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4017554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%20Daddy%20Games | Cat Daddy Games | Cat Daddy Games is an American video game developer and a studio of 2K based in Kirkland, Washington. It was founded in the Seattle area by Ryan Haveson, Harley Howe, and Patrick Wilkinson after leaving Microsoft's games division in March 1996. During their time at Microsoft, they compiled a list of features they wanted to see in a game, and upon forming Cat Daddy Games, started developing Demon Isle, an action-adventure game. In Q2 2003, Cat Daddy Games was acquired by Take-Two Interactive and became an internal development studio for Take-Two's Global Star Software label. On September 10, 2007, Take-Two Interactive announced the opening of 2K Play, a new sub-label for its 2K division, which consumed all assets of Global Star Software, including Cat Daddy Games.
Games developed
References
External links
1996 establishments in Washington (state)
2K (company)
American companies established in 1996
Companies based in Kirkland, Washington
Take-Two Interactive divisions and subsidiaries
Video game development companies |
4017557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giardiniera | Giardiniera | Giardiniera (, ) is an Italian relish of pickled vegetables in vinegar or oil.
Varieties and uses
Italian giardiniera is also called sottaceti ("under vinegar"), a common term for pickled foods. It is typically eaten as an antipasto or with salads.
In the United States, giardiniera is commonly available in traditional or spicy varieties, and the latter is sometimes referred to as "hot mix".
Giardiniera is a versatile condiment that can be used on a variety of different foods, such as bratwurst, bruschetta, burgers, pasta salad, eggs (omelets), hot dogs, tuna salad, sandwiches, and much more. In the U.S. it is not uncommon to use giardiniera on pasta or, in the Chicago area, pizza.
In the cuisine of Chicago, an oil-based giardiniera is
often used as a condiment, typically as a topping on Italian beef sandwiches, subs, and pizza.
A milder variety of giardiniera is used for the olive salad in the muffuletta sandwich.
Ingredients
The Italian version includes bell peppers, celery, carrots, cauliflower and gherkins. The pickled vegetables are marinated in oil, red- or white-wine vinegar, herbs and spices.
Chicago-style giardiniera is commonly made spicy with sport peppers or chili flakes, along with a combination of assorted vegetables, including bell peppers, celery, carrots, cauliflower, and sometimes gherkins or olives, all marinated in vegetable oil, olive oil, soybean oil, or any combination of the three. Some commercially prepared versions are labeled "Chicago-style giardiniera".
See also
Encurtido – a pickled vegetable appetizer, side dish and condiment in the Mesoamerican region
References
Condiments
Cuisine of the Midwestern United States
Italian cuisine
Italian-American cuisine
Pickles
Vegetable dishes
Brassica oleracea dishes
Vegetarian cuisine
nl:Tafelzuur |
4017559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Craig | Tommy Craig | Thomas Brooks Craig (born 21 November 1950 in Glasgow) is a Scottish football player and coach. Craig had an 18-year playing career as a midfielder, playing over 100 league games for English clubs Sheffield Wednesday and Newcastle United. Towards the end of his playing career he became a coach, and he has worked for clubs including Hibernian, Celtic, Aberdeen, Newcastle and St Mirren.
Playing career
Craig was a midfielder who started his playing career at Aberdeen. In 1969 Sheffield Wednesday paid £100,000 for his services, a club record transfer fee at the time, as well as a British record for a teenager. Craig scored 37 league goals for Wednesday, including many from the penalty spot. During his time at the club, Wednesday were relegated from the top flight following Craig's first full season, and they continued to struggle in Division Two, finally being relegated again shortly after he left for Newcastle United in 1974. While at the club, Craig was the fan favourite and was described as "an adopted Geordie".
After leaving Newcastle he went on to join Ron Saunders' Aston Villa, however, his stay was short lived as Saunders was clearing the decks in order to turn Villa into the Championship and European Cup winning force of the early 1980s. He subsequently moved on to Swansea City, Carlisle United and Hibernian before becoming a coach.
Craig was capped once by Scotland, against Switzerland in 1976.
Coaching career
After retiring as a player, Craig was made assistant manager to John Blackley at Hibernian, before briefly taking over as caretaker manager upon Blackley's departure. He was then Billy McNeill's assistant manager at Celtic, where they won the championship in their centenary year. A spell at Aberdeen as assistant to Roy Aitken followed, before he took up the coaching role of Scotland's Under-21 team.
Craig spent time as a first team coach of Newcastle United, until he was released in September 2006. While at Newcastle United, Craig stated he learned coaching development under the first team managers during his seven years as a coach. He was then chosen by John Collins to be his assistant at Hibernian. Following Collins' resignation, Craig acted as the caretaker manager of Hibernian for the second time. He left the club after four games, following the appointment of Mixu Paatelainen as manager. Craig joined Charleroi as assistant coach to Collins in December 2008. On 20 November 2009, he was appointed as head coach on a one-and-a-half-year contract. Despite this contract, Craig was sacked on 14 April 2010.
St Mirren manager Danny Lennon appointed Craig as first team coach on 22 July 2011. Craig was part of the coaching team that won the 2012–13 Scottish League Cup with St Mirren. On 13 May 2014 Craig was appointed as St Mirren manager, following the departure of Lennon. Immediately after taking the job, Craig included two players on his coaching team, Jim Goodwin and Gary Teale. Craig was sacked in December 2014, after 19 matches in charge. St Mirren were joint bottom of the Scottish Premiership and lost 4–0 to Inverness in the Scottish Cup.
Managerial statistics
No statistics currently available for Scotland U21 team.
References
External links
1950 births
Living people
Footballers from Glasgow
Association football midfielders
Scottish footballers
Scotland international footballers
Aberdeen F.C. players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Swansea City A.F.C. players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Hibernian F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Scottish football managers
Scottish expatriate football managers
Newcastle United F.C. non-playing staff
Hibernian F.C. non-playing staff
Celtic F.C. non-playing staff
Aberdeen F.C. non-playing staff
St Mirren F.C. non-playing staff
R. Charleroi S.C. managers
Scotland under-21 international footballers
Scotland under-23 international footballers
Scotland national under-21 football team managers |
4017561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryam%20Keshavarz | Maryam Keshavarz | Maryam Keshavarz () is an American filmmaker(Iranian pedigreed) best known for her 2011 film Circumstance distributed by Participant Media and Roadside Attractions, which won the Audience Award at Sundance Film Festival.
Biography
Maryam received her BA in Comparative Literature from Northwestern University, an MA in Near Eastern Studies from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and an MFA in Film Direction from New York University, Tisch School of the Arts. She was also a visiting scholar at the University of Shiraz, Department of Language and Literature.
In 2001, with a band of all girl crew and cast, Maryam directed her first experimental 16mm film, entitled Sanctuary. This surreal fantasy film about an Iranian woman in post-9/11 America traveled to several international festivals and landed Maryam the Steve Tisch fellowship to attend NYU's graduate film program.
In 2003, Maryam drew on her experience growing up between Iran and the United States to direct her first feature documentary, The Color of Love. An intimate portrait of the changing landscape of love and politics in Iran, the documentary showed at international festivals such as Montreal World Film Fest, Full Frame Doc Fest, MoMA New York, It's All True (Brazil), among others; it garnered top prizes such as the International Documentary Association's David L. Wolper Award, Jury Award at DocuDays, and the Full Frame's Spectrum Award. The Color of Love has been broadcast internationally, was released on DVD by Parlour Pictures, and was featured on Danny DeVito's Jersey Docs, a subsidiary of Morgan Freeman's ClickStar.
In 2005, Maryam returned to Argentina, where she had studied Latin American literature at the University of Buenos Aires. There, she wrote and directed the visual essay The Day I Died about an adolescent love triangle in a sleepy Argentine seaside town. The Day I Died has been shown in Main Competition at Mar del Plata, Clermont-Ferrand, New York Film Festival and Berlin International Film Festival. The Day I Died was the only short film at Berlinale to win two awards: the Gold Teddy Best Short Film and the Jury Prize Special Mention. The film also won the Jury Prize at the Rio International Film Fest. The film is part of the DVD compilation by Shooting People entitled BEST v BEST VOL. 2: AWARD WINNING SHORT FILMS 2006.
Maryam's first narrative feature fiction film, Circumstance premiered to overwhelming critical acclaim at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival, garnering the Sundance Audience Award, leading to Maryam's inclusion in Deadline.com's 2011 Director's to Watch. Circumstance has won over a dozen international awards including Best First Film at the Rome Film Festival and the Audience & Best Actress Awards at Outfest. The Independent Spirit Award nominated film was described by the New York Times as "Swirling and sensuous", by the Wall Street Journal as "Supremely cinematic", and by the Hollywood Reporter as "Amazingly accomplished." The film released theatrically in over a dozen countries in 2012.
More recently, Maryam's newest film project The Last Harem won the prestigious Hearst Screenwriters Grant and the San Francisco Film Society/ KRF Screenwriting Award, while her museum installation work entitled BETWEEN SIGHT AND DESIRE: IMAGINING THE MUSLIM WOMAN won a multi-year grant from Creative Capital. Maryam has also been tapped to co-write and direct the narrative adaptation of the award-winning HBO documentary Hot Coffee.
Maryam is an alumna of the Sundance Screenwriters and Directors Lab, Tribeca Film Institute's All Access Program. She is the recipient of dozens of grants and fellowships including the French Government's Fonds Sud, Rotterdam Film Festivals' Hubert Bals Award, Women in Film's Grant, Adrienne Shelly Award, numerous Sundance fellowships, and multiple San Francisco Film Society grants. She has been a visiting artist at the University of Pennsylvania and guest lecturer at dozens of prestigious international universities. She is an active member of Film Independent serving as a mentor for their Project Involve Initiative and speaking on numerous filmmaking panels.
Personal life
Keshavarz is bisexual.
Filmography and awards
See also
Cinema of Iran
List of famous Persian women
References
External links
Keshavarz at Stardustbrands
https://web.archive.org/web/20160818010336/http://esmatlyintercultural.blogfa.com/post-70.aspx
نقدی بر فیلم شرایط ساخته مریم کشاورز A Review on “Circumstance” by Maryam Keshavarz
Advocate – State of Affairs
– In Movies by Iranians, a Feminist Streak
The Bay Area Reporter – Iranian Youth Culture Flowers in 'Circumstance'
The Boston Globe – 'Circumstance': A Forbidden Love Story
The Boston Herald – Film Reveals 'Circumstance' of gays in Iran
College Movie Review
ComingSoon.net
The Daily Beast – Iran's Controversial New Lesbian Film
Daily Candy – 9 Film You Should Seek Out
Deadline Hollywood – Sundance: 2011 Film Directors to Watch
The Feminist Spectator – 'Circumstance'
Feminema – To Be Young, Gifted, & Living Under Patriarchy: 'Circumstance (2011)'
The Globe and Mail – "Circumstance': A Glimpse of the Miniskirts Under the Chadors
The Guardian (UK) – Maryam Keshavarz: 'In Iran, anything illegal becomes politically subversive'
Huff Post Culture – 'Circumstance' and Dangerous Elicitations of Truth
Huff Post Entertainment – Parties and Promiscuity In a Police State
IndieWire – Critical Consensus: Iran-Set Drama 'Circumstance' is The Pick of the Week
IndieWire 2 – Love and Risk in Iran: Circumstance Written and Directed by Maryam Keshavarz
IndieWire 3 – 'Circumstance's' Maryam Keshavarz Faces Threats, Fears DVD Release
Interview – Dubbing SATC in Tehran
Killer Movie Reviews – 'Circumstance' Lines of Discontent in Iran's Cultural Landscape
The New York Times – Living and Loving Underground in Iran
Reuters – 'Circumstance' Sheds Light on Gay Life in Iran
ScreenCrave.com – Sundance 2011: 'Circumstance' Movie Review
St. Louis Post-Dispatch – 'Circumstance' Looks Inside Iranian Youth Culture
The Salt Lake Tribune – Sundance review: 'Circumstance'
USA TODAY – In 'Circumstance,' A sexual awakening in Iran
W Magazine – Nikohl Boosheri & Sarah Kazemy: The Provocative Screen Debut by Two Iranian Actresses
The Washington Post – 'Circumstance': Forbidden Love in Today's Iran
American film directors
American people of Iranian descent
Iranian film directors
Living people
Northwestern University alumni
Shiraz University alumni
University of Michigan alumni
1975 births
LGBT people from Iran
LGBT people from New York (state)
LGBT American people of Asian descent
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
Iranian diaspora film people
Bisexual women
LGBT film directors |
4017580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Baird%20Jr. | David Baird Jr. | David Baird Jr. (October 10, 1881February 28, 1955) was a U.S. Senator from New Jersey.
Biography
Born in Camden, New Jersey to Senator David Baird, Baird Jr. graduated from Lawrenceville School in 1899 and from Princeton University in 1903. Like his father, he engaged in the lumber business and banking in Camden from 1903 to 1929.
On November 30, 1929, Baird was appointed as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Walter Evans Edge. He served from November 30, 1929 to December 2, 1930, when a duly elected successor was qualified. Baird was not a candidate for election to the vacancy in 1930.
Baird was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of New Jersey in 1931, after which he resumed former business pursuits.
He was appointed by the Governor to the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission to fill an unexpired term in 1938. He then worked as insurance broker, and died in Camden in 1955, aged 73. He was interred in Harleigh Cemetery.
External links
David Baird Jr. at The Political Graveyard
1881 births
1955 deaths
American bankers
Lawrenceville School alumni
New Jersey Republicans
Politicians from Camden, New Jersey
Princeton University alumni
Republican Party United States senators
United States senators from New Jersey
Burials at Harleigh Cemetery, Camden
20th-century American politicians |
4017584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Despenser%2C%201st%20Earl%20of%20Gloucester | Thomas Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester | Thomas le Despenser, 2nd Baron Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester KG (22 September 137313 January 1400) was the son of Edward le Despenser, 1st Baron le Despencer, whom he succeeded in 1375.
Royal intrigues
A supporter of Richard II against Thomas of Woodstock and the Lords Appellant, he was rewarded with an Earldom as Earl of Gloucester in 1397, by virtue of being descended from Gilbert de Clare, 7th earl of an earlier creation. He spent the years 1397–99 in Ireland, attempting with little success to persuade the Gaelic chieftains to accept Richard II as their overlord.
However, he supported Henry Bolingbroke on his return to England to become King Henry IV, only to be attainted (deprived of his Earldom because of a capital crime) for his role in the death of Thomas of Woodstock.
He then took part in the Epiphany Rising, a rebellion led by a number of Barons aimed at restoring Richard to the throne by assassinating King Henry IV; this quickly failed when the conspirators were betrayed by Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York to Henry. After fleeing to the western counties, a number of the Epiphany Rising conspirators were captured and killed by mobs of townspeople loyal to the king; Despenser was captured by a mob and beheaded at Bristol on 13 January 1400.
Marriage
Thomas le Despenser married Constance, daughter of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York and Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York. They had issue:
Elizabeth le Despenser (died young c. 1398)
Richard le Despenser, 4th Baron Burghersh (1396–1414)
Edward le Despenser (born before 1400), died young
Hugh le Despenser (c. 1400–1401)
Isabel le Despenser (26 July 140027 December 1439); she married first Richard Beauchamp, 1st Earl of Worcester, and later married second his cousin Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick
Ancestry and succession
References
thePeerage.com
Otway-Ruthven, A.J. History of Medieval Ireland Barnes and Noble reprint New York 1993
1373 births
1400 deaths
14th-century English nobility
People executed under the Lancastrians
Knights of the Garter
Executed English people
People executed under the Plantagenets by decapitation
Thomas
Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester
Lords of Glamorgan
Barons le Despencer |
4017585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Godber | Joseph Godber | Joseph Bradshaw Godber, Baron Godber of Willington, (17 March 1914 – 25 August 1980) was a British Conservative Party politician and cabinet minister.
Background
Godber was educated at Bedford School, between 1922 and 1931, and became a nurseryman. He became chairman of the county glasshouse section of the National Farmers Union and of the publicity and parliamentary committee. He was a member of the Tomato and Cucumber Marketing Board.
Political career
Godber was a Bedfordshire County Councillor from 1946 until 1952. He was elected Member of Parliament for Grantham in 1951, a seat he held until 1979. He served under Harold Macmillan as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food from 1957 to 1960, as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 1960 to 1961, as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from 1961 to 1963 and as Secretary of State for War in 1963, under Sir Alec Douglas-Home as Minister of Labour from 1963 to 1964 and under Edward Heath as Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs from 1970 to 1972 and as Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food from 1972–1974. Godber was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1963 and in 1979 he was made a life peer as Baron Godber of Willington, of Willington in the County of Bedfordshire.
Personal life
Lord Godber of Willington died in August 1980, aged 66. In 1936, he married Miriam Sanders in Bedford. They had two sons (including one born in 1938 and the other in 1944). He has 5 grandchildren (Amanda Varley, James R B Godber, Joe Godber, Victoria Bell and Pete Godber) and 9 great grandchildren (Lucy Varley, Naomi Godber, Jude Godber, Noah Godber, Ruby-Rose Godber, Emily Godber, Tom Godber, Edward Bell and Jack Bell)
References
Times Guide to the House of Commons 1979
External links
1914 births
1980 deaths
British Secretaries of State
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Councillors in Bedfordshire
Godber of Willington
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Agriculture ministers of the United Kingdom
People educated at Bedford School
Secretaries of State for War (UK)
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1955–1959
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
Politics of Grantham
Joseph
Ministers in the Macmillan and Douglas-Home governments, 1957–1964 |
4017589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20Acre | Castle Acre | Castle Acre is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is situated on the River Nar some north of the town of Swaffham. It is east of the town of King's Lynn, west of the city of Norwich, and from London.
The village's name means 'Cultivated land'. 'Castle' was added, after the great motte-and-bailey was built here, to distinguish from South and West Acre.
The village is best known today for the twin ruins of Castle Acre Castle and Castle Acre Priory, which lie immediately to the east and west of the village respectively. Both were founded soon after the Norman Conquest by William de Warenne, the first Earl of Surrey. At its heyday, Castle Acre played an important role in the affairs of the State, with many visits from royalty. Castle Acre itself was once a fortified town and still possesses one of its gates, the Bailey Gate. When first established, Castle Acre was one of the finest examples of Norman town planning in the country, and much of this can still be seen.
The civil parish has an area of and in the 2001 census had a population of 799 in 370 households, the population increasing to 848 at the 2011 Census. The parish shares boundaries with the adjacent parishes of Rougham, Great Massingham, West Acre, South Acre, Newton by Castle Acre and Lexham. The parish falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. Local government responsibilities are shared between the parish, district and county councils. Castle Acre forms part of the North West Norfolk constituency in the House of Commons. Norfolk County Council is responsible for roads, some schools, and social services, and the county councillor for the Gayton division, including Castle Acre, is Graham Robin Middleton (Conservative).
The village lies some west of the A1065 Mildenhall to Fakenham road, but is clearly visible from the road. The hamlet of Fiddler's Green lies to the northeast of the village.
References
http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Norfolk/Castle%20Acre
External links
Information from Genuki Norfolk on Castle Acre.
English Heritage Castle Acre castle and bailey gate
Villages in Norfolk
King's Lynn and West Norfolk
Civil parishes in Norfolk |
4017604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolo%20Casati | Paolo Casati | Paolo Casati (in Latin, Paulus Casatus) (1617 – 22 December 1707) was an Italian Jesuit mathematician. Born in Piacenza to a Milanese family, he joined the Jesuits in 1634. After completing his mathematical and theological studies, he moved to Rome, where he assumed the position of professor at the Collegio Romano. He was given the chair in mathematics after teaching philosophy and theology.
Casati in Sweden
In 1651, Casati was sent on a mission to Stockholm in order to gauge the sincerity of Christina of Sweden's intention to become Catholic. He subsequently returned to his post at Rome. In 1677, he moved to the Jesuit College in Parma, where he remained until his death.
Casati's Terra machinis mota
The astronomical work Terra machinis mota (1658) imagines a dialogue between Galileo, Paul Guldin, and Marin Mersenne on various intellectual problems of cosmology, geography, astronomy and geodesy. For example, they discuss how to determine the Earth's dimensions, floating bodies, the phenomena of capillarity, and also describe the experiment on the vacuum made by Otto von Guericke in 1654. The work is remarkable for the fact that it represents Galileo in a positive light, in a Jesuit work, only 25 years after Galileo's condemnation by the Church.
Casati and Theories on the Vacuum
Casati discussed the hypothesis of horror vacui, that nature abhors a vacuum, in his thesis Vacuum proscriptum, published in Genoa in 1649. Casati confuted the existence of both vacuum and atmospheric pressure, but he did not rely entirely on scientific observation, and refers to Catholic thought in order to back his claims. The absence of anything implied the absence of God, and hearkened back to the void prior to the story of creation in the book of Genesis (see Vacuum: historical interpretation).
Named after Casati
The crater Casatus on the Moon is named after him.
Other works
Fabrica et uso del compasso di proportione (1664), a work explaining the construction and use of proportional compasses
Le ceneri dell'Olimpo ventilate (1673), a dialogue about meteorology
De gli horologi solari (unpublished manuscript): about sundial construction
Exercitationes matheseos candidatis exhibitaæ (1698) (unpublished manuscript): a collection of algebraic and geometrical subjects.
See also
List of Jesuit scientists
List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics
Sources
Horror vacui?
The scientific works of Paolo Casati (1617-1707)
17th-century Italian mathematicians
18th-century Italian mathematicians
17th-century Italian physicists
17th-century Italian Jesuits
1617 births
1707 deaths
Jesuit scientists |
4017609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmod | Desmod | Desmod was a Slovak music band, playing mainly mainstream pop-rock songs, founded in 1996. The former lineup is completely different from the current one and they have played genres including soft rock and pop rock. Nowadays, Desmod is one of the most popular Slovak music groups.
Members
Mário "Kuly" Kollár (vocals)
Dušan Minka (bass guitar)
Jano Škorec (drums)
Rišo Synčák (guitar)
Rišo Nagy (guitar)
Michal Kožuch (manager)
Discography
Albums
001 (2000)
Mám chuť (2001)
Derylov svet (2003)
Skupinová terapia (2004)
Uhol pohľadu (2006)
Kyvadlo (2007)
Vitajte na konci sveta (2010)
Iný rozmer (2011)
Javorový album (2012)
Molekuly zvuku (2017)
See also
The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time
External links
Official homepage (sk)
Slovak musical groups
Musical groups established in 1996
Nitra |
4017618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Sniderman | Sam Sniderman | Sam Sniderman, (June 15, 1920 – September 23, 2012) was a Canadian businessman best known as the founder of the Canadian record shop chain Sam the Record Man. Sniderman was also a major promoter of Canadian music including involvement in pushing for the Canadian content (CANCON) broadcast regulations and creating the Juno Awards.
Life and career
Born in Toronto, Ontario, Sniderman grew up in its Jewish enclave known as Kensington Market.
He attended high school at Harbord Collegiate Institute and started selling records in his brother Sidney's store, Sniderman Radio Sales and Service, in 1936. In 1959 he opened his first store on Toronto's Yonge Street, and then moved it to the iconic 347 Yonge Street flagship store location in 1961. In 1969, he started franchising the store.
He retired in 2000 and turned over ownership of the business to his sons, Bobby and Jason, and Sid's daughters Lana and Arna. The flagship Toronto store that bore his name closed in 2007 and its distinctive façade was declared a heritage site by the city.
Following the closure, Sniderman expressed his support for Ryerson University's bid to expropriate the Yonge Street property if his children and nieces failed to negotiate a deal to sell the property to the university. In the end, Ryerson reached a deal to purchase the property from the family.
Awards and honours
On October 20, 1976, he was invested into the Order of Canada. He was appointed to the Order's third tier, Member, for "found[ing] the Recordings Archive Library at the University of Toronto, now the largest of its kind in Canada. For his constant support of Canadian talent and concern for the preservation of our cultural heritage".
Sniderman was inducted into the Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame in 1997.
Sam Sniderman himself remained an active participant in the Canadian music industry until his death. Always a believer in the "more is more" philosophy, he established the Sniderman Sound Recording Archive at the University of Toronto's School of Music, ensuring that it is "as big as possible." Sniderman spoke at the 2006 East Coast Music Awards. In 1999, Sniderman received the Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Voluntarism in the Performing Arts, a companion award of the Governor General's Performing Arts Awards, for his tireless support of Canadian musicians.
His son Jason Sniderman is a musician and was also an executive with Sam the Record Man. Another son, Bobby Sniderman, went into business for himself as proprietor of The Senator restaurant.
References
External links
Multimedia
CBC Archives in a radio interview Sam Sniderman (Sam the record man) talks about his support for Canadian content in 1971
Web
Sam Sniderman at The Canadian Encyclopedia
1920 births
2012 deaths
Businesspeople from Toronto
Canadian Jews
Canadian music industry executives
Canadian retail chief executives
Members of the Order of Canada
Governor General's Performing Arts Award winners |
4017657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health%20Service%20Executive | Health Service Executive | The Health Service Executive (HSE) () is the publicly funded healthcare system in the Republic of Ireland, responsible for the provision of health and personal social services. It came into operation on 1 January 2005.
The current Director-General is Paul Reid.
History
The Executive was established by the Health Act 2004 and came into official operation on 1 January 2005. It replaced the ten regional Health Boards, the Eastern Regional Health Authority and a number of other different agencies and organisations. The Minister for Health retained overall responsibility for the Executive in Government. The HSE adopted a regional structure (HSE Dublin Mid-Leinster, HSE Dublin North East, HSE South and HSE West).
A new grouping of hospitals was announced by the Irish Minister for Health, Dr. James Reilly TD in May 2013, as part of a restructure of Irish public hospitals and a goal of delivering better patient care:
Dublin North East (subsequently renamed RCSI Hospitals)
Dublin Midlands (subsequently renamed Dublin Midlands Hospital Group)
Dublin East (subsequently renamed Ireland East Hospital Group)
South/South West (subsequently renamed South/Southwest Hospital Group)
West/North West (subsequently renamed Saolta University Health Care Group)
Mid West (subsequently renamed UL Hospitals Group)
A new arrangement of 90 primary care networks was announced in October 2014.
On 4 April 2022, it was announced that the Chief Operations Officer of the HSE - Anne O'Connor - would be leaving the organisation in the summer to take up a new role as Managing Director of VHI Health and Wellbeing. On 27 June 2022, it was announced that the current Director General of the HSE - Paul Reid - would be stepping down from his role to 'spend more time with family'.
Historic issues
The HSE is frequently portrayed by the Irish media as an inefficient, top-heavy and excessively bureaucratic organisation. The Irish health system has been involved in a number of serious health scandals, for example relating to cancer misdiagnoses in 2008. The HSE has also been the subject of criticism for cutbacks, service cancellations etc., but has indicated that it is making good progress in saving costs and achieving its required 'break-even' budget position for 2010.
In the same month, the Irish Medical Organisation stated that patients awaiting a HSE medical card were waiting up to six months to receive their card, and that their health was being put at risk as they could not afford medicines that they would have otherwise obtained had they received their card. The HSE has since announced a new online system for medical card applications that will reduce turnaround time for routine applications to 15 days.
In May 2011, key forensic evidence in up to 25 sexual-assault cases may be challenged in court because of a major administrative blunder by the HSE. The victims – some as young as 14 – were told by Gardaí about the incident, in which a nurse who carried out their forensic tests was unregistered. This could lead to the evidence being challenged.
In May 2018, in the midst of the CervicalCheck misdiagnoses controversy, Tony O'Brien announced his resignation as director-general of the HSE with effect from close of business on 11 May.
An Ombudsman report in October 2020 found that children with suspected disabilities are encountering delays of many years in having their needs properly assessed. The report said that this is 'a serious and ongoing violation of their rights'.
2021 cyberattack
On 14 May 2021, the HSE suffered a major ransomware cyberattack which caused all of its IT systems nationwide to be shut down. It was the most significant cybercrime attack on an Irish state agency and the largest known attack against a health service computer system.
The ransomware cyber attack, which occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, had a significant impact on hospital appointments across the country, with many appointments cancelled including all outpatient and radiology services.
A report into the attack showed that the HSE used unsecured systems and the hackers got in 8 weeks earlier than thought.
See also
Department of Health (Ireland)
Health Information and Quality Authority
References
External links
Health Service Executive
Health Information and Quality Authority
Health Protection Surveillance Centre
2005 establishments in Ireland
Department of Health (Ireland)
Government agencies established in 2005
Government agencies of the Republic of Ireland
Medical and health organisations based in the Republic of Ireland
Micheál Martin |
4017667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20flap | Free flap | The terms free flap, free autologous tissue transfer and microvascular free tissue transfer are synonymous terms used to describe the "transplantation" of tissue from one site of the body to another, in order to reconstruct an existing defect. "Free" implies that the tissue is completely detached from its blood supply at the original location ("donor site") and then transferred to another location ("recipient site") and the circulation in the tissue re-established by anastomosis of artery(s) and vein(s). This is in contrast to a "pedicled" flap in which the tissue is left partly attached to the donor site ("pedicle") and simply transposed to a new location; keeping the "pedicle" intact as a conduit to supply the tissue with blood.
Various types of tissue may be transferred as a "free flap" including skin and fat, muscle, nerve, bone, cartilage (or any combination of these), lymph nodes and intestinal segments. An example of "free flap" could be a "free toe transfer" in which the great toe or the second toe is transferred to the hand to reconstruct a thumb.
For all "free flaps", the blood supply is reconstituted using microsurgical techniques to reconnect the artery (brings blood into the flap) and vein (allows blood to flow out of the flap).
Free autologous tissue transfer is performed by many surgical specialties.
Indications
Free flaps are used to reconstruct tissue defects. Particularly when postoperative radiotherapy is indicated, vascularized free tissue is preferred over non-vascularized free tissue.
Breast reconstruction:
Aesthetic (cosmetic) reconstruction: Most commonly creating a breast after a mastectomy. This may happen at the time of mastectomy or at a later date. Free flaps are usually only done if a TRAM flap is not possible. Plastic surgeons usually perform these surgeries. Patients with Bell's palsy can have their face re-animated using "free functioning muscle flaps".
Hand reconstruction:
Reconstruction of paralyzed face or hand using functioning free muscle flaps.
Head and Neck reconstruction:
When reconstructing complex head and neck defects, the reconstruction often requires bone and soft tissue from a distant donor site to be harvested. Functional reconstruction in the head and neck area often requires reconstruction of the oral cavity, the jawbone and the dental occlusion. Type of defects include:
Reconstruction of post-traumatic defects: Some areas of the body has missing tissue either from a trauma or from some existing wound. This may include areas on the leg where bone is exposed or any other area on the body that needs soft tissue coverage.
Reconstruction of a defect following removal of a tumor in the mouth or elsewhere: Soft tissue resection requires soft tissue reconstruction. Composite (soft tissue and hard tissue) resection requires composite reconstruction. Soft tissue flaps include the radial forearm free flap and the ALT (anterolateral thigh) free flap amongst others. Composite free flaps include the fibular free flap, the DCIA free flap, the scapular free flap and the composite radial free flap amongst others. When the cancer resection involves a part of the lower jaw, depending on the patients age and the patients co-morbidities one composite free flap will be preferred over the others for reconstruction of the defect.
Reconstruction of esophageal (food-pipe) continuity using segments of intestine
Surgical Steps during "free autologous tissue transfer"
A defect is created surgically (either following removal of a tumor or following cleansing of a wound)
An incision is made over the area from where the flap will be taken.
The flap is dissected and freed from the surrounding tissue.
At least one vein and one artery (which constitutes the vascular pedicle) are dissected.
The vein and artery (vascular pedicle) are divided, separating the flap from the rest of the body.
Before the pedicle is divided, the area the flap will be re-attached to is prepared by identifying a recipient artery and vein.
The free flap is brought up to the defect area, and the vein and artery from the flap (vascular pedicle) are anastomosed (re-connected) to the vein and artery identified in the wound. The anastomosis is done using a microscope or a "loupe", hence it is termed "microsurgery"
The free flap is sutured to the defect, while it is monitored to ensure the blood vessels remain patent (i.e. the vessels have good blood flow).
The donor site area is closed primarily. Sometimes a Split Thickness Skin graft (STSG) may be performed and placed on top of the defect site and/or the donor site.
Postoperative Complications/Sequalae
The most common serious complication of a free flap is loss of the venous outflow (e.g. a clot forms in the vein that drains the blood from the flap). Loss of arterial supply is serious too and both will cause necrosis (death) of the flap. Close monitoring of the flap both by nurses and by the surgeon is mandatory following the completion of the operation. If detected early, loss of either the venous or arterial blood supply may be corrected by operative intervention. Many times an implantable Doppler probe or other devices can be installed during surgery to provide better monitoring in the post-operative period. The Doppler probe can be removed before discharge from the hospital.
Usually the harvest of a "free flap" is performed in such a fashion to cause the least amount of disability. Despite this some disability may occur following removal of this tissue from the "donor site".
Other complications/sequalae which may occur with any surgery are also possible, including infection and pain.
See also
Flap (surgery)
Rotation flap
TRAM flap
Microsurgery
List of plastic surgery flaps
Perforator flaps
Bibliography
References
Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Plastic surgery |
4017673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Polebrook | RAF Polebrook | Royal Air Force Station Polebrook or more simply RAF Polebrook is a former Royal Air Force station located east-south-east of Oundle, at Polebrook, Northamptonshire, England. The airfield was built on Rothschild estate land starting in August 1940.
It was from Polebrook that the United States Army Air Forces' Eighth Air Force carried out its first heavy bomb group (Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress) combat mission on 17 August 1942, and from which Major Clark Gable flew combat missions in 1943.
History
RAF Polebrook was the first airfield to be completed out of a number in the Northamptonshire/Huntingdonshire area which were laid down for RAF Bomber Command during late 1940 and early 1941.
Like other airfields in the construction program at the time, Polebrook was built by George Wimpey & Co., Limited. The initial construction was of three runways, the concrete runway lengths were 08-26 at 1,280 yards, 14-32 at 1,200 yards and 02-20, 1,116 yards. In addition, thirty square hardstands most on the eastern side, were reached by very long access tracks.
The weapons store was unusual in that it lay within the perimeter track at the southern end. One Type J and two Type T-2 hangars were erected on the technical site outside the northern perimeter with the domestic sites dispersed in woodland beyond.
Royal Air Force use
One of the first units to operate from the airfield was No. 90 Squadron RAF, which carried out operational trials from June 1941 to February 1942. Several of the hardstands and taxiways were still under construction when the squadron arrived.
No. 90 Squadron was equipped with the American B-17C, called "Fortress I" by the RAF. Although the US Army Air Forces did not consider the B-17C as being combat ready (the E-version was already under procurement as the result of combat reports from Europe), the RAF was sufficiently desperate in 1941 that these planes were immediately pressed into front-line service.
The Fortresses were used for very high-altitude attacks in daylight, the first operation from Polebrook being flown on 8 July 1941 when three Fortresses were dispatched on a raid to Wilhelmshaven. Engine trouble forced one of the planes to divert to a second target, but the other two went on to attack the naval barracks at Wilhelmshaven from an altitude of 30,000 feet. Unfortunately, the planes were not able to hit anything from such extreme altitudes. In addition, their crews found that the temperatures at this altitude were so cold that their defensive machine guns froze up when they tried to fire them. However, all planes returned safely to base.
Their last raid launched from Polebrook was on 2 September 1941. RAF Fortresses had flown 22 attacks against targets such as Bremen, Brest, Emden, Kiel, Oslo, and Rotterdam. A total of 39 planes had been dispatched, out of which eighteen planes had aborted and two had been forced to bomb secondary targets because of mechanical problems. Eight Fortresses had been destroyed in combat or lost in accidents. Discouraged by these losses, the RAF decided to abandon daylight bombing raids over Europe.
Although two Fortresses were missing from operations, the only loss resulting from a raid flown from Polebrook involved a badly battle-damaged aircraft that crash landed at a south-coast airfield.
As a result of RAF experience with the Fortress, it was determined that there was a need for vast improvements in defensive gunnery, a need for operating the Fortresses in greater numbers in tighter formations for better defensive firepower, and a need for better and more intensive crew training. Nevertheless, their British crews generally were quite pleased with the Fortress I, regarding it as easy to fly, very maneuverable, and aerodynamically stable in the bomb run.
While at Polebrook, No. 90 was then the sole operational squadron assigned to No. 8 Group RAF and, before it was disbanded on 12 February 1942, its remaining aircraft and crews were only involved in experimentation and training.
The short runways at Polebrook were found to be unsatisfactory for the operation of the heavy-loaded, four-engine B-17. In 1942 the airfield was improved to Class A airfield standards. The main runway was extended to 1,950 yards and the secondary runways to 1,400 yards each. In addition, additional hardstands were constructed, increasing the total number from 30 to 50. This enlargement resulted in the unusual situation that the ammunition storage area was inside the extended perimeter track. The living and communal sites were dispersed in woodlands north of the airfield. They provided accommodations to about 2,000 personnel.
United States Army Air Forces use
From 12 December 1943 to 12 June 1945, Polebrook served as headquarters for the 94th Combat Bombardment Wing of the 1st Bombardment Division. It was designated USAAF Station 110.
97th Bombardment Group (Heavy)
On 28 June 1942, RAF Polebrook was officially turned over to the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) and the airbase became the base of the 97th Bombardment Group, the first USAAF heavy bomber organization to arrive in the UK.
The 97th BG was assigned to the 1st Combat Wing, at RAF Bassingbourn. Its operational squadrons were divided between Polebrook and RAF Grafton Underwood:
340th Bombardment Squadron (RAF Polebrook)
341st Bombardment Squadron (RAF Polebrook)
342nd Bombardment Squadron (RAF Grafton Underwood)
343rd Bombardment Squadron (RAF Grafton Underwood)
The 97th Bomb Group is famous for flying the first all-American Flying Fortress bombing mission originating from Grafton Underwood against German-occupied territory in Europe on August 17, 1942, by attacking the railway marshalling yards at Sotteville-lès-Rouen in France. The lead aircraft in the first flight group of six B-17s was Butcher Shop, which was copiloted by the Group Commander Colonel Frank A. Armstrong, and piloted by the squadron commander of the 340th Captain Paul W. Tibbets (who later flew the Enola Gay to Hiroshima Japan on the first atomic bomb mission). The lead aircraft in the second flight group of six B-17s was B-17E Yankee Doodle 41-9023, which was copiloted by 2nd Lt. John R. Dowswell and piloted by Captain Rudolph Emil "Rudy" Flack the squadron commander of the 414th, Grafton Underwood base commander and mission commander (http://www.americanairmuseum.com/person/246743), and who carried Brig. General Ira C. Eaker the commander of the VIII Bomber Command as an observer on board his Flying Fortress.
The 97th BG conducted a total of 16 missions from Polebrook and Grafton Underwood, attacking airfields, marshalling yards, industries, naval installations, and other targets in France and the Low Countries.
The group sortied 247 aircraft, dropped 395 tons of bombs on Nazi-controlled territory, and lost 14 aircraft. On 21 October 1942, the 97th Bomb Group was transferred to the Twelfth Air Force in the Mediterranean theatre and Polebrook was unoccupied until April 1943.
351st Bombardment Group (Heavy)
On 15 April 1943, the 351st Bomb Group arrived at RAF Polebrook. It was assigned to the 94th Combat Wing, also at Polebrook. The group tail code was a "Triangle J". Its operational squadrons were:
508th Bombardment Squadron (YB)
509th Bombardment Squadron (RQ)
510th Bombardment Squadron (TU)
511th Bombardment Squadron (DS)
The 351st's first completed combat mission took place on 14 May 1943, when 18 B-17s targeted a German Luftwaffe airfield at Kortrijk, Belgium. As the war progressed, the 351st operated primarily against strategic objectives in Germany, striking such targets as ball-bearing plants at Schweinfurt, communications at Mayen, marshalling yards at Koblenz, a locomotive and tank factory at Hanover, industries at Berlin, bridges at Cologne, an armaments factory at Mannheim, and oil refineries at Hamburg.
The group also struck harbor facilities, submarine installations, airfields, V-weapon sites, and power plants in France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Norway.
The 351st Received a Distinguished Unit Citation for performance of 9 October 1943 when an aircraft factory in Germany was accurately bombed in spite of heavy flak and pressing enemy interceptors. It received another DUC for its part in the successful attack of 11 January 1944 on aircraft factories in central Germany. The group participated in the intensive air campaign against the German aircraft industry during Big Week, 20−25 February 1944.
In addition to its strategic missions, the group often operated in support of ground forces and attacked interdictory targets. Bombed in support of the Battle of Normandy in June 1944 and the Saint-Lô breakthrough in July. The group hit enemy positions to cover the airborne attack on the Netherlands in September 1944. Struck front-line positions, communications, and airfields to help stop the German counteroffensive in the Battle of the Bulge, December 1944-January 1945. Flew missions in support of Operation Varsity, the airborne assault across the Rhine in March 1945.
In 1944 Polebrook also became the headquarters of the 94th Combat Wing, which controlled the 351st, the 457th Bomb Group at RAF Glatton and the 401st Bomb Group at RAF Deenethorpe.
The 351st conducted routine 8th Air Force missions from RAF Polebrook until the end of the war. The unit completed 311 combat missions from Polebrook. The 351st lost 175 B-17s and their crews. The gunners in the Group fired off 2,776,028 rounds of ammunition and were credited with destroying 303 enemy aircraft. The 509th Bomb Squadron completed 54 consecutive missions without losses between June 1943 to January 1944.
The unit returned to the US soon after V-E Day with the air element leaving 21 May and the ground echelon sailing 25 June. Reassigned to Sioux Falls AAF, South Dakota during August 1945. The 391st Bomb Group was inactivated on 28 August 1945.
RAF Polebrook was subsequently returned to the RAF on 28 August 1945, and the base was placed on care and maintenance status.
Medal of Honor
Two members of the 351st, Lt. Walter E. Truemper and S/Sgt. Archibald Mathies, were posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. On a mission to Leipzig, Germany, 20 February 1944 their B-17 Ten Horsepower was attacked by German fighters. The co-pilot was killed and pilot Lt. Clarence Nelson was badly wounded. Truemper and Mathies flew the badly damaged B-17 back to England where the remainder of the crew bailed out, then attempted to land the plane to save the life of the unconscious pilot. On their third attempt Ten Horsepower crashed on final approach and all three airmen were killed.
Legacy
During the Cold War, the United States Air Force Strategic Air Command 351st Strategic Missile Wing stood alert with Minuteman I and later, Minuteman II ICBMs starting in 1963 at Whiteman AFB Missouri. The wing was bestowed the lineage, honours and history of the World War II USAAF 351st Bomb Wing upon activation.
The 351st SMW won the SAC missile combat competitions and Blanchard Trophy in 1967, 1971, and 1977. Named as SAC's "best Minuteman wing" in 1972, it stood down from alert and was inactivated in 1995.
Hollywood at Polebrook
During much of 1943, Captain Clark Gable was stationed at Polebrook to produce a recruiting film for aircraft gunners. He had trained with the 351st Bomb Group at Biggs Army Air Base, Texas, and Pueblo Army Air Base, Colorado, then accompanied it overseas in early April 1943. Much of the film was shot by former MGM cinematographer First Lieutenant Andrew McIntyre, whom MGM had arranged to enter duty with and accompany Gable in training, and scripting was by John Lee Mahin, a Hollywood screenwriter also in the unit. While with the 351st Gable flew five combat missions as an observer.
1) Gable's first combat mission occurred on 4 May 1943, when Gable accompanied 351st group commander Lt. Col. William A. Hatcher on a late afternoon familiarization mission before the 351st became operational. Flying squadron lead with Capt William R. Calhoun of the 303rd Bomb Group, RAF Molesworth, against the Ford and General Motors plants at Antwerp, Belgium, Hatcher and Gable's B-17 was nicknamed The 8 Ball MK II (s/n 41-24635). Gable fired a few rounds from a machine gun mounted in the radio room and suffered a minor case of frostbite from wearing leather gloves in the extreme cold.
2) Gable's second mission came 10 July 1943, flying with Second Lt. Theodore Argiropulos of the 351st's 508th Bomb Squadron in Argonaut III (42-29851) to bomb the airfield at Villacoublay, France. The mission was frustrating in that clouds forced the bombers to return without dropping their ordnance, but did not prevent German fighter attacks.
3) His third combat mission occurred on 24 July 1943, again in Argonaut III as the lead aircraft of the 351st, with group executive officer Lt.Col. Robert W. Burns. The mission to bomb the Norsk Hydro chemical plants in Herøya, Norway, was unopposed, but was also the longest by the Eighth Air Force to that date and began a week-long series of intensive operations against German targets known as the "Blitz Week".
4) On the morning of 12 August 1943, his fourth mission was to bomb a synthetic oil plant at Gelsenkirchen in the Ruhr, joining 351st operations officer Maj. Theodore "Ross" Milton and Capt. John B. Carraway's crew in Ain't It Gruesome (42-29863). Bombing Bochum, Germany, as a target of opportunity in bad weather, Gable experienced the Eighth's most dangerous mission to date, with 25 of its 330 B-17s shot down. Although none of the 351st's Fortresses went down, 11 suffered battle damage, one crash-landed on return, and the group's crews suffered one killed and seven wounded. During the mission, Gable wedged himself behind the top turret gunner for a better view as German fighters made five passes at the 351st's formation. A 20mm shell came up through Aint It Gruesome'''s flight deck, cut off the heel from Gable's boot, and exited one foot from his head, all without exploding. Afterward, the crew noticed the fifteen holes in the aircraft, and Gable noticed his boot. Brushing off concern with reporters, Gable claimed, "I didn't know it had happened. I didn't know anything about it until we had dropped eleven thousand feet, and could get off oxygen and look around. Only then did I see the hole in the turret."
5) Gable's final combat mission was an early morning strike to the port area of Nantes, France, on 23 September 1943. He flew with Lt. Col. Burns and 510th Bomb Squadron commander Maj. John Blaylock, leading the 351st in The Dutchess (42-29925). Half of the six groups assigned failed to assemble in bad weather, and intercepting fighters inflicted extensive battle damage to the other half, but no bombers were lost. Gable left his film crew in the waist of the bomber and manned a gun in the nose.
Captain Clark Gable was awarded the Air Medal on 4 October for completing five combat missions, and later the Distinguished Flying Cross. His final three missions were flown in the dangerous position of group lead, a hazard emphasized when the B-17 flown by Col. Hatcher and Major Blaylock was shot down near Cognac, France, on 31 December 1943, killing Blaylock and resulting in Hatcher's capture. Gable left the 351st on 5 November 1943, returning to the US with over 50,000 feet of 16mm colour film. In 1944, the film Combat America, narrated by Gable, was shown in theatres.
Back to Royal Air Force control
Post-war the station came under No. 273 Maintenance Unit RAF and the airfield was kept in usable state until October 1948 when it was closed. RAF Polebrook was kept in caretaker status until 1959.
The Thor missile deployment was an emergency response by the US to what was perceived as a missile gap with the Soviet Union. Launch orders for Thor missiles were to be given jointly by UK-US officers from HQ Bomber Command, High Wycombe and USAF 7th Air Division, co-located at the same base. An RAF officer could order a missile to be launched, but a USAF officer had to authenticate arming the warhead. The W49 thermonuclear warhead fitted to a Thor missile had a destructive yield of 1.44 megatons, and weighed 1680 lbs. The missile itself had a CEP of approximately two miles.
No. 130(SM) Squadron (North Luffenham Wing) was formed at what was retained for RAF use at Polebrook to operate three Thor missile emplacements which were constructed in the centre of the former airfield area.
The Thor missiles were operational until August 1963, when the rockets were removed and the unit disbanded.
Current use
With the end of military control, the remnants of RAF Polebrook were sold back to the Rothschild estate in 1967 and the St Ives Sand and Gravel company broke up all concrete apart from the ends of runways 02 and 32 during the next decade.
Today, Polebrook airfield has few reminders of its wartime past and is almost unidentifiable from the air. All of the wartime concreted areas have been removed with the exception of the deteriorating Thor missile launch pads from the early 1960s. A memorial was erected in early 1981 and some old buildings remain scattered around in the area being used for agricultural purposes. The large J-Type hangar still exists and the owners are very American friendly and very respectful of the hangar's place in history.
See also
List of former Royal Air Force stations
References
Citations
Bibliography
Freeman, Roger A. (1991) The Mighty Eighth: The Colour Record. Cassell & Co.
Gibson, Michael L. (1981) Aviation in Northamptonshire, An Illustrated Guide (includes a map of the Polebrook airfield and an angled photo taken in 1944). Northamptonshire Libraries.
Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947-1977. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. .
Rogers, Brian (2005). United States Air Force Unit Designations Since 1978''. Hinkley, England: Midland Publications. .
USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers--1908 to present
Thor Missile Deployment In The United Kingdom
RAF Thor Missile Units
External links
90 Squadron RAF and the Boeing bomber
97th Air Mobility Wing, USAF
351st Bombardment Group Website
United States Army Air Forces - Polebrook
Historic Polebrook Photo Gallery
Clark Gable, 8th USAAF, 1943
16 mm Technicolor Film, 351st Bomb Group, 8th USAAF, Polebrook, England, 1943
Royal Air Force stations in Northamptonshire
Airfields of the VIII Bomber Command in the United Kingdom
Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom |
4017686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Wayne%20Hunter | Michael Wayne Hunter | Michael Wayne Hunter (born 1958) was a death row prisoner and writer at San Quentin State Prison in the U.S. state of California. He was incarcerated for murdering his father and stepmother in 1981. Prior to committing his crime, he served four years in the United States Navy. He was married to Teresa "Terri" Hunter, but divorced in 1989.
Originally given a sentence of death in May 1984, his sentence has since been commuted to life without the possibility of parole after a retrial in February 2002.
Crime and trial
On the evening of December 28, 1981, Jay and Ruth Hunter, Michael's father and stepmother, were shot to death in the bedroom of their home in Pacifica, California. The events surrounding their death, as revealed through the evidence and testimony at trial, were as follows.
In November 1981, about a month before the homicides, Hunter told his friend, Thomas Henkemeyer, of plans to kill his father and stepmother. According to Henkemeyer, Hunter laid out several scenarios for possible alibis, including taking out a hiking permit in Yosemite National Park and then returning to commit the murders, or going down to San Diego where friends would purportedly provide an alibi. Based on earlier conversations with Hunter, Henkemeyer concluded that Hunter's motive for the planned killings was to take "revenge" for a number of perceived grievances, including an incident in which his stepmother had reported Hunter for breaking into his parents' home while they were away on vacation, and his stepmother's handling of his natural mother's will, which Hunter believed resulted in his being cheated out of his inheritance. Hunter also discussed possible methods of transporting and concealing a rifle or shotgun.
About a month later, on the evening of December 28, a neighbor of Jay and Ruth Hunter was awakened by a loud "bang or shot" from the direction of the Hunter residence. He heard four more shots in quick succession. On or about the same evening in late December, Philip Eldred was walking two dogs a short distance from the Hunter residence when he encountered a man wearing a leather jacket and a motorcycle helmet. For no apparent reason the man told Eldred to leave the area. Eldred refused. In response, the man pointed a long object (which Eldred then realized was a shotgun) at Eldred's face, kicked him in the thigh and retreated behind a cyclone fence several feet away. He then fired a shotgun blast in Eldred's direction, entered a small, burgundy-colored car parked nearby, and drove away. Eldred stated that the man appeared to be in his early 20s and of medium build. Hunter was 23 at the time of the offenses.
The bodies of Jay and Ruth Hunter were discovered the following day, December 29, 1981, after the police were alerted that the front door of the residence was wide open and a window on the side of the door was broken out. The police found both bodies in the master bedroom. The body of Jay Hunter was on the bed; that of Ruth Hunter was lying against the far wall, on top of the telephone receiver. Eight expended shotgun casings were found on the floor. Autopsies revealed that Ruth Hunter had died of two shotgun wounds to the head, either of which was sufficient to cause death. Jay Hunter had suffered four shotgun wounds. One shot to the upper chest that had apparently caused death was fired from a distance. Three other shots, to the neck, abdomen and left knee, had been fired from much closer range and were consistent with having been inflicted where the victim lay.
During the next several days, Henkemeyer, still in Minnesota visiting his family, received two telephone calls from Hunter. In the first call, Hunter told Henkemeyer that he had killed his mother and father and was trying to decide what to do. During the second call, a day or two later, Hunter said that he had spoken with a lawyer, was preparing to leave the country, and asked him to sell some of his belongings. He also indicated that he had been seen by a stranger after the killings but doubted that an identification could be made because he was wearing a helmet. When Henkemeyer returned home to Sacramento on New Year's Day, he found that the shotgun Hunter had left was missing.
On the way to the San Jose Airport, Hunter stopped at a barbershop and had his beard and moustache shaved off. Hunter asked another friend (Jefferson Schar) to obtain a phony birth certificate for him under the name John Dunne. After obtaining a ticket to San Diego under a false name, Hunter told Schar that he planned to contact a friend named Jeffrey Luther in San Diego and instructed Schar to forward the phony birth certificate to him there.
Luther received a telephone call from Hunter on January 3, 1982. The two arranged to meet at a restaurant in San Ysidro, near the U.S.-Mexican border. At the restaurant, Hunter told Luther that he was "wanted for murder" and explained the circumstances of the shootings. Hunter told him that he had confronted his father and threatened to shoot him. His father responded, "You don't have the balls." In response, Hunter told Luther, he "pumped four slugs into him."
Following the conversation in San Ysidro, Luther saw Hunter again in a hotel in the Mexican town of Las Playas. Luther agreed to purchase some items for him. After the meeting in Mexico, however, Luther contacted the police, who advised him not to meet Hunter again in Mexico but rather to lure him back across the border. Accordingly, Luther arranged to meet Hunter again at the restaurant in San Ysidro where they had met earlier. When Hunter appeared at the restaurant, he was arrested.
Following his arrest, Hunter was incarcerated in the San Mateo County jail. Joseph Lauricella, Hunter's cellmate, testified that Hunter gave him a number of descriptions of how the murders occurred. Hunter also told him that he had been turned in by a Navy buddy (Luther) and offered Lauricella $1,000 to have him killed.
Even as Hunter was fleeing to Mexico, the police investigation into the killings was focusing on him as the prime suspect. A search of Hunter's house and two vehicles uncovered a cleaning bill for a leather jacket which stated "pre-spot for blood." The police also found a shirt with blood on it and a black motorcycle helmet. Glass fragments found inside a pair of Hunter's socks and gloves matched glass fragments from the broken window of the Hunter residence.
Finally, a number of prosecution witnesses testified about Hunter's troubled relationship with his father and stepmother. Hunter's father and natural mother, June Hunter, had separated and divorced in 1973. June Hunter died of cancer in 1979. Following the divorce, Jay Hunter married Ruth Chatburn Hunter. Hunter's sister, who was the administrator of her mother's estate, asked Ruth, a lawyer, to handle the probate. Ruth eventually removed herself from the case, however, because of an argument with Hunter sometime in 1980. Hunter felt that he had been cheated of his share of the estate. According to a former roommate of Hunter, the dispute became so acrimonious that it caused a rupture of all contacts between Hunter and his father.
The acrimony was apparently mutual. Only a month before the murders, in late November 1981, Hunter's father instructed his attorney to delete from his will any inheritance for Michael. Mr. Hunter indicated that the matter was not urgent, however, and could wait until the new year. At the time of the murders in late December, the will had not been changed.
Prison writings
Michael Wayne Hunter has won numerous awards for his writing, including many of the essays that are featured on www.prisonwall.org and other places around the Internet. His work has also appeared in various periodicals and book collections.
Crime and Punishment: Inside Views (1st Ed.) . Contributor of an essay entitled "The Sixth Commandment", Chapter 5, Story 39. Book edited by Robert Johnson (American University) and Hans Toch (State University of New York at Albany).
Undoing time: American prisoners in their own words . Contributed "Another day". Edited by Jeff Evans.
External links
People v. Hunter (1989) 49 C3d 957 Appellate case which details both the prosecution case against him and his defense.
498 U.S. 887 (1990, U.S. Supreme Court) Denied Writ of Certiorari, October 1, 1990.
Collected essays by Michael Wayne Hunter
www.prisonwall.org
American people convicted of murder
United States Navy sailors
Living people
1958 births
People convicted of murder by California
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Patricides
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by California |
4017688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMIC | MIMIC | MIMIC, known in capitalized form only, is a former simulation computer language developed 1964 by H. E. Petersen, F. J. Sansom and L. M. Warshawsky of Systems Engineering Group within the Air Force Materiel Command at the Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio, United States. It is an expression-oriented continuous block simulation language, but capable of incorporating blocks of FORTRAN-like algebra.
MIMIC is a further development from MIDAS (Modified Integration Digital Analog Simulator), which represented analog computer design. Written completely in FORTRAN but one routine in COMPASS, and ran on Control Data supercomputers, MIMIC is capable of solving much larger simulation models.
With MIMIC, ordinary differential equations describing mathematical models in several scientific disciplines as in engineering, physics, chemistry, biology, economics and as well as in social sciences can easily be solved by numerical integration and the results of the analysis are listed or drawn in diagrams. It also enables the analysis of nonlinear dynamic conditions.
The MIMIC software package, written as FORTRAN overlay programs, executes input statements of the mathematical model in six consecutive passes. Simulation programs written in MIMIC are compiled rather than interpreted. The core of the simulation package is a variable step numerical integrator of fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Many useful functions related to electrical circuit elements exist besides some mathematical functions found in most scientific programming languages. There is no need to sort the statements in order of dependencies of the variables, since MIMIC does it internally.
Parts of the software organized in overlays are:
MIMIN (input)– reads in user simulation program and data,
MIMCO (compiler) – compiles the user program and creates an in-core array of instructions,
MIMSO (sort)– sorts the instructions array after dependencies of variables,
MIMAS (assembler) – converts the BCD instructions into machine-oriented code,
MIMEX (execute)– executes the user program by integrating,
MIMOUT (output)– puts out the data as a list or diagram of data.
Example
Problem
Consider a predator-prey model from the field of marine biology to determine the dynamics of fish and shark populations. As a simple model, we choose the Lotka–Volterra equation and the constants given in a tutorial.
If
f(t): Fish population over time (fish)
s(t): Shark population over time (sharks)
df / dt or : growth rate of fish population (fish/year)
ds / dt or : growth rate of shark population (sharks/year)
: growth rate of fish in the absence of sharks (1/year)
: death rate per encounter of fish with sharks (1/sharks and year).
: death rate of sharks in the absence of their prey, fish (1/year)
: efficiency of turning predated fish into sharks (sharks/fish)
then
with initial conditions
The problem's constants are given as:
= 600 fish
= 50 sharks
= 0.7 fish/year
= 0.007 fish/shark and year
= 0.5 shark/year
= 0.1 shark/fish
tmax = 50 year
Code sample
Card columns
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
* A SIMPLE PREDATOR-PREY MODEL FROM MARINE BIOLOGY
/ (TUTORIAL 2: NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF ODE'S - 19/08/02)
/ ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS LAB
/ DEPT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERİNG
/ STANFORD UNIVERSITY
*
* LOTKA–VOLTERRA EQUATION
CON(F0,S0,TMAX)
CON(ALPHA,BETA,GAMMA,EPS)
1DF = ALPHA*F-BETA*F*S
F = INT(1DF,F0)
1DS = EPS*BETA*F*S-GAMMA*S
S = INT(1DS,S0)
HDR(TIME,FISH,SHARK)
OUT(T,F,S)
PLO(F,S)
FIN(T,TMAX)
END
<EOR>
600. 50. 50.
0.7 0.007 0.5 0.1
<EOF>
References
Notes
Control Data MIMIC; A Digital Simulation Language, Reference Manual, Publication Number 4461n400, Control Data Corporation, Special Systems Publications, St. Paul, Minnesota (April 1968)
MIMIC, An Alternative Programming Language for Industrial Dynamics, N.D. Peterson, Socio-Econ Plan Sci. 6, Pergamon 1972
MIMIC Manual (1969), Computer Center Oregon State University
Object-oriented programming languages
Numerical programming languages
Simulation programming languages
Control Data Corporation software
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
Programming languages created in 1964
Fortran software |
4017696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Pap | Arthur Pap | Arthur Pap (October 1, 1921 - September 7, 1959) was a philosopher in the school of analytic philosophy. Pap published a number of books regarding analytical philosophy, its function within philosophy, and its impact on society.
Life and works
Pap was born October 1, 1921, in Zürich, Switzerland in a Jewish family. His musical talent was revealed early and his passion for playing the piano remained through all of his life. In high school Pap developed also a passion for philosophy and enrolled at Zürich University, where took courses in philosophy and logic from Karl Dürr. At the start of World War II the family fled to the United States and, in 1941, settled in New York City. Pap entered the Juilliard School of Music where he spent a term before starting his studies at Columbia in the fall of 1941. After obtaining his BA at Columbia, Pap went to Yale University in 1943 for his master's degree. Ernst Cassirer, who was guest professor at Yale from 1941 to 1944, became his supervisor and provided the original stimulus for Pap's work on hypothetical necessity and the functional a priori. In 1944 Pap went back to Columbia where he completed his PhD thesis under the supervision of Ernest Nagel, who first rejected the manuscript. However, it won the Woodbridge Prize for best philosophical dissertation and was subsequently published as The A Priori in Physical Theory (1946). Pap started teaching at various universities and had the opportunity to meet some leading philosophers, notably Rudolf Carnap, with whom he developed a lasting friendship.
During the first years of his career Pap worked on what is now perhaps his best-known book, Elements of Analytic Philosophy. Taking a break, next he published a translation of Viktor Kraft's Der Wiener Kreis. Kraft recommended him to be a Fulbright lecturer at Vienna University for the academic year 1953–54. Paul Feyerabend became his assistant there and helped in the publication of the lectures.
Returning from Europe, Pap stayed briefly at Lehigh University, then took succession from Carl Hempel as analytic philosopher of science at Yale. There he read courses and held seminars on logic, probability and induction, the philosophy of Russell, and the history of analytic philosophy. In 1957, he edited in collaboration with Paul Edwards the well-known textbook A Modern Introduction to Philosophy. In the summer of 1959, Pap completed a book, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science, which appeared posthumously. Arthur Pap died on 7 September 1959, shortly before his 38th birthday, from kidney disease.
List of works
The a Priori in Physical Theory. New York: King's Crown Press, 1946.
Elements of Analytic Philosophy, New York: Macmillan, 1949.
Analytische Erkenntnistheorie: Kritische Übersicht über die neueste Entwicklung in USA und England. Vienna: Springer, 1955.
A Modern Introduction to Philosophy: Readings from Classical and Contemporary Sources. New York: Free Press, 1957. Co-editor with Paul Edwards.
Semantics and Necessary Truth: An Inquiry Into the Foundations of Analytic Philosophy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958.
An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. New York: The Free Press, 1962.
References
External links
Brand Blanshard: Arthur Pap: A Memoir. (1962)
1921 births
1959 deaths
Analytic philosophers
Philosophers of science
Deaths from nephritis
Swiss emigrants to the United States
American philosophers
Juilliard School alumni
Columbia University alumni
Yale University alumni
American expatriates in Austria |
4017707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20San%20Diego%20Padres%20owners%20and%20executives | List of San Diego Padres owners and executives | This article is a list of the all-time owners and executives for the San Diego Padres, a Major League Baseball (MLB) club based in [[San Diego|San Diego, California
Owners
C. Arnholt Smith 1969-1974
Ray Kroc 1974-1984
Joan Kroc 1984-1990
Tom Werner 1990-1996
John Moores 1996-2009
Jeff Moorad 2009-2013
Ron Fowler 2013-2021
Peter Seidler 2013-2022
General Managers
Other executives
Sandy Alderson
Buzzie Bavasi
Mike Dee
Paul DePodesta
Larry Doughty
Theo Epstein
Chub Feeney
Billy Herman
Sandy Johnson
Larry Lucchino
Jeff Moorad
Jim Skaalen
Reggie Waller
External links
Baseball America: Executive Database
Lists of Major League Baseball owners and executives
Owners and executives |
4017712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura%20Shapiro%20Kramer | Laura Shapiro Kramer | Laura Shapiro Kramer (born July 27, 1948) is an American author, producer and film maker. Not to be confused with Food Historian, Laura Shapiro.
Personal life
Born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts, Shapiro Kramer left New England to attend the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the 1960s. In 1969 she moved to Los Angeles where she attended UCLA studying Film and Art History. In 1979, she married Jay Kramer, an attorney whose clients include Stephen King, Tom Jones and Harvey Schmidt, Christopher Curtis, the estate of James Clavell.
Career
In 1975 Shapiro Kramer began working with Steve Leber and David Krebs. Working with Leber and Krebs, Laura helped them manage the first national tour of Jesus Christ Superstar from 1976 to 1980.
In 1991 after publishing an article about the Feldenkrais method in Family Circle, Shapiro Kramer was a guest on The Oprah Winfrey Show. In 1995 Shapiro Kramer published the memoir Uncommon Voyage about her experiences parenting a child with special needs. The book had a second edition in 2002. Laura reworked the story of raising her son into a guidebook for other parents and in 2017 it was published digitally. This new edition, titled Uncommon Voyage: Parenting Children with Special Needs, A Guidebook, received high praise in Publishers Weekly and other reviews.
Shapiro Kramer sold David Mamet's first tele-play ''Smashville to ABC in 1991 and developed Scramble with Richard Wesley for Universal Pictures. In 1983 Shapiro Kramer produced John Byrne's Slab Boys on Broadway directed by Robert Allan Ackerman and starring Sean Penn, Kevin Bacon, Val Kilmer and Madeline Potter. Her production won an Outer Critics Circle Award for Ackerman. She was part of the producing team of Amerika starring Madeline Kahn at the Santa Fe Festival Theater and with other play productions at the Berkshire Theater Festival in Stockbridge, Mass.
Kramer was an independent consultant for Friends of Bezalel, www.bezalelfriends.org, the National Academy of Arts and Design in Jerusalem and The Sculptors Guild.
In 2013 and 2014 Kramer's articles about her travels began appearing in newspapers like The Forward who published the articles with her photos about Tasmania (2013) and Iran (2014).
In November 2005 Shapiro Kramer published "Laura and Myriam's Incredible Albanian Vacation" in Illyria, an Albanian/American newspaper from Bardha Publications. The article described her travels to Albania, Kosovo, and the Balkans and the documentary film Shqiperi she was producing through NYFA, the New York Foundation for the Arts where she was the Project Director for The Albyon Project.
Not-for-profit
Shapiro Kramer was chair of the board of Resources for Children with Special Needs from 1995 - 2005. The organization is now known as INCLUDEnyc. She has also been on the board of directors for the New York City Outward Bound Center and the Iyengar Yoga Association of Greater New York where she is Founder and chair of the advisory board.
References
Living people
1948 births
Film producers from Massachusetts
American memoirists
American travel writers
American women travel writers
Writers from Boston
Jewish American writers
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American women |
4017716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordi%20Vilasuso | Jordi Vilasuso | Jordi Alejandro Vilasuso (; born June 15, 1981 in Miami, Florida) is a Cuban-American actor best known for originating the role of Tony Santos on the CBS soap opera Guiding Light from August 2000 until August 2003. He has also portrayed the roles of Griffin Castillo on All My Children from 2010 to 2011 and 2013, Dario Hernandez on Days of Our Lives from 2016 to 2017 and Rey Rosales on The Young and the Restless from 2018 to 2022.
Early life
Vilasuso was raised by his parents, Dr. Frank Vilasuso and Ana Vilasuso, in Coral Gables, Florida. He also has an older brother, Javier, and a younger sister, Marianne. Vilasuso attended Ransom Everglades High School and later Glendale Community College in California.
Career
Vilasuso began playing Tony Santos on Guiding Light in August 2000. In 2003, he won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal. Vilasuso was also nominated in the same category in 2002.
Vilasuso has appeared in the movies The Last Home Run, The Lost City, Heights and La Linea. He also appeared in other television programs such as 8 Simple Rules, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Numb3rs and CSI: Miami. In November 2010 he was signed on to play the contract role of Griffin Castillo on the soap opera All My Children. Vilasuso joined the cast of Days of Our Lives as Dario Hernandez in 2015. In July 2017, Vilasuso announced his departure from Days of Our Lives.
In July 2018, it was announced that Vilasuso would appear as Rey Rosales on the daytime soap opera The Young and The Restless. In March 2022, Vilasuso announced his departure from The Young and the Restless.
Personal life
In 2010, Vilasuso began dating actress Kaitlin Riley. Vilasuso and Riley were married on August 25, 2012 in Islamorada, Florida. They have two daughters: Riley Grace, born on November 26, 2012, and Everly Maeve born on July 15, 2016.
On April 9, 2020, he revealed that his family had mild cases of COVID-19 and have fully recovered.
Filmography
References
External links
1981 births
American male soap opera actors
Living people
American people of Cuban descent
American people of Catalan descent
Cuban people of Catalan descent
Male actors from Miami
Actors from Coral Gables, Florida
Daytime Emmy Award winners
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series winners |
4017725 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Avery%27s%20Castle | Harry Avery's Castle | Harry Avery's Castle is situated half a mile south-west of Newtownstewart, in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is a rare example of a stone castle built by a Gaelic Irish chief, although its origins and history are uncertain. It is associated with and named after Henry Aimhréidh O'Neill (died 1392), whose name was anglicised as Harry Avery. It is in the townland of Upper or New Deer Park, in the Derry and Strabane District Council area, at . The remains of the castle are a State Care Monument under the guardianship of the Northern Ireland Environment Agency.
Description
The standing part of the castle comprises a two-storey rectangular construction fronted by massive D-shaped twin towers. Although having the appearance of a gatehouse, this structure was in fact a simple tower house with the D-towers added to the front. The tower comprised a vaulted basement entered from a large door between the D-towers. Above this was a hall on the first floor level, which was accessed from the courtyard. The southerly D-tower contained a spiral stair linking the two storeys, and both D-towers contained small rooms at first floor, with single windows in their round walls. Traces of a mural stair lead up from the first floor, and there is a latrine chute leading up, suggesting at least a parapet at the second floor. Examination of the structure suggests that it was built in a single phase, rather than being a modification of an older gatehouse.
The design of the castle has been compared to that of Elagh Castle, Inishowen, which also appears to have been a native-built castle featuring D-towers. The inspiration is thought have come from Norman castles such as Carrickfergus Castle and Castle Roche, both of which have true gatehouses flanked by D-towers. The overall design of Harry Avery's Castle is also similar to other Gaelic fortresses such as Seafin, County Down, which were later enclosed by a curtain wall with a tower house.
The Annals of the Four Masters record the death of Harry Avery, "Enrí Aimhreidh mac Neill Móir Uí Néill", on the feast day of St Brendan, 1392, and praise his justice, nobility, and hospitality.
References
External links
Harry Avery's Castle, Discover Northern Ireland
Harry Avery's Castle, Irelandseye.com
See also
Castles in Northern Ireland
Castles in County Tyrone
Ruined castles in Northern Ireland |
4017731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdenemandal | Erdenemandal | Erdenenmandal (, ; "Jewel rise") is a small town located 73 miles north of the Arkhangai Aimag capital Tsetserleg, as well as a sum of the province.
There is a small central post office (with a phone) and also a small market area. Basic supplies can be purchased at the market area. Diesel and gasoline are available but not on a regular basis. The area may go days or longer without fuel for vehicles.
During the harsh Mongolian winters nomads from many miles away may relocate to the outskirts of Erdenemandal, setting up their gers (or yurts) in a manner to protect themselves from wind and snow.
Climate
Erdenemandal experiences a subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc) with long, dry, very cold winters and short, warm summers.
References
Populated places in Mongolia
Districts of Arkhangai Province |
4017735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20FieldTurf%20installations | List of FieldTurf installations | In 1999 the University of Nebraska–Lincoln installed FieldTurf in Memorial Stadium. In 2006, Nebraska installed new FieldTurf that alternates between two shades of green every five yards. Texas Tech University installed FieldTurf in Jones AT&T Stadium.
Nevada installed FieldTurf at its Mackay Stadium in 2000. The playing surface had been natural grass for 34 seasons.
FieldTurf was installed at Qwest Field (originally Seahawks Stadium) in 2002. The original plans called for a natural grass field at the new stadium, but due to the favorable reactions from players while playing at Husky Stadium, the Seahawks had FieldTurf installed instead.
On Tuesday, April 29, 2003, the Georgia World Congress Center Authority announced that it had selected FieldTurf as the new surface for the Georgia Dome, replacing the AstroTurf surface in use at the Dome since its inception in 1992.
Washington State University installed FieldTurf at its Martin Stadium in 2000. The University of Oregon installed NexTurf in Autzen Stadium in 2001 but the surface did not perform as expected and during remodeling in 2002 it was removed and replaced with FieldTurf. The University of Utah installed FieldTurf in 2002 and replaced it in 2009. Colorado State installed FieldTurf at its Hughes Stadium in 2006. The playing surface had been natural grass for 38 seasons.
The New England Patriots installed FieldTurf midway into the 2006 NFL season. The installation was made during a week when the team was on the road.
In 2004, Rutgers Stadium in Piscataway, New Jersey installed FieldTurf where the Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team plays. In 2007, the Saskatchewan Roughriders, a Canadian Football League (CFL) team, installed FieldTurf in Mosaic Stadium at Taylor Field. In April 2008, FieldTurf was installed at the new baseball stadium of Calvert Hall High School in Towson, Maryland, designed by Baltimore Orioles baseball great Cal Ripken.
National Football League (NFL)
CenturyLink Field in Seattle, Washington – 2002, 2008
Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan – 2002 (original), 2013
Georgia Dome in Atlanta – 2003, 2011
Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts – 2006 (26 Nov)
Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana – 2008
Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta – 2017
NFL practice facilities
Atlanta Falcons
Cleveland Browns, Lou Groza Center
Detroit Lions, Lions Practice Facility and Headquarters in Allen Park, Michigan
Green Bay Packers, Don Hutson Center
Jacksonville Jaguars
New England Patriots
San Diego Chargers, Chargers Park
Seattle Seahawks, VMAC Practice Facility
Washington Redskins
Canada
Clarke Park in Edmonton, Alberta
Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton, Alberta
Edmonton Soccer Dome in Edmonton, Alberta
Investors Group Field in Winnipeg, Manitoba
King George V Park in St. John's, Newfoundland
McMahon Stadium in Calgary, Alberta
Molson Stadium in Montreal
Mosaic Stadium at Taylor Field in Regina, Saskatchewan (2007)
Percy Perry Stadium / Town Centre Park (4 fields) in Coquitlam, British Columbia
Port Moody Field in Port Moody, British Columbia
Raymond Field at Acadia University in Wolfville, Nova Scotia
TD Place Stadium in Ottawa, Ontario
University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta
University of Western Ontario (TD Waterhouse Stadium) in London, Ontario
Veterans Memorial Field in New Waterford, Nova Scotia
Warrior Field at University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario
Major League Soccer
Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts
CenturyLink Field in Seattle
Providence Park in Portland, Oregon
Worldwide
Oriel Park in Dundalk, Ireland
Estadio Ricardo Saprissa in San José, Costa Rica
Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia
Borås Arena in Borås, Sweden
New Douglas Park in Hamilton, Scotland (now grass)
Tokyo Dome in Tokyo, Japan
Cardiff Arms Park in Cardiff, Wales
Rugby Park in Kilmarnock, Scotland
Priory Lane in Eastbourne, England
U.S. colleges
Abel Stadium at Nebraska Wesleyan University in Lincoln, Nebraska
Adams Field at Wayne State University in Detroit – 2006
AJ Knight Field at Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Worcester, Massachusetts – 2007
Al F. Caniglia Field at University of Nebraska at Omaha in Omaha, Nebraska
Albertsons Stadium (originally Bronco Stadium) at Boise State University in Boise, Idaho (continuing the stadium's uniqueness, the surface is colored blue)
Andy Coakley Field (baseball) at Columbia University in New York City
Andy Kerr Stadium at Colgate University in Hamilton, New York
Arizona Stadium at The University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona – 2013
Art Keller Field at Carthage College in Kenosha, Wisconsin
Autzen Stadium at the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon – 2002 – (Replaced NexTurf after one season of use)
Banta Bowl at Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin
BB&T Field at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina – Summer 2006
Biddle Field at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania – 2008
Bob Ford Field at University at Albany, SUNY in Albany, New York – 2013
Bob and Eveline Roberts P'10 Field at Steinbrenner Stadium at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Brandenburg Field at Pittsburg State University in Pittsburg, Kansas
Brown University: Berylson Family Fields (2007) and Richard Gouse Field at Brown Stadium (2021) in Providence, Rhode Island
Bruce R. Deaton Memorial Field (football, soccer) at Saint Xavier University in Chicago – 2006
Bridgeforth Stadium at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia
Brigham Field at Huskie Stadium at Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Illinois – 2001, 2009
Buchanan Family Field in Washington, D.C.
Butler Bowl at Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana
Cameron Stadium at Washington & Jefferson College in Washington, Pennsylvania
Camp Randall Stadium at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, Wisconsin – 2003, 2012
Capital One Field at Byrd Stadium at the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland – 2012 – replaced natural grass
Cardinal Stadium at the University of Louisville in Louisville, Kentucky
Carrier Dome at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York
Carson Park (Eau Claire, Wisconsin)
Christy Mathewson–Memorial Stadium at Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
Commonwealth Stadium at University of Kentucky in Lexington, Kentucky – 2015 – replaced natural grass
Owen T. Carroll Field (baseball, soccer) at Seton Hall University in South Orange, New Jersey – 2006
Case Western Reserve University Stadium at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio
Class of 1952 Stadium at Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey
Cougar Field at the University of Houston in Houston, Texas – 2013
D. Lloyd Wilson Field in Hastings, Nebraska
Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium at the University of Texas in Austin, Texas – 2009 – replaced natural grass
Dix Stadium at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio
Don and Nona Williams Stadium at University of Wisconsin-Stout in Menomonie, Wisconsin
Donald J. Schneider Stadium at St. Norbert College in De Pere, Wisconsin
Depew Field (baseball) at Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
Drake Stadium at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa
Dudley Field at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee
East Campus Stadium at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York
Ellis Field at Urbana University in Urbana, Ohio
Elwood Olsen Stadium at Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa
Eringhaus Field (soccer) at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Falcon Baseball Field at the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado
Falcon Stadium at the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado – 2006 – replaced natural grass
Foothill College in Los Altos Hills, California
Faurot Field at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri
Fisher Field at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania
Foster Field at the University of Nebraska at Kearney in Kearney, Nebraska
FIU Stadium at Florida International University in Miami, Florida
Fred Selfe Stadium at Emory & Henry College in Emory, Virginia
Gayle and Tom Benson Stadium at the University of the Incarnate Word in San Antonio, Texas – 2018
Georgia State Stadium in Atlanta – 2017
Gettler Stadium in Cincinnati
Gesling Stadium at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Goerke Field at University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point in Stevens Point, Wisconsin
Goss Stadium at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon (baseball – infield only)
Greer Field at Turchin Stadium at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana – 2007
Growney Stadium at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, New York – 2005
Hank Crisp Indoor Facility at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Harvard Stadium at Harvard University in Allston, Massachusetts
Hollingsworth Field at Vaught–Hemingway Stadium at the University of Mississippi in Oxford, Mississippi – 2009 – replaced AstroPlay
Husky Stadium at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington – 2000, 2009, 2013 (the surface's success at this stadium led to its selection by the Seattle Seahawks for use at Qwest Field) – 2002
Hotchkiss Field at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C. – completed in Fall 2008
Houchens Industries–L. T. Smith Stadium at Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green, Kentucky
Hansen Stadium at Dixie State College of Utah in St. George, Utah
Illinois Field (baseball) at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in Champaign, Illinois – 2007
Ingalls Field at Ripon College (Wisconsin) in Ripon, Wisconsin
Jake Christiansen Stadium at Concordia College in Moorhead, Minnesota – 2010
Jim Sweeney Field at Bulldog Stadium at California State University, Fresno in Fresno, California – 2011
Joan C. Edwards Stadium at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia – 2005 – replaced AstroTurf
Joe Walton Stadium at Robert Morris University in Moon Township, Pennsylvania
Jonah Field at War Memorial Stadium at the University of Wyoming in Laramie, Wyoming
Jones AT&T Stadium at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas
Kelly/Shorts Stadium at Central Michigan University in Mount Pleasant, Michigan – 2004
Kessler Field at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey
Kinnick Stadium at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa
Krenzler Field (soccer) at Cleveland State University in Cleveland, Ohio
Kidd Brewer Stadium at Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina – 2003
Sofield Indoor Center at Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina – 2007
Ladd–Peebles Stadium – municipally-owned stadium in Mobile, Alabama hosting the Senior Bowl, GoDaddy.com Bowl, Pioneer Bowl and home to the University of South Alabama Jaguars football team
Legion Field – a municipally-owned stadium in Birmingham, Alabama used by the University of Alabama at Birmingham
Liston Stadium at Baker University in Baldwin City, Kansas
Larry Mahaney Diamond at the University of Maine in Orono, Maine
Leonidoff Field at Marist College in Poughkeepsie, New York
Mackay Stadium at University of Nevada in Reno, Nevada – 2000 – replaced natural grass, 2010
UC Baseball Stadium (baseball) at the University of Cincinnati in Cincinnati – 2004
Martin Stadium at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington – 2000 – replaced sand-filled Omni-turf
Mazzella Field and Rice Oval at Iona College in New Rochelle, New York – completed in Fall 2007
McCulloch Stadium at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon
Memorial Stadium at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in Champaign, Illinois – 2008 – replaced GameDay Grass, plus:
Memorial Stadium at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas
Memorial Stadium at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, Nebraska (the first college-only football stadium to use FieldTurf in 1999), plus these other facilities at the school:
Hawks Championship Center – Nebraska Cornhuskers indoor training facility
Ed and Joyanne Gass Practice Fields – Nebraska Cornhuskers outdoor training facility
Cook Pavilion – University Campus Recreation facility
Vine Street Fields – University Campus Recreation intramural fields
Mabel Lee Fields – University Campus Recreation intramural fields
Michie Stadium at the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York
Michigan Stadium at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan (2003), (2010), plus:
Oosterbaan Fieldhouse, the football program's indoor practice facility (2001)
Mooradian Field at the University of New Hampshire in Durham, New Hampshire
Motamed Field (lacrosse, soccer) at Adelphi University in Garden City, New York – 2008
Mountaineer Field at Milan Puskar Stadium at the West Virginia University in Morgantown, West Virginia
Multi-Sport Field at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.
Municipal Stadium at Hope College in Holland, Michigan – 2012
Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland (2005),
Nicholson Fieldhouse at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida – 2005
Nogoesco Field (soccer) at the University of San Francisco in San Francisco
Notre Dame Stadium at the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana – including indoor and outdoor practice fields
O'Shaugnessy Stadium in St. Paul, Minnesota
Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan (First installation in Michigan) – 1998
Ohio Stadium at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio – 2007
Ohio State University Marching Band practice facility at The Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio
Oliver C. Dawson Stadium at South Carolina State University in Orangeburg, South Carolina – 2006
Peoples Bank Field at Ottawa University in Ottawa, Kansas – 2007
Perkins Stadium at University of Wisconsin-Whitewater in Whitewater, Wisconsin
Plaster Sports Complex at Missouri State University in Springfield, Missouri
Princeton Stadium at Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey
Providence Park at Portland State University in Portland, Oregon
Ralph E. Davis Pioneer Stadium at University of Wisconsin–Platteville
Ramer Field at University of Wisconsin-River Falls in River Falls, Wisconsin
Reser Stadium at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon – 2005
Rice Stadium at Rice University in Houston, Texas
Rice-Eccles Stadium at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah
Robert K. Kraft Field at Lawrence A. Wien Stadium at Columbia University in New York – 2005
Rockbowl Stadium at Loras College in Dubuque, Iowa
Rooney Field at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Roos Field at Eastern Washington University in Cheney, Washington has red turf
Ross Memorial Park and Alexandre Stadium at Washington & Jefferson College
Rutgers Stadium at Rutgers University in Piscataway, New Jersey
Rynearson Stadium at Eastern Michigan University in Ypsilanti, Michigan – original installation in 2005, replaced with a new gray FieldTurf surface in 2014
Roy Stewart Stadium at Murray State University in Murray, Kentucky 2007
Saluki Stadium at Southern Illinois University Carbondale in Carbondale, Illinois (2010)
Scheumann Stadium at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana
Schneider Stadium at Carroll University in Waukesha, Wisconsin
Schoellkopf Field at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York- 2008
Seth Grove Stadium at Shippensburg University in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania – 2010
Simon Field at Doane College in Crete, Nebraska
Skelly Field at H. A. Chapman Stadium at the University of Tulsa in Tulsa, Oklahoma – 2000, 2013
Sonny Lubick Field at Hughes Stadium at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado – 2006 – replaced natural grass
South Recreational Area Fields at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia – 2015
Stagg Field at Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts – 2007
TCF Bank Stadium at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis – 2009
Terwilliger Brothers Field at Max Bishop Stadium (baseball) at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland – 2005
Titan Stadium at University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh in Oshkosh, Wisconsin – 2005
Tom Adams Field at Wayne State University in Detroit – 2006
Tubby Raymond Field at Delaware Stadium at the University of Delaware in Newark, Delaware
Van Andel Soccer Stadium at Hope College in Holland, Michigan – 2009
Vendetti Field at Nichols College in Dudley, Massachusetts – 2005
Harring Field at Veterans Memorial Stadium (La Crosse) at University of Wisconsin-La Crosse in La Crosse, Wisconsin
Virtue Field (lacrosse, soccer) at University of Vermont in Burlington, Vermont – 2012
Waldo Stadium at Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan – 2006
Walter J. Zable Stadium at The College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia – 2006
Walkup Skydome at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, Arizona – 2008 – replaced AstroTurf
Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium at University of Massachusetts Amherst in Amherst, Massachusetts – 2006
William J. Bonomo Memorial Field at Adelphi University in Garden City, New York – Baseball, 2007
Williams Stadium at Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia
Wish Field at DePaul University in Chicago – 2005
Xavier University Soccer Complex in Cincinnati
Yager Stadium at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio
U.S. high schools
Alabama
Cullman High School, Cullman, Alabama 2010
Alaska
Anchorage Football Stadium, Anchorage, Alaska 1999,
Dimond High Alumni Field, Anchorage, Alaska
Chugiak Stadium, Chugiak, Alaska – 2008
Mulcahy Stadium, Anchorage, Alaska 2009
Arizona
Arcadia High School – Scottsdale, Arizona – 2010
Chaparral High School – Scottsdale, Arizona – 2009
Marana High School – Tucson, Arizona – 2013
Maricopa High School – Maricopa, Arizona – 2014
Mountain View High School – Tucson, Arizona – 2013
Winslow High School – Winslow, Arizona – 2008
California
Trabuco Hills High School – Mission Viejo, California – 2006
Pittsburg High School – Pittsburg, California – 2003
Gonsalves Stadium – Clayton Valley High School, Concord, California – 2004
The Bishop's School, La Jolla, California
Ted Slavin Field – Harvard-Westlake School, North Hollywood – 2003
Los Altos High School – Los Altos
Carl Anderson Football Field – Mountain View – 2003
Amador Valley High School – Pleasanton – 2000
Pat Tillman Stadium – Leland High School, San Jose, California – 2004
La Canada High School – La Cañada Flintridge, California
Los Altos High School – Los Altos, California
Rancho Bernardo High School – San Diego – 2005
Redwood High School – Larkspur – 2004
Torrey Pines High School – San Diego – 2003
Vista High School – Vista – 2004
Mount Carmel High School – San Diego – 2005
Marin Catholic High School – Kentfield – 2006
Marin Academy – San Rafael – 1999
Mission Viejo High School–Mission Viejo, California-2006
Laguna Hills High School–Laguna Hills, California-2006
La Jolla High School–La Jolla, California
Saratoga High School–Saratoga, California-2004
Berkeley High School–Berkeley, California-2006
Reedley High School–Reedley, California-2006
Madera High School – Madera, California – 2006
Central High School – Fresno, California – 2007
Saint Francis High School, La Canada-Flintridge, California-2004
Loyola High School, Los Angeles – 2006
Point Loma High School, San Diego – 2000
Sonora High School – Sonora, California
Oakdale High School – Oakdale, California
Mountain View High School – Mountain View, California
Del Mar High School San Jose, California – original installation in 2006, replaced with a new FieldTurf surface in 2017
Ygnacio Valley High School Concord, California – 2006
Connecticut
East Hartford High School- East Hartford, Connecticut
Glastonbury High School – Glastonbury, Connecticut – 2007
Guilford High School – Guilford, Connecticut – 2008
Hamden High School – Hamden, Connecticut-2001
King Low Heywood Thomas – Stamford, Connecticut- 2007
Kingswood-Oxford School – West Hartford, Connecticut- 2007
Manchester High School - Manchester, Connecticut- 2016
Norwalk High School – Norwalk, Connecticut – 1999, Re-installed in 2010
Norwich Free Academy – Norwich, Connecticut – 2010
Ridgefield High School – Ridgefield, Connecticut- 2001
St. Luke's School – New Canaan, Connecticut – 2006
Stamford High School – Stamford, Connecticut – 2011
Wethersfield High School – Wethersfield, Connecticut – 2004
Wilton High School – Wilton, Connecticut – 2003
Colorado
Dutch Clark Stadium–Pueblo, Colorado-2005
Delaware
DeGroat Field – Tower Hill School, Wilmington, Delaware
District of Columbia
St. Johns Upper Field – (St. Johns College High School), Washington, D.C.
Florida
St. Thomas Aquinas High School, Brian Piccolo Stadium, Fort Lauderdale – 2007
Bishop Verot High School (Fort Myers, Florida)- 2007
Palm Bay High School (Melbourne, Florida)
Melbourne Central Catholic High School (Melbourne, Florida) – 2006
Jesuit High School of Tampa
Lake Mary High School - 2014
Georgia
McEachern High School, Powder Springs – 2005
Callaway Stadium, LaGrange- 2004
Grisham Stadium, Carrollton – 2008
Hoskyn Stadium, Riverwood High School – Sandy Springs – 2007
Staples Stadium, Heard County High School – Franklin – 2008
Union County High School – Blairsville – 2011
Etowah High School, Woodstock – 2009
Lumpkin County High School, Dahlonega, Georgia – 2009
McConnell-Talbert Stadium (Playing field of Houston County, Warner Robins, and Northside high schools) Warner Robins, Georgia – to be installed in 2015
Hawaii
Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii
Clarence T.C. Ching Field, University of Hawai`i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
Hugh Yoshida Stadium, Leilehua High School, Wahiawa, Hawaii
John Kauinana Stadium, Mililani High School, Mililani, Hawaii
James B. Castle High School, Kaneohe, Hawaii
Kamehameha Schools Maui Campus, Pukalani, Hawaii
President Theodore Roosevelt High School, Honolulu, Hawaii
Saint Louis School, Honolulu, Hawaii
Indiana
Avon High School – Avon, Indiana
Ben Davis High School – Indianapolis, Indiana
Evansville Bosse High School – Evansville, Indiana – 2009
Brebeuf Jesuit Preparatory School – Indianapolis, Indiana – 2011
Carmel High School – Carmel, Indiana
Cathedral High School – Indianapolis, Indiana
Center Grove High School – Greenwood, Indiana
Crown Point High School – Crown Point, Indiana
Evansville Central High School – Evansville, Indiana – 2009
Evansville Reitz High School – Evansville, Indiana – 2009
Gibson Southern High School – Fort Branch, Indiana – 2014
Greenwood Community High School – Greenwood, Indiana – 2012
Hamilton Southeastern High School – Fishers, Indiana
Hobart High School – Hobart, Indiana – 2009
Homestead High School – Fort Wayne, Indiana
Knightstown High School – Knightstown, Indiana – 2012
Lafayette Jefferson High School – Lafayette, Indiana
Lawrence Central High School – Indianapolis, Indiana
Lawrence North High School – Indianapolis, Indiana
Merrillville High School – Merrillville, Indiana
North Central High School – Indianapolis, Indiana
Pike High School – Indianapolis, Indiana – 2007
Plainfield High School – Plainfield, Indiana
Roncalli High School – Indianapolis, Indiana
Southridge High School – Huntingburg, Indiana – 2010
Warren Central High School – Indianapolis, Indiana – 2003
Valparaiso High School - Valparaiso, Indiana - 2007
Zionsville Community High School – Zionsville, Indiana
Illinois
Champaign Central High School, Champaign
Carmel Catholic High School, Mundelein
Lake Zurich High School, Lake Zurich
Libertyville High School, Libertyville
Lincoln-Way Central High School, New Lenox
Lincoln-Way East High School, Frankfort
Marian Catholic High School, Chicago Heights
Riverside Brookfield High School, Riverside
St. Ignatius College Prep, Chicago
Wheaton North High School, Wheaton
Wheaton Warrenville South High School, Wheaton
Evanston Township High School, Evanston, Illinois
Niles West High School, Skokie
Grayslake North High School, Grayslake, Illinois
Grayslake Central High School, Grayslake, Illinois
Nazareth Academy, La Grange Park, Illinois
Warren Township High School, Gurnee, Illinois
St. Rita of Cascia High School, Chicago
Ridgewood High School (Illinois), Norridge, Illinois
Elmwood Park High School, Elmwood Park, Illinois
Vernon Hills High School, Vernon Hills, Illinois
Pinckneyville Community High School, Pinckneyville, Illinois
Du Quoin High School, Du Quoin, Illinois
Carterville High School, Carterville, Illinois
Johnston City High School, Johnston City, Illinois
Montini Catholic High School, Lombard, Illinois
Homewood-Flossmoor High School, Flossmoor, Illinois
Providence Catholic High School, New Lenox, Illinois
Joliet West High School, Joliet, Illinois
Lemont High School, Lemont, Illinois
Iowa
Johnston High School, Johnston, Iowa, used by Johnston High School athletics and occasionally Dowling Catholic High School athletics – 2005
Urbandale High School, Urbandale, Iowa, Used by Urbandale High School Athletics – 2008
Newton High School, Newton, Iowa, used by Newton High School
Beckman High School, Dyersville, Iowa, used by Beckman High School Athletics – 2010
Kingston Stadium, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Used by all three metro high school athletics – 2009
Linn-Mar Stadium, Marion, Iowa, Used for Linn-Mar High School Athletics- Spring 2011
Clear Creek Amana High School, Tiffin, Iowa
Kansas
Andover District Stadium, Andover, used by Andover High School and Andover Central High School.
Blue Valley High School, Stilwell, used by Blue Valley High school and Blue Valley West High School.
Chanute Community Sports Complex, Chanute – 2004
Goddard High School, Goddard – 2000
Fischer Field, Newton – 2004, current home to KSHSAA 8-man state football championships.
Gowans Stadium, Hutchinson – 2005, also used by Hutchinson Community College
Hummer Sports Complex, Topeka – 2003
Hutchinson Field, Pittsburg- 2006, used by Pittsburg High School and Colgan-St. Mary's High School
Memorial Stadium, Dodge City – 2006, also used by Dodge City Community College
Memorial Stadium, Garden City – 2004, also used by Garden City Community College
Stanley Stadium, Rose Hill, Kansas – 2005, used by Rose Hill Junior Football, Rose Hill Middle School, and Rose Hill High School.
Veterans Memorial Stadium, Coffeyville – 2003, also used by Coffeyville Community College.
Wichita Collegiate School, Wichita – 2011
Circle District Stadium, Towanda, Kansas, used by Circle High School and Circle Recreation athletic teams.
All Wichita public high schools have Matrix Turf from Hellas Construction. South, Heights, and Northwest have it on their main varsity fields, while Southeast, North, East, and West have it on their junior varsity fields since they do not have a varsity stadium.
Kentucky
Joseph K. Ford Stadium, Lexington Catholic High School, Lexington – 1999
Edgar McNab Field Beechwood High School, Fort Mitchell – 2001
Marshall Stadium, Trinity High School, St. Matthews – 2005
Steele Stadium, Owensboro Catholic High School, Owensboro – 2007
Louisiana
Cougar Stadium – St. Thomas More Catholic High School, Lafayette, Louisiana – 2006
Yockey Bernard Field at Harvey Peltier Stadium – Edward Douglas White Catholic High School, Thibodaux, Louisiana – 2013
Maine
Fitzpatrick Stadium- Portland High School, Portland, Maine
Weatherbee Sports Complex- Hampden Academy, Hampden, Maine
Maryland
Broadneck High School – Annapolis, Maryland – first high school with turf field
Hope Field and Brumbaugh Field, St. Andrew's Episcopal School, Potomac, Maryland
Riverdale Baptist School, Landover, Maryland
Massachusetts
Hanson Memorial Field – Somerset Berkley Regional High School, Somerset, Massachusetts – 2013
Oliver Ames High School, North Easton, Massachusetts – 2009
Catholic Memorial High School, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
Cawley Memorial Stadium, Lowell, Massachusetts
Donovan Field at Brother Gilbert Stadium – Malden Catholic High School, Malden, Massachusetts – 2004
Hanlon Field Medway High School, Medway, Massachusetts- 2004
Harvard Stadium, Allston, Massachusetts
Hittenger Field- Belmont High School, Belmont, Massachusetts-2003
Auburn Memorial Field – Auburn High School (Massachusetts) – 2006
Flyer Field – Framingham High School, Framingham, Massachusetts – 2006
Manning Bowl- Lynn, Massachusetts
Marciano Stadium Brockton High School, Brockton, Massachusetts
Milford High School, Milford, Massachusetts
Arthur I. Hurd Field Oakmont Regional High School, Ashburnham, Massachusetts – 2007
Mac Aldrich Field, B.M.C. Durfee High School, Fall River, Massachusetts
Newton South High School, Newton, Massachusetts
Belmont Hill School, Belmont, Massachusetts
Walpole High School, Walpole, Massachusetts
Woburn Memorial High School, Woburn, Massachusetts
Alexo Tiger Stadium, Taunton High School, Taunton, Massachusetts- 2008
Arthur Roberts Stadium, Holyoke High
North Field, Medway High School Medway MA 2014
South Field, Medway High School Medway MA 2014School, Holyoke, Massachusetts 2001
World War II Veterans Memorial Field, Canton High School, Canton, Massachusetts – 2005
Reading Memorial High School, Reading, Massachusetts – 2007
Parker Middle School, Reading, Massachusetts – 2009
Worcester Academy, Worcester, Massachusetts – 2011
Eugene V. Lovely Memorial Field – Andover, Massachusetts- 2007
W. Leo Shields Memorial Field, Barnstable (Planned)
Pembroke High School, Pembroke, Massachusetts
Michigan
Canton High School, Canton – 2003
Chelsea High School, Jerry Niehaus Field, Chelsea – 2008
Detroit Country Day School, Shaw Stadium, Beverly Hills – 1998 (first installation of FieldTurf in the United States for a high school)
Holland Christian High School, Holland – 2000
Huron High School, Ann Arbor – 2004
Jackson High School, Withington Community Stadium (shared stadium with Lumen Christi High School), Jackson – 2008
Otsego High School, Bulldog Stadium, Otsego – 2007
Pioneer High School, Ann Arbor – 2004
Pontiac High School, Wisner Stadium, Pontiac, Michigan – 2006 (Donated after use for Super Bowl XL practices ceased.)
Southfield High School, Southfield – 2003
Southfield-Lathrup High School, Lathrup Village – 2003
Saline High School, Saline – 2004
Minnesota
StarsDome – Academy of Holy Angels, Richfield, Minnesota – 2004
Lakeville North High School, Lakeville, Minnesota – 2008
Mississippi
Olive Branch High School – Olive Branch, Mississippi – 2008
Tupelo High School - Tupelo, Mississippi - 2016
Missouri
Francis Field – Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri – 2004
Pirate Stadium – Platte County High School, Platte City, Missouri – 2002
Rockhurst Field – Rockhurst High School, Kansas City, Missouri – 2001
Tiger Stadium – Excelsior Springs High School, Excelsior Springs, Missouri – 2004
Hickman High School Columbia, Missouri – 2006
Rock Bridge High School Columbia, Missouri – 2006
Klemm Field – Christian Brothers College High School St. Louis, Missouri – 2003
St. Louis University High School Field – St. Louis University High School, St. Louis, Missouri – Date Unknown
Nebraska
15 of the 16 teams in the METRO Conference, Nebraska's biggest (by school size) and most competitive conference, play on FieldTurf fields.
Bellevue West Stadium – Bellevue West, Bellevue, Nebraska – 2005
Benson Stadium – Omaha Benson, Omaha, Nebraska – 2008
Buell Stadium – Millard North, Millard South, Millard West, Omaha – 2005
Burke Stadium – Omaha Burke High School, Omaha – 2008
Chieftain Stadium – Bellevue East, Bellevue – 2008
Collin Stadium – Omaha South, Omaha – 2009
Kinnick Stadium – Omaha North, Omaha Northwest, Omaha – 2009
Papillion-La Vista Stadium – Papillion La Vista South High School, Papillion, Nebraska – 2003
Pioneer Field – Nebraska City High School, Lourdes Central Catholic, Nebraska City, Nebraska – 2008
Seacrest Field – Lincoln Public Schools, Lincoln, Nebraska – 2000
Seaman Stadium – Omaha Central High School, Omaha – 2005
Westside High School – Omaha – 2004
Nevada
Damonte Ranch High School Football Field – Damonte Ranch High School – Washoe County School District, Reno, Nevada – 2006
Golden Eagle Regional Park – City of Sparks, Washoe County, Nevada – 2008
New Hampshire
Hanover High School – Hanover, New Hampshire – Summer 2006, Multi-use field for Football, boys and girls Soccer and Lacrosse
Bedford High School – Bedford, New Hampshire – 2006, Multi-use field for football, boys and girls Soccer, Lacrosse, and Field Hockey.
New Jersey
Arthur L. Johnson High School – Clark, New Jersey – Summer 2008
Bergen Catholic – Oradell, New Jersey – Summer 1998 (third installation of FieldTurf in the United States for a high school)
Central Regional High School – Bayville, New Jersey – Fall 2014
Colonia High School – Colonia, New Jersey – Summer 2014
Don Bosco Prep – Ramsey, New Jersey – Spring 2004
Dwight-Englewood School – Englewood, New Jersey – May 2006
Dwight Morrow High School – Englewood, New Jersey – Fall 2008
Egg Harbor Township High School – Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey – November 2009
Governor Livingston High School – Berkeley Heights, New Jersey – September 2006
Hasbrouck Heights High School – Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey – 2007
Holmdel High School – Holmdel, New Jersey – July 2006
Hun School of Princeton – Princeton, New Jersey – Summer 2004
Hunterdon Central High School – Flemington, New Jersey – Summer 2005
Mahwah High School – Mahwah, New Jersey – September 2006
Monmouth University – West Long Branch, New Jersey – Summer 2006
Northern Highlands Regional High School – Allendale, New Jersey – Spring 2008
Pascack Valley High School – Hillsdale, New Jersey – August 2005
Princeton Day School – Princeton, New Jersey – Summer 2003
Riverfront Park – Newark, New Jersey – June 2012
North Hunterdon High School – Clinton, New Jersey – Spring 2006
Saint Joseph Regional High School – Montvale, New Jersey
Saint Peter's Preparatory High School – Jersey City, New Jersey
St. Augustine College Preparatory School – Richland, New Jersey – Summer/Fall 2005
Ramapo High School – Franklin Lakes, New Jersey
Raritan High School – Hazlet, New Jersey – June 2006
Rutgers Preparatory School – Somerset, New Jersey
Rutgers Stadium – Piscataway, New Jersey
West Morris Mendham High School – Mendham, New Jersey – Summer 2008
West Windsor-Plainsboro High School North – Plainsboro, New Jersey – 2007
West Windsor-Plainsboro High School South – West Windsor, New Jersey – 2007
Gill St. Bernard's School – Gladstone, New Jersey – 2014
New York
Freeport High School – 2012
Victor Central School District – Victor, New York – 2007
Arlington High School – LaGrange, New York – 2007
Byram Hills High School – Armonk, New York – 2004
Colgate University – Hamilton, New York – 2007
Division Avenue High School – Levittown, New York – 2008
East Rochester High School – East Rochester, New York – 2001
Fairport High School (Joe Cummings Field) – Fairport, New York – 2008
Garden City High School – Garden City, New York – 2005
Gowanda High School (Baseball and Softball Fields)- Gowanda, New York - 2020
Huntington High School – Huntington, New York – 2007
Irondequoit High School – Irondequoit, New York – 2005
John Nugent Stadium – Rye, New York – 2004
Ed Walsh Field – Manhasset, New York – 2004
Butler Field – Scarsdale, New York – 2005
Walter Panas High School – Cortlandt Manor, New York – 2005
Monsignor Farrell High School- Staten Island, New York- 2005
St. Joseph by the Sea High School – Staten Island, New York – 2003
St. Peter's Boys High School – Staten Island, New York – 2006
Chaminade High School – Mineola, New York – September 2003
Brooklyn Technical High School – Fort Greene, Brooklyn -
George W. Hewlett High School – Hewlett, New York – 2003
Commack High School – Commack, New York – 2006
Manhasset High School – Manhasset, New York – 2003
Poly Prep Country Day School – Brooklyn, New York – 2007
Paul D. Schreiber High School – Port Washington, New York – 2006
Thomas A. Edison High School – Elmira Heights, New York – 2003
Walt Whitman High School – South Huntington, New York – 2008
Wantagh High School – Wantagh, New York – 2008
Yorkshire-Pioneer High School – Yorkshire, New York – 2008
Amsterdam High School – Amsterdam, New York – 2004
La Salle Institute – Troy, New York – 2018
North Carolina
Ardrey Kell High School – Charlotte, North Carolina- 2006
Mallard Creek High School- Charlotte, North Carolina- 2007
Rocky River High School- Mint Hill, North Carolina-
Ohio
Alumni Stadium – Jackson HS – Jackson, Ohio – 2003
Alumni Stadium – Perry HS – Perry, Ohio – 2006
Alumni Stadium – St. Francis DeSales HS – Columbus, Ohio – 2005
Anderson Field – Grandview Heights HS – Columbus, Ohio – 2007
Arrowhead Stadium – Girard HS – Girard, Ohio – 2008
Avon Stadium – Avon HS – Avon, Ohio – 2007
Bearcat Stadium – Bedford/Benedictine/Glenville/Trinity – Bedford, Ohio – 2004
Blue Streak Stadium – Lake HS – Uniontown, Ohio – 2008
Brunswick Auto Mart Stadium – Brunswick HS – Brunswick, Ohio – 2004
Cardinal Stadium – Canfield HS – Canfield, Ohio – 2006
Cardinal Stadium – Colerain HS – Cincinnati – 2003, 2013
Centerville Stadium – Centerville HS Centerville, Ohio – 2006
Coffman Stadium – Dublin Coffman HS – Dublin, Ohio
Coughlin Field – St. Edward HS – Lakewood, Ohio – 2004
Collinwood Stadium – Collinwood HS – Cleveland, Ohio – 2008
Community Stadium – Kenston HS – Chagrin Falls, Ohio – 2010
Copley Stadium – Copley-Fairlawn HS – Copley, Ohio – 2008
CS Harris Stadium – Chagrin Falls HS – Chagrin Falls, Ohio – 2005
Denison Park – Cleveland Heights HS – Cleveland Heights, Ohio – 2011
Don Paul Stadium – Fremont Ross /St Joseph Central Catholic, Fremont, Ohio – 2005
Donnell stadium – Findlay High School- Findlay, Ohio – 2007
Dowed Field – Archbishop Hoban HS – Akron, Ohio – 2004
Dr James B Daley Stadium – Fairview HS – Fairview Park, Ohio – 2010
Falcon Pride Stadium – Jefferson Area HS – Jefferson, Ohio – 2011
Falcon Stadium – Austintown-Fitch HS – Youngstown, Ohio – 2007
First National Bank Field - Bellevue HS - Bellevue, Ohio - 2013
Gallagher Stadium – Central Catholic High School – Toledo, Ohio – 2008
George Finnie Stadium, Tressel Field – Berea/Midpark – Berea, Ohio – 2008
Gilmour Stadium – Gilmour Academy – Gates Mills, Ohio – 2004
Green Street Stadium, John Cistone Field – St Vincent-St Mary – Akron, Ohio 2005
Indian Stadium – Valley HS – Lucasville, Ohio – 2000 (reinstalled 2014)
Jack Johnson Field – Harvest Preparatory School – Columbus, Ohio – 2008
Jerome Stadium – Dublin Jerome HS – Dublin, Ohio – 2004
Jerome T. Osbourne Sr. Stadium – Mentor HS/Mentor Lake Catholic – Mentor, Ohio – 2006
Jim Van de Grift Stadium – Lebanon HS Lebanon, Ohio – 2008
Joesph B Yost Stadium - Ellet HS Akron, Ohio-2019
Ken Dukes Stadium – Medina HS – Medina, Ohio – 2006
Korb Field – Brush HS – Lyndhurst, Ohio – 2002
Lakeside Stadium – Lakeside HS – Ashtabula, Ohio – 2006
Lakewood Stadium – Lakewood/St Edward – Lakewood, Ohio – 2007
Leopard Stadium – Louisville HS – Louisville, Ohio – 2010
Linder Field – Cincinnati Hills Christian Academy – Cincinnati – 2010
Massillon Paul Brown Tiger Stadium – Washington HS – Massillon, Ohio – 2007
Memorial Stadium – Avon Lake HS – Avon Lake, Ohio – 2010
Memorial Stadium, Don Hertler Sr. Field – Hoover HS – North Canton, Ohio – 2011
Memorial Stadium, InfoCision Field – Green HS – Green, Ohio – 2008
Moorehead Memorial Stadium – Upper Arlington HS – Columbus, Ohio – 2003
Mullenkopf Stadium – Warren G Harding HS/John F Kennedy HS – Warren, Ohio – 2005
Patterson Field – Dawson-Bryant HS – Coal Grove, Ohio – 2007
Pointer Stadium – South Point HS – South Point, Ohio – 2007
Purple Rider Stadium – Martins Ferry HS, Martins Ferry, Ohio – 2007
Ralph P Adams Stadium – Cuyahoga Heights HS – Cuyahoga Heights, Ohio – 2008
Ravenna Stadium, Gilcrest Field – Ravenna HS – Ravenna, Ohio – 2003
Robert Boulton Stadium, Byers Field – Normandy/Parma/St Ignatius/Valley Forge – Parma, Ohio – 2008
Rocky River Stadium – Rocky River HS – Rocky River, Ohio – 2004
Roush Stadium – Fairmont HS – Kettering, Ohio – 2005
Scioto Stadium – Dublin Scioto HS – Dublin, Ohio
Serpentini Chevrolet Stadium, Gibson Field – North Royalton HS – North Royalton, Ohio – 2011
Sirpilla Stadium – St. Thomas Aquinas HS – Louisville, Ohio – 2005
Stewart Field – Solon HS – Solon, Ohio – 2004
Tanks Memorial Stadium – Ironton City HS – Ironton, Ohio 2014
Tiger Stadium – Twinsburg HS – Twinsburg, Ohio – 2005
Veterans Stadium – Aurora HS – Aurora, Ohio – 2008
White Field – Newark HS – Newark, Ohio – 2015
William Boliantz Stadium – Nordonia HS – Macedonia, Ohio – 2010
Oklahoma
Jenks High School – Jenks, Oklahoma – 2000, 2008
Muskogee High School – Muskogee, Oklahoma – 2011
Sapulpa High School – Sapulpa, Oklahoma – 2005
Union HS – Tulsa, Oklahoma
Oregon
Aloha High School – Aloha, Oregon – 2004
Beaverton High School – Beaverton, Oregon – 2002
Panther Stadium – Central High School – Independence, Oregon – 2010
Cottage Grove High School – Cottage Grove, Oregon – 2003
Mike Walsh Field – Portland, Oregon – 2002
Pete Susick Stadium – Marshfield High School, Coos Bay, Oregon – 2000
McMinnville High School – McMinnville, Oregon – 2008
North Bend High School – North Bend, Oregon – 2007
North Medford High School – Medford, Oregon – 2010
Sherwood High School – Sherwood, Oregon – 2004
South Medford High School – Medford, Oregon – 2010
South Salem High School – Salem, Oregon – 2008
Spiegelberg Stadium – Medford, Oregon – 2004
Sprague High School – Salem, Oregon – 2007
Stapleton Field – Gresham, Oregon – 2002
Sunset High School – Beaverton, Oregon – 2006
Tigard High School – Tigard, Oregon – 2008
West Salem High School – Salem, Oregon – 2004; replaced by a black FieldTurf surface in 2012
Westview High School – Portland, Oregon – 2006
Willamette High School – Eugene, Oregon – 2008
Pennsylvania
The Haverford School – Haverford, Pennsylvania – 2009
Philadelphia School District "SuperSites" at Northeast High School, Germantown, Dobbins and South Philadelphia
Churchman Stadium – East Allegheny High School – North Versailles, Pennsylvania – 2000
J. Birney Crum Stadium – Allentown School District – Allentown, Pennsylvania – ?
Bethlehem Area School District Stadium – Bethlehem Area School District – Bethlehem, Pennsylvania – 2005
James M. Burk Memorial Stadium – Fox Chapel Area High School – O'Hara Township, Pennsylvania – 2007
John H. Frederick Field at Memorial Park Stadium – Mechanicsburg Area School District – Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania – 2008
Linden Field – General McLane High School – Edinboro, Pennsylvania – 2007
Panthers Stadium – Central York High School – York, Pennsylvania – 2005
Paul J. Weitz Stadium – Harbor Creek High School – Harborcreek, Pennsylvania – 2004
Severance Field- Harrisburg High School- Harrisburg PA – 2004
Somerset Area Golden Eagle Stadium – Somerset Area High School – Somerset, Pennsylvania – 2007
Tiger Stadium – Hollidaysburg Area High School – Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania – 2004
Titan Stadium – West Mifflin Area High School- West Mifflin, Pennsylvania – 2008
Trojan Stadium – Greater Johnstown High School – Johnstown, Pennsylvania – 2003
Turtle Creek Stadium/The Wolvarena – Woodland Hills High School – Pittsburgh– 2006
War Memorial Field – Warren Area High School – Warren, Pennsylvania – 1998
Rhode Island
Moses Brown School – Campanella Field – Providence, Rhode Island – 2007
Bishop Hendricken High School – Warwick, Rhode Island – 2006
North Smithfield High School – North Smithfield, Rhode Island – 2008
South Carolina
Myrtle Beach High School – Doug Shaw Memorial Stadium – Myrtle Beach, South Carolina – 2008
Rock Hill High School and Northwestern High School – District 3 Stadium – Rock Hill, South Carolina – 2008
Spartanburg High School – Spartanburg High School Athletic Field – Spartanburg, South Carolina – 2009
South Dakota
Central High School – Aberdeen, South Dakota – 2004
Garitson High School – Garitson, South Dakota – 2005
Tennessee
Montgomery Bell Academy – Tommy Owen Stadium – Nashville, Tennessee – 2006
Oakland High School – Patriot Stadium – Murfreesboro, Tennessee – 2007
Memphis University School – Hull Dobbs Field – Memphis, Tennessee – 2007
Christian Brothers High School – Memphis, Tennessee – 2007
Melrose High School – Melrose Stadium – Memphis, Tennessee – 2009
McCallie School – Spears Stadium – Chattanooga, Tennessee – 2009
Memphis Central High School – Crump Stadium – Memphis, Tennessee – 2012
Evangelical Christian School – Cordova, Tennessee – 2012
Harding Academy – Memphis, Tennessee – 2015
Hutchison School – Memphis, Tennessee
Grace Christian Academy – Knoxville, Tennessee
Christian Academy of Knoxville – Knoxville, Tennessee
Webb School of Knoxville – Knoxville, Tennessee
Knoxville Catholic High School – Knoxville, Tennessee
Maryville High School – Maryville, Tennessee
Alcoa High School – Alcoa, Tennessee
Sevier County High School – Sevierville, Tennessee
Dobyns-Bennett High School – Kingsport, Tennessee
Science Hill High School – Johnson City, Tennessee
Tennessee High School – Bristol, Tennessee
Rhea County High School – Evensville, Tennessee
Greeneville High School – Greeneville, Tennessee
Brentwood High School – Brentwood, Tennessee
Nolensville High School – Nolensville, Tennessee
Franklin High School – Franklin, Tennessee
Sullivan East High School - Bluff City, Tennessee
Texas
Amarillo Independent School District – Dick Bivins Stadium – Amarillo – 1998
Carroll Independent School District – Dragon Stadium – Southlake – 1999
Central Catholic High School – Bob Benson '66 Stadium – San Antonio – 2010
College Station Independent School District – Tiger Field – College Station – 2008
Corsicana Independent School District – Corsicana Tiger Stadium – Corsicana – 2006
Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School District – The Berry Center – Houston – 2006
Ector County Independent School District – Ratliff Stadium – Odessa – 2003
Hays Consolidated Independent School District – Bob Shelton Stadium – Buda – 2002
Round Rock Independent School District – RRISD Athletic Complex (The Parmer Palace) – Austin – 2003
Leander Independent School District – Leander
A.C. Bible Memorial Stadium – 2009
Rouse High School practice field – 2008
Cedar Park High School practice field – Cedar Park – 2007
Vista Ridge High School practice field – Cedar Park, – 2007
Navasota Independent School District – Rattler Stadium – Navasota – 2007
Spring Branch Independent School District – Darrel Tully Stadium – Houston – 2008
Snyder Independent School District – Tiger Stadium – Snyder
Strake Jesuit College Preparatory – Crusader Stadium – Houston
Wichita Falls Independent School District – Memorial Stadium – Wichita Falls
Virginia
Bishop Ireton High School – Alexandria, Virginia- 2006
Bishop O'Connell High School – Arlington, Virginia – 2012
Broad Run High School – Ashburn, Virginia – 2015
Briar Woods High School - Ashburn, Virginia - 2019
Episcopal High School – Hummel Bowl – Alexandria, Virginia – 2006
Fairfax High School – Harold Stalnaker Stadium – Fairfax, Virginia – 2005, 2015
George Mason High School – Falls Church, Virginia – 2006
Herndon High School – J.L. Griffiths Stadium – Herndon, Virginia – 2010
Highland School – Warrenton, Virginia – 2009
James Madison High School – Normand F. bradford, Jr. Stadium – Vienna, Virginia – 2007, 2017
Loudoun County High School – Leesburg, Virginia – 2014
Patrick Henry High School – Roanoke, Virginia – 2008, 2016
Salem High School – Salem, Virginia – 2006, 2016
West Springfield High School – Ronald J. Mobayed Memorial Stadium – Springfield, Virginia – 2006
William Fleming High School – Roanoke, Virginia – 2010, 2019
Yorktown High School – Arlington, Virginia – 2016
Christiansburg High School – Christiansburg, Virginia- 2017
Blacksburg High School – Blacksburg, Virginia- 2020
Glenvar High School – Salem, Virginia- 2019
William Byrd High School – Vinton, Virginia- 2016
Washington
Bellevue School District
Newport High School – Bellevue, Washington – 2001
Bellevue High School – Bellevue, Washington – 2003
Sammamish High School – Bellevue, Washington – 2003
Clover Park School District
Clover Park High School – Lakewood, Washington – 2000
Edmonds School District
Edmonds School District Stadium – Edmonds, Washington – 2005
Lynnwood High School – Lynnwood, Washington – 2001
Meadowdale High School – Lynnwood, Washington – 2006
Kennewick School District
Neil F. Lampson Stadium – Kennewick, Washington – 2006
Southridge High School soccer field – Kennewick, Washington – 2008
Wilson Youth Sports Complex – Kent, Washington – 2004
Lake Washington School District
Eastlake High School – Sammamish, Washington – 2004
Juanita High School (Bergh Field) – Kirkland, Washington – 2002
Lake Washington High School – Kirkland, Washington – 2002
Mukilteo School District
Mariner High School (Goddard Stadium) – Everett, Washington – 2007
Mercer Island School District
Mercer Island High School – Mercer Island, Washington – 2002
Northshore School District
Inglemoor High School – Kenmore, Washington – 2005
Olympia School District
Olympia High School (Ingersoll Stadium) – Olympia, Washington – 2004
Pasco School District
Edgar Brown Memorial Stadium – Pasco, Washington – 2003
Chiawana High School – Pasco, Washington – 2009
Shoreline School District
Shoreline Stadium – Shoreline, Washington – 2006
Tumwater School District
Tumwater High School (Tumwater Stadium) – Tumwater, Washington – 2004
University Place School District
Curtis High School (Viking Stadium) – University Place, Washington – 2000
Washougal School District
Washougal High School (Fishback Stadium) – Washougal, Washington
Wisconsin
Altoona High School- Altoona, Wisconsin
Amherst High School- Amherst, Wisconsin
Appleton East High School- Appleton, Wisconsin
Appleton North High School- Appleton, Wisconsin
Appleton West High School- Appleton, Wisconsin
Arcadia High School- Arcadia, Wisconsin
Arrowhead High School- Hartland, Wisconsin
Ashwaubenon High School- Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin
Bay Port High School- Suamico, Wisconsin
Big Foot High School- Walworth, Wisconsin
Brookfield Central High School- Brookfield, Wisconsin
Cameron High School- Cameron, Wisconsin
Chippewa Falls High School- Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin
Cumberland High School- Cumberland, Wisconsin
De Pere High School- De Pere, Wisconsin
D.C. Everest High School- Schofield, Wisconsin
Eau Claire Memorial High School- Eau Claire, Wisconsin
Eau Claire North High School- Eau Claire, Wisconsin
Elkhorn High School- Elkhorn, Wisconsin
Fall River High School- Fall River, Wisconsin
Franklin High School- Franklin, Wisconsin
Gale-Ettrick-Trempealau High School- Galesville, Wisconsin
Green Bay East High School- Green Bay, Wisconsin
Green Bay Southwest High School- Green Bay, Wisconsin
Greendale High School- Greendale, Wisconsin
Homestead High School- Mequon, Wisconsin
Hortonville High School- Hortonville, Wisconsin
Hudson High School- Hudson, Wisconsin
Kaukauna High School- Kaukauna, Wisconsin
Kenosha Bradford High School- Kenosha, Wisconsin
Kenosha Indian Trail High School- Kenosha, Wisconsin
Kenosha Tremper High School- Kenosha, Wisconsin
Kettle Moraine High School- Wales, Wisconsin
Kewauskum High School- Kewauskum, Wisconsin
Kiel High School- Kiel, Wisconsin
Kimberly High School- Kimberly, Wisconsin
Kohler High School- Kohler, Wisconsin
La Crosse Logan High School- La Crosse, Wisconsin
Lakeland Union High School- Minocqua, Wisconsin
Lake Mills High School- Lake Mills, Wisconsin
Lomira High School- Lomira, Wisconsin
Madison East High School- Madison, Wisconsin
Madison Edgewood High School- Madison, Wisconsin
Manitowoc Lincoln High School- Manitowoc, Wisconsin
Marquette High School- Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Marshfield High School- Marshfield, Wisconsin
McFarland High School- McFarland, Wisconsin
Medford High School- Medford, Wisconsin
Menasha High School- Menasha, Wisconsin
Menomonee Falls High School- Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin
Menomonie High School- Menomonie, Wisconsin
Middleton High School- Middleton, Wisconsin
Milwaukee Obama SCTE High School- Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Milwaukee Pulaski High School- Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Milwaukee South High School- Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Milwaukee Vincent High School- Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Mukwonago High School- Mukwonago, Wisconsin
Muskego High School- Muskego, Wisconsin
Northwestern High School- Maple, Wisconsin
Notre Dame Academy- Green Bay, Wisconsin
Oak Creek High School- Oak Creek, Wisconsin
Oconomowoc High School- Oconomowoc, Wisconsin
Osceola High School- Osceola, Wisconsin
Oshkosh North High School- Oshkosh, Wisconsin
Oshkosh West High School- Oshkosh, Wisconsin
Pacelli High School- Stevens Point, Wisconsin
Pewaukee High School- Pewaukee, Wisconsin
Platteville High School- Platteville, Wisconsin
Pius XI High School- Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Port Washington High School- Port Washington, Wisconsin
Pulaski High School- Pulaski , Wisconsin
Regis High School- Eau Claire, Wisconsin
Rhinelander High School- Rhinelander, Wisconsin
Rice Lake High School- Rice Lake, Wisconsin
Ripon High School- Ripon, Wisconsin
River Falls High School- River Falls, Wisconsin
Shorewood High School- Shorewood, Wisconsin
Slinger High School- Slinger, Wisconsin
Stanley-Boyd High School- Stanley, Wisconsin
Stevens Point Area Senior High- Stevens Point, Wisconsin
Superior High School- Superior, Wisconsin
Union Grove High School- Union Grove, Wisconsin
University School of Milwaukee- Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Waukesha North High School- Waukesha, Wisconsin
Waukesha South High School- Waukesha, Wisconsin
Waukesha West High School- Waukesha, Wisconsin
Waunakee High School- Waunakee, Wisconsin
Waupaca High School- Waupaca, Wisconsin
Wauwatosa School District- Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
West Allis – West Milwaukee School District- West Allis, Wisconsin
West Bend School District- West Bend, Wisconsin
West De Pere High School- De Pere, Wisconsin
Westosha Central High School- Salem, Wisconsin
Whitefish Bay High School- Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin
Whitnall High School- Greenfield, Wisconsin
Wilmot Union High School- Wilmot, Wisconsin
Canadian high schools
British Columbia
Dr. Charles Best Secondary School – Coquitlam
Southridge School – Surrey
Saskatchewan
Centennial Collegiate – Saskatoon
Ontario
St. Marcellinus High School – Mississauga
References
FieldTurf: high-profile installations
Landtek Group: Authorized Field Turf Representative
FieldTurf installations
Artificial turf
FieldTurf
FieldTurf installations
FieldTurf installations |
4017750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh%20derby | Edinburgh derby | The Edinburgh derby is an informal title given to any football match played between Scottish clubs Heart of Midlothian (Hearts) and Hibernian (Hibs), the two oldest professional clubs based in Edinburgh, Scotland. The two clubs have a fierce rivalry that dates back to the clubs being founded in the mid-1870s, which makes it one of the longest running rivalries in world football. The first match between the clubs was played on the Meadows on Christmas Day 1875.
The matches are normally played at either Easter Road or Tynecastle. It has been regularly played in the top level of the Scottish football league system, although derbies were played in the second tier during the 2014–15 season. The teams sometimes also play against one another in cup tournaments, such as the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup. The clubs have met twice in Scottish Cup Finals, in 1896 and 2012, both of which were won by Hearts.
History
Hearts and Hibs were both formed during the mid-1870s. The first ever match between the clubs was played at East Meadows on 25 December 1875, with Hearts winning 1–0. Hibs won the first Scottish Cup tie between the clubs, in 1877–78. The matches that established the two clubs as the principal sides in Edinburgh was the five game struggle for the EFA Cup later that season, which Hearts won 3–2 after four previous attempts ended in draws. Hibs beat Hearts on the way to their first national trophy, the 1886–87 Scottish Cup. Hibs also had wins of 3–0, 5–2 and 7–1 against Hearts in other competitions.
Hibs had major financial problems and briefly ceased playing during the early 1890s. In the meantime, Hearts had become founder members of the Scottish Football League in 1890–91. Hibs soon resumed operations and Hearts won 10–2 in a friendly match at Easter Road which marked their return. Hibs joined the Scottish Football League in 1893–94 and were promoted to the First Division in 1895. The first league derby was played on 28 September 1895, Hearts winning 4–3 at Tynecastle.
The clubs contested the 1896 Scottish Cup Final, which Hearts won 3–1 at Logie Green in Edinburgh. It is the only time a Scottish Cup Final has been played outside Glasgow. The derby was played regularly in the league until 1930–31, when Hibs were relegated from Division One, although matches in other competitions continued. Hibs regained top division status in 1933–34, but all league football was suspended from 1939–40 to 1945–46 due to the Second World War.
The record crowd for an Edinburgh derby was 65,860 on 2 January 1950 when Hearts won 2–1 at Easter Road. This was also the biggest crowd for any Scottish game played outside Glasgow. The post-war period was a golden age for football in Edinburgh, as Hibs won three league championships with their Famous Five forward line, while Hearts won several major trophies in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Hibs enjoyed a sustained period of success in the fixture in the late 1960s and most of the 1970s. Their record victory against Hearts, 7–0 at Tynecastle on 1 January 1973, was achieved during this period. Hibs then had their longest unbeaten streak in the fixture, 12 games from 1974 to 1978. Scottish league football was restructured from the 1975–76 season to create smaller divisions, resulting in the teams playing each other four times a season in the league, but it also increased the risk of the clubs being relegated. Hearts were a yo-yo club in the late 1970s and early 1980s, while Hibs were also relegated in 1979–80. This meant that there were few derbies until Hearts returned to the Premier Division in 1983–84.
Hearts then took the upper hand in the derby, setting the record for consecutive derbies without a loss, a 22-game streak straddling the 1980s and 1990s. During this period, Hearts owner Wallace Mercer attempted to force through a merger of the two clubs by acquiring a majority shareholding in Hibs. This effort failed after protest groups set up by Hibs fans persuaded some shareholders not to sell to Mercer and new investment in Hibs was provided by Tom Farmer.
The clubs met in a 2005–06 Scottish Cup semi-final, in the knowledge that victory would lead to a final against Gretna, who were a Second Division club. Hearts won the semi-final against Hibs by 4–0 and went on to win the competition on a penalty shootout in the final. Hibs gained some revenge the following season by winning a 2006–07 Scottish League Cup quarter-final against Hearts 1–0, and went on to win the competition.
The two clubs met in the 2012 Scottish Cup Final. The match was played at Hampden Park in Glasgow, despite some fans proposing that it should be moved to Murrayfield Stadium, the largest venue in Edinburgh. Hearts won a one-sided final by 5–1, having also won all three league derbies in the 2011–12 Scottish Premier League. Hibs gained some revenge for this defeat six months later by knocking Hearts out of the 2012–13 Scottish Cup, winning 1–0 in a fourth round tie at Easter Road. It also ended a run of 12 games without a win for Hibs in the derby.
Both clubs were relegated to the second tier after finishing in the bottom two positions of the 2013–14 Scottish Premiership. This meant that the city of Edinburgh was left without representation in the top tier of the Scottish league system for the first time in its history. Hearts won the 2014–15 Scottish Championship and earned an immediate promotion back to the top tier. Hibs won promotion in 2016–17, which meant that top-flight league derbies were resumed in 2017–18. Meanwhile, the teams were drawn together in the Scottish Cup in three consecutive seasons: 2015–16, 2016–17 and 2017–18. Hibs won the first two ties after replays and went on to win the 2015–16 competition, while Hearts won the third tie.
Hearts were relegated to the Championship in 2020 after the 2019–20 season was curtailed by the Covid-19 pandemic in Scotland. In the semi-finals of the 2019–20 Scottish Cup, which were delayed until the autumn by the pandemic, Hearts won 2–1 after extra time against Hibs. Hearts won promotion in 2021 and then wn a 2021–22 Scottish Cup semi-final against Hibs.
Local competitions and other Edinburgh clubs
In the late 19th and early 20th century, the clubs often met each other ten times in a single season due to the plethora of local competitions, such as the East of Scotland Shield, Rosebery Charity Cup, Wilson Cup, and the Dunedin Cup. These competitions also involved the other clubs in Edinburgh and the surrounding area. Hearts and Hibs were the most frequent winners of these competitions. The East of Scotland Shield is the only one of the local competitions that is contested by Hearts and Hibs today, albeit by young reserve teams. The Shield is contested by a one-off match and gate takings are given to the Edinburgh Football Association.
St Bernard's, Leith Athletic, the original Edinburgh City and Meadowbank Thistle all represented the city of Edinburgh in the Scottish Football League. As Hibs did not enter the league until the 1893–94 season, the first league derby was actually played between Hearts and Leith Athletic on 24 October 1891 (Hearts winning 3–1). The first league derby between Hearts and Hibs was played at Tynecastle on 28 September 1895, with Hearts winning 4–3. The four teams took part in the Lord Provost's Rent Relief Cup in late 1921 to raise money for the unemployed (a Glasgow version was also played); the final was between Hearts and Hibs (won by Hearts), but was not played until May 1923.
The introduction of the Scottish football pyramid system allowed Edinburgh City to gain promotion to the Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) in 2016, but they have not yet played either Hearts or Hibs in a SPFL match. Civil Service Strollers and Spartans take part in the North Edinburgh Derby in the Lowland Football League, while Edinburgh University are also involved in the league. The East of Scotland League also features derby matches, with six clubs based in Edinburgh.
The term is also used for matches in women's football, including games between Hibernian, Hearts and Spartans.
Festival Cup
In 1985, an Edinburgh select team composing of players from Hearts, Hibs and Meadowbank Thistle played Bayern Munich in a "Festival Cup" challenge match at Tynecastle. The Festival Cup was reintroduced in 2003, to tie in with the annual Edinburgh Festival. The local media speculated that clubs from cities twinned with Edinburgh, including Bayern Munich and Dynamo Kiev, would be invited to participate in an annual Edinburgh tournament. Eventually, the clubs settled for playing a single derby match on the last Saturday before the start of the 2003–04 Scottish Premier League season. The SPL did not help the launch of the Festival Cup by scheduling a league derby match two weeks after the Festival Cup match, also at Easter Road. Hearts won the first Festival Cup match 1–0 with a goal by Andy Webster.
The clubs then had difficulty scheduling the 2004–05 match, partly due to the clubs arranging other friendly matches. The Festival Cup match was eventually played at Tynecastle on 4 September 2004. Both teams were well below full strength because several players were training with their national teams. Playing the game in September also meant that the game was played after the start of the 2004–05 Scottish Premier League season and after the end of the Festival. Hearts won the second and to date last Festival Cup match 3–1. The Hearts goals were scored by Craig Sives, Mark de Vries and Dennis Wyness, while Stephen Dobbie scored a penalty kick for Hibs. The match was not in played in 2005 as Hearts had a protracted search for a new head coach. It was not resurrected in 2006 and has not been contested since.
New Year derby
An Edinburgh derby match has traditionally been played at New Year, as both 1 January and 2 January are bank holidays in Scotland. The New Year derby match has sometimes not taken place in recent years, due to a shutdown in early January being introduced to the schedule. Of the 94 Edinburgh derbies played at New Year, Hibs hold a slight lead of 32 to 30 wins by Hearts.
During the 1940 New Year's Day match, Easter Road was covered with a thick fog that would normally cause a football match to be abandoned. Due to the match being played during wartime, and it being broadcast widely by the BBC for the entertainment of soldiers stationed overseas, the War Office ordered play to go ahead to avoid alerting the Luftwaffe to the bad weather conditions. Commentator Bob Kingsley could not see the pitch either and had to improvise. Using a series of runners to tell him if there were any goals scored, he created his own version of the match. This was later described in The Scotsman as "Fawlty Towers ahead of itself" and adapted into a BBC Radio Four play by Scottish playwright, Andrew Dallmeyer.
Results and records
Hearts have the better record in derbies, with 146 to 86 wins by Hibs in 330 matches played in the three main Scottish competitions. There have been 655 Edinburgh derbies to date, meaning that just under half of all derbies have been played in other competitions and friendlies. Including these other fixtures, Hearts have won 288 derbies and Hibs have won 206. During the 2017–18 season, Hearts manager Craig Levein said that Hearts winning was the "natural order" of the fixture, with Hibs fans and manager Neil Lennon making light of these comments in the subsequent derby, which Hibs won.
Since the creation of the Scottish Premier Division in 1975 and the introduction of four league games between clubs in a Scottish season, neither club has managed to win all four league derbies in a season. Hearts have achieved three wins and a draw five times, in 1985–86, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1996–97 and 2006–07. Hibs' best record in a league season is also three wins and a draw, in 1975–76. Hearts whitewashed Hibs in the 2011–12 season, winning all three league games and the Scottish Cup Final; however, a fourth league fixture was not possible as the clubs were not in the same section of the league after the split.
League results
Scottish Cup results
League Cup results
Single game records
Hibs recorded the biggest margin of victory in a competitive match with a 7–0 victory at Tynecastle on 1 January 1973. The biggest win in other matches was a 10–2 Hearts victory in a friendly match on 12 August 1893. The largest number of goals scored in a competitive match was when Hearts won 8–3 in a league match on 21 September 1935. Hearts hold the record margin in the Scottish Cup with a 5–0 victory on 1 February 1955, and the record margin in the Scottish League Cup with a 6–1 victory on 11 August 1956.
Prolific goalscorers
John Robertson scored 27 goals against Hibs in competitive games. Robertson was nicknamed "The Hammer of Hibs" due to his prolific goal record in derbies. Both Bobby Walker (33) and Tommy Walker (29) scored more goals in derbies than Robertson, when games in local competitions are considered.
Gordon Smith is the top goalscorer in Edinburgh derbies for Hibs, with 15 goals. Smith played for Hearts and Dundee later in his career and became the only player to have won the Scottish league championship with three different clubs. James McGhee scored at least 24 goals for Hibs in the early years of the fixture. The real figure is probably higher as he played in a lot of games where only the result is known and not all the scorers were recorded.
Barney Battles, Jr. scored 11 goals in less than a month versus Hibs in 1929; five in the 8–2 Dunedin Cup final victory on 17 April 1929, two in the 5–1 Wilson Cup Final victory on 30 April 1929 and four in the 5–1 Rosebery Charity Cup Final victory on 11 May 1929.
Hat-tricks
Sixteen hat-tricks have been scored in competitive Edinburgh derbies by fifteen players, nine for Hearts and seven for Hibs. Bobby Walker is the only player to score multiple hat-tricks, and Mark de Vries for Hearts and Joe Baker for Hibs are the only players to score four goals in one derby. The majority of these hat-tricks were scored in the first one hundred years of the derby's existence, with only three occurring in the last fifty years.
Players with both clubs
This is a list of players who played at least one competitive first team fixture for both clubs. Only four players have scored for both Hearts and Hibs in Edinburgh derbies – Ralph Callachan, Alan Gordon, Darren Jackson and Gordon Smith.
References
External links
A tale of one city: Edinburgh – These Football Times (2015)
Scotland football derbies
Heart of Midlothian F.C.
Hibernian F.C.
Football in Edinburgh
Recurring sporting events established in 1875 |
4017768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandra%20Be%C4%BCcova | Aleksandra Beļcova | Aleksandra Mitrofanovna Beļcova (, March 17, 1892 – February 1, 1981) was a Latvian-Russian painter.
Biography
Aleksandra Beļcova graduated women gymnasium in Novozybkov in 1912. Later she started studies in Penza city art school which she graduated in 1917. While in Penza she met several Latvian painters who studied there as a refugees. Among them were Jēkabs Kazaks, Konrāds Ubāns and Voldemārs Tone. Especially close relationships developed between her and Romans Suta, another Latvian painter who studied in Penza.
In 1917 she went to Petrograd and studied in State Free Art Workshop under Nathan Altman. It was in Petrograd where her first solo exhibition was held in 1919. Just after the exhibition she moved to Latvia along with Romans Suta and became a members of the Riga Artists Group. The couple married in 1922 in Riga and after marriage they visited Paris, Berlin and Dresden. In 1923 their daughter Tatiana was born in Paris. In 1925 she painted The White and the Black.
She was involved in the Roller group exhibitions and Riga Graphic Artists Association in the following years. Her paintings were mostly portraits and still lifes, beginning as a Cubist she turned to realism in later years. Her mediums were oil, watercolor, graphic arts and she also painted on porcelain.
Beļcova died on February 1, 1981.
The home of Aleksandra Belcova and Romans Suta in Elizabetes street 57A-26 in Riga is now turned into memorial museum and art gallery.
References
External links
Museum of Romans Suta and Aleksandra Belcova at Google Cultural Institute
1892 births
1981 deaths
People from Surazh
People from Chernigov Governorate
20th-century Russian painters
Russian women painters
20th-century Russian women artists
Latvian women painters
20th-century Latvian painters
20th-century Latvian women artists |
4017773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%20Hood%20%282006%20TV%20series%29 | Robin Hood (2006 TV series) | Robin Hood is a British television programme, produced by independent production company Tiger Aspect Productions for BBC One, with co-funding from the BBC America cable television channel in the United States. Based on the traditional stories of legendary English folk hero Robin Hood, the programme started on 7 October 2006. Series two commenced broadcasting on 6 October 2007 with the final two episodes on 29 December 2007. Series three began airing on 28 March 2009 for a thirteen-episode run. The series was cancelled by the BBC after series three following the departure of multiple actors, including lead Jonas Armstrong.
Production
Comprising thirteen 45-minute episodes per series, Robin Hood was created by Dominic Minghella and Foz Allan, who serve as executive producers on the series, with Minghella the chief writer. Minghella was previously responsible for the successful ITV network comedy-drama series Doc Martin. Richard Burrell is the producer, and the other writers involved on the first series were Paul Cornell, Mark Wadlow, Debbie Oates, Kurti & Doyle and Joe Turner.
The first series had a reported budget of £8 million. The programme was specifically designed to run in the same Saturday evening family drama slot as the successful revival of Doctor Who, filling the slot in Doctor Who'''s absence between series. Shot in the high definition format, the programme was also broadcast on the BBC's BBC HD service.Robin Hood was announced as a possible commission by BBC One Controller Peter Fincham in July 2005, but not officially confirmed by Head of Drama Jane Tranter until 24 October that year. On 18 February 2006, the Daily Mirror newspaper announced that actor Jonas Armstrong had been cast in the lead role in the series. This was confirmed by the BBC in a press release on 3 April 2006, which announced that filming on the series had begun in Hungary and also announced further casting.
On Thursday 23 November 2006, the BBC confirmed that the programme had been renewed for a second series, to be shown in 2007. Filming began in March 2007, and the first episode of the second series aired at 7:30pm on Saturday 6 October 2007.
Lucy Griffiths, who played Marian, left at the end of the show's second series, although she made a brief appearance at the conclusion of the third series. Harry Lloyd and Anjali Jay also departed at the end of the second series.
Joining the cast for the third series were Joanne Froggatt, as a character named "Kate", a Locksley villager, Lara Pulver, as Guy of Gisborne's sister Isabella, David Harewood as Friar Tuck and Toby Stephens as Prince John, and Clive Standen as Archer, Robin's half brother. On 7 August 2008 it was announced that Jonas Armstrong would be leaving the programme at the conclusion of the third series, in "an explosive and nail-biting finale."
In January 2009, the writer Sally Wainwright told The Stage entertainment industry newspaper that she had been asked to oversee a creative revamp of the programme for its fourth series. The BBC confirmed to the paper that she had been asked to work on ideas for the show, but despite this, the fourth series was not commissioned.
Characters
The majority of the main characters in Robin Hood are based on the English folk tale of the same name. The title character (Jonas Armstrong) has returned to England after five years fighting in the Third Crusade as part of the King's Guard. He is shocked to find the Sheriff of Nottingham, Vaisey (Keith Allen), running the town with an iron fist upon his return. Robin is soon made an outlaw, and takes it upon himself to steal from the rich to feed the poor along with his gang, which consists of his best friend Much (Sam Troughton); two young men he saved from hanging, Will Scarlett (Harry Lloyd) and Allan A Dale (Joe Armstrong); the ex-leader of a band of outlaws already in the woods, Little John (Gordon Kennedy); and another young man named Roy (short for "Royston White") (William Beck), who is killed in episode 4, and replaced in episode 5 by Djaq (Anjali Jay), a Saracen slave using the alias of her dead brother. Robin is pleased to find that Lady Marian (Lucy Griffiths) is still unmarried. It is hinted that they had previously been romantically linked in their youth, prior to Robin leaving to fight in the Holy Land. Their relationship upon his return is strained, but develops into a friendship. Their relationship comes to a dramatic climax in the series one finale, both admitting their love for one another. A love triangle challenges their relationship in series two with Marian becoming closer to the Sheriff's second-in-command, Sir Guy of Gisborne (Richard Armitage). Guy often puts Marian in difficult situations where she has to appear to help him, when actually working to protect Robin and the people of Nottingham. Marian has her own alias,'The night watchman' dubbed by the people she secretly helps; Robin is initially unaware, until her identity is revealed in episode three of the first season. The Sheriff plots to kill King Richard (played by Steven Waddington) in his role as leader of the Black Knights, who wish to place Prince John on the throne. The Sheriff constantly tries to capture or kill Robin and the outlaws for continuously interfering in his scheme to take over England. The second series sees the Sheriff step up his plans to take control, finally culminating in a battle in the Holy Land. As the outlaws foil the Sheriff's attack on King Richard with aid from Marian who is killed by Guy of Gisborne whilst she is protecting the injured King. Robin and Marian are married as she lays dying, with the outlaw gang as witnesses. Djaq and Will, now together, decide to stay in the Holy Land after they encounter a friend of Djaq's uncle.
The third series staggered the entry of new characters and only Robin appeared in all thirteen episodes. As the series opens, Tuck (David Harewood), a spiritual preacher returning to England, and Kate (Joanne Froggatt), a Locksley villager, are introduced; both soon become part of Robin's gang. Isabella (Lara Pulver), Gisborne's younger sister who is running from an abusive husband, arrives soon after and starts a secret relationship with Robin. Her link to the castle through Gisborne is used by the gang while she plots revenge against her brother, but her thirst for independence, power, and vengeance soon leads her to become a ruthless Sheriff and a sworn enemy. Toby Stephens appears as Prince John in three episodes mid-series, successfully exploiting the rift between Gisborne and Vaisey, leading to the latter's supposed death at Gisborne's hand. Gisborne is briefly made Sheriff before Isabella uses her influence to replace him, leaving Gisborne a fugitive, and following the death of a young villager with whom he was briefly imprisoned, seeking revenge. This opens the door to a liaison with Robin and sets up the tenth episode of the series, told largely through flashbacks, which revisits Robin and Gisborne's history. It features Dean Lennox Kelly, Sophie Winkleman, Paul Hilton, and Ian Reddington as Robin's father, Gisborne's parents, and another past Locksley villager respectively, and reveals the existence of Archer (played by Clive Standen from episode 11), the illegitimate child of Robin's father and Gisborne's mother, who Robin's dying father begs them to find. Archer is Robin's equal with a bow and arrow. (This, coupled with his biological ties to Robin, Gisborne and Isabella, led to speculation that he was set to take over the programme's lead role following Jonas Armstrong's departure.) The two-part finale sees Vaisey return, and the deaths of Robin, Gisborne and Allan.
Episode guide
Media coverage
On Saturday 8 July 2006, the BBC showed the first teaser trailer for the series – a shot of a flaming arrow flying into the BBC One logo in the corner of the screen as the Robin Hood logo and "Coming Soon" were displayed above. This teaser ran either side of the Doctor Who series finale on BBC One, and was shown on several other occasions on various BBC channels over the following weeks. A longer trailer with actual dialogue from many of the characters was previewed in the Video Room of the Sherwood Forest Visitor Centre during the first week of August 2006, as part of the community's Robin Hood Festival.
The BBC's Radio Times listings magazine ran a short preview article for the series, as part of a feature showcasing the best of the autumn series television line-up, in its 2–8 September 2006 edition, published on 29 August 2006, the day after the tape theft story was publicised in the press (see above). Wrote the magazine's correspondent Benji Wilson: "Why watch it? You can't beat a good ruckus – Armstrong and his merry co-stars all enrolled at a specially-commissioned 'Hood academy' before filming in Hungary, where they were drilled in horse riding, sword skills and archery." The article was accompanied by a large publicity photo of Armstrong in costume.
The first full reviews for the programme began appearing on 7 September 2006, after a preview of the opening episode had been shown at the press launch the previous evening. The website of The Guardian said that: "The challenge for the new Robin Hood is to appeal to younger viewers while pulling in their parents as well. It will be no easy task. About as difficult, in fact, as simultaneously firing two arrows from the same bow, and both hitting the target. But as Robin showed in the opening episode, it can be done." In The Times, critic Paul Hoggart backed the series to be a success: "Armstrong as the rather understated Robin Hood should still be moodily cheeky enough to find his way on to the bedroom walls of a few hundred thousand pubertal girls, and Lucy Griffiths as Marian is inevitably feisty. But the villains steal the show, with Richard Armitage's Guy of Gisborne off-setting Keith Allen's gags as the mocking, heavily sarcastic Sheriff. The audience including cast, crew and their friends cheered at the end but this remake should go down well with families at home, too."
The BBC began running longer trailers for the programme on Saturday 16 September 2006, with the first being shown following the final episode of How Do You Solve A Problem Like Maria? on BBC One. This was one of three specially shot trailers, directed by Matt Losasso, each introducing one of the main characters, Robin, Marian and the Sheriff of Nottingham who are seen speaking to camera. The extended Robin version, featuring Armstrong escaping from a cell, was shown in cinemas. Billboard advertisements were also taken out by the BBC and the Radio Times devoted the cover of its 7–13 October 2006 edition, published on 3 October, to the series, with a photo of Armstrong and Armitage in character.
Reviewers have had mixed opinions as to the effectiveness of the show's use of modern styles and current political references. Several episodes of Dead Ringers broadcast in February and March 2007 mocked Robin Hood for its anachronistic approach.
Since its broadcast, it has gained a small cult following along with similar BBC shows including Merlin and Atlantis''.
International sales
As a co-producer on the series, BBC America owns the United States broadcast rights to the programme, which debuted on the channel on Saturday 3 March 2007. It aired in syndication on U.S. cable channel The Inspiration Network from 2013 to 2014 and on Ovation from 2014 to 2015. In Australia, the programme began playing mid-2007 on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's 19:30 Sunday slot. From April 2008 it was broadcast in Serbia on channel B92. In Spain the programme started on 4 January 2008 on La Sexta, in the 21.00 slot. In Hong Kong, the programme started on 6 June 2008 on ATV World on Monday 20:00 slot. The Sales have also been agreed with broadcasters in India, Sri Lanka, Denmark, France, Italy, Greece, New Zealand, Poland, Macedonia, Portugal, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Israel, Canada, Czech Republic, Latin America and Switzerland. Broadcast in Sri Lanka began in 2009 in the National Television, Rupavahini; last episode was aired on 18 April 2010.
The first series became available on iTunes in May 2008. However, since the second series was just beginning in the United States, the Series two episodes are released on iTunes on a weekly basis, corresponding with the public releases. The series was previously available on Netflix, but has been discontinued. As of September 2018, the entire series is available to watch on Hulu and Amazon Prime.
Home releases
See also
Robin Hood (album)
References
Notes
Cornell, Paul. Robin Hood and business ongoing . "Paul Cornell's House of Awkwardness". URL retrieved Thursday 9 February 2006.
Deans, Jason. Robin Hood set for Saturday night revival (subscription link). "The Guardian". Thursday 14 July 2005.
BBC series needs new Robin Hood. BBC News Online. Monday 24 October 2005.
External links
Robin Hood at Tiger Aspect Productions
Robin Hood at the British Film Institute
Robin Hood Charity T-shirts for The Sherwood Forest Trust
2000s British drama television series
2006 British television series debuts
2009 British television series endings
BBC high definition shows
BBC television dramas
British adventure television series
Robin Hood television series
Television series by Endemol
Television series by Tiger Aspect Productions
English-language television shows
Cultural depictions of Eleanor of Aquitaine
Cultural depictions of Richard I of England
Cultural depictions of John, King of England
Television series about the Crusades
Television series by BBC Studios |
4017776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Framework%20for%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Cooperation | International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation | The International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (IFNEC) formerly the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) began as a U.S. proposal, announced by United States Secretary of Energy Samuel Bodman on February 6, 2006, to form an international partnership to promote the use of nuclear power and close the nuclear fuel cycle in a way that reduces nuclear waste and the risk of nuclear proliferation. This proposal would divide the world into "fuel supplier nations," which supply enriched uranium fuel and take back spent fuel, and "user nations," which operate nuclear power plants.
As GNEP the proposal proved controversial in the United States and internationally. The U.S. Congress provided far less funding for GNEP than President George W. Bush requested. U.S. arms control organizations criticized the proposal to resume reprocessing as costly and increasing proliferation risks. Some countries and analysts criticized the GNEP proposal for discriminating between countries as nuclear fuel cycle "haves" and "have-nots." In April 2009 the U.S. Department of Energy announced the cancellation of the U.S. domestic component of GNEP.
In 2010, the GNEP was renamed the International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation. IFNEC is now an international partnership with 34 participant and 31 observer countries, and three international organization observers. The international organization observers are: the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Generation IV International Forum, and the European Atomic Energy Community. Since 2015, the Nuclear Energy Agency provides Technical Secretariat support. IFNEC operates by consensus among its partners based on an agreed GNEP Statement of Mission.
GNEP in the United States
The GNEP proposal began as part of the Advanced Energy Initiative announced by President Bush in his 2006 State of the Union address.
In announcing the GNEP Proposal, the U.S. Department of Energy said:
As a research and development program, GNEP is an outgrowth of the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative
In April 2009 the U.S. Department of Energy announced the cancellation of the U.S. domestic component of GNEP, and in June 2009 announced that it is no longer pursuing domestic commercial reprocessing and had largely halted the domestic GNEP programme. Research would continue on proliferation-resistant fuel cycles and waste management.
Partnerships
The United States has established a number of cooperative arrangements to pursue technical cooperation on this proposal. On February 16, 2006 the United States, France and Japan signed an "arrangement" to research and develop sodium-cooled fast reactors in support of the GNEP. The United States has established "action plans" for collaboration with Russia, Japan and China.
On September 16, 2007, 16 countries officially became GNEP Partners by signing the GNEP Statement of Principles. These countries were:
Australia
Bulgaria
China
France
Ghana
Hungary
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Poland
Romania
Russia
Slovenia
Ukraine
United States
Since then, nine additional countries have joined:
Armenia
Canada
Estonia
Italy
Republic of Korea
Morocco
Oman
Senegal
United Kingdom
Seventeen countries have been invited to join GNEP as partners but have not been willing to sign the Statement of Principles and have participated as observers. These include South Africa, although South African Minerals and Energy Minister Buyelwa Sonjica stated that "Exporting uranium only to get it back refined, instead of enriching it in South Africa, would be 'in conflict with our national policy.'" 25 additional countries have been invited to join GNEP at the October 1, 2008 GNEP Ministerial in Paris, France.
Criticism
In 2007 a large number of U.S. nuclear arms control organizations sent a joint letter to Congress requesting that GNEP funding be terminated on the grounds that it undermined U.S. nuclear proliferation policy, would cost over $100 billion, and did not solve the nuclear waste problem.
In 2008 Congress allocated less than half of the requested funds, supporting GNEP research but not technology demonstration projects. The Congressional Budget Office assessed that reprocessing spent nuclear fuel would cost considerably more than disposal in a long-term repository.
Some states do not approve of the GNEP philosophy that partitions the world between a few fuel-cycle states and a larger number of receiver states, reflecting the distinctions in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. They are concerned that their nuclear fuel assurance could in the future be subject to external political pressure. They also believe it creates an unfortunate incentive on states to develop enrichment or reprocessing technology now, to position themselves to become one of the future fuel-cycle states.
Steve Kidd, Head of Strategy & Research at the World Nuclear Association, has explained:
An alternative view of GNEP may see it as somewhat discriminatory and potentially anti-competitive. By restricting parts of the fuel cycle to particular countries, albeit with fair rights of access to nuclear materials, there is a risk of maintaining or even reinforcing the existing NPT arrangements that have always upset certain nations, notably India and Pakistan. Similarly, by maintaining a market stranglehold on, for example, enrichment facilities in the existing countries, it can be argued that the market will be uncompetitive and lead to excessive profits being achieved by those who are so favoured.
Another criticism is that GNEP seeks to deploy proliferation-prone reprocessing technology for commercial reasons, and to bypass the continued delays with the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository, while erroneously claiming to enhance global nuclear security.
See also
Nuclear power
Integral Fast Reactor
United States-Japan Joint Nuclear Energy Action Plan
Franco-British Nuclear Forum
Section 123 Agreement
References
External links
Department of Energy's Global Nuclear Energy Partnership page
GNEP international partnership official web site
Departrment of Energy announcement
US launches Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, Nuclear Engineering International, 8 February 2006
GNEP: the right way forward?, Nuclear Engineering International, 1 June 2006
Nuclear Energy Plan Would Use Spent Fuel, Peter Baker and Dafna Linzer, Washington Post, January 26, 2006
Reprocessing Revisited:The International Dimensions of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, Edwin Lyman and Frank N. von Hippel, Arms Control Today, April 2008
Reports: The future of GNEP, "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", July-Aug 2008
Nuclear technology
Arms control
Energy policy
Energy in the United States
Nuclear reprocessing |
4017785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A51 | A51 | A51 may refer to:
Area 51, the nickname for a military base in Nevada that is the subject of many conspiracy theories
A51 Terrain Park (Colorado), a terrain park in Keystone, Colorado
A51 road (England), a road connecting Kingsbury and Chester
A51 motorway (France), a road connecting Marseille and Grenoble
A5/1, in cryptography, a stream cipher used in GSM cellular networks
Samsung Galaxy A51, a smartphone released in 2019
A51, one of the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings codes for the Budapest Gambit in chess
A-51, a Namibian hip hop band |
4017789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%20Five%20Nations%20Championship | 1972 Five Nations Championship | The 1972 Five Nations Championship was the 43rd Five Nations Championship, an annual rugby union competition contested by the men's national teams of England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, and the 78th since it began as the Home Nations Championship.
For the first time since the Second World War, the championship was not completed. Scotland and Wales did not travel to Dublin to play Ireland because of escalating political tensions in the wake of Bloody Sunday. Although the remaining fixtures of the schedule were fulfilled, as both Ireland and Wales won all their matches, neither could claim the title. To fill the gap of the missing two fixtures, France played a friendly match in Dublin (in addition to the scheduled match in Paris). In total, nine matches were played between 15 January and 29 April 1972.
This was the first Five Nations Championship in which a try was worth four points.
This tournament saw France play its last matches at its decades-long home ground, Stade Yves-du-Manoir in Colombes. The opening of the rebuilt Parc des Princes that June saw France move its Five Nations matches to that ground.
Participants
Table
Squads
Fixtures
Friendly match
References
External links
The official RBS Six Nations Site
http://stats.espnscrum.com/scrum/rugby/records/team/match_results.html?id=650;type=tournament
Six Nations Championship seasons
Five Nations
Five Nations
Five Nations
Five Nations
Five Nations
Five Nations
Five Nations
Five Nations
Five Nations
Five Nations |
4017793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkore%20language | Nkore language | Nkore (also called Nkole, Nyankore, Nyankole, Orunyankore, Orunyankole, Runyankore and Runyankole) is a Bantu language spoken by the Nkore ("Banyankore") of south-western Uganda in the former province of Ankole.
Runyankole is mainly spoken in the Mbarara, Bushenyi, Ntungamo, Kiruhura, Ibanda, Isingiro, Rukungiri and parts of Kitagwenda districts.
There is a brief description and teaching guide for this language, written by Charles V. Taylor in the 1950s, and an adequate dictionary in print. Whilst this language is spoken by almost all the Ugandans in the region, most also speak English, especially in the towns. (English is one of Uganda's two official languages, and the language taught in schools.)
Nkore is so similar to Kiga (84–94 percent lexical similarity) that some argue they are dialects of the same language, a language called Nkore-Kiga by Taylor.
Phonology
Runyankore has a five-vowel system:
Sounds /i, u/ can be heard as [ɪ, ʊ] when short or lax.
Orthography
a - [a]
b - [b]
c - [t͡ʃ]
d - [d]
e - [e]
f - [f]
g - [g/d͡ʒ]
h - [h]
i - [i]
k - [k/t͡ʃ]
m - [m]
n - [n]
o - [o]
p - [p]
r - [r]
s - [s]
t - [t]
u - [u]
v - [v]
w - [w]
y - [j]
z - [z]
ai - [ai̯]
ei - [ɛi̯]
gy - [gʲ]
ky - [kʲ]
mp - [ᵐp]
mw - [ᵐw]
nd - [ⁿd]
ng - [ŋ]
ny - [ɲ]
oi - [ɔi̯]
sh - [ʃ]
ts - [t͡s]
zh - [ʒ]
D and P are only used in the digraphs ND and MP and in loanwords.
G and K are [d͡ʒ] and [t͡ʃ] before I, [k] and [g] elsewhere.
Basic greetings
The greeting Agandi, implying, "How are you?" but literally meaning "other news!", can be replied with Ni marungi, which literally means "good news!".
The proper greetings are Oraire ota? or Osiibire ota?, literally translated "How was your night?" and "How was your day?". "Good night" is Oraare gye and "Good day" is Osiibe gye.
Here are a few names one might use in a greeting:
Madam – Nyabo
Sir – Sebo
Child – omwana
Boy – omwojo
Girl – omwishiki
Food
Matooke or Bananas - Ebitookye
Maize Meal or corn bread – Obuhunga
Beans – Ebihimba
Meat – Enyama
Millet Bread – Oburo
Other words and phrases
No: Ngaaha (ing-gah-ha) or Apaana (ah-pah-nah)
Yes: Yego (yegg-oh)
Thank you: Yebare (Ye-ba-re)
Thank you very much: Yebare munonga (Ye-ba-re mu-non-ga)
You're welcome (literally: Thank you for appreciating): Yebare kusiima (ye-ba-re koo-see-mah)
I like/love you: Ninkukunda (nin-koo-coon-dah) or ninkukunda munonga (nin-koo-coon-dah moo-non-gah)
My name is : Eizina ryangye niinye __ (ey-zeen-ah riya-gye ni-inye___) or ndi _ (in-dee __)
I am from _: Ninduga_ (nin-doog-ah_)
It's how much shillings/money? Ni shiringi zingahi? (Knee shi-rin-gee zin-gah-hee) or ni sente zingahi?
Good morning. How are you?
Oraire ota (orei-rota) Replies: I'm fine Ndaire gye (ndei-re-jeh) or Ndyaho (indi-aho)
Good morning. Did you sleep well?
Oraire gye? (orei-reh-jeh)
Reply: Yes, yourself?
Yego, shan’iwe
Good afternoon. How are you spending your day?
Osiibire ota (o-see-bee-rota) Replies: Nsiibire gye (insi-bi-reje)
You are spending your day well?
Osiibire gye (Osi birejge) Replies: Yes- Yego (yegg-oh) or nsiibire gye
Good afternoon. How has your day been?
Waasiiba ota (wasib-wota) Reply: Fine, good, I've spent it well – Naasiiba gye (nasi-baje)
Good night: oraregye
See also
Runyakitara language
References
a banyankore are bantu speaking group of people from South western Uganda and they speak Runyankore with (ntu) (aba) like akantu, ekintu, omuntu, abantu. Akantu means thing in prural, ekintu means something big, omuntu means a person, abantu means people same as in Zulu language of South Africa
Languages of Uganda
Nyoro-Ganda languages |
4017794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Alan%20Walker | Mark Alan Walker | Mark Alan Walker (born 1963) is a Canadian-American philosopher. He is a professor of philosophy at New Mexico State University, where he occupies the Richard L. Hedden Endowed Chair in Advanced Philosophical Studies. Prior to his professorship at NMSU Prof. Walker taught at McMaster University in the department of philosophy and the Arts & Science Programme. He is the author of Happy-People Pills for All (Oxford: Blackwell Press, 2013) and Free Money for All (New York: Palgrave, 2016). Walker founded and was president of the former nonprofit organization Permanent End International (2003–2007), which had been devoted to ending hunger, illiteracy and environmental degradation through the dissemination of modular aquaponics systems for farming. He serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Evolution and Technology and on the board of directors of the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies. He is a former board member of the non-profit organization Humanity Plus (formerly World Transhumanist Association).
Professor Walker is a consequentialist who argues that humans have a responsibility to perfect themselves in the realm of morality and virtue. He has written extensively about the ethics of using technology to enhance human capabilities (including advocacy of superlongevity and biohappiness); about the possibility of enhancing virtue genetically, through both genetic modification and the cultivation of humans with larger brains and a better understanding of moral reasoning; and about the moral obligations that humans may have toward artificially intelligent beings in the future. He also co-authored an influential piece about the nexus between transhumanism and religion, with Heidi Campbell.
See also
Perfectionism (philosophy)
Transhumanism
References
External links
Mark Alan Walker's homepage
1963 births
Living people
Canadian philosophers
Canadian transhumanists
New Mexico State University faculty |
4017795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltrop | Waltrop | Waltrop is a town in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the Datteln-Hamm Canal, approximately 15 km east of Recklinghausen and 15 km north-west of Dortmund.
Division of the town
The town of Waltrop is surrounded by the Bauerschaften (rural boroughs) Lippe (Unterlippe/Oberlippe), Elmenhorst, Brockenscheidt, Leveringhausen, Oberwiese and Holthausen.
History
People already settled in this area about 2,000 years ago.
The village developed around the parish church of St. Peter which was built in the 9th/10th century.
It is known that in 1432 Waltrop was a part of the county Dortmund. After the Soest Feud, the archbishops of Cologne could intervene against the counts of Mark, so that Waltrop became a part of Vest Recklinghausen.
The production of coal in the mine started in 1905. As a consequence, Waltrop grew larger and became an industrial town. The coal mine was closed down in 1974.
In 1939, Waltrop got its municipal rights.
Governance
The town council of Waltrop consists of 36 seats, which are divided into 6 parliamentary groups since September 2020:
SPD, 13 seats
CDU, 12 seats
Greens, 5 seats
Waltroper Aufbruch (WA), 3 seats
FDP, 2 seats
Die Linke, 1 seat
Since 2020 Marcel Mittelbach (SPD) is mayor of Waltrop.
Notable places
Waltrop is home to a museum of old ship lifts, including the Henrichenburg boat lift and a historical coal mine.
Local industry
Manufactum, upscale retailer for traditionally-made household goods
Langendorf, a tipping trailer manufacturer
Notable people
Sylvia Dördelmann (born 1970), rower
Matthias Hues (born 1959), actor and martial artist
Christoph Korte (born 1965), rower
Michel Lewandowski (1914–1990), footballer
Twin towns – sister cities
Waltrop is twinned with:
Herne Bay, England, United Kingdom (1976)
Cesson-Sévigné, France (1984)
San Miguelito, Nicaragua (1988)
Gardelegen, Germany (1990)
Görele, Turkey (2012)
References
External links
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Recklinghausen (district)
Province of Westphalia |
4017814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frosting%20%28crime%29 | Frosting (crime) | Frosting is a UK term for motor vehicle theft occurring in winter, which involves an opportunist thief stealing a vehicle with its engine running whilst the owner de-ices it. According to a British insurance company, the crime has contributed to the theft of 135,000 unattended cars in the past five years in the UK. This can be prevented by installing a car security system.
References
External links
The human impact of young driver crashes
Ice theft Mini used in ram raid
Motor vehicle theft |
4017815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Archdiocese%20of%20Omaha | Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Omaha | The Archdiocese of Omaha () is Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. Its current archbishop, George Joseph Lucas, was installed in Omaha on July 22, 2009. The archdiocese serves more than 230,000 Catholics in approximately 140 parishes and missions. It includes 23 counties in northeast Nebraska: Boyd, Holt, Merrick, Nance, Boone, Antelope, Knox, Pierce, Madison, Platte, Colfax, Stanton, Wayne, Cedar, Dixon, Dakota, Thurston, Cuming, Dodge, Burt, Washington, Douglas, and Sarpy.
History
On January 6, 1857 Pope Pius IX established the Apostolic Vicariate of Nebraska from the Apostolic Vicariate of Indian Territory (East of the Rocky Mountains). The Rev. James Myles O'Gorman, O.C.S.O., from New Melleray Monastery near Dubuque, Iowa, was named the Apostolic Vicar on January 28, 1859. The Vicariate lost territory when the Apostolic Vicariate of Montana was created in 1883. (This later developed as the Roman Catholic Diocese of Helena.)
The Nebraska vicariate was elevated to a diocese and renamed as the Diocese of Omaha by Pope Leo XIII on October 2, 1885. Reverend James O'Connor was appointed as its first bishop. At the time, the diocese included all of Nebraska and Wyoming. It lost territory on August 2, 1887 when the dioceses of Cheyenne and Lincoln were established.
The diocese lost territory two more times: to the Diocese of Kearney in 1912 when it was created, and again in 1916. Omaha was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XII on August 10, 1945.
Sexual abuse scandal of 20th and 21st centuries
The Archdiocese of Omaha has been implicated in the widespread scandal of sexual abuse by clergy in the Catholic church in the United States and earlier institutional coverups of actions. In 2018, the Archdiocese of Omaha released the names of 38 priests and other clergy members who have been credibly accused of sexual misconduct, an action requested by the state’s top prosecutor. At least two men on the list had been convicted and served prison sentences for molesting children.
Among those listed was Daniel Herek, a former Omaha priest who was defrocked, convicted and sentenced to prison in 1999 for sexually assaulting and videotaping a 14-year-old boy. He also served jail time several years later for exposing himself in an Omaha parking lot. John Fiala, who left the Omaha Archdiocese in 1996, was among those listed. Fiala died in 2017 in a Texas prison after being convicted of sexually abusing a teenage boy and of trying to hire a hit man to kill the victim.
Though the earliest incident of abuse on record was alleged to have happened in 1956, the Archdiocese of Omaha has acknowledged that it did not record reports of sexual abuse until 1978. In a written statement published together with the list of accused clergy, Omaha Archbishop George Joseph Lucas wrote,
"We acknowledge this report with sorrow, and know that it will cause a great deal of pain.” He continued, "We’re deeply saddened so many innocent minors and young adults were harmed by the church’s ministers. To victims and their families, I am sorry for the pain, betrayal and suffering you have experienced in the church.”
Bishops
Bishops of Omaha
James Myles O'Gorman (1859-1874)
James O.Connor (1876–1890)
Richard Scannell (1891–1916)
Jeremiah James Harty (1916–1927), Archbishop (personal title)
Joseph Francis Rummel (1928–1935), appointed Archbishop of New Orleans
Archbishops of Omaha
James Hugh Ryan (1935–1947)
Gerald Thomas Bergan (1947–1969)
Daniel E. Sheehan (1969–1993)
Elden Francis Curtiss (1993–2009)
George Joseph Lucas (2009–present)
Auxiliary bishops
Daniel E. Sheehan (1964–1969), appointed Archbishop here
Anthony Michael Milone (1981–1987), appointed Bishop of Great Falls-Billings
Other priests of this diocese who became bishops
Blase Joseph Cupich, appointed Bishop of Rapid City in 1998; future Cardinal
William Joseph Dendinger, appointed Bishop of Grand Island in 2004
Joseph Gerard Hanefeldt, appointed Bishop of Grand Island in 2015
Edward Joseph Hunkeler, appointed Bishop of Grand Island in 1945
Patrick Aloysius Alphonsus McGovern, appointed Bishop of Cheyenne in 1912
John Linus Paschang, appointed Bishop of Grand Island in 1951
Parishes
Omaha Catholic schools
The Omaha Catholic Schools is a school district in and around Omaha which is part of the Archdiocese of Omaha. All schools are accredited or approved by the state of Nebraska. The school district is composed of 54 elementary schools, one private 4th-8th grade school, four corporation high schools, three K-12th grade schools, one special needs K-12th grade school, and ten private high schools. Over 20,000 students attend Omaha Catholic Schools each year.
Suffragan sees
Diocese of Grand Island
Diocese of Lincoln
See also
Catholic Church by country
Catholic Church in the United States
Ecclesiastical Province of Omaha
Education in Omaha, Nebraska
Global organisation of the Catholic Church
List of the Catholic dioceses of the United States
List of churches in Omaha, Nebraska
List of Roman Catholic archdioceses (by country and continent)
List of Roman Catholic dioceses (alphabetical) (including archdioceses)
List of Roman Catholic dioceses (structured view) (including archdioceses)
Notre Dame Academy and Convent
Sexual abuse scandal in Omaha archdiocese
References
External links
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Omaha official site
Omaha
Education in Omaha, Nebraska
Religious organizations established in 1857
Omaha
1857 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Christianity in Omaha, Nebraska |
4017830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni%20Kurz | Toni Kurz | Toni Kurz (13 January 1913 – 22 July 1936) was a German mountain climber active in the 1930s. He died in 1936 during an attempt to climb the then-unclimbed north face of the Eiger with his partner Andreas Hinterstoisser.
Biography
Toni Kurz was born on 13 January 1913 in Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, Germany, where he was raised. He completed a brief apprenticeship as a pipefitter before joining the German Wehrmacht in 1934 as a professional soldier. Together with his childhood friend Andreas Hinterstoisser, he made numerous first ascents of peaks in the Berchtesgaden Alps, including some of the most difficult climbs of that time. The two young men climbed the southwest wall of the Berchtesgadener Hochthron in 1934, and the south wall of the straight pillar in 1936. They also made first ascents in the Reiter Alpe on the German–Austrian border, and of the direct southern route up the Watzmannkinder, part of the Watzmann, in 1935.
In July 1936, Kurz and Hinterstoisser left Berchtesgaden, where they were serving in the military, and travelled by bicycle to Kleine Scheidegg, Switzerland to attempt to climb the north face of the Eiger, which at the time was still unclimbed. While on the mountain, they met up with two Austrian climbers—Edi Rainer and Willy Angerer—and the four decided to continue their attempt together.
During the ascent, Angerer was injured by falling rocks loosened by the warmth of the rising sun as they crossed the first ice field. As a result of Angerer's worsening condition and their slow progress across the second ice field, they abandoned the attempt on the Eiger and decided to descend. A further challenge arose when Kurz and his comrades failed to retrace their route across the area now known as the Hinterstoisser Traverse and had to climb downwards. As the result of another avalanche, Hinterstoisser himself became disconnected, plummeted down the mountain, and perished. Later, Angerer, now climbing below Kurz, was smashed against the wall, dying instantly. Edi Rainer, the climber who had been securing the other two, was pulled against the wall and died minutes later of asphyxiation. Kurz, alone now, remained uninjured.
Later that day, amid worsening weather, a rescue team attempted to reach Kurz from below, ascending by means of the railway tunnel that ran through the mountain, the Jungfraubahn. They could not reach Kurz due to the severity of the storm and were forced to leave him dangling unprotected and exposed to the elements for the entire night. The next day, the team again attempted to effect a rescue; Kurz himself made the effort, despite a frozen hand due to losing a glove, to abseil down the face of the mountain and reach the team. To accomplish this, he first had to cut loose the dead body of Angerer hanging below him, then climb up and cut loose Rainer. To increase the length of his rope, he unravelled it and tied the three strands end-to-end. This entire process took five grueling hours. He then lowered the rope to the waiting rescuers, who attached their own rope, strong enough for the abseil.
The mountain guides only had one long rope – 60 metres – with them. Hans Schlunegger just put it between his back and his rucksack (not into his rucksack) to save some time. This was not an unusual practice for them. Unfortunately when he made a sudden movement the rope dropped and fell down to the foot of the wall. To try to reach the required length, the team combined two shorter ropes, but the combined length still fell short. Kurz pulled up their rope, fixed it, and began his abseiling descent. He was stopped a mere couple of metres above his rescuers by the knot. To abseil any further he would have had to raise himself enough to release the tension on the knot and let it pass through his gear. Desperately, Kurz tried to move himself past the knot, but in vain. Facing the futility of his situation, he said only "Ich kann nicht mehr" ("I can't [go on] anymore") and died. His body was later recovered by a German team.
Legacy
The tragic story became well known after publication of Heinrich Harrer's classic 1960 book The White Spider and was more recently covered by Joe Simpson's book (and Emmy-winning TV documentary), The Beckoning Silence, as well as the 2008 German dramatic movie North Face.
References
Citations
Sources
1913 births
1936 deaths
German mountain climbers
Mountaineering deaths
Sport deaths in Switzerland
German Army (1935–1945) soldiers |
4017831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey%20McKeon | Lindsey McKeon | Lindsey McKeon is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Marah Lewis on Guiding Light and Taylor James on One Tree Hill. She previously starred on Saved by the Bell: The New Class as Katie Peterson from 1996–2000.
Life
McKeon was born in Summit, New Jersey.
In the late 1990s, she was involved with Scott Ashley Sterling (son of Donald Sterling). The day she broke up with Sterling, a fight ensued between him and his friend Philip Scheid, who Sterling thought was trying to steal Mckeon from him, resulting in Scheid being shot by Sterling with a shotgun.
She is married to longtime boyfriend Brant Hively, with the couple having wed in small intimate outdoor ceremony.
Career
McKeon starred on Saved by the Bell: The New Class, playing Katie Peterson, debuting with the series' fourth season in 1996 and continuing until the series ended in 2000. She joined the CBS daytime soap opera Guiding Light in November 2001, playing the character of Marah Lewis until 2004. In a June 2002 Victoria Advocate article, McKeon said of her character, Marah, "She could definitely make some smarter choices where men are concerned, but couldn't we all?" and "I just hope she's learned as much as I have after going through all of this."
McKeon has appeared as a series regular in Fox's The Opposite Sex and had a recurring role on Boy Meets World. Additional television credits include the lead in Class Warfare, a USA Network movie-of-the-week, and episodes of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, Grounded for Life, Maybe It's Me, Special Unit 2, 3rd Rock from the Sun, House, and Odd Man Out.
Most recently, she has made guest appearances on the shows Supernatural and Veronica Mars, and on One Tree Hill as Taylor James, the sister of Haley James Scott played by fellow Guiding Light alumnus Bethany Joy Galeotti. Her film credits include Shredder and Class Warfare.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Interview at Sequential Tart
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Los Angeles
Actresses from New Jersey
American child actresses
American film actresses
American soap opera actresses
American television actresses
Living people
People from Summit, New Jersey
Year of birth missing (living people) |
4017834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy%20Turner | Randy Turner | Randy J. "Biscuit" Turner (November 25, 1949 – August 19, 2005) was an American punk singer and artist. He was the lead singer for the seminal hardcore punk band Big Boys, formed in Austin in the late 1970s. Turner is regarded as a pioneer bi performer in the world of punk rock.
Biography
Early years
Randy J. "Biscuit" Turner was born November 25, 1949, in Gladewater, Texas, United States.
Musical career
Turner's band, Big Boys, along with The Dicks, Really Red, and MDC, are credited with the development of hardcore punk in Texas, while it was simultaneously emerging in other cities as well. They were one of the earliest skate punk groups, were featured in Thrasher skateboarding magazine and videos, and had their own Big Boys skateboard.
The group also is known for being the first punk band to introduce funk rhythms into hardcore, influencing later bands such as Red Hot Chili Peppers. Turner was noted for outrageous stage antics, such as wearing a pink ballerina's tutu and pink cowboy boots while performing.
Queried about his sexuality by Flipside magazine in 1982, "Biscuit" Turner replied:
"I don't know if I want to answer that or not because it doesn't make any difference if I'm gay or not, I'm a human being and my sexual preference doesn't play into my lifestyle. It comes from my heart and I want people to look at me and say I'm a human being — don't ask me about what 5% of my life is."
In his musical career, Turner also played with Cargo Cult, Texas Biscuit Bombs, Naugahyde Dream Sequence, and Swine King, the last of which contributed a song to Outpunk Records' seminal queercore compilation CD Outpunk Dance Party.
Other pursuits
Turner also took many turns in the theatre and performance realm. He was well known as a spoken word poet and was welcomed at many readings in Austin's busy slam poetry scene. He took several turns as the "penalty diva" for TXRD Lonestar Rollergirls around 2003, after the death of his friend Amberdiva who had held that position. He performed in 1992 in an award winning production of "Our Town" at Zachary Scott Theatre, playing both the professor and the reverend.
Biscuit was an avid collector, garage sale maniac, and found object artist. His house was a treasure trove of Americana and he decorated the outside with all sorts of sculptural creations and lights during the holidays. Neighbors and kids often stopped to gawk at his amazing creations and "finds" that surrounded his South Austin home.
Death and legacy
Turner was found dead in his home in south Austin on August 19, 2005. The cause of death was reported to be cirrhosis of the liver due to a chronic, untreated hepatitis C infection. He was preparing for a show of his artwork scheduled to open just a few days after he died. He was featured on the cover of the local independent newspaper, The Austin Chronicle, which was released the day after his death.
In 2004, in a song called "Ode", from the CD Complete Discography, the queercore band Limp Wrist pay homage to Randy Turner, along with Gary Floyd of The Dicks and Joshua Plague of Mukilteo Fairies and Behead the Prophet, No Lord Shall Live, for being pioneering gay punks in the hardcore scene who have paved the way for Limp Wrist.
References
External links
Randy "Biscuit" Turner's final interview
Randy "Biscuit" Turner memorial page with sample of his artwork
Naugahyde Dream Sequence's homepage
American punk rock singers
1949 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from hepatitis
Deaths from diabetes
Deaths from cirrhosis
American gay musicians
Singers from Texas
LGBT people from Texas
Infectious disease deaths in Texas
20th-century American singers
Alcohol-related deaths in Texas |
4017836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart%20Castle%2C%20Northern%20Ireland | Stewart Castle, Northern Ireland | Stewart Castle (also known as Newtownstewart Castle) is situated in Newtownstewart, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It was built in 1619 by Sir Robert Newcomen in an English manor house style. It was damaged during the Irish Rebellion of 1641 by Sir Phelim O' Neill and in 1689 on King James' return from the Siege of Derry. King James ordered the Stewart Castle, and the town, to be burnt down. In the main street a piece of the castle wall still stands.
Newtownstewart Plantation castle is a State Care Historic Monument in the townland of Newtownstewart, in Strabane District Council area, at grid ref: H4020 8583.
An intact Bronze Age cist grave was found within castle site. It was excavated in 1999.
See also
Castles in Northern Ireland
References
Bronze Age burial cist - Newtownstewart
Stewart Castle
County Tyrone.com
External links
Newtownstewart Castle
Castles in County Tyrone
Ruined castles in Northern Ireland |
4017837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20%28surname%29 | Ray (surname) | The surname Ray has several origins.
Origin of the surname
In some cases it originate from a nickname, derived from the Old French rei, roy, meaning "king", which was sometimes also used as a personal name. This nickname may have denoted a person's pride or swagger, someone's appearance, or regal behavior or bearing, or may have referred to achievement in a contest, royal service, or may have denoted someone who presided over certain festive celebrations. Early examples of forms of this surname include: William Lerei, in 1195 (Norfolk); Robert Raie, in 1206 (Cambridgeshire); and Thomas filius Rey, in 1296 (Cambridgeshire).
In other cases, the surname originates from a nickname derived from the northern Middle English rā, rae, ray (Old English rā, Old Norse rā), meaning "roe deer", or the Middle English ray (Old English rœge), meaning "female roe deer". This nickname may have denoted a timid person or a swift runner.
In other cases, the surname is derived from the Scottish Gaelic Mac Raith, a surname derived from the Gaelic personal name Macraith, "son of grace". Early examples of forms of this surname include: Alexander Macrad, in about 1225 (Dumbartonshire); Patric McRe, in 1376 (Dumfriesshire); and Adam McCreich, in 1438.
In other cases, the surname is a variant of Rye. In such cases, the surname may originate from two locative names: one is derived from a form of the Middle English atter ye, "meaning at the island" (Old English œt thœre ige), for someone who lived on an island or a patch of firm ground; the other is derived from a form of the Middle English atter eye, meaning "at the river" (Old English œt thœre eœ) for someone who lived near a river or stream. Early examples of forms of the surname Rye include: William de Rye, in 1240 (Essex); Ralph de Rye, in 1248 (Essex); and Ralph de la Reye, in 1279 (Oxfordshire).
In other cases, the surname may be a variant of the surname Wray, a variant of Wroe, derived from the Middle English wroe (Old Scandinavian vrá), meaning "nook, corner of land". Early examples of forms of the surname Wray include: Willelmus del Wra, in 1379 (Lancashire); Ricardus del Wra, in 1377 (West Yorkshire); and Willelmus in the Wraa, in 1379 (West Yorkshire).
In other cases, the surname is of Ashkenazic Jewish origin. In other cases, the surname may have originated as locative name, derived from the Old French raier, meaning "to gush, stream, or pour". In other cases, the surname is a variant of Indian surname Rai. In some case, the surname Rai is derived from the Sanskrit raja, meaning "king". In other cases, specifically in Karnataka, the origin of the surname is unknown.
People with this surname
Adam E. Ray (1808–1865), American politician
Adam Ray (comedian), American comedian and actor
Adil Ray (born 1974), British radio and television presenter
Aindrita Ray (born 1984), Indian film actress
A. N. Ray Ajit Nath Ray (1912–2010), Indian Bengali jurist
Aldo Ray (1926–1991), American actor
Allan Ray (born 1984), American professional basketball player
Amy Ray (born 1964), American singer-songwriter, member of the Indigo Girls
Andrew Ray (1939–2003), British actor
Anna Chapin Ray (1865–1945), American author
Annada Shankar Ray (1904–2002), Indian Bengali poet and essayist
Benjamin Ray (born 1819), American politician
Bharatchandra Ray (1712–1760), Indian Bengali poet and composer
Bill Ray (disambiguation), several people
Bill Ray (bishop) (born 1950), Anglican bishop of North Queensland in Australia
Bill Ray (politician) (1922–2013), American businessman, politician, and writer
Bill Ray (photojournalist) (1936–2020), photojournalist
Billy Ray (screenwriter), screenwriter, director, and producer
Blaine Ray, American creator of TPR Storytelling
Bob Ray, American filmmaker
Bobby Ray (actor) (1899–1957), American comedian and film director
Bobby Ray (singer), American recording artist from Texas
Bobby Ray Parks Jr., Filipino professional basketball player
Bonnie Ray, American statistician and data scientist
Brian Ray (born 1955), American musician
Charles A. Ray (1829-1912), American judge
Charles W. Ray (1872–1959), American recipient of Medal of Honor
Chris Ray (born 1982), American baseball pitcher
Clifford Ray (born 1949), American basketball coach and former player
Daniel Burrill Ray (1928–1979), American mathematician
Danny Ray (singer) (born 1951), Jamaican-born reggae singer and record producer
Danny Ray (saxophonist) (born 1951), American saxophonist
David Parker Ray (1939–2002), American suspected serial killer (known as the "Toy-Box Killer")
David R. Ray (1945–1969), United States Navy sailor
Dave "Snaker" Ray (1943–2002), American blues singer and guitarist
Dixy Lee Ray (1914–1994), American scientist and politician, former Governor of Washington
Dorothy Jean Ray (born 1919), American anthropologist
Dwijendralal Ray (1863–1913), Indian Bengali poet, playwright, and musician
Edgar Ray (1828–1905), founder of "Punch" magazines in Australia
Elise Ray (born 1982), American gymnast
Elmer Ray (born 1912), American heavyweight boxer
Frank Edward "Ed" Ray (1921–2012), American bus driver hero in 1976 Chowchilla kidnapping
Fred Olen Ray (born 1954), American director, producer, screenwriter, actor, and cinematographer
Gabrielle Ray (1883–1973), British stage actress, dancer and singer
Ganendra Narayan Ray (born 1933), Indian Bengali jurist
Gene Ray, American, creator of website Time Cube
Gene Anthony Ray (1962–2003), American actor, dancer, and choreographer
George Augustus Ray (1819–1893), American politician
Gordon Norton Ray (1915–1986), American biographer and professor of English
Gourishankar Ray (1838–1917), Indian Odia language activist
Greg Ray (born 1966), American IRL IndyCar Series driver
Herbert J. Ray (1893–1970), American admiral
Isaac Ray (1807–1881), American psychiatrist
James Ray (disambiguation) several people, including:
James B. Ray (1794–1848), American politician
James Earl Ray (1928–1998), American convicted of assassinating Martin Luther King
James Ray (rock musician), rock musician, member of The Sisterhood and James Ray's Gangwar
James Ray (singer) (1941–1964), African-American R&B singer
Jamini Bhushan Ray (1879–1926), Indian Bengali physician, Sanskritist, and philanthropist
Janisse Ray (born 1962), American writer, naturalist, and environmental activist
Jean Ray (1941–2007), American folk singer of Jim and Jean duo
Jean Ray (author), Belgian writer
Jeremy Ray, Australian television presenter and video game reviewer
Jimmy Ray (born 1970), British pop-rock musician
Joe Ray, of Nero (musicians), British dubstep trio
John Ray (1627–1705), British naturalist
John H. Ray (1886–1975), American politician
Johnnie Ray (1927–1990), American singer, songwriter, and pianist
Johnny Ray (racing driver) (born 1937), American NASCAR driver
Johnny Ray (second baseman) (born 1957), American baseball player
Joie Ray (athlete) (Joseph W. Ray; 1894–1978), American middle-distance runner
Joie Ray (racing driver) (Joseph Reynolds Ray, Jr.; 1923–2007), American race car driver
Jonah Ray (born 1982), American actor, comedian and writer
Joseph Ray (disambiguation), includes
Joseph Warren Ray (1849–1928), American politician
Karen B. Ray, American politician
Ken Ray (born 1974), American baseball pitcher
Lionel Ray (born 1935), French poet and essayist
Lisa Ray (born 1972), Canadian actress and former model
Little Ray, American musician
Man Ray (1890–1976), American artist
Manju Ray, Indian biochemist and cancer researcher
Mary Ruth Ray (1956–2013), American classical violist
Mike Ray (born 1936), Canadian politician
Marcus Ray, main character in Knock Off (film)
Nicholas Ray (1911–1979), American filmmaker
Niharranjan Ray (1903–1981), Indian Bengali historian
Norman W. Ray (born 1942), American admiral
Ola Ray (born 1960), American model and actress
Prafulla Chandra Ray (1861–1944), Indian Bengali chemist, educator and entrepreneur
Pratibha Ray (born 1943), Indian Odia writer
Rabi Ray (born 1926), Indian Odia politician, former speaker of Lok Sabha
Rachael Ray (born 1968), American television personality, celebrity chef and author
Radhanath Ray (1848–1908), Indian Odia poet
Raja Sitaram Ray (1658–1714), Indian rebel king who fought against the Mughal Empire
Ray brothers, American, three hemophiliac brothers diagnosed with HIV in 1986
Reginald Ray, American Buddhist academic and Vajra Master
Renuka Ray (1904–1997), Indian Bengali social activist
Rex Ray, American fine artist and graphic designer
Richie Ray (born 1945), American musician and minister of duo Richie Ray & Bobby Cruz
Ricky Ray (born 1979), Canadian and American football quarterback
Rob Ray (born 1968), Canadian sports broadcaster and former ice hockey player
Robbie Ray (born 1991), American baseball pitcher
Robbie Ray (racing driver), American racing driver
Robert Ray (disambiguation), several people
Robert D. Ray (1928–2018), Governor of Iowa 1969 to 1983
Robert D. Ray (1978–2000), one of the Ray brothers (above)
Robert R. Ray, Reconstruction era sheriff and state legislator in Feliciana, Louisiana
Robert Ray (artist) (1924–2002), American artist
Robert Ray (Australian politician) (born 1947), Labor Party Senator for Victoria
Robert Ray (prosecutor) (born 1960), final Whitewater Special Counsel
Robert Ray (baseball) (born 1984), baseball pitcher
Robin Ray (1934–1998), British actor, musician and broadcaster
Ronnie Ray (born 1954), American track and field athlete
Ruth Ray (1919–1977), American artist
Sandip Ray (born 1953), Indian Bengali filmmaker
Satyajit Ray (1921–1992), Indian Bengali filmmaker
Scottie Ray (born 1964), American voice actor
Shawn Ray (born 1965) American author and former professional bodybuilder
Sibnarayan Ray (1921–2008), Indian Bengali educationist, philosopher and literary critic
Siddhartha Shankar Ray (1920–2010), chief minister of West Bengal and governor of Punjab
Siddharth Ray (1963–2004), Indian Marathi actor
Sidney Herbert Ray (1858–1939), American linguist
Stevie Ray (born 1958), American wrestler
Sukumar Ray (1887–1923), Indian Bengali nonsense poet, story writer and playwright
Tanika Ray, American television personality
Ted Ray (comedian) (1905–1977), British comedian
Ted Ray (golfer) (1877–1943), British professional golfer
Thomas S. Ray, American ecologist who created the Tierra project
Upendrakishore Ray (1863–1915), Indian Bengali writer, painter, violinist and composer
William Ray (disambiguation) several people, including
Sir William Ray (British politician), Leader of London County Council, MP for Richmond
William Ray (medicine) (1884–1953), academic in Adelaide, South Australia
William H. Ray (1812–1881), United States Representative from Illinois
William Hallett Ray (1825–1909), Canadian politician, farmer, and merchant
William M. Ray (born 1963), American judge
Wyatt Ray (born 1996), American football player
Fictional characters
Amuro Ray
Charles Lee Ray
See also
Del Ray (disambiguation)
Le Ray (disambiguation)
Leray
Rae (surname)
Rai (surname)
Ray (given name)
Rey (surname)
Rhea (name)
Roy
Wray (surname)
Citations
References
English-language surnames
Indian surnames
Bengali Hindu surnames |
4017855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDB%20Human%20Genome%20Database | GDB Human Genome Database | The GDB Human Genome Database was a community curated collection of human genomic data. It was a key database in the Human Genome Project and was in service from 1989 to 2008.
History
In 1989 the Howard Hughes Medical Institute provided funding to establish a central repository for human genetic mapping data. This project ultimately resulted in the creation of the GDB Human Genome DataBase in September 1990. In order to ensure a high degree of quality, records within GDB were subjected to a curation process by human genetics specialists, including the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee.
Established under the leadership of Peter Pearson and Dick Lucier, GDB received financial support from the US Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. Located at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, GDB became a source of high quality mapping data which were made available both online as well as through numerous printed publications. The project was supported internationally by the EU, Japan, and other countries.
The GDB had several directors in its time. Peter Pearson, David T. Kingsbury, Stantley Letovsky, Peter Li, and A. Jamie Cuticchia.
In 1998, the change of focus in the human genome project redirected US Department of Energy funds which were previously available for GDB. However that same year, A. Jamie Cuticchia obtained funding from Canadian public and private sources to continue the operations of GDB. While the data curation continued to be performed at Johns Hopkins, GDB central operations were moved to The Hospital for Sick Children (HSC) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In November 2001, the HSC fired Cuticchia due to a dispute over the GDB website domain name.
In 2003 RTI International became the new host for GDB where it continued to be maintained as a public resource; GDB was closed in 2008 after control of the project reverted to Johns Hopkins.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/19970605132915/http://www.gdb.org/ archived version of the GDB website (1997)
Genome databases |
4017862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chembai | Chembai | Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar a.k.a. Vaidyanatha Iyer (28 August 1896 – 16 October 1974) was a Carnatic music singer from Palakkad (state of Kerala, India). Known by his village name Chembai, or simply as Bhagavatar, he was born to Anantha Bhagavatar and Parvati Ammal in 1896, into a Tamil Brahmin family in Perakkool Madom (Parvati Ammal's birth home), adjacent to Lokanarkavu near Vatakara on Janmashtami day. He lived here until he was five years old. The family later shifted to Palakkad. Chembai was noted for his powerful voice and majestic style of singing. His first public performance was in 1904, when he was nine. A recipient of several titles and honours (including the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi in 1951), he was known for his encouragement of upcoming musicians and ability to spot new talent. He was responsible for popularising compositions like Rakshamam Saranagatam and Pavana Guru, among others. The music critic 'Aeolus' described him as "the musician who has meant the most to Carnatic Music in the first fifty years of the 20th century." His prominent disciples include Chembai Narayana Bhagavathar, Mangu Thampuran, Guruvayur Ponnammal, T. V. Gopalakrishnan, V. V. Subramaniam, P. Leela, K. G. Jayan, K. G. Vijayan, K. J. Yesudas, Kudumaru Venkataraman and Babu Parameswaran, among others. He also mentored many young accompanists, including Palghat Mani Iyer, Lalgudi Jayaraman, M. S. Gopalakrishnan, T. N. Krishnan, Palani Subramaniam Pillai and L. Subramaniam. Memorial music festivals have been held in his honour annually since his death in 1974, the most important being the annually celebrated Chembai Sangeetholsavam.
Early life
The family's connection with classical music spans five centuries. Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar's father, Anantha Bhagavatar, was a violinist and singer from Chembai, near Palakkad, to whom a local Maharaja awarded the title "Ghana Chakratanam", indicating his mastery of a special closed-mouth style of singing tanam. At age 3, Chembai began to learn Carnatic music from his father in the customary guru-sishya tradition, and also began violin and flute training in 1912. Chembai is also one of 12 names of Sirkazhi, the birthplace of saint Gnanasambandar 7th century CE in TN.
Singing career
Some of the noteworthy early events that helped shape Chembai's career include his arangetram (debut concert) in Ottapalam in 1904, performances at Vaikom and Guruvayur in 1907, his year with Kaliakudi Natesa Sastry (1909) and the accolades he received from Palghat Anantharama Bhagavatar (1911). Between 1913 and 1927, he performed at many different music festivals and sabhas, notably including the Madras Music Academy and the often forgotten Jagannatha Bhakta Sabha.
Chembai in 1952 he had lost his voice and couldn’t chant the name of his favourite deity, Guruvayurappan. He prayed fervently and apparently his prayers were answered when a stranger gave treatment to his voice for 18 days in Poomallianmana in Kerala at the residence of Nilakantan Namboodripad. He came around and was able to sing with increased vigour. Since then, he donated the majority of his earnings to Guruvayoor temple.
Release of recordings
Chembai has many phonograph recordings to his credit, recorded from 1932 to 1946. Those were the days before the advent of the concert microphone, and a singer was entirely dependent on the timbre and reach of his voice for a successful concert. Chembai was blessed with a voice of great depth. Further, the perception that Chembai's repertoire of songs was limited is highly incorrect. The number of different compositions he recorded is in the hundreds (let alone the total number he performed in concerts and on radio during his career).
Lalita Dasar Kritis (1945)
Chembai's old friend, T. G. Krishna Iyer, from Tripunithura, had settled in Madras (now Chennai) and offered a house to Chembai on Palace Road near Santhome. He had composed some 155 kritis in Telugu, Malayalam, Tamil and Sanskrit under the mudra 'Lalita dasar' and requested Chembai to popularise them. Chembai set the kritis to classical music and got them published under the name Lalita Dasar Keertanaigal. He made it a practice to sing these kritis in most of his concerts. He also released a record containing selected kritis from Lalita Dasar's kritis like Evariki Telusunamma (Dhanyasi), Ennil Kaninda (Shankarabharanam), Pavana Guru (Hamsanandi), Varijadala Lochani (Arabhi), among others.
Performing ability and style
Chembai had a vigorous, strong, vibrant, ringing and resonant voice. He would sing in a clear, open-throated style that requires high levels of physical and mental endurance to pull off, yet, he did so in a seemingly effortless manner. He had a wonderful sense of accurate kala pramana (time measure). He could do a niraval and swaraprastara from any given point, which bespoke of mental alertness in a concert. His empathy for his accompanists and disciples was noteworthy and he would go to great lengths to encourage them.
Other stalwarts have admired the strengths in Chembai's singing. For instance, upon witnessing that Chembai was able to sing three major concerts in a single day, Sangeetha Kalanidhi G. N. Balasubramaniam is said to have remarked "These are not ordinary men. These are the Asuras of the music field. If I sing one concert, I need to rest the whole of next day". Legendary percussionist Pudukkottai Dakshinamurthy Pillai would call him "Laya Brahma" for his impeccable grasp of tala and laya. Sangeetha Kalanidhi K. V. Narayanaswamy has also remarked on Chembai's ability to hold notes aligned perfectly to sruti for extended intervals of time.
Disciples
Chembai had many students, including K. J. Yesudas and many noted musicians like Sangeetha Kalanidhi T. V. Gopalakrishnan, P. Leela, and the Jaya-Vijaya twins, Kudumaru Venkataraman, Paramasivan Bhagavathar and others.
Death
Chembai died suddenly on 16 October 1974, aged 78, of a cardiac arrest. Shortly before that, he performed his last concert at Poozhikkunnu Sreekrishna temple in Ottapalam (the venue of his first concert), and concluded the concert with his favourite song "Karuna Cheivan Endu Thamasam Krishna" (Why is there so much delay in conferring your mercy, Krishna?). He was talking to his disciple Olappamanna Vasudevan Namboothiripad when he suddenly collapsed and died. His nephew said he had always spoken about an easy death, and had attained it. He was cremated in his birth village. He was survived by his wife and daughter, both of them who died later. The Govt. Musical College in Palakkad was renamed as 'Chembai Memorial Govt' Musical College' in his memory.
Awards and titles
Chembai received several awards and titles during his career, most notably including:
"Gayana Gandharva" (a title bestowed by Kalki Krishnamurthy in 1940)
Sangeetha Kalanidhi (1951; highest accolade in Carnatic music)
Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1958)
Sangeetha Kalasikhamani (1964; by The Fine Arts Society, Chennai)
Padma Bhushan (1973) – The Padma Bhushan is a national award bestowed by the President of India on select musicians and other eminent people. Chembai was selected to receive the award in 1973 from the then president V. V. Giri.
The Department of Posts, Govt of India released a special issue stamp in Chembai's birth centenary year (1996).
Music festivals
Chembai had been conducting a music festival in his native village from 1924 onwards. This was continued by his family and now by Chembai Sreenivasan and Chembai Suresh (C. A. Subramanian). The concert, called Chembai Ekadasi Music Festival, is held annually in February–March. Chembai also held a music festival on Guruvayur Ekadasi Day (mid-November) at Guruvayur every year. This festival, now called Chembai Sangeetholsavam in his honour, is officially conducted by the Guruvayur Devaswom Board.
Guruvayurappan Chembai Puraskaram
The Sri Guvayurappan Chembai Puraskaram, awarded by Sree Krishna Temple, Guruvayur, is instituted in Chembai's memory of the late Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavathar. This award, comprising a cash prize of INR 50,001, a gold locket of Sree Guruvayurappan, a citation and ponnadai, is usually presented during the annual Chembai Music Festival.
The recipients of the Chembai puraskaram include:
Saxophonist Kadri Gopalnath (2013)
Carnatic musician Trichur V. Ramachandran
Veena maestro A. Ananthapadmanabhan (2011)
Carnatic musician K. G. Jayan (2010)
Carnatic vocalist Parassala Ponnammal (2009)
Mridangam maestro Mavelikkara Velukkutty Nair (2008)
Carnatic vocalist M. Balamuralikrishna (2007)
Violin maestro M. S. Gopalakrishnan (2006)
Carnatic musician and mridangam maestro T V Gopalakrishnan (2005)
See also
Carnatic music
List of Carnatic singers
References
External links
http://chembai.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20060610105948/http://chembaismruthi.org/
https://web.archive.org/web/20070104210611/http://www.cmana.org/cmana/articles/gmcm.htm
accompanied by Chowdiah on the violin and Palghat Mani Iyer on the Mridangam
Male Carnatic singers
Carnatic instrumentalists
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Sangeetha Kalanidhi recipients
1896 births
1974 deaths
People from Palakkad district
Singers from Kerala
20th-century Indian male classical singers |
4017867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Fagr | El Fagr | El Fagr (; also Al Fagr, "The dawn") is an Egyptian independent weekly newspaper, based in Cairo.
History and profile
El Fagr was first published on 3 June 2005. The paper is part of Al-Fagr for Printing and Publishing Inc. The weekly, published on Thursdays, is a sensationalist publication.
Hassan Amr is one of the former editors of the paper. As of 2013 Manal Lashin was the editor-in-chief of the weekly.
In its 21st edition, dated 17 October 2005, El Fagr was the first newspaper worldwide to republish on its front page (one cartoon) and page 17, a total of six cartoons portraying the Islamic prophet Muhammad of twelve cartoons originally published in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten. These twelve cartoons gave rise to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. However, these caricatures received little attention in Egypt and the paper was not banned due to its reprints of the caricatures.
In March 2006 Amira Malsh, a journalist working for El Fagr, was sentenced to a year in prison with hard labor because of libeling a judge in an article published in the paper.
In 2013 the weekly started an award in the memory of Al Husseiny Abu Deif, a journalist who died in December 2012 during clashes among the demonstrators.
On 3 October 2019, Facebook reported that it had removed El Fagr'''s accounts and pages on the Facebook and Instagram platforms due to the news organization conducting "Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior." Facebook alleged that El Fagr had created fake accounts and pages posing as independent news organizations to mislead audiences across the Middle East and North Africa and criticize Iran, Turkey, and Qatar.
On 2 April 2020, Twitter reported that it had removed 2,541 accounts associated with a covert information operation attributed to El Fagr and that El Fagr'' was receiving direction from the Egyptian government.
References
External links
– Reproductions of 17 October 2005 edition
Assyrian International News Agency commentary on the El Fagr republication
2005 establishments in Egypt
Arabic-language newspapers
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
Newspapers published in Cairo
Weekly newspapers published in Egypt
Newspapers established in 2005 |
4017873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preparations%20for%20Hurricane%20Katrina | Preparations for Hurricane Katrina | This article covers the details of the Preparations for Hurricane Katrina, a major category 5 hurricane that devastated parts of New Orleans, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, as well as the Hurricane Pam simulation and NWS forecasts that led to the U.S. government's decision to establish a Bipartisan Congressional Committee to investigate the country's preparedness for and response to Hurricane Katrina.
Preparations by location
South Florida
Many people living in the South Florida area were unaware when Katrina strengthened from a tropical storm to a hurricane in one day and struck southern Florida on August 25, 2005, near the Miami-Dade – Broward county line. However, National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecasts had correctly predicted the strengthening, and hurricane watches and warnings were properly issued nearly 6–8 days, respectively, before hurricane conditions were felt in the area.
Florida Governor Jeb Bush declared a state of emergency on August 24 in advance of Hurricane Katrina's landfall in Florida. Shelters were opened and schools closed in several counties in the southern part of the state. A number of evacuation orders were also issued, mostly voluntary, although a mandatory evacuation was ordered for vulnerable housing in Martin County.
Gulf Coast
On August 27, after Hurricane Katrina crossed southern Florida and strengthened to a Category 3 storm, President George W. Bush declared a state of emergency in Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi two days before the hurricane made landfall.
On August 28, the National Weather Service in Slidell, Louisiana issued a bulletin predicting "devastating" damage rivaling the intensity of Hurricane Camille. Mandatory evacuations were issued for large areas of southeast Louisiana as well as coastal Mississippi and Alabama.
On Sunday, August 28, Canadian National Railway (CN) suspended all rail traffic on its lines south of McComb, Mississippi (lines owned by its subsidiary Illinois Central Railroad that extend into New Orleans), in anticipation of damage from the hurricane. To help ease the resumption of services after the storm passes, CN also issued an embargo with the Association of American Railroads against all deliveries to points south of Osyka, Mississippi. CSX Transportation also suspended service south of Montgomery, Alabama until further notice.
Amtrak, America's rail passenger carrier, announced that the southbound City of New Orleans passenger trains from Chicago, from August 29 through September 3, would terminate in Memphis, Tennessee, rather than their usual destination of New Orleans. The corresponding northbound trains would also originate in Memphis. The southbound Crescent from New York City, for the same period, terminated in Atlanta, with the corresponding northbound trains originating in Atlanta as well. Amtrak's westbound Sunset Limited originated in San Antonio, Texas, rather than its normal origin point of Orlando, Florida. Amtrak announced that no alternate transportation options would be made available into or out of the affected area.
The Waterford nuclear power plant was also shut down on Sunday, August 28, in anticipation of Katrina's arrival.
New Orleans
By August 26, the possibility of unprecedented cataclysm was already being considered. Some computer models were putting the city of New Orleans right in the center of their track probabilities, and the chances of a direct hit were forecast at 17% (with strike probability rising to 29% by August 28). This scenario was considered a potential catastrophe because 80% of the New Orleans metropolitan area is below sea level along Lake Pontchartrain. Since the storm surge produced by the hurricane's right-front quadrant (containing the strongest winds) was more than 20 ft (6 m) near Biloxi, emergency management officials in New Orleans feared that the storm surge could go over the tops of levees protecting the city, causing major flooding. This risk of devastation had been known for some time; previous studies by FEMA and the Army Corps of Engineers had warned that a direct hurricane strike on New Orleans could lead to massive flooding, which would lead to thousands of drowning deaths, as well as many more suffering from disease and dehydration, as the flood waters slowly receded from the city.
At a news conference 10:00 AM on August 28, shortly after Katrina was upgraded to a Category 5 storm, New Orleans mayor Ray Nagin ordered the first ever mandatory evacuation of the city, calling Katrina, "a storm that most of us have long feared" and also saying it was "a once-in-a-lifetime event". To speed up the evacuations, authorities used contraflow lane reversal on Interstate 10 leading west of New Orleans, as well as on Interstate 55 and 59 leading north from the city. The city government also established a "refuge of last resort" for citizens who could not leave the city, at the massive Louisiana Superdome, which housed approximately 26,000 people with food and water for two days as the storm came ashore. The Louisiana National Guard delivered three truckloads of water and seven truckloads of MRE's to the Superdome, "enough to supply 15,000 people for three days" said Colonel Jay Mayeaux, director of the Department of Homeland Security's office for emergency preparedness.
Louisiana's hurricane evacuation plan calls for local governments in areas along and near the coast to call for evacuations in three phases, starting with the immediate coast 50 hours before the start of tropical storm force winds. Persons in areas designated Phase II begin evacuating 40 hours before the onset of tropical storm winds and those in Phase III areas (including New Orleans) evacuate 30 hours before the start of such winds.
However, many parishes were not able to provide sufficient transportation for citizens who did not have private means of evacuation, and many private care-taking facilities who relied on the same bus companies and ambulance services for evacuation were unable to evacuate their charges. Fuel and rental cars were in short supply and many forms of public transportation had been shut down well before the storm arrived. The end result was that hundreds of thousands of residents and tourists were unable to evacuate and remained in the city. Nonetheless, some estimates claimed that 90-92% of the 1.3 million residents of the New Orleans metropolitan region evacuated including 80% of Orleans parish. More than 80,000 people were homeless at the time.
Hurricane Pam simulation
Months before Hurricane Katrina made landfall on New Orleans, a hurricane simulation was created to warn the city of a potential hurricane crisis and its devastating outcomes. The simulation was named Pam, in which a category 3 hurricane's strong winds and flooding caused the levee system of New Orleans to fail and leave the city underwater. Many emergency officials were stunned by the lack of response to Hurricane Pam's simulation, expressing their concerns that if a disaster like this did occur, the effects would be catastrophic.
It was indeed confirmed that Pam's disaster plan was seen by FEMA and Louisiana state officials, to no avail. Under Hurricane Pam's disaster plan, it was decided that preparations for the hurricane should have been happening for three days prior to the hurricane's arrival on land. In New Orleans, a mandatory evacuation was not ordered by the city until approximately 20 hours before Hurricane Katrina made landfall. On top of this, it was important that officials representing FEMA had critical resources ready to go before the storm hit the city, which they failed to do so. While it is true that the authorities of the city and state government were mainly in charge of moving people to safety, Hurricane Pam's disaster plan noted that there was a scarcity of resources in support shelters for the state of Louisiana.
Shortly thereafter the effects of Hurricane Katrina were evident, President Bush made it clear that he wanted there to be an investigation regarding the government's preparedness for and response to Hurricane Katrina.
National Weather Center Forecast and Warning Services
The National Weather Center's (NWS) services are provided collaboratively with several different offices that specialize in certain areas regarding the weather. Some of these offices include the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and the Hydro-meteorological Prediction Center (HPC). The NHC is a component for the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, and the HPC is a provider of weather forecasts and analyses that support the NWS.
Along with this, the HPC supplies the NHC with precipitation statements. After what is considered a tropical storm progresses inward on land and the NHS terminates any alerts they put out, the HPC then accepts the authority of watching over the system. The two offices work hand in hand with one another to ensure the most accurate information is released to the public.
The storm that became Hurricane Katrina was recognized by both the NHC and HPC on August 22. After waiting a few days to monitor development, the HPC started formulating precipitation statements for Hurricane Katrina on August 24. on August 30, the HPC accepted responsibility for the release of warnings regarding Katrina. On August 31, the hurricane system was consumed by a system near the Great Lakes of the east, so the HPC terminated their advisories for Katrina.
The NHC and HPC are essential to one another, especially in that the HPC routinely executes service backup for the NHC. An example of this is when the HPC conducted a respective amount of drills for service backup in the summer months leading up to Katrina. During Hurricane Katrina's landfall, the NHC's implementation and execution of policies was seen as excellent by many government emergency officials. Throughout the tracking of Hurricane Katrina, the NHC's forecasts were very consistent and provided strong evidence for the intensity and power of the storm. Not only were the forecasts made by the NHC accurate, but they were also timely, which allowed for workforce management operation members to in turn provide accurate information to their counterparts. As well as the accuracy and timeliness of the NHC's forecast, it was precisely expected that Hurricane Katrina would be a massive hurricane that caused detrimental effects to the northern Gulf coast.
What seemed shocking to many after Hurricane Katrina had passed was the government failing to do much about the forecasts released by the NHC. It seemed clear to many what the potential effects of Katrina could amount to, yet the storm was not treated how it should have been.
Congressional Committee Establishment
On September 15, 2005, it was announced that a Bipartisan Congressional Committee had been established to investigate the United States government's preparations for and responses to Hurricane Katrina. This decision was preceded by many different positions of members of the House of Representatives, which are outlined below.
Arguments for the Establishment of a Congressional Committee
Honorable David Dreier was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1980. He was a Republican Representative from California, and served as the House Rules Committee's Chairman. The following information is regarding the House of Representatives' debate and more specifically, Honorable Dreier's viewpoint on whether to establish a Bipartisan Congressional Committee to investigate the U.S. government's preparations for Hurricane Katrina.
Honorable Dreier agreed with President Bush when he claimed that there were many undesirable characteristics of the government's initial response to Hurricane Katrina. In his debate to the House of Representatives, Honorable Dreier expressed that the Federal Emergency Management System's (FEMA) department head had resigned after the events of Hurricane Katrina. He stated that from what happened during the disaster, there were certainly lessons to be taken away. He called for action from his fellow representatives that there must be an acceptance of the Executive Branch's powers to investigate what went wrong in the response to Hurricane Katrina. In his strong declaration to the House of Representatives, Honorable Dreier made it very clear that a Bipartisan Congressional Committee was necessary in order to follow the nation's precedents and traditions.
As well as this, many delegates viewed an independent commission to be a ridiculous idea and redundant of sorts. They believe that Americans wanted immediate solutions to the hurdles they were being faced with as a result of the lack of preparation for Hurricane Katrina.
Arguments Against the Establishment of a Congressional Committee
In 1993, Honorable Bennie Thompson was elected to the United States House of Representatives. He was a Democratic Representative from Mississippi, and served as the Mayor of Bolton from the years 1973 to 1979. He also serves as the Homeland Security Committee's Ranking Minority Member. Below is information regarding Honorable Thompson's viewpoint on whether to establish a Bipartisan Congressional Committee during the debate of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Honorable Thompson's opposition began with his perspective that it is not necessary for a Congressional Committee to be entrusted with the investigation. He compared Congress being permitted to investigate the government's preparedness to a fox guarding a hen house, in which he stated that the government is not safeguarding what needs to be safeguarded. He strongly believed that instead of establishing a Congressional Committee, there should be an independent assessment of where the government went wrong. As the Ranking Minority Member of the Homeland Security Committee, he submitted a document outlining the complexity of the problems regarding what happened during Hurricane Katrina and the need for an independent assessment.
As well as Honorable Bennie Thompson, many other delegates of the U.S. House of Representatives were not shy in sharing their viewpoints as to why there should not have been a Congressional Committee Established. They gave their perspectives on a variety of issues why a Congressional Committee was an inadequate idea. Many members of the Democratic party were not keen about establishing this Congressional Committee, as it would have been composed of mainly Republican delegates. The Democrats involved in voicing their opinions did not want the power to be only in the hands of the Republicans, and therefore, voted in opposition of the establishment.
References
Karina Preparations |
4017877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five%20Elite%20Generals | Five Elite Generals | The Five Elite Generals refer to five military generals serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. They later served in the state of Cao Wei, founded by Cao Cao's son and successor Cao Pi, during the Three Kingdoms period. The five were Yu Jin, Zhang He, Yue Jin, Zhang Liao and Xu Huang.
The biographies of the five generals are found in the historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) written by Chen Shou in the third century. After writing the biographies, Chen Shou commented: "Throughout Cao Cao's military exploits, these five were the crème de la crème of the best generals of that era."
Chen Shou then appraised Yu Jin, Zhang He and Yue Jin as follows:
"Yu Jin was persistent and steady but he did not remain firm until the end."
"Zhang He was famous for his ability to adapt well to changes in the situations he faced."
"Yue Jin made his name due to his bravery but his deeds are not supported by other historical sources. It could be due to lapses in documentation, which is why (information on Yue Jin) is not as complete as compared to that on Zhang Liao and Xu Huang.
See also
Five Tiger Generals
Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
References
Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
Cao Wei generals |
4017878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda%20Betham-Edwards | Matilda Betham-Edwards | Matilda Betham-Edwards (4 March 1836, in Westerfield, Ipswich – 4 January 1919, in Hastings) was an English novelist, travel writer and Francophile, and a prolific poet, who corresponded with several well-known English male poets of the day. In addition, she wrote a number of children's books.
Biography
Betham-Edwards was the fourth daughter of a farmer, Edward Edwards (c. 1808–1864) and his wife Barbara (1806–1848), daughter of William Betham (1749–1839), an antiquary and cleric. She was educated in Ipswich and as a governess-pupil at a school in London.
Her first novel, The White House by the Sea (1857) was an immediate success, reprinted several times, pirated in the United States, and in print for forty years. Matilda studied French and German abroad and then settled with her sister in Suffolk to manage the farm which had belonged to her father. Not content, however, with purely rural occupations, she contributed from time to time to Household Words, having the advantage at this time of the friendship of Charles Dickens and an early association with Charles and Mary Lamb, friends of her mother.
On her sister's death, she moved to London and wrote a number of novels of French life based on her frequent visits to France and her intimate knowledge of provincial French homes, as well as children's books, and non-fiction books about France. She was published by George and Richard Bentley. She stayed in Algeria with the feminist educationalist Barbara Bodichon and visited France and Spain with her.
Of Huguenot descent, she considered France her second native land and made it her mission to bring about better understanding and sympathy between the two countries which shared her allegiance. In this way, she did much to promote a better understanding between English and French people. The French government made her an Officier de l’Instruction Publique de France in recognition of her untiring efforts towards the establishment of a genuine and lasting entente cordiale. She was awarded a medal at the Franco-British Exhibition (1908).
Betham-Edwards is often cited in anthologies of lesbian poetry, but there is no strong evidence that she had lesbian tendencies. She died in Hastings, Sussex in 1919. Professor Joan Rees has written the only biography of Matilda Betham-Edwards, in 2006 (see below).
Works by Matilda Betham-Edwards
See also
Mary Matilda Betham
List of English novelists
English literature
References
External links
Biography of Matilda Betham Edwards by Professor Joan Rees
1836 births
1919 deaths
English women poets
British women travel writers
English women novelists
English travel writers
English women non-fiction writers |
4017885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20Acre%20Castle%20and%20town%20walls | Castle Acre Castle and town walls | Castle Acre Castle and town walls are a set of ruined medieval defences built in the village of Castle Acre, Norfolk. The castle was built soon after the Norman Conquest by William de Warenne, the Earl of Surrey, at the intersection of the River Nar and the Peddars Way. William constructed a motte-and-bailey castle during the 1070s, protected by large earthwork ramparts, with a large country house in the centre of the motte. Soon after, a small community of Cluniac monks were given the castle's chapel in the outer bailey; under William, the second earl, the order was given land and estates to establish Castle Acre Priory alongside the castle. A deer park was created nearby for hunting.
After civil war broke out in England in 1135, the third earl, also called William, set about improving the defences of the castle. He began to build a tall keep on top of the motte, reinforcing the surrounding earthworks with stone walls. A planned settlement was established alongside the castle, surrounded by its own earthworks and walls, and the Peddars Way was redirected to pass by the castle, town and priory, all important symbols of the de Warennes' power in the region. Hamelin de Warenne acquired the castle through marriage and curtailed the building work on the keep around 1165, but completed the construction of three large stone gatehouses in the castle and town. One of these, the town's bailey gate, still survives intact.
The de Warennes continued to hold the castle until 1347, when it was inherited by Richard Fitzalan, the Earl of Arundel. By 1397 the fortifications were in ruins and, despite restoration work by Sir Edward Coke at the start of the 17th century, the decline continued until the 20th century. In 1971, Thomas Coke, the Earl of Leicester, placed the castle into the guardianship of the state. In the 21st century, it is managed by English Heritage and open to visitors. Historic England consider the castle's huge defensive earthworks to be "among the finest surviving in England".
History
11th century
Castle Acre Castle was built by William de Warenne, the Earl of Surrey, in the manor of Acre during the 1070s. William was a Norman lord who had accompanied William the Conqueror in the conquest of England in 1066; he was rewarded with extensive estates across England. Acre was already an Anglo-Saxon estate centre and at the time of the invasion was owned by a wealthy man called Toki, but he was quickly replaced by Frederick, a Flemish lord and William's brother-in-law. When Frederick died around 1070, William acquired control of the manor, which formed part of his massive land holdings across the region.
The castle was strategically located where the River Nar met the Peddars Way, an old Roman road, at the centre of Warenne's other estates in Norfolk, and may have been built on top of Toki's former house. The castle had a motte-and-bailey design: its large outer and inner baileys were protected by earthworks and palisades, and a stone gatehouse was added to the inner bailey shortly afterwards. In the centre of the inner bailey was a grand double-hall built from stone, but this was not fortified and would have been more like a country house than a conventional Norman keep.
William gave St Mary's, the former parish church which was now surrounded by the castle's outer bailey, to the Cluniac order of monks, along with of farmland. By 1088 a handful of monks had arrived from Lewes, where William had also founded a Cluniac community, to settle at the castle. William's son, the second Earl William de Warrene, gave the monks a more spacious area of land to the west of the castle, probably in 1090, where they built Castle Acre Priory; the construction took a long time, and the priory was not fully completed until the 1160s. Monastic sites like the priory would have given their founders, and their associated castles, considerable prestige. A deer park was constructed near Castle Acre, with farmed rabbit warrens established around its edges.
12th century
Robert Curthose, the Duke of Normandy, invaded England in 1101 with the backing of many of the barons, but was persuaded to halt his campaign and return to Normandy after King Henry I bought him off with a substantial annuity. William de Warrenne had backed the duke during his campaign, however, and now found himself politically exposed. He was exiled and disseised of his English estates, including Castle Acre, until in 1103 the duke was able to persuade Henry to permit William to return and reclaim his lands.
After 1135, a civil war known as the Anarchy broke out between the supporters of King Stephen and the Empress Matilda. William supported Stephen, as did his son, the third Earl William de Warenne, when he inherited the earldom in 1138. There was fighting across much of the country, although less so in Norfolk, but William also faced challenges to his preeminence in the region from the growing power of the d'Albinis and de Vere families. In response, William remodelled Castle Acre Castle. Around 1140, the earthworks were raised considerably and the double-hall was first strengthened, and then began to be converted into a very tall, square keep. The timber ramparts of the inner bailey were replaced with a stone wall, and the height of the earthworks around the outer bailey were raised and topped with a stone wall.
A fortified, planned settlement was built alongside the castle around this time. The small community was not quite a proper town and was effectively dependent on the castle; such settlements are sometimes called burgus settlements or "castle-gate" towns. The historians Oliver Creighton and Robert Higham suggest the settlement's earthwork defences and stone walls resemble an "enormous outer bailey" of the castle, rather a more conventional set of town walls. The walled settlement would have formed an important symbol of William's lordship.
As part of these works, the Peddars Way was redirected. It had previously run straight across the de Warenne estates, but it was now diverted so that travellers coming from the south had to leave the main road, progress west around the priory and the castle fishpond, before reaching the southern end of the walled town and the route to the north. If they intended to enter the castle, they would have needed to enter through the town's western gate, then the castle's gatehouse, before probably passing through a ceremonial sequence of rooms in order to finally meet the lord. The route was designed to highlight the important symbols of the de Warenne lordship of the region and provide a dramatic view of the castle, and may have been a response to the political uncertainties of the Anarchy years.
William died in 1148 while taking part in the Second Crusade, leaving the castle and lands to his daughter, Isabel de Warenne, who was then married to King Stephen's son, William of Bois. In 1153, however, Stephen faced a military stalemate in the civil war and agreed that Matilda's son, the future Henry II, should inherit the throne on his death, rather than William of Bois. Henry assumed power the next year and took control of various castles across England, including Castle Acre. Henry then married Isabel to his illegitimate brother, Hamelin de Warenne, in 1164, who acquired the castle along with the other de Warrenne lands. Hamelin changed the plan for the castle: the original ambition for the height of the keep was reduced and the southern half of the building was demolished. It is unclear if even this less ambitious building was ever completed. Hamelin also probably built the two gatehouses in the town, and the western gatehouse in the castle's outer bailey.
13th-14th centuries
The castle and settlement continued to be mostly held by the de Warennes until 1347. The castle was frequented by royalty, Henry III visiting the castle at least four times, and Edward I visiting five times. The seventh earl, John de Warenne, married Joan, the niece of Edward II, but the marriage failed and instead he chose to live with his mistress Maud Nereford. This situation led to threats of excommunication. In 1316, John therefore gave Castle Acre to Aymer de Valence, the Earl of Pembroke and England's Ambassador to Rome, probably to encourage him to present a petition to the Pope to annul the marriage the following year. John later reacquired the castle, but he died in 1347 with no legitimate heirs.
Richard Fitzalan, the Earl of Arundel, inherited the estate but by 1397 the castle was in ruins. The surrounding settlement remained small and never became a borough, although the priory prospered.
15th-21st centuries
After 1537, Thomas Howard, the Duke of Norfolk, leased the ruins of the castle and the adjacent priory, which had been closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. His grandson, Thomas Howard, sold the properties to the financier Sir Thomas Gresham in 1558, and in turn they were purchased by first Thomas Cecil, the Earl of Exeter, and then in 1615 to Sir Edward Coke, a prominent lawyer. Edward, who was interested in history and possibly keen to reinforce his own credentials as a new entrant to the English elite, carried out repairs to the castle at a cost of £60.
The castle was passed down within Coke's family, who became the earls of Leicester. Over the years the walls were robbed of their stone and the site used for grazing animals; the antiquarian Henry Harrod noted in 1857 that "every house in the neighbourhood has some of the stone-work of the castle...in its walls". With the closure of the priory and the abandonment of the castle, the prosperity of the settlement of Castle Acre also declined. Antiquarian interest in the sites grew from the 18th century onward, and archaeological investigations took place in the 1850s and 1930s, but visitors were mostly more interested in the ruins of the priory than those of the castle.
In 1971, Thomas Coke, the fifth Earl of Leicester, placed the castle into the guardianship of the state. Major archaeological excavations were carried out between 1972 and 1983, focusing on the inner bailey. In the 21st century, the castle and the bailey gate are managed by English Heritage and open to visitors. The castle and the settlement defences are protected under UK law as a scheduled ancient monument, and the bailey gate is further protected as a Grade I listed building.
Architecture
Castle Acre Castle comprises three main earthworks: a motte and inner bailey to the north, an outer bailey to the south, and a barbican to the north-east. The medieval settlement of Castle Acre was linked to the western edge of the castle, and enclosed by its own circuit of earthwork defences and walls. Historic England consider the castle's huge defensive earthworks to be "among the finest surviving in England"
The castle's large outer bailey is rectangular in shape, covering , surrounded by earth banks and, on the east and west, deep ditches. Fragments of its 12th-century stone walls survive in places. The main entrance to the castle came from the town through the north-west corner of the outer bailey; this was defended by a stone gatehouse and a portcullis, of which only the foundations now survive. Two other gates from the bailey led north-east into the barbican, and south down to the River Nar. The outer bailey would have contained a hall, kitchen, accommodation and a chapel, although only traces of these can now be seen on the surface. The route into the earthwork barbican was guarded by a gateway and a bridge. The barbican was designed to protect the castle's exposed north-eastern flank and had its own entrance from the eastern side.
The inner bailey is reached by a bridge, which was originally made from wood, later rebuilt in stone, before replaced by the current steel version in the 20th century. The inner bailey comprises a roughly circular earthwork, up to high, topped by the remains of a stone curtain wall and protected by ditches, now about deep. The earthworks form a raised motte, although they combine features of a circular ringwork. The ruins of the 12th-century keep and the foundations of the 11th-century house, constructed from chalk rubble, remain visible and are surrounded by much of the rampart wall, made from chalk rubble and flint.
The planned settlement of Castle Acre was in size, covering . There are well-preserved ramparts along the west and south side, known as Dyke Hills, the surviving ditch being around wide and deep, and the bank high. The bailey gatehouse was built from flint stone and defended with two drum towers and a portcullis. It survives largely intact, although is roofless. Parts of the settlement's stone wall survive alongside the bailey gatehouse, and along the southern ramparts.
See also
Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
List of castles in England
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
English Heritage visitors' page
Grade I listed buildings in Norfolk
Castles in Norfolk
English Heritage sites in Norfolk
Scheduled monuments in Norfolk
Archaeology of Norfolk |
4017902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal%20gamma%20function | Reciprocal gamma function | In mathematics, the reciprocal gamma function is the function
where denotes the gamma function. Since the gamma function is meromorphic and nonzero everywhere in the complex plane, its reciprocal is an entire function. As an entire function, it is of order 1 (meaning that grows no faster than ), but of infinite type (meaning that grows faster than any multiple of , since its growth is approximately proportional to in the left-hand plane).
The reciprocal is sometimes used as a starting point for numerical computation of the gamma function, and a few software libraries provide it separately from the regular gamma function.
Karl Weierstrass called the reciprocal gamma function the "factorielle" and used it in his development of the Weierstrass factorization theorem.
Infinite product expansion
Following from the infinite product definitions for the gamma function, due to Euler and Weierstrass respectively, we get the following infinite product expansion for the reciprocal gamma function:
where is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. These expansions are valid for all complex numbers .
Taylor series
Taylor series expansion around 0 gives:
where is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. For , the coefficient for the term can be computed recursively as
where is the Riemann zeta function. An integral representation for these coefficients was recently found by Fekih-Ahmed (2014):
For small values, these give the following values:
Fekih-Ahmed (2014) also gives an approximation for :
where and is the minus-first branch of the Lambert W function.
The Taylor expansion around 1 has the same (but shifted) coefficients, i.e.:
(the reciprocal of Gauss' pi-function).
Asymptotic expansion
As goes to infinity at a constant we have:
Contour integral representation
An integral representation due to Hermann Hankel is
where is the Hankel contour, that is, the path encircling 0 in the positive direction, beginning at and returning to positive infinity with respect for the branch cut along the positive real axis. According to Schmelzer & Trefethen, numerical evaluation of Hankel's integral is the basis of some of the best methods for computing the gamma function.
Integral representations at the positive integers
For positive integers , there is an integral for the reciprocal factorial function given by
Similarly, for any real and we have the next integral for the reciprocal gamma function along the real axis in the form of :
where the particular case when provides a corresponding relation for the reciprocal double factorial function,
Integral along the real axis
Integration of the reciprocal gamma function along the positive real axis gives the value
which is known as the Fransén–Robinson constant.
See also
Bessel–Clifford function
Inverse-gamma distribution
References
Mette Lund, An integral for the reciprocal Gamma function
Milton Abramowitz & Irene A. Stegun, Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables
Eric W. Weisstein, Gamma Function, MathWorld
Gamma and related functions
Analytic functions |
4017906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belmont%2C%20Dallas | Belmont, Dallas | Belmont is a neighborhood in East Dallas, Texas founded by Dallas pioneer and civic leader, Colonel Henry Exall. On May 1, 1890 Mr. Exall submitted the Belmont Plat Map to the City of Dallas. Belmont consisted of a 160-acre parcel from the original Allen Beard survey and a 10-acre parcel from the original Robert Ray Survey. The Belmont neighborhood is located near Lower Greenville. The neighborhood's boundaries are Greenville Avenue to the West, Skillman Avenue to the East. The North border is the center of LLano Ave. The South border is the center of Prospect Ave in the 5700 and 5800 blocks. It then turns South down the center of Delmar Ave to the center of Oram Ave and continues East down the Center of Oram to Skillman.
Early history
Colonel Exall planned to make Belmont the most attractive residential portion of Dallas. His plans included five-ft wide sidewalks, Macadamized streets, terraced lots. a Deed restrictions required all new homes to cost of at least $2,000 at the time of construction. Utilities and an artesian water well were also planned to run to each lot. However, when the panic of 1893 gripped the nation; the underdeveloped Belmont was sold at the Dallas County Courthouse on May 1, 1894, at 4 PM. The highest bidder was Adolphus Busch of St. Louis, MO. He paid $20,000 for the remaining lots. Mr. Busch had originally financed Exall for the Belmont purchase.
The lots sat vacant for more that 17 years and they became overgrown with native Bois d’Arc trees, sunflowers, and weeds. On June 23, 1911, Mr. Busch's son, and heir, August Anheuser Busch, sold and financed 478 of the original 624 lots in Belmont to the Belmont Land Company. Ben T. Seay, a Belmont Addition property owner along with Rhodes S. Baker and Jeff D. Robinson, founded The Belmont Land Company just days before they purchased the land in 1911. The Belmont Land Company launched and aggressive and creative advertising campaign that put Belmont back on the map.
Architecture
Although a few of the original two-story homes and bungalows remain, the neighborhood has preserved most of its original charm and architectural styles. A combination of new and older homes in the Craftsman, Prairie, Colonial Revival, Tudors as well as other early 20th century architectural style homes, along with its mature trees and easygoing lifestyle, give this neighborhood a sense of place and time.
Belmont Conservation District
In 2004, the Belmont Conservation District was formed, through the passage of a Dallas City Ordinance, with the intent of preserving the unique character of the neighborhood.
References
Neighborhoods in East Dallas |
4017936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyinka | Ilyinka | Ilyinka () is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Modern localities
Altai Krai
As of 2012, two rural localities in Altai Krai bear this name:
Ilyinka, Shelabolikhinsky District, Altai Krai, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Shelabolikhinsky District;
Ilyinka, Shipunovsky District, Altai Krai, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Shipunovsky District;
Altai Republic
As of 2012, one rural locality in the Altai Republic bears this name:
Ilyinka, Altai Republic, a selo in Ilyinskoye Rural Settlement of Shebalinsky District;
Astrakhan Oblast
As of 2012, two inhabited localities in Astrakhan Oblast bear this name:
Urban localities
Ilyinka, Ikryaninsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, a work settlement in Ikryaninsky District;
Rural localities
Ilyinka, Volodarsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, a selo in Bolshemogoysky Selsoviet of Volodarsky District;
Republic of Bashkortostan
As of 2012, two rural localities in the Republic of Bashkortostan bear this name:
Ilyinka, Blagovarsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Blagovarsky Selsoviet of Blagovarsky District;
Ilyinka, Uchalinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Mansurovsky Selsoviet of Uchalinsky District
Belgorod Oblast
As of 2012, two rural localities in Belgorod Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast, a selo in Alexeyevsky District
Ilyinka, Gubkinsky District, Belgorod Oblast, a khutor in Gubkinsky District
Bryansk Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Bryansk Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Bryansk Oblast, a settlement in Degtyarevsky Rural Administrative Okrug of Surazhsky District;
Republic of Buryatia
As of 2012, one rural locality in the Republic of Buryatia bears this name:
Ilyinka, Republic of Buryatia, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Pribaykalsky District
Chelyabinsk Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Chelyabinsk Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a settlement in Granitny Selsoviet of Kizilsky District
Chuvash Republic
As of 2012, one rural locality in the Chuvash Republic bears this name:
Ilyinka, Chuvash Republic, a selo in Ilyinskoye Rural Settlement of Morgaushsky District
Republic of Crimea
As of 2012, two rural localities in Republic of Crimea bear this name:
Ilyinka, Krasnoperekopsky District, Republic of Crimea, a selo in Krasnoperekopsky District
Ilyinka, Saksky District, Republic of Crimea, a selo in Saksky District
Kaluga Oblast
As of 2012, six rural localities in Kaluga Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Kaluga, Kaluga Oblast, a village under the administrative jurisdiction of the City of Kaluga
Ilyinka, Khvastovichsky District, Kaluga Oblast, a selo in Khvastovichsky District
Ilyinka (Peredel Rural Settlement), Medynsky District, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Medynsky District; municipally, a part of Peredel Rural Settlement of that district
Ilyinka (Kremenskoye Rural Settlement), Medynsky District, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Medynsky District; municipally, a part of Kremenskoye Rural Settlement of that district
Ilyinka, Meshchovsky District, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Meshchovsky District
Ilyinka, Peremyshlsky District, Kaluga Oblast, a selo in Peremyshlsky District
Kemerovo Oblast
As of 2012, two rural localities in Kemerovo Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Mezhdurechensky District, Kemerovo Oblast, a settlement in Mezhdurechensky District;
Ilyinka, Novokuznetsky District, Kemerovo Oblast, a selo in Ilyinskaya Rural Territory of Novokuznetsky District;
Khabarovsk Krai
As of 2012, one rural locality in Khabarovsk Krai bears this name:
Ilyinka, Khabarovsk Krai, a selo in Khabarovsky District
Kirov Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Kirov Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Kirov Oblast, a village in Shkalansky Rural Okrug of Yaransky District;
Kostroma Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Kostroma Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Kostroma Oblast, a village in Georgiyevskoye Settlement of Mezhevskoy District;
Krasnoyarsk Krai
As of 2012, seven rural localities in Krasnoyarsk Krai bear this name:
Ilyinka, Achinsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Malinovsky Selsoviet of Achinsky District
Ilyinka, Bogotolsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Vaginsky Selsoviet of Bogotolsky District
Ilyinka, Kuraginsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Shalobolinsky Selsoviet of Kuraginsky District
Ilyinka, Nazarovsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a selo in Preobrazhensky Selsoviet of Nazarovsky District
Ilyinka, Alexandrovsky Selsoviet, Nizhneingashsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Alexandrovsky Selsoviet of Nizhneingashsky District
Ilyinka, Stretensky Selsoviet, Nizhneingashsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Stretensky Selsoviet of Nizhneingashsky District
Ilyinka, Uzhursky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Uzhursky District
Kurgan Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Kurgan Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Kurgan Oblast, a village under the administrative jurisdiction of the urban-type settlement under district jurisdiction of Yurgamysh in Yurgamyshsky District;
Kursk Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Kursk Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Kursk Oblast, a selo in Donsemitsky Selsoviet of Pristensky District
Lipetsk Oblast
As of 2012, six rural localities in Lipetsk Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Dankovsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, a village in Speshnevo-Ivanovsky Selsoviet of Dankovsky District;
Ilyinka, Dolgorukovsky Selsoviet, Dolgorukovsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, a village in Dolgorukovsky Selsoviet of Dolgorukovsky District;
Ilyinka, Svishensky Selsoviet, Dolgorukovsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, a village in Svishensky Selsoviet of Dolgorukovsky District;
Ilyinka, Krasninsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, a village in Krasninsky Selsoviet of Krasninsky District;
Ilyinka, Lev-Tolstovsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, a selo in Novochemodanovsky Selsoviet of Lev-Tolstovsky District;
Ilyinka, Yeletsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, a village in Maloboyevsky Selsoviet of Yeletsky District;
Mari El Republic
As of 2012, two rural localities in the Mari El Republic bear this name:
Ilyinka, Markovsky Rural Okrug, Orshansky District, Mari El Republic, a village in Markovsky Rural Okrug of Orshansky District;
Ilyinka, Velikopolsky Rural Okrug, Orshansky District, Mari El Republic, a settlement in Velikopolsky Rural Okrug of Orshansky District;
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
As of 2012, four rural localities in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Chkalovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Purekhovsky Selsoviet of Chkalovsky District;
Ilyinka, Sechenovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a selo in Boltinsky Selsoviet of Sechenovsky District;
Ilyinka (settlement), Sokolsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a settlement in Volzhsky Selsoviet of Sokolsky District;
Ilyinka (village), Sokolsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Volzhsky Selsoviet of Sokolsky District;
Novosibirsk Oblast
As of 2012, three rural localities in Novosibirsk Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Dovolensky District, Novosibirsk Oblast, a selo in Dovolensky District;
Ilyinka, Kuybyshevsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast, a settlement in Kuybyshevsky District;
Ilyinka, Vengerovsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast, a village in Vengerovsky District;
Omsk Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Omsk Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Omsk Oblast, a village in Nikolsky Rural Okrug of Tyukalinsky District;
Orenburg Oblast
As of 2012, two rural localities in Orenburg Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Kuvandyksky District, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Kuvandyksky District
Ilyinka, Oktyabrsky District, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Oktyabrsky District
Oryol Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Oryol Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Oryol Oblast, a village in Vasilyevsky Selsoviet of Verkhovsky District;
Primorsky Krai
As of 2012, two rural localities in Khankaysky District of Primorsky Krai bear this name:
Ilyinka (railway station), a railway station
Ilyinka (selo), a selo
Rostov Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Rostov Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Rostov Oblast, a khutor in Ilyinskoye Rural Settlement of Belokalitvinsky District;
Ryazan Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Ryazan Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Ryazan Oblast, a selo in Ilyinsky Rural Okrug of Skopinsky District
Samara Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Samara Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Samara Oblast, a settlement in Krasnoyarsky District
Saratov Oblast
As of 2012, three rural localities in Saratov Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Dergachyovsky District, Saratov Oblast, a settlement in Dergachyovsky District
Ilyinka, Krasnokutsky District, Saratov Oblast, a selo in Krasnokutsky District
Ilyinka, Turkovsky District, Saratov Oblast, a selo in Turkovsky District
Smolensk Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Smolensk Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Snegirevskoye Rural Settlement of Shumyachsky District
Tambov Oblast
As of 2012, two rural localities in Tambov Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Umyotsky District, Tambov Oblast, a village in Sergiyevsky Selsoviet of Umyotsky District
Ilyinka, Znamensky District, Tambov Oblast, a village in Pokrovo-Marfinsky Selsoviet of Znamensky District
Republic of Tatarstan
As of 2012, one rural locality in the Republic of Tatarstan bears this name:
Ilyinka, Republic of Tatarstan, a village under the administrative jurisdiction of the city of republic significance of Nizhnekamsk
Tula Oblast
As of 2012, five rural localities in Tula Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Arsenyevsky District, Tula Oblast, a village in Bobrovsky Rural Okrug of Arsenyevsky District
Ilyinka, Chernsky District, Tula Oblast, a village in Bolsheskuratovskaya Rural Administration of Chernsky District
Ilyinka, Leninsky District, Tula Oblast, a settlement in Ilyinsky Rural Okrug of Leninsky District
Ilyinka, Uzlovsky District, Tula Oblast, a selo in Akimo-Ilyinskaya Rural Administration of Uzlovsky District
Ilyinka, Venyovsky District, Tula Oblast, a village in Mordvessky Rural Okrug of Venyovsky District
Tuva Republic
As of 2012, one rural locality in the Tuva Republic bears this name:
Ilyinka, Tuva Republic, a selo in Ilyinka Sumon (Rural Settlement) of Kaa-Khemsky District
Tver Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Tver Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Tver Oblast, a village in Kiverichi Rural Settlement of Rameshkovsky District
Tyumen Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Tyumen Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Tyumen Oblast, a selo in Ilyinsky Rural Okrug of Kazansky District
Voronezh Oblast
As of 2012, two rural localities in Voronezh Oblast bear this name:
Ilyinka, Kalacheyevsky District, Voronezh Oblast, a selo in Podgorenskoye Rural Settlement of Kalacheyevsky District
Ilyinka, Talovsky District, Voronezh Oblast, a settlement in Kazanskoye Rural Settlement of Talovsky District
Yaroslavl Oblast
As of 2012, one rural locality in Yaroslavl Oblast bears this name:
Ilyinka, Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Ryazantsevsky Rural Okrug of Pereslavsky District
Zabaykalsky Krai
As of 2012, one rural locality in Zabaykalsky Krai bears this name:
Ilyinka, Zabaykalsky Krai, a selo in Chitinsky District
Alternative names
Ilyinka, alternative name of Ilyinki, a village in Lozovskoye Rural Settlement of Sergiyevo-Posadsky District in Moscow Oblast;
Ilyinka, alternative name of Ilyinskoye, a selo in Ilyinsky Rural Okrug of Kushchyovsky District in Krasnodar Krai;
Ilyinka, alternative name of Ilyinskoye, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Kataysky District in Kurgan Oblast;
Ilyinka, alternative name of Nizhnyaya Ilyinka, a village in Krasnoyarsky Rural Okrug of Omsky District in Omsk Oblast;
Ilyinka, alternative name of Zelenaya, a village in Talbakulsky Rural Okrug of Kolosovsky District in Omsk Oblast;
See also
Ilya (disambiguation)
Ilyin
Ilyino
Ilyinsky (inhabited locality)
Notes |
4017937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengdu%20Sport%20University | Chengdu Sport University | Chengdu Sport University () is a sports university in the southwest of the downtown district of Chengdu, Sichuan Province.
The university is administered by the national State General Administration of Sports and the Sichuan provincial government.
The Hang Kong Gang Campus is about from Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport.
Chengdu Sport University was founded in 1942. In 1953, the fully-established system was transformed into the Southwest Institute of Sports. In 1956, it was changed to Chengdu Sports University.
It is the most famous kinesiology university in Southwest China, as well as one of the top five of the kind. It has a reputation from sports, such as gymnastics, martial art and weightlifting, and is recognized as an established authority in sports medicine and the application of T.C.M. in prevention, therapy and recovery of sports injuries and fatigue.
History
The university was formerly the Chengdu Institute of Physical Education in English. The Chinese name was and is 成都体育学院.
It has a history of more than 60 years. The university is adjacent to Wuhou Shrine.
In 2002, it was the first college in China to establish a Sports-Oriented English Department, aiming to support the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008 by providing translators and interpreters. For its contributions to the national sports undertakings, it was ranked as one of top three sports universities in China in 2006.
Alumni
James Li, athletics coach at the University of Arizona
References
External links
www.cdsu.edu.cn Chengdu Sport University
Chengdu Sport University
Universities and colleges in Chengdu
Sports universities and colleges in China |
4017961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20River%20War | The River War | The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan (1899), by Winston Churchill. It is a history of the conquest of the Sudan between 1896 and 1899 by Anglo-Egyptian forces led by Lord Kitchener. He defeated the Sudanese Dervish forces, led by Khalifa Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, heir to the self-proclaimed Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad who had vowed to conquer Egypt and drive out the Ottomans. The first, two volume, edition includes accounts of Churchill's own experiences as a British Army officer during the war, and his views on its conduct.
The River War was Churchill's second published book after The Story of the Malakand Field Force, and originally filled two volumes with over 1,000 pages in 1899. The River War was subsequently abridged to one volume in 1902.
Background
Aware that there was a war in Sudan, Churchill was determined to be part of it. He was not alone in this, because in a time generally of peace, many British Army officers wanted experience of battle to further their careers. In Churchill's case, he did not see his career as lying with the army, but had already started writing about wars and wanted a new campaign to write about. He first attempted to obtain a transfer from his regiment stationed in India to the 21st Lancers, which was the unit taking part in the war. This was granted by the War Office, but rejected by the commander of the British force in Sudan, General Kitchener. Churchill next took leave to Britain, where he enlisted friends and family to lobby Kitchener to permit him to take part. This continued to be unsuccessful, even when the prime minister Lord Salisbury made an inquiry on his behalf. Eventually, however, he prevailed upon Sir Evelyn Wood, Adjutant General of the Horse Guards, who had authority over appointments to the regiment in England, and he received an attachment to the Lancers in place of an officer who had died, on 24 July 1898. On 5 August he was in Luxor and on 24 August the regiment set out from Atbara to attack the Mahdist forces.
Before leaving London, Churchill obtained a commission to write accounts of the war for the Morning Post, producing 15 articles, which were printed in the newspaper between 23 September and 8 October 1898, for which he was paid £15 () per article. This helped offset his expenses for the trip, which the War Office had declined to meet, as well as refusing any liability should he be killed or injured. The Times had two correspondents covering the war, one of whom was killed and another injured, and Churchill wrote a piece for this newspaper also, but Kitchener vetoed the sending of the report.
After the Battle of Omdurman the Lancers were ordered to return to other duties, so Churchill's personal experience of the war ceased at that point. Although Omdurman had been taken from Khalifa Abdullahi, the Khalifa himself escaped and was not tracked down and found to have been killed in the final defeat of his army for another year. A number of participants were to play important parts in the First World War. Aside from Churchill and Kitchener, captains Douglas Haig and Henry Rawlinson became generals in the war, while Lieutenant David Beatty, then commanding a Nile gunboat, became an admiral and commanded the British Grand Fleet.
Churchill returned to England to complete his leave, before returning to India for three months and finally resigning from the army. As a direct result of Churchill's writings, a rule was introduced prohibiting serving officers from also acting as war correspondents. This was one factor contributing to his leaving the army, since his earnings from writing were some five times greater than his army pay during his three years of army service.
In India Churchill visited the Viceroy, Lord Curzon, who had himself written a history of "Persia and the Persian Question" eight years before. He read everything he could find containing background information about the Sudan. On the way home he stopped for two weeks in Egypt to visit Lord Cromer, then in charge of the Egyptian government, who read through the text and made suggestions and corrections, in particular playing down the popular impression of General Gordon, murdered by the Mahdi's forces fourteen years before, as a hero. While in Cairo he spoke to Slatin Pasha, author of a work about the Sudan, Sir Reginald Wingate, Director of Intelligence on Kitchener's staff, Edouard Girouard, responsible for building railways through Egypt which allowed the British advance, and others who had played some part. Sailing home across the Mediterranean, Churchill had as a fellow passenger George Warrington Steevens, who was also a war correspondent, working for the Daily Telegraph. They had met on a couple of previous occasions, and Churchill prevailed upon him also to read the manuscript. His suggestion was to reduce the degree of philosophising that, despite the accuracy of Churchill's commentary, might bore the reader.
Content
In vivid style the book describes the background to the war, the relationship of the Upper Nile to Egypt, the murder of General Charles George Gordon in the siege at Khartoum, the political reaction in England, and Kitchener's elaborate preparations for the war. While in the Sudan, Churchill participated in the Battle of Omdurman. Churchill comments at length on the mechanisation of war with use of the telegraph, railroad, and a new generation of weaponry.
1899 unabridged, two-volume edition
The unabridged version contains many illustrations with drawings, photogravures, and coloured maps. It also contains vivid narratives of personal adventures of the author, his views on British expansionism, passages of deep reflection about the requirements of a civilised government, and criticism of military and political leaders and religion. The first edition was reviewed by The Times, which described it as containing material sufficient for two good books and one bad one, with the bad one being the more interesting.
About Islam he wrote:
About the British attitude to war:
About the modern machinery of war and its effectiveness against native tribesmen:
Churchill spread his criticisms wherever he found fault. A passage was highly critical of General Kitchener for ordering the desecration of the Mahdi's tomb and carrying off his head as a trophy. The head was returned by the order of Lord Cromer, once he discovered what had happened. The matter was debated in parliament and led to a newspaper campaign against Kitchener as well as deepening the ill feeling which already existed between two men who as members of the British government in 1914 were expected to co-operate militarily as heads of the army and navy departments. All reference to the incident was removed from the second edition.
Criticisms extended to the supplies for the troops: British soldiers were sent out from England with boots made substantially from cardboard, which rapidly disintegrated and had to be bound with cloth or string to hold together. While the Indian Army was equipped with highly effective Dum-dum bullets produced in India, British bullets sent to Egypt were simply pointed, and 1,000,000 rounds had to have their ends filed off to increase their effectiveness. The rough remodelling meant the bullets were inaccurate at long ranges, giving soldiers a choice of bullets able to hit their target but only wound, or killing bullets which were likely to miss and could jam the guns. Railway engines needed to carry troops and supplies into Sudan had to be obtained from all over the world, since British companies were unable to supply them at short notice. By contrast, American companies could supply locomotives immediately which were more effective and cheaper than some obtained from England.
1902 abridged, one-volume edition
In 1902 Churchill had become a member of parliament. It was thought that the commentary about some of the people mentioned had better be excised in a revised edition. The book was thus edited down to one single volume, removing approximately one-third of the total.
Much of the removed content included passages in which Churchill recounted his own experiences, as he had done in other works, such as The Story of the Malakand Field Force. This removal gave the revised book a somewhat different feel to these others, and to its original form. Other removals included discussions on the ethics of warfare, Churchill's own opinions of events, and his assessment of Islam. The revised book was described as an authoritative history of the war.
Abridgements were published numerous times over the twentieth century, with increasing excisions.
A "definitive" new edition of the book, restoring it to the original two-volume text, edited and annotated by Professor James W. Muller, was published in April 2021.
Controversial modern political usage
In May 2013, Missouri State Representative Rick Stream composed and forwarded an e-mail to his House GOP colleagues. Sam Levin called the e-mail "bizarre," with Rep. Stream alleging "dangers of Islam" and quoting Churchill's controversial statements.
Also in May 2013, the Winston-Salem Journal published a commentary by columnist Cal Thomas, in which he criticized current United Kingdom Prime Minister David Cameron for his reaction following the killing of a British soldier in London, and invited him to take notice of Winston Churchill's views on Islam, some expressed in The River War.
In April 2014, Paul Weston, chairman of the far right Liberty GB party, was arrested in Winchester, Hampshire, for reading aloud passages from the book whilst standing on the steps of the Guildhall and not dispersing when ordered to do so. Weston, a candidate in the May 2014 European Elections, was quoting from a section of Churchill's book that described Islamic culture in unflattering terms.
Reception
Johann Hari criticized Winston Churchill's views in his Not his finest hour: The dark side of Winston Churchill. The author also emphasizes the significance of Richard Toye's Churchill's Empire.
In Churchill’s War, author Max Hastings makes this conclusion on Churchill's views: "Churchill’s view of the British Empire and its peoples was unenlightened by comparison with that of America’s president [Franklin Roosevelt], or even by the standards of his time."
Paul Rahe argues that reading The River War is suitable for "an age when the Great Democracies are likely to be called on to respond to ugly little conflicts marked by social, sectarian, and tribal rivalries in odd corners of the world—the Arabian peninsula, the Caucasus, the Horn of Africa, the Balkans, Central Africa, the Maghreb, and the Caribbean, to mention the most recent examples— I can think of no other historical work that better deserves our attention than The River War."
References
Notes
External links
Unabridged first edition volume 1
Unabridged first edition volume 2
New York Times 1900 Review of The River War
A Churchillian Perspective on 11 September with a review of The River War
Sources
The River War at Internet Archive (scanned books)
The River War at Project Gutenberg via Online Books (1902 abridged edition)
Books by Winston Churchill
Books about military history
British non-fiction literature
1899 books
History books about Sudan
Works about the Mahdist War
Non-fiction books about Sudan |
4017967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactylorhiza%20majalis | Dactylorhiza majalis | Dactylorhiza majalis, the broad-leaved marsh orchid, is a terrestrial Eurasian orchid.
Subspecies include: western marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. occidentalis), southern marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. praetermissa), Hebridean marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. ebudensis), and narrow-leaved marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. traunsteinerioides).
The broad-leaved marsh orchid grows mainly in nitrogen-poor marsh areas that consist of several plant communities. More rarely, it is found in fens. Its flowering period begins at lower elevations as early as the beginning of May and ends in higher elevations at the end of July. The lowest blossoms usually open even before the stem has reached its full height.
Description
The broad-leaved marsh orchid is usually tall, though some specimens may reach . Three to eight dark spotted leaves are distributed on the stem, which is hollow. The lower leaves are ovate to lanceolate and long and 1.5 to 3.5 cm (⅝ to 1⅜ in) wide. The upper leaves are increasingly smaller and more lanceolate. The bracts are about as long as the blossom and cover it before it blooms. The densely flowered inflorescence, which is long, is at first conical, but distinctly cylindrical when in full blossom. The seven to forty blossoms are colored purplish red, rarely light pink or white. The lateral tepals of the external circle of the perianth stand obliquely or vertically upright. They are 7 to 12 mm (¼ to ½ in) long and 2.5 to 5 mm (⅛ to 3⁄16 in) wide. The middle tepal is smaller and forms a "helmet" together with the two lateral tepals of the internal circle. These are 6 to 11 mm (¼ to 7⁄16 in) long. The trilobate lip is 5 to 10 mm (3⁄16 to ⅜ in) long and 7 to 14 mm (¼ to 9⁄16 in) wide. The shape and pattern of the lips are variable. In the lighter central area of the lip the markings are made up of lines, streaks, or dots. The spur is bent slightly downwards and is not quite as long as the ovary. The tuber has a palmate division and an irregular shape.
The broad-leaved marsh orchid has a karyotype of two sets of forty chromosomes. The seed of this orchid contains no endosperm for the embryo. Therefore, germination can take place only by means of infection with a root fungus (mycorrhiza).
Taxonomy
In 1828 Ludwig Reichenbach described the broad-leaved marsh orchid as Orchis majalis. The name became the basionym after Peter Francis Hunt and Victor Samuel Summerhayes transferred the species to the genus Dactylorhiza in 1965. Sometimes the name Dactylorhiza fistulosa is used, but since this description is not valid, the name cannot be used despite its earlier publication in 1794 as Orchis fistulosa.
Many synonyms have been published:
Orchis majalis Rchb.
Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb.) Verm
Orchis baltica (Klinge) A.Fuchs
Dactylorchis baltica (Klinge) Verm.
Dactylorhiza baltica (Klinge) N.I.Orlova
Orchis longifolia Neuman
Dactylorhiza ebudensis (Wief. ex R.M.Bateman & Denholm) P.Delforge
Orchis francis-drucei Wilmott
Dactylorhiza francis-drucei (Wilmott) Aver.
Orchis kerryensis Wilmott
Dactylorchis kerryensis (Wilmott) Verm.
Dactylorhiza kerryensis (Wilmott) P.F.Hunt & Summerh.
Dactylorhiza parvimajalis D.Tyteca & Gathoye
Orchis occidentalis (Pugsley) Wilmott
Dactylorchis occidentalis (Pugsley) Verm.
Dactylorhiza occidentalis (Pugsley) P.Delforge
Orchis sphagnicola Höppner
Dactylorchis sphagnicola (Höppner) Verm.
Dactylorhiza sphagnicola (Höppner) Aver.
Dactylorchis hoeppneri (A.Fuchs) Verm.
Orchis hoeppneri (A.Fuchs) Höppner ex Verm.
Dactylorchis deweveri Verm.
Dactylorhiza deweveri (Verm.) Soó
Dactylorhiza hoeppneri (A.Fuchs) Soó
Dactylorhiza sennia Vollmar
Orchis traunsteinerioides (Pugsley) Pugsley
Dactylorchis traunsteinerioides (Pugsley) Verm.
Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides (Pugsley) Landwehr
Subspecies and varieties
Many names have been proposed at the subspecies, variety and form levels, but as of June 2014 only the following are recognized:
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. baltica (Klinge) H.Sund. – Finland, Germany, the Baltic Republics, Russia, Siberia, Kazakhstan
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. ebudensis (Wief. ex R.M.Bateman & Denholm) M.R.Lowe – Outer Hebrides of Scotland
Dactylorhiza majalis var. francis-drucei (Wilmott) R.M.Bateman & Denholm – Scotland
Dactylorhiza majalis var. kerryensis (Wilmott) R.M.Bateman & Denholm – western Ireland
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. majalis – widespread across much of Europe from Spain to Russia
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. occidentalis (Pugsley) P.D.Sell – Britain and Ireland
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. sphagnicola (Höppner) H.A.Pedersen & Hedrén – Scandinavia, Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. traunsteinerioides (Pugsley) R.M.Bateman & Denholm – Britain and Ireland
Hybrids
The broad-leaved marsh orchid hybridizes quite commonly with other species of its genus.
Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana (Dactylorhiza incarnata × D. majalis)
Dactylorhiza × braunii (Dactylorhiza fuchsii × D. majalis)
Dactylorhiza × dufftiana (Dactylorhiza traunsteineri × D. majalis)
Dactylorhiza × godferyana (Dactylorhiza praetermissa × D. majalis)
Dactylorhiza × kuehnensis (Dactylorhiza ruthei × D. majalis)
Dactylorhiza × townsendiana (Dactylorhiza maculata × D. majalis)
Dactylorhiza × rupertii (Dactylorhiza sambucina × D. majalis)
More rarely, hybrids with other genera (intergeneric hybrids) occur.
×Dactyloglossum drucei (Coeloglossum viride × Dactylorhiza majalis)
×Dactylodenia lebrunii (Dactylorhiza majalis × Gymnadenia conopsea)
Range
Dactylorhiza majalis is widespread across much of Europe and north-central Asia, from Spain and Ireland to Siberia and Kazakhstan.
In Germany the broad-leaved marsh orchid is widespread but with several gaps. In many places, especially from western to northern Germany, it is extinct.
In Switzerland it is also quite widespread. A significant gap is found south of the Aar between Aarau and Lake Neuchâtel.
Conservation
Although the broad-leaved marsh orchid is commonly found in some regions, it is nevertheless protected as an orchid.
As with many marsh plants, the numbers of this species have been dwindling for quite some time. The main causes are the entry of nitrogen via fertilizer, drying out of the habitat, and intensive conversion to pasture. The broad-leaved marsh orchid does not react so sensitively to changes in its habitat as for example the early marsh orchid, Dactylorhiza incarnata. It is usually the last of the native orchids to disappear. This tolerance makes it a still relatively common species.
References
External links
Den virtuella floran Distribution
majalis
Orchids of Europe
Orchids of Asia
Plants described in 1828 |
4017973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%20%28surname%29 | Bose (surname) | Bose, Basu, Bosu, Boshu or Bosh (, ) is a surname found amongst upper caste Kulin Kayastha.The traditional Bengali version is Bosu, which is sometimes written Basu, which is alternately spelled as Bose or Basu. It from Sanskrit (, a name of Viṣṇu meaning ‘dwelling in all beings’).
History
Boses belong to Kayastha caste in Bengal. The Bengali Kayasthas evolved between the 5th/6th century AD and 11th/12th century AD, its component elements being putative Kshatriyas and mostly Brahmins, according to André Wink. Boses are considered as Kulin Kayasthas of Gautam gotra, along with Ghoshes, Mitras and Guhas.
Notables of Indian or Bengali descent
Abala Bose (1865–1951), Indian social worker
Amar Bose (1929–2013), MIT professor, founder and chairman of the Bose Corporation
Ankiti Bose (born 1992), Indian entrepreneur who works on the digitisation of the textile and apparel industry
Ashish Bose (1930-2014), Demographer who coined BIMARU
Benoy Basu (1908–1930), Indian revolutionary
Buddhadeb Bosu (1908–1974), Bengali writer
Fanindra Nath Bose (1888–1926), Bengal-born sculptor
Girish Chandra Bose (1853–1939), Indian educator and botanist
Jyoti Basu (1914–2010), Indian politician of the Communist Party (Marxist), 6th chief minister of West Bengal
Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858–1935), Bengali physicist, science fiction writer, and student of radio science
Kamal Bose (1915–1995), Indian cinematographer, winner of five Filmfare Awards
Khudiram Bose (1889–1908), Indian freedom fighter
Mankumari Basu (1863–1943), Bengali poet
Mihir Bose (born 1947), Indian-born British journalist, former BBC's sports editor
N. S. Chandra Bose (1932–2010), medical doctor and politician
Nandalal Bose (1883–1966), Indian painter
Pooja Bose (born 1987), Indian actress
Pratap Bose (born 1974), British-Indian automotive designer
Rahul Bose (born 1967), Indian actor
Rajsekhar Bose (1880–1960), Bengali writer, chemist and lexicographer
Raj Chandra Bose (1901–1987), Indian mathematician and statistician
Rash Behari Bose (1886–1945), Indian freedom fighter
Kaushik Basu (born 1952), Professor of Economics at Cornell and Chief Economist at World Bank
Sarat Chandra Bose (1889–1950), Indian lawyer and freedom fighter (brother of Subhas Chandra Bose)
Soumya Sankar Bose (born 1990), Indian Artist and Photographer
Sarmila Bose (born 1959), Indian journalist and researcher
Satyendra Nath Bose (1894–1974), Indian physicist, known for the Bose–Einstein collaborations
Sachindra Prasad Bose (died 1941), designer of the Calcutta Flag
Shree Bose (born 1994), American scientist, winner of the inaugural Google Science Fair
Sudhindra Bose (1883–1946), pioneer in teaching Asian politics and civilization in the United States
Swadesh Bose (1928–2009), Bangladeshi economist
Sugata Bose (born 1956), Harvard professor, Member of Parliament and grandnephew of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
Subhas Chandra Bose (1897–1945), fighter of the Indian independence movement and eminent personality of the Indian National Army
Uma Bose (1921–1942), 'The Nightingale of Bengal', musical prodigy
Vivian Bose (1891–1983), judge of the Supreme Court of India and one of the founders of scouting in India
Notable others
Georg Matthias Bose, (1710-1761), Leipzig born professor of natural philosophy and electrostatics inventor
Sterling Bose (1906–1959), American jazz trumpeter and cornetist
von Bose is an unrelated German surname
Julius von Bose (1809–1894), Prussian Army general
Countess Louise von Bose (1813–1883), German philanthropist
Herbert von Bose (1893–1934), German civil servant
Jobst-Hilmar von Bose (1897–1949), German soldier
Hans-Jürgen von Bose (born 1953), German composer
Bosé is an unrelated European surname
Lucia Bosè (Italian spelling, born Lucia Borloni) or Lucía Bosé (Spanish spelling) (1931–2020), Italian actress
Miguel Bosé (born 1956), Spanish singer and son of Lucia Bosè
References
Surnames
Bengali Hindu surnames
Indian surnames |
4017987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn%E2%80%93Aird%20syndrome | Flynn–Aird syndrome | Flynn–Aird syndrome is a rare, hereditary, neurological disease that is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. The syndrome involves defects in the nervous, auditory, skeletal, visual, and endocrine systems and encompasses numerous symptoms, bearing striking similarity to other known syndromes of neuroectodermal nature such as: Werner syndrome, Cockayne syndrome and Refsum syndrome.
The onset of Flynn–Aird syndrome typically occurs between ten and twenty years of age, however, the earliest case was diagnosed at age seven. As the syndrome progresses, initial symptoms tend to intensify and new symptoms become apparent. Unlike related syndromes and despite the intensity of symptoms in the disease progression, Flynn–Aird syndrome does not appear to shorten life expectancy.
The disease is characterized by early-onset dementia, ataxia, muscle wasting, skin atrophy, and eye abnormalities. In addition, patients have the potential of developing a number of other related symptoms such as: cataracts, retinitis pigmentosa, myopia (nearsightedness), dental caries, peripheral neuropathy (peripheral nerve damage), deafness, and cystic bone changes. This syndrome was first discovered in the early 1950s by American neurologists P. Flynn and Robert B. Aird who analyzed one family lineage inheritance pattern of this disease.
Symptoms and signs
Individuals with this syndrome typically develop normally until reaching the second decade of their lives but the onset of symptoms has been observed as early as age seven. The first defect observed in individuals who have this condition affects the auditory system and is known as bilateral nerve deafness. Another early symptom is the development of myopia (nearsightedness). In addition to bilateral nerve deafness and myopia, other symptoms that plague infected individuals early in disease progression include ataxia, muscle wasting, severe peripheral neuritic pain sometimes accompanied by elevated spinal fluid protein, and joint stiffness.
The central nervous system (CNS) is affected with deficits in the cerebral cortex which indicate signs of mental retardation even though psychological observations appear relatively normal for individuals studied. Atypical epilepsy is also a common feature of CNS malfunctioning including aphasia expressions, blurred vision, and numbness of the face and limbs.
In the third decade of the condition, individuals develop further visual problems including retinitis pigmentosa, and bilateral cataracts. Affected individuals experience the restriction of visual fields, night blindness, and eventually severe or complete blindness.
Individuals with this syndrome exhibit many physical deformities including skeletal, epidermal, and subcutaneous abnormalities. The skeletal problems are characterized by scoliosis and muscle weakness indicative of the kyphoscoliotic type which follow muscle wasting and peripheral neuritis (nerve inflammation). Osteoporosis is also observed in many cases. Skin and subcutaneous atrophy is common as well as skin ulcerations due to inability of the skin to heal. One of the final manifestations of disease is baldness. There is no evidence that the progression of Flynn–Aird syndrome shortens the patient's life-span, but the terrible conditions certainly increase morbidity.
Genetics
One family of 68 individuals over 5 generations was studied and the prevalence of disease among the family members suggests that it is indicative of dominant inheritance that is not sexually linked. This is supported by the fact that the disease failed to skip generations even in the absence of intermarriages and that disease incidence was independent of sex. The current findings suggest that the cause of the disease could be narrowed down to one enzymatic defect that is involved in the development of neuroectodermal tissue, however the exact molecular mechanisms are currently unknown. The other symptoms that arise such as bone defects and diabetes may be secondary to this enzymatic defect.
Pathophysiology
The exact pathophysiological mechanism of Flynn–Aird syndrome is unknown. However, several theories are in place with regards to the nature of this disease including the presence of a genetically defective enzyme involving a neuroectodermal tissue constituent. This explanation provides evidence for the late onset of the condition, the intricate findings, the varied nature of the disorder, as well as the genetic incidence. In addition, some aspects of the condition may be linked to a suppressing (S) gene due to the fact that only a small amount of stigmata appeared while the defects were still transmitted in the family studied. A suppressing gene down regulates the phenotypic expression of another gene, especially of a mutant gene. Other abnormalities may be due to endocrine system diseases.
Diagnosis
Treatment
Only symptomatic treatment for the management of disturbances can be indicated for affected individuals. The genetic origin of this disease would indicate gene therapy holds the most promise for future development of a cure. But at this time no specific treatments for Flynn–Aird syndrome exist.
History
P. Flynn and Robert B. Aird observed this neuroectodermal syndrome after studying one family whose members had a number of neurological symptoms that were consistent from generation to generation. A number of the symptoms overlapped with several known neurological diseases such as Werner syndrome, Refsum syndrome, and Cockayne syndrome, which could be indicative of similar causative origins. However, these syndromes are recessively inherited as opposed to the dominant inheritance seen in the family studied by P. Flynn and Robert B. Aird. About 15% of family members exhibited full-blown symptoms characteristic of the disease while others showed some symptoms that overlapped with the general clinical manifestation of the syndrome.
Research
Following the initial inquiry by P. Flynn and Robert B. Air, only two case studies have been published in Germany and Japan respectably but are not currently accessible. At this time there are no indication of further scientific investigation of Flynn–Aird syndrome. However, there is research on other, more common syndromes such as Werner syndrome, Cockayne syndrome and Refsum syndrome that may help better understand Flynn–Aird syndrome.
References
External links
Neurological disorders
Syndromes affecting the eye
Autosomal dominant disorders
Genetic disorders with OMIM but no gene
Syndromes affecting hearing
Syndromes affecting the nervous system |
4017988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20E.%20Rogers | Mark E. Rogers | Mark E. Rogers (April 19, 1952 – February 2, 2014) was an American author and illustrator.
Biography
Rogers, while a student at Pt. Pleasant Beach High School, wrote a short novel, The Runestone, which has since been adapted into Willard Carroll's 1990 film starring Peter Riegert and Joan Severance, although it remains unpublished.... except as a numbered, signed limited edition chapbook published by Burning Bush Press in 1979. At the University of Delaware he continued his interest in writing, graduating summa cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1974. He was elected to membership in Phi Beta Kappa.
He thereafter became a professional writer. His published works include the Samurai Cat series; a number of novels, The Dead, Zorachus, and the latter's sequel, The Nightmare of God; a series of books known as Blood of the Lamb; and another series called Zancharthus. He has also published three art portfolios and a collection of his pin-up paintings, Nothing But A Smile.
Death
Rogers often had heart problems, he died from apparent heart failure while hiking with his family in California's Death Valley.
Bibliography
Samurai Cat
(1980) The Bridge of Catzad-Dum - chapbook, published by The Burning Bush Press, ltd. ed. of 500
(1984) The Adventures of Samurai Cat (1986) More Adventures of Samurai Cat (1989) Samurai Cat in the Real World (1991) The Sword of Samurai Cat (1994) Samurai Cat Goes to the Movies (1998) Samurai Cat Goes to HellZorachus
(1986) Zorachus (1988) The Nightmare of GodBlood of the Lamb
(1991) The Expected One (1991) The Devouring Void (1992) The Riddled ManZancharthus
(1998) Blood and Pearls (2000) Jagutai and Lilitu (2002) Night of the Long KnivesNovels
(1989) The Dead (2010) Lilitu (2010) YarkNonfiction
(2003) Nothing But a Smile: The Pinup Art of Mark Rogers (2005) The Art of Fantasy''
References
External links
1952 births
2014 deaths
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American fantasy writers
American male novelists
American science fiction writers
University of Delaware alumni
Writers from Delaware
Chapbook writers
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers |
4018015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dholuo | Dholuo | The Dholuo dialect (pronounced ) or Nilotic Kavirondo, is a dialect of the Luo group of Nilotic languages, spoken by about 4.2 million Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania, who occupy parts of the eastern shore of Lake Victoria and areas to the south. It is used for broadcasts on KBC (Kenya Broadcasting Corporation, formerly the Voice of Kenya).
Dholuo is mutually intelligible with Alur, Lango, Acholi and Adhola of Uganda. Dholuo and the aforementioned Uganda languages are all linguistically related to Jur chol of South Sudan and Anuak of Ethiopia due to common ethnic origins of the larger Luo peoples who speak Luo languages.
It is estimated that Dholuo has 90% lexical similarity with Lep Alur (Alur), 83% with Lep Achol (Acholi), 81% with Lango, and 93% with Dhopadhola (Adhola). However, these are often counted as separate languages despite common ethnic origins due to linguistic shift occasioned by geographical movement.
Literacy (Of the Luo from South Nyanza)
The foundations of the Dholuo written language and today's Dholuo literary tradition, as well as the modernization of the Jaluo people in Kenya, began in 1907 with the arrival of a Canadian-born Seventh-day Adventist missionary Arthur Asa Grandville Carscallen, whose missionary work over a period of about 14 years along the eastern shores of Lake Victoria left a legacy. (This applies only to the Luo of Southern Nyanza, which are to the East of Lake Victoria). This legacy continues today through the Obama family of Kenya and the Seventh-day Adventist Church to which the Obamas and many other Jaluo converted in the early part of the 20th century as residents of the region that Carscallen was sent to proselytize. The Obamas of Kenya are relatives of former US president Barack Obama.
From 1906 to 1921, Carscallen was superintendent of the Seventh-day Adventist Church's British East Africa Mission, and was charged with establishing missionary stations in eastern Kenya near Lake Victoria and proselytizing among the local population. These stations would include Gendia, Wire Hill, Rusinga Island, Kanyadoto, Karungu, Kisii (Nyanchwa), and Kamagambo. In 1913, he acquired a small press for the Mission and set up a small printing operation at Gendia in order to publish church materials, but also used it to impact education and literacy in the region.
Over a period of about five years administering to largely Jaluo congregations, Carscallen achieved a mastery of the Dholuo language and is credited with being the first to reduce the language to writing, publishing the Elementary grammar of the Nilotic-Kavirondo language (Dhö Lwo), together with some useful phrases, English-Kavirondo and Kavirondo-English vocabulary, and some exercises with key to the same in 1910. Then, just a little more than two years later, the mission translated portions of the New Testament from English to Dholuo, which were later published by the British and Foreign Bible Society.
In 2019, Jehovah’s Witnesses released the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures in the Luo language. The bible translation seeks clear, modern expression and it's distributed without charge both printed and online versions.
The grammar textbook Carscallen produced was widely used for many years throughout eastern Kenya, but his authorship of it is largely forgotten. It was later retitled, Dho-Luo for Beginners, and republished in 1936. In addition to the grammar text, Carscallen compiled an extensive dictionary of "Kavirondo" (Dholuo) and English, which is housed at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK. Neither of these works has been superseded, only updated, with new revised versions of the linguistic foundation that Carscallen established in 1910.
Phonology
Vowels
Dholuo has two sets of five vowels, distinguished by the feature [±ATR] which is carried primarily on the first formant. While ATR is phonemic in the language, various phonological vowel harmony processes play a major role and can change the ATR of the vowel at output. A current change in certain dialects of Dholuo is that certain pronouns seem to be losing the ATR contrast and instead use [±ATR] in free variance.
Consonants
In the table of consonants below, orthographic symbols are included between angle brackets following the IPA symbols. Note especially the following: the use of for , common in African orthographies; , are plosives, not fricatives as in Swahili spelling (but phoneme can fricativize intervocalically).
Phonological characteristics
Dholuo is a tonal language. There is both lexical tone and grammatical tone, e.g. in the formation of passive verbs. It has vowel harmony by ATR status: the vowels in a noncompound word must be either all [+ATR] or all [−ATR]. The ATR-harmony requirement extends to the semivowels , . Vowel length is contrastive.
Grammar
Dholuo is notable for its complex phonological alternations, which are used, among other things, in distinguishing inalienable possession from alienable. The first example is a case of alienable possession, as the bone is not part of the dog.
chogo guok (chok guok)
bone dog
'the dog's bone' (which it is eating)
The following is however an example of inalienable possession, the bone being part of the cow:
chok dhiang'
bone (construct state) cow
'a cow bone'
Sample phrases
References
Bibliography
Gregersen, E. (1961). Luo: A grammar. Dissertation: Yale University.
Stafford, R. L. (1965). An elementary Luo grammar with vocabularies. Nairobi: Oxford University Press.
Omondi, Lucia Ndong'a (1982). The major syntactic structures of Dholuo. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
Tucker, A. N. (ed. by Chet A. Creider) (1994). A grammar of Kenya Luo (Dholuo). 2 vols. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
Okoth Okombo, D. (1997). A Functional Grammar of Dholuo. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
Odaga, Asenath Bole (1997). English-Dholuo dictionary. Lake Publishers & Enterprises, Kisumu. .
Odhiambo, Reenish Acieng' and Aagard-Hansen, Jens (1998). Dholuo course book. Nairobi.
Capen, Carole Jamieson. 1998. Bilingual Dholuo-English dictionary, Kenya. Tucson (Arizona): self-published. Kurasa ix, 322. [] https://www.webonary.org/dholuo/
External links
Luo phrases and basics
Practical guide for learning Luo
A Handbook of the Kavirondo Language (1920) – one of the earliest books on Dholuo
Languages of Kenya
Luo languages |
4018020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq%20civil%20war | Iraq civil war | Iraqi civil war may refer to:
Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003), wars and rebellions by Iraqi Kurds against the government
First Iraqi–Kurdish War (1961–70)
Second Iraqi–Kurdish War (1974–75)
1991 Iraqi uprisings, rebellions in Iraq during a ceasefire in the Gulf War
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–97), a conflict between rival Kurdish factions in Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi conflict (2003–present). See also:
Iraq War (2003–11), a war that began with the U.S. invasion of Iraq
Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)
Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)
Iraqi Civil War (2006–2008), a civil war between Sunni and Shia militias including the Iraqi government and Al-Qaeda in Iraq (now known as ISIL)
Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013), an escalation of insurgent and sectarian violence after the U.S. withdrew
War in Iraq (2013–2017), a war between ISIL and the Iraqi government and allies
2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, a short conflict between the Iraqi government and the autonomous Kurdish regional government
See also
Iraq War (disambiguation)
Military history of Iraq |
4018029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20Jamie%20Cuticchia | A. Jamie Cuticchia | Anthony James Cuticchia Jr. (December 28, 1966 – January 6, 2022) was an American scientist with expertise in the fields of genetics, bioinformatics, and genomics. In particular, he was responsible for the collection of the data constituting the human gene map, prior to the final sequencing of the genome. He was also a practicing attorney. He died due to cancer on January 6, 2022.
Early life
He grew up in College Park, Maryland. He received his B.A. in Biological Sciences, with honors, from the University of Maryland, Baltimore County in 1987. In March 1992, he completed his Ph.D. in Genetics at the University of Georgia studying under population scientist Jonathan Arnold. He went on to receive a J.D. magna cum laude, from the North Carolina Central University School of Law in 2009.
Accomplishments
In the late 1980s Cuticchia applied the probabilistic metaheuristic method of simulated annealing as a method for genomic mapping. Through the use of binary fingerprinting of DNA (assigning the presence or absence of a particular sequence a 1/0) it was possible to quickly map the genome of Aspergillus nidulans. This was one of the first genomes physically mapped
In addition to his work in the development of mapping tools, in 1988, along with others, he applied the Markov chain model to predict the occurrence of DNA patterns.
He was the original Data Manager of the GDB Human Genome Database and served as its director both in Toronto at The Hospital for Sick Children as well as at RTI International. He published several books on the human genome during the genetic mapping phase of the human genome project.
Career
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine: In 1992 he took a position as Assistant Professor of Medical Genetics at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. During that period he served as Data Manager for the GDB and later as Director of Data Acquisition and Curation. He remained an adjunct professor with Johns Hopkins until 2001.
Mitre Corporation: In 1995 he took the position of Director of Computational Biology and developed a consulting business for the company in McLean Virginia.
ChemGenics Pharmaceuticals: In 1997 Cuticchia moved to Boston, where he took on an executive position as Director of Genomics and Information technology at ChemGenics Pharmaceuticals. In 1998 the company was merged with Millennium Pharmaceuticals, and Cuticchia returned to academics.
Hospital for Sick Children: In 1998 Cuticchia took the first of several roles at the HSC. Initially appointed as Director of Bioinformatics, he later raised approximately $52,000,000 in research support to form numerous projects and organizations. First, he relocated the GDB to HSC while maintaining some of its operations at Johns Hopkins. Later, he established the Ontario Center for Genomic Computing, which was one of the Top 500 supercomputing sites in the world.
RTI International: In 2002 he returned to the United States to build a bioinformatics department at the Research Triangle Institute.
Duke University School of Medicine: From 2006, Cuticchia served in various bioinformatics related roles at Duke. In 2008 he was named the Duke Bioinformatics Scholar and built a research portfolio in cancer bioinformatics.
AJC Legal Services: In 2010, Cuticchia applied his newly acquired license to practice law in North Carolina focusing on biotechnology and pharmaceutical law.
North Carolina Central University: From 2010, Cuticchia taught undergraduates and law students in courses including: Patent Law, Genetics and the Law, and FDA Regulations
Biotechnology involvement
Cuticchia was a scientific founder of New Chemical Entities, a drug discovery and information company founded in 1997. In 1999 it merged with Thetagen, a provided of pharmacogenomic services. New Chemical Entities was merged with Albany Molecular Research in 2001.
Awards
Cuticchia won numerous awards including:
National Cancer Institute caBIG Outstanding Achievement Award for his work in developing bioinformatics tools for the NCI in 2007.
Numerous awards from the Research Triangle Institute including the Presidential Award for his work in the development of bioinformatics.
He was ranked as one of the Top Three Bioinformatics Scientists by Genome Technology in 2001.
In 2003 he was inducted in the GT All-Stars Academy for his international contributions in bioinformatics.
Bibliography
Books
Chromosome Coordinating Meeting 1992 (CCM92 : Baltimore Conference), with P.L. Pearson, Basel: S. Karger Pub, 1993,
Human Gene Mapping, 1993: A Compendium, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994,
Human Gene Mapping, 1994: A Compendium, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995,
Human Gene Mapping, 1995: A Compendium, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996,
Methods of Microarray Data Analysis VI, Scotts Valley: Create Space Publishing, 2009,
Genetics: A Handbook for Lawyers, Chicago, ABA Book Publishing, 2010,
The Letter: A Satirical Look at Becoming a Lawyer'', CS Publishing, 2012,
References
External links
GDB on web.archive.org (No Longer in Service)
1966 births
2022 deaths
American geneticists
American bioinformaticians
University of Georgia alumni
People from Washington, D.C. |
4018036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Air%20Force%20Memorial%20%28Albany%2C%20Georgia%29 | Royal Air Force Memorial (Albany, Georgia) | The Royal Air Force Memorial in Albany, Georgia, United States, honors the British Royal Air Force Cadets buried in Albany and stands as a memorial to all British cadets who trained in the U.S. during World War II. It is located in Crown Hill Cemetery.
See also
War memorial
References
Royal Air Force memorials
Monuments and memorials in Georgia (U.S. state)
Buildings and structures in Albany, Georgia
World War II memorials in the United States
Tourist attractions in Albany, Georgia |
4018037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heli%20Koivula-Kruger | Heli Koivula-Kruger | Heli Maarit Kruger (née Koivula, formerly Koivula-Kruger; born 27 June 1975) is a Finnish former track and field athlete. She was born in Kauhajoki and represented Kauhajoen Karhu throughout her career. She lives in Vaasa. Her main athletic events were the triple jump and the long jump. She won the silver medal at the 2002 European Championships in Athletics in triple jump, with a wind assisted result of 14.83 metres. She held the Finnish record in triple jump, clearing 14.39 metres, from 2003 to 2021. She was married to discus thrower Frantz Kruger.
Achievements
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
People from Kauhajoki
Sportspeople from Vaasa
Finnish female long jumpers
Finnish female triple jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of Finland
European Athletics Championships medalists |
4018044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosonic | Photosonic | Photosonic is a light-sound concept originally used for the first time by Jacques Dudon for his 'Photosonic Disks'. It was then adopted by VJ/music producer Julyo for his 'Photosonic Guitar'. The term stands for a synesthesia experience, and color sound music.
References
See also
Synesthesia
Visual music |
4018046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Ker%2C%202nd%20Earl%20of%20Roxburghe | William Ker, 2nd Earl of Roxburghe | William Ker, 2nd Earl of Roxburghe PC (16222 July 1675) was a Scottish nobleman who inherited his title from his maternal grandfather, Robert Ker, 1st Earl of Roxburghe.
Early life
He was born William Drummond in 1622. He was the fifth and youngest son born to John Drummond, 2nd Earl of Perth, and Lady Jean Ker. His eldest brother, James Drummond (1615–1675), inherited his father's titles and became the 3rd Earl of Perth.
His mother was the eldest daughter of Robert Ker, 1st Earl of Roxburghe and the former Margaret Maitland, the only daughter and eventual heiress of William Maitland of Lethington. His paternal grandparents were Patrick Drummond, 3rd Lord Drummond and Lady Elizabeth Lindsay (the daughter of David Lindsay, 9th Earl of Crawford). His brother's son, James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth, was created the Duke of Perth in the Jacobite Peerage in 1701.
Peerage and career
As both of his maternal uncles predeceased his grandfather, the 1st Earl of Roxburghe, without a male heir to inherit his titles and estates, nominated his grandson William for the honours in 1648. William changed his surname to Ker and, by special arrangement ratified by Parliament in 1661, inherited the titles and estates of his grandfather.
In 1660 and 1661, he served as Privy Councillor and in 1668, he served as Col. of Foot with the Roxburgh and Selkirk Militia.
Personal life
On 17 May 1655, Roxburghe married his cousin, the Hon. Jane Ker, eldest daughter, and heir of line, of his late uncle, the Hon. Harry Ker (from his grandfather's second marriage to Jean Drummond, who was also his father's younger sister) and Lady Margaret Hay (the only daughter of William Hay, 10th Earl of Erroll and Lady Anne Lyon, daughter of Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne). After his uncle died, Lady Margaret remarried to John Kennedy, 6th Earl of Cassilis. Together, they were the parents of:
Hon. Robert Ker (–1682), who married Lady Margaret Hay, eldest daughter of John Hay, 1st Marquess of Tweeddale.
Hon. Harry Ker.
Hon. William Ker, who served as Sheriff of Tweeddale.
Hon. John Ker (d. 1707), who later took the surname Bellenden and became 2nd Lord Bellenden of Broughton (after inheriting from his first cousin twice removed, William Bellenden, 1st Lord Bellenden, the son of Sir James Bellenden of Broughton, and Margaret Ker).
Lady Jean Ker, who married Colin Lindsay, 3rd Earl of Balcarres, a prominent supporter of James II of England.
Roxburghe died on 2 July 1675 and his titles were inherited by his eldest son, Robert.
Descendants
Through his son Robert, he was a grandfather of Robert Ker, 4th Earl of Roxburghe (–1696), the eldest son of the 3rd Earl.
Through his youngest son John, who married Lady Mary Ramsay (widow of William Ramsay, 3rd Earl of Dalhousie) the second daughter of Henry Moore, 1st Earl of Drogheda, he was the grandfather of John Bellenden, 3rd Lord Bellenden and Lt. Col. William Bellenden (–1759), himself the father of William Bellenden (1728–1805), later Bellenden-Ker, later 7th Lord Bellenden, later 4th Duke of Roxburghe.
Through his only daughter Lady Jean Ker, he was a grandfather of Colin Lindsay, Lord Cumberland, master of Balcarres, who died unmarried in 1708, and Margaret Lindsay, who married John Fleming, 6th Earl of Wigtown.
References
1622 births
1675 deaths
Earls of Roxburghe
William Ker, 2nd Earl of Roxburghe
17th-century Scottish peers
Members of the Privy Council of Scotland |
4018054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerzy%20Petersburski | Jerzy Petersburski | Jerzy Petersburski (1895–1979) was a Jewish Polish pianist and composer of popular music, renowned mostly for his Tangos, some of which (such as To ostatnia niedziela, Już nigdy and Tango Milonga) were milestones in popularization of the musical genre in Poland and are still widely known today, more than half a century after their creation.
Early life
Jerzy Petersburski was born on 20 April 1895 into the well-known Warsaw family of Jewish musicians, Melodysta (on his mother's side). He graduated from the Warsaw Conservatory, where his professor was Antoni Sygietyński. Afterwards he moved to Vienna, where he continued his studies of conducting and at the faculty of piano of the local Music Academy. A talented pianist, he was persuaded by his friend Imré Kálmán to devote himself to popular rather than classical music. In Vienna he also debuted as a composer for Alexander Vertinsky, a renowned Russian poet and songwriter, famous for his romances.
Return to Poland
Upon his return to Poland, with his cousin Artur Gold, he co-founded the Petersburski & Gold Orchestra, which performed at the fashionable nightspot Adria. He became well known for music for cabaret and theaters in Warsaw. Among them was Julian Tuwim's and Marian Hemar's Qui Pro Quo, one of the most famous Polish cabarets of the interbellum. In late 1920s and 1930s, Petersburski became one of the most popular Polish composers as several of his songs became hits on Polish Radio and in music theatres throughout the country. Apart from Marian Hemar, the list of lyricists for his songs included some of the most renowned of their times: Andrzej Włast, Emanuel Szlechter, Ludwik Szmaragd and Artur Tur. Also the performers of Petersburski's songs added to his popularity: Wera Bobrowska (Już nigdy), Hanka Ordonówna (Sam mi mówiłeś), Tola Mankiewiczówna (Ty, miłość i wiosna), Ludwik Sempoliński (Cała przyjemność), Chór Dana and Mieczysław Fogg (Bez śladu) and Adolf Dymsza (Ja i żonka ma).
Despite being the writer of numerous waltzes and foxtrots, as well as two operettas (Kochanka z ekranu and Robert i Bertram), Petersburski is best known for his tangos. In 1928 he composed a song for Stanisława Nowicka titled Tango Milonga in Polish. The song became a major hit and was almost instantly translated to several languages, gaining much popularity abroad, both in Europe and in America (the English and German title being Oh, Donna Clara. The song was sung by many foreign artists, including Al Jolson, Henry Varny and Édith Piaf.
"Another of his tango compositions that attained international recognition was To Ostatnia Niedziela (The Last Sunday) (1933) with lyric by Zenon Friedwald describing the final meeting of former lovers who are parting. In Poland, To ostatnia niedziela is commonly and erroneously called the Suicide Tango - although the true Suicide Tango was the Hungarian art song Smutna niedziela (Gloomy Sunday). During the 1930s [Peterburski's tango] became an enormous evergreen in the Soviet Union, where it was played on virtually every street corner. It was so popular, that it was considered their own Russian tune."
Petersburski also wrote music for four Polish films in the 1930s, including Eugeniusz Bodo's successful Królowa przedmieścia of 1938.
Air Force Service
During the September campaign (Polish Defensive War) of 1939, Petersburski served with the Polish Air Force. After the country was overrun, he moved to the Soviet-occupied part of Poland. In 1940, he was allowed to continue his career and became the leader of the Belarusian Jazz Orchestra band. He performed many of his pre-war hits with new, Russian language lyrics. Among the original compositions of that time was the very popular waltz Sinii Platochek (The Blue Handkerchief, Polish title Blekitna chusteczka) performed by Klavdiya Shulzhenko, which became a popular folk song under the name The 22 June. Another of his popular Russian songs (performed by, among others, the Isaak Dunayevsky's Orchestra) was Utomliennoye solntse (Weary sun), in fact a Russian version of his pre-war To ostatnia niedziela. See also Burnt by the Sun. He also reorganized the Petersburski & Gold orchestra, this time together with Artur's brother Henryk Gold.
After the Sikorski-Mayski Agreement of 1941 he joined the Polish II Corps under Władysław Anders. Evacuated with the rest of the Polish Army to Persia, he moved to Cairo where he started working for the Polish Radio.
In 1947 he traveled, via Palestine, to Brasil, where he had a piano duo with his friend from pre-war Poland, also a Jewish composer, Alfred Schuetz. From 1948 to 1968 he lived in Argentina, working with 'Radio El Mundo' in Buenos Aires. During this time, he composed the hit song All Roads Lead to Buenos Aires, part of which became a famous radio jingle. He also co-led the El Nacional theatre orchestra with the famous Polish-Jewish cabaret actor Lopek (Kazimierz Krukowski). After the death of his wife Maria Minkowska during the earthquake in 1967, Petersburski moved to Caracas, Venezuela and in 1968 returned to Poland. In 1968, after resettling in his beloved Warsaw, he married Sylwia Klejdysz, an opera singer. He died in 1979 in Warsaw. His son, Jerzy Petersburski Jr., was born in 1969.
Death
Jerzy Petersburski died on 7 October 1979 in Warsaw and is buried in Powązki Cemetery.
References
External links
Tango in Poland - Culture.pl
Artur Gold orchestra
music Jerzy Petersburski, lyrics Andrzej Włast
From movie Co mój mąż robi w nocy? (What Does My Husband Do at Night?) music by Jerzy Petersburski lyrics Emanuel Schlechter
lyrics by Andrzej Włast, sung by Tadeusz Olsza
sung by Stefan Witas
Tango in Poland
Dust jacket article on Polish tango
List of some of the Polish tangos
Argentine Tango in Poland - BlauTango portal
1895 births
1979 deaths
20th-century Polish Jews
Jewish songwriters
Polish composers
20th-century Polish pianists
Tango musicians
Polish cabaret performers
Musicians from Warsaw
Burials at Powązki Cemetery
20th-century comedians |
4018065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius%20Stone | Julius Stone | Julius Stone (7 July 1907 – 1985) was Challis Professor of Jurisprudence and International Law at the University of Sydney from 1942 to 1972, and thereafter a visiting Professor of Law at the University of New South Wales and concurrently Distinguished Professor of Jurisprudence and International Law at the Hastings College of Law, University of California.
He is the author of 27 books on jurisprudence and international law, and is hailed by his official biography at the Julius Stone Institute of Jurisprudence as one of the premier legal theorists.
Early life
Stone was born in Leeds, England to parents who were poor Lithuanian Jewish refugees.
Education
Stone received a scholarship to Oxford University, where he earned Bachelor of Arts (Jurisprudence), Bachelor of Civil Law and Doctor of Civil Law degrees. He followed this with a Master of Laws from Leeds University, and then a Doctor of Juridical Science from Harvard University.
Career
Stone taught at Harvard, and briefly at Leeds, then went to New Zealand where he worked at Auckland University College. In 1942, he was appointed Challis Professor of Jurisprudence and International Law at the University of Sydney, a position he held until 1972. Stone's appointment was controversial for several reasons; he was perceived to have a radical jurisprudential stance, some wanted the Chair to be held open until the end of the war as it was suggested that there were suitable candidates in active service. It was suspected that the fact that he was a Jew also played a role. A debate over his appointment was carried out in both the Australian parliament and local newspapers; the Chancellor of the University, and two Fellows of the University Senate, resigned in protest. This early experience of anti-Semitism influenced his lifelong commitment to justice, according to his biographer, Leonie Star (Star 1993).
Stone has been described by his official JSIJ biography as having "a life-long commitment to Israel" and in the Sydney Law Review as having an emotional and "fierce loyalty to the State of Israel" that led some of his colleagues to "express fear even to discuss Israel with him".
In 1972, Stone moved to the University of New South Wales, where he was a visiting Professor of Law until his death in 1985. While at University of New South Wales, he concurrently held the position of Distinguished Professor of Jurisprudence and International Law at the Hastings College of Law, University of California.
In 1999, 15 years after Stone's death, the University of Sydney established an institute of jurisprudence which was named after him, the Julius Stone Institute of Jurisprudence.
Influence
Stone influenced generations of lawyers who studied at University of Sydney. For most of his time there, the Law School was a practice-based school and students learnt what they needed to become practising lawyers. According to A J Brown of Griffith University, the former Justice of the High Court of Australia Michael Kirby was heavily influenced at university by Stone.
Israeli settlements
Stone's view is that Israeli settlements in the West Bank are legal under international law, and do not constitute a violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention (Article 49(6)). He stated:
"Irony would...be pushed to the absurdity of claiming that Article 49(6), designed to prevent repetition of Nazi-type genocidal policies of rendering Nazi metropolitan territories judenrein, has now come to mean that...the West Bank...must be made judenrein and must be so maintained, if necessary by the use of force by the government of Israel against its own inhabitants. Common sense as well as correct historical and functional context excludes so tyrannical a reading of Article 49(6.)"
Criticism
Stone has been criticised for his views in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict by Ben Saul, saying: "Many of Stone’s positions on critical international legal issues in the Israel/Palestine conflict stepped outside even generous zones of plausible or reasonable interpretations of the law, even on the law as it then often ambiguously stood, and certainly in hindsight."
Honours
Award of the American Society of International Law (1956).
Honorary life member of the American Society of International Law (1962).
Swiney Prize for Jurisprudence from the Royal Society of Arts (1964).
World Research Award from the Washington Conference on World Peace through Law (1965).
Officer of the Order of the British Empire, 1973.
Officer of the Order of Australia, 1981.
The Julius Stone Institute of Jurisprudence at Sydney Law School, University of Sydney is named in his honour.
Publications
Books
International Guarantees of Minority Rights: Procedure of the Council of the League of Nations in Theory and Practice (1932)
Regional Guarantees of Minority Rights: A Study of Minorities Procedure in Upper Silesia (1933)
The Atlantic Charter: New Worlds for Old (1943)
"Stand Up and Be Counted!" An Open Letter to the Right Honourable Sir Isaac Isaacs PC, GCMGM, on the Occasional of the Twenty-Sixth Anniversary of the Jewish National Home (1944)
Recent Trends in English Precedent, with a Comparative Introduction on the Civil Law (1945)
The Province and Function of Law: Law as Logic, Justice and Social Control, A Study in Jurisprudence (1947; second edition, 1961)
Law and Society (1948–49)
Legal Controls of International Conflict: A Treatise on the Dynamics of Disputes- and War-Law (1954)
Aggression and World Order: A Critique of United Nations Theories of Aggression (1958)
Legal Education and Public Responsibility (1959)
The Eichmann Trial and the Rule of Law (1961)
Quest for Survival: The Role of Law and Foreign Policy (1961)
The International Court and World Crisis (1962)
The Legal System and Lawyers' Reasonings (1964)
Human Law and Human Justice (1965)
Soviet Jewry (1965)
Social Dimensions of Law and Justice (1966)
Law and the Social Sciences in the Second Half Century (1966)
Research for Advancement of Peace: A Check-List of Programme Choices (1968)
Toward a Feasible International Criminal Court (1970)
Approaches to the Notion of International Justice (1970)
Self-Determination and the Palestinian Arabs (1970)
Of Law and Nations: Between Power Politics and Human Hopes (1974)
Conflict through Consensus: United Nations Approaches to Aggression (1977)
Israel and Palestine: An Assault on the Law of Nations (1981)
Visions of World Order: Between State Power and Human Justice (1984)
Precedent and Law: The Dynamics of Common Law Growth (1985)
Pamphlets
International Law and The Arab-Israel Conflict (n.d.) [but after 1980],
References
Further reading
Star, Leonie. Julius Stone: an intellectual life. Oxford University Press, 1993,
External links
Biography of Julius Stone
Kirby, Michael. Julius Stone and the High Court of Australia – a speech by Justice Michael Kirby at a Symposium to mark the 50th Anniversary of the publication of Stone's Province and Function of Law.
Stone, Julius. International Law and the Arab-Israeli conflict (PDF) – Extracts from Israel and Palestine – Assault on the Law of Nations
International law scholars
British emigrants to Australia
New Zealand legal scholars
British legal scholars
Harvard Law School alumni
University of California, Hastings faculty
University of Sydney faculty
University of New South Wales faculty
Australian Jews
1907 births
1985 deaths
Jurisprudence academics
University of Auckland faculty
Australian Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Officers of the Order of Australia
British expatriates in the United States
British expatriates in New Zealand |
4018066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Mazur | Eric Mazur | Eric Mazur (born November 14, 1954) is a physicist and educator at Harvard University, and an entrepreneur in technology start-ups for the educational and technology markets. Mazur's research is in experimental ultrafast optics, condensed matter physics and peer instruction. Born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, he received his undergraduate and graduate degrees from Leiden University.
Education
Mazur studied physics and astronomy at Leiden University. He passed his "doctoraal examen" (equivalent to a master's degree) in 1977 and continued his graduate studies at the same institution. His PhD thesis investigated the structure of non-equilibrium angular momentum polarizations in polyatomic gases.
Career and research
Although he intended to go on to a career in industry with Philips N.V. in Eindhoven, he left Europe at the urging of his father, Peter Mazur, to pursue a postdoctoral study with Nobel laureate Nicolaas Bloembergen at Harvard University. After two years as a postdoctoral researcher working with Bloembergen, Mazur was offered a position of assistant professor at Harvard University. In 1987 he was promoted to associate professor and obtained tenure three years later in 1990. Mazur currently holds a chair as Balkanski Professor of Physics and Applied Physics jointly in the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and in the Physics Department. He is also the Dean of Applied Physics.
Mazur's early work at Harvard focused on the use of short-pulse lasers to carry out spectroscopy of highly vibrationally excited molecules. Mazur and his group have made many pioneering contributions to the field of ultrashort laser pulses and their interactions with matter ("femtosecond material science"). In 1989 his group was one of the first in academia to build a colliding-pulse mode-locked laser, which generated pulses of only 70 femtosecond duration. After early measurements by Mazur's group demonstrated conclusively that solids can undergo a structural phase transition without appreciable heating of the lattice, Mazur's group developed a technique to measure the full dielectric function of highly excited semiconductors. Since then the group's use of this technique and various nonlinear optical probes to study laser-induced structural phase transitions.
In parallel to the work on semiconductors, Mazur began studying the interaction of intense femtosecond pulses with transparent materials. By tightly focusing a laser pulse in the bulk of a transparent material nonlinear optical absorption occurs inside the material, leading to extreme high temperatures and material changes at the focus. This femtosecond laser micromachining technique is now widely used for data storage, fabrication of integrated optical components, and microsurgery.
In 1998 a serendipitous discovery in Mazur's laboratory led to the development of a new method to form a silicon surface modification, called "black silicon" because of its very low reflectivity. After irradiation by a train of femtosecond laser pulses in the presence of a halogen containing gas, the surface of silicon develops a self-organized microscopic structure of micrometer-sized cones. The resulting material has many remarkable properties, such as an enhanced absorption that extends to the infrared below the band gap of silicon. The material has found commercial applications in a number of photodetectors.
Mazur's research continues to focus on ultrashort laser pulse interactions and novel nonlinear optical devices. In collaboration with a group from Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, Mazur's group was the first to develop a technique for pulling subwavelength diameter silica optical fibers. These wires guide light in the form of an evanescent wave, permit very sharp bending of the light.
Peer instruction
In 1991, Mazur began designing an instructional strategy for teaching called peer instruction. In 1997, he published a book called Peer Instruction: A User's Manual which provides details on this strategy.
Peer Instruction (PI) has been found to be more beneficial than class-wide discussion or lecture. In fact, according to an article in the March/April 2009 edition of Complexity, over 90% of instructors who have tried PI plan to continue to use it and incorporate it more into teaching. The seating arrangement plays an important role in the outcome of this method. For example, when low-performing students are seated in the front, their chance to do better increases. Meanwhile, the results of high-performing students who are seated in the back are not affected. In addition, when high-performing students are seated in the outer four corners of the classroom, the performance of the class as a whole increases.
Entrepreneurship
Mazur has founded or co-founded at least two technology start-ups: SiOnyx, which makes infrared sensors, and Learning Catalytics, which in April 2013 he sold to the Pearson educational corporation.
Awards and honors
Mazur has been widely recognized for his scientific work and leadership.
1988 – Awarded the Presidential Young Investigator Award by President Ronald Reagan.
1989 – Elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society.
1999 – Award for excellence in educational research by the Council of Scientific Society Presidents
2006 – selected as one of 75 most outstanding American physicists by the American Association of Physics Teachers
2008 – Awarded the Esther Hoffman Beller Medal by the Optical Society of America.
2008 - Correspondent of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
2014 - Minerva Prize for Advancement in Higher Education by Minerva University
References
External links
1954 births
Living people
21st-century American physicists
20th-century Dutch physicists
Dutch emigrants to the United States
Laser researchers
Leiden University alumni
Harvard University faculty
Scientists from Amsterdam
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Optical physicists |
4018080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%20Lygia | Gra Lygia | Gra Lygia () is located approximately 4 km west of Ierapetra center. Its residents are called "GraLighiotes". They are occupied mainly in the agriculture sector; this is the main source of income for the residents and their income per capita is one of the highest in the region. The village is surrounded by greenhouses which demonstrates that the agriculture sector is modernized. There are many firms in related fields such as agriculture companies that co-operate with multinationals.
In recent years there has been a lot of development in the village's standard of living. Young people can enjoy the presence of cafeterias, internet cafes, snack bars, kebab shops, and DVD rentals. Major shops are Linux cafe (internet cafe), gyrovolies (kebab shop), Joanna (clothwear), Avantage (cafe bar) and others. There are two relatively big supermarkets and several corner shops that give a good shopping and leisure environment to the community.
The community enjoys high multicultural environment as a lot of immigrants live here and contribute to the local economy mainly as manual workers. The immigrants are mainly for countries of the former Communist bloc. The majority of them comes from Bulgaria and Albania, but also from countries such as Poland, Russia etc.
Sports are highly popular in the village, especially football and basketball. The basketball team of Lygia won the double in the local championship of the Cretan League and got promoted in the Third National Division for the 2006-2007 season.
There are some sports facilities such as a basketball and volleyball court in the elementary school and a small football stadium in the Kotsyfiani church area.
The village is near the seaside looking over to the Libyan Sea and is a great place for swimming and summer sports. Each summer some tournaments such as beach football are organised at the local beach. During the summer the beach is very popular as a lot of people with origins from Gra-Lighia spend their holidays in the village. Local people enjoy sailing and fishing and they possess small boats that one can see in the marina of the village.
A big problem for this community is the dangerous road network that surround the village and lead to deadly accidents especially among youth that use motorbikes.
Notable persons with origins from Gra Lighia are Ioannis Pyrgiotakis who is ex vice-chancellor of the University of Crete and Ioannis (Marinos) Gaitanakis (mother side) one of the top basketball player (shooting guard) that ever appeared in Ierapetra. He has the record for most points per game(55)
References
Populated places in Lasithi
Ierapetra |
4018088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill%20a%20h-Uile%20Rud | Mill a h-Uile Rud | Mill a h-Uile Rud () is a Seattle-based band who sing in Scottish Gaelic.
The band
The name translates as 'Destroy Everything'. The band sings entirely in Scottish Gaelic, which has proved something of a novelty in Scotland and has gained them considerable coverage in English, Scottish Gaelic, Irish language, and other Celtic language media.
Although Oi Polloi released the first Gaelic Punk album 'Carson?' in 2003, Mill a h-Uile Rud's 'Ceàrr' was the first CD of all new Gaelic songs ever released. Ceàrr was also the first CD produced with exclusively Gaelic liner notes and the official Mill a h-Uile Rud website was the first all-Gaelic band website. Ceàrr was recorded in a studio in Port Townsend Washington in 2005 for $400 (about £200) in just two days. The recording was virtually 'live'; the band only did two takes of each song. In 2006, the band recorded three other songs in a slightly more professional setting; these songs appeared on the compilation albums 'Ceòl Gàidhlig mar Sgian nad Amhaich' and 'Gàidhlig na Lasair.'
Biography
The band formed in 2003 and retain their original line-up of Tim Armstrong (vocals, guitar), Sgrios a h-Uile Rud (vocals, bass) and Sìne Nic Anndrais (drums). (This Tim Armstrong is a different person from the Tim Armstrong from Berkeley who sings in the punk band Rancid.) Originally from Seattle, Armstrong was a member of several punk bands in Brunswick, Maine in the late eighties, including Officer Friendly. After spending some years living in Scotland and meeting other Gaelic-speaking punks such as Ruairidh of Oi Polloi, both Tim and Sìne, whose mother is from the Gaelic-speaking island of Benbecula, started learning Gaelic.
In April 2005, Mill a h-Uile Rud embarked on a European tour with Oi Polloi which took in Scotland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and Poland. Much of this tour was filmed by BBC Alba for a Gaelic television documentary on Mill a h-Uile Rud and Gaelic punk. They have also played in Stornoway, on the sparsely populated Isle of Lewis, the largest town in the Western Isles of Scotland. They also recorded a live session for the BBC Radio nan Gaidheal nighttime 'Rapal' program which is broadcast nationally in Scotland. In 2005, Tim moved to Scotland full-time to study sociolinguistics and language revival—he is a lecturer at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig—and as such, the band is less active, although they still play from time to time when Tim is back in the Seattle. Tim was also involved in the Gaelic techno/hip-hop act, Nad Aislingean, the Gaelic rock band, Na Gathan and in 2013 published Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach, the first Scottish Gaelic science fiction novel, published by CLÀR. The book was launched in Edinburgh with Mill a h-Uile Rud's contemporaries Oi Polloi at an illegal street gig on Leith Walk outside Elvis Shakespeare, and later at The Cruz boat on The Shore with Comann Ceilteach Oilthigh Dhun Eideann and CLÀR. Sgrios remains quite active in the Seattle folk-punk scene and is involved in a number of bands in the city while Sìne now runs a goat cheese farm outside of Seattle and researches farming culture. Only their roadie, Erin, still lives on the remote punk commune in the mountains outside Seattle where the band was formed.
Views and lyrical topics
Mill a h-Uile Rud broke new ground in Gaelic music, but they now admit that when they started they didn't fully understand the Gaelic music scene. In an interview aired on BBC Alba, Tim explained, "In the beginning we were so naive," and that it wasn't until later that they appreciated the novelty of what they were doing. Song topics frequently deal with sex which is unusual for contemporary Gaelic music. However the band and others contend that this is in keeping with Gaelic bardic tradition and traditional poets from past centuries such as Iain Lom and Alasdair MacMhaighstir Alasdair. As a band, Mill a h-Uile Rud are highly critical of much Celtic Punk that, in their opinion, sells a cheesy, beer-soaked stereotype of Gaelic culture. They are also noted for their hard-core stance on Gaelic use in and around the band. In a Gaelic music scene where the language is often exploited as a showcase without much actual practical use outside of the songs themselves, Mill a h-Uile Rud stand out for not only singing in Gaelic, but using it in packaging, on their websites, on the stage and with each other. Mill a h-Uile Rud have also never allowed any official translations of their songs.
They have also translated the Ramones' "Sheena Is a Punk Rocker" into Gaelic and play it in their live set.
Discography
2004: Ceàrr (Clàran Droch-Shùil)
2005: Ceòl Gàidhlig mar Sgian nad Amhaich ("Steòrnabhagh"; one track on a four-band compilation single)
2006: Gàidhlig na Lasair ("Steòrnabhagh," "Oran Sabaid Sabhal Mòr Ostaig" and "Crath do Thòn"; three tracks on a five-band compilation CD)
External links
English
article on Mill a h-Uile Rud in Hi-Arts magazine of the Scottish Highlands and Islands
scholarly article on Gaelic music that discusses Mill a h-Uile Rud and their hard-core stand on Gaelic use
Gaelic
article on Gaelic punk in The Scotsman newspaper
article on Mill a h-Uile Rud in The Scotsman newspaper
Notes
Scottish Gaelic music
American musical trios
Celtic punk groups
Punk rock groups from Washington (state) |
4018097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladislav%20L%C3%A1bus | Ladislav Lábus | Ladislav Lábus (born 21 November 1951 in Prague) is a Czech architect and university teacher. He is brother of the Czech actor Jiří Lábus.
References
External links
Interview with short biography (in Czech)
Photo
Short biography (in Czech)
Czech architects
1951 births
Living people |
4018099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zayn | Zayn | Zayn, Zain or ZAYN may refer to:
People
Zain (name) (), an Arabic name meaning "beauty" or "grace"
Zayn ad-Din (disambiguation) (), an Arabic name meaning "grace of the faith"
‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn, also known as Zayn al-‘Ābidīn, son of Hussein and a great-grandson of Muhammad
Zayn Malik (born 1993), also known mononymously as Zayn or ZAYN, British recording artist and former member of One Direction
Zayn-e-Attar, also known as Ali ibn Husayn Ansari Shirazi and as Haji Zayn Attar, a 14th-century Persian physician
Abu Zubaydah (Zayn Abu Zubaydah), a Saudi Arabian citizen held in U.S. custody in Guantanamo Bay
Sami Zayn, the ring name of Canadian professional wrestler Rami Sebei
See also
Zein (disambiguation)
Zain (disambiguation)
Zane (disambiguation)
Zayin, a Semitic letter |
4018103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire%20%28Buffy%20the%20Vampire%20Slayer%29 | Vampire (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | In the fictional world of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spin-off series Angel, a vampire is a unique variety of demon that can only exist on the earthly plane by inhabiting and animating a human corpse. In Fray, a Buffy comic book spin-off set about a century in the future, vampires are also called lurks.
Description
The vampires in the canonical Buffyverse differ greatly from those that appear in the 1992 Buffy the Vampire Slayer movie. The movie's vampires are able to fly, look pale but relatively human, and do not crumble to dust when killed. The canonical vampires (introduced in the first episode of the television series) are demonic spirits that inhabit human corpses.
Because of their partly human nature, vampires are considered impure by other demons who sometimes call them "blood rats".
According to Rupert Giles, when the ancient race of demons called the Old Ones were banished from Earth, the last one fed on a human and mixed their blood, creating the first vampire. This vampire then feeds on other humans and makes more of its kind, essentially being biological weapon against the human race for the Old Ones. According to Illyria, vampires existed during her time as an Old Onelong before the rest were banished from the realm. Vampires possess all the memories and skills of their human predecessors. They also retain much of their host's personality, including any mental illnesses or emotional instabilities. For example, Spike (unlike most vampires) retained his love for his dying mother. Harmony kept her vain, shallow valley girl personality and her love of unicorns. Darla tells the newly turned Liam/Angelus that "what we were, informs what we become"; after her resurrection as a human she says that the darkness he unleashed as Angelus was always in him as a human, long before they met, resulted from the memories of the abuses by his father.
Vampires possess superhuman abilities, such as increased strength, heightened senses, and accelerated healingall of which increase as they grow older or when they drink the blood of powerful supernatural creatures. They can drain animalsincluding humansof their blood in a few seconds. Vampires are immortal and can live indefinitely without any signs of aging, though extremely old vampires acquire demonic features such as cloven hooves for hands, and lose their resemblance to humans. Vampiresexcept those who are skilled with powerful magic such as Count Draculacannot shape-shift.
Vampires in the Buffyverse live on a diet of blood, preferring fresh human blood; they can distinguish the blood of different animals by flavor, and those who do not drink human blood enjoy that of otters. They require no other food or drink, and although they can ingest it they generally find it bland. Prolonged deprivation of blood can impair a vampire's higher brain functions and they become "living skeletons", but lack of blood will not result in a vampire's death. They do not need to breathe airalthough they can breathe to speak or smokeand they cannot pass breath on to others via CPR. They are affected by drugs, poisons, and electricity, and they can be sedated and tasered. Some vampires enjoy both alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, and tobacco.
Vampires can change at will between human appearance and a monstrous form with a pronounced brow ridge, yellow eyes, and sharp teeth. They make a roaring sound when angered. In human form, they can be detected by their lack of heartbeat and lower body temperature. They do not cast reflections, although they can be photographed and filmed. They are largely immune to mind-reading, but Willow Rosenberg can telepathically communicate with vampires such as Spike.
Vampires can be killed by beheading, burning with fire, sunlight, or excessive amount of holy water, by penetration of the heart by a wooden object, or powerful explosives. When killed, a vampire rapidly turns to dry dust. They heal quickly from most injuries but do not regrow lost limbs (although Spike was able to use his hands when they were reattached after being amputated by a mentally disturbed Slayer) and can acquire scars. Their flesh burns in direct sunlight, and on contact with blessed objects such as holy water, a Bible, recently consecrated ground or a Christian cross. They can enter consecrated buildings but appear to feel ill at ease. Vampires are attracted to bright colors and are said to dislike garlic.
Vampires cannot enter a human residence without having been invited once by a living resident; however, once given, such an invitation can only be revoked by a magic ritual. If all living residents die, vampires can enter freely. Areas open to the public and the homes of other vampires, demons, and non-humans are not protected.
To reproduce, vampires must drain a human being of most of his or her blood, then force the victim to drink some of the vampire's blood. This process is known as "siring", and the vampire who does so is called a "sire". Sires often act as mentors to their 'children' and form small covens of related vampires for various purposes. Some vampires can be telepathically linked to those that they have sired. The amount of time it takes for a new vampire to rise seems to vary; Buffy often kills vampires as they rise from their graves but other vampires rise after only a few hours. There is no explanation given for this in the series. They cannot normally reproduce sexually, but under mystical means allow Angel and Darla to conceive a son, Connor, who has a human soul with vampire-like abilities, but none of their weaknesses or need to drink blood.
Vampires in the Buffyverse do not have human souls, but Giles in "The Harvest" says the human corpse a vampire is born into is infected with a demon soul via vampiric blood, and therefore lacks a conscience. Angel and Spikevampires who have had their human souls restored to themfeel remorse for their previous actions. However, soulless vampires are capable of feeling human emotions such as love, though these tend to be expressed as twisted and obsessive behavior.
Variations of vampires are seen on both Buffy and Angel. In the Angel season two episode "Through the Looking Glass", Angel and his team travel to a parallel world, Pylea, where he becomes a "Van-Tal" demon with green skin, spines and a bestial appearance. This form is described by Wesley as the vampire (specifically the demon that creates the vampire) in its purest form. While in this form, Angel lacks the ability to reason, possessing neither the compassion his soul gives him nor the sadism he possesses as Angelus.
The seventh season of Buffy introduces the Turok-Han, an ancient species of vampire analogous to Neanderthal man. These Turok-Han, colloquially referred to as "über-vamps", are stronger and harder to kill than common vampires, can usually withstand a stake to the chest without dusting and show only minor burns when doused with holy water, but can still be killed by beheading or sunlight. The Turok-Han show very little intelligence and cannot speak.
At the end of Season Eight, Buffy destroys the Seed of Wonder, affecting the magical world but not active demons and vampires on Earth. All new vampires sired after the Seed's destruction rise as mindless, feral creatures that Xander Harris dubs "zompires". However, at the end of Season Nine, after rogue slayer Simone Doffler's experiment to create an ultimate vampire upon the slayers who followed her, one slayer, Vicki, has risen as a vampire after Doffler's death who exhibits the abilities of immunity to sunlight and shape shifting. During the beginning of Season Ten, Vicki and the new breed of vampires she sired are shown to be as strong and able withstand a stake to the chest as Turok-Han, however exhibiting a new vulnerability to silver as werewolves.
Creation
The idea of the "vamp faces" — to have vampires' human features distort to become more demonic — was implemented because Whedon wanted to have high school students that the other characters could interact with normally only to discover that these people would turn out be vampires, creating a sense of paranoia. He also wanted to make the vampires look demonic, stating, "I didn't think I really wanted to put a show on the air about a high school girl who was stabbing normal-looking people in the heart. I thought somehow that might send the wrong message, but when they are clearly monsters, it takes it to a level of fantasy that is safer."
In early episodes, the vampires appeared "very white-faced, very creepy, very ghoulish". This was changed in later seasons to make the vampires look more human because of the sympathetic vampire character Angel and because elaborate make-up was time-consuming. Whedon said that people thought the white faces were "funny looking" but found it creepy, comparing it to the monsters in zombie movies such as Day of the Dead and The Evil Dead. The character of the Master was designed to be in permanent vamp face to highlight his age and make him appear animalistic. Make-up artist John Vulich based the Master's appearance on a bat, saying that the character has devolved to a more primal, demonic state over the years.
It was decided that vampires and their clothes would turn to dust after they died. The introduction to one episode, "The Wish", parodied this vampiric trait; when Buffy kills a non-humanoid demon, Willow wonders why the demon corpse "doesn't go poof" and must be buried. Joss Whedon had the vampires explode into dust because it was practical, it demonstrates that they are monsters, he did not want a high school girl killing bad guys every episode and have them clean up bodies for 20 minutes, and it also "looks really cool".
In the first episode, vampires' clothes reflect the era in which they died. Joss Whedon felt this concept was a "charming notion" but rejected it because he believed that if every vampire in the show were dressed in old-fashioned clothes they would cease to be scary.
When creating the vampire "rules" that they would use in the show, the writers used elements from existing vampire lore. They decided the vampires would not fly as in the Buffy movie because they could not make flying vampires look convincing on a television budget. Garlic is mentioned or used as vampire repellent in a few episodes, but its effect on vampires is never stated. Some established rules, such as a vampire's inability to enter a home uninvited, both helped and hindered the storytelling. Whedon said that whereas shows such as The X-Files spend time explaining the science behind the supernatural and making it as real as possible, Buffy and Angel are more concerned with the emotion resulting from these creatures and events than justifying how they could conceivably exist. The shows therefore tend to gloss over the details of vampire and demon lore, simply using the Hellmouth as a plot device to explain unexplainable things.
See also
Vampire fiction
References
External links
Vampires section at "All Things Philosophical on BtVS and AtS"
Fictional characters with accelerated healing
Fictional characters with superhuman strength
Fictional characters who can move at superhuman speeds
Fictional hybrid life forms
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Fictional warrior races |
4018120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Bavetta | Dick Bavetta | Richard W. Bavetta (born December 10, 1939) is an American retired professional basketball referee for the National Basketball Association (NBA). Since starting in 1975, he had never missed an assigned game and holds the league record for most officiated games with 2,635.
His game on April 12, 2013 in Washington was his 2,600th consecutive game as an NBA official.
Early life
Bavetta was born in the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York on December 10, 1939. His father was an officer for the New York Police Department, and his mother was a homemaker. Bavetta attended Power Memorial Academy in New York City (the same school future NBA star Kareem Abdul-Jabbar attended) and is a 1962 graduate of St. Francis College in New York and played on the schools' basketball teams. He began officiating after his brother, Joe, who officiated for the American Basketball Association, convinced him that it would be an interesting career. A Wall Street broker for Salomon Brothers with an MBA in finance from the New York Institute of Finance, Bavetta began officiating games between fellow brokers in the Wall Street League, played at New York's Downtown Athletic Club, and later worked high school games. For ten years, he officiated Public and Catholic High School leagues in New York and later nine years in the Eastern Professional Basketball League, which later became the Continental Basketball Association.
NBA officiating career
In the mid-1960s, he began to attend regional referee tryouts in the hopes of becoming an NBA referee; however, he was rejected for eight straight years due to his small physique and unimposing size. Bavetta was finally hired by the NBA in 1975 following the retirement of Mendy Rudolph. He debuted December 2, 1975 at Madison Square Garden in an NBA game between the New York Knicks and the Boston Celtics. His first ten years in the league were tough as he was constantly ranked bottom among NBA referees in performance evaluations and led the league in technical fouls and ejections called.
To improve his officiating, Bavetta refereed games for the New Jersey pro league and Rucker League in Harlem during the off-seasons and studied NBA rulebooks. In 1983, he became the first referee to undergo rigorous physical training. He ran six to eight miles and took three-hour naps every day. His effort paid off when he emerged as one of the best referees. In the 1980s, he was named chief referee, who has the power to approve or overrule calls made by other officials. He was assigned to officiate his first playoff game in 1986.
Bavetta's most memorable game occurred during a 1980s nationally televised contest between the Philadelphia 76ers and Boston Celtics when he was forced to officiate an NBA game by himself after his partner, Jack Madden, broke his leg in a collision with Celtics guard Dennis Johnson. At one point in the game, Celtics forward Larry Bird and 76ers guard Julius Erving began to strangle each other and were ejected by Bavetta. Bavetta believed that this game assisted in the progression of his career in the NBA.
From 1990 to 2000, Bavetta regularly refereed playoff games and was ranked at the top among referees in terms of performance evaluation. In 2000, he was one of the highest-paid referees in the NBA, earning over $200,000 a year. Among those playoff games included Game 6 of the 1998 NBA Finals, in which Bavetta ruled that a three-point basket made by Howard Eisley of the Utah Jazz was released after the shot clock buzzer sounded and thus would not count. However, television replays on NBC showed otherwise. Bavetta's career was threatened when he was accidentally hit in the nose by Pacers forward Jalen Rose, who was trying to punch Knicks center Patrick Ewing during a 1999 game between the Indiana Pacers and the New York Knicks. Bavetta did not leave the game immediately, opting to wait until later in the day to have surgery. He returned the next day to officiate an Atlanta Hawks-New Jersey Nets game.
On February 8, 2006, Bavetta officiated his 2,135th NBA game, setting a league record for most games officiated that was previously held by Jake O'Donnell. Bavetta said the secret to his longevity was "wearing five pairs of socks", which he claims helped keep his feet in good shape. Contributing to his good health, Bavetta says he runs five to eight miles every day. For his longevity in the league, he has received the nickname "the Cal Ripken, Jr. of referees".
During the 2006–07 season, Bavetta officiated a December 16, 2006 game between the New York Knicks and Denver Nuggets. The game involved a brawl where all ten players on the court were ejected by Bavetta and his officiating crew. The league eventually suspended seven players for a total of 47 games and fined both teams $500,000.
After 39 years of officiating in the NBA, Bavetta officially retired on August 19, 2014 having officiated 2,635 consecutive regular season games.
Charitable works
Bavetta is also actively involved in charitable works. He has established and financed the Lady Bavetta Scholarships since 1986 in honor of his daughters, awarded to high school minority children based on their needs. He has volunteered since 1992 with Double H Hole in the Woods Ranch working with children and teens with a multitude of medical special needs. He also works with the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation and serves as the Upstate New York Regional Director for the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation.
During the 2007 NBA All-Star Weekend, Bavetta raced Turner Network Television (TNT) studio analyst and former NBA player Charles Barkley for a $75,000 charitable donation ($50,000 contributed by the NBA and $25,000 by TNT) to the Las Vegas Boys & Girls Clubs of America, but lost by a narrow margin. The distance of the race was three and one half full lengths of the court (or 329 feet). Bavetta lost the race despite a last-second dive and Barkley running the last portion of the race backwards. The dive resulted in an abrasion injury to Bavetta's right knee.
Controversies
Altercations with Earl Strom
According to Darryl Dawkins' autobiography, Bavetta was officiating an NBA game during the mid-1970s between the Philadelphia 76ers and New Jersey Nets with Earl Strom as his partner for that game. Bavetta overruled Strom on a crucial last-second personal foul call against the Nets, which would have been a victory for the 76ers. When the game ended and players were walking to their respective locker rooms, the door to the referees' locker room flew open and Bavetta came staggering out. His uniform was allegedly ripped and he was wearing a big welt over his eye, running to get away from Strom. Strom stepped out into the hallway and hollered after Bavetta, "You'll take another one of my fuckIng calls again, right, you motherfucker?" Strom was fined for the incident.
Bavetta had another altercation with Strom when Strom tried to choke Bavetta before an NBA game in 1989. Strom reportedly apologized within two weeks of the incident.
Allegations of game fixing
Bavetta was one of three referees for the Game 6 of the 2002 Western Conference Finals between the Kings and the Lakers. Former referee Tim Donaghy has alleged that at least one of the referees working this game had subjective motives for wanting the Lakers to defeat the Kings, and made officiating calls to effectuate this outcome. NBA rules prohibited active referees from commenting on the situation publicly. The New York Times reported on June 12, 2008 that the Federal Bureau of Investigation investigated allegations that Game 6 of the 2002 Western Conference Finals had been manipulated to further the series to a seventh game.
In a 2002 article, Bill Simmons named the worst officiated games of the prior four years, alleging that the games involved either extending a series so it did not end quickly or advancing a large market team for the NBA's benefit. All seven games named had been officiated by Bavetta.
Other achievements
Inducted into the New York City Catholic High School Hall of Fame on June 1, 2000
Received the National Pro-Am Lifetime Achievement Award on October 14, 2002
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2015.
Was the recipient of the 2016 Jerry Colangelo Award at the Athletes in Action All Star Breakfast, which is held each year during the NBA All Star Weekend
References
External links
National Basketball Referees Association
1939 births
Living people
Basketball people from New York (state)
Continental Basketball Association referees
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
National Basketball Association referees
People from Ocala, Florida
People from Park Slope
Sportspeople from Brooklyn
St. Francis Brooklyn Terriers men's basketball players |
4018122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20World%20Order%20%28Gamma%20Ray%20album%29 | No World Order (Gamma Ray album) | No World Order is the seventh full-length album by the German power metal band Gamma Ray released in 2001. A music video was made for the song "Eagle".
Track listing
Personnel
Kai Hansen - vocals, electric guitars
Henjo Richter - Electric and acoustic guitars, keyboards
Dirk Schlächter - bass
Dan Zimmermann - drums
Production
Mixed at: Hansen Studio, Hamburg, Germany
Engineered by: Dirk Schlächter, Kai Hansen
Credits
Cover Painting by: Hervé Monjeaud
Digital Artwork and Booklet-design by: Henjo Richter
References
2001 albums
Gamma Ray (band) albums
Albums produced by Kai Hansen |
4018134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure-FTPd | Pure-FTPd | Pure-FTPd is a free (BSD license) FTP Server with a strong focus on software security. It can be compiled and run on a variety of Unix-like computer operating systems including Linux, OpenBSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD, DragonFly BSD, Solaris, Tru64, Darwin, Irix and HP-UX. It has also been ported to Android.
History
Pure-FTPd is based on Troll-FTPd, written by Arnt Gulbrandsen while he was working at Trolltech from 1995 to 1999. When Gulbrandsen stopped maintaining Troll-FTPd, Frank Denis created Pure-FTPd in 2001, and it is currently developed by a team led by Denis.
See also
List of FTP server software
vsftpd
References
External links
Official Webpage
FTP server software
Free server software
Free file transfer software
IRIX software
Software using the BSD license
Free software programmed in C |
4018143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlayuda | Tlayuda | Tlayuda (), sometimes spelled clayuda, is a handmade dish in traditional Oaxacan cuisine, consisting of a large, thin, crunchy, partially fried or toasted tortilla covered with a spread of refried beans, asiento (unrefined pork lard), lettuce or cabbage, avocado, meat (usually shredded chicken, beef tenderloin or pork), Oaxaca cheese, and salsa.
A popular antojito, the tlayuda is native to the state of Oaxaca. It is regarded as iconic in the local cuisine, and can be found particularly around Oaxaca City. Tlayudas are also available in the center-south region of Mexico, such as Mexico City, Puebla, or Guadalajara.
The dinner plate-sized tortilla is either seared (usually on a comal) or charred on a grill. Refried beans are then applied, along with lard and vegetables, to serve as a base for the main ingredients. The rules for topping a tlayuda are not strict, and restaurants and street vendors often offer a variety of toppings, including "'tasajo" (cuts of meat typical of Central Valley of Oaxaca), chorizo, and cecina enchilada (thin strips of chili powder-encrusted pork). They may be prepared open-faced or folded in half.
In popular culture
Tlayuda was featured on the Netflix TV series, Street Food volume 2, which focuses on Latin American street food.
It is also featured in the third volume (State Tectonics) of Malka Older's Centenal Cycle, best known by its first volume Infomocracy.
See also
List of Mexican dishes
Mexican pizza
Tostada
Memela
References
Cuisine of Oaxaca
Tortilla-based dishes
Baked foods |
4018155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20B.%20Aird | Robert B. Aird | Robert Burns Aird (5 November 1903 – 28 January 2000) was an American educator, neurologist and epileptologist.
Aird's father, Dr. John Aird, founded Provo General Hospital in Provo, Utah, with two other doctors, Dr. Fred W. Taylor and George E. Robison, in 1903. The hospital was the first general hospital in Utah County. In 1923 the partnership broke up and Dr. John Aird continued the hospital under the name of the Aird Hospital from 1923 to 1939 when Utah Valley Hospital was opened. Robert Aird's grandfather and grandmother, William Aird and Elizabeth McLean, were Scottish immigrants and the family was proud of its heritage, thus the name "Robert Burns" Aird, after the famous Scottish poet. His uncle, Henry McLean Aird, was a prominent educator in Utah.
After education at Deep Springs College, Cornell University, and Harvard Medical School, Aird worked first as a neurosurgeon and then as a neurologist at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF). He was made the first chair when the Department of Neurology was created in 1949 and was professor and chair until his retirement in 1966.
In addition to conducting his own research (Flynn Aird syndrome bears his name), Aird developed the department into a leading academic center for the study of the brain sciences, drawing future Nobel laureate Stanley Prusiner as a resident late during Aird's tenure. From 1958 to 1959 he served as president of the American Epilepsy Society (AES) and received its Lennox Award in 1970.
Aird wrote a history of modern neurology and coauthored 2 textbooks on epilepsy.
A lifelong musician, Aird was president of the Cornell University Glee Club as an undergraduate, and during his tenure as neurology chairman at UCSF wrote a musical about the life of Joshua A. Norton (ca. 1815-1880), the mentally ill self-proclaimed Emperor of the United States and Mexico.
References
Further reading
Robert Aird archival collection at UCSF
1903 births
2000 deaths
American epileptologists
Cornell University alumni
Deep Springs College alumni
Deep Springs College faculty
Harvard Medical School alumni
University of California, San Francisco faculty |
4018165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario%20Beaulieu%20%28senator%29 | Mario Beaulieu (senator) | Mario Beaulieu (February 1, 1930 – October 12, 1998) was a Canadian notary, politician and senator.
Early life and career
Born in Plantagenet, Ontario, the son of Henri de Montpellier Beaulieu and Berthe Lalonde, he was educated in Montreal and became a notary in 1956.
He ran unsuccessfully for the National Assembly of Quebec as a Union Nationale candidate for the riding of Montréal-Laurier in 1962. In 1966, he was the President of the Union Nationale's electoral campaign and was the Chief of Staff to Premier Daniel Johnson and Deputy Minister of Executive Council from 1966 to 1968. In 1968, he was the General Director of the Union Nationale.
He was elected in a March 1969 by-election in the riding of Dorion and was appointed Minister of Immigration in Jean-Jacques Bertrand's cabinet, in which he served until 1970. From 1969 to 1970, he was the Minister of Finance. He was defeated in the 1970 election. He ran unsuccessfully in 1971 for the leadership of the Union Nationale, placing third, behind victor Gabriel Loubier and Marcel Masse. In 1971, he published a book, La victoire du Québec.
In 1984, he was Vice-President of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada's Quebec campaign and Chairman of the electoral campaign in 1988.
In 1990, he was appointed to the Senate representing the senatorial division of De la Durantaye, Quebec as a Progressive Conservative, he resigned in June 1994.
External links
1930 births
1998 deaths
Canadian senators from Quebec
Union Nationale (Quebec) MNAs
People from the United Counties of Prescott and Russell
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada senators |
4018166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale%20Carrico | Dale Carrico | Dale Carrico (born 1965) is an American critical theorist and rhetorician. He is a critic of futurology and geoengineering.
Carrico received his Ph.D. from the Department of Rhetoric at the University of California at Berkeley in 2005 and is an adjunct at the San Francisco Art Institute. Carrico was the Human Rights Fellow at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies from 2004 to 2008. He organized the 12th Annual Boundaries in Question Conference in March 2003, the 13th Annual Boundaries in Question Conference in March 2004, on the topic “New Feminist Perspectives on Biotechnology and Bioethics”, and was conference chair of the IEET conference on “Human Enhancement Technologies and Human Rights” held at Stanford Law School in May 2006.
Online publications
References
1965 births
Living people
University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty
San Francisco Art Institute faculty
American rhetoricians |
4018181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20specification | Algebraic specification | Algebraic specification is a software engineering technique for formally specifying system behavior. It was a very active subject of CS research around 1980.
Overview
Algebraic specification seeks to systematically develop more efficient programs by:
formally defining types of data, and mathematical operations on those data types
abstracting implementation details, such as the size of representations (in memory) and the efficiency of obtaining outcome of computations
formalizing the computations and operations on data types
allowing for automation by formally restricting operations to this limited set of behaviors and data types.
An algebraic specification achieves these goals by defining one or more data types, and specifying a collection of functions that operate on those data types. These functions can be divided into two classes:
constructor functions: functions that create or initialize the data elements, or construct complex elements from simpler ones
additional functions: functions that operate on the data types, and are defined in terms of the constructor functions.
Example
Consider a formal algebraic specification for the boolean data type.
One possible algebraic specification may provide two constructor functions for the data-element: a true constructor and a false constructor. Thus, a boolean data element could be declared, constructed, and initialized to a value. In this scenario, all other connective elements, such as XOR and AND, would be additional functions. Thus, a data element could be instantiated with either "true" or "false" value, and additional functions could be used to perform any operation on the data element.
Alternatively, the entire system of boolean data types could be specified using a different set of constructor functions: a false constructor and a not constructor. In that case, an additional function could be defined to yield the value "true."
The algebraic specification therefore describes all possible states of the data element, and all possible transitions between states.
See also
Common Algebraic Specification Language
Formal specification
OBJ
Notes
Formal methods |
4018185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyinsky | Ilyinsky | Ilyinsky (masculine), Ilyinskaya (feminine), or Ilyinskoye (neuter) may refer to:
Ilyinsky (surname) (Ilyinskaya)
Places
Ilyinsky District, several districts in Russia
Ilyinsky Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Work Settlement of Ilyinsky in Ramensky District of Moscow Oblast is incorporated as
Ilyinskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the settlement of Ilyinskoye-Khovanskoye and nineteen rural localities in Ilyinsky District of Ivanovo Oblast are incorporated as
Ilyinsky (inhabited locality) (Ilyinskaya, Ilyinskoye), several inhabited localities in Russia
Ilyinsky (volcano), a volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula
See also
Ilya (disambiguation)
Ilyin
Ilyino
Ilyinka |
4018191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik%20Loyer | Erik Loyer | Erik Loyer is a digital artist whose work examines identity and memory in the context of new modes of communications afforded by media technologies.
History
Loyer began his work at The Voyager Company, and has done professional interface design work for a number of firms and startups. He graduated with a degree in Cinema and Television from the University of Southern California.
Projects
He won a 1998 New Media Invision Silver Award for his project The Lair of the Marrow Monkey, which is part of the permanent collection of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
In 1999, he won a Rockefeller Media Fellowship for his ongoing interactive narrative Chroma which has been showcased internationally, as well as on the web.
In 2009 Loyer turned his attention to his startup company, Opertoon, specializing in the creation of "stories you can play" on mobile devices such as the iPad. Loyer's first release through Opertoon was Ruben & Lullaby, an Indiecade Official Selection valued by MSNBC as a "game that plays more like an interactive graphic novel." USA Today described Loyer's second Opertoon release and top-charting Apple iTunes Store app, "Strange Rain", as "part poetry, part artwork, part game, part interactive music experiment and part relaxation tool."
See also
Vectors Journal of Culture and Technology in a Dynamic Vernacular
Notes
External links
The Lair of the Marrow Monkey
Biography
American digital artists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
4018192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Southern%20Railroad | Buffalo Southern Railroad | The Buffalo Southern Railroad is a class III railroad operating in western New York.
The BSOR is locally owned and operates in the Buffalo area. It should not be confused with the South Buffalo Railway which is a separate railroad.
The BSOR operates on 32 miles of track owned by Erie County, New York and leased from the Erie County Industrial Development Agency. The line runs south from Buffalo, New York to Gowanda, New York servicing the villages of Hamburg and North Collins along the way.
It interchanges with Norfolk Southern Railway, CSX Transportation, Canadian Pacific Railway, Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad and the New York and Lake Erie Railroad. The rail line intersects Norfolk Southern at a diamond in the village of Blasdell near Lake Avenue.
Operations
BSOR traffic includes animal feed, fertilizer, propane, lumber, scrap metal, cement, aggregates, brick, and paper. The annual tonnage hauled is 50,046 using 556 carloads per year. Trains operate on demand, typically several times per week.
The company offers services such as car switching, car unloading, and locomotive leasing and servicing. It operates the Buffalo Creek yard in Eden, New York and has locomotive maintenance facilities in Hamburg, New York.
BSOR locomotives are painted green with yellow trim.
External links
Buffalo Southern Railroad website
Railroads of New York listing
New York (state) railroads
Switching and terminal railroads
Spin-offs of Conrail
Companies operating former Erie Railroad lines |
4018198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamid%20Shirvani | Hamid Shirvani | Hamid Augustine Shirvani (born October 20, 1950) is an architecture scholar, university president and chancellor emeritus.
Early life and education
Shirvani was born in Tehran, Iran, and raised in London, England; he was educated in the United Kingdom and attended graduate schools in the United States. He holds a BA in Architecture from the Polytechnic of Central London, a M.Arch from Pratt Institute, a M.S. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, an M.L.A. from Harvard University and both an M.A. and Ph.D. from Princeton University.
He started his academic career as an assistant professor at Pennsylvania State University and as an Associate and Full professor at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry at Syracuse.
Career
Dr. Hamid Shirvani is currently partner with Higher Education Innovation Group, Washington DC. Professor Shirvani served as President of Briar Cliff University; Senior Fellow with the American Association of State Colleges and Universities; Chancellor of the North Dakota University System; President of California State University Stanislaus; Provost and Executive Vice President at Chapman University; Vice President for Graduate Studies and Research at Queens College, City University of New York; Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Massachusetts Lowell; and Dean of the College of Architecture and Planning at the University of Colorado Denver.
Shirvani has served on numerous public and private boards and Commissions, including: the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, the Midwestern Higher Education Compact, the National Association of System Heads, the NCAA Presidents Council Division II, the American Council on Education (ACE) Commission on International Initiatives, the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) Committee on Professional Development and Workforce Development (chairman), the Governing Board of the Stockton Site Authority, the Competition Inc., and many others.
California State University Stanislaus
In November 2009 the General Faculty of CSU Stanislaus voted for a measure of no confidence in Shirvani. The motivation for the vote according to the Academic Senate was "Shirvani’s abandonment of the shared governance process, the deteriorating working relationship between Shirvani and faculty, and Shirvani’s seeming lack of understanding of the mission of the CSU system."
In April 2010, California Attorney General Edmund G. Brown Jr. announced an investigation to accusations that the university officials including Shirvani violated public records laws when they refused to reveal the financial details of a contract with former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin to speak at a university fundraiser, and allegedly shredded documents related to the agreement.
The contract was reportedly found in a recycling bin along with other CSU documents. These were found by two unnamed CSUS students after a tip they received stating that there was documents being shredded at the CSU on a Furlough Day. In August 2010, the Attorney General concluded his investigation and found that there was no misappropriation of funds by the Foundation and no violation of law.
North Dakota University System
On February 5, 2013, the Fargo Forum reported that State Senator Tony Grindberg (R-Fargo) would offer an amendment to the higher education funding bill that would include language to buy out the remainder of Shirvani's contract. This was politically motivated according to the Bismarck Tribune and was countered by the former Lieutenant Governor Omdahl. However, the State Board of Higher Education expressed their “wholehearted and unequivocal support” for Chancellor Shirvani. The State Board stated that “he has earned and fully deserves our gratitude and continued support.” Representative Robert Skarphol (R) from Tioga, called the attempt “beyond ridiculous” and “ totally inappropriate”, “Shirvani is highly qualified and honorable man”, who “brings both the knowledge and the will to the table, and it terrifies some people within the institutions and the legislators that a real expert may finally be at the helm and the playground atmosphere at some of the campuses may be replaced with one of seriousness and accountability.”
On March 21, 2013, the State Board of Higher Education passed a Resolution in support of Dr. Shirvani expressing that the Board “endorses and gives its full support to the chancellor for his dedication and perseverance in endeavoring to improve the quality of public higher education in North Dakota.”
On February 5, 2013, the Fargo Forum reported that State Senator Tony Grindberg (R-Fargo) will offer and amendment to the higher education funding bill that will include language to buy out the remainder of Shirvani's contract. This was politically motivated according to the Bismarck Tribune and was countered by the former Lieutenant Governor Omdahl.
At the annual retreat of the North Dakota Board of Higher Education, the board went into executive session to discuss Shirvani's job performance and related proposals. On June 4, 2013, the board voted to accept a proposal which would buy out the two remaining years of his employment contract at a cost estimated to be over $800,000.
Student leaders in North Dakota have passed no confidence motions regarding Dr. Shirvani on February 23, 2013. However, the State Board of Higher Education expressed their “wholehearted and unequivocal support” for Chancellor Shirvani. The State Board stated that “he has earned and fully deserves our gratitude and continued support.” Representative Robert Skarphol (R) from Tioga, called the students’ vote “beyond ridiculous” and “ totally inappropriate”, “Shirvani is highly qualified and honorable man”, who “brings both the knowledge and the will to the table, and it terrifies some people within the institutions and the legislators that a real expert may finally be at the helm and the playground atmosphere at some of the campuses may be replaced with one of seriousness and accountability.” Furthermore, “minutes show students no confidence votes politically motivated” according to the minutes of North Dakota Student Association meeting. This is echoed by an editorial in the Great Plains Examiner.
On March 21, 2013, the State Board of Higher Education passed a Resolution in support of Dr. Shirvani expressing that the Board “endorses and gives its full support to the chancellor for his dedication and perseverance in endeavoring to improve the quality of public higher education in North Dakota.”
At the annual retreat of the ND Board of Higher Education, the board went into executive session to discuss Shirvani's job performance and related proposals. At the end of that session it was announced that the board bought out the remaining two years of the employment contract at a cost of over $800,000.
He was released from his contract on June 3, 2013.
Briar Cliff University
Shirvani resigned as president of Briar Cliff University after just over a year.
Awards and recognition
In 2007 and again in 2009, the statewide student government body of the 23-campus California State University system recognized Shirvani as “President of the Year.”
Publications
Shirvani has authored three books: Design Review Process, 1981; The Urban Design Process, 1985;
and Beyond Public Architecture, 1990.
Shirvani has also published several dozen papers in various referred and professional journals. In addition, he has authored numerous commentaries and editorials in the Times Higher Education, Inside Higher Education, Chronicle of Higher Education, and local newspapers.
References
External links
List of books by author Hamid Shirvani - Open Library
Will a Culture of Entitlement Bankrupt Higher Education?
Future of higher education in North Dakota
1950 births
Living people
Iranian emigrants to the United States
Knights of Malta
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
Heads of universities and colleges in the United States
Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Pratt Institute alumni
Princeton University alumni
Pennsylvania State University faculty
State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry faculty
University of North Dakota faculty
California State University, Stanislaus faculty
Chapman University faculty
Queens College, City University of New York faculty
University of Massachusetts Lowell faculty
University of Colorado Denver faculty
American architects |
4018214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REF | REF | REF or Ref may refer to:
People with the name
Ref, pseudonym of Belgian comics artist René Follet
Ref Sanchez (1917–1986), American actor and photographer
Arts, entertainment, and media
The Marriage Ref (U.S. TV series), 2010
The Ref, a 1994 film
Organizations
Rapid Equipping Force, or REF, a US Army unit
Renewable Energy Foundation, or REF, an independent energy think-tank in the UK
Réseau des Émetteurs Français, or REF, a French organization for amateur radio enthusiasts
Roma Education Fund, or REF
Other uses
Referee, or Ref, in sports
Research Excellence Framework, or REF, a UK higher education research impact evaluation
Row echelon form, or REF, a possible form of a matrix |
4018219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conland%E2%80%93Whitehead%20Highway | Conland–Whitehead Highway | The Whitehead Highway (also known as the Conland–Whitehead Highway, and frequently misspelled as Conlin–Whitehead Highway), is a short spur from Interstate 91 (I-91) in Hartford, Connecticut leading to the State Capitol at Pulaski Circle. Constructed above the Park River Conduit, the highway underwent rehabilitation from 2004–2005.
Route description
It is signed as "Exit 29A – Capitol Area" on I-91 and has the unsigned designation of State Road 598 (SR 598). There are two intermediate exits (at Columbus Boulevard and Prospect Street) from the highway before its western terminus at Pulaski Circle.
History
The highway opened in 1945 and was initially named for Henry F. Conland, publisher of the Hartford Courant and chair of a city bridge commission. That December, it was renamed after Ulmont I. "Monty" Whitehead, Jr., the first resident of Hartford to die in World War II. Whitehead, a 1933 graduate of Bulkeley High School in Hartford, graduated in 1940 from the U.S. Naval Academy, where he starred in football. On December 7, 1941, Whitehead was serving at Pearl Harbor on the battleship U.S.S. Arizona, which blew up and sank in the opening minutes of the Japanese attack, killing Whitehead and 1,176 other sailors. The name is frequently misspelled - even by the Connecticut Department of Transportation - as "Conlin Whitehead Highway".
Whitehead Highway was originally to be part of Interstate 484, an auxiliary route of I-84. The highway was to be upgraded via straightening and bridge improvements and brought through a short tunnel under the state capitol to connect to I-84 at exit 48. This would have reduced the traffic load at the intersection of I-91 and I-84 in downtown Hartford. Today, the role of redirecting traffic from I-91 to I-84 is handled by I-691, which serves as a southern bypass of Hartford. The extension, first proposed in 1968, was cancelled in 1983 due to local opposition. The route was never signed as I-484.
Junction list
See also
References
External links
kurumi.com - SR 598
Map of SR 598
State highways in Connecticut
Transportation in Hartford, Connecticut
Transportation in Hartford County, Connecticut
Interstate 84 (Pennsylvania–Massachusetts) |
4018234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetting-down | Wetting-down | Wetting-down is a raucous ceremony for newly promoted officers observed in the U.S. and Royal navies, and the U.S. Coast Guard. The U.S. Marines, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Corps, and U.S. Public Health Service officers also participate in this custom as homage to their naval heritage.
Procedure
The wetting-down celebration is always paid for and hosted by the newly promoted officer, who invites his or her friends, which usually include several officers of the same rank at which he or she has most recently served. It is customary for the officer to spend the difference between their pay at their old rank and their pay at the new rank on the bar tab for their guests.
Normally the party occurs at a bar or pub frequented by officers. Being located in a bar, there is typically a great deal of drinking of alcohol. There must always be at least one ceremonial toast. Friends present several rowdy speeches expressing their appreciation of the new officer's good comradeship and endearing faults. Often one of the speeches describes an embarrassing event in the new officer's career which occurred under the old rank, although this latter variety of speech is sometimes discouraged in order to avoid providing evidence pertinent to a disciplinary hearing.
Improvisations
A wetting-down party is informal and improvisations on the ceremony are the rule, not the exception.
The senior officer present may make the final speech, or if present, the commanding officer who made the promotion can make the final speech. Sometimes the final speech is presented by the new officer's father, especially if he has served in a navy. Although, for particularly exuberant wetting-down parties, parents and senior officers are not usually invited and the honor falls to one of the new officer's close friends.
History
The "wetting down" for such a party term comes from the historical practice of wetting new rank insignia to give it a more weathered appearance. In most navies, officers's rank insignia consists of gold braiding in the form of stripes on the cuff, epaulets, and (historically) arrangements of gold braid on buttonholes, collars, etc. Upon promotion, a newly added stripe or epaulet would stand out against the more weathered gold braiding already on the uniform. Newly promoted officers would literally soak the new gold braid (usually with either seawater or an alcoholic beverage) to make it appear older so that the promotion would not look as recent. Modern wetting down parties may or may not include some version of, or homage to, this ritual, such as pouring beer over the officer's head or forcing her or him to jump fully-uniformed into the ocean.
In popular culture
In an episode of the American TV series, Major Dad, 2nd Lt. "Gene" Holowachuk (Matt Mulhern) is promoted to 1st Lt. and is, therefore, obliged to throw his fellow officers a wetting-down ceremony. However, Holowachuk wants the ceremony to be alcohol-free since he does not drink liquor. The episode, titled, "Wetting-Down", originally aired on October 22, 1990.
This ceremony was also shown in Star Trek Generations when Lt Worf was promoted to Lt Cmdr and dropped into the holographic ocean in the holodeck.
In Nature of the Beast, the ninth season opener, originally aired on September 20, 2011, of TV series NCIS, Probationary Officer Ziva David (Cote de Pablo) receives her ID badges and shield which means she is officially a special agent of NCIS. David wants to go out and celebrate and Timothy McGee (Sean Harland Murray) implies she means a wetting-down, but Ziva thinks he is referring to a wedding because of the language barrier. Gibbs (Mark Harmon) corrects her and explains it means she is paying.
See also
Rite of passage
References
Naval ceremonies
Rites of passage |
4018241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid%20Equipping%20Force | Rapid Equipping Force | The Rapid Equipping Force (REF) was a United States Army organization headquartered in Fort Belvoir, Virginia. The organization was charged with quickly providing Army units deployed globally with innovative government off-the-shelf and commercially available solutions that address urgent requirements within 180 days or less. The REF was able to do this through unique authorities and by maintaining a presence near the point of need. REF personnel were positioned in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Kuwait and mobile laboratories are available for quick solutions. Additionally, the REF empowered the Army at a grassroots level, enabling individual soldiers to communicate needs directly through simple request forms.
Along with leveraging existing technology to meet urgent needs of Army forces deployed globally, the REF also informed longer-term materiel development for the future force. In October 2020, the Army announced it would dissolve the Asymmetric Warfare Group and the Rapid Equipping Force, by year-end FY2021 (September 30, 2021).
Mission
The REF provides innovative materiel solutions to meet the urgent requirements of U.S. Army forces employed globally, informs materiel development for the future force, and on order expands to meet operational demands.
Functions
The REF lines of support fall into four distinct categories: assess, equip, insert, and inform. Its primary function is to equip units with technologies that fill identified capability gaps. The REF provides training on these technologies downrange and at home-stations. It can insert selected future force solutions for operational evaluation in addition to providing new capabilities not readily available in the existing Army inventory. Finally, the REF constantly identifies and assesses emerging technologies and Army practices concerning operational needs affecting force readiness.
Organization overview
The REF is structured to integrate three distinct functions to provide the Army with a responsive, rapid acquisition organization. First, the REF Director has the unique authority to validate requirements. Second, the REF has acquisition authority and provided by the United States Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology chartered Project Manager housed within REF’s chain of command. Finally, the REF receives funding from a variety of sources, allowing it the flexibility to support Soldiers deployed around the world.
These three pillars of authority allow REF to quickly insert solutions into theater in weeks rather than years. REF aims to deliver items into Soldiers’ hands within 90 days, and has even provided a solution in 72 hours after learning of an urgent need.
The REF can receive requests for support from any soldier, from a private to the Chief of Staff of the Army. These requests are submitted via a simple document called a "10-Liner" that prompts soldiers to describe the capability gaps they are facing downrange or as they prepare to deploy. From that information, the REF team begins the analysis and procurement process in order to best equip the requesting unit.
It is important to note that the REF equips specific units, not the entirety of the Army. If a solution is applicable to a larger portion of the Army, REF works with partner organizations to transition technologies to project managers who can then field the equipment to a larger portion of the Army.
History
The REF was created in 2002 after U.S. soldiers realized the need for non-standard equipment to meet the demands of new terrain, warfare tactics and their assigned missions. Since then, the REF has met challenges as diverse as enhancing soldier mobility, providing improved surveillance in austere locations, equipping operational energy sources and enhancing communications.
The 2004 REF Charter and Implementation Guidance and Coordination memo, signed by Lieutenant General Richard A. Cody, formalized REF’s "equip," "insert," "assess" functions. The excerpt below outlines how each line of support would shape REF’s mission.
"The REF will identify and evaluate emerging technologies, concepts, and surrogates to estimate/approximate threshold capabilities, while simultaneously providing operationally relevant capabilities to our combat forces within a time frame relevant to current operations… It is my intent to insert critical future technologies and capabilities into the current force while continuously shaping the future force and accelerating its evolution. Therefore, I direct expansion of the mission of the REF to encompass two additional critical functions:
First, the REF will analyze relevant technologies and capabilities that exist in the Army’s laboratory, developmental systems, other Services and Federal Agencies, and international sources, and when appropriate, bring these capabilities into an operational environment to examine and evaluate the concepts and their effectiveness. If suitable, the REF will assess the potential to accelerate fielding and the contribution such fielding would make to increased combat effectiveness.
Second, REF initiatives will serve as the testbed to construct a model for lasting change and improvement of Army business practices and to better streamline Army Acquisition processes. Establish a continuous feedback process to provide lessons learned and best practices identified through the rapid equipping process to the relevant staff and US Army Major Command (MACOMs). The Army Acquisition Executive (AAE), with the support of the REF, will use REF initiatives to develop a process to transfer REF initiatives to a fast-tracked fielding program of selected systems. The Assistant Secretary of the Army, Financial Management and Comptroller, in coordination with the Chief of Legislative Liaison and the REF, will develop a concept and Congressional strategy to support significant Army reprogramming actions and request modifications to laws as necessary to facilitate rapid acquisition when acceleration of future technologies contribute significant combat power to the force in the near term."
In January 2014, the REF was deemed critical by the Army and transitioned to the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command.
Discontinuation
On October 2, 2020, the Department of the Army announced the discontinuation of the REF as the U.S. Army transitions from counter-insurgency operations to a focus on multi-domain operations and large scale combat operations. TRADOC directed the orderly closure of REF facilities, transfer of equipment and property, and transition of military and civilian personnel (to support other army efforts). The REF will complete the transition no later than September 30, 2021.
Projects
The REF mitigates capability gaps across the spectrum of warfighter function areas and has supported many projects as listed below.
PackBot: Remote-Controlled, full sensor package capable tracked vehicle
Magnetometer: Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) ultra-sensitive metal detecting wand
Wellcam: Complete man-portable video system to search wells
Armor Kit: 4-door vehicle protection kit equipped to units during Operation Iraqi Freedom
PILAR: Acoustically based, fully passive system that determines sniper fire direction on LCD screen
Talon Robot: A man-portable robot used for the disposal of IEDs and other dangerous explosives
Boomerang Counter-Fire Detection: A gunfire locator that uses microphone sensors to detect where shots originate
Minotaur: A robotic loader with front mine rollers to support dismounted operations
Raven: A hand-launched, remote controlled unmanned aerial vehicle for surveillance
Tactical Aerostats: Smaller aerostats used as ISR and communications platforms
Pole Cam: Extendable pole-mounted camera with a handheld receiver for situational awareness
Rapid Deployment Integrated Surveillance System (RDISS): System to monitor movement near remote FOBs and COPs
Man-Portable Line Charge (MPLC): Backpack-packaged clearing charge to disrupt IED trigger mechanisms
The REF currently supports priority equipping efforts over a wide range of challenges including solutions for subterranean operations, electronic warfare, unmanned and counter-unmanned aerial systems, intelligence, and expeditionary force protection.
References
External links
Official REF Website
Official U.S. Army Website
Official TRADOC Website
"Army Rapid Equipping Force Taking Root, Chief Says," National Defense, October 2006
"Mobile Labs Build On-the-Spot Combat Solutions," Military News, 17 August 2012
“Army 'can't afford' not to have Rapid Equipping Force, leader says,” Army.mil, 18 October 2013
"Army Confirms Rapid Equipping Force as ‘Enduring’" Army News Service, 3 February 2014
"How to Run the Pentagon: Letters to the Editor Regarding ‘Running the Pentagon Right,’" Foreign Affairs, May/June 2014
"Battlefield tech demands: Rapid Equipping Force preps for surge with new Army brigades," Defense News, 27 February 2018
“Rapid Equipping Force to deliver new electronic warfare platforms,” C4ISRNET 9 August 2018
"Rapid Equipping Force in Afghanistan enables Soldiers' ideas into battlefield solutions," Army.mil, 15 November 2018
"Rapid Response: Unit Works to Quickly Fulfill Urgent Requests" AUSA Army Magazine, 20 August 2019
"Still in service: ‘Ex Lab’ is the US Army’s problem-solving MacGyver," Defense News, 14 October 2019
"Temperature checks begin at Commissary," Belvoir Eagle, 8 April2020
"Army REF deploys thermal imaging sensors," Army.mil, 1 May 2020
"Army REF Expands Thermal Imaging Sensors Deployment Effort," DVIDS, 21 May 2020
"FIGHTING COVID-19 -- Fort Rucker brings new asset to bear in protecting force, mission, surrounding communities," Army.mil, 5 June 2020
"Army to discontinue AWG, REF efforts next year," Army.mil, 2 October 2020
"Army to discontinue Asymmetric Warfare Group and Rapid Equipping Force," Army.mil, 2 October 2020
United States Army organization |
4018253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Elliott | William Elliott | William Elliott may refer to:
In the arts
William Elliott (lieutenant) (died 1792), lieutenant in the Royal Navy and marine painter
William Elliott (engraver) (1727–1766), English engraver
Wild Bill Elliott (1904–1965), American film actor sometimes credited as Bill Elliott; birth name Gordon Nance
William Elliott (actor, born 1934) (1934–1983), American stage and film actor
William Elliott (actor, born 1879) (1879–1932), American stage and film actor
Will Elliott (born 1979), Australian horror fiction writer
William A. Elliott, art director
In military
William Elliott (lieutenant) (died 1792), lieutenant in the Royal Navy and marine painter
William Henry Elliott (1792–1874), British general
Sir William Elliot (RAF officer) (1896–1971), senior RAF commander during WWII
William Elliott (RAF officer) (1898–1979), World War I flying ace
In politics and government
William Yandell Elliott (1896–1979), American historian and political advisor
William Elliott, Baron Elliott of Morpeth (1920–2011), British Conservative party politician, MP 1957–1983
William J. S. Elliott, Commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
William Elliott (American politician) (1838–1907), U.S. congressman from South Carolina
William Elliott (Peel MP) (1834–1912), member of the Canadian House of Commons representing Peel, 1878–1882
William Elliott (Pennsylvania politician), Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, 1872–1873
William Elliott (Saskatchewan politician) (1863–1934), member of the Northwest Territories legislature 1898–1905 and Saskatchewan assembly 1905–1912
William Elliott (Upper Canada politician) (1775–? or later), politician in Upper Canada
William Elliott (Ontario politician) (1872–1944), Progressive Party member of the Canadian House of Commons
William Herbert Elliott (1872–?), businessman and political figure in Ontario
In sports
William Elliott (writer) (1788–1863), South Carolinian sportsman and writer
William Elliott (rower) (1849–?), English professional sculling champion
William Elliott (cricketer) (1842–?), English cricketer
See also
William Elliot (disambiguation)
Billy Elliot (disambiguation)
William Eliot (disambiguation) |
4018271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.120 | T.120 | T.120 is a suite of point-to-multipoint communication protocols for teleconferencing, videoconferencing, and computer-supported collaboration. It provides for application sharing, online chat, file sharing, and other functions. The protocols are standardised by the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T).
T.120 has been implemented in various real-time collaboration programmes, including WebEx and NetMeeting. IBM Sametime switched from the T.120 protocols to HTTP(S) in version 8.5.
The prefix T designates the ITU subcommittee that developed the standard, but it is not an abbreviation. The ITU (re)assigns these prefixes to committees incrementally and in alphabetic order.
The T.123 standard specifies that T.120 protocols use network port 1503 when communicating over TCP/IP.
Components
See also
References
External links
ITU-T recommendations
ITU-T T Series Recommendations |
4018275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco%20Dav%C3%ADn | Franco Davín | Franco Davín (; born January 11, 1970) is a tennis coach and a former tennis player from Argentina.
Davín won his first ATP-tour match at 15 years, 1 month against Hans Gildemeister in Buenos Aires. He holds the Open Era record for being the youngest player to win a tour level main draw match. Davín won three singles tournaments on the ATP Tour, and reached a career-high singles ranking of World No. 30 in October 1990.
He coached fellow countryman Juan Martín del Potro until July 2015, and was the captain of the Argentine Davis Cup team. Under Davín's tutelage, Del Potro won the 2009 US Open, defeating Rafael Nadal in the semi-finals and Roger Federer in the final en route to the championship. Davín also coached Gastón Gaudio when he won the 2004 French Open and Grigor Dimitrov from 2015 to 2016. He is currently coaching Cristian Garín.
Tennis career
Juniors
Davín had an excellent junior career, reaching the US Open Boys' Singles final and winning the French Open Boys' Doubles (both in 1986).
Pro tour
Turning professional in 1987, Davín's best slam performance was reaching the quarterfinals of the 1991 French Open, where he defeated experienced clay-courter Martín Jaite as well as Christian Bergström, Marián Vajda and Arnaud Boetsch en route before losing to Michael Stich.
Coaching
In addition to working with Gaudio, del Potro, and Dimitrov, Davín has mentored Guillermo Coria, Fabio Fognini, and in 2020 Kyle Edmund. As of November 2020, he coaches Cristian Garín.
In June 2020, Davín tested positive for COVID-19.
Personal life
Davín resides in Key Biscayne with his wife Mariana, his daughter Juana, and his son Nacho.
Junior Grand Slam finals
Singles: 1 (1 runner-up)
Doubles: 1 (1 runner-up)
ATP career finals
Singles: 9 (3 titles, 6 runner-ups)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 6 (4–2)
Doubles: 1 (0–1)
Performance timeline
Singles
Notes
References
External links
1970 births
Argentine male tennis players
French Open junior champions
Living people
Sportspeople from Buenos Aires Province
Argentine tennis coaches
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' doubles |
4018288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Biggest%20Fan | The Biggest Fan | The Biggest Fan is a film featuring the band Dream Street (Chris Trousdale, Jesse McCartney, Matt Ballinger, Frankie J. Galasso and Greg Raposo). The main characters are Chris Trousdale (playing himself) and his "Biggest Fan" Debbie Worden (Kaila Amariah). It was made in 2002 just before the band split because of the problems between their parents and producers; however, the film's release was postponed pending the outcome of a lawsuit between some of the band members and the band's management. Chris Trousdale is prominently featured in the film, while the other Dream Street members have cameo roles in the beginning and the end of the film. Trousdale promoted the film at his concerts after filming was complete. The Biggest Fan was finally released on DVD on May 18, 2005 (USA/Canada) and in 2007 (Australia). The soundtrack was released by Edel.
Plot
Debbie's favorite band is Dream Street, and her favorite member is Chris Trousdale. When Chris gets a fever while travelling on the Dream Street tour, in a haze, he strays away and ends up in Debbie's bed, much to the shock of his "Biggest Fan", who thinks she's in heaven. Debbie proposes that Chris stay with her and he agrees. So, over the week they spend time together and she secretly hides him so he can escape the pressures of being a pop star for a little while. Chris even attends high school with Debbie, while disguised as a nerd. Meanwhile, the band's managers are going crazy at the loss of the star, thinking he has been kidnapped. At the end of the week Debbie and Chris (in disguise) go to her high school prom where two jealous popular girls figure out Chris's true identity and tell the police about Chris's whereabouts, splitting him and Debbie up.
They are eventually reunited on stage at a concert, ending in a sweet, final kiss and a performance by Dream Street.
Cast
Actors who appeared in the movie include:
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was released by Sony Music Entertainment through Columbia Records on December 23, 2002. Songs from this release and their eponymous album appear in the film. 3 out of the 11 tracks are from RubyBlue, Dream Street's labelmates from Edel Entertainment.
All songs are performed by Dream Street unless stated and noted.
Notes
signifies a remixer
"I Miss You" is sometimes labelled as a 'New Version' since it consist of new vocal even though this is the first time it is released.
RubyBlue is erroneously credited as "Ruby Blue"
References
External links
2002 films
2002 drama films
American teen films
American teen comedy-drama films
American teen drama films
American teen romance films
American high school films
American docudrama films
Films about music and musicians |
4018289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20L.%20Conger | Arthur L. Conger | Arthur Latham Conger Jr. (January 30, 1872 – February 22, 1951) was an officer in the United States Army and an author and editor. A veteran of the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War, Boxer Rebellion, Pancho Villa Expedition, and World War I, he attained the rank of colonel and devised the World War I deception known as the Belfort Ruse. A noted theosophist, he served as president of Theosophical Society Pasadena.
A native of Akron, Ohio, Conger attended Harvard College and the Episcopal Theological Seminary, then worked at the Theosophy Society's main office in New York City. He joined the Army during the Spanish–American War, and served in the Philippines. He continued to serve in the Philippines during the Philippine–American War, and was part of the American contingent that took part in responding to China's Boxer Rebellion. He served on the U.S.-Mexico border during the Pancho Villa Expedition.
During World War I, Conger served as assistant chief of staff for Intelligence (G-2) on the staff of the 2nd Division, and then as a member of the Intelligence directorate (G-2) on the staff of the American Expeditionary Forces headquarters. While on the AEF staff, Conger was the lead planner for a summer 1918 deception which became known as the Belfort Ruse. This effort to deceive German commanders into allocating forces away from Saint-Mihiel was intended to produce an Allied advantage during an upcoming offensive. At the ensuing Battle of Saint-Mihiel, the Allied numerical superiority produced by Conger's deception surprised the Germans and caused a rapid Allied victory. After this success, Conger was assigned to command the 56th Infantry Brigade, which he led until the end of the war.
After World War I, Conger commanded the 20th Infantry Regiment and served as U.S. military attaché in Berlin, Germany and Bern, Switzerland. He retired in 1928. After leaving the military, Conger renewed his interest in theosophy. In 1945 he elected president of Theosophical Society Pasadena, and he served until his death. He died in Pasadena, California on February 22, 1951.
Early life
Arthur L. Conger Jr., was born in Akron, Ohio, on January 30, 1872. He was the second of four children born to Arthur L. Conger Sr. and Emily (Bronson) Conger. The senior Conger was a Union Army veteran of the American Civil War, member of the Ohio National Guard, prominent businessman, and Republican Party leader. He was also a high-ranking Mason, and attained the Knight Templar degree of the York Rite and 32nd degree of the Scottish Rite. Emily Conger was prominent in the Daughters of the American Revolution, Order of the Eastern Star, and Women's Relief Corps. She was the author of An Ohio Woman in the Philippines, and in 1903 became qualified as a doctor of osteopathic medicine.
The younger Conger was nicknamed "Whit" because as a boy he was often found whittling with a pocket knife, and he was educated in the public schools of Akron. When Conger was 13, his older brother Kenyon sustained severe injuries in a bicycle accident. His doctor recommended foreign travel as part of his treatment, so Kenyon Conger, Arthur Conger and another companion spent a year visiting the British Isles, Continental Europe, the Mediterranean coast, and the Near East.
As a youth, Conger began the study of music. He became an accomplished piano and organ player, and frequently gave concerts, played at church services, and participated in entertainment programs. He continued to study music and music composition throughout his life, and maintained a lifelong interest in the piano and organ.
In 1890, Conger began attendance at Harvard College, where he was a member of the fencing team, chess club, whist club, Hasty Pudding Institute of 1770, and Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. Conger left college without graduating; he later completed his graduation requirements, and in 1908 Harvard awarded him an A.B. degree as a member of the class of 1894. While at Harvard, Conger was introduced to theosophy, and he became a member of the Theosophical Society on June 16, 1892.
Start of career
Prior to attending college, Conger had declined his father's request to join the senior Conger in the publishing business. After leaving college, Conger agreed to his parents' request that he attend the Episcopal Theological Seminary and consider becoming a member of the clergy. He attended for two years before informing his parents that his views had not changed, and he was committed to theosophy. After leaving the seminary, Conger moved to New York City to perform volunteer work at the Theosophy Society's general offices. He quickly made a favorable impression, and was soon working as leader Katherine Tingley's secretary. When the society founded the International Brotherhood League in 1897 to perform nonsectarian social work among convicts and the urban poor, Conger was elected the league's secretary.
In April 1898, Conger's family cut him off financially as a result of his continuing commitment to theosophy. To support himself, Conger enlisted in the United States Army. Joining Company "M", 12th New York Infantry, United States Volunteers as a corporal, Conger took part in the Spanish–American War and soon earned promotion to sergeant. Later that year, Conger's application for a regular army commission was approved and he was appointed a second lieutenant in the 18th Infantry Regiment. In 1899, he was promoted to first lieutenant in the 4th Infantry, and he was subsequently transferred back to the 18th Infantry. Conger took part in combat in Cuba and the Philippines during both the Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War, and received a brevet promotion to captain in 1900 to recognize his heroism during the Panay campaign. Conger was later accused in the November 1900 water cure torturing of two Filipino local officials. His superior officer, Edwin Forbes Glenn was convicted at court-martial, but Glenn's subordinates, including Conger, were not charged.
Military historian
From 1901 to 1903, Conger served in the Philippines as aide-de-camp to Major General Robert Patterson Hughes. In addition, he was part of the U.S. contingent that served in China during the American response to the Boxer Rebellion. In 1905, he was promoted to captain in the 29th Infantry and graduated from the Army's Infantry and Cavalry School. He was also a 1906 graduate of the United States Army Command and General Staff College.
After graduating from the staff college, Conger became a member of the faculty, and taught from 1907 to 1910 and 1913 to 1916. In the interregnum, Conger studied German military history at Berlin University and Heidelberg University, where Hans Delbrück taught Conger his critical examination method. He then served with the 29th Infantry at Fort Niagara, New York.
As an instructor, Conger required students to conduct independent research on military events including the American Civil War's 1862 Peninsular campaign. Using original sources from the Fort Leavenworth post library, students researched topics of interest, then prepared and presented papers. Conger's innovations added depth to the curriculum, and provided students with lessons learned that they could apply in similar situations in the future.
Conger was promoted to major in 1915 and later that year he conducted a seminar on military history at Harvard University. In 1916, he co-founded and became editor of a quarterly magazine, The Military Historian & Economist. During the Pancho Villa Expedition, Conger served on the U.S.-Mexico border as a member of the 26th Infantry Regiment.
World War I
At the start of World War I, Conger was promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel and assigned as assistant chief of staff for Intelligence (G-2) on the staff of the 2nd Division. Later assigned to the Intelligence directorate (G-2) on the staff of the American Expeditionary Forces headquarters, Conger was the chief planner of a military deception effort that became known as the Belfort Ruse. This deception, which attempted to convince German commander Erich Ludendorff that the American First Army would go on the offensive at Belfort rather than at Saint-Mihiel in the fall of 1918, was intended to cause Ludendorff to allocate forces away from First Army's attack. Uncertain of which area was the real location of the planned offensive, Ludendorff held forces in reserve, positioned to move to either Saint-Mihiel or Belfort. As a result, First Army had numerical superiority and the advantage of surprise when it commenced the Battle of Saint-Mihiel, which produced an American victory and the capture or flight of Ludendorff's reserves.
After promotion to temporary colonel, Conger commanded the 56th Infantry Brigade. He led this command from the Meuse–Argonne offensive until the end of the war.
Post-World War I
Following the war, Conger served on the Command and General Staff College faculty. He then attended the United States Army War College, from which he graduated in 1920. He was promoted to permanent lieutenant colonel on July 1, 1920, and permanent colonel on April 27, 1921. From 1921 to 1923, he commanded the 20th Infantry Regiment at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. In 1924, Conger was assigned as a U.S. military attaché, and he served in Berlin, Germany and Bern, Switzerland.
While serving in Berlin, Conger was permitted to attend a senior German military officers' course on the condition that he not reveal any details about the school or its curriculum. He retired from the military on October 31, 1928.
Later life
In the early 1920s, Conger began to rekindle his Theosophical Society activities. In 1932, he became president of the society's American Section. He resigned in 1933 because he was struggling with the effects of Parkinson's disease, but resumed the post in 1939. In 1945, he was elected head of the Theosophical Society. He served until his death, and his leadership tenure was notable for the move of the society's headquarters from Covina, California to nearby Pasadena. Conger died in Pasadena on February 22, 1951.
Family
On February 8, 1902, Conger married Margaret Loring Guild. Also active in the Theosophical Society, she was the compiler of the Combined Chronology, a work intended as a companion to The Mahatma Letters to A.P. Sinnett and The Letters of H. P. Blavatsky to A. P. Sinnett. Margaret Conger died in 1945, and in 1950 Conger married Martha Franklin (1878–1959).
Awards
Conger received the Silver Citation Star to recognize his heroism during the Philippine–American War, which was later converted to the Silver Star. His World War I service was recognized with award of the Army Distinguished Service Medal, French Legion of Honor (Officer) and Croix de Guerre, and British Order of St Michael and St George (Companion).
Published works
As author
The Function of Military History Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 1916.
President Lincoln As War Statesman. State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1916.
The Military Education of Grant As General. Menasha, 1921.
The Rise of U.S. Grant. The Century Co., 1931.
"The Military Education of Grant as General." Wisconsin Magazine of History (1921): 239–262. online
As editor
Judge, William Quan: Practical Occultism: From the Private Letters of William Q. Judge. Theosophical University Press, Pasadena 1951
Purucker, Gottfried de: The Dialogues of G. de Purucker: Report of Sessions. Theosophical University Press, Covina 1948
References
Further reading
Nenninger, Timothy K. The Leavenworth Schools and the Old Army: Education, Professionalism, and the Officer Corps of the United States Army, 1881–1918 (Greenwood, 1978).
Reardon, Carol. Soldiers and Scholars: The US Army and the Uses of Military History, 1865–1920 ( University Press of Kansas, 1990).
1872 births
1951 deaths
People from Akron, Ohio
People from Pasadena, California
Harvard College alumni
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
United States Army Command and General Staff College faculty
United States Army War College alumni
American Theosophists
United States military attachés
United States Army colonels
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
American military personnel of the Philippine–American War
American military personnel of the Boxer Rebellion
United States Army personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Silver Star
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George |
4018298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%2C%20Boveri%20%26%20Cie | Brown, Boveri & Cie | Brown, Boveri & Cie. (Brown, Boveri & Company; BBC) was a Swiss group of electrical engineering companies.
It was founded in Zürich, in 1891 by Charles Eugene Lancelot Brown and Walter Boveri who worked at the Maschinenfabrik Oerlikon. In 1970 BBC took over the Maschinenfabrik Oerlikon. In 1988 it merged with ASEA to form ABB.
Early History of BBC Brown Boveri
BBC Brown Boveri was established in 1891. The company was one of only a few multinational corporations to operate subsidiaries that were larger than the parent company. Because of the limitations of the Swiss domestic market, Brown Boveri established subsidiaries throughout Europe relatively early in its history, and at times had difficulty maintaining managerial control over some of its larger operating units. The merger with ASEA, a company which was praised for its strong management, was expected to help Brown Boveri reorganize and reassert control over its vast international network.
Activity in Britain
Brown Boveri's early activities included manufacturing electrical components such as electric motors for locomotives and power-generating equipment for Europe's railway systems. In 1919 the company entered into a licensing agreement with the British manufacturing firm Vickers which gave the British firm the right to manufacture and sell Brown Boveri products throughout the British Empire and in some parts of Europe. The agreement gave Brown Boveri a significant amount of money and the promise of substantial annual revenue, and also helped the company expand into foreign markets at a time when protectionist policies inhibited international expansion.
Activity in Continental Europe
In the early 1920s, Brown Boveri, already a geographically diversified company with successful operating subsidiaries in Italy, Germany, Norway, Austria, and the Balkans, suffered losses due to the devaluation of the French franc and the German mark. At the same time, in the Swiss domestic market, production costs increased while sales remained static, causing the company further losses. In 1924 Brown Boveri devalued its capital by 30 percent to cover the losses it had incurred. In 1927 the agreement with Vickers ran out and was not renewed. Besides the arrangement Brown Boveri had had with this British firm, it also had a somewhat similar relationship with Netherlands-based which lasted well into the early 1960s when the Heemaf led the creation of Holec (Holland Electric).
Growth
During the same time, Brown Boveri's various subsidiaries grew rapidly. Industrialization throughout Europe created strong demand for the company's heavy electrical equipment. Italy's burgeoning railroad industry provided a particularly strong boost to Brown Boveri's Italian subsidiary, and the company's German facility actually did considerably more business than the Swiss parent. For the next few decades Brown Boveri grew as fast as technological developments in electrical engineering. Each of the company's subsidiaries tended to develop individually, as if it were a domestic company in the country in which it operated, and broad geographic coverage helped insulate the parent from severe crises when a certain region experienced economic difficulties.
After World War II
After World War II, the Cold War presented a variety of business opportunities for defense-related electrical contractors, but Brown Boveri's subsidiaries were seen as foreign companies in many of the countries in which they operated, sometimes making it difficult for the company to win lucrative contracts involving sensitive technology and other government contracts. The company, nevertheless, excelled at power generation, including nuclear power generators, and prospered in this field. Electrification in the Third World also provided Brown Boveri with substantial profits.
Reorganization of Brown Boveri in 1970
In 1970 Brown Boveri began an extensive reorganization. The company's subsidiaries were divided into five groups: German, French, Swiss, "medium-sized" (seven manufacturing bases in Europe and Latin America), and Brown Boveri International (the remaining facilities). Each of these groups was further broken down into five product divisions: power generation, electronics, power distribution, traction equipment, and industrial equipment.
The United States
Throughout the 1970s, Brown Boveri struggled to expand into the US market. The company negotiated a joint venture with Rockwell, the American manufacturer of high-tech military and aerospace applications, but the deal collapsed when the two companies could not agree on financial terms. Brown Boveri had a handful of major U.S. customers as its clients, among them large utilities such as the Tennessee Valley Authority and American Electric Power's Nuclear Plant in southwest Michigan DC Cook Unit 2 steam turbine. Brown Boveri's American market share was low considering the company's international standing (North American sales accounted for only 3.5% of total sales in 1974 and 1975), and the company continued to seek entry into U.S. markets.
Great Britain
During the electrification of the British West Coast Main Line in the early 1970s, Brown Boveri traction insulators were used.
In 1974 Brown Boveri acquired the British controls and instrument manufacturer, George Kent Group. The deal at first raised concern in Britain over foreign ownership of such highly sensitive technology, but Brown Boveri prevailed with the encouragement of George Kent's rank-and-file employees, who feared the alternative of being bought by General Electric Company. The newly acquired company was renamed Brown Boveri Kent.
The Middle East and Africa
In the mid-1970s growing demand in the Middle East for large power-generating facilities distracted the company from its push into North America. Oil-rich African nations, like Nigeria, attempting to diversify their manufacturing capabilities also created new markets for Brown Boveri's heavy electrical engineering expertise.
The 1980s
In the early 1980s Brown Boveri's sales flattened out and the company's earnings declined. In 1983 Brown Boveri's German subsidiary in Mannheim, West Germany, which accounted for nearly half of the entire parent company's sales, rebounded. In spite of an increase in orders, the company's cost structure kept earnings down. In 1985 the subsidiary's performance improved as a result of cost-cutting measures but price decreases in the international market and unfavorable shifts in currency exchanges rates largely offset these gains. In 1986 the parent company acquired a significant block of shares in the Mannheim subsidiary, bringing its total stake to 75 percent.
Unification of research
In the later 1980s Brown Boveri took steps to reduce duplication of research and development among its various groups. While each subsidiary continued to do some product-development research for its individual market, theoretical research was unified under the parent company, making more efficient use of research funding.
Supercharger development
In 1987 the company introduced a supercharging system for diesel engines called Comprex. This system was capable of increasing an engine's horsepower by 35% and delivering up to 50% more torque at lower speeds. Japanese automaker Mazda planned to use the supercharger in its diesel passenger models.
Merger
In January 1988, Brown Boveri merged with ASEA to form Asea Brown Boveri.
Locomotives and railcars
Electric
SBB-CFF-FFS RABDe 12/12
SBB-CFF-FFS RBe 540
SBB-CFF-FFS RBDe 560
PRR O1
Gas turbine
SBB-CFF-FFS Am 4/6 1101
British Rail 18000
Trams
Tram 2000
Baltimore Light Rail LRV
Gallery
See also
Norsk Elektrisk & Brown Boveri
Société Anonyme des Ateliers de Sécheron
References
External links
Defunct manufacturing companies of Switzerland
Manufacturing companies established in 1891
Locomotive manufacturers of Switzerland
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1988
Swiss companies established in 1891
Swiss companies disestablished in 1988
Tram vehicles of Serbia |
4018311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Princesses%20of%20Bamarre | The Two Princesses of Bamarre | The Two Princesses of Bamarre is a 2001 novel by Gail Carson Levine, the author of Ella Enchanted and several other books. The story revolves around the lives of two sisters who are very close, but as different as night and day. When one of them falls victim to a deadly disease sweeping the kingdom, the other must find her inner strength and bravery to discover the cure, and save her elder sister.
Plot
Princess Adelina "Addie" is fearful and shy. Princess Meryl is bold and brave. They are sisters, and they mean the world to each other. Bamarre is plagued by a fatal disease called the Gray Death, which has three stages: Weakness, Sleep, and then Fever. While the weakness may last for hours to weeks, the sleep always lasts nine days, and the fever always lasts three. Bamarre also has specters, which lure travelers to their deaths unless exposed, sorcerers, ogres, dwarves, elves, gryphons, dragons, and fairies. Fairies, however, have not been seen since Drualt, Bamarre's greatest hero and subject of myths, went up to visit them after the tragic death of his sweetheart Freya.
The two princesses strike up a friendship with Rhys, the apprentice sorcerer helping their father. Soon after, Princess Meryl is suddenly struck ill with the Gray Death. Princess Addie has trouble coming to terms with the fact that Princess Meryl is going to die, while her elder sister tries in vain to prove her theory that the Gray Death might be cured if the person who is ill refuses to be sick, running when weak, staying awake when tired, etc. Since a prophecy from a long ago specter states that
The Gray Death will be cured
When cowards find courage
And rain falls over all Bamarre
When King Lionel returns just as cowardly as before, Princess Addie sets out to find the cure herself. Using a pair of seven-league boots and a magical spyglass from her deceased mother Queen Daria, a copy of Drualt, an camouflage cloak, a magic tablecloth from Rhys, some of Milton's herbs and Princess Meryl's sword Blood-Biter, Princess Addie successfully travels to the Mulee forest to find a specter, only to be tricked by one that took on the form of Rhys. The real Rhys makes her realize the truth, and she learns from the specter that a dragon would be her best bet for finding the cure. Rhys has to leave for the Sorcerers' Citadel, but not before Addie realizes that there's more behind their friendship.
After accidentally overcoming a pack of gryphons with her tablecloth, Princess Addie is found by the dragon Vollys and taken to her lair. Although dragons are solitary creatures, they are also lonely, so Princess Addie is forced to entertain Vollys to avoid a fiery demise in Vollys' stomach. She does this through her embroidery, which is her sole bold attribute. Although Princess Addie is terrified of the dragon, she learns that Vollys is always sad when she eats her "guests" after they have angered her one time too many. Princess Addie also learns the dragon version of Drualt's story, which portrays the hero as a villain who mercilessly kills noble dragons, including Vollys' mother. Vollys also tells Addie that the Gray Death came from her mother's corpse, a revenge for her death. Because she does not think Addie can escape, Vollys also tells Addie that the Gray Death can be cured by the water of a waterfall that flows from Mount Ziriat, the fairies' invisible mountain. She even tells Addie where the mountain is. Meanwhile, Addie learns through her spyglass that Meryl has entered the sleeping stage of the Gray Death, and later fever stage of the Gray Death.
Addie manages to escape Vollys with her boots, and returns to the castle. After reuniting with Rhys, Meryl tells Addie that she has until the next dawn to live. Addie tells them about the cure, and she and Rhys uses the seven-league boots to carry Meryl to the mountain. They end up outside the same village that refused to help Drualt's sweetheart due to their cowardice. Upon questioning, the isolated villagers say that although they have heard of the Gray Death, no one in the village has ever had it. The three also learn that all the villagers drink from a waterfall that comes from a mountain so tall and shrouded in mist that no one has ever seen it. Realizing that they are talking about Mount Ziriat, and the villagers are never sick because they drink the water, Rhys and the Princesses manage to find a few villagers courageous enough and willing to show them the waterfall, which is a few hours away, despite the dark night and the threat of ogres and gryphons. While they walk, Rhys confesses his love to Addie, and she does the same. Just as they reach the waterfall, though, the party is attacked by ogres, gryphons and an enraged Vollys. The sky begins to lighten, and Addie tells Meryl, who is having the time of her life in battle, to run to the water and drink. While she is running, though, Addie is caught by an ogre unexpectedly and screams in pain. Meryl runs back to rescue her when the first rays of sunlight come, just as rain begins to fall. Addie is knocked unconscious, Meryl falls to the ground, and wholes of light fly down.
When Addie wakes up, she learns from Meryl, who seems different somehow, that they were rescued by fairies and taken to the top of Mount Ziriat. The rain had fallen everywhere, curing all with the Gray Death except those who were too close to death to save. When Addie gained the courage to save her sister, and when the cowardly villagers redeemed themselves by helping Meryl and Addie, the fairies made water from their enchanted waterfall rain over all Bamarre. Meryl also tells Addie that she, too, was one of those on the brink of death when the rain came, so the fairies could not truly save her. However, they offered to transform her into a fairy and join them in an endless battle against fearsome, monstrous creatures, the outcome of which affects the world below. Meryl accepted the offer, and is now a fairy, unable to return with Addie. Addie also learns from Meryl that she is now with Drualt, who was also transformed after leaving Bamarre, and that he had been the presence Addie felt in her darkest hours, cheering her up and giving her the strength to go on. Rhys and Addie marry and live happily ever after, with Meryl as Fairy Godmother to their children and grandchildren, the first after hundreds of years. The book concludes with a Drault-like tale, recounting the adventures of the two Princesses of Bamarre.
Themes
Two of the book's major themes are courage in the face of fear and unconditional love between sisters. The weak Princess Addie, who fears leaving her comforts and facing difficulties, hides in the shadow of her brave and venturesome sister, Princess Meryl. When Meryl becomes sick with the Gray Death, Princess Addie emerges from her cocoon, her love for her sister overpowering her fear, and discovers a new strength and bravery. Worried for her sister, she uses her magic spyglass to observe Meryl, and her overpowering love pushes her forward.
References
2001 American novels
American young adult novels
American fantasy novels
HarperCollins books |
4018325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB%20Class%20111 | DB Class 111 | The Baureihe 111 is a class of electric locomotives built for the Deutsche Bundesbahn, and now owned by Deutsche Bahn AG.
History
Class 111 is the successor of the Class 110 express Einheitslokomotive. Since demand for fast electric locomotives was high even after production of the 110 ended, the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) decided to commission a new batch in the 1970s.
The bogies were replaced with a different type, significantly improving the locomotive's behaviour at higher speeds. The driver's cab also was significantly improved by the DB-Einheitsführerstand (jointly developed by the Bundesbahn-Zentralamt München and Krauss-Maffei and designed under ergonomic aspects) that was first used for Class 111 locos and whose basic layout nowadays still forms part of the cab design found in many of DB's locomotives and control cars. For the first time, a digital cab car interface in addition to the then-standard conventional interface was used in new DB locomotives.
The first locomotive, 111 001, left the Krauss-Maffei workshop in December 1974. Up to 1984, 226 more engines were produced, not only at Krauss-Maffei but also including parts from Henschel, Krupp, Siemens, AEG and BBC.
111 227 originally was supposed to be the last newly built conventional AC locomotive of the DB, as the Baureihe 120, using three-phase AC motors, was already being produced. However, after the German reunification it was decided to commission another batch of the Class 112, which had been developed by the East German railways. This decision was made mainly for political purposes.
In 1979 it was decided to use the Class 111 for the S-Bahn trains of the Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn. Hence, the engines 111 111 to 111 188 were delivered in S-Bahn colours and equipped with S-Bahn gear (destination displays, e.g.). In the same year, the Intercity was reformed under the InterCity '79 scheme and the network was enlarged. As it was foreseeable that the Class 103 engines would be stressed with that workload, the 111's licence was extended to a speed of , and from May 1980 onwards, the units could be found doing InterCity services.
Accidents
111 109 was involved in an accident in the station of Wels, Austria, crashing with the ÖBB 1042 560. The driver suffered only slight bruises, however 111 109 was dismantled on-site on August 29, 1981 and not rebuilt later.
On November 24, 2006, 111 004 crashed into a truck which unlawfully turned back on a railway crossing and was scrapped in May 2008 after reconstruction was rejected due to economical reasons. Nine people were injured in this incident.
On June 3, 2022, 111 035-2 was involved in the Garmisch-Partenkirchen train derailment. Five people were killed and 44 injured in this incident.
Trivia
The locomotive 111 111 carries the checksum 1. This is widely believed to be for cosmetic purposes (leading to a smooth looking 111 111-1 inscription) only, however the checksum is correct.
111 030 was the first of the series featuring an advertising livery, advertising the musical Tanz der Vampire (Dance of the Vampires) in 2002.
111 009-7 in a cream and blue livery was used for a 1:87 scale model by Roco.
A drawing of a Class 111 locomotive appeared on the cover of the Thomas Cook Continental Timetable for 12 years, starting in 1976 and continuing through 1987.
References
Bibliography
External links
European Railway Server
Electric locomotives of Germany
15 kV AC locomotives
111
Brown, Boveri & Cie locomotives
Siemens locomotives
Krauss-Maffei locomotives
Henschel locomotives
Krupp locomotives
AEG locomotives
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1974
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Passenger locomotives |
4018358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Nicholls%20%28actor%29 | Paul Nicholls (actor) | Gerard Paul Greenhalgh (born 12 April 1979), known professionally as Paul Nicholls, is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Joe Wicks in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, DS Sam Casey in the ITV drama Law & Order: UK, and Steve Bell in the Channel 4 drama Ackley Bridge.
Career
Nicholls made his television debut in 1990 at the age of 10, in Children's Ward. In 1994, he appeared in the BBC children's drama Earthfasts and The Biz, a teenage performing arts drama filmed at Hampton Court. In 1996, he appeared in an episode of Out of the Blue. Later that year, Nicholls began portraying the role of Joe Wicks in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, a role which he played until 1997.
Nicholls appeared in several teenage stage roles, notably as Aladdin in Aladdin - Genie of the Ring at the Central Theatre in Chatham (1996–1997), and he made his London stage debut as Billy Fisher in the 1998 production of Billy Liar, at the King's Head Theatre in Islington.
Nicholls' 2008 career began as the character Robert Fielding in Harley Street alongside Suranne Jones. He also played Harry Keegan in Secret Diary of a Call Girl, Judas in another BBC series entitled The Passion, and appeared in A Thing Called Love. He then appeared in the 2012 feature film Life Just Is.
Nicholls also appeared as Simon Marshall in the BBC hospital drama serial Holby City between May and July 2012, and played Cal Beckett in Channel 4's crime thriller, The Fear. He played the role of DS Sam Casey in ITV's Law & Order: UK until the end of series 7 in 2013.
From 2017 to 2018, Nicholls portrayed the role of Steve Bell in the Channel 4 drama Ackley Bridge. From September to October 2018, Nicholls starred alongside Iwan Rheon in Foxfinder at the Ambassadors Theatre. In January 2019, Nicholls took over the role of Raymond from Mathew Horne in the British touring production of Rain Man.
Personal life
Nicholls lives in Hampstead, London.
Nicholls married Chantal Brown in 2008. They divorced in 2015.
In July 2017, Nicholls was badly injured while on holiday in Thailand after falling from a waterfall in Ko Samui. As his mobile phone was broken, he was left stranded at the bottom of the waterfall for three days, and only rescued by volunteer rescuers, police and medics after locals alerted police to the motorcycle he had travelled on, which lay abandoned nearby. He was later taken to hospital, suffering from broken legs and a shattered knee. Nicholls' agent said he was "recovering well".
In May 2021, Nicholls revealed that he suffered a stroke in 2018. The stroke caused him to experience deep depression, which led to him becoming addicted to dihydrocodeine and cocaine throughout 2020. He confirmed that he was attending Narcotics Anonymous meetings and was glad to be in recovery, stating that if he were to relapse again, he "would die".
Filmography
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Actors from Bolton
English male child actors
English male soap opera actors
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English male musical theatre actors
Male actors from Greater Manchester
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors |
4018377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Czar%27s%20Madman | The Czar's Madman | The Czar's Madman () is a 1978 novel by Estonian writer Jaan Kross.
Plot introduction
This historical novel is about a Livonian nobleman, , who has married a peasant girl named Eeva to prove everyone that good men are equal before nature, God and ideals. Eeva's brother Jakob analyses von Bock's life throughout his journal and tries to figure out if the nobleman is truly mad as everyone seems to believe. The Czar's Madman is arguably one of the best-known Estonian novels in the world.
Title
The "Czar's Madman" is a reference to the main character who has been imprisoned for being so bold as to talk frankly to the Czar. This is enough to bring accusations of 'insanity'.
Plot summary
The story is written in diary form, describing the impact of revolutionary thinking on the part of a family member.
Aristocrat Timotheus von Bock (the diarist's brother in law) writes a letter to the Czar criticising the way in which the Czar's family runs the country. He justifies this act by an oath made to the Czar to give an honest appraisal of the situation.
Von Bock is imprisoned as a traitor (although the reason for his imprisonment is kept secret, as is the letter) for 9 years before being released into house arrest on the basis that he is 'mad'.
Characters
Timotheus "Timo" von Bock – main character and colonel
Eeva von Bock – wife of Timo
Jakob Mättik – brother of Eeva (the narrator of the story)
Awards and nominations
Winner of the 1989 Le prix du Meilleur livre étranger.
Release details
1978, Estonia, Tallinn: Eesti Raamat (ISBN NA), Pub date ? ? 1978, (original Estonian)
1992, UK, The Harvill Press (), Pub date 2 November 1992, Hardback (Translated by George Kurman)
1993, UK, The Harvill Press (), Pub date 2 August 1993, Hardback (Translated by George Kurman)
1993, UK, Pantheon Books (), Pub date ? January 1993, Hardback (Translated by Anselm Hollo)
1993, PT, Lisboa: Dom Quixote (), Paperback (Translated by Maria Antónia de Vasconcelos)
1994, US, W W Norton (), Pub date ? ? 1994, paperback (Translated by Anselm Hollo)
2001, UK, The Harvill Press (), Pub date 27 July 2001, Paperback (Translated by Anselm Hollo)
References
Estonian novels
Historical novels
1978 novels |
4018378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ville%2C%20St.%20Louis | The Ville, St. Louis | The Ville is a historic African-American neighborhood located in North St. Louis, Missouri. It has had a long history of African-American businesses and residents.
This neighborhood is bounded by St. Louis Avenue on the north, Martin Luther King Drive on the south, Sarah on the east and Taylor on the west.
Prior to the United States Civil Rights Movement, the use of restrictive covenants and other legal restrictions prevented African Americans from finding housing in many areas of the city. As a result, the African-American population of St. Louis was concentrated in and around the Ville. The neighborhood was the site of a number of important cultural institutions for the Black community, including Sumner High School, the first high school for Black students west of the Mississippi River; and Homer G. Phillips Hospital, established in 1937 as one of the few Black teaching hospitals in the United States and the only one in the city to serve Black people.
As of the 2010 Census, there are 1,868 people living in The Ville and 6,189 people in the surrounding Greater Ville neighborhood.
Education
Cote Brilliante Elementary School (closed)
De La Salle Middle School at St. Matthew's
Annie Malone's Emerson Therapeutic Academy (located in De La Salle Middle)
Marshall School
Simmons Elementary School
Sumner High School
Turner Middle School
Williams Middle Community Education Center
Notable natives
Chuck Berry
Grace Bumbry
Dick Gregory
Arthur Ashe
Julia Davis
Sonny Liston
[[Josephine
Demographics
In 2020 The Ville's racial makeup was 95.9% Black, 1.7% White, 0.3% American Indian, 1.8% Two or More Races, and 0.4% Some Other Race. 0.3% of the people were of Hispanic or Latino origin.
See also
Peabody–Darst–Webbe, St. Louis neighborhood of another city hospital
References
Neighborhoods in St. Louis
History of racial segregation in the United States |
4018381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duo%20%281996%20film%29 | Duo (1996 film) | Duo: The True Story of a Gifted Child with Down Syndrome is a 1996 independent film produced and directed by Alexandre Ginnsz, starring his 12-year-old brother Stephane Ginnsz. It is notable for featuring one of the first lead actors with Down syndrome in film history.
Awards
Following the DVD release in 2005:
Featured Guest at the National Down Syndrome Congress Convention (2005)
Featured Guest at the New York Sprouts International Film Festival (2005)
References
External links
The official Duo film site
Star of Duo Stephane Ginnsz' Official Site
A. G. Productions
Duo DVD on Amazon
1996 films
Down syndrome in film
American independent films |
4018409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sult | Sult | Sult, SULT, or SULTs may refer to:
Sult (novel) or Hunger, an 1890 novel by Knut Hamsun
Sult (film) or Hunger, a 1966 adaptation of Hamsun's novel, directed by Henning Carlsen
Sult, Albania, a village in the Gramsh municipality, Elbasan County, central Albania
Sulfotransferase, enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group
See also
Salt (disambiguation)
Jean-de-Dieu Soult (1769-1851), French general and statesman |
4018413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Elliot%20%28RAF%20officer%29 | William Elliot (RAF officer) | Air Chief Marshal Sir William Elliot, (3 June 1896 – 27 June 1971) was a senior Royal Air Force commander.
RAF career
Educated at Tonbridge School in the United Kingdom, Elliot joined the Army Service Corps in 1915 and then transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in 1917.
On 30 July 1919 Elliot, then a captain, crashed behind enemy lines while fighting the Bolshevik forces during the North Russia Intervention. Another plane crewed by Lt John Mitchell and Captain Walter Anderson landed and picked up Elliot and flew him and his observer back to the base. He was appointed Officer Commanding No. 501 Squadron in 1932 before becoming Assistant Secretary to Committee of Imperial Defence in 1937 and being made Assistant Secretary of the War Cabinet Secretariat in 1939. He served in the Second World War as Officer Commanding RAF Middle Wallop and as a member of the Air Staff responsible for Night Defences at Headquarters RAF Fighter Command in 1941 and then as Director of Plans at the Air Ministry in 1942. He continued has war service as Air Officer Commanding RAF Gibraltar and then as Air Officer Commanding the RAF's Balkan Air Force during 1944 until he was made Assistant Chief Executive at the Ministry of Aircraft Production in March 1945.
After the War he served as Assistant Chief of the Air Staff (Policy) and then became Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at RAF Fighter Command in 1947. He was knighted on 1 January 1946. He went on to be Chief Staff Officer to the Minister of Defence in 1949 and Chairman of the British Joint Services Mission to Washington, D.C. and UK Representative on the NATO Standing Group in 1951 before he retired in 1954.
Family
In 1931 he married Rosemary Chancellor, daughter of Sir John Chancellor. Sir William and Lady Elliot had a daughter, Louise, and a son, Simon. In 1970, Louise married Stephen Simmons Halsey, an American corporate executive with American Express; over the course of their lives they have resided in New York City, Paris, Hong Kong, Hawaii, and Oregon. In 1972, Simon married Annabel, the daughter of Bruce Shand and sister of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall.
References
- Total pages: 224
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1896 births
1971 deaths
People educated at Tonbridge School
Royal Air Force air marshals of World War II
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class
Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Phoenix (Greece)
British air attachés
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Army Service Corps officers
Royal Flying Corps officers
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
Royal Air Force personnel of the Russian Civil War |
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