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4019454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%20East%20Suite | Far East Suite | Far East Suite is a 1967 concept album by American jazz musician Duke Ellington, inspired by his group's tour of Asia. Ellington and longtime collaborator Billy Strayhorn wrote the compositions.
Strayhorn died in May 1967, making Far East Suite one of the last albums recorded during his life to feature his compositions. The album won the Grammy Award in 1968 for Best Instrumental Jazz Performance – Large Group or Soloist with Large Group.
The album was reissued in 1995 with four previously unreleased alternate takes. In 2003, Bluebird Records issued the album on CD with additional bonus takes.
Background
The album's title is something of a misnomer. As critics Richard Cook and Brian Morton wrote "it really should have been The Near East Suite." Strictly speaking, only one track – "Ad Lib on Nippon", inspired by a 1964 tour of Japan – is concerned with a country in the "Far East". The rest of the music on the album was inspired by a world tour undertaken by Ellington and his orchestra in 1963, which included performances in Damascus, Amman, Ramall'ah, Kabul, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore (now Bengaluru), Madras (now Chennai), Bombay (now Mumbai), Calcutta (now Kolkata), Columbo, Kandy, Dacca (now Dhaka), Lahore, Karachi, Tehran, Isfahan, Abadan, Baghdad, and Beirut. The band arrived in Ankara but U.S. President John F. Kennedy was assassinated the day before its concert, and the State Department cancelled the tour. Scheduled performances in Istanbul, Nicosia, Cairo, Alexandria, Athens, Thessaloniki, and a week added to the tour for Yugoslavia were cancelled.
In early 1964, while on tour in England, Ellington and Strayhorn performed four pieces of music for the first time ("Mynah", "Depk", "Agra", and "Amad"), which they called "Expressions of the Far East". By the time of the recording sessions in December 1966 Ellington and Strayhorn had added four more pieces. One, the latter's "Isfahan" was formerly known as "Elf", and had in fact been written months prior to the 1963 tour.
Legacy
Ellington very rarely performed the pieces that made up The Far East Suite. Cook and Morton have suggested that "Isfahan", which later became a jazz standard, "is arguably the most beautiful item in Ellington's and Strayhorn's entire output." The album had a big impact on the Asian American jazz movement. In 1999, Anthony Brown recorded the entire suite with his Asian-American Orchestra. Unlike the 1967 album, Brown's version used Eastern instruments along with standard jazz instruments.
Reception
Cook and Morton, writing for The Penguin Guide to Jazz, give the album a four-star rating (of a possible four), noting that "Ellington's ability to communicate points of contact and conflict between cultures, assimilating the blues to Eastern modes in tracks like 'Blue Pepper (Far East of the Blues),' never sounds unduly self-conscious. This remains a postwar peak." Scott Yanow, writing for Allmusic, calls this one of Ellington's "more memorable recordings," describing it as an example of "Ellington and Strayhorn in their late prime," and as such, "quite essential."
Participating in Down Beat' s Blindfold Test shortly after the album's release, composer-arranger Clare Fischer was played track #7, "Agra." A longtime admirer and student of Ellington's work, Fischer had no trouble identifying the artist, awarding the track five stars, citing both "Duke's immensely creative writing" and his inexplicable ability to transcend "this same old tired instrumentation of trumpets, trombones and saxophones," while "perfect[ly] utilizing the men's specific sounds." In addition, Fischer praised Ellington's ability to "take an exotic-sounding idea and create something – you might call it sophisticated crudity. It gives both qualities that I look for – an earthy quality and the sophisticated quality."
Track listing
(All compositions by Ellington & Strayhorn except 9. by Ellington.)
"Tourist Point of View" – 5:09
"Bluebird of Delhi (Mynah)" – 3:18
"Isfahan" – 4:02
"Depk" – 2:38
"Mount Harissa" – 7:40
"Blue Pepper (Far East of the Blues)" – 3:00
"Agra" – 2:35
"Amad" – 4:26
"Ad Lib on Nippon" – 11:34
1995 reissue bonus tracks
"Tourist Point of View" (alternative take) – 4:58
"Bluebird of Delhi (Mynah)" (alternative take) – 3:08
"Isfahan" (alternative take) – 4:11
"Amad" (alternative take) – 4:15
Personnel
Duke Ellington – piano
Mercer Ellington – trumpet, flugelhorn
Herbie Jones – trumpet, flugelhorn
William "Cat" Anderson – trumpet
Cootie Williams – trumpet
Lawrence Brown – trombone
Buster Cooper – trombone
Chuck Connors – bass trombone
Johnny Hodges – alto saxophone
Russell Procope – alto saxophone, clarinet
Jimmy Hamilton – tenor saxophone, clarinet
Paul Gonsalves – tenor saxophone
Harry Carney – baritone saxophone
John Lamb – double bass
Rufus Jones – drums
References
1967 albums
Big band albums
Orchestral jazz albums
Swing albums
Duke Ellington albums
Bluebird Records albums
RCA Records albums
Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album |
4019463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swifterbant | Swifterbant | Swifterbant () is a town in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Dronten, and lies about 13 km northeast of Lelystad.
On 1 January 2014, Swifterbant had 6475 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was , and contained 2350 residences.
Archaeology
The town also gave its name to a neolithic Swifterbant culture dated to between 5300 and 3400 BC, before the Roman Warm Period and follow-on Dunkirk transgressions.
References
External links
Populated places in Flevoland
Dronten |
4019467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nya%20Parken | Nya Parken | Nya Parken, formerly known as Norrköpings Idrottspark, also known as PlatinumCars Arena for sponsorship reasons, is a multi-purpose stadium in Norrköping, Sweden. It opened on 25 September 1903 and is currently used mostly for football matches. It is the home arena for IFK Norrköping, IK Sleipner and for IF Sylvia. The stadium had a capacity of 19,414 people until 2008–09 when the arena was re-built.
Construction began on 27 April 1903, and inauguration occurred on 25 September the same year, during the Norrköping Sports Association's Sport Festival. During the 1958 FIFA World Cup, it hosted some group stage matches. During the Euro 1992, it hosted CIS – Germany (1–1), Scotland – Germany (0–2) and Scotland – CIS (3–0), all in Group B.
In 2008–2009 the arena was rebuilt. The arena now uses Artificial grass and the capacity has decreased from 19,414 to 17,234 spectators. The new arena hosts 16 VIP booths, VIP seating for 515 spectators, three bars, two restaurants and small indoor training arena called "Teknikhallen". IFK Norrköping took over the ownership of the arena in 2010 from the city council of Norrköping in a 308.5 million SEK purchase. From its opening in 1903 until its renovation in 2009, the arena had been known as Norrköpings Idrottspark, but after the renovation the name was changed to Nya Parken.
In 2016, the arena changed name for the third time in its history. This time to Östgötaporten, after the naming rights was sold to a real estate company.
References
External links
Östgötaporten - Nordic Stadiums
Football venues in Sweden
Sport in Norrköping
1958 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Multi-purpose stadiums in Sweden
IFK Norrköping
UEFA Euro 1992 stadiums
Buildings and structures in Norrköping
UEFA Women's Euro 2013 venues
Sports venues completed in 1903
1903 establishments in Sweden |
4019469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts%20Commissions | Roberts Commissions | The Roberts Commission is one of two presidentially-appointed commissions. One related to the circumstances of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and another related to the protection of cultural resources during and after World War II. Both were chaired by Supreme Court Justice Owen Josephus Roberts.
First Roberts Commission
The first Roberts Commission was a presidentially-appointed commission formed in December 1941, shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese, to investigate and report the facts relating to the attack. The commission was headed by US Supreme Court Associate Justice Owen Roberts and so it was known as the Roberts Commission. The commission found the commanders of Pearl Harbor, Admiral Husband Kimmel and General Walter Short, guilty of "dereliction of duty." It exonerated Hawaiian Air Force commander, Major General Frederick L. Martin who had also been relieved of command immediately following the attack and his Navy counterpart Patrick N. L. Bellinger (who had not been relieved) with the simple statement “subordinate commanders executed their superiors’ orders without question. They were not responsible for the state of readiness prescribed.” The Commission presented its findings to Congress January 28, 1942. Members of the commission besides Justice Roberts were Adm. William H. Standley, Adm. Joseph M. Reeves, Gen. Frank R. McCoy, and Gen. Joseph T. McNarney. The commission was a fact-finding commission, not a court-martial for either Short or Kimmel.
Some claimed that the report also concluded that both Japanese diplomats and persons of Japanese ancestry had engaged in widespread espionage leading up to the attack, and used this to justify Japanese American incarceration. One passage made vague reference to "Japanese consular agents and other... persons having no open relations with the Japanese foreign service" transmitting information to Japan. However, it was unlikely that these "spies" were Japanese American, as Japanese intelligence agents were distrustful of their American counterparts and preferred to recruit "white persons and Negroes". Despite the fact that the report made no mention of Americans of Japanese ancestry, the media, as well as politicians like California Governor Culbert L. Olson, nevertheless used it to vilify Japanese Americans and inflame public opinion against them.
Second Roberts Commission
The second Roberts Commission, also presidential-appointed is also known after its chairman, again Supreme Court Justice Owen Roberts. It was created to help the US Army protect works of cultural value in Allied-occupied areas of Europe. Its formal name was the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas. The commission also developed inventories of Nazi-appropriated property. Along with the US Military program known as Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives (MFAA), the commission worked to rescue and preserve items of cultural significance. The commission took place from 1943 to 1946.
References
External links
First Roberts Commission: http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/pha/roberts/roberts.html; see also Chapter Two, "The Politics of Infamy: The Roberts Commission and Pearl Harbor," in Kenneth Kitts, *Presidential Commissions and National Security (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006).
Second Roberts Commission: http://www.lexisnexis.com/academic/2upa/Iherc/robertsc_pf.asp
Attack on Pearl Harbor
1941 establishments in the United States
United States Presidential Commissions
Art and cultural repatriation after World War II
Internment of Japanese Americans
1943 establishments in the United States |
4019471 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arosvallen | Arosvallen | Arosvallen is a multi-use stadium in Västerås, Sweden. It is mostly used for soccer, though it is also the home stadium for the Division 1 American football team Västerås Roedeers.
The stadium hosted two 1958 FIFA World Cup games, Yugoslavia - Scotland and Yugoslavia - France. It also hosted four group matches, a quarterfinal, and a semifinal in the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup.
On 18 February 1934, Arosvallen set an attendance record for the Swedish men's top bandy division, with 11,231 spectators watching Västerås SK–IFK Uppsala (1–5).
References
Football venues in Sweden
1958 FIFA World Cup stadiums
1995 FIFA Women's World Cup stadiums
Sport in Västerås
Sports venues completed in 1931
1931 establishments in Sweden |
4019480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bant | Bant | Bant is one of the so-called green villages (Dutch: groendorpen) in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, and lies about 7 km north of Emmeloord.
Name
The name Bant is derived from the estates of Bant or Bantega, which at one point existed in what is now the municipality of De Fryske Marren, and extended into the area that is now the Noordoostpolder.
History
Prison camp
After World War II, before the founding of Bant, the site was used as a prisoner camp for Nazi-collaborators under the name Kamp Westvaart. The camp was accommodated with watchtowers and armed guards. Several prominent collaborators served sentences in the camp. Jan Gunnink, former head of the KP-Meppel, a prominent resistance movement during the war, served as camp commander.
The camp was subject of a social experiment, in which prisoners were offered a contract in which they declared they would not resist and fight in exchange for free movement within the camp. Every prisoner signed the contract. The experiment was later cancelled, but because every prisoner kept to their promises, they were set free. Remaining sentences were instead served out as regular labourer.
Founding
Modern Bant was designed by the board of the Wieringermmer, one of whose jobs was to design and oversee the construction of ten settlements in the Noordoostpolder around the town of Emmeloord. Bant was thus founded in 1951 to the north of Emmeloord, which was founded in 1943, in land reclaimed from the IJsselmeer.
Recent history
In 1998, part of the children's movie The Flying Liftboy, known in Dutch as Abeltje was shot in the town. The town's formerly reformed church, not the Bantsiliek, served as an important piece of decor behind the department store in which the protagonist worked as an elevator boy. In an important scene, the elevator is sent flying out of the elevator shaft, and the church features prominently. The church building has since been sold to a private owner.
Bant celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2011.
Facilities
Bantsiliek
In 1955, a Catholic church was built in Bant, and was given the name Bantsiliek, a portmanteau of Bant and basiliek, the Dutch word for basilica. The church was dedicated to Ludger. At first the church was part of to the Diocese of Utrecht, but was later transferred to the Diocese of Groningen. As the population growth in Bant fell behind expectations, the parish was merged with the parishes in Creil, dedicated to Nicholas, and Rutten, dedicated to Servatius in 1991. The new parish was named "The Good Shepherd" (Dutch: De Goede Herder). In 2001 the churches in Bant and Creil were shut down due to falling numbers of churchgoers. Their inventories were largely incorporated in the church in Rutten.
After 2001, the church building was re-purposed as the new location of the municipal initiative Samen op Weg, which aimed to unite the various Dutch Protestant churches and house them together in the same church building. The other church buildings were sold and the main hall of the Bantsiliek was divided in two, a church hall and a reception area. The chapel dedicated to Maria remained as a place of silence. Large parts of the church have been modified and the church was ready for use on Saturday 27 November 2004, and was officially commissioned on Sunday 23 January 2005.
In 2009, the church, designed by Antonius Vosman Junior, took part in the finals round of "The Most Beautiful Church of the Netherlands" (Dutch: De Mooiste Kerk van Nederland) of the NCRV radio-programme Plaza. The church received the most votes, but the jury elected the Sint-Willibrordusbasiliek in Hulst as winner instead.
Others
Bant is also home to two elementary schools, a sporting club, a holiday park, a small industrial area, a driving school and a supermarket, as well as several bars and restaurants. Every five year, Bant is the scene of a major town feast.
Transportation
Bant lays on the crossroads of the provincial roads N715 and N718, the latter of which ends in Bant and extends north beyond Bant as the Lemsterweg. The N715 leads to Creil in the west, and an on-ramp onto the nearby A6 motorway, beyond which it connects to Kuinre via the N351, and Luttelgeest. The N718 due south runs parallel to the A6 and leads to Emmeloord. Taking the Lemsterweg north leads to Lemmer, and also provides access to Rutten.
Bant has no railway station. The nearest stations are Kampen railway station in Kampen, Steenwijk railway station in Steenwijk and Lelystad Centrum railway station in Lelystad.
Bant is, however, connected by bus. The following bus line services Bant:
References
Populated places in Flevoland
Noordoostpolder
Populated places established in 1951 |
4019482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espel | Espel | Espel is one of the so-called green villages (Dutch: groendorpen) in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It lies in the municipality of Noordoostpolder next to a crossroads where provincial road N712 from Urk to Lemmer intersects with road N714 to Emmeloord, roughly 6 km to the east.
Name
Espel is named after the former village of Espelbergh, also known as Espelo, which was situated north of Urk until it and a large amount of nearby land were washed away in the All Saints' Flood of 1570.
History
Espel was founded in 1956 as an agricultural settlement and one of the green villages spread around the Noordoostpolder. Shortly after being founded Espel was granted several facilities, namely shops, three schools, two churches and two cafeterias.
Facilities
General facilities
Today Espel features its own church, a school, a cafeteria with restaurant and bowling centre, and athletic fields for the local football club, FC Espel.
In 2002 the last supermarket in the village shut down, and in 2009 the last shop closed its doors as well. In 2011, by public initiative, a new supermarket called the Troefmarkt was opened by an entrepreneur from Lelystad. In 2014 the store was bought by a different entrepreneur from the nearby Tollebeek, and was added to his chain of Attent supermarkets.
Church
The local church, the Una Sancta, was built from 1959 to 1962, relatively shortly after the founding of Espel and is operated by the Protestant Church in the Netherlands, abbreviated as PKN, a 2004 merger of many former Protestant churches. The modern white cylindrical church tower especially stands out in its unique style.
From 1960 to 1961 a second, Catholic church was built in the village. It was named Kerk van de Verrijzenis des Heren, which translates to Church of the Rising of the Lord. It is no longer in use.
Surrounding countryside
The area around Espel is an important area in the cultivation of bulbous flowers, mainly but not exclusively tulips. Each spring a walking and cycling route is laid out along the blooming fields.
To the west of Espel, along the dyke that forms the coast with the IJsselmeer, is Windpark Noordoostpolder, a partially on-shore, partially off-shore wind farm. It opened in June 2016 and is the largest wind farm of its kind in the Netherlands. The windpark will feature a total of 86 wind turbines upon completion in 2017.
Public transportation
Espel has a bus connection operated by Connexxion, Line 77, which connects Espel with other villages in the Noordoostpolder.
Line 77: Lemmer - Rutten - Creil - Espel - Emmeloord vv.
Espel is connected by road via provincial road N712 which leads to Tollebeek Urk to the south, and Creil, Rutten and Lemmer to the North. Provincial road N714 starts in Espel and heads east to Emmeloord.
There is no railway station in Espel, but the nearest stations are in Kampen, Dronten and Lelystad.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Flevoland
Noordoostpolder
Populated places established in 1956 |
4019488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultralight%20aircraft%20%28Canada%29 | Ultralight aircraft (Canada) | The Canadian Aviation Regulations define two types of ultralight aircraft: basic ultra-light aeroplane (BULA), and advanced ultra-light aeroplane (AULA).
Definition
Regulation of ultra-light aircraft in Canada is covered by the Canadian Aviation Regulations. An earlier definition of "ultra-light aeroplane", effective October 10, 1996, meant:
a single-seat aeroplane that has a launch weight of 165 kg (364 pounds) or less, and a wing area, expressed in square metres, of not less than the launch weight in kilograms minus 15, divided by 10, and in no case less than ,
a two-seat instructional aeroplane that has a launch weight of 195 kg (430 pounds) or less, and a wing area, expressed in square metres, of not less than 10 m2 and a wing loading of not more than 25 kg/m2 (5.12 lb/ft2), the wing loading being calculated using the launch weight plus the occupant weight of 80 kg (176 pounds) per person, or
an advanced ultra-light aeroplane;
On June 1, 2003, the definition was amended to state that an "ultra-light aeroplane" means either an advanced ultra-light aeroplane or a basic ultra-light aeroplane.
Basic
On July 6, 1956 the Department of Transport first issued new requirements for ultralight aircraft, a category that was eventually renamed "Amateur-built aircraft", leaving Canada without an ultralight category. The basic ultralight category was established as a new category in 1982 to fill this gap. Regulation of ultralight aircraft in Canada is covered by the Canadian Aviation Regulations, which defines a "basic ultra-light aeroplane" as:
an aeroplane having no more than two seats, designed and manufactured to have:
a maximum take-off weight not exceeding 544 kg (1,200 pounds), and
a stall speed in the landing configuration (VS0) of 39 knots (45 mph) indicated airspeed, or less, at the maximum take-off weight;
Advanced
According to Canadian Aviation Regulations, Part I, Subpart 1, an "advanced ultra-light aeroplane" means an aeroplane that has a type design that is in compliance with the standards specified in the manual entitled Design Standards for Advanced Ultra-light Aeroplanes (DS10141).
An advanced ultra-light aeroplane is an aeroplane which:
Is propeller driven;
Is designed to carry a maximum of two persons, including the pilot;
Has a maximum take-off mass, MTOmax or WTOmax, of:
350 kg (770 lb) for a single place aeroplane, or
560.0 kg (1232 lb) for a two place aeroplane;
A maximum stalling speed in the landing configuration, VS0, at manufacturer's recommended maximum take-off mass (weight) not exceeding 72 km/h (20 m/s, 45 mph) (IAS); and
Is limited to non-aerobatic operations. Non-aerobatic operations include:
manoeuvres incident to normal flying
stalls and spins (if approved for type);
lazy eights, chandelles; and
steep turns, in which the angle of bank is not more than 60°
The advanced ultra-light aeroplane (AULA) category is similar, but not identical, to the American light sport aircraft (LSA) category. Many aircraft are available as AULAs in Canada and LSAs in the United States.
Minimum useful load
Advanced ultra-light aeroplanes shall have a minimum useful load, MU or WU computed as follows:
For a single place aeroplane:
MU = 80 + 0.3P, in kg; where P is the rated engine(s) power in kilowatts;
MU = 175 + 0.5P, in lb; where P is the rated engine(s) power in brake horsepower (bhp).
For a two place aeroplane:
MU = 160 + 0.3P, in kg; where P is the rated engine(s) power in kW;
MU = 350 + 0.5P, in lb; where P is the rated engine(s) power in bhp.
Maximum empty mass (weight)
The maximum empty mass, MEmax, (WEmax) includes all operational equipment that is actually installed in the aeroplane. It includes the mass (weight) of the airframe, powerplant, required equipment, optional and specific equipment, fixed ballast, full engine coolant, hydraulic fluid, and the residual fuel and oil. Hence, the maximum empty mass (weight) = maximum take-off mass (weight) - minimum useful load.
The registration marks for an advanced ultra-light aeroplane after 1997 begin with "C-Ixxx". Prior to that date they were C-Fxxx or C-Gxxx.
Operations
An ultra-light pilot permit, recreational pilot permit, private, commercial or airline transport aeroplane licence issued by Transport Canada, is required in order for a person to operate an ultra-light aeroplane in Canada. Pilots holding a Recreational or higher license may carry a passenger in a two-seat advanced ultra-light aeroplane. Pilots with only an ultra-light permit may not carry a passenger in an advanced ultralight unless they have received a passenger carrying endorsement. Basic ultralights cannot carry passengers unless the passenger is another pilot. Student pilots undergoing training may be carried in basic ultralights.
Canadian Basic and Advanced Ultralights may be flown in the USA if the pilot holds a Recreational Pilot Permit or higher designation. Pilots holding an Ultralight Pilot Permit with instructor rating and who have at least 2 hours of cross country experience may also fly to the US.
Any Canadian Ultralight flying to the US also requires a Special Flight Operations Certificate from the FAA. This is a form the pilot completes which is then valid for 180 days.
Nomenclature
Officially this category of aircraft are known in Canada as Ultra-light Aeroplanes although in common use the American term Ultralight Airplanes is often used.
See also
Pilot licensing in Canada
References
External links
Ultralight Pilots Association of Canada - Review of Canadian Aircraft Categories
Canadian Owners and Pilots Association - Aircraft in Canada - Ultralights
Transport Canada Listing of Models Eligible to be Registered as Advanced Ultra-Light Aeroplanes (AULA)
Aviation in Canada |
4019489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luttelgeest | Luttelgeest | Luttelgeest is a village in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, and was created in 1950 as one of ten planned villages around the new city of Emmeloord.
Name
Luttelgeest is named after a no longer existing village with the same name, which used to be near Kuinre, Overijssel. The oldest appearance of the name was in 1379. The meaning of the name translated to English is Little Geest, where 'geest' is a type of landform. The village of Lutjegast in Groningen has a different variant of the same name.
History
In 1942, Camp Luttelgeest was opened for the workers on the Noordoostpolder. In 1949, the plan for the village was approved, and it was founded in 1950. During the construction, the remains of two castles belonging to Kuinre were excavated. The oldest castle was built by Prince-bishop of Utrecht in the 12th century, and was destroyed in 1196 by the Count of Holland. It was rebuilt in 1204 and destroyed in a flood in 1375. In 1378, a castle was built closer to Kuinre, and demolished between 1531 and 1536, because it no longer served a strategic purpose.
The village has been laid out on a triangular pattern, and is surrounded by a green circle.
Public transportation
There is no railway station in Luttelgeest, but the nearest stations are in Kampen and Steenwijk.
Sports
The basketball team and football club SV Tonego is located in Luttelgeest.
Gallery
References
External links
Official site (in Dutch)
Populated places in Flevoland
Noordoostpolder
1950 establishments in the Netherlands |
4019490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padua%20%28disambiguation%29 | Padua (disambiguation) | Padua is a city in northern Italy.
Padua may also refer to:
Anthony of Padua, Roman Catholic saint
San Antonio de Padua, Argentina (named after saint)
Province of Padua, Veneto, Italy
Padua, Illinois, unincorporated community, USA
Padua, Minnesota, unincorporated community, USA
Padua, Ohio, unincorporated community, USA
Padua (ship), a sailing vessel
363 Padua, a main belt asteroid
Padua, a cultivar of Karuka
A variation of the color green.
See also:
University of Padua, Italy
Padua College, Brisbane, Australia
Padua College, Melbourne, Australia
Padua Franciscan High School, Parma, Ohio, USA
Padua Academy, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
Padua, Chouddagram, Comilla District, Bangladesh |
4019492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marknesse | Marknesse | Marknesse is a village in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, and lies about east of Emmeloord.
History
Marknesse was first mentioned in 1950 as Marknesse, and is a combination of border land and headland. It has been named after a flooded village near Urk.
The village was founded in 1946 as B. In 1943, temporary barracks were built to polder the Noordoostpolder. The plan of the village by was approved in 1949. The village has a green central axis with the Dutch Reformed Church in one corner and the Reformed Church on the other side, and the flanks contain shops. Most of the houses are oriented north–south.
After the merger of the two Reformed Churches into the Protestant Church, it was decided to demolish the Dutch Reformed church and replace it with a five-story apartment building. One of the original wooden barracks is still present. It was supposed to be transformed into residential houses, but is currently in use as a cultural centre.
Gallery
Climate
References
External links
Populated places in Flevoland
Noordoostpolder
1946 establishments in the Netherlands |
4019497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagele | Nagele | Nagele is a village in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, and lies about 10 km south of Emmeloord.
History
Nagele was designed by the architectural team "De 8" between 1948 and 1954. The final design by Aldo van Eyck and de 8 was shown at the CIAM 8 meeting in 1956. While the current condition of the town differs from the original design, some of the basic concepts remain.
The village was founded in 1954 after an island in the Zuiderzee which used be located between Urk and Schokland. The etymology is unknown, however a river called Nakala was recorded in 966 near Urk.
The organization of the Noordoostpolder area was based on a central nucleus with smaller towns circling around connected by roads back to the center. Nagele was proposed to be southwest of the main town, and was originally to be planned to contain 300 dwelling units, 3 churches, 3 primary schools, a post office, fire station, hotel, cafes, a clinic, cemetery, sports field, swimming pool and business zone. Aldo van Eyck proposed that the town be designed around 3 principles: 1. a non-hierarchical organization with mixed social groups, 2. a windbreak of trees to give the village a spatial character and stand out in the polder landscape, and 3. an open green center. The final design accepted by the Wieringermeer board included these ideas, which can still be seen today. The dwelling units form smaller courtyards that are shared around the outside of the main green, these clusters in turn forming the visual boundaries of the center.
Public transportation
There is no railway station in Nagele, but the nearest stations are in Kampen and Lelystad.
Gallery
References
External links
Official site (in Dutch)
Populated places in Flevoland
Modernist architecture in the Netherlands
Noordoostpolder
1954 establishments in the Netherlands |
4019500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik | Jobbik | The Movement for a Better Hungary (), commonly known as Jobbik (), is a conservative political party in Hungary.
Originating with radical and nationalist roots, at its beginnings, the party described itself as "a principled, conservative and radically patriotic Christian party", whose "fundamental purpose" is the protection of "Hungarian values and interests." In 2014, the party was described as an "anti-Semitic organization" by The Independent and a "neo-Nazi party" by the president of the European Jewish Congress. From 2015 to 2020, the party started to re-define itself as a more moderate conservative people's party and changed the controversial elements of its communication, culminating with its new declaration of principles now defining itself as a centre-right, pro-European party with some residual moderated nationalist tendencies (the position Fidesz originally occupied). According to the party's "Declaration of Principles", Jobbik will "always focus on the interests of Hungary and the Hungarian people instead of a political group or an ideology. On the other hand, [Jobbik] reject[s] hatemongering and extreme political views that are contrary to Christian values and ethics."
After the Hungarian parliamentary elections on 8 April 2018, the party polled 1,092,806 votes, securing 19.06% of the total, making it Hungary's second-largest party in the National Assembly.
Name
The Movement for a Better Hungary more commonly goes under its abbreviated name Jobbik, which is in fact a play on words. The word jobb in Hungarian has two meanings, the adjective for "better" and the direction "right". Consequently, the comparative form Jobbik means both "better choice" and "more to the right". This is somewhat similar to the English phrase "right choice", which could mean both "a choice on the right side of the political spectrum" and "a correct choice".
Platform and ideology
On 30 June 2020, Péter Jakab the president of Jobbik and Koloman Brenner member of the strategic group of the party introduced a new declaration of principles of the party, replacing its previous hardline nationalist-populist, Eurosceptic, anti-globalist, and irredentist one. The party redefined itself as a Christian, conservative, centre-right, socially sensitive people's party in the document. The document defines Jobbik as the only people's party in Hungary, and stated that "Jobbik is an independent political movement that strictly observes its own values but is willing to cooperate with other political forces to restore democracy and the rule of law in Hungary." Since its adoption of more moderate policies, Jobbik has been described as centrist, centre-right and right-wing. It also stated its support for agrarianism.
Currently, the party describes itself as a modern conservative people's party. A 28 February 2020 opinion poll by IDEA for Euronews was analyzed by leading political scientist Balázs Böcskei. He interpreted that from a former nationalist party, Jobbik has completed its transformation into a moderate people's party and its voting base has been changed, and now competes for a predominantly moderate conservative pro-EU constituency.
Since 2014, the party has not used the "radical right-wing" term to define itself, stating that it aims to represent all Hungarian people, not exclusively the right-wing of the political spectrum. According to Gábor Vona, the president of Jobbik, after 2014 the party has grown out of its "adolescence" and reached its adulthood. The party has significantly changed its views on the European Union, while in internal politics the party has started to emphasize opening towards the different groups of the Hungarian society. At the same time, Vona distanced the party from "wrong statements" that it had made in the past.
Historical
Prior to 2020, Jobbik was described by media and academics as right-wing and far-right. Earlier, the party often defined itself as "a principled, conservative and radically patriotic Christian party", whose "fundamental purpose" was the protection of "Hungarian values and interests". Since then, Jobbik has implemented major changes in its program and policies, due to its growing popularity and broadening supporter groups. Earlier Jobbik's ideology has been described by political scholars as right-wing populist, whose strategy "relies on a combination of ethno-nationalism with anti-elitist populist rhetoric and a radical critique of existing political institutions". For its part, Jobbik rejected the common classification of the political spectrum in left and right, and has been described as a catch-all party. The party sees itself as patriotic. The party has always rejected the term 'far-right', and instead labeled itself as 'radical right-wing'. It has also criticised media companies for labelling them as 'far-right' and has threatened to take action towards those who do. In 2014, the Supreme Court of Hungary ruled that Jobbik cannot be labeled "far-right" in any domestic radio or television transmissions, as this would constitute an opinion because Jobbik has refused the 'far-right' label. It also supported socially conservative and nationalist positions.
At its beginnings, Jobbik described itself as rejecting "global capitalism" and the European Union, because they felt disappointed with the conditions of the Hungarian EU accession. While the party previously also opposed Zionism, the party's leader, Gábor Vona, stated in February 2017 that he has "never questioned Israel's existence" and that the party supports a two-state solution to the Israel-Palestine conflict. In July 2018, the party also voted in the European Parliament in favour of greater security coordination with Israel. At some level the party adhered to Pan-Turanism, an ideology that asserts that Hungarians originate from the Ural–Altaic race, and supported Hungarian irredentism. Consequently, the party strongly supports closer ties with Turkey, with Vona criticizing the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt and praising Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as a "very strong leader".
Jobbik, according to recent remarks from the party, no longer regards ideological issues as a primary goal, but instead focuses on the elimination of social tensions and controversies as well as on the fight against the growing corruption in the public sphere and administration.
Modern conservatism
In the summer of 2016 Gábor Vona, the president of Jobbik, declared a new style of politics, called "modern conservatism" with the aim of moving beyond pointless debates between the right- and the left-wing and to fostering cooperation among Hungarians with different political backgrounds. According to Vona, the goal of "modern conservatism" is, to build a society that can, by its proactivity, be a basis for a more democratic political functioning. As a historical precedent, he referred to the ideals of István Széchenyi, who is considered one of the greatest statesmen of Hungarian history.
Relation to the European Union
Upon its formation, Jobbik had a strongly critical stance towards the European Union. The party regarded the accession of Hungary as a failure, and saw the EU as an organization that did not serve the interests of Hungarians. However, even in this period, the party did not refuse the idea of a radically reformed European confederation. After Brexit and the continuous debates on the future of the European Union, the party has reassessed its views on the EU and started to emphasize that by adequate policies and some EU reforms, the organization could be made advantageous for European nations. According to Jobbik, Hungary should join the Eurozone as soon as possible since it is a not a political but an economic question. At his press conference on 27 October 2017, the president of the party, Gábor Vona, said that if some conditions were fulfilled Jobbik could even support further deepening of the EU.
In December 2018, Jobbik presented its 2019 European Parliament election program, in which the party highlighted three topics of key importance: European cohesion, joint European solution on migration issues and centralized European action against fake news. According to the published program, Jobbik stands for Hungarian membership of the EU and advocates for a just union based on the principle of solidarity laid out by Robert Schuman and Konrad Adenauer.
Wage Union
Jobbik sees economic convergence and a pan-European wage union as important goals. Thus, a key element of the party's EU policy is the economic development of the eastern member states of the EU, thereby reducing the economic differences between East and West. The party believes that lack of development has led to corruption, and that both the EU and the governments of Central and Eastern Europe have turned a blind eye to the problem. Therefore, Jobbik played a leading role in the formation of the Wage Union European Citizens' Initiative, that started its work on 14 March 2017 with the participation of representatives from 8 Central European countries.
Economy
At its beginnings, Jobbik rejected globalised capitalism and the influence of foreign investors in Hungary. In the past, Jobbik has specifically opposed aggressive Israeli investment in Hungary and what it termed a selling-out of the country. On 4 May 2013, protesting against the World Jewish Congress's choice to locate their 2013 congress in Budapest, party chairman Gábor Vona said, "The Israeli conquerors, these investors, should look for another country in the world for themselves because Hungary is not for sale". This was in response to a highly-controversial speech by the Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres. On 10 October 2007, Peres said that "from such a small country as ours it is almost amazing, that we are buying up Manhattan, Hungary, Romania and Poland". This statement created a heated debate in Hungary and Israel was obliged to explain the controversial words several times.
According to the party's 2017 Manifesto, an innovative economic policy should be followed, whose goal is to find opportunities in the global economy. An increasingly-important point of Jobbik's economic policy is the creation of a more-competitive national economy that is able to provide higher wages. The party aims to support SMEs and a balanced development with multinational companies.
Public order
The party argued on its formation that the national police should be greatly strengthened and, along with the Fidesz, supports introducing a "three strikes law". However, political rivals of Jobbik claim that its connections with the Magyar Gárda militia (which is now banned) cast doubt on the party's commitment to peace and order in Hungarian society, and even within party ranks.
Jobbik have previously promised to restore the death penalty if they come to power.
Minority rights and demands for territorial autonomy for Hungarians outside of Hungary
Jobbik strongly promotes the welfare of the large Hungarian populations living outside Hungary as ethnic minorities. The party demands minority rights for these groups in accordance with Western European standards. Along with almost all current Hungarian political parties, Jobbik demands the reestablishment of "territorial autonomy" in the Székely Land of Romania, and desires to make Carpathian Ruthenia an independent Hungarian district on the model of South Tyrol. Jobbik is frequently accused of agitating for a return to pre-Treaty-of-Trianon borders. However, Jobbik has never suggested changing borders by force, and believes that the ultimate solution is territorial and cultural autonomy within a European Union framework of minority rights.
One fourth of ethnic Hungarians live outside the country. Many suffer discrimination because of their ethnicity, causing frequent diplomatic disputes between Hungary and its neighbors. Jobbik dedicates itself to supporting the cause of Hungarian minorities in adjoining countries, vocally defending their schools, churches and cultural values.
The party's 2009 election slogan "Hungary belongs to the Hungarians" (Magyarország a Magyaroké!) attracted much scrutiny. While some critics dismissed the slogan as a tautology, others considered it a call to bigotry and complained to the National Electoral Commission, which ruled it "unconstitutional" on the eve of the election.
On 11 March 2014, in response to a demonstration in Târgu Mureș, the Romanian president Traian Băsescu publicly called for a ban on Jobbik members from entering Romania.
Besides defending the rights of ethnic Hungarians living abroad, Jobbik actively supports the cultural autonomy and language rights of the autochthonous ethnic minorities living in Hungary.
The party has a pragmatic stance on cooperation among the Central European nations and states and, despite historical differences, strongly supports their common action within the EU. Jobbik leaders have called for action in the framework of the Wage Union European Citizens' Initiative.
History and development
Foundation
The group was first established in 2002 as the Right-Wing Christian Youth Community (Jobboldali Ifjúsági Közösség – JOBBIK) by a group of Catholic and Protestant university students. It was founded as a political party in October 2003, by Gabor Vona, the son of a
staunchly anti-Communist farming family.. The new party elected Dávid Kovács as president, serving until 2006. A key figure was Gergely Pongrátz who, in a speech to the founding conference, invoked the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.
Around Christmas 2003, Jobbik conducted a nationwide programme of erecting crosses, to remind Hungarians of the "true meaning" of the holiday. The move was criticized by several Christian intellectual groups.
Alliances
Even though the far-right Hungarian Justice and Life Party (MIÉP) and Jobbik had publicly quarreled, the parties formed an electoral alliance for the 2006 national elections, the MIÉP–Jobbik Third Way Alliance of Parties. The alliance sought to win votes from the major conservative Fidesz party.
However, the alliance won only 2.2% of the votes, and Jobbik largely withdrew from it. In 2009 the State Audit Office (ÁSZ) reported the alliance for grave breaches of accounting rules. Jobbik blamed MIÉP alone for the irregularities.
Jobbik fought the 2010 and 2014 general elections without political allies. Recently, some left-wing intellectuals suggested a coalition between the left-liberal parties and Jobbik to challenge the Fidesz government; however Jobbik rejected the idea to cooperate with parties which they call "20th century powers". Nevertheless, Gábor Vona said in an interview that "We will need several bridges ... to voters on the left, not to parties on the left. Jobbik offers a message, a program both to former leftist and former rightist voters."
Magyar Gárda and conflicts in the party
During the 2000s, public order was a key topic in Hungarian political life; especially after the 2006 lynching of a Hungarian teacher by Roma people in the Eastern Hungarian village of Olaszliszka. The case turned public attention to the failure of Roma integration and the inability of the Hungarian police to maintain law and order in the Hungarian countryside. The idea of setting up a "national guard", similar to the National Guard of the United States, became popular among the conservative political parties of Hungary.
In June 2007, Gábor Vona - supported by the party - founded and registered an organisation called Magyar Gárda ("Hungarian Guard"). Its deed of foundation declared that it intended to become "part or core" of a national guard, to be set up in accordance with the Gabriel Bethlen programme, and to participate actively "in strengthening national self-defence" and "maintaining public order". Additional goals included supporting and organising social and charity missions, disaster prevention and civil defence. The foundation of the Guard caused fierce political debate.
On 10 March 2008, three leading figures resigned from the party: founding president Dávid Kovács, committee chairman Ervin Nagy, and former ethics committee chairman Márton Fári. They named the Hungarian Guard as the cause of their resignation, stating that "Jobbik has been merged inseparably with the Guard, taking responsibility for something that it cannot really control in the long run".
On 2 July 2009 the Metropolitan Court of Appeal (Fővárosi Ítélőtábla) disbanded the Hungarian Guard Movement because the court held that its activities attacked the human rights of minorities guaranteed by the Constitution of Hungary. The Guard has attempted to reorganize itself as a civil service association, the Magyar Gárda Foundation, engaged in cultural and nation building activities rather than politics. Its renewed activities are opposed by the Hungarian authorities and prosecutors claim that the founding of the new organization is in contempt of previous court rulings.
After several schisms, the organization has largely ceased activity. On January 28, 2017, some radical members of the Magyar Gárda held a demonstration against Gábor Vona outside Jobbik's year-opening event. Participants denounced the new politics of Jobbik as a betrayal of the right wing.
Moderating the party
Before the 2014 parliamentary elections, Jobbik began a new policy: the so-called néppártosodás (transition to a people's party). The party adopted a new style of communication while reversing many radical elements of its earlier program. Jobbik leaders declared that it has turned from a radical right-wing party into a moderate conservative people's party. President Gábor Vona, in an interview, promised to "cut the wildlings" - the one-time radicals.
In 2016, the party pursued its strategy of de-demonization by abandoning parts of its original ideology and excluding certain extremist elements. The aim was to make its image more respectable and present a credible opposition to the conservative government of Viktor Orbán. Despite Jobbik's pledges, particularly to the Jewish community in Hungary, many left-wing intellectuals and political figures say they want to keep their distance from an organization deemed as undemocratic. Others, on the other hand - including philosopher Ágnes Heller - consider it necessary to ally with all opposition parties, including Jobbik, to defeat Orbán's Fidesz. Heller says that Jobbik has never been a neo-Nazi party, although she described them as far-right and racist. At the local level, however, implicit alliances were formed between left-wing parties and Jobbik in partial municipal elections to defeat the ruling-government party.
Although the party was commonly described as far-right by observers and in the international press, from the mid-2010s it became more difficult to classify Jobbik in those terms because of its policy changes and Fidesz's increasingly right-wing rhetoric.
Support for Jobbik is particularly strong among young people. Since 2014, the party has consciously tried to attract young people who are disappointed with other political parties. An international survey, conducted in 2016, found that 53 percent of Hungarians aged between 18 and 35 years would vote for Jobbik. However, Jobbik's strategy - moving away from its far-right roots and staking out a more centrist position - has resulted in the emergence of more radical dissident formations, like the new party Force and Determination and Our Homeland Movement.
Crisis after 2018 and cooperation with other opposition parties
Prior to the 2018 parliamentary election, Gábor Vona promised that he would resign if he could not lead the party to victory. True to his word, he resigned after the results were announced. Despite rumors that Jobbik would change its policies, the National Board of the party unanimously decided in favor of the moderate, conservative policies. On 12 May 2018 the party elected Tamás Sneider as the president and Márton Gyöngyösi as the executive vice-president of the party. The Hungarian press saw this as a victory for the moderate wing. Tamás Sneider announced that he wanted to build a socially conscious party, based on the teachings of Christianity.
Sneider's rival for the leadership of the party, László Toroczkai, received 46.2% of the votes. He threatened to split the party unless it returned to its original policies. His platform included an end to immigration, stemming emigration of Hungarian youth to the wealthier west of the EU, a tough line on Hungary's Roma minority, and support for ethnic Hungarian minorities in neighboring states. When his proposals were rejected, Toroczkai formed a new party with Dóra Dúró: Our Homeland Movement.
On November 7, 2018, László Toroczkai announced that three former Jobbik politicians - István Apáti, Erik Fülöp and János Volner - had joined Our Homeland Movement.
In 2019, he reorganized the Magyar Gárda and made it part of the Our Homeland Movement.
On December 12, 2018, the Hungarian Parliament adopted an amendment to the Overtime Act (Often called "Slave Law" by the opposition) on a scandalous session. On this day, representatives of Jobbik, MSZP, LMP, DK and Dialogue in the National Assembly disrupted the legislation by hesitating, shouting, broadcasting and preventing the presidential pulpit from obstructing the vote. Following the parliamentary meeting, mass protests began all over the country, where Jobbik is participating together with the other opposition parties. Following the demonstrations, left-wing politicians, including the President of the Hungarian Socialist Party Bertalan Tóth, suggested that opposition parties, including Jobbik, should run on a common list at the European Parliament elections.
Jobbik participated in the 2019 European Parliament election as a separate list. In these elections the party lost more than half of its support. These elections likely further motivated the party to collaborate with other groupings in the opposition. In the 2019 local elections the party in most parts of Hungary joined common lists with MSZP, DK, Dialogue and Momentum (in some cases, with local parties as well). Due to this, Jobbik candidates (who stood as independents) managed to win mayorships in Eger and Dunaújváros or more easily retained ones it held before (e.g. Törökszentmiklós).
On 25 January 2020, Péter Jakab was elected president of the party. He received more than 87 percent of the votes.
During the 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election Jobbik participated in the opposition alliance United for Hungary. Viktor Orbán's Fidesz won the election, acquiring two-thirds majority in the parliament again. Some analysts claimed that the majority of Jobbik voters turned out for Fidesz or Our Homeland Movement instead of the united opposition. Prime minister candidate of the alliance, Péter Márki-Zay shared this assessment, admitting that the united opposition may have lost up to "two thirds" of Jobbik voters.
By the summer of the same year, MEP Márton Gyöngyösi won leadership contest.
International relations
Jobbik was a founding member of the Alliance of European National Movements, alongside the French National Front, Italy's Tricolour Flame, the British National Party, the Swedish National Democrats, the Finnish Blue and White Front, the Portuguese National Renovator Party, and the Spanish Republican Social Movement. Its membership ended in February 2016 when Jobbik cut its affiliation with AENM.
, Jobbik had ties to the Conservative People's Party of Estonia, the Bulgarian United Patriots, the Latvian National Alliance, the Polish National Movement, the Indian Bharatiya Janata Party, the Russian Rodina, and the Turkish Nationalist Movement Party, although these connections began tapering off as the party moderated its platform and far-right factions began to split off.
Jobbik has proposed joining the European People's Party, but was rejected in August 2018.
Controversy
During its period as a far-right party, Jobbik strenuously denied allegations of antisemitism or racism, saying that the allegations were either politically motivated, or simply false. It also dismissed the criticism of perceived antisemitism, racism, and homophobia as the "favourite topics" of its political opponents. Even so, the movement was accused of playing on those fears.
Comments by members
On the eve of the 2009 elections to the European parliament, a comment was posted on a Hungarian political internet forum, allegedly in the name of Krisztina Morvai, who then headed the party's electoral list. Addressing their remarks to Hungarian Jews, the comment poster stated that they "would be glad if the so-called proud Hungarian Jews went back to playing with their tiny circumcised dicks instead of vilifying me." News of this comment, which was roundly condemned, spread rapidly around the world and eventually even featured in an article in The Economist. Morvai's critics pointed to her refusal to even discuss the issue, let alone deny it, implying that this was sufficient to ascribe authorship of the remarks to her.
Her supporters, however, claimed that though she certainly had a record of being critical of the state of Israel given a sympathy for the Palestinian cause she developed while working as an international human rights lawyer, the idea of Morvai being an antisemite was "simply ridiculous", given that at the time of her alleged remarks she was married to a Hungarian of Jewish origin, with whom she had three children.
In a newsletter published by a group calling itself "The trade union of Hungarian police officers prepared for action", the following was allegedly printed: "Given our current situation, anti-Semitism is not just our right, but it is the duty of every Hungarian homeland lover, and we must prepare for armed battle against the Jews." The editor of the union, Judit Szima, was a Jobbik candidate in the upcoming election for the European Union parliament. Haaretz alleged that Szima "didn't see anything wrong with the content of the article." Cooperation between Jobbik and the trade union led by Szima was dismantled in 2010 and since then there has been no affiliation between them.
During spring 2012, Jobbik representative in Hungarian parliament Zsolt Baráth caused an outrage by commemorating 1882 blood libel against the Jews in Parliament. The Tiszaeszlár blood libel, found later to be unrelated to Jews, was known as the first major anti-Jewish event in modern Hungary, predating the Holocaust. Baráth's speech caused controversy among Jobbik MPs: some – despite finding it inappropriate and uncalled-for – stated that in a mature democracy there should not be taboo topics, while leaders of the Jobbik Parliamentary Group told the media that they had evaluated the speech and learnt the lesson that they should care more about what their MPs say. After the incident, Baráth was not re-elected and is no longer an MP of Jobbik.
In November 2012, while evaluating the latest news on the controversial Israeli military action in the Gaza strip, the party's deputy parliamentary leader, Márton Gyöngyösi, stated in his speech in the Parliament: "I think such a conflict makes it timely to tally up people of Jewish ancestry who live here, especially in the Hungarian Parliament and the Hungarian government, who, indeed, pose a national security risk to Hungary." Gyöngyösi admitted immediately after his speech that he had composed his sentence wrongly, and that he meant to refer to MPs with Israeli-Hungarian double citizenship, not to Jewish people. At the same time, Gyöngyösi offered an apology. As Al Jazeera reported, the incident led to "international condemnation of Nazi-style policies and a protest outside the legislature in Budapest. Around ten thousand Hungarians in Budapest protested against Gyöngyösi's antisemitic remarks. All major Hungarian political parties took part in the protest. At the protest, Attila Mesterházy, the leader of the successor of the state party of the communist era, the Hungarian Socialist Party, described Jobbik as a "fascist possessions virus", while 5th district of Budapest mayor Antal Rogán, representing the governing Fidesz party, described Jobbik as "evil". Jewish organizations responded to Gyöngyösi's speech by describing it as a reintroduction of Nazism into the Hungarian parliament and by describing Jobbik as a Nazi party.
In 2014, Tibor Ágoston, the deputy chairman of Jobbik's Debrecen and Hajdú-Bihar County organization, referred to the Holocaust as the "holoscam". Tamás Horovitz, the chairman of the Debrecen Jewish Congregation, and the mayor of Debrecen, Lajos Kósa, condemned Ágoston's remarks. Later, Ágoston harshly criticized Gábor Vona for not supporting Előd Novák and for cutting ties with the so-called "radicals" in the party.
In 2015, deputy leader Előd Novák posted to his social media account on Facebook a picture of himself and his family next to a separate image of Rikardo Racz, the first newborn in Hungary of the year, who was born to a Romani family. In a comment on the pictures, he stated that the population of Hungarians would become a minority and suggested that the Romani population was the biggest problem facing Hungary. Novák's remarks were both condemned and supported. Novák later responded to the issue by refusing to apologize and suggesting that the family should apologize to him. Előd Novák was forced by the party's parliamentary group to resign from his position as an MP in 2016. Now, he is a vocal critic of Jobbik's new policies.
World Jewish Congress protest
On 4 May 2013, Jobbik members protested against the World Jewish Congress in Budapest, claiming that the protest was against "a Jewish attempt to buy up Hungary". Jobbik MP Enikő Hegedűs vociferously condemned both Israel and Jews at the rally as her husband, Lóránt Hegedűs Jr., stood nearby. An ordained minister in the Reformed Church in Hungary, Lóránt Hegedűs himself had served in the National Assembly as an MP of the far-right nationalist Hungarian Justice and Life Party from 1998 to 2002. He invited Holocaust denier David Irving to his Budapest church in 2007 as a "special guest", and was also accused of antisemitism on several occasions for statements he made about Jews at Jobbik events. At a 2011 rally, he claimed that Jews orchestrated World War II and controlled the international media, and a year prior alleged that the Hungarian government was secretly cooperating with Mossad to facilitate an Israeli takeover of Hungary with the assistance of Hungarian Jews and mainstream churches. After his wife's statement regarding the World Jewish Congress, the Reformed Church launched an inquiry into the minister's conduct, with presiding bishop Gusztáv Bölcskei denouncing Hegedűs's activism for Jobbik as a "permanent provocation" incompatible with scripture.
President of Jobbik Gábor Vona later stated that he had criticized Zionism as a political idea, and pointed out that he understood the Hungarian Jewish community had to survive such traumas during the 20th century that make dialogue very hard. At the same time, he emphasized that he wanted to have harmonious relations with the Hungarian Jewish community.
In 2021, Ronald S. Lauder, the leader of the World Jewish Congress, stated that some politicians who "made anti-Semitic statements in the past are still aligned with the party".
The "Hanukkah case"
In December 2016, Gábor Vona, in addition to his Christmas greetings to the nation's churches, as a gesture sent his greetings to his Jewish compatriots on the occasion of the Jewish holidays. Vona'a message raised controversy among Hungarian Jewish communities. Vona had already stated before that those, even party members, who had wanted to see Jobbik as a racist or antisemitic party had been wrong. However, Vona took responsibility for turning a blind eye in such situations earlier.
Warnings against "EU slavery" and ethnic shift in Hungary
Gábor Vona earlier said that Hungarians became slaves because the European Union had only wanted Hungary to enter the EU because of its cheap workforce. Vona also stated that "the number of Hungarians continues to fall while the gypsy population grows ever larger. This was not racism but a real social and economic problem. Anyone who doesn't understand this is not normal."
In a 2016 inverview, Vona announced that he believed the EU also had some advantages.
In a 2017 interview, Márton Gyöngyösi, deputy leader of the party's parliamentary group, pointed out that Jobbik seeks constructive reform of the European Union. In addition, Gyöngyösi also said that in order to have a more harmonized EU, maybe some national competencies, such as labor conditions and wage regulations, could be reconsidered.
Opposition to LGBT+ rights as "sexual deviancy"
Jobbik opposes the expansion of rights for LGBT people as contrary to their Christian-conservative model. The party maintains that the most important social unit is the traditional family. In April 2012, Jobbik tried to introduce a bill into the Hungarian parliament that would change the national constitution to allegedly "protect public morals and the mental health of the young generations" by banning the popularization of "sexual deviancy". The legislation was drafted by party spokesman Ádám Mirkóczki. This was to target "homosexuality, sex changes, transvestitism, bisexuality and paedophile behaviour". The proposed amendments would criminalise anyone who "popularizes their sexual relations—deviancy—with another person of the same sex, or other disturbances of sexual behaviour, before the wider public". The penalty would be three years in prison, or five years if 'popularizing' is done in front of minors. The draft legislation ultimately failed to pass. In 2021 Viktor Orban's Fidesz government passed a similar Law to the 2012 Jobbik one, in the form of Hungarian anti-LGBT law.
Jobbik has consistently opposed the annual Budapest Gay Pride march, on the grounds that it was “anti-Hungarian and anti-Christian.” In 2014 right-wing protestors affiliated with Jobbik and the 64 Counties movement shouted homophobic remarks and suggested that LGBT persons should be taken to the gas chambers.
Support for Miklós Horthy
Hungary continues to grapple with the interwar period and the legacy of the one-time Regent of Hungary, Miklós Horthy. Jobbik, like other right and centre-right parties in Hungary, supported a balanced view, appreciating the positive elements of the consolidation after the World War I and Trianon trauma. On 3 November 2013, Márton Gyöngyösi and other Jobbik members unveiled a bronze bust of Horthy, a nationalist admiral who served as Regent from 1920 to 1944, in front of the "Church of Homecoming" in downtown Budapest's Liberty Square, where Lóránt Hegedűs served as pastor. The ceremony drew strong public and official condemnations over the legacy of Horthy, who led Hungary into World War II in 1941 on the side of the Axis powers (which the country had officially joined the previous year). Many Hungarians thus see Horthy as a source of deep national shame and as a Nazi collaborator, complicit in the murder of half a million Hungarian Jews in the Holocaust in Hungary. Others, however, revere him as a national hero, ostensibly for guiding the country to stability in its chaotic interwar period; at the ceremony, Gyöngyösi proclaimed Horthy "the greatest Hungarian statesman of the 20th century".
Several thousand individuals — some of whom had pinned yellow Stars of David on their clothing – came out to protest against the statue, and were met by a smaller crowd of far-right protesters near the church who responded with antisemitic and racist slurs. Mayor Antal Rogán condemned Jobbik's move as a "political provocation" that would allow the "western European left-wing press" to unfairly characterise Hungary as being plagued by antisemitic extremists. Hegedűs, who had already hung a portrait of Horthy by his church's entrance well prior to the statue's installation, defended Horthy's legacy to journalists after the unveiling, calling it "unjust and historically wrong" to implicate the former leader in crimes against humanity because he was suspected, not prosecuted, at the Nuremberg trials. In light of the furore over the statue, church officials announced that they would launch another official probe into Hegedűs's political activities.
Turanism affiliation
Jobbik had been affiliated with Turanism in the past and has been criticised as a "Turanist Trojan Horse in Europe" by the European media.
In 2013, the party's former leader Gábor Vona stated that he attached great importance to Turkish PM's Hungary visit by saying "As descendants of Turks, we value this visit".
Another act of goodwill of Jobbik towards Turkey and Azerbaijan, two fundamental actors in hypothetical Turan, is that Jobbik's submission of a motion that aimed to "condemn the genocide committed by the Armenian forces in Khojaly and the Armenian aggression against Azerbaijan" to the Hungarian National Assembly as Márton Gyöngyösi, current leader of Jobbik, stated in 2011.
While he was the leader of Jobbik, Vona was hosted in four universities in Turkey to give speeches in conferences. He emphasised the common ancestry of Turks and Hungarians explicitly by stating "We believe closer relations with Turkey will only benefit Europe. We do not agree with those parties that display an anti-Turkish and anti-Islamic stance. Turkey presents us with new opportunities. Turks and Hungarians share the same roots. Both are descendents of the Huns. If we stand against the Turks we will be standing against our own roots. The Turks are our brothers" as well as the importance of cooperation with Turkey to the EU as a whole.
Electoral performance
Growth and electoral success
The party faced its first electoral test with the coming of the 2009 European parliamentary elections. The election's results shocked their opponents: with the party sending three MEPs to Strasbourg; coming close to equal in number of votes with the governing Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) while eliminating their liberal coalition partner Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ), to become the nation's third largest party.
In London on 16 May 2008, the delegation of Jobbik's Committee of Foreign Affairs met Nick Griffin, chairman of the British National Party. They discussed cooperation between the two parties, and the elections for the European Parliament. Griffin spoke at the party rally in August 2008, while former vice-president Zoltán Füzessy is presently resident in Gravesend, Kent, England.
The Alliance of European National Movements (AENM) was formed in Budapest on 24 October 2009. The alliance's founding members were Jobbik (the Alliance was established during their sixth party congress), France's National Front, UK's British National Party Italy's Tricolour Flame, Sweden's National Democrats and Belgium's National Front. Since January 2014 Béla Kovács has been its president. Since then Jobbik officially quit AENM and cut all ties with the members of the alliance.
On 12 April 2015, Jobbik's Lajos Rig defeated the Fidesz candidate in a parliamentary by-election in Veszprém County. It was the second by-election lost by Fidesz after the national 2014 elections, leaving the ruling Fidesz-KDNP coalition two short of the parliamentary supermajority (kétharmad).
On 14 March 2017 Jobbik started close cooperation with Bulgarian VMRO, Estonian Conservative People's Party and Croatian GO! as well as with trade unions, such as the Polish Solidarność 80, in the framework of the Wage Union European Citizens' Initiative.
2014 Hungarian parliamentary elections
In November 2013, the party leader Gábor Vona expressed optimism about the election saying that the party planned "no less than election victory in 2014". He argued that Jobbik candidates had been faring well in local elections and that opinion surveys had showed that Jobbik was the most popular party among voters aged under 35. The party has prepared its election programme dubbed "We'll say it, we'll solve it", which focuses on guaranteeing people a livelihood, safety and order. Vona said his party would initiate a referendum on protecting Hungarian land and on amending Hungary's European Union accession treaty.
On 26 January 2014, Vona held a rally in London where he sharply criticised the election law for preventing Hungarians living abroad from voting by mail at the parliamentary election.
Electoral results
National Assembly
European Parliament
† 2009 Seat winners:
Krisztina Morvai
Zoltán Balczó – His seat EP was taken over by Béla Kovács, when he became a member of the Hungarian Parliament in May 2010.
Csanád Szegedi – He left the party in July 2012.
† 2014 Seat winners:
Krisztina Morvai
Zoltán Balczó
Béla Kovács – He left the party in December 2017.
† 2019 Seat winner:
Márton Gyöngyösi
Mayoral, the last elections was in 2019:
Dunaújváros - Tamás Pintér (since 2019)
Eger - Ádám Mirkóczki (since 2019)
Encs - Gergely Mikola (since 2019)
Jászberény - Lóránt Budai (since 2019)
Kisherend - Zsolt Varga (since 2016)
Ózd – Dávid Janiczak (since 2014)
Szentes - Zoltán Ferenc Szabó (since 2019)
Tapolca – Zoltán Dobó (since 2014)
History of leaders
Membership
Literature
References
External links
Official website (Hungarian)
Official website (English)
Changing of the Garda An article in The Economist about the Hungarian far right
Deed of Foundation (Hungarian)
"Third way" platform: The nationalist right gets together (HVG)
2003 establishments in Hungary
Hungarian nationalism
Nationalist parties in Hungary
Parties represented in the European Parliament
Political parties established in 2003
Right-wing populism in Hungary
Hungarian Turanism
Social conservative parties
Right-wing populist parties
National conservative parties
Right-wing parties in Europe
Centre-right parties in Europe
Anti-corruption parties
Christian political parties in Hungary
Conservative parties in Hungary
Pro-European political parties in Hungary |
4019505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutten | Rutten | Rutten may refer to:
Places
Rutten, Belgium, a village in Belgium, noted as the location of the Hamal Castle
Rutten, Netherlands, a town in Noordoostpolder, Flevoland, Netherlands
People with the surname
Bas Rutten (born 1965), Dutch mixed martial artist and kickboxer
Ben Rutten (born 1983), Australian rules footballer
Fred Rutten (born 1962), Dutch football player and coach
(1902–1982), Dutch movie director
Gwendolyn Rutten (born 1975), Belgian politician
Louis Rutten (1884–1946), Dutch geologist
Marguerite Rutten (1898-1984), French archaeologist and Assyriologist
Martin Rutten (1876–1944), Belgian civil servant
Martin Gerard Rutten (1910–1970), Dutch geologist and biologist, son of Louis
Martin-Hubert Rutten (1841–1927), Belgian bishop
Peter Johannes Rutten (1864–1953), Dutch politician
(born 1963), Belgian actor
Theo Rutten (1899–1980), Dutch politician
See also
Rutte (disambiguation)
Dutch-language surnames
Patronymic surnames |
4019509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Hae-woon | Kim Hae-woon | Kim Hae-Woon (born December 25, 1973) is a South Korean former football goalkeeper and currently goalkeeper coach of Henan Construction.
Career
Kim has represented South Korea at youth level but, although part of the senior team squads (e.g. he was the third choice goalkeeper for the 2003 East Asian Cup) he never went on to play a match for them.
In 1996, he made his debut for Ilhwa Chunma (then based in Cheonan and known as Cheonan Ilhwa Chunma). Before the start of the 2000 season, Kim, together with the
entire club moved to Seongnam. The move was highly successful and the club
(now known as Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma) took over from Suwon Samsung Bluewings as the dominant force in Korean soccer.
By the end of the 2007 season, Kim had played 197 times for the Ilhwa Chunma franchise and in that time conceded 212 goals.
On 23 May 2009, he announced his retirement.
He was appointed as the U-18 team goalkeeper coach of Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors on 3 March 2010.
Club career statistics
Honours
Club
Seongnam FC
K League 1 (4) : 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006
Korean FA Cup (1) : 1999
K-League Cup (2) : 2002, 2004
Korean Super Cup (1) : 2002
AFC Champions League Runners-up (2) : 1996–97, 2004
Asian Super Cup (1): 1996
A3 Champions Cup (1): 2004
Afro-Asian Club Championship (1) : 1996
International
EAFF East Asian Cup (1) : 2003
External links
K-League Player Record
FIFA Player Statistics
1973 births
Living people
Association football goalkeepers
South Korean footballers
Seongnam FC players
K League 1 players
2000 AFC Asian Cup players
Sportspeople from Incheon |
4019514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne%20A.%20Johnston | Wayne A. Johnston | Wayne A. Johnston (November 19, 1897 - December 1967) was president of Illinois Central Railroad (IC) from 1945 to 1966. When he stepped down from the presidency of the railroad, he was named Chairman of the Board for IC, a position he held for a year. In 1967, he was also named president of the University of Illinois Board of Trustees, of which he had been a member since 1951 (having won election to the board in 1950 ,1956, and 1962.
Background
In 1949, Johnston served as the Treasurer for the Chicago Railroad Fair.
From April 1949 until September 2009, Illinois Central's classification yard in Memphis, Tennessee was named after him. Johnston Yard was reconfigured and modernized in September 2009 and renamed Harrison Yard after CN CEO E. Hunter Harrison, who would retire at the end of the year.
Further reading
References
1897 births
1967 deaths
20th-century American railroad executives
Illinois Central Railroad people
Leaders of the University of Illinois
20th-century American businesspeople |
4019515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyravallen | Eyravallen | Eyravallen, currently known as Behrn Arena for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Örebro, Sweden and home stadium for Örebro SK in Swedish top flight Allsvenskan. The stadium holds 12,645 people and was built in 1923. The stadium has been developed during the last couple of years.
The attendance record at the arena was against the local rival of Degerfors IF having 20,066 people watching the game 8 June 1961, and the record in the modern-day arena is 12,523 being during the game against Hammarby IF, on 13 May 2018.
The stadium's grass is astroturf since 2003, and Örebro was the first top-flight club in Sweden to have that playing surface. This was in part due to the harsher winters in Örebro compared to coastal and further southern areas.
Football club KIF Örebro and American football club Örebro Black Knights also became tenants of the stadium.
Stands
North stand built 2003. 4,000 seats + a gondol stand with 250 seats, all under roof.
Two restaurants, one pub and several business stores.
South stand built 1974. 3,000 seats under roof.
West stand built 2007. 4,350 standing people.
East stand built 2009 is a mixed standing and seating stand, with 1,600 for standing and 1,300 seats.
References
Football venues in Sweden
Sport in Örebro
1958 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Multi-purpose stadiums in Sweden
Örebro SK
Buildings and structures in Örebro
1923 establishments in Sweden
Sports venues completed in 1923
American football venues in Sweden |
4019548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunavallen | Tunavallen | Tunavallen is a multi-use stadium in Eskilstuna, Sweden. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 7,800 seated spectators.
The original stadium was one of the venues for the 1958 FIFA World Cup. It was also the venue for the replay of the Swedish bandy final in 1954. The capacity was 22,000 spectators.
In 2002 a new arena was built. This is the home ground for the football teams AFC Eskilstuna and Eskilstuna City FK.
References
Football venues in Sweden
Bandy venues in Sweden
1958 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Sport in Eskilstuna
Speed skating venues in Sweden
Swedish Bandy Final venues
Eskilstuna City FK
Sports venues completed in 1924
1924 establishments in Sweden |
4019573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jensen%E2%80%93Shannon%20divergence | Jensen–Shannon divergence | In probability theory and statistics, the Jensen–Shannon divergence is a method of measuring the similarity between two probability distributions. It is also known as information radius (IRad) or total divergence to the average. It is based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence, with some notable (and useful) differences, including that it is symmetric and it always has a finite value. The square root of the Jensen–Shannon divergence is a metric often referred to as Jensen–Shannon distance.
Definition
Consider the set of probability distributions where is a set provided with some σ-algebra of measurable subsets. In particular we can take to be a finite or countable set with all subsets being measurable.
The Jensen–Shannon divergence (JSD) is a symmetrized and smoothed version of the Kullback–Leibler divergence . It is defined by
where .
For example, given two coin-toss distributions with probability of heads being , then
where we use the logit function, defined as .
The geometric Jensen–Shannon divergence (or G-Jensen–Shannon divergence) yields a closed-form formula for divergence between two Gaussian distributions by taking the geometric mean.
A more general definition, allowing for the comparison of more than two probability distributions, is:
where
and are weights that are selected for the probability distributions , and is the Shannon entropy for distribution . For the two-distribution case described above,
Hence, for those distributions
Bounds
The Jensen–Shannon divergence is bounded by 1 for two probability distributions, given that one uses the base 2 logarithm.
With this normalization, it is a lower bound on the total variation distance between P and Q:
With base-e logarithm, which is commonly used in statistical thermodynamics, the upper bound is . In general, the bound in base b is :
A more general bound, the Jensen–Shannon divergence is bounded by for more than two probability distributions.
Relation to mutual information
The Jensen–Shannon divergence is the mutual information between a random variable associated to a mixture distribution between and and the binary indicator variable that is used to switch between and to produce the mixture. Let be some abstract function on the underlying set of events that discriminates well between events, and choose the value of according to if and according to if , where is equiprobable. That is, we are choosing according to the probability measure , and its distribution is the mixture distribution. We compute
It follows from the above result that the Jensen–Shannon divergence is bounded by 0 and 1 because mutual information is non-negative and bounded by in base 2 logarithm.
One can apply the same principle to a joint distribution and the product of its two marginal distribution (in analogy to Kullback–Leibler divergence and mutual information) and to measure how reliably one can decide if a given response comes from the joint distribution or the product distribution—subject to the assumption that these are the only two possibilities.
Quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence
The generalization of probability distributions on density matrices allows to define quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence (QJSD). It is defined for a set of density matrices and a probability distribution as
where is the von Neumann entropy of . This quantity was introduced in quantum information theory, where it is called the Holevo information: it gives the upper bound for amount of classical information encoded by the quantum states under the prior distribution (see Holevo's theorem). Quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence for and two density matrices is a symmetric function, everywhere defined, bounded and equal to zero only if two density matrices are the same. It is a square of a metric for pure states, and it was recently shown that this metric property holds for mixed states as well. The Bures metric is closely related to the quantum JS divergence; it is the quantum analog of the Fisher information metric.
Jensen–Shannon centroid
The centroid C* of a finite set of probability distributions can
be defined as the minimizer of the average sum of the Jensen-Shannon divergences between a probability distribution and the prescribed set of distributions:
An efficient algorithm (CCCP) based on difference of convex functions is reported to calculate the Jensen-Shannon centroid of a set of discrete distributions (histograms).
Applications
The Jensen–Shannon divergence has been applied in bioinformatics and genome comparison, in protein surface comparison, in the social sciences, in the quantitative study of history,, fire experiments and in machine learning.
Notes
External links
Ruby gem for calculating JS divergence
Python code for calculating JS divergence
THOTH: a python package for the efficient estimation of information-theoretic quantities from empirical data
statcomp R library for calculating complexity measures including Jensen-Shannon Divergence
Statistical distance |
4019580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral%20giant%20interneuron | Lateral giant interneuron | The lateral giant interneuron (LG) is an interneuron in the abdominal nerve cord of crayfish, lobsters, shrimp of the order Decapoda and their relatives in the crustacean class Malacostraca. It is part of the system that controls a special kind of escape reflex of these organisms known as the "caridoid escape reaction."
When the sensory hairs of the tail fan of crayfish are stimulated, the LG activates the motor neurons that control flexion movements of the abdomen in a way that propels the crayfish away from the source of the stimulation. The LG bypasses the main neural system that controls locomotion, thus shortening the reaction time.
The lateral giant connection to motor giant fast flexor neurons was the first known example of an electrical synapse .
See also
Mauthner cell
Medial giant interneuron
Squid giant axon
References
Neurons
Crayfish |
4019582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimnersvallen | Rimnersvallen | Rimnersvallen is a multi-use stadium in Uddevalla, Sweden. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 10,605 people.
The ground was opened on 5 May 1923 and was then rebuilt for the 1958 World Cup for which the stadium hosted two games. One of the World Cup matches played at Rimnersvallen was between Brazil and Austria. That game ended 3–0 to Brazil and was watched by 17,778 spectators, which remains the all-time attendance record for the venue.
Rimnersvallen is currently the home venue for IK Oddevold who play in Division 1 Södra.
Footnotes
External links
Rimnersvallen - Nordic Stadiums
Football venues in Sweden
1958 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Buildings and structures in Uddevalla
Sport in Uddevalla
Sports venues completed in 1923
1923 establishments in Sweden |
4019583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt%20Wiehler | Zygmunt Wiehler | Zygmunt Wiehler (10 February 1890, Kraków, Austria-Hungary –26 December 1977, Warsaw) was a Polish popular and film music composer and director.
Wiehler attended the Music Conservatory in Kraków. From 1907 he was connected professionally to many theaters in the country, and in the 1920s and 1930s, he was a musical manager and director in Warsaw cabarets ("Wodewil", "Qui pro quo", "Banda", "Perskie Oko", "Morskie Oko", "Ananas", "Wielka Rewia", "Cyganeria"). He prepared music to be presented under the theatrical director Leon Schiller. During 1935-39 he was the musical manager of Feliks Parnell's Ballet. At the dance festival during the 1936 Olympics in Berlin he shared in a medal for the Parnell Ballet. At the start of the occupation (1939–40) he played piano in Warsaw cafés, then (1940–44) directed in public theaters. After the war, he divided his time between Łódź and Warsaw theaters. At the end of the 1950s he turned to his own composing. He wrote nearly a thousand songs, of which many became hits.
He is buried in Powązki Cemetery (Section 287-VI-9/10).
Film music
Profesor Wilczur
Ada! To nie wypada! (1936)
Książątko
Ulan ksiecia Józefa (1938)
The Three Hearts (1939)
Złota maska (1940)
W chłopskie ręce (1946)
Harmonia (1947)
Sprawa do załatwienia (1953)
Operetta
Gwiazda Kaukazu
Niebieski ptak
Ballet music
Dożynki, Lajkonik
Umarł Maciek umarł
Wesele łowickie
Other music
Tomasz, skąd ty to masz
Niebieski walc
Maleńki znak
External links
Post-war film work in Polish.
Interia entry in Polish.
Polish composers
Polish film score composers
Male film score composers
Burials at Powązki Cemetery
1890 births
1977 deaths
20th-century composers
20th-century male musicians |
4019584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langhorne%20Creek | Langhorne Creek | Langhorne Creek may refer to:
Langhorne Creek, South Australia
Langhorne Creek wine region |
4019601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YFriday | YFriday | YFriday were a British Christian rock and worship band from Newcastle upon Tyne. From their beginning in 1994 until they split in 2010, they gained popularity amongst Christian music fans around the world, particularly in the United Kingdom. In 2010, YFriday announced that they were commencing their final months before disbanding later in the same year, after releasing a number of successful albums.
History
The group was formed in 1994, originally as the house band for a monthly evangelistic outreach event run by Youth for Christ called WhyFriday?. The WhyFriday? outreach programme initially had a regular attendance of about 50–60 young people, but this steadily grew and the event, later called IXth Hour, was held at the Newcastle City Hall for a number of years. At its peak, IXth Hour had around 800 attendees each month and the band still performed there regularly until their split.
Following the 1999 release of the Rainmaker album, the band were approached by Kingsway with an offer of a 3-year recording contract. Bassist Danny Smith joined the band in 2001, in time for the Open album. It was at this time that the band members made the decision to leave their jobs to work together full-time. They also released an EP in 2003.
From 2007 until 2010, the band supported the event Chesterfest, playing a number of gigs and performing at their "Funday on a Sunday". In February 2010, YFriday also performed alongside the worship team from Abundant Life Church, Blush and Kev Whitmore at the "Heart for Haiti" concert supporting the NXT ministries projects in Port-au-Prince after the January 2010 earthquake.
The band played at the first Big Church Day out in 2009.
YFriday played their final concert as a band in a sold out Newcastle City Hall on 31 October 2010.
Band members
Band membership has changed slightly since the original formation.
Ken Riley
Riley was the lead singer and guitarist of YFriday. He is a prolific songwriter and has collaborated with a number of other Christian songwriters including Matt Redman, Martin Smith (Delirious?) and Tim Hughes. His most globally recognised song "Everlasting God", co-written with Brenton Brown, received an ASCAP Award in 2008 and was nominated for a Dove Award.
He co-produced the YFriday album, Great and Glorious, with Sam Gibson (Crowded House, Hillsong United) and, in 2010, produced the album Supreme for the band The Steels, following their signing to Kingsway/EMI.
Riley is married to Amanda and has three children. After leaving the band he was appointed Director of Worship at City Church Newcastle and, in 2013, released his first solo EP, Wondrous Things.
Dez Minto
Minto, the band's drummer, also founded Broadwater Studios, a recording studio in Gateshead, and Minto Music, an audio-visual and lighting hire company with bases in Gateshead and Exeter. He is married to Rachael and is a father of two. After the band split, the family relocated to Devon where he is the Worship Leader at Rediscover Church (an Elim Pentecostal Church).
Danny Smith
Smith joined the band as bassist in 2001 as they signed their first professional record contract. A member of an Anglican church in South Tyneside, where he is part of the worship band and helps with the youth work, Smith also teaches guitar. Smith married Ruth. They have two children.
Gav Richards
Keyboards and second guitar player and backing vocalist, Richards was born and grew up in Hartlepool. He is part of the worship and production teams at Hillsong Church's Newcastle campus. After the band split, he worked as a sound engineer and producer for Broadwater Studios. He is now married.
Discography
Albums
Rainmaker (June 1999)
Open (2001)
Revolution (September 2003)
Universal (April 2006)
The Universal Broadcast (March 2008)
Great & Glorious (April 2009)
Everlasting God: The Best of yFriday (August 2010)
EP
Why Friday? (199?) – Very rare Audio Cassette Featuring 'Tear Down the Walls' among others.
Songs of Heaven (2003)
Gallery
References
External links
The Universal Broadcast: Live CD review
Broadwater Studios(Dez Minto's Studio)
The Last Spectacular (Gav Richards New Band)
Elim Pentecostal Church UK
English Christian rock groups
Musical groups established in 1994 |
4019607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Hawkins | Ben Hawkins | Ben Hawkins may refer to:
Benjamin Hawkins (1754–1818), U.S. statesman
Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins (1807–1894), English sculptor and natural history artist
Ben Hawkins (Carnivàle), the protagonist in Carnivàle
Ben Hawkins (American football) (1944–2017), American football player |
4019610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Carlos%20Dittborn | Estadio Carlos Dittborn | Estadio Carlos Dittborn (Carlos Dittborn Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Arica, Chile. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium currently holds 9,746 people and was built in 1962 as a venue for the 1962 World Cup, which was hosted by Chile. It was named in honor of Carlos Dittborn, the president of the Chilean Organization Committee for the World Cup, who died one month prior to the start of the 1962 World Cup. It is the home stadium of San Marcos de Arica.
The stadium held the matches of Group 1 (consisting of Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Uruguay, Colombia), as well as the second round match between Chile and Soviet Union. It witnessed the only Olympic goal (scored directly from a corner kick) in world cup history (as of 2018), scored by Colombian Marcos Coll against Russian goalkeeper Lev Yashin.
References
Carlos Dittborn
Carlos Dittborn
Buildings and structures in Arica y Parinacota Region
Multi-purpose stadiums in Chile
Sport in Arica y Parinacota Region
Buildings and structures in Arica
Sports venues completed in 1962 |
4019615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivet%20cendr%C3%A9 | Olivet cendré | Olivet cendré, also called cendré d'Olivet, is a French cheese from Olivet, on the Loire river, in the Centre-Val de Loire region, France. The cheese is made from cow's milk collected during the spring, when the cows graze along the banks of the Loire, and when their milk is believed to be the most flavorful. The cheese is then aged for at least one month; but typically for three months. Traditionally, the cheese was aged in containers filled with ash made from burning the clippings of grape-vines from the vineyard. The finished cheese has 45% milkfat. Today, the cheese is still made in cylinders filled with ash, imbuing a gray skin on the cheese from the ash. Olivet cendré has an earthy scent, and is considered to have a delicate taste.
References
French cheeses
Cow's-milk cheeses |
4019617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janek%20Schaefer | Janek Schaefer | Janek Schaefer (born 1970) is a British avant-garde artist, musician, composer, and entertainer, known for performing and exhibiting his work around the world with sound and installation art. Schaefer has released 36 albums, runs Lucky Dip Disco, and his own label, audiOh! Recordings.
Life and career
Schaefer was born in England to Polish and Canadian parents.
While studying architecture at the Royal College of Art (RCA), Schaefer recorded the fragmented noises of a sound-activated dictaphone travelling overnight through the Post Office. The resulting work, "Recorded Delivery" was made for the 'Self Storage' exhibition Time Out critics choice with former postman Brian Eno, Laurie Anderson, and Artangel.
After graduating from the RCA, Schaefer invented the Tri-phonic Turntable in 1997, to create new music from discarded media, and began performing and touring live. The turntable is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the "World's Most Versatile Record Player". Schaefer has performed, lectured, and exhibited in 30 countries throughout Europe (Sonar, Tate Modern, ICA), USA & Canada (The Walker, XI, Mutek, FIMAV, Princeton), and toured across Japan and Australia including a performance at the Sydney Opera House in 2003.
His debut reverse play LP "His Masters Voices" was released in 1997 on his audiOh! Recordings label. His first studio CD Above Buildings (2000) was released on Fat Cat and was CD of the week in The Guardian. He has collaborated on albums with Philip Jeck (Songs for Europe), Robert Hampson (Comae), Stephan Mathieu (Hidden Name), Charlemagne Palestine (Day of the Demons), and William Basinski (... on reflection).
Schaefer is a visiting professor in sound art at several universities.
In 2008, using prize money from the Paul Hamlyn Award, he set up the Lucky Dip Disco.
In 2009, the Bluecoat gallery in Liverpool mounted a retrospective exhibition of his career to date.
He lives and works in Walton-on-Thames with two children.
Awards
1991: Royal Institute of British Architects, Photography Prize for ‘Neighbours’.
1996: Royal College of Art Old Student Award portfolio prize.
2002: McKnight Composer in Residence, American Composers Forum
2004: Award of Distinction at Prix Ars Electronica, Austria, for random playing LP Skate
2008: British Composer of the Year in Sonic Art Award, for "Extended Play" (triptych for the child survivors of war and conflict).
2008: Paul Hamlyn Award for Composers prize.
2020: UK 'Best Mobile DJ' Award at the Event Entertainment Awards
References
External links
Official website
Music & Art live Archive: audiOh! Room : Janek Schaefer
foundsoundscape: ( ( ( foundsoundscape ) ) ) : created & curated by Janek Schaefer
1970 births
British sound artists
Alumni of the Royal College of Art
Living people
English composers
English people of Polish descent
English people of Canadian descent |
4019618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Sausalito | Estadio Sausalito | Estadio Sausalito (; Sausalito Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Viña del Mar, Chile.
It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of CD Everton. The stadium holds 22,360 people, was built in 1929 and completely renovated in 2015. The stadium has hosted the 1962 World Cup, two times the Copa América (1991 and 2015) and a FIFA U-17 World Cup.
The name comes from sister city Sausalito, California, who in turn renamed their main square for Viña del Mar in the 1960s.
History
It was built during Carlos Ibáñez del Campo government in 1929.
In 1960, the stadium was practically destroyed by the Valdivia earthquake, but the rapid reconstruction financed by the municipality did that the ground was chosen as one of the venues to hold the 1962 World Cup hosting all the games of the Group C as well as one during the quarterfinals and semifinals respectively.
In 1991, Sausalito returned to international football, after appearing as one of the four venues in the Copa América of that year, alongside Santiago, Valparaíso and Concepción.
In January 2004, a new electronic scoreboard was installed in the stadium as part of the requirements for hosting the Pre-Olympic Tournament of that year.
On 19 July 2012, President of Chile Sebastián Piñera announced a reshuffle to the stadium to host the 2015 Copa América and the FIFA U-17 World Cup of the same year, which started during his government and finished few days before the Copa América during Michelle Bachelet government.
In July 2022, the venue was confirmed to host the men's football tournament at the 2023 Pan American Games.
International matches
As one of the venues for the 1962 World Cup, the Estadio Sausalito hosted eight matches including the semi-final between Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. It was also one of four venues to host matches during the 1991 Copa América, and it was one of the eight venues to host matches during the 2015 Copa América.
1962 FIFA World Cup
1991 Copa América
2015 Copa América
2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup
References
External links
Sausalito
1962 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Sausalito
Copa América stadiums
Multi-purpose stadiums in Chile
Everton de Viña del Mar
Sports venues completed in 1929
Venues of the 2023 Pan and Parapan American Games |
4019628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20High%20Bridge | Battle of High Bridge | The Battle of High Bridge refers to two engagements fought on April 6, 1865 and April 7, 1865, near the end of the Appomattox Campaign of the American Civil War about northeast of Farmville, Virginia. The first battle is often the one identified as the Battle of High Bridge.
On April 6, 1865, Confederate cavalry under Major General Thomas L. Rosser fought stubbornly to secure the South Side Railroad's High Bridge and lower wagon bridge over the Appomattox River near Farmville, Virginia. A large Union Army raiding party intended to destroy the bridges to prevent the Confederate Army from crossing back to the north side of the river. Both sides had several officers killed and wounded. The Union force suffered 42 killed and wounded. The entire surviving Union force of about 800 men was captured. The Confederates suffered about 100 casualties. Union Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General) Theodore Read and Confederate Colonel Reuben B. Boston were killed. Union Colonel Francis Washburn and Confederate Colonel James Dearing (often identified as a brigadier general but his appointment was never confirmed) were mortally wounded in the engagement.
On April 7, 1865, Confederate Lieutenant General James Longstreet's rear guard attempted to burn the bridges that the Confederates had saved the day before in order to prevent Union forces from following them across. Troops of the Union II Corps fought the Confederates assigned to burn the bridges in an effort to drive off the Confederates and save the bridges. Part of the railroad bridge burned and was rendered unusable but Union forces were able to save the wagon bridge over which the II Corps crossed in pursuit of General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Failure to destroy this bridge enabled Union forces to catch up with the Confederates north of the Appomattox River at Cumberland Church north of Farmville.
Background
High Bridge, long and high, was the crossing of the South Side Railroad over the Appomattox River and its flood plain, northeast of Farmville, Virginia. A wooden bridge for wagons was located below the railroad bridge. During the retreat of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia during the Appomattox Campaign, the Confederates had moved north of the river, except for a rear guard provided by Longstreet's First Corps at Rice's Station on the southern bank. The bridges had to be protected on April 6 and then destroyed on April 7 to delay the pursuit of the Confederates by the Union Army (Army of the Potomac, Army of the James and Army of the Shenandoah) under Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant.
On April 6, Longstreet dispatched 1,200 Confederate cavalry under Major General Thomas L. Rosser to protect the bridges from Union raiders. Union Major General Edward Ord, commanding the Army of the James, sent about 900 men under Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General) Theodore Read (Ord's chief of staff) to burn the bridge. This force consisted of the 123rd Ohio Infantry and the 54th Pennsylvania Infantry, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Horace Kellogg of the 123rd Ohio, and three companies (80 troopers) of the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry under Colonel Francis Washburn. The cavalry reached the bridge before the main Confederate force, chased away some poorly armed home guards, and secured the south end of the bridge.
Battles
While Washburn prepared to set fire to the bridge, three brigades of Confederate cavalrymen arrived and conducted a dismounted attack against the Union infantry, which was waiting near the Watson farmhouse, about half mile to the south. Hearing sounds of battle, Washburn and his men rejoined the infantry, and unaware that he was facing two divisions of cavalry, Read ordered a mounted charge by the 4th Massachusetts. The ferocious charge forced through the Confederate line of Colonel Thomas T. Munford and dissolved into hand-to-hand combat. Read exchanged gunfire with Confederate James Dearing during the fighting and was killed. Dearing was mortally wounded and died on April 22. Washburn was also mortally wounded and died 22 April 1865. The Confederates counterattacked and separated the cavalry from their supporting infantry. After another attack, the Union troopers were surrounded, and all were killed, wounded, or captured. Colonel Reuben B. Boston of the 5th Virginia Cavalry was killed in the attack. Both Read and Washburn received ranks of Brevet Brigadier General.
The survivors of the Confederate Second Corps, under Major General John B. Gordon, escaped from their defeat at the Battle of Sailor's Creek and crossed the High Bridge to the north side of the river while Major General William Mahone's division secured the bridge. The rest of Lee's army moved on to Farmville and a rendezvous with trains of rations.
Early on April 7, while Mahone's men were attempting to set fire to the High Bridge and wagon bridge, the Union II Corps commanded by Major General Andrew A. Humphreys arrived on the scene. Humphreys's second division under Brigadier General Francis C. Barlow, including the 19th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, charged the burning structure and saved a large section of the railroad bridge, preventing major damage. They crossed the lower wagon bridge to move on Lee's flank and forced the hungry Confederates to resume their retreat before re-provisioning themselves.
Aftermath
With 47 Union casualties (plus 800 captured) versus only about 100 Confederate casualties, the first battle on the bridge seemed to favor the Confederates. However, the second battle, in which Union troops successfully extinguished the fire, crossed the bridge, and forced the Confederates to flee along a specific path, proved to be a decisive tactical victory, and may have shortened the war by several days.
As a result, Lee was forced to continue his march to the west under pressure, depriving some of his men the opportunity to receive rations from Farmville that they desperately needed. On the night of April 7, Lee received from Grant a letter proposing that the Army of Northern Virginia should surrender. Lee demurred, retaining one last hope that his army could get to Appomattox Station before he was trapped. He returned a noncommittal letter asking about the surrender terms "Unconditional Surrender" Grant might propose.
The next morning, Lee's troops moved toward Appomattox Station, west, where a ration train was expected to be waiting. Union forces were, however, already moving to capture the supply train.
Battlefield preservation
The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved of the battlefield. The acreage is part of the High Bridge Trail State Park, which includes a 31-mile trail and the majestic High Bridge, which is more than 2,500 feet long and sits 130 feet above the Appomattox River. The piers of the original Civil War-era bridge still stand.
Notes
References
Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
Eicher, David J. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. .
Kennedy, Frances H., ed. The Civil War Battlefield Guide. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. .
Korn, Jerry, and the Editors of Time-Life Books. Pursuit to Appomattox: The Last Battles. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1987. .
Lucas, Michael C. "High Bridge Battlefield Museum https://web.archive.org/web/20181113183705/http://highbridgebattlefieldmuseum.com/
Salmon, John S. The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. .
CWSAC Report Update
National Park Service battle description
External links
High Bridge Battlefield Museum
High Bridge Trail State Park
Appomattox campaign
Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
Inconclusive battles of the American Civil War
Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia
Prince Edward County, Virginia
Cumberland County, Virginia
1865 in the American Civil War
1865 in Virginia
April 1865 events |
4019636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrate%20coupling | Substrate coupling | In an integrated circuit, a signal can couple from one node to another via the substrate. This phenomenon is referred to as substrate coupling or substrate noise coupling.
The push for reduced cost, more compact circuit boards, and added customer features has provided
incentives for the inclusion of analog functions on primarily digital MOS integrated circuits (ICs) forming
mixed-signal ICs. In these systems, the speed of digital circuits is constantly increasing, chips are
becoming more densely packed, interconnect layers are added, and analog resolution is increased. In addition, recent increase in wireless applications and its growing market are introducing a new set of aggressive design goals for realizing mixed-signal systems.
Here, the designer integrates radio frequency
(RF) analog and base band digital circuitry on a single chip.
The goal is to make single-chip radio frequency
integrated circuits (RFICs) on silicon, where all the blocks are fabricated on the same chip.
One of the advantages of this integration is low power dissipation for portability due to a reduction in the number of package pins and associated bond wire capacitance.
Another reason that an integrated solution offers lower power consumption is that routing high-frequency signals off-chip often requires a 50Ω impedance match, which can result in higher power dissipation.
Other advantages include improved high-frequency performance due to reduced package interconnect parasitics, higher system reliability, smaller package count, and higher integration of RF components with VLSI-compatible digital circuits.
In fact, the single-chip transceiver is now a reality.
The design of such systems, however, is a complicated task. There are two main challenges in realizing
mixed-signal ICs. The first challenging task, specific to RFICs, is to fabricate good on-chip passive elements
such as high-Q inductors. The second challenging task, applicable to any mixed-signal IC and the subject
of this chapter, is to minimize noise coupling between various parts of the system to avoid any malfunctioning
of the system.
In other words, for successful system-on-chip integration of mixed-signal systems, the
noise coupling caused by nonideal isolation must be minimized so that sensitive analog
circuits and noisy digital circuits can effectively coexist, and the system operates correctly.
To elaborate, note that in mixed-signal
circuits, both sensitive analog circuits and high-swing high-frequency noise injector digital circuits may be
present on the same chip, leading to undesired signal coupling between these two types of circuit via the conductive substrate.
The reduced distance between these circuits, which is the result of constant technology scaling (see Moore's law and the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors),
exacerbates the coupling.
The problem is severe, since signals of different nature and strength interfere,
thus affecting the overall performance, which demands higher clock rates and greater analog
precisions.
The primary mixed-signal noise coupling problem comes from fast-changing digital signals
coupling to sensitive analog nodes.
Another significant cause of undesired signal
coupling is the crosstalk between analog nodes themselves owing to
high-frequency/high-power analog
signals.
One of the media through which mixed-signal noise coupling occurs is the substrate.
Digital operations cause fluctuations in the underlying substrate voltage, which spreads
through the common substrate causing variations in the substrate potential of sensitive
devices in the analog section.
Similarly, in the case of crosstalk between analog nodes, a signal can couple from one
node to another via the substrate.
This phenomenon is referred to as substrate coupling or substrate noise coupling.
Modelling, analysis, and verification of mixed signal coupling
There is a sizeable literature on substrate, and mixed signal coupling. Some of the most common topics are:
Differentiating between the random noise inherent to electronic devices and the deterministic noise generated by circuits.
Examining the physical phenomena responsible for the creation of undesired signals in a digital circuit and the mechanisms of their transport to other parts of the system. The substrate is the most common coupling mechanism, but capacitive coupling, mutual inductance, and coupling through power supplies are also analyzed.
Comparing various modeling approaches and simulation techniques. There are many possible models for digital noise generation, the substrate impedance network, and the sensitivity of the (unintended) receiver. The chosen techniques significantly influence the speed and accuracy of the analysis.
Substrate and mixed-signal analysis techniques can be applied to placement and power distribution synthesis.
References
Electronic Design Automation For Integrated Circuits Handbook, by Lavagno, Martin, and Scheffer, A survey of the field of electronic design automation. This article was derived, with permission, from Chapter 23 of Book 2, Mixed-Signal Noise Coupling in System-on-Chip Design: Modeling, Analysis, and Validation, by Nishath Verghese and Makoto Nagata
Further reading / External links
Technical Book: "Noise Coupling in Integrated Circuits: A Practical Approach to Analysis, Modeling, and Suppression", by Cosmin Iorga, Ph.D., 286pages, Hardcover
Electronic design
Electronic design automation
Electronic engineering
Integrated circuits |
4019637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20El%20Teniente | Estadio El Teniente | Estadio El Teniente, also known as Estadio El Teniente-Codelco for sponsorship reasons, is a multi-purpose stadium in Rancagua, Chile. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium can fit 14,087 people and was built in 1945 with the name Braden Copper Company Stadium (Estadio Braden Copper Co.). The stadium is home to football club O'Higgins, which is based in Rancagua.
The stadium hosted seven matches of 1962 FIFA World Cup, where played matches of the group stage and quarter-finals.
In 2013, the stadium was renovated for hosting the 2015 Copa América, to be played in Chile. Two matches of the group stage will be played in this stadium.
History
Construction
The stadium, since its construction, was owned by the U.S. copper mining company Braden Copper Company, which operated the mineral-extraction complex "El Teniente".
The designation of the Braden Copper Stadium to host matches in the 1962 FIFA World Cup was due to an emergency. Indeed, the 1960 Valdivia earthquake severely damaged or destroyed facilities in some of the originally-designated host cities of the FIFA World Cup in 1962 including Talca, Concepción, Talcahuano and Valdivia, which caused the original schedule to be discarded and forced its almost complete modification. Further, Antofagasta and Valparaíso were deterred from fulfilling their offers to host because they could not feasibly construct self-funded stadiums, a condition that had been imposed by the Federation due to its own lack of resources. However, given the bleak outlook for the organization, the U.S. mining interests allowed the use of their stadium in Rancagua.
Nationalisation of copper
The Government of Chile acquired in 1967 51% of the shares of Braden Copper Co., as part of the general nationalization of copper, which concluded in 1971. Therefore, the ownership and management of the "Estadio Braden Copper" passed to the state-owned corporation Codelco Chile, which led to the name change to the current one.
New stadium
On May 21, 2008, the then-president Michelle Bachelet announced the "Red de Estadios para el Bicentenario", a programme in which w new stadiums were built and upgrades planned for others, among which was the Estadio El Teniente. However, remodeling El Teniente was not executed during the term of Bachelet, although this was projected, due to the 2010 Chilean earthquake.
On September 2, 2012, President Sebastian Piñera announced in Rancagua the final draft of the plans for remodelling the stadium, which will have a capacity of 15 000 spectators. Construction began on February 19, 2013, and delivery is planned for early 2014.
The Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (ANFP) announced in December 2012 that El Teniente had been selected to host the 2015 Copa América, along with Santiago, Antofagasta, La Serena, Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Concepción and Temuco. Host venue contested with the city of Talca, however Rancagua was chosen due to its closer proximity to the Chilean capital.
Inaugural match
In the inaugural match, O'Higgins played against Lanús for the week 6 of the 2014 Copa Libertadores. The final result was 0–0,
marking the elimination of the club from the competition, as they needed a victory to advance to the next round.
Sectors of the stadium
The stadium has 5 sectors since her renovation, the Palco has 375 seats, and the totality of the other four sectors are 13,464.
Angostura (North Side)
Marquesina (West Side)
Andes (East Side)
Rengo (South Side)
Palco (VIP suite)
1962 World Cup
The Estadio El Teniente hosted seven games during the 1962 FIFA World Cup, every game of Group 4 and a quarterfinal.
Teams which played in this stadium for the 1962 FIFA World Cup:
Matches
Group 4
Quarter-finals
Chile national football team matches
The Estadio El Teniente has hosted four games of the Chile national football team, against New Zealand in 2006, Guatemala in 2008, and the United States in 2015, as well as a pre-2015 Copa América friendly match against El Salvador.
2015 Copa América
The fixture schedule was announced on 11 November 2014, and two games were played in the Estadio El Teniente for the 2015 Copa América, playing here 4 of 12 countries of the tournament. Both matches were part of the group stage.
Teams which played in this stadium for the 2015 Copa América:
Group Stage
Attendances
Note: This table only includes attendances since the remodeling of the stadium, that was officially opened in July 2014 in a match against Universidad de Chile.
1. ANFP punishment to O'Higgins playing without public one home match by the racism acts to Emilio Rentería in a match on the stadium.
Transport connections
Bus
Terminal O'Higgins is the principal bus stop of the city, and the stadium is 1.05 miles (1.7 km) away following the Rancagua avenues.
The Tur Bus terminal at Rancagua is 1.55 miles (2.35 km) away of the stadium.
Bus lines (micros) with a stop close to El Teniente are:
Trans O'Higgins lines:
101, 102 and 103 – Circunvalación
201, 202, and 203 – Isabel Riquelme
301, 302, 303 and 304 – Cachapoal
403 – Manzanal
Tramway
The stadium is 1.18 miles (1.9 km) away from the Estación Rancagua (Metrotrén).
Airport
The city only has the Aeródromo de la Independencia, but receives only the private jets and Chilean Army flights. The nearest international airport is the Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport, in Santiago.
Images
References
El Teniente
El Teniente
1962 FIFA World Cup stadiums
El Teniente
Sports venues in O'Higgins Region
Multi-purpose stadiums in Chile
Rancagua
Sports venues completed in 1947 |
4019640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan%20Ordnance%20Factories | Pakistan Ordnance Factories | The Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF) is a major firearms, defence contractor, and military corporation headquartered in Wah Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan. It is "the largest defence industrial complex under the Ministry of Defence Production, producing conventional arms & ammo to international standards. POF Board headquarter is at Wah Cantt. Presently POF 14 ordnance factories and three commercial subsidiaries. Pakistan Ordnance Factories also manufacture commercial explosives, hunting ammunition and possess extensive facilities for the manufacture of brass, copper and aluminum ingots, extrusions and sections for non-military applications. A garments factory, which has modern cloth cutting facilities, stitching units etc manufactures military uniforms and can also cater for the needs of the civil sector".
POF was founded in December 1951 by the government of Pakistan with early collaboration from the British Royal Ordnance Factory. The POF engineers, develops, produces, manufactures, and promotes a wide range of different types of infantry and special-purpose weapons, explosives, ammunition, mortars, rockets, and the military gear for Pakistan's military. Its corporate leadership comes from a deputation by GHQ where the chief of army staff (COAS) approves the appointment, but POF is under the Ministry of Defense, so the COAS is not in the direct chain of command. The POF is the earliest and one of the largest military corporations in Pakistan, and later influenced many other military corporations in the Pakistan Armed Forces.
POF produces ammunition that meets requirements set by NATO specification. Apart from military works, the POF also serves the civilian law enforcement agencies, paramilitary, and private security markets nationwide.
History
During their colonial rule, the British built sixteen ordnance factories in the British Raj, most of which were inherited by India. Pakistan's first Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan, issued a directive within four months of the independence of Pakistan to establish an ordnance factory in collaboration with British Royal Ordnance Factory to manufacture 0.303 calibre rifles. In December 1951 Pakistan's second Prime Minister, Khawaja Nazimuddin, inaugurated the first four POF workshops in the small town of Wah Cantonment.
Background
Located 45 km from Islamabad and with main manufacturing facilities at Wah Cantonment, POF is a sprawling complex of fourteen production units and six subsidiaries producing conventional arms and ammunition. Research and development projects have been undertaken to minimise dependence on foreign suppliers. Efforts have been made towards self-reliance through innovation and indigenisation, for achieving the following:-
1. Optimal utilisation of surplus capacity of POF.
2. Generation of funds to supplement budget grant.
3. Participative collaboration with the private sector.
4. Enhancing exports.
POF uses technology and equipment that has been acquired from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and China. The factories in POF employ some of the latest state of the art processes, including computerised numerical controlled machines and flexible Manufacturing systems for the production of precision components.
A Stamp was also issued by Pakistan Post on the occasion of golden jubilee of POF (Dt. 28 December 2001) to honour the country's largest defence manufacturing unit's services.
POF has been awarded standards by the International Organization for Standardization. These include ISO 9001 for quality management, ISO 14001 for environmental management, and ISO 17025 for meeting the general requirements for Competence of Test and Calibration Laboratories. In 2005, P.O.F was also awarded with safety and health environment standard OHSAS 18001.
During a visit to POF, Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz made the following tribute:
"POF is an island of excellence for Pakistan. POF and its employees have played a critical and valuable role in bolstering Pakistan’s defence. We are all proud of what you have achieved. I wish you continued success in the future."
Products
POF produce approximately 70 major products for supply to the Pakistan Army, Navy and Air Force. The main products include automatic rifles, Pistols, light/medium/heavy machine guns, a wide range of mortar and artillery ammunition, aircraft and anti-aircraft ammunition, tank and anti-tank ammunition, bombs, grenades, land mines, pyrotechnics, small ammunition, rockets, military & commercial explosives & propellants and signal stores.
Ammunition
Anti-aircraft & aircraft ammunition
12.7x99 mm NATO
12.7x108 mm Soviet
14.5x114 mm Soviet
20 mm phalanx
23 mm
30 mm
35 mm
37 mm
57 mm
Bomb HE AC 500 lb (250 kg)
Bomb HE AC 1000 lb (500 kg)
Anti-tank & tank ammunition
40 mm (RPG-7P/7AP)
73 mm (SPG-9)
100 mm
105 mm
106 mm
125 mm
Tungsten alloy penetrators & rods
Artillery ammunition
88 mm howitzer
105 mm howitzer
122 mm howitzer
130 mm howitzer
155 mm howitzer
203 mm howitzer
Anti-submarine ammunition
Depth charge Mark II Mod 3
Military explosives and Propellants
Artillery ammunition propellants
Mortar and rocket ammunition propellants
Small arms propellants
Explosives
Pyrotechnics
Grenades
ARGES 84 P2A1: Fragmentation grenade
Discharger P3 MK1: Smoke discharge/grenade
Target Indication MK2: Targeting smoke grenade
Fuzes, Detonators & Primers
Demolition Stores
Mortars
60 mm mortar/smoke/illuminating signal
81 mm mortar/smoke/illuminating signal
120 mm mortar/smoke
Rockets
122 mm YARMUK Rocket
Small arms ammunition
9x19mm Parabellum
5.56×45mm NATO
7.62×39mm Soviet
7.62×51mm NATO
7.62×54mmR Soviet
12 Bore Shaheen Cartridges
Infantry weapons
Pistols
POF-X – 9 mm calibre pistol
POF-4 – 9 mm calibre pistol (Semi-auto version of SMG-PK)
POF-5 – 9 mm calibre pistol (Semi-auto version of HK MP5)
Sub-machine guns
HK MP5 – 9 mm calibre sub-machine gun produced under license. Variants produced: MP5A2, MP5P3.
SMG-PK – 9 mm calibre compact machine pistol. Variants produced: PK1.
Assault rifles
HK G3 – 7.62×51 mm calibre assault rifle produced under license. Variants produced: G3A3, G3P4.
BW-20 – 7.62×51 mm calibre new assault rifle. Currently in testing for pitch for Pakistan Army next-generation rifle requirements. BW-20 has some similarities with the G3 (around 30%) with the intention to keep manufacturing costs low, however the BW-20 is not an upgrade of the G3. It is a new rifle. POF is also reportedly working on 5.56×45 mm and 7.62×39 mm versions of the BW-20. The latter design will reportedly be compatible with AK magazines. POF will likely pitch the 7.62×39 mm to both the Pakistan Army and the Ministry of Interior’s (MoI) paramilitary units as service adoption for that round grows. In 2015, the Pakistan Army issued a tender for a new-generation assault rifle. It had tested many designs from all over the world, including the FN SCAR, Beretta ARX200, CZ BREN 2, AK-103 and others. In the end, however, the Army did not select any of the 7.62×51 mm designs for local adoption. There were reports of Pakistan requesting the AK-103 from Russia, but the status of that program is unclear. Ultimately, it seems that POF was given the greenlight to design an original rifle. Part of the reason seems to stem from a sense that none of the foreign designs substantially improved upon the G3 in terms of its accuracy and durability. This is not to say the other rifles were not good, but the added improvement they offered may not have justified the total cost of adopting and locally manufacturing a foreign design.
PK-18 – New assault rifle 7.62×51 mm calibre (Based on ArmaLite AR-10A), (G3 REPLACEMENT), status is unclear.
PK-21 – New assault rifle/SMG 7.62×39 mm calibre (Licensed copy of AK-103), (TYPE 56 REPLACEMENT), status is unclear.
Precision rifles
Azb DMR MK1 – 7.62×51 mm calibre designated marksman rifle.
PSR-90 – 7.62×51 mm calibre sniper rifle, an indigenous variant of the HK MSG-90.
Light Sniper Rifle (LSR) – .308 Winchester calibre bolt action sniper rifle.
Hunting rifles
.308 Win Sporter – .308 Winchester calibre sporting/hunting sniper rifle.
Machine guns
MG 3 – 7.62×51mm NATO calibre general purpose machine gun, produced under license.
HMG PK-16 – 12.7×108mm calibre heavy machine gun, modified (Type 54P).
Type 54P – 12.7×108mm calibre heavy machine gun (DShK variant), produced under license.
POF Eye
POF Eye is a special-purpose hand-held weapon system similar in concept to the CornerShot that can fire weapons around corners. It was first revealed at the 5th International Defence Exhibition and Seminar (IDEAS 2008), held at the Karachi Expo Centre in November 2008. It is designed for SWAT and special forces teams in hostile situations, particularly counter-terrorism and hostage rescue operations. It allows its operator to both see and attack an armed target without exposing the operator to counter-attack.
Exports
In addition to meeting the demands of Pakistan Defense Forces, POF products are in service with over 40 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East and the Americas. Ammunition and rifles have been exported to countries such as Iraq, Croatia and Afghanistan for their respective military establishments.
POF specializes in the manufacturing of commercial explosives, hunting ammunition and possesses extensive facilities for the manufacture of brass, copper and aluminum ingots. A state of the art garments factory, manufactures military uniforms and can also cater for the needs of the civil sector.
As of post 2010s, Pakistan has been aiming to push ahead with its export market but facing difficulties due to international guidelines enforced by the United Nations.
In 2017, the POF announced it will be opening a branch in the United Arab Emirates and targeting Middle Eastern markets where it will cater not only the needs of the host country, but throughout much of the Middle East where demands are high.
Incidents
August 2008 bombing
On 21 August 2008, POF's industrial complex was the target of twin suicide bombings by the Tehrik-i-Taliban; 68 people were killed and 81 injured in the attack.
2021 explosion
See also
List of military equipment manufactured in Pakistan
List of modern armament manufacturers
List of manufacturers of Lee–Enfield rifles
Heavy Industries Taxila
Defence Science and Technology Organization
Pakistan Aeronautical Complex
References
External links
Firearm manufacturers of Pakistan
Pakistan Army affiliated organizations
Military research installations of Pakistan
Government-owned companies of Pakistan
Defence agencies of Pakistan
Pakistan federal departments and agencies
Manufacturing companies established in 1951
Pakistan–United Kingdom relations
Pakistani companies established in 1951 |
4019651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowell%20C.%20Hansen%20II | Lowell C. Hansen II | Lowell C. Hansen II (born October 11, 1939) is an American politician from South Dakota. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Hansen who is from Sioux Falls, served as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from 1973 to 1978, serving as Speaker of the House of that body from 1977 to 1978. He was elected as the 33rd Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota in 1978 and re-elected in 1982 as the running mate of Bill Janklow and served from 1979 until 1987.
External links
Lowell Hansen's historical listing
1939 births
Living people
South Dakota Republicans
Lieutenant Governors of South Dakota
Members of the South Dakota House of Representatives
Politicians from Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Speakers of the South Dakota House of Representatives |
4019658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution%20%28YFriday%20album%29 | Revolution (YFriday album) | Revolution is an album by the Christian rock band YFriday. Released in 2003, Revolution is the band's third studio album.
Track listing
Rise – 3:19
Someone I Can Live For – 2:34
Revolution – 3:22
Hands Up – 4:10
13 – 3:48
Saved the Day – 3:01
Lift – 4:03
Start of the Summer – 3:33
Shine2 – 3:32
Lament – 4:07
All music and lyrics by Ken Riley.
Personnel
Ken Riley - vocals and guitars
Gav Richards - keyboards and backing vocals
Danny Smith - bass
Dez Minto - drums
Michelle John - backing vocals
Tracey Riggan - backing vocals
Carla Hayes - backing vocals
Reception
The album was reviewed in issue 77 of the Cross Rhythms Magazine; the review was favourable, describing the album as "simply excellent" and its sound as "an organic, stripped down rock sound".
References
2003 albums
Survivor Records albums
YFriday albums |
4019665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%20Brazilians | Polish Brazilians | {{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Polish Brazilians Polono-brasileiroPolonia brazylijska
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| flag =
| image = Polish descendants in Curitiba.
| pop = 3 -5 million
| popplace = Brazil: Mainly Southern and Southeastern Brazil
Brazilian diaspora in Canada: Toronto and Montreal; Argentina: Misiones; and Paraguay: Itapúa.
| langs = PortuguesePolishYiddish
| rels = Roman Catholicism (ethnic Poles)Judaism (Polish Jews)Minor: Islam (Polish Tatars)
| related = Ukrainian Brazilians, White Brazilians, White Latin Americans
}}Polish Brazilians' () refers to Brazilians of full or partial Polish ancestry who are aware of such ancestry and remain connected, to some degree, to Polish culture, or Polish-born people permanently residing in Brazil. Also, a Polish Brazilian may have one Polish parent. In 2021 the number of people of Polish origin in Brazil is estimated at even 5 million. A large percentage of Polish-Brazilian descendants immigrated to neighboring areas of Argentina and Paraguay. There is also a significant amount of Polish and other Eastern European descendants in the Brazilian diaspora in North America.
Polish immigrants began arriving in Brazil in the late 19th century and their total number was estimated at around 200,000. Up until 1920, they were mostly classified as "Russians" and other nationalities due to the Partitions of Poland.
Immigration
The first Polish immigrants arrived in the port of Itajaí, Santa Catarina, in August 1869. They were 78 Poles from the area of Southern Silesia. Commandant Redlisch, of the ship Victoria, brought people from Mitteleuropa to settle in Brusque.
They were in total 16 families, among them: Francisco Pollak, Nicolau Wós, Boaventura Pollak, Thomasz Szymanski, Simon Purkot, Felipe Purkot, Miguel Prudlo, Chaim Briffel, Simon Otto, Domin Stempke, Gaspar Gbur, Balcer Gbur, Walentin Weber, Antoni Kania, Franciszek Kania, André Pampuch and Stefan Kachel. The Poles were placed in the colonies Príncipe Dom Pedro and Itajaí, in the area of Brusque.
Fewer Poles immigrated to Brazil than Portuguese or Italians, but many Poles have settled in Brazil. From 1872 to 1959, 110,243 "Russian" citizens entered Brazil. In fact, the vast majority of them were Poles, since east of Poland along Vistula river was under Russian rule, and ethnic Poles immigrated with Russian passports.
West of Poland was part of German Empire, therefore these Poles migrated as German citizens.
The State of Paraná received the majority of Polish immigrants, who settled mainly in the region of Curitiba, in the towns of Mallet, Cruz Machado, São Matheus do Sul, Irati, Rebouças, Rio Azul and União da Vitória.
Most Polish immigrants to Southern Brazil were Catholics who arrived between 1870–1920 and worked as small farmers in the State of Paraná. Others went to the neighboring states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina and São Paulo, which is a state as well as a city. After the 1920s, many Polish Jews immigrated seeking refuge from Europe, settling mainly in the State of São Paulo. Today most Brazilian Jews are of Polish descent.
In 1871, with the help of Father Antônio Zieliński, well connected in the court of Dom Pedro II, in Rio de Janeiro, Wos-Saporski, later nicknamed the "Father of Polish Colonization in Paraná", obtained permission from the emperor for this group (as German citizens), already expanded (32 families), could migrate to the Pilarzinho colony in the region of Curitiba, thus founding the first Polish colony in Brazil with the support of the government of Paraná.
Until June 1873, 809 Polish immigrants arrived in Paraná, of which 454 were provisionally lodged in Curitiba. In September 1873, another 64 families (258 people) disembarked in Santa Catarina and again with the help of Wos-Saporski and the authorization of Frederico José Cardoso de Araújo Abranches, then president of the Province of Paraná, they settled 6 km from Curitiba in the current Abranches neighborhood.
In 1875 about two thousand Poles lived on the outskirts of Curitiba. In 1877 the number had already jumped to six thousand immigrants. Thanks to the action of Adolfo Lamenha Lins, who presided over the province of Paraná between 1875 and 1877, there was a synchrony between the colonization of the territory, rural development and immigration. Lamenha understood the difference between spontaneous and official immigration, so, during his government, he encouraged the establishment of new immigrants in Paraná by funding their journey from the ports of Paranaguá and São Francisco do Sul to Curitiba and by creating several colonial agricultural centers. He also invested in infrastructure and access, enabling the movement of goods and ensuring the supply of foodstuffs to nearby markets. In the last report sent to the Legislative Assembly (1877), Lins states that six thousand immigrants lived on the outskirts of the capital. The most important colonies founded at this time were: Santa Cândida (1875), Orleans (1875), Thomas Coelho (Araucaria - 1876), Santo Inácio (1876), Dona Augusta (1876), Lamenha (1876), D. Pedro II ( 1876), Riviere (1877).
In 1878, colonies Murici, Zacarias, Inspetor Carvalho and Coronel Accioly were created. Also in 1878, 28 Polish immigrant families settled in Colônia Moema, in the municipality of Ponta Grossa. Soon after, more families arrived in the municipality, creating new colonies: Taquari, Guaraúna, Rio Verde and Itaiacoca.
In 1907, a school was founded in Ponta Grossa that catered to the needs of Polish children, in a space attached to the Sant'Ana Chapel and directed by the Servas do Espírito Santo sisters. In 1908 the school had more than 50 Polish students. The school closed in 1933. In 1937 Paraná had 167 Polish ethnic schools. The first school run by a Polish immigrant in Paraná was opened in October 1876 by Jerônimo Durski in the Orleans colony, in Curitiba.
In 1934, the Maritime League Colonizer (LMiK - Liga Morska i Kolonialna) founded the Morska Wola agricultural colony, in the municipality of Cândido de Abreu. In 1939 the colony had 195 families, approximately 700 people, most of them Polish.
1886 is considered the starting point of Polish immigration in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. A group of 300 immigrants, unable to adapt to the climate of the state of Bahia, where they first headed, migrated to the north of Porto Alegre and founded the Santa Teresa and Santa Bárbara colonies. In 1888, they were demarcated from the lots of the Mariana Pimentel Colony, which received the first waves of Polish immigrants the following year. In 1890 a group of Polish immigrants arrived in Porto Alegre who headed for the town of São Feliciano, current municipality of Dom Feliciano. Most were from Kongresówska (the part of Poland occupied by Russia). The immigrants received lots and started making houses, planting crops and raising animals. They were very religious and one of the first things they built were chapels.
In this first phase, few Polish settlers settled in Santa Catarina due to the climate and hostile territory (inhabited by Indians). They did not live well with the German colonies, which were predominant in the region. Santa Catarina was at the time a province of passage, where immigrants disembarked at the port of Itajaí but headed mainly for Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul.
In 1873, around 60 Polish families (as German citizens) arrived in Espírito Santo from Prussia, Pomerania and Silesia (from the Wrocław region), and together with the Germans they settled mainly in Santa Leopoldina and Santa Teresa. According to Brazilian sources, from 1876 onwards, the colonization of the 25 de Julho River valley, located in the lower part of the Santa Teresa mountain range, towards the Rio Doce, began, primarily by Italian, German and Swiss immigrants. The following year, Poles occupied the lands along the 5 de Novembro River, starting the colony called Patrimonio dos Polacos or Santo Antônio dos Polacos. In the north of Espírito Santo, the city of Águia Branca, which received its name for being the symbol of Poland, is founded by the association called Colonizing Society of Warsaw.
Religion
In a 1991 poll with Polish immigrants residents in Southeastern Brazil, 48.5% reported to be Jewish, 36.4% Catholic, 10.7% adherents of other religions and 4.5% non-religious.
Polish culture in Brazil
The State of Paraná still retains a strong influence from the Polish culture. Many small towns have a majority of Polish-descendants and the Polish language is spoken by some of them, although nowadays most Polish Brazilians only speak Portuguese. The city of Curitiba has the second largest Polish diaspora in the world (after Chicago) and Polish music, dishes and culture are quite common in the region. Curitiba was largely influenced by a mayor Jaime Lerner.
Polish communities
Important Polish communities include:
Paraná: Eufrosina, São Mateus do Sul, Santa Bárbara, Prudentópolis, Ivaí, Apucarana, Cândido de Abreu, Castro, Piraí do Sul, Palmeira, Cruz Machado, Guarapuava, Irati, Curitiba and others.
Santa Catarina: Lucena (current Itaiópolis), Rio Vermelho, Massaranduba, Grã-Pará, Nova Galícia, Brusque and others.
Rio Grande do Sul: Alfredo Chaves (now Veranópolis), Antônio Prado, Bento Gonçalves, Dom Feliciano, Mariana Pimentel, Ijuí, Guaraní das Missões, Áurea, Gaurama, Alpestre, Jaguari, Erechim, and others.
São Paulo: São Bernardo do Campo, Pariquera-Açu, Rio Claro, São Paulo, and others.
Espírito Santo: Águia Branca, Santa Leopoldina, and others.
Notable Polish Brazilians
Alessandra Ambrosio, supermodel. She was born in Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul.
Alexandre Herchcovitch, fashion designer. He is from a Jewish orthodox family, and was born in São Paulo.
Angélica Ksyvickis, Lithuanian, Polish and Ukrainian descent, Rede Globo hostess, actress and singer. She was born in Santo André, São Paulo.
Edson Zwaricz, footballer. He was born in União da Vitória, Paraná.
Henrique de Curitiba, Zbigniew Henrique Morozowicz, composer. He was born in Curitiba, Paraná.
Jaime Lerner, politician. He was born in Curitiba, Paraná.
Letícia Wierzchowski, novelist and screenwriter. The author of the popular "A Casa das Sete Mulheres" series of historical novels, she was born in Rio Grande do Sul
Mizuho Lin singer of the Brazilian melodic death metal band Semblant.
Maurício Waldman, environmentalist. He was born in São Paulo.
Paulo Leminski, poet and writer. He was born in Curitiba, Paraná.
Paulo Szot, Tony Award-winning opera singer and actor. He was born in São Paulo.
Xuxa, German, Austrian, Italian, and Polish descent, Rede Globo hostess and Latin Grammy Award-winning singer. She was born in Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul.
Serginho Groisman, Polish mother, Rede Globo´s "Altas Horas" show host. He was born in São Paulo.
Francisco Lachowski, model. He was born in Curitiba, Paraná (Polish father)
Samuel Klein, founder of Casas Bahia and philanthropist. A Holocaust survivor, Klein emigrated to São Caetano do Sul.
Ricardo Lewandowski, minister of Brazilian supreme court. He was born in Rio de Janeiro.
Thaís Pacholek, actress. She was born in Curitiba.
Thiago Rangel Cionek, footballer. He was born in Curitiba.
Vicente Mickosz, radio broadcaster. He was Born in Cuririba.
Filipe Luís Kasmirski, footballer. He was born in Jaraguá do Sul, Santa Catarina.
Leandro Narloch, journalist and writer. He was born in Curitiba, Paraná state .
Rudolf Komorek, missionary declared Venerable in 1995
Ariane Lipski, mixed martial artist born in Curitiba who fights in the UFC. Her grandfather migrated to Brazil from Poland before World War II for security reasons.
Zbigniew Marian Ziembiński. Actor and director of drama, movies and television. One of the founders of the Modern Brazilian Theater with the 1943 performance of A Bride's Gown (Vestido de Noiva), written by the dramatist Nelson Rodrigues.
The image of Polish Brazilians in Polish culture
Polish writer Maria Konopnicka published in 1910 a poem Mister Balcer in Brazil'' (Pan Balcer w Brazylii). Balcer fails to assimilate and returns to Poland. Mieczysław Lepecki had visited several South American countries, including Brazil, preparing mass emigration from Poland, and published several books about South America. Kazimierz Warchałowski returned to Poland and published there books about Brazil.
See also
Brazil–Poland relations
Morska Wola
Maritime and Colonial League: Attempted Polish overseas possessions
References
European Brazilian
Brazil
Brazil |
4019668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Stuart%2C%20Countess%20of%20Lennox | Elizabeth Stuart, Countess of Lennox | Elizabeth Stuart, Countess of Lennox née Cavendish (31 March 1555 – 16 January 1582) was an English noblewoman and the wife of Charles Stuart, 1st Earl of Lennox. She was the mother of Arbella Stuart, a close relation to the English and Scottish thrones.
Family
Elizabeth Cavendish was born in Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, on 31 March 1555, the daughter of Bess of Hardwick and her second husband Sir William Cavendish. Catherine Grey was one of her godmothers. Bess was a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth I and became one of the wealthiest women in England. Elizabeth Cavendish had seven siblings, two of whom died in early infancy.
Marriage to the Earl of Lennox
In 1574, Elizabeth Cavendish secretly married Charles Stuart, 1st Earl of Lennox, the younger brother of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, and a claimant to the English throne. Queen Elizabeth I became enraged at the two sets of parents for arranging such a controversial marriage without her permission. The Queen sent Elizabeth's mother and mother-in-law, Margaret Douglas, to imprisonment in the Tower of London.
In 1575, Elizabeth gave birth to her only child, Arbella Stuart. Her husband died in 1576 of tuberculosis.
Elizabeth herself died six years later on 21 January 1582 at age 26. The Earl of Shrewsbury wrote to William Cecil that his wife, Bess of Hardwick, "takes my daughter Lennox's death so greivously that she neither does nor can think of anything but of lamenting and weeping."
References
Antonia Fraser, Mary, Queen of Scots, Dell Publishing Co., Inc. New York, 1971
David N. Durant, Arbella Stuart: A Rival to the Queen, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1978
Mary S. Lovell, Bess of Hardwick, First Lady of Chatsworth, Little, Brown, 2005
1555 births
1582 deaths
Elizabeth Stuart, Countess of Lennox
16th-century English women
Scottish countesses
16th-century English nobility |
4019675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20former%20WB%20affiliates | List of former WB affiliates | This is a list of stations which were affiliated with The WB in the United States at the time of the network's closure. The WB shut down September 17, 2006. Former affiliates of The WB became affiliates of The CW, MyNetworkTV, another network, reverted to independent status, or shut down entirely. Some WB affiliates dropped WB programming on September 5, 2006 in favor of MyNetworkTV.
From January 1995 to September 2006, Tribune Broadcasting was an investor in The WB, along with the Warner Bros. division of Time Warner. Tribune held an initial 12.5 percent stake in the network at its launch, and later increased it to 22 percent; most of Tribune's television properties were key WB affiliates but not owned-and-operated stations of the network as Time Warner had controlling interest in it. On January 24, 2006, Warner Bros. Television announced that they would merge The WB with the CBS-owned United Paramount Network to form a new programming service called the CW. All but three of Tribune's WB stations joined the CW on September 18, 2006, through ten-year agreements. Tribune does not have an ownership interest in the CW. In late March 2008 Tribune announced that San Diego affiliate KSWB-TV would switch its network affiliation to Fox in August of that year. The future status of the CW affiliation in San Diego remained unclear until early July when the network named the soon-to-be-displaced Fox affiliate, Tijuana-licensed XETV, as its new affiliate. Stations in bold are Tribune owned and operated stations.
Alabama
Birmingham WTTO1 21/WDBB 171
Dothan WBDO Cable 3/63
Huntsville/Decatur/Florence WAWB2 (no analog channel; broadcast only on digital subchannel of WZDX and on area cable systems)
Mobile WBPG1 55
Montgomery WBMY Cable 14
Alaska
Anchorage KWBX
Fairbanks KWBX
Juneau KWJA
Arizona
Phoenix KASW1 61
Tucson KWBA1 58
Yuma KWUB Cable 6
Arkansas
Fort Smith KBBL-TV2 34
Jonesboro KJOS Cable 60
Little Rock KWBF2 42
California
Bakersfield KWFB cable 12
Chico KIWB cable 10
Eureka KWBT
Los Angeles KTLA-TV1 5
Monterey KMWB cable 14
Palm Springs KCWB
San Diego KSWB-TV1 69 (cable 5)
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose KOFY-TV3 20
Sacramento-Stockton KQCA-TV2 58
Sanger-Fresno KFRE-TV1 59
Santa Barbara/Santa Maria/San Luis Obispo KWCA Cable 5
Colorado
Denver KWGN-TV1 2
Grand Junction KWGJ
Connecticut
Hartford-New Haven WTXX1 20
District of Columbia
Washington WDCW1 50
Florida
Ft. Myers - Naples WTVK1 46 (cable 6)
Gainesville WBFL cable 10
Jacksonville WCWJ1 17 (formerly WJWB 1997-2006)
Miami - Ft. Lauderdale WDZL/WBZL/WSFL1 39
Orlando - WKCF1 18
Panama City WBPC
Tallahassee WFXU / WTLF1 57 / 24
Tampa Bay Area WWWB WB32 (now WMOR-TV1996-1998) WTTA2 WB38
West Palm Beach WTCN2 43
Georgia
Albany WBSK
Atlanta WATL2 36
Augusta WBAU cable 23
Columbus WBG
Macon WBMN cable 3
Savannah WBVH cable 13
Hawaii
Honolulu KFVE2 5
Idaho
Boise KWOB1 Cable 13
Idaho Falls KPIF 15
Twin Falls KWTE
Illinois
Champaign-Urbana-Springfield WBUI1 23
Chicago WGN-TV1 9 (nationwide from 1995-1999)
Peoria WBPE
Quincy WEWB cable 6
Rockford WBR cable 14
Indiana
Bloomington (Indianapolis) WTTV1 4
Evansville (Madisonville, KY) WAZE-TV1 19
Fort Wayne WBFW1 37 (part of the WB 100+ station group)
Kokomo WTTK1 29
South Bend WMWB-LP1 25
Terre Haute WBI cable 3
Iowa
Burlington/Quad Cities KGCW1 26
Des Moines KPWB1 23/KCWI1 56 (DT22 MyNetworkTV on 56.2)
Iowa City/Cedar Rapids KWKB-TV12 20
Ottumwa KWOT
Sioux City KXWB The WB 100+
Kansas
Topeka WBKS cable 5
Wichita KWCV1 33
Kentucky
Bowling Green WBWG1 cable 12
Campbellsville-Columbia-Louisville WBKI-TV1 34
Madisonville WAZE-TV1 19
Paducah WDKA2 49
Louisiana
Alexandria KBCA 41
Baton Rouge WBRL-CD1 21
Lafayette KLAF-LP 46 (shared with UPN, 1995-1999), KLWB (TV) 50 (2006)
Lake Charles WBLC
Monroe KWMB cable 12
Morgan City KWBJ 39
New Orleans WNOL1 38 (originally a FOX affiliate until 1995)
Shreveport KSHV2 45, KPXJ 21 (Shared affiliation with UPN on KSHV from 1997-2003 & on KPXJ in September 2006)
Maine
Bangor WBAN1 cable 4
Portland-Auburn-Augusta WPXT1 51
Presque Isle WBPQ1 cable 13
Maryland
Baltimore WNUV1 54
Salisbury WBD cable 3
Massachusetts
Boston WLVI1 56
Springfield WBQT1 "WB 11"/"WB 16" (The WB 100+)
Michigan
Alpena WBAE-TV5 cable 21 (through The WB 100+ Station Group)
Battle Creek WZPX4 43 (secondary affiliation; Pax TV (now Ion Television) was primary affiliation)
Detroit WMYD2 20
Lansing WBL1 cable 30
Marquette WBMK
Saginaw WBSF1 46
Traverse City WBVC-TV1 cable 61 (through The WB 100+ Station Group)
Minnesota
Duluth KWBD Cable 2
Mankato KWYE Cable 23
Minneapolis-St. Paul WUCW1 23
Rochester KWBR Cable 18
Mississippi
Biloxi WBGP
Columbus WBWP
Greenwood WBWD
Hattiesburg WBH Comcast Cable 59
Jackson WUFX2 35
Meridian WBMM
Missouri
Columbia-Jefferson City KJWB Cable 5
Joplin-Pittsburg KSXF
Kansas City KSMO-TV2 62
St. Joseph WBJO
St. Louis KPLR-TV1 11
Springfield KWBM2 31
Montana
Billings KWBM
Butte KWXB
Glendive KWZB
Great Falls KWGF
Helena KMTF 10
Missoula KIDW
Nebraska
Lincoln-Hastings-Kearney KWBL (The WB 100+)
North Platte KWPL
Omaha KXVO-TV1 15
Nevada
Las Vegas KVMY2 21
Reno KREN-TV 27
New Hampshire
There were none in this state, but the WB was offered from WLVI Boston, WPXT Portland, and WFFF-TV Burlington-Plattsburgh.
New Mexico
Albuquerque KWBQ1 19
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy WCWN1 45 (formerly WEWB-TV 1999-2006; now owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group)
Binghamton WBXI1 cable 11
Buffalo WNYO2 49
Elmira/Corning WBE1 cable 2
New York WPIX-TV1 11
Rochester WRWB1 cable 16 (formerly owned by Time Warner Cable; now owned by Deerfield Media and operated by Sinclair Broadcast Group)
Syracuse WNYS-TV2 43
Utica WBU1 cable 11
Watertown WBWT1 cable 14/22
North Carolina
Charlotte WMYT-TV2 55 (formerly WWWB 2001-2006)
Greenville-New Bern-Washington WGWB-TV5 The WB 100+
Lexington-Greensboro-High Point-Winston-Salem WCWG1 20 (formerly WTWB-TV 2000-2006)
Raleigh-Durham-Fayetteville WLFL-TV1 22
Wilmington WBW1 cable 29
North Dakota
Fargo/Grand Forks WBFG1 Cable 8
Bismarck KWMK1 Cable 14
Ohio
Cincinnati WSTR-TV2 64
Cleveland WBNX1 55
Columbus WWHO1 53 (shared affiliation with UPN)
Dayton WBDT-TV1 26
Lima WBOH cable 3
Toledo WT051 Cable 5
Youngstown WBCB1 Digital/Cable (WFMJ 21.2)
Zanesville WBZV
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City KOCB1 34
Tulsa KQCW1 19 (formerly KWBT 1999-2006)
Oregon
Bend KWBO1 Cable 14
Eugene-Springfield KZWB1 Cable 11
Medford KMFD
Portland-Salem-Vancouver, WA KRCW-TV1 32 (formerly KWBP 1995-2006)
Pennsylvania
Erie WBEP 3
Philadelphia WPHL-TV2 17
Pittsburgh WCWB (now WPNT2) 22
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton WSWB1 38 (shared affiliation with UPN)
Williamsport WQMY2 53 (formerly WILF, a repeater of WSWB)
Rhode Island
Providence WLWC1 28 (shared affiliation with UPN)
South Carolina
Charleston WBLN5 26/Cable 14
Elgin-Columbia WKTC2 63/Cable 4
Florence-Myrtle Beach WFWB5
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson-Asheville, NC WMYA-TV2 40
South Dakota
Sioux Falls KWSD1 36
Rapid City KWBH-LP1 27
Tennessee
Chattanooga WFLI-TV1 53
Jackson WBJK
Knoxville WBXX-TV1 20
Memphis WLMT1 30
Nashville WNAB1 58
Tri-Cities WCYB-TV DT21 5.2 (cable "WB4")
Texas
Abilene KWAW
Amarillo KDBA cable 11
Austin KNVA12 54
Beaumont/Port Arthur KWJB (cable WB10)
Corpus Christi KWDB cable 16/23
Dallas/Ft. Worth KDAF1 33
Harlingen/Weslaco/Brownsville/McAllen KMHB Cable 53 (formerly KHWB 1998-2003)
Houston KHTV/KHWB/KHCW1 39
Laredo KTXW cable 19
Lubbock KWBZ 22
Odessa/Midland KWWT1 30 "WB30"
San Angelo KWSA cable 14
San Antonio/Kerrville KMYS2 35 (now a CW affiliate)
Sherman KSHD
Tyler/Longview KWTL (as part of The WB 100+)
Victoria KWVB
Waco KWKT2 44 (dual Fox/WB affiliate) (now Fox/MNTV affiliate)
Wichita Falls KWB
Utah
Salt Lake City KUCW1 30
Vermont
Burlington WFFF-TV4 44 (shared affiliation with FOX)
Virginia
Bristol-Kingsport, TN-Johnson City, TN WCYB-DT21 5.2
Charlottesville WBC
Harrisonburg WBHA
Norfolk-Portsmouth-Newport News-Hampton-Virginia Beach WTVZ2 33
Richmond WWBT4 12 (primary affiliation is with NBC)
Roanoke-Lynchburg WFXR DT21 21.2/WWCW DT2 20.2 (formerly cable "WB 5 (WBVA-TV)", digital subchannel of former WJPR)
Washington
Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia KTZZ/KTWB-TV/KMYQ/KZJO2 22
Spokane KSKN-TV1 22
Yakima-Pasco-Richland-Kennewick KWYP
West Virginia
Bluefield-Beckley WBB1 The WB 100+
Charleston-Huntington-Portsmouth, Ohio WQCW1 30/WOCW-LP 21/WVCW-LP 45 (shared affiliation with UPN) (formerly WHCP/WOWB/WBWV 1995-2006)
Clarksburg WVWB
Parkersburg WBPB
Wheeling WBWO 18 (cable)
Wisconsin
Green Bay WCWF1 14
La Crosse WBCZ cable 15
Madison WBUW1 57
Milwaukee WVTV1 18
Wausau WBWA cable 15
Wyoming
Casper KWWY
Cheyenne KCHW
Notes
Key:
1 = affiliate that joined The CW Television Network
2 = affiliate that joined MyNetworkTV
3 = affiliate that became an independent station
4 = affiliate that dropped secondary WB affiliation
5 = affiliate status uncertain
Key affiliates of The WB that were owned by Tribune Broadcasting during their time as a WB affiliate are denoted in bold.
See also
The WB
The WB 100+ Station Group
WB affiliates
WB
The WB |
4019680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan%20Yida | Yuan Yida | Yuan Yida () is a researcher from the Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is a leading researcher on Chinese surnames in mainland China, and has been working on statistical studies of surname distribution in the People's Republic of China over the past two decades. He led the research on an updated, 2006 version of the Hundred Family Surnames, a text of popular surnames originally published in the Song Dynasty, encompassing 4100 surnames from 296 million individuals in 1110 counties.
Yuan Yida was born in 1947 in Shanghai, tracing his ancestry to Fenghua, Zhejiang. He spent much of his youth in Ningbo, before moving to Beijing and attending Beijing University. Between 1988 and 1992 he conducted research at Stanford University. In mainland China he has published more than 30 articles and two monographs.
In 1987, he estimated there were between 12,000 to 13,000 surnames in China.
He demonstrated that two individuals with the same surname in China could have received that surname from one of several different surnames in an earlier era, casting doubt over the notion that those who share the same surname today would be considered "belonging to the same family five hundred years ago".
He has remarked that fortune-telling based on surnames exists in China, labeling it "nonsense". He claimed that research on surnames may invoke patriotic feelings in overseas Chinese by drawing them closer to other Chinese with the same surname.
References
Genealogists
1947 births
Living people
Writers from Shanghai
Peking University alumni
Stanford University faculty |
4019690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20American%20%C3%A9p%C3%A9e%20fencers | List of American épée fencers | This is a list of American épée fencers. (Only noted and contemporary American épée fencers are included):
Tamir Bloom
Aleina Edwards
Kelley Hurley
Weston Seth Kelsey
Maya Lawrence
Fred Linkmeyer
Michael Marx
Robert Marx
George Gabriel Masin
Cody Mattern
John Moreau
Jon Normile
Chris O'Loughlin
Arlene Stevens
Robert Ernest Stull
Soren Thompson
Benjamin Bratton
Albert Wolff
See also
Fencing
List of American sabre fencers
List of American foil fencers
USFA
USFA Hall of Fame
Fencers, epee |
4019705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoare | Hoare | Hoare is an English surname derived from Middle English hor(e) meaning grey- or white-haired. Notable people with the surname include:
Albert Alfred Hoare, known as Bert Hoare (1874–1962), South Australian politician
Des Hoare (born 1934), Australian cricketer
Desmond Hoare (Royal Navy officer) (1910–1988), British sailor and educator
Edward Hoare (disambiguation), several people
Elizabeth Hoare (1915–2001), English church furnisher and actress
Henry Hoare (banker) (1677–1725), English banker and land-owner
Henry Hoare (1705–1785), English banker and garden owner-designer
James Hoare (born 1943), British academic and historian
Joe Hoare (1881–1947), English footballer
John Gurney Hoare (1810–1875), English cricketer and banker
Kelly Hoare (born 1963), Australian politician
Louisa Gurney Hoare (1784–1836), English diarist and writer
Mad Mike Hoare (1919–2020), Irish mercenary leader
Marko Attila Hoare (born 1972), British historian
Mary Hoare (1744–1820), English artist
Peter Hoare (disambiguation), several people
Prince Hoare (elder) (c.1711–1769), English sculptor
Prince Hoare (younger) (1755–1834), English painter and dramatist
Sir Richard Hoare (banker) (1648–1718), British goldsmith, banker and politician
Sir Richard Hoare, 2nd Baronet (1758–1838), British antiquarian and archaeologist
Sir Samuel Hoare, 1st Baronet (1841–1915), English politician
Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood (1880–1959), British politician
Sarajane Hoare, British-born fashion journalist, stylist and magazine editor
Seamus Hoare, Gaelic footballer
Sean Hoare (1963–2011), British journalist
Seán Hoare (born 1994), Irish professional footballer
Simon Hoare (born 1969), British politician
Sir Tony Hoare (born 1934), British computer scientist
Wilfred Hoare (1909–2003), English cricketer and headmaster
William Hoare (c.1707–1792), British painter
See also
Hoare baronets, four Baronetcies
Hoare logic, named after its inventor, Tony Hoare
References
English-language surnames |
4019724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Beckerman | Bernard Beckerman | Bernard Beckerman (1921–1985) was a Shakespeare scholar, a theatre director. He was also the head of Hofstra University's department of drama, and later the Chair of Brander Matthews Professor of Dramatic Literature at the Columbia University's theater department.
Beckerman's books include Dynamics of Drama, Shakespeare at the Globe, and Theatrical Presentation: Performer, Audience and Act.
From 1950 to 1961, Beckerman directed all the plays at Hofstra's annual Shakespeare festival. Beckerman was also responsible for introducing the Poo-wa-bah tradition at Hofstra, which continues to this day.
His wife was Gloria Brim (b.), Professor of literature at the Adelphi University, who married the cardiologist Jeremiah Stamler in 2004.
In 1982 he established the annual seminar on Shakespeare (582) at the Columbia University, during which, after his death, a Bernard Beckerman Memorial Lecture is presented in honor of the founder.
References
Sources
"Bernard Beckerman on Dramatic Literature"; in: Burnet M. Hobgood (ed.), Master Teachers of Theatre: Observations on Teaching Theatre by Nine American Masters, Southern Illinois University Press (pp. 23–24)
Shakespearean scholars
American theatre directors
1921 births
1985 deaths
20th-century American poets
Hofstra University faculty
Columbia University faculty |
4019730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Ki-hyung | Lee Ki-hyung | Lee Ki-Hyung (born September 28, 1974) is a football coach and former player from South Korea.
Club career
Lee has spent most of his club career playing for Suwon Samsung Bluewings and Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma, the two powerhouses of South Korean football.
Club career statistics
International career
Lee frequently represented South Korea between 1995 and 2004 without ever appearing at a major tournament. He has also played for the Korean Youth team.
International goals
Results list South Korea's goal tally first.
External links
Lee Ki-hyung – National Team stats at KFA
1974 births
Living people
Association football defenders
South Korean footballers
South Korean expatriate footballers
South Korea international footballers
Suwon Samsung Bluewings players
Seongnam FC players
FC Seoul players
FC Seoul non-playing staff
Incheon United FC managers
Busan IPark managers
Auckland City FC players
K League 1 players
Expatriate association footballers in New Zealand
Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers of South Korea
Sportspeople from South Jeolla Province
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in New Zealand
Korea University alumni
New Zealand Football Championship players |
4019732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Inland%20Voyage | An Inland Voyage | An Inland Voyage (1878) is a travelogue by Robert Louis Stevenson about a canoeing trip through France and Belgium in 1876. It is Stevenson's earliest book and a pioneering work of outdoor literature.
As a young man, Stevenson desired to be financially independent so that he might pursue the woman he loved, and set about funding his freedom from parental support by writing travelogues, the three most prominent being An Inland Voyage, Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes (1879) and The Silverado Squatters (1883).
Voyage was undertaken with Stevenson's Scottish friend Sir Walter Grindlay Simpson, mostly along the Oise River from Belgium through France, in the Fall of 1876 when Stevenson was 26 years old. The first part, in Belgium, passed through heavily industrial areas and many canal locks, proving to be not much of a vacation. They then went by rail to France, starting downriver at Maubeuge and ending at Pontoise, close to the Seine. The route itinerary has become a popular route for modern travelers to re-enact with guidebooks and maps available.
Stevenson (named "Arethusa" in the book after his canoe) and Simpson (called "Cigarette" along with his canoe) each had a wooden canoe rigged with a sail, comparable in style to a modern kayak, known as a "Rob Roy". They were narrow, decked, and paddled with double-bladed paddles, a style that had recently become popular in England, France, and neighboring countries, inspired by Scottish explorer John MacGregor's book A Thousand Miles in the Rob Roy Canoe (1866).
Outdoor travel for leisure was unusual for the time, and the two Scotsmen were often mistaken for lowly traveling salesman (a status that more than once kept them from a room for the night), but the novelty of their canoes would occasion entire villages to come out and wave along the banks with cheers of "come back soon!" A fundamentally Romantic work in style and tone, the book paints a delightful atmosphere of Europe in a more innocent time, with quirky innkeepers, traveling entertainers and puppeteers, old men who had never left their villages, ramshackle military units parading with drums and swords, and gypsy-like families who lived on canal barges.
The first edition was published by C. Kegan Paul & Co. Since then there have been several editions; a later edition adds an adventure on foot in which Stevenson is thought to be a beggar and is tossed in jail by police, and also a preface by Stevenson's future wife Fanny Vandegrift Osbourne and stepson Lloyd Osbourne, who met him on this journey.
References
External links
Digitised copy of An inland voyage from the C. Kegan & Paul & Co. edition (1878) from National Library of Scotland. JPEG, PDF, XML versions.
ibiblio.org This site has the full text of An Inland Voyage, using the Cockbird Press edition (1991).
Andrew Sanger (1991), An Inland Voyage, with a Travel Guide to the route, published by Cockbird Press (1991) , most up to date travel itinerary for those repeating the journey, includes annotations and illustrations to the original text. See also: Andrew Sanger.
An Inland Voyage, from the University of Virginia. Includes pictures from an early edition and HTML format.
An Inland Voyage, a later edition containing a preface by the Osbourne's and an Epilogue. HTML format.
An Inland Voyage, from Project Gutenberg.
"Rob Roy", drawings of the "Rob Roy" canoe from A Thousand Miles in the Rob Roy Canoe (1866)
John Alexander Hammerton. In the track of R. L. Stevenson and elsewhere in old France. Bristol, J. W. Arrowsmith; etc., 1907. From Internet Archive.
1878 books
Books by Robert Louis Stevenson
British travel books
Books about Belgium
Books about France
Canoeing in Belgium
Canoeing in France
Canoeing in Europe |
4019738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow%2C%20East%20Ayrshire | Moscow, East Ayrshire | Moscow is a hamlet in East Ayrshire in Scotland. It is on the A719 road some east of Kilmarnock. In 2006 its population was reported as 118. It is represented in the "Galston West and Hurlford North" ward of East Ayrshire Council.
Name
The name is thought to be a corruption of "Moss-hall" or "Moss-haw" but its spelling was amended in 1812 to mark Napoleon's retreat from Moscow. The name may also be of Brittonic origin, and derived from the words maɣes, "field" and coll, "hazel" (Welsh maes-coll). A stream called the Volga Burn flows through the village. Locally the land and forest around Cowans Law to the north-west is referred to as 'Little Russia'.
The hamlet also shares the same latitude (55° North) as the Russian city. The village is well known in Russia for its name.
History
Walter Emery of the Kilmarnock Glenfield Ramblers had researched the names Moscow, Volga and Ruschaw in 1933. The Ordnance Survey (OS) notified him that the local residents had authorised the name 'Moscow' and that the name appears on Aitken's 1829 map, the valuation role, the Grougar Estate map, and Johnson's 1828 County map. The Ordnance Survey also referred to a local tradition that the name was derived from the burning of Moscow in Russia in 1812, the first house in Moscow in Ayrshire having been built at about that time. Ayr County Council suggested that "during the Crimean war there were various refugees and prisoners located in the neighbourhood, and it was then that Russian names were given to various places."
Shaw records that "a generation ago Russian prisoners of war were located between Galston and Fenwick, at a place called Moscow".
In the Spring of 1884 a Mr. Rankin was found murdered in a gruesome fashion at his lonely cottage near Moscow. He was said to be well-to-do, however although no clues were found, theft was considered to be the motive; the guilty party was never brought to justice. Mr. McNabb, a retired police officer, related that in his opinion the murder was carried out by a somnambulist who was therefore unaware of the deed. He had never ventured this opinion officially for fear of being laughed out of the force.
Micro-history
Recently (2008) a personal airstrip was established in a field near the village for light aircraft.
The village is referenced in the song "Hayfever" by The Trash Can Sinatras on their album I've Seen Everything: "Moscow's in Ayrshire, what's the problem?"
See also
River Irvine - tributaries listed.
References
Notes
Sources
Aitken, John. The Humours of Ayrshire or Travels with a Bookstall. Kilmarnock : D. Brown & Co.
Emery, Walter (1933), Armsheugh Glen and Templetonburn, 19 August 1933. Annals of the Kilmarnock Glenfield Ramblers Society. Jubilee Number. 1934.
Shaw, James Edward (1953). Ayrshire 1745-1950. A Social and Industrial History. Edinburgh : Oliver & Boyd.
External links
Local government website
Villages in East Ayrshire
Hamlets in Scotland |
4019742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%20Soundtracks%20for%20Angela%20Bulloch | Two Soundtracks for Angela Bulloch | Two Soundtracks for Angela Bulloch is an EP by the American musician David Grubbs which was written to accompany the artwork of Angela Bulloch.
Track listing
"Z Point" – 8:14
"Horizontal Technicolour" – 13:12
References
2005 EPs |
4019747 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zmir%20Economic%20Congress | İzmir Economic Congress | İzmir Economic Congress () was held in İzmir, Turkey between 17 February - 4 March 1923, shortly after the end of the Turkish War of Independence and during the interval between the two conferences that led to the Lausanne Treaty the same year. The conference was held in order to emphasize the importance of Turkish economic development, as the country had been shattered by years of war. Early Turkish economic policy was articulated at this congress.
The newborn republic was to have a mixed economy—as advised by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Mustafa Kemal's conjunctural words have long been quoted by the statist economists in Turkey in an effort to justify the state's role in economy.
A second Congress under the same name and with stressed references to the first was held in 1981 after the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, and a third (named Economic Congress of Turkey) was organized by Turkey's State Planning Organization (T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı) in 2004, both times also in İzmir, although these last two are far from having the historic significance of the first.
An exhibition of various commercial products organized simultaneously to the Congress, in İzmir's Hamparsumyan House, used as storehouse for the Ottoman Bank at the time, is considered to be the precursor of today's İzmir International Fair.
See also
Statism
References
Lewis, Bernard. "The Emergence of Modern Turkey". Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966.
Zurcher, Eric. "Turkey: A Modern History". London: I.B. Tauris, 1993.
Economic Congress
Economic Congress
1923 in Turkey
Economic history of Turkey
1923 conferences
Events in İzmir |
4019758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gems%20TV | Gems TV | Gems TV was a jewellery manufacturer and reverse auction TV shopping network headquartered in Chanthaburi, Thailand. It began its operations in October 2004 in the UK, and then expanded to Germany, America, Japan and China. Gems TV was formed from the merger of Thaigem Limited and Eagle Road Studios, which formed Gems TV UK Limited, which eventually became a subsidiary of Gems TV Holdings Limited when the company expended to other countries.
For the fiscal year ending 30 June 2009, revenues amounted to $162.16 million, down 31% from the previous year, with a gross profit of $53 million.
Since the closure of Gems TV USA and the sale of Gems TV (UK) and Gems London (Gems TV Japan) in 2010, the company no longer focuses on jewellery production and the sales through their own shopping channels.
History
Gems TV began in October 2004, in the UK from the joint venture of Eagle Road Studios and Thaigem. The partnership came about from Thaigem initially stocking Eagle Road Studios' channel Snatch It! and after the success of the jewellery on the channel, one of Eagle Road's other channels Factory Outlet was replaced with 'Gems.tv'. Eagle Road Studios ran the channel alongside 'Deal Of The Day' and 'Snatch It!'.
In April 2005, Eagle Road Studios announced that 'Snatch It!' was to close down and was to be replaced with a second jewellery channel, focusing solely on Sterling Silver after a successful trial run on the channel. During the closing down process of Snatch It!, the new channel was being named 'Gems TV Silver'. However, when the 2nd channel officially launched on 12 May 2005, Gems TV was rebranded as Gems TV Gold and received a completely new identity and studio. The 2nd channel was simply known as 'Gems TV'. Both channels ran alongside 'Deal Of The Day' at the same time was replaced with mobile phone shopping channel; 'MyPhone.tv'. In June 2005, it was announced that both Thaigem and Eagle Road Studios had merged to form 'Gems TV UK Limited' and as a result, on the 19 July 2005, the 'MyPhone.tv channel was sold off to Canis Media Group.
Gems TV Holdings was listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange in November 2006 and at this time Gems TV employed over 2200 people worldwide dropping to around 1,100 people worldwide by 2010.
Jewellery production
Gems TV owns its gem production facilities are in Chanthaburi, Thailand. The Gems TV company (now also known by the parent company name of TGGC Limited, or Gemporia) buys cut and polished gems, crafts its products, and then sell them through its various television channels; hence the motto, '[C]utting out the middlemen', and its claim that they can consistently undercut high street prices.
The company claims to sell the world's widest variety of gems, including rarities such as Block D Tanzanite. The channel utilizes a falling price - or 'reverse' - auction game.
Sale of Gems TV (UK) Limited
On 18 June 2010, Gems TV Holdings sold Gems TV (UK) Limited (a wholly owned subsidiary) to The Colourful Company Group Limited, which is the company that owns and runs rival channel Rocks TV, Gem Collector and Jewellery Maker.
As a result of the sale, this has now brought Gems TV (UK) Limited back under the ownership of Steve Bennett, who was one of the original founders of the company back in 2004.
Gems TV UK
Gems TV USA
See also
Gems TV (UK)
Gems TV (USA)
Gems TV (Germany)
Juwelo TV (on German Wikipedia)
References
External links
Official UK site
Official US site
Official German site (Now inactive)
Official Japanese site
Share price on Singapore stock market. (Now inactive as well)
Shopping networks
Television channels and stations established in 2004 |
4019764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20K.%20Atkinson | Arthur K. Atkinson | Arthur K. Atkinson (1892–1964) was an executive of the Wabash Railroad. After working for the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad, he joined the Wabash in 1922 and was promoted to vice president in 1929. In 1947 he became chief financial officer, and president in 1947. He was elected to be chairman of the board in 1959, and he retired from the company in 1960.
In 1949, Atkinson served as a director for the Chicago Railroad Fair.
Legacy
Railroad car ferry number 6 owned by Ann Arbor Railroad was named Arthur K. Atkinson in his honor on March 14, 1959, when it returned to the Great Lakes after a rebuild.
References
20th-century American railroad executives
Wabash Railroad
1892 births
1964 deaths |
4019767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen%20Biddle%20Shipman | Ellen Biddle Shipman | Ellen Biddle Shipman (November 5, 1869 – March 27, 1950) was an American landscape architect known for her formal gardens and lush planting style. Along with Beatrix Farrand and Marian Cruger Coffin, she dictated the style of the time and strongly influenced landscape design as a member of the first generation to break into the largely male occupation.
Commenting about the male dominated field to The New York Times in 1938, she said "before women took hold of the profession, landscape architects were doing what I call cemetery work." Shipman preferred to look on her career of using plantings as if she "were painting pictures as an artist." Little of her work remains today because of the labor-intensive style of her designs, but there exist preserved spaces, including the Sarah P. Duke Gardens at Duke University, often cited as one of the most beautiful American college campuses.
She is buried in Plainfield, New Hampshire, near Brook Place, her estate there.
Early life
Shipman was born in Philadelphia, and she spent her childhood in Texas and the Arizona territory. Her father, Colonel James Biddle, was a career Army officer, stationed on the western frontier. When the safety of his family was threatened, he moved them to the McGowan farm in Elizabeth, New Jersey. Shipman attended boarding school in Baltimore, Maryland, where her interests in the arts emerged and by her twenties she had already started drawing garden designs.
When she entered the Harvard annex, Radcliffe College, Shipman met a playwright attending Harvard named Louis Shipman. They left school after one year, married, and moved to Plainfield, New Hampshire, in the Cornish Art Colony, which included Maxfield Parrish and Augustus Saint-Gaudens. The colony is said to have been landscaped by artists who were not architects, but had artistically trained eyes and an awareness for the aesthetics of repose, which gave rise to a collection of some of the finest gardens in the country. Shipman took strongly to the Cornish style, one that focused on geometric patterns and colonial plantings, and with it created her own style – a style which did not go unnoticed.
Collaboration
Shipman's colleague and fellow member of the Cornish Art Colony, Charles A. Platt, was an artist and architect known for his interest in Italian gardens. Platt recognized Shipman's talents. He did not know much about horticulture, but was highly respected and thought of as "the man who could design both house and garden for a country estate", for he had recently made a trip to Italy and wrote a book about the gardens there.
By the time the Shipmans divorced in 1910, Ellen Shipman was well on her way to establishing herself as a talented garden designer nationwide. She and Platt played off their mutual requirements: Platt needed Ellen for her knowledge of horticulture and Ellen needed Platt for his knowledge of drafting and design. Shipman was also heavily influenced by Gertrude Jekyll's brilliant use of borders, as well as memories of her grandparents’ farm. By 1920 she was working independently of Platt, though they continued to collaborate on his residential projects.
Designs
Among Shipman's earliest collaborations with Platt was the Cooperstown, New York estate of Fynmere in 1913, owned by the Cooper family on the edge of the village. This project, for descendants of William Cooper, provided significant visibility for Shipman. While the stone mansion was demolished in 1979, a few elements of the landscape work survive. Shipman also designed the adjoining Cooper estate of Heathcote, which is extant today in private hands. A similar task was undertaken at the Gwinn Estate in Cleveland, where she was asked by Platt to aid him and Warren H. Manning in their garden designs. It was finished in 1912, one of her earliest projects, and one where her job was largely planting oriented, filling the designs of Platt with lush flower arrangements. The courtyard gardens of Manhattan's Astor Court Building were another Platt-Shipman collaboration. Platt and Shipman's 1915 design for the Parmelee estate, The Causeway, in Washington D.C. included a Wild Garden surrounding the mansion and formal gardens. It featured mature trees, large clumps of plants such as rhododendron, walking and riding paths, stone bridges and a pond. This, and a substantial one-acre Wild Garden at Longue Vue House and Gardens, are the only surviving examples of Shipman's Wild Gardens. The Causeway is now called Tregaron Estate and is open to the public.
Seen in many ways as Platt's protégé, Shipman was asked on various occasions to rework one of his gardens, including Platt's first major commission, High Court. Located across the road from Platt's own house in Cornish, New Hampshire, Anson Goodyear hired Shipman to revitalize the plantings and reconfigure the garden walls.
Her other significant gardens include the Bayou Bend Gardens, Longue Vue Gardens in New Orleans, Stan Hywet Gardens, the Graycliff Estate (now under restoration), Stranahan Estate (also under reconstruction), Middleton House and Robert M. Hanes House at Winston-Salem, North Carolina and Duke University's Sarah P. Duke Gardens, which is often named one of her finest works.
Shipman created her own residential gardens all over the United States, collaborating with many architects. Her planting plans softened the bones of geometric architecture with planting designs that were muscular enough to speak for themselves. She once said, "Remember that the design of your place is its skeleton upon which you will later plant to make your picture. Keep that skeleton as simple as possible."
Public recognition and solo work
Shipman's gardens often appeared in magazines, including House Beautiful. In 1933, House & Garden named her the "Dean of Women Landscape Architects". She lectured widely, and completed over 400 projects. Her archives are at Cornell University. Because much of her work includes labor-intensive plantings and borders, many have not survived. However, it was because of these borders that she was able to connect with her female clientele. Her intent was to provide privacy and a place for interaction with the surroundings. Women found the gardens provided familiarity and comfort.
It is said that throughout the 40 years she practiced landscape architecture, Shipman would only hire graduates from Lowthorpe School of Landscape Architecture, Gardening, and Horticulture for Women. Although it is not thoroughly understood why this was her hiring practice, it is widely believed that because of the time, women were not being given apprenticeships in male offices.
References
Further reading
Tankard, Judith B. Ellen Shipman and the American Garden. 2018. Amherst, MA: Library of American Landscape History, and Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press.
Karson, Robin. The Muses of Gwinn. 1995. Amherst, MA: Library of American Landscape History, and New York: Sagapress, Inc.
Mozingo, Louise A, and Linda L Jewell. Women In Landscape Architecture: Essays On History and Practice. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 2012.
Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens. Ellen Biddle Shipman. 2006. Stan Hywet Hall and Garden. 29 Oct. 2006
External links
Guide to the Ellen McGowan Biddle Shipman Papers at Cornell University The majority of Ellen Biddle Shipman's archives are housed at the Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections at Cornell University
Library of American Landscape History: The Muses of Gwinn by Robin Karson.
Library of American Landscape History: Ellen Shipman and the American Garden by Judith B. Tankard.
American landscape and garden designers
Women landscape architects
American gardeners
1869 births
1950 deaths
Radcliffe College alumni
Duke family
People from Plainfield, New Hampshire |
4019771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here%20Be%20Dragons | Here Be Dragons | Here Be Dragons is a historical novel written by Sharon Kay Penman published in 1985. The novel is the first in a trilogy known as the Welsh Princes series set in medieval England, Wales and France that feature the Plantagenet kings.
Plot
Here Be Dragons is the first of Penman's trilogy about the medieval princes of Gwynedd and the monarchs of England. England's King John uses his out-of-wedlock daughter Joanna as a negotiating tool by marrying her to the Welsh noble Llewelyn to avoid war between England and Wales.
Joanna and Llewelyn's marriage is marred by resentment from Llewelyn's illegitimate son, Gruffydd. Joanna gives birth to two legitimate children, Elen and Dafydd. Growing animosity between the English and Welsh results in Joanna having to act as a diplomatic intermediary between her husband and her father, and the situation deteriorates when Gruffydd is taken hostage by John and narrowly escapes execution. Joanna becomes determined that her own son, Dafydd, will be his father's heir as ruler of Gwynedd, disregarding the Welsh law that all sons should receive equal shares of their father's inheritance. Family disagreements lead Joanna into an affair with William de Braose, who is several years her junior and whom she has met earlier in the story when he was a hostage in Llewelyn's household. Their affair is discovered and William is executed. Joanna is placed in secluded captivity, but at the end of the book Llewelyn comes to find her and offers her forgiveness.
Style and genre
Penman utilizes characters who are in conflict and develops them well. Penman's characterizations are strong, with innocuous historical figures added to the story. She takes the slight historical mention of a character, such as Llewelyn's brother Adda, and adds him to the story, about whom she says, "All we know of Adda is his name."
Llewelyn's seneschal Ednyfed Fychan, the forebear of King Henry VII, is important as Llewelyn's trusted friend. Of Fychan, Penman remarks: "I can't recall a time when I didn't know that Ednyfed was the ancestor of Henry Tudor. I assume I must have encountered that fact early in my research. Despite his dubious descendants, I was rather fond of Ednyfed as a character."
Although set in the 12th and 13th centuries, narrative in her novels takes place in medieval sites that still exist and can be visited, including castles, churches and archeological areas. Areas such as Aber Falls and Dolwyddelan Castle have important scenes in Here Be Dragons. The possible remains of the Palace have recently been excavated in Abergwyngregyn.
In a discussion about teaching with historical fiction, scholars Alun Hicks and Dave Martin note that Penman is careful to make the details of her novel reflect the needs of the genre, talking about objects and practices which give the reader historical immersion.
Themes
Penman juxtaposes the central love story between Joanna and Llewelyn the Great against a tapestry of medieval conventions, wars for territory, and the conflict between Llewelyn's fight to maintain an independent Wales and to appease the English King John. Of her research and characterization of Joanna, Penman explains: "All we know about Joanna ... are the bedrock facts about her life. I took those facts and did my best to breathe life into them, seeking to create a woman who would have acted as we know she did. ... Joanna is a rare exception, a woman who made an impact upon her times and who is still remembered today in Wales as Llewelyn's Siwan." In the early 1980s, Penman moved to the Welsh mountains to conduct research for the novel.
In particular, Penman's characters are strong individuals, sometimes, as some reviewers pointed out, too strong. However, Rhian Piprell looks to Penman's treatment of Joan as a reminder that the idea of women wielding power and being influential is not a something unique to the modern world.
Penman explains in an interview: "I think Dragons ... was virgin territory for most readers. The saga of the Plantagenets was much better known, but not many people were familiar with medieval Wales or its princes. And then, too, the story of Llewelyn and Joanna, King John’s illegitimate daughter, is a remarkable one, which struck an emotional chord with many readers."
Reception
One critic wrote of Here Be Dragons that although it is a "good solid book" the 700 page read "lacks magic". The review in Library Journal cautions readers about the book's slow start, and confusing use of names, but concedes the novel is "involving" and "enjoyable". Moreover, the reviewer believes Joanna's character lacks depth, but other characters "are bigger than life."
New York Times Book Review was critical of list-like story telling which is too "brisk" and a tendency for tropes which slow the reader down too much. Other reviews are positive. For example, School Library Review claims Here Be Dragons "keeps readers enthralled," and that the novel is a "wonderful melange of historical fiction." A Publishers Weekly review of one of Penman's subsequent books, describes Penman's writing as a "magnificent combination of history and humanity that Penman's readers have come to expect again animates her latest work (after Here Be Dragons)".
Publication history
Here Be Dragons was initially published in 1985 by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston and a year later in the United Kingdom by Collins. In the UK a paperback edition was released in 1986, published by Fontana. In August 1987 Avon Books issued a paperback edition. In 1991 Penguin reissued a paperback edition. In May 2008 Macmillan reissued a trade paperback in the United States.
Legacy
Here Be Dragons, along with the subsequent novels Falls the Shadow and The Reckoning, inspired a sightseeing trail backed by the Tourism Partnership North Wales. The "Penman Trail", as it has been dubbed, visits locations which feature prominently in the books, including Dolwyddelan Castle and Abergwyngregyn.
Notes
References
1985 American novels
Historical novels
Novels by Sharon Kay Penman
Novels set in the Middle Ages
Novels set in Wales
Cultural depictions of John, King of England
Holt, Rinehart and Winston books |
4019774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%20Thomas%20Howard | Lord Thomas Howard | Lord Thomas Howard (1511 – 31 October 1537) was an English courtier at the court of King Henry VIII. He is chiefly known for his marriage (later invalidated by Henry) to Lady Margaret Douglas (1515–1578), the daughter of Henry VIII's sister, Margaret Tudor, for which he was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he died on 31 October 1537. The affair is referenced in a verse by his nephew, the poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey.
Early life
Howard was a younger son of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk by his second marriage to Agnes Tilney. He was a half-brother of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, son of the 2nd duke by his first marriage, and is often confused with his elder brother.
Lord Thomas was at court in 1533 when his niece, Anne Boleyn, married King Henry VIII as his second wife, and helped to bear the canopy at the christening of Anne's daughter, Elizabeth. In the years which followed he was often at court, and it was there that he met Lady Margaret Douglas (1515–1578), the daughter of Henry VIII's sister, Margaret Tudor, and her second husband, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus (c. 1489 – 1557). By the end of 1535 Lord Howard and Lady Margaret Douglas had fallen in love and become secretly engaged.
Imprisonment and death
Howard's niece, Queen Anne, fell from power in May 1536. This undoubtedly contributed to the King's fury when in early July 1536 he learned of the marriage contract of Lord Thomas and Lady Margaret since Lady Margaret was at the time next in the line of succession as a result of the King's bastardization of his daughters Mary and Elizabeth. The couple were committed to the Tower, and on 18 July 1536 an Act of Attainder accusing Howard of attempting to 'interrupt ympedyte and lett the seid Succession of the Crowne' was passed in both houses of Parliament. The Act sentenced Howard to death, and forbade the marriage of any member of the King's family without his permission. The death sentence was not carried out, and Lord Thomas languished in the Tower even though Lady Margaret was required to renounce their relationship by King Henry's minister Thomas Cromwell. While in the Tower, Lady Margaret fell ill, and the king allowed her to be moved to Syon Abbey under the supervision of the abbess. There are many reports that her illness was her pregnancy with Lord Thomas Howard's son and thus she was sent to the Abbey during her confinement. She was released from the Abbey on 29 October 1537. Howard remained in the Tower, where he caught an illness and died on 31 October 1537. There is an unsubstantiated tradition that he was poisoned. His body was given to his mother, the Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, with the stipulation that it be buried 'without pomp'. Howard was interred at Thetford Abbey.
In 1540 Lady Margaret Douglas was disgraced in a similar affair with Thomas Howard's nephew Sir Charles Howard, the son of Lord Thomas's elder half-brother Lord Edmund Howard, and a brother of Henry VIII's fifth wife, Katherine Howard.
Poem
Lord Thomas's nephew, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, referred to his death in a poem to "his Geraldine" (Lady Elizabeth Fitsgerald):—
If you be fair and fresh, am I not of your hue?
And for my vaunt I dare well say, my blood is not untrue;
For you yourself doth know, it is not long ago
Sith that for love one of the race did end his life in woe,
In Tower both strong and high, for his assured truth,
Whereas in tears he spent his breath, alas, the more the ruth!
This gentle beast so died, whom nothing could remove,
But willingly to seek his death for loss of his true love.
Footnotes
References
1511 births
1537 deaths
Younger sons of dukes
Thomas Howard
English people who died in prison custody
Prisoners in the Tower of London
16th-century English people |
4019787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Rodney%20Sullivan | Kevin Rodney Sullivan | Kevin Rodney Sullivan (born August 3, 1958) is an American film and television actor and film director.
Early life and acting career
Sullivan is a native of San Francisco who began his career as a child actor. He grew up in St. Francis Square in the Fillmore district of San Francisco as the youngest of three children. His father was a bus driver, and his mother was a receptionist for the St. Mary's hospital. According to Sullivan, he was "one step up from a housing project". During sixth grade while performing A Midsummer Night's Dream, Sullivan's talents were picked up by Ann Brebner, who placed him and his entire class as extras in a movie by Sidney Poitier, They Call Me Mr. Tibbs! in 1970. This was his first experience with cinema. Brebner would continue to give him auditions for various roles. In 1970, he was picked up for a job in an Alpha-Bits Cereal commercial, making over $7,000 off of that role alone. He continued to obtain small roles in theater productions and doing commercials. Most notably, He got a role as the Master of Ceremonies during a show of Sesame Street that was being filmed live at Golden Gate Park. He was made to "sit on this big garbage can with a microphone and introduce the various skits," with Jim Henson controlling the puppets.
Sullivan then went on to get a part in a movie called Thumb Tripping, with Meg Foster, following which he got a part in a series called Wee Pals on the Go. The series was based on a comic strip by Morrie Turner and featured an integrated neighborhood. He played the part of Randy, "a kid with a big afro who loved sports," according to Sullivan. For Christmas, the producer of that series gave Sullivan his first 8-millimeter camera with which he first experimented in film. He acquired a scholarship to St. Ignatius College Preparatory, which was a Jesuit all-boys high school located in the Sunset District of San Francisco. "The school had 1,200 boys, only forty of them were black," according to Sullivan. At St. Ignatius, Sullivan was challenged in his class work for the first time, and because of his race, was barred from the theater program as well. "I felt out of place and no one tried to make me feel otherwise," Says Sullivan.
At one point he joined the Young Conservatory of the American Theater, located in downtown San Francisco. As a senior at St. Ignatius, he convinced the theater department to allow him to direct Ceremonies in Dark Old Men, by Lonne Elder; and following this, the school asked him to be the lead in a production of The Tea House of the August Moon.
Due to his successes in his acting career, Sullivan applied to the Juilliard School in New York, which emphasizes the arts. John Houseman, who had at the time recently received an Oscar for his role in The Paper Chase, was his interviewer. Houseman's comments on Sullivan's abilities at the time were thus: "You have talent, but you're only seventeen years old. Most of our students come here after four years of college. I don't think you're ready for New York City just yet". And so, Sullivan ended up at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon instead, where he was offered a scholarship through their theater program. He applied to be an English major, as he was growing increasingly interested in writing. "I was a whale in a fish bowl," says Sullivan, who was quite overqualified for the college's theater program. He ended up being the lead, Proteus, in Two Gentlemen of Verona, for which he had only auditioned as a supporting role. Sullivan was in quite a few plays following that, and was chosen by the school to direct a production of Slow Dance on the Killing Ground, a play by William Hanley. He then decided to produce a play of his own creation, leaving the school to do it as an independent study. He never went back.
In the summer of 1987, Sullivan left for Los Angeles. He began by working with a friend and fellow actor in Hollywood. From there he began to write scripts. On a particular four-day trip to DC, he picked up inspiration for characters in his later works from fellow passengers on his ride who he'd spent time talking to. While his scripts were largely unnoticed, his trip would inspire later works. In the meantime, however, his acting was noticed after he auditioned for small parts in a few movies, including as Lieutenant in More American Graffiti (1979), Tyrone in Night Shift (1982), March in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982), and John Grant in The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension (1984).
Early screenwriting
At the age of twenty-two when he was able to sell a television script for the first time, it was for an episode of Fame for the ABC network. This connection to ABC allowed him to write the TV drama series Knightwatch in 1988. In 1992, Sullivan directed the pilot for a television series on ABC entitled Moe's World, which is a story narrated by a kid who has been killed in a car crash. The story "tackled" topics such as teenage pregnancy and death as well as other topics that tend to affect teenagers today. However, while ABC bought the pilot, the show was never picked up by that network. Fox considered purchasing the show as well, but did not follow through.
Despite that minor setback, this background allowed Sullivan to jump into directing movies for HBO: the short film "Long Black Song", which was one of three in the America's Dream (1996) anthology movie, and Soul of the Game (1996). The later was a docudrama on how African Americans "broke the baseball color barrier" which follows the "triumphant and tragic stories" of Jackie Robinson, Satchel Paige, and Josh Gibson as they make their way out of the Negro leagues, and into the Majors. "For African Americans in this century," Sullivan told The New York Times regarding Soul of the Game, "one man's victory is often the result of others paving the way, sometimes making the triumph both bitter and sweet". The movie was eventually pulled from air and is no longer available on television. Sullivan's successes presented him with many opportunities, including the ability to collaborate with George Lucas on Red Tails, a story about the Tuskegee airmen, a famous African American Aerial unit from World War II; as well as with Norman Jewison on an adaptation of The Good Times Are Killing Me. In addition to these series, Sullivan also produced Frank's Place (1987), I'll Fly Away (1991), Boy Meets Girl (1993), and Cosmic Slop (1994), before his first major production.
Major film productions
The movie How Stella Got Her Groove Back (1998) swept the NAACP Image Awards, won the award for Outstanding Picture and was Kevin Rodney Sullivan's Hollywood directorial debut. The movie was based on a popular novel at the time, and follows the story of Stella (played by Angela Bassett) who is a single mother of one who finds love in Jamaica with a man much younger than her named Winston (played by Taye Diggs). It also had other notable stars such as Whoopi Goldberg, who plays Stella's best friend in the movie. The film, while not the first to use a tropic paradise as its background, "may be the first to blatantly portray a tropical paradise as a sexual mecca beckoning tired American businesswomen to shed their clothes and inhibitions," according to a review by The New York Times. Despite some mixed reviews, Sullivan still "provides a movie that speaks in a recognizable way to a black audience, particularly black women who have found themselves omitted from serious screen depiction over the decades".
Sullivan's next major production was Conviction (2002), based on the autobiography of Carl Upchurch entitled Convicted in the Womb. The movie wrestles with race relations, and issues pertaining to jail and gang violence, as well as the use of derogatory terms towards people of African descent. The main character, after being reformed in jail goes on a mission to help lower youth violence in America, by inviting all the largest gang's leaders to a church meeting about violence. Upchurch himself had a cameo within the movie as a jail cell guard.
He then went on to produce Barbershop 2: Back in Business (2004), which was a sequel to the original Barbershop (2002), with the entire original cast returning with some additions. Notable cast members include: Ice Cube, Cedric the Entertainer, Anthony Anderson, and a brief cameo by Queen Latifah in promotion of her own spinoff of the Barbershop franchise.
The latest major film production by Kevin Sullivan was Guess Who (2005); the idea for the movie was originally a collaborative effort by Ashton Kutcher and Bernie Mac. As Kutcher explained in an interview about his choice of directors, "I had a conversation with Kevin before we started the movie. And the reason that I liked Kevin -- we picked Kevin to do the movie, Bernie and I did, because what he knew the movie needed was heart. And he was more concerned about the heart than the comedy". The movie focuses on a young white man (played by Kutcher) attempting to marry an African American woman, while trying to seek the approval of her overprotective father (played by Bernie Mac). Working with Sullivan did have its impact upon the film, as Kutcher explains, "Well, working for Kevin Sullivan was a very different experience for me. Kevin didn't just let us go. At no point in time did Kevin just let us go... And I think that that brought a different performance for each of us from what we'd done before". The movie received mostly mixed reviews.
Recent screenwriting
In the four years between How Stella Got Her Groove Back and Conviction, Sullivan wrote and collaborated with the producers of The West Wing (2000), which followed a fictional White House staff about on various fictional activities.
Sullivan then developed a pilot for the series Watching Ellie (2002), and wrote some scripts for The Guardian (2002) which was a crime drama that ran for two seasons.
Following the release of Conviction, he began working on scripts for The Henry Lee Project (2003). This series followed a veteran policeman turned private detective. The part of the policeman was played by notable actor Danny Glover.
The most notable of his recent screenplays is 30 Rock (2008), which has received national acclaim and many awards including Emmy awards for Outstanding Comedy Series in 2007, 2008 and 2009. The show was renewed by NBC for a sixth season in 2010. Tina Fey was the original project writer, and created the storyline to be based on her own life story. Sullivan collaborated with three other producers, including Alec Baldwin on this show, especially on the second season. However, despite winning awards for being an outstanding comedy, 30 Rock has been chronically underrated throughout its six seasons of being on air, with a viewership of nearly 5.3 million viewers.
Filmography
More American Graffiti (1979) - Lieutenant
Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982) - March
Night Shift (1982) - Tyrone
The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension (1984) - John Gant
Frank's Place (1987, TV Series)
Knightwatch (1988, TV Series)
Moe's World (1990)
I'll Fly Away (1991, TV Series)
Boy Meets Girl (1993)
Cosmic Slop (1994)
America's Dream (1996)
Soul of the Game (1996)
How Stella Got Her Groove Back (1998)
The West Wing (2000, TV Series)
Watching Ellie (2002, TV Series)
The Guardian (2002, TV Series)
Conviction (2002)
The Henry Lee Project (2003, TV Series)
Barbershop 2: Back in Business (2004)
Guess Who (2005)
30 Rock (2008, TV series)
Lincoln Heights (2009, TV series)
Eastwick (2010, TV series)
Modern Family (2010, TV series)
NCIS (2011, TV series)
Anger Management (2013, TV series)
Grey's Anatomy (2016–18, TV series)
How to Get Away with Murder (2016, TV series)
Notorious (2016, TV series)
Being Mary Jane (2017, TV series)
Dynasty (2017, TV series)
Quantico (2018, TV series)
Riverdale (2017–18, TV series)
Titans (2018–19, TV series)
You (2019, TV series)
Evil (2019, TV series)
This Is Us (2021, TV series)
Episode #79: "There"
Rise (TBD, film)
References
External links
1958 births
African-American film directors
African-American television directors
Film producers from California
American male screenwriters
American television directors
Film directors from San Francisco
Living people
Screenwriters from California
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American men
21st-century African-American men |
4019792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20H.%20Hoffman | George H. Hoffman | George Harrison Hoffman (January 21, 1838August 31, 1922) was the second Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota from 1891 to 1893.
Life
George Hoffman was born in Adams County, Pennsylvania. In 1844 he moved with his parents to DeKalb County, Indiana where his father worked as teacher and farmer, while he attended the local schools. Later he worked as a carpenter and he was also engaged in agriculture. During the American Civil War he enlisted in the Union Army as a member of the Thirteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. After the war he returned to Indiana where he worked as a farmer until 1884. In that year he moved with his sons to the Dakota Territory where he founded a Ranch in Walworth County, South Dakota.
Politically Hoffman joined the Republican Party. In 1889 when South Dakota became a regular US-State he was elected to the State Senate. In 1890 he was elected to the office of the Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota. He served in this position between 1891 and 1893 when his term ended. In this function, he was the deputy of Governor Arthur C. Mellette and he presided over the State Senate. Hoffman was also a member of various organizations and institutions including the Grand Army of the Republic. He died on 31 August 1922.
References
External links
The Political Graveyard
Online Biography
1838 births
1922 deaths
Lieutenant Governors of South Dakota
South Dakota Republicans |
4019796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Nightmare%20Fair | The Nightmare Fair | The Nightmare Fair is a story originally written for the 1986 season of Doctor Who, but never filmed. A novelisation based on the script was published in 1989 by Target Books, as the first volume of its Missing Episodes series. The script and novelisation were written by former series producer Graham Williams, and would have been directed by Matthew Robinson had it gone to air. It is the first novel-length text featuring The Doctor not to be based upon a previously transmitted production, although being a novelisation it is not strictly speaking an "original" novel.
An audio play closely based on Williams' script was released in May 2003, with profits going to the charity Sense. For this adaptation, the Sixth Doctor was played by Steve Hill, and Peri by Jennifer Adams Kelley.
A second audio adaption, done by Big Finish, was released in 2009. Adapted by John Ainsworth, it featured both Colin Baker and Nicola Bryant reprising their television roles of the Sixth Doctor and Peri respectively.
Synopsis
The TARDIS falls through a time well, landing in modern-day Blackpool at an amusement fair. The Doctor and Peri, finding nothing else amiss, start to enjoy the fair's attractions. They are separated on an amusement ride; the Doctor's car is directed into the depths of the fair, while Peri encounters Kevin, a teenaged-boy looking for his brother who is missing but had last been seen at the fair weeks ago. The two are also eventually captured and brought to a prison where the Doctor has also been caged.
They discover their captor is the Celestial Toymaker, who has been stuck on Earth for several millennia, tricking a few unsuspecting humans into playing games with him and losing, become his perpetual servants. The Toymaker created the time well to bring the Doctor here, and added elements to the fair to help capture the Doctor. The Toymaker is on the verge of completing his "great work": an arcade game that feeds on the souls that lose to it, which then can generate powerful creatures with which the Toymaker plans to take over Earth. He is prepared to have the game mass-produced in America to complete his plan. The Doctor, who knows that the Time Lords do not fully know who or what the Toymaker is, learns that he is a powerful psychic being from another dimension where time moves much slower, giving him his seemingly immortality. Knowing that he cannot hurt the Toymaker physically, he works with Peri, Kevin, a Venusian engineer and a human android who is also one of the Toymaker's captives, to construct a device to disrupt the Toymaker's psychic field. The Doctor then traps him in a time field of his device that prevents the Toymaker from being able to control anyone outside of it and that will last forever. The other creatures captured by the Toymaker are freed, including Kevin's brother. The Doctor decides to return with Peri back to enjoy the fair a bit more.
Background
Several stories were in the planning stages for the 23rd Season of Doctor Who, three of which were in the middle of being scripted when the (temporary) cancellation announcement was made. Former series Producer Graham Williams was to have written the season opener, featuring a return of the Celestial Toymaker as seen in the 1966 serial. Being the first slated for production, Williams script was by far the most advanced at the time of cancellation, with Matthew Robinson (who had helmed Resurrection of the Daleks and Attack of the Cybermen in the previous two seasons) pencilled in as director.
Intended Production
Studio days were booked for this story to be recorded, starting on 20 May 1985. Location filming was also planned to take place in Blackpool at the Pleasure Beach, on the promenade and at south shore police station. The story however was never produced due to Doctor Who first being cancelled by the BBC, then this being revised to an 18-month break, with all planned storylines being junked and a new, shorter season being assembled for transmission in September 1986.
Intended Transmission
Prior to the hiatus that was announced in February 1985, The Nightmare Fair Part One was to have been transmitted on 4 January 1986. Part Two was to have been broadcast on 11 January 1986.
Novelisation
In 1988, Target Books, which had been successfully publishing novelisations of Doctor Who stories for many years, saw itself running out of available televised materiala. Although a number of serials remained unadapted, most were off-limits due to licensing problems. While negotiations went forward with the BBC for the publication of new adventures, three of the cancelled scripts were published in book form. The writers of all three were approached, and all were signed to write the novels. The Nightmare Fair required far less additional material than the other two, and in May 1989 it became the first to be published under the Missing Episodes banner. It was the first of 275 releases from different publishers as of 2007 that were not televised or broadcast on radio (the novelisation of the radio story Slipback had been published in 1986).
The next two books in the series were The Ultimate Evil by Wally K. Daly, released in August 1989, and Mission to Magnus by Philip Martin, published in July 1990 (the first Doctor Who novel based on non-televised material to be published after the end of the original series).
Notes
The original ending of the 1985 series finale, Revelation of the Daleks, had the Doctor telling Peri he was going to take her to Blackpool. Before broadcast, however, the decision was made to freeze frame the Doctor before he says this. Williams' novelisation of the serial does not, therefore, take its lead from the original ending of Revelation. At the start of this novel TARDIS is drawn into "the nexus of the primeval cauldron of Space-Time itself" and he and Peri are surprised to find themselves in Blackpool.
The Past Doctor Adventures novel Divided Loyalties ends with the Toymaker telling his companion Stefan "I'll take you to Blackpool", both setting up this story and pastiching the original end of Revelation.
In the text of the novel, the character Kevin is given the surname Stoney. Kevin Stoney is the name of an actor who appeared in earlier stories in the televised series.
Audio adaption
Big Finish Productions produced an audio drama adaptation of The Nightmare Fair in 2009. In early March 2009, Big Finish announced that the role of the Toymaker was to be played by David Bailie, who had previously played Dask in the 1977 story The Robots of Death. The original 1966 Toymaker story starred Michael Gough, but at the time of audio recording, he had retired from acting.
Cast
The Doctor – Colin Baker
Peri – Nicola Bryant
Celestial Toymaker – David Bailie
Kevin – Matthew Noble
Stefan – Andrew Fettes
Woman – Louise Faulkner
Shardow/Attendant – William Whymper
Yatsumoto/Truscott/Manager/Man – Toby Longworth
Humandroid/Security Man/Geoff/Guard – Duncan Wisbey
Continuity
Seven months before this audio was released, Big Finish brought back the Celestial Toymaker in The Magic Mousetrap.
In this story, the Doctor marked a reference to City of Death character, Duggan.
Production Notes
Doctor who's Audio Series producer David Richardson briefed all the Composers including Jamie Robertson to give the lost stories season an original but classic "80's Retro" feel.
Jamie used Various Synths for the music soundtrack and sound design including an AKAI AX-80 and a Yamaha SY85.
References
External links
Big Finish Productions – The Nightmare Fair
Hidden Planet Lost Scripts site
The Cloister Library – The Nightmare Fair
1989 British novels
1989 science fiction novels
Sixth Doctor novels
Sixth Doctor audio plays
Novels set in Lancashire |
4019805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daban | Daban | Daban may refer to:
Places
Daban, China, a village in Fujian, China
Daban, Kati Cercle, a village and rural commune in the Kati Cercle in the Koulikoro Region, Mali
Daban, Russia, a selo in Olyokminsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia
People
Jacques Tisné Daban, mayor of Aast, a commune in the Aquitane region of France, in 1871–1881
See also |
4019807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coussoulis%20Arena | Coussoulis Arena | James and Aerianthi Coussoulis Arena or Coussoulis Arena is a 4,140-seat multi-purpose arena in San Bernardino, California, United States, on the campus of California State University, San Bernardino. It is named for James & Aerianthi Coussoulis.
It is home to the Cal State San Bernardino Coyotes men's basketball, women's basketball and women's volleyball teams. It hosts many other functions including commencement, concerts, Harlem Globetrotters basketball, WWE professional wrestling, comedy shows, band competitions and arts and music festivals.
See also
Cal State San Bernardino Coyotes
References
External links
Official website
Basketball venues in California
Cal State San Bernardino Coyotes sports venues
College basketball venues in the United States
College volleyball venues in the United States
Sports venues in San Bernardino, California
Volleyball venues in California
Sports venues completed in 1995
1995 establishments in California |
4019836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Liechtenstein at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Liechtenstein competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
Alpine skiing
Note: In the men's combined, run 1 is the downhill, and runs 2 and 3 are the slalom. In the women's combined, run 1 and 2 are the slalom, and run 3 the downhill.
Cross-country skiing
Distance
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
Winter Olympics |
4019837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%93ur%20Emmanuelle | Sœur Emmanuelle | Sœur (Sister) Emmanuelle, N.D.S. (16 November 1908 – 20 October 2008) was a Religious Sister of both Belgian and French origins, noted for her involvement in working for the plight of the poor in Turkey and Egypt. She was honoured with Egyptian citizenship in 1991.
Life
She was born Madeleine Cinquin in Brussels, Belgium, the daughter of a French father, Jules Cinquin, and a Belgian mother, Berthe Lenssens. Her parents were wealthy lingerie manufacturers; their background was from Saint-Omer. Her paternal grandmother, Laure Mélanie Dreyfus, was the daughter of an Alsatian Jew named Emmanuel Moïse Augustin Dreyfus and a Christian mother. He was born in Wissembourg, Bas-Rhin, and started the family lingerie business. At the age of six she saw her father drown. She was educated at the Sorbonne, earning a degree in philosophy. In 1929, she professed vows and became a Religious Sister in the Congregation of Our Lady of Sion.
In the 1930s, Sister Emmanuelle started teaching at the Notre-Dame de Sion High School in Istanbul, where she lived until the 1960s, with teaching assignments by her congregation of several years in Tunis and Alexandria in between.
In 1971, Sister Emmanuelle witnessed the impoverished conditions of the trash collectors in Cairo, Egypt, and decided to live among them. She remained there until 1993, when she returned to France. It was upon her return that she gained the status of a media sensation in France, as she was well received by audiences and talk-show hosts.
In addition to her charity work, she was known for her unorthodox religious views, including her approval of the use of contraception and of the idea of allowing priests to marry. She was voted one of the most popular people in both France and Belgium, and was compared to Mother Teresa, although she herself regarded the comparison as "ridiculous". In 2003, a French television station broadcast the documentary, Soeur Emmanuelle: An Exceptional Woman. In 2005 she ended in fifth place in the Walloon version of Le plus grand Belge (The Greatest Belgian).
Sister Emmanuelle died on 20 October 2008, in Callian, Var, in France. She died in her sleep from natural causes at the age of 99, less than four weeks from celebrating her 100th birthday.
Les Amis de Soeur Emmanuelle (The Friends of Sister Emmanuelle) is a charitable organization based in Brussels.
French Singer Calogero dedicated a song to her named "Yalla", which means "move on, move forward" in Arabic, something she was famous for saying. The song was sung to her for her 98th birthday.
In 2018, for the 10th anniversary of her death, the city of Paris decided to name a street after her. The '' is situated on the boulevard Raspail, between the allée Claude-Cahun-Marcel-Moore and the boulevard du Montparnasse, where are the headquarters of Congregation of Our Lady of Sion.
Writings
Works written by Sœur Emmanuelle
Sœur Emmanuelle (pref. Jean-Marie Cavada), Chiffonnière avec les chiffonniers, ’Chiffonniere with ragpickers’, Ivry-sur-Seine, Éditions de l'Atelier, 1989 and 2007 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Une vie avec les pauvres, ‘A life with the poor’, Paris, Éditions de l'Atelier, 1991 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Yalla, en avant les jeunes, Paris, LGF - Livre de Poche, 1999 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Les Mots du Rosaire, ‘The words of the Rosary’, Arles, Actes Sud, 2001 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Un pauvre a crié, le Seigneur l'écoute, ‘A poor man shouted, the Lord listened’, Paray-le-Monial, Emmanuel, 2005 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Vivre, à quoi ça sert ?, ‘Living, what is the purpose?’, Paris, J'ai lu, 2005, 149 p. ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Agenda 2009. Une année avec Sœur Emmanuelle, Presses de la Renaissance, 21 August 2008 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, 365 Méditations de Sœur Emmanuelle, Paris, Presses de la Renaissance, 9 October 2008 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Je Te Salue Marie, ‘I hail you, Mary’, Bordeaux, Elytis, 15 October 2008 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Les Confessions d'une religieuse, ‘The confessions of a religious woman’, Flammarion, 23 October 2008 ()
Works written in collaboration with Sœur Emmanuelle
et Matthieu Ricard (pref. Sœur Emmanuelle), Enfants du Tibet : De cœur à cœur avec Jetsun Pema et Sœur Emmanuelle, ‘Children of Tibet : from heart to heart' with Jetsun Pema and Sœur Emmanuelle, Desclée de Brouwer, 2000 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle et Edmond Blattschen, L'Évangile des chiffonniers, ‘The Gospel of Ragpickers’, Bruxelles, Alice, 2000 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle et Philippe Asso, Richesse de la pauvreté, ‘The wealth of poverty’, Paris, Flammarion, 2001 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle et Marlène Tuininga, Jésus tel que je le connais, ‘Jesus as I know him’, Paris, J'ai lu, 2003 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle et Philippe Asso, Vivre, à quoi ça sert ?, ‘Living, what is the purpose?’, Paris, Flammarion, 2004 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle et Marlène Tuininga, Le Paradis, c'est les autres, ‘Paradise is the others ‘, Paris, J'ai lu, 1995 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle et Sofia Stril-Rever, La Folie d'Amour. Entretiens avec sœur Emmanuelle, ‘The Madness of Love. Interviews with Sister Emmanuelle ‘, Flammarion, 2005 ()
Jacques Duquesne, Annabelle Cayrol et Sœur Emmanuelle, J'ai 100 ans et je voudrais vous dire…, ‘I’m 100 years old and I would like to say to you…’, Plon, 20 August 2008 ()
Sofia Stril-Rever, Mon testament spirituel: De Sœur Emmanuelle, ‘My Spiritual Testament: of Sœur Emmanuelle’, Paris, Presses de la Renaissance, 2008 ()
Works dedicated to Sœur Emmanuelle
Pierre Lunel (pref. Bernard Kouchner), Sœur Emmanuelle, la biographie, Paris, Anne Carrière, 2006 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Mille et Un bonheurs : Méditations de Sœur Emmanuelle, Paris, Carnets Nord, 2007 ()
Documentaire Sœur Emmanuelle, le cœur et l'esprit (réalisé par Elisabeth Kapnist) - diffusé sur France 5 en 2007.
Spectacle de Pierrette Dupoyet intitulé "L'Amour plus fort que la mort ou une Fleur chez les chiffonniers" (création Festival d'Avignon 1997)- texte paru aux Éditions La Traverse année 1999 (Show by Pierrette Dupoyet entitled "Love stronger than death or a flower among the ragpickers" –for the Avignon Festival 1997- Text published in Éditions La Traverse année 1999 (ISSN 1262-3423)
Fabell chante Sœur Emmanuelle: Ma grande sœur Emmanuelle, in Tout feu, tout femme!, ‘My great sister Emmanuelle, in All fire, all woman!’, Rouge Orange 2013 (Sacem RO201311/1/1)
"Yalla", crée et chantée en 2004 par Calogero, en son honneur et par reconnaissance de son action auprès des enfants d'Égypte (‘Created and sung in 2004 by Calogero, in her honor and recognition of her work with the children of Egypt’)
See also
Maggie Gobran
References
External links
95-year-old nun is France's favourite woman
France's beloved nun Sister Emmanuelle dies at 99
De Madeleine Cinquin à Sœur Emmanuelle
1908 births
2008 deaths
Anti-poverty advocates
Roman Catholic activists
20th-century Belgian Roman Catholic nuns
Belgian emigrants to France
French expatriates in Turkey
French expatriates in Egypt
French expatriates in Tunisia
Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
People from Brussels
University of Paris alumni
20th-century French nuns |
4019845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialogue%20%28disambiguation%29 | Dialogue (disambiguation) | Dialogue is a conversational exchange.
Dialogue(s) or dialog(s) may also refer to:
Dialogue in writing, a verbal exchange between two or more characters
Art and culture
Philosophical concepts
Socratic dialogue, a genre of philosophical literary prose developed mainly by Plato
Dialogue (Bakhtin), the concept of dialogue in the philosophy of Mikhail Bakhtin
Philosophy of dialogue, a type of philosophy based on the work of Martin Buber
Books
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, a 1632 book by Galileo Galilei
Dialogues (Pope Gregory), a collection of four books written by Pope Gregory I
Dialogs (Lem), a 1957 book-length essay by Polish science-fiction writer Stanisław Lem
A Dialogue, a 1973 book by James Baldwin and Nikki Giovanni
Dialogues (Gilles Deleuze), 1977 book of discussions between Deleuze and Claire Parnet
Journals
Dialog (magazine), a magazine in Poland that publishes contemporary Polish and foreign plays
Dialog (newspaper), a weekly newspaper from Varna city, Bulgaria, Europe
Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought
Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review
Dialogue, philosophy journal of Phi Sigma Tau
Dialogue (magazine), a 1978–2004 art magazine
Classical music
Dialogues, 1923 piano solo by Federico Mompou
Dialogues 1, Op. 25, and Dialogues 2, Op. 62, by Carlos Veerhoff
Dialogues II, Op. 126, by Frank Campo
Dialogues II, for piano and chamber orchestra by Elliott Carter
Groups and labels
Dialogue+, a Japanese idol group
Music albums
Dialogue (Bobby Hutcherson album), 1965
Dialogue, by Valery Leontiev, 1984
Dialogues (Carlos Paredes & Charlie Haden album), 1990
Dialogue (Four Tet album), 1999
Dialogues (Houston Person and Ron Carter album), 2002
Dialogues (Kenny Davern album), 2005
A Dialogue, by Gwen Stacy, 2009
Dialogue (Thavius Beck album), 2009
Dialogues (Ivar Antonsen & Vigleik Storaas album), 2010
Dialogue (Steve Weingart & Renee Jones album), 2011
Songs
"Dialogue (Part I & II)", a 1972 song by Chicago
Television
Dialogue, a television show on China Global Television Network formerly hosted by Yang Rui
Religion
Dialogue Mass, a religious rite
Technology
Dialog (architectural firm), a Canadian architectural, engineering, interior design and planning firm
Dialog (online database), an information service
Dialog (software), a shell script application that displays text user interface widgets
Dialog Axiata, a Sri Lankan telecommunication company
Dialog box, a type of user interface
Dialog Semiconductor, a Germany technology company
Dialogue system, a computer system intended to converse with a human
, an HTML element
Dyalog APL, a programming language implementation
Ericsson Dialog, a telephone model
Gorenje Dialog, a microcomputer system |
4019850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany%20Rising | Epiphany Rising | The Epiphany Rising was a failed rebellion against King Henry IV of England in early January 1400.
Background
Richard II rewarded those who had supported him against Gloucester and the Lords Appellant with a plethora of new titles. Upon the usurpation and accession of King Henry IV in 1399, many of those titles were placed under attainder, due to the complicity of their holders in the murder of the Duke of Gloucester.
Conspiracy
The ringleaders of the conspiracy were John Montagu, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, John Holland, 1st Earl of Huntingdon (formerly Duke of Exeter) and half-brother to Richard II, Thomas Holland, 3rd Earl of Kent (formerly Duke of Surrey), and Thomas le Despenser, 4th Baron le Despencer (formerly Earl of Gloucester). Other members included Edward of Norwich, 1st Earl of Rutland (formerly Duke of Aumale), Ralph Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley, Sir Thomas Blount and Sir Bernard Brocas. They met on 17 December 1399 at the Abbey house in Westminster and plotted to capture the new King Henry IV while he was at Windsor for the feast of Epiphany.
They hoped to seize the king during a tournament, kill him, and restore Richard II to the throne. However, Edward of Norwich betrayed the conspirators to King Henry, although according to Tait, contemporary English sources which describe the conspiracy make no mention of Rutland, and his role in it is open to doubt. Nevertheless, forewarned, Henry failed to appear at Windsor and began to raise an army in London. Kent and Salisbury arrived at the castle with a force of about 400 men-at-arms and archers, but hearing that the king, forewarned, was no longer there, quickly left.
Aftermath
The conspirators fled to the western counties and raised the standard of rebellion. However, they obtained little support and were quickly apprehended by local authorities.
While attempting to seize Cirencester, Lumley was beheaded in a short but violent skirmish by the townsfolk and Salisbury and Kent were captured. Held briefly in custody, they were abruptly beheaded without trial on 7 January 1400. Le Despencer was captured at Bristol by a mob and was also summarily beheaded on 13 January 1400. Huntingdon was captured at Pleshey and dealt with likewise on 16 January 1400. Blount escaped to Oxford, where he was hanged, drawn and quartered on 12 January 1400. Brocas was captured in Cirencester and beheaded at Tyburn. Those executed were subsequently attainted in March; the brother of Kent and the sons of Salisbury and Huntingdon were later restored to their fathers' titles. The attainders were formally reversed in 1461 by a Yorkist parliament.
The rebellion also convinced Henry IV that a deposed, imprisoned and alive King Richard was a very dangerous liability for him. The deposed monarch would come to his death 'by means unknown' in Pontefract Castle by 17 February 1400.
Notes
External links
Berkshire History: Revolt of the Three Earls
1400 in England
14th century in England
14th-century rebellions
Rebellions in medieval England
History of Berkshire
Conflicts in 1400
Henry IV of England |
4019858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenhu | Shenhu | Shenhu () is a town on the southern coast of Fujian province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Jinjiang City, the centre of which is away. It sits on a peninsula, facing the Taiwan Strait to the east and the town of Yongning and Shenhu Bay () to the north. It is a fishing base and trade port, and is home to a number of small appetisers from the Min Nan region. Nearby is the Jinjiang Shenhu Bay National Geopark (). There are 7 communities and 12 villages under the town's administration.
References
深沪镇. Retrieved 2011-05-05
Township-level divisions of Fujian |
4019861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20K.%20Winter%20Jr. | Ralph K. Winter Jr. | Ralph Karl Winter Jr. (July 30, 1935 – December 8, 2020) was a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Education and career
Born in Waterbury, Connecticut, Winter graduated from the Taft School in 1953. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University in 1957 and obtained his Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School in 1960. He served as a law clerk for Judge Caleb Merrill Wright of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware from 1960 to 1961 and as a law clerk for Judge Thurgood Marshall of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1961 to 1962. He served as a faculty member at Yale Law School from 1962 to 1982, as a research associate and lecturer from 1962 to 1964, as an assistant and associate professor from 1964 to 1968 and as a professor of law from 1968 to 1982. He was a consultant to the Subcommittee on Separation of Powers of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary from 1968 to 1972. He was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C., from 1968 to 1970. He was a Guggenheim Fellow in Washington, D.C., from 1971 to 1972. He was an adjunct scholar at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington, D.C., from 1972 to 1981. He was a member of the Board of Trustees at Brooklyn Law School.
Winter advocated for limited government involvement in business matters. He also supported state control in such matters, as opposed to federal control.
Federal judicial service
President Ronald Reagan nominated Winter on November 18, 1981, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated by Judge Walter R. Mansfield. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 9, 1981, and received his commission on December 10, 1981. He served as Chief Judge from 1997 to 2000 and assumed senior status on September 30, 2000. He was a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 1997 to 2000. From 2003 to 2010, Winter also served as one of the three judges on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review. He died on December 8, 2020, from esophageal cancer.
Notable law clerks
Paul G. Mahoney, clerked 1984–1985, also clerked for Thurgood Marshall
George T. Conway III, clerked 1987–1988
Robert J. Giuffra Jr., clerked 1987–1988, also clerked for William Rehnquist
Laura Ingraham, clerked 1991–1992, also clerked for Clarence Thomas
Emmet Flood, clerked 1992–1993, also clerked for Antonin Scalia
Florence Y. Pan, clerked 1994–1995
Wendy E. Stone (Long), clerked 1996–1997, also clerked for Clarence Thomas
See also
George H. W. Bush Supreme Court candidates
References
External links
Court Says Regulator Exceeded Its Power
1935 births
2020 deaths
20th-century American judges
21st-century American judges
American legal scholars
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
People from Waterbury, Connecticut
United States court of appeals judges appointed by Ronald Reagan
Taft School alumni
Yale Law School alumni
Yale Law School faculty |
4019863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris%20Park | Morris Park | Morris Park may refer to:
Marcus Garvey Park, or Mount Morris Park as it was previously named, a park in Harlem in the New York City borough of Manhattan
Morris Park station (IRT Dyre Avenue Line), a station on the IRT Dyre Avenue Line of the New York City Subway
Morris Park station (Metro-North), a future station on the Metro-North Railroad in the Bronx, New York
Morris Park Facility, a maintenance facility of the Long Island Rail Road in Queens, New York
Morris Park Racecourse, an American thoroughbred horse racing facility from 1889 until 1904 that was once home to the Belmont Stakes
Morris Park, Bronx, a neighborhood in the Bronx borough of New York City
Morris Park, Minneapolis, a neighborhood in the Nokomis community in Minneapolis, Minnesota
Morris Park, Philadelphia, a city park in Overbrook, Philadelphia
Morris State Park, a state park in the US state of Missouri
Mount Morris Park Historic District, a historic district in New York City around Marcus Garvey Park
Panther Park, a ballpark in Fort Worth, Texas, originally called Morris Park, home of the Fort Worth Panthers |
4019869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Henryka%20Pustow%C3%B3jt%C3%B3wna | Anna Henryka Pustowójtówna | Anna Henryka Pustowójtówna (1838 in Stare Wierzchowiska – 1881 in Paris) was a Polish activist and soldier, famed for her participation in the January Uprising.
She was the daughter of a Polish noblewoman, Marianna Kossakowska, and of a Russian officer, Teofil Pustaya, of Hungarian origin. He later became a general. After convent schooling in Lublin, she attended a finishing school in Pulawy. Despite her mixed parentage, she thought of herself as a Pole. Already in her early twenties she was arrested in 1861 for civil disobedience (singing religious hymns in public). She was sentenced to detention in an Orthodox convent in Russia, but she escaped. She made her way to Moldova, where she joined Polish partisans who were forming into units.
She became an activist in the Polish independence movement and fought in the January Uprising as adjutant to Commander Marian Langiewicz. She disguised herself as a male soldier and went by the alias "Michał Smok".
She was captured and imprisoned by the Austrian authorities and upon release she moved first to Prague, then Switzerland and finally France, where she worked as a nurse in the Paris Commune of 1870. In 1873 she married a physician, Dr. Loewenhardt, whom she had known during the Uprising in Poland. They had four children. After the death of her sister-in-law, she took over the care of the two orphaned children. She died in her sleep in Paris.
References
External links
"A Catalogue of Female Cross-Dressers", last accessed February 9, 2006
Article in Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Russian).
1838 births
1881 deaths
Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery
Female wartime cross-dressers
Women in 19th-century warfare
Women in European warfare
Polish female soldiers
Polish nationalists
January Uprising participants |
4019873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog%20Faced%20Hermans | Dog Faced Hermans | Dog Faced Hermans were a post-punk band that formed in Scotland in the mid 1980s and remained active through the mid 1990s. They emerged from the UK anarcho-punk scene with a guitar/bass/drums line-up, but also incorporated trumpet and other instruments not commonly found in punk music at that time. Their composition style incorporated many genres of music outside of rock, including folk, jazz, ambient and noise music with often unorthodox instrumentation.
History
1980s
Dog Faced Hermans formed in Edinburgh, Scotland out of the female-fronted funk-punk sextet Volunteer Slavery, named after an album by Rahsaan Roland Kirk. Londoner Andy Moor, who was studying anthropology in Edinburgh, first met Colin McLean at a benefit for the Scottish Campaign to Remove the Atomic Menace, and the two shared a love of James Brown, free jazz, reggae, and African music. McLean owned both a guitar and a bass, which he traded off with Moor, eventually setting on who was to play which in the band after realizing that the songs they liked best were the ones with McLean on bass and Moor on guitar. Wilf plum had been moonlighting with local noise bands Finitribe and Stretchheads, and Marion Coutts took time off from her studies at Edinburgh College of Art to play trumpet, and the whole group also took to banging on oil drums and other percussion.
Their band got their new name from a scene in a Frankenstein movie, "where a woman dreams that her husband, whose name is Herman, gets turned into a dog," although the phrase occurs in the 1933 horror The Vampire Bat. When the group started, they played primarily improvised music, "like bashing oil drums and hitting the guitars without actually playing very many tunes," according to drummer Wilf Plum. The group's longer improvisations were condensed into shorter arranged songs that maintained their experimental qualities. The Hermans' line-up stayed constant throughout their tenure, with Marion Coutts fronting the band on vocals, trumpet and percussion, Andy Moor on guitar, Colin Mclean on bass, and Wilf Plum on drums. Within their first three years as a band, the Hermans recorded and released a few singles and two albums on their own Demon Radge Records and on journalist Everett True’s label, Calculus. These early records demonstrated the breadth of the band's influences, including English and Scottish post-punk, American no wave, and various styles of folk music, exemplified in their renditions of the Italian partisan song "Bella Ciao" and the blues standard "John Henry".
While in the UK, the Dog Faced Hermans made numerous appearances on the BBC, recording three songs for The John Peel Show in 1987 and appearing on the TV programme FSD in 1988.
1990s
The group found affinity in Dutch anarchist group The Ex, whom they'd been introduced to through members of Chumbawamba. The Ex and Dog Faced Hermans toured Europe, the United States, and Canada together and released the single "Stonestamper's Song" under the name Ex Faced Hermans, a split live cassette, and began a longstanding collaboration with the free jazz ensemble Instant Composers Pool. The Dog Faced Hermans also served as the backing band for Kurdish musician Brader with whom The Ex had also collaborated. By 1990 the Dog Faced Hermans relocated to Amsterdam taking on The Ex's sound engineer Gert Jan as a member of the group, and in 1991 Andy Moor joined The Ex, and for some years played guitar for both bands.
The Hermans struck up a deal with the Dutch label Konkurrent for the release of 1991's Mental Blocks for All Ages and 1993's Hum of Life, which featured covers of songs by free jazz pioneer Ornette Coleman and American no wave group 8 Eyed Spy. Part of the lead track, "Jan 9", is lifted from the Rumanian folk tune "Rumelaj". An American fan of the group, Geoffery Treistadt from Minneapolis band Jonestown, released the Hermans' records simultaneously in North America on his tiny Project A Bomb label. Seeking wider distribution, the Hermans approached former Dead Kennedys singer Jello Biafra who released the Hermans' final studio and live albums on his Alternative Tentacles label before the group disbanded in 1995. About the break-up, Andy Morr later said, "As a four-piece band, we had said what we had to say." The Hermans gave their final three concerts in San Francisco in October 1995, having played nearly 450 gigs in their decade as a band.
Post-Hermans
Wilf Plum went to drum for the Canadian ensemble Rhythm Activism and the projects Two Pin Din and Orchestre Tout Puissant Marcel Duchamp. Andy Moor continues to play with The Ex as a permanent member, as well as numerous other projects. Colin McLean also toured with The Ex as the band's live sound engineer and played bass for their collaboration with Ethiopian saxophonist Getatchew Mekuria. Marion Coutts returned to the UK, dedicating herself to making and teaching visual art and writing books, with a few brief sojourns into playing and recording music. Sound engineer Gert Jan toured with The Ex for many years, as well as the bands Red Monkey and Zea.
Members
Marion Coutts: vocals, trumpet, bells
Colin Mclean: bass, guitar, steel drum
Wilf Plum: drums, scrap metal, foghorn
Andy Moor: guitar, viola, "hippo tube"
Gert-Jan: live sound
Discography
Studio albums
Humans Fly (12" EP, 1988, Calculus, UK)
Everyday Timebomb (LP, 1989, Vinyl Drip, UK)
Mental Blocks For All Ages (LP/CD, 1991, Konkurrel Records/Project A Bomb)
Humans Fly / Everyday Timebomb (CD, 1991, Konkurrel Records)
Hum of Life (LP/CD, 1993, Konkurrel Records/Project A Bomb)
Those Deep Buds (LP/CD, 1994, Konkurrel Records/Alternative Tentacles)
Live albums
Live Action & Increasing (Tape, 1988, Demon Radge, UK)
Live at the "Ancienne Chocolaterie" (Tape, 1991, Demon Radge)
Bump and Swing (CD, 1994, Konkurrel Records/Alternative Tentacles)
Singles
"Unbend" (7", 1987, Demon Radge, UK)
"Bella Ciao"/"Miss O'Grady" (7", 1988, Calculus, UK)
"Too Much For The Red Ticker"/"Timebomb"(7", Konkurrent Records 1989)
"Peace Warriors" (7", 1993, Compulsive, UK) split single with Jonestown
With The Ex
"Lied der Steinklopfer" ("Stonestamper's Song") (7", 1990) released under the name Ex Faced Hermans
Treat (split live cassette, 1990)
Bimhuis 29/06/91 (2×7", part of The Ex's 6 series of singles released throughout 1991)
Compilation appearances
"Balloon Girl" on Fridge Freezer 7” EP with the Turncoats, Sperm Wails & Membranes. (Ridiculous, Sharon! Records - SHAZ 001 - 1987)
"Shat On By Angels" on Censorship Sucks LP (DDT Records - 1987)
"How Much Vegetation Have You Got?" and "Miss O'Grady" on Menschen Fliegen LP (Constrictor Records CON! 00007 - 1988)
"Yellow Girls" on Take 5 Shelter benefit LP (Shelter 4 - 1988)
"Zig Zag Wanderer" on Fast ’N Bulbous Captain Beefheart covers LP (Imaginary Records ILLUSION 002 - 1988)
"How Much Vegetation Have You Got?" on Gosh! CD (Constrictor, 1988)
"John Henry" on Diamonds and Porcupines LP (Beat All The Tambourines TAMBEAT 3 - 1989)
"Cactus" on A Pox upon the Poll Tax LP (, 1989)
"Canzone Giuseppe Penelli" on Radio Mondain Den Haag De Sessies #1 cassette (Trespassers W Records TW1010 - 1991)
"Draw the Curtain" on Es Gibt ein Leben vor dem Tod LP (1992)
"New Year" on The Dignity Of Human Being Is Vulnerable LP/CD (Konkeuurent/AWA, 1993)
"Wings" and "Body Strategic" on Let's Make the Weiner Kid Sing 2xCD (various labels, 1993)
"Viva" on King Konk: A Royal Compilation LP/CD (Konjurrel, 1994)
"Fortune" on Attack of the Tentacles CD (Alternative Tentacles, 1995)
"Blessed Are The Follies" on Upsalapalooza CD (WFMU, 1995)
"Blessed Are The Follies" on Mordam Records Sampler #3 CD (Mordam Records, 1995)
"Calley" on Sperminator CD (AWA, 1996)
"The Women And Girls Go Dancing" on Up to D.A.T. CD (Mad's Collectif, 1997)
"Incineration" on Commercially Unfriendsly CD (Gott Discs, 1005)
"Balloon Girl" on Death to Trad Rock CD (Cherry Red, 2009)
"Catbrain Walk" on C87'' 3xCD box set (Cherry Red, 2016)
See also
The Ex
Rhythm Activism
Two Pin Din
References
External links
Unofficial fansite including audio and lyrics
Scottish rock music groups
Scottish post-punk music groups
Anarcho-punk groups
Alternative Tentacles artists
Musical groups from Edinburgh |
4019884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20England%20Hockey%20Conference | New England Hockey Conference | New England Hockey Conference (formerly the ECAC East) is a college athletic conference which operates in the northeastern United States. It participates in the NCAA's Division III as a hockey-only conference.
History
The New England Hockey Conference began as ECAC East in 1984 when ECAC 2 was split in two and both new conferences dropped down to Division III. The conference was fairly stable for the first decade but began to grow in the mid 1990s. In 1998 four teams left to become Division I programs in the new MAAC conference. A year later, nine more teams split off to join their primary athletic conference, NESCAC, followed by the women's programs in 2001. Membership numbers held steady over the succeeding 15 years, though several teams came and went. In 2015 the conference rebranded itself as the New England Hockey Conference, but no internal changes occurred. Two years later 6 women's and 2 men's programs left to join a variety of conferences, dropping league membership to 11 schools, the lowest number in conference history.
Standings
From the time it formally split from ECAC 2 until 1992 all games played between members of ECAC East and ECAC West counted for conference standings. In 1992, after the ECAC West split into two conferences, ECAC East only counted games within their conference for the standings, but because a formal schedule was not yet in place all games between members were still counted. For the 1993-94 season ECAC East had its first official conference schedule with all 18 teams playing each other once. Teams could schedule additional inter-conference games but only one would count in the standings. In 1999, when 9 teams left to form the ice hockey division of the NESCAC, the two conferences continued to count games between one another in their respective standings. This arrangement continued even after the addition of more programs.
NEHC Tournaments
Current members
There are 12 member schools; the men's division has ten members, while the women's division has nine members. (as of November 2018)
Former members
† (as of November 2018)
Membership timeline
See also
New England Women's Hockey Alliance
References
External links
Men's official web site
Women's official web site
NCAA Division III ice hockey conferences
Ice hockey in New England |
4019885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Sullivan | Kevin Sullivan | Kevin Sullivan may refer to:
Politics
Kevin J. Sullivan (mayor) (born 1959), Massachusetts politician
Kevin Sullivan (politician) (born 1949), 106th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut
Kevin Sullivan (communications professional) (born 1958), former White House Director of Communications
Kevin K. Sullivan (born 1964), American diplomat
Academics
Kevin J. Sullivan (computer scientist), professor of computer science at University of Virginia
Media and arts
Kevin Sullivan (producer) (born c. 1955), Canadian director and producer of film and television
Kevin Rodney Sullivan (born 1958), actor and film director
Kevin Sullivan (journalist) (born 1959), Pulitzer Prize-winning Washington Post journalist
Kevin Sullivan (artist) (born 1964), performance artist, painter
Sports
Kevin Sullivan (footballer) (1922–1972), Australian footballer for Collingwood
Kevin Sullivan (wrestler) (born 1949), professional wrestler
Kevin Sullivan (runner) (born 1974), middle-distance runner
Field Medic (born 1991), musician born Kevin Patrick Sullivan
See also
Kevin O'Sullivan (disambiguation) |
4019909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonds%20commun%20de%20placement | Fonds commun de placement | Fonds commun de placement translates to "investment funds" or "mutual funds", and are open-ended collective investment funds based that are neither trust or company law based. They are similar to common contractual funds in Ireland, tax transparent funds in the UK and "fondsen voor gemene rekening" in the Netherlands.
In France, commonly referred to as FCP or F.C.P., these financial instruments are collective investments that are similar to the SICAV. They are not investment companies; they are more like open partnerships. They have no independent legal status but exist as a set of defined relationships between investors, managers and custodian. They invest in different financial instruments, but they do not have the tax status of the SICAV.
They are typically issued in the French-speaking countries of Europe.
See also
Common fund
Collective investment scheme
References
Investment funds |
4019914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herstelle%20Abbey | Herstelle Abbey | Herstelle Abbey, otherwise Abbey of the Holy Cross, Herstelle, is a house of Benedictine nuns in Herstelle, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
The abbey was founded in 1899 on the site of a former convent of the Minorites. In 1924, it was raised to the status of an abbey, and became a member of the Beuronese Congregation within the Benedictine Confederation. In 1962, the nuns of Herstelle founded the priory of Engelthal.
Besides the normal duties of hospitality, the nuns also work in handicrafts.
External links
Herstelle Abbey Website
19th-century Christian monasteries
Monasteries in North Rhine-Westphalia
Religious organizations established in 1899
Benedictine nunneries in Germany
Buildings and structures in Höxter (district)
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Germany |
4019917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston%20Medical%20Center | Boston Medical Center | Boston Medical Center (BMC) is a non-profit 514-bed academic medical center in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the largest safety-net hospital and Level I trauma center in New England.
BMC employs 1,466 physicians—including 711 residents and fellows—and 1,849 nurses. Kathleen E. Walsh has been the president and chief executive officer since 2010.
History
BMC was created by the formal merger in July 1996 of Boston City Hospital (BCH), the first municipal hospital in the United States, and Boston University Medical Center Hospital (BUMCH), sponsored at founding by the Methodists and then by Boston University.
Boston University School of Medicine opened its doors November 5, 1873, combining the New England Female Medical College with the medical staff of the Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital. Dr. Israel T. Talbot was the first chairman of the Department of Surgery at BU while also serving as the first Dean of BUSM.
The history of the Department of Surgery at BU dates back to 1946, when Dr. Reginald H. Smithwick was recruited from Massachusetts General Hospital to serve as Surgeon-in-Chief. With him, he brought a team of talented surgeons, including Dr. Jesse Thompson, a pioneer in vascular surgery; Dr. Douglas Farmer, a gastrointestinal surgeon; Dr. Chester Howe, a specialist in surgical infectious disease; and Dr. George Whitelaw, a noted educator and general surgeon. Smithwick served as chairman for nearly 20 years, and was followed by Dr. Richard Egdahl who was recruited from the Medical College of Virginia in 1963. Dr. Egdahl continued to pioneer the clinical research capabilities, and later retired in 1973. In 1997, Dr. Egdahl was named the first Alexander Graham Bell Professor of Entrepreneurial Medicine at BUSM.
Following periods of leadership by Drs. Lester Williams, Peter Mozden, Robert Hobson, Edward Spatz, James Becker, and Gerard Doherty, in 2017 Jennifer F. Tseng, MD, MPH, assumed the position of Surgeon-in-Chief at Boston Medical Center and chair and Utley Professor of Surgery at Boston University School of Medicine.
In March 2017, the Boston Medical Center announced that it had received a $25 million gift, the largest in its history, from John Grayken and his wife, Eilene. The donation will go to the creation of the Grayken Center for Addiction Medicine at BMC. Michael Botticelli was named its director.
Research
The Framingham Heart Study, a longitudinal study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with staff who are faculty at the Boston University School of Medicine, has helped obtained much of our current knowledge about heart disease. The amyloidosis Center at Boston Medical Center is known internationally as a leader in basic and clinical research on amyloidosis. Notably, they pioneered the use of high dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation for patients with AL amyloidosis.
Fiscal Year 2019 Statistics
Supporting services
The hospital has many services, extending beyond traditional medical procedures. With its long history of serving the low-income population, the hospital has programs that include:
The Preventive Food Pantry to which doctors can write prescriptions for food for undernourished patients
A Roof Top Farm, which supplies some of the food used by this Pantry and in BMC's cafeteria
The bWell Center innovative approach to educating and supporting families of the Boston Medical Center Pediatrics Department.
Home visits to ensure patients and their families are following care instructions, and to identify problems at home which may lead to medical conditions
Lawyers on staff to help people navigate government assistance programs, and to deal with landlords who maintain unhealthy conditions
Special counseling and asylum assistance for victims of torture and political persecution
Training for first responders dealing with children who have witnessed violence
Pediatricians giving books to families with children to promote reading
Boston Medical Center (BMC) HealthNet Plan
BMC HealthNet plan earned the #3 rank among Medicaid plans in the nation from the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) in its Medicaid Health Insurance Plan Rankings, 2011–2012. Comprehensive coverage for hospital, primary care, specialty, and behavioral health care are among the benefits and services provided. The Plan also offers extras beyond traditional benefits: all members receive discounts on Weight Watchers® and fitness club memberships plus access to a 24/7 Nurse Advice Line. In addition, MassHealth members receive free car child safety seats and bike helmets for children and manual breast pumps for nursing mothers. BMC HealthNet Plan also operates Well Sense Health Plan, a Medicaid plan in New Hampshire.
Employees
Boston Medical Center employs 5,976 full-time equivalent employees, consisting of more than 1,466 in-house physicians—including 711 residents and fellows—and 1,849 nurses.
In popular culture
Boston University School of Medicine and the Boston Medical Center serve as the setting for Robin Cook's bestselling novel Coma, as well as the film of the same name directed by Michael Crichton.
Boston Medical Center was one of three hospitals used to film the television documentary series Save My Life: Boston Trauma (2014), airing on ABC. The hospital was also one of several later sued in a lawsuit over privacy concerns related to the filming.
The biographical drama film Stronger (2017) centers around Jeff Bauman (played by Jake Gyllenhaal), a victim of the Boston Marathon Bombing who suffers traumatic injuries to both legs and must undergo an emergency double amputation. His medical care and subsequent recovery take place at Boston Medical Center.
See also
A Case of Need
Combat Zone (Boston)
References
Further reading
Ryan, Andrew, "Old morgue finds new life as a clinic for homeless", The Boston Globe, May 31, 2008
External links
Boston Medical Center
Boston University Medical Campus
Boston Medical Center HealthNet Plan
Boston Medical Center Documentary By Rachel Gotbaum. WBUR. 2006 audio documentary on the 10th anniversary of the merger, describing history and innovative programs of BMC. (RealAudio)
Hospitals in Boston
Boston University Medical Campus
Teaching hospitals in Massachusetts
Hospitals established in 1996
Non-profit organizations based in Boston
South End, Boston
Trauma centers |
4019918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunch%20counter | Lunch counter | A lunch counter (also known as a luncheonette) is, in the US, a small restaurant, similar to a diner, where the patron sits on a stool on one side of the counter and the server or person preparing the food serves from the opposite side of the counter, where the kitchen or limited food preparation area is located. As the name suggests, they were primarily used for the lunch meal. Lunch counters were once commonly located inside retail variety stores ("five and dimes" or "five and tens" as they were called in the United States) and smaller department stores. The intent of the lunch counter in a store was to profit from serving hungry shoppers, and to attract people to the store so that they might buy merchandise.
History
Woolworth's, an early five and dime chain of stores, opened their first luncheonette in New Albany, Indiana, around 1923, and expanded rapidly from there. Lunch counters were often found in other dimestores, like Newberry's, S. H. Kress, H.L. Green, W.T. Grant, McLellan's or McCrory's. Members of the retail staff who had taken lunch counter training would staff the counter during lunch time. Typical foods served were hot and cold sandwiches (e.g., ham and cheese, grilled cheese, BLT, patty melt, egg salad), soups, pie, ice cream (including sundaes, ice cream sodas and milkshakes), soda, coffee and hot chocolate. A lunch counter was built into dime-stores in the 1950s, but into the 1960s they lost popularity to fast-food restaurants such as McDonald's and c-stores such as Seven-Eleven and due to the civil rights movement.
During the civil rights movement
Integrating lunch counters in the Southern United States through the use of sit-in political protests in the 1960s was a major accomplishment of the civil rights movement. These involved African Americans and their supporters sitting at the lunch counter in areas designated for "whites only", insisting that they be served food and beverages. The Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, was the site of one of the first such sit-ins in 1960. In recognition of its significance, part of the Greensboro lunch counter has been installed at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History, while the former Woolworth's building is now the site of International Civil Rights Center and Museum.
Gallery
See also
Diner
Jim Crow laws
Food truck
Free lunch
Greasy spoon
Snack bar
Soda jerk
References
Further reading
External links
Restaurants by type
pt:Lanchonete |
4019945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern%20Periphery%20Programme | Northern Periphery Programme | The Northern Periphery Programme or NPP is a European Union-funded scheme to promote cooperation and commonalities amongst the people living in the northern fringe of Europe. The programme provides the opportunity for organisations from the programme area to work together on joint projects concerning common issues and problems. As a result, this programme has collected extensive expertise related to living and working in the far north.
Member nations
The programme covers parts of Sweden, Finland, Norway, Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, as well as all of the Faroes, Iceland, and Greenland. Much of the area sits north of the Arctic Circle, and includes some of the world's northernmost communities. The secretariat of the programme is located in Copenhagen.
Unique minorities in this area include Inuit, Samis and Scottish and Irish Gaels.
See also
Interreg
Arctic Winter Games
External links
Official Northern Periphery Programme website
Civil Service of the European Union |
4019946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Gon%C3%A7alves%20Cerejeira | Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira | Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira, GCC, GCSE, GCIH (29 November 1888, Lousado, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal – 2 August 1977, Buraca, Amadora, Portugal) was a Portuguese cardinal who served as Patriarch of Lisbon from 1929 to 1971. He was the last surviving cardinal elevated by Pope Pius XI, and his cardinalate of forty-eight years was the longest since the fifty-eight-year cardinalate of Henry Benedict Mary Clement Stuart of York which lasted from 1747 to 1805. He took part in three conclaves: in 1939, 1958 and 1963. Although there were seven other cardinals elevated by Pius XI who participated in the 1963 conclave, Cerejeira was the longest-serving living cardinal from the death of Jozef-Ernest van Roey on 6 August 1961 until his own death almost exactly sixteen years later.
Family
Cerejeira was the eldest of three sons and four daughters of Avelino Gonçalves Cerejeira (1857 – 1927), a merchant from Lugar da Serra, and his wife, Joaquina Gonçalves Rebelo (1864 – 1918). His mother had resided at the Parish of Lousado since her childhood and became a country woman (i.e., a peasant woman) upon marriage. Manuel's younger brothers were Júlio (b. 1901), a medical doctor, Joaquim, a lawyer, and António, a university employee. One of his younger sisters was a nun and one was called Carolina.
Early life
He was educated at the seminary in Braga from a young age and became a priest in 1911. Following his ordination, he became a faculty member of the University of Coimbra, during which time he became a respected and revered intellectual and religious figure. He also met António de Oliveira Salazar and the two later became leading figures in the Centro Académico de Democracia Cristã (Academic Centre for Christian Democracy), which supported the Catholic Church's social doctrine.
Career
In 1928, Cerejeira became a bishop and was elevated to the patriarchate of Lisbon the following year, at the age of forty-one. He replaced António Mendes Belo, who had experienced two very different periods during his twenty-year cardinalate: a time of anti-church hostility in the first years of the Portuguese republic and a more church-friendly climate following the military coup of 1926. Cerejeira was appointed cardinal a month after his appointment as patriarch. At the time of his elevation, he became the youngest member of the College of Cardinals. The closest approach was made by António Ribeiro, his successor as Patriarch of Lisbon, who was made a cardinal in 1973, three months before his forty-fifth birthday.
During his extraordinarily long career as Portugal's leading Catholic churchman, Cerejeira often became associated with the authoritarian right-wing Estado Novo. This was the result of his friendship with Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar, who had been a university colleague of his at Coimbra, and his endorsement of many of the Estado Novo's policies. He signed the Concordat of 1940 between Portugal and the Catholic Church. However, although he was considered a conservative, he accepted the Vatican Council II reforms more readily than Salazar. He was criticized for not being more vocal on his support of the Bishop of Porto, António Ferreira Gomes, who was forced to a 10 years exile after having written a critical letter to the Portuguese dictator.
On January 1, 1971, he lost the right to participate in a conclave, having already reached age 80.
Honours
Grand-Cross of the Order of Christ, Portugal (March 5, 1932)
Grand-Cross of the Order of Saint James of the Sword, Portugal (May 14, 1936)
Grand-Cross of the Order of Prince Henry, Portugal (December 27, 1960)
Notes and references
Bibliography
[collection, on centenary of birth of Cerejaira]
Cardinals created by Pope Pius XI
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
20th-century Portuguese cardinals
1888 births
1977 deaths
People from Vila Nova de Famalicão
Archbishops of Lisbon |
4019955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan%20Province | Azerbaijan Province | Azerbaijan Province may refer to:
West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
See also
Azerbaijan (disambiguation)
Province name disambiguation pages |
4019966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne%20Van%20Bemmel | Eugène Van Bemmel | Baron Eugène Van Bemmel (1824–1880) was a Belgian author and educator, born at Ghent. He studied law, but turned to literature. In 1849 he was called to the chair of French literature at the University of Brussels. He was secretary of the Society of Belgian Authors and first director of the Revue Trimestrielle, which he founded in 1854 and which in 1864 became the Revue de Belgique.
Publications
Van Bemmel published:
De la langue et de la poésie provençales (1846)
Voyage à travers champs: la province de Luxembourg (1849)
L'harmonie des passions humaines (1854)
La Belgique illustrée (1855)
Etude sur le monuments druidiques (1857)
Histoire de Saint Josse-ten-Noode (1869)
L'Ourthe et L'Amblève pittoresques (1873)
Patria Belgica (1871–75)
Dom Placide: mémoires du dernier moine de l'Abbaye de Villers (1876), a novel
Histoire de Belgique empruntée textuellement au récits des écrivains contemporains (1880)
Sources
1824 births
1880 deaths
Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) faculty
Belgian writers in French |
4019972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malinda%20Blalock | Malinda Blalock | Sarah Malinda Pritchard Blalock (March 10, 1839 or 1842 – March 9, 1901 or 1903) was a female soldier during the American Civil War. Despite originally being a sympathizer for the right of secession, she fought bravely on both sides. She followed her husband, William Blalock, and joined the CSA's 26th North Carolina Regiment, disguising herself as a young man and calling herself Samuel Blalock. The couple eventually escaped by crossing Confederate lines and joining the Union partisans in the mountains of western North Carolina. During the last years of the war, she was a pro-Union marauder raiding the Appalachia region. Today she is one of the most remembered female combatants of the Civil War.
Early life and marriage
Sarah Pritchard was born March 10, 1839, in Caldwell County, North Carolina (now part of Avery County) which is located in the steep region of Grandfather Mountain. Sarah Pritchard was the daughter of John and Elizabeth Pritchard, and the sixth of nine children.
When she was a child, Sarah Pritchard resided in Watauga County (also now Avery County) which was her main residence until her death. There, she attended a single-room schoolhouse.
She became a close friend of William McKesson Blalock, nicknamed "Keith" after a contemporary boxer, due to his skill at boxing. Despite their families having been rivals for many years, she married William in 1861, aged 19.
Civil War
After the Civil War began, the western North Carolina communities in the Appalachian Mountains were divided over their political adherences. Neighbors and families argued with each other. Originally Malinda expressed her sympathy for the right of secession, but Keith and his stepfather Austin Coffey were ardent unionists, although Keith was opposed to President Lincoln, and they had planned to desert toward the Union someday. The Blalocks' opposing views did not affect their marriage.
When the Confederate 26th North Carolina Infantry, commanded by Colonel Zebulon Vance, showed up in the region to recruit, Keith began to plan an escape across the frontier from his local political enemies. He was hesitant about whether to flee directly toward Kentucky or enroll temporarily with the Confederate Army to desert across the enemy lines later.
Keith also considered the consequences of an untimely escape on Malinda, fearful that local distaste of his actions would cause her to be scapegoated in his absence. Spurred by the good pay in serving the "Greys", Keith trusted that he would receive a light military commission, possibly to northern Virginia for example, from where it would be easy to desert to the nearest "Yankee" regiment. He accompanied his neighbors to the recruitment office, signing up with the Confederate infantry.
Samuel Blalock
Fearing for Malinda, Keith had made sure that all local secessionists would see him leaving with the Confederates. However, when arriving at the enlistment gathering at the town's railroad depot, someone began to walk by his side, a mysterious recruit who was wearing a forage cap and had a particularly little physique and delicate features. Surprisingly, "He" turned out to be Malinda, his own wife.
Malinda was officially registered on March 20 of 1862 at Lenoir, North Carolina, as "Samuel 'Sammy' Blalock", Keith's 20-year-old brother. This document and her discharge papers survive as one of the few existing records of a female soldier from North Carolina, from the many ones who may have actually served.
Confederate military life
Their plan to defect proved unworkable because, already before their arrival, the 26th had fought its biggest battle, which was the loss to the Union of the town of New Bern in eastern North Carolina. Instead of moving to Virginia's battlefront, they remained stationed far from the northern frontier at Kinston, North Carolina, on the Neuse River.
While maintaining her hidden identity, Malinda was a good soldier. One of their assistant surgeons, named Underwood, pointed out that "her disguise was never penetrated. She drilled and did the duties of a soldier as any other member of the Company, and was very adept at learning the manual and drill."
Later Keith became a respected brevet sergeant, ordering Malinda then to "stay close to him". They fought in three battles together, but "Samuel"'s true identity remained still unknown.
The desertion
In April 1862, Keith's squad received the order to range the Neuse River's region by fording it during the night, to detect any enemy guarding-posts. Their ultimate objective was to track down the location of a particular Union regiment commanded by US General Ambrose Burnside.
At one point of the mission, a hard skirmish began. Most of Keith's squad retreated to safety, crossing back over the Neuse River. However, after regrouping, it was found that "Samuel" was missing. Keith promptly returned to the battlefield. He found Malinda clinging to a pine and bleeding profusely, with a bullet lodged in her left shoulder.
As quickly as he could, Keith carried Malinda back to the 26th. He brought her to the infirmary tent where she was attended by its surgeon, Dr. Thomas J. Boykin. The bullet was successfully removed, but the truth about "Samuel" was discovered during the medical examination.
After obtaining a promise from Boykin that he would spare them some time before reporting, Keith went to a nearby field of poison ivy. He stripped his clothes and flailed through the underbrush for about half an hour.
The next morning, he suffered a persistent fever while his affected skin was inflamed and covered by blisters. Keith told the doctors that he had a serious recurrent illness which was highly contagious, adding the ailment of a hernia also. Fearing an outbreak of smallpox, the doctors discharged Keith expeditiously from the regiment and confined him to his tent.
Malinda would remain stranded in the camp because her recent wound didn't yet merit a discharge. She decided to confront Colonel Vance once and for all. She offered herself as a volunteer to aid the sick Sergeant Keith on his return to Watauga. Vance's response was a clear "no", communicating to "Samuel" that instead "he" would be his new personal orderly.
At that point Malinda decided to tell Vance the truth. Vance's first reaction was of disbelief while calling the surgeon and commenting to him: "Oh Surgeon, have I a case for you!" However, the physician corroborated Malinda's statement. Immediately, Vance discharged "Samuel" and demanded the restitution of "his" original enlisting reward of 50 dollars.
Marauders
Malinda and her husband could return to Watauga then. Once there, though, Keith was soon required by the local Confederate forces, which demanded that he enlist again—after noting his healthy status—and return to the front. Otherwise, he would be judged by the new Confederate laws of military draft.
Therefore, Malinda and Keith fled again, toward Grandfather Mountain. There, they found more local deserters in the same condition. They stayed with them until the Confederate Army intercepted the group, injuring Keith in his arm.
Malinda and Keith moved then to Tennessee, where they joined the US-10th Michigan Cavalry of Colonel George Washington Kirk, who was later succeeded by General George Stoneman. For some time, Keith accomplished some administrative chores as a recruitment agent.
However, the couple decided to enter in action again, this time for the Union, by joining Colonel Kirk's voluntary guerrilla squadrons, the 3rd North Carolina Mounted Infantry, on scouting and raiding missions throughout the Appalachia region of North Carolina.
With Malinda next to him, Keith began in Blowing Rock, North Carolina, as one of the leaders of the guides for the Watauga Underground Railroad. This was a way of escape from the Confederate jail at Salisbury, North Carolina, which was the largest facility of the state. Keith had to guide the escaped Union soldiers to safety in Tennessee. However, from 1863 on, the skirmishes against the patrolling enemy forces in the region were increasingly tougher.
Keith's pro-union guerrilla forces began to raid Watauga County. Because once they had been harshly humbled by the southern loyalists, the outlaws pitilessly raided their farms, stole and killed. Marauding throughout North Carolina's Appalachia region, they were soon feared by the entire state.
In 1863 Malinda realised she was pregnant, so she travelled to Tennessee to stay with another of the marauder's wives. Giving birth to a son on 8 April, 1864, she spent some time with relatives in the area before leaving her young son with them and returning to military activities.
Confederate vigilantes then murdered Keith's stepfather, Austin Coffey, and one of Austin's four brothers (William), while the other two survived the attack. The Coffeys had been betrayed by some local folks who were found and killed by Keith after the war.
During the war, some of the most ill-fated actions of Malinda and Keith were their two pillaging incursions to the Moore family's farm in Caldwell County, late in 1863. One of Moore's sons, James Daniel, was the 26th's officer who recruited them originally. In the first incursion, Malinda was injured in her shoulder. During the second one, Moore's son was at home, recovering after the Battle of Gettysburg, while Keith got a shot in his eye and lost it.
During the war, Keith lost the use of a hand. He also murdered one of his uncles who had turned to the Confederacy.
Later life
After the war, Malinda and Keith returned to Watauga, to live the rest of their lives as farmers, with their four children. For some time, they had troubles getting Keith's government pension. Afterward, they joined the Republican Party where, in 1870, Keith ran unsuccessfully for a place in the Congress of the United States.
Sarah Malinda Pritchard Blalock died in 1903 due to natural causes while she was sleeping. She was buried in the Montezuma Cemetery of Avery County. Very affected, Keith moved to Hickory, North Carolina, taking his son Columbus with him.
On April 11, 1913, Keith died in a railroad accident. He lost control of his handcar on a curve, and was crushed to death. Some versions attribute his death to a local payback for his past years with Malinda. He was buried beside her at Montezuma Cemetery. His stone badge reads: "Keith Blalock, Soldier, 26th N.C Inf., CSA."
See also
List of female American Civil War soldiers
List of wartime cross-dressers
Deborah Sampson, impersonated a man to fight during the American War of Independence
Notes
References
Bibliography
The Civil War Book of List, Combined Books,1993 pages 179–182
Two stories of Malinda Blalock whose name was also sometimes spelled Blaylock
Blanton, DeAnne, and Lauren M. Cook. They Fought Like Demons: Women Soldiers in the American Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002.
Frank, Lisa Tendrich. Women in the American Civil War. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 2008.
Harper, Judith E. Women During the Civil War: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Simkins, Francis Butler and James Welch Patton. The Women of the Confederacy. Richmond: Garrett and Massie, Incorporated, 1936.
External links
"What part am I to act in this great drama?
DeAnne Blanton – Women soldiers of the Civil War.
K.G. Schneider – Women soldiers of the Civil War.
Women in the Ranks: Concealed Identities in Civil War Era North Carolina.
Keith and Malinda Blalock.
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain
People from Avery County, North Carolina
People from Watauga County, North Carolina
Confederate States Army soldiers
Female wartime cross-dressers in the American Civil War
North Carolina Republicans |
4019987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berg%20aan%20de%20Maas | Berg aan de Maas | Berg, often called Berg aan de Maas, is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Stein, and lies about 6 km northwest of Geleen.
The village was first mentioned in 1294-1295 as "apud Berge", and means "hill on the Maas". Berg aan de Maas was home to 468 people in 1840.
Berg is situated on the right bank of the river Meuse, Maas in Dutch. The opposite, left bank of the Meuse is Belgian territory, municipality Dilsen-Stokkem. There is a ferry between Berg and Dilsen-Stokkem.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Stein, Limburg |
4019993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berg%2C%20Valkenburg | Berg, Valkenburg | Berg (; ) is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Valkenburg aan de Geul, and lies about 7 km east of Maastricht.
The village was first mentioned in 1139 as Berga, and means hill. Berg is located on the plateau of Margraten and used to be long to the .
The St Monulphus and Gondulphus Church is a three-aisled church made out of chalk stone. It was built between 1931 and 1933.
Berg was home to 314 people in 1840. Until 1982, Berg and the neighbouring hamlet of Terblijt constituted the municipality of Berg en Terblijt, which also covered the small hamlets of Geulhem and Vilt.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)
Valkenburg aan de Geul
fr:Berg#Toponymes |
4019995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Big%20Ballot | The Big Ballot | The 1st Annual Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards, also known as The Big Ballot, was presented over four episodes of Nickelodeon's movie review program Rated K: For Kids by Kids which aired in 1987. Unlike its successor, the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards, the show was less of a televised live event, and more of a pre-produced program. The trophy in this show was a golden teleidoscope. The in-studio hosts for the show were Matt Nespole, Rebecca Schwager, and Mark Shanahan.
History and format
The show was conceived as a way to "honor kids' opinions about movies and television", furthering Nickelodeon's campaign at the time of being a network that was "for kids, by kids". Ballots for the show's awards were cast via mail, and then the winners would tape a thank you video that was shown during the program. These videos were introduced, and broken up by "link" segments, featuring the Rated K cast. While The Big Ballot was seen as a success, producers Alan Goodman, Albie Hecht, and Fred Seibert were brought in to rebrand and re-launch the award show the following year, modeling future KCA's after MTV's Video Music Awards, which was under the same banner network umbrella now that Nickelodeon had been purchased by Viacom.
Winners and nominees
Below is a complete list of nominees and partial list of winners. Winners are listed first, in bold. Other nominees are in alphabetical order.
Movies
The winners were announced on March 28, 1987.
Television
The winners were announced on April 4, 1987.
Music
The winners were announced on April 11, 1987.
Sports
The winners were announced on April 18, 1987.
References
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
1987 television awards
March 1987 events in the United States
April 1987 events in the United States |
4020018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP%20Scientific | CAP Scientific | CAP Scientific Ltd was a British defence software company, and was part of CAP (Computer Analysts and Programmers)] Group plc. In 1988, CAP Group merged with the French firm Sema-Metra SA in 1988 as Sema Group plc. In 1991 Sema Group put most of its defence operations (CAP Scientific Ltd and YARD Ltd) into joint venture with British Aerospace called BAeSEMA, which British Aerospace bought out in 1998. Parts of the former CAP Scientific are now BAE Systems Insyte).
Formation of CAP Scientific
CAP Scientific was formed in 1979 by four colleagues who had previously worked in Scicon, a BP subsidiary. Seeking to start a specialist software company for defence applications in the United Kingdom, they approached CAP-CPP, a commercial software house, to back a start-up operation.
By 1985, CAP Scientific had established significant work in several areas. It had a strong naval business based on supporting the Admiralty Research Establishment. This Maritime Technology business applied the technologies fostered in research contracts on major development programmes. CAP worked with Vosper Thornycroft Controls to develop machinery control and surveillance systems for the Royal Navy's new generation ships and submarines.
An associated Naval Command Systems business had built a strong Action Information Organisation design team, working with both surface and submarine fleets, and a Land Air Systems business also took research and development contracts and was prime contractor for the British Army's Brigade and Battlegroup Trainer (BBGT). The non-defence scientific sector was addressed by setting a Scientific Systems business with expertise in energy generation and conservation. In that year, CAP Scientific established the Centre for Operational Research and Defence Analysis (CORDA) as an independent unit to provide impartial assistance for investment appraisal.
At that time military computer systems were purpose-built by major contractors, and CAP Scientific's strategy was to form joint ventures with companies which had market access but could not afford the investment to move into the new technology of microprocessors and distributed systems.
The Falklands breakthrough, and DCG
In its early years, CAP Scientific took time to establish itself, but in 1982 there came a breakthrough. While the UK was mustering its naval taskforce for the Falklands War, it became clear that for some purposes the Royal Navy needed more computational power. An Urgent Operational Requirement was raised to provide improved fire control solutions for RN Sub-Harpoon. Working in frantic haste, CAP's engineers were able to add an experimental Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-8 installation into a Royal Navy submarine before she sailed to the South Atlantic. This was one of the first examples of commercial off-the-shelf equipment being employed for military use. The success of this experimental deployment led to the development of a standard RN submarine fit, DCG, which allowed extra processing power to be added to submarine command systems.
SMCS and Gresham-CAP
By its prompt response to the needs of the Falklands War, CAP Scientific demonstrated its ability to supply naval computer technology. With the decision to build the new to carry the Trident missile system, the UK Ministry of Defence proceeded for the first time to run an open competition for the command system. In 1983, CAP Scientific teamed with Gresham-Lion, a British manufacturer of torpedo launch control equipment and now part of Ultra Electronics plc, to form a special purpose company, Gresham-CAP Ltd, to bid for the system. Up to that point all RN ships and submarines had command systems built by Ferranti using custom-built electronics. Gresham-CAP offered a novel distributed processing system based on commercial off-the-shelf components and utilising a modular software architecture largely written in the Ada programming language. The Gresham-CAP consortium won the bid, and their solution, known as Submarine Command System (SMCS) became the basis for subsequent products from the company.
The choice of Intel 80386 processors and MultiBus, when many competing chips were available and the PC had only recently reached the market, showed foresight as the basic architecture remains in service today on RN submarines. (The choice of an array of INMOS Transputer chips to process sonar tracking data was less successful - whilst they did the job, the lack of long term support / future product line meant they have been phased out once general purpose processors were able to fulfill the role.)
The impact of this still-young company displacing one of the great names of British electronics in the Royal Navy shocked the industry and can be seen as one of the first open competitions in modern British defence procurement and followed a long post-war period of 'preferred contractor' policies.
The founders of CAP Scientific sold their complete shareholding to CAP-CPP, which subsequently listed on the London Stock Exchange as CAP Group plc. In June 1986, the Group acquired YARD (Yarrow-Admiralty Research Department) Ltd, a marine engineering consultancy, formerly part of Yarrow Shipbuilders, based in Glasgow.
DNA (SSCS) and Merger
The Falklands War prompted a further competition in British naval equipment supply when an analysis of the loss of showed that improvements were necessary in surface ship combat systems. A contract for the command system for the navy's new Type 23 frigates was cancelled and put out to competition, and after a long campaign was awarded to the CAP and Gresham consortium, teamed with Racal Electronics. The consortium developed the architecture of SMCS to create a derivative distributed system known internally as Surface-Ship Command System (SSCS). By now Gresham-Lion was under Dowty ownership and CAP Group had merged with the French company SEMA-METRA SA to form Sema Group plc.
The Type 23 command system proved to be a step too far for Sema Scientific, as it was now called. The enormous fixed-price contract overran, causing problems for both Sema and Dowty. Dowty was taken over by TI Group, who sold their interests in Dowty-Sema back to Sema Group for £1. Sema Group invited British Aerospace in as a co-investor in the business, and the activities which once formed CAP Scientific, Gresham-CAP and YARD, together with some BAe interests were merged in 1991 into a new entity, BAeSEMA. Ultimately, BAe purchased Sema Group's interest in BAeSEMA. Ironically, with the BAe/Marconi Electronic Systems merger to form BAE Systems in 1999, the CAP Scientific business found itself under the same parent as its erstwhile competitor Ferranti.
References
Defence companies of the United Kingdom
Defunct companies of the United Kingdom
Software companies of the United Kingdom
Software companies established in 1979
Software companies disestablished in 1988
British companies established in 1979
British companies disestablished in 1988 |
4020025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrick%20Johnson%20%28cornerback%29 | Derrick Johnson (cornerback) | Derrick Johnson (born February 9, 1982) is a former American football cornerback. He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the sixth round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He played college football at Washington.
As a rookie, Johnson played in 14 games, starting in 5, recording 41 total tackles, 1 sack, 4 passes defended and 1 fumble recovered, which he returned a Marcel Shipp fumble 78 yards for a touchdown against Arizona, Oct 2, 2005 in Mexico City.
Johnson has also been a member of the Houston Texans, Atlanta Falcons, Miami Dolphins, Seattle Seahawks and Saskatchewan Roughriders.
Early years
Johnson attended Notre Dame High School in Riverside, California where he lettered in football and also competed in track. As a senior in 1999, Johnson rushed for 1,990 yards with 39 touchdowns, and also had 586 yards receiving. For his efforts, he was the De Anza League most valuable player as well as all-CIF, all-county and Small Schools all-state selections.
Coming out of high school, Johnson was a member of the Tacoma News-Tribune 's "Western 100" and a PrepStar All-Region pick at running back. He was ranked by PrepStar as the No. 9 running back in the West Region and ranked 37th in SuperPrep's California/Hawaii/Nevada 152.
Post playing career
Johnson took up coaching after his playing days ended, coaching at California Military Institute, Canyon Springs High School and then at his alma mater, Notre Dame. In 2015, Johnson led the Titans to an undefeated 14-0 CIF SS Northwest Division Championship. The team also appeared in a state bowl game, the first time in school history. After two League championships, Johnson would resign and ultimately take on an assistant position at San Bernardino Valley College.
See also
Washington Huskies football statistical leaders
External links
Saskatchewan Roughriders bio
Washington Huskies bio
1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Riverside, California
American football cornerbacks
Washington Huskies football players
San Francisco 49ers players
Houston Texans players
Atlanta Falcons players
Miami Dolphins players
Seattle Seahawks players
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Players of American football from Riverside, California
Players of Canadian football from California |
4020033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly%20Hampton | Kimberly Hampton | Kimberly Nicole Hampton (August 18, 1976 – January 2, 2004) was a captain in the United States Army and the first female military pilot in United States history to be shot down and killed as a result of hostile fire. She was also the first woman from South Carolina to die in the Iraq War.
Biography
Early life
Hampton was born on August 18, 1976, in Greenville, South Carolina, the only child of Dale and Ann Hampton. She was childhood friends with former Philadelphia 76ers general manager Sam Hinkie. Growing up in Easley, South Carolina, she graduated from Easley High School, where she had served as the student body president, CO of the NJROTC unit, and captain of the tennis team. Hampton began her college career playing tennis for Furman University. She went on to be an honors graduate and champion tennis player at Presbyterian College. Hampton led the school team, the Blue Hose, to three consecutive South Atlantic Conference women's tennis tournament titles. She was undefeated in three years of conference singles play. She won the SAC awards for Women's Tennis Player of the Year in 1997 and 1998, and Female Athlete of the Year in 1998.
Military career
Hampton joined the United States Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) while in college. As a senior, she became only the second woman to serve as the school's ROTC battalion commander. Upon graduation, she attended flight training and Aviation Officer Basic Course at Fort Rucker, Alabama, where she completed the training with honors. She served two years in South Korea, and also in Afghanistan as part of the United States forces in Operation Enduring Freedom. Hampton was assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, North Carolina before becoming the commander of Delta Troop, 1st Squadron, 17th Cavalry Regiment prior to the unit's deployment to Iraq as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom in September 2003.
Death and burial
Hampton died when the OH-58D Kiowa Warrior helicopter she was flying was shot down near Fallujah, Iraq on January 2, 2004. Captain Hampton was the first female military pilot in United States history to be shot down and killed as a result of hostile fire. She was also the first female combat casualty in Iraq from South Carolina. Captain Hampton's resting place is located in the cemetery section just east of the bell tower at Robinson Memorial Gardens on Powdersville Road near her hometown of Easley, South Carolina.
Honors
Hampton was posthumously awarded the Bronze Star, Air Medal, and Purple Heart. On June 10, 2004, she was inducted into the South Atlantic Conference hall of fame. The South Carolina branch of the United States Tennis Association renamed its Tiger Hustle Award after Hampton. Presented to the most improved girl in the 12-and-under age division of the Wachovia Palmetto Championships, the renamed award was first presented in June 2004. The Easley High School NJROTC unit also named an award after her. In 2005, the Pickens County Public Library—Easley location—and the section of South Carolina Highway 88 were also named in her honor.
Since 2006, Presbyterian College has annually presented a scholarship to an ROTC student in Hampton's name.
Book
Kimberly Hampton's mother Ann Hampton and journalist Anna Simon wrote a book about Kimberly titled KIMBERLY'S FLIGHT: The Story of Captain Kimberly Hampton, America's First Woman Combat Pilot Killed in Battle. It was first published in May 2012.
References
External links
Captain Kimberly Hampton Memorial Foundation website in memory of Captain Kimberly Hampton and in service to military families.
Kentucky Legislature resolution in memory of Captain Hampton.
South Carolina General Assembly resolution in memory of Captain Hampton.
Captain Kimberly Hampton Memorial Library in Easley
American Flag Pole Marker Dedicated to Captain Hampton
1976 births
2004 deaths
People from Greenville, South Carolina
Presbyterian College alumni
United States Army officers
Women in the United States Army
Military personnel from South Carolina
United States Army aviators
American women aviators
Recipients of the Air Medal
American military personnel killed in the Iraq War
United States Army personnel of the Iraq War
21st-century American women |
4020034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meem | Meem | Meem is the letter Mem (also known as Meem / Mim), the thirteenth letter of many Semitic language abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic
Meem may also refer to:
Gilbert S. Meem (1824-1908), Virginia politician and Confederate brigadier general
John Gaw Meem (1894-1983), American architect
Meem (bank), the retail banking arm of Gulf International Bank
The commonly used phonetic pronunciation of the abbreviation for the Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics building at Michigan Technological University
Bidya Sinha Saha Mim, Bangladeshi actress
See also
Meme (disambiguation) |
4020042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital%20Development%20Authority%20%28Islamabad%29 | Capital Development Authority (Islamabad) | Capital Development Authority (, abbreviated as CDA), is a public benefit corporation responsible for providing municipal services in Islamabad Capital Territory. The CDA was established on 14 June 1960 by executive order entitled Pakistan Capital Regulation. As of 2016, most of CDA's municipal services and departments have been transferred to the newly created Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation, although CDA is still in charge of estate management, project execution and sector developments.
History
Yahya Khan was designated its first Chairman, when he was a Lieutenant General.
Responsibilities and services
Act as Regulatory Authority
Building Code Standards.
Environment Standards.
Public Safety Standards.
Maintenance
Local Roads Maintenance and Repair Work.
Public Infrastructure Maintenance.
Garbage Collection
Developer and Planner
Further expansion of Islamabad, Future planning
Township
CDA Model School
The Capital Development Authority developed the CDA Model School in Islamabad in 1970.
Controversies
Since 2014, the CDA has been targeting and demolishing illegal slums who are largely occupied by Christians in Islamabad. The Supreme Court put on hold the demolitions and ordered from the CDA a written justification to it. The CDA's replied that "Most of these katchi abadies [slums] are under the occupation of the Christian community." "It seems this pace of occupation of land by Christian community may increase. Removal of katchi abadies is very urgent to provide [a] better environment to the citizen[s] of Islamabad and to protect the beauty of Islamabad." Various human rights activists condemned the response.
See also
Cabinet Secretariat Department
Model Town Humak
CDA Model School
Developments in Islamabad
References
External links
CDA Official Website
Pakistan federal departments and agencies
Government of Islamabad
1960 establishments in Pakistan
Public benefit corporations
Urban development authorities |
4020043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannobio | Cannobio | Cannobio is a town and comune on the river Cannobino and the shore of Lago Maggiore in Piedmont, Italy.
History
The local inhabitants probably became subject to Roman rule by the time of the emperor Augustus. Sarcophagi from the 2nd–3rd century CE have been found and conserved in the "Palazzo della Ragione".
The first documented mention of Cannobio dates to 909. During medieval times, the town became a center for wool and tanning industries, as well as the lumber trade. Cannobio was named as a village by 1207, and was granted administrative autonomy. The Palazzo della Ragione was constructed by 1291 under the government of the podestà Ugolino da Mandello.
Cannobio was assigned to the archdiocese of Milan and from 1817 was under the authority of the bishop of Novara. Its "pieve" comprised the areas of Cannobina, Cannero, Brissago and several areas on the eastern side of the lake. The church of St. Vittore, already present in 1076, and with a bell tower from the 13th century, was completely rebuilt between 1733 and 1749. Autonomous rule for the community of Cannobio and its valley came about in 1342, with the spontaneous submission to Luchino and Giovanni Visconti, lords of Milan. From then on, its administration remained closely connected to that of the Duchy of Milan.
In 1522 a painting of the Virgin Mary allegedly started bleeding. Shortly after this apparition, a plague swept through the area devastating lakeside and valley towns and villages, but leaving Cannobio relatively unscathed. Religious minds linked these two events and Cardinal Charles Borromeo ordered a chapel to be built to hold the painting which is still there today.
The economy went through a renewal in the 15th and 16th centuries. The built-up area spread from the original nucleus (the village) down towards the lake. Large residences were built including the Omacini and Pironi palaces.
During the Risorgimento the town repelled an Austrian attack from the lake (27–28 May 1859) and was visited by Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1862. The opening of the lakeside road to the Swiss border in 1863 created favorable conditions for the arrival of factories, including silk mills.
In 1927 the territory of the comune of Cannobio was extended to incorporate some small villages in the vicinity (Traffiume, Sant’Agata, San Bartolomeo). During the Second World War the people of Cannobio rose up against the Nazi and fascist regime, from 2 to 9 September 1944, and proclaimed the Republic of the Ossola. Since the end of the war the community has undergone further changes. From 1995 the town has come within the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola.
Main sights
The large lakefront piazza named after King Victor Emmanuel III was given a major refurbishment when in the winter of 2003–04 it was completely relaid in cobblestones and granite slabs. Also added was of a set of wide flagstone steps down to the lake, where people may sit and watch the lake steamers come and go from the landing stages nearby, and the sailing boats and wind-surfers skimming across the lake.
Some of the buildings both on the lakefront and further back in the old part of town date back over 600 years, from when Cannobio was a renowned smuggling town, and most of these have been restored in fine style.
From one, Giuseppe Garibaldi addressed the people of Cannobio in 1859, and on another stands a plaque celebrating an important event in Cannobio in 1627. Each building is painted a different colour, creating a traditional Italian port scene. To one side of the Piazza is Cannobio’s old harbour, which houses the sailing, rowing and speedboats belonging to the locals.
The Santuario della Pietà church commemorates the events of 1522, when a painting of the Virgin Mary was believed to have bled. With its open dome it stands by the lakeside. The painting itself is now housed in another church in the town, and though it is not removed itself, a "Sacra Costa", representing the painting, is processed through the streets on 7 January every year.
Cannobio has its own "Lido" at the north end of town with a large sandy beach. The beach has a European Union Blue Flag for its cleanliness and facilities.
References
External links
http://www.cannobio.net/
Official Tourism Gateway Lake Maggiore Official Tourism Gateway
Cannobio - shore of Lake Maggiore
Cannobio photographs
Cannobio on Lake Maggiore - Information |
4020048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelisse | Pelisse | A pelisse was originally a short fur-trimmed jacket which hussar light-cavalry soldiers from the 17th century onwards usually wore hanging loose over the left shoulder, ostensibly to prevent sword cuts. The name also came to refer to a fashionable style of woman's coat worn in the early-19th century.
Military uniform
The style of uniform incorporating the pelisse originated with the hussar mercenaries of Hungary in the 17th Century. As this type of light cavalry unit became popular in Western Europe, so too did their dress. In the 19th century pelisses were in use throughout most armies in Europe, and even some in North and South America.
In appearance the pelisse was characteristically a very short and extremely tight fitting (when worn) jacket, the cuffs and collar of which were trimmed with fur. The jacket was further decorated with patterns sewn in bullion lace, often in a pattern matching that of the dolman worn beneath it. The front of the jacket was distinctive and typically featured several rows of parallel froggings and loops, and either three or five vertical lines of buttons. For officers of the British Hussars this frogging, regimentally differentiated, was generally of gold or silver bullion lace, to match either gold (gilt) or silver buttons. Other ranks had either yellow lace with brass buttons or white lace with "white-metal" (nickel) buttons. Lacing varied from unit to unit and country to country. It was held in place by a lanyard. In cold weather the pelisse could be worn over the dolman.
The prevalence of this style began to wane towards the end of the 19th century, but it was still in use by some cavalry regiments in the Imperial German, Russian and Austro-Hungarian armies up until World War I. In the Prussian Army the pelisse had been abolished in 1853 but between 1865 and 1913 it was reintroduced for ceremonial wear by nine hussar regiments and the Life-Guard Hussar Regiment, usually at the request of the regimental Colonel-in-Chief. The two hussar regiments of the Spanish Army retained pelisses until 1931. The Danish Garderhusarregimentet are the only modern military unit to retain this distinctive item of dress, as part of their mounted full-dress uniform.
Ladies fashion
In early 19th-century Europe, when military clothing was often used as inspiration for fashionable ladies' garments, the term was applied to a woman's long, fitted coat with set-in sleeves and the then-fashionable Empire waist. Although initially these Regency-era pelisses copied the Hussars' fur and braid, they soon lost these initial associations, and in fact were often made entirely of silk and without fur at all. They did, however, tend to retain traces of their military inspiration with frog fastenings and braid trim.
Pelisses lost even this superficial resemblance to their origins as skirts and sleeves widened in the 1830s, and the increasingly enormous crinolines of the 1840s and '50s caused fashionable women to turn to loose mantles, cloaks, and shawls instead.
Depending on the season, the pelisse was made of cotton, silk, or wool and trimmed-usually on the collar, center front edges, cuffs, and hem – with fur, swansdown, lace, velvet, fringe, or silk plush.
See also
Redingote
Witzchoura
References
External links
Coat (Pelisse), 1800-1815, in the Staten Island Historical Society Online Collections Database
17th-century fashion
18th-century fashion
19th-century fashion
20th-century fashion
Robes and cloaks
History of clothing (Western fashion)
Hungarian clothing
History of clothing
Military uniforms |
4020057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field%2C%20Minneapolis | Field, Minneapolis | Field is a neighborhood in the Nokomis community in south Minneapolis, Minnesota. The neighborhood is bordered by East 46th Street on the north, Chicago Avenue on the east, Minnehaha Parkway on the south, and Interstate 35W on the west. Field shares a neighborhood organization with the Regina and Northrop neighborhoods.
Field takes its name from a local school, which in turn was named for Eugene Field, a writer of children's poetry. The largely-residential neighborhood is characterized by small, two-bedroom, pre-1940s homes made from stucco, brick, and stone. Chicago Avenue is the main commercial thoroughfare in the neighborhood. Field is home to the Arthur and Edith Lee House historic place.
References
External links
Minneapolis Neighborhood Profile - Field
Field Regina Northrop Neighborhood Group
Neighborhoods in Minneapolis |
4020073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Edgeworth%20Courtenay | Thomas Edgeworth Courtenay | Thomas Edgeworth Courtenay (April 19, 1822 – September 3, 1875) was a member of the Confederate Secret Service and the inventor of the coal torpedo, a bomb disguised as a lump of coal that was used to attack Union steam-powered warships and transports.
Birth and early life
Thomas Edgeworth Courtenay was born in Belfast, Ireland, the youngest of 6 children. He was distantly related to the Courtenay family who held the title Earls of Devon and were seated at Powderham Castle in Exeter, and was a distant cousin to the novelist Maria Edgeworth, but his own family was not well-to-do. His oldest brother inherited the family property and his other siblings had all come to America to seek a better life. Courtenay came to the United States in 1842, first staying with his brother William in Vicksburg, Mississippi, before settling down in St. Louis, Missouri. He and his brother were brokers, shipping supplies down the Mississippi River to plantation owners, and buying their cotton for shipment to England. Thomas also established himself as an insurance agent, selling fire, marine, and life insurance from an office at the corner of Main and Olive streets in St. Louis.
In January, 1860, Courtenay was appointed sheriff of St. Louis county to fill out the term of Sheriff Cere, who had died in office. The office dealt mainly with civil matters such as foreclosures and sheriff's sales. Courtenay did not run for election to a full term as sheriff and was out of office by the end of August. When he left office, there was a significant shortfall in the books of the sheriff's office. Courtenay blamed the problem on his chief deputy, but the matter was Courtenay's responsibility, and the unresolved debt put a damper on his business efforts. When the Civil War broke out, he moved his family to relatives in Harford County, Maryland and established a new insurance office in Baltimore.
The Civil War
In 1863 Courtenay returned to St. Louis to pursue a lawsuit against his former deputy for recovery of the funds missing from the sheriff's office. It became clear that the suit was hopeless and that he would be held financially responsible. Moreover, the Union authorities were suspicious that Courtenay was a rebel sympathizer, due to his business dealings in the South. In fact, Courtenay was a Confederate sympathizer, and had written to Confederate Secretary of War Leroy Pope Walker in May, 1861, offering to act as a purchasing agent for Confederate supplies in the Trans-Mississippi Department.
With no prospect of recovering his business in St. Louis and his family well cared for in Maryland, Courtenay turned to the Confederacy. He obtained a volunteer appointment to General Sterling Price's staff, although exactly what he was doing is unknown.
In August 1863, Courtenay approached Price with a plan to attack Union shipping by means of an explosive device disguised as a lump of coal, the coal torpedo. The coal bombs would be planted in the coal piles used to fuel Union steamships and locomotives by a team of operatives working behind enemy lines. When a coal bomb was shovelled into the firebox, it would explode, resulting in the explosion of the pressurized steam boiler and the destruction of the vessel. Courtenay was sent to Richmond, Virginia carrying military dispatches, and he remained in Richmond to implement his plan. He first wrote to Confederate President Jefferson Davis on November 30, 1863, explaining his scheme. Davis approved and forwarded Courtenay's letter to Secretary of War James A. Seddon, who arranged for the castings to be made by the army artillery shop in January, 1864.
Courtenay was motivated by a Confederate Bounty Law that offered a reward of up to 50% of the value of Union shipping destroyed by means of new inventions. However, the Confederacy had not established a legal framework that would allow private citizens to conduct attacks that were essentially military in nature. A secret bill authorizing the formation of independent secret service corps was passed by the Confederate Congress on February 15, 1864. Courtenay was given a captain's commission in the Confederate Army and permission to form a Secret Service Corps of up to 25 men. The Corps was authorized to attack any Union military vessel or transport carrying military goods found in Confederate waters, but was forbidden to attack civilian shipping or Union shipping in Northern waters. Courtenay would not draw a regular Army salary, but would receive up to 50% of the value of ships and cargo destroyed or captured, payable in Confederate war bonds.
Courtenay planned to purchase a coal barge and seed it with coal torpedoes, as a means of getting his bombs into the ships of the Union blockading fleet, but the plan either failed, or was never carried out. Unfortunately for Courtenay, Confederate correspondence giving details of the plan was captured and Courtenay and his associates became wanted men. Union Admiral of the Mississippi David D. Porter ordered, "I have given orders to commanders of vessels not to be very particular about the treatment of any of these deperadoes if caught—only summary punishment will be effective."
Captain Courtenay obtained permission from President Davis to leave the country and go to the UK to raise money for the Confederacy. Courtenay kept in contact with his corps, and directed their actions from abroad. The coal torpedo was credited with sinking the Greyhound, a private steamboat that had been commandeered by General Butler for use as a floating headquarters on the James River, on November 27, 1864. Courtenay also took credit for the destruction of the gunboat USS Chenango as she sailed from New York Navy Yard on April 15, 1864.
After the war
While in England, Courtenay attempted to sell his coal torpedo to a number of foreign governments, including England, France, Spain, and Turkey, all without success. He returned to the United States in 1868, but he was in poor health for the rest of his life, and died at the age of 53 at Jordan's Sulphur Springs near Winchester, Virginia, on September 3, 1875. He is buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery in Baltimore, Maryland.
Marriage and children
Thomas Edgeworth Courtenay married Mildred Ann Clendenin on August 25, 1847 in Louisville, Kentucky. Mildred's father, James Clendenin, was a merchant in Louisville, who had met Courtenay on a trip to St. Louis. Mildred's mother was from the Peay family of Virginia. Mildred's Uncle Austin Peay had married Peachy Speed, sister of Joshua Fry Speed and James Speed. Since Mildred's father had sold his home and was in the middle of moving to St. Louis, Thomas and Mildred were married at Farmington, the Speed family plantation in Louisville, Kentucky.
Thomas and Mildred had five children:
Austin Matlack Courtenay (1850–1938)
James Clendenin Courtenay (1852–1853)
Charles Edgeworth Courtenay (1854–1854)
Ellen Watters Courtenay (1856–1938)
Mary Amelia Isabel Courtenay (1867–1943)
Mildred, Austin and Ellen went to England with Thomas in 1864 and returned in 1867. When Mary was born in 1867, Mildred was living with relatives in Maryland, while Thomas remained in England trying to sell his invention.
References
Perry, Milton F. Infernal Machines: The story of Confederate submarine and mine warfare. Louisiana State University Press, 1985.
Tidwell, William A. April '65. Kent State University Press, 1995.
Thatcher, Joseph M. "The Courtenay Coal Torpedo," in Military Collector and Historian, Vol. XI, Spring 1959.
1822 births
1875 deaths
People from Belfast
People of Maryland in the American Civil War
People of Missouri in the American Civil War
American Civil War spies
Thomas Edgeworth Courtenay |
4020080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audubon%20Park%2C%20Minneapolis | Audubon Park, Minneapolis | The Audubon Park neighborhood is located in the Northeast community in Minneapolis. Audubon Park is one of ten neighborhoods in Ward 1 of Minneapolis, which is represented on the Minneapolis City Council by Councilmember Elliot Payne. The neighborhood is bounded by Saint Anthony Parkway to the north, NE Stinson Parkway to the east, NE Lowry Avenue to the south, and Central Avenue to the west. Stinson Parkway and St. Anthony Parkway are both part of the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. Stinson Parkway is also the city's border with St. Anthony.
Audubon Park is also the name of the only city park located entirely within the boundaries of the Audubon Park neighborhood. The park and neighborhood are named in honor of John James Audubon, a great American naturalist and ornithologist. A majority of the houses in this relatively hilly neighborhood were built in the 1940s.
References
External links
Minneapolis Neighborhood Profile - Audubon Park
Audubon Neighborhood Association
Neighborhoods in Minneapolis |
4020083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicky%20Kaya | Vicky Kaya | Vicky Kaya (; born Vasiliki Kaya, ; 4 July 1978) is a Greek fashion model and television presenter. She has appeared on the covers of numerous international fashion magazines such as Vogue, Esquire, Madame Figaro, Marie Claire, and Elle.
Career
Modelling career beginnings and international success
Kaya has been modelling since the age of 14. She was spotted in the street, and from there embarked on one of the most successful careers in the fashion world, appearing in many catalogue bookings, campaigns, magazines and television commercials worldwide. At age 18 she moved to Paris where her career took off. She also worked in Milan, Germany and London. Her appearances have been diverse, from the catwalk to television acting. For many years she had been based in New York City and was represented by Wilhelmina Models in New York. She walked the catwalk for such designers as Chanel, Valentino, Christian Dior, Vivienne Westwood and Jean Paul Gaultier.
Over the years she has worked with a plethora of leading designers; she has walked for the greatest designers, has shot hundreds of magazine covers, and has been interviewed by top magazines too (Vogue, Elle, Cosmopolitan, Marie Claire, Wallpaper, InStyle, Dutch, Nylon, Tatler, Harpers and Queen, Red, Madame Figaro, L'Officiel, Esquire, etc.). She has represented a number of companies in major TV campaigns in the USA, Europe and Greece. In the USA and Europe she has done major campaigns for Johnson and Johnson (USA, National Campaign), L'Oreal Paris (France and Eastern Europe), Dove (Europe), Virginia Slims (USA, National Campaign), Garnier Paris, Nivea Body – Nivea Make-up – Nivea Hair (Europe), Schwarzkopf and C&A (Europe).
Television
Since 2006, Kaya has hosted a number of TV shows. From 2009 to 2011, and again from 2018 onwards, she has hosted Greece's Next Top Model and in 2018, the show came back with Kaya as a judge. She also hosts a Greek fashion reality show called "Shopping Star".
Other ventures
In 2011, she founded The Fashion Workshop, which is the official offshoot of the educational colossus Mod'Art International, where the most eminent and qualified professionals, from all the relevant fields, offer their experience and know-how in fashion to the younger generations, through a unique studies program. Fashion Workshop is based in the centre of Athens and is also certified by the minister of education of Greece.
In 2020, she founded Great for Women, a brand that focuses on women's well-being. Great for Women first product is a multivitamin for women.
Personal life
From 2010 to 2013 Kaya was married to entrepreneur Nikos Krithariotis. In 2013, she began dating entrepreneur Elias Krassas with whom married on 18 July 2014 in Paris, France. Kaya and Krassas have two children: a daughter Bianca-Alexandra (born 25 May 2015) and a son Karolos-Elias (born 20 January 2018).
Filmography
Film
Television
Music videos
Stage
References
External links
Mass media people from Thessaloniki
1978 births
Greek game show hosts
Greek female models
Greek television actresses
Greek television presenters
Greek voice actresses
Living people
Greek women television presenters
Models from Thessaloniki
Greek expatriates in the United States |
4020094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted%20Griffin | Ted Griffin | Ted Griffin (born December 21, 1970) is an American screenwriter whose credits include Ravenous, Matchstick Men, and Ocean's Eleven.
Born in Pasadena, California, Griffin graduated from Colgate University in 1993. He was scheduled to make his directorial debut with Rumor Has It..., for which he had written the original screenplay, but was replaced by Rob Reiner 12 days after principal filming began. He did a rewrite on the Ashton Kutcher film Killers. He moved into television by creating Terriers for FX. Griffin played Agent Hughes in The Wolf of Wall Street.
His brother is screenwriter Nicholas Griffin. His maternal grandparents were director William A. Seiter and Finnish American actress Marian Nixon.
Griffin became engaged to actress Sutton Foster in August 2013. He and Foster married on October 25, 2014.
Filmography
Puddle Cruiser (1996) as Rick Johnson
Ravenous (1999, Writer)
Best Laid Plans (1999, Writer)
Ocean's Eleven (2001, Writer)
Matchstick Men (2003, Writer) (with Nicholas Griffin)
Must Love Dogs (2005) as Bill Jr.
Rumor Has It... (2005, Writer)
The Shield (2006, TV Series, Writer)
Killers (2010) (with Bob DeRosa)
Terriers (2011, TV Series, Writer) (Creator with Shawn Ryan)
Tower Heist (2011) (with Jeff Nathanson)
Prom (2011, Producer)
Shoot the Messenger (2012, also Director)
The Wolf of Wall Street (2013, Co-producer) as Agent Hughes
Solace (2015, Writer)
Pretend It's a City (2021, executive producer)
References
External links
The Dialogue: Learn from the Masters interview
American male screenwriters
Colgate University alumni
Living people
Writers from Pasadena, California
1970 births
Screenwriters from California
Screenwriters from New York (state)
American people of Finnish descent |
4020100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan%20Central%20Station | Michigan Central Station | Michigan Central Station (also known as Michigan Central Depot or MCS) is the historic former main intercity passenger rail station in Detroit, Michigan. Built for the Michigan Central Railroad, it replaced the original depot in downtown Detroit, which was shuttered after a major fire on December 26, 1913, forcing the still unfinished station into early service. Formally dedicated on January 4, 1914, the station remained open for business until the cessation of Amtrak service on January 6, 1988. The station building consists of a train depot and an office tower with thirteen stories, two mezzanine levels, and a roof height of 230 feet (70 m). The Beaux-Arts style architecture was designed by architects who had previously worked together on Grand Central Terminal in New York, and it was the tallest rail station in the world at the time of its construction.
The building is located in the Corktown district of Detroit near the Ambassador Bridge, approximately southwest of downtown Detroit. It is located behind Roosevelt Park, and the Roosevelt Warehouse is adjacent to the east, with a tunnel connection to the MCS. The city's Roosevelt Park serves as a grand entryway to the station. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
Since 2011, demolition works, minor structural repairs, repairs of the roof structure, and covering the glass roof openings in the concourse have been performed. The basement, which was once full of water, has been fully drained. Barbed wire fencing has been installed in an attempt to keep out vandals and the windows in the tower have been replaced. Restoration projects and plans had gone as far as the negotiation process, but none had come to fruition until May 2018 when Ford Motor Company purchased the building for redevelopment into a mixed use facility and cornerstone of the company's new Corktown campus. Between 2018 and 2021, the building's exterior was repaired and the electrical and mechanical systems were replaced; in August 2021, the renovation entered the third and final phase, focusing on the interior.
Images of the building prior to the Ford purchase remain a premier example of ruins photography. The building has also been featured in several television programs, films and music videos.
History
As an active station
The building began operating as Detroit's main passenger depot in 1913 after the older Michigan Central Station burned on December 26, 1913. It was owned and operated by Michigan Central Railroad and was planned as part of a large project that included the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel below the Detroit River for freight and passengers. The old station was located on a spur line, which was inconvenient for the high volume of passengers it served. The new Michigan Central placed passenger service on the main line.
The growing trend toward increased automobile use was not a large concern in 1912, as is evident in the design of the building. Most passengers would arrive at and leave from Michigan Central Station by interurban service or streetcar, due to the station's distance from downtown Detroit. The station was placed away from downtown in order to stimulate related development to come in its direction. An ambitious project to connect the station to the Cultural Center via a wide boulevard was never realized. Nonetheless, the station remained active for several decades. The trains of the New York Central Railroad, the company which acquired the Michigan Central Railroad, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the Canadian Pacific Railway operated from the station.
At the beginning of World War I, the peak of rail travel in the United States, more than 200 trains left the station each day and lines would stretch from the boarding gates to the main entrance. In the 1940s, more than 4,000 passengers a day used the station and more than 3,000 people worked in its office tower. Among notable passengers arriving at MCS were Presidents Herbert Hoover, Harry S. Truman and Franklin D. Roosevelt, actor Charlie Chaplin, inventor Thomas Edison and artists Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera. The other major station of Detroit was the Fort Street Union Depot.
In the 1920s Henry Ford began to buy land near the station and made construction plans, but the Great Depression and other circumstances squelched this and many other development efforts. The original design included no large parking facility. When the interurban service was discontinued less than two decades after MCS opened, the station was effectively isolated from the large majority of the population who drove cars and needed parking to use the facility.
Named trains
Major trains and destinations included:
Baltimore & Ohio
Ambassador to New York City (Jersey City CNJ terminal) via Pittsburgh, PA and Washington, D.C.
Shenandoah, route as above
Cincinnatian, to Cincinnati via Toledo and Dayton
Great Lakes Limited, to Louisville via Toledo, Dayton and Cincinnati
New York Central
Canadian, to Montreal and later, Canadian-Niagara from Chicago in the west, to Buffalo and Toronto in the east (with Canadian Pacific carrying from Detroit to Toronto)
Dominion-Overseas, to Montreal
Chicago Mercury, to Chicago
Cleveland Mercury, to Cleveland
Detroiter, to New York City
Empire State Express, to New York City
Mercury, Chicago to the west, Cleveland to the east
New York Special, Chicago to the west, to New York City to the east, via Southwestern Ontario
North Shore Limited (westbound only), to Chicago to the west, from Toronto (pooled with Canadian Pacific's Chicago Express) and New York City in the east
Northerner, to Mackinaw City, Michigan via Bay City, Michigan
Ohio Special (northbound: Michigan Special), to Cincinnati via Toledo and Dayton
Queen City, to Cincinnati via Toledo and Dayton
Timberliner, to Mackinaw City, Michigan via Bay City, Michigan
Twilight Limited, to Chicago
Wolverine, Chicago to New York City via Southwestern Ontario
Decline and abandonment
Passenger volume did not decrease immediately. During World War II, the station was used heavily by military troops. After the war, with a growth in automobile ownership, people used trains less frequently for vacation or other travel. Service was reduced and passenger traffic became so low that the New York Central attempted to sell the facility in 1956 for , one-third of its original 1913 building cost. Another attempted sale in 1963 failed for lack of buyers. In 1967, maintenance costs were seen as too high relative to the decreasing passenger volume. The restaurant, arcade shops, and main entrance were closed, along with much of the main waiting room. This left only two ticket windows to serve passengers and visitors, who used the same parking-lot entrance as railroad employees working in the building.
Meanwhile, service to destinations was curtailed. By 1960 the New York Central ended its direct service south to Toledo, on its own timetable yielding that responsibility to the B&O. In 1963 the B&O moved its trains over to the Fort Street Union Depot. The New York Central ended the last of its trains bound north for Bay City in 1964. The pooled New York Central/Central Pacific trains were discontinued and the Canadian Pacific trains to Windsor ended in 1967; and the New York Central ended its named trains by the close of 1967. Any remaining New York Central trains were segmented operations between major cities. The trains run by the NYC's successor in 1968, the Penn Central continued the segmented operations at the station.
Amtrak assumed operation of the nation's passenger rail service in 1971, reopening the main waiting room and entrance in 1975. It started a $1.25 million renovation project in 1978. Six years later, the building was sold for a transportation center project that never materialized. On January 6, 1988, the last Amtrak train pulled away from the station after owners decided to close the facility. Amtrak service continued at a platform on Rose Street near the former station building until the new Detroit station opened several miles away in New Center in 1994. In July 1992, the Detroit Master Plan of Policies for the southwest sector's urban design identified the station as an attractive or interesting feature to be recognized, enhanced and promoted.
Moroun ownership
Controlled Terminals Inc. acquired the station in 1996. Its sister company, the Detroit International Bridge Co., owns the nearby Ambassador Bridge and both are part of a group of transportation-related companies which were owned by late businessman Manuel Moroun, Chairman and CEO of CenTra Inc. The company demolished the train shed in 2000, and converted the remaining tracks and platforms into an intermodal freight facility, named "Expressway" and operated by Canadian Pacific Railway. This facility was closed in June 2004.
In 2004, Detroit mayor Kwame Kilpatrick announced that the city was pursuing options to relocate its Detroit Police Department headquarters and possibly consolidate other law enforcement offices to MCS. However, in mid-2005, the city canceled the plan and chose to renovate its existing headquarters. In 2006 it was proposed that the station be redeveloped into a Trade Processing Center adapting the station as a customs and international trade processing center due to its proximity to the Ambassador Bridge. Although the City of Detroit considered the building a "Priority Cultural Site" in 2006, the City Council on April 7, 2009, passed a resolution to demolish the structure. Seven days later, Detroit resident Stanley Christmas sued the city of Detroit to stop the demolition effort, citing the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966.
In 2008, the station owners said that their goal was to renovate the decaying building. The estimated cost of renovations was $80 million, but the owners viewed finding the right use as a greater problem than financing. Moroun proposed making the station into a convention center and casino Such a project would have cost $1.2 billion, including $300 million to restore the station. Dan Stamper, president of Detroit International Bridge, noted that the station should have been used as one of the city's casinos. In 2010, State Senator Cameron S. Brown and Mickey Bashfield, a government relations official for the building owner CenTra Inc., suggested that the station could become the Detroit headquarters of the Michigan State Police, include some United States Department of Homeland Security offices, and serve as a center for trade inspections. The development never came to fruition.
On March 25, 2011, in an effort to push forward a potential sale and redevelopment, Dan Stamper, spokesperson for Ambassador Bridge owner Manuel "Matty" Moroun, announced plans to work with the City of Detroit on funding replacement of the tower's roof, and installing new windows on the structure. Stamper told The Detroit News: "It would be much easier to help a developer to come up with a package to use the depot if some improvements were made." In June 2011, work began on partial asbestos abatement on the first floor; other work conducted included interior demolition work, removal of broken glass from first floor windows, and removal of water. In June 2012, electricity was restored to the interior. Lights have illuminated the main lobby nightly.
On May 5, 2011, the Detroit International Bridge Company announced it engaged the Ann Arbor firm of Quinn Evans on behalf of the Moroun family that owns the building to oversee restoration of the roof and windows of the structure. Bridge Company owner Moroun stated, "We hope this is just the beginning of a renaissance for the depot." The once flooded basement was largely drained, with about of water at its highest still remaining in a sub-basement of the building.
On June 10, 2014, it was reported that the owners of Michigan Central Station were moving forward with about $676,000 in rehab work, and had received permits to install a new 9,000-pound capacity freight elevator, which will allow for the smooth installation of new windows and roof work. In late 2014 work to install the elevator started, with an expected completion by February.
In February 2015, the owners announced that they would replace more than 1,000 windows above the first level. In late April the city announced a land swap deal with the Bridge Company to transfer a 3-acre strip of Riverside Park near the Ambassador Bridge for 4.8 acres of adjacent property owned by the Bridge Company. As part of that agreement, the city would receive up to $5 million for park improvements, and the Bridge Company agreed to replace the windows in the train station. In July the Detroit City Council approved the land transfer. As of December 2015, all of the new windows have been installed.
As of August 2016, the Moroun family had spent 10 years and $12 million on electricity, windows and the elevator shaft, to revitalize the building. Matthew Moroun said he might put part of his family's operations in the 18-story Corktown building. In September 2017 the "Detroit Homecoming" event was held in the station, the first legal event to occur there since the building's closure in 1988.
Ford ownership
On March 20, 2018, The Detroit News published an article noting the Ford Motor Company was in talks to buy the structure. On May 22, 2018, ownership of the building was transferred from the Moroun-owned MCS Crown Land Development Co. LLC to New Investment Properties I LLC. Ford's representatives neither confirmed nor denied if this ownership exchange was made by them.
The Moroun family confirmed on June 11, 2018, that Ford was the new owner of the building. Ford purchased the station along with the Roosevelt Warehouse. Ford plans to turn the building into a hub for its autonomous vehicle development and deployment, and it will be the anchor for the company's Corktown campus. The building will hold both Ford offices and offices of suppliers and partner companies. The first floor concourse will reopen to the public with restaurants and retail. Housing will also be created on the top floors. Restoration and renovations are expected to be completed by 2022.
On June 19, 2018, Ford held a community celebration, in which local rapper Big Sean performed, and the building was opened to the public for the first time since its closure in the 1980s. According to local Detroit media outlets, Ford plans to renovate the station, the warehouse next door, and complete construction on the rest of its campus within four years, and is part of the company's $1 billion capital improvements project, which also includes the creation of a development on the West side of Dearborn, Michigan, as well as a renovation of the company's main headquarters in Dearborn. As part of that $1 billion, Ford Land is actively seeking at least $250 million in tax and other incentives, and has claimed that the project would not be financially feasible without the support of incentives.
CEO of Ford Land, Dave Dubensky, stated during an interview with the Detroit Free Press that Ford plans to retain four of the passenger tracks at MCS in the event that Amtrak returns from the station in New Center as well as for potential commuter rail. Previous Amtrak routes that utilized MCS included the Wolverine, Lake Cities, Twilight Limited, and Niagara Rainbow. There have been other rail related projects in the area around the station in recent years. In 2010, The U.S. Department of Transportation awarded $244 million in grants for high-speed rail upgrades between Chicago and Detroit. A consortium of investors, including the Canadian Pacific Railway, has proposed a new, larger rail tunnel capable of handling large double-stacked freight cars under the Detroit River.
In December 2018 Ford began Phase I of the building restoration. The work involved drying out the building and reinforcement of structural columns and archways. Phase II began in May 2019 and consisted of masonry restoration of the tower and concourse, retiling of the ceiling of the waiting room, and repair of the structural steel. 3-D scanning technology was used to recreate architectural details lost to exposure and vandalism. As of late 2021 work was progressing on the building's masonry facade. Restoration is anticipated to be competed in late 2022 or early 2023.
Architecture
The building is of the Beaux-Arts Classical style of architecture, designed by the Warren & Wetmore and Reed and Stem firms who also designed New York City's Grand Central Terminal. Michigan Central was designed at the same time, and is seen as a spiritual twin to Grand Central in New York, as both were meant as flagship stations on Vanderbilt's rail lines, both were designed to have office towers in their original design concepts (though Grand Central's tower was never built), both have the same detailing, and were opened six months apart. The price tag for this building was $15 million when it was built. Roosevelt Park creates a grand entryway for the station, which was fully realized around 1920.
The building is composed of two distinct parts: the train station and the 18-story office tower. The roof height is . The original plan for the tower included a hotel, offices for the rail company, or a combination of both. The tower was used only for office space by the Michigan Central Railroad and subsequent owners of the building. The tower was never completely used; the top floors were never completely furnished, and served no function.
The main waiting room on the main floor was modeled after an ancient Roman bathhouse, with walls of marble and vaulted ceilings. The building also housed a large hall adorned with Doric columns that housed the ticket office and arcade shops. Beyond the arcade was the concourse, which had brick walls and a large copper skylight. From here, passengers would walk down a ramp to a tunnel from which the platforms could be accessed by stairs and elevators. Under the shed there were ten passenger platforms consisting of one side platform and five island platforms along ten paired tracks. In addition, one track served the Railway Express Agency (REA) mail service at the southern end of the shed. Immediately outside the shed were seven additional freight tracks. Below the tracks and building was a large area for baggage and mail handling and offices.
After the purchase of the building by Ford in 2018, several individuals came forward looking to return property and architectural features that were stripped and stolen from the station after its closing in 1988, the biggest item of note being the main station clock. The building renovation for Ford is being designed by Quinn Evans Architects of Detroit.
In popular culture
The station has been featured in several films. In September 2002, extensive closeups and fly-by shots were featured in the movie Naqoyqatsi. The 2005 film Four Brothers opens with the main character driving his car along the front of Michigan Central Station toward Michigan Avenue. In January 2005, it was used as a location set for the movie The Island (directed by Michael Bay). MCS was used for scenes in the movie Transformers (also directed by Bay) in October 2006. The building has been used in some of rapper Eminem's work, including the title sequence of the movie 8 Mile and his music video for the song "Beautiful", during the beginning of which the building features prominently. A scene from the ABC crime drama Detroit 1-8-7 was shot and set inside the station, and it often appeared in the background in other episodes. The building's lobby was significant in the closing scenes of the 2012 documentary Detropia. It was also used in a climactic fight scene in the 2016 movie Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. Its exterior was used in the Arrow episode titled "Doppelganger". It is also featured in the video game Midnight Club 3: Dub Edition and the novel Influx by Daniel Suarez.
It is also shown in the 2016 movie Abattoir as the exterior for a jail that houses the criminally insane.
See also
Brush Street Station
Ford Piquette Avenue Plant
Fort Street Union Depot
List of railway stations
References
Further reading
External links
Talk to the Station — Gallery of historical photographs
Detroiturbex — More historical photographs
Corktown, Detroit
Skyscraper office buildings in Detroit
Windsor Subdivision
National Register of Historic Places in Detroit
Ford Motor Company facilities
Railway stations in Detroit
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1913
Railway stations closed in 1988
Beaux-Arts architecture in Michigan
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Former Amtrak stations in Michigan
Buildings and structures under construction in the United States
Reed and Stem buildings
Warren and Wetmore buildings
1913 establishments in Michigan
Detroit
Repurposed railway stations in the United States
Former New York Central Railroad stations
Former Baltimore and Ohio Railroad stations
Canadian Pacific Railway stations |
4020102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-power%20point | Half-power point | The half-power point is the point at which the output power has dropped to half of its peak value; that is, at a level of approximately -3 dB.
In filters, optical filters, and electronic amplifiers, the half-power point is also known as half-power bandwidth and is a commonly used definition for the cutoff frequency.
In the characterization of antennas the half-power point is also known as half-power beamwidth and relates to measurement position as an angle and describes directionality.
Amplifiers and filters
This occurs when the output voltage has dropped to (~0.707) of the maximum output voltage and the power has dropped by half. A bandpass amplifier will have two half-power points, while a low-pass amplifier or a high-pass amplifier will have only one.
The bandwidth of a filter or amplifier is usually defined as the difference between the lower and upper half-power points. This is, therefore, also known as the 3 dB bandwidth. There is no lower half-power point for a low-pass amplifier, so the bandwidth is measured relative to DC, i.e., 0 Hz.
Antenna beams
In antennas, the expression half-power point does not relate to frequency: instead, it describes the extent in space of an antenna beam. The half-power point is the angle off boresight at which the antenna gain first falls to half power (approximately -3 dB) from the peak. The angle between the points is known as the half-power beam width (or simply beam width).
Beamwidth is usually but not always expressed in degrees and for the horizontal plane.
It refers to the main lobe, when referenced to the peak effective radiated power of the main lobe.
Note that other definitions of beam width exist, such as the distance between nulls and distance between first side lobes.
Calculation
The beamwidth can be computed for arbitrary antenna arrays. Defining the array manifold as the complex response of the element antenna array as , where is a matrix with rows, the beam pattern is first computed as:
where is the conjugate transpose of at the reference angle .
From the beam pattern , the antenna power is computed as:
The half-power beamwidth (HPBW) is then found as the range of where .
See also
Antenna aperture
Angular resolution
Full width at half maximum
Notes
References
Electronic amplifiers
Antennas (radio) |
4020103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bancroft%2C%20Minneapolis | Bancroft, Minneapolis | Bancroft is a neighborhood within the Powderhorn community in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Its boundaries are East 38th Street to the north, Chicago Avenue to the west, East 42nd Street to the south and Cedar Avenue to the east.
The neighborhood provides convenient access to downtown via Interstate 35W, the Hiawatha Corridor, and the airport and Bloomington area via Cedar Avenue. For residents who like recreation, Bancroft lies just blocks north of Lake Nokomis, the Hiawatha Golf Course and the scenic Minnehaha Creek.
Bancroft is a small but vibrant residential community consisting mostly of single-family dwellings built before 1940 that are owner-occupied. The neighborhood does have some commercial property along Bloomington Avenue and along 38th Street.
The Bancroft neighborhood is home to two schools- Bancroft Elementary School, a continuous progressive school, and the newly opened El Colegio/ CreArte center for the arts.
History
The urban history of the Bancroft Neighborhood dates back to the early 1910s through the 1930s. More than 80% of the structures were built before 1940 and are today primarily owner-occupied. The neighborhood was named for Bancroft Elementary School, one of the oldest education buildings in the Minneapolis School District.
In the 1920s, Bancroft residents would hop on the Bloomington or Cedar Avenue street cars to go downtown or to work. Many neighbors would get visits from the Milkman, the Watkins Spice man, and the Fuller Brush man. Other shopping and business could be done right in the neighborhood. You could find a butcher, grocer, drug store, doctor's office and a nursery all within a few blocks. Organ grinders with monkeys would provide entertainment for local children along local streets. Children in the 1920s, same as children today, tore out of their homes to catch the ice cream man. In the winter and summer fun could be found at nearby Powderhorn Lake, Lakes Nokomis and Hiawatha.
In 1986, the city moved the northern boundary of the neighborhood from 36th Street to 38th Street, transferring 24 city blocks from Bancroft to the Powderhorn Park neighborhood. The significant population decline between 1980 and 1990 can mostly be attributed to this boundary change.
References
External links
Bancroft Neighborhood Association
Minneapolis Neighborhood Profile - Bancroft
Neighborhoods in Minneapolis |
4020105 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varensell%20Abbey | Varensell Abbey | Varensell Abbey () is a monastic community of Benedictine nuns, located near Rietberg in the district of Gütersloh in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
The monastery was founded in 1902 by the Benedictine Sisters of Perpetual Adoration within the Benedictine Confederation. Later, however, the community developed a way of life more in keeping with that of the Beuronese Congregation, which it joined in 1982. Varensell was given the status of abbey in 1948.
Besides the traditional duties of hospitality, the nuns are occupied in theological work and various handicrafts.
References
External links
Freiraumplanung Wolf - Kloster Varensell - architect's portfolio
20th-century Christian monasteries
1902 establishments in Germany
Monasteries in North Rhine-Westphalia
Christian organizations established in 1902
Benedictine nunneries in Germany
Buildings and structures in Gütersloh (district) |
4020106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachvak%20Fiord | Nachvak Fiord | Nachvak Fjord is a deep fiord in northern Labrador nearly wide and long. The fjord is divided in two arms on the western end called Tallek and Tasiuyak. The Torngat Mountains that surround Nachvak Fjord are the highest in Labrador, where both Mount Razorback to the north and Mount Caubvick to the south are located.
The Inuit of Labrador have historically used this place as a summer fishing station. It was the site of a Hudson's Bay Company post from 1868 to 1905, the most northerly of the company's posts in Labrador. Governor William MacGregor estimated during his trip to northern Labrador in 1905 that there were 20 to 30 heathen, non-Moravian Inuit, in addition to Hudson's Bay Company personnel. In 1904 the Moravians induced several families to move to Killiniq where a mission station was established. In 1908 MacGregor had noted that the Moravians hoped to induce the remaining Inuit to move to Hebron.
Tributaries
Many small rivers and canoeing routes empty into the fjord.
The Palmer River, flows northeasterly through the Torngat Mountains and empties into Tallek.
References
Ghost towns in Newfoundland and Labrador
Hudson's Bay Company trading posts
Fjords of Newfoundland and Labrador |
4020108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JDub%20Records | JDub Records | JDub Records was a non-profit record and event production company that produced Jewish music and cross cultural musical dialogue. JDub, unlike most record labels, derived half its annual income from foundations and individual donors and the other half from record and ticket sales. As a non-profit Jewish organization its stated mission was to "forge vibrant connections to Judaism through music, media and cultural events." JDub operations included an artists' fellowship program, overseeing the Jewcy website, event production and consulting.
Along with the Foundation for Jewish Culture and Avoda Arts, JDub launched The Six Points Fellowship for Emerging Jewish Artists, an artist development program financed by $1 million from the Commission on Jewish Identity and Renewal of UJA-Federation. The grant, described as the largest ever by UJA to an arts organization, gave each of 12 New York-based artists up to $45,000 for living expenses and project-related support for two years.
As of 2012, JDub's recording catalogue is owned by The Orchard, a division of Sony Music.
History
Founded in December 2002 by two NYU students, Ben Hesse and Aaron Bisman. In its start-up phase, JDub focused on developing a small cadre of artists, including Matisyahu, Socalled, and Balkan Beat Box. In October 2009, JDub adopted Jewcy, an online magazine and blog. JDub COO Jacob Harris led the acquisition and served as publisher of Jewcy.
On July 1, 2004, JDub produced "The Unity Sessions" at Celebrate Brooklyn in Prospect Park, Brooklyn. The event brought Israeli, Palestinian, Jewish, and American Muslim performers including Matisyahu, Sagol 59, TN (Tamer Nafar), and Mooke.
On October 28, 2004, JDub released Matisyahu's debut album, Shake Off the Dust... Arise.
In December 2009, JDub announced a strategic partnership with Nextbook which publishes books in collaboration with Random House's Shocken imprint, and produces Tablet Magazine. According to the JTA: "Under the partnership, the two organizations will remain separate and will still produce their own records and books and cultural materials, but JDub will essentially become Nextbook’s in-house marketing and PR department."
In July 2011 JDub announced it would close due to an inability to find new funding and the collapse of the music industry in general.
Artists
Balkan Beat Box
Can Can
Axum
Golem
The LeeVees
Soulico
Matisyahu (2003-2006, Management; 2003-2005, Label)
Michael Showalter (comedian)
Girls in Trouble
The Macaroons
Socalled
Sagol 59
DeLeon
Tomer Yosef (lead MC of Balkan Beat Box)
The Sway Machinery
The Wailing Wall
Steve "The Gangsta Rabbi" Lieberman
See also
List of record labels
References
Former Artists
Matisyahu
External links
JDub Records
American independent record labels
Jewish rock
Record labels established in 2002
Record labels disestablished in 2011 |
4020113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956%20in%20Australia | 1956 in Australia | The following lists events that happened during 1956 in Australia.
Incumbents
Monarch – Elizabeth II
Governor-General – Sir William Slim
Prime Minister – Robert Menzies
Chief Justice – Sir Owen Dixon
State Premiers
Premier of New South Wales – Joseph Cahill
Premier of Queensland – Vince Gair
Premier of South Australia – Thomas Playford IV
Premier of Tasmania – Robert Cosgrove
Premier of Victoria – Henry Bolte
Premier of Western Australia – Albert Hawke
State Governors
Governor of New South Wales – Sir John Northcott
Governor of Queensland – Sir John Lavarack
Governor of South Australia – Sir Robert George
Governor of Tasmania – Sir Ronald Cross, 1st Baronet
Governor of Victoria – Sir Dallas Brooks
Governor of Western Australia – Sir Charles Gairdner
Events
August - The Murray River flooded (the biggest flood in recorded history), affecting many towns near the river.
22 November – The 1956 Summer Olympics opened in Melbourne. The opening ceremony was held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground with 107,700 people watching.
Arts and literature
William Dargie wins the Archibald Prize for his portrait of Albert Namatjira
Quadrant literary magazine is founded, edited by James McAuley
Television
16 September – Australia's first TV station TCN-9 begins regular transmission in Sydney
4 November - HSV-7 begins as Melbourne's first TV Station.
5 November – The first TV station of the Australian Broadcasting Commission is launched; ABN-2 Sydney.
Sport
8 September – John Russell wins his first men's national marathon title, clocking 2:26:37.8 in Melbourne.
Melbourne Cup winner in 1956 was Evening Peal, ridden by George Podmore Trained by E.D.Lawson
New South Wales wins the Sheffield Shield
Kurrewa IV takes line honours and Solo wins on handicap in the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
New South Wales Rugby League premiership: St George defeated Balmain
Victorian Football League premiership: Melbourne defeated Collingwood
Australian Men's Tennis Championship was won by Lew Hoad from NSW aged 22
Australian Women's Tennis Championship was won by Miss Mary Carter
Births
9 January – Bill Leak, editorial cartoonist (d. 2017)
20 January – Richard Morecroft, English-Australian journalist
29 January – Ian Davies, basketball player (d. 2013)
6 February – Ken Lorraway, triple jumper (d. 2007)
27 February – Andrea Mitchell, Western Australian politician and sports administrator (d. 2020)
7 March – David Koch, television personality
9 March – Steve Vizard, actor
9 May – Jana Wendt, journalist
22 May – Peter Ali, basketball player
15 July – Steve Mortimer, rugby league footballer
21 July – Andy Campbell, basketball player
31 July – Ernie Dingo, actor
12 August – Suzanne Twelftree, Paralympic wheelchair tennis player and powerlifter (d. 2019)
17 August – John Kosmina, soccer player and manager
17 September – Ross Glendinning, Australian Rules footballer
17 September – Yunupingu, musician (Yothu Yindi) and community leader (d. 2013)
2 October ~ Peter Evans
16 October – Martin Sacks, actor
7 November
Michael Wooldridge, politician
Gordon McLeod, basketball player and assistant coach.
14 November – John Anderson, politician
23 November – Shane Gould, swimmer
Deaths
21 March – Fanny Durack, (b. 1889), swimmer
29 May – Frank Beaurepaire, (b. 1891), swimmer and politician
12 July – John Hayes, (b. 1868), Premier of Tasmania
See also
List of Australian films of the 1950s
References
Australia
Years of the 20th century in Australia |
4020114 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach%20Ultimate%20Lovers%20Association | Beach Ultimate Lovers Association | The Beach Ultimate Lovers Association (BULA) is the worldwide organization that helps organizers and players further develop the sport of Beach Ultimate. The World Flying Disc Federation has approved BULA as the organizing body to promote tournaments, leagues and recreational play.
External links
Beach Ultimate Lovers Association web site
See also
Beach Ultimate
Ultimate
Frisbee
Beach sports |
Subsets and Splits
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