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4017815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Archdiocese%20of%20Omaha | Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Omaha | The Archdiocese of Omaha () is Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. Its current archbishop, George Joseph Lucas, was installed in Omaha on July 22, 2009. The archdiocese serves more than 230,000 Catholics in approximately 140 parishes and missions. It includes 23 counties in northeast Nebraska: Boyd, Holt, Merrick, Nance, Boone, Antelope, Knox, Pierce, Madison, Platte, Colfax, Stanton, Wayne, Cedar, Dixon, Dakota, Thurston, Cuming, Dodge, Burt, Washington, Douglas, and Sarpy.
History
On January 6, 1857 Pope Pius IX established the Apostolic Vicariate of Nebraska from the Apostolic Vicariate of Indian Territory (East of the Rocky Mountains). The Rev. James Myles O'Gorman, O.C.S.O., from New Melleray Monastery near Dubuque, Iowa, was named the Apostolic Vicar on January 28, 1859. The Vicariate lost territory when the Apostolic Vicariate of Montana was created in 1883. (This later developed as the Roman Catholic Diocese of Helena.)
The Nebraska vicariate was elevated to a diocese and renamed as the Diocese of Omaha by Pope Leo XIII on October 2, 1885. Reverend James O'Connor was appointed as its first bishop. At the time, the diocese included all of Nebraska and Wyoming. It lost territory on August 2, 1887 when the dioceses of Cheyenne and Lincoln were established.
The diocese lost territory two more times: to the Diocese of Kearney in 1912 when it was created, and again in 1916. Omaha was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XII on August 10, 1945.
Sexual abuse scandal of 20th and 21st centuries
The Archdiocese of Omaha has been implicated in the widespread scandal of sexual abuse by clergy in the Catholic church in the United States and earlier institutional coverups of actions. In 2018, the Archdiocese of Omaha released the names of 38 priests and other clergy members who have been credibly accused of sexual misconduct, an action requested by the state’s top prosecutor. At least two men on the list had been convicted and served prison sentences for molesting children.
Among those listed was Daniel Herek, a former Omaha priest who was defrocked, convicted and sentenced to prison in 1999 for sexually assaulting and videotaping a 14-year-old boy. He also served jail time several years later for exposing himself in an Omaha parking lot. John Fiala, who left the Omaha Archdiocese in 1996, was among those listed. Fiala died in 2017 in a Texas prison after being convicted of sexually abusing a teenage boy and of trying to hire a hit man to kill the victim.
Though the earliest incident of abuse on record was alleged to have happened in 1956, the Archdiocese of Omaha has acknowledged that it did not record reports of sexual abuse until 1978. In a written statement published together with the list of accused clergy, Omaha Archbishop George Joseph Lucas wrote,
"We acknowledge this report with sorrow, and know that it will cause a great deal of pain.” He continued, "We’re deeply saddened so many innocent minors and young adults were harmed by the church’s ministers. To victims and their families, I am sorry for the pain, betrayal and suffering you have experienced in the church.”
Bishops
Bishops of Omaha
James Myles O'Gorman (1859-1874)
James O.Connor (1876–1890)
Richard Scannell (1891–1916)
Jeremiah James Harty (1916–1927), Archbishop (personal title)
Joseph Francis Rummel (1928–1935), appointed Archbishop of New Orleans
Archbishops of Omaha
James Hugh Ryan (1935–1947)
Gerald Thomas Bergan (1947–1969)
Daniel E. Sheehan (1969–1993)
Elden Francis Curtiss (1993–2009)
George Joseph Lucas (2009–present)
Auxiliary bishops
Daniel E. Sheehan (1964–1969), appointed Archbishop here
Anthony Michael Milone (1981–1987), appointed Bishop of Great Falls-Billings
Other priests of this diocese who became bishops
Blase Joseph Cupich, appointed Bishop of Rapid City in 1998; future Cardinal
William Joseph Dendinger, appointed Bishop of Grand Island in 2004
Joseph Gerard Hanefeldt, appointed Bishop of Grand Island in 2015
Edward Joseph Hunkeler, appointed Bishop of Grand Island in 1945
Patrick Aloysius Alphonsus McGovern, appointed Bishop of Cheyenne in 1912
John Linus Paschang, appointed Bishop of Grand Island in 1951
Parishes
Omaha Catholic schools
The Omaha Catholic Schools is a school district in and around Omaha which is part of the Archdiocese of Omaha. All schools are accredited or approved by the state of Nebraska. The school district is composed of 54 elementary schools, one private 4th-8th grade school, four corporation high schools, three K-12th grade schools, one special needs K-12th grade school, and ten private high schools. Over 20,000 students attend Omaha Catholic Schools each year.
Suffragan sees
Diocese of Grand Island
Diocese of Lincoln
See also
Catholic Church by country
Catholic Church in the United States
Ecclesiastical Province of Omaha
Education in Omaha, Nebraska
Global organisation of the Catholic Church
List of the Catholic dioceses of the United States
List of churches in Omaha, Nebraska
List of Roman Catholic archdioceses (by country and continent)
List of Roman Catholic dioceses (alphabetical) (including archdioceses)
List of Roman Catholic dioceses (structured view) (including archdioceses)
Notre Dame Academy and Convent
Sexual abuse scandal in Omaha archdiocese
References
External links
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Omaha official site
Omaha
Education in Omaha, Nebraska
Religious organizations established in 1857
Omaha
1857 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Christianity in Omaha, Nebraska |
4017830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni%20Kurz | Toni Kurz | Toni Kurz (13 January 1913 – 22 July 1936) was a German mountain climber active in the 1930s. He died in 1936 during an attempt to climb the then-unclimbed north face of the Eiger with his partner Andreas Hinterstoisser.
Biography
Toni Kurz was born on 13 January 1913 in Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, Germany, where he was raised. He completed a brief apprenticeship as a pipefitter before joining the German Wehrmacht in 1934 as a professional soldier. Together with his childhood friend Andreas Hinterstoisser, he made numerous first ascents of peaks in the Berchtesgaden Alps, including some of the most difficult climbs of that time. The two young men climbed the southwest wall of the Berchtesgadener Hochthron in 1934, and the south wall of the straight pillar in 1936. They also made first ascents in the Reiter Alpe on the German–Austrian border, and of the direct southern route up the Watzmannkinder, part of the Watzmann, in 1935.
In July 1936, Kurz and Hinterstoisser left Berchtesgaden, where they were serving in the military, and travelled by bicycle to Kleine Scheidegg, Switzerland to attempt to climb the north face of the Eiger, which at the time was still unclimbed. While on the mountain, they met up with two Austrian climbers—Edi Rainer and Willy Angerer—and the four decided to continue their attempt together.
During the ascent, Angerer was injured by falling rocks loosened by the warmth of the rising sun as they crossed the first ice field. As a result of Angerer's worsening condition and their slow progress across the second ice field, they abandoned the attempt on the Eiger and decided to descend. A further challenge arose when Kurz and his fellow climbers failed to retrace their route across the area now known as the Hinterstoisser Traverse and had to climb downwards. As the result of another avalanche, Hinterstoisser's anchor became dislodged causing him to fall to his death. Angerer, who was climbing below Kurz, was struck by a falling boulder, dying instantly and causing his body to fall and catch at the end of the running line where it remained suspended. Edi Rainer, the climber who had been securing the other two, was violently pulled against the wall by the weight of Angerer's body. Rainer was struck in the face by the dislodged anchor shattering his jaw and entangling Rainer where he died minutes later of asphyxiation. Kurz now the only surviving climber, remained suspended by a single rope with the cliff wall out of reach.
Later that day, amid worsening weather, a rescue team attempted to reach Kurz from below, ascending by means of the railway tunnel that ran through the mountain, the Jungfraubahn. They could not reach Kurz due to the severity of the storm and were forced to leave Kurz dangling unprotected and exposed to the blizzard for the entire night. The next day, the team again attempted to effect a rescue; Kurz himself made the effort, despite a frozen hand due to losing a glove, to abseil down the face of the mountain and reach the team. To accomplish this, he first had to cut loose the dead body of Angerer hanging below him, then climb up and cut loose Rainer's body. To increase the length of his rope, he unraveled it and tied the three strands end-to-end, this entire process took five hours. He then lowered the rope to the waiting rescuers, who attached their own rope, strong enough for the abseil.
The mountain guides only had one long rope – 60 metres – with them. Hans Schlunegger just put it between his back and his rucksack (not into his rucksack) to save some time. This was not an unusual practice for them. Unfortunately when he made a sudden movement the rope dropped and fell down to the foot of the wall. To try to reach the required length, the team combined two shorter ropes, but the combined length still fell short. Kurz pulled up their rope, fixed it, and began his abseiling descent. He was stopped a mere couple of meters above his rescuers by the knot. To abseil any further he would have had to raise himself enough to release the tension on the knot and let it pass through his gear. Desperately, Kurz tried to move himself past the knot, but in vain. Facing the futility of his situation, he said only "Ich kann nicht mehr" ("I can't go [on] anymore") and died of hypothermia shortly after. His body was later recovered by a German team.
Legacy
The tragic story became well known after publication of Heinrich Harrer's classic 1960 book The White Spider and was more recently covered by Joe Simpson's book (and Emmy-winning TV documentary), The Beckoning Silence, as well as the 2008 German dramatic movie North Face.
References
Citations
Sources
1913 births
1936 deaths
German mountain climbers
Mountaineering deaths
Sport deaths in Switzerland
German Army (1935–1945) soldiers |
4017831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey%20McKeon | Lindsey McKeon | Lindsey McKeon is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Marah Lewis on Guiding Light and Taylor James on One Tree Hill. She previously starred on Saved by the Bell: The New Class as Katie Peterson from 1996–2000.
Life
In the late 1990s, McKeon was involved with Scott Ashley Sterling (son of Donald Sterling). The day she broke up with Sterling, a fight ensued between him and his friend Philip Scheid, who Sterling thought was trying to steal Mckeon from him, resulting in Scheid being shot by Sterling with a shotgun.
She is married to longtime boyfriend Brant Hively, with the couple having wed in a small intimate outdoor ceremony.
Career
McKeon starred on Saved by the Bell: The New Class, playing Katie Peterson, debuting with the series' fourth season in 1996 and continuing until the series ended in 2000. She joined the CBS daytime soap opera Guiding Light in November 2001, playing the character of Marah Lewis until 2004. In a June 2002 Victoria Advocate article, McKeon said of her character, Marah, "She could definitely make some smarter choices where men are concerned, but couldn't we all?" and "I just hope she's learned as much as I have after going through all of this."
McKeon has appeared as a series regular in Fox's The Opposite Sex and had a recurring role on Boy Meets World. Additional television credits include the lead in Class Warfare, a USA Network movie-of-the-week, and episodes of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, Grounded for Life, Maybe It's Me, Special Unit 2, 3rd Rock from the Sun, House, and Odd Man Out.
Most recently, she has made guest appearances on the shows Supernatural and Veronica Mars, and on One Tree Hill as Taylor James, the sister of Haley James Scott played by fellow Guiding Light alumnus Bethany Joy Galeotti. Her film credits include Shredder and Class Warfare.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Interview at Sequential Tart
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Los Angeles
Actresses from New Jersey
American child actresses
American film actresses
American soap opera actresses
American television actresses
Living people
People from Summit, New Jersey
Year of birth missing (living people) |
4017834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy%20Turner | Randy Turner | Randy J. "Biscuit" Turner (November 25, 1949 – August 19, 2005) was an American punk singer and artist. He was the lead singer for the seminal hardcore punk band Big Boys, formed in Austin in the late 1970s. Turner is regarded as a pioneer bi performer in the world of punk rock.
Biography
Early years
Randy J. "Biscuit" Turner was born November 25, 1949, in Gladewater, Texas, United States.
Musical career
Turner's band, Big Boys, along with The Dicks, Really Red, and MDC, are credited with the development of hardcore punk in Texas, while it was simultaneously emerging in other cities as well. They were one of the earliest skate punk groups, were featured in Thrasher skateboarding magazine and videos, and had their own Big Boys skateboard.
The group also is known for being the first punk band to introduce funk rhythms into hardcore, influencing later bands such as Red Hot Chili Peppers. Turner was noted for outrageous stage antics, such as wearing a pink ballerina's tutu and pink cowboy boots while performing.
Queried about his sexuality by Flipside magazine in 1982, "Biscuit" Turner replied:
"I don't know if I want to answer that or not because it doesn't make any difference if I'm gay or not, I'm a human being and my sexual preference doesn't play into my lifestyle. It comes from my heart and I want people to look at me and say I'm a human being — don't ask me about what 5% of my life is."
In his musical career, Turner also played with Cargo Cult, Texas Biscuit Bombs, Naugahyde Dream Sequence, and Swine King, the last of which contributed a song to Outpunk Records' seminal queercore compilation CD Outpunk Dance Party.
Other pursuits
Turner also took many turns in the theatre and performance realm. He was well known as a spoken word poet and was welcomed at many readings in Austin's busy slam poetry scene. He took several turns as the "penalty diva" for TXRD Lonestar Rollergirls around 2003, after the death of his friend Amberdiva who had held that position. He performed in 1992 in an award winning production of "Our Town" at Zachary Scott Theatre, playing both the professor and the reverend.
Biscuit was an avid collector, garage sale maniac, and found object artist. His house was a treasure trove of Americana and he decorated the outside with all sorts of sculptural creations and lights during the holidays. Neighbors and kids often stopped to gawk at his amazing creations and "finds" that surrounded his South Austin home.
Death and legacy
Turner was found dead in his home in south Austin on August 19, 2005. The cause of death was reported to be cirrhosis of the liver due to a chronic, untreated hepatitis C infection. He was preparing for a show of his artwork scheduled to open just a few days after he died. He was featured on the cover of the local independent newspaper, The Austin Chronicle, which was released the day after his death.
In 2004, in a song called "Ode", from the CD Complete Discography, the queercore band Limp Wrist pay homage to Randy Turner, along with Gary Floyd of The Dicks and Joshua Plague of Mukilteo Fairies and Behead the Prophet, No Lord Shall Live, for being pioneering gay punks in the hardcore scene who have paved the way for Limp Wrist.
References
External links
Randy "Biscuit" Turner's final interview
Randy "Biscuit" Turner memorial page with sample of his artwork
Naugahyde Dream Sequence's homepage
American punk rock singers
1949 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from hepatitis
Deaths from diabetes
Deaths from cirrhosis
American gay musicians
Singers from Texas
LGBT people from Texas
Infectious disease deaths in Texas
20th-century American singers
Alcohol-related deaths in Texas |
4017836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart%20Castle%2C%20Northern%20Ireland | Stewart Castle, Northern Ireland | Stewart Castle (also known as Newtownstewart Castle) is situated in Newtownstewart, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It was built in 1619 by Sir Robert Newcomen in an English manor house style. It was damaged during the Irish Rebellion of 1641 by Sir Phelim O' Neill and in 1689 on King James' return from the Siege of Derry. King James ordered the Stewart Castle, and the town, to be burnt down. In the main street a piece of the castle wall still stands.
Newtownstewart Plantation castle is a State Care Historic Monument in the townland of Newtownstewart, in Strabane District Council area, at grid ref: H4020 8583.
An intact Bronze Age cist grave was found within castle site. It was excavated in 1999.
See also
Castles in Northern Ireland
References
Bronze Age burial cist - Newtownstewart
Stewart Castle
County Tyrone.com
External links
Newtownstewart Castle
Castles in County Tyrone
Ruined castles in Northern Ireland |
4017837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20%28surname%29 | Ray (surname) | The surname Ray has several origins.
Ray is a historical title of royalty and nobility in the Indian subcontinent used by rulers and chieftains of many princely states. It is derived from Raja. The Marathi/Telugu variant Rai was used as a substitute to King. Rai has no trace in sanskrit origin and ray is also called rai.wikipedia
Origin of the surname
In some cases it originate from a nickname, derived from the Old French rei, roy, meaning "king", which was sometimes also used as a personal name. This nickname may have denoted a person's pride or swagger, someone's appearance, or regal behavior or bearing, or may have referred to achievement in a contest, royal service, or may have denoted someone who presided over certain festive celebrations. Early examples of forms of this surname include: William Lerei, in 1195 (Norfolk); Robert Raie, in 1206 (Cambridgeshire); and Thomas filius Rey, in 1296 (Cambridgeshire).
In other cases, the surname originates from a nickname derived from the northern Middle English rā, rae, ray (Old English rā, Old Norse rā), meaning "roe deer", or the Middle English ray (Old English rœge), meaning "female roe deer". This nickname may have denoted a timid person or a swift runner.
In other cases, the surname is derived from the Scottish Gaelic Mac Raith, a surname derived from the Gaelic personal name Macraith, "son of grace". Early examples of forms of this surname include: Alexander Macrad, in about 1225 (Dumbartonshire); Patric McRe, in 1376 (Dumfriesshire); and Adam McCreich, in 1438.
In other cases, the surname is a variant of Rye. In such cases, the surname may originate from two locative names: one is derived from a form of the Middle English atter ye, "meaning at the island" (Old English œt thœre ige), for someone who lived on an island or a patch of firm ground; the other is derived from a form of the Middle English atter eye, meaning "at the river" (Old English œt thœre eœ) for someone who lived near a river or stream. Early examples of forms of the surname Rye include: William de Rye, in 1240 (Essex); Ralph de Rye, in 1248 (Essex); and Ralph de la Reye, in 1279 (Oxfordshire).
In other cases, the surname may be a variant of the surname Wray, a variant of Wroe, derived from the Middle English wroe (Old Scandinavian vrá), meaning "nook, corner of land". Early examples of forms of the surname Wray include: Willelmus del Wra, in 1379 (Lancashire); Ricardus del Wra, in 1377 (West Yorkshire); and Willelmus in the Wraa, in 1379 (West Yorkshire).
In other cases, the surname is of Ashkenazic Jewish origin. In other cases, the surname may have originated as locative name, derived from the Old French raier, meaning "to gush, stream, or pour". In other cases, the surname is a variant of Indian surname Rai. In some case, the surname Rai is derived from the Sanskrit raja, meaning "king". In other cases, specifically in Karnataka, the origin of the surname is unknown.
People with this surname
Adam E. Ray (1808–1865), American politician
Adam Ray (comedian), American comedian and actor
Adil Ray (born 1974), British radio and television presenter
Aindrita Ray (born 1984), Indian film actress
A. N. Ray Ajit Nath Ray (1912–2010), Indian Bengali jurist
Aldo Ray (1926–1991), American actor
Allan Ray (born 1984), American professional basketball player
Amy Ray (born 1964), American singer-songwriter, member of the Indigo Girls
Andrew Ray (1939–2003), British actor
Anna Chapin Ray (1865–1945), American author
Annada Shankar Ray (1904–2002), Indian Bengali poet and essayist
Benjamin Ray (born 1819), American politician
Bharatchandra Ray (1712–1760), Indian Bengali poet and composer
Bill Ray (disambiguation), several people
Bill Ray (bishop) (born 1950), Anglican bishop of North Queensland in Australia
Bill Ray (politician) (1922–2013), American businessman, politician, and writer
Bill Ray (photojournalist) (1936–2020), photojournalist
Billy Ray (screenwriter), screenwriter, director, and producer
Blaine Ray, American creator of TPR Storytelling
Bob Ray, American filmmaker
Bobby Ray (actor) (1899–1957), American comedian and film director
Bobby Ray (singer), American recording artist from Texas
Bobby Ray Parks Jr., Filipino professional basketball player
Bonnie Ray, American statistician and data scientist
Brian Ray (born 1955), American musician
Charles A. Ray (1829-1912), American judge
Charles W. Ray (1872–1959), American recipient of Medal of Honor
Chris Ray (born 1982), American baseball pitcher
Clifford Ray (born 1949), American basketball coach and former player
Daniel Burrill Ray (1928–1979), American mathematician
Danny Ray (singer) (born 1951), Jamaican-born reggae singer and record producer
Danny Ray (saxophonist) (born 1951), American saxophonist
David Parker Ray (1939–2002), American suspected serial killer (known as the "Toy-Box Killer")
David R. Ray (1945–1969), United States Navy sailor
Dave "Snaker" Ray (1943–2002), American blues singer and guitarist
Dixy Lee Ray (1914–1994), American scientist and politician, former Governor of Washington
Dorothy Jean Ray (born 1919), American anthropologist
Dwijendralal Ray (1863–1913), Indian Bengali poet, playwright, and musician
Edgar Ray (1828–1905), founder of "Punch" magazines in Australia
Elise Ray (born 1982), American gymnast
Elmer Ray (born 1912), American heavyweight boxer
Frank Edward "Ed" Ray (1921–2012), American bus driver hero in 1976 Chowchilla kidnapping
Fred Olen Ray (born 1954), American director, producer, screenwriter, actor, and cinematographer
Gabrielle Ray (1883–1973), British stage actress, dancer and singer
Ganendra Narayan Ray (born 1933), Indian Bengali jurist
Gene Ray, American, creator of website Time Cube
Gene Anthony Ray (1962–2003), American actor, dancer, and choreographer
George Augustus Ray (1819–1893), American politician
Gordon Norton Ray (1915–1986), American biographer and professor of English
Gourishankar Ray (1838–1917), Indian Odia language activist
Greg Ray (born 1966), American IRL IndyCar Series driver
Herbert J. Ray (1893–1970), American admiral
Isaac Ray (1807–1881), American psychiatrist
James Ray (disambiguation) several people, including:
James B. Ray (1794–1848), American politician
James Earl Ray (1928–1998), American convicted of assassinating Martin Luther King
James Ray (rock musician), rock musician, member of The Sisterhood and James Ray's Gangwar
James Ray (singer) (1941–1964), African-American R&B singer
Jamini Bhushan Ray (1879–1926), Indian Bengali physician, Sanskritist, and philanthropist
Janisse Ray (born 1962), American writer, naturalist, and environmental activist
Jean Ray (1941–2007), American folk singer of Jim and Jean duo
Jean Ray (author), Belgian writer
Jeremy Ray, Australian television presenter and video game reviewer
Jimmy Ray (born 1970), British pop-rock musician
Joe Ray, of Nero (musicians), British dubstep trio
John Ray (1627–1705), British naturalist
John H. Ray (1886–1975), American politician
Johnnie Ray (1927–1990), American singer, songwriter, and pianist
Johnny Ray (racing driver) (born 1937), American NASCAR driver
Johnny Ray (second baseman) (born 1957), American baseball player
Joie Ray (athlete) (Joseph W. Ray; 1894–1978), American middle-distance runner
Joie Ray (racing driver) (Joseph Reynolds Ray, Jr.; 1923–2007), American race car driver
Jonah Ray (born 1982), American actor, comedian and writer
Joseph Ray (disambiguation), includes
Joseph Warren Ray (1849–1928), American politician
Karen B. Ray, American politician
Ken Ray (born 1974), American baseball pitcher
LaBryan Ray (born 1997), American football player
Lionel Ray (born 1935), French poet and essayist
Lisa Ray (born 1972), Canadian actress and former model
Little Ray, American musician
Man Ray (1890–1976), American artist
Manju Ray, Indian biochemist and cancer researcher
Mary Ruth Ray (1956–2013), American classical violist
Mike Ray (born 1936), Canadian politician
Marcus Ray, main character in Knock Off (film)
Nicholas Ray (1911–1979), American filmmaker
Niharranjan Ray (1903–1981), Indian Bengali historian
Norman W. Ray (born 1942), American admiral
Ola Ray (born 1960), American model and actress
Prafulla Chandra Ray (1861–1944), Indian Bengali chemist, educator and entrepreneur
Pratibha Ray (born 1943), Indian Odia writer
Rabi Ray (born 1926), Indian Odia politician, former speaker of Lok Sabha
Rachael Ray (born 1968), American television personality, celebrity chef and author
Radhanath Ray (1848–1908), Indian Odia poet
Raja Sitaram Ray (1658–1714), Indian rebel king who fought against the Mughal Empire
Ray brothers, American, three hemophiliac brothers diagnosed with HIV in 1986
Reginald Ray, American Buddhist academic and Vajra Master
Renuka Ray (1904–1997), Indian Bengali social activist
Rex Ray, American fine artist and graphic designer
Richie Ray (born 1945), American musician and minister of duo Richie Ray & Bobby Cruz
Ricky Ray (born 1979), Canadian and American football quarterback
Rob Ray (born 1968), Canadian sports broadcaster and former ice hockey player
Robbie Ray (born 1991), American baseball pitcher
Robbie Ray (racing driver), American racing driver
Robert Ray (disambiguation), several people
Robert D. Ray (1928–2018), Governor of Iowa 1969 to 1983
Robert D. Ray (1978–2000), one of the Ray brothers (above)
Robert R. Ray, Reconstruction era sheriff and state legislator in Feliciana, Louisiana
Robert Ray (artist) (1924–2002), American artist
Robert Ray (Australian politician) (born 1947), Labor Party Senator for Victoria
Robert Ray (prosecutor) (born 1960), final Whitewater Special Counsel
Robert Ray (baseball) (born 1984), baseball pitcher
Robin Ray (1934–1998), British actor, musician and broadcaster
Ronnie Ray (born 1954), American track and field athlete
Ruth Ray (1919–1977), American artist
Sandip Ray (born 1953), Indian Bengali filmmaker
Satyajit Ray (1921–1992), Indian Bengali filmmaker
Scottie Ray (born 1964), American voice actor
Shawn Ray (born 1965) American author and former professional bodybuilder
Sibnarayan Ray (1921–2008), Indian Bengali educationist, philosopher and literary critic
Siddhartha Shankar Ray (1920–2010), chief minister of West Bengal and governor of Punjab
Siddharth Ray (1963–2004), Indian Marathi actor
Sidney Herbert Ray (1858–1939), American linguist
Stevie Ray (born 1958), American wrestler
Sukumar Ray (1887–1923), Indian Bengali nonsense poet, story writer and playwright
Tanika Ray, American television personality
Ted Ray (comedian) (1905–1977), British comedian
Ted Ray (golfer) (1877–1943), British professional golfer
Thomas S. Ray, American ecologist who created the Tierra project
Upendrakishore Ray (1863–1915), Indian Bengali writer, painter, violinist and composer
William Ray (disambiguation) several people, including
Sir William Ray (British politician), Leader of London County Council, MP for Richmond
William Ray (medicine) (1884–1953), academic in Adelaide, South Australia
William H. Ray (1812–1881), United States Representative from Illinois
William Hallett Ray (1825–1909), Canadian politician, farmer, and merchant
William M. Ray (born 1963), American judge
Wyatt Ray (born 1996), American football player
Fictional characters
Amuro Ray
Charles Lee Ray
See also
Del Ray (disambiguation)
Le Ray (disambiguation)
Leray
Rae (surname)
Rai (surname)
Ray (given name)
Rey (surname)
Rhea (name)
Roy
Wray (surname)
Citations
References
English-language surnames
Indian surnames
Bengali Hindu surnames |
4017855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDB%20Human%20Genome%20Database | GDB Human Genome Database | The GDB Human Genome Database was a community curated collection of human genomic data. It was a key database in the Human Genome Project and was in service from 1989 to 2008.
History
In 1989 the Howard Hughes Medical Institute provided funding to establish a central repository for human genetic mapping data. This project ultimately resulted in the creation of the GDB Human Genome DataBase in September 1990. In order to ensure a high degree of quality, records within GDB were subjected to a curation process by human genetics specialists, including the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee.
Established under the leadership of Peter Pearson and Dick Lucier, GDB received financial support from the US Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. Located at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, GDB became a source of high quality mapping data which were made available both online as well as through numerous printed publications. The project was supported internationally by the EU, Japan, and other countries.
The GDB had several directors in its time. Peter Pearson, David T. Kingsbury, Stantley Letovsky, Peter Li, and A. Jamie Cuticchia.
In 1998, the change of focus in the human genome project redirected US Department of Energy funds which were previously available for GDB. However that same year, A. Jamie Cuticchia obtained funding from Canadian public and private sources to continue the operations of GDB. While the data curation continued to be performed at Johns Hopkins, GDB central operations were moved to The Hospital for Sick Children (HSC) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In November 2001, the HSC fired Cuticchia due to a dispute over the GDB website domain name.
In 2003 RTI International became the new host for GDB where it continued to be maintained as a public resource; GDB was closed in 2008 after control of the project reverted to Johns Hopkins.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/19970605132915/http://www.gdb.org/ archived version of the GDB website (1997)
Genome databases |
4017862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chembai | Chembai | Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar a.k.a. Vaidyanatha Iyer (1 September 1896 – 16 October 1974) was a Carnatic music singer from Palakkad (state of Kerala, India). Known by his village name Chembai, or simply as Bhagavatar, he was born to Anantha Bhagavatar and Parvati Ammal in 1896, into a Tamil Brahmin family in Perakkool Madom (Parvati Ammal's birth home), adjacent to Lokanarkavu near Vatakara on Janmashtami day. He lived here until he was five years old. The family later shifted to Palakkad. Chembai was noted for his powerful voice and majestic style of singing. His first public performance was in 1904, when he was nine. A recipient of several titles and honours (including the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi in 1951), he was known for his encouragement of upcoming musicians and ability to spot new talent. He was responsible for popularising compositions like Rakshamam Saranagatam and Pavana Guru, among others. The music critic 'Aeolus' described him as "the musician who has meant the most to Carnatic Music in the first fifty years of the 20th century." His prominent disciples include Chembai Narayana Bhagavathar, Mangu Thampuran, Guruvayur Ponnammal, T. V. Gopalakrishnan, V. V. Subramaniam, P. Leela, K. G. Jayan, K. G. Vijayan, K. J. Yesudas, Kudumaru Venkataraman and Babu Parameswaran, among others. He also mentored many young accompanists, including Palghat Mani Iyer, Lalgudi Jayaraman, M. S. Gopalakrishnan, T. N. Krishnan, Palani Subramaniam Pillai and L. Subramaniam. Memorial music festivals have been held in his honour annually since his death in 1974, the most important being the annually celebrated Chembai Sangeetholsavam.
Early life
The family's connection with classical music spans five centuries. Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar's father, Anantha Bhagavatar, was a violinist and singer from Chembai, near Palakkad, to whom a local Maharaja awarded the title "Ghana Chakratanam", indicating his mastery of a special closed-mouth style of singing tanam. At age 3, Chembai began to learn Carnatic music from his father in the customary guru-sishya tradition, and also began violin and flute training in 1912. Chembai is also one of 12 names of Sirkazhi, the birthplace of saint Gnanasambandar 7th century CE in TN.
Singing career
Some of the noteworthy early events that helped shape Chembai's career include his arangetram (debut concert) in Ottapalam in 1904, performances at Vaikom and Guruvayur in 1907, his year with Kaliakudi Natesa Sastry (1909) and the accolades he received from Palghat Anantharama Bhagavatar (1911). Between 1913 and 1927, he performed at many different music festivals and sabhas, notably including the Madras Music Academy and the often forgotten Jagannatha Bhakta Sabha.
Chembai in 1952 he had lost his voice and couldn’t chant the name of his favourite deity, Guruvayurappan. He prayed fervently and apparently his prayers were answered when a stranger gave treatment to his voice for 18 days in Poomallianmana in Kerala at the residence of Nilakantan Namboodripad. He came around and was able to sing with increased vigour. Since then, he donated the majority of his earnings to Guruvayoor temple.
Release of recordings
Chembai has many phonograph recordings to his credit, recorded from 1932 to 1946. Those were the days before the advent of the concert microphone, and a singer was entirely dependent on the timbre and reach of his voice for a successful concert. Chembai was blessed with a voice of great depth. Further, the perception that Chembai's repertoire of songs was limited is highly incorrect. The number of different compositions he recorded is in the hundreds (let alone the total number he performed in concerts and on radio during his career).
Lalita Dasar Kritis (1945)
Chembai's old friend, T. G. Krishna Iyer, from Tripunithura, had settled in Madras (now Chennai) and offered a house to Chembai on Palace Road near Santhome. He had composed some 155 kritis in Telugu, Malayalam, Tamil and Sanskrit under the mudra 'Lalita dasar' and requested Chembai to popularise them. Chembai set the kritis to classical music and got them published under the name Lalita Dasar Keertanaigal. He made it a practice to sing these kritis in most of his concerts. He also released a record containing selected kritis from Lalita Dasar's kritis like Evariki Telusunamma (Dhanyasi), Ennil Kaninda (Shankarabharanam), Pavana Guru (Hamsanandi), Varijadala Lochani (Arabhi), among others.
Performing ability and style
Chembai had a vigorous, strong, vibrant, ringing and resonant voice. He would sing in a clear, open-throated style that requires high levels of physical and mental endurance to pull off, yet, he did so in a seemingly effortless manner. He had a wonderful sense of accurate kala pramana (time measure). He could do a niraval and swaraprastara from any given point, which bespoke of mental alertness in a concert. His empathy for his accompanists and disciples was noteworthy and he would go to great lengths to encourage them.
Other stalwarts have admired the strengths in Chembai's singing. For instance, upon witnessing that Chembai was able to sing three major concerts in a single day, Sangeetha Kalanidhi G. N. Balasubramaniam is said to have remarked "These are not ordinary men. These are the Asuras of the music field. If I sing one concert, I need to rest the whole of next day". Legendary percussionist Pudukkottai Dakshinamurthy Pillai would call him "Laya Brahma" for his impeccable grasp of tala and laya. Sangeetha Kalanidhi K. V. Narayanaswamy has also remarked on Chembai's ability to hold notes aligned perfectly to sruti for extended intervals of time.
Disciples
Chembai had many students, including K. J. Yesudas and many noted musicians like Sangeetha Kalanidhi T. V. Gopalakrishnan, P. Leela, and the Jaya-Vijaya twins, Kudumaru Venkataraman, Paramasivan Bhagavathar and others.
Death
Chembai died suddenly on 16 October 1974, aged 78, of a cardiac arrest. Shortly before that, he performed his last concert at Poozhikkunnu Sreekrishna temple in Ottapalam (the venue of his first concert), and concluded the concert with his favourite song "Karuna Cheivan Endu Thamasam Krishna" (Why is there so much delay in conferring your mercy, Krishna?). He was talking to his disciple Olappamanna Vasudevan Namboothiripad when he suddenly collapsed and died. His nephew said he had always spoken about an easy death, and had attained it. He was cremated in his birth village. He was survived by his wife and daughter, both of them who died later. The Govt. Musical College in Palakkad was renamed as 'Chembai Memorial Govt' Musical College' in his memory.
Awards and titles
Chembai received several awards and titles during his career, most notably including:
"Gayana Gandharva" (a title bestowed by Kalki Krishnamurthy in 1940)
Sangeetha Kalanidhi (1951; highest accolade in Carnatic music)
Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1958)
Sangeetha Kalasikhamani (1964; by The Fine Arts Society, Chennai)
Padma Bhushan (1973) – The Padma Bhushan is a national award bestowed by the President of India on select musicians and other eminent people. Chembai was selected to receive the award in 1973 from the then president V. V. Giri.
The Department of Posts, Govt of India released a special issue stamp in Chembai's birth centenary year (1996).
Music festivals
Chembai had been conducting a music festival in his native village from 1924 onwards. This was continued by his family and now by Chembai Sreenivasan and Chembai Suresh (C. A. Subramanian). The concert, called Chembai Ekadasi Music Festival, is held annually in February–March. Chembai also held a music festival on Guruvayur Ekadasi Day (mid-November) at Guruvayur every year. This festival, now called Chembai Sangeetholsavam in his honour, is officially conducted by the Guruvayur Devaswom Board.
Guruvayurappan Chembai Puraskaram
The Sri Guvayurappan Chembai Puraskaram, awarded by Sree Krishna Temple, Guruvayur, is instituted in Chembai's memory of the late Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavathar. This award, comprising a cash prize of INR 50,001, a gold locket of Sree Guruvayurappan, a citation and ponnadai, is usually presented during the annual Chembai Music Festival.
The recipients of the Chembai puraskaram include:
Saxophonist Kadri Gopalnath (2013)
Carnatic musician Trichur V. Ramachandran
Veena maestro A. Ananthapadmanabhan (2011)
Carnatic musician K. G. Jayan (2010)
Carnatic vocalist Parassala Ponnammal (2009)
Mridangam maestro Mavelikkara Velukkutty Nair (2008)
Carnatic vocalist M. Balamuralikrishna (2007)
Violin maestro M. S. Gopalakrishnan (2006)
Carnatic musician and mridangam maestro T V Gopalakrishnan (2005)
See also
Carnatic music
List of Carnatic singers
References
External links
http://chembai.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20060610105948/http://chembaismruthi.org/
https://web.archive.org/web/20070104210611/http://www.cmana.org/cmana/articles/gmcm.htm
accompanied by Chowdiah on the violin and Palghat Mani Iyer on the Mridangam
Male Carnatic singers
Carnatic singers
Carnatic instrumentalists
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Sangeetha Kalanidhi recipients
1896 births
1974 deaths
People from Palakkad district
Singers from Kerala
20th-century Indian male classical singers |
4017867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Fagr | El Fagr | El Fagr (; also Al Fagr, "The dawn") is an Egyptian independent weekly newspaper, based in Cairo.
History and profile
El Fagr was first published on 3 June 2005. The paper is part of Al-Fagr for Printing and Publishing Inc. The weekly, published on Thursdays, is a sensationalist publication.
Hassan Amr is one of the former editors of the paper. As of 2013 Manal Lashin was the editor-in-chief of the weekly.
In its 21st edition, dated 17 October 2005, El Fagr was the first newspaper worldwide to republish on its front page (one cartoon) and page 17, a total of six cartoons portraying the Islamic prophet Muhammad of twelve cartoons originally published in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten. These twelve cartoons gave rise to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. However, these caricatures received little attention in Egypt and the paper was not banned due to its reprints of the caricatures.
In March 2006 Amira Malsh, a journalist working for El Fagr, was sentenced to a year in prison with hard labor because of libeling a judge in an article published in the paper.
In 2013 the weekly started an award in the memory of Al Husseiny Abu Deif, a journalist who died in December 2012 during clashes among the demonstrators.
On 3 October 2019, Facebook reported that it had removed El Fagr'''s accounts and pages on the Facebook and Instagram platforms due to the news organization conducting "Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior." Facebook alleged that El Fagr had created fake accounts and pages posing as independent news organizations to mislead audiences across the Middle East and North Africa and criticize Iran, Turkey, and Qatar.
On 2 April 2020, Twitter reported that it had removed 2,541 accounts associated with a covert information operation attributed to El Fagr and that El Fagr'' was receiving direction from the Egyptian government.
References
External links
– Reproductions of 17 October 2005 edition
Assyrian International News Agency commentary on the El Fagr republication
2005 establishments in Egypt
Arabic-language newspapers
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
Newspapers published in Cairo
Weekly newspapers published in Egypt
Newspapers established in 2005 |
4017873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preparations%20for%20Hurricane%20Katrina | Preparations for Hurricane Katrina | This article covers the details of the Preparations for Hurricane Katrina, a major category 5 hurricane that devastated parts of New Orleans, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, as well as the Hurricane Pam simulation and NWS forecasts that led to the U.S. government's decision to establish a Bipartisan Congressional Committee to investigate the country's preparedness for and response to Hurricane Katrina.
Preparations by location
South Florida
Many people living in the South Florida area were unaware when Katrina strengthened from a tropical storm to a hurricane in one day and struck southern Florida on August 25, 2005, near the Miami-Dade – Broward county line. However, National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecasts had correctly predicted the strengthening, and hurricane watches and warnings were properly issued nearly 6–8 days, respectively, before hurricane conditions were felt in the area.
Florida Governor Jeb Bush declared a state of emergency on August 24 in advance of Hurricane Katrina's landfall in Florida. Shelters were opened and schools closed in several counties in the southern part of the state. A number of evacuation orders were also issued, mostly voluntary, although a mandatory evacuation was ordered for vulnerable housing in Martin County.
Gulf Coast
On August 27, after Hurricane Katrina crossed southern Florida and strengthened to a Category 3 storm, President George W. Bush declared a state of emergency in Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi two days before the hurricane made landfall.
On August 28, the National Weather Service in Slidell, Louisiana issued a bulletin predicting "devastating" damage rivaling the intensity of Hurricane Camille. Mandatory evacuations were issued for large areas of southeast Louisiana as well as coastal Mississippi and Alabama.
On Sunday, August 28, Canadian National Railway (CN) suspended all rail traffic on its lines south of McComb, Mississippi (lines owned by its subsidiary Illinois Central Railroad that extend into New Orleans), in anticipation of damage from the hurricane. To help ease the resumption of services after the storm passes, CN also issued an embargo with the Association of American Railroads against all deliveries to points south of Osyka, Mississippi. CSX Transportation also suspended service south of Montgomery, Alabama until further notice.
Amtrak, America's rail passenger carrier, announced that the southbound City of New Orleans passenger trains from Chicago, from August 29 through September 3, would terminate in Memphis, Tennessee, rather than their usual destination of New Orleans. The corresponding northbound trains would also originate in Memphis. The southbound Crescent from New York City, for the same period, terminated in Atlanta, with the corresponding northbound trains originating in Atlanta as well. Amtrak's westbound Sunset Limited originated in San Antonio, Texas, rather than its normal origin point of Orlando, Florida. Amtrak announced that no alternate transportation options would be made available into or out of the affected area.
The Waterford nuclear power plant was also shut down on Sunday, August 28, in anticipation of Katrina's arrival.
New Orleans
By August 26, the possibility of unprecedented cataclysm was already being considered. Some computer models were putting the city of New Orleans right in the center of their track probabilities, and the chances of a direct hit were forecast at 17% (with strike probability rising to 29% by August 28). This scenario was considered a potential catastrophe because 80% of the New Orleans metropolitan area is below sea level along Lake Pontchartrain. Since the storm surge produced by the hurricane's right-front quadrant (containing the strongest winds) was more than 20 ft (6 m) near Biloxi, emergency management officials in New Orleans feared that the storm surge could go over the tops of levees protecting the city, causing major flooding. This risk of devastation had been known for some time; previous studies by FEMA and the Army Corps of Engineers had warned that a direct hurricane strike on New Orleans could lead to massive flooding, which would lead to thousands of drowning deaths, as well as many more suffering from disease and dehydration, as the flood waters slowly receded from the city.
At a news conference 10:00 AM on August 28, shortly after Katrina was upgraded to a Category 5 storm, New Orleans mayor Ray Nagin ordered the first ever mandatory evacuation of the city, calling Katrina, "a storm that most of us have long feared" and also saying it was "a once-in-a-lifetime event". To speed up the evacuations, authorities used contraflow lane reversal on Interstate 10 leading west of New Orleans, as well as on Interstate 55 and 59 leading north from the city. The city government also established a "refuge of last resort" for citizens who could not leave the city, at the massive Louisiana Superdome, which housed approximately 26,000 people with food and water for two days as the storm came ashore. The Louisiana National Guard delivered three truckloads of water and seven truckloads of MRE's to the Superdome, "enough to supply 15,000 people for three days" said Colonel Jay Mayeaux, director of the Department of Homeland Security's office for emergency preparedness.
Louisiana's hurricane evacuation plan calls for local governments in areas along and near the coast to call for evacuations in three phases, starting with the immediate coast 50 hours before the start of tropical storm force winds. Persons in areas designated Phase II begin evacuating 40 hours before the onset of tropical storm winds and those in Phase III areas (including New Orleans) evacuate 30 hours before the start of such winds.
However, many parishes were not able to provide sufficient transportation for citizens who did not have private means of evacuation, and many private care-taking facilities who relied on the same bus companies and ambulance services for evacuation were unable to evacuate their charges. Fuel and rental cars were in short supply and many forms of public transportation had been shut down well before the storm arrived. The end result was that hundreds of thousands of residents and tourists were unable to evacuate and remained in the city. Nonetheless, some estimates claimed that 90-92% of the 1.3 million residents of the New Orleans metropolitan region evacuated including 80% of Orleans parish. More than 80,000 people were homeless at the time.
Hurricane Pam simulation
Months before Hurricane Katrina made landfall on New Orleans, a hurricane simulation was created to warn the city of a potential hurricane crisis and its devastating outcomes. The simulation was named Pam, in which a category 3 hurricane's strong winds and flooding caused the levee system of New Orleans to fail and leave the city underwater. Many emergency officials were stunned by the lack of response to Hurricane Pam's simulation, expressing their concerns that if a disaster like this did occur, the effects would be catastrophic.
It was indeed confirmed that Pam's disaster plan was seen by FEMA and Louisiana state officials, to no avail. Under Hurricane Pam's disaster plan, it was decided that preparations for the hurricane should have been happening for three days prior to the hurricane's arrival on land. In New Orleans, a mandatory evacuation was not ordered by the city until approximately 20 hours before Hurricane Katrina made landfall. On top of this, it was important that officials representing FEMA had critical resources ready to go before the storm hit the city, which they failed to do so. While it is true that the authorities of the city and state government were mainly in charge of moving people to safety, Hurricane Pam's disaster plan noted that there was a scarcity of resources in support shelters for the state of Louisiana.
Shortly thereafter the effects of Hurricane Katrina were evident, President Bush made it clear that he wanted there to be an investigation regarding the government's preparedness for and response to Hurricane Katrina.
National Weather Center Forecast and Warning Services
The National Weather Center's (NWS) services are provided collaboratively with several different offices that specialize in certain areas regarding the weather. Some of these offices include the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and the Hydro-meteorological Prediction Center (HPC). The NHC is a component for the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, and the HPC is a provider of weather forecasts and analyses that support the NWS.
Along with this, the HPC supplies the NHC with precipitation statements. After what is considered a tropical storm progresses inward on land and the NHS terminates any alerts they put out, the HPC then accepts the authority of watching over the system. The two offices work hand in hand with one another to ensure the most accurate information is released to the public.
The storm that became Hurricane Katrina was recognized by both the NHC and HPC on August 22. After waiting a few days to monitor development, the HPC started formulating precipitation statements for Hurricane Katrina on August 24. on August 30, the HPC accepted responsibility for the release of warnings regarding Katrina. On August 31, the hurricane system was consumed by a system near the Great Lakes of the east, so the HPC terminated their advisories for Katrina.
The NHC and HPC are essential to one another, especially in that the HPC routinely executes service backup for the NHC. An example of this is when the HPC conducted a respective amount of drills for service backup in the summer months leading up to Katrina. During Hurricane Katrina's landfall, the NHC's implementation and execution of policies was seen as excellent by many government emergency officials. Throughout the tracking of Hurricane Katrina, the NHC's forecasts were very consistent and provided strong evidence for the intensity and power of the storm. Not only were the forecasts made by the NHC accurate, but they were also timely, which allowed for workforce management operation members to in turn provide accurate information to their counterparts. As well as the accuracy and timeliness of the NHC's forecast, it was precisely expected that Hurricane Katrina would be a massive hurricane that caused detrimental effects to the northern Gulf coast.
What seemed shocking to many after Hurricane Katrina had passed was the government failing to do much about the forecasts released by the NHC. It seemed clear to many what the potential effects of Katrina could amount to, yet the storm was not treated how it should have been.
Congressional Committee Establishment
On September 15, 2005, it was announced that a Bipartisan Congressional Committee had been established to investigate the United States government's preparations for and responses to Hurricane Katrina. This decision was preceded by many different positions of members of the House of Representatives, which are outlined below.
Arguments for the Establishment of a Congressional Committee
Honorable David Dreier was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1980. He was a Republican Representative from California, and served as the House Rules Committee's Chairman. The following information is regarding the House of Representatives' debate and more specifically, Honorable Dreier's viewpoint on whether to establish a Bipartisan Congressional Committee to investigate the U.S. government's preparations for Hurricane Katrina.
Honorable Dreier agreed with President Bush when he claimed that there were many undesirable characteristics of the government's initial response to Hurricane Katrina. In his debate to the House of Representatives, Honorable Dreier expressed that the Federal Emergency Management System's (FEMA) department head had resigned after the events of Hurricane Katrina. He stated that from what happened during the disaster, there were certainly lessons to be taken away. He called for action from his fellow representatives that there must be an acceptance of the Executive Branch's powers to investigate what went wrong in the response to Hurricane Katrina. In his strong declaration to the House of Representatives, Honorable Dreier made it very clear that a Bipartisan Congressional Committee was necessary in order to follow the nation's precedents and traditions.
As well as this, many delegates viewed an independent commission to be a ridiculous idea and redundant of sorts. They believe that Americans wanted immediate solutions to the hurdles they were being faced with as a result of the lack of preparation for Hurricane Katrina.
Arguments Against the Establishment of a Congressional Committee
In 1993, Honorable Bennie Thompson was elected to the United States House of Representatives. He was a Democratic Representative from Mississippi, and served as the Mayor of Bolton from the years 1973 to 1979. He also serves as the Homeland Security Committee's Ranking Minority Member. Below is information regarding Honorable Thompson's viewpoint on whether to establish a Bipartisan Congressional Committee during the debate of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Honorable Thompson's opposition began with his perspective that it is not necessary for a Congressional Committee to be entrusted with the investigation. He compared Congress being permitted to investigate the government's preparedness to a fox guarding a hen house, in which he stated that the government is not safeguarding what needs to be safeguarded. He strongly believed that instead of establishing a Congressional Committee, there should be an independent assessment of where the government went wrong. As the Ranking Minority Member of the Homeland Security Committee, he submitted a document outlining the complexity of the problems regarding what happened during Hurricane Katrina and the need for an independent assessment.
As well as Honorable Bennie Thompson, many other delegates of the U.S. House of Representatives were not shy in sharing their viewpoints as to why there should not have been a Congressional Committee Established. They gave their perspectives on a variety of issues why a Congressional Committee was an inadequate idea. Many members of the Democratic party were not keen about establishing this Congressional Committee, as it would have been composed of mainly Republican delegates. The Democrats involved in voicing their opinions did not want the power to be only in the hands of the Republicans, and therefore, voted in opposition of the establishment.
References
Karina Preparations |
4017877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five%20Elite%20Generals | Five Elite Generals | The Five Elite Generals refer to five military generals serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. They later served in the state of Cao Wei, founded by Cao Cao's son and successor Cao Pi, during the Three Kingdoms period. The five were Yu Jin, Zhang He, Yue Jin, Zhang Liao and Xu Huang.
The biographies of the five generals are found in the historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) written by Chen Shou in the third century. After writing the biographies, Chen Shou commented: "Throughout Cao Cao's military exploits, these five were the crème de la crème of the best generals of that era."
Chen Shou then appraised Yu Jin, Zhang He and Yue Jin as follows:
"Yu Jin was persistent and steady but he did not remain firm until the end."
"Zhang He was famous for his ability to adapt well to changes in the situations he faced."
"Yue Jin made his name due to his bravery but his deeds are not supported by other historical sources. It could be due to lapses in documentation, which is why (information on Yue Jin) is not as complete as compared to that on Zhang Liao and Xu Huang.
See also
Five Tiger Generals
Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
References
Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
Cao Wei generals |
4017878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda%20Betham-Edwards | Matilda Betham-Edwards | Matilda Betham-Edwards (4 March 1836, in Westerfield, Ipswich – 4 January 1919, in Hastings) was an English novelist, travel writer and Francophile, and a prolific poet, who corresponded with several well-known English male poets of the day. In addition, she wrote a number of children's books.
Biography
Betham-Edwards was the fourth daughter of a farmer, Edward Edwards (c. 1808–1864) and his wife Barbara (1806–1848), daughter of William Betham (1749–1839), an antiquary and cleric. She was educated in Ipswich and as a governess-pupil at a school in London.
Her first novel, The White House by the Sea (1857) was an immediate success, reprinted several times, pirated in the United States, and in print for forty years. Matilda studied French and German abroad and then settled with her sister in Suffolk to manage the farm which had belonged to her father. Not content, however, with purely rural occupations, she contributed from time to time to Household Words, having the advantage at this time of the friendship of Charles Dickens and an early association with Charles and Mary Lamb, friends of her mother.
On her sister's death, she moved to London and wrote a number of novels of French life based on her frequent visits to France and her intimate knowledge of provincial French homes, as well as children's books, and non-fiction books about France. She was published by George and Richard Bentley. She stayed in Algeria with the feminist educationalist Barbara Bodichon and visited France and Spain with her.
Of Huguenot descent, she considered France her second native land and made it her mission to bring about better understanding and sympathy between the two countries which shared her allegiance. In this way, she did much to promote a better understanding between English and French people. The French government made her an Officier de l’Instruction Publique de France in recognition of her untiring efforts towards the establishment of a genuine and lasting entente cordiale. She was awarded a medal at the Franco-British Exhibition (1908).
Betham-Edwards is often cited in anthologies of lesbian poetry. She died in Hastings, Sussex in 1919. Professor Joan Rees has written the only biography of Matilda Betham-Edwards, in 2006 (see below).
Works by Matilda Betham-Edwards
See also
Mary Matilda Betham
List of English novelists
English literature
References
External links
Biography of Matilda Betham Edwards by Professor Joan Rees
1836 births
1919 deaths
English women poets
British women travel writers
English women novelists
English travel writers
English women non-fiction writers |
4017885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20Acre%20Castle%20and%20town%20walls | Castle Acre Castle and town walls | Castle Acre Castle and town walls are a set of ruined medieval defences built in the village of Castle Acre, Norfolk. The castle was built soon after the Norman Conquest by William de Warenne, the Earl of Surrey, at the intersection of the River Nar and the Peddars Way. William constructed a motte-and-bailey castle during the 1070s, protected by large earthwork ramparts, with a large country house in the centre of the motte. Soon after, a small community of Cluniac monks were given the castle's chapel in the outer bailey; under William, the second earl, the order was given land and estates to establish Castle Acre Priory alongside the castle. A deer park was created nearby for hunting.
After civil war broke out in England in 1135, the third earl, also called William, set about improving the defences of the castle. He began to build a tall keep on top of the motte, reinforcing the surrounding earthworks with stone walls. A planned settlement was established alongside the castle, surrounded by its own earthworks and walls, and the Peddars Way was redirected to pass by the castle, town and priory, all important symbols of the de Warennes' power in the region. Hamelin de Warenne acquired the castle through marriage and curtailed the building work on the keep around 1165, but completed the construction of three large stone gatehouses in the castle and town. One of these, the town's bailey gate, still survives intact.
The de Warennes continued to hold the castle until 1347, when it was inherited by Richard Fitzalan, the Earl of Arundel. By 1397 the fortifications were in ruins and, despite restoration work by Sir Edward Coke at the start of the 17th century, the decline continued until the 20th century. In 1971, Thomas Coke, the Earl of Leicester, placed the castle into the guardianship of the state. In the 21st century, it is managed by English Heritage and open to visitors. Historic England consider the castle's huge defensive earthworks to be "among the finest surviving in England".
History
11th century
Castle Acre Castle was built by William de Warenne, the Earl of Surrey, in the manor of Acre during the 1070s. William was a Norman lord who had accompanied William the Conqueror in the conquest of England in 1066; he was rewarded with extensive estates across England. Acre was already an Anglo-Saxon estate centre and at the time of the invasion was owned by a wealthy man called Toki, but he was quickly replaced by Frederick, a Flemish lord and William's brother-in-law. When Frederick died around 1070, William acquired control of the manor, which formed part of his massive land holdings across the region.
The castle was strategically located where the River Nar met the Peddars Way, an old Roman road, at the centre of Warenne's other estates in Norfolk, and may have been built on top of Toki's former house. The castle had a motte-and-bailey design: its large outer and inner baileys were protected by earthworks and palisades, and a stone gatehouse was added to the inner bailey shortly afterwards. In the centre of the inner bailey was a grand double-hall built from stone, but this was not fortified and would have been more like a country house than a conventional Norman keep.
William gave St Mary's, the former parish church which was now surrounded by the castle's outer bailey, to the Cluniac order of monks, along with of farmland. By 1088 a handful of monks had arrived from Lewes, where William had also founded a Cluniac community, to settle at the castle. William's son, the second Earl William de Warrene, gave the monks a more spacious area of land to the west of the castle, probably in 1090, where they built Castle Acre Priory; the construction took a long time, and the priory was not fully completed until the 1160s. Monastic sites like the priory would have given their founders, and their associated castles, considerable prestige. A deer park was constructed near Castle Acre, with farmed rabbit warrens established around its edges.
12th century
Robert Curthose, the Duke of Normandy, invaded England in 1101 with the backing of many of the barons, but was persuaded to halt his campaign and return to Normandy after King Henry I bought him off with a substantial annuity. William de Warrenne had backed the duke during his campaign, however, and now found himself politically exposed. He was exiled and disseised of his English estates, including Castle Acre, until in 1103 the duke was able to persuade Henry to permit William to return and reclaim his lands.
After 1135, a civil war known as the Anarchy broke out between the supporters of King Stephen and the Empress Matilda. William supported Stephen, as did his son, the third Earl William de Warenne, when he inherited the earldom in 1138. There was fighting across much of the country, although less so in Norfolk, but William also faced challenges to his preeminence in the region from the growing power of the d'Albinis and de Vere families. In response, William remodelled Castle Acre Castle. Around 1140, the earthworks were raised considerably and the double-hall was first strengthened, and then began to be converted into a very tall, square keep. The timber ramparts of the inner bailey were replaced with a stone wall, and the height of the earthworks around the outer bailey were raised and topped with a stone wall.
A fortified, planned settlement was built alongside the castle around this time. The small community was not quite a proper town and was effectively dependent on the castle; such settlements are sometimes called burgus settlements or "castle-gate" towns. The historians Oliver Creighton and Robert Higham suggest the settlement's earthwork defences and stone walls resemble an "enormous outer bailey" of the castle, rather a more conventional set of town walls. The walled settlement would have formed an important symbol of William's lordship.
As part of these works, the Peddars Way was redirected. It had previously run straight across the de Warenne estates, but it was now diverted so that travellers coming from the south had to leave the main road, progress west around the priory and the castle fishpond, before reaching the southern end of the walled town and the route to the north. If they intended to enter the castle, they would have needed to enter through the town's western gate, then the castle's gatehouse, before probably passing through a ceremonial sequence of rooms in order to finally meet the lord. The route was designed to highlight the important symbols of the de Warenne lordship of the region and provide a dramatic view of the castle, and may have been a response to the political uncertainties of the Anarchy years.
William died in 1148 while taking part in the Second Crusade, leaving the castle and lands to his daughter, Isabel de Warenne, who was then married to King Stephen's son, William of Bois. In 1153, however, Stephen faced a military stalemate in the civil war and agreed that Matilda's son, the future Henry II, should inherit the throne on his death, rather than William of Bois. Henry assumed power the next year and took control of various castles across England, including Castle Acre. Henry then married Isabel to his illegitimate brother, Hamelin de Warenne, in 1164, who acquired the castle along with the other de Warrenne lands. Hamelin changed the plan for the castle: the original ambition for the height of the keep was reduced and the southern half of the building was demolished. It is unclear if even this less ambitious building was ever completed. Hamelin also probably built the two gatehouses in the town, and the western gatehouse in the castle's outer bailey.
13th-14th centuries
The castle and settlement continued to be mostly held by the de Warennes until 1347. The castle was frequented by royalty, Henry III visiting the castle at least four times, and Edward I visiting five times. The seventh earl, John de Warenne, married Joan, the niece of Edward II, but the marriage failed and instead he chose to live with his mistress Maud Nereford. This situation led to threats of excommunication. In 1316, John therefore gave Castle Acre to Aymer de Valence, the Earl of Pembroke and England's Ambassador to Rome, probably to encourage him to present a petition to the Pope to annul the marriage the following year. John later reacquired the castle, but he died in 1347 with no legitimate heirs.
Richard Fitzalan, the Earl of Arundel, inherited the estate but by 1397 the castle was in ruins. The surrounding settlement remained small and never became a borough, although the priory prospered.
15th-21st centuries
After 1537, Thomas Howard, the Duke of Norfolk, leased the ruins of the castle and the adjacent priory, which had been closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. His grandson, Thomas Howard, sold the properties to the financier Sir Thomas Gresham in 1558, and in turn they were purchased by first Thomas Cecil, the Earl of Exeter, and then in 1615 to Sir Edward Coke, a prominent lawyer. Edward, who was interested in history and possibly keen to reinforce his own credentials as a new entrant to the English elite, carried out repairs to the castle at a cost of £60.
The castle was passed down within Coke's family, who became the earls of Leicester. Over the years the walls were robbed of their stone and the site used for grazing animals; the antiquarian Henry Harrod noted in 1857 that "every house in the neighbourhood has some of the stone-work of the castle...in its walls". With the closure of the priory and the abandonment of the castle, the prosperity of the settlement of Castle Acre also declined. Antiquarian interest in the sites grew from the 18th century onward, and archaeological investigations took place in the 1850s and 1930s, but visitors were mostly more interested in the ruins of the priory than those of the castle.
In 1971, Thomas Coke, the fifth Earl of Leicester, placed the castle into the guardianship of the state. Major archaeological excavations were carried out between 1972 and 1983, focusing on the inner bailey. In the 21st century, the castle and the bailey gate are managed by English Heritage and open to visitors. The castle and the settlement defences are protected under UK law as a scheduled ancient monument, and the bailey gate is further protected as a Grade I listed building.
Architecture
Castle Acre Castle comprises three main earthworks: a motte and inner bailey to the north, an outer bailey to the south, and a barbican to the north-east. The medieval settlement of Castle Acre was linked to the western edge of the castle, and enclosed by its own circuit of earthwork defences and walls. Historic England consider the castle's huge defensive earthworks to be "among the finest surviving in England"
The castle's large outer bailey is rectangular in shape, covering , surrounded by earth banks and, on the east and west, deep ditches. Fragments of its 12th-century stone walls survive in places. The main entrance to the castle came from the town through the north-west corner of the outer bailey; this was defended by a stone gatehouse and a portcullis, of which only the foundations now survive. Two other gates from the bailey led north-east into the barbican, and south down to the River Nar. The outer bailey would have contained a hall, kitchen, accommodation and a chapel, although only traces of these can now be seen on the surface. The route into the earthwork barbican was guarded by a gateway and a bridge. The barbican was designed to protect the castle's exposed north-eastern flank and had its own entrance from the eastern side.
The inner bailey is reached by a bridge, which was originally made from wood, later rebuilt in stone, before replaced by the current steel version in the 20th century. The inner bailey comprises a roughly circular earthwork, up to high, topped by the remains of a stone curtain wall and protected by ditches, now about deep. The earthworks form a raised motte, although they combine features of a circular ringwork. The ruins of the 12th-century keep and the foundations of the 11th-century house, constructed from chalk rubble, remain visible and are surrounded by much of the rampart wall, made from chalk rubble and flint.
The planned settlement of Castle Acre was in size, covering . There are well-preserved ramparts along the west and south side, known as Dyke Hills, the surviving ditch being around wide and deep, and the bank high. The bailey gatehouse was built from flint stone and defended with two drum towers and a portcullis. It survives largely intact, although is roofless. Parts of the settlement's stone wall survive alongside the bailey gatehouse, and along the southern ramparts.
See also
Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
List of castles in England
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
English Heritage visitors' page
Grade I listed buildings in Norfolk
Castles in Norfolk
English Heritage sites in Norfolk
Scheduled monuments in Norfolk
Archaeology of Norfolk |
4017902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal%20gamma%20function | Reciprocal gamma function | In mathematics, the reciprocal gamma function is the function
where denotes the gamma function. Since the gamma function is meromorphic and nonzero everywhere in the complex plane, its reciprocal is an entire function. As an entire function, it is of order 1 (meaning that grows no faster than ), but of infinite type (meaning that grows faster than any multiple of , since its growth is approximately proportional to in the left-hand plane).
The reciprocal is sometimes used as a starting point for numerical computation of the gamma function, and a few software libraries provide it separately from the regular gamma function.
Karl Weierstrass called the reciprocal gamma function the "factorielle" and used it in his development of the Weierstrass factorization theorem.
Infinite product expansion
Following from the infinite product definitions for the gamma function, due to Euler and Weierstrass respectively, we get the following infinite product expansion for the reciprocal gamma function:
where is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. These expansions are valid for all complex numbers .
Taylor series
Taylor series expansion around 0 gives:
where is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. For , the coefficient for the term can be computed recursively as
where is the Riemann zeta function. An integral representation for these coefficients was recently found by Fekih-Ahmed (2014):
For small values, these give the following values:
Fekih-Ahmed (2014) also gives an approximation for :
where and is the minus-first branch of the Lambert W function.
The Taylor expansion around 1 has the same (but shifted) coefficients, i.e.:
(the reciprocal of Gauss' pi-function).
Asymptotic expansion
As goes to infinity at a constant we have:
Contour integral representation
An integral representation due to Hermann Hankel is
where is the Hankel contour, that is, the path encircling 0 in the positive direction, beginning at and returning to positive infinity with respect for the branch cut along the positive real axis. According to Schmelzer & Trefethen, numerical evaluation of Hankel's integral is the basis of some of the best methods for computing the gamma function.
Integral representations at the positive integers
For positive integers , there is an integral for the reciprocal factorial function given by
Similarly, for any real and we have the next integral for the reciprocal gamma function along the real axis in the form of :
where the particular case when provides a corresponding relation for the reciprocal double factorial function,
Integral along the real axis
Integration of the reciprocal gamma function along the positive real axis gives the value
which is known as the Fransén–Robinson constant.
See also
Bessel–Clifford function
Inverse-gamma distribution
References
Mette Lund, An integral for the reciprocal Gamma function
Milton Abramowitz & Irene A. Stegun, Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables
Eric W. Weisstein, Gamma Function, MathWorld
Gamma and related functions
Analytic functions |
4017906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belmont%2C%20Dallas | Belmont, Dallas | Belmont is a neighborhood in East Dallas, Texas founded by Dallas pioneer and civic leader, Colonel Henry Exall. On May 1, 1890 Mr. Exall submitted the Belmont Plat Map to the City of Dallas. Belmont consisted of a 160-acre parcel from the original Allen Beard survey and a 10-acre parcel from the original Robert Ray Survey. The Belmont neighborhood is located near Lower Greenville. The neighborhood's boundaries are Greenville Avenue to the West, Skillman Avenue to the East. The North border is the center of LLano Ave. The South border is the center of Prospect Ave in the 5700 and 5800 blocks. It then turns South down the center of Delmar Ave to the center of Oram Ave and continues East down the Center of Oram to Skillman.
Early history
Colonel Exall planned to make Belmont the most attractive residential portion of Dallas. His plans included five-ft wide sidewalks, Macadamized streets, terraced lots. a Deed restrictions required all new homes to cost of at least $2,000 at the time of construction. Utilities and an artesian water well were also planned to run to each lot. However, when the panic of 1893 gripped the nation; the underdeveloped Belmont was sold at the Dallas County Courthouse on May 1, 1894, at 4 PM. The highest bidder was Adolphus Busch of St. Louis, MO. He paid $20,000 for the remaining lots. Mr. Busch had originally financed Exall for the Belmont purchase.
The lots sat vacant for more that 17 years and they became overgrown with native Bois d’Arc trees, sunflowers, and weeds. On June 23, 1911, Mr. Busch's son, and heir, August Anheuser Busch, sold and financed 478 of the original 624 lots in Belmont to the Belmont Land Company. Ben T. Seay, a Belmont Addition property owner along with Rhodes S. Baker and Jeff D. Robinson, founded The Belmont Land Company just days before they purchased the land in 1911. The Belmont Land Company launched and aggressive and creative advertising campaign that put Belmont back on the map.
Architecture
Although a few of the original two-story homes and bungalows remain, the neighborhood has preserved most of its original charm and architectural styles. A combination of new and older homes in the Craftsman, Prairie, Colonial Revival, Tudors as well as other early 20th century architectural style homes, along with its mature trees and easygoing lifestyle, give this neighborhood a sense of place and time.
Belmont Conservation District
In 2004, the Belmont Conservation District was formed, through the passage of a Dallas City Ordinance, with the intent of preserving the unique character of the neighborhood.
References
Neighborhoods in East Dallas |
4017931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted%20yield%20curve | Inverted yield curve | In finance, an inverted yield curve happens when a yield curve graph of typically government bonds inverts in the opposite direction and the shorter term US Treasury bonds are offering a higher yield than the long-term Treasury bonds. Longer maturity bonds usually have a higher percent yield return because they are more risky because of volatility in the market, there could be a Liquidity trap that wouldn't allow an investor to sell the bond security on the secondary market over the long run and they could get stuck with an underperforming asset. The inverted yield curve is one of the most reliable leading indicators for economic recession since at least 1955. The US Federal Reserve uses open market operations to adjust the Federal funds rate which pushes up short term bonds to catch the longer maturity bonds which are rising to catch up to inflation during the flattening of the yield curve. The inversion of the yield curve tends to predate a recession 7 to 24 month ahead of time.
History
The term 'inverted yield curve' was coined by the Canadian economist Campbell Harvey in his 1986 PhD thesis at Duke University.
Business cycles
The inverted yield curve is the contraction phase in the business cycle or credit cycle when the federal funds rate and Treasury interest rates are high to create a hard or soft landing in the cycle. When the Federal funds rate and interest rates are lowered after the economic contraction (to get price and commodity stabilization) this is the growth and expansion phase in the business cycle. The Federal Reserve only indirectly controls the money supply and it is the banks themselves that create new money by fractional-reserve banking when they make loans. By manipulating interest rates with the Federal funds rate and repurchase agreement (repo market) the Fed tries to control how much new money banks create.
Other countries inverted yield curve
Yield Spreads
Yield spread is the difference between the quoted rates of return on two different investments and for the inverted yield curve it is United States Treasury Bonds. It is simply done by subtracting the percent yield on one bond vs another bond of a different duration. For example a 30 year bond with a 6% yield minus a 2 year bond with a 4% yield would be a spread of 2% or 200 basis points. Another example would be a longer duration bond of 10 years at 3% minus a shorter duration bond of 3 months at 3.5% would be -0.5% or a negative yield spread.
See also
Austrian business cycle theory
Friedman's k-percent rule
Zero interest-rate policy
1970s commodities boom
2000s commodities boom
2020s commodities boom
References
Economics curves |
4017936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyinka | Ilyinka | Ilyinka () is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Modern localities
Altai Krai
As of 2012, two rural localities in Altai Krai bear this name:
Ilyinka, Shelabolikhinsky District, Altai Krai, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Shelabolikhinsky District;
Ilyinka, Shipunovsky District, Altai Krai, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Shipunovsky District;
Altai Republic
As of 2012, one rural locality in the Altai Republic bears this name:
Ilyinka, Altai Republic, a selo in Ilyinskoye Rural Settlement of Shebalinsky District;
Astrakhan Oblast
As of 2012, two inhabited localities in Astrakhan Oblast bear this name:
Urban localities
Ilyinka, Ikryaninsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, a work settlement in Ikryaninsky District;
Rural localities
Ilyinka, Volodarsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, a selo in Bolshemogoysky Selsoviet of Volodarsky District;
Republic of Bashkortostan
As of 2012, two rural localities in the Republic of Bashkortostan bear this name:
Ilyinka, Blagovarsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Blagovarsky Selsoviet of Blagovarsky District;
Ilyinka, Uchalinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Mansurovsky Selsoviet of Uchalinsky District
Belgorod Oblast
As of 2012, two rural localities in Belgorod Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast, a selo in Alexeyevsky District
Ilyinka, Gubkinsky District, Belgorod Oblast, a khutor in Gubkinsky District
Bryansk Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Bryansk Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Bryansk Oblast, a settlement in Degtyarevsky Rural Administrative Okrug of Surazhsky District;
Republic of Buryatia
As of 2012, one rural locality in the Republic of Buryatia bears this name:
Ilyinka, Republic of Buryatia, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Pribaykalsky District
Chelyabinsk Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Chelyabinsk Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a settlement in Granitny Selsoviet of Kizilsky District
Chuvash Republic
As of 2012, one rural locality in the Chuvash Republic bears this name:
Ilyinka, Chuvash Republic, a selo in Ilyinskoye Rural Settlement of Morgaushsky District
Republic of Crimea
As of 2012, two rural localities in Republic of Crimea bear this name:
Ilyinka, Krasnoperekopsky District, Republic of Crimea, a selo in Krasnoperekopsky District
Ilyinka, Saksky District, Republic of Crimea, a selo in Saksky District
Kaluga Oblast
As of 2012, six rural localities in Kaluga Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Kaluga, Kaluga Oblast, a village under the administrative jurisdiction of the City of Kaluga
Ilyinka, Khvastovichsky District, Kaluga Oblast, a selo in Khvastovichsky District
Ilyinka (Peredel Rural Settlement), Medynsky District, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Medynsky District; municipally, a part of Peredel Rural Settlement of that district
Ilyinka (Kremenskoye Rural Settlement), Medynsky District, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Medynsky District; municipally, a part of Kremenskoye Rural Settlement of that district
Ilyinka, Meshchovsky District, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Meshchovsky District
Ilyinka, Peremyshlsky District, Kaluga Oblast, a selo in Peremyshlsky District
Kemerovo Oblast
As of 2012, two rural localities in Kemerovo Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Mezhdurechensky District, Kemerovo Oblast, a settlement in Mezhdurechensky District;
Ilyinka, Novokuznetsky District, Kemerovo Oblast, a selo in Ilyinskaya Rural Territory of Novokuznetsky District;
Khabarovsk Krai
As of 2012, one rural locality in Khabarovsk Krai bears this name:
Ilyinka, Khabarovsk Krai, a selo in Khabarovsky District
Kirov Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Kirov Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Kirov Oblast, a village in Shkalansky Rural Okrug of Yaransky District;
Kostroma Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Kostroma Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Kostroma Oblast, a village in Georgiyevskoye Settlement of Mezhevskoy District;
Krasnoyarsk Krai
As of 2012, seven rural localities in Krasnoyarsk Krai bear this name:
Ilyinka, Achinsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Malinovsky Selsoviet of Achinsky District
Ilyinka, Bogotolsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Vaginsky Selsoviet of Bogotolsky District
Ilyinka, Kuraginsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Shalobolinsky Selsoviet of Kuraginsky District
Ilyinka, Nazarovsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a selo in Preobrazhensky Selsoviet of Nazarovsky District
Ilyinka, Alexandrovsky Selsoviet, Nizhneingashsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Alexandrovsky Selsoviet of Nizhneingashsky District
Ilyinka, Stretensky Selsoviet, Nizhneingashsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Stretensky Selsoviet of Nizhneingashsky District
Ilyinka, Uzhursky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Uzhursky District
Kurgan Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Kurgan Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Kurgan Oblast, a village under the administrative jurisdiction of the urban-type settlement under district jurisdiction of Yurgamysh in Yurgamyshsky District;
Kursk Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Kursk Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Kursk Oblast, a selo in Donsemitsky Selsoviet of Pristensky District
Lipetsk Oblast
As of 2012, six rural localities in Lipetsk Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Dankovsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, a village in Speshnevo-Ivanovsky Selsoviet of Dankovsky District;
Ilyinka, Dolgorukovsky Selsoviet, Dolgorukovsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, a village in Dolgorukovsky Selsoviet of Dolgorukovsky District;
Ilyinka, Svishensky Selsoviet, Dolgorukovsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, a village in Svishensky Selsoviet of Dolgorukovsky District;
Ilyinka, Krasninsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, a village in Krasninsky Selsoviet of Krasninsky District;
Ilyinka, Lev-Tolstovsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, a selo in Novochemodanovsky Selsoviet of Lev-Tolstovsky District;
Ilyinka, Yeletsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, a village in Maloboyevsky Selsoviet of Yeletsky District;
Mari El Republic
As of 2012, two rural localities in the Mari El Republic bear this name:
Ilyinka, Markovsky Rural Okrug, Orshansky District, Mari El Republic, a village in Markovsky Rural Okrug of Orshansky District;
Ilyinka, Velikopolsky Rural Okrug, Orshansky District, Mari El Republic, a settlement in Velikopolsky Rural Okrug of Orshansky District;
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
As of 2012, four rural localities in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Chkalovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Purekhovsky Selsoviet of Chkalovsky District;
Ilyinka, Sechenovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a selo in Boltinsky Selsoviet of Sechenovsky District;
Ilyinka (settlement), Sokolsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a settlement in Volzhsky Selsoviet of Sokolsky District;
Ilyinka (village), Sokolsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Volzhsky Selsoviet of Sokolsky District;
Novosibirsk Oblast
As of 2012, three rural localities in Novosibirsk Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Dovolensky District, Novosibirsk Oblast, a selo in Dovolensky District;
Ilyinka, Kuybyshevsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast, a settlement in Kuybyshevsky District;
Ilyinka, Vengerovsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast, a village in Vengerovsky District;
Omsk Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Omsk Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Omsk Oblast, a village in Nikolsky Rural Okrug of Tyukalinsky District;
Orenburg Oblast
As of 2012, two rural localities in Orenburg Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Kuvandyksky District, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Kuvandyksky District
Ilyinka, Oktyabrsky District, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Oktyabrsky District
Oryol Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Oryol Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Oryol Oblast, a village in Vasilyevsky Selsoviet of Verkhovsky District;
Primorsky Krai
As of 2012, two rural localities in Khankaysky District of Primorsky Krai bear this name:
Ilyinka (railway station), a railway station
Ilyinka (selo), a selo
Rostov Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Rostov Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Rostov Oblast, a khutor in Ilyinskoye Rural Settlement of Belokalitvinsky District;
Ryazan Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Ryazan Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Ryazan Oblast, a selo in Ilyinsky Rural Okrug of Skopinsky District
Samara Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Samara Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Samara Oblast, a settlement in Krasnoyarsky District
Saratov Oblast
As of 2012, three rural localities in Saratov Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Dergachyovsky District, Saratov Oblast, a settlement in Dergachyovsky District
Ilyinka, Krasnokutsky District, Saratov Oblast, a selo in Krasnokutsky District
Ilyinka, Turkovsky District, Saratov Oblast, a selo in Turkovsky District
Smolensk Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Smolensk Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Snegirevskoye Rural Settlement of Shumyachsky District
Tambov Oblast
As of 2012, two rural localities in Tambov Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Umyotsky District, Tambov Oblast, a village in Sergiyevsky Selsoviet of Umyotsky District
Ilyinka, Znamensky District, Tambov Oblast, a village in Pokrovo-Marfinsky Selsoviet of Znamensky District
Republic of Tatarstan
As of 2012, one rural locality in the Republic of Tatarstan bears this name:
Ilyinka, Republic of Tatarstan, a village under the administrative jurisdiction of the city of republic significance of Nizhnekamsk
Tula Oblast
As of 2012, five rural localities in Tula Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Arsenyevsky District, Tula Oblast, a village in Bobrovsky Rural Okrug of Arsenyevsky District
Ilyinka, Chernsky District, Tula Oblast, a village in Bolsheskuratovskaya Rural Administration of Chernsky District
Ilyinka, Leninsky District, Tula Oblast, a settlement in Ilyinsky Rural Okrug of Leninsky District
Ilyinka, Uzlovsky District, Tula Oblast, a selo in Akimo-Ilyinskaya Rural Administration of Uzlovsky District
Ilyinka, Venyovsky District, Tula Oblast, a village in Mordvessky Rural Okrug of Venyovsky District
Tuva Republic
As of 2012, one rural locality in the Tuva Republic bears this name:
Ilyinka, Tuva Republic, a selo in Ilyinka Sumon (Rural Settlement) of Kaa-Khemsky District
Tver Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Tver Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Tver Oblast, a village in Kiverichi Rural Settlement of Rameshkovsky District
Tyumen Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Tyumen Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Tyumen Oblast, a selo in Ilyinsky Rural Okrug of Kazansky District
Voronezh Oblast
As of 2012, two rural localities in Voronezh Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Kalacheyevsky District, Voronezh Oblast, a selo in Podgorenskoye Rural Settlement of Kalacheyevsky District
Ilyinka, Talovsky District, Voronezh Oblast, a settlement in Kazanskoye Rural Settlement of Talovsky District
Yaroslavl Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Yaroslavl Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Ryazantsevsky Rural Okrug of Pereslavsky District
Zabaykalsky Krai
As of 2012, one rural locality in Zabaykalsky Krai bears this name:
Ilyinka, Zabaykalsky Krai, a selo in Chitinsky District
Alternative names
Ilyinka, alternative name of Ilyinki, a village in Lozovskoye Rural Settlement of Sergiyevo-Posadsky District in Moscow Oblast;
Ilyinka, alternative name of Ilyinskoye, a selo in Ilyinsky Rural Okrug of Kushchyovsky District in Krasnodar Krai;
Ilyinka, alternative name of Ilyinskoye, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Kataysky District in Kurgan Oblast;
Ilyinka, alternative name of Nizhnyaya Ilyinka, a village in Krasnoyarsky Rural Okrug of Omsky District in Omsk Oblast;
Ilyinka, alternative name of Zelenaya, a village in Talbakulsky Rural Okrug of Kolosovsky District in Omsk Oblast;
See also
Ilya (disambiguation)
Ilyin
Ilyino
Ilyinsky (inhabited locality)
Notes |
4017937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengdu%20Sport%20University | Chengdu Sport University | Chengdu Sport University () is a sports university in the southwest of the downtown district of Chengdu, Sichuan Province.
The university is administered by the national State General Administration of Sports and the Sichuan provincial government.
The Hang Kong Gang Campus is about from Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport.
Chengdu Sport University was founded in 1942. In 1953, the fully-established system was transformed into the Southwest Institute of Sports. In 1956, it was changed to Chengdu Sports University.
It is the most famous kinesiology university in Southwest China, as well as one of the top five of the kind. It has a reputation from sports, such as gymnastics, martial art and weightlifting, and is recognized as an established authority in sports medicine and the application of T.C.M. in prevention, therapy and recovery of sports injuries and fatigue.
History
The university was formerly the Chengdu Institute of Physical Education in English. The Chinese name was and is 成都体育学院.
It has a history of more than 60 years. The university is adjacent to Wuhou Shrine.
In 2002, it was the first college in China to establish a Sports-Oriented English Department, aiming to support the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008 by providing translators and interpreters. For its contributions to the national sports undertakings, it was ranked as one of top three sports universities in China in 2006.
Alumni
James Li, athletics coach at the University of Arizona
References
External links
www.cdsu.edu.cn Chengdu Sport University
Chengdu Sport University
Universities and colleges in Chengdu
Sports universities and colleges in China |
4017961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20River%20War | The River War | The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan (1899), by Winston Churchill. It is a history of the conquest of the Sudan between 1896 and 1899 by Anglo-Egyptian forces led by Lord Kitchener. He defeated the Sudanese Dervish forces, led by Khalifa Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, heir to the self-proclaimed Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad who had vowed to conquer Egypt and drive out the Ottomans. The first, two volume, edition includes accounts of Churchill's own experiences as a British Army officer during the war, and his views on its conduct.
The River War was Churchill's second published book after The Story of the Malakand Field Force, and originally filled two volumes with over 1,000 pages in 1899. The River War was subsequently abridged to one volume in 1902.
Background
Aware that there was a war in Sudan, Churchill was determined to be part of it. He was not alone in this, because in a time generally of peace, many British Army officers wanted experience of battle to further their careers. In Churchill's case, he did not see his career as lying with the army, but had already started writing about wars and wanted a new campaign to write about. He first attempted to obtain a transfer from his regiment stationed in India to the 21st Lancers, which was the unit taking part in the war. This was granted by the War Office, but rejected by the commander of the British force in Sudan, General Kitchener. Churchill next took leave to Britain, where he enlisted friends and family to lobby Kitchener to permit him to take part. This continued to be unsuccessful, even when the prime minister Lord Salisbury made an inquiry on his behalf. Eventually, however, he prevailed upon Sir Evelyn Wood, Adjutant General of the Horse Guards, who had authority over appointments to the regiment in England, and he received an attachment to the Lancers in place of an officer who had died, on 24 July 1898. On 5 August he was in Luxor and on 24 August the regiment set out from Atbara to attack the Mahdist forces.
Before leaving London, Churchill obtained a commission to write accounts of the war for the Morning Post, producing 15 articles, which were printed in the newspaper between 23 September and 8 October 1898, for which he was paid £15 () per article. This helped offset his expenses for the trip, which the War Office had declined to meet, as well as refusing any liability should he be killed or injured. The Times had two correspondents covering the war, one of whom was killed and another injured, and Churchill wrote a piece for this newspaper also, but Kitchener vetoed the sending of the report.
After the Battle of Omdurman the Lancers were ordered to return to other duties, so Churchill's personal experience of the war ceased at that point. Although Omdurman had been taken from Khalifa Abdullahi, the Khalifa himself escaped and was not tracked down and found to have been killed in the final defeat of his army for another year. A number of participants were to play important parts in the First World War. Aside from Churchill and Kitchener, captains Douglas Haig and Henry Rawlinson became generals in the war, while Lieutenant David Beatty, then commanding a Nile gunboat, became an admiral and commanded the British Grand Fleet.
Churchill returned to England to complete his leave, before returning to India for three months and finally resigning from the army. As a direct result of Churchill's writings, a rule was introduced prohibiting serving officers from also acting as war correspondents. This was one factor contributing to his leaving the army, since his earnings from writing were some five times greater than his army pay during his three years of army service.
In India Churchill visited the Viceroy, Lord Curzon, who had himself written a history of "Persia and the Persian Question" eight years before. He read everything he could find containing background information about the Sudan. On the way home he stopped for two weeks in Egypt to visit Lord Cromer, then in charge of the Egyptian government, who read through the text and made suggestions and corrections, in particular playing down the popular impression of General Gordon, murdered by the Mahdi's forces fourteen years before, as a hero. While in Cairo he spoke to Slatin Pasha, author of a work about the Sudan, Sir Reginald Wingate, Director of Intelligence on Kitchener's staff, Edouard Girouard, responsible for building railways through Egypt which allowed the British advance, and others who had played some part. Sailing home across the Mediterranean, Churchill had as a fellow passenger George Warrington Steevens, who was also a war correspondent, working for the Daily Telegraph. They had met on a couple of previous occasions, and Churchill prevailed upon him also to read the manuscript. His suggestion was to reduce the degree of philosophising that, despite the accuracy of Churchill's commentary, might bore the reader.
Content
In vivid style the book describes the background to the war, the relationship of the Upper Nile to Egypt, the murder of General Charles George Gordon in the siege at Khartoum, the political reaction in England, and Kitchener's elaborate preparations for the war. While in the Sudan, Churchill participated in the Battle of Omdurman. Churchill comments at length on the mechanisation of war with use of the telegraph, railroad, and a new generation of weaponry.
1899 unabridged, two-volume edition
The unabridged version contains many illustrations with drawings, photogravures, and coloured maps. It also contains vivid narratives of personal adventures of the author, his views on British expansionism, passages of deep reflection about the requirements of a civilised government, and criticism of military and political leaders and religion. The first edition was reviewed by The Times, which described it as containing material sufficient for two good books and one bad one, with the bad one being the more interesting.
About Islam he wrote:
About the British attitude to war:
About the modern machinery of war and its effectiveness against native tribesmen:
Churchill spread his criticisms wherever he found fault. A passage was highly critical of General Kitchener for ordering the desecration of the Mahdi's tomb and carrying off his head as a trophy. The head was returned by the order of Lord Cromer, once he discovered what had happened. The matter was debated in parliament and led to a newspaper campaign against Kitchener as well as deepening the ill feeling which already existed between two men who as members of the British government in 1914 were expected to co-operate militarily as heads of the army and navy departments. All reference to the incident was removed from the second edition.
Criticisms extended to the supplies for the troops: British soldiers were sent out from England with boots made substantially from cardboard, which rapidly disintegrated and had to be bound with cloth or string to hold together. While the Indian Army was equipped with highly effective Dum-dum bullets produced in India, British bullets sent to Egypt were simply pointed, and 1,000,000 rounds had to have their ends filed off to increase their effectiveness. The rough remodelling meant the bullets were inaccurate at long ranges, giving soldiers a choice of bullets able to hit their target but only wound, or killing bullets which were likely to miss and could jam the guns. Railway engines needed to carry troops and supplies into Sudan had to be obtained from all over the world, since British companies were unable to supply them at short notice. By contrast, American companies could supply locomotives immediately which were more effective and cheaper than some obtained from England.
1902 abridged, one-volume edition
In 1902 Churchill had become a member of parliament. It was thought that the commentary about some of the people mentioned had better be excised in a revised edition. The book was thus edited down to one single volume, removing approximately one-third of the total.
Much of the removed content included passages in which Churchill recounted his own experiences, as he had done in other works, such as The Story of the Malakand Field Force. This removal gave the revised book a somewhat different feel to these others, and to its original form. Other removals included discussions on the ethics of warfare, Churchill's own opinions of events, and his assessment of Islam. The revised book was described as an authoritative history of the war.
Abridgements were published numerous times over the twentieth century, with increasing excisions.
A "definitive" new edition of the book, restoring it to the original two-volume text, edited and annotated by Professor James W. Muller, was published in April 2021.
Controversial modern political usage
In May 2013, Missouri State Representative Rick Stream composed and forwarded an e-mail to his House GOP colleagues. Sam Levin called the e-mail "bizarre," with Rep. Stream alleging "dangers of Islam" and quoting Churchill's controversial statements.
Also in May 2013, the Winston-Salem Journal published a commentary by columnist Cal Thomas, in which he criticized current United Kingdom Prime Minister David Cameron for his reaction following the killing of a British soldier in London, and invited him to take notice of Winston Churchill's views on Islam, some expressed in The River War.
In April 2014, Paul Weston, chairman of the far right Liberty GB party, was arrested in Winchester, Hampshire, for reading aloud passages from the book whilst standing on the steps of the Guildhall and not dispersing when ordered to do so. Weston, a candidate in the May 2014 European Elections, was quoting from a section of Churchill's book that described Islamic culture in unflattering terms.
Reception
Johann Hari criticized Winston Churchill's views in his Not his finest hour: The dark side of Winston Churchill. The author also emphasizes the significance of Richard Toye's Churchill's Empire.
In Churchill’s War, author Max Hastings makes this conclusion on Churchill's views: "Churchill’s view of the British Empire and its peoples was unenlightened by comparison with that of America’s president [Franklin Roosevelt], or even by the standards of his time."
Paul Rahe argues that reading The River War is suitable for "an age when the Great Democracies are likely to be called on to respond to ugly little conflicts marked by social, sectarian, and tribal rivalries in odd corners of the world—the Arabian peninsula, the Caucasus, the Horn of Africa, the Balkans, Central Africa, the Maghreb, and the Caribbean, to mention the most recent examples— I can think of no other historical work that better deserves our attention than The River War."
References
Notes
External links
Unabridged first edition volume 1
Unabridged first edition volume 2
New York Times 1900 Review of The River War
A Churchillian Perspective on 11 September with a review of The River War
Sources
The River War at Internet Archive (scanned books)
The River War at Project Gutenberg via Online Books (1902 abridged edition)
Books by Winston Churchill
Books about military history
British non-fiction literature
1899 books
History books about Sudan
Works about the Mahdist War
Non-fiction books about Sudan |
4017967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactylorhiza%20majalis | Dactylorhiza majalis | Dactylorhiza majalis, the broad-leaved marsh orchid, is a terrestrial Eurasian orchid.
Subspecies include: western marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. occidentalis), southern marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. praetermissa), Hebridean marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. ebudensis), and narrow-leaved marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. traunsteinerioides).
The broad-leaved marsh orchid grows mainly in nitrogen-poor marsh areas that consist of several plant communities. More rarely, it is found in fens. Its flowering period begins at lower elevations as early as the beginning of May and ends in higher elevations at the end of July. The lowest blossoms usually open even before the stem has reached its full height.
Description
The broad-leaved marsh orchid is usually tall, though some specimens may reach . Three to eight dark spotted leaves are distributed on the stem, which is hollow. The lower leaves are ovate to lanceolate and long and 1.5 to 3.5 cm (⅝ to 1⅜ in) wide. The upper leaves are increasingly smaller and more lanceolate. The bracts are about as long as the blossom and cover it before it blooms. The densely flowered inflorescence, which is long, is at first conical, but distinctly cylindrical when in full blossom. The seven to forty blossoms are colored purplish red, rarely light pink or white. The lateral tepals of the external circle of the perianth stand obliquely or vertically upright. They are 7 to 12 mm (¼ to ½ in) long and 2.5 to 5 mm (⅛ to 3⁄16 in) wide. The middle tepal is smaller and forms a "helmet" together with the two lateral tepals of the internal circle. These are 6 to 11 mm (¼ to 7⁄16 in) long. The trilobate lip is 5 to 10 mm (3⁄16 to ⅜ in) long and 7 to 14 mm (¼ to 9⁄16 in) wide. The shape and pattern of the lips are variable. In the lighter central area of the lip the markings are made up of lines, streaks, or dots. The spur is bent slightly downwards and is not quite as long as the ovary. The tuber has a palmate division and an irregular shape.
The broad-leaved marsh orchid has a karyotype of four sets of twenty chromosomes (2n = 4x = 80) and a genome size of 14.24 Gbp (2C). The seed of this orchid contains no endosperm for the embryo. Therefore, germination can take place only by means of infection with a root fungus (mycorrhiza).
Taxonomy
In 1828 Ludwig Reichenbach described the broad-leaved marsh orchid as Orchis majalis. The name became the basionym after Peter Francis Hunt and Victor Samuel Summerhayes transferred the species to the genus Dactylorhiza in 1965. Sometimes the name Dactylorhiza fistulosa is used, but since this description is not valid, the name cannot be used despite its earlier publication in 1794 as Orchis fistulosa.
Many synonyms have been published:
Orchis majalis Rchb.
Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb.) Verm
Orchis baltica (Klinge) A.Fuchs
Dactylorchis baltica (Klinge) Verm.
Dactylorhiza baltica (Klinge) N.I.Orlova
Orchis longifolia Neuman
Dactylorhiza ebudensis (Wief. ex R.M.Bateman & Denholm) P.Delforge
Orchis francis-drucei Wilmott
Dactylorhiza francis-drucei (Wilmott) Aver.
Orchis kerryensis Wilmott
Dactylorchis kerryensis (Wilmott) Verm.
Dactylorhiza kerryensis (Wilmott) P.F.Hunt & Summerh.
Dactylorhiza parvimajalis D.Tyteca & Gathoye
Orchis occidentalis (Pugsley) Wilmott
Dactylorchis occidentalis (Pugsley) Verm.
Dactylorhiza occidentalis (Pugsley) P.Delforge
Orchis sphagnicola Höppner
Dactylorchis sphagnicola (Höppner) Verm.
Dactylorhiza sphagnicola (Höppner) Aver.
Dactylorchis hoeppneri (A.Fuchs) Verm.
Orchis hoeppneri (A.Fuchs) Höppner ex Verm.
Dactylorchis deweveri Verm.
Dactylorhiza deweveri (Verm.) Soó
Dactylorhiza hoeppneri (A.Fuchs) Soó
Dactylorhiza sennia Vollmar
Orchis traunsteinerioides (Pugsley) Pugsley
Dactylorchis traunsteinerioides (Pugsley) Verm.
Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides (Pugsley) Landwehr
Subspecies and varieties
Many names have been proposed at the subspecies, variety and form levels, but as of June 2014 only the following are recognized:
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. baltica (Klinge) H.Sund. – Finland, Germany, the Baltic Republics, Russia, Siberia, Kazakhstan
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. ebudensis (Wief. ex R.M.Bateman & Denholm) M.R.Lowe – Outer Hebrides of Scotland
Dactylorhiza majalis var. francis-drucei (Wilmott) R.M.Bateman & Denholm – Scotland
Dactylorhiza majalis var. kerryensis (Wilmott) R.M.Bateman & Denholm – western Ireland
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. majalis – widespread across much of Europe from Spain to Russia
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. occidentalis (Pugsley) P.D.Sell – Britain and Ireland
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. sphagnicola (Höppner) H.A.Pedersen & Hedrén – Scandinavia, Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. traunsteinerioides (Pugsley) R.M.Bateman & Denholm – Britain and Ireland
Hybrids
The broad-leaved marsh orchid hybridizes quite commonly with other species of its genus.
Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana (Dactylorhiza incarnata × D. majalis)
Dactylorhiza × braunii (Dactylorhiza fuchsii × D. majalis)
Dactylorhiza × dufftiana (Dactylorhiza traunsteineri × D. majalis)
Dactylorhiza × godferyana (Dactylorhiza praetermissa × D. majalis)
Dactylorhiza × kuehnensis (Dactylorhiza ruthei × D. majalis)
Dactylorhiza × townsendiana (Dactylorhiza maculata × D. majalis)
Dactylorhiza × rupertii (Dactylorhiza sambucina × D. majalis)
More rarely, hybrids with other genera (intergeneric hybrids) occur.
×Dactyloglossum drucei (Coeloglossum viride × Dactylorhiza majalis)
×Dactylodenia lebrunii (Dactylorhiza majalis × Gymnadenia conopsea)
Range
Dactylorhiza majalis is widespread across much of Europe and north-central Asia, from Spain and Ireland to Siberia and Kazakhstan.
In Germany the broad-leaved marsh orchid is widespread but with several gaps. In many places, especially from western to northern Germany, it is extinct.
In Switzerland it is also quite widespread. A significant gap is found south of the Aar between Aarau and Lake Neuchâtel.
Conservation
Although the broad-leaved marsh orchid is commonly found in some regions, it is nevertheless protected as an orchid.
As with many marsh plants, the numbers of this species have been dwindling for quite some time. The main causes are the entry of nitrogen via fertilizer, drying out of the habitat, and intensive conversion to pasture. The broad-leaved marsh orchid does not react so sensitively to changes in its habitat as for example the early marsh orchid, Dactylorhiza incarnata. It is usually the last of the native orchids to disappear. This tolerance makes it a still relatively common species.
References
External links
Den virtuella floran Distribution
majalis
Orchids of Europe
Orchids of Asia
Plants described in 1828 |
4017973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%20%28surname%29 | Bose (surname) | Bose, Basu, Bosu, Boshu or Bosh (, ) is a surname found amongst Kulin Kayastha of West Bengal, India. The traditional Bengali version is Bosu, which is sometimes written Basu, which is alternately spelled as Bose or Basu. It from Sanskrit (, a name of Viṣṇu meaning ‘dwelling in all beings’).
History
Boses belong to Kayastha caste in Bengal. The Bengali Kayasthas evolved between the 5th/6th century AD and 11th/12th century AD, its component elements being putative Kshatriyas and mostly Brahmins, according to André Wink. Boses are considered as Kulin Kayasthas of Gautam gotra, along with Ghoshes, Mitras and Guhas.
Notables of Indian or Bengali descent
Abala Bose (1865–1951), Indian social worker
Amar Bose (1929–2013), MIT professor, founder and chairman of the Bose Corporation
Ankiti Bose (born 1992), Indian entrepreneur who works on the digitisation of the textile and apparel industry
Ashish Bose (1930–2014), Demographer who coined BIMARU
Benoy Basu (1908–1930), Indian revolutionary
Buddhadeb Bosu (1908–1974), Bengali writer
Fanindra Nath Bose (1888–1926), Bengal-born sculptor
Girish Chandra Bose (1853–1939), Indian educator and botanist
Jyoti Basu (1914–2010), Indian politician of the Communist Party (Marxist), 6th chief minister of West Bengal
Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858–1935), Bengali physicist, science fiction writer, and student of radio science
Kamal Bose (1915–1995), Indian cinematographer, winner of five Filmfare Awards
Khudiram Bose (1889–1908), Indian freedom fighter
Mankumari Basu (1863–1943), Bengali poet
Mihir Bose (born 1947), Indian-born British journalist, former BBC's sports editor
N. S. Chandra Bose (1932–2010), medical doctor and politician
Nandalal Bose (1883–1966), Indian painter
Pooja Bose (born 1987), Indian actress
Pratap Bose (born 1974), British-Indian automotive designer
Rahul Bose (born 1967), Indian actor
Rajsekhar Bose (1880–1960), Bengali writer, chemist and lexicographer
Raj Chandra Bose (1901–1987), Indian mathematician and statistician
Rash Behari Bose (1886–1945), Indian freedom fighter
Kaushik Basu (born 1952), Professor of Economics at Cornell and Chief Economist at World Bank
Sarat Chandra Bose (1889–1950), Indian lawyer and freedom fighter (brother of Subhas Chandra Bose)
Soumya Sankar Bose (born 1990), Indian Artist and Photographer
Sarmila Bose (born 1959), Indian journalist and researcher
Satyendra Nath Bose (1894–1974), Indian physicist, known for the Bose–Einstein collaborations
Sachindra Prasad Bose (died 1941), designer of the Calcutta Flag
Shree Bose (born 1994), American scientist, winner of the inaugural Google Science Fair
Sudhindra Bose (1883–1946), pioneer in teaching Asian politics and civilization in the United States
Swadesh Bose (1928–2009), Bangladeshi economist
Sugata Bose (born 1956), Harvard professor, Member of Parliament and grandnephew of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
Subhas Chandra Bose (1897–1945), fighter of the Indian independence movement and eminent personality of the Indian National Army
Uma Bose (1921–1942), 'The Nightingale of Bengal', musical prodigy
Vivian Bose (1891–1983), judge of the Supreme Court of India and one of the founders of scouting in India
Notable others
Georg Matthias Bose, (1710-1761), Leipzig born professor of natural philosophy and electrostatics inventor
Sterling Bose (1906–1959), American jazz trumpeter and cornetist
von Bose is an unrelated German surname
Julius von Bose (1809–1894), Prussian Army general
Countess Louise von Bose (1813–1883), German philanthropist
Herbert von Bose (1893–1934), German civil servant
Jobst-Hilmar von Bose (1897–1949), German soldier
Hans-Jürgen von Bose (born 1953), German composer
Bosé is an unrelated European surname
Lucia Bosè (Italian spelling, born Lucia Borloni) or Lucía Bosé (Spanish spelling) (1931–2020), Italian actress
Miguel Bosé (born 1956), Spanish singer and son of Lucia Bosè
References
Surnames
Indian surnames
Hindu surnames
Bengali-language surnames
Bengali Hindu surnames |
4017987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn%E2%80%93Aird%20syndrome | Flynn–Aird syndrome | Flynn–Aird syndrome is a rare, hereditary, neurological disease that is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. The syndrome involves defects in the nervous, auditory, skeletal, visual, and endocrine systems and encompasses numerous symptoms, bearing striking similarity to other known syndromes of neuroectodermal nature such as: Werner syndrome, Cockayne syndrome and Refsum syndrome.
The onset of Flynn–Aird syndrome typically occurs between ten and twenty years of age, however, the earliest case was diagnosed at age seven. As the syndrome progresses, initial symptoms tend to intensify and new symptoms become apparent. Unlike related syndromes and despite the intensity of symptoms in the disease progression, Flynn–Aird syndrome does not appear to shorten life expectancy.
The disease is characterized by early-onset dementia, ataxia, muscle wasting, skin atrophy, and eye abnormalities. In addition, patients have the potential of developing a number of other related symptoms such as: cataracts, retinitis pigmentosa, myopia (nearsightedness), dental caries, peripheral neuropathy (peripheral nerve damage), deafness, and cystic bone changes. This syndrome was first discovered in the early 1950s by American neurologists P. Flynn and Robert B. Aird who analyzed one family lineage inheritance pattern of this disease.
Symptoms and signs
Individuals with this syndrome typically develop normally until reaching the second decade of their lives but the onset of symptoms has been observed as early as age seven. The first defect observed in individuals who have this condition affects the auditory system and is known as bilateral nerve deafness. Another early symptom is the development of myopia (nearsightedness). In addition to bilateral nerve deafness and myopia, other symptoms that plague infected individuals early in disease progression include ataxia, muscle wasting, severe peripheral neuritic pain sometimes accompanied by elevated spinal fluid protein, and joint stiffness.
The central nervous system (CNS) is affected with deficits in the cerebral cortex which indicate signs of mental retardation even though psychological observations appear relatively normal for individuals studied. Atypical epilepsy is also a common feature of CNS malfunctioning including aphasia expressions, blurred vision, and numbness of the face and limbs.
In the third decade of the condition, individuals develop further visual problems including retinitis pigmentosa, and bilateral cataracts. Affected individuals experience the restriction of visual fields, night blindness, and eventually severe or complete blindness.
Individuals with this syndrome exhibit many physical deformities including skeletal, epidermal, and subcutaneous abnormalities. The skeletal problems are characterized by scoliosis and muscle weakness indicative of the kyphoscoliotic type which follow muscle wasting and peripheral neuritis (nerve inflammation). Osteoporosis is also observed in many cases. Skin and subcutaneous atrophy is common as well as skin ulcerations due to inability of the skin to heal. One of the final manifestations of disease is baldness. There is no evidence that the progression of Flynn–Aird syndrome shortens the patient's life-span, but the terrible conditions certainly increase morbidity.
Genetics
One family of 68 individuals over 5 generations was studied and the prevalence of disease among the family members suggests that it is indicative of dominant inheritance that is not sexually linked. This is supported by the fact that the disease failed to skip generations even in the absence of intermarriages and that disease incidence was independent of sex. The current findings suggest that the cause of the disease could be narrowed down to one enzymatic defect that is involved in the development of neuroectodermal tissue, however the exact molecular mechanisms are currently unknown. The other symptoms that arise such as bone defects and diabetes may be secondary to this enzymatic defect.
Pathophysiology
The exact pathophysiological mechanism of Flynn–Aird syndrome is unknown. However, several theories are in place with regards to the nature of this disease including the presence of a genetically defective enzyme involving a neuroectodermal tissue constituent. This explanation provides evidence for the late onset of the condition, the intricate findings, the varied nature of the disorder, as well as the genetic incidence. In addition, some aspects of the condition may be linked to a suppressing (S) gene due to the fact that only a small amount of stigmata appeared while the defects were still transmitted in the family studied. A suppressing gene down regulates the phenotypic expression of another gene, especially of a mutant gene. Other abnormalities may be due to endocrine system diseases.
Diagnosis
Treatment
Only symptomatic treatment for the management of disturbances can be indicated for affected individuals. The genetic origin of this disease would indicate gene therapy holds the most promise for future development of a cure. But at this time no specific treatments for Flynn–Aird syndrome exist.
History
P. Flynn and Robert B. Aird observed this neuroectodermal syndrome after studying one family whose members had a number of neurological symptoms that were consistent from generation to generation. A number of the symptoms overlapped with several known neurological diseases such as Werner syndrome, Refsum syndrome, and Cockayne syndrome, which could be indicative of similar causative origins. However, these syndromes are recessively inherited as opposed to the dominant inheritance seen in the family studied by P. Flynn and Robert B. Aird. About 15% of family members exhibited full-blown symptoms characteristic of the disease while others showed some symptoms that overlapped with the general clinical manifestation of the syndrome.
Research
Following the initial inquiry by P. Flynn and Robert B. Air, only two case studies have been published in Germany and Japan respectably but are not currently accessible. At this time there are no indication of further scientific investigation of Flynn–Aird syndrome. However, there is research on other, more common syndromes such as Werner syndrome, Cockayne syndrome and Refsum syndrome that may help better understand Flynn–Aird syndrome.
References
External links
Neurological disorders
Syndromes affecting the eye
Autosomal dominant disorders
Genetic disorders with OMIM but no gene
Syndromes affecting hearing
Syndromes affecting the nervous system |
4017988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20E.%20Rogers | Mark E. Rogers | Mark E. Rogers (April 19, 1952 – February 2, 2014) was an American author and illustrator.
Biography
Rogers, while a student at Pt. Pleasant Beach High School, wrote a short novel, The Runestone, which has since been adapted into Willard Carroll's 1990 film starring Peter Riegert and Joan Severance, although it remains unpublished.... except as a numbered, signed limited edition chapbook published by Burning Bush Press in 1979. At the University of Delaware he continued his interest in writing, graduating summa cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1974. He was elected to membership in Phi Beta Kappa.
He thereafter became a professional writer. His published works include the Samurai Cat series; a number of novels, The Dead, Zorachus, and the latter's sequel, The Nightmare of God; a series of books known as Blood of the Lamb; and another series called Zancharthus. He has also published three art portfolios and a collection of his pin-up paintings, Nothing But A Smile.
Death
Rogers often had heart problems, he died from apparent heart failure while hiking with his family in California's Death Valley.
Bibliography
Samurai Cat
(1980) The Bridge of Catzad-Dum - chapbook, published by The Burning Bush Press, ltd. ed. of 500
(1984) The Adventures of Samurai Cat (1986) More Adventures of Samurai Cat (1989) Samurai Cat in the Real World (1991) The Sword of Samurai Cat (1994) Samurai Cat Goes to the Movies (1998) Samurai Cat Goes to HellZorachus
(1986) Zorachus (1988) The Nightmare of GodBlood of the Lamb
(1991) The Expected One (1991) The Devouring Void (1992) The Riddled ManZancharthus
(1998) Blood and Pearls (2000) Jagutai and Lilitu (2002) Night of the Long KnivesNovels
(1989) The Dead (2010) Lilitu (2010) YarkNonfiction
(2003) Nothing But a Smile: The Pinup Art of Mark Rogers (2005) The Art of Fantasy''
References
External links
1952 births
2014 deaths
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American fantasy writers
American male novelists
American science fiction writers
University of Delaware alumni
Writers from Delaware
Chapbook writers
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers |
4018015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dholuo | Dholuo | The Dholuo dialect (pronounced ) or Nilotic Kavirondo, is a dialect of the Luo group of Nilotic languages, spoken by about 4.2 million Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania, who occupy parts of the eastern shore of Lake Victoria and areas to the south. It is used for broadcasts on KBC (Kenya Broadcasting Corporation, formerly the Voice of Kenya).
Dholuo is mutually intelligible with Alur, Lango, Acholi and Adhola of Uganda. Dholuo and the aforementioned Uganda languages are all linguistically related to Jur chol of South Sudan and Anuak of Ethiopia due to common ethnic origins of the larger Luo peoples who speak Luo languages.
It is estimated that Dholuo has 90% lexical similarity with Lep Alur (Alur), 83% with Lep Achol (Acholi), 81% with Lango, and 93% with Dhopadhola (Adhola). However, these are often counted as separate languages despite common ethnic origins due to linguistic shift occasioned by geographical movement.
Literacy (Of the Luo from South Nyanza)
The foundations of the Dholuo written language and today's Dholuo literary tradition, as well as the modernization of the Jaluo people in Kenya, began in 1907 with the arrival of a Canadian-born Seventh-day Adventist missionary Arthur Asa Grandville Carscallen, whose missionary work over a period of about 14 years along the eastern shores of Lake Victoria left a legacy. (This applies only to the Luo of Southern Nyanza, which are to the East of Lake Victoria). This legacy continues today through the Obama family of Kenya and the Seventh-day Adventist Church to which the Obamas and many other Jaluo converted in the early part of the 20th century as residents of the region that Carscallen was sent to proselytize. The Obamas of Kenya are relatives of former US president Barack Obama.
From 1906 to 1921, Carscallen was superintendent of the Seventh-day Adventist Church's British East Africa Mission, and was charged with establishing missionary stations in eastern Kenya near Lake Victoria and proselytizing among the local population. These stations would include Gendia, Wire Hill, Rusinga Island, Kanyadoto, Karungu, Kisii (Nyanchwa), and Kamagambo. In 1913, he acquired a small press for the Mission and set up a small printing operation at Gendia in order to publish church materials, but also used it to impact education and literacy in the region.
Over a period of about five years administering to largely Jaluo congregations, Carscallen achieved a mastery of the Dholuo language and is credited with being the first to reduce the language to writing, publishing the Elementary grammar of the Nilotic-Kavirondo language (Dhö Lwo), together with some useful phrases, English-Kavirondo and Kavirondo-English vocabulary, and some exercises with key to the same in 1910. Then, just a little more than two years later, the mission translated portions of the New Testament from English to Dholuo, which were later published by the British and Foreign Bible Society.
In 2019, Jehovah’s Witnesses released the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures in the Luo language. The bible translation seeks clear, modern expression and it's distributed without charge both printed and online versions.
The grammar textbook Carscallen produced was widely used for many years throughout eastern Kenya, but his authorship of it is largely forgotten. It was later retitled, Dho-Luo for Beginners, and republished in 1936. In addition to the grammar text, Carscallen compiled an extensive dictionary of "Kavirondo" (Dholuo) and English, which is housed at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK. Neither of these works has been superseded, only updated, with new revised versions of the linguistic foundation that Carscallen established in 1910.
Phonology
Vowels
Dholuo has two sets of five vowels, distinguished by the feature [±ATR] which is carried primarily on the first formant. While ATR is phonemic in the language, various phonological vowel harmony processes play a major role and can change the ATR of the vowel at output. A current change in certain dialects of Dholuo is that certain pronouns seem to be losing the ATR contrast and instead use [±ATR] in free variance.
Consonants
In the table of consonants below, orthographic symbols are included between angle brackets following the IPA symbols. Note especially the following: the use of for , common in African orthographies; , are plosives, not fricatives as in Swahili spelling (but phoneme can fricativize intervocalically).
Phonological characteristics
Dholuo is a tonal language. There is both lexical tone and grammatical tone, e.g. in the formation of passive verbs. It has vowel harmony by ATR status: the vowels in a noncompound word must be either all [+ATR] or all [−ATR]. The ATR-harmony requirement extends to the semivowels , . Vowel length is contrastive.
Grammar
Dholuo is notable for its complex phonological alternations, which are used, among other things, in distinguishing inalienable possession from alienable. The first example is a case of alienable possession, as the bone is not part of the dog.
chogo guok (chok guok)
bone dog
'the dog's bone' (which it is eating)
The following is however an example of inalienable possession, the bone being part of the cow:
chok dhiang'
bone (construct state) cow
'a cow bone'
Sample phrases
References
Bibliography
Gregersen, E. (1961). Luo: A grammar. Dissertation: Yale University.
Stafford, R. L. (1965). An elementary Luo grammar with vocabularies. Nairobi: Oxford University Press.
Omondi, Lucia Ndong'a (1982). The major syntactic structures of Dholuo. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
Tucker, A. N. (ed. by Chet A. Creider) (1994). A grammar of Kenya Luo (Dholuo). 2 vols. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
Okoth Okombo, D. (1997). A Functional Grammar of Dholuo. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
Odaga, Asenath Bole (1997). English-Dholuo dictionary. Lake Publishers & Enterprises, Kisumu. .
Odhiambo, Reenish Acieng' and Aagard-Hansen, Jens (1998). Dholuo course book. Nairobi.
Capen, Carole Jamieson. 1998. Bilingual Dholuo-English dictionary, Kenya. Tucson (Arizona): self-published. Kurasa ix, 322. [] https://www.webonary.org/dholuo/
External links
Luo phrases and basics
Practical guide for learning Luo
A Handbook of the Kavirondo Language (1920) – one of the earliest books on Dholuo
Languages of Kenya
Luo languages |
4018020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq%20civil%20war | Iraq civil war | Iraqi civil war may refer to:
Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003), wars and rebellions by Iraqi Kurds against the government
First Iraqi–Kurdish War (1961–70)
Second Iraqi–Kurdish War (1974–75)
1991 Iraqi uprisings, rebellions in Iraq during a ceasefire in the Gulf War
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–97), a conflict between rival Kurdish factions in Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi conflict (2003–present). See also:
Iraq War (2003–11), a war that began with the U.S. invasion of Iraq
Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)
Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)
Iraqi Civil War (2006–2008), a civil war between Sunni and Shia militias including the Iraqi government and Al-Qaeda in Iraq (now known as ISIL)
Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013), an escalation of insurgent and sectarian violence after the U.S. withdrew
War in Iraq (2013–2017), a war between ISIL and the Iraqi government and allies
2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, a short conflict between the Iraqi government and the autonomous Kurdish regional government
See also
Iraq War (disambiguation)
Military history of Iraq |
4018029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20Jamie%20Cuticchia | A. Jamie Cuticchia | Anthony James Cuticchia Jr. (December 28, 1966 – January 6, 2022) was an American scientist with expertise in the fields of genetics, bioinformatics, and genomics. In particular, he was responsible for the collection of the data constituting the human gene map, prior to the final sequencing of the genome. He was also a practicing attorney. He died due to cancer on January 6, 2022.
Early life
He grew up in College Park, Maryland. He received his B.A. in Biological Sciences, with honors, from the University of Maryland, Baltimore County in 1987. In March 1992, he completed his Ph.D. in Genetics at the University of Georgia studying under population scientist Jonathan Arnold. He went on to receive a J.D. magna cum laude, from the North Carolina Central University School of Law in 2009.
Accomplishments
In the late 1980s Cuticchia applied the probabilistic metaheuristic method of simulated annealing as a method for genomic mapping. Through the use of binary fingerprinting of DNA (assigning the presence or absence of a particular sequence a 1/0) it was possible to quickly map the genome of Aspergillus nidulans. This was one of the first genomes physically mapped
In addition to his work in the development of mapping tools, in 1988, along with others, he applied the Markov chain model to predict the occurrence of DNA patterns.
He was the original Data Manager of the GDB Human Genome Database and served as its director both in Toronto at The Hospital for Sick Children as well as at RTI International. He published several books on the human genome during the genetic mapping phase of the human genome project.
Career
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine: In 1992 he took a position as Assistant Professor of Medical Genetics at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. During that period he served as Data Manager for the GDB and later as Director of Data Acquisition and Curation. He remained an adjunct professor with Johns Hopkins until 2001.
Mitre Corporation: In 1995 he took the position of Director of Computational Biology and developed a consulting business for the company in McLean Virginia.
ChemGenics Pharmaceuticals: In 1997 Cuticchia moved to Boston, where he took on an executive position as Director of Genomics and Information technology at ChemGenics Pharmaceuticals. In 1998 the company was merged with Millennium Pharmaceuticals, and Cuticchia returned to academics.
Hospital for Sick Children: In 1998 Cuticchia took the first of several roles at the HSC. Initially appointed as Director of Bioinformatics, he later raised approximately $52,000,000 in research support to form numerous projects and organizations. First, he relocated the GDB to HSC while maintaining some of its operations at Johns Hopkins. Later, he established the Ontario Center for Genomic Computing, which was one of the Top 500 supercomputing sites in the world.
RTI International: In 2002 he returned to the United States to build a bioinformatics department at the Research Triangle Institute.
Duke University School of Medicine: From 2006, Cuticchia served in various bioinformatics related roles at Duke. In 2008 he was named the Duke Bioinformatics Scholar and built a research portfolio in cancer bioinformatics.
AJC Legal Services: In 2010, Cuticchia applied his newly acquired license to practice law in North Carolina focusing on biotechnology and pharmaceutical law.
North Carolina Central University: From 2010, Cuticchia taught undergraduates and law students in courses including: Patent Law, Genetics and the Law, and FDA Regulations
Biotechnology involvement
Cuticchia was a scientific founder of New Chemical Entities, a drug discovery and information company founded in 1997. In 1999 it merged with Thetagen, a provided of pharmacogenomic services. New Chemical Entities was merged with Albany Molecular Research in 2001.
Awards
Cuticchia won numerous awards including:
National Cancer Institute caBIG Outstanding Achievement Award for his work in developing bioinformatics tools for the NCI in 2007.
Numerous awards from the Research Triangle Institute including the Presidential Award for his work in the development of bioinformatics.
He was ranked as one of the Top Three Bioinformatics Scientists by Genome Technology in 2001.
In 2003 he was inducted in the GT All-Stars Academy for his international contributions in bioinformatics.
Bibliography
Books
Chromosome Coordinating Meeting 1992 (CCM92 : Baltimore Conference), with P.L. Pearson, Basel: S. Karger Pub, 1993,
Human Gene Mapping, 1993: A Compendium, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994,
Human Gene Mapping, 1994: A Compendium, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995,
Human Gene Mapping, 1995: A Compendium, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996,
Methods of Microarray Data Analysis VI, Scotts Valley: Create Space Publishing, 2009,
Genetics: A Handbook for Lawyers, Chicago, ABA Book Publishing, 2010,
The Letter: A Satirical Look at Becoming a Lawyer'', CS Publishing, 2012,
References
External links
GDB on web.archive.org (No Longer in Service)
1966 births
2022 deaths
American geneticists
American bioinformaticians
University of Georgia alumni
People from Washington, D.C. |
4018036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Air%20Force%20Memorial%20%28Albany%2C%20Georgia%29 | Royal Air Force Memorial (Albany, Georgia) | The Royal Air Force Memorial in Albany, Georgia, United States, honors the British Royal Air Force Cadets buried in Albany and stands as a memorial to all British cadets who trained in the U.S. during World War II. It is located in Crown Hill Cemetery.
See also
War memorial
References
Royal Air Force memorials
Monuments and memorials in Georgia (U.S. state)
Buildings and structures in Albany, Georgia
World War II memorials in the United States
Tourist attractions in Albany, Georgia |
4018037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heli%20Koivula-Kruger | Heli Koivula-Kruger | Heli Maarit Kruger (née Koivula, formerly Koivula-Kruger; born 27 June 1975) is a Finnish former track and field athlete. She was born in Kauhajoki and represented Kauhajoen Karhu throughout her career. She lives in Vaasa. Her main athletic events were the triple jump and the long jump. She won the silver medal at the 2002 European Championships in Athletics in triple jump, with a wind assisted result of 14.83 metres. She held the Finnish record in triple jump, clearing 14.39 metres, from 2003 to 2021. She was married to discus thrower Frantz Kruger.
Achievements
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
People from Kauhajoki
Sportspeople from Vaasa
Finnish female long jumpers
Finnish female triple jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of Finland
European Athletics Championships medalists
20th-century Finnish women
21st-century Finnish women |
4018044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosonic | Photosonic | Photosonic is a light-sound concept originally used for the first time by Jacques Dudon for his 'Photosonic Disks'. It was then adopted by VJ/music producer Julyo for his 'Photosonic Guitar'. The term stands for a synesthesia experience, and color sound music.
References
See also
Synesthesia
Visual music |
4018046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Ker%2C%202nd%20Earl%20of%20Roxburghe | William Ker, 2nd Earl of Roxburghe | William Ker, 2nd Earl of Roxburghe PC (16222 July 1675) was a Scottish nobleman who inherited his title from his maternal grandfather, Robert Ker, 1st Earl of Roxburghe.
Early life
He was born William Drummond in 1622. He was the fifth and youngest son born to John Drummond, 2nd Earl of Perth, and Lady Jean Ker. His eldest brother, James Drummond (1615–1675), inherited his father's titles and became the 3rd Earl of Perth.
His mother was the eldest daughter of Robert Ker, 1st Earl of Roxburghe and the former Margaret Maitland, the only daughter and eventual heiress of William Maitland of Lethington. His paternal grandparents were Patrick Drummond, 3rd Lord Drummond and Lady Elizabeth Lindsay (the daughter of David Lindsay, 9th Earl of Crawford). His brother's son, James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth, was created the Duke of Perth in the Jacobite Peerage in 1701.
Peerage and career
As both of his maternal uncles predeceased his grandfather, the 1st Earl of Roxburghe, without a male heir to inherit his titles and estates, nominated his grandson William for the honours in 1648. William changed his surname to Ker and, by special arrangement ratified by Parliament in 1661, inherited the titles and estates of his grandfather.
In 1660 and 1661, he served as Privy Councillor and in 1668, he served as Col. of Foot with the Roxburgh and Selkirk Militia.
Personal life
On 17 May 1655, Roxburghe married his cousin, the Hon. Jane Ker, eldest daughter, and heir of line, of his late uncle, the Hon. Harry Ker (from his grandfather's second marriage to Jean Drummond, who was also his father's younger sister) and Lady Margaret Hay (the only daughter of William Hay, 10th Earl of Erroll and Lady Anne Lyon, daughter of Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne). After his uncle died, Lady Margaret remarried to John Kennedy, 6th Earl of Cassilis. Together, they were the parents of:
Hon. Robert Ker (–1682), who married Lady Margaret Hay, eldest daughter of John Hay, 1st Marquess of Tweeddale.
Hon. Harry Ker.
Hon. William Ker, who served as Sheriff of Tweeddale.
Hon. John Ker (d. 1707), who later took the surname Bellenden and became 2nd Lord Bellenden of Broughton (after inheriting from his first cousin twice removed, William Bellenden, 1st Lord Bellenden, the son of Sir James Bellenden of Broughton, and Margaret Ker).
Lady Jean Ker, who married Colin Lindsay, 3rd Earl of Balcarres, a prominent supporter of James II of England.
Roxburghe died on 2 July 1675 and his titles were inherited by his eldest son, Robert.
Descendants
Through his son Robert, he was a grandfather of Robert Ker, 4th Earl of Roxburghe (–1696), the eldest son of the 3rd Earl.
Through his youngest son John, who married Lady Mary Ramsay (widow of William Ramsay, 3rd Earl of Dalhousie) the second daughter of Henry Moore, 1st Earl of Drogheda, he was the grandfather of John Bellenden, 3rd Lord Bellenden and Lt. Col. William Bellenden (–1759), himself the father of William Bellenden (1728–1805), later Bellenden-Ker, later 7th Lord Bellenden, later 4th Duke of Roxburghe.
Through his only daughter Lady Jean Ker, he was a grandfather of Colin Lindsay, Lord Cumberland, master of Balcarres, who died unmarried in 1708, and Margaret Lindsay, who married John Fleming, 6th Earl of Wigtown.
References
1622 births
1675 deaths
Earls of Roxburghe
William Ker, 2nd Earl of Roxburghe
17th-century Scottish peers
Members of the Privy Council of Scotland |
4018054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerzy%20Petersburski | Jerzy Petersburski | Jerzy Petersburski (1895–1979) was a Jewish Polish pianist and composer of popular music, renowned mostly for his Tangos, some of which (such as To ostatnia niedziela, Już nigdy and Tango Milonga) were milestones in popularization of the musical genre in Poland and are still widely known today, more than half a century after their creation.
Early life
Jerzy Petersburski was born on 20 April 1895 into the well-known Warsaw family of Jewish musicians, Melodysta (on his mother's side). He graduated from the Warsaw Conservatory, where his professor was Antoni Sygietyński. Afterwards he moved to Vienna, where he continued his studies of conducting and at the faculty of piano of the local Music Academy. A talented pianist, he was persuaded by his friend Imré Kálmán to devote himself to popular rather than classical music. In Vienna he also debuted as a composer for Alexander Vertinsky, a renowned Russian poet and songwriter, famous for his romances.
Return to Poland
Upon his return to Poland, with his cousin Artur Gold, he co-founded the Petersburski & Gold Orchestra, which performed at the fashionable nightspot Adria. He became well known for music for cabaret and theaters in Warsaw. Among them was Julian Tuwim's and Marian Hemar's Qui Pro Quo, one of the most famous Polish cabarets of the interbellum. In late 1920s and 1930s, Petersburski became one of the most popular Polish composers as several of his songs became hits on Polish Radio and in music theatres throughout the country. Apart from Marian Hemar, the list of lyricists for his songs included some of the most renowned of their times: Andrzej Włast, Emanuel Szlechter, Ludwik Szmaragd and Artur Tur. Also the performers of Petersburski's songs added to his popularity: Wera Bobrowska (Już nigdy), Hanka Ordonówna (Sam mi mówiłeś), Tola Mankiewiczówna (Ty, miłość i wiosna), Ludwik Sempoliński (Cała przyjemność), Chór Dana and Mieczysław Fogg (Bez śladu) and Adolf Dymsza (Ja i żonka ma).
Despite being the writer of numerous waltzes and foxtrots, as well as two operettas (Kochanka z ekranu and Robert i Bertram), Petersburski is best known for his tangos. In 1928 he composed a song for Stanisława Nowicka titled Tango Milonga in Polish. The song became a major hit and was almost instantly translated to several languages, gaining much popularity abroad, both in Europe and in America (the English and German title being Oh, Donna Clara. The song was sung by many foreign artists, including Al Jolson, Henry Varny and Édith Piaf.
"Another of his tango compositions that attained international recognition was To Ostatnia Niedziela (The Last Sunday) (1933) with lyric by Zenon Friedwald describing the final meeting of former lovers who are parting. In Poland, To ostatnia niedziela is commonly and erroneously called the Suicide Tango - although the true Suicide Tango was the Hungarian art song Smutna niedziela (Gloomy Sunday). During the 1930s [Peterburski's tango] became an enormous evergreen in the Soviet Union, where it was played on virtually every street corner. It was so popular, that it was considered their own Russian tune."
Petersburski also wrote music for four Polish films in the 1930s, including Eugeniusz Bodo's successful Królowa przedmieścia of 1938.
Air Force Service
During the September campaign (Polish Defensive War) of 1939, Petersburski served with the Polish Air Force. After the country was overrun, he moved to the Soviet-occupied part of Poland. In 1940, he was allowed to continue his career and became the leader of the Belarusian Jazz Orchestra band. He performed many of his pre-war hits with new, Russian language lyrics. Among the original compositions of that time was the very popular waltz Sinii Platochek (The Blue Handkerchief, Polish title Blekitna chusteczka) performed by Klavdiya Shulzhenko, which became a popular folk song under the name The 22 June. Another of his popular Russian songs (performed by, among others, the Isaak Dunayevsky's Orchestra) was Utomliennoye solntse (Weary sun), in fact a Russian version of his pre-war To ostatnia niedziela. See also Burnt by the Sun. He also reorganized the Petersburski & Gold orchestra, this time together with Artur's brother Henryk Gold.
After the Sikorski-Mayski Agreement of 1941 he joined the Polish II Corps under Władysław Anders. Evacuated with the rest of the Polish Army to Persia, he moved to Cairo where he started working for the Polish Radio.
In 1947 he traveled, via Palestine, to Brasil, where he had a piano duo with his friend from pre-war Poland, also a Jewish composer, Alfred Schuetz. From 1948 to 1968 he lived in Argentina, working with 'Radio El Mundo' in Buenos Aires. During this time, he composed the hit song All Roads Lead to Buenos Aires, part of which became a famous radio jingle. He also co-led the El Nacional theatre orchestra with the famous Polish-Jewish cabaret actor Lopek (Kazimierz Krukowski). After the death of his wife Maria Minkowska during the earthquake in 1967, Petersburski moved to Caracas, Venezuela and in 1968 returned to Poland. In 1968, after resettling in his beloved Warsaw, he married Sylwia Klejdysz, an opera singer. He died in 1979 in Warsaw. His son, Jerzy Petersburski Jr., was born in 1969.
Death
Jerzy Petersburski died on 7 October 1979 in Warsaw and is buried in Powązki Cemetery.
References
External links
Tango in Poland - Culture.pl
Artur Gold orchestra
music Jerzy Petersburski, lyrics Andrzej Włast
From movie Co mój mąż robi w nocy? (What Does My Husband Do at Night?) music by Jerzy Petersburski lyrics Emanuel Schlechter
lyrics by Andrzej Włast, sung by Tadeusz Olsza
sung by Stefan Witas
Tango in Poland
Dust jacket article on Polish tango
List of some of the Polish tangos
Argentine Tango in Poland - BlauTango portal
1895 births
1979 deaths
20th-century Polish Jews
Jewish cabaret performers
Jewish songwriters
Polish composers
20th-century Polish pianists
Tango musicians
Polish cabaret performers
Musicians from Warsaw
Burials at Powązki Cemetery
20th-century comedians |
4018065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius%20Stone | Julius Stone | Julius Stone (7 July 1907 – 1985) was Challis Professor of Jurisprudence and International Law at the University of Sydney from 1942 to 1972, and thereafter a visiting Professor of Law at the University of New South Wales and concurrently Distinguished Professor of Jurisprudence and International Law at the Hastings College of Law, University of California.
He is the author of 27 books on jurisprudence and international law, and is hailed by his official biography at the Julius Stone Institute of Jurisprudence as one of the premier legal theorists.
Early life
Stone was born in Leeds, England to parents who were poor Lithuanian Jewish refugees.
Education
Stone received a scholarship to Oxford University, where he earned Bachelor of Arts (Jurisprudence), Bachelor of Civil Law and Doctor of Civil Law degrees. He followed this with a Master of Laws from Leeds University, and then a Doctor of Juridical Science from Harvard University.
Career
Stone taught at Harvard, and briefly at Leeds, then went to New Zealand where he worked at Auckland University College. In 1942, he was appointed Challis Professor of Jurisprudence and International Law at the University of Sydney, a position he held until 1972. Stone's appointment was controversial for several reasons; he was perceived to have a radical jurisprudential stance, some wanted the Chair to be held open until the end of the war as it was suggested that there were suitable candidates in active service. It was suspected that the fact that he was a Jew also played a role. A debate over his appointment was carried out in both the Australian parliament and local newspapers; the Chancellor of the University, and two Fellows of the University Senate, resigned in protest. This early experience of anti-Semitism influenced his lifelong commitment to justice, according to his biographer, Leonie Star (Star 1993).
Stone has been described by his official JSIJ biography as having "a life-long commitment to Israel" and in the Sydney Law Review as having an emotional and "fierce loyalty to the State of Israel" that led some of his colleagues to "express fear even to discuss Israel with him".
In 1972, Stone moved to the University of New South Wales, where he was a visiting Professor of Law until his death in 1985. While at University of New South Wales, he concurrently held the position of Distinguished Professor of Jurisprudence and International Law at the Hastings College of Law, University of California.
In 1999, 15 years after Stone's death, the University of Sydney established an institute of jurisprudence which was named after him, the Julius Stone Institute of Jurisprudence.
Influence
Stone influenced generations of lawyers who studied at University of Sydney. For most of his time there, the Law School was a practice-based school and students learnt what they needed to become practising lawyers. According to A J Brown of Griffith University, the former Justice of the High Court of Australia Michael Kirby was heavily influenced at university by Stone.
Israeli settlements
Stone's view is that Israeli settlements in the West Bank are legal under international law, and do not constitute a violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention (Article 49(6)). He stated:
"Irony would...be pushed to the absurdity of claiming that Article 49(6), designed to prevent repetition of Nazi-type genocidal policies of rendering Nazi metropolitan territories judenrein, has now come to mean that...the West Bank...must be made judenrein and must be so maintained, if necessary by the use of force by the government of Israel against its own inhabitants. Common sense as well as correct historical and functional context excludes so tyrannical a reading of Article 49(6.)"
Criticism
Stone has been criticised for his views in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict by Ben Saul, saying: "Many of Stone’s positions on critical international legal issues in the Israel/Palestine conflict stepped outside even generous zones of plausible or reasonable interpretations of the law, even on the law as it then often ambiguously stood, and certainly in hindsight."
Honours
Award of the American Society of International Law (1956).
Honorary life member of the American Society of International Law (1962).
Swiney Prize for Jurisprudence from the Royal Society of Arts (1964).
World Research Award from the Washington Conference on World Peace through Law (1965).
Officer of the Order of the British Empire, 1973.
Officer of the Order of Australia, 1981.
The Julius Stone Institute of Jurisprudence at Sydney Law School, University of Sydney is named in his honour.
Publications
Books
International Guarantees of Minority Rights: Procedure of the Council of the League of Nations in Theory and Practice (1932)
Regional Guarantees of Minority Rights: A Study of Minorities Procedure in Upper Silesia (1933)
The Atlantic Charter: New Worlds for Old (1943)
"Stand Up and Be Counted!" An Open Letter to the Right Honourable Sir Isaac Isaacs PC, GCMGM, on the Occasional of the Twenty-Sixth Anniversary of the Jewish National Home (1944)
Recent Trends in English Precedent, with a Comparative Introduction on the Civil Law (1945)
The Province and Function of Law: Law as Logic, Justice and Social Control, A Study in Jurisprudence (1947; second edition, 1961)
Law and Society (1948–49)
Legal Controls of International Conflict: A Treatise on the Dynamics of Disputes- and War-Law (1954)
Aggression and World Order: A Critique of United Nations Theories of Aggression (1958)
Legal Education and Public Responsibility (1959)
The Eichmann Trial and the Rule of Law (1961)
Quest for Survival: The Role of Law and Foreign Policy (1961)
The International Court and World Crisis (1962)
The Legal System and Lawyers' Reasonings (1964)
Human Law and Human Justice (1965)
Soviet Jewry (1965)
Social Dimensions of Law and Justice (1966)
Law and the Social Sciences in the Second Half Century (1966)
Research for Advancement of Peace: A Check-List of Programme Choices (1968)
Toward a Feasible International Criminal Court (1970)
Approaches to the Notion of International Justice (1970)
Self-Determination and the Palestinian Arabs (1970)
Of Law and Nations: Between Power Politics and Human Hopes (1974)
Conflict through Consensus: United Nations Approaches to Aggression (1977)
Israel and Palestine: An Assault on the Law of Nations (1981)
Visions of World Order: Between State Power and Human Justice (1984)
Precedent and Law: The Dynamics of Common Law Growth (1985)
Pamphlets
International Law and The Arab-Israel Conflict (n.d.) [but after 1980],
References
Further reading
Star, Leonie. Julius Stone: an intellectual life. Oxford University Press, 1993,
External links
Biography of Julius Stone
Kirby, Michael. Julius Stone and the High Court of Australia – a speech by Justice Michael Kirby at a Symposium to mark the 50th Anniversary of the publication of Stone's Province and Function of Law.
Stone, Julius. International Law and the Arab-Israeli conflict (PDF) – Extracts from Israel and Palestine – Assault on the Law of Nations
International law scholars
British emigrants to Australia
New Zealand legal scholars
British legal scholars
Harvard Law School alumni
University of California, Hastings faculty
University of Sydney faculty
University of New South Wales faculty
Australian Jews
1907 births
1985 deaths
Jurisprudence academics
University of Auckland faculty
Australian Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Officers of the Order of Australia
British expatriates in the United States
British expatriates in New Zealand |
4018066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Mazur | Eric Mazur | Eric Mazur (born November 14, 1954) is a physicist and educator at Harvard University, and an entrepreneur in technology start-ups for the educational and technology markets. Mazur's research is in experimental ultrafast optics, condensed matter physics and peer instruction. Born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, he received his undergraduate and graduate degrees from Leiden University.
Education
Mazur studied physics and astronomy at Leiden University. He passed his "doctoraal examen" (equivalent to a master's degree) in 1977 and continued his graduate studies at the same institution. His PhD thesis investigated the structure of non-equilibrium angular momentum polarizations in polyatomic gases.
Career and research
Although he intended to go on to a career in industry with Philips N.V. in Eindhoven, he left Europe at the urging of his father, Peter Mazur, to pursue a postdoctoral study with Nobel laureate Nicolaas Bloembergen at Harvard University. After two years as a postdoctoral researcher working with Bloembergen, Mazur was offered a position of assistant professor at Harvard University. In 1987 he was promoted to associate professor and obtained tenure three years later in 1990. Mazur currently holds a chair as Balkanski Professor of Physics and Applied Physics jointly in the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and in the Physics Department. He is also the Dean of Applied Physics.
Mazur's early work at Harvard focused on the use of short-pulse lasers to carry out spectroscopy of highly vibrationally excited molecules. Mazur and his group have made many pioneering contributions to the field of ultrashort laser pulses and their interactions with matter ("femtosecond material science"). In 1989 his group was one of the first in academia to build a colliding-pulse mode-locked laser, which generated pulses of only 70 femtosecond duration. After early measurements by Mazur's group demonstrated conclusively that solids can undergo a structural phase transition without appreciable heating of the lattice, Mazur's group developed a technique to measure the full dielectric function of highly excited semiconductors. Since then the group's use of this technique and various nonlinear optical probes to study laser-induced structural phase transitions.
In parallel to the work on semiconductors, Mazur began studying the interaction of intense femtosecond pulses with transparent materials. By tightly focusing a laser pulse in the bulk of a transparent material nonlinear optical absorption occurs inside the material, leading to extreme high temperatures and material changes at the focus. This femtosecond laser micromachining technique is now widely used for data storage, fabrication of integrated optical components, and microsurgery.
In 1998 a serendipitous discovery in Mazur's laboratory led to the development of a new method to form a silicon surface modification, called "black silicon" because of its very low reflectivity. After irradiation by a train of femtosecond laser pulses in the presence of a halogen containing gas, the surface of silicon develops a self-organized microscopic structure of micrometer-sized cones. The resulting material has many remarkable properties, such as an enhanced absorption that extends to the infrared below the band gap of silicon. The material has found commercial applications in a number of photodetectors.
Mazur's research continues to focus on ultrashort laser pulse interactions and novel nonlinear optical devices. In collaboration with a group from Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, Mazur's group was the first to develop a technique for pulling subwavelength diameter silica optical fibers. These wires guide light in the form of an evanescent wave, permit very sharp bending of the light.
Peer instruction
In 1991, Mazur began designing an instructional strategy for teaching called peer instruction. In 1997, he published a book called Peer Instruction: A User's Manual which provides details on this strategy.
Peer Instruction (PI) has been found to be more beneficial than class-wide discussion or lecture. In fact, according to an article in the March/April 2009 edition of Complexity, over 90% of instructors who have tried PI plan to continue to use it and incorporate it more into teaching. The seating arrangement plays an important role in the outcome of this method. For example, when low-performing students are seated in the front, their chance to do better increases. Meanwhile, the results of high-performing students who are seated in the back are not affected. In addition, when high-performing students are seated in the outer four corners of the classroom, the performance of the class as a whole increases.
Entrepreneurship
Mazur has founded or co-founded at least two technology start-ups: SiOnyx, which makes infrared sensors, and Learning Catalytics, which in April 2013 he sold to the Pearson educational corporation.
Awards and honors
Mazur has been widely recognized for his scientific work and leadership.
1988 – Awarded the Presidential Young Investigator Award by President Ronald Reagan.
1989 – Elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society.
1999 – Award for excellence in educational research by the Council of Scientific Society Presidents
2006 – selected as one of 75 most outstanding American physicists by the American Association of Physics Teachers
2008 – Awarded the Esther Hoffman Beller Medal by the Optical Society of America.
2008 - Correspondent of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
2014 - Minerva Prize for Advancement in Higher Education by Minerva University
References
External links
1954 births
Living people
21st-century American physicists
20th-century Dutch physicists
Dutch emigrants to the United States
Laser researchers
Leiden University alumni
Harvard University faculty
Scientists from Amsterdam
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Optical physicists |
4018080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%20Lygia | Gra Lygia | Gra Lygia () is located approximately 4 km west of Ierapetra center. Its residents are called "GraLighiotes". They are occupied mainly in the agriculture sector; this is the main source of income for the residents and their income per capita is one of the highest in the region. The village is surrounded by greenhouses which demonstrates that the agriculture sector is modernized. There are many firms in related fields such as agriculture companies that co-operate with multinationals.
In recent years there has been a lot of development in the village's standard of living. Young people can enjoy the presence of cafeterias, internet cafes, snack bars, kebab shops, and DVD rentals. Major shops are Linux cafe (internet cafe), gyrovolies (kebab shop), Joanna (clothwear), Avantage (cafe bar) and others. There are two relatively big supermarkets and several corner shops that give a good shopping and leisure environment to the community.
The community enjoys high multicultural environment as a lot of immigrants live here and contribute to the local economy mainly as manual workers. The immigrants are mainly for countries of the former Communist bloc. The majority of them comes from Bulgaria and Albania, but also from countries such as Poland, Russia etc.
Sports are highly popular in the village, especially football and basketball. The basketball team of Lygia won the double in the local championship of the Cretan League and got promoted in the Third National Division for the 2006-2007 season.
There are some sports facilities such as a basketball and volleyball court in the elementary school and a small football stadium in the Kotsyfiani church area.
The village is near the seaside looking over to the Libyan Sea and is a great place for swimming and summer sports. Each summer some tournaments such as beach football are organised at the local beach. During the summer the beach is very popular as a lot of people with origins from Gra-Lighia spend their holidays in the village. Local people enjoy sailing and fishing and they possess small boats that one can see in the marina of the village.
A big problem for this community is the dangerous road network that surround the village and lead to deadly accidents especially among youth that use motorbikes.
Notable persons with origins from Gra Lighia are Ioannis Pyrgiotakis who is ex vice-chancellor of the University of Crete and Ioannis (Marinos) Gaitanakis (mother side) one of the top basketball player (shooting guard) that ever appeared in Ierapetra. He has the record for most points per game(55)
References
Populated places in Lasithi
Ierapetra |
4018088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill%20a%20h-Uile%20Rud | Mill a h-Uile Rud | Mill a h-Uile Rud () is a Seattle-based band who sing in Scottish Gaelic.
The band
The name translates as 'Destroy Everything'. The band sings entirely in Scottish Gaelic, which has proved something of a novelty in Scotland and has gained them considerable coverage in English, Scottish Gaelic, Irish language, and other Celtic language media.
Although Oi Polloi released the first Gaelic Punk album 'Carson?' in 2003, Mill a h-Uile Rud's 'Ceàrr' was the first CD of all new Gaelic songs ever released. Ceàrr was also the first CD produced with exclusively Gaelic liner notes and the official Mill a h-Uile Rud website was the first all-Gaelic band website. Ceàrr was recorded in a studio in Port Townsend Washington in 2005 for $400 (about £200) in just two days. The recording was virtually 'live'; the band only did two takes of each song. In 2006, the band recorded three other songs in a slightly more professional setting; these songs appeared on the compilation albums 'Ceòl Gàidhlig mar Sgian nad Amhaich' and 'Gàidhlig na Lasair.'
Biography
The band formed in 2003 and retain their original line-up of Tim Armstrong (vocals, guitar), Sgrios a h-Uile Rud (vocals, bass) and Sìne Nic Anndrais (drums). (This Tim Armstrong is a different person from the Tim Armstrong from Berkeley who sings in the punk band Rancid.) Originally from Seattle, Armstrong was a member of several punk bands in Brunswick, Maine in the late eighties, including Officer Friendly. After spending some years living in Scotland and meeting other Gaelic-speaking punks such as Ruairidh of Oi Polloi, both Tim and Sìne, whose mother is from the Gaelic-speaking island of Benbecula, started learning Gaelic.
In April 2005, Mill a h-Uile Rud embarked on a European tour with Oi Polloi which took in Scotland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and Poland. Much of this tour was filmed by BBC Alba for a Gaelic television documentary on Mill a h-Uile Rud and Gaelic punk. They have also played in Stornoway, on the sparsely populated Isle of Lewis, the largest town in the Western Isles of Scotland. They also recorded a live session for the BBC Radio nan Gaidheal nighttime 'Rapal' program which is broadcast nationally in Scotland. In 2005, Tim moved to Scotland full-time to study sociolinguistics and language revival—he is a lecturer at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig—and as such, the band is less active, although they still play from time to time when Tim is back in the Seattle. Tim was also involved in the Gaelic techno/hip-hop act, Nad Aislingean, the Gaelic rock band, Na Gathan and in 2013 published Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach, the first Scottish Gaelic science fiction novel, published by CLÀR. The book was launched in Edinburgh with Mill a h-Uile Rud's contemporaries Oi Polloi at an illegal street gig on Leith Walk outside Elvis Shakespeare, and later at The Cruz boat on The Shore with Comann Ceilteach Oilthigh Dhun Eideann and CLÀR. Sgrios remains quite active in the Seattle folk-punk scene and is involved in a number of bands in the city while Sìne now runs a goat cheese farm outside of Seattle and researches farming culture. Only their roadie, Erin, still lives on the remote punk commune in the mountains outside Seattle where the band was formed.
Views and lyrical topics
Mill a h-Uile Rud broke new ground in Gaelic music, but they now admit that when they started they didn't fully understand the Gaelic music scene. In an interview aired on BBC Alba, Tim explained, "In the beginning we were so naive," and that it wasn't until later that they appreciated the novelty of what they were doing. Song topics frequently deal with sex which is unusual for contemporary Gaelic music. However the band and others contend that this is in keeping with Gaelic bardic tradition and traditional poets from past centuries such as Iain Lom and Alasdair MacMhaighstir Alasdair. As a band, Mill a h-Uile Rud are highly critical of much Celtic Punk that, in their opinion, sells a cheesy, beer-soaked stereotype of Gaelic culture. They are also noted for their hard-core stance on Gaelic use in and around the band. In a Gaelic music scene where the language is often exploited as a showcase without much actual practical use outside of the songs themselves, Mill a h-Uile Rud stand out for not only singing in Gaelic, but using it in packaging, on their websites, on the stage and with each other. Mill a h-Uile Rud have also never allowed any official translations of their songs.
They have also translated the Ramones' "Sheena Is a Punk Rocker" into Gaelic and play it in their live set.
Discography
2004: Ceàrr (Clàran Droch-Shùil)
2005: Ceòl Gàidhlig mar Sgian nad Amhaich ("Steòrnabhagh"; one track on a four-band compilation single)
2006: Gàidhlig na Lasair ("Steòrnabhagh," "Oran Sabaid Sabhal Mòr Ostaig" and "Crath do Thòn"; three tracks on a five-band compilation CD)
External links
English
article on Mill a h-Uile Rud in Hi-Arts magazine of the Scottish Highlands and Islands
scholarly article on Gaelic music that discusses Mill a h-Uile Rud and their hard-core stand on Gaelic use
Gaelic
article on Gaelic punk in The Scotsman newspaper
article on Mill a h-Uile Rud in The Scotsman newspaper
Notes
Scottish Gaelic music
American musical trios
Celtic punk groups
Punk rock groups from Washington (state) |
4018097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladislav%20L%C3%A1bus | Ladislav Lábus | Ladislav Lábus (born 21 November 1951 in Prague) is a Czech architect and university teacher. He is brother of the Czech actor Jiří Lábus.
References
External links
Interview with short biography (in Czech)
Photo
Short biography (in Czech)
Czech architects
1951 births
Living people |
4018099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zayn | Zayn | Zayn, Zain or ZAYN may refer to:
People
Zain (name) (), an Arabic name meaning "beauty" or "grace"
Zayn ad-Din (disambiguation) (), an Arabic name meaning "grace of the faith"
‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn, also known as Zayn al-‘Ābidīn, son of Hussein and a great-grandson of Muhammad
Zayn Malik (born 1993), also known mononymously as Zayn or ZAYN, British recording artist and former member of One Direction
Zayn-e-Attar, also known as Ali ibn Husayn Ansari Shirazi and as Haji Zayn Attar, a 14th-century Persian physician
Abu Zubaydah (Zayn Abu Zubaydah), a Saudi Arabian citizen held in U.S. custody in Guantanamo Bay
Sami Zayn, the ring name of Canadian professional wrestler Rami Sebei
See also
Zein (disambiguation)
Zain (disambiguation)
Zane (disambiguation)
Zayin, a Semitic letter |
4018103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire%20%28Buffy%20the%20Vampire%20Slayer%29 | Vampire (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | In the fictional world of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spin-off series Angel, a vampire is a unique variety of demon that can only exist on the earthly plane by inhabiting and animating a human corpse. In Fray, a Buffy comic book spin-off set about a century in the future, vampires are also called lurks.
Description
The vampires in the canonical Buffyverse differ greatly from those that appeared in the 1992 Buffy the Vampire Slayer movie. The movie's vampires are able to fly, look pale but relatively human, and do not crumble to dust when killed. The canonical vampires (introduced in the first episode of the television series) are demonic spirits that inhabit human corpses.
Because of their partly human nature, vampires are considered impure by other demons who sometimes call them "blood rats".
According to Rupert Giles, when the ancient race of demons called the Old Ones were banished from Earth, the last one fed on a human and mixed their blood, creating the first vampire. This vampire then feeds on other humans and makes more of its kind, essentially being biological weapon against the human race for the Old Ones. According to Illyria, vampires existed during her time as an Old Onelong before the rest were banished from the realm. Vampires possess all the memories and skills of their human predecessors. They also retain much of their host's personality, including any mental illnesses or emotional instabilities. For example, Spike (unlike most vampires) retained his love for his dying mother. Harmony kept her vain, shallow valley girl personality and her love of unicorns. Darla tells the newly turned Liam/Angelus that "what we were, informs what we become"; after her resurrection as a human she says that the darkness he unleashed as Angelus was always in him as a human, long before they met, resulted from the memories of the abuses by his father.
Vampires possess superhuman abilities, such as increased strength, heightened senses, and accelerated healingall of which increase as they grow older or when they drink the blood of powerful supernatural creatures. They can drain animalsincluding humansof their blood in a few seconds. Vampires are immortal and can live indefinitely without any signs of aging, though extremely old vampires acquire demonic features such as cloven hooves for hands, and lose their resemblance to humans. Vampiresexcept those who are skilled with powerful magic such as Count Draculacannot shape-shift.
Vampires in the Buffyverse live on a diet of blood, preferring fresh human blood; they can distinguish the blood of different animals by flavor, and those who do not drink human blood enjoy that of otters. They require no other food or drink, and although they can ingest it they generally find it bland. Prolonged deprivation of blood can impair a vampire's higher brain functions and they become "living skeletons", but lack of blood will not result in a vampire's death. They do not need to breathe airalthough they can breathe to speak or smokeand they cannot pass breath on to others via CPR. They are affected by drugs, poisons, and electricity, and they can be sedated and tasered. Some vampires enjoy both alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, and tobacco.
Vampires can change at will between human appearance and a monstrous form with a pronounced brow ridge, yellow eyes, and sharp teeth. They make a roaring sound when angered. In human form, they can be detected by their lack of heartbeat and lower body temperature. They do not cast reflections, although they can be photographed and filmed. They are largely immune to mind-reading, but Willow Rosenberg can telepathically communicate with vampires such as Spike.
Vampires can be killed by beheading, burning with fire, sunlight, or excessive amount of holy water, by penetration of the heart by a wooden object, or powerful explosives. When killed, a vampire rapidly turns to dry dust. They heal quickly from most injuries but do not regrow lost limbs (although Spike was able to use his hands when they were reattached after being amputated by a mentally disturbed Slayer) and can acquire scars. Their flesh burns in direct sunlight, and on contact with blessed objects such as holy water, a Bible, recently consecrated ground or a Christian cross. They can enter consecrated buildings but appear to feel ill at ease. Vampires are attracted to bright colors and are said to dislike garlic.
Vampires cannot enter a human residence without having been invited once by a living resident; however, once given, such an invitation can only be revoked by a magic ritual. If all living residents die, vampires can enter freely. Areas open to the public and the homes of other vampires, demons, and non-humans are not protected.
To reproduce, vampires must drain a human being of most of his or her blood, then force the victim to drink some of the vampire's blood. This process is known as "siring", and the vampire who does so is called a "sire". Sires often act as mentors to their 'children' and form small covens of related vampires for various purposes. Some vampires can be telepathically linked to those that they have sired. The amount of time it takes for a new vampire to rise seems to vary; Buffy often kills vampires as they rise from their graves but other vampires rise after only a few hours. There is no explanation given for this in the series. They cannot normally reproduce sexually, but under mystical means allow Angel and Darla to conceive a son, Connor, who has a human soul with vampire-like abilities, but none of their weaknesses or need to drink blood.
Vampires in the Buffyverse do not have human souls, but Giles in "The Harvest" says the human corpse a vampire is born into is infected with a demon soul via vampiric blood, and therefore lacks a conscience. Angel and Spikevampires who have had their human souls restored to themfeel remorse for their previous actions. However, soulless vampires are capable of feeling human emotions such as love, though these tend to be expressed as twisted and obsessive behavior.
Variations of vampires are seen on both Buffy and Angel. In the Angel season two episode "Through the Looking Glass", Angel and his team travel to a parallel world, Pylea, where he becomes a "Van-Tal" demon with green skin, spines and a bestial appearance. This form is described by Wesley as the vampire (specifically the demon that creates the vampire) in its purest form. While in this form, Angel lacks the ability to reason, possessing neither the compassion his soul gives him nor the sadism he possesses as Angelus.
The seventh season of Buffy introduces the Turok-Han, an ancient species of vampire analogous to Neanderthal man. These Turok-Han, colloquially referred to as "über-vamps", are stronger and harder to kill than common vampires, can usually withstand a stake to the chest without dusting and show only minor burns when doused with holy water, but can still be killed by beheading or sunlight. The Turok-Han show very little intelligence and cannot speak.
At the end of Season Eight, Buffy destroys the Seed of Wonder, affecting the magical world but not active demons and vampires on Earth. All new vampires sired after the Seed's destruction rise as mindless, feral creatures that Xander Harris dubs "zompires". However, at the end of Season Nine, after rogue slayer Simone Doffler's experiment to create an ultimate vampire upon the slayers who followed her, one slayer, Vicki, has risen as a vampire after Doffler's death who exhibits the abilities of immunity to sunlight and shape shifting. During the beginning of Season Ten, Vicki and the new breed of vampires she sired are shown to be as strong and able withstand a stake to the chest as Turok-Han, however exhibiting a new vulnerability to silver as werewolves.
Creation
The idea of the "vamp faces" — to have vampires' human features distort to become more demonic — was implemented because Whedon wanted to have high school students that the other characters could interact with normally only to discover that these people would turn out be vampires, creating a sense of paranoia. He also wanted to make the vampires look demonic, stating, "I didn't think I really wanted to put a show on the air about a high school girl who was stabbing normal-looking people in the heart. I thought somehow that might send the wrong message, but when they are clearly monsters, it takes it to a level of fantasy that is safer."
In early episodes, the vampires appeared "very white-faced, very creepy, very ghoulish". This was changed in later seasons to make the vampires look more human because of the sympathetic vampire character Angel and because elaborate make-up was time-consuming. Whedon said that people thought the white faces were "funny looking" but found it creepy, comparing it to the monsters in zombie movies such as Day of the Dead and The Evil Dead. The character of the Master was designed to be in permanent vamp face to highlight his age and make him appear animalistic. Make-up artist John Vulich based the Master's appearance on a bat, saying that the character has devolved to a more primal, demonic state over the years.
It was decided that vampires and their clothes would turn to dust after they died. The introduction to one episode, "The Wish", parodied this vampiric trait; when Buffy kills a non-humanoid demon, Willow wonders why the demon corpse "doesn't go poof" and must be buried. Joss Whedon had the vampires explode into dust because it was practical, it demonstrates that they are monsters, he did not want a high school girl killing bad guys every episode and have them clean up bodies for 20 minutes, and it also "looks really cool".
In the first episode, vampires' clothes reflect the era in which they died. Joss Whedon felt this concept was a "charming notion" but rejected it because he believed that if every vampire in the show were dressed in old-fashioned clothes they would cease to be scary.
When creating the vampire "rules" that they would use in the show, the writers used elements from existing vampire lore. They decided the vampires would not fly as in the Buffy movie because they could not make flying vampires look convincing on a television budget. Garlic is mentioned or used as vampire repellent in a few episodes, but its effect on vampires is never stated. Some established rules, such as a vampire's inability to enter a home uninvited, both helped and hindered the storytelling. Whedon said that whereas shows such as The X-Files spend time explaining the science behind the supernatural and making it as real as possible, Buffy and Angel are more concerned with the emotion resulting from these creatures and events than justifying how they could conceivably exist. The shows therefore tend to gloss over the details of vampire and demon lore, simply using the Hellmouth as a plot device to explain unexplainable things.
See also
Vampire fiction
References
External links
Vampires section at "All Things Philosophical on BtVS and AtS"
Fictional characters with accelerated healing
Fictional characters with superhuman strength
Fictional characters who can move at superhuman speeds
Fictional hybrid life forms
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Fictional warrior races |
4018120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Bavetta | Dick Bavetta | Richard W. Bavetta (born December 10, 1939) is an American retired professional basketball referee for the National Basketball Association (NBA). Since starting in 1975, he had never missed an assigned game and holds the league record for most officiated games with 2,635.
His game on April 12, 2013 in Washington was his 2,600th consecutive game as an NBA official.
Early life
Bavetta was born in the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York on December 10, 1939. His father was an officer for the New York Police Department, and his mother was a homemaker. Bavetta attended Power Memorial Academy in New York City (the same school future NBA star Kareem Abdul-Jabbar attended) and is a 1962 graduate of St. Francis College in New York and played on the schools' basketball teams. He began officiating after his brother, Joe, who officiated for the American Basketball Association, convinced him that it would be an interesting career. A Wall Street broker for Salomon Brothers with an MBA in finance from the New York Institute of Finance, Bavetta began officiating games between fellow brokers in the Wall Street League, played at New York's Downtown Athletic Club, and later worked high school games. For ten years, he officiated Public and Catholic High School leagues in New York and later nine years in the Eastern Professional Basketball League, which later became the Continental Basketball Association.
NBA officiating career
In the mid-1960s, he began to attend regional referee tryouts in the hopes of becoming an NBA referee; however, he was rejected for eight straight years due to his small physique and unimposing size. Bavetta was finally hired by the NBA in 1975 following the retirement of Mendy Rudolph. He debuted December 2, 1975 at Madison Square Garden in an NBA game between the New York Knicks and the Boston Celtics. His first ten years in the league were tough as he was constantly ranked bottom among NBA referees in performance evaluations and led the league in technical fouls and ejections called.
To improve his officiating, Bavetta refereed games for the New Jersey pro league and Rucker League in Harlem during the off-seasons and studied NBA rulebooks. In 1983, he became the first referee to undergo rigorous physical training. He ran six to eight miles and took three-hour naps every day. His effort paid off when he emerged as one of the best referees. In the 1980s, he was named chief referee, who has the power to approve or overrule calls made by other officials. He was assigned to officiate his first playoff game in 1986.
Bavetta's most memorable game occurred during a 1980s nationally televised contest between the Philadelphia 76ers and Boston Celtics when he was forced to officiate an NBA game by himself after his partner, Jack Madden, broke his leg in a collision with Celtics guard Dennis Johnson. At one point in the game, Celtics forward Larry Bird and 76ers guard Julius Erving began to strangle each other and were ejected by Bavetta. Bavetta believed that this game assisted in the progression of his career in the NBA.
From 1990 to 2000, Bavetta regularly refereed playoff games and was ranked at the top among referees in terms of performance evaluation. In 2000, he was one of the highest-paid referees in the NBA, earning over $200,000 a year. Among those playoff games included Game 6 of the 1998 NBA Finals, in which Bavetta ruled that a three-point basket made by Howard Eisley of the Utah Jazz was released after the shot clock buzzer sounded and thus would not count. However, television replays on NBC showed otherwise. Bavetta's career was threatened when he was accidentally hit in the nose by Pacers forward Jalen Rose, who was trying to punch Knicks center Patrick Ewing during a 1999 game between the Indiana Pacers and the New York Knicks. Bavetta did not leave the game immediately, opting to wait until later in the day to have surgery. He returned the next day to officiate an Atlanta Hawks-New Jersey Nets game.
On February 8, 2006, Bavetta officiated his 2,135th NBA game, setting a league record for most games officiated that was previously held by Jake O'Donnell. Bavetta said the secret to his longevity was "wearing five pairs of socks", which he claims helped keep his feet in good shape. Contributing to his good health, Bavetta says he runs five to eight miles every day. For his longevity in the league, he has received the nickname "the Cal Ripken Jr. of referees".
During the 2006–07 season, Bavetta officiated a December 16, 2006 game between the New York Knicks and Denver Nuggets. The game involved a brawl where all ten players on the court were ejected by Bavetta and his officiating crew. The league eventually suspended seven players for a total of 47 games and fined both teams $500,000.
After 39 years of officiating in the NBA, Bavetta officially retired on August 19, 2014 having officiated 2,635 consecutive regular season games.
Charitable works
Bavetta is also actively involved in charitable works. He has established and financed the Lady Bavetta Scholarships since 1986 in honor of his daughters, awarded to high school minority children based on their needs. He has volunteered since 1992 with Double H Hole in the Woods Ranch working with children with a multitude of medical special needs. He also works with the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation and serves as the Upstate New York Regional Director for the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation.
During the 2007 NBA All-Star Weekend, Bavetta raced Turner Network Television (TNT) studio analyst and former NBA player Charles Barkley for a $75,000 charitable donation ($50,000 contributed by the NBA and $25,000 by TNT) to the Las Vegas Boys & Girls Clubs of America, but lost by a narrow margin. The distance of the race was three and one half full lengths of the court (or 329 feet). Bavetta lost the race despite a last-second dive and Barkley running the last portion of the race backwards. The dive resulted in an abrasion injury to Bavetta's right knee.
Controversies
Altercations with Earl Strom
According to Darryl Dawkins' autobiography, Bavetta was officiating an NBA game during the mid-1970s between the Philadelphia 76ers and New Jersey Nets with Earl Strom as his partner for that game. Bavetta overruled Strom on a crucial last-second personal foul call against the Nets, which would have been a victory for the 76ers. When the game ended and players were walking to their respective locker rooms, the door to the referees' locker room flew open and Bavetta came staggering out. His uniform was allegedly ripped and he was wearing a big welt over his eye, running to get away from Strom. Strom stepped out into the hallway and hollered after Bavetta, "You'll take another one of my fucking calls again, right, you motherfucker?" Strom was fined for the incident.
Bavetta had another altercation with Strom when Strom tried to choke Bavetta before an NBA game in 1989. Strom reportedly apologized within two weeks of the incident.
Allegations of game fixing
Bavetta was one of three referees for the Game 6 of the 2002 Western Conference Finals between the Kings and the Lakers. Former referee Tim Donaghy has alleged that at least one of the referees working this game had subjective motives for wanting the Lakers to defeat the Kings, and made officiating calls to effectuate this outcome. NBA rules prohibited active referees from commenting on the situation publicly. The New York Times reported on June 12, 2008 that the Federal Bureau of Investigation investigated allegations that Game 6 of the 2002 Western Conference Finals had been manipulated to further the series to a seventh game.
In a 2002 article, Bill Simmons named the worst officiated games of the prior four years, alleging that the games involved either extending a series so it did not end quickly or advancing a large market team for the NBA's benefit. All seven games named had been officiated by Bavetta.
Other achievements
Inducted into the New York City Catholic High School Hall of Fame on June 1, 2000
Received the National Pro-Am Lifetime Achievement Award on October 14, 2002
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2015.
Was the recipient of the 2016 Jerry Colangelo Award at the Athletes in Action All Star Breakfast, which is held each year during the NBA All Star Weekend
References
External links
National Basketball Referees Association
1939 births
Living people
Basketball people from New York (state)
Continental Basketball Association referees
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
National Basketball Association referees
People from Ocala, Florida
People from Park Slope
Sportspeople from Brooklyn
St. Francis Brooklyn Terriers men's basketball players |
4018122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20World%20Order%20%28Gamma%20Ray%20album%29 | No World Order (Gamma Ray album) | No World Order is the seventh full-length album by the German power metal band Gamma Ray released in 2001. A music video was made for the song "Eagle".
Track listing
Personnel
Kai Hansen - vocals, electric guitars
Henjo Richter - Electric and acoustic guitars, keyboards
Dirk Schlächter - bass
Dan Zimmermann - drums
Production
Mixed at: Hansen Studio, Hamburg, Germany
Engineered by: Dirk Schlächter, Kai Hansen
Charts
Credits
Cover Painting by: Hervé Monjeaud
Digital Artwork and Booklet-design by: Henjo Richter
References
2001 albums
Gamma Ray (band) albums
Albums produced by Kai Hansen |
4018134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure-FTPd | Pure-FTPd | Pure-FTPd is a free (BSD license) FTP Server with a strong focus on software security. It can be compiled and run on a variety of Unix-like computer operating systems including Linux, OpenBSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD, DragonFly BSD, Solaris, Tru64, Darwin, Irix and HP-UX. It has also been ported to Android.
History
Pure-FTPd is based on Troll-FTPd, written by Arnt Gulbrandsen while he was working at Trolltech from 1995 to 1999. When Gulbrandsen stopped maintaining Troll-FTPd, Frank Denis created Pure-FTPd in 2001, and it is currently developed by a team led by Denis.
See also
List of FTP server software
vsftpd
References
External links
Official Webpage
FTP server software
Free server software
Free file transfer software
IRIX software
Software using the BSD license
Free software programmed in C |
4018143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlayuda | Tlayuda | Tlayuda (), sometimes spelled clayuda, is a handmade dish in traditional Oaxacan cuisine, consisting of a large, thin, crunchy, partially fried or toasted tortilla covered with a spread of refried beans, asiento (unrefined pork lard), lettuce or cabbage, avocado, meat (usually shredded chicken, beef tenderloin or pork), Oaxaca cheese, and salsa.
A popular antojito, the tlayuda is native to the state of Oaxaca. It is regarded as iconic in the local cuisine, and can be found particularly around Oaxaca City. Tlayudas are also available in the center-south region of Mexico, such as Mexico City, Puebla, or Guadalajara.
The dinner plate-sized tortilla is either seared (usually on a comal) or charred on a grill. Refried beans are then applied, along with lard and vegetables, to serve as a base for the main ingredients. The rules for topping a tlayuda are not strict, and restaurants and street vendors often offer a variety of toppings, including "'tasajo" (cuts of meat typical of Central Valley of Oaxaca), chorizo, and cecina enchilada (thin strips of chili powder-encrusted pork). They may be prepared open-faced or folded in half.
In popular culture
Tlayuda was featured on the Netflix TV series, Street Food volume 2, which focuses on Latin American street food.
See also
List of Mexican dishes
Mexican pizza
Tostada
Memela
References
Oaxacan cuisine
Tortilla-based dishes
Baked foods |
4018155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20B.%20Aird | Robert B. Aird | Robert Burns Aird (5 November 1903 – 28 January 2000) was an American educator, neurologist and epileptologist.
Aird's father, Dr. John Aird, founded Provo General Hospital in Provo, Utah, with two other doctors, Dr. Fred W. Taylor and George E. Robison, in 1903. The hospital was the first general hospital in Utah County. In 1923 the partnership broke up and Dr. John Aird continued the hospital under the name of the Aird Hospital from 1923 to 1939 when Utah Valley Hospital was opened. Robert Aird's grandfather and grandmother, William Aird and Elizabeth McLean, were Scottish immigrants and the family was proud of its heritage, thus the name "Robert Burns" Aird, after the famous Scottish poet. His uncle, Henry McLean Aird, was a prominent educator in Utah.
After education at Deep Springs College, Cornell University, and Harvard Medical School, Aird worked first as a neurosurgeon and then as a neurologist at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF). He was made the first chair when the Department of Neurology was created in 1949 and was professor and chair until his retirement in 1966.
In addition to conducting his own research (Flynn Aird syndrome bears his name), Aird developed the department into a leading academic center for the study of the brain sciences, drawing future Nobel laureate Stanley Prusiner as a resident late during Aird's tenure. From 1958 to 1959 he served as president of the American Epilepsy Society (AES) and received its Lennox Award in 1970.
Aird wrote a history of modern neurology and coauthored 2 textbooks on epilepsy.
A lifelong musician, Aird was president of the Cornell University Glee Club as an undergraduate, and during his tenure as neurology chairman at UCSF wrote a musical about the life of Joshua A. Norton (ca. 1815-1880), the mentally ill self-proclaimed Emperor of the United States and Mexico.
References
Further reading
Robert Aird archival collection at UCSF
1903 births
2000 deaths
American epileptologists
Cornell University alumni
Deep Springs College alumni
Deep Springs College faculty
Harvard Medical School alumni
University of California, San Francisco faculty |
4018165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario%20Beaulieu%20%28senator%29 | Mario Beaulieu (senator) | Mario Beaulieu (February 1, 1930 – October 12, 1998) was a Canadian notary, politician and senator.
Early life and career
Born in Plantagenet, Ontario, the son of Henri de Montpellier Beaulieu and Berthe Lalonde, he was educated in Montreal and became a notary in 1956.
He ran unsuccessfully for the National Assembly of Quebec as a Union Nationale candidate for the riding of Montréal-Laurier in 1962. In 1966, he was the President of the Union Nationale's electoral campaign and was the Chief of Staff to Premier Daniel Johnson and Deputy Minister of Executive Council from 1966 to 1968. In 1968, he was the General Director of the Union Nationale.
He was elected in a March 1969 by-election in the riding of Dorion and was appointed Minister of Immigration in Jean-Jacques Bertrand's cabinet, in which he served until 1970. From 1969 to 1970, he was the Minister of Finance. He was defeated in the 1970 election. He ran unsuccessfully in 1971 for the leadership of the Union Nationale, placing third, behind victor Gabriel Loubier and Marcel Masse. In 1971, he published a book, La victoire du Québec.
In 1984, he was Vice-President of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada's Quebec campaign and Chairman of the electoral campaign in 1988.
In 1990, he was appointed to the Senate representing the senatorial division of De la Durantaye, Quebec as a Progressive Conservative, he resigned in June 1994.
External links
1930 births
1998 deaths
Canadian senators from Quebec
Union Nationale (Quebec) MNAs
People from the United Counties of Prescott and Russell
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada senators |
4018166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale%20Carrico | Dale Carrico | Dale Carrico (born 1965) is an American critical theorist and rhetorician. He is a critic of futurology and geoengineering.
Carrico received his Ph.D. from the Department of Rhetoric at the University of California at Berkeley in 2005 and is an adjunct at the San Francisco Art Institute. Carrico was the Human Rights Fellow at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies from 2004 to 2008. He organized the 12th Annual Boundaries in Question Conference in March 2003, the 13th Annual Boundaries in Question Conference in March 2004, on the topic “New Feminist Perspectives on Biotechnology and Bioethics”, and was conference chair of the IEET conference on “Human Enhancement Technologies and Human Rights” held at Stanford Law School in May 2006.
Online publications
References
American bloggers |
4018181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20specification | Algebraic specification | Algebraic specification is a software engineering technique for formally specifying system behavior. It was a very active subject of computer science research around 1980.
Overview
Algebraic specification seeks to systematically develop more efficient programs by:
formally defining types of data, and mathematical operations on those data types
abstracting implementation details, such as the size of representations (in memory) and the efficiency of obtaining outcome of computations
formalizing the computations and operations on data types
allowing for automation by formally restricting operations to this limited set of behaviors and data types.
An algebraic specification achieves these goals by defining one or more data types, and specifying a collection of functions that operate on those data types. These functions can be divided into two classes:
constructor functions: functions that create or initialize the data elements, or construct complex elements from simpler ones
additional functions: functions that operate on the data types, and are defined in terms of the constructor functions.
Example
Consider a formal algebraic specification for the boolean data type.
One possible algebraic specification may provide two constructor functions for the data-element: a true constructor and a false constructor. Thus, a boolean data element could be declared, constructed, and initialized to a value. In this scenario, all other connective elements, such as XOR and AND, would be additional functions. Thus, a data element could be instantiated with either "true" or "false" value, and additional functions could be used to perform any operation on the data element.
Alternatively, the entire system of boolean data types could be specified using a different set of constructor functions: a false constructor and a not constructor. In that case, an additional function true could be defined to yield the value not false.
The algebraic specification therefore describes all possible states of the data element, and all possible transitions between states.
See also
Common Algebraic Specification Language
Formal specification
OBJ
Notes
Formal methods |
4018185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyinsky | Ilyinsky | Ilyinsky (masculine), Ilyinskaya (feminine), or Ilyinskoye (neuter) may refer to:
Ilyinsky (surname) (Ilyinskaya)
Places
Ilyinsky District, several districts in Russia
Ilyinsky Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Work Settlement of Ilyinsky in Ramensky District of Moscow Oblast is incorporated as
Ilyinskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the settlement of Ilyinskoye-Khovanskoye and nineteen rural localities in Ilyinsky District of Ivanovo Oblast are incorporated as
Ilyinsky (inhabited locality) (Ilyinskaya, Ilyinskoye), several inhabited localities in Russia
Ilyinsky (volcano), a volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula
See also
Ilya (disambiguation)
Ilyin
Ilyino
Ilyinka |
4018191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik%20Loyer | Erik Loyer | Erik Loyer is a digital artist whose work examines identity and memory in the context of new modes of communications afforded by media technologies.
History
Loyer began his work at The Voyager Company, and has done professional interface design work for a number of firms and startups. He graduated with a degree in Cinema and Television from the University of Southern California.
Projects
He won a 1998 New Media Invision Silver Award for his project The Lair of the Marrow Monkey, which is part of the permanent collection of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
In 1999, he won a Rockefeller Media Fellowship for his ongoing interactive narrative Chroma which has been showcased internationally, as well as on the web.
In 2009 Loyer turned his attention to his startup company, Opertoon, specializing in the creation of "stories you can play" on mobile devices such as the iPad. Loyer's first release through Opertoon was Ruben & Lullaby, an Indiecade Official Selection valued by MSNBC as a "game that plays more like an interactive graphic novel." USA Today described Loyer's second Opertoon release and top-charting Apple iTunes Store app, "Strange Rain", as "part poetry, part artwork, part game, part interactive music experiment and part relaxation tool."
See also
Vectors Journal of Culture and Technology in a Dynamic Vernacular
Notes
External links
The Lair of the Marrow Monkey
Biography
American digital artists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
4018192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Southern%20Railroad | Buffalo Southern Railroad | The Buffalo Southern Railroad is a class III railroad operating in western New York.
The BSOR is locally owned and operates in the Buffalo area. It should not be confused with the South Buffalo Railway which is a separate railroad.
The BSOR operates on 32 miles of track owned by Erie County, New York and leased from the Erie County Industrial Development Agency. The line runs south from Buffalo, New York to Gowanda, New York servicing the villages of Hamburg and North Collins along the way.
It interchanges with Norfolk Southern Railway, CSX Transportation, Canadian Pacific Railway, Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad and the New York and Lake Erie Railroad. The rail line intersects Norfolk Southern at a diamond in the village of Blasdell near Lake Avenue.
Operations
BSOR traffic includes animal feed, fertilizer, propane, lumber, scrap metal, cement, aggregates, brick, and paper. The annual tonnage hauled is 50,046 using 556 carloads per year. Trains operate on demand, typically several times per week.
The company offers services such as car switching, car unloading, and locomotive leasing and servicing. It operates the Buffalo Creek yard in Eden, New York and has locomotive maintenance facilities in Hamburg, New York.
BSOR locomotives are painted green with yellow trim.
External links
Buffalo Southern Railroad website
Railroads of New York listing
New York (state) railroads
Switching and terminal railroads
Spin-offs of Conrail
Companies operating former Erie Railroad lines |
4018198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamid%20Shirvani | Hamid Shirvani | Hamid Augustine Shirvani (born October 20, 1950) is an architecture scholar, university president and chancellor emeritus.
Early life and education
Shirvani was born in Tehran, Iran, and raised in London, England; he was educated in the United Kingdom and attended graduate schools in the United States. He holds a BA in Architecture from the Polytechnic of Central London, a M.Arch from Pratt Institute, a M.S. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, an M.L.A. from Harvard University and both an M.A. and Ph.D. from Princeton University.
He started his academic career as an assistant professor at Pennsylvania State University and as an Associate and Full professor at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry at Syracuse.
Career
Dr. Hamid Shirvani is currently partner with Higher Education Innovation Group, Washington DC. Professor Shirvani served as President of Briar Cliff University; Senior Fellow with the American Association of State Colleges and Universities; Chancellor of the North Dakota University System; President of California State University Stanislaus; Provost and Executive Vice President at Chapman University; Vice President for Graduate Studies and Research at Queens College, City University of New York; Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Massachusetts Lowell; and Dean of the College of Architecture and Planning at the University of Colorado Denver.
Shirvani has served on numerous public and private boards and Commissions, including: the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, the Midwestern Higher Education Compact, the National Association of System Heads, the NCAA Presidents Council Division II, the American Council on Education (ACE) Commission on International Initiatives, the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) Committee on Professional Development and Workforce Development (chairman), the Governing Board of the Stockton Site Authority, the Competition Inc., and many others.
California State University Stanislaus
In November 2009 the General Faculty of CSU Stanislaus voted for a measure of no confidence in Shirvani. The motivation for the vote according to the Academic Senate was "Shirvani’s abandonment of the shared governance process, the deteriorating working relationship between Shirvani and faculty, and Shirvani’s seeming lack of understanding of the mission of the CSU system."
In April 2010, California Attorney General Edmund G. Brown Jr. announced an investigation to accusations that the university officials including Shirvani violated public records laws when they refused to reveal the financial details of a contract with former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin to speak at a university fundraiser, and allegedly shredded documents related to the agreement.
The contract was reportedly found in a recycling bin along with other CSU documents. These were found by two unnamed CSUS students after a tip they received stating that there was documents being shredded at the CSU on a Furlough Day. In August 2010, the Attorney General concluded his investigation and found that there was no misappropriation of funds by the Foundation and no violation of law.
North Dakota University System
On February 5, 2013, the Fargo Forum reported that State Senator Tony Grindberg (R-Fargo) would offer an amendment to the higher education funding bill that would include language to buy out the remainder of Shirvani's contract. This was politically motivated according to the Bismarck Tribune and was countered by the former Lieutenant Governor Omdahl. However, the State Board of Higher Education expressed their “wholehearted and unequivocal support” for Chancellor Shirvani. The State Board stated that “he has earned and fully deserves our gratitude and continued support.” Representative Robert Skarphol (R) from Tioga, called the attempt “beyond ridiculous” and “ totally inappropriate”, “Shirvani is highly qualified and honorable man”, who “brings both the knowledge and the will to the table, and it terrifies some people within the institutions and the legislators that a real expert may finally be at the helm and the playground atmosphere at some of the campuses may be replaced with one of seriousness and accountability.”
On March 21, 2013, the State Board of Higher Education passed a Resolution in support of Dr. Shirvani expressing that the Board “endorses and gives its full support to the chancellor for his dedication and perseverance in endeavoring to improve the quality of public higher education in North Dakota.”
On February 5, 2013, the Fargo Forum reported that State Senator Tony Grindberg (R-Fargo) will offer and amendment to the higher education funding bill that will include language to buy out the remainder of Shirvani's contract. This was politically motivated according to the Bismarck Tribune and was countered by the former Lieutenant Governor Omdahl.
At the annual retreat of the North Dakota Board of Higher Education, the board went into executive session to discuss Shirvani's job performance and related proposals. On June 4, 2013, the board voted to accept a proposal which would buy out the two remaining years of his employment contract at a cost estimated to be over $800,000.
Student leaders in North Dakota have passed no confidence motions regarding Dr. Shirvani on February 23, 2013. However, the State Board of Higher Education expressed their “wholehearted and unequivocal support” for Chancellor Shirvani. The State Board stated that “he has earned and fully deserves our gratitude and continued support.” Representative Robert Skarphol (R) from Tioga, called the students’ vote “beyond ridiculous” and “ totally inappropriate”, “Shirvani is highly qualified and honorable man”, who “brings both the knowledge and the will to the table, and it terrifies some people within the institutions and the legislators that a real expert may finally be at the helm and the playground atmosphere at some of the campuses may be replaced with one of seriousness and accountability.” Furthermore, “minutes show students no confidence votes politically motivated” according to the minutes of North Dakota Student Association meeting. This is echoed by an editorial in the Great Plains Examiner.
On March 21, 2013, the State Board of Higher Education passed a Resolution in support of Dr. Shirvani expressing that the Board “endorses and gives its full support to the chancellor for his dedication and perseverance in endeavoring to improve the quality of public higher education in North Dakota.”
At the annual retreat of the ND Board of Higher Education, the board went into executive session to discuss Shirvani's job performance and related proposals. At the end of that session it was announced that the board bought out the remaining two years of the employment contract at a cost of over $800,000.
He was released from his contract on June 3, 2013.
Briar Cliff University
Shirvani resigned as president of Briar Cliff University after just over a year.
Awards and recognition
In 2007 and again in 2009, the statewide student government body of the 23-campus California State University system recognized Shirvani as “President of the Year.”
Publications
Shirvani has authored three books: Design Review Process, 1981; The Urban Design Process, 1985;
and Beyond Public Architecture, 1990.
Shirvani has also published several dozen papers in various referred and professional journals. In addition, he has authored numerous commentaries and editorials in the Times Higher Education, Inside Higher Education, Chronicle of Higher Education, and local newspapers.
References
External links
List of books by author Hamid Shirvani - Open Library
Will a Culture of Entitlement Bankrupt Higher Education?
Future of higher education in North Dakota
1950 births
Living people
Iranian emigrants to the United States
Knights of Malta
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
Heads of universities and colleges in the United States
Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Pratt Institute alumni
Princeton University alumni
Pennsylvania State University faculty
State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry faculty
University of North Dakota faculty
California State University, Stanislaus faculty
Chapman University faculty
Queens College, City University of New York faculty
University of Massachusetts Lowell faculty
University of Colorado Denver faculty
American architects |
4018214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REF | REF | REF or Ref may refer to:
People with the name
Ref, pseudonym of Belgian comics artist René Follet
Ref Sanchez (1917–1986), American actor and photographer
Arts, entertainment, and media
The Marriage Ref (U.S. TV series), 2010
The Ref, a 1994 film
Organizations
Rapid Equipping Force, or REF, a US Army unit
Renewable Energy Foundation, or REF, an independent energy think-tank in the UK
Réseau des Émetteurs Français, or REF, a French organization for amateur radio enthusiasts
Roma Education Fund, or REF
Other uses
Referee, or Ref, in sports
Research Excellence Framework, or REF, a UK higher education research impact evaluation
Row echelon form, or REF, a possible form of a matrix |
4018219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conland%E2%80%93Whitehead%20Highway | Conland–Whitehead Highway | The Whitehead Highway (also known as the Conland–Whitehead Highway, and frequently misspelled as Conlin–Whitehead Highway), is a short spur from Interstate 91 (I-91) in Hartford, Connecticut leading to the State Capitol at Pulaski Circle. Constructed above the Park River Conduit, the highway underwent rehabilitation from 2004–2005.
Route description
It is signed as "Exit 29A – Capitol Area" on I-91 and has the unsigned designation of State Road 598 (SR 598). There are two intermediate exits (at Columbus Boulevard and Prospect Street) from the highway before its western terminus at Pulaski Circle.
History
The highway opened in 1945 and was initially named for Henry F. Conland, publisher of the Hartford Courant and chair of a city bridge commission. That December, it was renamed after Ulmont I. "Monty" Whitehead, Jr., the first resident of Hartford to die in World War II. Whitehead, a 1933 graduate of Bulkeley High School in Hartford, graduated in 1940 from the U.S. Naval Academy, where he starred in football. On December 7, 1941, Whitehead was serving at Pearl Harbor on the battleship U.S.S. Arizona, which blew up and sank in the opening minutes of the Japanese attack, killing Whitehead and 1,176 other sailors. The name is frequently misspelled - even by the Connecticut Department of Transportation - as "Conlin Whitehead Highway".
Whitehead Highway was originally to be part of Interstate 484, an auxiliary route of I-84. The highway was to be upgraded via straightening and bridge improvements and brought through a short tunnel under the state capitol to connect to I-84 at exit 48. This would have reduced the traffic load at the intersection of I-91 and I-84 in downtown Hartford. Today, the role of redirecting traffic from I-91 to I-84 is handled by I-691, which serves as a southern bypass of Hartford. The extension, first proposed in 1968, was cancelled in 1983 due to local opposition. The route was never signed as I-484.
Junction list
See also
References
External links
kurumi.com - SR 598
Map of SR 598
State highways in Connecticut
Transportation in Hartford, Connecticut
Transportation in Hartford County, Connecticut
Interstate 84 (Pennsylvania–Massachusetts) |
4018234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetting-down | Wetting-down | Wetting-down is a raucous ceremony for newly promoted officers observed in the U.S. and Royal navies, and the U.S. Coast Guard. The U.S. Marines, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Corps, and U.S. Public Health Service officers also participate in this custom as homage to their naval heritage.
Procedure
The wetting-down celebration is always paid for and hosted by the newly promoted officer, who invites his or her friends, which usually include several officers of the same rank at which he or she has most recently served. It is customary for the officer to spend the difference between their pay at their old rank and their pay at the new rank on the bar tab for their guests.
Normally the party occurs at a bar or pub frequented by officers. Being located in a bar, there is typically a great deal of drinking of alcohol. There must always be at least one ceremonial toast. Friends present several rowdy speeches expressing their appreciation of the new officer's good comradeship and endearing faults. Often one of the speeches describes an embarrassing event in the new officer's career which occurred under the old rank, although this latter variety of speech is sometimes discouraged in order to avoid providing evidence pertinent to a disciplinary hearing.
Improvisations
A wetting-down party is informal and improvisations on the ceremony are the rule, not the exception.
The senior officer present may make the final speech, or if present, the commanding officer who made the promotion can make the final speech. Sometimes the final speech is presented by the new officer's father, especially if he has served in a navy. Although, for particularly exuberant wetting-down parties, parents and senior officers are not usually invited and the honor falls to one of the new officer's close friends.
History
The "wetting down" for such a party term comes from the historical practice of wetting new rank insignia to give it a more weathered appearance. In most navies, officers's rank insignia consists of gold braiding in the form of stripes on the cuff, epaulets, and (historically) arrangements of gold braid on buttonholes, collars, etc. Upon promotion, a newly added stripe or epaulet would stand out against the more weathered gold braiding already on the uniform. Newly promoted officers would literally soak the new gold braid (usually with either seawater or an alcoholic beverage) to make it appear older so that the promotion would not look as recent. Modern wetting down parties may or may not include some version of, or homage to, this ritual, such as pouring beer over the officer's head or forcing her or him to jump fully-uniformed into the ocean.
In popular culture
In an episode of the American TV series, Major Dad, 2nd Lt. "Gene" Holowachuk (Matt Mulhern) is promoted to 1st Lt. and is, therefore, obliged to throw his fellow officers a wetting-down ceremony. However, Holowachuk wants the ceremony to be alcohol-free since he does not drink liquor. The episode, titled, "Wetting-Down", originally aired on October 22, 1990.
This ceremony was also shown in Star Trek Generations when Lt Worf was promoted to Lt Cmdr and dropped into the holographic ocean in the holodeck.
In Nature of the Beast, the ninth season opener, originally aired on September 20, 2011, of TV series NCIS, Probationary Officer Ziva David (Cote de Pablo) receives her ID badges and shield which means she is officially a special agent of NCIS. David wants to go out and celebrate and Timothy McGee (Sean Harland Murray) says she means a wetting-down, but Ziva thinks he is referring to a wedding because of the language barrier. Gibbs (Mark Harmon) corrects her and explains it means she is paying.
See also
Rite of passage
References
Naval ceremonies
Rites of passage |
4018241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid%20Equipping%20Force | Rapid Equipping Force | The Rapid Equipping Force (REF) was a United States Army organization headquartered in Fort Belvoir, Virginia. The organization was charged with quickly providing Army units deployed globally with innovative government off-the-shelf and commercially available solutions that address urgent requirements within 180 days or less. The REF was able to do this through unique authorities and by maintaining a presence near the point of need. REF personnel were positioned in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Kuwait and mobile laboratories are available for quick solutions. Additionally, the REF empowered the Army at a grassroots level, enabling individual soldiers to communicate needs directly through simple request forms.
Along with leveraging existing technology to meet urgent needs of Army forces deployed globally, the REF also informed longer-term materiel development for the future force. In October 2020, the Army announced it would dissolve the Asymmetric Warfare Group and the Rapid Equipping Force, by year-end FY2021 (September 30, 2021).
Mission
The REF provides innovative materiel solutions to meet the urgent requirements of U.S. Army forces employed globally, informs materiel development for the future force, and on order expands to meet operational demands.
Functions
The REF lines of support fall into four distinct categories: assess, equip, insert, and inform. Its primary function is to equip units with technologies that fill identified capability gaps. The REF provides training on these technologies downrange and at home-stations. It can insert selected future force solutions for operational evaluation in addition to providing new capabilities not readily available in the existing Army inventory. Finally, the REF constantly identifies and assesses emerging technologies and Army practices concerning operational needs affecting force readiness.
Organization overview
The REF is structured to integrate three distinct functions to provide the Army with a responsive, rapid acquisition organization. First, the REF Director has the unique authority to validate requirements. Second, the REF has acquisition authority and provided by the United States Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology chartered Project Manager housed within REF’s chain of command. Finally, the REF receives funding from a variety of sources, allowing it the flexibility to support Soldiers deployed around the world.
These three pillars of authority allow REF to quickly insert solutions into theater in weeks rather than years. REF aims to deliver items into Soldiers’ hands within 90 days, and has even provided a solution in 72 hours after learning of an urgent need.
The REF can receive requests for support from any soldier, from a private to the Chief of Staff of the Army. These requests are submitted via a simple document called a "10-Liner" that prompts soldiers to describe the capability gaps they are facing downrange or as they prepare to deploy. From that information, the REF team begins the analysis and procurement process in order to best equip the requesting unit.
It is important to note that the REF equips specific units, not the entirety of the Army. If a solution is applicable to a larger portion of the Army, REF works with partner organizations to transition technologies to project managers who can then field the equipment to a larger portion of the Army.
History
The REF was created in 2002 after U.S. soldiers realized the need for non-standard equipment to meet the demands of new terrain, warfare tactics and their assigned missions. Since then, the REF has met challenges as diverse as enhancing soldier mobility, providing improved surveillance in austere locations, equipping operational energy sources and enhancing communications.
The 2004 REF Charter and Implementation Guidance and Coordination memo, signed by Lieutenant General Richard A. Cody, formalized REF’s "equip," "insert," "assess" functions. The excerpt below outlines how each line of support would shape REF’s mission.
"The REF will identify and evaluate emerging technologies, concepts, and surrogates to estimate/approximate threshold capabilities, while simultaneously providing operationally relevant capabilities to our combat forces within a time frame relevant to current operations… It is my intent to insert critical future technologies and capabilities into the current force while continuously shaping the future force and accelerating its evolution. Therefore, I direct expansion of the mission of the REF to encompass two additional critical functions:
First, the REF will analyze relevant technologies and capabilities that exist in the Army’s laboratory, developmental systems, other Services and Federal Agencies, and international sources, and when appropriate, bring these capabilities into an operational environment to examine and evaluate the concepts and their effectiveness. If suitable, the REF will assess the potential to accelerate fielding and the contribution such fielding would make to increased combat effectiveness.
Second, REF initiatives will serve as the testbed to construct a model for lasting change and improvement of Army business practices and to better streamline Army Acquisition processes. Establish a continuous feedback process to provide lessons learned and best practices identified through the rapid equipping process to the relevant staff and US Army Major Command (MACOMs). The Army Acquisition Executive (AAE), with the support of the REF, will use REF initiatives to develop a process to transfer REF initiatives to a fast-tracked fielding program of selected systems. The Assistant Secretary of the Army, Financial Management and Comptroller, in coordination with the Chief of Legislative Liaison and the REF, will develop a concept and Congressional strategy to support significant Army reprogramming actions and request modifications to laws as necessary to facilitate rapid acquisition when acceleration of future technologies contribute significant combat power to the force in the near term."
In January 2014, the REF was deemed critical by the Army and transitioned to the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command.
Discontinuation
On October 2, 2020, the Department of the Army announced the discontinuation of the REF as the U.S. Army transitions from counter-insurgency operations to a focus on multi-domain operations and large scale combat operations. TRADOC directed the orderly closure of REF facilities, transfer of equipment and property, and transition of military and civilian personnel (to support other army efforts). The REF will complete the transition no later than September 30, 2021.
Projects
The REF mitigates capability gaps across the spectrum of warfighter function areas and has supported many projects as listed below.
PackBot: Remote-Controlled, full sensor package capable tracked vehicle
Magnetometer: Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) ultra-sensitive metal detecting wand
Wellcam: Complete man-portable video system to search wells
Armor Kit: 4-door vehicle protection kit equipped to units during Operation Iraqi Freedom
PILAR: Acoustically based, fully passive system that determines sniper fire direction on LCD screen
Talon Robot: A man-portable robot used for the disposal of IEDs and other dangerous explosives
Boomerang Counter-Fire Detection: A gunfire locator that uses microphone sensors to detect where shots originate
Minotaur: A robotic loader with front mine rollers to support dismounted operations
Raven: A hand-launched, remote controlled unmanned aerial vehicle for surveillance
Tactical Aerostats: Smaller aerostats used as ISR and communications platforms
Pole Cam: Extendable pole-mounted camera with a handheld receiver for situational awareness
Rapid Deployment Integrated Surveillance System (RDISS): System to monitor movement near remote FOBs and COPs
Man-Portable Line Charge (MPLC): Backpack-packaged clearing charge to disrupt IED trigger mechanisms
The REF currently supports priority equipping efforts over a wide range of challenges including solutions for subterranean operations, electronic warfare, unmanned and counter-unmanned aerial systems, intelligence, and expeditionary force protection.
References
External links
Official REF Website
Official U.S. Army Website
Official TRADOC Website
"Army Rapid Equipping Force Taking Root, Chief Says," National Defense, October 2006
"Mobile Labs Build On-the-Spot Combat Solutions," Military News, 17 August 2012
“Army 'can't afford' not to have Rapid Equipping Force, leader says,” Army.mil, 18 October 2013
"Army Confirms Rapid Equipping Force as ‘Enduring’" Army News Service, 3 February 2014
"How to Run the Pentagon: Letters to the Editor Regarding ‘Running the Pentagon Right,’" Foreign Affairs, May/June 2014
"Battlefield tech demands: Rapid Equipping Force preps for surge with new Army brigades," Defense News, 27 February 2018
“Rapid Equipping Force to deliver new electronic warfare platforms,” C4ISRNET 9 August 2018
"Rapid Equipping Force in Afghanistan enables Soldiers' ideas into battlefield solutions," Army.mil, 15 November 2018
"Rapid Response: Unit Works to Quickly Fulfill Urgent Requests" AUSA Army Magazine, 20 August 2019
"Still in service: ‘Ex Lab’ is the US Army’s problem-solving MacGyver," Defense News, 14 October 2019
"Temperature checks begin at Commissary," Belvoir Eagle, 8 April2020
"Army REF deploys thermal imaging sensors," Army.mil, 1 May 2020
"Army REF Expands Thermal Imaging Sensors Deployment Effort," DVIDS, 21 May 2020
"FIGHTING COVID-19 -- Fort Rucker brings new asset to bear in protecting force, mission, surrounding communities," Army.mil, 5 June 2020
"Army to discontinue AWG, REF efforts next year," Army.mil, 2 October 2020
"Army to discontinue Asymmetric Warfare Group and Rapid Equipping Force," Army.mil, 2 October 2020
United States Army organization |
4018253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Elliott | William Elliott | William Elliott may refer to:
In the arts
William Elliott (lieutenant) (died 1792), lieutenant in the Royal Navy and marine painter
William Elliott (engraver) (1727–1766), English engraver
Wild Bill Elliott (1904–1965), American film actor sometimes credited as Bill Elliott; birth name Gordon Nance
William Elliott (actor, born 1934) (1934–1983), American stage and film actor
William Elliott (actor, born 1879) (1879–1932), American stage and film actor
Will Elliott (born 1979), Australian horror fiction writer
William A. Elliott, art director
In military
William Elliott (lieutenant) (died 1792), lieutenant in the Royal Navy and marine painter
William Henry Elliott (1792–1874), British general
Sir William Elliot (RAF officer) (1896–1971), senior RAF commander during WWII
William Elliott (RAF officer) (1898–1979), World War I flying ace
In politics and government
William Yandell Elliott (1896–1979), American historian and political advisor
William Elliott, Baron Elliott of Morpeth (1920–2011), British Conservative party politician, MP 1957–1983
William J. S. Elliott, Commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
William Elliott (American politician) (1838–1907), U.S. congressman from South Carolina
William Elliott (Peel MP) (1834–1912), member of the Canadian House of Commons representing Peel, 1878–1882
William Elliott (Pennsylvania politician), Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, 1872–1873
William Elliott (Saskatchewan politician) (1863–1934), member of the Northwest Territories legislature 1898–1905 and Saskatchewan assembly 1905–1912
William Elliott (Upper Canada politician) (1775–? or later), politician in Upper Canada
William Elliott (Ontario politician) (1872–1944), Progressive Party member of the Canadian House of Commons
William Herbert Elliott (1872–?), businessman and political figure in Ontario
In sports
William Elliott (writer) (1788–1863), South Carolinian sportsman and writer
William Elliott (rower) (1849–?), English professional sculling champion
William Elliott (cricketer) (1842–?), English cricketer
See also
William Elliot (disambiguation)
Billy Elliot (disambiguation)
William Eliot (disambiguation) |
4018271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.120 | T.120 | T.120 is a suite of point-to-multipoint communication protocols for teleconferencing, videoconferencing, and computer-supported collaboration. It provides for application sharing, online chat, file sharing, and other functions. The protocols are standardised by the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T).
T.120 has been implemented in various real-time collaboration programmes, including WebEx and NetMeeting. IBM Sametime switched from the T.120 protocols to HTTP(S) in version 8.5.
The prefix T designates the ITU subcommittee that developed the standard, but it is not an abbreviation. The ITU (re)assigns these prefixes to committees incrementally and in alphabetic order.
The T.123 standard specifies that T.120 protocols use network port 1503 when communicating over TCP/IP.
Components
See also
References
External links
ITU-T recommendations
ITU-T T Series Recommendations |
4018275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco%20Dav%C3%ADn | Franco Davín | Franco Davín (; born January 11, 1970) is a tennis coach and a former tennis player from Argentina.
Davín won his first ATP-tour match at 15 years, 1 month against Hans Gildemeister in Buenos Aires. He holds the Open Era record for being the youngest player to win a tour level main draw match. Davín won three singles tournaments on the ATP Tour, and reached a career-high singles ranking of World No. 30 in October 1990.
He coached fellow countryman Juan Martín del Potro until July 2015, and was the captain of the Argentine Davis Cup team. Under Davín's tutelage, Del Potro won the 2009 US Open, defeating Rafael Nadal in the semi-finals and Roger Federer in the final en route to the championship. Davín also coached Gastón Gaudio when he won the 2004 French Open and Grigor Dimitrov from 2015 to 2016. He is currently coaching Brandon Nakashima.
Tennis career
Juniors
Davín had an excellent junior career, reaching the US Open Boys' Singles final and winning the French Open Boys' Doubles (both in 1986).
Pro tour
Turning professional in 1987, Davín's best slam performance was reaching the quarterfinals of the 1991 French Open, where he defeated experienced clay-courter Martín Jaite as well as Christian Bergström, Marián Vajda and Arnaud Boetsch en route before losing to Michael Stich.
Coaching
In addition to working with Gaudio, del Potro, and Dimitrov, Davín has mentored Guillermo Coria, Fabio Fognini, Kyle Edmund From November 2020, he coached Cristian Garín. He is currently coaching Brandon Nakashima.
In June 2020, Davín tested positive for COVID-19.
Personal life
Davín resides in Key Biscayne with his wife Mariana, his daughter Juana, and his son Nacho.
Junior Grand Slam finals
Singles: 1 (1 runner-up)
Doubles: 1 (1 runner-up)
ATP career finals
Singles: 9 (3 titles, 6 runner-ups)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 6 (4–2)
Doubles: 1 (0–1)
Performance timeline
Singles
Notes
References
External links
1970 births
Argentine male tennis players
French Open junior champions
Living people
Sportspeople from Buenos Aires Province
Argentine tennis coaches
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' doubles |
4018288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Biggest%20Fan | The Biggest Fan | The Biggest Fan is a film featuring the band Dream Street (Chris Trousdale, Jesse McCartney, Matt Ballinger, Frankie J. Galasso and Greg Raposo). The main characters are Chris Trousdale (playing himself) and his "Biggest Fan" Debbie Worden (Kaila Amariah). It was made in 2002 just before the band split because of the problems between their parents and producers; however, the film's release was postponed pending the outcome of a lawsuit between some of the band members and the band's management. Chris Trousdale is prominently featured in the film, while the other Dream Street members have cameo roles in the beginning and the end of the film. Trousdale promoted the film at his concerts after filming was complete. The Biggest Fan was finally released on DVD on May 18, 2005 (USA/Canada) and in 2007 (Australia). The soundtrack was released by Edel.
Plot
Debbie's favorite band is Dream Street, and her favorite member is Chris Trousdale. When Chris gets a fever while travelling on the Dream Street tour, in a haze, he strays away and ends up in Debbie's bed, much to the shock of his "Biggest Fan", who thinks she's in heaven. Debbie proposes that Chris stay with her and he agrees. So, over the week they spend time together and she secretly hides him so he can escape the pressures of being a pop star for a little while. Chris even attends high school with Debbie, while disguised as a nerd. Meanwhile, the band's managers are going crazy at the loss of the star, thinking he has been kidnapped. At the end of the week Debbie and Chris (in disguise) go to her high school prom where two jealous popular girls figure out Chris's true identity and tell the police about Chris's whereabouts, splitting him and Debbie up.
They are eventually reunited on stage at a concert, ending in a sweet, final kiss and a performance by Dream Street.
Cast
Actors who appeared in the movie include:
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was released by Sony Music Entertainment through Columbia Records on December 23, 2002. Songs from this release and their eponymous album appear in the film. 3 out of the 11 tracks are from RubyBlue, Dream Street's labelmates from Edel Entertainment.
All songs are performed by Dream Street unless stated and noted.
Notes
signifies a remixer
"I Miss You" is sometimes labelled as a 'New Version' since it consist of new vocal even though this is the first time it is released.
RubyBlue is erroneously credited as "Ruby Blue"
References
External links
2002 films
2002 drama films
American teen films
American teen comedy-drama films
American teen drama films
American teen romance films
American high school films
American docudrama films
Films about music and musicians
2000s English-language films
2000s American films |
4018289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20L.%20Conger | Arthur L. Conger | Arthur Latham Conger Jr. (January 30, 1872 – February 22, 1951) was an officer in the United States Army and an author and editor. A veteran of the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War, Boxer Rebellion, Pancho Villa Expedition, and World War I, he attained the rank of colonel and devised the World War I deception known as the Belfort Ruse. A noted theosophist, he served as president of Theosophical Society Pasadena.
A native of Akron, Ohio, Conger attended Harvard College and the Episcopal Theological Seminary, then worked at the Theosophy Society's main office in New York City. He joined the Army during the Spanish–American War, and served in the Philippines. He continued to serve in the Philippines during the Philippine–American War, and was part of the American contingent that took part in responding to China's Boxer Rebellion. He served on the U.S.-Mexico border during the Pancho Villa Expedition.
During World War I, Conger served as assistant chief of staff for Intelligence (G-2) on the staff of the 2nd Division, and then as a member of the Intelligence directorate (G-2) on the staff of the American Expeditionary Forces headquarters. While on the AEF staff, Conger was the lead planner for a summer 1918 deception which became known as the Belfort Ruse. This effort to deceive German commanders into allocating forces away from Saint-Mihiel was intended to produce an Allied advantage during an upcoming offensive. At the ensuing Battle of Saint-Mihiel, the Allied numerical superiority produced by Conger's deception surprised the Germans and caused a rapid Allied victory. After this success, Conger was assigned to command the 56th Infantry Brigade, which he led until the end of the war.
After World War I, Conger commanded the 20th Infantry Regiment and served as U.S. military attaché in Berlin, Germany and Bern, Switzerland. He retired in 1928. After leaving the military, Conger renewed his interest in theosophy. In 1945 he elected president of Theosophical Society Pasadena, and he served until his death. He died in Pasadena, California on February 22, 1951.
Early life
Arthur L. Conger Jr., was born in Akron, Ohio, on January 30, 1872. He was the second of four children born to Arthur L. Conger Sr. and Emily (Bronson) Conger. The senior Conger was a Union Army veteran of the American Civil War, member of the Ohio National Guard, prominent businessman, and Republican Party leader. He was also a high-ranking Mason, and attained the Knight Templar degree of the York Rite and 32nd degree of the Scottish Rite. Emily Conger was prominent in the Daughters of the American Revolution, Order of the Eastern Star, and Women's Relief Corps. She was the author of An Ohio Woman in the Philippines, and in 1903 became qualified as a doctor of osteopathic medicine.
The younger Conger was nicknamed "Whit" because as a boy he was often found whittling with a pocket knife, and he was educated in the public schools of Akron. When Conger was 13, his older brother Kenyon sustained severe injuries in a bicycle accident. His doctor recommended foreign travel as part of his treatment, so Kenyon Conger, Arthur Conger and another companion spent a year visiting the British Isles, Continental Europe, the Mediterranean coast, and the Near East.
As a youth, Conger began the study of music. He became an accomplished piano and organ player, and frequently gave concerts, played at church services, and participated in entertainment programs. He continued to study music and music composition throughout his life, and maintained a lifelong interest in the piano and organ.
In 1890, Conger began attendance at Harvard College, where he was a member of the fencing team, chess club, whist club, Hasty Pudding Institute of 1770, and Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. Conger left college without graduating; he later completed his graduation requirements, and in 1908 Harvard awarded him an A.B. degree as a member of the class of 1894. While at Harvard, Conger was introduced to theosophy, and he became a member of the Theosophical Society on June 16, 1892.
Start of career
Prior to attending college, Conger had declined his father's request to join the senior Conger in the publishing business. After leaving college, Conger agreed to his parents' request that he attend the Episcopal Theological Seminary and consider becoming a member of the clergy. He attended for two years before informing his parents that his views had not changed, and he was committed to theosophy. After leaving the seminary, Conger moved to New York City to perform volunteer work at the Theosophy Society's general offices. He quickly made a favorable impression, and was soon working as leader Katherine Tingley's secretary. When the society founded the International Brotherhood League in 1897 to perform nonsectarian social work among convicts and the urban poor, Conger was elected the league's secretary.
In April 1898, Conger's family cut him off financially as a result of his continuing commitment to theosophy. To support himself, Conger enlisted in the United States Army. Joining Company "M", 12th New York Infantry, United States Volunteers as a corporal, Conger took part in the Spanish–American War and soon earned promotion to sergeant. Later that year, Conger's application for a regular army commission was approved and he was appointed a second lieutenant in the 18th Infantry Regiment. In 1899, he was promoted to first lieutenant in the 4th Infantry, and he was subsequently transferred back to the 18th Infantry. Conger took part in combat in Cuba and the Philippines during both the Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War, and received a brevet promotion to captain in 1900 to recognize his heroism during the Panay campaign. Conger was later accused in the November 1900 water cure torturing of two Filipino local officials. His superior officer, Edwin Forbes Glenn was convicted at court-martial, but Glenn's subordinates, including Conger, were not charged.
Military historian
From 1901 to 1903, Conger served in the Philippines as aide-de-camp to Major General Robert Patterson Hughes. In addition, he was part of the U.S. contingent that served in China during the American response to the Boxer Rebellion. In 1905, he was promoted to captain in the 29th Infantry and graduated from the Army's Infantry and Cavalry School. He was also a 1906 graduate of the United States Army Command and General Staff College.
After graduating from the staff college, Conger became a member of the faculty, and taught from 1907 to 1910 and 1913 to 1916. In the interregnum, Conger studied German military history at Berlin University and Heidelberg University, where Hans Delbrück taught Conger his critical examination method. He then served with the 29th Infantry at Fort Niagara, New York.
As an instructor, Conger required students to conduct independent research on military events including the American Civil War's 1862 Peninsular campaign. Using original sources from the Fort Leavenworth post library, students researched topics of interest, then prepared and presented papers. Conger's innovations added depth to the curriculum, and provided students with lessons learned that they could apply in similar situations in the future.
Conger was promoted to major in 1915 and later that year he conducted a seminar on military history at Harvard University. In 1916, he co-founded and became editor of a quarterly magazine, The Military Historian & Economist. During the Pancho Villa Expedition, Conger served on the U.S.-Mexico border as a member of the 26th Infantry Regiment.
World War I
At the start of World War I, Conger was promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel and assigned as assistant chief of staff for Intelligence (G-2) on the staff of the 2nd Division. Later assigned to the Intelligence directorate (G-2) on the staff of the American Expeditionary Forces headquarters, Conger was the chief planner of a military deception effort that became known as the Belfort Ruse. This deception, which attempted to convince German commander Erich Ludendorff that the American First Army would go on the offensive at Belfort rather than at Saint-Mihiel in the fall of 1918, was intended to cause Ludendorff to allocate forces away from First Army's attack. Uncertain of which area was the real location of the planned offensive, Ludendorff held forces in reserve, positioned to move to either Saint-Mihiel or Belfort. As a result, First Army had numerical superiority and the advantage of surprise when it commenced the Battle of Saint-Mihiel, which produced an American victory and the capture or flight of Ludendorff's reserves.
After promotion to temporary colonel, Conger commanded the 56th Infantry Brigade. He led this command from the Meuse–Argonne offensive until the end of the war.
Post-World War I
Following the war, Conger served on the Command and General Staff College faculty. He then attended the United States Army War College, from which he graduated in 1920. He was promoted to permanent lieutenant colonel on July 1, 1920, and permanent colonel on April 27, 1921. From 1921 to 1923, he commanded the 20th Infantry Regiment at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. In 1924, Conger was assigned as a U.S. military attaché, and he served in Berlin, Germany and Bern, Switzerland.
While serving in Berlin, Conger was permitted to attend a senior German military officers' course on the condition that he not reveal any details about the school or its curriculum. He retired from the military on October 31, 1928.
Later life
In the early 1920s, Conger began to rekindle his Theosophical Society activities. In 1932, he became president of the society's American Section. He resigned in 1933 because he was struggling with the effects of Parkinson's disease, but resumed the post in 1939. In 1945, he was elected head of the Theosophical Society. He served until his death, and his leadership tenure was notable for the move of the society's headquarters from Covina, California to nearby Pasadena. Conger died in Pasadena on February 22, 1951.
Family
On February 8, 1902, Conger married Margaret Loring Guild. Also active in the Theosophical Society, she was the compiler of the Combined Chronology, a work intended as a companion to The Mahatma Letters to A.P. Sinnett and The Letters of H. P. Blavatsky to A. P. Sinnett. Margaret Conger died in 1945, and in 1950 Conger married Martha Franklin (1878–1959).
Awards
Conger received the Silver Citation Star to recognize his heroism during the Philippine–American War, which was later converted to the Silver Star. His World War I service was recognized with award of the Army Distinguished Service Medal, French Legion of Honor (Officer) and Croix de Guerre, and British Order of St Michael and St George (Companion).
Published works
As author
The Function of Military History Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 1916.
President Lincoln As War Statesman. State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1916.
The Military Education of Grant As General. Menasha, 1921.
The Rise of U.S. Grant. The Century Co., 1931.
"The Military Education of Grant as General." Wisconsin Magazine of History (1921): 239–262. online
As editor
Judge, William Quan: Practical Occultism: From the Private Letters of William Q. Judge. Theosophical University Press, Pasadena 1951
Purucker, Gottfried de: The Dialogues of G. de Purucker: Report of Sessions. Theosophical University Press, Covina 1948
References
Further reading
Nenninger, Timothy K. The Leavenworth Schools and the Old Army: Education, Professionalism, and the Officer Corps of the United States Army, 1881–1918 (Greenwood, 1978).
Reardon, Carol. Soldiers and Scholars: The US Army and the Uses of Military History, 1865–1920 ( University Press of Kansas, 1990).
1872 births
1951 deaths
People from Akron, Ohio
People from Pasadena, California
Harvard College alumni
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
United States Army Command and General Staff College faculty
United States Army War College alumni
American Theosophists
United States military attachés
United States Army colonels
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
American military personnel of the Philippine–American War
American military personnel of the Boxer Rebellion
United States Army personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Silver Star
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George |
4018298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%2C%20Boveri%20%26%20Cie | Brown, Boveri & Cie | Brown, Boveri & Cie. (Brown, Boveri & Company; BBC) was a Swiss group of electrical engineering companies.
It was founded in Zürich, in 1891 by Charles Eugene Lancelot Brown and Walter Boveri who worked at the Maschinenfabrik Oerlikon. In 1970 BBC took over the Maschinenfabrik Oerlikon. In 1988 it merged with ASEA to form ABB.
Early History of BBC Brown Boveri
BBC Brown Boveri was established in 1891. The company was one of only a few multinational corporations to operate subsidiaries that were larger than the parent company. Because of the limitations of the Swiss domestic market, Brown Boveri established subsidiaries throughout Europe relatively early in its history, and at times had difficulty maintaining managerial control over some of its larger operating units. The merger with ASEA, a company which was praised for its strong management, was expected to help Brown Boveri reorganize and reassert control over its vast international network.
Activity in Britain
Brown Boveri's early activities included manufacturing electrical components such as electric motors for locomotives and power-generating equipment for Europe's railway systems. In 1919 the company entered into a licensing agreement with the British manufacturing firm Vickers which gave the British firm the right to manufacture and sell Brown Boveri products throughout the British Empire and in some parts of Europe. The agreement gave Brown Boveri a significant amount of money and the promise of substantial annual revenue, and also helped the company expand into foreign markets at a time when protectionist policies inhibited international expansion.
Activity in Continental Europe
In the early 1920s, Brown Boveri, already a geographically diversified company with successful operating subsidiaries in Italy, Germany, Norway, Austria, and the Balkans, suffered losses due to the devaluation of the French franc and the German mark. At the same time, in the Swiss domestic market, production costs increased while sales remained static, causing the company further losses. In 1924 Brown Boveri devalued its capital by 30 percent to cover the losses it had incurred. In 1927 the agreement with Vickers ran out and was not renewed. Besides the arrangement Brown Boveri had had with this British firm, it also had a somewhat similar relationship with Netherlands-based which lasted well into the early 1960s when the Heemaf led the creation of Holec (Holland Electric).
Growth
During the same time, Brown Boveri's various subsidiaries grew rapidly. Industrialization throughout Europe created strong demand for the company's heavy electrical equipment. Italy's burgeoning railroad industry provided a particularly strong boost to Brown Boveri's Italian subsidiary, and the company's German facility actually did considerably more business than the Swiss parent. For the next few decades Brown Boveri grew as fast as technological developments in electrical engineering. Each of the company's subsidiaries tended to develop individually, as if it were a domestic company in the country in which it operated, and broad geographic coverage helped insulate the parent from severe crises when a certain region experienced economic difficulties.
After World War II
After World War II, the Cold War presented a variety of business opportunities for defense-related electrical contractors, but Brown Boveri's subsidiaries were seen as foreign companies in many of the countries in which they operated, sometimes making it difficult for the company to win lucrative contracts involving sensitive technology and other government contracts. The company, nevertheless, excelled at power generation, including nuclear power generators, and prospered in this field. Electrification in the Third World also provided Brown Boveri with substantial profits.
Reorganization of Brown Boveri in 1970
In 1970 Brown Boveri began an extensive reorganization. The company's subsidiaries were divided into five groups: German, French, Swiss, "medium-sized" (seven manufacturing bases in Europe and Latin America), and Brown Boveri International (the remaining facilities). Each of these groups was further broken down into five product divisions: power generation, electronics, power distribution, traction equipment, and industrial equipment.
The United States
Throughout the 1970s, Brown Boveri struggled to expand into the US market. The company negotiated a joint venture with Rockwell, the American manufacturer of high-tech military and aerospace applications, but the deal collapsed when the two companies could not agree on financial terms. Brown Boveri had a handful of major U.S. customers as its clients, among them large utilities such as the Tennessee Valley Authority and American Electric Power's Nuclear Plant in southwest Michigan DC Cook Unit 2 steam turbine. Brown Boveri's American market share was low considering the company's international standing (North American sales accounted for only 3.5% of total sales in 1974 and 1975), and the company continued to seek entry into U.S. markets.
Great Britain
During the electrification of the British West Coast Main Line in the early 1970s, Brown Boveri traction insulators were used.
In 1974 Brown Boveri acquired the British controls and instrument manufacturer, George Kent Group. The deal at first raised concern in Britain over foreign ownership of such highly sensitive technology, but Brown Boveri prevailed with the encouragement of George Kent's rank-and-file employees, who feared the alternative of being bought by General Electric Company. The newly acquired company was renamed Brown Boveri Kent.
The Middle East and Africa
In the mid-1970s growing demand in the Middle East for large power-generating facilities distracted the company from its push into North America. Oil-rich African nations, like Nigeria, attempting to diversify their manufacturing capabilities also created new markets for Brown Boveri's heavy electrical engineering expertise.
The 1980s
In the early 1980s Brown Boveri's sales flattened out and the company's earnings declined. In 1983 Brown Boveri's German subsidiary in Mannheim, West Germany, which accounted for nearly half of the entire parent company's sales, rebounded. In spite of an increase in orders, the company's cost structure kept earnings down. In 1985 the subsidiary's performance improved as a result of cost-cutting measures but price decreases in the international market and unfavorable shifts in currency exchanges rates largely offset these gains. In 1986 the parent company acquired a significant block of shares in the Mannheim subsidiary, bringing its total stake to 75 percent.
Unification of research
In the later 1980s Brown Boveri took steps to reduce duplication of research and development among its various groups. While each subsidiary continued to do some product-development research for its individual market, theoretical research was unified under the parent company, making more efficient use of research funding.
Supercharger development
In 1987 the company introduced a supercharging system for diesel engines called Comprex. This system was capable of increasing an engine's horsepower by 35% and delivering up to 50% more torque at lower speeds. Japanese automaker Mazda planned to use the supercharger in its diesel passenger models.
Merger
In January 1988, Brown Boveri merged with ASEA to form Asea Brown Boveri.
Locomotives and railcars
Electric
SBB-CFF-FFS RABDe 12/12
SBB-CFF-FFS RBe 540
SBB-CFF-FFS RBDe 560
PRR O1
Gas turbine
SBB-CFF-FFS Am 4/6 1101
British Rail 18000
Trams
Tram 2000
Baltimore Light Rail LRV
Gallery
See also
Norsk Elektrisk & Brown Boveri
Société Anonyme des Ateliers de Sécheron
References
External links
Defunct manufacturing companies of Switzerland
Manufacturing companies established in 1891
Locomotive manufacturers of Switzerland
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1988
Swiss companies established in 1891
Swiss companies disestablished in 1988
Tram vehicles of Serbia |
4018311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Princesses%20of%20Bamarre | The Two Princesses of Bamarre | The Two Princesses of Bamarre is a 2001 novel by Gail Carson Levine, the author of Ella Enchanted and several other books. The story revolves around the lives of two sisters who are very close, but as different as night and day. When one of them falls victim to a deadly disease sweeping the kingdom, the other must find her inner strength and bravery to discover the cure, and save her elder sister.
Plot
Princess Adelina "Addie" is fearful and shy. Princess Meryl is bold and brave. They are sisters, and they mean the world to each other. Bamarre is plagued by a fatal disease called the Gray Death, which has three stages: Weakness, Sleep, and then Fever. While the weakness may last for hours to weeks, the sleep always lasts nine days, and the fever always lasts three. Bamarre also has specters, which lure travelers to their deaths unless exposed, sorcerers, ogres, dwarves, elves, gryphons, dragons, and fairies. Fairies, however, have not been seen since Drualt, Bamarre's greatest hero and subject of myths, went up to visit them after the tragic death of his sweetheart Freya.
The two princesses strike up a friendship with Rhys, the apprentice sorcerer helping their father. Soon after, Princess Meryl is suddenly struck ill with the Gray Death. Princess Addie has trouble coming to terms with the fact that Princess Meryl is going to die, while her elder sister tries in vain to prove her theory that the Gray Death might be cured if the person who is ill refuses to be sick, running when weak, staying awake when tired, etc. Since a prophecy from a long ago specter states that
The Gray Death will be cured
When cowards find courage
And rain falls over all Bamarre
When King Lionel returns just as cowardly as before, Princess Addie sets out to find the cure herself. Using a pair of seven-league boots and a magical spyglass from her deceased mother Queen Daria, a copy of Drualt, a camouflage cloak, a magic tablecloth from Rhys, some of Milton's herbs and Princess Meryl's sword Blood-Biter, Princess Addie successfully travels to the Mulee forest to find a specter, only to be tricked by one that took on the form of Rhys. The real Rhys makes her realize the truth, and she learns from the specter that a dragon would be her best bet for finding the cure. Rhys has to leave for the Sorcerers' Citadel, but not before Addie realizes that there's more behind their friendship.
After accidentally overcoming a pack of gryphons with her tablecloth, Princess Addie is found by the dragon Vollys and taken to her lair. Although dragons are solitary creatures, they are also lonely, so Princess Addie is forced to entertain Vollys to avoid a fiery demise in Vollys' stomach. She does this through her embroidery, which is her sole bold attribute. Although Princess Addie is terrified of the dragon, she learns that Vollys is always sad when she eats her "guests" after they have angered her one time too many. Princess Addie also learns the dragon version of Drualt's story, which portrays the hero as a villain who mercilessly kills noble dragons, including Vollys' mother. Vollys also tells Addie that the Gray Death came from her mother's corpse, a revenge for her death. Because she does not think Addie can escape, Vollys also tells Addie that the Gray Death can be cured by the water of a waterfall that flows from Mount Ziriat, the fairies' invisible mountain. She even tells Addie where the mountain is. Meanwhile, Addie learns through her spyglass that Meryl has entered the sleeping stage of the Gray Death, and later fever stage of the Gray Death.
Addie manages to escape Vollys with her boots, and returns to the castle. After reuniting with Rhys, Meryl tells Addie that she has until the next dawn to live. Addie tells them about the cure, and she and Rhys uses the seven-league boots to carry Meryl to the mountain. They end up outside the same village that refused to help Drualt's sweetheart due to their cowardice. Upon questioning, the isolated villagers say that although they have heard of the Gray Death, no one in the village has ever had it. The three also learn that all the villagers drink from a waterfall that comes from a mountain so tall and shrouded in mist that no one has ever seen it. Realizing that they are talking about Mount Ziriat, and the villagers are never sick because they drink the water, Rhys and the Princesses manage to find a few villagers courageous enough and willing to show them the waterfall, which is a few hours away, despite the dark night and the threat of ogres and gryphons. While they walk, Rhys confesses his love to Addie, and she does the same. Just as they reach the waterfall, though, the party is attacked by ogres, gryphons and an enraged Vollys. The sky begins to lighten, and Addie tells Meryl, who is having the time of her life in battle, to run to the water and drink. While she is running, though, Addie is caught by an ogre unexpectedly and screams in pain. Meryl runs back to rescue her when the first rays of sunlight come, just as rain begins to fall. Addie is knocked unconscious, Meryl falls to the ground, and wholes of light fly down.
When Addie wakes up, she learns from Meryl, who seems different somehow, that they were rescued by fairies and taken to the top of Mount Ziriat. The rain had fallen everywhere, curing all with the Gray Death except those who were too close to death to save. When Addie gained the courage to save her sister, and when the cowardly villagers redeemed themselves by helping Meryl and Addie, the fairies made water from their enchanted waterfall rain over all Bamarre. Meryl also tells Addie that she, too, was one of those on the brink of death when the rain came, so the fairies could not truly save her. However, they offered to transform her into a fairy and join them in an endless battle against fearsome, monstrous creatures, the outcome of which affects the world below. Meryl accepted the offer, and is now a fairy, unable to return with Addie. Addie also learns from Meryl that she is now with Drualt, who was also transformed after leaving Bamarre, and that he had been the presence Addie felt in her darkest hours, cheering her up and giving her the strength to go on. Rhys and Addie marry and live happily ever after, with Meryl as Fairy Godmother to their children and grandchildren, the first after hundreds of years. The book concludes with a Drault-like tale, recounting the adventures of the two Princesses of Bamarre.
Themes
Two of the book's major themes are courage in the face of fear and unconditional love between sisters. The weak Princess Addie, who fears leaving her comforts and facing difficulties, hides in the shadow of her brave and venturesome sister, Princess Meryl. When Meryl becomes sick with the Gray Death, Princess Addie emerges from her cocoon, her love for her sister overpowering her fear, and discovers a new strength and bravery. Worried for her sister, she uses her magic spyglass to observe Meryl, and her overpowering love pushes her forward.
References
2001 American novels
American young adult novels
American fantasy novels
HarperCollins books |
4018325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB%20Class%20111 | DB Class 111 | The Baureihe 111 is a class of electric locomotives built for the Deutsche Bundesbahn, and now owned by Deutsche Bahn AG.
History
Class 111 is the successor of the Class 110 express Einheitslokomotive. Since demand for fast electric locomotives was high even after production of the 110 ended, the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) decided to commission a new batch in the 1970s.
The bogies were replaced with a different type, significantly improving the locomotive's behaviour at higher speeds. The driver's cab also was significantly improved by the DB-Einheitsführerstand (jointly developed by the Bundesbahn-Zentralamt München and Krauss-Maffei and designed under ergonomic aspects) that was first used for Class 111 locos and whose basic layout nowadays still forms part of the cab design found in many of DB's locomotives and control cars. For the first time, a digital cab car interface in addition to the then-standard conventional interface was used in new DB locomotives.
The first locomotive, 111 001, left the Krauss-Maffei workshop in December 1974. Up to 1984, 226 more engines were produced, not only at Krauss-Maffei but also including parts from Henschel, Krupp, Siemens, AEG and BBC.
111 227 originally was supposed to be the last newly built conventional AC locomotive of the DB, as the Baureihe 120, using three-phase AC motors, was already being produced. However, after the German reunification it was decided to commission another batch of the Class 112, which had been developed by the East German railways. This decision was made mainly for political purposes.
In 1979 it was decided to use the Class 111 for the S-Bahn trains of the Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn. Hence, the engines 111 111 to 111 188 were delivered in S-Bahn colours and equipped with S-Bahn gear (destination displays, e.g.). In the same year, the Intercity was reformed under the InterCity '79 scheme and the network was enlarged. As it was foreseeable that the Class 103 engines would be stressed with that workload, the 111's licence was extended to a speed of , and from May 1980 onwards, the units could be found doing InterCity services.
Accidents
111 109 was involved in an accident in the station of Wels, Austria, crashing with the ÖBB 1042 560. The driver suffered only slight bruises, however 111 109 was dismantled on-site on August 29, 1981 and not rebuilt later.
On November 24, 2006, 111 004 crashed into a truck which unlawfully turned back on a railway crossing and was scrapped in May 2008 after reconstruction was rejected due to economical reasons. Nine people were injured in this incident.
On June 3, 2022, 111 035-2 was involved in the Garmisch-Partenkirchen train derailment. Five people were killed and 44 injured in this incident.
Trivia
The locomotive 111 111 carries the checksum 1. This is widely believed to be for cosmetic purposes (leading to a smooth looking 111 111-1 inscription) only, however the checksum is correct.
111 030 was the first of the series featuring an advertising livery, advertising the musical Tanz der Vampire (Dance of the Vampires) in 2002.
111 009-7 in a cream and blue livery was used for a 1:87 scale model by Roco.
A drawing of a Class 111 locomotive appeared on the cover of the Thomas Cook Continental Timetable for 12 years, starting in 1976 and continuing through 1987.
References
Bibliography
External links
European Railway Server
Electric locomotives of Germany
15 kV AC locomotives
111
Brown, Boveri & Cie locomotives
Siemens locomotives
Krauss-Maffei locomotives
Henschel locomotives
Krupp locomotives
AEG locomotives
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1974
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Passenger locomotives |
4018358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Nicholls%20%28actor%29 | Paul Nicholls (actor) | Gerard Paul Greenhalgh (born 12 April 1979), known professionally as Paul Nicholls, is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Joe Wicks in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, DS Sam Casey in the ITV drama Law & Order: UK, and Steve Bell in the Channel 4 drama Ackley Bridge.
Career
Nicholls made his television debut in 1990 at the age of 10, in Children's Ward. In 1994, he appeared in the BBC children's drama Earthfasts and The Biz, a teenage performing arts drama filmed at Hampton Court. In 1996, he appeared in an episode of Out of the Blue. Later that year, Nicholls began portraying the role of Joe Wicks in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, a role which he played until 1997.
Nicholls appeared in several teenage stage roles, notably as Aladdin in Aladdin - Genie of the Ring at the Central Theatre in Chatham (1996–1997), and he made his London stage debut as Billy Fisher in the 1998 production of Billy Liar, at the King's Head Theatre in Islington.
Nicholls' 2008 career began as the character Robert Fielding in Harley Street alongside Suranne Jones. He also played Harry Keegan in Secret Diary of a Call Girl, Judas in another BBC series entitled The Passion, and appeared in A Thing Called Love. He then appeared in the 2012 feature film Life Just Is.
Nicholls also appeared as Simon Marshall in the BBC hospital drama serial Holby City between May and July 2012, and played Cal Beckett in Channel 4's crime thriller, The Fear. He played the role of DS Sam Casey in ITV's Law & Order: UK until the end of series 7 in 2013.
From 2017 to 2018, Nicholls portrayed the role of Steve Bell in the Channel 4 drama Ackley Bridge. From September to October 2018, Nicholls starred alongside Iwan Rheon in Foxfinder at the Ambassadors Theatre. In January 2019, Nicholls took over the role of Raymond from Mathew Horne in the British touring production of Rain Man.
Personal life
Nicholls lives in Hampstead, London.
Nicholls married Chantal Brown in 2008. They divorced in 2015.
In July 2017, Nicholls was badly injured while on holiday in Thailand after falling from a waterfall in Ko Samui. As his mobile phone was broken, he was left stranded at the bottom of the waterfall for three days, and only rescued by volunteer rescuers, police and medics after locals alerted police to the motorcycle he had travelled on, which lay abandoned nearby. He was later taken to hospital, suffering from broken legs and a shattered knee. Nicholls' agent said he was "recovering well".
In May 2021, Nicholls revealed that he suffered a stroke in 2018. The stroke caused him to experience deep depression, which led to him becoming addicted to dihydrocodeine and cocaine throughout 2020. He confirmed that he was attending Narcotics Anonymous meetings and was glad to be in recovery, stating that if he were to relapse again, he "would die".
Filmography
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Actors from Bolton
English male child actors
English male soap opera actors
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English male musical theatre actors
Male actors from Greater Manchester
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors |
4018377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Czar%27s%20Madman | The Czar's Madman | The Czar's Madman () is a 1978 novel by Estonian writer Jaan Kross.
Plot introduction
This historical novel is about a Livonian nobleman, , who has married a peasant girl named Eeva to prove everyone that good men are equal before nature, God and ideals. Eeva's brother Jakob analyses von Bock's life throughout his journal and tries to figure out if the nobleman is truly mad as everyone seems to believe. The Czar's Madman is arguably one of the best-known Estonian novels in the world.
Title
The "Czar's Madman" is a reference to the main character who has been imprisoned for being so bold as to talk frankly to the Czar. This is enough to bring accusations of 'insanity'.
Plot summary
The story is written in diary form, describing the impact of revolutionary thinking on the part of a family member.
Aristocrat Timotheus von Bock (the diarist's brother in law) writes a letter to the Czar criticising the way in which the Czar's family runs the country. He justifies this act by an oath made to the Czar to give an honest appraisal of the situation.
Von Bock is imprisoned as a traitor (although the reason for his imprisonment is kept secret, as is the letter) for 9 years before being released into house arrest on the basis that he is 'mad'.
Characters
Timotheus "Timo" von Bock – main character and colonel
Eeva von Bock – wife of Timo
Jakob Mättik – brother of Eeva (the narrator of the story)
Awards and nominations
Winner of the 1989 Le prix du Meilleur livre étranger.
Release details
1978, Estonia, Tallinn: Eesti Raamat (ISBN NA), Pub date ? ? 1978, (original Estonian)
1992, UK, The Harvill Press (), Pub date 2 November 1992, Hardback (Translated by George Kurman)
1993, UK, The Harvill Press (), Pub date 2 August 1993, Hardback (Translated by George Kurman)
1993, UK, Pantheon Books (), Pub date ? January 1993, Hardback (Translated by Anselm Hollo)
1993, PT, Lisboa: Dom Quixote (), Paperback (Translated by Maria Antónia de Vasconcelos)
1994, US, W W Norton (), Pub date ? ? 1994, paperback (Translated by Anselm Hollo)
2001, UK, The Harvill Press (), Pub date 27 July 2001, Paperback (Translated by Anselm Hollo)
References
Estonian novels
Historical novels
1978 novels |
4018378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ville%2C%20St.%20Louis | The Ville, St. Louis | The Ville is a historic African-American neighborhood located in North St. Louis, Missouri. It has had a long history of African-American businesses and residents.
This neighborhood is bounded by St. Louis Avenue on the north, Martin Luther King Drive on the south, Sarah on the east and Taylor on the west.
Prior to the United States Civil Rights Movement, the use of restrictive covenants and other legal restrictions prevented African Americans from finding housing in many areas of the city. As a result, the African-American population of St. Louis was concentrated in and around the Ville. The neighborhood was the site of a number of important cultural institutions for the Black community, including Sumner High School, the first high school for Black students west of the Mississippi River; and Homer G. Phillips Hospital, established in 1937 as one of the few Black teaching hospitals in the United States and the only one in the city to serve Black people.
As of the 2010 Census, there are 1,868 people living in The Ville and 6,189 people in the surrounding Greater Ville neighborhood.
Education
Cote Brilliante Elementary School (closed)
De La Salle Middle School at St. Matthew's
Annie Malone's Emerson Therapeutic Academy (located in De La Salle Middle)
Marshall School
Simmons Elementary School
Sumner High School
Turner Middle School
Williams Middle Community Education Center
Notable natives
Arthur Ashe
Josephine Baker
Chuck Berry
Grace Bumbry
John Collins-Muhammad
Julia Davis
Herman Dreer
Dick Gregory
Sonny Liston
Vincent Price
Maxine Waters
Demographics
In 2020 The Ville's racial makeup was 95.9% Black, 1.7% White, 0.3% American Indian, 1.8% Two or More Races, and 0.4% Some Other Race. 0.3% of the people were of Hispanic or Latino origin.
See also
Peabody–Darst–Webbe, St. Louis neighborhood of another city hospital
References
Neighborhoods in St. Louis
History of racial segregation in the United States |
4018381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duo%20%281996%20film%29 | Duo (1996 film) | Duo: The True Story of a Gifted Child with Down Syndrome is a 1996 independent film produced and directed by Alexandre Ginnsz, starring his 12-year-old brother Stephane Ginnsz. It is notable for featuring one of the first lead actors with Down syndrome in film history.
Awards
Following the DVD release in 2005:
Featured Guest at the National Down Syndrome Congress Convention (2005)
Featured Guest at the New York Sprouts International Film Festival (2005)
References
External links
The official Duo film site
Star of Duo Stephane Ginnsz' Official Site
A. G. Productions
Duo DVD on Amazon
1996 films
Down syndrome in film
American independent films
1990s American films |
4018409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sult | Sult | Sult, SULT, or SULTs may refer to:
Sult (novel) or Hunger, an 1890 novel by Knut Hamsun
Sult (film) or Hunger, a 1966 adaptation of Hamsun's novel, directed by Henning Carlsen
Sult, Albania, a village in the Gramsh municipality, Elbasan County, central Albania
Sulfotransferase, enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group
See also
Salt (disambiguation)
Jean-de-Dieu Soult (1769-1851), French general and statesman |
4018413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Elliot%20%28RAF%20officer%29 | William Elliot (RAF officer) | Air Chief Marshal Sir William Elliot, (3 June 1896 – 27 June 1971) was a senior Royal Air Force commander.
RAF career
Educated at Tonbridge School in the United Kingdom, Elliot joined the Army Service Corps in 1915 and then transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in 1917.
On 30 July 1919 Elliot, then a captain, crashed behind enemy lines while fighting the Bolshevik forces during the North Russia Intervention. Another plane crewed by Lt John Mitchell and Captain Walter Anderson landed and picked up Elliot and flew him and his observer back to the base. He was appointed Officer Commanding No. 501 Squadron in 1932 before becoming Assistant Secretary to Committee of Imperial Defence in 1937 and being made Assistant Secretary of the War Cabinet Secretariat in 1939. He served in the Second World War as Officer Commanding RAF Middle Wallop and as a member of the Air Staff responsible for Night Defences at Headquarters RAF Fighter Command in 1941 and then as Director of Plans at the Air Ministry in 1942. He continued has war service as Air Officer Commanding RAF Gibraltar and then as Air Officer Commanding the RAF's Balkan Air Force during 1944 until he was made Assistant Chief Executive at the Ministry of Aircraft Production in March 1945.
After the War he served as Assistant Chief of the Air Staff (Policy) and then became Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at RAF Fighter Command in 1947. He was knighted on 1 January 1946. He went on to be Chief Staff Officer to the Minister of Defence in 1949 and Chairman of the British Joint Services Mission to Washington, D.C. and UK Representative on the NATO Standing Group in 1951 before he retired in 1954.
Family
In 1931 he married Rosemary Chancellor, daughter of Sir John Chancellor. Sir William and Lady Elliot had a daughter, Louise, and a son, Simon. In 1970, Louise married Stephen Simmons Halsey, an American corporate executive with American Express; over the course of their lives they have resided in New York City, Paris, Hong Kong, Hawaii, and Oregon. In 1972, Simon married Annabel, the daughter of Bruce Shand and sister of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall.
References
- Total pages: 224
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|-
1896 births
1971 deaths
People educated at Tonbridge School
Royal Air Force air marshals of World War II
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class
Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Phoenix (Greece)
British air attachés
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Army Service Corps officers
Royal Flying Corps officers
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
Royal Air Force personnel of the Russian Civil War |
4018416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene%20Vanbrugh | Irene Vanbrugh | Dame Irene Vanbrugh DBE (2 December 1872 – 30 November 1949) was an English actress. The daughter of a clergyman, Vanbrugh followed her elder sister Violet into the theatrical profession and sustained a career for more than 50 years.
In her early days as a leading lady she was particularly associated with the plays of Arthur Wing Pinero and later had parts written for her by J. M. Barrie, Bernard Shaw, Somerset Maugham, A. A. Milne and Noël Coward. More famous for comic rather than dramatic roles, Vanbrugh nevertheless played a number of the latter in both modern works and the classics. Her stage debut was in Shakespeare, but she seldom acted in his works later in her career; exceptions were her Queen Gertrude in Hamlet in 1931 and her Meg Page in The Merry Wives of Windsor, opposite her sister Violet as Alice Ford, in 1937.
Vanbrugh appeared frequently in fundraising shows for various charities. She was active over many years in the support of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, of which her brother was principal. After her death the Academy's new theatre was named The Vanbrugh Theatre in honour of her and her sister.
Biography
Early years
Vanbrugh was born Irene Barnes in Exeter, the youngest daughter and fifth child of six of the Rev. Reginald Henry Barnes (1831–1889), Prebendary of Exeter Cathedral and Vicar of Heavitree, and his wife, Frances Mary Emily, née Nation. Irene's eldest sister Violet and younger brother Kenneth were also to make theatrical careers. Another sister Edith married, as his second wife, Hugh Shakespear Barnes, an official in the colonial service and became a pillar of the British Raj, and Angela was a professional violinist. Irene was educated at Exeter High School and at schools in Paris. When the Barnes family moved to London, she attended a school near Earls Court recommended by the actress Ellen Terry, a family friend.
It was also at Terry's suggestion that Violet, on starting a theatrical career, had adopted the stage name Vanbrugh. Irene did the same. Violet's early success encouraged Irene to follow her into the theatrical profession. Sir John Gielgud described the two:The Vanbrugh sisters were remarkably alike in appearance. Tall and imposing, beautifully spoken, they moved with grace ... They were elegantly but never ostentatiously dressed, entering and leaving the stage with unerring authority ... Violet never struck me as a natural comedienne, as Irene was.
As her elder sister had done, Irene enrolled at Sarah Thorne's school of acting, based at Margate, which gave her a thorough practical grounding. She recalled, "We played every kind of play there; comedy, farce, and drama of the deepest dye; while at Christmas there came the pantomime, so that the Juliet of a week ago might be the Prince Paragon of the Yule-tide extravaganza." As a student at the school, her first appearance on stage was in August 1888, as the capricious shepherdess Phoebe in As You Like It at the Theatre Royal, Margate, opposite the Rosalind of her sister Violet.
Early roles
Lewis Carroll, a college friend of Vanbrugh's father, saw her performing in Margate and was impressed. On his recommendation she made her London début in December 1888, playing the White Queen and the Knave of Hearts in a revival of Alice in Wonderland at the old Globe Theatre. Her sister Edith joined her in this production. Violet's early theatrical engagements had been with J. L. Toole, and Irene emulated her and joined his company. For Toole, she played in established comedy successes including Dion Boucicault's Dot and H. J. Byron's Uncle Dick's Darling.
When Toole toured Australia in 1890, Vanbrugh was a member of his company, acting in every play in its repertoire. She later commented, "I think this was even better training than Miss Thorne's school; not only was I constantly playing a new part, but I was constantly playing to a different type of audience. We visited all sorts of Australian cities, large and small, and one was pretty certain before long to find out the weak points in one's method." On her return, she remained with Toole's company, and played her first original roles as Thea Tesman in James Barrie's, burlesque Ibsen's Ghost (1891), and as Bell Golightly in Barrie's Walker, London (1892).
In 1893, Vanbrugh joined Herbert Beerbohm Tree at the Haymarket Theatre as Lettice in The Tempter (1893) by Henry Arthur Jones. The play was not popular and was soon taken off, but she had more success in Jones's next play, The Masqueraders, and in 1894 she was engaged by George Alexander at the St James's Theatre where she played a number of secondary parts, and in 1895 created the role of Gwendolen Fairfax in The Importance of Being Earnest.
When Arthur Bourchier, who had married Violet Vanbrugh, launched himself as an actor-manager, Vanbrugh joined them at the Royalty Theatre, winning good notices in The Chili Widow and in the title role of the comedy Kitty Clive. She went with the Bourchier company to America, and on her return in 1898 she created Rose in Trelawny of the Wells by Arthur Pinero, and, during the same season, Stella in Robert Marshall's His Excellency the Governor. After a short break she then played the role that made her name, Sophy Fullgarney in Pinero's The Gay Lord Quex (1899). This part, a little Cockney manicurist, was quite different from any she had played before, but Pinero was insistent that she should play it. In the words of the biographer S. R. Littlewood, "Vanbrugh's intelligence, sympathy, and alertness avoided extravagance in a subtle expression of class-contrast. This gave the character an intensity of appeal that was at the time something quite new." The play was regarded as risqué, and one critic commented that had Lewis Carroll still been alive, he would have approved of "Miss Vanbrugh's greatest triumph," but probably not of the play.
Early 20th century
In 1901 Vanbrugh married the actor Dion Boucicault Jr., son of his more famous namesake. They frequently appeared together for the rest of his life, and he became her manager in 1915. There were no children of the marriage. Between the turn of the century and World War I she had leading roles in new plays by J. M. Barrie (The Admirable Crichton, 1902; and Rosalind, 1912), Pinero (Letty, 1903; His House in Order, 1906; and Mid-Channel, 1909), and Maugham (Grace, 1910; and The Land of Promise, 1914). She also starred in new plays by Charles Haddon Chambers (Passers-By, 1911), and A. E. W. Mason (Open Windows, 1913). In 1913 she played Lady Gay Spanker in a revival of Boucicault senior's London Assurance in an all-star cast including Tree, Charles Hawtrey, Bourchier, Weedon Grossmith and Marie Tempest. This was one of the many charity fund-raising productions in which Vanbrugh appeared throughout her career.
During World War I, Vanbrugh took a succession of leading roles in the West End, beginning with The Spirit of Culture in Barrie's war play Der Tag (1914). Following this, she played Lady Falkland in The Right to Kill (1915); the title role in Caroline (1916); Mrs Lytton in The Riddle (1916); Emily Ladew in Her Husband's Wife (1916); Leonora in Barrie's Seven Women (1917); and the title role in A. A. Milne's Belinda (1918). In 1916, she appeared in her first film, The Real Thing at Last (1916); the following year she made a silent film version of The Gay Lord Quex, as Sophy Fullgarney.
Inter-war years
From its early days, Vanbrugh was closely connected with the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA). Her younger brother, Kenneth Barnes, had been its principal since 1909. In 1919, to raise funds for the Academy's theatre, then under construction, she had the play Masks and Faces filmed with a star cast, including not only leading actors but the playwrights Shaw, Pinero and Barrie in cameo appearances.
Vanbrugh's first big stage success of the post-war years was in Milne's Mr Pim Passes By in 1920. She and her husband opened it in Manchester, and such was its reception that they brought it into the West End. From 1927 to 1929, she toured Australia and New Zealand, playing a variety of parts. Her other appearances in the inter-war years included Gertrude to Henry Ainley's Hamlet in 1931, Millicent Jordan in Dinner at Eight (1933), the Duchess of Marlborough in Viceroy Sarah, (1935) and Mistress Page in The Merry Wives of Windsor with her sister Violet as Mistress Ford (1937). In 1939, she created the role of Catherine of Braganza in Shaw's In Good King Charles's Golden Days.
Vanbrugh appeared in ten talkies from 1933 to 1945: Head of the Family; Catherine the Great; Girls Will Be Boys; The Way of Youth; Youthful Folly; Escape Me Never; Wings of the Morning; Knight Without Armour; It Happened One Sunday; and I Live in Grosvenor Square.
In 1938, during the run of Noël Coward's Operette, in which she played Lady Messiter, Vanbrugh celebrated her golden jubilee as an actress. It was celebrated at a gala charity matinée attended by the Queen at His Majesty's Theatre; Violet Vanbrugh, Coward, Edith Evans, Gladys Cooper, Seymour Hicks and many other leading performers took part.
Later years
During the Battle of Britain, the Vanbrugh sisters carried out what Littlewood calls "a characteristic piece of war work" by giving, with Donald Wolfit, lunchtime performances of extracts from The Merry Wives of Windsor at the Strand Theatre. Throughout the war, Vanbrugh appeared in the West End and on tour in new plays, revivals of her earlier successes, and classics. Almost 50 years after her first appearance in a Wilde play, she played Lady Markby in An Ideal Husband in 1943–1944, giving a performance characterised by The Times as "comic perfection". Vanbrugh appeared as Mrs. Mildred Catchpole in the 1945 film I Live in Grosvenor Square, a British romance directed and produced by Herbert Wilcox. Her co-stars were Dean Jagger and Rex Harrison.
Vanbrugh was working to the end of her life. In November 1949, she appeared in Mary Bonaventure in its pre-London run in Birmingham, but she was taken ill before the London opening and died within days, several days before her 77th birthday.
Honours and commemorations
Vanbrugh was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 1941. After her death, the new theatre for the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art was named the Vanbrugh Theatre in honour of Vanbrugh and her sister. Located in Gower Street, London, the theatre was opened in 1954 by Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother.
At a matinée marking RADA's golden jubilee in 1954, in the presence of Irene Vanbrugh's brother, Sir Kenneth Barnes, who was still the principal of the Academy, Edith Evans read a poem by A. P. Herbert in which Vanbrugh was celebrated among the leading names of British theatre:
All the great names that give our past a glow,
Bancroft and Irving, Barrie and Boucicault,
Vanbrugh and Playfair, Terry, Kendal, Maude,
Gilbert and Grossmith loudly we applaud.
See also
RADA
Notes and references
Notes
References
Sources
External links
Biography on Theatrical Guild
Performance details from the theatrical archive, University of Bristol
Biographical information from collectorspost.com
Further reading
1872 births
1949 deaths
19th-century English actresses
Actresses awarded British damehoods
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
English film actresses
English silent film actresses
English stage actresses
Actors from Exeter
20th-century English actresses
Actresses from Devon |
4018420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek%20Doucha | František Doucha | Frantisek Doucha (31 August 1810 – 3 November 1884) was one of the most famous Czech literary translators and writers. He was among the most prolific translators of the century, translating works from 14 different languages. His name is often associated with many Shakespearian translations into the Czech language. He lived in Petrovice.
External links
Shakespeare in Czech and Slovak
Czech translators
Czech poets
British male poets
Czech male writers
Translators of William Shakespeare
Translators of Dante Alighieri
1810 births
1884 deaths
19th-century translators |
4018439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaphio | Vaphio | Vaphio, Vafio or Vapheio is an ancient site in Laconia, Greece, on the right bank of the Eurotas, some five miles south of Sparta. It is famous for its tholos or "beehive" tomb, excavated in 1889 by Christos Tsountas. This consists of a walled approach, about 97 feet long, leading to a vaulted chamber some 33 feet in diameter, in the floor of which the actual grave was cut.
The main objects found there were transferred to the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, where many remain on display. Many are regarded as Minoan art, while others are thought to have been made on mainland Greece. The pottery in the tomb dates to around 1500 to 1450 BC, but the gold and carved gem seals might have been old when buried, the Cretan one of the famous pair of gold Vaphio Cups perhaps from the previous century.
The tomb was almost entirely destroyed by 1911.
Objects found
The objects include a large number of carved gem seals and amethyst beads, together with articles in gold, silver, bronze, iron, lead, amber and crystal. Many of the seals and rings found in the tholos have such strong affinities in style and subject matter with contemporary Minoan seals that archaeologists find it impossible to determine whether they were locally made or imported from Crete. Sinclair Hood believed that at this date "it was broadly speaking possible to classify the finer seals as being of Cretan, the more crudely engraved of mainland manufacture", but that "this criterion no longer applies after the mainland conquest of Crete c. 1450".
Vaphio is the largest find in the Aegean of Mycenaen and Minoan seals (as opposed to "sealings" - impressions on clay). Like Grave Circle A at Mycenae, the group has generated much discussion as to the origin of many pieces. The 43 seals in the tomb include a variety of fine stones, and gold, and several have parallels in Cretan finds. The princely figure buried there seems to have worn them on his wrists, like a modern charm bracelet.
The gold cups
By far the finest of the grave goods are a pair of golden cups decorated with scenes in relief, showing two different methods of capturing bulls, perhaps for the bull-leaping activities practised by the Minoan civilization of Crete, or for sacrifice. On one, with three scenes, a cow is used to lure a bull; they mate, and a rear leg is then roped; this is sometimes called the "Peaceful Cup" or the "Quiet Cup". In the other, the "Violent Cup", bulls are stampeded into nets, although one seems to escape, shoving catchers aside. The so-called "Violent Cup", showing netting of bulls, bears a remarkable resemblance to the description of the beginning of the ritual of consecration for the laws of Atlantis described in Plato's dialogue Critias, where bulls are captured for sacrifice, using no iron tools or weapons.
These "form perhaps the most perfect works of Mycenaean or Minoan art which have survived", according to Marcus Niebuhr Tod. Sir Kenneth Clark observed that even on such evolved works "the men are insignificant compared to the stupendous bulls". It seems likely that these Vaphio Cups do not represent a local art but that at least one was imported from Crete, which at that early period was far ahead of mainland Greece in artistic development. As further support for the connection to Crete, C. Michael Hogan notes that a charging bull painting is evocative of an image extant at the Palace of Knossos on Crete.
It had long been recognised that the cups were probably not by the same artist, and had stylistic differences. Ellen Davis suggested that at least one of the cups was produced in mainland Greece. Davis illustrates both the compositional and stylistic differences between the cups, demonstrating that one appears to be Minoan and the other Mycenaean. Hood agreed, and this is now the usual view. There is a difference in quality, the Cretan "seduction" cup being finer, and in the treatment of the tops and bottoms of the scenes.
Rather confusingly, "Vapheio cup" is now used as a term for the shape of the gold cups in Aegean archaeology, which is found in pottery as well as metalwork.
Notes
References
Hood, Sinclair, The Arts in Prehistoric Greece, 1978, Penguin (Penguin/Yale History of Art),
Laconia
Archaeological sites in Greece
Minoan art |
4018443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh%20Said | Sheikh Said | Sheikh Said of Palu (, 1865 – June 29, 1925) was a Kurdish sheikh, the main leader of the Sheikh Said rebellion and a Sheikh of the Naqshbandi order.
He was born in 1865 in Palu to an influential family from the Naqshbandi order. He had five brothers. Still in his childhood, the family settled to Hınıs, Erzurum, where his grandfather was an influential Sheikh. Sheikh Said studied religious sciences at the madrasa led by his father Sheikh Mahmud Fevzi as well from several islamic scholars in the region. Later he was involved in the local tekke set up by his grandfather Sheik Ali. His grandfather was a respected leader of the religious community and his grave was visited by thousands of pilgrims. He became the head of the religious community after his father Sheik Mahmud died. In 1907 he toured the neighboring provinces in the east and he established contacts with officers from the Hamidye cavalry.
Civata Xweseriya Kurd (Society for Kurdish Independence)
The Azadî (English: Freedom), officially Civata Azadiya Kurd (Society for Kurdish Freedom), later Civata Xweseriya Kurd (Society for Kurdish Independence) was a Kurdish secret organization.
In 1923, he was approached by Yusuf Zia Bey, who wanted him to join the Kurdish secret organization Azadî. He became the leader of the Azadî after Zia Bey and Halid Beg Cibran, the leader of the Azadî, were reportedly tipped off by the Yormek tribe and arrested. The Azadi was to become a leading force in the Sheikh Said Rebellion which began in February 1925 and starting from in Piran, soon spread as far as the surroundings of Diyarbakır. The Turkish army then opposed the rebellion and he was captured in mid-April 1925 after having been surrounded by the Turkish troops. He was condemned to death by the Independence Tribunal in Diyarbakır on the 28 June 1925 and hanged the next day in Diyarbakır with 47 of his followers. His remains were buried in an anonymous mass grave in order to prevent his memorization by the Kurds.
Family
His first wife was Amine Hanim, who died during the Russian-Turkish war. His second wife was Fatma Hanim, a sister of Halit Beg Cibran, the leader of the Azadî.
His son Abdülhalik died after his deportation following the Sheikh Said rebellion. His grandson Abdülmelik Fırat became a deputy of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Fırat says that his ancestors were not involved in politics until his grandfather, for they had cordial relations with the Ottoman elite.
The actress Belçim Bilgin is his great grand niece.
References
1865 births
1925 deaths
People from Hınıs
Turkish Sunni Muslims
Sheikh Said rebellion
Kurdish nationalists
Executed Turkish people
People executed by Turkey by hanging
People executed for treason against Turkey
20th-century executions for treason
20th-century executions by Turkey
Kurdish Sufi religious leaders |
4018447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping%20Venus | Sleeping Venus | Sleeping Venus may refer to:
Sleeping Venus (Carracci), a circa 1603 painting by Annibale Carracci
Sleeping Venus (Giorgione), a 1510 painting by Giorgione and Titian
Sleeping Venus (Delvaux painting), a 1944 painting by Paul Delvaux
Sleeping Venus with Cupid (Poussin), a 1630 painting by Nicolas Poussin |
4018451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebastian%20Lucky%20Luisi | Zebastian Lucky Luisi | Zebastian Lucky Luisi (born 22 December 1984), also known by the nicknames of "Lucky", "Zeb", "Zebba", is a New Zealand rugby league footballer who has competed in the Auckland Rugby League competition, his most recent club being the Howick Hornets. He has also represented the Otahuhu Leopards. Luisi has also represent Niue in international rugby league.
Background
Luisi was born in Auckland, New Zealand.
Early years
Luisi is a Junior Kiwi international. Luisi is of Māori and Niuean descent and previously played for the Eastern Tornadoes in the Bartercard Cup, the top level rugby league competition in New Zealand.
England
Zebastian Lucky Luisi joined London Broncos on a 2-year contract at the end of 2004's Super League IX after putting together some impressive performances on trial with the club during that season. The big full-back was selected to play for the Harlequins rugby union side for the Middlesex Sevens at Twickenham Stadium.
Lucky Luisi played for Doncaster in National League Two having signed in February 2008 from Harlequins RL. At the start of the 2009 Season he joined championship club Barrow Raiders
Luisi's position of choice is as a . He can also operate on the and in the centres where he is to feature for Doncaster.
Return to New Zealand
He returned home in 2012, joining the Otahuhu Leopards in the Auckland Rugby League competition. In 2013 and 2014 he is the player-coach of the Howick Hornets. He played for the Counties Manukau Stingrays in the 2013 National Competition.
Niue
At the 2018 Emerging Nations World Championship, Luisi represented Niue, playing at in all four of the tournament matches. Also, on 27 October, he played in a 36–32 loss against Italy. In this match, he scored his first try for the Niuean national team.
References
External links
Barrow Raiders profile
Harlequins RL Profile
1984 births
Living people
Barrow Raiders players
Counties Manukau rugby league team players
Doncaster R.L.F.C. players
Eastern Tornadoes players
Howick Hornets coaches
Howick Hornets players
London Broncos players
New Zealand Māori rugby league players
New Zealand Māori rugby league team players
New Zealand people of Niuean descent
New Zealand rugby league coaches
New Zealand rugby league players
Niue national rugby league team captains
Niue national rugby league team players
Otahuhu Leopards players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league fullbacks
Rugby league wingers |
4018457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Choukri | Mohamed Choukri | Mohamed Choukri (Arabic: محمد شكري, Berber: ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴻⴷ ⵛⵓⴽⵔⵉ) (15 July 193515November 2003, was a Moroccan author and novelist who is best known for his internationally acclaimed autobiography For Bread Alone (al-Khubz al-Hafi), which was described by the American playwright Tennessee Williams as "A true document of human desperation, shattering in its impact".
Choukri was born in 1935 in Ayt Chiker (Ayt Chiker, hence his adopted family name: Choukri / Chikri), a small village in the Rif mountains in the Nador province, Morocco. He was raised in a very poor family. He ran away from his tyrannical father and became a homeless child living in the poor neighbourhoods of Tangier, surrounded by misery, prostitution, violence and drug abuse. At the age of 20, he decided to learn how to read and write and became later a schoolteacher. His family name Choukri is connected to the name Ayt Chiker which is the Berber tribe cluster he belonged to before fleeing hunger to Tangier. It is most likely that he adopted this name later in Tangier because in the rural Rif family names were rarely registered.
In the 1960s, in the cosmopolitan Tangier, he met Paul Bowles, Jean Genet and Tennessee Williams. Choukri's first writing was published in Al Adab (monthly review of Beirut) in 1966, a story entitled "Al-Unf ala al-shati" ("Violence on the Beach"). International success came with the English translation of Al-khoubz Al-Hafi (For Bread Alone, Telegram Books) by Paul Bowles in 1973. The book was translated to French by Tahar Ben Jelloun in 1980 (Éditions Maspero), published in Arabic in 1982 and censored in Morocco from 1983 to 2000. The book later was translated into 30 languages.
His main works are his autobiographic trilogy, beginning with For Bread Alone, followed by Zaman Al-Akhtaâ aw Al-Shouttar (Time of Mistakes or Streetwise, Telegram Books) and finally Faces. He also wrote collections of short stories in the 1960s/1970s (Majnoun Al-Ward, The Flower Freak, 1980; Al-Khaima, The Tent, 1985). Likewise, he is known for his accounts of his encounters with the writers Paul Bowles, Jean Genet and Tennessee Williams (Jean Genet and Tennessee Williams in Tangier, 1992, Jean Genet in Tangier, 1993, Jean Genet, Suite and End, 1996, Paul Bowles: Le Reclus de Tanger, 1997). See also In Tangier, Telegram Books, 2008, for all three in one volume.
Mohamed Choukri died of cancer on 15 November 2003 at the military hospital of Rabat. He was buried on 17 November at the Marshan cemetery in Tangier, with the audience of the minister of culture, numerous government officials, personalities and the spokesman of the king of Morocco. Before he died, Choukri created a foundation, Mohamed Choukri (president, Mohamed Achaâri), owning his copyrights, his manuscripts and personal writings. Before his death, he provided for his servant of almost 22 years.
Early years
Mohamed Choukri was born to a poor family in Had, Bni Chiker in the Rif region of Morocco, during a famine. He was one of many children and dealt with an abusive, violent father. His mother tongue was Riffian, a dialect of the Amazigh language. Fleeing poverty, his family migrated to the city of Tétouan and then to Tangier. Through his adolescent years, Choukri worked many jobs to survive, including serving a french Family in the Rif of French Algeria, and guiding sailors who arrived in Tangier, managing to learn Spanish that way. He found himself in the company of prostitutes, thieves and smugglers. The situation at home didn't improve however, his father was a cruel despot, and Choukri accused him of murdering his wife and his younger brother Kader. After a family dispute, he left them at 11 years old, living on the streets of Tangier, pilfering to survive, and occasionally resorting to smuggling and prostitution. At the age of 20, he'd met someone willing to teach him to read and write.
Learning how to read and write
He met someone willing to help him learn to read and write in Standard Arabic, a strange language for him and to many who weren't formally educated, because what was spoken day to day was Moroccan vernacular Arabic or Darija, a dialect heavily influenced by the Amazigh language. In 1956 (Year of Morocco's independence) he left for Larache, enrolling in a primary school at the age of 21. At some point he became a schoolteacher through the Ecole Normale. Returning to Tangier in the 1960s, he continued to frequent bars and brothels, and began to write his story in Arabic, forthrightly and showing no reserve when detailing sexual experiences, which was utterly at odds with the mores of Morocco and the Arab world at the time, being met with harsh censure from religious and conservative forces in Morocco and elsewhere.
Despite the criticism, Choukri's daring and exceedingly frank style won him literary fame. His association with the Writer and composer Paul Bowles an American expat who lived in Tangier for decades. Bowles and Choukri worked on the translation of his Choukri's semi-autobiographical work For Bread Alone in 1973, and Bowles arranged for the novel to be published in the United Kingdom through Peter owen.
Censorship of For Bread Alone
For Bread Alone became an international success when published in English, but the book also caused a furor in the Arab world. When the Arabic edition emerged, it was prohibited in Morocco, on the authority of the Interior Minister, Driss Basri, following the advice of the religious authorities. It was said to have offended by its references to teenage sexual experiences and drug abuse. This censorship ended in 2000, and For Bread Alone was finally published in Morocco. In 1999, For Bread Alone was removed from the syllabus of a modern Arabic Literature course at the American University in Cairo taught by Dr. Samia Mehrez due to some sexually explicit passages, prompting some observers to criticize the "ban" and blame government censorship. The incident was preceded by the removal by order of Hosni Mubarak, president of Egypt, of Maxime Rodinson's book Muhammad. While some blamed "intimidation from Islamist militants, which the government does little to prevent," in fact, the Egyptian government engaged in book banning in that period on a wide scale. Dr. Mehrez was threatened with sexual harassment proceedings and expulsion, the book For Bread Alone was examined by parliament, and the academic and literary community largely supported her use of the novel through a letter-writing campaign.
Later life
Mohamed Choukri believed he had secured that which was most important to him: a posthumous home for his literary work.
His last will and testament, in which he left his entire estate to a foundation that was to be run jointly by five presidents: "After Choukri's death, this document disappeared without a trace," says Roberto de Hollanda, who was the author's literary agent for many years.
Securing his literary legacy was of the utmost importance to Choukri, but the promises that were made to him were not kept: "The decision was whether to give it to a European or an American university or whether to entrust it to a Moroccan institution," the literary agent explains.
Mohamed Choukri chose the Moroccan option. For one thing, he was afraid that the government might stop funding his expensive cancer treatment if he gave away the rights to his work to a foreign entity. On the other hand, it would have been particularly shameful to have given them to one of the countries that had formerly colonized and oppressed Morocco.
Films
For Bread Alone was adapted to cinema by Rachid Benhadj, in an Italian-French-Algerian production in 2004. It starred Said Taghmaoui. The film premiered at the first edition of the Festival of Casablanca in 2005.
Quotations
Works
For Bread Alone, 1973
The Tent, short stories, 1985
Time of Errors, also called "Streetwise" 1992
Jean Genet and Tennessee Williams in Tanger, 1992
Jean Genet in Tanger, 1993
Madman of the Roses, Short stories 1993
Jean Genet, Suite and End, 1996
Paul Bowles, le Reclus de Tanger, 1997
Zoco Chico, 1996
Faces, 1996
See also
Moroccan literature
References
General
Mohamed Choukri, 1935-2003, Oussama Zekri, (French)
"Le pain nu de Mohamed Choukri: une lecture plurielle", par Salah NATIJ, in website Ma'duba / Invitation à l'adab (French)
Le pain nu de Mohamed Choukri et l'aventure de la traduction, par Salah NATIJ, in website Ma'duba / Invitation à l'adab (French)
Hassan Daoud, L'homme qui savait ce qu'écrire veut dire, (French)
Le poète aux pieds nus, Hanan Kassab-Hassan, (French)
L'enfant terrible de la littérature arabe et écrivain maudit, Hicham Raji, (French)
Mohamed Choukri Biography by Kenneth Lisenbee (English)
Obituary, Mohamed Choukri, Madman of the roses, November 2003, (English)
Specific
1935 births
2003 deaths
Moroccan writers
Moroccan storytellers
Moroccan male short story writers
Moroccan short story writers
Riffian people
Berber Moroccans
People from Tangier
Deaths from cancer in Morocco
People from Bni Chiker
Berber writers |
4018458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Williamson%20%28musician%29 | James Williamson (musician) | James Robert Williamson (born October 29, 1949) is an American guitarist, songwriter, record producer and electronics engineer. He was a member of the iconic proto-punk rock band The Stooges, notably on the influential album Raw Power and in the reformed Stooges from 2009 to 2016. Between his stints in music, Williamson worked in Silicon Valley developing computer chips. Most recently he has continued as a solo artist.
Early years
Williamson was born in Castroville, Texas in 1949. His father died while he was young and he moved to San Antonio, Texas around the age of five. He began playing guitar in the 7th grade, while his family were living in Lawton, Oklahoma:
When Williamson was in the ninth grade in Detroit, he formed his first rock band, The Chosen Few, with schoolmate Scott Richardson. They performed cover versions of Rolling Stones songs and others. Ron Asheton would go on to become the bassist in one of The Chosen Few's later line-ups. Despite this connection, the two were barely acquainted at the time, with Asheton recalling that "the first time I played with them, that was the last time James played with them. They met for the first time during a holiday break when Williamson attended a Frat Party Gig where Asheton was playing ... Iggy was also there that night and so Williamson met both people that night and remained in touch afterward." As a guitarist, Asheton went on to form The Stooges with his brother Scott (drums), bassist Dave Alexander and Iggy Pop. Williamson also spent some time in a juvenile home after his stepfather had told him to cut his hair and Williamson refused. In the first half of 1966, Williamson was sent to a boarding school in a small town eighty miles north of New York City. While there, Williamson helped form and played lead guitar in the Coba Seas. During that time, the Coba Seas taped a rehearsal session, resulting in the first recordings of Williamson.
After graduating from high school in 1969, Williamson travelled to New York to keep in touch with The Stooges, who were recording their debut album with former Velvet Underground multi-instrumentalist John Cale.
The Stooges
By late 1970, Williamson was invited to join The Stooges as a second guitarist. He performed his first gig with the band on December 5, 1970. The band were by then struggling with drug problems and a lack of commercial success; despite the injection of Williamson's musicianship, The Stooges couldn't overcome their difficulties. According to Williamson, "I got hepatitis and moved back to Detroit and basically the band completely dissolved." Many of the demo recordings made during this period were belatedly issued as vinyl singles or EPs, including the proto-punk tracks "I Got A Right" and "Gimme Some Skin".
In 1972, David Bowie offered Pop a chance to record in London; Pop promptly enlisted Williamson as a collaborator for the project. Having failed to find other suitable musicians during an intensive search, they eventually invited the Asheton brothers to join them and reformed The Stooges, with the elder Asheton reluctantly moving from guitar to bass. Ron Asheton would harbor a longstanding animus toward Williamson for several decades. In a 1997 interview with Perfect Sound Forever, he reflected upon his relationship with Williamson at length, alleging that "James was into bad stuff. He wasn't into junk at that time but he fell right in line with THE EVIL PROGRAM. He was supposed to be a helper for me but he totally usurped my position and eventually, kicked me out from playing guitar."
Despite these tensions, Williamson co-wrote all the songs with Pop and played all the guitar parts on the ensuing album, Raw Power (1973). He played louder and raunchier than almost anybody at the time, with a jagged high-energy approach. According to Williamson, "I was a very emotional guitar player, so I always played that way. That's how we felt, so that was what it sounded like." Asheton was less sanguine, noting that "James always loved Keith Richards and he even emulated him in his personal style and appearance. [Pop] finally got his Jagger-Richards. So he and Iggy were the songwriters. They wouldn't let me do nothing even though I would come up with pieces. Jim would actually almost go for something. Little suggestions I made for the tunes, little twists. Not that I did any major structural changes. But I did do pieces to enhance and I was never recognized for it or even a fuckin' 'thank you.'"
Nevertheless, Williamson's aggressive guitar playing on Raw Power has often been cited as a major influence on the emerging punk scene in the mid-seventies. Johnny Marr (The Smiths, Modest Mouse) has also lauded Williamson's abilities: "I'm his biggest fan. He has the technical ability of Jimmy Page without being as studious, and the swagger of Keith Richards without being sloppy. He's both demonic and intellectual, almost how you would imagine Darth Vader to sound if he was in a band."
Under new management from Jeff Wald (the husband and manager of pop singer Helen Reddy), The Stooges began a highly chaotic tour in February 1973 with little support from Columbia Records, which would soon drop the group after Raw Power only managed to peak at #182 in Billboard. During this period, minimalist composer and former Prime Movers keyboardist Bob Sheff joined as the group's pianist; he was soon replaced by multi-instrumentalist Scott Thurston, who formed an enduring friendship with Williamson. According to Kevin L. Jones, "[T]he kind of touring they did was not what you would imagine today, with big buses, fancy stage lighting and expensive equipment. Iggy and the Stooges toured like an invasive species, showing up at whatever venue would have them, scrambling for gear to play through and sucking up the drugs around them like walking Hoovers. Those days are remembered with stories full of blood from random projectiles being thrown at them and even a moment when Elton John jumped onstage wearing a gorilla costume, scaring the living daylights out of Pop." Williamson was briefly dismissed due to criticism from the band's management (likely related to his turbulent romantic relationship with Cyrinda Foxe, a friend of road manager Leee Black Childers); guitarist Tornado Turner replaced him for a single gig (on June 15, 1973 at the Aragon Ballroom) before he was permitted to return.
In February 1974, The Stooges disbanded as a result of their dwindling professional opportunities.
After the Stooges
Williamson collaborated with Pop in 1975 on tumultuous demo sessions for a proposed new album to possibly be produced by John Cale, which were released (despite Pop's objections) in 1977 as Kill City. During this period, Pop was briefly institutionalized of his own volition and Williamson was arrested for possessing heroin by the LAPD. After sustaining a finger injury during a drunken altercation at an Alice Cooper listening party, he gave up playing music professionally to work as a record producer and pursue a higher education as an electronics engineer, initially enrolling in classes at Los Angeles City College: "The Stooges was maybe my only real band and kind of a family and so when that fell apart it was difficult to go on." Looking back in 2010, Williamson said, "I gave up being a Stooge to study calculus." He noted, "It was a rather large existential gap, but I did it."
Throughout the late 1970s, he worked on disco sessions as a staff engineer at Paramount Recorders in Los Angeles. In 1979, he was again persuaded to work with Iggy Pop as a producer and songwriter on New Values, his fourth solo album; in a partial reunion of The Stooges, Scott Thurston played guitar on all the tracks except "Don't Look Down."
Although Williamson continued to work with Pop on the initial sessions for Soldier (1980) in Wales, he brandished an air pistol and began to drink vodka heavily after failing to acclimate to the singer's new band, which included former Sex Pistols bassist Glen Matlock, Patti Smith Band multi-instrumentalist Ivan Kral and Barry Andrews of XTC. Following a squabble with Pop and David Bowie (who Williamson accused of exploiting The Stooges during the Raw Power era) over recording methods, he left the project. Subsequently, Williamson and Pop would lose touch for 16 years. Williamson reflected on the experience in 2015: "Fuck Bowie. His showing up was just the last of many frustrations with being there ... In hindsight, I should have never taken that job. It was recorded in a studio I didn't want to be in, with music that was half-baked and with musicians I didn't respect. It was my own damned fault it didn't work out."
After working on Soldier, Williamson left the music business entirely to concentrate on his studies. In 1982, he received an electrical engineering degree from California State Polytechnic University, Pomona.
Technology career
Immediately following his graduation from Cal Poly Pomona, Williamson moved to Silicon Valley. For the next fifteen years, he worked for Advanced Micro Devices in San Jose, California, designing products around its chips. His coworkers never inquired about his earlier career as a rock musician; in a 2010 interview with Uncut, Williamson asserted that many of his colleagues were "nerds and geeks ... they don't listen to The Stooges much." In 1997, he was hired as Sony's vice president of technical standards; in this capacity, he liaised with competitors and helped to codify nascent industry standards, most notably the Blu-ray Disc. During the Great Recession, he accepted an early retirement buyout offer from Sony in 2009.
In 2015, Williamson was selected to receive ANSI's Ronald H. Brown Standards Leadership Award for his contributions to consumer electronics standards development. The award, named after late United States Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown, is presented as part of World Standards Day celebration.
Reuniting with The Stooges
Following Ron Asheton's sudden death in 2009, Williamson rejoined The Stooges, who had toured regularly after the Fun House-era lineup (save for Alexander, who had died years previously in 1975) reunited in 2003. To rehearse, he enlisted the help of local roots rock band Careless Hearts, who backed him on his first gig in 35 years at the Blank Club in San Jose, California on September 5, 2009. They performed a number of early Stooges songs, and also some material from the Kill City album. In June 2010, a CD + DVD combo was released of this event called James Williamson with Careless Hearts.
The Stooges' first reunion concert with Williamson occurred on November 7, 2009 in São Paulo, Brazil. The band added material from Raw Power and several of Pop's early solo albums to its repertoire.
In March 2010, The Stooges were inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. The group's current line-up performed "Search and Destroy" with Scott Thurston.
Following several additional tours (many of which included full performances of Raw Power), the band released what would become their last album, Ready to Die, on April 30, 2013 via Fat Possum Records. Produced by Williamson, the album contained ten new Pop-Williamson compositions.
Re-Licked, Williamson's first solo studio album, was released by Leopard Lady Records in October 2014. Composed entirely of much-bootlegged songs by Pop and Williamson that were written, demoed and performed by The Stooges in the immediate aftermath of Raw Power, it featured vocal contributions from Jello Biafra, Bobby Gillespie, Ariel Pink, Carolyn Wonderland, Alison Mosshart and Lisa Kekaula along with performances by several members of the reunited Stooges (including bassist Mike Watt and touring drummer Toby Dammit). Pop did not participate in the project, with a representative alleging that "Iggy was never given an opportunity to participate on the album. He found out about the project in December of 2013 after it was rejected by a Chicago label." According to Williamson, "He gave me his blessing and wished me success. But it's a hard pill to swallow when someone is doing all your songs with your band and you're not on it. I think he's cool with it so far. We'll see how things progress ... I hope he maintains his positive attitude." In a subsequent interview with Rolling Stone, Pop said, "I don't have a problem with anything, I don't oppose anything. This statement about the 'hard pill' sounds kind of passive aggressive to me. The guys in the touring group have been phoning and emailing me and my rep before during and after the recordings, wondering how I felt about this. These guys are my friends and we've all worked together many years. I am glad someone is paying them; they are working musicians and they need to play. I want to thank all the wonderful singers on this record for covering my songs."
On March 15, 2014, Scott Asheton died of a heart attack at the age of 64. Saxophonist Steve Mackay (who briefly joined the group in mid-1970 before participating in the post-2003 reunion and Re-Licked) also died in October 2015 at the age of 66. On June 22, 2016, Williamson issued an official statement for the band saying that The Stooges are no more: "The Stooges is over. Basically, everybody's dead except Iggy and I. So it would be sort-of ludicrous to try and tour as Iggy and The Stooges when there's only one Stooge in the band and then you have side guys. That doesn't make any sense to me." Williamson also added that touring had become boring, and trying to balance the band's career as well as Pop's was a difficult task.
Equipment
Williamson is known primarily for his use of Gibson Les Paul Custom guitars, but he also plays other guitars live (although Les Paul Customs are his guitar of choice). Williamson says that all the songs on Raw Power were written in his London bedroom on a Gibson B-25 acoustic and the acoustic guitar used in the studio was a Martin D-28. A Vox AC30 amplifier was used for recording Raw Power. Williamson says he plugged his Les Paul Custom into the AC30's Top Boost channel, volume at full and bass low, and played primarily on the Custom's low-impedance (hand wired) bridge humbucker pickup; no effects pedals were used. Williamson often used Marshall amplifiers when playing live in the 1970s, and recently switched to Blackstar Amplification's Artisan 30 for live use.
All guitars currently used onstage by Williamson are equipped with low-impedance, microphonic, humbucker pickups modeled after those in his original 1969 Gibson Les Paul Custom. These pickups were custom wound by Jason Lollar who reverse engineered the 1969 pickups, at the suggestion of James' touring guitar tech Derek See, and local tech Brian Michael. In concert, for "Gimme Danger" and "Open Up And Bleed", Williamson uses a Fishman Power Bridge piezo pickup equipped Les Paul (patched through a Fishma Aura pedal) for simulated acoustic guitar sounds.
A detailed gear diagram of James Williamson's 2011 Iggy & The Stooges guitar rig is well-documented:
Personal life
Williamson lives in Saratoga, California with his wife Linda. He has a son named Jamie and a daughter named Elizabeth.
Discography
Solo albums
2014 - Re-Licked
Solo EPS
2017 – Acoustic K.O.
Solo Singles with various artists
2014 - I Got A Right /Heavy Liquid
2014 - Open Up And Bleed/Gimme Some Skin
2015 - Sickk/I Made A Mistake
2016 - Blues Jumped The Rabbit/Last Kind Words
2016 - I Love my Tutu/Never Far From Where The Wild Things Are
with The Stooges
1973 - Raw Power: Co-Song Writer, Guitars
1977 - Metallic K.O.: Guitars (live)
1995 - Open Up and Bleed: Guitars (live)
2013 - Ready to Die:Co-Song Writer, Guitars, Producer
with Iggy Pop
1977 - Kill City: Co-Song Writer, Guitar, Producer, Mixing
1979 - New Values: Producer, Guitar,
1980 - Soldier: Producer (uncredited)
2005 - A Million in Prizes: The Anthology:
with Careless Hearts
2010 - James Williamson with Careless Hearts: Guitar
with the Coba Seas
2010 - (recorded in 1966) - Unreformed: Guitar
with Deniz Tek
2017 - Acoustic K.O.: Guitar, Producer
2020 - Two to One
and The Pink Hearts
2018 - Behind The Shade: Guitar, Producer
References
External links
Official website
Rolling Stone: Former Stooges Guitarist James Williamson Details New Album (2018)
James Williamson and The Pink Hearts (2018)
Stooges Guitarist James Williamson Talks Bowie (2018
2009 interview with Williamson Paraphilia Magazine Issue Five
2007 interview with Williamson
2001 interview with Williamson
Creem magazine 1974 interview with Williamson & Pop
IEEE 2008 Annual Election page for Standards Association Board of Governors with Williamson as nominee
2010 Interview on American Public Radio
American punk rock guitarists
The Stooges members
Record producers from Texas
Protopunk musicians
Living people
1949 births
Radar Records artists
American electronics engineers
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona alumni
People from Medina County, Texas
People from Saratoga, California
American male guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
Record producers from California |
4018463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton%20of%20L%27Aigle-Est | Canton of L'Aigle-Est | The canton of L'Aigle-Est is a former canton of France, located in the Orne department, in the Basse-Normandie region. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It had 9 communes.
Communes
The communes of the canton of L'Aigle-Est were:
L'Aigle (partly)
Chandai
Crulai
Irai
Saint-Martin-d'Écublei
Saint-Michel-Tuboeuf
Saint-Ouen-sur-Iton
Saint-Sulpice-sur-Risle
Vitrai-sous-Laigle
See also
Cantons of the Orne department
References
Former cantons of Orne
2015 disestablishments in France
States and territories disestablished in 2015 |
4018508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kermit%20L.%20Hall | Kermit L. Hall | Kermit Lance Hall (August 31, 1944 – August 13, 2006) was a noted legal historian and university president. He served from 1994 to 1998 on the Assassination Records Review Board to review and release to the public documents related to the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy.
Biography
Hall was raised in Akron, Ohio. His father, Kermit, was a tire builder, and his mother, Katherine, a bookkeeper. He was a Vietnam era veteran. He earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Akron and master's degree in 1967 from Syracuse University. He earned his Ph.D. degree from the University of Minnesota in 1972. He also received a Master of Studies in Law (MSL) degree from Yale Law School in 1980.
Over the course of his career, Hall held academic positions in the history departments at Vanderbilt University, Wayne State University, and University of Florida. In 1992, Hall began a rapid ascent in higher education administration that included appointments at University of Tulsa, Ohio State University, and North Carolina State University. He served as president of Utah State University from 2000 to 2005, and in early 2005 he became the seventeenth president of the State University of New York at Albany. During a distinguished career as a scholar, he wrote six books and edited twenty-two, including the award-winning The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court (second ed., rev. 2005), The Magic Mirror: Law in American History (1989), A Comprehensive Bibliography of American Constitutional and Legal History (1984), and The Politics of Justice: Lower Federal Judicial Selection and the Second Party System, 1829-1861 (1979). He served on numerous editorial boards and edited several book series, including Bicentennial Essays on the Bill of Rights published by Oxford University Press.
He received fellowships and grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the American Bar Foundation. In 1993, President Bill Clinton appointed him to the Assassination Records Review Board, which reviewed and eventually released tens of thousands of documents pertaining to the death of President John F. Kennedy. After the board completed its work, Hall received in 1999 the James Madison Award from the American Library Association for his commitment to openness in government. In recent years, Hall assumed the role of public intellectual. A frequent lecturer in both the U.S. and abroad, he provided expert commentary to the national media about the history of the U.S. Constitution and the Supreme Court.
Hall died of a heart attack on August 13, 2006 while swimming on vacation on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. He was 61 years old.
A remembrance ceremony was held on August 14, 2006 at the Albany campus. The ceremony was attended by numerous campus leaders including Provost Susan Herbst, SUNY Chancellor John Ryan, Senator Hillary Clinton, Congressman John E. Sweeney, and Albany Mayor Gerald Jennings.
Personal life
He was married to Phyllis, and was survived by his sister, Mary Bouvier, as well as several nieces, nephews, grand-nieces and grand-nephews.
References
External links
UAlbany news release
In Memoriam: Kermit Hall, January 2007, Perspectives, American Historical Association
1944 births
2006 deaths
Accidental deaths in South Carolina
American legal scholars
Presidents of University at Albany
Syracuse University alumni
University of Akron alumni
University of Minnesota alumni
University of Tulsa faculty
Presidents of Utah State University
Yale Law School alumni |
4018509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace%20F.%20Knoche | Grace F. Knoche | Grace F. Knoche (February 15, 1909 – February 18, 2006) was leader of the Theosophical Society with international headquarters at Pasadena, California from 1971. The Society was founded in 1875 in New York City to promote universal brotherhood, the study of philosophy, religion, and science, and to investigate the powers innate in nature and man.
Knoche was born at Society's headquarters, then at Point Loma, California, and educated at its schools which pioneered a rounded curriculum including art, music, and drama, completing her education at Theosophical University (PhD 1944). In the 1930s and 1940s she worked at the headquarters in several capacities including the secretarial and editorial staffs. At various times from 1933 to 1946 she also taught violin, Greek, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Bible translation, and Qabbalah at Theosophical University, as well as sculpture and painting at the Lomaland School. After Colonel Arthur L. Conger became leader of the Society in 1945, Knoche became his private secretary and subeditor of The Theosophical Forum. On Conger's death in 1951, she continued as private secretary to the next leader, James A. Long, and was subeditor of Sunrise magazine until his death in 1971.
As leader, Knoche emphasized theosophy as a practical and compassionate way of living, believing that "mankind is a living brotherhood of human souls, and how and what any one person thinks or does has its inevitable effect on the totality of world thought." She encouraged mutual respect and cooperation among the members of various theosophical organizations, while recognizing the value of each organization as an independent entity. She put special emphasis on the publications program, in print and online, making the full text of virtually all the Society's press publications freely available on the internet. Besides scores of articles in theosophical magazines, especially Sunrise: Theosophic Perspectives, she wrote three books: To Light a Thousand Lamps, The Mystery Schools, and Theosophy in the Qabbalah (unpublished).
Works
The Mystery Schools. Theosophical University Press, Pasadena, 1999;
To Light a Thousand Lamps: A Theosophic Vision. Theosophical University Press, Pasadena, 2001;
Sources
obituary of Grace Knoche
External links
www.theosociety.org
Articles by Knoche
Ihr Werk "Die Mysterienschulen" online (pdf-Dokument, 624 kB) German
American Theosophists
1909 births
2006 deaths |
4018514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomeroy%2C%20County%20Tyrone | Pomeroy, County Tyrone | Pomeroy is a small village and civil parish in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is in the townland of Cavanakeeran, about from Cookstown, from Dungannon and from Omagh. The 2011 Census recorded a population of 788 people.
Pomeroy is atop a large hill that dominates the surrounding countryside. From the Cookstown end, the road through the village gradually climbs a gradient up to a village square, The Diamond. The village is surrounded by the Pomeroy Hills. The surrounding countryside is a mixture of moorland and bog land. Stone age and Bronze Age cairns dot the landscape. Pomeroy is the closest settlement to the geographical centre of Ulster.
History
At the end of the 17th century there was no village in this area, just an extensive forest. In the plantation of Ulster James I and VI granted eight townlands to Sir William Parsons, Surveyor General of Ireland. In 1729 James Lowry inherited the land from his father, Robert of Aghenis Caledon.
In the 18th century two new parishes were created in Tyrone, and the same family, the Lowrys (from whom issued the Earls of Belmore), was involved in the establishment of both. Pomeroy was created from part of Donaghmore, while Clogherny was taken from Termonmaguirc. The arrangement was confirmed in 1731 by an Order in Council, which had the same legal status as an Act of Parliament, and the articles of agreement under which it was conducted by the two parties involved, Lord Tyrone and Robert Lowry, suggest the tone:
The name of each of the new erected parishes shall be wrote on a separate scrole of parchment, roll'd up and put into a hatt, to be held by an indeffernet person,... and that the said Marcus, Lord Viscount of Tyrone, and Robert Lowry shall each put his hand into the said hatt, and take thereout one of the said scroles, and that the advowson of that parish which shall be mentioned in the said scrole .. to be drawn out of the said hatte, by the said Lord Tyrone, shall stand and be the advowson of the said .. Tyrone, his heirs and assigns, for ever."
In 1750 Rev. James Lowry was granted the right to hold a weekly market in Pomeroy and an important event was the twice yearly Hiring Fair, held in May and November. Men and women from the surrounding countryside would gather at the fair and hire themselves out as farm workers and servants. In the 1640s the large forest had been stripped of timber and for many years after remained neglected. In 1770 the Rev. James Lowry undertook its management, replanted about and left money to build Pomeroy House. The Lowry family played a big part in the life of the area for about 200 years.
In the square is the Church of Ireland church which dates from the early 1840s. Its belfry and tower were paid for by the Lowry family as a token of their esteem for Pomeroy.
Much of the woodland is gone and the Georgian mansion demolished. All that remains is the family burial vault on Tanderagee Road. This was once approached by the longest avenue of Chilean pine trees in Ireland.
The road leading from Pomeroy to Donaghmore is known as the Royal Road because in 1689 James II and VII took this route to visit his troops in Derry during the historic siege. This route brought him through Cappagh and Altmore. King James's Well is by the roadside just outside Cappagh.
Transport
The Portadown, Dungannon and Omagh Junction Railway opened Pomeroy railway station on 2 September 1861. From 1876 until 1958 it was part of the Great Northern Railway. The Ulster Transport Authority closed the station and the PD&O line on 15 February 1965. Throughout its history it had the highest altitude of any Irish gauge railway station in Ireland. West of Pomeroy the railway reached its summit, above sea level, the highest point on Ireland's Irish gauge network.
Economy
Pomeroy is the home of a farm shop at Cloughbane Farm, which uses locally sourced meat, vegetables, potatoes, milk and flour in its products. The 180-acre farm is a fourth-generation, family-run beef and lamb farm outside Dungannon. The on-site farm shop and butchers were established in 2003 and in 2006 began selling home-cooked pies and take-away meals. In 2006 the company, which has won five UK Great Taste Awards, expanded after securing a supply deal with Tesco.
Sport
Pomeroy Plunketts is the local Gaelic Athletic Association club.
Places of interest
There is a modern forestry school on the estate of the Rev. James Lowry, the 18th century planner of the village.
Mountains of Pomeroy
Carrickmore
Altmore
Gortavoy Bridge
Cavanakeeran
Demography
On Census Day (27 March 2011) the usually resident population of Pomeroy Settlement was 788, accounting for 0.04% of the NI total. Of these:
21.7% were aged under 16 years and 10.66% were aged 65 and over
48.1% of the population were male and 51.9% were female
89.34% were from a Catholic background and 9.26% were from a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' background
People
Andrea Begley, winner of BBC's The Voice in June 2013.
Philomena Begley, Irish country music singer
Liam Kelly, Irish republican politician and activist
Kieran McGeary, Gaelic footballer
See also
List of civil parishes of County Tyrone
References
Links
Parish of Pomeroy
Villages in County Tyrone
Civil parishes of County Tyrone |
4018516 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endgame%20%281983%20film%29 | Endgame (1983 film) | Endgame (Bronx lotta finale) () is a 1983 Italian post-apocalyptic film starring Al Cliver, Laura Gemser and George Eastman. It was directed, co-written and produced by Joe D'Amato, under the pseudonym "Steven Benson".
Synopsis
In the year 2025, a nuclear holocaust has left New York City an irradiated, but not abandoned, wasteland. (It appears the Nuclear War that caused the devastation happened in the late 1980s or early 1990s based on the technology people have available.) The ruined city is inhabited now by scavenger packs and telepathic mutants, who are persecuted by the elite survivors. Keeping the few remaining people pacified is the reality television program Endgame, where hunters and gladiators fight to the death for large financial winnings.
The elites in power in the city have their security forces seeking out and killing mutants who populate the ruins of the city. The non-mutant Professor Levin helps the mutants survive and hide from the security forces seeking to kill them.
The star and veteran fighter from Endgame, Ron Shannon (Al Cliver), convinces his nemesis to help him assembles a team to take a group of mind-reading mutants across the desert to safety. They need to avoid such dangers as blind fighting monks, nomadic predators, government agents, and Shannon's friend, now turned nemesis, Karnak (George Eastman). The leader of the mutants is Lilith (Laura Gemser) and she has promised that if the assembled by Shaanon can succeed in getting the mutants to safety, a fortune awaits
Cast
Al Cliver as Ron Shannon
Laura Gemser as Lilith
George Eastman as Karnak
Jack Davis as Professor Levin
Hal Yamanouchi as Ninja
Gabriele Tinti as Bull
Mario Pedone as Kovack
Gordon Mitchell as Colonel Morgan
Release
Endgame was released in Italy on November 5, 1983.
Reception
While noting that this is a Mad Max "ripoff", and that the battle sequences seem endless, Creature Feature gave the movie 2.5 out of 5 stars. Million Monkey Theater found that the movie is a mixture of The Running Man and any number of post-apocalyptic movies and had issues with the acting, but stated the fans of the genre would like the film. George Eastman remarked "The idea was alright...but like all the others, it was made on too small a budget. These (post-atomic) films, which were made in the wake of the various Mad Max movies, were decidedly crummy. The set designs were poor....and the genre met a swift and well-deserved death." Kim Newman found the movie "initially promising".
Home Release
The movie is available on several streaming service and as of October 2019 this includes Amazon Prime The movie has been released on DVD, and on Blu-ray by Severin Films.
References
External links
A detailed synopsis of the movie
1983 films
1980s science fiction action films
Films directed by Joe D'Amato
Films set in 2025
1980s Italian-language films
Italian science fiction action films
Italian post-apocalyptic films
Films about telepathy |
4018526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilsonianism | Wilsonianism | Wilsonianism, or Wilsonian idealism, is a certain type of foreign policy advice. The term comes from the ideas and proposals of President Woodrow Wilson. He issued his famous Fourteen Points in January 1918 as a basis for ending World War I and promoting world peace. He was a leading advocate of the League of Nations to enable the international community to avoid wars and end hostile aggression. Wilsonianism is a form of liberal internationalism.
Principles
Common principles that are often associated with Wilsonianism include:
Advocacy of the spread of democracy. Anne-Marie Slaughter writes that Wilson expected and hoped "that democracy would result from self-determination, but he never sought to spread democracy directly." Slaughter writes that Wilson's League of Nations was similarly intended to foster liberty democracy by serving as "a high wall behind which nations", especially small nations, "could exercise their right of self determination" but that Wilson did not envision that the United States would affirmatively intervene to "direct" or "shape" democracies in foreign nations.
Conferences and bodies devoted to resolving conflict, especially the League of Nations and the United Nations.
Emphasis on self-determination of peoples.
Advocacy of the spread of capitalism.
Support for collective security, and at least partial opposition to American isolationism.
Support for open diplomacy and opposition to secret treaties.
Support for freedom of navigation and freedom of the seas.
Historian Joan Hoff writes, "What is 'normal' Wilsonianism remains contested today. For some, it is 'inspiring liberal internationalism' based on adherence to self-determination; for others, Wilsonianism is the exemplar of humanitarian intervention around the world,' making U.S. foreign policy a paragon of carefully defined and restricted use of force." Amos Perlmutter defined Wilsonianism as simultaneously consisting of "liberal internationalism, self-determination, nonintervention, humanitarian intervention" oriented in support of collective security, open diplomacy, capitalism, American exceptionalism, and free and open borders, and opposed to revolution.
According to University of Chicago political theorist Adom Getachew, Wilson's version of self-determination was a reassociation of an idea that others had previously imbued with different meanings. Wilson's version of self-determination "effectively recast self-determination as a racially differentiated principle, which was fully compatible with imperial rule."
Wilsonian moment
The Wilsonian moment was a time in the wake of the First World War in which many of those in the colonised world hoped that the time had come for the pre-war world order, which placed the Western powers at the top and marginalised the majority of the rest of the world, to be demolished and non-European nations would be given their rightful place. Erez Manela is a key historian of the Wilsonian moment, having produced work on the topic which include case studies on the Wilsonian moment in Egypt, Korea, China, and India. He aimed to address the fact that the significance of Wilsonianism in Asia and Africa had received little attention from scholars. The reaction in the colonised world was largely the result of Wilson's Fourteen Points speech on 8 January 1918, in which Wilson advocated the formation of a "general association of nations", "for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike". He declared in a subsequent speech to the United States Congress on February 8, 1918, that in the post-war peace settlement "national aspirations must be respected" and people could only be governed "by their own consent". Self-determination was not "not a mere phrase" but an "imperative principle of action".
Wilson's words launched an atmosphere of intense optimism and hope amongst marginalised peoples in all corners of the globe. Erez Manela argues that by December 1918, shortly before the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Wilson was "a man of almost transcendent significance". Wilson's rhetoric certainly had an impact in Asian nations, including India, where he was hailed as "The Modern Apostle of Freedom" by Indian nationalist Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, and in China, where Wilson's words were viewed as a crucial opportunity to improve China’s situation domestically and internationally. According to Manela, many in Asia had faith that Wilson could and did intend to form a new international order, reducing the gap between the East and the West. In Egypt, Wilson's self-determination advocation led to hopes that Egypt may be freed from British control and would be afforded the opportunity to rule itself. Sarah Claire Dunstan's work also indicates that Wilson's rhetoric had an impact on marginalised groups within the United States, such as African Americans. Members of disenfranchised groups like the African-American community were enthusiastic and some members, like peoples in various colonised nations, felt an opportunity had arisen to forward their own case for self-determination.
All the hopes for self-determination that Wilson raised would soon be dashed when the Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919. Versailles did not destroy the colonial system, and much of the colonial world was left in disillusionment. Manela suggests this led to violent protest movements in various marginalised nations, including the Egyptian Revolution of 1919, the May Fourth Movement in China, Mahatma Gandhi's passive resistance movement in India, and the March 1st Movement in Korea.
Impact
Historian David Kennedy argues that American foreign relations since 1914 have rested on Wilsonian idealism, even if adjusted somewhat by the realism represented by Franklin D. Roosevelt and Henry Kissinger. Kennedy argues that every president since Wilson has "embraced the core precepts of Wilsonianism. Nixon himself hung Wilson's portrait in the White House Cabinet Room. Wilson's ideas continue to dominate American foreign policy in the twenty-first century. In the aftermath of 9/11 they have, if anything, taken on even greater vitality."
Wilson was a remarkably effective writer and thinker, and his diplomatic policies had a profound influence on shaping the world. Diplomatic historian Walter Russell Mead said:"Wilson's principles survived the eclipse of the Versailles system and that they still guide European politics today: self-determination, democratic government, collective security, international law, and a league of nations. Wilson may not have gotten everything he wanted at Versailles, and his treaty was never ratified by the Senate, but his vision and his diplomacy, for better or worse, set the tone for the twentieth century. France, Germany, Italy, and Britain may have sneered at Wilson, but every one of these powers today conducts its European policy along Wilsonian lines. What was once dismissed as visionary is now accepted as fundamental. This was no mean achievement, and no European statesman of the twentieth century has had as lasting, as benign, or as widespread an influence."
See also
Diplomatic history of World War I
Empire of Liberty
International relations (1919–1939)
Nation-building
References
Further reading
Ambrosius, Lloyd E. Wilsonianism: Woodrow Wilson and His Legacy in American Foreign Relations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2002).
Cotton, James. "A century of Wilsonianism: a review essay." Australian Journal of Political Science 53.3 (2018): 398–407.
Fromkin, David. "What Is Wilsonianism?" World Policy Journal 11.1 (1994): 100-111 online.
Ikenberry, G. John, Thomas J. Knock, Anne-Marie Slaughter & Tony Smith. The Crisis of American Foreign Policy: Wilsonianism in the Twenty-first Century (Princeton University Press, 2009).
Layne, Christopher. The Peace of Illusions: American Grand Strategy from 1940 to the Present (Cornell Studies in Security Affairs) (Cornell University Press, 2000).
McAllister, James. Wilsonian Visions (Cornell University Press, 2021).
Menchik, Jeremy. "Woodrow Wilson and the Spirit of Liberal Internationalism." Politics, Religion & Ideology (2021): 1-23.
Nichols, Christopher McKnight. "The Wilson legacy, domestic and international." in A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover (2014) pp: 7-33.
Ninkovich, Frank. "4 The Wilsonian Anomaly; or, The Three Faces of Wilsonianism." in The Global Republic (U of Chicago Press, 2021) pp. 96–118.
Perlmutter, Amos. Making the world safe for democracy: A century of Wilsonianism and its totalitarian challengers (U of North Carolina Press, 1997).
Smith, Tony. Why Wilson Matters: The Origin of American Liberal Internationalism and Its Crisis Today (2019) excerpt
Thompson, John A. "Wilsonianism: the dynamics of a conflicted concept." International Affairs 86.1 (2010): 27–47.
Throntveit, Trygve. "Wilsonianism." in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History (2019).
Throntveit, Trygve. Power without Victory: Woodrow Wilson and the American Internationalist Experiment (2017)
Eponymous political ideologies
Internationalism
Liberalism
Political terminology of the United States
Woodrow Wilson |
4018527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron%20Headley | Baron Headley | Lord Headley, Baron Allanson and Winn, of Aghadoe in the County of Kerry, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1797 for Sir George Allanson-Winn, 1st Baronet, a former Baron of the Court of the Exchequer and Member of Parliament for Ripon. He had already been created a Baronet, of Little Warley in the County of Essex, in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 14 September 1776. His son, Charles Winn-Allanson, 2nd Baron Headley, represented Ripon, Malton and Ludgershall in Parliament. In 1833 he succeeded a distant relative as 8th Baronet, of Nostel (see below). His nephew, the third Baron (the son of the Honourable George Allanson-Winn, MP for Malton), sat in the House of Lords as an Irish Representative Peer from 1868 to 1877. His son, the fourth Baron, was an Irish Representative Peer from 1883 to 1913. His cousin, Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley, was a prominent convert to Islam. On the death in 1994 of the latter's younger son, Charles Allanson-Winn, 7th Baron Headley, the titles became extinct.
The Baronetcy, of Nostel in the County of York, was created in the Baronetage of England on 3 December 1660 for George Winn. His great-grandson, the fourth Baronet, began the construction of the mansion of Nostell Priory in Yorkshire, which became the seat of the Winn family. The house later came into another branch of the family, the Barons St Oswald. The fourth Baronet’s son, the fifth Baronet, represented Pontefract in the House of Commons. On the death of the seventh Baronet, the title was inherited by his distant relative the second Baron Headley. The Baronetcy remained united with the Barony until their extinction in 1994.
Barons Headley (1797)
George Allanson-Winn, 1st Baron Headley (1725–1798)
Charles Winn-Allanson, 2nd Baron Headley (1784–1840)
Charles Allanson-Winn, 3rd Baron Headley (1810–1877)
Charles Allanson-Winn, 4th Baron Headley (1845–1913)
Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley (1855–1935)
Rowland Allanson-Winn, 6th Baron Headley (1901–1969)
Charles Allanson-Winn, 7th Baron Headley (1902–1994)
Winn Baronets, of Nostel (1660)
Sir George Winn, 1st Baronet (–1667)
Sir Edmund Winn, 2nd Baronet (–1694)
Sir Rowland Winn, 3rd Baronet (1675–1722)
Sir Rowland Winn, 4th Baronet (–1765)
Sir Rowland Winn, 5th Baronet (1739–1785)
Sir Rowland Winn, 6th Baronet (1775–1805)
Sir Edmund Mark Winn, 7th Baronet (1762–1833)
Sir Charles Allanson-Winn, 8th Baronet (1784–1840) (had already succeeded as 2nd Baron Headley)
for further Baronets of Nostell, see the Barons Headley above
See also
Baron St Oswald
References
Work cited
Extinct baronies in the Peerage of Ireland
Noble titles created in 1797 |
4018533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inocenc%20Arno%C5%A1t%20Bl%C3%A1ha | Inocenc Arnošt Bláha | Inocenc Arnošt Bláha (1879–1960) was a prominent Czech sociologist and philosopher. Since 1922 the professor of sociology at the Masaryk university, Brno, 1950 pensioned. Bláha was the leading figure of the Brno school of sociology and author of the theoretical concept of 'federative functionalism'.
Bibliography
Město: sociologická studie ("City: a sociological study"), Praha 1914.
Filosofie mravnosti ("Philosophy of morals"), Brno: A.Píša 1922.
Sociologie sedláka a dělníka ("Sociology of farmer and worker"), Praha: Orbis 1925, 2nd ed. 1937.
Sociologie dětství ("A sociology of childhood"), 1927, (reed. 1930, 1946 revised, 1948).
Sociologie intelligence ("Sociology of the Intelligentsia"), Praha: Orbis 1937.
Sociologie ("Sociology"), ed. Juliána Obrdlíková, Praha: Academia 1968.
Československá sociologie: od svého vzniku do roku 1948 ("The Czechoslovak sociology from its origins until 1948"), ed. V. Kadlec, Brno: Doplněk 1997.
References
Biography
Czech philosophers
1879 births
1960 deaths
Masaryk University faculty
Czech sociologists |
4018542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giulio%20Prisco | Giulio Prisco | Giulio Prisco (born in Naples in 1957) is an Italian information technology virtual reality consultant; as well as a writer, futurist, transhumanist, and cosmist. He is an advocate of cryonics and contributes to the science and technology online magazine Tendencias21. He produced teleXLR8, an online talk program using virtual reality and video conferencing, and focused on highly imaginative science and
technology. He writes and speaks on a wide range of topics, including science, information technology, emerging technologies, virtual worlds, space exploration and futurology.
Prisco's ideas on virtual realities, technological immortality, mind uploading, and new scientific religions are extensively featured in the OUP books "Apocalyptic AI - Visions of Heaven in Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and Virtual Reality" and "Virtually Sacred - Myth and Meaning in World of Warcraft and Second Life". Prisco's ideas are also extensively featured in the 2017 book "Dynamic Secularization - Information Technology and the Tension Between Religion and Science" and the 2019 book "Transhumanism - Engineering the Human Condition: History, Philosophy and Current Status", both published by Springer.
Formerly a researcher at CERN, a staff member at the European Space Agency, and a senior manager at the European Union Satellite Centre Prisco is a physicist and computer scientist. He served as a member on the board of directors of World Transhumanist Association, of which he was temporarily executive director, and the board of directors of the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies,
from which he resigned in 2021.
He is currently the president of the Associazione Italiana
Transumanisti. He is also a founding member of the Order of Cosmic Engineers, and the Turing Church, fledgling organizations which claim that the benefits of a technological singularity, which would come from accelerating change, should or would be viable alternatives to the promises of major religious groups.
Prisco has been repeatedly at odds with technocritic Dale Carrico who argues that transhumanism is technological utopianism turned into a new religious movement. Prisco agrees but counters that transhumanism is an “unreligion” because it offers many of the benefits of religion without its drawbacks.
Published works
Books
Prisco has published two books. The first, published in 2018 and again in 2020 with its second edition, is titled, "Tales of the Turing Church: Hacking religion, enlightening science, awakening technology". The second book, published in 2021, is titled "Futurist spaceflight meditations".
Book chapters
Prisco has also written the chapter "Transcendent Engineering" for the 2013 book "The Transhumanist Reader: Classical and Contemporary Essays on the Science, Technology, and Philosophy of the Human Future" and the chapter "Future Evolution of Virtual Worlds as Communication Environments" in the 2010 Springer book "Online Worlds: Convergence of the Real and the Virtual".
References
External links
Giulio Prisco's central website
Turing Church website
Turing Church newsletter & podcast
Tendencias21 (a Spanish language online magazine on futurism)
Associazione Italiana Transumanisti (about page)
1957 births
Living people
Businesspeople in information technology
Italian consultants
20th-century Italian physicists
Italian computer scientists
Italian science writers
Italian transhumanists |
4018549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%20process | Miller process | The Miller process is an industrial-scale chemical procedure used to refine gold to a high degree of purity (99.5%). It was patented by Francis Bowyer Miller in 1867. This chemical process involves blowing chlorine gas through molten, but (slightly) impure, gold. Nearly all metal contaminants react to formchlorides but gold does not at these high temperatures. The other metals volatilize or form a low density slag on top of the molten gold.
When all impurities have been removed from the gold (observable by a change in flame color) the gold is removed and processed in the manner required for sale or use. The resulting gold is 99.5% pure, but of lower purity than gold produced by the other common refining method, the Wohlwill process, which produces gold to 99.999% purity.
The Wohlwill process is commonly used for producing high-purity gold, such as in electronics work, where exacting standards of purity are required. When highest purity gold is not required, refiners use the Miller process due to its relative ease, quicker turnaround times, and because it does not tie up the large amount of gold in the form of chloroauric acid which the Wohlwill process permanently requires for the electrolyte.
See also
Gold parting
References
Metallurgical processes
Gold industry |
4018564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawa | Mawa | Mawa may refer to:
Mentoring Artists for Women's Art. This organization encourages and supports the intellectual and creative development of women in the visual arts.
Mawa, Bangladesh
Mawa clawed frog, a species of frog endemic to Cameroon
Mawa Gare, a village and former railway station in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Orang Mawas, a proposed hominid cryptid reported to inhabit the jungle of Johor in Malaysia
Mawa language (Chad),
Mawa language (Nigeria), an unclassified language
Khoa, a milk product also known as Mawa |
4018571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombey | Colombey | Colombey may refer to:
Colombey-les-Belles, Meurthe-et-Moselle, France
Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, Haute-Marne, France, home of Charles de Gaulle
See also
Collombey-Muraz, a municipality in Valais, Switzerland
Battle of Borny–Colombey, 1870 near Metz, part of the Franco–Prussian War |
4018572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Blanchard%20Stowell | Thomas Blanchard Stowell | Thomas Blanchard Stowell (1846–1927) was a distinguished American educator.
Stowell was born on March 29, 1846 in Perry, New York. In 1865, at the age of 19, he graduated from Genesee College (now Syracuse University). He went on to earn a Master's degree in 1868 and a Ph.D. in 1881 from the same institution.
After graduating from college in 1865, he became principal of the Addison Academy in Addison, New York. One year later, he was in charge of the Academic Department of the Union School in Morrisville, New York. The next year he was a professor of mathematics at Genesee Wesleyan Seminary. The year after he was principal of Morris High School in Leavenworth, Kansas.
In 1869 Stowell became the Chair of Natural Sciences at the new (founded 1868) Cortland State Normal School in Cortland, New York, now known as the State University of New York at Cortland. After having just held four jobs in four years, he stayed at Cortland for 20 years.
Stowell left Cortland in 1889 to become the principal of the Potsdam Normal School in Potsdam, New York, now known as the State University of New York at Potsdam. He remained at Potsdam for another 20 years. In 1909 he was awarded an honorary LL.D. from St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York.
In 1909 Stowell left Potsdam to become the founding chair of the new Department of Education in the College of Liberal Arts at the University of Southern California (USC). In 1918 USC established its School of Education, and Stowell became the founding dean of the school.
In addition to his administrative roles, Stowell was also an accomplished scientist. His work included the fields of human and comparative anatomy, microscopy, and comparative neurology. He was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; a charter member of the Association of American Anatomists and a member of their nomenclature committee; and a member of the Microscopy Society of America and American History Association. Stowell was particularly known for his pamphlets on the origin and cranial nerves of the domestic cat. In 1891 he was a contributor to Volume 1 of The Journal of Comparative Neurology.
Thomas Blanchard Stowell retired in 1919 after a career of 54 years in education. The University of Southern California named the Thomas Blanchard Stowell Hall of Education and Stowell Research Library in his honor. In 1963 SUNY Potsdam named its Stowell Hall in his honor.
References
"New Science Building Honors Thomas Blanchard Stowell" Watertown (NY) Times 1964-01-23.
Who's Who in the Pacific Southwest Los Angeles: Times-Mirror Print. & Binding House, 1913, p. 356.
"Honoring the Past, Inventing the Future: USC Celebrates its 125th Anniversary; Rossier School its 110th" UrbanEd: The Magazine of the USC Rossier School of Education Spring/Summer 2005. pp. 40–42.
Haines, D.E. The contributors to volume 1 (1891) of The Journal of Comparative Neurology: C.L. Herrick, C.H. Turner, H.R. Pemberton, B.G. Wilder, F.W. Langdon, C.J. Herrick, C. von Kupffer, O.S. Strong, T.B. Stowell." The Journal of Comparative Neurology 314:9-33, 1991.
People from Wyoming County, New York
American school principals
Schoolteachers from New York (state)
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
1846 births
1927 deaths
State University of New York at Cortland faculty
American scientists |
4018578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Son%20of%20Mine | No Son of Mine | "No Son of Mine" is a song by British rock group Genesis, released as the lead single from their 14th album, We Can't Dance (1991). The song reached 6 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 12 on the US Billboard Hot 100 (the band's first not to enter the top 10 since 1984's "Taking It All Too Hard"). It was also a top-10 hit in several European countries and peaked atop Canada's RPM Top Singles chart for five weeks.
Lyrics and music
The song's lyrics tell the story of a boy who runs away from his abusive home, and—after some reconsideration—attempts to return, only to be rebuked by his father. In interviews, Phil Collins has said that the lyrics are deliberately vague as to whether the narrator or his mother is the victim of the abuse.
The song has a distinctive sound heard during the intro and before the second verse. Referred to by the band as "elephantus", the sound was created by Tony Banks recording Mike Rutherford's guitar with a sampler and then playing three notes on the bottom register of the keyboard, greatly lowering the pitch. The working title of "No Son of Mine" was "Elephantus". The sound is also featured in the opening of the "I Can't Dance" single B-side "On the Shoreline". A similar sound is heard in former Genesis member Peter Gabriel's song "I Grieve", which was released a few years later, on the soundtrack to City of Angels.
The single included the eighth track from We Can't Dance, "Living Forever", as the B-side. The radio edit fades out the song's extended outro a minute in advance and deletes part of the second chorus. The music video makes use of the complete album version.
Music video
The video for this song is melancholic, illustrating the scene in sepia tone. The video depicts what is discussed in the song, which is a conversation between a son and his father. During the last chorus, snowflakes begin appearing flying around the house; eventually, at the end, the scene pulls out to reveal that the scenes of confrontation have taken place in a snow globe that the son is holding.
Live performances
A live version appears on the albums The Way We Walk, Volume One: The Shorts, and Live Over Europe 2007, as well as on their DVDs The Way We Walk - Live in Concert and When in Rome 2007.
Track listings
7-inch and cassette single
"No Son of Mine"
"Living Forever"
12-inch and CD single
"No Son of Mine"
"Living Forever"
"Invisible Touch" (live)
Personnel
Phil Collins – drums, lead and backing vocals
Tony Banks – keyboards
Mike Rutherford – lead, rhythm and bass guitars
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
1990s ballads
1991 singles
1991 songs
Atlantic Records singles
Genesis (band) songs
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Songs about families
Songs written by Mike Rutherford
Songs written by Phil Collins
Songs written by Tony Banks (musician)
Virgin Records singles |
4018582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinic%20for%20Special%20Children | Clinic for Special Children | The Clinic for Special Children (CSC) is a primary pediatric care and gene research clinic located in Strasburg, Pennsylvania. The facility specializes in genetic problems of the plain sects, such as the Amish and Old Order Mennonites. It was founded in 1989. The most common genetic disorders treated by the Clinic are glutaric acidemia type I (GA1), which is common in the Amish population and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), which has a high prevalence in the Old Order Mennonites.
Establishment
The Clinic for Special Children was founded by the Plain community with Dr. D. Holmes Morton and his wife, Caroline in 1989. The clinic building was raised by the Plain community and completed in 1990 while an addition was added in 2000. In addition to patient care facilities, the Clinic also houses its own laboratories, providing rapid biochemical and molecular genetic testing. The Clinic sees over 1,100 active patients and performs about 4,000 biochemical and genetic tests each year.
References
External links
Official site
Genomics in Amish Country
Scientists discover genetic defect responsible for devastating brain disorder among Amish babies
Amish in Pennsylvania |
4018584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivia%20Barash | Olivia Barash | Olivia Barash (born January 11, 1965) is an American actress. She began her career as a child actor, appearing in television series such as Little House on the Prairie, Charlie's Angels, and Soap. She subsequently had a lead role on the short-lived sitcom In the Beginning, which originally aired in 1978. She also had a lead role in the Walt Disney television film Child of Glass (1978). As a young adult, Barash established herself in supporting film roles in Repo Man (1984), Tuff Turf (1985), Patty Hearst (1988), and Floundering (1994).
Biography
Early life and performances
Barash was born January 11, 1965 in Miami, Florida. Barash was raised in New York City, and began acting professionally at age 11. During her early years of acting, singing and dancing in classic musicals on stage in New York, she starred as "Baby June" in Gypsy with Angela Lansbury. She was the first child actress to win the New York Critic's Circle Award. Moving to Hollywood as a teen with her family, she attended Palisades High School in Pacific Palisades, California and graduated in 1982.
Barash appeared in the pilot episode of The Incredible Hulk, aping the famous "flower girl" scene from James Whale's Frankenstein. In this version, she befriends the Hulk, but their friendship is cut short by her hunter father, who shoots the Hulk with a rifle, causing the Hulk to hurl him hundreds of feet into a nearby lake. Barash also appeared as a guest in two episodes of Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman in 1977, and in 1978, was cast in a main role on the sitcom In the Beginning, which followed a conservative Catholic priest and liberal, socially-conscious nun who run a mission in Baltimore; the series ran only five episodes on CBS, though a total of nine were filmed before the series was canceled. The same year, she starred in the Walt Disney television film Child of Glass, in which she portrayed the ghost of a young girl murdered during the Antebellum era.
Later career
In 1984, Barash appeared in Repo Man, in which she had a supporting role playing a UFO cultist. The following year, she appeared opposite Robert Downey, Jr., James Spader and Kim Richards in the teen drama Tuff Turf (1985). In 1987, Barash had a main supporting role in the television series Fame, playing Maxie Sharp. In 1988, she had a supporting role in Paul Schrader's biopic Patty Hearst.
In 1990, Oliver Stone wrote Barash into The Doors portraying a folksinger on the Sunset Strip, performing her original song, Who's Walking Away published by It's True You Boys Music (BMI).
Barash went on to sign to Warner Chappell Music as a songwriter/artist in 1992. Her focus shifted to recording and playing her music through the nineties and into this century.
Now getting back into film and television.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
American film actresses
American child actresses
American musical theatre actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Actresses from Miami
Actresses from New York City
1965 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses |
4018590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20State%20Route%20300 | Georgia State Route 300 | State Route 300 (SR 300, also called the Georgia–Florida Parkway), is a state highway in the southern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. Its southern terminus is at the Florida state line south-southeast of Thomasville, where the roadway continues as US 19/SR 57. This is also the southern terminus of SR 3, with which US 19 and SR 300 travel concurrently through the southern part of the state. Its northern terminus is at Interstate 75 (I-75) in Cordele.
This is the second state route in Georgia to carry the SR 300 designation. The earlier one, in a different part of the state, was much shorter, traveling from Monticello to a point northeast of Monticello (and about north of Eatonton), and existed from the 1960s to the 1980s.
Route description
Florida to Albany
SR 300 begins at the Florida state line, where it is concurrent with US 19. On the Florida side of the state line, US 19 is concurrent with Florida State Road 57 (SR 57, which is unsigned), and is known as the Florida–Georgia Parkway. At the state line, SR 3 and SR 300 begin. US 19/SR 3/SR 300 head northwest until they enter Thomasville. In the city, they intersect US 84/SR 38, which head east to Valdosta. Here, they join the concurrency. Also, this intersection marks the eastern terminus of US 84 Business/SR 38 Business. Farther to the northwest, the five routes intersect US 319/SR 35, where US 84/SR 38 depart to the west, along with SR 3 Alternate (SR 3 Alt.). In Meigs, SR 111 intersects the concurrency, along with the northern terminus of SR 3 Alt. In Camilla, the highways have intersections with SR 37 and SR 112, and curve to make a slight jog to the northeast until they reach Albany.
Albany to Cordele
Most of the route of SR 300 in Albany is on the Liberty Expressway, a freeway-grade bypass of the city's downtown to the northeast. In the southeastern part of the city is an intersection with SR 133, which joins the concurrency, and the eastern terminus of SR 234. Nearly later, the concurrency intersects US 19 Bus./US 82 Bus./SR 520 Bus., where US 19 Bus. has its southern terminus. Slightly later is US 82/SR 520. They join the US 19/SR 3/SR 133 concurrency, while US 82/SR 300/SR 520 head east for just over , where SR 300 splits off to the northeast. It travels through rural areas until it reaches the Cordele area. Just before entering Cordele proper is SR 300 Connector and US 41/SR 7. Upon entering Cordele, the route meets its northern terminus, an interchange with I-75.
History
1920s
The roadway that would eventually become the current SR 300 was established in 1920 as SR 3 from Thomasville to Albany, via Camilla. By October 1926, nearly all of the aforementioned route was paved. By October 1929, SR 3 was extended southwest to where US 319 currently crosses the state line. US 19 was designated along this route to Thomasville, and then its current route from Thomasville to Albany. SR 35 was designated along a portion of highway that is the current route of US 19 from the Florida state line to Thomasville.
1930s
By 1935, nearly all of the northern half of the section of SR 35 between the Florida state line and Thomasville was paved. Prior to the beginning of 1936, nearly all of that section of SR 35 was paved. By July, the rest of that section was paved. In March 1937, the section of SR 300 that currently travels from Albany to Cordele was established as a northern extension of SR 133. By October the routings of the portions of US 19 southwest of Thomasville was shifted to its current routing, while SR 3 stayed on its original routing. The following August, a small portion of SR 133 southwest of Cordele was paved.
1940s
By 1944, a very brief section of SR 133 northeast of Albany was paved. In early 1946, approximately half of the length of SR 133 between Warwick and Cordele was paved. In early 1948, all of SR 133 was redesignated as SR 257. The section of SR 257 from Albany to the intersection with SR 32 and the section from Lake Blackshear to Cordele were paved. In 1950, nearly all of SR 257 was paved.
1950s to 1980s
By 1952, the entire roadway that would eventually become SR 300 was paved. A section of the highway from Albany to Cordele was proposed as Interstate 175 and then cancelled, but in early 1982, the Georgia–Florida Parkway was approved to be designated along the entire stretch of what is now SR 300. By the next year, all of SR 257 was redesignated as SR 300 and the designation was applied to the rest of its current route. Later that year, the routings of SR 3 and SR 35 south of Thomasville were swapped.
Major intersections
Cordele connector route
State Route 300 Connector (SR 300 Conn.) is a connector route of the SR 300 mainline that exists entirely within Crisp County. It follows Old Albany Highway from an intersection with SR 300 southwest of Cordele and travels northeast until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with US 280/SR 30 west of the city.
See also
References
External links
Georgia Roads (Routes 281 - 300)
Georgia State Route 300 on State-Ends.com
Interstate 175 Georgia on Kurumi.com
300
Transportation in Thomas County, Georgia
Transportation in Mitchell County, Georgia
Transportation in Dougherty County, Georgia
Transportation in Worth County, Georgia
Transportation in Crisp County, Georgia |
4018606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show%20Me%20Your%20Soul | Show Me Your Soul | "Show Me Your Soul" is a song by the funk rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers that was recorded in 1990 and produced by John Norwood Fisher of Fishbone and features Billy Preston on keyboard. It was not, as is commonly believed, recorded during the Mother's Milk sessions. However, it was recorded during the first part of the Mother's Milk tour. "Show Me Your Soul" was recorded for the soundtrack of the film Pretty Woman, and was shortly after released as the B-side to "Taste the Pain" in the US and UK. In Australia, it appeared as the B-side to the belated 1990 release of "Knock Me Down". Both singles credit the song as coming from the Pretty Woman soundtrack. A promo only single was released to promote the soundtrack and it is thought that it was meant to be a full single until a last minute change of plan. This peaked at number ten on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. The track was later included as the sole exclusive track on the 1992 compilation album What Hits!?.
There was a music video made for the song, which features the band in front of a Bluescreen. The video was directed by Bill Stobaugh, and edited by Scott C. Wilson. It was released on February 14, 1990 and also appears on the What Hits!? VHS/DVD and the 1993 Beavis and Butt-Head episode "Sign Here".
The song has never been performed live by the band, although they did once lip sync it for "Save the Planet", a TV special on April 4, 1990.
Track listing
12" radio promo single (1990)
"Show Me Your Soul"
CD promo single (1990)
"Show Me Your Soul"
Charts
Personnel
Red Hot Chili Peppers
Anthony Kiedis - lead vocals
Flea - bass, backing vocals
John Frusciante - guitar, backing vocals
Chad Smith - drums
Additional musicians
Billy Preston - keyboards
References
Red Hot Chili Peppers songs
1990 singles
Songs written for films
Songs written by Flea (musician)
Songs written by John Frusciante
Songs written by Anthony Kiedis
Songs written by Chad Smith
1990 songs |
4018617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford%20High%20School%2C%20Bedfordshire | Bedford High School, Bedfordshire | Bedford High School for Girls was an independent school for pupils aged 7 to 18 in Bedford, England. It was one of a number of schools run by the Harpur Trust. The school was located on its original site in Harpur ward, near the centre of Bedford, until its closure in 2012. In September 2010 the junior department of the school merged with the junior department of Dame Alice Harpur School. From September 2011 to September 2012 the senior schools also merged, the new school is known as Bedford Girls' School.
History
The school was opened on May 8, 1882. It was built on the site of former Harpur Trust cottage almshouses. Under the early headmistresses Miss Belcher, Miss Collier, Miss Tanner and Katharine Westaway the school expanded enormously. In 1924 Miss Tanner moved to Roedean School and she was replaced by Miss Westaway who was a classicist.
New school buildings encroached on the nearby houses of Adelaide Square and The Crescent, but never blocking the view of the fine Victorian architecture of the main building from Bromham Road. The original school at first housed both the "High and Modern School for Girls". Each school had its own half of the building, but by the end of the century the Modern School moved to premises of its own in the centre of the town, and in 1938 to its present site near the river where, from 1946, it became known as Dame Alice Harpur School.
The High School underwent many extensions and additions to its buildings. The Junior School acquired a new wing in 1896, and remained there until moving into a building in Adelaide Square in 1985. In the 1890s the Main Hall was extended out towards the road so that it became T shaped. It also obtained a pipe organ built by Norman and Beard of Norwich which was used for daily assemblies. Other notable changes included the gym built in 1931 which became a theatre, the acquisition of the former Trinity Church which was converted into a dining hall with classrooms above in 1981 and, most recently, in 2005, the new sports and performing arts complex with many facilities including a 25 x 13 m swimming pool.
At first the morning register was called in the hall after assembly, but soon the numbers had exceeded 100 and so registers were taken in the form rooms. By the turn of the century the numbers were above 600, at which level they stabilised until the late seventies when again they grew, reaching around a thousand in the eighties.
Sport in the early years of the school consisted of drill given by a sergeant. The gymnastic dress was made of heavy thick blue serge with a light blue sailor collar. Games only began when an asphalt tennis court was laid down in what became the playground. In 1900 the school acquired the field which is where the girls went to play games. The flourishing of a lively PE department owed much to the vision of PE teacher Miss Stansfeld (BHS 1887-1918). Before its closure, the school had 22 acres (89,000 m²) of games field and a spa centre ('the Canary Cage'), formally opened in 2005 by past pupil Dr Stephanie Cook OBE, (Olympic gold champion and World Champion in the modern pentathlon).
Music, Dance and Drama always played a large part in school life: "Miss Belcher was keen on music, and arranged for five pianos to be placed in a large room, each enclosed in as many glass cases, and just big enough for a pupil and a music teacher. In this way, it was said, the girls would be able to practise in school without disturbing one another! It probably had more to do with making it possible for one mistress to chaperone the girls with their music masters. Mr Bond-Andrews, the piano teacher, would have none of it: he dragged the first piano out of its glass case, wishing with all his heart for it to be suffocated. Dr Harding was in charge of music for four decades: designing the new organ, and building up a music department with excellent orchestras and choirs. Today there are still those who remember the dreaded Miss Joyce Harding, his daughter, who trained the choirs, and auditioned all junior girls at the beginning of each year. Those who could not sing in tune were labelled "ghosties" and were only allowed to mouth!" This tradition of mouthing continued to the closure of the school. Musical alumnae include the soprano Agnes Nicholls (Lady Hamilton Harty), the clarinetist Dame Thea King, and more recently the soprano Alison Buchanan and cellist Naomi Williams.
Royalty have visited the school on two occasions. King George V and Queen Mary paid a visit in 1918 and they complimented Miss Collie on the way the girls curtsied, and Dr Harding on the way they sang "God Save the King". On another occasion, in 1942, they sang the Yugoslavian national anthem. This was for the visit of Queen Marie of Yugoslavia. A governor was heard to remark afterwards how clever the choir were to learn it in such a short time, and in a foreign language. They had, in fact, been singing the song in English.
From the start in 1882 hymns were sung every day, accompanied by the piano and then, from 1898, on Mr William's organ. Girls always kneeled for prayers, even in the early 1960s when on one occasion a girl in the front row of the gallery knelt down rather quickly, thrusting her head between the vertical wooden railings where it got stuck! A railing had to be sawn through in order to free her. A bible reading, a hymn and a chanted psalm were mandatory until the 1980s when psalm singing went out of fashion. Hymns were still sung regularly, and assemblies were always centred on enforcing the religion of Christianity, or school matters such as the correct way to wear uniform.
Later history
Before closure about ten percent of the girls attending the school were boarders, living in four boarding houses: Wimborne Grange, The Quantocks, Westlands and The Chilterns. Many day girls travelled quite long journeys to the school. Girls studied for GCSEs and A levels as well as the International Baccalaureate. In the last years the school took on a very multicultural character, reflected not just in the English language support given to the international students and the variety of Language A levels taken, but also in the social life: linguistic assemblies and fundraising days in which girls were sponsored for a variety of things, such as speaking all day in a language other than their mother tongue. In the sports department girls frequently competed at county and national levels, and the hockey and lacrosse teams travelled to the Netherlands, Canada, Australia, and Prague. In the music department tuition was offered in all orchestral instruments, keyboard, guitar, piano, recorder, percussion, and singing, and there were choirs and orchestras.
The last school uniform consisted of a traditional Scottish kilt in school tartan, a green or navy blue jumper and a white shirt with a small green eagle representative of the Harpur Trust sewn into the collar.
Merger
In July 2009 the Harpur Trust announced its intention to merge Bedford High School with Dame Alice Harpur School, because the schools had seen a drop in pupil numbers over the years: In 1990 more than 2,000 girls were on the rolls of the two schools, but in 2009 there were only 1,500. In November 2009 it was announced that the new merged school would be called Bedford Girls' School, and would be located on the current site of Dame Alice Harpur School. The junior department of the new school opened in September 2010, when the junior schools of Bedford High and Dame Alice Harper merged on the Cardington Road site. The senior department of Bedford High School started to transfer to the new school in September 2011, with the full merger, including the sixth form department completed in September 2012.
In September 2012, Bedford College leased most of the site of the former Bedford High School for a campus in the north of Bedford town centre. The college later bought the old main school buildings, Trinity Church, and the Sports and Performing Arts (SPA) complex from owners, the Harpur Trust in March 2014. The college does not occupy the neighbouring accommodation such as former houses in Adelaide Square that were used by the school. The Bedford Sixth Form (which is Bedford College’s branding of its sixth form provision) now occupies the campus and the SPA complex runs under Trinity Arts & Leisure, managed by Bedford College Services Ltd.
Headmistresses
1882-1882 Mrs A McDowall (d.1882)
1883-1898 Miss M Belcher (d.1898)
1899-1919 Miss Susan Collie
1920-1924 Miss E Tanner
1924-1949 Miss K Westaway
1949-1965 Miss M Watkins
1965-1976 Miss E Wallen
1976-1987 Mrs A Kaye
1987-1994 Miss D Otter (became Mrs D Willis)
1994-1995 Miss M Churm
1995-2000 Mrs B Stanley
2000-2006 Mrs G Piotrowska
2006–2012 Mrs J. Eldridge (was Mrs J. Pendry)
Exploits of Old Girls in wartime
Headmistress Katharine Westaway wrote a book detailing the activities and difficulties of old girls during World War II. So many of them did work that would have astounded previous generations: she quotes
"What do you mean to do when you leave school?"
"I am joining the A.T.S."
"What will you do there?"
"I want to be a gunner."
Many of the girls joined the services: three joined the Air Transport Auxiliary: "These women used to check over the aeroplanes when they left the factories, certify them, and ferry them to the aerodromes from which they were to work, so they needed a theoretical and a practical knowledge of a very high order..."
Some of the girls were resident in the Far East and were subject to the horrors of war: their husbands became prisoners of war of the Japanese, or were killed, or they themselves were interned.
Many of the girls were at home, and even they were subject to bombing, in many cases being bombed out of their houses. They took on new duties in civilian life in support of the war effort; notable were those old girls whose administrative skills were put to work in arranging the evacuation of children, involving encouraging support from sometimes reluctant householders.
Notable former pupils
Dora Carrington, painter and member of the Bloomsbury Group
Gladys Chatterjee, Lady Chatterjee, educator and barrister
Stephanie Cook, pentathlete
Jocasta Innes, author
Sarah Pinborough, author
Thea King, clarinetist
May McKisack, historian
Dora Metcalf, entrepreneur, engineer and mathematician
Agnes Nicholls, operatic soprano
Margaret Partridge (1891–1967), electrical engineer
Rosemary Rapaport, violinist
Ethel Shakespear, geologist
The Other Bedford High School
There is another school of the same name, but that is co-ed, and in Wigan.
References
A History of Bedford High School ed. K.M.Westaway; F.R.Hockliffe(1932)
A History of Bedford High School ed K.M. Westaway; Bedford(1957)
A Century of Challenge: Bedford High School 1882 to 1982;
External links
Official Bedford High School website
Defunct schools in the Borough of Bedford
Girls' schools in Bedfordshire
Educational institutions established in 1882
Educational institutions disestablished in 2012
Boarding schools in Bedfordshire
1882 establishments in England
2012 disestablishments in England
Defunct girls' schools in the United Kingdom
Defunct boarding schools in England |
4018626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efr%C3%A9n%20P%C3%A9rez%20Rivera | Efrén Pérez Rivera | Efrén Pérez Rivera (March 10, 1929 – May 15, 2011) was a Puerto Rican environmentalist leader and college professor. He got married at the age of 28 with Pezinka Berenguer, till the day he died. He had three children with her, Efrén Pérez Berenguer, Manuel Pérez Berenguer, and José Luis Pérez Berenguer
Biography
Efrén Pérez Rivera was born on March 10, 1929, at Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, where he lived during his first years. At the age of four, he moved with his family to Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico. He attended the College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (known today as the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez), obtaining a bachelor's degree in biology in 1952. Pérez later became a professor of biology and chemistry at the Peñuelas High School.
Pérez did his obligatory military service in the U.S. Army during the Korean War, during which he was stationed in Hawaii.
In 1953, he worked at the Agricultural Experimental Station at both Isabela and Lajas. He later obtained a master's degree in environmental health from the Tropical School of Medicine at San Juan.
Community involvement
During the 1960s, Pérez became a member of Cabo Rojo's Credit and Savings Cooperative( Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito de Cabo Rojo) and joined its Education Committee. As a member of this committee, he visited the communities of Cabo Rojo and worked to make the public aware of the philosophy and advantages of the cooperative movement. Also, he was the president of the Supervision Committee. During the first half of the 1970s, he worked in the Cooperative Development Administration. In December 1977 he obtained a master's degree in Horticulture from the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. He then went on to become a professor in the College of Agricultural Science from that institution. During this time, he also took an active role in the organization of Cabo Rojo's Cooperative Pharmacy (Farmacia Cooperativa de Cabo Rojo) and became the president of its board of directors.
In 1983 he became the president of the Puerto Rican Independence Party's (PIP) Cabo Rojo committee. In 1988, under his presidency, the party obtained the largest percentage of local votes for the governor's seat in the history of Cabo Rojo (11.2%). He also obtained the largest percentage of votes for a district representative seat, compared with the rest of his fellow candidates.
His knowledge and convictions led him to join the environmental crusades against the Adjuntas copper mines, the construction of Club Med in Guánica, the installation of a Voice of America transmitter in Cabo Rojo, the construction of the Cogentrix carbon-based electrical plant in Mayagüez, amongst others.
In 1990 Pérez organized Caborrojeños Pro Salud y Ambiente This organization was designed to encourage and promote the well-being, the conservation of natural resources and the sustainable economic development of the Cabo Rojo region. Caborrojeños pro Salud y Ambiente along with United States Fish and Wildlife Service were the primary promoters of a research and visitors center located at the Cabo Rojo salt mines. The center is named Centro Intepretativo Las Salinas De Cabo Rojo don Efrén Pérez Rivera in his honor.
In a joint venture with the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, the committee had a major role in the restoration project of Isla de Ratones, a small key by the coast of Cabo Rojo that is rapidly losing its surface area due to erosion. Pérez has occupied the presidency of Caborrojeños pro Salud y Ambiente several times from its inception through 2005 when he was succeeded by fellow professor Pedro Valle Carlo. Pérez died on May 15, 2011.
Awards and recognitions
Pérez has been recognized by several institutions and organization for his civic work and pro-environment values. Some of the institutions and organizations that have recognized his work are:
The University of Puerto Rico
The Ana G. Mendez University System
Jornada de Betances
Cooperativa de Ahorro y Credito de Cabo Rojo
Farmacia Cooperativa de Cabo Rojo
The municipal government of Cabo Rojo
The Puerto Rico Tourism Company
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Pérez has also received several awards, including:
1999 - Public Awareness Award, Conferencia de Bosque de Puerto Rico
2000 - Environmental Award, Universidad Interamericana of San Germán
2003 - Environmental Quality Award, Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.)
2005 - Named part of the E.P.A.'s Environmental Justice Advisory Council
See also
List of Puerto Ricans
References
External links
Bio Page at Pro Ambiente Puerto Rico (In Spanish)''
1929 births
2011 deaths
Puerto Rican scientists
People from Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
United States Army soldiers |
4018641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen%20Concept%20R | Volkswagen Concept R | The Volkswagen Concept R is a concept car developed by the German automaker Volkswagen and officially unveiled at the September 2003 Frankfurt Auto Show. It is a study of a sporty two seat roadster, with mid-engine and rear wheel drive. The Concept R is powered by a V6 3.2 L FSI petrol engine developing a maximum output of at 6,250 rpm and of torque at 2,800 rpm.
It is strong enough to accelerate the car from 0 to 100 km/h in 5.3 seconds, and make it reach the electronically limited top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). Without the speed governor, the car would be even able to reach the top speed of 270 km/h (167 mph). The power is transferred to the road via a six speed direct-shift gearbox.
The designer team for this concept was led by Murat Günak and Peter Schreyer, and broke the ground for the Volkswagen brand in developing the roadster vehicle. At of length, of width and of height, the Concept R roadster has almost the same length and width as the fifth generation Volkswagen Golf hatchback, on whose platform it has been built.
The concept has some interesting design features such as the Volkswagen logo, which is generated digitally by a display and begins to pulsate in the so-called OLED screen when the driver turns on the ignition. When the ignition is activated, the pulse stops.
Also, its seats are not adjustable in any way and the driver must electrically move the polished metal information block of the instrument panel, including the steering wheel and pedal cluster back or forth to find the correct seating position. For the first time in a sports car, the seats are filled with active foam which adapts to the body shape of the driver and passenger.
At a press dinner held during the 2005 North American International Auto Show, Bernd Pischetsrieder, the chairman of the Volkswagen Group, confirmed that Volkswagen intended to build a production vehicle similar to this concept. As of , no production model has appeared, however another, similar, concept car, the Volkswagen Concept BlueSport, was unveiled at the 2009 North American International Auto Show.
External links and references
RSportsCars.com - with story and both exterior and interior pictures
Dr. Pischetsrieder confirms Concept R production - from VWvortex
Concept R |
4018649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanyderidae | Tanyderidae | Tanyderidae, sometimes called primitive crane flies, are long, thin, delicate flies with spotted wings, superficially similar in appearance to some Tipulidae, Trichoceridae, and Ptychopteridae. Most species are restricted in distribution. They are found in many parts of the world, including North America, South America, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and various islands in the Pacific Ocean. Adults are usually found hanging from vegetation near streams. Larvae are found either in sandy stream margins or in wet, rotten wood. Fossil species are known.
Taxonomy
Based on
Nannotanyderinae
†Coramus
Coramus gedanensis Baltic amber, Eocene 37.2 - 33.9 Ma
†Dacochile Poinar & Brown, 2004
Dacochile microsoma, Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian, 99 Ma
†Nannotanyderus
Nannotanyderus ansorgei Lebanese amber, Barremian, 130-125 Ma
Nannotanyderus grimmenensis "Green Series", Germany, Toarcian 183 - 182 Ma
Nannotanyderus incertus Shar-Teg, Mongolia, Tithonian, 150.8 - 145.5 Ma
Nannotanyderus krzeminskii "Green Series", Germany, Toarcian, 183 - 182 Ma
Nannotanyderus kubekovensis Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan Callovian/Oxfordian 164.7 - 155.7 Ma
Nannotanyderus oliviae Charmouth Mudstone Formation, United Kingdom, Sinemurian, 196.5 - 189.6 Ma
Peringueyomyina
Peringueyomyina barnardi South Africa
Tanyderinae
†Espanoderus
Espanoderus barbarae Alava amber (Escucha Formation), Spain, Albian 105.3 - 99.7 Ma
Espanoderus orientalis Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian, 99 Ma
†Similinannotanyderus
Similinannotanyderus lii Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian, 99 Ma
Similinannotanyderus longitergata Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian, 99 Ma
Similinannotanyderus zbigniewi Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian, 99 Ma
†Macrochile
Macrochile spectrum Baltic amber, Eocene 37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Macrochile hornei Baltic amber, Eocene 37.2 - 33.9 Ma
†Podemacrochile
Podemacrochile baltica Baltic amber, Eocene 37.2 - 33.9 Ma
†Praemacrochile
Praemacrochile ansorgei Daohugou, China, Karabastau Formation, Shar-Teg Middle-Late Jurassic 164.7 to 145.5 Ma
Praemacrochile chinensis Daohugou, China, Callovian/Oxfordian ~ 160 Ma
Praemacrochile decipiens Posidonia Shale, Germany, Toarcian 183.0 to 182.0 Ma
Praemacrochile dobbertinensis, "Green Series", Germany, Toarcian 183.0 to 182.0 Ma
Praemacrochile dryasis Daohugou, China, Callovian/Oxfordian ~ 160 Ma
Praemacrochile kaluginae Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan Callovian/Oxfordian 164.7 to 155.7 Ma
Praemacrochile ovalum Daohugou, China, Callovian/Oxfordian ~ 160 Ma
Praemacrochile stackelbergi Ichetuy Formation, Russia, Oxfordian 159-156 Ma
Protanyderus (extinct) Note: Lukashevich (2018) considers the assignation of these species to the living genus to be "in doubt" due to differing morphological characters
Protanyderus astictum Daohugou, China, Callovian/Oxfordian ~ 160 Ma
Protanyderus invalidus Itat Formation, Russia, Bajocian-Bathonian 171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Protanyderus mesozoicus Tsagaantsav Formation, Mongolia, Barremian, 130-125 Ma
Protanyderus nebulosus Shar-Teg, Mongolia, Tithonian, 150.8 - 145.5 Ma
Protanyderus savtchenkoi Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan Callovian/Oxfordian 164.7 to 155.7 Ma
Protanyderus senilis Shar-Teg, Mongolia, Tithonian, 150.8 - 145.5 Ma
Protanyderus vetus Shar-Teg, Mongolia, Tithonian, 150.8 - 145.5 Ma
Protanyderus vulcanium Daohugou, China, Callovian/Oxfordian ~ 160 Ma
Araucoderus
Araucoderus gloriosus, Chile
Eutanyderus
Eutanyderus oreonympha Australia
Eutanyderus wilsoni Australia
Mischoderus
Mischoderus annuliferus (Hutton, 1901), New Zealand
Mischoderus forcipatus (Osten Sacken, 1880) New Zealand
Mischoderus marginatus (Edwards 1923), New Zealand
Mischoderus neptunus (Edwards 1923), New Zealand
Mischoderus varipes (Edwards 1923), New Zealand
Neoderus
Neoderus chonos Chile
Neoderus patagonicus Chile
Nothoderus
Nothoderus australiensis Tasmania
Protoplasa
Protoplasa fitchii, United States
Protanyderus (extant) Note: Villanueva (2017) considers Protanyderus to be a junior synonym of Protoplasa
Protanyderus alexanderi Kariya 1935 Japan (Shimajima-Dani)
Protanyderus beckeri (Riedel), 1920. Turkestan (Osch-Fergana)
Protanyderus esakii Alexander 1932 . Japan (Kyushu)
Protanyderus margarita Alexander 1948 USA (Rocky Mountains).
Protanyderus redeli Savchenko 1974 USSR (Gissar Range).
Protanyderus schmidi Alexander 1959 India (Uttar Pradesh)
Protanyderus sikkimensis Alexander 1961 India (Ramtang).
Protanyderus stackelbergi Savchenko 1971 Mongolia (Gatsur)
Protanyderus vanduzeei (Alexander 1918) USA (California).
Protanyderus venustipes Alexander 1961 India (Ramtang).
Protanyderus vipio (Osten Sacken 1877) USA (California).
Protanyderus yankovskyi Alexnder 1938 North Korea
Radinoderus
Radinoderus caledoniana Hynes, 1993 (New Caledonia)
Radinoderus dorrigensis Alexander, 1930. Australia (New South Wales).
Radinoderus holwai Alexander, 1946. Solomon Islands.
Radinoderus mirabilis (De Meijere), 1915a. Papua New Guinea.
Radinoderus occidentalis (Alexander), 1925. Australia (West Australia).
Radinoderus ochroceratus Colless, 1962. Papua New Guinea (Bouganville Island).
Radinoderus oculatus (Riedel), 1921. Papua New Guinea (PNG)
Radinoderus ornatissimus (Doleschall), 1858. Indonesia (Maluku).
Radinoderus pictipes Alexander, 1946. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).
Radinoderus solomonis (Alexander), 1924. Solomon Islands.
Radinoderus supernumerarius Alexander, 1953. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).
Radinoderus terrae-reginae (Alexander), 1924. Australia (Queensland)
Radinoderus toxopei Alexander, 1959a. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).
Tanyderus
Tanyderus pictus Philippi 1865 Chile, Concepcion
References
Borror, D.J., C.A. Triplehorn, & N.A. Johnson. 1989. An Introduction to the Study of Insects, Sixth edition. Saunders College Publishing.
Krzeminski, W. & D.D. Judd. 1997. Family Tanyderidae. Pp. 281–289, in: Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera, Vol.2. L. Papp & B. Darvas, eds. Science Herald, Budapest.
Poinar, G., Jr. & A.E. Brown. 2004. A New genus of primitive crane flies (Diptera: Tanyderidae) in Cretaceous Burmese amber, with a summary of fossil tanyderids. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 106: 339–345.
External links
Images at BugGuide
Nematocera families
Psychodomorpha |
4018663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immaculate%20Conception%20High%20School%20%28Lodi%2C%20New%20Jersey%29 | Immaculate Conception High School (Lodi, New Jersey) | Immaculate Conception High School (ICHS) is an American private, Roman Catholic, all-girls college-preparatory high school located in Lodi, in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The school operates under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. The school was founded in 1915 by the Felician Sisters. ICHS has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1961.
As of the 2019–20 school year, the school had an enrollment of 145 students and 17.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.1:1. The school's student body was 62.1% (90) White, 26.2% (38) Hispanic, 10.3% (15) Black and 1.4% (2) Asian. Average class size is 15 students. The administration, faculty and staff consist of three Felician Sisters, 19 women, and 8 men. About 98% of seniors pursue higher education.
History
Established in 1915, the school was granted approval by the state in November 1923 to operate as a secondary school. Constructed at a cost of $1 million (equivalent to $ million in ), Newark Diocese Archbishop Thomas Aloysius Boland officiated at ceremonies in September 1957 dedicating the new school, which had a student body of 500, including an incoming ninth grade class of nearly 150.
Athletics
The Immaculate Conception High School Blue Wolves participate in the North Jersey Interscholastic Conference, which is comprised of small-enrollment schools in Bergen, Hudson County, Morris County and Passaic County counties, and was created following a reorganization of sports leagues in Northern New Jersey by the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA). Prior to league realignment that took effect in the fall of 2010, Immaculate Conception was part of the smaller Bergen-Passaic Scholastic League (BPSL). With 320 students in grades 10-12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2019–20 school year as Non-Public B for most athletic competition purposes, which included schools with an enrollment of 37 to 366 students in that grade range (equivalent to Group I for public schools).
Sports offered include soccer, volleyball, tennis, cross country, basketball, softball, cheerleading, swimming and track.
Athletic accomplishments:
2004 Bowling Team: State Tournament Non-Public B sectionals
2005-06 Basketball Team: 2nd Place BPSL Carpenter, County Tournament, State Tournament Non-Public B semifinalist
2006 Softball Team: 2nd Place BPSL Carpenter, County Tournament, State Tournament Non-Public B semifinalist
2006-07 Basketball Team: 1st Place BPSL Carpenter, County Tournament, State Tournament Non-Public B finalist
Softball
The team won the Non-Public B state championship each year from 2013–2019. The seven consecutive titles are the longest streak in the state and the seven state titles are tied for fifth among all programs in New Jersey.
The softball team won its first state championship in 2013, defeating Sacred Heart High School by a score of 6–4 in the tournament final; Sacred Heart had defeated Immaculate Conception by a 3–1 score in the finals the previous season and was playing its final softball game before the school's closure at the end of the 2012–13 school year.
The team repeated as Non-Public B champion in 2014, with a 5–0 win against St. Joseph High School (Hammonton) in the final game of the tournament, finishing with a 27–2 record for the season.
The team won their third consecutive title in 2015 with a 2–1 win in a rematch against St. Joseph, coming from behind to win the tournament final by scoring one run in the bottom of the sixth inning and a walk-off run on a single with one out in the seventh, finishing the season with a 22–5 record.
In a game that marked Jeff Horohonich's 600th career victory as a coach, the team won its fourth title with a 3–0 win against Benedictine Academy in the 2016 final, to finish the season with a 20–9 record and become the third program to win four straight group titles.
In 2017, the softball team won the Non-Public B championship, defeating Wildwood Catholic High School by a score of 8–2 in the tournament final; the win was the program's fifth consecutive Non-Public B title, setting a state record for consecutive softball state group championships. The team advanced to the inaugural New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association softball Tournament of Champions and made it to the final, where the team lost by a score of 7–6 in extra innings against Immaculate Heart Academy in the tournament final.
In 2018, after winning the program's sixth consecutive Non-Public B title with a 3-0 win against Wildwood Catholic, the team came into the state Tournament of Champions as the sixth and lowest seeded, and won the quarterfinals against third-seed North Hunterdon High School by a score 5-3 and second-seed Robbinsville High School in the semis by 12-2 before losing in the finals by a score of 9–0 to fourth-seed Steinert High School.
The team won its seventh straight Non-Public B state championship in 2019 with a 4-0 win against St. Joseph High School in the playoff finals.
Clubs
Clubs offered include: Student Council, National Honor Society, Rho Kappa National Honor Society, National English Honor Society, Mu Alpha Theta Math Honor Society, Spanish Honor Society, Ambassadors, Art Club, Yearbook, Vocal Ensemble, Dance Club, Adoration Club, Spiritual Book Club, Book Club, Choir, Knitting and Crocheting Club, Music Appreciation Club, Literary Magazine, Fitness Club, Math League, Photography Club
Musical theatre
ICHS performs a musical once a year in the spring.
Past Shows:
1992 - The Unsinkable Molly Brown
1993 - Cinderella
1994 - Bye Bye Birdie
1995 - The Music Man
1997 - Grease
1998 - West Side Story
1999 - Guys and Dolls
2000 - Anything Goes
2002 - Grease
2003 - Everything's Coming Up Broadway (Broadway Review)
2004 - Godspell
2005 - Once on This Island
2006 - Bye Bye Birdie
2007 - Grease
2008 - Annie
2009 - Footloose
2010 - Little Shop of Horrors
2011 - Seussical
2012 - 20 years of Drama and Music at Immaculate Conception High School" (Broadway Review)
2013 - West Side Story2014 - Into the Woods2015 - Anything Goes2016 - Beauty and the Beast2017 - The Little Mermaid2018 - 42nd Street2019 - Shrek The Musical Fall Drama
ICHS has recently revived its annual fall drama.
Past Shows:
1995- You Can't Take It With You1996- Steel Magnolias1997- Arsenic and Old Lace1998- Marvin's Room2011- Little Women2012- Murder Mystery2013- Anne of Green Gables2014- The Wizard of Oz2015- 12 Angry Jurors2016- Aesop's (Oh So Slightly) Updated Fables 2017- Murders in the Heir 2018- A Seussified Christmas Carol 2019- The Best Christmas Pageant Ever Notable alumni
Rachel Zegler (born 2001, class of 2019), actress starring in Steven Spielberg's film adaptation of West Side Story''.
References
External links
Immaculate Conception High School website
Data for Immaculate Conception High School, National Center for Education Statistics
1915 establishments in New Jersey
Educational institutions established in 1915
Girls' schools in New Jersey
Lodi, New Jersey
Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools
Private high schools in Bergen County, New Jersey
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark
Catholic secondary schools in New Jersey |
4018666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seghill | Seghill | Seghill is a large village located on the Northumberland border which is the county boundary between Northumberland and Tyne and Wear. Seghill is situated between the villages of Seaton Delaval and Annitsford, about north of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Governance
Seghill is part of the Seghill with Seaton Delaval ward. Margaret Richards (Labour) is the sitting County councillor. There are three parish councillors which represent the ward, Simon Heartland (Conservative), Daniel Nesbitt (Labour), and Stephen Stanners (Labour).
Economy
Seghill used to be a busy pit village within the Northumberland Coalfield. Seghill Colliery was closed during the so-called Robens era, on 28 September 1962. The folk song "Blackleg Miner" originates from the area and contains the lyric:
Divint gan near the Seghill mine
Across the way, they stretch a line
To catch the throat and break the spine
Of the dirty blackleg miner.
The song was written during the 1844 lockout of coal miners. Many of the striking miners were evicted from their homes in Seghill during this dispute. Thomas Burt wrote of the situation:
the very magnitude of the evictions, extending over nearly the whole of the mining districts of Northumberland and Durham, made it impossible to find house accommodation for a twentieth part of the evicted. Scores of the Seghill families camped out by the roadside between that village and the Avenue Head.
Transport
Seghill served by a railway station but it was closed in November 1964 along with the rest of the passenger services on the Blyth & Tyne route north of Backworth. It still has a level crossing which sees the occasional goods train.
Education
There are two schools in Seghill: Seghill First School is a small first school which covers Reception to Year 4 and is run by Northumberland County Council. There is also Atkinson House EBD School.
Sports
On Seghill Welfare Field Seghill Rugby and Football Club regularly practice on Saturday and Sunday mornings. The Annual Gala and Fair is held on the Welfare Field. It is a chance for the whole village to enjoy an otherwise normal day. It gives younger children of the village the chance to ride on floats, compete in races and fancy dress competitions and of course enjoy the amusements and attractions, provided by the Seghill Treats Committee. In the summer months, when the nights are light, AFC Seghill can also be found training on the welfare field.
AFC Seghill
Formed in 2007, AFC Seghill play in the Community Champions League. The league consists of teams from North of the Tyne and games take place on a Sunday afternoon. Managed and Captained by Ian Clark, Seghill had a good first season finishing 3rd in the league, just one place below a playoff position. On 6 April 2008 Seghill played in the NK Cup Final against Sports For Youth in sub zero conditions. Despite losing 2 players to the cold in the 2nd half Seghill came from behind twice to win the game 3-2 and claim their first piece of silverware in their rookie season.
Despite starting their second season with an unbeaten run that stretched beyond Christmas and building up a double figure lead over their nearest rivals, Seghill were eventually undone by the weather. Due to the large number of postponed fixtures throughout the season Seghill were left to play out the last few weeks with 3 or more games per week. This led to problems with squad members securing time off work and with just a couple of games left Seghill were pipped at the post to finish 2nd in the league. Despite it being a better showing than the previous season there was widespread disappointment that the season had ended without any silverware.
1st Seghill Scouts
Next to the Welfare Field there is a small scout hut where 1st Seghill Scouts meet on a Monday Night.
Public services
There are three main streets in Seghill. Main Street has the Netherfield Surgery, local Premier (retailer) shop (with Post Office), a small newsagents, Seghill Methodist Church, several take-away shops, and a barbers and hairdressers. On Front Street there are Shiremoor Compressors Ltd and Seghill Comrades Club. On Barrass Ave there was the Seghill Social Club which has now closed down and has been demolished. The Blake Arms is the community public house is situated in the streets of Blaketown and serves delicious food daily.
References
External links
Seghill Online - Seghill Community Website
Durham Mining Museum Website- Seghill Pit
Map of Seghill in 1864
Seghill First School-Not Updated since 2004
Seghill Rugby Football Club
No To Landfill Campaign
AFC Seghill Official Site.
Villages in Northumberland |
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