reflects the cultural traditions that the Chinese brought with them to Australia.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
It has a special association with the Chinese community of Atherton who made an important contribution to the development of agriculture in the area.
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.
It has a special association with the Chinese community of Atherton who made an important contribution to the development of agriculture in the area.
See also
Holy Triad Temple, heritage-listed temple at 32 Higgs Street, Albion, City of Brisbane, Queensland
Yiu Ming Temple, heritage-listed Chinese temple at 16-22 Retreat Street, Alexandria, City of Sydney, New South Wales
Sze Yup Temple, heritage-listed Chinese temple at Victoria Road in the inner western Sydney suburb of Glebe, City of Sydney, New South Wales
List of National Trust properties in Australia
References
Attribution
Further reading
Grimwade, Gordon (2003), "Rediscovering Atherton Chinatown", in Locality Community History Magazine, Australian Centre for Public History, Broadway, NSW.
Grimwade, Gordon (1995), "Of Gods, Timber and Maize: Cultural Heritage Management at Cedar Camp Atherton Chinatown, Queensland", in Histories of the Chinese in Australasia and the South Pacific, Museum of Chinese Australian History, Melbourne.
External links
Hou Wang Temple homepage
Chinese temple returns from the dead (ABC Online)
Queensland Heritage Register
National Trust of Australia
Atherton, Queensland
Buildings and structures in Far North Queensland
Temples in Queensland
Temples in Chinese folk religion
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1903
Chinese-Australian culture
Asian-Australian culture in Queensland
Chinese-Australian history
Ethnic museums in Australia
Museums in Queensland
Museums of Chinese culture abroad
Tourist attractions in Far North Queensland
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register |
4028714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Leagas | Patrick Leagas | Patrick Leagas is a British musician. Leagas was a founding member of Death In June. After leaving Death In June in 1985 during a tour in Italy, Leagas formed Sixth Comm in 1986 and began working under the name Patrick O-Kill. Sixth Comm frequently collaborated with the Dutch neopagan Freya Aswynn and expressed neopagan themes. Leagas later met vocalist Amodali at a Liverpool club in 1989. The two collaborated extensively in the 1990s as Mother Destruction, which released five albums with pagan themes and influences from electronic dance music. After this, Leagas left music for a period of time when he focused on family life and lived abroad. He returned to music with a double album with Sixth Comm in 2006.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Death in June members
British Modern Pagans
Performers of Modern Pagan music |
4028727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive%20pump | Inductive pump | An Inductive pump is a magnetically regulated positive displacement pump used to pump liquids and gases. It is capable of handling many corrosive chemicals as well as solvents and gases. It is characterized by a single piston that reciprocates within a magnetic field and therefore doesn’t require a dynamic seal to link the piston to an outside mechanical power source. Check valves are placed at both ends of the piston housing allowing the simultaneous suctioning and pumping that reverses with each stroke. This is known to reduce pulsations especially at higher flow rates. The piston and housing are constructed of materials that are inert to many liquids and gasses. Because the piston and housing are non-plastic materials the positive displacement chamber does not change in dimension from flexing and distortion thus allowing inductive pumps to remain very accurate with no significant changes over time. Inductive pumps are extremely accurate as each stroke contains the same volume created by a solid piston inside a solid chamber. The number of strokes can be counted or timed to determine the total volume delivered. They can be used in sterile and controlled environments as they will not leak to the outside of the housing even if the piston has experienced wear.
Efficiency
Inductive pumps are considered highly accurate and energy efficient. Inductive pumps use two primary parameters to control flow, they are Rate and Dwell. Rate is used to determine the number of strokes per second or in any given time interval. Dwell is used to control the length of time the energizing coil remains on during the Rate cycle. Essentially if the piston has completed its stroke and is waiting for the reverse cycle to occur, there is no need to continue energizing the coil as most of this energy will be converted to heat as no more work is being done by the piston. The Dwell setting allows adjustment of this ON time during the rate cycle. Also the Dwell setting allows for a true pressure control parameter for the pump. By reducing the Dwell time even further one can reduce the total energy applied to the piston during the pumping cycle. This can reduce the maximum output pressure during pumping. This differs from many other pumps as they commonly reduce flow to reduce pressure in a given circumstance, however if an occlusion occurs to the output channel other pumps tend to build up to their maximum pressure until they either burst the tubing or damage their internal mechanism. Inductive pumps can be shut off at the outlet and will not exceed the pressure they are set at. Pumping against a closed output does not cause damage to the pump.
History
The Inductive Pump was first patented in the United States by Laurence R. Salamey in 1998 U.S. patent number 5 713 728 and again in 1999 U.S. patent number 5 899 672. An additional patent has been filed for in 2014 by Salamey. The pump was originally designed as an improvement to peristaltic and diaphragm pumps as they were susceptible to fracturing of the pumping chamber with use due to their flexing of plastic parts. Inductive pumps were found to be an improvement to accuracy and length of service before repairs were required. Over time Salamey continued to develop his understanding of magnetic fields and their use for propagation of force with the inductive pump. This has led to further refinements and increased efficiency. Additionally inductive pumps have developed the ability to achieve much higher pressures in excess of 3,000 psi. The same inductive pump technology can be applied to very small pumps delivering volumes in the micro-liter range to much larger pumps delivering volumes in the 10 gallon per minute range. Understanding of magnetic field propagation has led to increased design simplicity which is a hallmark of inductive pumps. There are very few moving parts and no mechanical linkages. The piston is the only moving part aside from the check valves and it is driven by an electrically controlled magnetic field.
Applications
Inductive pumps have been used in many different applications such as the following:
Industrial chemical feed systems
Water Treatment chemical injection process
Oil bearing lubrication of industrial pump and motor bearings (Block and Budris, 2004)
Automotive pumping systems i.e. fuel pumps, vacuum pumps, exhaust treatment pumps etc.
Micro-liter disbursement of flavoring in food manufacturing
High Pressure injection of chemicals into oil and gas transfer lines
Industrial waste water treatment before discharge
Industrial laundry chemical feed systems
Sub-oceanic in situ mass spectroscopy environmental testing
Environmental sampling and chemical treatment dosing
Important design characteristics
Inductive pumps use both sides of the piston to pump and suction simultaneously. This means that both sides of the pump piston are always experiencing the inlet pressure at a minimum until the pressure cycle that would exceed the inlet pressure. This may be interpreted as meaning the net head pressure in a closed circuit, at the beginning of a stroke cycle, is always zero. Therefore, inductive pumps may be used in very high pressure closed circuits to circulate liquids at very low differential pressures. Essentially the inductive pump does not have to overcome the closed system pressure in order to move liquid in the system. This results in far less use of energy to move liquid with the circuit. This also provides additional circulation without any dynamic seals that could eventually leak to the outside of the system.
Additionally inductive pumps may also be connected in series to approximately double the pressure while not increasing the volume. They may also be connected in parallel to approximately double the volume while not increasing the pressure. Most positive displacement pumps cannot increase output pressure when placed in series as they both stop when they reach their max operating pressure. The inductive pumps add to each other due to the zero differential seen on the second pump from the first pump.
Technology
The fundamental basis for induced voltage in a magnetic field comes from Faraday's law describing an induced electromotive force (EMF) as follows:
Emf = -N (∆Φb / ∆t)
(Nave, C. R. 2011).
This implies that as the number of magnetic flux lines increase or decrease there is a subsequent change in induced voltage of negative or positive polarity. However the relationship of electric forces and magnetic forces were summed up in the Lorentz Force Law as:
F = qE + qv x B.
Here, all three forces were found to be perpendicular to each other (Nave, a, 2011). Thus Lorentz gave a specially oriented direction to each of the forces, allowing prediction of the direction of forces within the inductive pump architecture. Salamey further investigated the relationship of magnetic flux to circumferential area about the magnetic field where most of the magnetic forces were found to create mechanical forces used to direct the motion of the piston. Salamey further describes, in his second patent, the incorporation of a magnetic field gap. The gap is defined as a region of non-magnetic conduction circumferentially located at either end of the piston bore. The magnetic gap allows for increased propagation of magnetic flux through the magnetic piston body causing an increased force pulling the piston towards the magnetic end-pole (Salamey, 1999).
Efficiencies
Inductive pumps are designed for increased efficiency and were intended to reduce energy consumption in an environment that is increasingly demanding energy conservation. Most electric motors are, on average, about 85% efficient as evidenced by the usual stall test that shows a marked increase in current draw when the motor is stopped mechanically. Inductive pumps show no increase in current draw when stalled during operation as better than 95% of the current is being used to create a force on the piston.
There are very few mechanical losses compared to conventional piston pumps and other technologies because there are no mechanical linkages between the piston and outside power sources. The inductive pump piston is driven directly by the magnetic field formed within the body structure about the bore and within the piston. There are minimal friction losses between the piston and bore due to a circumferential magnetic field that pulls the piston equally in all directions towards the wall of the bore. The resulting force is more axial along the path of the piston creating output pressure. Most other pumps use different types of gear reduction mechanisms to slow the motor rotation when driving the piston. These linkages result in significant energy losses in addition to the inefficiencies of the motor.
Inductive pumps use various proprietary coatings to reduce friction drag and increase efficiency. Specific models of inductive pumps incorporate a seal-less ceramic interface with matching ceramic bore and piston interfaces ground to close tolerances that do not require use of elastic seals. Ceramic interfaces are inert to extremely caustic industrial acids, alkalis, and solvents.
References
Block, H. & Budris, A. (2004) Pump user’s handbook: life extension. Lilburn, GA: The Fairmont Press, Inc.
Nave, C. R. "Faraday's Law". HyperPhysics. Georgia State University. Retrieved 19 August 2014.
Nave, C. R. (a) “Lorentz Force Law” HyperPhysics. Georgia State University. Retrieved 19 August 2014.
Salamey, L. (1999). U S. Patent Not. 5,899,672. Washington, D C: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Whelan, P. M., Hodgeson, M. J., (1978). Essential Principles of Physics (2nd ed.). 1978, John Murray,
Pumps |
4028731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westgate%20Resorts | Westgate Resorts | Westgate Resorts is an American timeshare resort company founded by David A. Siegel in 1982.
The company first expanded from Central Florida to Miami and Daytona Beach. As of July 2021, Westgate Resorts has 29 locations across the United States.
History
Founded in 1982, Westgate Resorts operates as a subsidiary of Central Florida Investments, Inc. (CFI), which employs over 10,000 people and has evolved into the largest privately held corporation in the Central Florida area. Siegel opened CFI, a real estate development firm, with an office located in his family garage in 1970.
The Westgate family of resorts was born in 1982 with the opening of a 16-unit resort at Westgate Vacation Villas. Westgate Lakes Resort & Spa opened in 1996, followed by Westgate Towers in 1997; Westgate Town Center and Westgate Smoky Mountain Resort & Spa in 1999; Westgate Flamingo Bay in 2001; Westgate Blue Tree Resort, Westgate Park City Resort & Spa and Westgate River Ranch in 2002; and Westgate Palace and Westgate Historic Williamsburg in 2003.
Westgate Resorts now encompasses more than 13,500 villas at 28 full-service resorts. Siegel was recognized as a CEO of the Year honoree by the Orlando Business Journal in 2014.
In 2016 Westgate Smoky Mountain Resort suffered extensive damage from a fire, rebuilding is said to have begun quickly. In May 2018, musician Barry Manilow returned to Las Vegas as the exclusive headliner at the Westgate International Theater at Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino. In June 2018, Westgate acquired the former Hilton New York Grand Central, a 23-floor, 300-room, two-tower hotel located in the historic Tudor City neighborhood within Midtown Manhattan's East Side that has been rebranded Westgate New York City.
Philanthropy
Westgate Resorts operates the Westgate Foundation, which was started in 2001, and gives out more than $2 million annually to charities and causes in communities where Westgate Resorts employees live and work. The Westgate CareForce provides volunteer help not only for Westgate Foundation projects, but also to support the programs and events of charities in the local community. More than 50,000 hours of volunteer time have been given by members of the Westgate CareForce in support of charities located in our resort communities.
As part of Westgate Resorts’ commitment to the community, the company covers all the Foundation’s administrative costs. One hundred percent of the money donated to the Foundation helps Westgate team members during a qualifying unforeseen emergency, and to great nonprofits in Westgate’s resort communities that support the Foundation. In addition, every year Westgate Resorts proudly host a FREE weekend celebration for our military, veteran, and gold star families as our small way of saying "thank you!"
The Queen of Versailles
In 2012, filmmaker Lauren Greenfield released a documentary entitled The Queen of Versailles, based on a series of interviews with Siegel, his wife Jackie Siegel, and their attempt to build a 90,000 square foot mansion, Versailles house, modeled after the famous French original. In the film, David Siegel is shown struggling (and ultimately failing) to secure funding for Westgate's Las Vegas high-rise resort, the PH Towers Westgate. Siegel's son and senior Westgate executive, Richard, is quoted as saying that David Siegel's determination not to lose the PH Tower was a major source of the company's financial troubles in 2009-11. On November 22, 2011, a controlling interest in the property was sold to Resort Finance America LLC.
Lawsuits
Legal dispute with building contractor
Westgate Resorts was sued in a federal court in Las Vegas for failure to pay bills relating to the pH Towers and building work allegedly carried out to a poor standard. On February 27, 2013, Clark County District Judge Elizabeth Gonzalez ordered Westgate Resorts to pay the plaintiff, Tutor-Saliba Corp., $9 million in unpaid bills, and awarded $2.6m to Westgate for various shoddy building works including a cracked concrete swimming pool.
Class action lawsuit
Westgate Resorts was sued by 300 former sales employees in 2010 for unpaid sales commissions. They won the lawsuit and Westgate Resorts were ordered to pay $600,000. Despite paying $50,000 initially, Westgate stopped payment and the matter went back to the courts for another three years. The matter was finally settled under Judge Michael Baxley, and Westgate agreed to pay $500,000, $100,000 less than the original judgement required.
In January 2014, Westgate Resorts filed dozens of new lawsuits against many of its former employees who were involved with this class action lawsuit, claiming that it deserves to recover previously paid sales commissions. According to the Orlando Sentinel, many of those included in these new lawsuits feel that these new legal actions are "...retaliation for the award granted to the defendant in a class action lawsuit," and one of the lawyers representing the former Westgate employees is quoted as saying that the action is "unconscionable".
United States of America versus Westgate Resorts Ltd
On January 20, 2009, Westgate Resorts Ltd. was found guilty and had to settle with the US Government for its violations of the Telemarketing Sales Rule ("Rule"), 16 C.F.R. Part 310, including the National Do Not Call Registry provisions. As part of its settlement with the US Government, it had to pay a $900,000 fine.
Sexual harassment lawsuit
In 2004, Central Florida Investments and David Siegel were sued by former Westgate employee Dawn Myers. In 2008, they were found liable for battery after a trial in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. The jury awarded $5,378,863.14 but the judge reduced the award to $610,469.84: $103,622.09 in compensatory damages and $506,847.75 in punitive damages. This award arose from Myers's claim of battery under state law, but her claims of sexual harassment were found to be time-barred. In January 2010, The United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit dismissed an appeal and cross-appeal, affirming the district court's verdict.
Lawsuit against the Sundance Institute and the filmmakers of The Queen of Versailles
On January 10, 2012, David Siegel and Westgate Resorts, Ltd filed a lawsuit in Florida against the Sundance Institute and the filmmakers of The Queen of Versailles, claiming that Sundance's published film description was defamatory. On January 23, 2013, the United States District Court Judge Conway of the Middle District of Florida, ordered a stay of the lawsuit pending arbitration. In her order, Judge Conway called the testimony previously offered by Mr. Siegel during court hearings, "inconsistent and incredible and thus lacking weight".
The matter was subsequently heard before an arbitrator for the Independent Film & Television Alliance (IFTA) in June 2013. On March 13, 2014, the arbitrator awarded in favor of the filmmakers, Lauren Greenfield and Frank Evers, including an order that David Siegel and Westgate Resort pay $750,000 to the filmmakers.
The arbitrator wrote in the award, "Having viewed the supposedly egregious portions of the Motion Picture numerous times, [the Arbitrator] simply does not find that any of the content of the Motion Picture was false." The arbitrator also wrote that Westgate had failed to show how it was damaged from the documentary. Finally, the arbitrator wrote that Westgate "did not remotely establish the type of malice required for a defamation claim on behalf of a public figure."
Political controversy
CEO David Siegel, a Republican, sent an email in the fall of 2012 to all of his employees suggesting that he might "reduce the size of this company" if Obama were to win the 2012 presidential election. The email was widely interpreted by the media as a threat to the employees about possible layoffs if Barack Obama were to be re-elected.
Siegel admitted in the documentary The Queen of Versailles as to possibly illegal activities in Florida during the 2000 United States elections, which he claims were singularly responsible for getting George W. Bush into the White House.
In an August 2012 interview with Bloomberg Businessweek, Siegel elaborated on his claims:
References
External links
Timeshare Division
Westgate Events
Westgate Owner Rewards
Real estate companies of the United States
Companies based in Orlando, Florida
Siegel family
Timeshare chains
Real estate companies established in 1982
Hospitality companies established in 1982
American companies established in 1982
1982 establishments in Florida
1982 establishments in the United States |
4028735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Madagascar at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Madagascar competed in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. The country's participation at the Games marked its Winter Olympics debut, although it had competed in the Summer Olympics since 1964. The delegation consisted of a single alpine skier, Mathieu Razanakolona, who did not win any medals.
Background
Madagascar first competed at the Summer Olympics at the 1964 Games in Tokyo, Japan. They participated on nine occasions prior to the 2006 Winter Olympics, where they made their Winter Olympics debut in Turin, Italy. They sent a single alpine skier, Mathieu Razanakolona.
Razanakolona was born in Quebec, Canada; his mother was Canadian but his father was from Madagascar. He and his brother Philippe sought to bring international attention to the African island nation of Madagascar by having Mathieu become the first person to represent the country at the Winter Olympics. While Mathieu competed in the skiing, Philippe ran the non-profit organisation rAzAlpin.org to support this. Prior to the Turin Games, Mathieu had competed in a single FIS Alpine Ski World Cup event in Schladming, Austria, where he was disqualified after straddling a gate.
Alpine skiing
The sole Malagasy athlete at the Games, Mathieu Razanakolona, competed in the men's giant slalom and slalom. He was the flag bearer at both the opening and closing ceremonies.
Competing in the giant slalom on 20 February, he finished his first run in a time of one minute and 39.1 seconds, placing him in 43rd place out of the 47 skiers who completed the run. His second run of the day saw an improvement in both time and placement, finishing in 31st place with a time of one minute and 27.33 seconds. This placed him in 39th place overall, with a combined time of three minutes and 6.43 seconds, only ahead of China's Li Guangxu and Ivan Borisov of Kyrgyzstan. However, his slalom competition was not as successful, as he failed to finish his first run, thus eliminating himself from the competition.
Alpine skiing
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
Winter Olympics |
4028737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20Lib/Dream%20Machines | Computer Lib/Dream Machines | Computer Lib/Dream Machines is a 1974 book by Ted Nelson, printed as a two-front-cover paperback to indicate its "intertwingled" nature. Originally self-published by Nelson, it was republished with a foreword by Stewart Brand in 1987 by Microsoft Press.
In Steven Levy's book Hackers, Computer Lib is described as "the epic of the computer revolution, the bible of the hacker dream. [Nelson] was stubborn enough to publish it when no one else seemed to think it was a good idea."
Published just before the release of the Altair 8800 kit, Computer Lib is often considered the first book about the personal computer.
Background
Prior to the initial release of Computer Lib/Dream Machines, Nelson was working on the first hypertext project, Project Xanadu, founded in 1960. An integral part to the Xanadu vision was computing technology and the freedom he believed came with it. These ideas were later compiled and elaborated upon in the 1974 text, around the time when locally networked computers had appeared and Nelson found global networks as a space for the hypertext system.
Synopsis
Computer Lib
In Computer Lib. You can and must understand computers NOW, Nelson covers both the technical and political aspects of computers.
Nelson attempts to explain computers to the laymen during a time when personal computers had not yet become mainstream and anticipated the machine being open for anyone to use. Nelson writes about the need for people to understand computers more deeply than was generally promoted as computer literacy, which he considers a superficial kind of familiarity with particular hardware and software. His rallying cry "Down with Cybercrud" is against the centralization of computers such as that performed by IBM at the time, as well as against what he sees as the intentional untruths that "computer people" tell to non-computer people to keep them from understanding computers.
Dream Machines
Dream Machines. New Freedom through Computer Screens- a Minority Report, is the opposite of the Computer Lib side. Nelson explores what he believes is the future of computers and the alternative uses for them. This side was his counterculture approach to how computers had typically been used.
Nelson covers the flexible media potential of the computer, which was shockingly new at the time. He saw the use of hypermedia and hypertext, both terms he coined, being beneficial for creativity and education. He urged readers to look at the computer not as just a scientific machine, but as an interactive machine that can be accessible to anyone.
In this section, Nelson also described the details of Project Xanadu. He proposed the idea of a future Xanadu Network, where users could shop at Xanadu stands and access material from global storage systems.
Format
Both the 1974 and 1987 editions have an unconventional layout, with two front covers. The Computer Lib cover features a raised fist in a computer. Once flipped over, the Dream Machines cover shows a man with a cape flying with a finger pointed to a screen. The division between the two sides is marked by text (for the other side) rotated 180°.
The book was stylistically influenced by Stewart Brand's Whole Earth Catalog. The text itself is broken up into many sections, with simulated pull-quotes, comics, sidebars, etc., similar to a magazine layout.
According to Steven Levy, Nelson's format requirements for the book's "over-sized pages loaded with print so small you could hardly read it, along with scribbled notations, and manically amateurish drawings" may have contributed to the difficulty of finding a publisher for the first edition - Nelson paid 2,000 dollars out of his own pocket for the first print run of several hundred copies.
Besides the Whole Earth Catalog, the layout also bore similarities to the People's Computer Company (PCC) newsletter, published by a Menlo Park based group of the same name, where Nelson's book would gain (as described by Levy) "a cult following ... Ted Nelson was treated like royalty at [PCC] potluck dinners."
Neologisms
In Computer Lib, Nelson introduced a few words that he coined :
Cybercrud: "the author's own term for the practice of putting things over on people using computers (especially, forcing them to adapt to a rigid, inflexible, poorly thought out system)". In the text, Nelson puts forth the rallying cry "Down with Cybercrud!"
Hypertext: originally coined in 1965, is text displayed which references other information that a user can access. Nelson explores the types of the term and its future in computers greatly within Computer Lib. Some include:
Chunk style consists of 'chunks' of separate text or media connected by links.
Stretch text is text that extends itself. Instead of linking, it zooms in depending on the detail needed.
Intertwingularity: Nelson says "Everything is deeply intertwingled". He says that all subjects and information are connected. The term comes from the merging of intertwined and intermingled.
Fantics: "the art and science of getting ideas across, both emotionally and cognitively". Nelson explains this as the audience receiving feelings while also receiving information from content.
Legacy
After its release, it drew an underground following from media theorists to computer hackers. In his book Tools for Thought, Howard Rheingold calls Computer Lib "the best-selling underground manifesto of the microcomputer revolution."
It has since been referred to as "the most influential book in the history of computational media", as well as "the most important book in the history of new media" in The New Media Reader.
One of the most widely adopted ideas from Computer Lib was Ted Nelson's "chunk-style" hypertext. This type of hypertext is used in most websites today.
As the book came out before the first personal computer and its rise in popularity, Nelson has been credited with predicting how we interact with computers in terms of arts and entertainment, like video games. He was one of the first to present the computer as an "all-purpose machine".
References
Citations
Bibliography
BYTE Magazine, October 1975
External links
Computer Lib/Dream Machines Retrospective - Excerpts from "Computer Lib"
Xanadu, Network Culture, and Beyond. Chapter from Tools for Thought (book on history of computers) by Howard Rheingold
1974 non-fiction books
Texts related to the history of the Internet
Books by Ted Nelson
Self-published books
Microsoft Press books
Tête-bêche books |
4028739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmfare%20Award%20for%20Best%20Editing | Filmfare Award for Best Editing | The Filmfare Best Editing Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films.
Superlatives
Most Awards
Sreekar Prasad – 4
Hrishikesh Mukherjee – 3
Raj Kapoor – 3
Sanjay Verma – 3
Kamlakar Karkhanis – 2
Renu Saluja – 2
V. N. Mayekar – 2
M. S. Shinde – 2
B. S. Glaad – 2
Keshav Naidu – 2
G. G. Mayekar – 2
Namrata Rao – 2
List
See also
Filmfare Award's
Bollywood
Cinema of India
References
External links
Filmfare Nominees and Winners
Filmfare Awards Best Editing
Editing
Film editing awards |
4028743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%20of%20Miracles%20%28comics%29 | Man of Miracles (comics) | The Man of Miracles (Mother of Existence or M.O.M. for short) is a fictional, ageless, mysterious, genderless, super-being, featured in the Spawn comic book series.
Fictional character biography
The Mother (under the alias Man of Miracles) has appeared to offer her/his guidance and wisdom to The Hellspawn so that he might play his part in Armageddon. She/he is an ageless being of practically inconceivable power who has been the architect behind most of the events in the Spawn universe, holding significant knowledge of Al Simmons and his role as Spawn, knowledge that not even Mammon possesses and possessing powers beyond that of God or Satan. Her/his true form is as the "Mother" of Existence, though she/he is neither female nor male, it is able to cast an illusion to make her/his look male.
It is revealed that Mother/Man of Miracles is in fact the one who walked among mortals as "Jesus Christ", and thus was actually independent of God in the Spawn universe. The twelve heavenly warriors known as the Disciples, formed from the souls of the Twelve Apostles, actually follow Man of Miracles above God.
Mother gave each of her/his infinite children a world to run as they wish; God and Satan were both given Earth. God and Satan constantly bickered and fought to the point where they declared war on one another. Mankind, being created by God (from The Mother's energy) but given free will by Satan, became unique and Mother instantly fell in love with them and decided to act on their behalf, rather than let her/his children use them as cannon fodder. Mother stripped both of her/his children of their kingdoms and made them sleep in a forgotten corner of the universe. Mother then came to Earth as Jesus Christ, spreading a message of love and tolerance. This message being corrupted by mankind, Mother saw that Armageddon was inevitable. Giving mankind a chance to survive, Mother preserved all the souls that had died in the same hour as Al Simmons and placed them inside of Spawn. Spawn represents the potential of mankind and must prove that humanity is worth saving from God and Satan's feud. Mother brought back God and Satan as the human children of Terry and Wanda Fitzgerald in order to give them an appreciation for humanity and change their ways. This plan failed, as the twins simply became more insane than before and wreaked further chaos on Earth. They have since regained their memories, powers, and kingdoms and are bolstering their armies for the final push that will begin Armageddon.
Mother has also been revealed as being The Keeper of Greenworld, the voice of the Emerald Parliament and the one who originally summoned The Heap.
M.O.M.'s appearance changes depending upon who is perceiving her/him. She/he has appeared as an anime-inspired hero, as Miracleman, as a mysterious woman covered in ivy who was presumably Gaia, Jesus Christ and, in her/his true form, as the Mother of Creation: a Caucasian skinned woman. When cloaked in her/his illusion, people see her/his as they want to, and she/he subsequently explains that this is because reality is far more malleable than humanity believes. In her/his anime guise, M.O.M.'s appearance changes consistently from panel to panel. The tattoos on her/his face are different each time, the logo on her/his chest appears and reappears and sometimes her/his shirt disappears but her/his logo remains visible on her/his skin. As of Resurrection and issue #250 onwards, Man of Miracles was retconned out due to legal issues with the Abrahamic origins of God and Satan now take over with the character and the arcs that feature him were retconned out; however, Mother of Existence does make a cameo in issue #297 and In the King Spawn series Gaia appears with a new redesign.
Copyright disputes
Man of Miracles was first introduced in Spawn #150. This character was very similar to the hero known as Miracleman (also known as Marvelman), popularized in the Eclipse Comics series written by Alan Moore and Neil Gaiman. In his original appearance he is named Mike Moran, the same human identity of Miracleman, with basically the same costume. Todd McFarlane bought the rights to Eclipse Comics believing Miracleman was also a part of the deal. However, the rights to the character of Miracleman have been heavily contested. In court a judge determined that McFarlane did not hold the rights to Miracleman. After this the two characters of Mother of Existence and Man of Miracles were combined into one where they were supposed to always be the same being. Due to Resurrection and 250 the character and the arcs that feature him were retconned from the series. However, Spawn 297 confirms that Man of Miracles still exists. In the King Spawn series Man of Miracles is retconned into being simply Gaia.
See also
The One Above All, a similar entity in Marvel Comics
The Presence, a similar entity in DC Comics
References
Man of Miracles
Fiction about God
Mythology in comics
Fictional prophets
Characters created by Todd McFarlane
Image Comics characters who are shapeshifters |
4028744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford%20Lads%27%20Club | Salford Lads' Club | Salford Lads' Club is a recreational club in the Ordsall area of Salford, Greater Manchester, England. The club, on the corner of St. Ignatius Walk and Coronation Street, was established in 1903 as a boys' club but today welcomes people of both sexes and organises activities including sports and exhibitions.
The club was officially opened on 30 January 1904 by Robert Baden-Powell, who later founded the Scout movement. Former members include footballers Albert McPherson, Steve Fleet, Eddie Colman and Brian Doyle, Allan Clarke, lead singer of 1960s pop group The Hollies, and Graham Nash, guitarist, songwriter and singer with The Hollies who went on to form Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young.
The building gained listed status in 2003 as its tiled interior is virtually unchanged with original fittings and includes a boxing ring, snooker rooms and a gym with a viewing balcony. English Heritage said: "The building is thought to be the most complete example of this rare form of social provision to survive in England." In 2007, the Manchester Evening News reported that the building, which was used for the sleeve of The Smiths album The Queen Is Dead, came third in a nationwide hunt to find the most iconic buildings in the country.
History
The concept of a boys' club grew up in the 19th century as a way of keeping young boys "off the streets" and encouraging them to become "good and worthy God-fearing citizens". The clubs were usually set up by local philanthropic businessmen and it was soon realised that to compete with the outside attractions of freedom from restraint and gambling they must provide not only for draughts, bagatelle, and billiards but for more exciting pursuits that most boys could not otherwise obtain such as gymnastics, boxing, fives, swimming and, especially, outdoor games.
In Salford and Manchester, a number of these clubs grew up in the most deprived areas, the first of which was Hulme Lads' Club, founded in 1850. Salford Lads' Club was founded in 1903 by two brothers, James and William Groves, from the family of brewers that were partners with Arthur William Whitnall in the Groves and Whitnall Brewery on Regent Road in Salford. Built and designed by Salford architect Henry Lord, who was also responsible for the former Salford Royal Hospital and Salford Museum and Art Gallery, the club opened in August 1903 and the ceremonial opening was by Robert Baden-Powell on 31 January 1904 three years before he founded the Scout movement.
The club was open every evening from 7 – 10 pm, and in winter months its membership would reach 1,000.
The club has held an annual camp holiday since 1904. According to club worker and local artist Leslie Holmes: "Salford Lads' Club has a remarkable tradition that predates the first Scout camps set up by Lord Baden Powell. Salford Lads' Club first camp was at Llanddulas in 1904, when 173 boys took part." The camps have been held during Whitsun since 1934.
Present day activities include football, snooker, table tennis, computer games, boxing training, dance, community meetings, exhibitions, kickboxing, excursions and jujitsu.
Music, film and cultural heritage
The 1960s pop group The Hollies used to practice at the club before they became famous. Allan Clarke and Graham Nash were both members and their membership cards are still in the club's archives.
The club gained international fame in 1986 when the alternative rock band The Smiths posed in front of the building for the inside cover of their album The Queen Is Dead. The Smiths' music video for the songs "There Is A Light That Never Goes Out" and "Stop Me If You Think You've Heard This One Before" also featured shots of the building's exterior. The committee were said at the time to be furious, and solicitors acting for the club claimed that; ...inclusion of the photograph may generally cause any person reading the [album] or listening to the record to attribute the material to the club, its committee or its members ... we would cite for example the reference in the song Vicar in a Tutu to the singer being engaged in stealing lead from a church roof, or indeed the very title to the album itself and the tenor of the title song."
However, over the last few years the club has begun to embrace this more recent legacy and welcome the fans to the club. The photograph, taken by pop photographer Stephen Wright, was accepted into the National Portrait Gallery in 2008. The club also featured in the music video for The Dream Academy's "Life in a Northern Town".
In 2003 a film documentary was made as part of the celebrations for the club's centenary. The film, which was introduced by Peter Hook, bassist for Joy Division and New Order, who lived on the Ordsall estate until he was 19, was made with the help of elderly residents and young members of the club and is a mix of interviews and location shots.
The musician Vinny Peculiar, also known as Alan Wilks, has a longstanding association with the club, supporting various club events, performing for visiting Morrissey fans with ex-Smiths bassist Andy Rourke and rehearsing with his band, which includes ex-members of The Smiths, Oasis and The Fall.
The building has also been used as the location for a number of films and television dramas, including Channel 4's Shameless, Granada TV's 2002 remake of The Forsyte Saga, the film version of the Jacqueline Wilson's novel "Illustrated Mum", the BBC police drama Conviction and, in 2008, the remake of the 1970s BBC series Survivors.
The club was also seen in the opening sequence of BBC Sport's The Football League Show until the end of the 2011–12 season. On 19 December 2011, it was the setting for BBC One's first-ever outside broadcast of Football Focus.
Fundraising
In recent years the club has fallen into disrepair, and in May 2007, Warren Smith, Chairman of LPC Living and HRH Duke of Gloucester, launched an appeal to raise £1 million to restore the building to its former glory. The club received publicity and funds after being featured in the Channel 4 series The Secret Millionaire in November 2007. Property developer Chek Whyte initially donated £15,000 towards repairs as part of the programme, then subsequently paid for roof repairs and has become involved with the club long-term.
Former Smiths' frontman Morrissey has also donated funds towards restoration. He initially wanted to keep his donation of £20,000 a secret but was dissuaded from doing so, because the publicity would help the campaign.
In 2008 Vinny Peculiar released a single to support the club's £1 million fundraising drive. The song "Lazy Bohemians" was taken from his solo album Goodbye My Angry Friend. The B side and bonus download track of the single called "Ghost Camp", a song he co-wrote with former Smiths guitarist Craig Gannon, was written for a Salford Lads' Club award-winning play. The writer said: "Lazy Bohemians is a self-deprecating swipe against those whose talk about a revolution that never seems to get anywhere, a personal wake-up call to political apathy. My goal for this song is to really attract people's attention and wake people up from the apathy surrounding the club, making them realise that if we don't help it, the club, its fine musical history, and all of the good work it does with local kids will eventually, disappear".
Volunteers
Two of the longest-serving volunteers, Arthur Edward (Archie) Swift and Eric Salthouse have between them over 100 years of service with the club. They have both won accolades for their work: Swift was awarded the 'Salford Citizen of the Month' in April 2004 for his lifetime work as a volunteer at the club and Salthouse was named as 'My Hero' by Manchester entrepreneur Dave Tynan in the June 2004 edition of Social Enterprise magazine. Swift was also awarded the MBE for services to Young People. (Salford, Greater Manchester) In the HM the Queen's Birthday Honours List 2006.
References
External links
Buildings and structures completed in 1903
Grade II listed buildings in the City of Salford
Tourist attractions in Salford
History of Salford
Clubs and societies in Greater Manchester
The Smiths
Youth organisations based in England
Organisations based in Salford |
4028754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20China | Google China | Google China is a subsidiary of Google. A popular search engine, most services offered by Google China were blocked by the Great Firewall in the People's Republic of China. In 2010, searching via all Google search sites, including Google Mobile, was moved from mainland China to Hong Kong.
By November 2013, Google's search market share in China had declined to 1.7% from its August 2009 level of 36.2%, though it has slowly risen since, representing 3.8% of the search engine market by July 2020.
History
2000–2006: Launch of search service
On 12 September 2000, Google announced the addition of Simplified and Traditional Chinese versions to Google.com and began to provide search services for Chinese users worldwide.
On 10 September 2004, Google.com launched Simplified Chinese Google News.
In 2005, Google China moved from Xinhua Insurance Building, outside Jianguomen, to Keji Building in the Tsinghua Science Park near the east gate of Tsinghua University, where Google rented two floors. In addition, Google has an office in the Beijing Fortune Center.
On 19 July 2005, Kai-Fu Lee, a former Microsoft executive and the founder in 1998 of Microsoft Research Asia, joined Google and officially became the president of Google China. On the same day, Google announced that it would set up a research and development center in China.
2006–2009: Censorship of Google
In January 2006, Simplified Chinese Google News was renamed from "Google 新闻" (Google News) to "Google 资讯" (Google Information).
On 26 January 2006, Google launched its China-based google.cn search page, with results subject to censorship by the Chinese government. Google used its Chinese name, GǔGē ("harvest song"), but it never caught on with Chinese internet users.
On 12 April 2006, Google's Global CEO Eric Schmidt announced Google's Chinese name as "谷歌" (The Chinese character version of GǔGē) in Beijing. Google officially entered the Chinese mainland market.
From September 2006 until August 2016, the office of Google China was a ten-floor building in Kejian Building in the Tsinghua Science Park.
In March 2009, China blocked access to Google's YouTube site due to footage showing Chinese security forces beating Tibetans; access to other Google online services was being denied to users arbitrarily.
On 4 September 2009, after four years leading Google China, Kai-Fu Lee unexpectedly left to start a venture fund, amid debate about the Chinese government's censorship policies and Google's decreasing share to rival Baidu and Sogou.
2010–2016: Giving up search service
In January 2010, Google announced that, in response to a Chinese-originated hacking attack on them and other US tech companies, they were no longer willing to censor searches in China and would pull out of the country completely if necessary. At the same time, Google started to redirect all search queries from Google.cn to Google.com.hk in Hong Kong, which returned results without censorship. At the time, Hong Kong was vested with independent judicial power and was not subject to most Chinese laws, including those requiring the restriction of free flow of information and censorship of Internet traffic. David Drummond, senior vice president of Google, stated in the official Google blog that the circumstances surrounding censorship of the Internet in China led Google to move its search to Hong Kong, the absence of censorship making it more effective for networking and sharing information with Internet users in mainland China.
On 30 March 2010, searching via all Google search sites in all languages was banned in mainland China; any attempt to search using Google resulted in a DNS error. Initial reports suggested that the error was caused by a banned string (RFA, as in "Radio Free Asia") being automatically added to Google search queries upstream of user queries, with prominent China journalists disagreeing over whether the blockage was an intentional and high-level attempt to censor search results. Other Google services such as Google Mail and Google Maps appeared to be unaffected. Xiao Qiang, director of the China Internet Project at UC Berkeley and founder of the China Digital Times, noted that the ban in mainland China could eventually block all access to Google sites and applications if the Chinese government wanted.
The ban was lifted the next day.
On 30 June 2010, Google ended the automatic redirect of Google China to Google Hong Kong, and instead placed a link to Google Hong Kong to avoid their Internet Content Provider (ICP) license being revoked.
The fact that Google had ended some of its services in China, and the reasons for it, were censored in China.
In 2013 Google stopped displaying warning messages that had shown up for mainland Chinese users who were attempting to search for politically sensitive phrases.
Google's Internet mail service, Gmail, and Chrome and Google-based search inquiries have not been available to mainland China users since 2014. Google has maintained that it would continue with the research and development offices in China along with the sales offices for other Google products such as Android smartphone software.
2016–present: Attempts to come back to mainland China
On 1 August 2016, Google China moved its headquarters from Tsinghua Science Park to Rongke Information Center.
On 8 December 2016, Google held the Google Developer Day China 2016 in the China National Convention Center, and announced the creation of a developer website for mainland Chinese developers, including Google Developers China (), Android Developers China (), and Firebase China (). This was the first time Google China used the ".cn" domain name again after giving up Google China.
On 31 August 2017, Google China announced TensorFlow China ().
In May 2017, Google China held Future of Go Summit with the Chinese government.
On 13 December 2017, Google China held Google Developer Day China 2017 in Shanghai and announced the establishment of the Google AI China Center, led by Fei-Fei Li and Professor Li Jia.
On 14 August 2020, following the enactment of the Hong Kong national security law, Google China stated that it would no longer directly respond to data requests from the Hong Kong authorities, and would instead have them go through a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the United States.
Dragonfly project
On 1 August 2018, The Intercept reported that Google plans to launch a censored version of its search engine in China, code-named Dragonfly. The finalized version could be launched as soon as January 2019. On 6 August, China Communist Party's official newspaper People's Daily published a column which was soon deleted saying that they might welcome a return of Google if it plays by Beijing's strict rules for media oversight. Soon afterwards, Li Yanhong, the founder of Baidu, China's dominant search engine, predicted his company will "again be victorious" against Google if the U.S. search giant returns to China.
Despite statements from Google executives that their work had been "exploratory", "in early stages" and that Google was "not close to launching a search product in China", on 21 September 2018 The Intercept reported the existence of an internal memo authored by a Google engineer that revealed details about the project. The memo reportedly said that a prototype of the censored search engine was being developed as an app called Maotai that would record the geographical position and internet history of its users, and accused Google of developing "spying tools" for the Chinese government to monitor its citizens.
In December 2018, The Intercept reported that the Dragonfly project had "effectively been shut down" after a clash within Google, led by members of the company's privacy team.
Business
Google China served a market of mainland Chinese Internet users that was estimated in July 2009 to number 338 million, up from 45.8 million in June 2002. A China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) report published a year and a half earlier, on 17 January 2001, had estimated the mainland Chinese Internet user base at 22.5 million, considerably higher than the number published by Iamasia, a private Internet ratings company. The first CNNIC report, published on 10 October 1997, estimated the number of Chinese Internet users at fewer than 650 thousand people.
The competitors of Google China include Bing, Sogou and Baidu, often called the "Google of China" because of its resemblance and similarity to Google. In August 2008, Google China launched a music download service, Google Music.
In 2010, Google China had a market share in China of 29% according to Analysys International.
By October 2012, that number was down to 5%. It further declined to 1.7% in 2013.
Controversies
Before Google China's establishment, Google.com itself was accessible, even though much of its content was not accessible because of censorship. According to official statistics, google.com was accessible 90% of the time, and a number of services were not available at all.
Since announcing its intent to comply with Internet censorship laws in China, Google China had been the focus of controversy over what critics view as capitulation to the "Golden Shield Project". Because of its self-imposed censorship, whenever people searched for prohibited Chinese keywords on a blocked list maintained by the PRC government, google.cn displayed at the bottom of the page (translated): In accordance with local laws, regulations and policies, part of the search result is not shown. Some searches, such as (as of June 2009) "Tank Man" were blocked entirely, with only the message, "Search results may not comply with the relevant laws, regulations and policy, and cannot be displayed" appearing.
Google argued that it could play a role more useful to the cause of free speech by participating in China's IT industry than by refusing to comply and being denied admission to the mainland Chinese market. "While removing search results is inconsistent with Google's mission, providing no information (or a heavily degraded user experience that amounts to no information) is more inconsistent with our mission," a statement said.
A US PBS analysis reported clear differences between results returned for controversial keywords by the censored and uncensored search engines. Google set up computer systems inside China that try to access Web sites outside the country. If a site is inaccessible (e.g., because of the Golden Shield Project), then it was added to Google China's blacklist.
In June 2006 Google co-founder Sergey Brin was quoted as saying that virtually all of Google's customers in China were using the non-censored version of their website.
Google critics in the United States claimed that Google China is a flagrant violation of the Google motto, "Don't be evil".
On 9 April 2007, Google China spokesman Cui Jin admitted that the pinyin Google Input Method Editor (IME) "was built leveraging some non-Google database resources". This was in response to a request on 6 April from the Chinese search engine company Sohu that Google stop distributing its pinyin IME software because it allegedly copied portions from Sohu's own software.
In early 2008 Guo Quan, a university professor who had been dismissed after having founded a democratic opposition party, announced plans to sue Yahoo! and Google in the United States for having blocked his name from search results in mainland China.
Operation Aurora and 2010 withdrawal
On 12 January 2010, Google announced that it was "no longer willing to continue censoring" results on Google.cn, citing a breach of Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights activists including thousands of activists involved with the religious movement Falun Gong and hundreds of overseas activists in fields such as encryption, intellectual property and democracy. The company learned that the hackers had breached two Gmail accounts but were only able to access 'from' and 'to' information and subject headers of emails in these accounts. The company's investigation into the attack showed that at least 34 other companies had been similarly targeted, including Adobe Systems, Symantec, Yahoo, Northrop Grumman and Dow Chemical. Experts claimed the aim of the attacks was to gain information on weapon systems, political dissidents, and valuable source code that powers software applications. Additionally, dozens of Gmail accounts in China, Europe, and the United States had been regularly accessed by third parties, by way of phishing or malware on the users' computers rather than a security breach at Google. Although Google did not explicitly accuse the Chinese government of the breach, it said it was no longer willing to censor results on google.cn, and that it would discuss over the next few weeks "the basis on which we could run an unfiltered search engine within the law, if at all. We recognize that this may well mean having to shut down Google.cn, and potentially our offices in China".
On 13 January 2010, the news agency AHN reported that the U.S. Congress planned to investigate Google's allegations that the Chinese government used the company's service to spy on human rights activists. In a major speech by the US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, analogies were drawn between the Berlin Wall and the free and unfree Internet. Chinese articles came back saying that the United States uses the internet as a means to create worldwide hegemony based on Western values. The issue of Google's changed policy toward China was cited as a potentially major development in world affairs, marking a split between authoritarian socialism and the Western model of free capitalism and Internet access.
The Chinese government since made numerous standard and general statements on the matter, but took no real action. It also criticized Google for failing to provide any evidence of its accusation. Accusations were made by Baidu, a competing Chinese search engine, that Google was pulling out for financial rather than other reasons. At the time Baidu was the market leader in China with about 60% of the market compared to Google's 31%, Yahoo placing third with less than 10%. The Chinese People's Daily newspaper published an op-ed on Google which criticized western leaders for politicizing the way in which China controls citizens' access to the Internet, saying "implementing monitoring according to a country's national context is what any government has to do", and that China's need to censor the internet is greater than that of developed countries, "The Chinese society has generally less information bearing capacity than developed countries such as the U.S. ..."
While Jiang Yu, a spokesperson of China's Foreign Ministry, promoted the Chinese government's "development of the internet", Wang Chen of China's State Council Information Office defended online censorship: "Maintaining the safe operation of the Internet and the secure flow of information is a fundamental requirement for guaranteeing state security and people's fundamental interests, promoting economic development and cultural prosperity and maintaining a harmonious and stable society."
According to Joseph Cheng, a professor of political science from City University of Hong Kong, the ruling Chinese Communist Party was deploying Chinese nationalism to stifle debate about censorship in 2010. By criticizing cultural export (in this case, the localization of Google in China), it provided defense to justify the Chinese authorities' censorship control. The Chinese authorities were accused of steering state-run media to bundle Google together with other disputes with United States that had been stirring nationalist rancour in China at the time. On the state-run tabloid Global Times such examples are found, one user wrote "Get the hell out" while another one wrote "Ha ha, I'm going to buy firecrackers to celebrate!"
Isaac Mao, a prominent Chinese internet expert, speculated that 90% of Internet users in China did not care whether Google was leaving or not. Among Chinese users who strongly supported Google remaining in China without censorship (or leaving China to keep its neutrality and independence), many were accustomed to using circumvention technology to access blocked websites.
Censorship
Subsequent events
Since 27 May 2014, Google's various services have been suspected of having been subject to malicious interference from the Great Firewall of China, as a result of which users became unable to access them. Since then, users from mainland China found that Google's various sub-sites and other services (Google Play, Gmail, Google Docs, etc.) could not be accessed or used normally, including sign-ins to Google Accounts. Although some services like Google Maps and Google Translate remained functional, users from certain places still were unable to visit them. On the evening of 10 July 2014, users became able to use Google's services and functions, but users reported that access was denied the next day.
Blockage of Google
In November 2012, GreatFire.Org reported that China had blocked access to Google. The group reported that all Google domains, including Google search, Gmail, and Google Maps, became inaccessible. The reason for the blockage was likely to control the content in the nation's Internet while the government prepared to change leadership.
As the 20th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre approached, Chinese authorities blocked more websites and search engines.
GreatFire said that the block was far-reaching, and that Google simply wasn't working.
"The block is indiscriminate as all Google services in all countries, encrypted or not, are now blocked in China. This blockage includes Google search, images, Gmail and almost all other products. In addition, the block covers Google Hong Kong, google.com, and all other country specific versions, e.g., Google Japan. It is the tightest censorship ever deployed."
The company began to redirect search results from mainland China to its Hong Kong website, which led the Chinese authorities to block the Hong Kong site by making users wait 90 seconds for banned results.
In 2009, one-third of all searches in China were on Google. , the US company had only 1.7% market share.
Keyword censorship
In 2012, Google added a new software feature to warn users when they type in a word censored or blocked in China, beginning to offer suggestions about possible sensitive or banned keywords in China. For example, searching the Chinese character — which means "river", but is also a common surname — was blocked after erroneous rumours about the death of Jiang Zemin, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party.
In 2017, a glitch allowed access to Google which was soon blocked again.
See also
2014 China censorship of Google services
Censorship by Google
Chinese Intelligence Operations in the United States
Operation Aurora
Dragonfly (search engine)
Google bomb
Illegal flower tribute
Internet censorship in China
References
External links
Google China
Official blog
Mainland China service availability
Google leaves China
Chinameriica.asia
China
Chinese websites
Internet properties established in 2005
Chinese subsidiaries of foreign companies
Internet properties established in 2006
2005 establishments in China
2006 establishments in China |
4028761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa%20Devoto | Villa Devoto | Villa Devoto is a neighborhood or district located in the northwestern area of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Its administrative limits are defined by Lope de Vega, General Paz, San Martín, and Francisco Beiró Avenues; and Joaquín V. González, Baigorría, and Campana streets.
Villa Devoto, a primarily middle class to upscale neighborhood, is characterized by quiet tree-lined streets and is often considered as The Garden of Buenos Aires. A lower-density, wealthy residential subsection known as Devoto R is located around Arenales Square, in the ward's north-central section.
Villa Devoto is served by the FC Urquiza and FC San Martín commuter railway lines.
History
Part of General San Martín Partido until the Federalization of Buenos Aires, the area was an exurb at the time and was known as Villa Gainza y Lynch. A rail link was built by the Buenos Aires and Pacific Railway, which inaugurated Devoto Station in 1888.
The district was named after Count Antonio Devoto, who became the landowner of most of the present day district in 1904. The Count Devoto was a member of the elite of Buenos Aires. King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy granted Devoto the title of count in 1916 in gratitude for his assistance to the Kingdom of Italy during World War I; Devoto died a few months later.
Devoto owned one of the largest mansions of Buenos Aires, known as Devoto Palace. The mansion was built by Italian architect Juan Antonio Buschiazzo, its 10,000 m² (107,000 ft²) decorated in bronze, silver and gold with ironwork forged in Italy, as well as Florentine mosaics. Prince Umberto di Savoia stayed there during a state visit in 1924. Devoto died before Buschiazzo's work was complete, and the mansion was demolished around 1940. He did not leave any descendants, and his remains lie at the Basílica of San Antonio de Padua in Villa Devoto.
The Metropolitan Seminary of Buenos Aires, alma mater to many of Argentina's bishops and archbishops, was established in Villa Devoto in 1899; among its alumni was the future Pope Francis. The Devoto Penitentiary, the city's sole remaining jail, was established in 1927. The ward became a bedroom community in later decades, as well as home to a sizable English Argentine and American expatriate community; a Garden Club was established by the English-speaking community in 1978.
Sports
Villa Devoto is home to the General Lamadrid soccer club.
Landmarks
Personalities
Jorge Bergoglio, the 266th and current Pope of the Catholic Church studied in 1958 at the Metropolitan Seminary of Villa Devoto.
The following have all been residents of Villa Devoto:
Olegario Víctor Andrade, poet
Josemaría Listorti, TV comedian
Diego Maradona, footballer
Mario Pergolini, TV producer
Gabriela Sabatini, tennis player
See also
Antonio Devoto
Devoto Palace
External links
The Portal Of Villa Devoto (Spanish)
Devoto Info (Spanish)
Devoto News (Spanish)
Devoto Barrio (Spanish)
Devoto Hoy Portal (Spanish)
Info on Devoto (Spanish)
Neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires |
4028762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%20of%20Bengal%20Initiative%20for%20Multi-Sectoral%20Technical%20and%20Economic%20Cooperation | Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation | The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is an international organisation of seven South Asian and Southeast Asian nations, housing 1.73 billion people and having a combined gross domestic product of US$4.4 trillion (2022). The BIMSTEC member states – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand – are among the countries dependent on the Bay of Bengal.
Fourteen priority sectors of cooperation have been identified and several BIMSTEC centres have been established to focus on those sectors. A BIMSTEC free trade agreement is under negotiation (c. 2018), also referred Similar to SAARC.
Leadership is rotated in alphabetical order of country names. The permanent secretariat is in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Background
On 6 June 1997, a new sub-regional grouping was formed in Bangkok under the name BIST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic Cooperation). Following the inclusion of Myanmar on 22 December 1997 during a special Ministerial Meeting in Bangkok, the Group was renamed ‘BIMST-EC’ (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand Economic Cooperation). In 1998, Nepal became an observer. In February 2004, Nepal and Bhutan became full members.
On 31 July 2004, in the first Summit the grouping was renamed as BIMSTEC or the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation.
Objective
There are 16 main sectors of BIMSTEC along technological and economic cooperation among South Asian and Southeast Asian countries along the coast of the Bay of Bengal.
Trade & Investment
Transport & Communication
Energy
Tourism
Technology
Fisheries
Agriculture
Public Health
Poverty Alleviation
Counter-Terrorism & Transnational Crime
Environment & Disaster Management
People-to-People Contact
Cultural Cooperation
Climate Change
Sectors 7 to 13 were added at the 8th Ministerial Meeting in Dhaka in 2005 while the 14th sector was added in 11th Ministerial Meeting in New Delhi in 2008.
Member nations are denoted as Lead Countries for each sector.
Provides cooperation to one another for the provision of training and research facilities in educational vocational and technical fields
Promote active collaboration and mutual assistance in economic, social, technical and scientific fields of common interest
Provides help to increase the socio-economic growth of the member countries
Permanent Secretariat
The BIMSTEC Permanent Secretariat at Dhaka was opened in 2014 and India contributes 32% of its expenditure. The current Secretary General of the BIMSTEC is Ambassador Tenzin Lekphell from Bhutan and the former Secretary General was M Shahidul Islam from Bangladesh. And First Secretary General was Sumith Nakandala from Sri Lanka.
Chairmanship
The BIMSTEC uses the alphabetical order for the Chairmanship. The Chairmanship of the BIMSTEC has been taken in rotation commencing with Bangladesh (1997–1999).
Member nations
Heads of the member nations
Leaders are either heads of state or heads of government, depending on which is constitutionally the chief executive of the nation's government.
BIMSTEC priority sectors
14 priority areas have been identified with the lead nations appointed to lead the effort:
The organisation has 15 priority areas for cooperation, including Trade & Investment, Transport & Communication, Energy, Tourism, Technology, Fisheries, Agriculture, Public Health, Poverty Alleviation, Counter-Terrorism & Transnational Crime, Environment & Disaster Management, People-to-People Contact, Cultural Cooperation, Climate Change and Blue Economy.
In a virtual BIMSTEC Colombo summit which took place on March 30, 2022, decision was taken to reduce, re-constitute and reconstruct the number of sectors of co-operation from the unwieldy 14 to a more manageable 7.
Trade, Investment and Development - Bangladesh
Environment and Climate Change - Bhutan
Security and Energy - India
Agriculture and Food Security - Myanmar
People-to-people Contact - Nepal
Science, Technology and Innovation - Sri Lanka
Connectivity - Thailand
BIMSTEC Free Trade Area Framework Agreement
The BIMSTEC Free Trade Area Framework Agreement (BFTAFA) has been signed by all member nations to stimulate trade and investment in the parties, and attract outsiders to trade with and invest in the BIMSTEC countries at a higher level. Subsequently, the "Trade Negotiating Committee" (TNC) was set up, with Thailand as the permanent chair, to negotiate in areas of trade in goods and services, investment, economic co-operation, trade facilitations and technical assistance for LDCs. Once negotiation on trade in goods is completed, the TNC would then proceed with negotiation on trade in services and investment.
The BIMSTEC Coastal Shipping Agreement draft was discussed on 1 December 2017 in New Delhi, to facilitate coastal shipping within 20 nautical miles of the coastline in the region to boost trade between the member countries. Compared to the deep sea shipping, coastal ship require smaller vessels with lesser draft and involve lower costs. Once the agreement becomes operational after it is ratified, a lot of cargo movement between the member countries can be done through the cost effective, environment friendly and faster coastal shipping routes.
The necessity for coastal shipping ecosystem and electricity grid interconnectivity, as two of the necessary components of the evolving shape of BIMSTEC.
On 7 and 8 November 2019, the first ever BIMSTEC Conclave of Ports summit was held in Visakhapatnam, India. The main aims of this summit is providing a platform to strengthen maritime interaction, port-led connectivity initiatives and sharing best practices among member countries.
In 2022 summit saw the declaration of the Master Plan for Transport Connectivity that would provide a framework for regional and domestic connectivity,
Cooperation with Asian Development Bank (ADB)
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) becomes a partner in 2005, to undertake the "BIMSTEC Transport Infrastructure and Logistic Study" (BTILS), which was completed in 2014.
BIMSTEC Summits
Projects
Coast shipping
Power grid interconnection
Regional disaster monitoring and warning system
Road and rail Look-East connectivity projects
See also
ASEAN & Look-East connectivity projects
Asia Cooperation Dialogue
Asian Clearing Union
Asian Development Bank
Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative (BBIN)
BRICS-BIMSTEC Summit, 2016
Mekong-Ganga Cooperation
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation
Notes
References
External links
BIMSTEC free trade agreement
2018 BIMSTEC Summit
1997 establishments in Asia
International economic organizations
International organizations based in Asia
Organizations established in 1997
Foreign relations of Bangladesh
Foreign relations of Bhutan
Foreign relations of India
Foreign relations of Myanmar
Foreign relations of Nepal
Foreign relations of Sri Lanka
Foreign relations of Thailand
Bay of Bengal |
4028763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomasz%20Cho%C5%82odecki | Tomasz Chołodecki | Tomasz Chołodecki (21 December 1813 – 17 July 1880) was a political activist and Polish rebel and soldier, who took part in almost every major event that supported Poland's independence in the 19th century.
November uprising
Tomasz Chołodecki was the son of Kajetan Dominik Chołodecki, the leaseholder of Bednarów in what is now the Kalush Raion in Ukraine.
He attended gymnasium nearby in Brzezany and continued his education with jesuit monks in Tarnopol.
In 1831 Chołodecki joined General Józef Dwernicki's forces to fight in Poland's November Uprising.
He fought in all of the 2nd corps battles, starting with the Battle of Stoczek and ending with the Battle of Boreml.
He was injured in that battle and was captured.
After he returned to health he was released from prison and returned to Galicia.
Kraków uprising
Upon returning to Galicia, Chołodecki first tried his hand at becoming a mandatariusz.
Finding government work unconscionable, he began working in alcohol manufacturing.
During this time he continued to conspire against the Austrian authorities.
He was a member of the Centralizacja Towarzyska Demokratyczna, which was run by Robert Chmielewski.
His association with this organization was discovered and he was subsequently put under police surveillance.
Still, this did not deter him from conspiring against the state.
In 1845 he joined Teofil Wiśniowski and his Towarzystwo Demokratyczne Polskie.
Chołodecki left Zarudz, where the plans for a coming uprising were being laid, on 21 November 1846.
He led a platoon of Polish fighters against a group Austrian Hussar's near the Kragla Inn while battling towards Narajów.
When Chołodecki received word that the uprising was being called off in the west, he fled to his cousin who lived in Kudynowce.
From Kudynowce he fled to Złoczów with the help of his cousin, in order to obtain a new passport from the Starosta.
He was found and arrested in Złoczów and transported to the criminal court in Lwów.
There, the prosecution conducted an investigation from 23 March 1846 until 12 July 1846.
After the investigation the court found 25 of the "Narajów expedition" guilty in the first degree, and sentenced to death by hanging.
On 1 July 1847 the high court tribunal in Vienna reduced Chołodecki's sentence to 15 years to be spent in Spielberg.
Teofil Wiśniowski and Józef Kapuściński, however, were hanged on 31 July 1847.
On 23 March 1848 a general amnesty was given to those who took part in the events of 1846, and Chołodecki left for Lwów.
January uprising
In Lwów Chołodecki was able to get a position as the administrator of the Potocki estate.
He later became the administrator in Brzoza Stadnicka.
Eventually, he became the director of a sugar plant in Rytwiana.
In 1855 he married Anna Madeyska, and three years later his only son, Tomasz Dominik Jozef Chołodecki, was born.
He became involved in the events leading up to the January Uprising of 1863.
He joined a local insurgent group and fought in the Battle of Staszów under Marian Langiewicz in February of that year.
He was later captured by the Russians, but managed a daring escape.
Later years
Chołodecki made his way back to Lwów after fleeing from Russian captivity, and lived on his retirement income.
In 1878 he took part in actions greeting Otto Hausner in Lwów, which were fought by the Austrian authorities.
Chołodecki was wounded an Austrian saber cut to the head.
He never fully recovered, and died on 17 July 1880, leaving behind his wife and two children.
Other notes
Tomasz Chołodecki was the great-grandfather of Witold Franciszek Tomasz Chołodecki, who was murdered by Soviet forces in Kharkov in 1940, during what is broadly referred to as the Katyn massacre.
Sources
Polski slownik biograficzny (Polish Biographical Dictionary), Kraków, 2000
Boniecki, Adam. Herbarz Polski (Polish Heraldry), Warsaw, 1899–1913
Chołodecki, Białynia Józef. Białynia-Chołodeccy : uczestnicy spisków, więźniowie stanu (History of the Cholodecki family of the Bialynia Clan). 1911
Limanowski, Bolesław. Historja ruchu rewolucyjnego w Polsce w 1846 r. 1913
Żychliński, Tadeusz. Złota Księga Szlachty Polskiej (Golden Tome of Polish Szlachta) Vol. 23, pp. 13–19.
1813 births
1880 deaths
Tomasz Chołodecki
Polish rebels |
4028774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20J.%20Clune | John J. Clune | John J. Clune (October 29, 1932 – April 4, 1992) was the long-time director of athletics at the United States Air Force Academy. The Clune Arena at the academy is named in his memory.
A native of Jersey City, New Jersey, Clune graduated from St. Peter's High School, where he earned all-state honors in basketball. He was a 1954 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, where he earned All-American honors in basketball, and held scoring records that lasted for 30 years. He earned a master's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Southern California, completed the Armed Forces Staff College in 1959 and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces in 1972.
His initial assignments were in missile operations, missile maintenance and administration. He served as an Air Officer Commanding at the Air Force Academy from 1965 to 1968. Prior to returning the academy, he was chief of the Electronics and Equipment Division, Air Force Logistics Command and Chief of the Logistics Engineering Branch, Headquarters U.S. Air Force.
During his tenure as the Air Force Academy athletic director, he arranged for the academy to become a member of the Western Athletic Conference, the first service academy to join a conference. He was responsible for initiating a 10-sport intercollegiate program for women when the first class was admitted in 1976. Once joining the WAC, Col. Clune served on the compliance committee, finance committee and the extra events committee. Clune served as president of the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics and as a member of the NCAA's Postseason Football Committee. He is the former chairman of the board of directors of the College Football Association and served as chair of the NCAA Voting Committee.
He was also instrumental in working with Colorado Springs civic leaders in bringing the United States Olympic Training Center, Olympic House and two Olympic Sports Festivals to Colorado Springs. He served as the president of the Air Force Academy Athletic Association and was one of the 10 board members designated by Congress to serve on the Academy Board, which is the governing body of the Air Force Academy. While in the military, Clune was rated as a senior missileman. Among his military decorations the Legion of Merit, two Meritorious Service Medals and the Air Force Commendation Medal.
Clune was married to Pat Clune and had 4 kids. John Clune, Cathy Clune, Michael Clune, and Tim Clune
Clune died of cancer in 1992 after serving 16 years as the athletic director at the Air Force Academy. In honor of his longtime service to Air Force athletics, the basketball arena within the Cadet Field House at USAFA was renamed Clune Arena.
References
1932 births
1992 deaths
Forwards (basketball)
Air Force Falcons athletic directors
Navy Midshipmen men's basketball players
New York Knicks draft picks
United States Air Force officers
Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy alumni
USC Viterbi School of Engineering alumni
Sportspeople from Jersey City, New Jersey
Basketball players from Jersey City, New Jersey
American men's basketball players
Military personnel from New Jersey |
4028783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Moldova at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Moldova competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
Biathlon
Cross-country skiing
Sprint
Luge
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
Winter Olympics |
4028790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Howitt | Mary Howitt | Mary Howitt was an English poet, the author of the famous poem The Spider and the Fly. She translated several tales by Hans Christian Andersen. Some of her works were written in conjunction with her husband, William Howitt. Many, in verse and prose, were intended for young people.
Background and early life
Mary Botham, daughter of Samuel Botham and Ann, was born at Coleford, Gloucestershire, where her parents lived temporarily, while her father, a prosperous Quaker surveyor and former farmer of Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, looked after some mining property. In 1796, aged 38, Samuel had married 32-year-old Ann, daughter of a Shrewsbury ribbon-weaver. They had four children: Anna, Mary, Emma and Charles. Their Queen Anne house is now called Howitt Place. Mary Botham was taught at home, read widely and began writing verse at a very early age.
Marriage and writing
On 16 April 1821 she married William Howitt and began a career of joint authorship with him. Her life was bound up with that of her husband; she was separated from him only during a period when he journeyed to Australia (1851–1854). She and her husband wrote over 180 books.
The Howitts lived initially in Heanor in Derbyshire, where William was a pharmacist. Not until 1823, when they were living in Nottingham, did William decide to give up his business with his brother Richard and concentrate with Mary on writing. Their literary productions at first consisted mainly of poetry and other contributions to annuals and periodicals. A selection appeared in 1827 as The Desolation of Eyam and other Poems.
The couple mixed with many literary figures, including Charles Dickens, Elizabeth Gaskell and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. On moving to Esher in 1837, Howitt began writing a long series of well-known tales for children, with signal success. In 1837 they toured Northern England and stayed with William and Dorothy Wordsworth. Their work was generally well regarded: in 1839 Queen Victoria gave George Byng a copy of Mary's Hymns and Fireside Verses.
William and Mary moved to London in 1843, and after a second move in 1844, counted Tennyson amongst their neighbours. In 1853 they moved to West Hill in Highgate close to Hillside, the home of their friends, the physician and sanitary reformer Thomas Southwood Smith and his partner, the artist Margaret and her sister Mary Gillies. Mary Howitt had some years earlier arranged that the children's writer Hans Christian Andersen would visit Hillside to see the haymaking during his trip to England in 1847.
Scandinavia
In the early 1840s Mary Howitt was residing in Heidelberg, where her literary friends included Shelley's biographer Thomas Medwin and the poet Caroline de Crespigny, and her attention was drawn to Scandinavian literature. She and a friend, Madame Schoultz, set about learning Swedish and Danish. She then translated into English and introduced Fredrika Bremer's novels (1842–1863, 18 vols). Howitt also translated many of Hans Christian Andersen's tales, such as
Only a Fiddler (1845)
The Improvisators (1845, 1847)
Wonderful Stories for Children (1846)
The True Story of every Life (1847).
Among her original works were The Heir of Wast-WayIand (1847). She edited for three years the Fisher’s Drawing Room Scrap Book, writing, among other articles, "Biographical Sketches of the Queens of England". She edited the Pictorial Calendar of the Seasons, added an original appendix to her husband's translation of Joseph Ennemoser's History of Magic, and took the chief share in The Literature and Romance of Northern Europe (1852). She also produced a Popular History of the United States (2 vols, 1859), and a three-volume novel called The Cost of Caergwyn (1864).
Mary's brother-in-law Godfrey Howitt, his wife and her family emigrated to Australia, arriving at Port Phillip in April 1840. In June 1852, the three male Howitts, accompanied by Edward La Trobe Bateman, sailed there, hoping to make a fortune. Meanwhile, Mary and her two daughters moved into The Hermitage, Bateman's cottage in Highgate, which had previously been occupied by Dante Gabriel Rossetti.
The men returned from Australia a number of years later. William wrote several books describing its flora and fauna. Their son, Alfred William Howitt, achieved renown as an Australian explorer, anthropologist and naturalist; he discovered the remains of the explorers Burke and Wills, which he brought to Melbourne for burial.
Mary Howitt had several other children. Charlton Howitt was drowned while engineering a road in New Zealand. Anna Mary Howitt spent a year in Germany with the artist Wilhelm von Kaulbach, an experience she wrote up as An Art-Student in Munich. She married Alaric Alfred Watts, wrote a biography of her father, and died while on a visit to her mother in Tirol in 1884. Margaret Howitt wrote the Life of Fredrika Bremer and a memoir of her own mother.
Mary Howitt's name was attached as author, translator or editor to at least 110 works. She received a silver medal from the Literary Academy of Stockholm, and on 21 April 1879 gained a civil list pension of £100 a year. In her declining years she joined the Roman Catholic Church, and was one of an English deputation received by Pope Leo XIII on 10 January 1888. Her Reminiscences of my Later Life were printed in Good Words in 1886. The Times wrote of her and her husband:
Their friends used jokingly to call them William and Mary, and to maintain that they had been crowned together like their royal prototypes. Nothing that either of them wrote will live, but they were so industrious, so disinterested, so amiable, so devoted to the work of spreading good and innocent literature, that their names ought not to disappear unmourned.
Mary Howitt was away from her residence in Meran in Tirol, spending the winter in Rome, when she died of bronchitis on 30 January 1888.
Her works
Among those written independently of her husband were:
Sketches of Natural History (1834)
Wood Leighton, or a Year in the Country (1836)
Birds and Flowers and other Country Things (1838)
Hymns and Fireside Verses (1839)
Hope on, Hope ever, a Tale (1840)
Strive and Thrive (1840)
Sowing and Reaping, or What will come of it (1841)
Work and Wages, or Life in Service (1842)
Which is the Wiser? or People Abroad (1842)
Little Coin, Much Care (1842)
No Sense like Common Sense (1843)
Love and Money (1843)
My Uncle the Clockmaker (1844)
The Two Apprentices (1844)
My own Story, or the Autobiography of a Child (1845)
Fireside Verses (1845)
Ballads and other Poems (1847)
The Children's Year (1847)
The Childhood of Mary Leeson (1848)
Our Cousins in Ohio (1849)
The Heir of Wast-Wayland (1851)
The Dial of Love (1853)
Birds and Flowers and other Country Things (1855)
The Picture Book for the Young (1855)
M. Howitt's Illustrated Library for the Young (1856; two series)
Lillieslea, or Lost and Found (1861)
Little Arthur's Letters to his Sister Mary (1861)
The Poet's Children (1863)
The Story of Little Cristal (1863)
Mr. Rudd's Grandchildren (1864)
Tales in Prose for Young People (1864)
M. Howitt's Sketches of Natural History (1864)
Tales in Verse for Young People (1865)
Our Four-footed Friends (1867)
John Oriel's Start in Life (1868)
Pictures from Nature (1869)
Vignettes of American History (1869)
A Pleasant Life (1871)
Birds and their Nests (1872)
Natural History Stories (1875)
Tales for all Seasons (1881)
Tales of English Life, including Middleton and the Middletons (1881)
The Spider and the Fly
The poem was originally published in 1829. When Lewis Carroll was readying Alice's Adventures Under Ground for publication, he replaced a parody he had made of a negro minstrel song with the "Lobster Quadrille", a parody of Mary's poem.
The poem became a Caldecott Honor Book in October 2003.
References
Further reading
Mary Howitt: an Autobiography, edited by her daughter, Margaret Howitt (1889)
C. R. Woodring, Victorian Samplers – William & Mary Howitt (1952)
A. Lee, Laurels and Rosemary – The Life of William & Mary Howitt (1955)
External links
Complete list of her works
Papers of Mary and William Howitt are held at Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham
1799 births
1888 deaths
English women poets
19th-century English poets
19th-century English women writers
19th-century British translators
Swedish–English translators
Danish–English translators
German–English translators
English Quakers
Deaths from bronchitis
People from Coleford, Gloucestershire |
4028791 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravernet | Ravernet | Ravernet () is a village and townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is on the Ravernet River, about 3 km south of Lisburn and about 3 km northeast of Hillsborough. Nearby is Sprucefield and the M1 motorway. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 559.
2001 Census
Ravernet is classified as a small village or hamlet by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) (i.e. with population between 500 and 1,000 people).
On Census day (29 April 2001) there were 559 people living in Ravernet. Of these:
28.6% were aged under 16 years and 8.2% were aged 60 and over
50.8% of the population were male and 49.2% were female
4.7% were from a Catholic background and 90.1% were from a Protestant background
2.6% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed
References
Villages in County Down
Townlands of County Down
Civil parish of Blaris |
4028795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curetis%20thetis | Curetis thetis | Curetis thetis, the Indian sunbeam, is a species of lycaenid or blue butterfly found in Indomalayan realm.
Distribution
The butterfly occurs in Peninsular India, south of the Himalayas, but not in the desert tracts or in areas with a scanty rainfall; parts of Assam; Saurashtra; Bengal, Sylhet onto Myanmar. It is also found in the Nicobar Islands.
It is also found in Sri Lanka, Java, Philippines, northern Sulawesi and Selajar.
Status
It is not considered rare.
Description
Male
Upperside dark cupreous red, glossy and shining. Forewing: base irrorated with dusky scales; costa edged with a narrow, inwardly jagged, jet-black band that broadens to the apex, thence continued along the termen, decreasing in width to the tornus; opposite the apex the inner edge of the black is acutely angulate. Hindwing: base and dorsum broadly but slightly irrorated (sprinkled) with dusky scales; costa narrowly, dorsal margin more broadly pale; termen very narrowly and evenly margined with black.
Underside: shining silvery white. Forewings and hindwings crossed transversely by discal and inner subterminal, somewhat lunular dark lines and a more or less obsolescent outer subterminal line of minute dark dots. These markings generally very indistinct but traceable; in some specimens more clearly defined but never prominent. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen dusky black; the antennae reddish at apex; in some specimens the head, the thorax laterally and the base of the abdomen brownish-mouse colour; beneath: the palpi, thorax and the basal half of the abdomen medially silvery white, the sides and apex of the abdomen dusky black.
Female
Upperside: forewing dark brownish black; a large medial patch that extends from vein 1 to vein 4, enters the lower half of the cell and extends from base outwards for about two-thirds the length of the wing, white; at the base of the wing this patch is shaded and obscured for a short distance by dusky black. Hindwing: pale dusky black; a darker, short, broad brownish-black streak from base along the subcostal vein, that outwardly broadens into an irregularly round patch beyond which is a broad short upper discal white band with ill-defined and somewhat diffuse margins. Cilia, forewings and hindwings: white. Underside: as in the male but the markings still more indistinct, and in almost no specimen is there any trace of the outer subterminal line of dark dots.
Variety arcuata
Variety arcuata Moore, differs from typical thetis as follows:
Male
Upperside: ground colour similar but of a slightly paler shade in all the specimens I have seen. Forewing: costal and terminal margins edged more broadly with black than in thetis, the inner margin of this colour forms a regular strongly curved arch from base of wing to tornus, not angulate at all opposite apex of wing, the edging of the costal margin not jagged on the inner side. Hindwing: the costal margin not pale but somewhat broadly dusky black; the terminal black edging broader than in thetis, not linear, produced for a very short distance up each vein. The irroration of dusky scales at the bases of both forewings and hindwings and along the dorsal area of the hindwing heavier and more broadly diffused, especially on the latter. Underside: as in the typical form. Antenna, head, thorax and abdomen similar.
Female
Upperside: ground colour darker brownish black, deep opaque black on the costa, apex and termen of the forewing; the medial oval white patch on the forewing smaller, the upper discal white band on the hindwing narrower, the short, broad black streak from base terminates in a large round spot or patch inwardly merged in the ground colour which fills the whole area of the cell.
There have been reports of gynandromorphic forms.
Life history
Food plants
The larva has been recorded as feeding on Pongamia glabra, Derris scandens, Abrus precatorius (Leguminosae), Xylia dolabriformis and Heynia trijuga (Meliaceae).
Larva
De Niceville goes on to say that the sheaths of the tentacles on the twelfth segment are pale green, the tentacles themselves maroon, the whorl of hairs at their apices white with their basal thirds black.
The larvae have tentacular organs as seen on myrmecophilous lycaenids, but they have not been observed to be tended by ants.
Pupa
Light green; wing-cases bluish green. "There is a conspicuous heart-shaped pale ochreous mark on the top of the thorax, the pits on it filled in with reddish pigment." (de Nicéville.) The pupae are capable of producing sounds and the function of these are not fully understood.
Gallery
See also
List of butterflies of India (Lycaenidae)
Cited references
References
thetis
Butterflies of Java
Butterflies described in 1773
Butterflies of Asia
Taxa named by Dru Drury |
4028796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutty%20%282001%20film%29 | Kutty (2001 film) | Kutty is a 2001 Tamil language film directed by Janaki Vishwanathan. The film's music is composed by Ilayaraja. Upon release, the film met with widespread critical acclaim.
Plot
The film revolves around a young girl who is forced into child labour working for an urban family after a tragedy in her own family. Paavaadai is a potter living in a village in the outskirts of Madurai. Even though his profession is in a miserable condition, he has high hopes for his daughter Kannammaa and raises her with much affection. Unfortunately, he dies in an accident and this forces Kannammaa to be sent to work for an urban family. The girl is quite happy about this, thinking about the prospects of good food and clothes. The family's working couple also treat her with kindness. However, the arrival of the mother-in-law changes everything. Kutty doesn't get enough food to eat and is mistreated by the old woman and her grandson. Day-by-day things get worsen. Once, Kutty's relatives come to see how she is doing. The grandmother behaves kindly to Kutty and makes them believe that she is completely happy there. Kutty too fails to communicate with them about her misery. Kutty watches the teenage girl who works in the opposite apartment being molested. And in a few days, she learns that the girl committed suicide. Even though supported by the couple (which infuriates the old woman), Kutty becomes desperate and decides to send a letter to her mother asking her to take her away back to the village. She tries to seek the help of a store owner, who is very kind to her. However, matters do not improve when Kutty reveals that she doesn't know the name of her village but she just knows the directions. One night, she decides to run away but she runs right into a man, who has a shop set up right next to Vivek's. He promises to help her and boards her onto a train. The man is then seen speaking to another man and bargaining for more money. The man says to Kutty that the other man will take good care of her and will reach her to her mother. But, the train is actually leaving not for her village, but to Mumbai, indicating that perhaps Kutty will be sold to a brothel. The film ends with showing Kutty's anticipated face on the prospect of going back to her mother.
Cast
P. Shwetha as Kanamma (Kutty)
Ramesh Arvind as Ranganathan
Kausalya as Rohini
Nassar as Pavadai
Eashwari Rao as Chenthamarai
M. N. Rajam as Ranganathan's mother
Vivek as Owner of provision store
R. S. Shivaji as Panwala
S. N. Lakshmi as Viruthamba, Pavadai's mother
Master Suraj as Vicky
Ilavarasu as Pazhaniappan
Kalairani as Valli
Awards
The film has won the following awards since its release:
2002 Cairo International Children's Film Festival (Egypt)
Won - Special International Jury Prize - Kutty - J.K. Vishwanathan
2002 National Film Awards (India)
Won - Silver Lotus Award - Best Child Artist - P. Shwetha
Won - Silver Lotus Award - Special Jury Award - Director - J.K. Vishwanathan
2002 Gollapudi Srinivas Award
Won - Best Debutant Director - J.K. Vishwanathan
References
External links
2001 films
2001 drama films
Films based on Indian novels
Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja
2000s Tamil-language films
Indian drama films |
4028801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wix%2C%20Essex | Wix, Essex | Wix is a village and civil parish in the Tendring district of north-east Essex, England. It lies in a small valley about south of the Stour Estuary. The valley drains east towards Harwich. Formerly an important crossroads on the route to Harwich, it has now been bypassed by the A120 road.
The place-name 'Wix' is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as Wica. It appears as Wikes in 1191 in the Feet of Fines, and as Wiches in the Curia Regis Rolls in 1198. The name is the plural of the Old English 'wic', meaning a dairy farm.
St Mary's Church, Wix has a detached belfry, which stands in the churchyard and contains one bell. In 1961, the then owner of Wix Abbey Farm was ploughing in the church which was overgrown when he struck a large piece of dressed limestone, which with further investigation revealed a large stone coffin with a skeleton inside. Archaeologists were called in and dated the coffin to circa 1140, due to the decorative cross on the lid having Saxon influences. The skeleton is very likely that of Alexander de Wix, a founder of Wix Priory, which occupied the church grounds until the 12th century. This coffin is now on show, or was until recently on display in Colchester Castle. An almost identical but slightly smaller coffin from the same site can be found in the bellhouse, in the churchyard.
There is one pub, The Waggon at Wix, which on Saturday evenings has live bands. There is also a village shop in Colchester Road next to Anglian Timber. There is an equestrian centre in Clacton Road which hosts dressage, show jumping and carriage driving.
Nearby places
References
External links
Entry in Kelly's Directory of Essex, 1894
Page on the World Wykes Web about Wix Priory and earlier spellings of the name
St Mary's Church website
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Tendring |
4028802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zera%20%28character%29 | Zera (character) | Zera is a supervillain appearing in the Spawn universe comics.
Fictional character biography
As a conflict erupts in Heaven that may well be the final war between Heaven and Hell, it is revealed that God has an abandoned creation. The forces of the Forgotten gather at the gates of Paradise, and the Angels know that soon the walls will be breached. One of the ruling Seraphim sees no alternative and releases a long-forgotten warrior from imprisonment in the hope of turning the tide. A warrior of immense power, imprisoned by God himself, she is known as Zera.
Zera is the Queen of the Seraphim, one of the most powerful beings in all creation. Because she is utterly insane and has an endless blood lust, God chose to lock her away in the depths of the Shining City. In these desperate times, Zera has been set free to defend the Throne of Creation.
Free to enter the fray once more, she is seen single-handedly annihilating the armies of the Forgotten Ones. During battle, Zera's insanity and blood lust manifest themselves in the form of an enormous, white-furred bestial Humanoid. This Avatar is capable of breathing white celestial fire and obeys Zera's every command.
After defeating the Forgotten, Zera looks to the last and mocks him. He claims that there is still one more of the Forgotten and while Zera shakes him to try to get the name, she snaps his neck. He never finishes the word, "Ma..." which would give her the name she desires, that of Lord Mammon, the architect behind the siege on Heaven. Knowing that Hell could break through the gates of Heaven at any moment and that Heaven's forces have been seriously depleted and are no match for evil, Zera heads out to find God and return him to his throne. Keyed into the essence of God, she tracks him down and finds him in the human form of Jacob Fitzgerald. At first, he doesn't remember who he is. With Zera's revelation, his memories return and the two depart for Heaven. With his return, The Rapture begins. Later on, he is found by a now God-like Spawn after easily killing off many of Hell's forces during the Apocalypse.
Though she was one of the most powerful forces in Heaven and powerful enough to completely bisect Spawn, Zera was unable to match the power of a Deity that Spawn had acquired. When Spawn decided to stop holding back, he easily killed Zera's avatar and easily defeated Zera by ripping out all of her organs. Though defeated, Zera swore that she would be back and she would never stop trying to kill Spawn. Spawn decapitated her and brought the head in front of God himself, to whom she apologized for her failure.
She reappeared once more in Spawn issue 169: Voodoo Child. In this issue she is seen again now as a rotting severed head immersed in preservative liquids within a glass container. Because God loved her above all others, she had been granted immortality, and so is unable to die, even though she no longer has the rest of her body. She attempts to possess Nyx, but Spawn interferes after being summoned by the Voodoo priestess Mambo Suzanne. Zera uses Nyx's body to successfully do battle with Spawn. Mambo Suzanne, however uses the conflict as a distraction to shatter the glass containing Zera's head and throw the head to streets below. There, demon dogs devour the head until there is nothing left, thereby freeing Nyx from Zera's possession. However, due to Zera's immortality she cannot die. But how she will continue to exist without a body is left unexplained.
Other media
To commemorate the 14th anniversary of the comic, McFarlane Toys released a Zera action figure in its 29th Spawn line of toys.
See also
Spawn villains
References
Fictional angels
Fictional avatars
Fictional queens
Fictional warlords
Comics characters who use magic
Fictional women soldiers and warriors
Image Comics characters with superhuman strength
Image Comics female superheroes
Characters created by Todd McFarlane
Mythology in comics
Spawn characters
Image Comics female supervillains |
4028805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky%20VS-44 | Sikorsky VS-44 | The Sikorsky VS-44 was a large four-engined flying boat built in the United States in the early 1940s by Sikorsky Aircraft. Based on the XPBS-1 patrol bomber, the VS-44 was designed primarily for the transatlantic passenger market, with a capacity of 40+ passengers. Three units were produced: Excalibur, Excambian, and Exeter, plus two XPBS-1 prototypes.
Development
In the early 1930s, the primary mode of long-distance air travel over oceans was in flying boats, due to the ease of constructing docking facilities on shore without having to construct runways, and the possibility of malfunction forcing a sea landing. One flying boat designer was Russian immigrant Igor Sikorsky who had founded Sikorsky Aero Engineering Company when he came to the US in 1919. In 1930, his company became a subsidiary of United Aircraft.
XPBS-1 patrol bomber
In March 1935, the United States Navy was making plans for a new patrol bomber that would have increased performance and weapon load capability from their newly procured Consolidated YP3Y-1. Prototypes were ordered from Sikorsky in June 1935 and Consolidated Aircraft in July 1936. Sikorsky's entry, the XPBS-1 (Bureau Number 9995), made its first flight on 9 September 1937, the Consolidated XPB2Y-1 on 17 December of the same year.
The XPBS-1 was evaluated by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1938, but the Navy contract went to Consolidated. The XPBS-1 remained in naval service, temporarily operated by Patrol Wing Five at Norfolk, Virginia in 1939, then by Patrol Wing Two at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, until it was finally assigned to transport squadron VR-2 at Naval Air Station Alameda, in 1940. On 30 June 1942, the XPBS-1 hit a submerged log upon landing at NAS Alameda. Among its passengers was CINCPAC Admiral Chester W. Nimitz who suffered minor injuries. One member of the flight crew, Lieutenant Thomas M. Roscoe, died. The XPBS-1 sank and was lost.
VS-44 commercial flying boat
By 1940 Sikorsky had merged with Chance Vought under the umbrella of United Aircraft and hoped to regain the Pan Am Clipper routes once serviced by their S-42 with the new Vought-Sikorsky VS-44, based on the XPBS-1.
A single deck seaplane with four twin-row Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasps rated at each, the new aircraft was in length and weighed in at for takeoff. The Boeing 314 Clipper was larger and had more powerful Wright Twin Cyclones of , but the VS-44 was faster and could fly an average payload more than , outdistancing the big Boeing by , giving it the longest full-payload range of any aircraft. The VS-44 brought home several new world records after it went into operation, but missed out on a Pan Am contract, which instead purchased the Martin M-130 and later the Boeing 314 Clipper. The VS-44's limited production would never recoup the development costs.
Operational service
Commercial service
American Export Airlines (AEA) ordered three VS-44s, dubbed ‘Flying Aces’ and named Excalibur (NX41880; later as NC41880), Excambian (no NX; later as NC41881), and Exeter (no NX; later as NC41882) after the parent company's Four Aces passenger liners. AEA had grown out of the American Export Lines steamship line, so naturally these planes gave nothing away to cruise ships. Sikorsky's standard of luxury boasted full-length beds, dressing rooms, full galley, snack bar, lounge and fully controlled ventilation.
World War II
With the American entry into World War II, 200 of the nation's 360 airliners were requisitioned for military service. AEA's three VS-44's, now with the Navy designation JR2S-1, continued flying between New York and Foynes, Ireland, carrying passengers, freight and materiel. The first VS-44, Excalibur, crashed on takeoff in 1942 at Botwood, Newfoundland, killing 11 of 37 aboard. A proposed licensed version of the VS-44 to be built by Nash-Kelvinator, the JRK-1, was canceled due to the availability of the impressed JR2S aircraft.
Postwar service
After the war, the two remaining VS-44s continued to fly for AEA, now renamed American Overseas Airlines (AOA) and operated by American Airlines.
In 1946, Exeter was sold to TACI of Montevideo, Uruguay, as CX-AIR. It crashed on August 15, 1947 while landing in the River Plate off Montevideo when (allegedly) returning from a smuggling flight to Paraguayan rebels. Four out of the five crew were killed, but both passengers survived.
In 1949, AOA sold Excambian to Tampico Airlines. A short-lived effort to restore the only remaining VS-44 to run freight in the Amazon was unsuccessful, leaving the flying boat stranded in Ancon Harbor, Peru.
By the late 1950s, two Southern California businessmen had heard of the Excambians plight and had her ferried to Long Beach, where restoration work began. Dick Probert and Walter von Kleinsmid of Avalon Air Transport, (AAT) thought the VS-44 would be perfect for the Catalina tourist trade. AAT named her Mother Goose, to complement the line's Grumman Goose amphibians, and plans were made to utilize her for summer travel. In the winter, N41881 would undergo maintenance. Avalon Air Transport was later renamed Catalina Air Lines and continued to operate the aircraft until the late 1960s.
Excambian carried thousands of passengers for AAT until 1967 when it was sold to Charles Blair of Antilles Air Boats. Blair, husband of actress Maureen O'Hara, acquired Excambian to ferry passengers among the Virgin Islands including service to the Charlotte Amalie Harbor Seaplane Base on St. Thomas and the Christiansted Harbor Seaplane Base on St. Croix. On January 3, 1969 she was extensively damaged by rocks while taxiing at Charlotte Amalie, US Virgin Islands. Damaged beyond economic repair, it was beached in March 1972 and converted into a hot dog stand.
Restoration and museum
In 1976, Excambian was donated by Charles Blair, original Chief Pilot of the VS-44, to the National Naval Aviation Museum at NAS Pensacola, Florida. In 1983, the Navy transferred the aircraft on permanent loan to the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. The heavily corroded Flying Boat was then shipped by barge from the Gulf of Mexico to Bridgeport, CT. Unloaded by crane, it was trucked a short distance to the Sikorsky Memorial Airport in Stratford, CT. A temporary Nissen hut-style hangar was erected at the airport in front of hangars three and four for the project. This put the VS-44A less than 1000 feet away from the original hangar she was built in, across the street at the (then) Avco Lycoming Engine Plant. In 1987 the restoration of the Excambian began, and it was decided to restore the rare flying boat to its post-WWII American Export Airlines livery. The restoration was conducted by a team of highly trained volunteers, many of them former Sikorsky workers who had originally built the VS-44As there 50 years ago. The combined support from Sikorsky and Avco Lycoming was crucial for the success of the restoration. On June 18, 1997, after ten years of restoration, the VS-44A was transferred to the New England Air Museum. It was there that the plane was assembled and painted. In October 1998 a ceremony was held to dedicate the aircraft. The "Excambian" is the last remaining American-built commercial trans-ocean four-engine flying boat. After the project had been completed, the restoration team located in Stratford began looking at creating its own museum. With the assistance of local senator George "Doc" Gunther, the Connecticut Air & Space Center was founded in 1998. Today the museum is located in building 6, the former Chance Vought R&D Experimental hangar.
Specifications (VS-44A)
References
Notes
Bibliography
Bill Maloney's pictures of the VS44A at the New England Air Museum
Popular Science, November 1941, "New Planes For Ocean Travel" early article on VS-44 with cutaway drawing of VS-44 on page 83 of three page article.
"Sikorsky VS-44 Flying Boat" YouTube excellent photos
External links
Video slideshow of Sikorsky VS-44 Flying Boats
VS-044
1940s United States airliners
Flying boats
Four-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Four-engined piston aircraft |
4028813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Walkers%20of%20Southgate | The Walkers of Southgate | The Walkers of Southgate were an English cricketing family who lived at Arnos Grove house in Southgate, Middlesex, England. The family fortune was partly built through the brewing company Taylor Walker, and the Walker brothers - seven of the twelve children of brewer Isaac Walker (1794-1853) and Sarah Sophia Taylor (1801-1864) - were all sent to Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where they became keen cricketers. The brothers were the nephews of cricketer Henry Walker and the great-grandchildren of merchant Isaac Walker.
Cricket
The three eldest brothers originally played for the Southgate Albert, the village team, on the bumpy Chapel Fields wicket until John had the ground re-turfed in the early 1850s. The brothers founded the Southgate Cricket Club in 1855, a Middlesex team in 1859, the official Middlesex County Cricket Club in 1864, and were instrumental in establishing the home of the county at Lords in 1877. In 1859, the first match played by the Middlesex team was held in Southgate against Kent, who were defeated by 78 runs.
Although Test cricket only started in 1877, four of the brothers played in the United All-England Eleven prior to that date. Both the United All-England team and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) would visit Southgate to take on the brothers and their team, attended by crowds of up to 10,000.
Their cricket ground Chapel Fields in Waterfall Road, Southgate became the Walker Cricket Ground in 1907 and is maintained by the Walker Trust to this day.
The brothers
The seven Walker brothers were:
John Walker (1826-1885)
Alfred Walker (1827-1870)
Frederic Walker (1829-1889)
Arthur Henry Walker (1833-1878)
Vyell Edward Walker (1837-1906)
Russell Donnithorne Walker (1842-1922)
Isaac Donnithorne Walker (1844-1898)
The brothers had an uncle who also was a cricketer:
Henry Walker (1807-1872)
The entomologist Francis Walker was another uncle.
The brothers are all buried in the family vault in the churchyard of Christ Church, Southgate.
References
Further reading
The Walkers of Southgate - a Famous Brotherhood of Cricketers by W. A. Bettesworth, Methuen, 1900.
English cricketers
Middlesex cricketers
People from Southgate, London
People educated at Harrow School
Walker family of Southgate |
4028814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Season%20in%20Hell%20%28disambiguation%29 | A Season in Hell (disambiguation) | A Season in Hell (Une Saison en Enfer) is a poetic work by Arthur Rimbaud.
A Season in Hell may also refer to:
A Season in Hell (1971 film), a 1971 drama film starring Terence Stamp
A Season in Hell (1964 film), a 1964 Australian TV film
Une saison en enfer (album) (translated as A Season in Hell), a 1991 album by singer-songwriter Léo Ferré, who set the whole eponymous poetic work of Rimbaud into music
A Season in Hell (album), a 2006 album by Chicago pop-punk band October Fall
A Season in Hell, a 1989 novel by Jack Higgins
A Season in Hell, an album from film Eddie and the Cruisers |
4028819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komsomolsky | Komsomolsky | Komsomolsky (masculine), Komsomolskoye (neuter), or Komsomolskaya (feminine) may refer to:
Divisions
Komsomolsky District, several districts in the countries of the former Soviet Union
Komsomolskoye Urban Settlement, several municipal urban settlements in Russia
Komsomolskoye Microdistrict, a part of the city of Kaliningrad, Russia
Populated places
Komsomolsky, Russia (Komsomolskaya, Komsomolskoye), several inhabited localities in Russia
Komsomolskyi (Komsomolsky), an urban-type settlement in Ukraine
Komsomolske, Donetsk Oblast (Komsomolskoye), a town in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine
Metro stations
Komsomolskaya (Koltsevaya Line), a station of the Moscow Metro, Moscow, Russia
Komsomolskaya (Sokolnicheskaya Line), a station of the Moscow Metro, Moscow, Russia
Komsomolskaya (Nizhny Novgorod Metro), a station of the Nizhny Novgorod Metro, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Komsomolskaya (Volgograd Metrotram), a station of the Volgograd Metrotram, Volgograd, Russia
Komsomolskaya, former name of Devyatkino, a station of the St. Petersburg Metro, Russia
Komsomolska (Komsomolskaya), former name of Palats Sportu, a station of the Kharkiv Metro, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Komsomolska (Komsomolskaya), former name of Chernihivska, a station of the Kyiv Metro, Kyiv, Ukraine
Komsomolskaya, former name of Milliy Bog, a station of the Tashkent Metro, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Other
Komsomolskaya Square (Moscow), a square in central Moscow, Russia
Komsomolskaya (Antarctic research station), a former Soviet research station in the Australian Antarctic Territory
See also
Komsomol (disambiguation)
Komsomolets (disambiguation)
Komsomolsk (disambiguation) |
4028822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Lochhead | Kenneth Lochhead | Kenneth Campbell Lochhead, (May 22, 1926 – July 15, 2006) was a Canadian professor and painter. He was the brother of poet Douglas Lochhead.
Career
Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Lochhead attended the Summer Art School at Queen's University in 1944. From 1945 to 1948, he attended the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia. From 1946 to 1948, he studied at the Barnes Foundation near Philadelphia.
From 1950 to 1964, he was the director of the School of Art at the University of Saskatchewan – Regina Campus. Among his pupils there was Joan Rankin. From 1964 to 1973, he was an associate professor in the School of Fine Arts at the University of Manitoba. From 1973 to 1975, he was a professor in the Department of Visual Arts, Faculty of Fine Arts at York University. From 1975 to 1989, he was a professor in the Department of Visual Arts at the University of Ottawa.
In 1961, he exhibited his paintings as part of the Regina Five at the National Gallery of Canada with Art McKay, Ron Bloore, Ted Godwin, and Doug Morton. Along with McKay, ne was included in Clement Greenberg's 1964 Post-Painterly Abstraction exhibition.
In 1970, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada "for his contribution to the development of painting, especially in Western Canada, as an artist and teacher". In 2006, he was awarded the Governor General's Awards in Visual and Media Arts. He was made a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
He died of colorectal cancer in Ottawa in 2006.
Books illustrated
Looking into Trees (Sackville NB: Sybertooth, 2009)
References
External links
Kenneth Lochhead's official website
University of Regina Archives and Special Collections. Ken Lochhead Fonds. https://www.uregina.ca/library/services/archives/collections/art-architecture/lockhhead.html
1926 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
20th-century Canadian painters
Canadian male painters
21st-century Canadian painters
Officers of the Order of Canada
Artists from Ottawa
University of Manitoba faculty
University of Ottawa faculty
University of Saskatchewan faculty
York University faculty
Deaths from cancer in Ontario
Artists from Saskatchewan
Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts winners
20th-century Canadian male artists
21st-century Canadian male artists |
4028827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph%20Hall | Rudolph Hall | Rudolph Hall, also known as the Yale Art and Architecture Building or the A & A Building, is one of the earliest and best known examples of Brutalist architecture in the United States. The building houses Yale University's School of Architecture (it once also housed the School of Art) and is located in New Haven, Connecticut.
Construction
Designed by the building's namesake, architect Paul Rudolph, and completed in 1963, the complex building contains over thirty floor levels in its seven stories. The building is made of ribbed, bush-hammered concrete. The design was influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright's Larkin Administration Building, in Buffalo, NY and the later buildings of Le Corbusier.
When the building first opened, it was praised widely by critics and academics, and received several prestigious awards, including the Award of Honor by the American Institute of Architects. New York Times architecture critic, Ada Louise Huxtable, called it "a spectacular tour de force." As time went by, however, the critical reaction to the building became more negative. Architecture historian Nikolaus Pevsner bemoaned the structure's oppressive monumentality.
Fire
A large fire on the night of June 14, 1969 caused extensive damage and during the repairs, many changes were made to Rudolph's original design. Some have claimed that the fire was the result of arson committed by a disgruntled student, but this charge has remained unproven.
Renovation
Appreciation of the structure has increased in recent years, with Yale investing $126 million for the building's renovation.
The School of Art moved out to its own building and the edifice is undergoing an addition and renovation with the intent of restoring it to the design originally envisioned by Rudolph. The renewed structure will restore the rooftop penthouse, a dismantled student lounge, and previously destroyed bridges and will be adjoined to a new Art History department.
The commission for the renovation went to Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects, of which Charles Gwathmey was a Yale Architecture alumnus and former Rudolph student. Previous renovation schemes by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Richard Meier, and Beyer Blinder Belle have been commissioned.
See also
Yale School of Architecture
Yale School of Art
References
External links
"The Building That Won't Go Away," article in Yale alumni magazine
Gwathmey Siegel Yale University School of Art and Architecture Renovation and new History of Art Building and Arts Library project page
Flickr photoset (152 photos)
photo page at Bluffton College
Article on building renovation from Yale Daily News (February 2008)
AIArchitect article
University and college buildings completed in 1963
University and college academic buildings in the United States
Art and Architecture Building
Paul Rudolph buildings
Brutalist architecture in Connecticut
Yale School of Art
Yale School of Architecture |
4028835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sis%20Ram%20Ola | Sis Ram Ola | Sis Ram Ola (30 July 1927 – 15 December 2013) was a member of the 15th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Jhunjhunu constituency of Rajasthan and was a member of the Indian National Congress.
He was a member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from 1957 to 1990, and from 1980 to 1990 he was a cabinet minister in the Government of Rajasthan. From 1993 to 1996, he was again a Member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. In 1996, he was elected to the 11th Lok Sabha; he was Union Minister of State for Chemicals and Fertilizers (Independent Charge) from 1996 to 1997 and Union Minister of State for Water Resources (Independent Charge) from 1997 to 1998. He was re-elected to the 12th Lok Sabha in 1998, the 13th Lok Sabha in 1999, the 14th Lok Sabha in 2004, and the 15th Lok Sabha in 2009. He was Union Cabinet Minister of Labour and Employment from 23 May 2004 to 27 November 2004 and was Union Cabinet Minister of Mines in Dr. Manmohan Singh's government. He was also jila pramukh of Jhujhunu and his son Bijender Ola is a MLA from Jhunjhunu and was a former minister in the Rajasthan government.
Sis Ram Ola was the recipient of the Padma Shri award in 1968 for social work. Started girls education in a remote area in rural Rajasthan with three girls in the school known as Indira Gandhi Balika Niketan Ardawata in 1952; as a result of his efforts since 1952, brought Jhunjhunu district to third place in literacy (in Rajasthan) according to 2011 census.
Sis Ram Ola died in Medanta Hospital, Gurgoan on 15 December 2013 because of cardiac arrest. He had been admitted in a Gurgaon hospital with a cardiac complaint. Positions Held
1957-1990 and 1993-96 Member, Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
1980-1990 Cabinet Minister, Government of Rajasthan for ten years (incharge of Panchayati Raj, Rural Development, Forest and Environment, Public Health, Engineering Department, Irrigation, Transport, Co-operatives, Excise, Under-ground Water and Soldiers` Welfare)
1960-77 Zila Pramukh, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan
1960-95 Member, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee (P.C.C.),
Member, Executive Committee, R.P.C.C.,
Chairman, Kisan Cell, R.P.C.C., Rajasthan
Treasurer, P.C.C., Rajasthan
Member, Pradesh Congress Election Committee
Member, Executive, Congress Legislative Party, Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
1972 onwards Member, All India Congress Committee (A.I.C.C.)
1996 Elected to 11th Lok Sabha
1996-97 Union Minister of State, Chemicals and Fertilizers (Independent Charge)
1997-98 Union Minister of State, Water Resources (Independent Charge)
1998 Re-elected to 12th Lok Sabha (2nd term)
1998-99 Member, Committee on Commerce and its Sub-Committee on Textiles
Member, Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament
Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Defence
1999 Re-elected to 13th Lok Sabha (3rd term)
1999-2004 Member, Committee on Petitions
Member, Committee on Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme
Member, Committee on Food, Civil Supplies and Public Distribution
2004 Elected to 14th Lok Sabha (4th term)
2009 elected to 15th Lok Sabha (5th Term)
23 May 2004-27 Nov. 2004 Union Cabinet Minister, Labour and Employment
27 Nov. 2004 onwards Union Cabinet Minister, Mines
2009: Elected Congress MP from Jhunjhunu
June 17, 2013 : sworn as Cabinet Minister for Labour.
References
|-
1927 births
2013 deaths
Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan
15th Lok Sabha members
Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work
Rajasthani people
People from Jhunjhunu district
11th Lok Sabha members
12th Lok Sabha members
13th Lok Sabha members
14th Lok Sabha members
Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan
All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) politicians
Social workers
20th-century Indian educators
Social workers from Rajasthan
Mining ministers of India
Labour ministers of India
Members of the Cabinet of India |
4028844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawn%20Phillips | Shawn Phillips | Shawn Phillips (born February 3, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter and musician, primarily influential in the 1960s and 1970s. His work is rooted in folk rock but straddles other genres, including jazz fusion and funk. Phillips has recorded twenty-six albums and worked with musicians including Donovan, Paul Buckmaster, J. Peter Robinson, Eric Clapton, Steve Winwood, Bernie Taupin, Tim Hardin, Manos Hatzidakis and many others.
Rock impresario Bill Graham described the Texas-born musician as "the best kept secret in the music business". Phillips' AllMusic biography states: "His refusal to pigeonhole his music – which seamlessly melds folk, rock, jazz, funk, progressive, pop, electro, classical, and global folk traditions – to meet anyone else's expectations allowed him to retain his cult following without ever achieving the stardom that his talent seemed to merit."
Biography
Phillips was born in Fort Worth, Texas, the son of James Atlee Phillips, writer of spy novels under the pseudonym of Philip Atlee, and nephew of CIA officer David Atlee Phillips. He grew up in various locations around the world, including Tahiti, and learned to play guitar as a child. He returned to live in Texas in the late 1950s, and, after a time in the U.S. Navy, moved to California.
He played in folk clubs in the early 1960s, alongside singer-songwriter Tim Hardin, comedian Lenny Bruce and others, and when in Saskatoon, Canada, met and taught guitar techniques to aspiring singer Joni Anderson (later Mitchell). He recorded his first single, an adaptation of Bob Gibson's version of "Frankie and Johnnie" (credited as "The New Frankie & Johnnie Song"), in 1964. While travelling to India, he stopped in London and met record producer Denis Preston, who signed him to Columbia Records. Phillips released two albums on the label, I'm a Loner (1965) and Shawn (1966), though neither was successful. During this period, Phillips also met Donovan. The pair ultimately collaborated on several songs, including "Season of the Witch", for which Phillips (though uncredited) composed the melody. Phillips also appeared on several of Donovan's albums, including Fairytale (on which Phillips is credited as co-writer of "Little Tin Soldier"), Sunshine Superman, and Mellow Yellow. Through Donovan, he met The Beatles and contributed backing vocals on "Lovely Rita".
In 1967, he left England after his work permit expired and after a period in Paris moved to Positano in Italy, while continuing to tour. He returned to England to write and perform, with The Djinn, the music for the controversial Jane Arden play Vagina Rex and the Gas Oven at the Arts Laboratory on Drury Lane in London in February 1969. Sponsored by Dick James, he also recorded material with Steve Winwood, Jim Capaldi and Chris Wood of Traffic. This was intended to become a trilogy of albums, combining songs together with instrumental pieces and verse readings. He was signed by A&M Records, but they decided to release only one album, comprising only Phillips' songs, which was released as Contribution (1970). The album, which ranged from folk rock to "introspective quasi-classical guitar pieces" was relatively successful, and Phillips released a string of further albums on A&M through the 1970s, starting with Second Contribution (1970), and Collaboration (1971).
The song with which he is most widely associated is "She Was Waiting For Her Mother At The Station In Torino And You Know I Love You Baby But It's Getting Too Heavy To Laugh", more commonly known as "Woman", from the Second Contribution album.
Phillips continued to tour and secured a standing ovation for his impromptu solo performance at the 1970 Isle of Wight Festival. He was also approached to be the lead in the Broadway production of Jesus Christ Superstar, and started rehearsing the show, but withdrew because of contractual disagreements with the show's producer, Robert Stigwood. He recorded successfully throughout the 1970s, with four of his albums – Faces (1972; No. 57), Bright White (1973; No. 72), Furthermore (1974; No. 50), and Do You Wonder (1975; No. 101) – reaching the Billboard pop LP chart in the U.S. In addition, the singles "Lost Horizon" (No. 63) and "We" (No. 92) appeared on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1973.
According to Bruce Eder at Allmusic, his 1970s recordings "established his reputation for boundless, nearly peerless creativity and virtuosity... [as a] 12-string guitarist combined with his four-octave vocal range.....Writers lavished praise on Phillips for his unusual lyrics, haunting melodies, daunting musicianship, and the ambition of his records. He was a complete enigma, American-born but raised internationally, with a foreigner's keen appreciation for all the music of his homeland and a seasoned traveler's love of world music, with none of the usual limits on his thinking about music." Eder continued: "Phillips never achieved major stardom, despite his critical accolades. He never courted an obvious commercial sound, preferring to write songs that, as he put it, 'make you feel different from the way you felt before you started listening,' primarily love songs and sonic landscapes."
Later in the 1970s, Phillips began experimenting with jazz and funk music. using electronic keyboards. He moved to RCA Records, and released Transcendence (1978), on which he played with Herbie Hancock and a symphony orchestra. He also wrote music for movies. After moving from Italy back to Los Angeles, he recorded Beyond Here Be Dragons with musicians including Alphonso Johnson, Caleb Quaye, J. Peter Robinson, and Ralph Humphrey; the album was released in 1988.
Phillips retired from music in the mid-1990s and qualified as an emergency medical technician (EMT) and firefighter in Texas. He moved to near Port Elizabeth, South Africa in 2000 with his wife Juliette and worked as a paramedic with the National Sea Rescue Institute. His album No Category, containing a mix of new and unreleased music featuring his longtime collaborators Paul Buckmaster and Peter Robinson, was released in 2002. In 2007, his first live album, Living Contribution, was released, along with a live DVD of the same title. His early recordings were reissued on CD during the 1990s, together with several compilations of his work.
Since 2016, Phillips has resided in Louisville, Kentucky, with Juliette and their son, Liam. He now divides his time between writing, recording, touring, and his EMT work.
Of his EMT work, he says: “One of my EMT calls was an 89-year-old woman named Clara, who had fractured her pelvis from stepping out of bed too hard. I took a great deal of care to keep her from suffering before we transferred to Austin EMS. I said to her, ‘We’re gonna give you over to these guys, but you’re in very good hands.’ She was very frightened. As I left, she grabbed me by the arm, looked me in the eyes, and said, ‘Thank you so much for taking care of me.’ And the music business just disappeared into the distance. I got a double standing ovation in front of 657,000 people at the Isle of Wight in the 1970s. You can imagine the rush. But that moment with Clara was much more powerful, because that work is immediate. It’s as real as you can get.”
In an interview with Chicago music critic Scott Itter, Phillips was reminded that he had once been described as "the best kept secret in the music business" by the late rock impresario Bill Graham. Asked why he was still "a secret" to many people, Phillips replied:
Family and personal life
Before moving to Louisville, Kentucky, in 2016 with his wife, Juliette, and then-12-year-old son Liam, (named after his younger brother) Phillips lived in Italy and in South Africa.
Phillips's uncle, David Atlee Phillips, was a top CIA officer who was associated with the alleged assassin Lee Harvey Oswald.
Discography
Studio albums
I'm a Loner (1965) [re-issued in Canada as Favourite Things]
Shawn (1966) Columbia Records [re-issued in Canada as First Impressions]
Contribution (1970)
Second Contribution (1970) US No. 208, Canada No. 68
Collaboration (1971)
Faces (1972) US No. 57, Canada No. 38
Bright White (1973) US No. 72, Canada No. 50
Furthermore (1974), A&M Records US No. 50, Canada No. 56
Do You Wonder (1974) US No. 101, Canada No. 42
Rumplestiltskin's Resolve (1975) US No. 201
Spaced (1977)
Transcendence (1978) RCA Records
Favourite Things (1987) Capitol Records
Beyond Here Be Dragons (1983) Wounded Bird Records
The Truth If It Kills (1994)
No Category (2002) Universal Records / Fat Jack Records
Reflections (2012)
Perspective (2013)
Infinity (2014)
Continuance (2017)
Live albums
Living Contribution: Both Sides (2007) Sheer Sound
At the BBC (2009) Hux Records
Live in the seventies (2022) TLAK Records
Greatest hits
Best of Shawn Phillips (1990)
The Best of Shawn Phillips: The A&M Years (1992)
Another Contribution: Anthology (1995)
Contribution/Second Contribution (2004)
Singles
"A Christmas Song" (1970, A&M AMS-819)
"We" (US #89, 1972, A&M 1402)
"Lost Horizon" (US #63, 1973, A&M 1405)
"Anello (Where Are You)" (1973, A&M 1435)
"Bright White" (1973, A&M 1482) (#62 Canada)
"Do You Wonder" (1974, A&M 1750) (#89 Canada)
Collaborations
1965 – Fairytale by Donovan: 12-string guitar on "Summer Day Reflection Song" and "Jersey Thursday", wrote "The Little Tin Soldier"
1966 – Sunshine Superman by Donovan: sitar on 6 songs and co-wrote "Season Of The Witch" but was not credited
1967 – Mellow Yellow by Donovan: sitar on "Sunny South Kensington"
1969 – If Only For A Moment by Blossom Toes: guitar and sitar
1970 – Into The Fire by Wynder K. Frog: co-wrote, played guitar and sang on "Eddie's Tune"
1971 – Taupin by Bernie Taupin: co-wrote "To a Grandfather", "Today's Hero", "Ratcatcher" and "The Visitor"; played sitar, acoustic and electric 6 & 12 string guitars, koto and vocals
1971 – Say No More by Linda Lewis: guitar
1971 – Gilbert Montagné by Gilbert Montagné: guitar
1973 – New York Rock by Michael Kamen: co-wrote "Hot as the Sun" and "Indian Summer"
1980 – Cosmic Debris by Cosmic Debris: guitar, synthesizer and engineering
1981 – Keys by Light: vocals on "It's For You Part I" and "It's For You Part II"
References
External links
Official website
Official ReverbNation channel
Walking Through the Fields: The Shawn Phillips interview
Shawn Phillips at discogs.com
1943 births
Living people
People from Fort Worth, Texas
American expatriates in South Africa
American rock songwriters
American rock guitarists
Fingerstyle guitarists
American male guitarists
American folk singers
American rock singers
American male singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Texas
Winners of Yamaha Music Festival
Guitarists from Texas
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians |
4028847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmfare%20Award%20for%20Best%20Choreography | Filmfare Award for Best Choreography | The Filmfare Best Choreography Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films.
Although the awards started in 1954, the best choreography category did not start until 1989.
Saroj Khan with 8 wins holds the record of most awards in this category, followed by Farah Khan with 7 wins. Saroj Khan holds the record of being the first recipient of this award in 1989, when the Filmfare Best Choreography Award was started.
Saroj Khan also holds the record of winning the award consecutively for 3 years making a hat trick at the Filmfare Awards in 1989,1990,1991.
Awards
Here is a list of the award winners and the films for which they won.
See also
Filmfare Awards
Bollywood
Cinema of India
References
Choreography
Indian choreography awards |
4028882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Monaco at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Monaco competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
For the first time since 1984, the team did not include Prince Albert of Monaco, who became the ruler of the Principality following the death of his father Rainier III.
Alpine skiing
Note: In the men's combined, run 1 is the downhill, and runs 2 and 3 are the slalom. In the women's combined, run 1 and 2 are the slalom, and run 3 the downhill.
Bobsleigh
Despite the absence of Prince Albert, a bobsleigh team from Monaco competed.
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006 Winter Olympics
Winter Olympics |
4028884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockwiser | Clockwiser | Clockwiser is a video game, developed by Team Hoi for the Amiga, MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows. It was published in 1994 by Rasputin Software.
There are over hundred levels, which consist of various arrangements of blocks. Each level is divided into two sections, an active one on the left and a static one on the right. The player's task is to make the section on the left look exactly like the one on the right. The player cannot move individual blocks directly; instead, the player can select a rectangle-shaped group of blocks and move them along the rectangle's edge, either clockwise or counterclockwise. The blocks are subject to gravity, so moving a block on top of empty space makes it fall down. On later levels, various other objects come into play, such as metal blocks that can't be moved, teleporters, and bombs which destroy blocks they fall on.
Legacy
In 2008, the game was ported to Java and published online. In 2010, the game was ported to Android. In 2014, the game was ported to iOS, making the game available on post iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch devices.
External links
Clockwiser on iTunes
The free online version of Clockwiser
Legal downloads of the Amiga & PC versions, and interview with co-designer Rainier van Vliet
1994 video games
Amiga games
Amiga CD32 games
DOS games
Android (operating system) games
IOS games
Online games
Browser games
Video games developed in the Netherlands |
4028886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Hill%2C%20Countess%20of%20Hillsborough | Mary Hill, Countess of Hillsborough | Mary Hill, Countess of Hillsborough (née Stawell; 27 January 1726 – 29 July 1780) was an English peeress, a daughter of Edward Stawell, 4th Baron Stawell.
On 11 September 1750, she married Henry Bilson-Legge (a son of the 1st Earl of Dartmouth) and they later had a son, Henry (1757–1820). Upon the death of her father in 1755, she inherited her father's estate but not his title, but was later created Baroness Stawell, of Somerton in the County of Somerset, in 1760, in her own right.
Her husband died in 1764 and in 1768 she married the 1st Earl of Hillsborough and became Countess of Hillsborough. Her second husband was created Marquess of Downshire after her death.
Notes
1726 births
1780 deaths
Stawell, Mary Hill, 1st Baroness
British countesses
Irish countesses
Daughters of barons
Hereditary peeresses created by George II
Mary
Mary |
4028894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science%20Made%20Stupid | Science Made Stupid | Science Made Stupid: How to Discomprehend the World Around Us is a 1985 book written and illustrated by Tom Weller. The winner of the 1986 Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book, it is a parody of a junior high or high school-level science textbook. Though now out of print, high-resolution scans are available online, as well as an abridged transcription, both of which have been endorsed by Weller. Highlights of the book include a satirical account of the creationism vs. evolution debate and Weller's drawings of fictional prehistoric animals (e.g., the duck-billed mastodon). The style has been compared to Mad magazine.
Weller released a companion volume, Culture Made Stupid (also spelled Cvltvre Made Stvpid), which satirizes literature and the humanities.
References
External links
Science Made Stupid Library of Congress 84012938
Science Made Stupid, online with the author's permission
1985 books
Satirical books
Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book winning works
Science textbooks |
4028922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponteland%20United%20F.C. | Ponteland United F.C. | Ponteland United Football Club is a football club based in Ponteland, Northumberland, England, UK. They are currently members of the and play at Ponteland Leisure Centre.
History
Formed back in 1900, Ponteland joined the Northern Alliance at the start of the 1983–84 season, finishing 9th out of 14 in their first season. They played in the league until 1988, when the Northern Alliance split into a three-division format. Since then, Ponteland have always remained in the Premier Division apart from a short time in Division One from 2012 until the 2015/16 season.
The club has finished runner-up twelve time in three different competitions, their highest league positions were in the 1996–97 and 1998–99 seasons, finishing second both times and in 2006–07, they finished 3rd out of 15 teams. They have also finished runners-up in the Northern Alliance Challenge Cup four times −1984-85, 1990–91, 1993–94, and 1997–98. And have been beaten finalists six times in the Northern Alliance Stan Seymour League Cup, including a run of four finals from 1991–1995, during which they lost against different opponents each time.
The club has very sporadically won silverware, winning the Northumberland FA Senior Cup on 2 occasions in 1996 and 2005. The club had to wait until 2010 however before winning the league cup, defeating Shankhouse 3–1 in the Kicks Leisure Challenge Cup.
Following on from their first major league cup honours, Ponteland went on a fantastic run in the 2010–11 season, clinching their first ever league title and pipping Alnwick Town to the championship with a last minute winner against Blyth town (Pont were due to finish 2nd before the goal was scored).
The club also competed in the FA Vase from 1985 to 1997, their best runs being reaching the Third Round in 1992–93 and 1993–94.
Although they always had a reputation as a tough Premier Division side having never been relegated, they finally fell out of the Premier Division in 2012 after a very bad season but returned in 2015/16.
Honours
Northern Alliance Challenge Cup
Runners-up 1984–85, 1990–91, 1993–94, 1997–98
Stan Seymour League Cup
Runners-up 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1996–97, 1998–99
Benevolent Bowl
Winners 1995–96, 2004–05
Northern Alliance Premier Division
Winners 2010–11
Runners-up 1996–97, 1998–99
Kicks Leisure Challenge Cup
Winners 2009–10
Records
FA Vase
Third Round 1992–93, 1993–94
References
External links
Northern Football Alliance
Ponteland United FC Official Website
Football clubs in England
Football clubs in Northumberland
1900 establishments in England
Association football clubs established in 1900
Northern Football Alliance |
4028923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20T.%20Schlosberg | Richard T. Schlosberg | Richard T. Schlosberg III (born c. 1944) is an American business leader who has served in executive positions at a number of newspapers and other organizations.
Schlosberg graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1965. As a young Air Force officer, Schlosberg served two tours of duty in Southeast Asia where he flew over 200 combat support missions as a KC-135 Stratotanker pilot.
After graduating with honors from Harvard Business School, Schlosberg went on to begin a career in publishing. He served in positions at a few newspapers, including: president of the Corpus Christi Caller-Times; publisher and CEO of the Denver Post; and president, publisher, and CEO of the Los Angeles Times from 1994 to 1997. In 1999, Schlosberg became president and CEO of the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, one of the nation's largest philanthropic foundations. He retired from this position in 2004. Schlosberg has also served on the board of directors of National Junior Achievement, the Smithsonian Institution, the National Air and Space Museum, and southern California's public television station. He served as chairman of United Way campaigns in Denver and Los Angeles.
In the eBay Inc. Annual Report regarding 2013, he is listed as Director.
External links
1940s births
United States Air Force Academy alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
American philanthropists
American newspaper executives
Living people |
4028930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richhill%2C%20County%20Armagh | Richhill, County Armagh | Richhill is a large village and townland in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It lies between Armagh and Portadown. It had a population of 2,821 people in the 2011 Census.
Originally named Legacorry, it takes its name from Edward Richardson, who built the manor house around which the village grew.
Origins
At the beginning of the 1600s, the area of Richhill had long been part of the Irish Gaelic territory of Oneilland. In 1610, as part of the Plantation of Ulster, the land was granted to Englishman Francis Sacherevall. His granddaughter Ann married Edward Richardson, who was an English officer, Member of Parliament for County Armagh from 1655 to 1696, and High Sheriff of Armagh in 1665.
Around 1660, Richardson built a manor house on the site that would become Richhill, and in 1664 it was reported that there were twenty houses there. At this time, the village was named Legacorry, after the townland in which it sprang up. Legacorry comes .
In Thomas Molyneux's Journey to the North (1708), the townland appears as "Legacorry, a pretty village belonging to Mr Richardson". It gradually became known as Richardson's Hill and this was shortened to Rich Hill. The original gates to the manor house were wrought by two brothers named Thornberry from Falmouth, Cornwall and were erected in 1745. In 1936 they were moved to the entrance of Hillsborough Castle.
Village regeneration
In 2012, it was announced that work would begin on a £1.5 million regeneration scheme, which will transform the village and involve the restoration of about 20 buildings. The Richhill Partnership began work in 2013 with the concealing of overhead wires and cables on streets within the conservation area, and building restoration work began in early March.
Transport
The Ulster Railway opened Richhill railway station on the line between Belfast and Armagh on 1 March 1848. It was part of the Great Northern Railway from 1876. The Government of Northern Ireland forced the GNR Board to close the line on 1 October 1957.
Portadown is the nearest station run by Northern Ireland Railways with trains to Belfast Great Victoria Street and the Enterprise direct to Belfast Lanyon Place in the east and south to and Dublin Connolly. There are proposals to reopen railway lines in Northern Ireland, including the line to Armagh.
Sport
Broomhill F.C.
Richhill F.C.
Richhill Recreation Centre
Orchard Wheelers Cycling Club
Armagh and Richhill Beagles
Lodge Equine Stables and Pony Club Centre
Intouch Equestrian and Richhill Pony Club Centre
Richhill Raiders Volleyball Club
Churches
St Matthew's Church of Ireland
Richhill Methodist Church
Richhill Presbyterian Church
Quakers, The Society of Friends Richhill
Richhill Elim Church
Richhill Evangelical Presbyterian Church
Grace Community Church
Education
Hardy Memorial Primary School
Districts
Annareagh
Ballyleny
Ballynahinch
Corcreevy
Crewcat
Drumard (Jones)
Liskyborough
Maynooth
Mullaletragh
Rich Hill Town
Rich Hill or Legacorry
Rockmacreeny
Shewis
Notable people
Richard Best, judge
William Richardson, Member of Parliament
Max Clendinning, architect
Demographics
2011 Census
It had a population of 2,821 people (1,076 households) in the 2011 Census. Of these:
21.1% were aged under 16 years and 78.9% were aged 16 and over
49.6% of the population were male and 50.4% were female
6.4% were from a Catholic background and 88% were from a Protestant background
3.59% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed
2001 census
The NI Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) classifies Richhill as an intermediate settlement (i.e. with population between 2,250 and 4,500 people).
On Census day (29 April 2011) there were 2,818 people living in Richhill. Of these:
26.8% were aged under 16 years and 73.2% were aged 16 and over
49.8% of the population were male and 50.3% were female
3.4% were from a Catholic background and 94.6% were from a Protestant background
1.9% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed
See also
List of towns and villages in Northern Ireland
References
External links
Richhill online
Villages in County Armagh |
4028951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapped%20in%20a%20Purple%20Haze | Trapped in a Purple Haze | Trapped in a Purple Haze is a TV movie about drug abuse which originally aired on ABC in 2000; its title is a reference to the Jimi Hendrix song "Purple Haze". The film starred Jonathan Jackson, JoBeth Williams, and Carly Pope, with a supporting role by Hayden Christensen (who eventually beat Jackson for the part of Anakin Skywalker in the Star Wars prequel trilogy).
Plot
Chicago college student Max Hanson (Jackson) is a talented artist and hockey player. Though more interested in the latter, he is under pressure from his mother, Sophie (Williams) to pursue a career in art, influenced by the fact that she put her own career aside to raise the family and has just landed a coveted position with a local art gallery. Max's father, Ed (Colm Feore), is a tax attorney with a more laid-back approach to his son's future, just wanting him to be happy.
While working at the local video store with best friends Orin (Christensen) and Kate (Amy Stewart), a cute girl comes in with her friends seeking a copy of Arachnophobia, and Max is immediately smitten. After locating her on campus the next day, she introduces herself as Molly White (Pope), who already knows Max's name from his hockey jersey. She then gives Max her phone number and invites him to a party she's attending that night. Before long, Max and Molly are becoming an item, the two even managing to make love in his bedroom with his mother and younger sister Chloe in the house. However, Max soon finds out that Molly is a drug addict, as he accompanies her on a trek to score some heroin, which she promptly snorts.
Max invites Molly to Chloe's birthday party, and though she initially refuses to attend because it's the same night as a Smashing Pumpkins concert, she later relents. However, a minor argument erupts between her and Sophie, resulting in Molly leaving abruptly and putting the brakes on their budding relationship. Devastated, Max does his best to move on, but has a hard time doing so. Finally, he's taken to a party one night by Orin and Kate, where he promptly spots Molly. She asks if they can go somewhere and talk; he accepts, she apologizes, and the two make up.
The next day, Max visits Sophie at work and tries to express his feelings about Molly, but her response is less than positive. A short time later, Molly celebrates their new-found relationship by having them shoot up together in her apartment, and Max soon becomes hooked, neglecting his studies and job. Soon thereafter, Molly learns that she's three months behind on rent, and has a week to pay before being evicted. Not having enough money in his bank account to pay it, Max goes to the video store to get his paycheck, but having only worked two hours during the past week, that's all the pay he receives, and he is also given a pink slip. Sensing his friend may be in over his head, Orin offers to try to help Max, but all he wants is money to supposedly "fix the car" (though Orin sees right through this flimsy claim).
After returning home, Max takes $200 from Ed's wallet; when he gently attempts to approach the subject with his son, even offering to help him out of his financial situation, an argument erupts that culminates in Sophie striking Max. Feeling as though he can never go back home, Max and Molly (who was kicked out of her place) move in with her druggie friends. Not long after, Max shows up at the ice rink attempting to steal money from Orin in the locker room, but is caught in the act (during which time we learn Max has been kicked off the team).
Once back at the pad, Max catches Molly having sex with a man in exchange for drugs, and physically confronts him. Later, as their financial situation worsens, the couple is reduced to panhandling at the local mall, where Sophie spots Max, but says nothing until a few days later. After hearing this news, Ed and his other son Brian attempt to find Max, but are unsuccessful.
His addiction now totally out of control, Max tries to rob a local comic book store for drug money, but is caught by the police. Ed and Brian later bail Max out, and while Brian thinks he needs to be put into rehab, Ed insists he can take care of Max at home. However, the effects of withdrawal are in full swing, and it proves to be an uphill battle. Finally, after going into a rage, Max becomes unconscious and is taken to a hospital.
Once there, an arguments erupts between Ed and Sophie, with Sophie insisting that she did what anyone else would have done, but Ed retorts "that's a bunch of crap" and reminds her that neither he nor the kids made her stop painting; she did it all by herself, and that in her self-absorbed attitude, she failed to notice that all Max wanted was "to know it was OK to not be perfect".
The next day, a doctor informs the family that Max needs to get into a treatment program, but stresses the difficulty of doing so. However, while this discussion takes place, Max manages to slip out of the hospital and begins frantically searching for Molly, finally finding her in a sleazy motel room where she has died of a heroin overdose. Out of his mind with grief, Max shows up at Kate's apartment and begs her for money; when she refuses, he accuses her of "wanting" him and offers to prostitute himself. Enraged, Kate throws Max out of the apartment, but in his stupor, he takes a tumble down the stairwell.
The following morning, after his family had searched unsuccessfully for him, Max is brought home in a taxi, Kate by his side. Informing his mother of Molly's death, the two tearfully embrace, and as he prepares to leave for his month-long stay in rehab, he and Sophie finally reach an understanding. Sophie admits that she never saw Max for who he was and encourages him to be whatever he wants, telling Max that she loves him as the two embrace again. The film ends with Max saying goodbye to Brian and Chloe as he departs for rehab, before he and Ed drive away.
DVD release
The film was released on DVD in the United Kingdom, first in 2004 by Oddysey Video, and again in 2007 by Infinity Vid.
Although the film never received a DVD release in the United States, it has been widely rerun on both Lifetime and its sister channel Lifetime Movie Network in the years since its original airing.
External links
2000 films
2000 television films
2000 drama films
Films scored by Brian Tyler
Films about drugs
Films directed by Eric Laneuville
American drama television films
2000s American films |
4028963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghuvansh%20Prasad%20Singh | Raghuvansh Prasad Singh | Raghuvansh Prasad Singh (6 June 1946 – 13 September 2020) was an Indian socialist politician. In the Lok Sabha, he represented the Vaishali constituency of Bihar and was the national vice president of the Rashtriya Janata Dal political party. He was one of the senior most politicians in India as a people's representative in the legislature for four decades from 1977.
He started his political career when he was elected as an MLA and was subsequently made the Energy minister of Bihar in the Karpoori Thakur ministry. He had represented Belsand constituency five times in the Bihar vidhan sabha. He was made the member of Bihar legislative council in a 1991 post. He became the chairman of Bihar legislative council. He has represented Vaishali constituency from Bihar in Lok Sabha consecutively for five terms and has been in the Union cabinet for three terms. He was the Union Cabinet Minister for Rural Development in UPA-I of Manmohan Singh's government and is credited with conceptualization and implementation of NREGA (National rural employment guarantee act).
Singh died from complications from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in India at All India Institutes of Medical Sciences in New Delhi on 13 September 2020, at age 74. In his final days, Singh wrote an emotional letter to Lalu Prasad Yadav mentioning the humiliation meted out to him in his last days.
Early life and education
Singh was born in a Rajput family of Bihar. He was born to Ramvriksh Singh in the year 1946. He was a Professor and Ph.D. in mathematics and an expert in rural and agricultural landscape in India.
Political history
Secretary, Samyukta Socialist Party (S.S.P.), Sitamarhi district (1973–77)
Member, Bihar Legislative Assembly (1977–90)
Minister of State (Independent charge), Power, Government of Bihar (1977–79)
President, Lok Dal, Sitamarhi district (1980–85)
Deputy Speaker, Bihar Legislative Assembly (1990)
Deputy Leader, Bihar Legislative Council (1991–94)
Member, Bihar Legislative Council (1991–95)
Chairman, Bihar Legislative Council (1994–95)
Minister, Energy, Relief, Rehabilitation and Department of Official Languages, Government of Bihar (1995–96)
Elected to 11th Lok Sabha (1996)
Union Minister of State, Animal Husbandry and Dairying (Independent Charge) (1996–97)
Union Minister of State, Food and Consumer Affairs (Independent Charge) (1997–98)
Re-elected to 12th Lok Sabha (2nd term) (1998)
Re-elected to 13th Lok Sabha (3rd term) (1999)
Leader, Rashtriya Janata Dal Parliamentary Party, Lok Sabha (1999–2000)
Re-elected to 14th Lok Sabha (4th term) (2004)
Union Cabinet Minister, Rural Development (2004–09)
Vice President, Parliamentary Forum on Water Conservation & Management
Re-elected to 15th Lok Sabha (5th term) (2009)
Family
Singh married Kiran Singh and has 2 sons and 1 daughter.
Social and Cultural Activities
He was associated with the socialist, Teachers' and Farmers' movements as well as activities related to nation building.
Special Interests
His special interests included social service, the struggle against exploitation, legal aid to the farmers, the labourers and the oppressed, as well as promotion of education and educational reforms.
Sports, clubs, favourite pastimes and recreation
He was interested in Yoga, exercise and music. Among the countries he visited were South Korea, Germany, U.K., Mauritius and U.S.A.
Other Information
He was imprisoned during the socialist movement, Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan movement and involved in several political agitations.
References
Notes
See also
List of politicians from Bihar
External links
Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website
|-
1946 births
2020 deaths
11th Lok Sabha members
12th Lok Sabha members
13th Lok Sabha members
14th Lok Sabha members
15th Lok Sabha members
Bihari politicians
Chairs of the Bihar Legislative Council
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Deputy Speakers of the Bihar Legislative Assembly
Janata Dal politicians
Lok Sabha members from Bihar
Members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly
Members of the Bihar Legislative Council
People from Vaishali district
Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians
Samyukta Socialist Party politicians
State cabinet ministers of Bihar
Union ministers of state of India
United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election
Janata Dal (Secular) politicians
Lok Dal politicians |
4028970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea%20for%20Two%20%28song%29 | Tea for Two (song) | "Tea for Two" is a 1924 song composed by Vincent Youmans, with lyrics by Irving Caesar. It was introduced in May 1924 by Phyllis Cleveland and John Barker during the Chicago pre-Broadway run of the musical No, No, Nanette. When the show finally hit Broadway on September 16, 1925, Nanette was played by Louise Groody, and her duet with Barker of "Tea for Two" was a hit. The song went on to become the biggest success of Youmans' career.
Background
Youmans had written the basic melody idea of "Tea for Two" while he was in the navy during World War I, and he used it later on as an introductory passage for a song called "Who's Who With You?" While in Chicago, Youmans developed the idea into "a song that the hero could sing to the heroine" for the musical No, No, Nanette. He soon after played his composition for Irving Caesar and insisted he write the lyrics then and there. Caesar quickly jotted down a mock-up lyric, fully intending to revise it later on. Youmans, though, loved the mock-up and convinced Caesar it was just right for the melody.
It has been proposed, with little supporting evidence, that the phrase 'Tea for Two' was originally shouted by hawkers on the streets of 18th century England who wanted to attract business by lowering the price of a pot of tea from thruppence to tuppence. While this may be the case, 'tea for two' would have been a commonplace order for a couple in 19th century English cafeterias.
Musical characteristics
"Tea for Two" has an A1-A2-A3-B form, a range of just over an octave, and a major tonality throughout. The song's original key was A major with a false key change to C major during the second "A" section. It is melodically repetitive (as the entire song consists of eighth and quarter notes, except for a pattern of eighth, quarter, and eighth notes which briefly emerge in the second section) and has a relatively simple harmonic progression.
Notable recordings
The Offspring included the song on their 1997 album Ixnay on the Hombre. It includes spoken word dialogue by John Mayer, and the track was titled "Intermission."
Nick DeCaro solo album recorded in 1974 and produced by Tommy Lipuma with engineer Al Schmitt. Featured at Rock Roll Hall of Fame Library & Archives Nick DeCaro tribute event September 2018.
The Montefiori Cocktail recorded the instrumental version for the 2006 album "Montefiori appetizer Vol. 2" (EMI Italiana, 0946-382320-2-5).
Adaptations
In 1926, Boris Fomin arranged it for inclusion in his operetta "The Career of Pierpont Blake" (Карьера Пирпойнта Блэка), with Russian lyrics by Konstantin Podrevsky, under the title "Tahiti Trot".
In 1927, Dmitri Shostakovich re-orchestrated Tahiti Trot from memory after conductor Nikolai Malko bet him 100 roubles that he could not do it in under an hour. He won after completing the orchestration in around 45 minutes. It became his Op. 16.
In popular culture
Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck soft-shoe to “Tea for Two” in the Looney Tunes short Show Biz Bugs.
The song features prominently in the novel La invención de Morel (1940) by Argentine writer Adolfo Bioy Casares.
In the French-British WWII-set comedy film La Grande Vadrouille (1966) the humming of the “Tea for Two” melody is the secret code for the British bomber crew members to recognising each other in the Turkish baths at the Grand Mosque of Paris.
Occasionally on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, if a joke bombed during his monologue, the band would play "Tea for Two" and Johnny Carson would do a short soft shoe dance, which always got a laugh from the studio audience.
References
1924 songs
1925 singles
1920s jazz standards
Songs from musicals
Songs with lyrics by Irving Caesar
Nat King Cole songs
Ella Fitzgerald songs
Songs with music by Vincent Youmans
Jazz compositions in A-flat major |
4028974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Regina%2C%20Saskatchewan | History of Regina, Saskatchewan | The history of Regina, Saskatchewan, the capital of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Prior to the province's establishment, Regina served as the territorial headquarters of the then-North-West Territories and district headquarters of the territorial district of Assiniboia.
19th century
Early settlement
Regina was founded in 1882, when the Canadian Pacific Railway, then being built across western Canada, reached the site: by the time of the North-West Rebellion in 1885 the CPR had reached only Qu'Appelle (then called Troy), some to the east of what became Regina.
The Dominion Lands Act encouraged homesteaders to come to the area where they could purchase of land for $10. The city was originally known as "Pile of Bones"—the English translation of the Cree place name "oskana kâ-asastêki" (lit. "Bones, which are piled")—because of the large amounts of buffalo bones on the banks of the Wascana Creek, a spring runoff channel rising some couple of kilometres to the east of Regina and gradually becoming a substantial coulee as it approaches the Qu'Appelle Valley some ten kilometres to the north.
In 1882, Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, wife of the Duke of Argyll, who was then the Governor General of Canada, named the new community Regina (Latin for queen), after her mother, the Queen. giving rise to frequent use of the sobriquet Queen City. Alternate names considered for the town were Leopold (for a son of Queen Victoria), Wascana (a mildly anglicized version of the Cree for "Pile of Bones") and Assiniboia (the Aboriginal people who gave their name to the district of the North-West Territories, corresponding to modern southern Saskatchewan, a famous mountain in the Canadian Rockies, a town southwest of Moose Jaw, and a river(Assiniboine) in Manitoba.
Because of its location on the planned route of the new transcontinental railroad — the Territorial Lieutenant-Governor, Edgar Dewdney, had reserved substantial land on the site for himself — Regina was chosen in 1883 as the new capital of the North-West Territories, replacing Battleford, and over the in-many-ways-superior claims of Battleford, Qu'Appelle and Fort Qu'Appelle. The headquarters of the North-West Mounted Police was then transferred to Regina from Fort Qu'Appelle. In 1883, Regina was officially declared a town. The town's first mayor, David Scott, was elected on January 10, 1884. Regina remained the territorial capital until 1905 when Saskatchewan became a province.
Louis Riel was brought to Regina after his troops were defeated by government forces in the North-West Rebellion in the spring of 1885. Riel was found guilty of treason during trial and was hanged on November 16, 1885. One of three territorial government buildings remains on Dewdney Avenue where the trial was conducted. The trial was re-enacted each summer by local actors in the Trial of Louis Riel for many years. This play, based on the writings of author John Coulter, was not presented in 2004, but was revived for 2005.
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police training depot was established in 1874, and still survives. The RCMP chapel frame building was built in 1885 is still standing which was used to jail Indian prisoners.
From 1892 to 1920, Regina was the headquarters of the North-West Mounted Police, and it is now headquarters of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Northwest Region and home of the RCMP Academy, Depot Division.
20th century
Regina grew slowly for the first 20 years of its existence. With a population of more than 3,000, Regina was incorporated as a city on June 19, 1903, with Jacob W. Smith serving as the first mayor.
Establishment as the capital
After Saskatchewan became a province on September 1, 1905, Regina was officially decreed the capital on May 23, 1906. In 1908 the first city hall was completed in downtown Regina, while work began on the Saskatchewan Legislative Building across Wascana Lake.
The years between 1903 and 1913 saw the city grow tenfold. Not only was the federal government's immigration policy finally hitting its stride and attracting large numbers of settlers from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from the British Isles, from eastern Canada and the U.S., but adjustments to railway tariffs made the city more attractive as a distribution centre for farm machinery and other supplies needed by the settlers.
The population growth set off a frenzied building boom that gave the city many handsome public and private buildings that are still standing. These include its two main hospitals, the Canada Life Building, Regina College (which became the University of Regina), Holy Rosary Cathedral (Regina, Saskatchewan), Knox-Metropolitan United Church,(although its predecessors, the then-Metropolitan Methodist Church and Knox Presbyterian Church, were destroyed during a tornado and rebuilt) and the provincial Legislative Building.
An important element in the economic development of the young city was the creation of the Warehouse District on the north side of the city's downtown Canadian Pacific Railway yards. Laced by railway spur lines and encouraged by a change in CPR freight rates that made it more attractive to ship manufactured goods westward from eastern Canada, the district led the city's rapid expansion in this period.
On June 30, 1912, a tornado, locally referred to as the "Regina Cyclone," devastated the city, killing 28, injuring hundreds and destroying more than 400 buildings. The estimated $5 million in damage took more than two years to repair. Future horror film star Boris Karloff, who was in Regina at the time with a theatre company, served as a rescue worker after the disaster. The Regina Cyclone remains the deadliest tornado event in Canadian history. (Some sources state the tornado's toll was either 29 or 30.)
Growth tapered off with recession in 1913, and then the outbreak of the First World War, which saw immigration, capital and pools of workmen and building supplies dry up.
Roaring Twenties
Well underway but drastically interrupted by the First World War from 1914 to 1918, the city had considerable prosperity though nothing like the enormous growth in population which was initially predicted. As with other cities, Regina had numerous entertainment centres, including cinemas housing both stage productions and moving pictures — six downtown cinemas at the peak of such period, the Regina Theatre at 12th Avenue and Hamilton Street opening in 1910 and the Regina Grand Theatre in 1912 on 11th Avenue between Lorne and Cornwall Streets — which survived until television developed in the 1950s and such businesses gradually closed until only one remained in the central business district in 2012.
The city was home of the first licensed airport in Canada (May, 1920) and was also the home of first licensed commercial pilot in Canada (First World War veteran Roland Groome), the first air maintenance engineer in Canada (Robert McCombie) and the first licensed aircraft in Canada (Canadian-built Curtis JN-4 (Can) G-CYAA).
Regina used STV-PR in its city elections from 1921 to 1926. When Regina used PR-STV in its second city election in 1922, Gordon Merllin, a local member of the Typographical Union, was elected.
Economic growth resumed postwar and switched into high gear in the late 1920s, in large part due to construction of the Regina General Motors auto assembly plant in the city's northeast industrial area in 1928–29. For a while, soaring wheat prices made Saskatchewan one of the richest places on Earth, in terms of per capita income. That led to a construction boom in Regina that left the city with an architecturally distinguished generation of apartment and commercial buildings.
The most ambitious such project, however, the Grand Trunk Railway's Chateau Qu'Appelle hotel at the corner of Albert Street and College Avenue (the site of the 1955 Museum of Natural History, now renamed the Royal Saskatchewan Museum), was abandoned, its building materials lying unused for years until they were eventually bought by the CPR and used in the construction of the Hotel Saskatchewan. The fiasco anticipated the later stalling of the intended Centennial auditorium, which sat only begun, derided as "the world's largest monkeybars" for years until it was finally opened in 1972 as the Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts.
(The oldest building in Regina still in use is the chapel at the RCMP's "Depot" Division, built in the early 1880s and later converted for religious use. Nearby Government House (Saskatchewan) was built in 1891-92 as an office and residence for the lieutenant-governor of the North-West Territories.)
Great Depression
The Great Depression of the 1930s caused massive unemployment in western Canada. In July 1933, a group of farmers, labour and social organizations met in Regina to form the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation or CCF, whose foundation document, the Regina Manifesto, was adopted at that first national CCF convention.
As frustrations grew among the unemployed in 1935, 1,300 men boarded trains in Vancouver bound for Ottawa to demand work from the federal government in what came to be known as the On-to-Ottawa Trek. The issue came to a head in Regina, where the numbers had swelled to 1,800 by the time the Prime Minister intervened and ordered the protest to be disbanded. On the evening of July 1, 1935, a public meeting was called for in Market Square to bring the public up to date on what had happened so far. It was attended by 1500 to 2000 people, of whom only 300 were trekkers. The main body of the trekkers had decided to stay at the exhibition grounds.
Three large vans were parked on the sides of the square concealing RCMP riot squads. Regina police concealed themselves in a nearby garage. At 8 p.m. a whistle was blown and the police charged from their concealment, setting off hours of hand-to-hand fighting throughout the city's centre. The attack caught the people at the meeting by surprise, but then anger took over. They began to fight back with sticks, stones, and anything at hand. RCMP mounted on horseback then charged into the crowd and attacked with clubs. Driven from the Square, the battle continued in the surrounding streets for four hours. Trekkers on the speakers' platform were arrested by a body of police in plain clothes.
The police began firing their revolvers above and into groups of people. Tear gas bombs were thrown at any groups that gathered together. Plate glass windows in stores and offices were smashed. There was no looting, with one exception. People covered their faces with wet handkerchiefs to counter the effects of the tear gas and barricaded streets with cars. Finally the Trekkers who had attended the meeting made their way individually or in small groups back to the exhibition stadium where the main body of trekkers were quartered.
When it was over, 120 trekkers and citizens had been arrested. One plain clothes policeman had been killed. Hundreds of local citizens and Trekkers who had been wounded by police gunfire or otherwise injured were taken to hospitals or private homes. Those taken to hospital were also arrested. Property damage was considerable. The police claimed 39 injuries in addition to the one in plain clothes who had been killed.
The city's exhibition grounds were surrounded by constables armed with revolvers and machine guns. The next day a barbed wire stockade was erected around the area. The Trekkers in the stadium were denied any food or water. News of the police-inspired riot made the front page in newspapers across Canada. About midnight one of the Trek leaders telephoned Premier Gardiner who agreed to meet their delegation the next morning. The RCMP were livid when they heard of this. They took the men to the police station for interrogation but finally released them so they could see the premier.
Premier Gardiner sent a wire to Prime Minister Bennett accusing the police of "precipitating a riot" while he had been negotiating a settlement with the Trekkers. He also told the prime minister the "men should be fed where they are and sent back to camp and homes as they request" and stated his government was prepared to "undertake this work of disbanding the men." An agreement to this effect was subsequently negotiated. Bennett was satisfied that he had smashed the Trek and taught the citizens of Regina a lesson. Gardiner was happy that he was getting rid of the strikers from Regina and the province.
The federal minister of justice made the false statement in the House of Commons on July 2 that "shots were fired by the strikers and the fire was replied to with shots from the city police." During the long course of the trials that followed no evidence was ever produced by the Crown that strikers had ever fired any shots. Bennett further added to the misrepresentation by stating in the House of Commons the same day that the Trek was "not a mere uprising against law and order but a definite revolutionary effort on the part of a group of men to usurp authority and destroy government." Bennett's Conservative government was comprehensively defeated in the 1935 federal election; it has been speculated that the handling of the Regina Riot may have contributed to Bennett's discrediting.
World War II
Regina like all Canadian cities contributed significantly to the Canadian war effort in both world wars both in manpower and capital. During the Second World War, young men from Regina volunteered for service, finding their way into all branches of the Canadian armed services. The Regina Rifle Regiment, one of the Allied units landing in Normandy on June 6, 1944, was raised in Saskatchewan. Its defence of Bretteville Farm on the night of June 7/8, 1944 has been credited by some historians with preventing a German armoured breakthrough that could have reached the vulnerable invasion beaches and caused havoc, delaying or even stopping the Allied advance into Normandy. The long-closed General Motors plant in Regina which had been derelict from the outset of the Great Depression in 1929 (and was never to return to private enterprise) was temporarily returned to vitality and employed many people for the duration of the war manufacturing essential materiel.
The Royal Canadian Navy corvette HMCS Regina, named for the city, sank an Italian submarine in the Mediterranean in 1943, but was itself torpedoed and sunk off the coast of Cornwall in August 1944.
Hundreds of Regina men flew for the Royal Canadian Air Force during the war. During the war, Regina was the home of three air force training facilities: No. 2 Initial Training School (which selected personnel for aircraft training; it was located in the province's Normal School or teachers college), plus No. 3 Air Observer School and No. 15 Elementary Flying Training School, the latter two at the Regina airport. The disused General Motors assembly plant (east on Dewdney Avenue), which had ceased operations as the Depression gripped the prairies, was requisitioned for armaments manufacture before returning to idleness at war's end.
At the conclusion of the war Regina's population was about 65,000.
Post World War II Regina
The early years of the province's social democratic government (first elected in 1944) brought into Regina a rich mix of civil servants ranging from a scion of Britain's Cadbury family to expatriate American intellectuals hounded out of their own country by anti-communist investigations. New York art critic Clement Greenberg noted of Regina in the 1950s: "The vitality of art in Regina does constitute an unusual phenomenon. It may involve, immediately, only a small group of artists, but five such fired-up artists would amount to a lot in New York, let alone a city of 125,000" (Saskatchewan Council for Archives and Archivists, 2001)
Postwar, the city adopted a de facto metropolitan form of government by annexing the independent village of North Regina, located around the Canadian National Railway yards in the city's northwest, and what was then called the "North Annex"—a motley collection of houses outside the city's northern limits along Broad Street, but within the Rural Municipality of Sherwood, which surrounds the city. In both cases, the prime motivating factor in amalgamation was the prospect of these districts getting connected to the city's water lines for drinking water and sewage. Financial aid from the provincial government eased this process.
After the war, Regina grew as a regional distribution centre for farming and rural activity. Not until the 1970s did the economy begin to shift from agri-base to industrial-based activity, although agriculture continues to dominate the economy of the city and province. In 1971, Jack Walker, a former RCAF bomber pilot, real estate developer and city alderman, took control of the industrial development of the city and began to diversify the local economy by encouraging light industrial business. In 1973 Deere & Co International selected Regina as the western distribution centre for all John Deere equipment. This vote of confidence in the young city combined with the expansion of the Consumers' Co-operative Refinery and the development of the Inter-Provincial Steel Co. (Ipsco) plant began to lessen the city's dependence on agriculture-related employment. Today Regina's economy is quite diversified, with strong activity in the resource, financial and telecommunications sectors.
The city's centennial was marked in 1982, with Princess Anne, Princess Royal presiding over the celebrations.
21st century
The RCMP Heritage Centre is a museum that opened in Regina in May 2007.
Regina's downtown core has experienced similar problems to those of other cities on the continent as the retail focus has moved to suburban shopping areas, especially "big box stores." The civic government has possibly not discouraged the depletion of Regina's downtown core, keeping parking expenses extremely high and repeatedly approving the development of further shopping complexes on the city perimeter. A limited number of condominium projects in the downtown have perhaps slowed the outflux of people living in the downtown area but continued issues of crime in the immediately adjacent North Central neighbourhood will continue to discourage urban renewal in the city centre. Some of the larger retail centres which have failed in recent years are being converted into government office space, which may return people to work downtown. IN recent decades Regina's downtown skyline has been somewhat altered with the construction of such buildings as the twin towers of the McCallum Hill buildings, Canada Life, and Agriculture Place. Casino Regina, built in the old Union Station, attracts visitors. Regina Downtown, the business improvement district for the area, reports that it is working to re-build the economic viability of the downtown core.
See also
History of Canada
History of Saskatchewan
Regina's historic buildings and precincts
Timeline of Regina history
Notes
External links
Trevor Harle, Regina History Tour, Saskatchewan Genealogical Society, Regina Branch. Retrieved 29 July 2007. |
4028976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmfare%20Award%20for%20Best%20Dialogue | Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue | The Filmfare Best Dialogue Award is given by the Filmfare as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films. Here is a list of the award winners since 1958 and the films for which they won.
Superlatives
Most Awards
Gulzar – 4
Rahi Masoom Raza – 3
Aditya Chopra – 3
Rajkumar Hirani & Abhijat Joshi - 3 (won jointly for a film)
Kader Khan – 2
Rajinder Singh Bedi - 2
Wajahat Mirza - 2
Akhtar ul Iman - 2
Javed Akhtar - 2
Gulzar, with 4 wins, holds the record for most awards in this category, followed by Rahi Masoom Raza, Aditya Chopra and Rajkumar Hirani & Abhijat Joshi, who have won 3 awards each. Writers who have won the awards twice include Rajinder Singh Bedi, Wajahat Mirza, Kader Khan, Akhtar ul Iman and Javed Akhtar. Dr. Achla Nagar and Juhi Chaturvedi are the only women to have won the award for Best Dialogue, winning for Nikaah and Gulabo Sitabo, respectively.
List
See also
Filmfare Award
Bollywood
Cinema of India
References
External links
Filmfare Awards Best Dialogue Action
Dialogue |
4028978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%20Allah%20ibn%20Sa%27d | Abd Allah ibn Sa'd | Abd Allah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi al-Sarh () was an Arab administrator and commander.
During his time as governor of Egypt (646 CE to 656 CE), Abdallah ibn Sa'd built a strong Arab navy. Under his leadership, the Muslim navy won a number of victories including its first major naval battle against the Byzantine emperor Constans II at the Battle of the Masts in 654 CE.
Origin
He came from the Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy clan of the Quraish tribe and was an adopted brother of the caliph Uthman.
During Muhammad's era
Abdallâh Ibn Sâd Ibn Abî Sarh was one of those who were able to write at the time of Muhammad. When he converted to Islam, Muhammad invited him to be his scribe. At one point, Muhammad told him to write down a number of verses from Surah Al-Mu'minun of the Quran that Muhammad dictated. When it reached the 14th verse, in the passage: "and then produced it as another creation", Abdallah expressed his amazement by saying: "So blessed be Allah, the Best of Creators!", Muhammad then said: "This ['Abdallah's last expression] is how it was revealed to me." So Abdallah doubted Muhammad's prophethood, and said, “If Muhammad is truthful, then I was inspired just as he was; and if he is lying, I have uttered exactly what he did utter."
When Muhammad had gathered enough troops to besiege Mecca, he ordered to his followers that Abdallah bin Sa'd would be one of those who had to be killed even though he was hiding beneath the curtain of the Kaaba. But Abdallah then went to his adopted brother, Uthman ibn Affan asking for help, then with him came to Muhammad to beg for forgiveness. When he met the two of them, Muhammad who was accompanied by some of his companions, was silent for a long time until he said yes. But after the two of them left, Muhammad said to his followers, "I kept silent so that one of you might get up and strike off his head!" One of the Ansar said, "Then why didn’t you give me a sign, O apostle of God ?" He answered that a prophet does not kill by pointing.
A hadith in Sunan Abu Dawud similarly records Abdallah ibn Sa’d's tense encounter with Muhammad in Mecca post his defection and fleeing Mohammad after the capture of Mecca by Muslims. In his History, al-Tabari briefly records about Abdallah and Muhammad that "Abdallah b. Sa`d b. Abi Sarh used to write for him. He apostatized from Islam and later returned to Islam on the day of the conquest of Mecca".
During Umar's era
Umar appointed him as second-in-command (lieutenant) of Amr Bin al-As for the campaign of conquest of Egypt. He played a major role as a military commander in the conquest of Egypt. During the conquest of Egypt, he was commander of the right flank of the army of Amr and participated in all battles fought during the conquest of Egypt under Amr’s command.
During Uthman’s era
When Uthman became caliph in 644 CE, he appointed Abdallah governor of Egypt replacing 'Amr ibn al-'As, with Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa as his aide. Abdallah brought over a large foreign entourage and established the diwan, "and commanded that all the taxes of the country should be regulated there".
The protests against Abdallah appear to have been instigated by his aide, Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa. Muhammad's father (Abi Hudhayfa) was an early convert to Islam who died in the Battle of Yamama. Muhammad was raised by Uthman. When he reached maturity he participated in the foreign military campaigns and accompanied Abdallah to Egypt as an aide. Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa admonished Abdallah, recommending changes in the government but Abdallah did not respond. After continuous efforts, eventually Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa lost patience and turned from sympathetic admonisher to a disillusioned opponent—first of Abdallah and later of Uthman for appointing him. Abdallah wrote to Uthman claiming that Muhammad was spreading sedition and that if nothing was done to stop him, the situation would escalate. Uthman attempted to silence Muhammad's protests with 30,000 dirhams and expensive presents. Uthman's gifts were perceived as a bribe and that caused a backfire, with Muhammad bringing the money and presents into the Great Mosque saying;
“Do you see what Uthman is trying to do? He is trying to buy my faith. He has sent these coins and these goods to me as a bribe.”
Uthman sent numerous placatory letters to Muhammad, but he continued building the agitation against Abdallah. In 656 the leaders of Egypt decided to send a delegation to Medina to demanding Abdallah's dismissal. Abdallah also left for Medina to defend himself at the court of the caliph. In his absence, Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa assumed charge of the government.
When Abdallah reached Ayla, he was told that Uthman's house was under siege (Siege of Uthman) and decided to return to Egypt. At the border he was informed that Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa had given orders to prevent him from entering Egypt. He then went to Palestine awaiting the outcome of events in Medina. In the meantime, Uthman was killed in Medina, and when Abdallah heard the news, he left Palestine, and went to Damascus to live under the protection of Muawiyah I.
See also
List of rulers of Egypt
References
7th-century Arabs
Year of birth unknown
Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
7th-century Egyptian people
Admirals of the Rashidun Caliphate
Generals of the Rashidun Caliphate
Rashidun governors of Egypt |
4028981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagarkurnool | Nagarkurnool | Nagarkurnool is a town in Nagarkurnool district of the Indian state of Telangana.
Election results
General Election, 2014
References
Census towns in Nagarkurnool district
Nagarkurnool district
Mandals in Nagarkurnool district |
4028987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersson%20inner%20product | Petersson inner product | In mathematics the Petersson inner product is an inner product defined on the space
of entire modular forms. It was introduced by the German mathematician Hans Petersson.
Definition
Let be the space of entire modular forms of weight and
the space of cusp forms.
The mapping ,
is called Petersson inner product, where
is a fundamental region of the modular group and for
is the hyperbolic volume form.
Properties
The integral is absolutely convergent and the Petersson inner product is a positive definite Hermitian form.
For the Hecke operators , and for forms of level , we have:
This can be used to show that the space of cusp forms of level has an orthonormal basis consisting of
simultaneous eigenfunctions for the Hecke operators and the Fourier coefficients of these
forms are all real.
References
T.M. Apostol, Modular Functions and Dirichlet Series in Number Theory, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1990,
M. Koecher, A. Krieg, Elliptische Funktionen und Modulformen, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1998,
S. Lang, Introduction to Modular Forms, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 2001,
Modular forms |
4028990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missio%20Dei | Missio Dei | Missio Dei is a Latin Christian theological term that can be translated as the "mission of God," or the "sending of God." It is a concept which has become increasingly important in missiology and in understanding the mission of the church since the second half of the 20th century. Some of its key proponents include David Bosch, Lesslie Newbigin, and Darrell Guder.
History
In 1934, the German missiologist Karl Hartenstein first coined the term missio Dei to distinguish it from the missio ecclesiae, that is, the mission of the church. Some scholars hold that this coinage, which can be traced as far back as Augustine, had a strong trinitarian basis. This language, it is argued, was picked up at the 1952 Willingen conference of the International Missionary Council (IMC) and developed theologically by Lutheran theologian, Georg Vicedom.
However, John Flett maintains that while Hartenstein did introduce the actual term missio Dei, he did not locate that mission in the doctrine of the Trinity. Such reference to the Trinity appeared in the "American report," a study document prepared for the 1952 Willingen conference, under the leadership of Paul Lehmann and H. Richard Niebuhr.
Description
The "American report" suggested a link between revolutionary movements in history and "God's mission." Many of the later contentions with missio Dei stem from these origins, and especially the failure to ground the concept in a robust account of the Trinity.
The acknowledged concerns with missio Dei also meant that reference to the concept went through a hiatus until it was given concise description by David Bosch. According to David J. Bosch, "mission is not primarily an activity of the church, but an attribute of God. God is a missionary God." Jurgen Moltmann says, "It is not the church that has a mission of salvation to fulfill in the world; it is the mission of the Son and the Spirit through the Father that includes the church." According to one opinion:
During the past half a century or so there has been a subtle but nevertheless decisive shift toward understanding mission as God’s mission. During preceding centuries mission was understood in a variety of ways. Sometimes it was interpreted primarily in soteriological terms: as saving individuals from eternal damnation. Or it was understood in cultural terms: as introducing people from East and the South to the blessings and privileges of the Christian West. Often it was perceived in ecclesiastical categories: as the expansion of the church (or of a specific denomination). Sometimes it was defined salvation-historically: as the process by which the world—evolutionary or by means of a cataclysmic event—would be transformed into the kingdom of God. In all these instances, and in various, frequently conflicting ways, the intrinsic interrelationship between christology, soteriology, and the doctrine of the Trinity, so important for the early church, was gradually displaced by one of several versions of the doctrine of grace …
Mission was understood as being derived from the very nature of God. It was thus put in the context of the doctrine of the Trinity, not of ecclesiology or soteriology. The classical doctrine on the missio Dei as God the Father sending the Son, and God the Father and the Son sending the Spirit was expanded to include yet another “movement”: The Father, Son and the Holy Spirit sending the church into the world. As far as missionary thinking was concerned, this linking with the doctrine of the Trinity constituted an important innovation …
Our mission has not life of its own: only in the hands of the sending God can it truly be called mission. Not least since the missionary initiative comes from God alone …
Mission is thereby seen as a movement from God to the world; the church is viewed as an instrument for that mission. There is church because there is mission, not vice versa. To participate in mission is to participate in the movement of God’s love toward people, since God is a fountain of sending love.
Speaking on behalf of The Gospel and Our Culture Network, Darrell Guder writes, "We have come to see that mission is not merely an activity of the church. Rather, mission is the result of God’s initiative, rooted in God’s purposes to restore and heal creation. ‘Mission’ means ‘sending,’ and it is the central biblical theme describing the purpose of God’s action in human history.... We have begun to learn that the biblical message is more radical, more inclusive, more transforming than we have allowed it to be. In particular, we have begun to see that the church of Jesus Christ is not the purpose or goal of the gospel, but rather its instrument and witness.... God’s mission is calling and sending us, the church of Jesus Christ, to be a missionary church in our own societies, in the cultures in which we find ourselves.”
Alan Hirsch believes the word missional "goes to the heart of the very nature and purpose of the church itself." He continues, “So a working definition of missional church is a community of God’s people that defines itself, and organizes its life around, its real purpose of being an agent of God’s mission to the world. In other words, the church’s true and authentic organizing principle is mission. When the church is in mission, it is the true church. The church itself is not only a product of that mission but is obligated and destined to extend it by whatever means possible. The mission of God flows directly through every believer and every community of faith that adheres to Jesus. To obstruct this is to block God’s purposes in and through God’s people.”
Peters states that the Bible claims “the end result of such missio Dei is the glorification of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.”
References
Bibliography
Aagaard, Anna Marie. “Missio Dei in katholischer Sicht.” Evangelische Theologie 34 (1974): 420-33.
Aagaard, Anna Marie. “Missiones Dei: A Contribution to the Discussion on the Concept of Mission.” In The Gospel and the Ambiguity of the Church, edited by Vilmos Vajta, 68-91. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress, 1974.
Crum, Winston F. “Missio Dei and the Church: An Anglican Perspective.” St Vladimir’s Theological Quarterly 17, no. 4 (1973): 285-89.
Daugherty, Kevin. “Missio Dei: The Trinity and Christian Missions.” Evangelical Review of Theology 31, no. 2 (2007): 151-68.
Flett, John G. “Missio Dei: A Trinitarian Envisioning of a Non-Trinitarian Theme.” Missiology 37, no. 1 (2009): 5-18.
Flett, John G. The Witness of God: the Trinity, Missio Dei, Karl Barth and the Nature of Christian Community. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2010.
Günther, Wolfgang. “Gott selbst treibt Mission: Das Modell der ‘Missio Dei’.” In Plädoyer für Mission: Beiträge zum Verständnis von Mission heute, edited by Klaus Schäfer, 56-63. Hamburg: Evangelische Missionswerk in Deutschland, 1998.
Jost, Peter Samuel. “Karl Hartenstein und die missio Dei.” Interkulturelle Theologie 36, no. 3-4 (2010): 305-25.
Matthey, Jacques. “Reconciliation, Missio Dei and the Church’s Mission.” In Mission – Violence and Reconciliation: Papers Read at the Biennial Conference of the British and Irish Association for Mission Studies at the University of Edinburgh, June 2003, edited by Howard Mellor, and Timothy Yates, 113-37. Sheffield: Cliff College Publishing, 2004.
Matthey, Jacques. “Serving God’s Mission Together in Christ’s Way: Reflections on the Way to Edinburgh 2010.” International Review of Mission 99, no. 1 (2010): 21-38.
Meiring, Arno. “Rethinking Missio Dei : a conversation with postmodern and African Theologies.” Verbum et Ecclesia 1, no. 3 (2008): 791-818.
Meyers, Ruth A. “Missional Church, Missional Liturgy.” Theology Today 67, no. 1 (2010): 36-50.
Poitras, Edward W. “St Augustine and the Missio Dei: A Reflection on Mission at the Close of the Twentieth Century.” Mission Studies 16, no. 2 (1999): 28-46.
Richebächer, Wilhelm. “Missio Dei: The Basis of Mission Theology or a Wrong Path?” International Review of Mission 92, no. 4 (2003): 588-605.
Robertson, Lindsay G. “Missio Dei: Karl Barth and the mission of the church.” Hill Road 9, no. 2 (2006): 3-19.
Rosin, H. H. ‘Missio Dei’: An Examination of the Origin, Contents and Function of the Term in Protestant Missiological Discussion. Leiden: Interuniversity Institute for Missiological and Ecumenical Research, Department of Missiology, 1972.
Scherer, James A. “Church, Kingdom and Missio Dei: Lutheran and Orthodox Corrections to Recent Ecumenical Mission Theology.” In The Good News of the Kingdom: Mission Theology for the Third Millennium, edited by Charles van Engen, Dean S. Gilliland, Paul Everett Pierson, and Arthur F. Glasser, 82-88. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1993.
Schulz, Klaus Detlev. “Tension in the Pneumatology of the Missio Dei Concept.” Concordia Theological Journal 23, no. 2 (1997): 99-107.
Suess, Paulo. “Missio Dei and the Project of Jesus: The Poor and the ‘Other’ as Mediators of the Kingdom of God and Protagonists of the Churches.” International Review of Mission 92, no. 4 (2003): 550-59.
Sundermeier, Theo. “Missio Dei Today: On the Identity of Christian Mission.” International Review of Mission 92, no. 4 (2003): 579-87.
Verkuyl, Johannes. “The Kingdom of God as the Goal of the Missio Dei.” International Review of Mission 68 (1979): 168-75.
Vicedom, Georg F. Missio Dei: Einführung in eine Theologie der Mission. München: Chr. Kaiser Verlag, 1958.
Walton, Roger. “Have we got the Missio dei right?” Epworth Review 35, no. 3 (2008): 39-51.
Wickeri, Philip L. “Mission from the Margins: The Missio Dei in the Crisis of World Christianity.” International Review of Mission 93, no. 2 (2004): 182-98.
External links
Missional Church Reading Room Extensive on-line materials on the missio Dei and missional theology (Tyndale Seminary)
Take the Missional Challenge: 31 Days to Align with Jesus' Mission
Missional Christianity
Attributes of God in Christian theology
Christian terminology
Latin religious words and phrases
World Christianity |
4028998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theagenes%20of%20Megara | Theagenes of Megara | Theagenes of Megara () ruled the ancient Greek city of Megara in the seventh century BC. The only sources for his life are anecdotes recorded by authors several centuries after his death, whose reliability is uncertain. Although very little is known of his life, he is considered one of the archetypal early Greek tyrants (tyrannoi).
Life
Aristotle claims that Theagenes of Megara convinced the Megarians to give him a bodyguard, which he then used to seize control of the city. Elsewhere Aristotle claims that Theagenes came to power by slaughtering the flocks of the rich by a river. It is unclear how reliable these stories are: the bodyguard is a stereotypical trope in accounts of ancient tyrants' seizures of power and the meaning of the slaughter of the flocks is disputed. Aristotle presents the event as an example of a tyrant gaining power by intervening in social conflict between the rich aristocracy and the poor masses on the side of the latter. Recent scholarship has suggested that this interpretation may be anachronistic and questioned whether such social conflict actually existed in archaic Megara. Greg Anderson suggests that it was part of Theagenes' efforts to assert his dominance over the Megaran aristocracy, while Thomas Figueira has proposed that the episode reflects a religious conflict over the ownership of sacred flocks.
The geographer Pausanias attributes a fountain in Megara to Theagenes, as well as the long underground aqueduct that fed it. He said that it was "worth seeing for its size and ornament and the number of columns." Archaeologists have unearthed this fountain, but the surviving structure dates to the early fifth century BC. It thus cannot be the work of Theagenes, although it is possible that there was an earlier structure on the same site which was.
Thucydides states that Theagenes married his daughter to Cylon of Athens, a victor in the Olympic Games. Having consulted the Delphic Oracle, Cylon decided to take control of Athens by seizing the Acropolis during the Olympic Games in 630 BC, with a force provided by Theagenes. The attempt was unsuccessful; Cylon and his followers were besieged and killed. It is unclear what the consequences were for Theagenes and Megara. Some scholars connect the failure of this enterprise with Theagenes' fall from power. Plutarch says that Theagenes was overthrown and exiled, but he does not say how this happened. After his expulsion Megara was ruled by an oligarchy.
Theagenes is also mentioned in Aristophanes' Peace. When the chorus are persuading Trygaeus not to sacrifice a fat swine because they would be associating with the 'swinishness' of Theagenes.
References
Bibliography
7th-century BC Greek people
7th-century BC rulers
Ancient Megarians
Ancient Greek rulers
Archaic tyrants |
4028999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character%20changes%20during%20Infinite%20Crisis | Character changes during Infinite Crisis | In the course of DC Comics' 2005–2006 event Infinite Crisis (the seven-issue limited series, its lead-in stories, and various tie-ins), numerous characters died, went missing, returned from death or long absences, took new superhero identities, or underwent other significant changes as individual characters.
Deaths
Leadup to Infinite Crisis
These characters died during Infinite Crisis lead-up events, beginning with Countdown to Infinite Crisis:
Black Bison (John Ravenhair) (Day of Vengeance #1)
Blue Beetle (Ted Kord) (Countdown to Infinite Crisis)
Bug (Villains United #1)
Cheetah (Priscilla Rich) (Flash #219)
Darkstars Ferrin Colos, Chaser Bron, and Munchuk (Adam Strange #8)
Fastball (The OMAC Project #6)
Fiddler (Villains United #1)
Firefly (The OMAC Project #6)
Hawkwoman (Shayera Thal) (Rann–Thanagar War #5)
Hyena (Villains United #3; which Hyena died is unknown)
Hyperion (DC Special: The Return of Donna Troy #4)
Maxwell Lord (Wonder Woman #219)
Monocle (Manhunter #9)
Onimar Synn (Rann-Thanagar War #6)
Overthrow (The OMAC Project #3)
Parademon (Villains United #6)
Pariah (Villains United #6)
Rocket Red (Dimitri Pushkin) (The OMAC Project #5)
Shazam (Day of Vengeance #6)
Sparta of Synriannaq (DC Special: The Return of Donna Troy #1)
Thia (DC Special: The Return of Donna Troy #4)
Infinite Crisis
In addition to millions of deaths worldwide (e.g., Blüdhaven populace), these characters died during the publication of Infinite Crisis and connected stories:
Alexander Luthor, Jr. (Infinite Crisis #7)
Ballistic (Infinite Crisis #7)
Baron Blitzkrieg (Infinite Crisis #7)
Black Condor (Ryan Kendall) (Infinite Crisis #1)
Bushido (Infinite Crisis #4, Teen Titans #33)
Carissa, Amazon Warrior (Infinite Crisis #2, Wonder Woman #223)
Charaxes (Infinite Crisis #7)
Crispus Allen (Gotham Central #38; see Returns below.)
Doctor Fate/Hector Hall (JSA #79)
Doctor Fate/Nabu (Day of Vengeance Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Doctor Polaris (Infinite Crisis #1)
Fel Andar (Hawkman #48)
Fisherman (Gotham Central #37)
Fury (Lyta Trevor-Hall) (JSA #80)
Geist (Infinite Crisis #7)
Thirty-two Green Lantern Corps members (Infinite Crisis #7)
The Hangmen (death revealed Manhunter #21)
Human Bomb (Infinite Crisis #1)
Jack (Deuce Canyard) (Villains United Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Jade (Rann-Thanagar War Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Kal-L, Superman of Earth-Two (Infinite Crisis #7)
Koryak, Aquaman's son (Aquaman #38)
Lois Lane Kent of Earth-Two (Infinite Crisis #5)
Mick Wong, Jason Rusch's best friend and then-partner-as-Firestorm (Infinite Crisis #4)
Mongrel (Infinite Crisis #7)
Neptune Perkins (Infinite Crisis #3)
Nightblade (Infinite Crisis #7)
Pantha (Infinite Crisis #4, Teen Titans #33)
Peacemaker (Mitchell Black) (Infinite Crisis #7)
Phantom Lady (Dee Tyler) (Infinite Crisis #1)
Psycho-Pirate (Roger Hayden) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Rag Doll (Peter Merkel, Sr.) (JSA Classified #7)
Ratcatcher (Infinite Crisis #1)
Razorsharp (Infinite Crisis #7)
Sam Kurtis, Stargirl's con-artist father (JSA #81)
Star Sapphire (Deborah Darnell) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Superboy (Conner Kent) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Steve Trevor of Earth-Two (death revealed in Infinite Crisis #5)
Tekla, Amazon Warrior (Wonder Woman #223)
Vulko of Atlantis (Aquaman #38)
Warden Daniel of Enclave M (Villains United Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Wildebeest (Infinite Crisis #4, Teen Titans #33)
Unconfirmed deaths
These characters appeared to die during Infinite Crisis and lead-up storylines, but their deaths or possible survival remained either unconfirmed or debatable by the series' end. (Refer to these characters' individual articles to see if they returned or were confirmed dead after Infinite Crisis #7.)
Amos Fortune (Villains United Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Breach (Infinite Crisis #7)
Byte (Villains United #1)
Chain Lightning (Outsiders #33)
Cinnamon II (civilian name unknown) (Villains United Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Demolition Team (The OMAC Project #6)
Eradicator (David Connor) (Superman vol. 2 #220)
Judomaster (Rip Jagger) (Infinite Crisis #7)
Kite Man (Infinite Crisis #2, rumored)
Lady Spellbinder (Infinite Crisis #7)
Looker (Infinite Crisis #7)
The Madmen (Infinite Crisis #7)
Mister Mxyzptlk (Adventures of Superman #647)
Royal Flush Gang (Joe Carny and associates) (Infinite Crisis #2)
Stallion (Infinite Crisis #4)
Supermen of America (The OMAC Project #6)
Technocrat (Infinite Crisis #7)
Trigger Twins (Tom and Tad Trigger) (Infinite Crisis #7)
T'Charr and Terataya (Day of Vengeance Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Wonder Woman of Earth-Two (Infinite Crisis #5; appears to fade from existence)
In the case of the Demolition Team and the Supermen of America, it is unclear how many (if any) of their members were slain by OMACs.
Missing
These characters disappeared or went missing during Infinite Crisis and lead-up storylines. Note to readers: Many of these characters may return or already have, as revealed in "One Year Later" stories or hinted at in Infinite Crisis #7's two-page splash showing heroes to be featured in upcoming projects, but remain listed here because this article is about their in-story status as of the end of Infinite Crisis. (Refer to their individual articles to see if they later returned.)
Characters noted below as having gone missing during Infinite Crisis #4 or Infinite Crisis #6 were confirmed missing in Infinite Crisis #7.
Adam Strange (Infinite Crisis #6)
Air Wave (Harold Jordan) (Infinite Crisis #4)
Animal Man (Infinite Crisis #6)
Blue Beetle (Jaime Reyes) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Bumblebee (Infinite Crisis #6)
Captain Comet (Infinite Crisis #6)
Cerdian, son of Garth and Dolphin (Infinite Crisis #3, confirmed in Aquaman #38)
Cyborg (Victor Stone) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Dolphin (Infinite Crisis #3, confirmed in Aquaman #38)
Firestorm (Jason Rusch and Martin Stein) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Flash (Wally West) (Infinite Crisis #4)
Green Lantern (Alan Scott) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Hawkgirl (Kendra Saunders) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Herald (Infinite Crisis #6)
Lagoon Boy (Infinite Crisis #3, confirmed in Aquaman #38)
L.E.G.I.O.N. (Infinite Crisis #6)
Linda Park-West (Infinite Crisis #4)
Lori Lemaris (Infinite Crisis #3, confirmed in Aquaman #38)
Omega Men (Infinite Crisis #6)
Red Tornado (Ulthoon) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Shift (Infinite Crisis #6)
Starfire (Koriand'r) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Supergirl (Kara Zor-El) (Infinite Crisis #6)
Tempest (Garth) (Infinite Crisis #3, confirmed in Aquaman #38)
Uncle Sam of the Freedom Fighters (Infinite Crisis #1, confirmed in Infinite Crisis #2)
West twins, children of Wally West and Linda Park-West (Infinite Crisis #4)
Returns
These characters returned from death or a prolonged absence sometime following the publication of Countdown to Infinite Crisis:
Amethyst, Princess of Gemworld (Infinite Crisis #7; was seen battling the Spectre on Gemworld, later aided in the reconstruction of the Rock of Eternity and the summoning of the Specter in Infinite Crisis #6)
Alexander Luthor, Jr. (Infinite Crisis #1, but posed as the Society's Luthor as early as Countdown to Infinite Crisis; see Deaths above)
Captain Atom (Infinite Crisis #7)
Crispus Allen (Infinite Crisis #4, as new host for the Spectre; technically still dead)
Kal-L, Superman of Earth-Two (Infinite Crisis #1; see Deaths above)
Kid Eternity (Teen Titans #31)
Lady Quark (Villains United #5)
Legion of Super-Heroes - "Reboot" team (Infinite Crisis #6, revealed to be inhabitants of Earth-247)
Lois Lane of Earth-Two (Infinite Crisis #1; see Deaths above)
Rocket Red Brigade (Villains United Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Superboy-Prime (Infinite Crisis #1, but has been active for some time; was glimpsed in JLA #119; see New or changed below)
Jason Todd (Batman #617, Batman #638)
Donna Troy (DC Special: The Return of Donna Troy #1)
Wonder Woman of Earth-Two (Infinite Crisis #5; see Deaths above)
Also, several characters from alternate continuities appeared in single-panel cameos when their respective alternate Earths emerged in Infinite Crisis #6. Although some had appeared in recent years (e.g., heroes of Fawcett City, Tangent Comics, DC Comics Western comics, and the Earth-247 Legion of Super-Heroes) and some characters that had appeared in other media but had never previously appeared in comic book form (e.g., heroes from the 1970s Wonder Woman television programs), several others made their first appearance since before Crisis on Infinite Earths. They included:
Batman, Jr.
Bizarro Hawkman
Bizarro Jimmy Olsen
Bizarro Krypto
Bizarro Lois Lane
Bizarro Perry White
Superman, Jr.
New or changed characters
The following characters were changed or introduced during Infinite Crisis and connected stories. See the article on 52 for characters who were introduced following the "One Year Later" jump.
Amazons of Themyscira departed from regular plane of existence (Infinite Crisis #3)
Artemis of Bana-Mighdall departed from regular plane of existence (Infinite Crisis #3)
Bart Allen aged to adulthood, then seemingly depowered (Infinite Crisis #5, Infinite Crisis #7)
Captain Marvel (Billy Batson) as the new protector of the Rock of Eternity (Day of Vengeance Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Crispus Allen as the new host for the Spectre (Infinite Crisis #4)
Helmet of Doctor Fate sent away to find new master (Day of Vengeance Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Damage critically injured by Zoom (Infinite Crisis #1, confirmed in Infinite Crisis #2)
Firestorm redesigned by Jason Rusch and Professor Martin Stein (Firestorm #22)
Fury (Helena Kosmatos) departed from regular plane of existence (Infinite Crisis #3)
Greek deities departed from regular plane of existence (Infinite Crisis #3, Teen Titans #33)
Flash (Jay Garrick) with top speed reduced (Infinite Crisis #7)
Jaime Reyes as the new Blue Beetle (introduced Infinite Crisis #3, debuted in costume in Infinite Crisis #5)
Jason Todd as the new Red Hood (Batman #617, Batman #638)
Kyle Rayner as Ion (Rann-Thanagar War Infinite Crisis Special #1)
Power Girl's conflicting origins resolved, reconfirmed as Earth-Two's Kara Zor-L (JSA Classified #4)
Risk's arm severed (Infinite Crisis #4)
Superboy-Prime depowered, imprisoned by Green Lantern Corps (Infinite Crisis #7)
Superman (Kal-El) depowered (Infinite Crisis #7)
Wonder Girl (Cassandra Sandsmark) with new powers as a champion for Ares (Teen Titans #33)
These heroes stated at the end of Infinite Crisis #7 that they would take time off from their superhero identities:
Batman (Bruce Wayne)
Nightwing (Dick Grayson)
Robin (Tim Drake)
Superman (Kal-El)
Wonder Woman (Diana)
Aftermath
52: Weekly comic book post-Infinite Crisis depicting events of missing year between end of event and One Year Later titles.
"One Year Later": Time-jump across most DC titles occurring around the same date of publication of the final issues of Infinite Crisis.
See also
Continuity changes during Infinite Crisis
References
External links
Newsarama's "Crisis Casualty Count": Part 1 and Part 2
Infinite Crisis |
4029003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste%20Senaill%C3%A9 | Jean-Baptiste Senaillé | Jean Baptiste Senaillé (23 November 1687 – 15 October 1730) was a French born Baroque composer and violin virtuoso. His father was a member of Les Vingt-quatre Violons du Roi. Senaillé studied under Jean-Baptiste Anet, Giovanni Antonio Piani and in Italy under Tomaso Antonio Vitali and imported Italian musical techniques and pieces into the French court. He wrote around 50 violin sonatas. He is most well known for a fast 2/4 movement from one of these sonatas, Allegro spiritoso, which has had versions published transcribed for a wide variety of instruments, from cello to bassoon to euphonium.
Some of these transcriptions were edited by Robin De Smet.
Selected recordings
Premier Livre de Sonates à violon seul avec la Basse continue, Odile Édouard, violin, Freddy Eichelberger, harpsichord, Emmanuel Jacques, cello & violin bass (K617 2004)
Sonata in E minor op.4 n°5, Sonata in G minor op.1 n°6, Sonata in D major op.3 n°10, Sonata in C minor op.1 n°5, Théotime Langlois de Swarte, violin, William Christie harpsichord. CD Harmonia Mundi 2021. Choc Classica
External links
Biographical notes on Senaille
Musicians from Paris
1687 births
1730 deaths
French Baroque composers
French classical composers
French male classical composers
18th-century French male classical violinists
18th-century classical composers
18th-century French composers
17th-century male musicians |
4029006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Van%20Gehuchten | Arthur Van Gehuchten | Arthur Van (or van) Gehuchten (20 April 1861 – 9 December 1914) was a Belgian anatomist, born in Antwerp. He was professor in the faculty of medicine at the University of Leuven until the start of World War I in 1914. He moved to England and taught biology at Cambridge University until his death. Van Gehuchten is especially known for his contributions to the theory of neurons. In anatomy, the van Gehuchten method is the fixing of a histologic tissue in a mixture of glacial acetic acid 10 parts, chloroform 30 parts, and alcohol 60 parts.
Writings
L'Anatomie du système nerveux de l'homme (1893)
Contribution à l'étude du faisceau pyramidal (1896)
Structure du télencéphale: centres de projection et centres d'association. Polleunis & Ceuterick, 1897
Cours d'anatomie humain systématique (I-III, 1906–09)
Les centres nerveaux cérébro-spinaux (1908)
Het zenuwgestel. Nederl. Boekh, 1908
La radicotomie postérieure dans les affections nerveuses spasmodiques (1911)
Coup de couteau dans la moelle lombaire. Essai de physiologie pathologique. Le Névraxe 9, ss. 208–232 (1907)
Le mouvement pendulaire ou réflexe pendulaire de la jambe. Contribution à l'étude des réflexes tendineux. Le Névraxe 10, ss. 263–266 (1908)
Over myopatische ziekten. Voordracht met kinematographische lichtbeelden. Handelingen van het XIVe Vlaams Natuur-en Geneeskundig Congres 1–8 (1910)
La radicotomie postérieure dans les affections nerveuses spasmodiques (modification de l'opération de Foerster). Bulletin de l'Académie royale de Médecine de Belgique ss. 1–43 (1910)
Het doorsnijden der achterste ruggemergwortels als behandeling van zekere vormen van spastische paraplegie, (met kinematographische lichbeelden). Handelingen van het XVIe Vlaamsch Natuur- en Geneeskundig Congres 422–43 (1913)
Neurone
Van Gehuchten adopted Waldeyer’s coinage for the nerve cell, but spelt this in French as ‘le neurone' rather than 'le neuron'. It is believed that the reason for adding the ‘e’ at the end of the word relates to the interplay between linguistics and phonetics: the final ‘n’ in ‘neuron’ would have been ‘sounded’ in the classical Greek, and also in Waldeyer’s German coinage, and, to do the same in French, there needed to be an ‘e’ placed at the end of the word. Without this, ‘neuron’ would have rhymed with ‘maison’ and the link with the original Greek would have been lost.
Bibliography
Aubert G. Arthur van Gehuchten takes neurology to the movies. "Neurology". 59. 10, pp. 1612–8, 2002. .
Aubert G. Arthur Van Gehuchten (1861–1914). "J Neurol". 248 (5), pp. 439–40, 2001. .
James W. Papez. Arthur Van Gehuchten (1861–1914) in: Webb Haymaker (ed.): The Founders of Neurology. One Hundred and Thirty-Three Biographical Sketches. Prepared for the Fourth International Neurological Congress in Paris by Eighty-Four Authors. Springfield: C.C.Thomas, 1953, pp. 38–41
References
External links
1861 births
1914 deaths
Belgian anatomists
Belgian educators
Belgian writers in French
Belgian medical writers |
4029009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositing%20window%20manager | Compositing window manager | A compositing window manager, or compositor, is a window manager that provides applications with an off-screen buffer for each window. The window manager composites the window buffers into an image representing the screen and writes the result into the display memory.
Compositing window managers may perform additional processing on buffered windows, applying 2D and 3D animated effects such as blending, fading, scaling, rotation, duplication, bending and contortion, shuffling, blurring, redirecting applications, and translating windows into one of a number of displays and virtual desktops. Computer graphics technology allows for visual effects to be rendered in real time such as drop shadows, live previews, and complex animation.
Since the screen is double buffered, it does not flicker during updates.
The most commonly used compositing window managers include:
for Linux, BSD, Hurd and OpenSolaris: Compiz, KWin, Xfwm, Enlightenment, Mutter, xcompmgr and picom;
for Windows: the Desktop Window Manager; and
for macOS: the Quartz Compositor.
Comparison with stacking window managers
The window manager sends each window a message to repaint itself whenever appropriate (such as when it is resized, or when another window passes in front of it). With a stacking manager, the repainting process can become corrupted when a program that is slow, unresponsive or buggy does not respond to messages in a timely manner. A malicious program can cause the system to appear unstable by simply neglecting to repaint its window. Then, one or more of the following conditions may result:
a clipped window does not repaint uncovered regions, resulting in either blank spaces or a "trail" left behind from another window
portions of windows (such as decorative drop shadows) are left behind and not properly painted over
the mouse pointer is corrupted
screen updates become unbearably slow
the entire screen freezes until the program either responds or is terminated
With a compositing manager, if a window stops repainting itself when requested by the window manager, its last repaint will remain displayed and the window might be dimmed. Often, the title changes to reflect the status of the window as unresponsive. A program may prevent its window from being moved or unmapped, but generally will not cause repainting problems.
History
One of the first systems with a compositing windowing system was the Commodore Amiga, released in 1985. Applications could first request a region of memory outside the current display region for use as bitmap. The Amiga windowing system would then use a series of bit blits using the system's hardware blitter to build a composite of these applications' bitmaps - along with buttons and sliders - in display memory, without requiring these applications to redraw any of their bitmaps.
On March 24, 2001, Mac OS X v10.0 became the first mainstream operating system to feature software-based 3D compositing and effects, provided by its Quartz component. With the release of Mac OS X v10.2 and Quartz Extreme, the job of compositing could move to dedicated graphics hardware.
In 2003 Sun Microsystems demonstrated an ambitious 3D graphics system called Project Looking Glass to layer on top of its Swing toolkit. It was first shown at the 2003 LinuxWorld Expo. Although Apple threatened to sue Sun for breach of intellectual-property rights, other window managers have implemented some of the functionality in Looking Glass. By 2006 development was discontinued by Sun, whose primary business was transitioning from graphically oriented Unix workstations to selling enterprise mainframes.
Microsoft first presented the Desktop Window Manager in Project Longhorn to the 2003 Windows Hardware Engineering Conference, demonstrating wobbly windows. Severe delays in the development of Longhorn caused Microsoft not to debut its 3D-compositing window-manager until the release of Windows Vista in January 2007.
Implementing compositing under the X Window System required some redesign, which took place incrementally. Metacity 2.8.4 was released in August 2004. However, the first widely publicized compositing window manager for X was Xfwm, released in January 2005. On 26 January 2005 Compiz was released, introducing fully accelerated 3D-compositing to the Linux platform.
KDE's KWin also supports compositing.
Compositing and 3D effects in operating systems
In compositing, 3D effects could be applied on windows to provide 3D desktop effects. Modern compositing window managers use 3D hardware acceleration. Compositing window manager software communicates with graphics hardware via programming interfaces such as OpenGL or Direct3D.
The earliest widespread implementations using this technique were released for the Mac in Mac OS X 10.2, and for Linux in a Luminocity prototype. Currently, window managers using OpenGL include Compiz, KWin, and the Quartz Compositor, while Desktop Window Manager currently uses DirectX 9. OpenGL is still not fully supported in hardware, so performance of OpenGL-based compositing should continue to improve as hardware improves.
Linux
Stacking window managers running on X server required a chroma keying or green screening extension. Compositing was introduced by way of the "Composite" extension. Compositing managers use hardware acceleration through this extension, if available.
Under Linux and UNIX, the ability to do full 3D-accelerated compositing required fundamental changes to X11 in order to use hardware acceleration. Originally, a number of modified X11 implementations designed around OpenGL began to appear, including Xgl. The introduction of AIGLX would eliminate the need to use Xgl, and allow window managers to do 3D accelerated compositing on a standard X server, while still allowing for direct rendering. Currently, NVIDIA, Intel, and ATI cards support AIGLX.
Compiz introduced a cube effect, which allows the user to see up to 6 virtual desktops at once. Each desktop is converted into a surface texture of the cube, which can be rotated at will. Compiz displays a wide array of 2D and 3D effects and has relatively low hardware requirements. In 2012, Compiz was included in Ubuntu Linux, and was enabled automatically when supported hardware and drivers were available and the user had not selected 2D Mode.
Mutter (Metacity + Clutter) has replaced Metacity as the default window manager for GNOME. It is featured in the GNOME Shell component of GNOME 3.0. It uses the display engine Clutter, which has been ported to all major operating systems, netbooks and smartphones.
Since version 4, KDE's window manager KWin has compositing capabilities. KWin features much of the same functionality also present in Compiz.
Java
Project Looking Glass was a window manager combining 3D rendering and the cross-platform Java programming language. It is now inactive and released under the GNU General Public License. The Granular Linux live CD distribution includes Looking Glass as an optional window manager.
In the aftermath of it being discontinued, some of its features, such as cover switching and thumbnail live previews, have found their way onto other window managers. Its more original features included window tilting, two-sided window frames and parallax scrolling backgrounds.
AmigaOS 4 and MorphOS
While they are able to run on 3D-capable hardware, AmigaOS 4 and MorphOS are designed to run on old legacy Amiga computers, starting with the Amiga 1200. As such, their window managers have mostly planar rendering capabilities that include composite layering, alpha blending, gradients, high resolution and multiple desktops ("screens") that can partially clip one another.
Microsoft Windows
While the window manager in Windows 2000 does perform compositing, it does not perform transformations such as a per-pixel alpha. Few commercial applications took advantage of alpha blending; freeware programs were among the first to experiment with it, albeit through optional settings. Compositing was introduced with Desktop Window Manager in Windows Vista.
Windows Vista and Windows 7 allow the user to disable Desktop Window Manager by selecting the Windows Basic appearance settings. In addition, it is automatically disabled by Windows in order to perform hardware overlay through the Overlay Mixer Filter.
Usability and eye candy
The compositing approach makes it easier to implement a number of features that make the user interface more accessible, simpler to use or with eye candy elements.
Magnifiers
Vector graphics, such as TrueType fonts and 3D-accelerated elements, can be expanded without degradation (usually due to aliasing). A screen magnifier enlarges an area of the screen, making portions of text easier to read – whether to prevent eye strain, for the visually impaired, or simply at a distance. Zoom effects such as the fish eye magnifier and zoom desktop effects provide this functionality.
Live preview
A preview of a window can be displayed in a pop-up thumbnail when the user hovers its associated taskbar button. This allows the user to identify and manage several concurrently running programs.
Window switching
Windows with similar names and icons tend to cause confusion, especially when their title bars overlap; the position of every such window on the taskbar has to be memorized. When there are many open windows in this manner, the user often has to resort to trial and error—clicking each taskbar button one-by-one—before proceeding. Window switching allows one to quickly preview several windows at once by temporarily rearranging them against a decorative background. After a selection is made, the windows are then restored to their original arrangement.
Selection begins when the user either enters a hotkey combination, moves the mouse pointer to a hotspot on the screen, or, in some situations, uses the mouse's scroll wheel. Items are navigated using the keyboard or mouse. An item is selected by either releasing the hotkey, hitting the Enter key or clicking on it with the mouse.
Flip switching
The flip switcher is an enhancement to the Alt-Tab switching feature. Running windows are arranged into a stack – similar to a flip-style selector in a 1950s jukebox, or a Rolodex. In some systems, the user can press Alt-Shift-Tab to navigate backwards. Visual transitions are applied to each item while navigating.
Common implementations of flip switching include Flip 3D in Windows and Shift Switcher in Compiz.
Cover switching
Cover switching is like flip switching with a few, mostly visual, differences. Instead of one stack with the selection at the top, two symmetrical stacks are shown with the current selection front and center (similar to the window tilting feature in Looking Glass).
Cover Flow is an implementation of cover switching in macOS. More recent versions use blurring to de-emphasize non-selected items. Cover Flow has also been implemented in other software published by Apple such as iTunes.
This is also referred to as "flick-book view."
Ring switching
Ring switching is like flip switching, except the windows move in a circle, with the current selection in front, usually at the bottom. Most compositing window managers include this feature out of the box, and third-party applications, such as 3d-desktop, are also available.
Grouping
The user can group windows together, such that only one window at a time is visible in each group. In Compiz, the window frame is flipped to indicate when the active window in its group has been changed.
Exposé
macOS displays a preview of every window on the screen by tiling them. Other systems with similar functionality (Microsoft Windows, Compiz, KWin, third-party applications) are referred to as Exposé clones. The hotkey to activate Exposé is not Alt-Tab, but rather F3.
Mission Control
Mac OS X 10.7 combines several other compositing features developed by Apple—such as Exposé, Dashboard, and Spaces—into a larger program called Mission Control.
Widget engines
On macOS, "widgets" (single-purpose applets) such as a clock, note pad, and calculator can appear by pressing a hotkey. Widget engines speed work by keeping commonly used widgets accessible while unobtrusive. They are handled by the Dashboard program in macOS.
Compiz starts with a blank Widget Layer, allowing the user to add applications by clicking on them. A variety of widgets are supported, including Screenlets, gDesklets and SuperKaramba.
Windows Vista provides gadgets that the user can place on the Windows Sidebar (Sidebar gadgets), a Windows Live start page (Web gadgets), or an external display, such as the user's mobile phone (SideShow gadgets). The Windows Sidebar was a visible partition in Windows Vista, and was eliminated in Windows 7, along with Sidebar gadgets which were changed to Desktop Gadgets.
Transitions and other effects
Before compositing window managers were developed, windows would instantly jump in and out of view, which is incongruent with the interface metaphor (and with a physical office setting). Some systems like the Classic Mac OS avoided this issue with ZoomRects, animating the windows outline "zooming" toward its final position. But on most systems, the sudden appearance and disappearance of GUI elements may seem confusing or even chaotic to inexperienced users. Visual transitions provide context and help distinguish the causal relationships of GUI elements. Instead of just disappearing, a window may fade away, or visibly shrink to the taskbar. A pull-down menu that has been clicked may smoothly radiate outward from the menu bar, making it easier to determine its origin and purpose.
Gradual and natural transitions may be especially helpful for elderly or visually impaired users who notice changes to the screen more slowly and with less clarity. For example, an inexperienced user may impulsively click on a menu that was activated by accident, causing him or her to lose work. The short delay necessary to display a visual transition may give the user enough time to make a conscious decision, and avoid such mistakes.
User interface façades
Metisse implements user interface façades, a system that provides users with simple ways to adapt, reconfigure, and recombine existing graphical interfaces, through the use of direct manipulation techniques.
List of compositing window managers
3Dwm, a three-dimensional workspace manager and general-purpose platform for 3D user interfaces. As of June 2006 this project is inactive.
Desktop Window Manager and the Windows Aero theme on Windows
Quartz Compositor on macOS
Compiz
Marco
KWin (since version 3.3)
Mutter
Xfwm from within Xfce (since version 4.2)
Metisse window system
Mir (since version 1.0)
List of standalone compositing managers
xcompmgr—a minimal alternative to Compiz
Compton–a bug-fixed fork of dcompmgr, which is a fork of xcompmgr. (Not maintained since 2017.)
Picom-a lightweight compositor for X11. It is a fork of Compton.
Cairo Compmgr (Cairo Composite Manager)—a compositing add-on for existing window managers. It uses Cairo, a vector graphics library also used in GTK+.
Unagi Compositing Manager—a compositing manager which can be used along with an existing window manager. It uses the XCB library. (Not maintained since 2014.)
MCompositor—used on MeeGo handsets.
Operating systems with compositing window managers
Mac OS X 10.0 and later
any Unix-like OS using XOrg/AIGLX or Xgl
AmigaOS 4
MorphOS 2.0 and later
Windows Vista and later
See also
Window manager
Tiling window manager
Stacking window manager
Re-parenting window manager
Retained mode
Zooming user interface
Computer graphics
References
External links
Graphical user interfaces |
4029011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento%20Country%20Day%20School | Sacramento Country Day School | Sacramento Country Day School (SCDS) is an independent, co-educational, college preparatory school serving pre-kindergarten through grade 12 since 1964. SCDS is located in the unincorporated Arden Arcade neighborhood of Sacramento, California, and serves students from all surrounding areas, including Carmichael, Davis, Elk Grove, Placerville, Folsom, El Dorado Hills, and Shingle Springs.
History
Seeking an academically-challenging school for their son, Greg, Dr. Baxter Geeting and his wife, Corinne, formulated the concept for Country Day around their kitchen table. About that time, Dr. Geeting met Herbert Matthews, who was teaching math at a small school in Carmichael, and convinced him to join the discussion. Soon, the school envisioned by these educators became a reality.
September 14, 1964, the school opened with 12 students in portable buildings at the Unitarian Church on Sierra Blvd. The following year, the school relocated to its present campus on Latham Drive with 123 students in grades kindergarten through nine. High School buildings arrived in 1970, the multi-purpose building in 1977, and Lower School classrooms in 1979. The building boom of the 1980s produced the gymnasium (1982), the Matthews Library (1985), the administration building (1985), and the Lower School library “wing” (1985). Recent construction includes the Frank Science Center (2005), and the new Lower School building and renovation, completed in August 2008.
As the physical plant and enrollment steadily grew, so did the strength and breadth of the school's educational programs. Over the decades, SCDS added many Advanced Placement, honors, and elective courses in addition to co-curricular programs such as Mock Trial and Renaissance Day; and field trips such as Sutter's Fort, Marin Headlands, Yosemite, Redwood Glen, and Washington D.C.; and over two dozen interscholastic athletic teams.
Lower School
The Lower School begins with prekindergarten and continues through the fifth grade.
Middle school
SCDS's middle school consists of grades six through eight. Seventh and eighth grades have specialized teachers for each subject, in addition to a home-room teacher and a rotating schedule. Each student is required to take two electives per semester. There are no final exams for middle school students. Most students in the middle school take a foreign language, either Latin, Spanish or French.
Each middle school grade spends a week on an educational class trip, including an eighth grade class trip to Washington DC, a seventh grade trip to Yosemite, and a sixth grade trip to Redwood Glen.
High school
The high school consists of roughly 150 students in grades 9 through 12. There are many student clubs and varsity sports teams available to students. Community service is required to graduate. Students must take at least three consecutive years of French, Spanish, or Latin in order to graduate. Arts and drama activities are also available. According to SCDS publications, graduates are regularly accepted to a higher education institution, including universities such as Harvard University, Columbia University, University of California, Los Angeles, Stanford University, Cornell University, Princeton University, and other top-tier schools.
Octagon
The Octagon is an established school newspaper with a staff of 22 students. The publication has previously won the Pacemaker award, an award equal in prestige to a Pulitzer Prize for high school journalism, and is a finalist for its 08-09 publications. It is a part of the High School National Ad Network and can be viewed online at SCDS Octagon webpage.
Baxterpedia
Baxterpedia is the Country Day school wiki where any student is welcome to make contributions. Named after Baxter the Owl, it's a site dedicated to recording and sharing information. Students may create pages about any school-appropriate topic they want, and, eventually, the goal is to create a database of information (much like Wikipedia) where new and old students can record and find information regarding the school.
Notable faculty
David Ancrum (born 1958), basketball player, top scorer in the 1994 Israel Basketball Premier League
References
External links
School Website - www.saccds.org
Educational institutions established in 1964
Preparatory schools in California
High schools in Sacramento, California
Private high schools in California
Private middle schools in California
Private elementary schools in California
1964 establishments in California |
4029016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panagarh | Panagarh | Panagarh is a small town in the Paschim Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India.
Geography
Location
Panagarh is located at . It has an average elevation of .
Urbanisation
According to the 2011 census, 79.22% of the population of the Durgapur subdivision was urban and 20.78% was rural. The sole municipal corporation in the Durgapur subdivision is located at Durgapur and the subdivision has 38 (+1 partly) census towns (partly presented in the map alongside; all places marked on the map are linked in the full-screen map).
Indian Air Force base
Panagarh Airport was constructed in 1944, during the Second World War. It serves as a base for the Indian Air Force. In 2016, it was renamed as Air Force Station Arjan Singh.
Cantonment
One of the 62 cantonments in the country is located at Panagarh.
Demographics
According to the 2011 Census of India, Panagar had a total population of 5,510, of which 2,796 (51%) were males and 2,714 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 650. The total number of literates in Panagar was 3,836 (78.93% of the population over 6 years).
Transport
Panagarh is a station on the Bardhaman–Asansol section, which is a part of Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line, Howrah–Allahabad–Mumbai line and Howrah–Delhi main line.
Earlier, National Highway 19 passed through Panagarh Bazar. A bypass was constructed in 2016, avoiding the crowded bazar area. The old Grand Trunk Road continues to pass through the town.
State Highway 14 passes through Panagarh. The Dubrajpur–Panagarh sector of SH 14 is part of Panagarh–Morgram Highway.
Education
Panagarh has five primary schools, Rama Krishna Ashrama Vidyapitha, the Kendriya Vidyalaya, Secondary School (Panagarh Railway Colony School) and three higher secondary schools (Panagarh Bazar Hindi High School, Kanksa High School and Kanksa Girls' High School).
Professional education
Panagarh has two engineering colleges viz. Aryabhatta Institute of Engineering & Management Durgapur and Techno India, Durgapur.
Healthcare
Panagarh Rural Hospital, with 30 beds, is the major government medical facility in the Kanksa CD block. There are 4 nonbedded primary health centres at Malandighi, Shibpur, Shyambazar and Shilampur and 26 health wellness centres.
References
Cities and towns in Paschim Bardhaman district
Durgapur, West Bengal |
4029036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikki | Kikki | Kikki may refer to
Kikki Danielsson, country, dansband and pop singer from Sweden
Kikki (album), a 1982 Kikki Danielsson album
Kikki, Balochistan, town in Pakistan
Kikki Benjamin, manga character; see list of Tokyo Mew Mew characters
See also
Kiki (disambiguation)
Feminine given names
Swedish feminine given names |
4029048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing%20Day%20shooting | Boxing Day shooting | The Boxing Day shooting was a Canadian gang-related shooting which occurred on December 26, 2005, on Toronto's Yonge Street, resulting in the death of 15-year-old student Jane Creba. Six other bystanders—four men and two women—were wounded. The incident took place on one of Toronto's most crowded streets on the very busy shopping day, just a few blocks north of the Toronto Eaton Centre. The story generated national news coverage in Canada and influenced the then-underway 2006 federal election campaign on the issues of gun crime and street violence.
Fatality
Jane Creba (May 13, 1990 – December 26, 2005), a tenth-grade student at Riverdale Collegiate Institute, was killed in the incident. While shopping with her sister, she was exiting Pizza Pizza on the west side of the street, when the gunfight erupted. One bullet passed through her upper torso, lodging in her clothing; it was later recovered in hospital. She was rushed to St. Michael's Hospital and died during emergency surgery.
Initial arrests
Police arrested two men on several gun charges at Castle Frank subway station within an hour after the shooting: Andre Thompson, 20, who was on probation at the time, and Jorrell Simpson-Rowe, 17. Thompson had been released just before Christmas from Maplehurst prison near Milton, Ontario, where he had served 30 days for his role in a convenience-store robbery. He declined a bail hearing for his current charges. Police believe as many as 10 to 15 people were involved in the shooting and that more than one gun was fired.
Later arrests and convictions
Twenty Toronto Police detectives were assigned to "Project Green Apple" (named after her favourite food) to work on the case. On June 13, 2006, Toronto Police conducted multiple raids at 14 locations throughout Toronto in the early morning, arresting six men and two teenagers. Charges laid against them included manslaughter, second-degree murder, and attempted murder relating to the six other bystanders. All arrested are members of two different street gangs.
In October 2007, a young man who was rounded up in the initial arrests, Eric Boateng, was shot dead in a seemingly unconnected incident. Boateng was not charged with the shooting, but was later charged with cocaine trafficking.
As of December 2007, ten people have been charged with murder or manslaughter in the case, three of whom are youths. Those charged with second-degree murder include Tyshaun Barnett and Louis Woodcock, both 19, Jeremiah Valentine, 24, and Jorrell Simpson-Rowe, who was 17 at the time of the shootings. One of the teenagers who was arrested in June and charged with manslaughter was exonerated on October 25, 2007 after the preliminary hearing. The teenager charged with murder was committed to trial.
On December 7, 2008, Jorrell Simpson-Rowe, previously known as JSR because the Youth Criminal Justice Act forbids disclosure of identities of minors, was convicted by a jury of murder in the second degree. In April 2009, he was sentenced as an adult to life in prison with no chance of parole for seven years.
In November 2009, manslaughter charges against four individuals involved in the incident were dropped because the prosecutors "felt there were no reasonable prospects for conviction". The four were alleged by prosecutors to have had a "common unlawful purpose" in the incident, but did not fire a weapon.
In December 2009, one decliner, 27-year-old Jeremiah Valentine pleaded guilty to second-degree murder in Creba's death and was given a life sentence with no chance of parole for 12 years. And in April 2010, a jury found Louis Woodcock, 23, and Tyshaun Barnett, 22, guilty of manslaughter in the 15-year-old's death, but not guilty of the more serious offence of second-degree murder. They were also found guilty of four counts each of aggravated assault, relating to other people who were wounded by stray bullets that day.
Media coverage and community impact
The Boxing Day Shooting was the subject of intense media coverage, particularly after a year in which the city of Toronto recorded 80 homicides and a city record 52 shooting deaths. Only one month earlier on November 18, 2005, Amon Beckles was killed outside the sanctuary of a church while attending the funeral of his friend, Jamal Hemmings, whose shooting death he may have witnessed a week earlier, on Eglinton Avenue between Oakwood and Marlee Avenues in the Eglinton West neighbourhood in the former city of York.
The incident was yet another example that led to 2005 being labelled by both the media and police as the year of the gun. Detective Sergeant Savas Kyriacou of the Toronto Police Service spoke for these people in saying, "Toronto has finally lost its innocence. I think we're going to feel this day for a long time to come."
Creba's death has also caused much controversy over the causes of gun crime and the ways to handle the problem. Also controversial is the resurgence of the Guardian Angels in Toronto; they arrived in mid-January to visit the city. Toronto street patrols began in July; however, the chapter had run into financial difficulties by September 2006. Some coverage has also analyzed the disproportionate coverage Creba's death received, compared to the similar deaths of numerous men and women of colour.
In 2016, some 11 years after Creba's death, author Anita Arvast released a book titled What Killed Jane Creba: Rap, Race and the Invention of a Gang War that draws into question the systemic racism that surrounded the case and still troubles Toronto.
See also
Danzig Street shooting
Eaton Centre shooting
2018 Toronto shooting
References
External links
Fourth murder suspect charged in Creba shooting, The Globe and Mail, November 8, 2006
Slain teenager veered blithely into crossfire, The Globe and Mail, December 27, 2005
Family of slain Toronto teen remembers their 'bright light', CBC News, December 29, 2005
T.O. shootings take city's 'innocence': Officer, CTV News, December 28, 2005
Boxing Day shooting suspect declines bail, CTV News, January 13, 2006
Video of possible Creba shooting witness released, CTV News, March 15, 2006
2006 in Toronto
Crime in Ontario
Crime in Toronto
Deaths by firearm in Ontario
2005 murders in Canada
Organized crime events in Canada |
4029059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three%20Angels%20Broadcasting%20Network | Three Angels Broadcasting Network | The Three Angels Broadcasting Network, or 3ABN, is a Christian media television and radio network which broadcasts Seventh-day Adventist religious and health-oriented programming, based in West Frankfort, Illinois, United States. Although it is not formally tied to any particular church or denomination, much of its programming focuses on Seventh-day Adventist theology and Adventist doctrine.
History
Three Angels Broadcasting Network is located in West Frankfort, Illinois. In July 2017, 3ABN announced the sale of 60 low-powered television (LPTV) stations and 10 LPTV construction permits to Edge Spectrum. In October 2017, 3ABN announced the sale of 14 LPTV stations to HC2 Holdings.
Programming
The stated goal of 3ABN's programming is a blend of family and social programs, health and lifestyle, gospel music, and a wide variety of Bible-based presentations.
3ABN maintains several distinct subchannels, separated by language and format.
3ABN (the flagship service with a mixture of programs from the other subchannels)
3ABN Proclaim! (all-televangelism)
3ABN Latino Network (Spanish language)
3ABN Latino Radio Network (Spanish language)
3ABN Radio Network
3ABN Radio Music Channel
3ABN Russia (Russian language)
3ABN Russia Radio Network (Russian language)
3ABN Français Network (French language)
3ABN International Network (partial simulcast of the main 3ABN with some foreign programming)
3ABN Dare to Dream Network ("urban Christian lifestyle")
3ABN Kids Network (children's programming, also covers the network's E/I liabilities)
3ABN Praise Him Music Network (worship music)
3ABN Australia Radio Network
3ABN Plus (3ABN+) live streaming broadcasts of all 3ABN television and radio networks with videos on demand, and so much more, and the subscription is free
As of early 2009, 3ABN's main TV channel had 69% original programming; 3ABN Latino had 67% original programming; and 3ABN Russia had 100% original programming.
The 3ABN International network has the same/similar lineup of programs as 3ABN's flagship network. 3ABN International carries "3ABN Now", the flagship program and some other programming produced by 3ABN Australia.
Not only 3ABN produced their programming at their World Headquarters in West Frankfort, Illinois, 3ABN also produces and carries their programming in their world branches at Three Angels Russian Evangelism Centre in Nizhny Novgorod in Russia and 3ABN Australia Production Centre in Morisset, New South Wales in Australia.
Availability
3ABN television networks are available viewing worldwide through various ways and platforms like international satellites including DISH Network (United States), local downlink stations, and over-the-air stations (United States), cable television, Internet, YouTube, Facebook, 3ABN+ app with Apple and Android mobile devices, Roku, Amazon Fire TV, Smart TVs, Android TV, Apple TV (4th and 5th Generation and future), 3ABN networks are available via FaithStream (Australia), MySDATV, Interless Box by MySDATV, Verizon FiOS, Skitter TV, Truli, Vision TV UK (United Kingdom), Transvision NetWork (France, Antilles-Guyana and Reunion), VAST Satellite (Australia), Sky Cable (Philippines), and Cignal (Philippines), and MyTVToGo (worldwide). 3ABN radio networks are available listening through local radio stations, international satellites, 3ABN+ app with Apple and Android mobile devices, Roku, Amazon Fire TV, Apple TV, Smart TVs, Android TV. 3ABN radio networks are available on MySDATV, Interless Box by MySDATV, FaithStream (Australia) FaithStream and the Internet.
See also
Seventh-day Adventist Church
List of Three Angels Broadcasting Network affiliates
Three Angels' Messages
References
External links
3ABN.org
3ABN+
Three Angels Broadcasting Network
Television networks in the United States
American radio networks
Christian film production companies
Christian radio stations in Australia
Christian radio stations in the United States
Christian television networks
Gospel music media
Conservative media in the United States
Religious television stations in the United States
English-language television stations in Australia
Independent ministries of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
International broadcasters
Adventist organizations established in the 20th century
Television channels and stations established in 1984
Radio stations established in 1999
Radio broadcasting companies of the United States
Companies based in Franklin County, Illinois
1999 establishments in Illinois
Internet television streaming services
Internet television channels
Internet properties established in 2021 |
4029064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer%20Iseler | Elmer Iseler | Elmer Walter Iseler, (October 14, 1927 – April 3, 1998) was a Canadian choir conductor and choral editor. He was the conductor of the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir and founder of the Festival Singers of Canada and the Elmer Iseler Singers.
Education
Elmer Iseler was born in 1927 in Port Colborne, Ontario, the son of a Lutheran minister. He studied piano and organ as a youth. In 1945, he enrolled in Waterloo College, an offshoot of Waterloo Lutheran Seminary that later evolved into Wilfrid Laurier University. There he studied organ and church music with Ulrich Leupold.
Iseler transferred to the Faculty of Music at the University of Toronto to finish his degree, graduating in 1950 with a Bachelor of Music. He then studied at the Ontario College of Education (now Ontario Institute for Studies in Education). While at OCE, he conducted the University of Toronto Symphony Orchestra, and the university's All-Varsity Mixed Chorus.
Iseler sang in the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir under the baton of Sir Ernest MacMillan, and in 1951-52 he apprenticed as an assistant rehearsal conductor.
Career
In 1952, Iseler found work teaching orchestral and choral music in Toronto high schools, an occupation he continued until 1964. From 1965 to 1968, he returned to the University of Toronto to teach choral music.
In 1954, Iseler helped to found the Festival Singers of Toronto, later known as the Festival Singers of Canada, and conducted them until 1978. He then founded a professional chamber choir, the Elmer Iseler Singers. He conducted this choir until his death in 1998.
In 1964, Iseler succeeded Walter Susskind as conductor of the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir, a position he held until 1997. The Elmer Iseler Singers formed the core of the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir from their founding until 1997.
Iseler was widely regarded as a leading Canadian choral conductor. "He brought to the Festival Singers and the Mendelssohn Choir fresh discipline and versatility, eliciting stylistic resilience, fine tuning, and a healthy sound adaptable to music of all periods." In the 1980s and 1990s, he led his choirs at many national and international festivals and events. It is said that, in a long association between the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir and the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, Iseler conducted over 150 performances of Messiah by George Frideric Handel.
In 1975, Iseler was made an Officer of the Order of Canada "for his many services in the field of music in Canada, particularly for his development of the world-renowned Toronto Mendelssohn Choir". He was awarded the Order of Ontario in 1995. In 1997, he was named a Fellow of the Royal Conservatory of Music and an Adjunct Professor of Choral Music at the University of Toronto, where the Elmer Iseler singers became the official choir-in-residence. Following Iseler's death, the university created the Elmer Iseler Chair in Conducting.
References
1927 births
1998 deaths
Male conductors (music)
Members of the Order of Ontario
Officers of the Order of Canada
People from Port Colborne
University of Toronto alumni
20th-century Canadian conductors (music)
20th-century Canadian male musicians |
4029066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron%20Stawell | Baron Stawell | Baron Stawell was a title that was created twice in British history. The first creation came in the Peerage of England in 1683 when Colonel Ralph Stawell was made Baron Stawell, of Somerton in the County of Somerset. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baron in 1755. The Honourable Mary, daughter of the fourth Baron, married the prominent politician the Honourable Henry Bilson-Legge, fourth son of William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth (see Earl of Dartmouth for earlier history of the Legge family). She inherited the Stawell estates and in 1760 the barony held by her father was revived when she was raised to the Peerage of Great Britain as Baroness Stawell, of Somerton in the County of Somerset, with remainder to her sons by her first husband. In 1768 Lady Stawell married as her second husband Wills Hill, 1st Earl of Hillsborough (later 1st Marquess of Downshire). She was succeeded by her only son, the second Baron. He had no male issue and the barony became extinct on his death in 1820.
Barons Stawell; First creation (1683)
Ralph Stawell, 1st Baron Stawell (d. 1689)
John Stawell, 2nd Baron Stawell (d. 1692)
William Stawell, 3rd Baron Stawell (d. 1742)
Edward Stawell, 4th Baron Stawell (d. 1755)
Barons Stawell; Second creation (1760)
Mary Bilson-Legge, 1st Baroness Stawell (1726–1780)
Henry Bilson-Legge, 2nd Baron Stawell (1757–1820)
See also
Earl of Dartmouth
Marquess of Downshire
References
1683 establishments in England
Extinct baronies in the Peerage of England
Extinct baronies in the Peerage of Great Britain
Legge family
Noble titles created in 1683
Noble titles created in 1760
Peerages created with special remainders |
4029071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Other%20Side%20%28Chuck%20Brown%20and%20Eva%20Cassidy%20album%29 | The Other Side (Chuck Brown and Eva Cassidy album) | The Other Side is an album by the American go-go funk musician Chuck Brown and American singer Eva Cassidy. It was first released in 1992 by Brown's label Liaison records. The album comprises jazz, blues and soul standards and contains a mixture of solos and duets. It is the only studio album by Cassidy to have been released in her lifetime.
Track listing
"Let the Good Times Roll" (Shirley Goodman, Leonard Lee) - 3:12
"Fever" (Eddie Cooley, John Davenport) - 4:16
"You Don't Know Me" (Eddy Arnold, Cindy Walker) - 4:59
"I Could Have Told You So" (Jimmy Van Heusen, Carl Sigman) - 3:31
"Gee, Baby, Ain't I Good to You" (Andy Razaf, Don Redman) - 2:44
"I'll Go Crazy" (James Brown) - 2:50
"You Don't Know What Love Is" (Gene de Paul, Don Raye) - 4:40 (Chuck Brown solo)
"Drown in My Own Tears" (Henry Glover) - 5:37
"God Bless the Child" (Billie Holiday, Arthur Herzog, Jr.) - 3:18 (Eva Cassidy solo)
"Red Top" (Ben Kynard, Lionel Hampton) - 2:55
"Dark End of the Street" (Dan Penn, Chips Moman) - 3:55 (Eva Cassidy solo)
"The Shadow of Your Smile" (Johnny Mandel, Paul Francis Webster) - 3:30
"Over the Rainbow" (Harold Arlen, E.Y. Harburg) - 5:02 (Eva Cassidy solo)
"You've Changed" (Bill Carey, Carl Fischer) - 4:00
Another track from these sessions, "Need Your Love So Bad", appears on the Eva Cassidy album Eva by Heart.
Personnel
Chuck Brown - vocals, piano
Eva Cassidy - vocals, guitar
Keith Grimes - guitar
Dave Lourim - guitar
Dan Cassidy - violin
Matthew Allen - strings
Philip Jehle - clarinet
Tom Crawford - saxophone
Donnell Floyd - saxophone
C.J. - saxophone
Gilbert Pryor - trumpet
The Reverend Pope - trumpet
"Little" Benny Harley - trumpet
Roy Battle - trombone
Lenny Williams - piano, vibes
Mark "Godfather" Lawson - organ
Kent Wood - organ, synthesizer
Chris Biondo - bass, congas
Keter Betts - upright bass
Raice McLeod - drums
Jim Campbell - drums
Ju Ju House - drums
William Cook - congas
Darryl Andrews - percussion
References
Eva Cassidy albums
Chuck Brown albums
Covers albums
1992 albums
Collaborative albums |
4029080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmfare%20Award%20for%20Best%20Screenplay | Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay | The Filmfare Best Screenplay Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films.
Superlatives
Most Awards
Salim–Javed – 3
Basu Chatterjee – 3
Rajkumar Hirani – 3
Mani Ratnam – 2
Vijay Tendulkar – 2
Vidhu Vinod Chopra – 2
Abhijat Joshi – 2
Note: Both Vidhu Vinod Chopra and Rajkumar Hirani won the award twice jointly.
List of winners
1960s
1969 Nabendu Ghosh – Majhli Didi
1970s
1970 Hrishikesh Mukherjee – Anokhi Raat
1971 Vijay Anand – Johny Mera Naam
1972 Basu Chatterjee – Sara Akash
1973 Arvind Mukherjee – Amar Prem
1974 Salim–Javed – Zanjeer
1975 Shama Zaidi, Kaifi Azmi – Garm Hava
1976 Salim–Javed – Deewaar
1977 Basu Chatterjee – Chhoti Si Baat
1978 Lekh Tandon, Vrajendra Kaur, Madhusudan Kalekar – Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye
1979 Kamleshwar – Pati Patni Aur Woh
1980s
1980 Girish Karnad, B.V. Karanth – Godhuli
1981 Vijay Tendulkar – Aakrosh
1982 K. Balachander – Ek Duuje Ke Liye
1983 Salim–Javed – Shakti
1984 Vijay Tendulkar – Ardh Satya
1985 Mrinal Sen – Khandhar
1986 Goutam Ghose, Partha Banerjee – Paar
1987 Not Awarded
1988 Not Awarded
1989 Nasir Hussain – Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak
1990s
1990 Shiv Kumar Subramaniam – Parinda
1991 Basu Chatterjee – Kamla Ki Maut
1992 Tapan Sinha – Ek Doctor Ki Maut
1993 Aziz Mirza, Manoj Lalwani – Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman
1994 Robin Bhatt, Javed Siddiqui, Akash Khurana – Baazigar
1995 Sooraj R. Barjatya – Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!
1996 Aditya Chopra – Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge
1997 Rajkumar Santoshi – Ghatak: Lethal
1998 Subhash Ghai – Pardes
1999 Karan Johar – Kuch Kuch Hota Hai
2000s
2000 John Matthew Matthan – Sarfarosh
2001 Honey Irani, Ravi Kapoor – Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai
2002 Farhan Akhtar – Dil Chahta Hai
2003 Mani Ratnam – Saathiya
2004 Rajkumar Hirani, Vidhu Vinod Chopra, Lajan Joseph – Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.
2005 Mani Ratnam – Yuva
2006 Nina Arora, Manoj Tyagi – Page 3
2007 Jaideep Sahni – Khosla Ka Ghosla
2008 Anurag Basu – Life In A... Metro 2009 Yogendra Vinayak Joshi, Upendra Sidhaye – Mumbai Meri Jaan2010s
2010 Rajkumar Hirani, Vidhu Vinod Chopra, Abhijat Joshi – 3 Idiots 2011 Anurag Kashyap, Vikramaditya Motwane – Udaan 2012 Akshat Verma – Delhi Belly 2013 Sanjay Chauhan and Tigmanshu Dhulia – Paan Singh Tomar 2014 Chetan Bhagat, Abhishek Kapoor, Supratik Sen & Pubali Chaudhari – Kai Po Che! 2015 Rajkumar Hirani, Abhijat Joshi – PK 2016 Juhi Chaturvedi – Piku 2017 Shakun Batra, Ayesha Devitre - Kapoor & Sons
2018 Shubhashish Bhutiani - Mukti Bhawan
2019 Sriram Raghavan, Arijit Biswas, Pooja Ladha Surti, Yogesh Chandekar, Hemanth Rao – Andhadhun
Anubhav Sinha – Mulk
Bhavani Iyer and Meghna Gulzar – Raazi
Nandita Das – Manto
Raj and DK – Stree
2020s
2020 Zoya Akhtar, Reema Kagti - Gully Boy
Anubhav Sinha, Gaurav Solanki - Article 15
Balwinder Singh Janjua - Saand Ki Aankh
Jagan Shakti, R Balki, Dharma, Nidhi Singh, Saket Kodiparthi - Mission Mangal
Manish Gupta, Ajay Bahl - Section 375
Sudip Sharma - Sonchiriya
2021 Rohena Gera - Sir
Anubhav Sinha, Mrunmayee Lagoo Waikul - Thappad
Anurag Basu - Ludo
Kapil Sawant, Rajesh Krishnan -Lootcase
Prakash Kapadia, Om Raut -Tanhaji
References
Screenplay
Screenwriting awards for film |
4029086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeah%20Right%21 | Yeah Right! | Yeah Right! is a 2003 skateboarding video by Girl Skateboards (featuring Chocolate Skateboards), directed by Ty Evans and Spike Jonze. Yeah Right! is notable for its soundtrack, length, and the extensive use of never-before-seen (in a skateboarding video) special effects.
Summary
A short prologue pays tribute to skater Keenan Milton, who died in 2001. Milton was part of Chocolate Skateboards team, a subset of Girl Skateboards.
The introduction credits for the video feature a unique series of shots in ultra-slow motion, filmed with Jonze's personal camera that is capable of shooting 100 frames per second. The camera is low to the ground and very close to the skateboarder as various flip tricks are completed.
Although Yeah Right features mainly skateboarding, there are many special effects used. There are several different scenes in between skaters' parts which make use of green screen technology like the "invisible skateboards" bit and other camera effects such as the "magic board" and the "Skatetrix" bits.
A cameo is made by Owen Wilson. He is in a parking lot with Rick Howard, Eric Koston and Mike Carroll preparing to perform a trick on a handrail. By framing the camera very carefully, it appears that Wilson attempts a backside bluntslide. However, while the camera was facing the opposite direction for a moment, Wilson had slipped out of the frame and is replaced by Eric Koston who is wearing a wig and matching clothes. Koston performs the trick down the staircase and Wilson reappears in the shot after Koston lands to make it look like he completed the trick.
Cast
Yeah Right! features the Girl Skateboards team, along with Chocolate Skateboards.
(in order of appearance)
Keenan Milton - memorial section before the intro of the film (Milton rode for Chocolate until his death in 2001).
Brandon Biebel
Brian Anderson
Marc Johnson - Chocolate section
Chico Brenes - Chocolate montage
Jesus Fernandez - Chocolate montage
Daniel Castillo - Chocolate montage
Chris Roberts - Chocolate montage
Ricardo Carvalho - Chocolate montage
Scott Johnston - Chocolate montage
Richard Mulder - Chocolate montage
Kenny Anderson - Chocolate montage
Mike York - Chocolate section
Justin Eldridge - Chocolate section
Gino Iannuci - Chocolate section
Robbie McKinley
Guy Mariano - Girl "Veterans" montage
Rudy Johnson - Girl "Veterans" montage
Tony Ferguson - Girl "Veterans" montage
Jeron Wilson - Girl "Veterans" montage
Rick Howard - Girl "Veterans" montage
Paul Rodriguez
Jereme Rogers
Mike Carroll
Rick McCrank
Eric Koston
External links
Yeah Right! track listing
Skateboarding videos
2003 films
Films directed by Spike Jonze
2000s English-language films |
4029088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arild%20Andersen | Arild Andersen | Arild Andersen (born 27 October 1945) is a Norwegian jazz musician bassist, known as the most famous Norwegian bass player in the international jazz scene.
Career
Andersen was born at Strømmen, Norway. He started his musical career as jazz guitarist in the Riverside Swing Group in Lillestrøm (1961–63), started playing double bass in 1964, and soon became part of the core jazz bands in Oslo. He was a member of Roy Hellvin Trio, was in the backing band at Kongsberg Jazz Festival in 1967 and 1968, was elected Best Bassist by Jazznytt in 1967, and started as bass player in the Jan Garbarek Quartet (1967–1973), including Terje Rypdal and Jon Christensen. After completing his technical education in 1968, he became a professional musician and collaborated with Karin Krog, George Russell, and Don Cherry (Berlin 1968), and with visiting American musicians Phil Woods, Dexter Gordon, Bill Frisell, Hampton Hawes, Johnny Griffin, Sonny Rollins, Sheila Jordan, and Chick Corea. During the same period he worked with Ferenc Snétberger and Tomasz Stańko.
In the early 1970s, Andersen collaborated with Norwegian musicians Magni Wentzel, Jon Eberson, Ketil Bjørnstad, and Terje Rypdal, before leaving for an eventful visit to the U.S. in the winter of 1973–1974, and has since 1974 led his own bands, at first a quartet (1974–79). He worked with the Radka Toneff Quintet (1975–81) and has recorded more than a dozen albums as band leader for ECM Records, founded the critically acclaimed band Masqualero, and appeared as side man on a series of recordings. In January 2009, he was named "Musicien Europeen 2008" by the French Academie du Jazz, In 2010, Andersen received the Ella Award at the Oslo Jazzfestival.
In 2022, he recorded a trio album with the American drummer Bob Moses and Slovenian guitarist Samo Salamon entitled Pure and Simple.
Reception
In a review, All About Jazz critic John Kelman said, "Live at Belleville is Andersen's most exciting release to date. Even more, balanced with its lyrical and, at times, near-orchestral tendencies, it's the best disc of Andersen's long and varied career."
Honors
1969: Buddyprisen
1975: "Bassist of the Year" voted by the European Jazz Federation
1983: Spellemannprisen for Masqualero, within the band "Masqualero"
1984: Gammleng Award in the class Jazz
1986: Spellemannprisen for Bande a Part, within the band "Masqualero"
1991: Spellemannprisen for Re-Enter, within the band "Masqualero"
2008: "Musicien Europeen 2008" by the French "Academie du Jazz"
2010: "Ella Award" at the Oslo Jazzfestival
Discography
As leader/co-leader
1975: Clouds in My Head (ECM)
1977: Shimri (ECM)
1978: Sheila (SteepleChase) with Sheila Jordan
1978: Green Shading into Blue (ECM)
1981: Lifelines (ECM)
1981: Molde Concert (ECM), with John Taylor, Bill Frisell & Alphonse Mouzon
1990: Sagn (Kirkelig Kulturverksted), commissioned work for Vossajazz 1990
1991: Secret Obsession (Nabel) with Uli Beckerhoff, John Abercrombie, John Marshall
1993: Arv (Kirkelig Kulturverksted)
1994: If You Look Far Enough (ECM), with Ralph Towner & Nana Vasconcelos
1995: Kristin Lavransdatter (Kirkelig Kulturverksted)
1997: Hyperborean (ECM)
1998: Sommerbrisen (Kirkelig Kulturverksted), with Frode Alnæs & Stian Carstensen
2003: Julegløggen (Kirkelig Kulturverksted), with Frode Alnæs & Stian Carstensen
2004: The Triangle (ECM), with Vassilis Tsabropoulos & John Marshall
2005: Electra (ECM)
2006: Høstsløv (Kirkelig Kulturverksted), with Frode Alnæs & Stian Carstensen
2008: Live at Belleville (ECM), with Paolo Vinaccia & Tommy Smith
2012: Celebration (ECM), with the Scottish National Jazz Orchestra
2014: Mira (ECM), with Paolo Vinaccia & Tommy Smith
2016: The Rose Window (Deutsche Media Productions), with Helge Lien and Gard Nilssen live at Theater Gütersloh
2018: In House Science (ECM), with Paolo Vinaccia & Tommy Smith
2022: Across Mountains (O-tone Music), with Markus Stockhausen & Vangelis Katsoulis
As sideman
With Don Cherry
1968: Eternal Rhythm (MPS)
With Terje Rypdal
1971: Terje Rypdal (ECM)
With Bobo Stenson
1971: Underwear (ECM)
With Jan Garbarek
1969: Esoteric Circle (Flying Dutchman)
1970: Afric Pepperbird (ECM)
1971: Sart (ECM)
1972: Triptykon (ECM)
With Roswell Rudd
1974: Flexible Flyer (Arista Freedom)
With George Russell
1971: The Essence of George Russell (Sonet)
1982: Trip to Prillarguri (Soul Note)
1983: Listen to the Silence (Soul Note)
With Pål Thowsen, Jon Christensen & Terje Rypdal
1977: No Time for Time (Zarepta)
With Sheila Jordan
1978: Sheila (SteepleChase)
With David Darling
1981: Cycles (ECM)
With Bill Frisell
1982: In Line (ECM)
Within Masqualero
1983: Masqualero (Odin)
1986: Bande a Part (ECM)
1988: Aero (ECM)
1991: Re-Enter (ECM)
With Vassilis Tsabropoulos
1999: Achirana (ECM)
With Markus Stockhausen
2000: Kartā (ECM)
2002: Joyosa (Enja)
2008: Electric Treasures (Aktivraum)
With Carsten Dahl
2002: The Sign (Stunt)
2003: Moon Water (Stunt)
2006: Short Fairytales (EmArcy)
2012: Space Is the Place (Storyville)
2013: Under the Rainbow (Storyville)
With Ferenc Snétberger & Paolo Vinaccia
2004: Nomad (Enja)
With Andy Sheppard
2008: Movements in Colour (ECM)
With Chris Dundas
2014: Oslo Odyssey (BLM)
With Ketil Bjørnstad
1973: Åpning (Philips)
1976: Finnes Du Noensteds Ikveld (Kirkelig Kulturverksted)
1990: The Shadow (Kirkelig Kulturverksted), feat. Randi Stene, poems by John Donne (1562–1626)
1990: Odyssey (Kirkelig Kulturverksted)
2004: Grace (Universal), feat. Anneli Drecker
2007: Devotions (Universal)
2013: La Notte (ECM)
With Yelena Eckemoff
2013: Glass Song (L&H Production)
2015: Lions (L&H Production)
2015: Everblue (L&H Production)
2018: Desert (L&H Production)
2020: Nocturnal Animals (L&H Production)
With Samo Salamon & Bob Moses
2022: Pure and Simple (Samo Records)
See also
List of jazz bassists
References
External links
Arild Andersen on ECM Records
Arild Andersen discography at Discogs
1945 births
Living people
Norwegian jazz composers
20th-century Norwegian upright-bassists
21st-century Norwegian upright-bassists
20th-century Norwegian bass guitarists
Norwegian male bass guitarists
21st-century Norwegian bass guitarists
Avant-garde jazz double-bassists
Norwegian jazz upright-bassists
Male double-bassists
Avant-garde jazz musicians
Spellemannprisen winners
Musicians from Lillestrøm
ECM Records artists
Male jazz composers
20th-century Norwegian male musicians
21st-century Norwegian male musicians
Petter Wettre Quartet members
Masqualero members |
4029098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart%20Has%20Two%20Mommies | Bart Has Two Mommies | "Bart Has Two Mommies" is the fourteenth episode of the seventeenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 19, 2006. In the episode, Marge babysits for Flanders' sons while Bart is kidnapped by a chimpanzee.
Plot
The Simpson family attend a church fundraiser for a new steeple. Ned Flanders wins a rubber duck racing contest and is awarded a computer, although he gives it to Marge because he does not have any use for it. Marge babysits Rod and Todd to repay the favor. She finds that all the games they play are boring and overly safe, such as a "sitting still contest," and helps Rod and Todd have fun by encouraging them to liven up.
With Marge spending so much time at the Flanders' house, Homer, Bart, and Lisa go to an animal sanctuary for retired film animals. Bart sees an elderly female chimpanzee named Toot-Toot and offers her some ice cream, only to be taken into her cage and "adopted." Ned comes home and sees Todd wearing a Band-Aid, having injured himself during one of Marge's games. Marge encourages Ned to let his kids start taking more risks, showing him a flyer for a child-safe activity center.
Marge takes Rod and Todd to the activity center. Ned follows her and is surprised to see Rod climbing a structure, yelling that he will get hurt. Rod gets worried and falls, chipping a tooth against the structure. A news broadcast plays about Bart's kidnapping, surprising Marge and causing Ned to view her as a bad mother. Following this, he starts child-proofing the house, although Rod and Todd protest and tell him that they liked having Marge over.
Lisa suggests that Toot-Toot is keeping Bart captive because her real son has gone missing. When Marge goes into the cage to talk to Toot-Toot, she escapes and climbs atop the unfinished church steeple. With Toot-Toot's son, Mr. Teeny, Rod climbs up the steeple and Ned encourages him. Toot-Toot happily reunites with Mr. Teeny and lets Bart go. In a mid-credits scene, Maude Flanders looks down from Heaven, proud that Rod is growing up.
Cultural references
The episode title refers to the book Heather Has Two Mommies.
Left-handed pitcher Randy Johnson makes a cameo appearance at the Left-Handed convention selling his own line of left-handed teddy bears.
Ned sings "Welcome to the Jungle" by Guns N' Roses with alternate lyrics as "Welcome to the Jungle Gym" while child-proofing the backyard.
Ned makes a reference to the Led Zeppelin song "Dazed and Confused" when he says, "Call me Ned Zeppelin, but is one of my boys abrased and contused?" after he discovers a Band-Aid wrapper in the living room.
Reverend Lovejoy's obsession with building a spire to "compensate for [his] own sense of smallness" is a reference to The Spire by William Golding.
See also
References
External links
The Simpsons (season 17) episodes
2006 American television episodes |
Subsets and Splits
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