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4018416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene%20Vanbrugh | Irene Vanbrugh | Dame Irene Vanbrugh DBE (2 December 1872 – 30 November 1949) was an English actress. The daughter of a clergyman, Vanbrugh followed her elder sister Violet into the theatrical profession and sustained a career for more than 50 years.
In her early days as a leading lady she was particularly associated with the plays of Arthur Wing Pinero and later had parts written for her by J. M. Barrie, Bernard Shaw, Somerset Maugham, A. A. Milne and Noël Coward. More famous for comic rather than dramatic roles, Vanbrugh nevertheless played a number of the latter in both modern works and the classics. Her stage debut was in Shakespeare, but she seldom acted in his works later in her career; exceptions were her Queen Gertrude in Hamlet in 1931 and her Meg Page in The Merry Wives of Windsor, opposite her sister Violet as Alice Ford, in 1937.
Vanbrugh appeared frequently in fundraising shows for various charities. She was active over many years in the support of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, of which her brother was principal. After her death the Academy's new theatre was named The Vanbrugh Theatre in honour of her and her sister.
Biography
Early years
Vanbrugh was born Irene Barnes in Exeter, the youngest daughter and fifth child of six of the Rev. Reginald Henry Barnes (1831–1889), Prebendary of Exeter Cathedral and Vicar of Heavitree, and his wife, Frances Mary Emily, née Nation. Irene's eldest sister Violet and younger brother Kenneth were also to make theatrical careers. Another sister Edith married, as his second wife, Hugh Shakespear Barnes, an official in the colonial service and became a pillar of the British Raj, and Angela was a professional violinist. Irene was educated at Exeter High School and at schools in Paris. When the Barnes family moved to London, she attended a school near Earls Court recommended by the actress Ellen Terry, a family friend.
It was also at Terry's suggestion that Violet, on starting a theatrical career, had adopted the stage name Vanbrugh. Irene did the same. Violet's early success encouraged Irene to follow her into the theatrical profession. Sir John Gielgud described the two:The Vanbrugh sisters were remarkably alike in appearance. Tall and imposing, beautifully spoken, they moved with grace ... They were elegantly but never ostentatiously dressed, entering and leaving the stage with unerring authority ... Violet never struck me as a natural comedienne, as Irene was.
As her elder sister had done, Irene enrolled at Sarah Thorne's school of acting, based at Margate, which gave her a thorough practical grounding. She recalled, "We played every kind of play there; comedy, farce, and drama of the deepest dye; while at Christmas there came the pantomime, so that the Juliet of a week ago might be the Prince Paragon of the Yule-tide extravaganza." As a student at the school, her first appearance on stage was in August 1888, as the capricious shepherdess Phoebe in As You Like It at the Theatre Royal, Margate, opposite the Rosalind of her sister Violet.
Early roles
Lewis Carroll, a college friend of Vanbrugh's father, saw her performing in Margate and was impressed. On his recommendation she made her London début in December 1888, playing the White Queen and the Knave of Hearts in a revival of Alice in Wonderland at the old Globe Theatre. Her sister Edith joined her in this production. Violet's early theatrical engagements had been with J. L. Toole, and Irene emulated her and joined his company. For Toole, she played in established comedy successes including Dion Boucicault's Dot and H. J. Byron's Uncle Dick's Darling.
When Toole toured Australia in 1890, Vanbrugh was a member of his company, acting in every play in its repertoire. She later commented, "I think this was even better training than Miss Thorne's school; not only was I constantly playing a new part, but I was constantly playing to a different type of audience. We visited all sorts of Australian cities, large and small, and one was pretty certain before long to find out the weak points in one's method." On her return, she remained with Toole's company, and played her first original roles as Thea Tesman in James Barrie's, burlesque Ibsen's Ghost (1891), and as Bell Golightly in Barrie's Walker, London (1892).
In 1893, Vanbrugh joined Herbert Beerbohm Tree at the Haymarket Theatre as Lettice in The Tempter (1893) by Henry Arthur Jones. The play was not popular and was soon taken off, but she had more success in Jones's next play, The Masqueraders, and in 1894 she was engaged by George Alexander at the St James's Theatre where she played a number of secondary parts, and in 1895 created the role of Gwendolen Fairfax in The Importance of Being Earnest.
When Arthur Bourchier, who had married Violet Vanbrugh, launched himself as an actor-manager, Vanbrugh joined them at the Royalty Theatre, winning good notices in The Chili Widow and in the title role of the comedy Kitty Clive. She went with the Bourchier company to America, and on her return in 1898 she created Rose in Trelawny of the Wells by Arthur Pinero, and, during the same season, Stella in Robert Marshall's His Excellency the Governor. After a short break she then played the role that made her name, Sophy Fullgarney in Pinero's The Gay Lord Quex (1899). This part, a little Cockney manicurist, was quite different from any she had played before, but Pinero was insistent that she should play it. In the words of the biographer S. R. Littlewood, "Vanbrugh's intelligence, sympathy, and alertness avoided extravagance in a subtle expression of class-contrast. This gave the character an intensity of appeal that was at the time something quite new." The play was regarded as risqué, and one critic commented that had Lewis Carroll still been alive, he would have approved of "Miss Vanbrugh's greatest triumph," but probably not of the play.
Early 20th century
In 1901 Vanbrugh married the actor Dion Boucicault Jr., son of his more famous namesake. They frequently appeared together for the rest of his life, and he became her manager in 1915. There were no children of the marriage. Between the turn of the century and World War I she had leading roles in new plays by J. M. Barrie (The Admirable Crichton, 1902; and Rosalind, 1912), Pinero (Letty, 1903; His House in Order, 1906; and Mid-Channel, 1909), and Maugham (Grace, 1910; and The Land of Promise, 1914). She also starred in new plays by Charles Haddon Chambers (Passers-By, 1911), and A. E. W. Mason (Open Windows, 1913). In 1913 she played Lady Gay Spanker in a revival of Boucicault senior's London Assurance in an all-star cast including Tree, Charles Hawtrey, Bourchier, Weedon Grossmith and Marie Tempest. This was one of the many charity fund-raising productions in which Vanbrugh appeared throughout her career.
During World War I, Vanbrugh took a succession of leading roles in the West End, beginning with The Spirit of Culture in Barrie's war play Der Tag (1914). Following this, she played Lady Falkland in The Right to Kill (1915); the title role in Caroline (1916); Mrs Lytton in The Riddle (1916); Emily Ladew in Her Husband's Wife (1916); Leonora in Barrie's Seven Women (1917); and the title role in A. A. Milne's Belinda (1918). In 1916, she appeared in her first film, The Real Thing at Last (1916); the following year she made a silent film version of The Gay Lord Quex, as Sophy Fullgarney.
Inter-war years
From its early days, Vanbrugh was closely connected with the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA). Her younger brother, Kenneth Barnes, had been its principal since 1909. In 1919, to raise funds for the Academy's theatre, then under construction, she had the play Masks and Faces filmed with a star cast, including not only leading actors but the playwrights Shaw, Pinero and Barrie in cameo appearances.
Vanbrugh's first big stage success of the post-war years was in Milne's Mr Pim Passes By in 1920. She and her husband opened it in Manchester, and such was its reception that they brought it into the West End. From 1927 to 1929, she toured Australia and New Zealand, playing a variety of parts. Her other appearances in the inter-war years included Gertrude to Henry Ainley's Hamlet in 1931, Millicent Jordan in Dinner at Eight (1933), the Duchess of Marlborough in Viceroy Sarah, (1935) and Mistress Page in The Merry Wives of Windsor with her sister Violet as Mistress Ford (1937). In 1939, she created the role of Catherine of Braganza in Shaw's In Good King Charles's Golden Days.
Vanbrugh appeared in ten talkies from 1933 to 1945: Head of the Family; Catherine the Great; Girls Will Be Boys; The Way of Youth; Youthful Folly; Escape Me Never; Wings of the Morning; Knight Without Armour; It Happened One Sunday; and I Live in Grosvenor Square.
In 1938, during the run of Noël Coward's Operette, in which she played Lady Messiter, Vanbrugh celebrated her golden jubilee as an actress. It was celebrated at a gala charity matinée attended by the Queen at His Majesty's Theatre; Violet Vanbrugh, Coward, Edith Evans, Gladys Cooper, Seymour Hicks and many other leading performers took part.
Later years
During the Battle of Britain, the Vanbrugh sisters carried out what Littlewood calls "a characteristic piece of war work" by giving, with Donald Wolfit, lunchtime performances of extracts from The Merry Wives of Windsor at the Strand Theatre. Throughout the war, Vanbrugh appeared in the West End and on tour in new plays, revivals of her earlier successes, and classics. Almost 50 years after her first appearance in a Wilde play, she played Lady Markby in An Ideal Husband in 1943–1944, giving a performance characterised by The Times as "comic perfection". Vanbrugh appeared as Mrs. Mildred Catchpole in the 1945 film I Live in Grosvenor Square, a British romance directed and produced by Herbert Wilcox. Her co-stars were Dean Jagger and Rex Harrison.
Vanbrugh was working to the end of her life. In November 1949, she appeared in Mary Bonaventure in its pre-London run in Birmingham, but she was taken ill before the London opening and died within days, several days before her 77th birthday.
Honours and commemorations
Vanbrugh was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 1941. After her death, the new theatre for the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art was named the Vanbrugh Theatre in honour of Vanbrugh and her sister. Located in Gower Street, London, the theatre was opened in 1954 by Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother.
At a matinée marking RADA's golden jubilee in 1954, in the presence of Irene Vanbrugh's brother, Sir Kenneth Barnes, who was still the principal of the Academy, Edith Evans read a poem by A. P. Herbert in which Vanbrugh was celebrated among the leading names of British theatre:
All the great names that give our past a glow,
Bancroft and Irving, Barrie and Boucicault,
Vanbrugh and Playfair, Terry, Kendal, Maude,
Gilbert and Grossmith loudly we applaud.
See also
RADA
Notes and references
Notes
References
Sources
External links
Biography on Theatrical Guild
Performance details from the theatrical archive, University of Bristol
Biographical information from collectorspost.com
Further reading
1872 births
1949 deaths
19th-century English actresses
Actresses awarded British damehoods
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
English film actresses
English silent film actresses
English stage actresses
People from Exeter
20th-century English actresses
Actresses from Devon |
4018420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek%20Doucha | František Doucha | Frantisek Doucha (31 August 1810 – 3 November 1884) was one of the most famous Czech literary translators and writers. He was among the most prolific translators of the century, translating works from 14 different languages. His name is often associated with many Shakespearian translations into the Czech language. He lived in Petrovice.
External links
Shakespeare in Czech and Slovak
Czech translators
Czech poets
British male poets
Czech male writers
Translators of William Shakespeare
Translators of Dante Alighieri
1810 births
1884 deaths
19th-century translators |
4018439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaphio | Vaphio | Vaphio, Vafio or Vapheio is an ancient site in Laconia, Greece, on the right bank of the Eurotas, some five miles south of Sparta. It is famous for its tholos or "beehive" tomb, excavated in 1889 by Christos Tsountas. This consists of a walled approach, about 97 feet long, leading to a vaulted chamber some 33 feet in diameter, in the floor of which the actual grave was cut.
The main objects found there were transferred to the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, where many remain on display. Many are regarded as Minoan art, while others are thought to have been made on mainland Greece. The pottery in the tomb dates to around 1500 to 1450 BC, but the gold and carved gem seals might have been old when buried, the Cretan one of the famous pair of gold Vaphio Cups perhaps from the previous century.
The tomb was almost entirely destroyed by 1911.
Objects found
The objects include a large number of carved gem seals and amethyst beads, together with articles in gold, silver, bronze, iron, lead, amber and crystal. Many of the seals and rings found in the tholos have such strong affinities in style and subject matter with contemporary Minoan seals that archaeologists find it impossible to determine whether they were locally made or imported from Crete. Sinclair Hood believed that at this date "it was broadly speaking possible to classify the finer seals as being of Cretan, the more crudely engraved of mainland manufacture", but that "this criterion no longer applies after the mainland conquest of Crete c. 1450".
Vaphio is the largest find in the Aegean of Mycenaen and Minoan seals (as opposed to "sealings" - impressions on clay). Like Grave Circle A at Mycenae, the group has generated much discussion as to the origin of many pieces. The 43 seals in the tomb include a variety of fine stones, and gold, and several have parallels in Cretan finds. The princely figure buried there seems to have worn them on his wrists, like a modern charm bracelet.
The gold cups
By far the finest of the grave goods are a pair of golden cups decorated with scenes in relief, showing two different methods of capturing bulls, perhaps for the bull-leaping activities practised by the Minoan civilization of Crete, or for sacrifice. On one, with three scenes, a cow is used to lure a bull; they mate, and a rear leg is then roped; this is sometimes called the "Peaceful Cup" or the "Quiet Cup". In the other, the "Violent Cup", bulls are stampeded into nets, although one seems to escape, shoving catchers aside. The so-called "Violent Cup", showing netting of bulls, bears a remarkable resemblance to the description of the beginning of the ritual of consecration for the laws of Atlantis described in Plato's dialogue Critias, where bulls are captured for sacrifice, using no iron tools or weapons.
These "form perhaps the most perfect works of Mycenaean or Minoan art which have survived", according to Marcus Niebuhr Tod. Sir Kenneth Clark observed that even on such evolved works "the men are insignificant compared to the stupendous bulls". It seems likely that these Vaphio Cups do not represent a local art but that at least one was imported from Crete, which at that early period was far ahead of mainland Greece in artistic development. As further support for the connection to Crete, C. Michael Hogan notes that a charging bull painting is evocative of an image extant at the Palace of Knossos on Crete.
It had long been recognised that the cups were probably not by the same artist, and had stylistic differences. Ellen Davis suggested that at least one of the cups was produced in mainland Greece. Davis illustrates both the compositional and stylistic differences between the cups, demonstrating that one appears to be Minoan and the other Mycenaean. Hood agreed, and this is now the usual view. There is a difference in quality, the Cretan "seduction" cup being finer, and in the treatment of the tops and bottoms of the scenes.
Rather confusingly, "Vapheio cup" is now used as a term for the shape of the gold cups in Aegean archaeology, which is found in pottery as well as metalwork.
Notes
References
Hood, Sinclair, The Arts in Prehistoric Greece, 1978, Penguin (Penguin/Yale History of Art),
Laconia
Archaeological sites in Greece
Minoan art |
4018443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh%20Said | Sheikh Said | Sheikh Said of Palu (, 1865 – June 29, 1925) was a Kurdish sheikh, the main leader of the Sheikh Said rebellion and a Sheikh of the Naqshbandi order.
He was born in 1865 in Palu to an influential family from the Naqshbandi order. He had five brothers. Still in his childhood, the family settled to Hınıs, Erzurum, where his grandfather was an influential Sheikh. Sheikh Said studied religious sciences at the madrasa led by his father Sheikh Mahmud Fevzi as well from several islamic scholars in the region. Later he was involved in the local tekke set up by his grandfather Sheik Ali. His grandfather was a respected leader of the religious community and his grave was visited by thousands of pilgrims. He became the head of the religious community after his father Sheik Mahmud died. In 1907 he toured the neighboring provinces in the east and he established contacts with officers from the Hamidye cavalry.
Civata Xweseriya Kurd (Society for Kurdish Independence)
The Azadî (English: Freedom), officially Civata Azadiya Kurd (Society for Kurdish Freedom), later Civata Xweseriya Kurd (Society for Kurdish Independence) was a Kurdish secret organization.
In 1923, he was approached by Yusuf Zia Bey, who wanted him to join the Kurdish secret organization Azadî. He became the leader of the Azadî after Zia Bey and Halid Beg Cibran, the leader of the Azadî, were reportedly tipped off by the Yormek tribe and arrested. The Azadi was to become a leading force in the Sheikh Said Rebellion which began in February 1925 and starting from in Piran, soon spread as far as the surroundings of Diyarbakır. The Turkish army then opposed the rebellion and he was captured in mid-April 1925 after having been surrounded by the Turkish troops. He was condemned to death by the Independence Tribunal in Diyarbakır on the 28 June 1925 and hanged the next day in Diyarbakır with 47 of his followers. His remains were buried in an anonymous mass grave in order to prevent his memorization by the Kurds.
Family
His first wife was Amine Hanim, who died during the Russian-Turkish war. His second wife was Fatma Hanim, a sister of Halit Beg Cibran, the leader of the Azadî.
His son Abdülhalik died after his deportation following the Sheikh Said rebellion. His grandson Abdülmelik Fırat became a deputy of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Fırat says that his ancestors were not involved in politics until his grandfather, for they had cordial relations with the Ottoman elite.
The actress Belçim Bilgin is his great grand niece.
References
1865 births
1925 deaths
People from Hınıs
Turkish Sunni Muslims
Sheikh Said rebellion
Kurdish nationalists
Executed Turkish people
People executed by Turkey by hanging
People executed for treason against Turkey
20th-century executions for treason
20th-century executions by Turkey
Kurdish Sufi religious leaders |
4018447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping%20Venus | Sleeping Venus | Sleeping Venus may refer to:
Sleeping Venus (Carracci), a circa 1603 painting by Annibale Carracci
Sleeping Venus (Giorgione), a 1510 painting by Giorgione and Titian
Sleeping Venus with Cupid (Poussin), a 1630 painting by Nicolas Poussin |
4018451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebastian%20Lucky%20Luisi | Zebastian Lucky Luisi | Zebastian Lucky Luisi (born 22 December 1984), also known by the nicknames of "Lucky", "Zeb", "Zebba", is a New Zealand rugby league footballer who has competed in the Auckland Rugby League competition, his most recent club being the Howick Hornets. He has also represented the Otahuhu Leopards. Luisi has also represent Niue in international rugby league.
Background
Luisi was born in Auckland, New Zealand.
Early years
Luisi is a Junior Kiwi international. Luisi is of Māori and Niuean descent and previously played for the Eastern Tornadoes in the Bartercard Cup, the top level rugby league competition in New Zealand.
England
Zebastian Lucky Luisi joined London Broncos on a 2-year contract at the end of 2004's Super League IX after putting together some impressive performances on trial with the club during that season. The big full-back was selected to play for the Harlequins rugby union side for the Middlesex Sevens at Twickenham Stadium.
Lucky Luisi played for Doncaster in National League Two having signed in February 2008 from Harlequins RL. At the start of the 2009 Season he joined championship club Barrow Raiders
Luisi's position of choice is as a . He can also operate on the and in the centres where he is to feature for Doncaster.
Return to New Zealand
He returned home in 2012, joining the Otahuhu Leopards in the Auckland Rugby League competition. In 2013 and 2014 he is the player-coach of the Howick Hornets. He played for the Counties Manukau Stingrays in the 2013 National Competition.
Niue
At the 2018 Emerging Nations World Championship, Luisi represented Niue, playing at in all four of the tournament matches. Also, on 27 October, he played in a 36–32 loss against Italy. In this match, he scored his first try for the Niuean national team.
References
External links
Barrow Raiders profile
Harlequins RL Profile
1984 births
Living people
Barrow Raiders players
Counties Manukau rugby league team players
Doncaster R.L.F.C. players
Eastern Tornadoes players
Howick Hornets coaches
Howick Hornets players
London Broncos players
New Zealand Māori rugby league players
New Zealand Māori rugby league team players
New Zealand people of Niuean descent
New Zealand rugby league coaches
New Zealand rugby league players
Niue national rugby league team captains
Niue national rugby league team players
Otahuhu Leopards players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league fullbacks
Rugby league wingers |
4018457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Choukri | Mohamed Choukri | Mohamed Choukri (Arabic: محمد شكري, Berber: ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴻⴷ ⵛⵓⴽⵔⵉ) (15 July 193515November 2003, was a Moroccan author and novelist who is best known for his internationally acclaimed autobiography For Bread Alone (al-Khubz al-Hafi), which was described by the American playwright Tennessee Williams as "A true document of human desperation, shattering in its impact".
Choukri was born in 1935 in Ayt Chiker (Ayt Chiker, hence his adopted family name: Choukri / Chikri), a small village in the Rif mountains in the Nador province, Morocco. He was raised in a very poor family. He ran away from his tyrannical father and became a homeless child living in the poor neighbourhoods of Tangier, surrounded by misery, prostitution, violence and drug abuse. At the age of 20, he decided to learn how to read and write and became later a schoolteacher. His family name Choukri is connected to the name Ayt Chiker which is the Berber tribe cluster he belonged to before fleeing hunger to Tangier. It is most likely that he adopted this name later in Tangier because in the rural Rif family names were rarely registered.
In the 1960s, in the cosmopolitan Tangier, he met Paul Bowles, Jean Genet and Tennessee Williams. Choukri's first writing was published in Al-adab (monthly review of Beirut) in 1966, a story entitled "Al-Unf ala al-shati" ("Violence on the Beach"). International success came with the English translation of Al-khoubz Al-Hafi (For Bread Alone, Telegram Books) by Paul Bowles in 1973. The book was translated to French by Tahar Ben Jelloun in 1980 (Éditions Maspero), published in Arabic in 1982 and censored in Morocco from 1983 to 2000. The book later was translated into 30 languages.
His main works are his autobiographic trilogy, beginning with For Bread Alone, followed by Zaman Al-Akhtaâ aw Al-Shouttar (Time of Mistakes or Streetwise, Telegram Books) and finally Faces. He also wrote collections of short stories in the 1960s/1970s (Majnoun Al-Ward, The Flower Freak, 1980; Al-Khaima, The Tent, 1985). Likewise, he is known for his accounts of his encounters with the writers Paul Bowles, Jean Genet and Tennessee Williams (Jean Genet and Tennessee Williams in Tangier, 1992, Jean Genet in Tangier, 1993, Jean Genet, Suite and End, 1996, Paul Bowles: Le Reclus de Tanger, 1997). See also In Tangier, Telegram Books, 2008, for all three in one volume.
Mohamed Choukri died of cancer on 15 November 2003 at the military hospital of Rabat. He was buried on 17 November at the Marshan cemetery in Tangier, with the audience of the minister of culture, numerous government officials, personalities and the spokesman of the king of Morocco. Before he died, Choukri created a foundation, Mohamed Choukri (president, Mohamed Achaâri), owning his copyrights, his manuscripts and personal writings. Before his death, he provided for his servant of almost 22 years.
Early years
Mohamed Choukri was born to a poor family in Had, Bni Chiker in the Rif region of Morocco, during a famine. He was one of many children and dealt with an abusive, violent father. His mother tongue was Riffian, a dialect of the Amazigh language. Fleeing poverty, his family migrated to the city of Tétouan and then to Tangier. Through his adolescent years, Choukri worked many jobs to survive, including serving a french Family in the Rif of French Algeria, and guiding sailors who arrived in Tangier, managing to learn Spanish that way. He found himself in the company of prostitutes, thieves and smugglers. The situation at home didn't improve however, his father was a cruel despot, and Choukri accused him of murdering his wife and his younger brother Kader. After a family dispute, he left them at 11 years old, living on the streets of Tangier, pilfering to survive, and occasionally resorting to smuggling and prostitution. At the age of 20, he'd met someone willing to teach him to read and write.
Learning how to read and write
He met someone willing to help him learn to read and write in Standard Arabic, a strange language for him and to many who weren't formally educated, because what was spoken day to day was Moroccan vernacular Arabic or Darija, a dialect heavily influenced by the Amazigh language. In 1956 (Year of Morocco's independence) he left for Larache, enrolling in a primary school at the age of 21. At some point he became a schoolteacher through the Ecole Normale. Returning to Tangier in the 1960s, he continued to frequent bars and brothels, and began to write his story in Arabic, forthrightly and showing no reserve when detailing sexual experiences, which was utterly at odds with the mores of Morocco and the Arab world at the time, being met with harsh censure from Religious and conservative forces in Morocco and elsewhere.
Despite the criticism, Choukri's daring and exceedingly frank style won him literary fame. His association with the Writer and composer Paul Bowles an American expat who lived in Tangier for decades. Bowles and Choukri worked on the translation of his Choukri's semi-autobiographical work For Bread Alone in 1973, and Bowles arranged for the novel to be published in the United Kingdom through Peter owen.
Censorship of For Bread Alone
For Bread Alone became an international success when published in English, but the book also caused a furor in the Arab world. When the Arabic edition emerged, it was prohibited in Morocco, on the authority of the Interior Minister, Driss Basri, following the advice of the religious authorities. It was said to have offended by its references to teenage sexual experiences and drug abuse. This censorship ended in 2000, and For Bread Alone was finally published in Morocco. In 1999, For Bread Alone was removed from the syllabus of a modern Arabic Literature course at the American University in Cairo taught by Dr. Samia Mehrez due to some sexually explicit passages, prompting some observers to criticize the "ban" and blame government censorship. The incident was preceded by the removal by order of Hosni Mubarak, president of Egypt, of Maxime Rodinson's book Muhammad. While some blamed "intimidation from Islamist militants, which the government does little to prevent," in fact, the Egyptian government engaged in book banning in that period on a wide scale. Dr. Mehrez was threatened with sexual harassment proceedings and expulsion, the book For Bread Alone was examined by parliament, and the academic and literary community largely supported her use of the novel through a letter-writing campaign.
Later life
Mohamed Choukri believed he had secured that which was most important to him: a posthumous home for his literary work.
His last will and testament, in which he left his entire estate to a foundation that was to be run jointly by five presidents: "After Choukri's death, this document disappeared without a trace," says Roberto de Hollanda, who was the author's literary agent for many years.
Securing his literary legacy was of the utmost importance to Choukri, but the promises that were made to him were not kept: "The decision was whether to give it to a European or an American university or whether to entrust it to a Moroccan institution," the literary agent explains.
Mohamed Choukri chose the Moroccan option. For one thing, he was afraid that the government might stop funding his expensive cancer treatment if he gave away the rights to his work to a foreign entity. On the other hand, it would have been particularly shameful to have given them to one of the countries that had formerly colonized and oppressed Morocco.
Films
For Bread Alone was adapted to cinema by Rachid Benhadj, in an Italian-French-Algerian production in 2004. It starred Said Taghmaoui. The film premiered at the first edition of the Festival of Casablanca in 2005.
Quotations
Works
For Bread Alone, 1973
The Tent, short stories, 1985
Time of Errors, also called "Streetwise" 1992
Jean Genet and Tennessee Williams in Tanger, 1992
Jean Genet in Tanger, 1993
Madman of the Roses, Short stories 1993
Jean Genet, Suite and End, 1996
Paul Bowles, le Reclus de Tanger, 1997
Zoco Chico, 1996
Faces, 1996
See also
Moroccan literature
References
General
Mohamed Choukri, 1935-2003, Oussama Zekri, (French)
"Le pain nu de Mohamed Choukri: une lecture plurielle", par Salah NATIJ, in website Ma'duba / Invitation à l'adab (French)
Le pain nu de Mohamed Choukri et l'aventure de la traduction, par Salah NATIJ, in website Ma'duba / Invitation à l'adab (French)
Hassan Daoud, L'homme qui savait ce qu'écrire veut dire, (French)
Le poète aux pieds nus, Hanan Kassab-Hassan, (French)
L'enfant terrible de la littérature arabe et écrivain maudit, Hicham Raji, (French)
Mohamed Choukri Biography by Kenneth Lisenbee (English)
Obituary, Mohamed Choukri, Madman of the roses, November 2003, (English)
Specific
1935 births
2003 deaths
Moroccan writers
Moroccan storytellers
Moroccan male short story writers
Moroccan short story writers
Riffian people
Berber Moroccans
People from Tangier
Deaths from cancer in Morocco
People from Bni Chiker
Berber writers |
4018458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Williamson%20%28musician%29 | James Williamson (musician) | James Robert Williamson (born October 29, 1949) is an American guitarist, songwriter, record producer and electronics engineer. He was a member of the iconic proto-punk rock band The Stooges, notably on the influential album Raw Power and in the reformed Stooges from 2009 to 2016. Between his stints in music, Williamson worked in Silicon Valley developing computer chips. Most recently he has continued as a solo artist.
Early years
Williamson was born in Castroville, Texas in 1949. His father died while he was young and he moved to San Antonio, Texas around the age of five. He began playing guitar in the 7th grade, while his family were living in Lawton, Oklahoma:
When Williamson was in the ninth grade in Detroit, he formed his first rock band, The Chosen Few, with schoolmate Scott Richardson. They performed cover versions of Rolling Stones songs and others. Ron Asheton would go on to become the bassist in one of The Chosen Few's later line-ups. Despite this connection, the two were barely acquainted at the time, with Asheton recalling that "the first time I played with them, that was the last time James played with them. They met for the first time during a holiday break when Williamson attended a Frat Party Gig where Asheton was playing ... Iggy was also there that night and so Williamson met both people that night and remained in touch afterward." As a guitarist, Asheton went on to form The Stooges with his brother Scott (drums), bassist Dave Alexander and Iggy Pop. Williamson also spent some time in a juvenile home after his stepfather had told him to cut his hair and Williamson refused. In the first half of 1966, Williamson was sent to a boarding school in a small town eighty miles north of New York City. While there, Williamson helped form and played lead guitar in the Coba Seas. During that time, the Coba Seas taped a rehearsal session, resulting in the first recordings of Williamson.
After graduating from high school in 1969, Williamson travelled to New York to keep in touch with The Stooges, who were recording their debut album with former Velvet Underground multi-instrumentalist John Cale.
The Stooges
By late 1970, Williamson was invited to join The Stooges as a second guitarist. He performed his first gig with the band on December 5, 1970. The band were by then struggling with drug problems and a lack of commercial success; despite the injection of Williamson's musicianship, The Stooges couldn't overcome their difficulties. According to Williamson, "I got hepatitis and moved back to Detroit and basically the band completely dissolved." Many of the demo recordings made during this period were belatedly issued as vinyl singles or EPs, including the proto-punk tracks "I Got A Right" and "Gimme Some Skin".
In 1972, David Bowie offered Pop a chance to record in London; Pop promptly enlisted Williamson as a collaborator for the project. Having failed to find other suitable musicians during an intensive search, they eventually invited the Asheton brothers to join them and reformed The Stooges, with the elder Asheton reluctantly moving from guitar to bass. Ron Asheton would harbor a longstanding animus toward Williamson for several decades. In a 1997 interview with Perfect Sound Forever, he reflected upon his relationship with Williamson at length, alleging that "James was into bad stuff. He wasn't into junk at that time but he fell right in line with THE EVIL PROGRAM. He was supposed to be a helper for me but he totally usurped my position and eventually, kicked me out from playing guitar."
Despite these tensions, Williamson co-wrote all the songs with Pop and played all the guitar parts on the ensuing album, Raw Power (1973). He played louder and raunchier than almost anybody at the time, with a jagged high-energy approach. According to Williamson, "I was a very emotional guitar player, so I always played that way. That's how we felt, so that was what it sounded like." Asheton was less sanguine, noting that "James always loved Keith Richards and he even emulated him in his personal style and appearance. [Pop] finally got his Jagger-Richards. So he and Iggy were the songwriters. They wouldn't let me do nothing even though I would come up with pieces. Jim would actually almost go for something. Little suggestions I made for the tunes, little twists. Not that I did any major structural changes. But I did do pieces to enhance and I was never recognized for it or even a fuckin' 'thank you.'"
Nevertheless, Williamson's aggressive guitar playing on Raw Power has often been cited as a major influence on the emerging punk scene in the mid-seventies. Johnny Marr (The Smiths, Modest Mouse) has also lauded Williamson's abilities: "I'm his biggest fan. He has the technical ability of Jimmy Page without being as studious, and the swagger of Keith Richards without being sloppy. He's both demonic and intellectual, almost how you would imagine Darth Vader to sound if he was in a band."
Under new management from Jeff Wald (the husband and manager of pop singer Helen Reddy), The Stooges began a highly chaotic tour in February 1973 with little support from Columbia Records, which would soon drop the group after Raw Power only managed to peak at #182 in Billboard. During this period, minimalist composer and former Prime Movers keyboardist Bob Sheff joined as the group's pianist; he was soon replaced by multi-instrumentalist Scott Thurston, who formed an enduring friendship with Williamson. According to Kevin L. Jones, "[T]he kind of touring they did was not what you would imagine today, with big buses, fancy stage lighting and expensive equipment. Iggy and the Stooges toured like an invasive species, showing up at whatever venue would have them, scrambling for gear to play through and sucking up the drugs around them like walking Hoovers. Those days are remembered with stories full of blood from random projectiles being thrown at them and even a moment when Elton John jumped onstage wearing a gorilla costume, scaring the living daylights out of Pop." Williamson was briefly dismissed due to criticism from the band's management (likely related to his turbulent romantic relationship with Cyrinda Foxe, a friend of road manager Leee Black Childers); guitarist Tornado Turner replaced him for a single gig (on June 15, 1973 at the Aragon Ballroom) before he was permitted to return.
In February 1974, The Stooges disbanded as a result of their dwindling professional opportunities.
After the Stooges
Williamson collaborated with Pop in 1975 on tumultuous demo sessions for a proposed new album to possibly be produced by John Cale, which were released (despite Pop's objections) in 1977 as Kill City. During this period, Pop was briefly institutionalized of his own volition and Williamson was arrested for possessing heroin by the LAPD. After sustaining a finger injury during a drunken altercation at an Alice Cooper listening party, he gave up playing music professionally to work as a record producer and pursue a higher education as an electronics engineer, initially enrolling in classes at Los Angeles City College: "The Stooges was maybe my only real band and kind of a family and so when that fell apart it was difficult to go on." Looking back in 2010, Williamson said, "I gave up being a Stooge to study calculus." He noted, "It was a rather large existential gap, but I did it."
Throughout the late 1970s, he worked on disco sessions as a staff engineer at Paramount Recorders in Los Angeles. In 1979, he was again persuaded to work with Iggy Pop as a producer and songwriter on New Values, his fourth solo album; in a partial reunion of The Stooges, Scott Thurston played guitar on all the tracks except "Don't Look Down."
Although Williamson continued to work with Pop on the initial sessions for Soldier (1980) in Wales, he brandished an air pistol and began to drink vodka heavily after failing to acclimate to the singer's new band, which included former Sex Pistols bassist Glen Matlock, Patti Smith Band multi-instrumentalist Ivan Kral and Barry Andrews of XTC. Following a squabble with Pop and David Bowie (who Williamson accused of exploiting The Stooges during the Raw Power era) over recording methods, he left the project. Subsequently, Williamson and Pop would lose touch for 16 years. Williamson reflected on the experience in 2015: "Fuck Bowie. His showing up was just the last of many frustrations with being there ... In hindsight, I should have never taken that job. It was recorded in a studio I didn't want to be in, with music that was half-baked and with musicians I didn't respect. It was my own damned fault it didn't work out."
After working on Soldier, Williamson left the music business entirely to concentrate on his studies. In 1982, he received an electrical engineering degree from California State Polytechnic University, Pomona.
Technology career
Immediately following his graduation from Cal Poly Pomona, Williamson moved to Silicon Valley. For the next fifteen years, he worked for Advanced Micro Devices in San Jose, California, designing products around its chips. His coworkers never inquired about his earlier career as a rock musician; in a 2010 interview with Uncut, Williamson asserted that many of his colleagues were "nerds and geeks ... they don't listen to The Stooges much." In 1997, he was hired as Sony's vice president of technical standards; in this capacity, he liaised with competitors and helped to codify nascent industry standards, most notably the Blu-ray Disc. During the Great Recession, he accepted an early retirement buyout offer from Sony in 2009.
In 2015, Williamson was selected to receive ANSI's Ronald H. Brown Standards Leadership Award for his contributions to consumer electronics standards development. The award, named after late United States Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown, is presented as part of World Standards Day celebration.
Reuniting with The Stooges
Following Ron Asheton's sudden death in 2009, Williamson rejoined The Stooges, who had toured regularly after the Fun House-era lineup (save for Alexander, who had died years previously in 1975) reunited in 2003. To rehearse, he enlisted the help of local roots rock band Careless Hearts, who backed him on his first gig in 35 years at the Blank Club in San Jose, California on September 5, 2009. They performed a number of early Stooges songs, and also some material from the Kill City album. In June 2010, a CD + DVD combo was released of this event called James Williamson with Careless Hearts.
The Stooges' first reunion concert with Williamson occurred on November 7, 2009 in São Paulo, Brazil. The band added material from Raw Power and several of Pop's early solo albums to its repertoire.
In March 2010, The Stooges were inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. The group's current line-up performed "Search and Destroy" with Scott Thurston.
Following several additional tours (many of which included full performances of Raw Power), the band released what would become their last album, Ready to Die, on April 30, 2013 via Fat Possum Records. Produced by Williamson, the album contained ten new Pop-Williamson compositions.
Re-Licked, Williamson's first solo studio album, was released by Leopard Lady Records in October 2014. Composed entirely of much-bootlegged songs by Pop and Williamson that were written, demoed and performed by The Stooges in the immediate aftermath of Raw Power, it featured vocal contributions from Jello Biafra, Bobby Gillespie, Ariel Pink, Carolyn Wonderland, Alison Mosshart and Lisa Kekaula along with performances by several members of the reunited Stooges (including bassist Mike Watt and touring drummer Toby Dammit). Pop did not participate in the project, with a representative alleging that "Iggy was never given an opportunity to participate on the album. He found out about the project in December of 2013 after it was rejected by a Chicago label." According to Williamson, "He gave me his blessing and wished me success. But it's a hard pill to swallow when someone is doing all your songs with your band and you're not on it. I think he's cool with it so far. We'll see how things progress ... I hope he maintains his positive attitude." In a subsequent interview with Rolling Stone, Pop said, "I don't have a problem with anything, I don't oppose anything. This statement about the 'hard pill' sounds kind of passive aggressive to me. The guys in the touring group have been phoning and emailing me and my rep before during and after the recordings, wondering how I felt about this. These guys are my friends and we've all worked together many years. I am glad someone is paying them; they are working musicians and they need to play. I want to thank all the wonderful singers on this record for covering my songs."
On March 15, 2014, Scott Asheton died of a heart attack at the age of 64. Saxophonist Steve Mackay (who briefly joined the group in mid-1970 before participating in the post-2003 reunion and Re-Licked) also died in October 2015 at the age of 66. On June 22, 2016, Williamson issued an official statement for the band saying that The Stooges are no more: "The Stooges is over. Basically, everybody's dead except Iggy and I. So it would be sort-of ludicrous to try and tour as Iggy and The Stooges when there's only one Stooge in the band and then you have side guys. That doesn't make any sense to me." Williamson also added that touring had become boring, and trying to balance the band's career as well as Pop's was a difficult task.
Equipment
Williamson is known primarily for his use of Gibson Les Paul Custom guitars, but he also plays other guitars live (although Les Paul Customs are his guitar of choice). Williamson says that all the songs on Raw Power were written in his London bedroom on a Gibson B-25 acoustic and the acoustic guitar used in the studio was a Martin D-28. A Vox AC30 amplifier was used for recording Raw Power. Williamson says he plugged his Les Paul Custom into the AC30's Top Boost channel, volume at full and bass low, and played primarily on the Custom's low-impedance (hand wired) bridge humbucker pickup; no effects pedals were used. Williamson often used Marshall amplifiers when playing live in the 1970s, and recently switched to Blackstar Amplification's Artisan 30 for live use.
All guitars currently used onstage by Williamson are equipped with low-impedance, microphonic, humbucker pickups modeled after those in his original 1969 Gibson Les Paul Custom. These pickups were custom wound by Jason Lollar who reverse engineered the 1969 pickups, at the suggestion of James' touring guitar tech Derek See, and local tech Brian Michael. In concert, for "Gimme Danger" and "Open Up And Bleed", Williamson uses a Fishman Power Bridge piezo pickup equipped Les Paul (patched through a Fishma Aura pedal) for simulated acoustic guitar sounds.
A detailed gear diagram of James Williamson's 2011 Iggy & The Stooges guitar rig is well-documented:
Personal life
Williamson lives in Saratoga, California with his wife Linda. He has a son named Jamie and a daughter named Elizabeth.
Discography
Solo albums
2014 - Re-Licked
Solo EPS
2017 – Acoustic K.O.
Solo Singles with various artists
2014 - I Got A Right /Heavy Liquid
2014 - Open Up And Bleed/Gimme Some Skin
2015 - Sickk/I Made A Mistake
2016 - Blues Jumped The Rabbit/Last Kind Words
2016 - I Love my Tutu/Never Far From Where The Wild Things Are
with The Stooges
1973 - Raw Power: Co-Song Writer, Guitars
1977 - Metallic K.O.: Guitars (live)
1995 - Open Up and Bleed: Guitars (live)
2013 - Ready to Die:Co-Song Writer, Guitars, Producer
with Iggy Pop
1977 - Kill City: Co-Song Writer, Guitar, Producer, Mixing
1979 - New Values: Producer, Guitar,
1980 - Soldier: Producer (uncredited)
2005 - A Million in Prizes: The Anthology:
with Careless Hearts
2010 - James Williamson with Careless Hearts: Guitar
with the Coba Seas
2010 - (recorded in 1966) - Unreformed: Guitar
with Deniz Tek
2017 - Acoustic K.O.: Guitar, Producer
2020 - Two to One
and The Pink Hearts
2018 - Behind The Shade: Guitar, Producer
References
External links
Official website
Rolling Stone: Former Stooges Guitarist James Williamson Details New Album (2018)
James Williamson and The Pink Hearts (2018)
Stooges Guitarist James Williamson Talks Bowie (2018
2009 interview with Williamson Paraphilia Magazine Issue Five
2007 interview with Williamson
2001 interview with Williamson
Creem magazine 1974 interview with Williamson & Pop
IEEE 2008 Annual Election page for Standards Association Board of Governors with Williamson as nominee
2010 Interview on American Public Radio
American punk rock guitarists
The Stooges members
Record producers from Texas
Protopunk musicians
Living people
1949 births
Radar Records artists
American electronics engineers
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona alumni
People from Medina County, Texas
People from Saratoga, California
American male guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
Record producers from California |
4018463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton%20of%20L%27Aigle-Est | Canton of L'Aigle-Est | The canton of L'Aigle-Est is a former canton of France, located in the Orne department, in the Basse-Normandie region. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It had 9 communes.
Communes
The communes of the canton of L'Aigle-Est were:
L'Aigle (partly)
Chandai
Crulai
Irai
Saint-Martin-d'Écublei
Saint-Michel-Tuboeuf
Saint-Ouen-sur-Iton
Saint-Sulpice-sur-Risle
Vitrai-sous-Laigle
See also
Cantons of the Orne department
References
Former cantons of Orne
2015 disestablishments in France
States and territories disestablished in 2015 |
4018508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kermit%20L.%20Hall | Kermit L. Hall | Kermit Lance Hall (August 31, 1944 – August 13, 2006) was a noted legal historian and university president. He served from 1994 to 1998 on the Assassination Records Review Board to review and release to the public documents related to the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy.
Biography
Hall was raised in Akron, Ohio. His father, Kermit, was a tire builder, and his mother, Katherine, a bookkeeper. He was a Vietnam era veteran. He earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Akron and master's degree in 1967 from Syracuse University. He earned his Ph.D. degree from the University of Minnesota in 1972. He also received a Master of Studies in Law (MSL) degree from Yale Law School in 1980.
Over the course of his career, Hall held academic positions in the history departments at Vanderbilt University, Wayne State University, and University of Florida. In 1992, Hall began a rapid ascent in higher education administration that included appointments at University of Tulsa, Ohio State University, and North Carolina State University. He served as president of Utah State University from 2000 to 2005, and in early 2005 he became the seventeenth president of the State University of New York at Albany. During a distinguished career as a scholar, he wrote six books and edited twenty-two, including the award-winning The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court (second ed., rev. 2005), The Magic Mirror: Law in American History (1989), A Comprehensive Bibliography of American Constitutional and Legal History (1984), and The Politics of Justice: Lower Federal Judicial Selection and the Second Party System, 1829-1861 (1979). He served on numerous editorial boards and edited several book series, including Bicentennial Essays on the Bill of Rights published by Oxford University Press.
He received fellowships and grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the American Bar Foundation. In 1993, President Bill Clinton appointed him to the Assassination Records Review Board, which reviewed and eventually released tens of thousands of documents pertaining to the death of President John F. Kennedy. After the board completed its work, Hall received in 1999 the James Madison Award from the American Library Association for his commitment to openness in government. In recent years, Hall assumed the role of public intellectual. A frequent lecturer in both the U.S. and abroad, he provided expert commentary to the national media about the history of the U.S. Constitution and the Supreme Court.
Hall died of a heart attack on August 13, 2006 while swimming on vacation on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. He was 61 years old.
A remembrance ceremony was held on August 14, 2006 at the Albany campus. The ceremony was attended by numerous campus leaders including Provost Susan Herbst, SUNY Chancellor John Ryan, Senator Hillary Clinton, Congressman John E. Sweeney, and Albany Mayor Gerald Jennings.
Personal life
He was married to Phyllis, and was survived by his sister, Mary Bouvier, as well as several nieces, nephews, grand-nieces and grand-nephews.
References
External links
UAlbany news release
In Memoriam: Kermit Hall, January 2007, Perspectives, American Historical Association
1944 births
2006 deaths
Accidental deaths in South Carolina
American legal scholars
Presidents of University at Albany
Syracuse University alumni
University of Akron alumni
University of Minnesota alumni
University of Tulsa faculty
Presidents of Utah State University
Yale Law School alumni |
4018509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace%20F.%20Knoche | Grace F. Knoche | Grace F. Knoche (February 15, 1909 – February 18, 2006) was leader of the Theosophical Society with international headquarters at Pasadena, California from 1971. The Society was founded in 1875 in New York City to promote universal brotherhood, the study of philosophy, religion, and science, and to investigate the powers innate in nature and man.
Knoche was born at Society's headquarters, then at Point Loma, California, and educated at its schools which pioneered a rounded curriculum including art, music, and drama, completing her education at Theosophical University (PhD 1944). In the 1930s and 1940s she worked at the headquarters in several capacities including the secretarial and editorial staffs. At various times from 1933 to 1946 she also taught violin, Greek, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Bible translation, and Qabbalah at Theosophical University, as well as sculpture and painting at the Lomaland School. After Colonel Arthur L. Conger became leader of the Society in 1945, Knoche became his private secretary and subeditor of The Theosophical Forum. On Conger's death in 1951, she continued as private secretary to the next leader, James A. Long, and was subeditor of Sunrise magazine until his death in 1971.
As leader, Knoche emphasized theosophy as a practical and compassionate way of living, believing that "mankind is a living brotherhood of human souls, and how and what any one person thinks or does has its inevitable effect on the totality of world thought." She encouraged mutual respect and cooperation among the members of various theosophical organizations, while recognizing the value of each organization as an independent entity. She put special emphasis on the publications program, in print and online, making the full text of virtually all the Society's press publications freely available on the internet. Besides scores of articles in theosophical magazines, especially Sunrise: Theosophic Perspectives, she wrote three books: To Light a Thousand Lamps, The Mystery Schools, and Theosophy in the Qabbalah (unpublished).
Works
The Mystery Schools. Theosophical University Press, Pasadena, 1999;
To Light a Thousand Lamps: A Theosophic Vision. Theosophical University Press, Pasadena, 2001;
Sources
obituary of Grace Knoche
External links
www.theosociety.org
Articles by Knoche
Ihr Werk "Die Mysterienschulen" online (pdf-Dokument, 624 kB) German
American Theosophists
1909 births
2006 deaths |
4018514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomeroy%2C%20County%20Tyrone | Pomeroy, County Tyrone | Pomeroy is a small village and civil parish in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is in the townland of Cavanakeeran, about from Cookstown, from Dungannon and from Omagh. The 2011 Census recorded a population of 788 people.
Pomeroy is atop a large hill that dominates the surrounding countryside. From the Cookstown end, the road through the village gradually climbs a gradient up to a village square, The Diamond. The village is surrounded by the Pomeroy Hills. The surrounding countryside is a mixture of moorland and bog land. Stone age and Bronze Age cairns dot the landscape. Pomeroy is the closest settlement to the geographical centre of Ulster.
History
At the end of the 17th century there was no village in this area, just an extensive forest. In the plantation of Ulster James I and VI granted eight townlands to Sir William Parsons, Surveyor General of Ireland. In 1729 James Lowry inherited the land from his father, Robert of Aghenis Caledon.
In the 18th century two new parishes were created in Tyrone, and the same family, the Lowrys (from whom issued the Earls of Belmore), was involved in the establishment of both. Pomeroy was created from part of Donaghmore, while Clogherny was taken from Termonmaguirc. The arrangement was confirmed in 1731 by an Order in Council, which had the same legal status as an Act of Parliament, and the articles of agreement under which it was conducted by the two parties involved, Lord Tyrone and Robert Lowry, suggest the tone:
The name of each of the new erected parishes shall be wrote on a separate scrole of parchment, roll'd up and put into a hatt, to be held by an indeffernet person,... and that the said Marcus, Lord Viscount of Tyrone, and Robert Lowry shall each put his hand into the said hatt, and take thereout one of the said scroles, and that the advowson of that parish which shall be mentioned in the said scrole .. to be drawn out of the said hatte, by the said Lord Tyrone, shall stand and be the advowson of the said .. Tyrone, his heirs and assigns, for ever."
In 1750 Rev. James Lowry was granted the right to hold a weekly market in Pomeroy and an important event was the twice yearly Hiring Fair, held in May and November. Men and women from the surrounding countryside would gather at the fair and hire themselves out as farm workers and servants. In the 1640s the large forest had been stripped of timber and for many years after remained neglected. In 1770 the Rev. James Lowry undertook its management, replanted about and left money to build Pomeroy House. The Lowry family played a big part in the life of the area for about 200 years.
In the square is the Church of Ireland church which dates from the early 1840s. Its belfry and tower were paid for by the Lowry family as a token of their esteem for Pomeroy.
Much of the woodland is gone and the Georgian mansion demolished. All that remains is the family burial vault on Tanderagee Road. This was once approached by the longest avenue of Chilean pine trees in Ireland.
The road leading from Pomeroy to Donaghmore is known as the Royal Road because in 1689 James II and VII took this route to visit his troops in Derry during the historic siege. This route brought him through Cappagh and Altmore. King James's Well is by the roadside just outside Cappagh.
Transport
The Portadown, Dungannon and Omagh Junction Railway opened Pomeroy railway station on 2 September 1861. From 1876 until 1958 it was part of the Great Northern Railway. The Ulster Transport Authority closed the station and the PD&O line on 15 February 1965. Throughout its history it had the highest altitude of any Irish gauge railway station in Ireland. West of Pomeroy the railway reached its summit, above sea level, the highest point on Ireland's Irish gauge network.
Economy
Pomeroy is the home of a farm shop at Cloughbane Farm, which uses locally sourced meat, vegetables, potatoes, milk and flour in its products. The 180-acre farm is a fourth-generation, family-run beef and lamb farm outside Dungannon. The on-site farm shop and butchers were established in 2003 and in 2006 began selling home-cooked pies and take-away meals. In 2006 the company, which has won five UK Great Taste Awards, expanded after securing a supply deal with Tesco.
Sport
Pomeroy Plunketts is the local Gaelic Athletic Association club.
Places of interest
There is a modern forestry school on the estate of the Rev. James Lowry, the 18th century planner of the village.
Mountains of Pomeroy
Carrickmore
Altmore
Gortavoy Bridge
Cavanakeeran
Demography
On Census Day (27 March 2011) the usually resident population of Pomeroy Settlement was 788, accounting for 0.04% of the NI total. Of these:
21.7% were aged under 16 years and 10.66% were aged 65 and over
48.1% of the population were male and 51.9% were female
89.34% were from a Catholic background and 9.26% were from a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' background
People
Andrea Begley, winner of BBC's The Voice in June 2013.
Philomena Begley, Irish country music singer
Liam Kelly, Irish republican politician and activist
Kieran McGeary, Gaelic footballer
See also
List of civil parishes of County Tyrone
References
Links
Parish of Pomeroy
Villages in County Tyrone
Civil parishes of County Tyrone |
4018516 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endgame%20%281983%20film%29 | Endgame (1983 film) | Endgame (Bronx lotta finale) () is a 1983 Italian post-apocalyptic film starring Al Cliver, Laura Gemser and George Eastman. It was directed, co-written and produced by Joe D'Amato, under the pseudonym "Steven Benson".
Synopsis
In the year 2025, a nuclear holocaust has left New York City an irradiated, but not abandoned, wasteland. (It appears the Nuclear War that caused the devastation happened in the late 1980s or early 1990s based on the technology people have available.) The ruined city is inhabited now by scavenger packs and telepathic mutants, who are persecuted by the elite survivors. Keeping the few remaining people pacified is the reality television program Endgame, where hunters and gladiators fight to the death for large financial winnings.
The elites in power in the city have their security forces seeking out and killing mutants who populate the ruins of the city. The non-mutant Professor Levin helps the mutants survive and hide from the security forces seeking to kill them.
The star and veteran fighter from Endgame, Ron Shannon (Al Cliver), convinces his nemesis to help him assembles a team to take a group of mind-reading mutants across the desert to safety. They need to avoid such dangers as blind fighting monks, nomadic predators, government agents, and Shannon's friend, now turned nemesis, Karnak (George Eastman). The leader of the mutants is Lilith (Laura Gemser) and she has promised that if the assembled by Shaanon can succeed in getting the mutants to safety, a fortune awaits
Cast
Al Cliver as Ron Shannon
Laura Gemser as Lilith
George Eastman as Karnak
Jack Davis as Professor Levin
Hal Yamanouchi as Ninja
Gabriele Tinti as Bull
Mario Pedone as Kovack
Gordon Mitchell as Colonel Morgan
Release
Endgame was released in Italy on November 5, 1983.
Reception
While noting that this is a Mad Max "ripoff", and that the battle sequences seem endless, Creature Feature gave the movie 2.5 out of 5 stars. Million Monkey Theater found that the movie is a mixture of The Running Man and any number of post-apocalyptic movies and had issues with the acting, but stated the fans of the genre would like the film. George Eastman remarked "The idea was alright...but like all the others, it was made on too small a budget. These (post-atomic) films, which were made in the wake of the various Mad Max movies, were decidedly crummy. The set designs were poor....and the genre met a swift and well-deserved death." Kim Newman found the movie "initially promising".
Home Release
The movie is available on several streaming service and as of October 2019 this includes Amazon Prime The movie has been released on DVD, and on Blu-ray by Severin Films.
References
External links
A detailed synopsis of the movie
1983 films
1980s science fiction action films
Films directed by Joe D'Amato
Films set in 2025
Italian films
1980s Italian-language films
Italian science fiction action films
Italian post-apocalyptic films
Films about telepathy |
4018526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilsonianism | Wilsonianism | Wilsonianism or Wilsonian idealism describes a certain type of foreign policy advice. The term comes from the ideas and proposals of President Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921). He issued his famous Fourteen Points in January 1918 as a basis for ending World War I and promoting world peace. He was a leading advocate of the League of Nations to enable the international community to avoid wars and end hostile aggression. Wilsonianism is a form of liberal internationalism.
Principles
Common principles that are often associated with "Wilsonianism" include:
Advocacy of the spread of democracy. Anne-Marie Slaughter writes that Wilson expected and hoped "that democracy would result from self-determination, but he never sought to spread democracy directly." Slaughter similarly writes that Wilson's League of Nations was similarly intended to foster liberty democracy by serving as "a high wall behind which nations" (especially small nations) "could exercise their right of self determination" but that Wilson did not envision that the U.S. would affirmatively intervene to "direct" or "shape" democracies in foreign nations.
Conferences and bodies devoted to resolving conflict, especially the League of Nations and the United Nations.
Emphasis on self-determination of peoples;
Advocacy of the spread of capitalism
Support for collective security, and at least partial opposition to American isolationism.
Support for open diplomacy and opposition to secret treaties
Support for freedom of navigation and freedom of the seas
Historian Joan Hoff writes, "What is 'normal' Wilsonianism remains contested today. For some, it is 'inspiring liberal internationalism' based on adherence to self-determination; for others, Wilsonianism is the exemplar of humanitarian intervention around the world,' making U.S. foreign policy a paragon of carefully defined and restricted use of force." Amos Perlmutter defined Wilsonianism as simultaneously consisting of "liberal internationalism, self-determination, nonintervention, humanitarian intervention" oriented in support of collective security, open diplomacy, capitalism, American exceptionalism, and free and open borders, and opposed to revolution.
According to University of Chicago political theorist Adom Getachew, Wilson's version of self-determination was a reassociation of an idea that others had previously imbued with different meanings. Wilson's version of self-determination "effectively recast self-determination as a racially differentiated principle, which was fully compatible with imperial rule."
The Wilsonian Moment
The ‘Wilsonian Moment’ was a time in the wake of the First World War in which many of those in the colonised world hoped that the time had come for the pre-war world order, which placed the Western powers at the top and marginalised the majority of the rest of the world, to be demolished and non-European nations would be given their rightful place. Erez Manela is a key historian of the Wilsonian Moment, having produced work on the topic which include case studies on the Wilsonian Moment in Egypt, Korea, China and India. He aimed to address the fact that the significance of Wilsonianism in Asia and Africa had received little attention from scholars. The reaction in the colonised world was largely the result of Woodrow Wilson’s ‘Fourteen Points’ speech on 8 January 1918, in which Wilson advocated the formation of a ‘general association of nations’ ‘for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike’. He declared in a subsequent speech to Congress on February 8, 1918, that in the post-war peace settlement, ‘national aspirations must be respected’ and people could only be governed ‘by their own consent’. Self-determination ‘not a mere phrase’ but an ‘imperative principle of action’.
Wilson’s words launched an atmosphere of intense optimism and hope amongst marginalised peoples in all corners of the globe and Erez Manela claims that by December 1918, shortly before the Paris Peace Conference, Wilson was ‘a man of almost transcendent significance’. Wilson’s rhetoric certainly had an impact in Asian nations, including India, where he was hailed as ‘The Modern Apostle of Freedom’ by Indian nationalist press Ganesh, and in China, where President Wilson’s words were viewed as a crucial opportunity to improve China’s situation domestically and internationally. According to Manela, many in Asia had faith that Wilson could and did intend to form a new international order, reducing the gap between the ‘East’ and the ‘West’. Likewise, in Egypt, Wilson’s self-determination advocation led to hopes that Egypt may be freed from British control and would be afforded the opportunity to rule itself. Sarah Claire Dunstan’s work also indicates that Wilson’s rhetoric had an impact on marginalised groups within the US, such as African Americans. Members of disenfranchised groups like the African American community were enthusiastic and some members, like peoples in various colonised nations, felt an opportunity had arisen to forward their own case for self-determination.
All the hopes for self-determination that Wilson raised would soon be dashed when the Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919. Versailles did not destroy the colonial system, and much of the colonial world was left in disillusionment. Manela suggests this led to violent protest movements in various marginalised nations, including the 1919 Revolution in Egypt, the May Fourth protest in China, Gandhi’s passive resistance movement in India, and the March First movement in Korea.
Impact of Wilsonianism
American foreign relations since 1914 have rested on Wilsonian idealism, argues historian David Kennedy, even if adjusted somewhat by the "realism" represented by Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Henry Kissinger. Kennedy argues that every president since Wilson has:embraced the core precepts of Wilsonianism. Nixon himself hung Wilson's portrait in the White House Cabinet Room. Wilson's ideas continue to dominate American foreign policy in the twenty-first century. In the aftermath of 9/11 they have, if anything, taken on even greater vitality."
Wilson was a remarkably effective writer and thinker and his diplomatic policies had a profound influence on shaping the world. Diplomatic historian Walter Russell Mead has explained:Wilson's principles survived the eclipse of the Versailles system and that they still guide European politics today: self-determination, democratic government, collective security, international law, and a league of nations. Wilson may not have gotten everything he wanted at Versailles, and his treaty was never ratified by the Senate, but his vision and his diplomacy, for better or worse, set the tone for the twentieth century. France, Germany, Italy, and Britain may have sneered at Wilson, but every one of these powers today conducts its European policy along Wilsonian lines. What was once dismissed as visionary is now accepted as fundamental. This was no mean achievement, and no European statesman of the twentieth century has had as lasting, as benign, or as widespread an influence.
See also
Foreign policy of the Woodrow Wilson administration#Idealism, moralism and Wilsonianism
Diplomatic history of World War I
International relations (1919–1939)
Empire of Liberty
Idealism in international relations
Liberal internationalism
Nation-building
References
Further reading
Ambrosius, Lloyd E. Wilsonianism: Woodrow Wilson and His Legacy in American Foreign Relations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2002).
Cotton, James. "A century of Wilsonianism: a review essay." Australian Journal of Political Science 53.3 (2018): 398–407.
Fromkin, David. "What Is Wilsonianism?" World Policy Journal 11.1 (1994): 100-111 online.
Ikenberry, G. John, Thomas J. Knock, Anne-Marie Slaughter & Tony Smith. The Crisis of American Foreign Policy: Wilsonianism in the Twenty-first Century (Princeton University Press, 2009).
Layne, Christopher. The Peace of Illusions: American Grand Strategy from 1940 to the Present (Cornell Studies in Security Affairs) (Cornell University Press, 2000).
McAllister, James. Wilsonian Visions (Cornell University Press, 2021).
Menchik, Jeremy. "Woodrow Wilson and the Spirit of Liberal Internationalism." Politics, Religion & Ideology (2021): 1-23.
Nichols, Christopher McKnight. "The Wilson legacy, domestic and international." in A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover (2014) pp: 7-33.
Ninkovich, Frank. "4 The Wilsonian Anomaly; or, The Three Faces of Wilsonianism." in The Global Republic (U of Chicago Press, 2021) pp. 96–118.
Perlmutter, Amos. Making the world safe for democracy: A century of Wilsonianism and its totalitarian challengers (U of North Carolina Press, 1997).
Smith, Tony. Why Wilson Matters: The Origin of American Liberal Internationalism and Its Crisis Today (2019) excerpt
Thompson, John A. "Wilsonianism: the dynamics of a conflicted concept." International Affairs 86.1 (2010): 27–47.
Throntveit, Trygve. "Wilsonianism." in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History (2019).
Throntveit, Trygve. Power without Victory: Woodrow Wilson and the American Internationalist Experiment (2017)
Political terminology of the United States
Woodrow Wilson
Eponymous political ideologies
Liberalism
Internationalism |
4018527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron%20Headley | Baron Headley | Lord Headley, Baron Allanson and Winn, of Aghadoe in the County of Kerry, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1797 for Sir George Allanson-Winn, 1st Baronet, a former Baron of the Court of the Exchequer and Member of Parliament for Ripon. He had already been created a Baronet, of Little Warley in the County of Essex, in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 14 September 1776. His son, Charles Winn-Allanson, 2nd Baron Headley, represented Ripon, Malton and Ludgershall in Parliament. In 1833 he succeeded a distant relative as 8th Baronet, of Nostel (see below). His nephew, the third Baron (the son of the Honourable George Allanson-Winn, MP for Malton), sat in the House of Lords as an Irish Representative Peer from 1868 to 1877. His son, the fourth Baron, was an Irish Representative Peer from 1883 to 1913. His cousin, Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley, was a prominent convert to Islam. On the death in 1994 of the latter's younger son, Charles Allanson-Winn, 7th Baron Headley, the titles became extinct.
The Baronetcy, of Nostel in the County of York, was created in the Baronetage of England on 3 December 1660 for George Winn. His great-grandson, the fourth Baronet, began the construction of the mansion of Nostell Priory in Yorkshire, which became the seat of the Winn family. The house later came into another branch of the family, the Barons St Oswald. The fourth Baronet’s son, the fifth Baronet, represented Pontefract in the House of Commons. On the death of the seventh Baronet, the title was inherited by his distant relative the second Baron Headley. The Baronetcy remained united with the Barony until their extinction in 1994.
Barons Headley (1797)
George Allanson-Winn, 1st Baron Headley (1725–1798)
Charles Winn-Allanson, 2nd Baron Headley (1784–1840)
Charles Allanson-Winn, 3rd Baron Headley (1810–1877)
Charles Allanson-Winn, 4th Baron Headley (1845–1913)
Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley (1855–1935)
Rowland Allanson-Winn, 6th Baron Headley (1901–1969)
Charles Allanson-Winn, 7th Baron Headley (1902–1994)
Winn Baronets, of Nostel (1660)
Sir George Winn, 1st Baronet (–1667)
Sir Edmund Winn, 2nd Baronet (–1694)
Sir Rowland Winn, 3rd Baronet (1675–1722)
Sir Rowland Winn, 4th Baronet (–1765)
Sir Rowland Winn, 5th Baronet (1739–1785)
Sir Rowland Winn, 6th Baronet (1775–1805)
Sir Edmund Mark Winn, 7th Baronet (1762–1833)
Sir Charles Allanson-Winn, 8th Baronet (1784–1840) (had already succeeded as 2nd Baron Headley)
for further Baronets of Nostell, see the Barons Headley above
See also
Baron St Oswald
References
Work cited
Extinct baronies in the Peerage of Ireland
Noble titles created in 1797 |
4018533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inocenc%20Arno%C5%A1t%20Bl%C3%A1ha | Inocenc Arnošt Bláha | Inocenc Arnošt Bláha (1879–1960) was a prominent Czech sociologist and philosopher. Since 1922 the professor of sociology at the Masaryk university, Brno, 1950 pensioned. Bláha was the leading figure of the Brno school of sociology and author of the theoretical concept of 'federative functionalism'.
Bibliography
Město: sociologická studie ("City: a sociological study"), Praha 1914.
Filosofie mravnosti ("Philosophy of morals"), Brno: A.Píša 1922.
Sociologie sedláka a dělníka ("Sociology of farmer and worker"), Praha: Orbis 1925, 2nd ed. 1937.
Sociologie dětství ("A sociology of childhood"), 1927, (reed. 1930, 1946 revised, 1948).
Sociologie intelligence ("Sociology of the Intelligentsia"), Praha: Orbis 1937.
Sociologie ("Sociology"), ed. Juliána Obrdlíková, Praha: Academia 1968.
Československá sociologie: od svého vzniku do roku 1948 ("The Czechoslovak sociology from its origins until 1948"), ed. V. Kadlec, Brno: Doplněk 1997.
References
Biography
Czech philosophers
1879 births
1960 deaths
Masaryk University faculty
Czech sociologists |
4018542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giulio%20Prisco | Giulio Prisco | Giulio Prisco (born in Naples in 1957) is an Italian information technology virtual reality consultant; as well as a writer, futurist, transhumanist, and cosmist. He is an advocate of cryonics and contributes to the science and technology online magazine Tendencias21. He produced teleXLR8, an online talk program using virtual reality and video conferencing, and focused on highly imaginative science and
technology. He writes and speaks on a wide range of topics, including science, information technology, emerging technologies, virtual worlds, space exploration and futurology.
Prisco's ideas on virtual realities, technological immortality, mind uploading, and new scientific religions are extensively featured in the OUP books "Apocalyptic AI - Visions of Heaven in Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and Virtual Reality" and "Virtually Sacred - Myth and Meaning in World of Warcraft and Second Life". Prisco's ideas are also extensively featured in the 2017 book "Dynamic Secularization - Information Technology and the Tension Between Religion and Science" and the 2019 book "Transhumanism - Engineering the Human Condition: History, Philosophy and Current Status", both published by Springer.
Formerly a researcher at CERN, a staff member at the European Space Agency, and a senior manager at the European Union Satellite Centre Prisco is a physicist and computer scientist. He served as a member on the board of directors of World Transhumanist Association, of which he was temporarily executive director, and the board of directors of the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies,
from which he resigned in 2021.
He is currently the president of the Associazione Italiana
Transumanisti. He is also a founding member of the Order of Cosmic Engineers, and the Turing Church, fledgling organizations which claim that the benefits of a technological singularity, which would come from accelerating change, should or would be viable alternatives to the promises of major religious groups.
Prisco has been repeatedly at odds with technocritic Dale Carrico who argues that transhumanism is technological utopianism turned into a new religious movement. Prisco agrees but counters that transhumanism is an “unreligion” because it offers many of the benefits of religion without its drawbacks.
Published works
Books
Prisco has published two books. The first, published in 2018 and again in 2020 with its second edition, is titled, "Tales of the Turing Church: Hacking religion, enlightening science, awakening technology". The second book, published in 2021, is titled "Futurist spaceflight meditations".
Book chapters
Prisco has also written the chapter "Transcendent Engineering" for the 2013 book "The Transhumanist Reader: Classical and Contemporary Essays on the Science, Technology, and Philosophy of the Human Future" and the chapter "Future Evolution of Virtual Worlds as Communication Environments" in the 2010 Springer book "Online Worlds: Convergence of the Real and the Virtual".
References
External links
Giulio Prisco's central website
Turing Church website
Turing Church newsletter & podcast
Tendencias21 (a Spanish language online magazine on futurism)
Associazione Italiana Transumanisti (about page)
1957 births
Living people
Businesspeople in information technology
Italian consultants
20th-century Italian physicists
Italian computer scientists
Italian science writers
Italian transhumanists |
4018549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%20process | Miller process | The Miller process is an industrial-scale chemical procedure used to refine gold to a high degree of purity (99.5%). It was invented by Francis Bowyer Miller (patented 1867). This chemical process involves blowing a stream of pure chlorine gas over and through a crucible filled with molten, but impure, gold. This process purifies the gold because nearly all other elements will form chlorides before gold does, and they can then be removed as salts that are insoluble in the molten metal.
When all impurities have been removed from the gold (observable by a change in flame color) the gold is removed and processed in the manner required for sale or use. The resulting gold is 99.5% pure, but of lower purity than gold produced by the other common refining method, the Wohlwill process, which produces gold to 99.999% purity.
The Wohlwill process is commonly used for producing high-purity gold, such as in electronics work and the manufacture of some silicates, where exacting standards of purity are required. When highest purity gold is not required, refiners often utilize the Miller process due to its relative ease, quicker turnaround times, and because it does not tie up the large amount of gold in the form of chloroauric acid which the Wohlwill process permanently requires for the electrolyte.
See also
Gold parting
References
Metallurgical processes
Gold industry |
4018564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawa | Mawa | Mawa may refer to:
Mentoring Artists for Women's Art. This organization encourages and supports the intellectual and creative development of women in the visual arts.
Mawa, Bangladesh
Mawa clawed frog, a species of frog endemic to Cameroon
Mawa Gare, a village and former railway station in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Orang Mawas, a proposed hominid cryptid reported to inhabit the jungle of Johor in Malaysia
Mawa language (Chad),
Mawa language (Nigeria), an unclassified language
Khoa, a milk product also known as Mawa |
4018571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombey | Colombey | Colombey may refer to:
Colombey-les-Belles, Meurthe-et-Moselle, France
Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, Haute-Marne, France, home of Charles de Gaulle
See also
Collombey-Muraz, a municipality in Valais, Switzerland
Battle of Borny–Colombey, 1870 near Metz, part of the Franco–Prussian War |
4018572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Blanchard%20Stowell | Thomas Blanchard Stowell | Thomas Blanchard Stowell (1846–1927) was a distinguished American educator.
Stowell was born on March 29, 1846 in Perry, New York. In 1865, at the age of 19, he graduated from Genesee College (now Syracuse University). He went on to earn a Master's degree in 1868 and a Ph.D. in 1881 from the same institution.
After graduating from college in 1865, he became principal of the Addison Academy in Addison, New York. One year later, he was in charge of the Academic Department of the Union School in Morrisville, New York. The next year he was a professor of mathematics at Genesee Wesleyan Seminary. The year after he was principal of Morris High School in Leavenworth, Kansas.
In 1869 Stowell became the Chair of Natural Sciences at the new (founded 1868) Cortland State Normal School in Cortland, New York, now known as the State University of New York at Cortland. After having just held four jobs in four years, he stayed at Cortland for 20 years.
Stowell left Cortland in 1889 to become the principal of the Potsdam Normal School in Potsdam, New York, now known as the State University of New York at Potsdam. He remained at Potsdam for another 20 years. In 1909 he was awarded an honorary LL.D. from St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York.
In 1909 Stowell left Potsdam to become the founding chair of the new Department of Education in the College of Liberal Arts at the University of Southern California (USC). In 1918 USC established its School of Education, and Stowell became the founding dean of the school.
In addition to his administrative roles, Stowell was also an accomplished scientist. His work included the fields of human and comparative anatomy, microscopy, and comparative neurology. He was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; a charter member of the Association of American Anatomists and a member of their nomenclature committee; and a member of the Microscopy Society of America and American History Association. Stowell was particularly known for his pamphlets on the origin and cranial nerves of the domestic cat. In 1891 he was a contributor to Volume 1 of The Journal of Comparative Neurology.
Thomas Blanchard Stowell retired in 1919 after a career of 54 years in education. The University of Southern California named the Thomas Blanchard Stowell Hall of Education and Stowell Research Library in his honor. In 1963 SUNY Potsdam named its Stowell Hall in his honor.
References
"New Science Building Honors Thomas Blanchard Stowell" Watertown (NY) Times 1964-01-23.
Who's Who in the Pacific Southwest Los Angeles: Times-Mirror Print. & Binding House, 1913, p. 356.
"Honoring the Past, Inventing the Future: USC Celebrates its 125th Anniversary; Rossier School its 110th" UrbanEd: The Magazine of the USC Rossier School of Education Spring/Summer 2005. pp. 40–42.
Haines, D.E. The contributors to volume 1 (1891) of The Journal of Comparative Neurology: C.L. Herrick, C.H. Turner, H.R. Pemberton, B.G. Wilder, F.W. Langdon, C.J. Herrick, C. von Kupffer, O.S. Strong, T.B. Stowell." The Journal of Comparative Neurology 314:9-33, 1991.
People from Wyoming County, New York
American school principals
Schoolteachers from New York (state)
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
1846 births
1927 deaths
State University of New York at Cortland faculty
American scientists |
4018578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Son%20of%20Mine | No Son of Mine | "No Son of Mine" is a song by British rock group Genesis, released as the lead single from their 14th album, We Can't Dance (1991). The song reached 6 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 12 on the US Billboard Hot 100 (the band's first not to enter the top 10 since 1984's "Taking It All Too Hard"). It was also a top-10 hit in several European countries and peaked atop Canada's RPM Top Singles chart for five weeks.
Lyrics and music
The song's lyrics tell the story of a boy who runs away from his abusive home, and—after some reconsideration—attempts to return, only to be rebuked by his father. In interviews, Phil Collins has said that the lyrics are deliberately vague as to whether the narrator or his mother is the victim of the abuse.
The song has a distinctive sound heard during the intro and before the second verse. Referred to by the band as "elephantus", the sound was created by Tony Banks recording Mike Rutherford's guitar with a sampler and then playing three notes on the bottom register of the keyboard, greatly lowering the pitch. The working title of "No Son of Mine" was "Elephantus". The sound is also featured in the opening of the "I Can't Dance" single B-side "On the Shoreline". A similar sound is heard in former Genesis member Peter Gabriel's song "I Grieve", which was released a few years later, on the soundtrack to City of Angels.
The single included the eighth track from We Can't Dance, "Living Forever", as the B-side. The radio edit fades out the song's extended outro a minute in advance and deletes part of the second chorus. The music video makes use of the complete album version.
Music video
The video for this song is melancholic, illustrating the scene in sepia tone. The video depicts what is discussed in the song, which is a conversation between a son and his father. During the last chorus, snowflakes begin appearing flying around the house; eventually, at the end, the scene pulls out to reveal that the scenes of confrontation have taken place in a snow globe that the son is holding.
Live performances
A live version appears on the albums The Way We Walk, Volume One: The Shorts, and Live Over Europe 2007, as well as on their DVDs The Way We Walk - Live in Concert and When in Rome 2007.
Track listings
7-inch and cassette single
"No Son of Mine"
"Living Forever"
12-inch and CD single
"No Son of Mine"
"Living Forever"
"Invisible Touch" (live)
Personnel
Phil Collins – drums, lead and backing vocals
Tony Banks – keyboards
Mike Rutherford – lead, rhythm and bass guitars
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
1990s ballads
1991 singles
1991 songs
Atlantic Records singles
Genesis (band) songs
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Songs about child abuse
Songs about children
Songs about fathers
Songs written by Mike Rutherford
Songs written by Phil Collins
Songs written by Tony Banks (musician)
Virgin Records singles |
4018582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinic%20for%20Special%20Children | Clinic for Special Children | The Clinic for Special Children (CSC) is a primary pediatric care and gene research clinic located in Strasburg, Pennsylvania. The facility specializes in genetic problems of the plain sects, such as the Amish and Old Order Mennonites. It was founded in 1989. The most common genetic disorders treated by the Clinic are glutaric acidemia type I (GA1), which is common in the Amish population and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), which has a high prevalence in the Old Order Mennonites.
Establishment
The Clinic for Special Children was founded by the Plain community with Dr. D. Holmes Morton and his wife, Caroline in 1989. The clinic building was raised by the Plain community and completed in 1990 while an addition was added in 2000. In addition to patient care facilities, the Clinic also houses its own laboratories, providing rapid biochemical and molecular genetic testing. The Clinic sees over 1,100 active patients and performs about 4,000 biochemical and genetic tests each year.
References
External links
Official site
Genomics in Amish Country
Scientists discover genetic defect responsible for devastating brain disorder among Amish babies
Amish in Pennsylvania |
4018584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivia%20Barash | Olivia Barash | Olivia Barash (born January 11, 1965) is an American actress. She began her career as a child actor, appearing in television series such as Little House on the Prairie, Charlie's Angels, and Soap. She subsequently had a lead role on the short-lived sitcom In the Beginning, which originally aired in 1978. She also had a lead role in the Walt Disney television film Child of Glass (1978). As a young adult, Barash established herself in supporting film roles in Repo Man (1984), Tuff Turf (1985), Patty Hearst (1988), and Floundering (1994).
Biography
Early life and performances
Barash was born January 11, 1965 in Miami, Florida. Barash was raised in New York City, and began acting professionally at age 11. During her early years of acting, singing and dancing in classic musicals on stage in New York, she starred as "Baby June" in Gypsy with Angela Lansbury. She was the first child actress to win the New York Critic's Circle Award. Moving to Hollywood as a teen with her family, she attended Palisades High School in Pacific Palisades, California and graduated in 1982.
Barash appeared in the pilot episode of The Incredible Hulk, aping the famous "flower girl" scene from James Whale's Frankenstein. In this version, she befriends the Hulk, but their friendship is cut short by her hunter father, who shoots the Hulk with a rifle, causing the Hulk to hurl him hundreds of feet into a nearby lake. Barash also appeared as a guest in two episodes of Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman in 1977, and in 1978, was cast in a main role on the sitcom In the Beginning, which followed a conservative Catholic priest and liberal, socially-conscious nun who run a mission in Baltimore; the series ran only five episodes on CBS, though a total of nine were filmed before the series was canceled. The same year, she starred in the Walt Disney television film Child of Glass, in which she portrayed the ghost of a young girl murdered during the Antebellum era.
Later career
In 1984, Barash appeared in Repo Man, in which she had a supporting role playing a UFO cultist. The following year, she appeared opposite Robert Downey, Jr., James Spader and Kim Richards in the teen drama Tuff Turf (1985). In 1987, Barash had a main supporting role in the television series Fame, playing Maxie Sharp. In 1988, she had a supporting role in Paul Schrader's biopic Patty Hearst.
In 1990, Oliver Stone wrote Barash into The Doors portraying a folksinger on the Sunset Strip, performing her original song, Who's Walking Away published by It's True You Boys Music (BMI).
Barash went on to sign to Warner Chappell Music as a songwriter/artist in 1992. Her focus shifted to recording and playing her music through the nineties and into this century.
Now getting back into film and television.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
American film actresses
American child actresses
American television actresses
Actresses from Miami
Actresses from New York City
1965 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses |
4018590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20State%20Route%20300 | Georgia State Route 300 | State Route 300 (SR 300, also called the Georgia–Florida Parkway), is a state highway in the southern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. Its southern terminus is at the Florida state line south-southeast of Thomasville, where the roadway continues as US 19/SR 57. This is also the southern terminus of SR 3, with which US 19 and SR 300 travel concurrently through the southern part of the state. Its northern terminus is at Interstate 75 (I-75) in Cordele.
This is the second state route in Georgia to carry the SR 300 designation. The earlier one, in a different part of the state, was much shorter, traveling from Monticello to a point northeast of Monticello (and about north of Eatonton), and existed from the 1960s to the 1980s.
Route description
Florida to Albany
SR 300 begins at the Florida state line, where it is concurrent with US 19. On the Florida side of the state line, US 19 is concurrent with Florida State Road 57 (SR 57, which is unsigned), and is known as the Florida–Georgia Parkway. At the state line, SR 3 and SR 300 begin. US 19/SR 3/SR 300 head northwest until they enter Thomasville. In the city, they intersect US 84/SR 38, which head east to Valdosta. Here, they join the concurrency. Also, this intersection marks the eastern terminus of US 84 Business/SR 38 Business. Farther to the northwest, the five routes intersect US 319/SR 35, where US 84/SR 38 depart to the west, along with SR 3 Alternate (SR 3 Alt.). In Meigs, SR 111 intersects the concurrency, along with the northern terminus of SR 3 Alt. In Camilla, the highways have intersections with SR 37 and SR 112, and curve to make a slight jog to the northeast until they reach Albany.
Albany to Cordele
Most of the route of SR 300 in Albany is on the Liberty Expressway, a freeway-grade bypass of the city's downtown to the northeast. In the southeastern part of the city is an intersection with SR 133, which joins the concurrency, and the eastern terminus of SR 234. Nearly later, the concurrency intersects US 19 Bus./US 82 Bus./SR 520 Bus., where US 19 Bus. has its southern terminus. Slightly later is US 82/SR 520. They join the US 19/SR 3/SR 133 concurrency, while US 82/SR 300/SR 520 head east for just over , where SR 300 splits off to the northeast. It travels through rural areas until it reaches the Cordele area. Just before entering Cordele proper is SR 300 Connector and US 41/SR 7. Upon entering Cordele, the route meets its northern terminus, an interchange with I-75.
History
1920s
The roadway that would eventually become the current SR 300 was established in 1920 as SR 3 from Thomasville to Albany, via Camilla. By October 1926, nearly all of the aforementioned route was paved. By October 1929, SR 3 was extended southwest to where US 319 currently crosses the state line. US 19 was designated along this route to Thomasville, and then its current route from Thomasville to Albany. SR 35 was designated along a portion of highway that is the current route of US 19 from the Florida state line to Thomasville.
1930s
By 1935, nearly all of the northern half of the section of SR 35 between the Florida state line and Thomasville was paved. Prior to the beginning of 1936, nearly all of that section of SR 35 was paved. By July, the rest of that section was paved. In March 1937, the section of SR 300 that currently travels from Albany to Cordele was established as a northern extension of SR 133. By October the routings of the portions of US 19 southwest of Thomasville was shifted to its current routing, while SR 3 stayed on its original routing. The following August, a small portion of SR 133 southwest of Cordele was paved.
1940s
By 1944, a very brief section of SR 133 northeast of Albany was paved. In early 1946, approximately half of the length of SR 133 between Warwick and Cordele was paved. In early 1948, all of SR 133 was redesignated as SR 257. The section of SR 257 from Albany to the intersection with SR 32 and the section from Lake Blackshear to Cordele were paved. In 1950, nearly all of SR 257 was paved.
1950s to 1980s
By 1952, the entire roadway that would eventually become SR 300 was paved. A section of the highway from Albany to Cordele was proposed as Interstate 175 and then cancelled, but in early 1982, the Georgia–Florida Parkway was approved to be designated along the entire stretch of what is now SR 300. By the next year, all of SR 257 was redesignated as SR 300 and the designation was applied to the rest of its current route. Later that year, the routings of SR 3 and SR 35 south of Thomasville were swapped.
Major intersections
Cordele connector route
State Route 300 Connector (SR 300 Conn.) is a connector route of the SR 300 mainline that exists entirely within Crisp County. It follows Old Albany Highway from an intersection with SR 300 southwest of Cordele and travels northeast until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with US 280/SR 30 west of the city.
See also
References
External links
Georgia Roads (Routes 281 - 300)
Georgia State Route 300 on State-Ends.com
Interstate 175 Georgia on Kurumi.com
300
Transportation in Thomas County, Georgia
Transportation in Mitchell County, Georgia
Transportation in Dougherty County, Georgia
Transportation in Worth County, Georgia
Transportation in Crisp County, Georgia |
4018606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show%20Me%20Your%20Soul | Show Me Your Soul | "Show Me Your Soul" is a song by the funk rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers that was recorded in 1990 and produced by John Norwood Fisher of Fishbone and features Billy Preston on keyboard. It was not, as is commonly believed, recorded during the Mother's Milk sessions. However, it was recorded during the first part of the Mother's Milk tour. "Show Me Your Soul" was recorded for the soundtrack of the film Pretty Woman, and was shortly after released as the B-side to "Taste the Pain" in the US and UK. In Australia, it appeared as the B-side to the belated 1990 release of "Knock Me Down". Both singles credit the song as coming from the Pretty Woman soundtrack. A promo only single was released to promote the soundtrack and it is thought that it was meant to be a full single until a last minute change of plan. This peaked at number ten on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. The track was later included as the sole exclusive track on the 1992 compilation album What Hits!?.
There was a music video made for the song, which features the band in front of a Bluescreen. The video was directed by Bill Stobaugh, and edited by Scott C. Wilson. It was released on February 14, 1990 and also appears on the What Hits!? VHS/DVD and the 1993 Beavis and Butt-Head episode "Sign Here".
The song has never been performed live by the band, although they did once lip sync it for "Save the Planet", a TV special on April 4, 1990.
Track listing
12" radio promo single (1990)
"Show Me Your Soul"
CD promo single (1990)
"Show Me Your Soul"
Charts
Personnel
Red Hot Chili Peppers
Anthony Kiedis - lead vocals
Flea - bass, backing vocals
John Frusciante - guitar, backing vocals
Chad Smith - drums
Additional musicians
Billy Preston - keyboards
References
Red Hot Chili Peppers songs
1990 singles
Songs written for films
Songs written by Flea (musician)
Songs written by John Frusciante
Songs written by Anthony Kiedis
Songs written by Chad Smith
1990 songs |
4018617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford%20High%20School%2C%20Bedfordshire | Bedford High School, Bedfordshire | Bedford High School for Girls was an independent school for pupils aged 7 to 18 in Bedford, England. It was one of a number of schools run by the Harpur Trust. The school was located on its original site in Harpur ward, near the centre of Bedford, until its closure in 2012. In September 2010 the junior department of the school merged with the junior department of Dame Alice Harpur School. From September 2011 to September 2012 the senior schools also merged, the new school is known as Bedford Girls' School.
History
The school was opened on May 8, 1882. It was built on the site of former Harpur Trust cottage almshouses. Under the early headmistresses Miss Belcher, Miss Collier, Miss Tanner and Katharine Westaway the school expanded enormously. In 1924 Miss Tanner moved to Roedean School and she was replaced by Miss Westaway who was a classicist.
New school buildings encroached on the nearby houses of Adelaide Square and The Crescent, but never blocking the view of the fine Victorian architecture of the main building from Bromham Road. The original school at first housed both the "High and Modern School for Girls". Each school had its own half of the building, but by the end of the century the Modern School moved to premises of its own in the centre of the town, and in 1938 to its present site near the river where, from 1946, it became known as Dame Alice Harpur School.
The High School underwent many extensions and additions to its buildings. The Junior School acquired a new wing in 1896, and remained there until moving into a building in Adelaide Square in 1985. In the 1890s the Main Hall was extended out towards the road so that it became T shaped. It also obtained a pipe organ built by Norman and Beard of Norwich which was used for daily assemblies. Other notable changes included the gym built in 1931 which became a theatre, the acquisition of the former Trinity Church which was converted into a dining hall with classrooms above in 1981 and, most recently, in 2005, the new sports and performing arts complex with many facilities including a 25 x 13 m swimming pool.
At first the morning register was called in the hall after assembly, but soon the numbers had exceeded 100 and so registers were taken in the form rooms. By the turn of the century the numbers were above 600, at which level they stabilised until the late seventies when again they grew, reaching around a thousand in the eighties.
Sport in the early years of the school consisted of drill given by a sergeant. The gymnastic dress was made of heavy thick blue serge with a light blue sailor collar. Games only began when an asphalt tennis court was laid down in what became the playground. In 1900 the school acquired the field which is where the girls went to play games. The flourishing of a lively PE department owed much to the vision of PE teacher Miss Stansfeld (BHS 1887-1918). Before its closure, the school had 22 acres (89,000 m²) of games field and a spa centre ('the Canary Cage'), formally opened in 2005 by past pupil Dr Stephanie Cook OBE, (Olympic gold champion and World Champion in the modern pentathlon).
Music, Dance and Drama always played a large part in school life: "Miss Belcher was keen on music, and arranged for five pianos to be placed in a large room, each enclosed in as many glass cases, and just big enough for a pupil and a music teacher. In this way, it was said, the girls would be able to practise in school without disturbing one another! It probably had more to do with making it possible for one mistress to chaperone the girls with their music masters. Mr Bond-Andrews, the piano teacher, would have none of it: he dragged the first piano out of its glass case, wishing with all his heart for it to be suffocated. Dr Harding was in charge of music for four decades: designing the new organ, and building up a music department with excellent orchestras and choirs. Today there are still those who remember the dreaded Miss Joyce Harding, his daughter, who trained the choirs, and auditioned all junior girls at the beginning of each year. Those who could not sing in tune were labelled "ghosties" and were only allowed to mouth!" This tradition of mouthing continued to the closure of the school. Musical alumnae include the soprano Agnes Nicholls (Lady Hamilton Harty), the clarinetist Dame Thea King, and more recently the soprano Alison Buchanan and cellist Naomi Williams.
Royalty have visited the school on two occasions. King George V and Queen Mary paid a visit in 1918 and they complimented Miss Collie on the way the girls curtsied, and Dr Harding on the way they sang "God Save the King". On another occasion, in 1942, they sang the Yugoslavian national anthem. This was for the visit of Queen Marie of Yugoslavia. A governor was heard to remark afterwards how clever the choir were to learn it in such a short time, and in a foreign language. They had, in fact, been singing the song in English.
From the start in 1882 hymns were sung every day, accompanied by the piano and then, from 1898, on Mr William's organ. Girls always kneeled for prayers, even in the early 1960s when on one occasion a girl in the front row of the gallery knelt down rather quickly, thrusting her head between the vertical wooden railings where it got stuck! A railing had to be sawn through in order to free her. A bible reading, a hymn and a chanted psalm were mandatory until the 1980s when psalm singing went out of fashion. Hymns were still sung regularly, and assemblies were always centred on enforcing the religion of Christianity, or school matters such as the correct way to wear uniform.
Later history
Before closure about ten percent of the girls attending the school were boarders, living in four boarding houses: Wimborne Grange, The Quantocks, Westlands and The Chilterns. Many day girls travelled quite long journeys to the school. Girls studied for GCSEs and A levels as well as the International Baccalaureate. In the last years the school took on a very multicultural character, reflected not just in the English language support given to the international students and the variety of Language A levels taken, but also in the social life: linguistic assemblies and fundraising days in which girls were sponsored for a variety of things, such as speaking all day in a language other than their mother tongue. In the sports department girls frequently competed at county and national levels, and the hockey and lacrosse teams travelled to the Netherlands, Canada, Australia, and Prague. In the music department tuition was offered in all orchestral instruments, keyboard, guitar, piano, recorder, percussion, and singing, and there were choirs and orchestras.
The last school uniform consisted of a traditional Scottish kilt in school tartan, a green or navy blue jumper and a white shirt with a small green eagle representative of the Harpur Trust sewn into the collar.
Merger
In July 2009 the Harpur Trust announced its intention to merge Bedford High School with Dame Alice Harpur School, because the schools had seen a drop in pupil numbers over the years: In 1990 more than 2,000 girls were on the rolls of the two schools, but in 2009 there were only 1,500. In November 2009 it was announced that the new merged school would be called Bedford Girls' School, and would be located on the current site of Dame Alice Harpur School. The junior department of the new school opened in September 2010, when the junior schools of Bedford High and Dame Alice Harper merged on the Cardington Road site. The senior department of Bedford High School started to transfer to the new school in September 2011, with the full merger, including the sixth form department completed in September 2012.
In September 2012, Bedford College leased most of the site of the former Bedford High School for a campus in the north of Bedford town centre. The college later bought the old main school buildings, Trinity Church, and the Sports and Performing Arts (SPA) complex from owners, the Harpur Trust in March 2014. The college does not occupy the neighbouring accommodation such as former houses in Adelaide Square that were used by the school. The Bedford Sixth Form (which is Bedford College’s branding of its sixth form provision) now occupies the campus and the SPA complex runs under Trinity Arts & Leisure, managed by Bedford College Services Ltd.
Headmistresses
1882-1882 Mrs A McDowall (d.1882)
1883-1898 Miss M Belcher (d.1898)
1899-1919 Miss Susan Collie
1920-1924 Miss E Tanner
1924-1949 Miss K Westaway
1949-1965 Miss M Watkins
1965-1976 Miss E Wallen
1976-1987 Mrs A Kaye
1987-1994 Miss D Otter (became Mrs D Willis)
1994-1995 Miss M Churm
1995-2000 Mrs B Stanley
2000-2006 Mrs G Piotrowska
2006–2012 Mrs J. Eldridge (was Mrs J. Pendry)
Exploits of Old Girls in wartime
Headmistress Katharine Westaway wrote a book detailing the activities and difficulties of old girls during World War II. So many of them did work that would have astounded previous generations: she quotes
"What do you mean to do when you leave school?"
"I am joining the A.T.S."
"What will you do there?"
"I want to be a gunner."
Many of the girls joined the services: three joined the Air Transport Auxiliary: "These women used to check over the aeroplanes when they left the factories, certify them, and ferry them to the aerodromes from which they were to work, so they needed a theoretical and a practical knowledge of a very high order..."
Some of the girls were resident in the Far East and were subject to the horrors of war: their husbands became prisoners of war of the Japanese, or were killed, or they themselves were interned.
Many of the girls were at home, and even they were subject to bombing, in many cases being bombed out of their houses. They took on new duties in civilian life in support of the war effort; notable were those old girls whose administrative skills were put to work in arranging the evacuation of children, involving encouraging support from sometimes reluctant householders.
Notable former pupils
Dora Carrington, painter and member of the Bloomsbury Group
Gladys Chatterjee, Lady Chatterjee, educator and barrister
Stephanie Cook, pentathlete
Jocasta Innes, author
Sarah Pinborough, author
Thea King, clarinetist
May McKisack, historian
Dora Metcalf, entrepreneur, engineer and mathematician
Agnes Nicholls, operatic soprano
Margaret Partridge (1891–1967), electrical engineer
Rosemary Rapaport, violinist
Ethel Shakespear, geologist
The Other Bedford High School
There is another school of the same name, but that is co-ed, and in Wigan.
References
A History of Bedford High School ed. K.M.Westaway; F.R.Hockliffe(1932)
A History of Bedford High School ed K.M. Westaway; Bedford(1957)
A Century of Challenge: Bedford High School 1882 to 1982;
External links
Official Bedford High School website
Defunct schools in the Borough of Bedford
Girls' schools in Bedfordshire
Educational institutions established in 1882
Educational institutions disestablished in 2012
Boarding schools in Bedfordshire
1882 establishments in England
2012 disestablishments in England
Defunct girls' schools in the United Kingdom
Defunct boarding schools in England |
4018626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efr%C3%A9n%20P%C3%A9rez%20Rivera | Efrén Pérez Rivera | Efrén Pérez Rivera (March 10, 1929 – May 15, 2011) was a Puerto Rican environmentalist leader and college professor. He got married at the age of 28 with Pezinka Berenguer, till the day he died. He had three children with her, Efrén Pérez Berenguer, Manuel Pérez Berenguer, and José Luis Pérez Berenguer
Biography
Efrén Pérez Rivera was born on March 10, 1929, at Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, where he lived during his first years. At the age of four, he moved with his family to Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico. He attended the College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (known today as the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez), obtaining a bachelor's degree in biology in 1952. Pérez later became a professor of biology and chemistry at the Peñuelas High School.
Pérez did his obligatory military service in the U.S. Army during the Korean War, during which he was stationed in Hawaii.
In 1953, he worked at the Agricultural Experimental Station at both Isabela and Lajas. He later obtained a master's degree in environmental health from the Tropical School of Medicine at San Juan.
Community involvement
During the 1960s, Pérez became a member of Cabo Rojo's Credit and Savings Cooperative( Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito de Cabo Rojo) and joined its Education Committee. As a member of this committee, he visited the communities of Cabo Rojo and worked to make the public aware of the philosophy and advantages of the cooperative movement. Also, he was the president of the Supervision Committee. During the first half of the 1970s, he worked in the Cooperative Development Administration. In December 1977 he obtained a master's degree in Horticulture from the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. He then went on to become a professor in the College of Agricultural Science from that institution. During this time, he also took an active role in the organization of Cabo Rojo's Cooperative Pharmacy (Farmacia Cooperativa de Cabo Rojo) and became the president of its board of directors.
In 1983 he became the president of the Puerto Rican Independence Party's (PIP) Cabo Rojo committee. In 1988, under his presidency, the party obtained the largest percentage of local votes for the governor's seat in the history of Cabo Rojo (11.2%). He also obtained the largest percentage of votes for a district representative seat, compared with the rest of his fellow candidates.
His knowledge and convictions led him to join the environmental crusades against the Adjuntas copper mines, the construction of Club Med in Guánica, the installation of a Voice of America transmitter in Cabo Rojo, the construction of the Cogentrix carbon-based electrical plant in Mayagüez, amongst others.
In 1990 Pérez organized Caborrojeños Pro Salud y Ambiente This organization was designed to encourage and promote the well-being, the conservation of natural resources and the sustainable economic development of the Cabo Rojo region. Caborrojeños pro Salud y Ambiente along with United States Fish and Wildlife Service were the primary promoters of a research and visitors center located at the Cabo Rojo salt mines. The center is named Centro Intepretativo Las Salinas De Cabo Rojo don Efrén Pérez Rivera in his honor.
In a joint venture with the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, the committee had a major role in the restoration project of Isla de Ratones, a small key by the coast of Cabo Rojo that is rapidly losing its surface area due to erosion. Pérez has occupied the presidency of Caborrojeños pro Salud y Ambiente several times from its inception through 2005 when he was succeeded by fellow professor Pedro Valle Carlo. Pérez died on May 15, 2011.
Awards and recognitions
Pérez has been recognized by several institutions and organization for his civic work and pro-environment values. Some of the institutions and organizations that have recognized his work are:
The University of Puerto Rico
The Ana G. Mendez University System
Jornada de Betances
Cooperativa de Ahorro y Credito de Cabo Rojo
Farmacia Cooperativa de Cabo Rojo
The municipal government of Cabo Rojo
The Puerto Rico Tourism Company
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Pérez has also received several awards, including:
1999 - Public Awareness Award, Conferencia de Bosque de Puerto Rico
2000 - Environmental Award, Universidad Interamericana of San Germán
2003 - Environmental Quality Award, Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.)
2005 - Named part of the E.P.A.'s Environmental Justice Advisory Council
See also
List of Puerto Ricans
References
External links
Bio Page at Pro Ambiente Puerto Rico (In Spanish)''
1929 births
2011 deaths
Puerto Rican scientists
People from Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
United States Army soldiers |
4018641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen%20Concept%20R | Volkswagen Concept R | The Volkswagen Concept R is a concept car developed by the German automaker Volkswagen and officially unveiled at the September 2003 Frankfurt Auto Show. It is a study of a sporty two seat roadster, with mid-engine and rear wheel drive. The Concept R is powered by a V6 3.2 L FSI petrol engine developing a maximum output of at 6,250 rpm and of torque at 2,800 rpm.
It is strong enough to accelerate the car from 0 to 100 km/h in 5.3 seconds, and make it reach the electronically limited top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). Without the speed governor, the car would be even able to reach the top speed of 270 km/h (167 mph). The power is transferred to the road via a six speed direct-shift gearbox.
The designer team for this concept was led by Murat Günak and Peter Schreyer, and broke the ground for the Volkswagen brand in developing the roadster vehicle. At of length, of width and of height, the Concept R roadster has almost the same length and width as the fifth generation Volkswagen Golf hatchback, on whose platform it has been built.
The concept has some interesting design features such as the Volkswagen logo, which is generated digitally by a display and begins to pulsate in the so-called OLED screen when the driver turns on the ignition. When the ignition is activated, the pulse stops.
Also, its seats are not adjustable in any way and the driver must electrically move the polished metal information block of the instrument panel, including the steering wheel and pedal cluster back or forth to find the correct seating position. For the first time in a sports car, the seats are filled with active foam which adapts to the body shape of the driver and passenger.
At a press dinner held during the 2005 North American International Auto Show, Bernd Pischetsrieder, the chairman of the Volkswagen Group, confirmed that Volkswagen intended to build a production vehicle similar to this concept. As of , no production model has appeared, however another, similar, concept car, the Volkswagen Concept BlueSport, was unveiled at the 2009 North American International Auto Show.
External links and references
RSportsCars.com - with story and both exterior and interior pictures
Dr. Pischetsrieder confirms Concept R production - from VWvortex
Concept R |
4018649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanyderidae | Tanyderidae | Tanyderidae, sometimes called primitive crane flies, are long, thin, delicate flies with spotted wings, superficially similar in appearance to some Tipulidae, Trichoceridae, and Ptychopteridae. Most species are restricted in distribution. They are found in many parts of the world, including North America, South America, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and various islands in the Pacific Ocean. Adults are usually found hanging from vegetation near streams. Larvae are found either in sandy stream margins or in wet, rotten wood. Fossil species are known.
Taxonomy
Based on
Nannotanyderinae
†Coramus
Coramus gedanensis Baltic amber, Eocene 37.2 - 33.9 Ma
†Dacochile Poinar & Brown, 2004
Dacochile microsoma, Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian, 99 Ma
†Nannotanyderus
Nannotanyderus ansorgei Lebanese amber, Barremian, 130-125 Ma
Nannotanyderus grimmenensis "Green Series", Germany, Toarcian 183 - 182 Ma
Nannotanyderus incertus Shar-Teg, Mongolia, Tithonian, 150.8 - 145.5 Ma
Nannotanyderus krzeminskii "Green Series", Germany, Toarcian, 183 - 182 Ma
Nannotanyderus kubekovensis Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan Callovian/Oxfordian 164.7 - 155.7 Ma
Nannotanyderus oliviae Charmouth Mudstone Formation, United Kingdom, Sinemurian, 196.5 - 189.6 Ma
Peringueyomyina
Peringueyomyina barnardi South Africa
Tanyderinae
†Espanoderus
Espanoderus barbarae Alava amber (Escucha Formation), Spain, Albian 105.3 - 99.7 Ma
Espanoderus orientalis Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian, 99 Ma
†Similinannotanyderus
Similinannotanyderus lii Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian, 99 Ma
Similinannotanyderus longitergata Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian, 99 Ma
Similinannotanyderus zbigniewi Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian, 99 Ma
†Macrochile
Macrochile spectrum Baltic amber, Eocene 37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Macrochile hornei Baltic amber, Eocene 37.2 - 33.9 Ma
†Podemacrochile
Podemacrochile baltica Baltic amber, Eocene 37.2 - 33.9 Ma
†Praemacrochile
Praemacrochile ansorgei Daohugou, China, Karabastau Formation, Shar-Teg Middle-Late Jurassic 164.7 to 145.5 Ma
Praemacrochile chinensis Daohugou, China, Callovian/Oxfordian ~ 160 Ma
Praemacrochile decipiens Posidonia Shale, Germany, Toarcian 183.0 to 182.0 Ma
Praemacrochile dobbertinensis, "Green Series", Germany, Toarcian 183.0 to 182.0 Ma
Praemacrochile dryasis Daohugou, China, Callovian/Oxfordian ~ 160 Ma
Praemacrochile kaluginae Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan Callovian/Oxfordian 164.7 to 155.7 Ma
Praemacrochile ovalum Daohugou, China, Callovian/Oxfordian ~ 160 Ma
Praemacrochile stackelbergi Ichetuy Formation, Russia, Oxfordian 159-156 Ma
Protanyderus (extinct) Note: Lukashevich (2018) considers the assignation of these species to the living genus to be "in doubt" due to differing morphological characters
Protanyderus astictum Daohugou, China, Callovian/Oxfordian ~ 160 Ma
Protanyderus invalidus Itat Formation, Russia, Bajocian-Bathonian 171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Protanyderus mesozoicus Tsagaantsav Formation, Mongolia, Barremian, 130-125 Ma
Protanyderus nebulosus Shar-Teg, Mongolia, Tithonian, 150.8 - 145.5 Ma
Protanyderus savtchenkoi Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan Callovian/Oxfordian 164.7 to 155.7 Ma
Protanyderus senilis Shar-Teg, Mongolia, Tithonian, 150.8 - 145.5 Ma
Protanyderus vetus Shar-Teg, Mongolia, Tithonian, 150.8 - 145.5 Ma
Protanyderus vulcanium Daohugou, China, Callovian/Oxfordian ~ 160 Ma
Araucoderus
Araucoderus gloriosus, Chile
Eutanyderus
Eutanyderus oreonympha Australia
Eutanyderus wilsoni Australia
Mischoderus
Mischoderus annuliferus (Hutton, 1901), New Zealand
Mischoderus forcipatus (Osten Sacken, 1880) New Zealand
Mischoderus marginatus (Edwards 1923), New Zealand
Mischoderus neptunus (Edwards 1923), New Zealand
Mischoderus varipes (Edwards 1923), New Zealand
Neoderus
Neoderus chonos Chile
Neoderus patagonicus Chile
Nothoderus
Nothoderus australiensis Tasmania
Protoplasa
Protoplasa fitchii, United States
Protanyderus (extant) Note: Villanueva (2017) considers Protanyderus to be a junior synonym of Protoplasa
Protanyderus alexanderi Kariya 1935 Japan (Shimajima-Dani)
Protanyderus beckeri (Riedel), 1920. Turkestan (Osch-Fergana)
Protanyderus esakii Alexander 1932 . Japan (Kyushu)
Protanyderus margarita Alexander 1948 USA (Rocky Mountains).
Protanyderus redeli Savchenko 1974 USSR (Gissar Range).
Protanyderus schmidi Alexander 1959 India (Uttar Pradesh)
Protanyderus sikkimensis Alexander 1961 India (Ramtang).
Protanyderus stackelbergi Savchenko 1971 Mongolia (Gatsur)
Protanyderus vanduzeei (Alexander 1918) USA (California).
Protanyderus venustipes Alexander 1961 India (Ramtang).
Protanyderus vipio (Osten Sacken 1877) USA (California).
Protanyderus yankovskyi Alexnder 1938 North Korea
Radinoderus
Radinoderus caledoniana Hynes, 1993 (New Caledonia)
Radinoderus dorrigensis Alexander, 1930. Australia (New South Wales).
Radinoderus holwai Alexander, 1946. Solomon Islands.
Radinoderus mirabilis (De Meijere), 1915a. Papua New Guinea.
Radinoderus occidentalis (Alexander), 1925. Australia (West Australia).
Radinoderus ochroceratus Colless, 1962. Papua New Guinea (Bouganville Island).
Radinoderus oculatus (Riedel), 1921. Papua New Guinea (PNG)
Radinoderus ornatissimus (Doleschall), 1858. Indonesia (Maluku).
Radinoderus pictipes Alexander, 1946. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).
Radinoderus solomonis (Alexander), 1924. Solomon Islands.
Radinoderus supernumerarius Alexander, 1953. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).
Radinoderus terrae-reginae (Alexander), 1924. Australia (Queensland)
Radinoderus toxopei Alexander, 1959a. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).
Tanyderus
Tanyderus pictus Philippi 1865 Chile, Concepcion
References
Borror, D.J., C.A. Triplehorn, & N.A. Johnson. 1989. An Introduction to the Study of Insects, Sixth edition. Saunders College Publishing.
Krzeminski, W. & D.D. Judd. 1997. Family Tanyderidae. Pp. 281–289, in: Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera, Vol.2. L. Papp & B. Darvas, eds. Science Herald, Budapest.
Poinar, G., Jr. & A.E. Brown. 2004. A New genus of primitive crane flies (Diptera: Tanyderidae) in Cretaceous Burmese amber, with a summary of fossil tanyderids. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 106: 339–345.
External links
Images at BugGuide
Nematocera families
Psychodomorpha |
4018663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immaculate%20Conception%20High%20School%20%28Lodi%2C%20New%20Jersey%29 | Immaculate Conception High School (Lodi, New Jersey) | Immaculate Conception High School (ICHS) is an American private, Roman Catholic, all-girls college-preparatory high school located in Lodi, in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The school operates under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. The school was founded in 1915 by the Felician Sisters. ICHS has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1961.
As of the 2019–20 school year, the school had an enrollment of 145 students and 17.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.1:1. The school's student body was 62.1% (90) White, 26.2% (38) Hispanic, 10.3% (15) Black and 1.4% (2) Asian. Average class size is 15 students. The administration, faculty and staff consist of three Felician Sisters, 19 women, and 8 men. About 98% of seniors pursue higher education.
History
Established in 1915, the school was granted approval by the state in November 1923 to operate as a secondary school. Constructed at a cost of $1 million (equivalent to $ million in ), Newark Diocese Archbishop Thomas Aloysius Boland officiated at ceremonies in September 1957 dedicating the new school, which had a student body of 500, including an incoming ninth grade class of nearly 150.
Athletics
The Immaculate Conception High School Blue Wolves participate in the North Jersey Interscholastic Conference, which is comprised of small-enrollment schools in Bergen, Hudson County, Morris County and Passaic County counties, and was created following a reorganization of sports leagues in Northern New Jersey by the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA). Prior to league realignment that took effect in the fall of 2010, Immaculate Conception was part of the smaller Bergen-Passaic Scholastic League (BPSL). With 320 students in grades 10-12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2019–20 school year as Non-Public B for most athletic competition purposes, which included schools with an enrollment of 37 to 366 students in that grade range (equivalent to Group I for public schools).
Sports offered include soccer, volleyball, tennis, cross country, basketball, softball, cheerleading, swimming and track.
Athletic accomplishments:
2004 Bowling Team: State Tournament Non-Public B sectionals
2005-06 Basketball Team: 2nd Place BPSL Carpenter, County Tournament, State Tournament Non-Public B semifinalist
2006 Softball Team: 2nd Place BPSL Carpenter, County Tournament, State Tournament Non-Public B semifinalist
2006-07 Basketball Team: 1st Place BPSL Carpenter, County Tournament, State Tournament Non-Public B finalist
Softball
The team won the Non-Public B state championship each year from 2013–2019. The seven consecutive titles are the longest streak in the state and the seven state titles are tied for fifth among all programs in New Jersey.
The softball team won its first state championship in 2013, defeating Sacred Heart High School by a score of 6–4 in the tournament final; Sacred Heart had defeated Immaculate Conception by a 3–1 score in the finals the previous season and was playing its final softball game before the school's closure at the end of the 2012–13 school year.
The team repeated as Non-Public B champion in 2014, with a 5–0 win against St. Joseph High School (Hammonton) in the final game of the tournament, finishing with a 27–2 record for the season.
The team won their third consecutive title in 2015 with a 2–1 win in a rematch against St. Joseph, coming from behind to win the tournament final by scoring one run in the bottom of the sixth inning and a walk-off run on a single with one out in the seventh, finishing the season with a 22–5 record.
In a game that marked Jeff Horohonich's 600th career victory as a coach, the team won its fourth title with a 3–0 win against Benedictine Academy in the 2016 final, to finish the season with a 20–9 record and become the third program to win four straight group titles.
In 2017, the softball team won the Non-Public B championship, defeating Wildwood Catholic High School by a score of 8–2 in the tournament final; the win was the program's fifth consecutive Non-Public B title, setting a state record for consecutive softball state group championships. The team advanced to the inaugural New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association softball Tournament of Champions and made it to the final, where the team lost by a score of 7–6 in extra innings against Immaculate Heart Academy in the tournament final.
In 2018, after winning the program's sixth consecutive Non-Public B title with a 3-0 win against Wildwood Catholic, the team came into the state Tournament of Champions as the sixth and lowest seeded, and won the quarterfinals against third-seed North Hunterdon High School by a score 5-3 and second-seed Robbinsville High School in the semis by 12-2 before losing in the finals by a score of 9–0 to fourth-seed Steinert High School.
The team won its seventh straight Non-Public B state championship in 2019 with a 4-0 win against St. Joseph High School in the playoff finals.
Clubs
Clubs offered include: Student Council, National Honor Society, Rho Kappa National Honor Society, National English Honor Society, Mu Alpha Theta Math Honor Society, Spanish Honor Society, Ambassadors, Art Club, Yearbook, Vocal Ensemble, Dance Club, Adoration Club, Spiritual Book Club, Book Club, Choir, Knitting and Crocheting Club, Music Appreciation Club, Literary Magazine, Fitness Club, Math League, Photography Club
Musical theatre
ICHS performs a musical once a year in the spring.
Past Shows:
1992 - The Unsinkable Molly Brown
1993 - Cinderella
1994 - Bye Bye Birdie
1995 - The Music Man
1997 - Grease
1998 - West Side Story
1999 - Guys and Dolls
2000 - Anything Goes
2002 - Grease
2003 - Everything's Coming Up Broadway (Broadway Review)
2004 - Godspell
2005 - Once on This Island
2006 - Bye Bye Birdie
2007 - Grease
2008 - Annie
2009 - Footloose
2010 - Little Shop of Horrors
2011 - Seussical
2012 - 20 years of Drama and Music at Immaculate Conception High School" (Broadway Review)
2013 - West Side Story2014 - Into the Woods2015 - Anything Goes2016 - Beauty and the Beast2017 - The Little Mermaid2018 - 42nd Street2019 - Shrek The Musical Fall Drama
ICHS has recently revived its annual fall drama.
Past Shows:
1995- You Can't Take It With You1996- Steel Magnolias1997- Arsenic and Old Lace1998- Marvin's Room2011- Little Women2012- Murder Mystery2013- Anne of Green Gables2014- The Wizard of Oz2015- 12 Angry Jurors2016- Aesop's (Oh So Slightly) Updated Fables 2017- Murders in the Heir 2018- A Seussified Christmas Carol 2019- The Best Christmas Pageant Ever Notable alumni
Rachel Zegler (born 2001, class of 2019), actress starring in Steven Spielberg's film adaptation of West Side Story''.
References
External links
Immaculate Conception High School website
Data for Immaculate Conception High School, National Center for Education Statistics
1915 establishments in New Jersey
Educational institutions established in 1915
Girls' schools in New Jersey
Lodi, New Jersey
Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools
Private high schools in Bergen County, New Jersey
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark
Catholic secondary schools in New Jersey |
4018666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seghill | Seghill | Seghill is a large village located on the Northumberland border which is the county boundary between Northumberland and Tyne and Wear. Seghill is situated between the villages of Seaton Delaval and Annitsford, about north of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Governance
Seghill is part of the Seghill with Seaton Delaval ward. Margaret Richards (Labour) is the sitting County councillor. There are three parish councillors which represent the ward, Simon Heartland (Conservative), Daniel Nesbitt (Labour), and Stephen Stanners (Labour).
Economy
Seghill used to be a busy pit village within the Northumberland Coalfield. Seghill Colliery was closed during the so-called Robens era, on 28 September 1962. The folk song "Blackleg Miner" originates from the area and contains the lyric:
Divint gan near the Seghill mine
Across the way, they stretch a line
To catch the throat and break the spine
Of the dirty blackleg miner.
The song was written during the 1844 lockout of coal miners. Many of the striking miners were evicted from their homes in Seghill during this dispute. Thomas Burt wrote of the situation:
the very magnitude of the evictions, extending over nearly the whole of the mining districts of Northumberland and Durham, made it impossible to find house accommodation for a twentieth part of the evicted. Scores of the Seghill families camped out by the roadside between that village and the Avenue Head.
Transport
Seghill served by a railway station but it was closed in November 1964 along with the rest of the passenger services on the Blyth & Tyne route north of Backworth. It still has a level crossing which sees the occasional goods train.
Education
There are two schools in Seghill: Seghill First School is a small first school which covers Reception to Year 4 and is run by Northumberland County Council. There is also Atkinson House EBD School.
Sports
On Seghill Welfare Field Seghill Rugby and Football Club regularly practice on Saturday and Sunday mornings. The Annual Gala and Fair is held on the Welfare Field. It is a chance for the whole village to enjoy an otherwise normal day. It gives younger children of the village the chance to ride on floats, compete in races and fancy dress competitions and of course enjoy the amusements and attractions, provided by the Seghill Treats Committee. In the summer months, when the nights are light, AFC Seghill can also be found training on the welfare field.
AFC Seghill
Formed in 2007, AFC Seghill play in the Community Champions League. The league consists of teams from North of the Tyne and games take place on a Sunday afternoon. Managed and Captained by Ian Clark, Seghill had a good first season finishing 3rd in the league, just one place below a playoff position. On 6 April 2008 Seghill played in the NK Cup Final against Sports For Youth in sub zero conditions. Despite losing 2 players to the cold in the 2nd half Seghill came from behind twice to win the game 3-2 and claim their first piece of silverware in their rookie season.
Despite starting their second season with an unbeaten run that stretched beyond Christmas and building up a double figure lead over their nearest rivals, Seghill were eventually undone by the weather. Due to the large number of postponed fixtures throughout the season Seghill were left to play out the last few weeks with 3 or more games per week. This led to problems with squad members securing time off work and with just a couple of games left Seghill were pipped at the post to finish 2nd in the league. Despite it being a better showing than the previous season there was widespread disappointment that the season had ended without any silverware.
1st Seghill Scouts
Next to the Welfare Field there is a small scout hut where 1st Seghill Scouts meet on a Monday Night.
Public services
There are three main streets in Seghill. Main Street has the Netherfield Surgery, local Premier (retailer) shop (with Post Office), a small newsagents, Seghill Methodist Church, several take-away shops, and a barbers and hairdressers. On Front Street there are Shiremoor Compressors Ltd and Seghill Comrades Club. On Barrass Ave there was the Seghill Social Club which has now closed down and has been demolished. The Blake Arms is the community public house is situated in the streets of Blaketown and serves delicious food daily.
References
External links
Seghill Online - Seghill Community Website
Durham Mining Museum Website- Seghill Pit
Map of Seghill in 1864
Seghill First School-Not Updated since 2004
Seghill Rugby Football Club
No To Landfill Campaign
AFC Seghill Official Site.
Villages in Northumberland |
4018676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sununu | Sununu | Sununu is the surname of three U.S. politicians who are all from the same New Hampshire political dynasty:
John H. Sununu (born 1939), governor of New Hampshire (1983-1989) and White House Chief of Staff for George H. W. Bush 1989-1991
John E. Sununu (born 1964), son of John H. Sununu and brother of Chris Sununu, U.S. congressman (1997-2003) and U.S. senator 2003-2009
Chris Sununu (born 1974), son of John H. Sununu and brother of John E. Sununu. Current governor of New Hampshire since 2017. |
4018677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Carberry | John Carberry | John Joseph Cardinal Carberry (July 31, 1904 – June 17, 1998) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as archbishop of the Archdiocese of St. Louis in Missouri from 1968 to 1979, and was created a cardinal in 1969. He previously served as bishop of the Diocese of Lafayette in Indiana from1957 to 1965 and bishop of the Diocese of Columbus in Ohio from 1965 to 1968.
During his term as archbishop, Carberry was a strong advocate for ecumenicism and racial justice.
Biography
Early life and education
John Joseph Carberry was born in Brooklyn, New York, the youngest of ten children of James Joseph and Mary Elizabeth (née O'Keefe) Carberry. His father worked as a clerk at Kings County Court. He received his early education at the parochial school of St. Boniface Parish in Brooklyn. In 1919, at age 15, he enrolled at Cathedral College of the Immaculate Conception in Queens. He excelled in both baseball and the violinat the college.
From 1924 to 1930, Carberry studied for the priesthood in Rome, where he resided at the Pontifical North American College. He earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree (1929) and a Doctor of Theology degree (1930) from the Pontifical Urbaniana University.
Ordination and ministry
On June 28, 1929, Carberry was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Brooklyn by Cardinal Francesco Selvaggiani in Rome. Following his return to New York, Carberry was assigned as a curate at St. Peter's Parish in Glen Cove, where he remained for one year. He continued his studies at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., where he received a Doctor of Canon Law degree in 1934. Carberry then served as a curate at St. Patrick's Parish in Huntington, New York, for one year.
From 1935 to 1940, Carberry was on loan to the Diocese of Trenton in New Jersey, serving as secretary to Bishop Moses E. Kiley and assistant chancellor of the diocese. He also taught at Trenton Cathedral High School in Trenton, New Jersey, from 1939 to 1940. Returning to New York, Carberry taught at St. Dominic High School in Oyster Bay, New York, before serving as professor of canon law at Seminary of the Immaculate Conception in Huntington, New York, from 1941 to 1945.
Carberry was an officialis of the Diocese of Brooklyn from 1945 to 1956, serving as chief judge of the diocesan court. He also served as diocesan director for radio and television, becoming known as the "radio priest." Carberry was named a papal chamberlain on February 3, 1948, and raised to the rank of domestic prelate on May 7, 1954. From 1955 to 1956, Carberry served as president of the Canon Law Society of America.
Bishop of Lafayette
On May 3, 1956, Carberry was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Lafayette and titular bishop of Elis by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on July 25, 1956, from Bishop Raymond Kearney, with Bishops George W. Ahr and John Benjamin Grellinger serving as co-consecrators, at the Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church In Brooklyn Carberry selected as his episcopal motto: Maria, Regina Mater (Latin: "Mary, Queen and Mother"). His installation took place at the Cathedral of St. Mary in Lafayette, Indiana, on August 22, 1956 .
Upon the death of Bishop John Bennett, Carberry automatically succeeded him as the second bishop of Lafayette on November 20, 1957. He convened the first diocesan synod and established the Diocesan Council of Men and the Society for Priestly Vocations during his tenure. Carberry attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council between 1962 and 1965. During its third session, he addressed the Council on Dignitatis humanae, the declaration on religious liberty.
Bishop of Columbus
Carberry was appointed the seventh bishop of the Diocese of Columbus by Pope Paul VI on January 16, 1965. He was installed at St. Joseph's Cathedral in Columbus, Ohio, on March 25, 1965. During his tenure in Columbus, he implemented the reforms of the Second Vatican Council and supported the Civil Rights Movement and ecumenical movement. He established the Clergy Advisory Council, and oversaw the renovation of St. Joseph's Cathedral after issuing regulations for liturgical changes. Carberry also bought a new building to centralize the offices of the diocesan chancery. In 1966, he was named by Cardinal Francis Spellman as vicar delegate of the Military Ordinariate for Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama.
As a member of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, Carberry served as chair of the Committee on Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs from 1965 to 1969. He helped found the Inter-Church Board for Metropolitan Affairs, the first organization in the United States uniting Protestants and Catholics for ecumenism and social action. In January 1968, he became the first Catholic bishop to receive the Ohio Council of Churches' annual "Pastor of Pastors" award. in January 1968, Carberry received a letter from the American Jewish Congress protesting anti-Semitic language and imagery in a passion play staged each year by a parish in Union City, New Jersey. Carberry passed these concerns to Archbishop Thomas Boland, who directed the parish to make the necessary changes.
Archbishop of St. Louis
On February 14, 1968, Carberry was appointed the fifth archbishop of the Archdiocese of St. Louis. His installation took place at the Cathedral of St. Louis in St. Louis, Missouri, on March 25, 1968. Carberry was considered more theologically conservative than his predecessor, Cardinal Joseph Ritter. Time Magazine described him as being "threatened by a world he does not understand." Carberry strongly defended Humanae vitae, and created the Archdiocesan Pro-Life Commission. Paul VI created Carberry acardinal priest of S. Giovanni Battista de Rossi a via Latina in the consistory of April 28, 1969. In 1969, Carberry removed about 60 of his seminarians from a class at the Saint Louis University Divinity School, in objection to their being taught Pauls' epistles by the Presbyterian scholar Keith Nickle.
In 1971, Carberry made a controversial decision to close McBride High school in largely black North St. Louis area, while subsidizing a swimming pool at John F. Kennedy High School in Manchester, Missouri, a wealthy suburb. Carberry moved his own residence from the episcopal residence in St. Louis to suburban Creve Coeur, Missouri. In 1972, Carberry established the Urban Services Apostolate for inner-city parishes in the archdiocese. He was elected vice-president of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops in 1974, and was a delegate to the World Synod of Bishops in 1972, 1974 and 1976. Carberry initially opposed the reception of communion by hand, believing it was irreverent and risked the possibility of recipients stealing hosts to use at black masses. However, he later permitted this practice in St. Louis in 1977. That same year, he ordained the first permanent deacons in the archdiocese.
Carberry was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II, respectively. Carberry helped lead an internal campaign against the liberal Archbishop Jean Jadot, the apostolic delegate to the United States, whom he perceived as "destroying the Catholic Church in the United States." Carberry was a vocal critic of the television sitcom Maude, which he said "injected CBS-TV as advocate of a moral and political position that many not only oppose but find positively offensive as immoral. ...The decision to secure an abortion or the decision to have a vasectomy, even for those who choose them, is hardly a joke."
Later life and death
Upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75 for bishops, Carberry resigned as archbishop of St. Louis on July 31, 1979. He was succeeded by Bishop John L. May, then serving as Bishop of Mobile. After suffering a stroke in 1988, Carberry moved into St. Agnes Home in Kirkwood, Missouri, where he died at age 93. He died soon after his only living relative, sister, Loretto Carberry. He is buried in the crypt of the Cathedral of St. Louis.
References
External links
Roman Catholic Diocese of Lafayette, Indiana Official website
1904 births
1998 deaths
20th-century American cardinals
Clergy from St. Louis
American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent
People from Brooklyn
People from Columbus, Ohio
People from Lafayette, Indiana
Roman Catholic bishops of Lafayette in Indiana
Roman Catholic bishops of Columbus
Roman Catholic archbishops of St. Louis
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
Burials at the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis (St. Louis)
Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI
Pontifical Urban University alumni
Catholic University of America alumni
Catholics from New York (state) |
4018679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benwell | Benwell | Benwell is an area in the West End of Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
History
The place-name 'Benwell' is first attested in the Historia de Sancto Cuthberto circa 1050 AD, where it appears as Bynnewalle, from the Old English bionnan walle, meaning "inside the wall". This refers to Benwell's position relative to Hadrian's Wall (adjoining which was the Roman fort of Condercum, hence the modern Condercum Road nearby). The fort was covered over by subsequent development in the area, but the remains of a Roman temple can still be seen in the vicinity. Benwell is situated between Hadrian's Wall to the north and the River Tyne to the south, and in medieval times it was part of the Barony of Bolbec.
By the 13th century the medieval manor of Benwell had been subdivided, originally into two, but then one of the halves was further subdivided. So, although people usually refer to the three sections of Benwell Manor as ‘thirds’, this gives a misleading impression, because one of the ‘thirds’ was larger and wealthier than the other two. This third belonged to the Scot family, who were wealthy merchants from Newcastle and by 1296 they were the principal taxpayers in Benwell. The Scot family later went on to create a deer park in 1367, which later became Scotswood.
In the 16th century Benwell village was arranged in two rows of houses on either side of a wide street or green. A plain oblong tower, three storeys high with battlements around the roof was also recorded as being built.
In 1540, the Crown, under King Henry VIII, took possession of Benwell Tower from Tynemouth Priory when it dissolved the monasteries.
Early in the 17th century, Benwell was split into smaller estates which were bought by the Shafto and Riddell families who were merchant families interested in exploiting the coal reserves on the banks of the Tyne.
Benwell Colliery was opened in 1766 and operated until 1938.
The original layout of Benwell exists in the form of Benwell Village, Benwell Lane, Ferguson's Lane and Fox and Hounds Lane; however, no buildings still exist other than from the early 19th century. The tower from the 16th century was rebuilt in the 18th century and then all traces were removed when the present hall, Benwell Towers was built in a Tudor style by John Dobson in 1831. Benwell Towers featured in the BBC television show Byker Grove.
By the 1990s, Benwell was widely regarded as one of the most troubled parts of Tyneside, if not the whole of Britain. In April 1994, The Independent reported that unemployment in the area stood at 24% (well over twice the national average) and that drug abuse and arson were both a major problem in the area, with a number of arson attacks known to have been carried out in an attempt to intimidate witnesses to crimes and deter them from giving evidence in court.
Much like similar parts of West Newcastle, since the 2010s, regeneration has been underway with new housing developments and improved community facilities across Benwell, including a 2000-home housing estate, The Rise, and improvements to Benwell's main shopping centres.
Governance
The area is represented on Newcastle City Council as part of the Benwell and Scotswood ward, with three Labour councillors, including Jeremy Beecham, the former chairman of the Labour Party and the Local Government Association. He was first elected for Benwell in 1967.
Famous residents and facts
Joe Laws is a British professional boxer, known for his outspoken personality and his popularity with his hometown fans.
Alan Robson MBE (born 1 October 1955) is a British radio presenter who presented the late night phone-in show, NightOwls on Metro Radio, a local commercial station in the North East
Richard Grainger who built the markets, The Monument, Grainger Street, Theatre Royal and Grey Street is buried in St James' Churchyard in Benwell.
Dorothy Liddell, noted archaeologist, was born in Benwell.
John Aidan Liddell, VC, MC, Captain Princess Louise’s Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders; pilot 7 Squadron Royal Flying Corps; brother to Dorothy; recipient of Victoria Cross, flying reconnaissance near Ostend, 31 July 1915.
William George Armstrong / Lord Armstrong (hence Armstrong Road in Benwell) started up munitions production after 1850, which created the demand for the terraced housing in Benwell
Joseph Swan established the world's first electric light bulb factory in Benwell in 1881. The factory supplied the lights for Mosley Street in Newcastle which was the first street in the UK to be lit by electric light
John Buddle was a local mining engineer, who invented and developed the means of mining coal deeply and thereby began the industrial development of the area in the early 19th century. He is commemorated in "Buddle Road". He is buried in a family crypt in the graveyard of St James' Church; for which he donated 3/4 acres for its building and was principal in having the church built. The crypt is constructed in a seam of coal, the very ore he dedicated his life to.
Richard Scot, the son of John Scot, bounded of land to make a deer park. This has been attributed as the origin of Scotswood
Bill Steel, TV & Radio presenter, actor, broadcast journalist, lived in Benwell as a boy at 170 Atkinson Road with his parents & brother & sister
Alan Hull, a musician, songwriter, and member of Lindisfarne, was born in Benwell.
Robert Thomas Atkinson was a successful mining engineer who owned High Cross House, that once stood around the current area of Elswick Road and the corners of Maria St., Caroline St. and St John's Road. Hence the origin of "Atkinson Road". He was the nephew of John Buddle and took over many of his positions upon the death of Buddle. He too is buried in the family crypt at St James' Church. He died only two years after the death of John Buddle. He had donated further land for the expansion of the church graveyard.
The Reverend William Maughan was the first incumbent vicar of St James' Church, he was the vicar from 1843 - 1877. He is buried in the church graveyard with his wife Mary. Mary was the wife of Robert Thomas Atkinson and upon his death married William.
William Surtees had Benwell Hall built. He was the brother of Bessie Surtees (made famous by her elopement with John Scott, 1st Earl of Eldon). The Hall was demolished in 1982.
William August Fisher was born in Benwell to Russian parents in 1903, and lived at 142 Clara Street. Using the name Rudolf Abel he was arrested in New York in 1957 as a Soviet spy and was the person exchanged for Gary Powers, the pilot in the U2 bomber incident, in 1962.
References
External links
National statistics ward info
Newcastle council ward info
Districts of Newcastle upon Tyne |
4018680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin%20Kingdom%20Valley | Twin Kingdom Valley | Twin Kingdom Valley is a text adventure game with animated pictures (on most formats) for the BBC Micro, Acorn Electron, Commodore 64, Commodore 16, and ZX Spectrum. It was released in 1983 by Bug-Byte.
Gameplay
Twin Kingdom Valley is a work of interactive fiction where the player enters commands such as "take jug" at a command prompt and is told the outcome of their move ("I have it now"). Each such command takes up one unit of time, during which other non-player characters will also move and take actions.
It was one of the first text adventure games to have active non-player characters. The characters are interactive, and have their own personalities: some are friendly, and will follow and defend the player, while others are hostile. Witches and kings are complex characters, whereas gorillas and trolls are simpler. Battle sequences have additional features including weapons which can be dropped, broken, thrown or taken away by enemies.
Plot
The main character of this game, referred to as "you" by the game engine, is a treasure hunter. The player starts the game at the southern edge of the forest kingdom, with few possessions. An early encounter with the innkeeper of The Sword Inn may persuade the player to rent a small log cabin from him. In the cabin are some very meager supplies, such as a plain jug.
To progress through the game, the player must determine which characters to regard as friends, and which as foes. Some characters, such as a gorilla who attacks the player with a wooden club, are clearly presented as foes, while others are ambiguous.
There are two kingdoms - a forest and a desert - separated by a deep canyon. Each kingdom is ruled by a king, and the kings do not get along with one another. The player is told that the situation has got worse recently, and a royal from the forest kingdom is missing, the crime being attributed to the desert king. With two rich kingdoms at war, it is suggested that the player could take advantage of this and loot treasure from both sides. As the game progresses, the player finds it a challenge to transport spoils back to the log cabin, and is forced at times to choose between carrying a treasure and carrying a weapon, both types of object being at risk of theft if left unguarded.
The plot develops over time. In the original BBC Micro game, there were a limited number of locations and graphics. Some additions appear in the C64 version, though the plot is largely the same. The modern smartphone edition of the game yet more locations and some new plot twists.
Development
Concept
The game was inspired by the original Adventure by Will Crowther. The original game engine was written in 6502 assembly language. The game was then ported to Z80 for the Spectrum. The newer versions (for Commodore 64 and Spectrum) have an extended game. The game set out to add a level of realism through the addition of images, and complex characters.
The beginnings of the game were more of a peer pressure challenge than a commercial venture. At that time, access to the "massive machines" (by the standards of the day) needed to run the original adventure were limited. The thought was: surely this can be done on a home computer, somehow. The slowness of high level language code (Basic) on home systems ruled that out as a path, and there was no access to a FORTRAN compiler at the time. That's why assembly was chosen. Few people had run the original, and (having graduated) those students who had access to university equipment capable of running the game had lost that privileged access. So the elements recalled (teasingly) resembled the original, with a road, a building (containing useful items, such as keys and a lamp) being repeated. The building is in the forest, with a spring nearby. However, beyond this teaser that it is a kind of clone, the similarity ends. The plan changed to "why copy, when you can do better".
Rather than just modelling a cave, the challenge was to model a larger world, with many above ground, underground, inside and outside locations. Twin Kindom Valley features 175 rooms.
A somewhat medieval era was chosen for the game, allowing elements of mysticism. All combat was designed as basic hand-to-hand style, with the player and other characters taking turns to trade blows, Turns are always initiated by the player's typing, rather than occurring in real time. If the player attempts to flee from combat, the opponent is permitted one attack before the player moves. The player's behavior is modelled in the same manner as the characters. Like similar games, characters have various limits, such as their maximum health and rate of healing, and the carrying capacity.
Graphics
A major section of the software is a custom graphics language, which is an early scalable vector graphics format. Hundreds of images of objects and locations are drawn in the game using this custom tool. Perspective of a limited kind is achieved by permitting images to be drawn scaled down within another image. For example, a castle model would be designed for close up view, but could also be drawn as a subroutine for a distant castle in a desert. The graphics speed was about 10 polygons per second, so the game could not afford to write background polygons and over fill. Images are just created by flood fills, such that each screen pixels is filled only once. A modern PC (using an emulator) can paint these pictures instantly, but the original game owners would need to wait three or four seconds for the screen to paint.
The graphics commands had to be heavily compressed, due to the limited memory space budget.
Consider a line drawing call, which does a "draw to" from current position, with a color and new x,y coordinates.
If you use 6502 to: load register x with the x coordinate, load register y with the y coordinate, load accumulator with a color, and then call "Draw line", you have used up 9 bytes. If there are a total of 1000 such lines in all game images, then that would be 9K gone. The actual memory used for a draw command in the game is 2 bytes.
To draw and fill an outline, 3 basic commands are needed: Move, Draw, Fill. A move (to start of shape) followed by drawing to each point on the outline, until the shape is closed, then filling within the shape. Draw and fill need a color for the line. All of Move Draw and Fill need a coordinate. To decode this efficiently, just 2 bits are needed to resolve "Move, Draw, Fill, "any other instruction" in an assembly language. An extra bit determines if the command has absolute screen coordinates, or a relative position. 3 bits give a choice of 8 colors, and finally 10 bits give two 5 bit x,y coordinates.
The other commands (not needing coordinates) included: Calling a subroutine, ending a subroutine, drawing a circular arc (center at the last moved coordinate) etc. Complex images, such as a cabin made of many logs, use a loop instruction, similar to for loop in C, with a constant loop limit. The assembly language has no concept of variables, and no branching instructions.
Game engine
The game has several micro databases of information, representing the locations, objects which can be used, various creatures, and other data. The game engine runs a simulated world for these items. A small AI module allows the non-player characters to make decisions.
The location engine has some features to save memory. In most locations there are just a few words, but a detailed (bit packed) "exit database" is interpreted to make longer descriptions. These descriptions can vary as bits are set and cleared for locked and unlocked doors. A location with about eight lines of text describing it may be less than 30 bytes of data. Words used in the game location database are stored as a single byte per word, which look up into a 256 word list, and as a result many words are reused several times.
For example, "You are by a babbling brook, North you can see a stream, South you can see a road, North West is a deep river". The words "You are" are added by the game engine. "by a babbling brook" is just 4 bytes of data, a 5th byte encodes the length (4) of the message in words. The location has 3 exits, which are coded as 2 or 3 bytes per exit. Byte 1 has the compass direction plus up or down (6 bits for N,S,E,W,U,D). An additional bit marks special exits such as locked doors. An additional byte then defines various bits for locked/unlocked or "can see through, cannot see through" etc. Finally a byte for the destination. The first word of the destination is then skipped, so: If North led to "By a stream", the word "By" is omitted, and the words "you can see" are added, giving "North you can see a stream" using just 2 bytes.
All of this compression was needed to fit the game within the 32k limit or the original BBC Micro system. 10k is lost as the screen buffer, so the game memory is down to 22k from the start. With some of the memory needed for variable space or stack, the available code are in such as system is nearer to 20k. If the game had 200 locations at 30 bytes per location, this would be 6k. Even this would leave almost no space for game code, especially graphics. The original versions of the game had fewer than 200 unique locations, for this reason. There are roughly 180 locations in early editions (such as that of the BBC Micro), and 190 in later editions (such as the Commodore 64 version). Other game tables (such as those for creatures or objects) are much smaller.
The game has a small data reset block, which re-locks doors and other objects when the player starts a new game. In later versions (such as C64), extra memory allowed for some longer messages in plain text for special game events and puzzles.
Because creatures can hold objects, all creatures are treated as special locations by the game engine. An object has a single byte location which can be a room or a creature, and all locations above 200 are reserved for creatures, or other special location codes (such as "broken").
Continued development
The game was in active development again in 2006, due to the availability of new platforms. The game engine has been ported, from the original 6502, into Java, with some game design tools in C#.
Reception
Reviews were generally positive. The World of Spectrum link has many screen captures of magazine reviews of the game.
Here are the ratings given by Crash Magazine, for the ZX Spectrum version:
Atmosphere: 9
Vocabulary: 7
Logic: 7
Debugging: 7
Overall value: 8
That review comments on the peculiarities which occur when porting games from the BBC micro or C64 to the ZX Spectrum. The original BBC version had been reported by the maker, Bug Byte, as a "No. 1 hit" by one magazine, reportedly based on sales figures. There is little or no information available on how magazines at the time compiled such charts. However, the sales were clearly significant enough for the publisher to request the various ports listed, and to run many full page adverts for the game.
Letters were sent to the game publisher, in a time before "internet review systems" had been created. These are long lost, but did include generally positive comments. Most notable among them was a letter from the father of a blind child, who was able to play the game, thanks to the included speech synthesizer support.
References
External links
Official website
1983 video games
BBC Micro and Acorn Electron games
Commodore 16 and Plus/4 games
Commodore 64 games
Fantasy video games
1980s interactive fiction
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
ZX Spectrum games |
4018683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%20ownership%20in%20Turkey | Land ownership in Turkey | Land ownership in Turkey had been constrained by the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. This was to prevent foreigners from competing with natives for desirable property. This policy was continued when Turkey became independent in the early 20th century. The policy was relaxed during the 21st century.
In 2003, property purchases were opened to foreign nationals though restrictions were retained for various provinces. When these restrictions were violated in 2005, the law was annulled by Turkish courts. Despite this, property purchases continue. As of 2008, 63,085 properties had been sold to over 73,103 foreigners. This includes of land valued at US$10.4 billion, mostly by German, British and Greek citizens.
Land ownership in Turkey
The Turkish government controls a high proportion of land, either directly, under the authority of the Undersecretariat of Treasury or indirectly through the inheritance and management of Ottoman foundations under the authority of the General Directorate for Foundations. Investment through land ownership was and still is the most widespread and profitable investment method during the past decades, especially in the middle east countries, because land ownership adds stability, stability, and a better guarantee for the future and its fluctuations for most investors. Against demand, which raises the market value of the land and makes owning it a distinct investment opportunity.
History
During the weakening phase of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century and the global dominance of new imperialism, purchases without constraint and effective surveillance of real estate by the nationals and companies of western powers was one of the issues on which the Ottoman state had been subjected to the direst foreign pressures. As a consequence of these pressures, The Ottoman Land Code of 1858 was passed, it's reformed taxation and land law. An 1858 firman on "Reform" had announced a grant of permission in this respect, but the necessary legal arrangements had been delayed till 1868. With the enactment of the 1868 regulation, according to one estimate, British capitalist-farmers (see Levantine mansions of İzmir) had almost immediately emerged as having acquired one third of all arable lands in the entire vilayet of İzmir (Aydın in name), possibly held in an indirect manner till then, and by 1878, the majority of the arable land in the same province. This trend coincided with the influx of refugees from lands lost for the Ottoman Empire, and the migrants often saw themselves having to buy property from foreigners in their own country. A further law in 1913 also allowed foreign legal entities (companies, foundations etc.) to purchase property in Ottoman lands, with decisive effects for the early foundations of the state of Israel. A partial about-face by the Committee of Union and Progress, simultaneous to the outbreak of the World War I in Europe, was one of the causes for the deterioration of relations between Turkey and the Allied powers Britain, France and Italy. The Treaty of Lausanne which established modern Turkey laid a ground based on a strict understanding of reciprocity in the matter, on a bilateral and contractual bases as concluded with individual countries at first, and full legal reciprocity after 1934.
Legal framework
However, following steps taken by Turkey's main opposition party CHP, the modifications brought by the 2003 by-law were declared as void by the Turkish Constitutional Court on 26 April 2005, in a decision to enter into effect as of 27 July 2005 and the purchase of real estate by foreign nationals was suspended until a modified law dated 7 January 2006 was brought into effect. This law, Law Nr. 5444, now enacted, instead of being a by-law modifying various paragraphs of the 1934 Property Act, is a fully stated legal text (still on the basis of a modification of the 1934 Act).
A foreign national cannot purchase more than 25,000m2 (6 acres) of land (constructed or not) in Turkey without special consent from the Turkish Council of Ministers. The council of Ministers is authorised to increase this limit up to 300,000m2 per person.
Foreign national ownership of real estate cannot exceed 10% of land in any designated town.
The property also has to be within a designated or zoned area in a municipality. Foreigners can not buy in villages.
Foreign ownership market trends to 2005
It was also observed that, during this 2-year period, the districts most favoured by foreign buyers were Alanya, Fethiye, Didim, Bodrum, Kuşadası along the coastline, as well as Ürgüp in Cappadocia. Alanya is a particularly preferred location for Germans and Scandinavians, while the British purchases are at their highest level of concentration in Fethiye and Didim.
Controversy
The foreign purchase of real estate is a widely discussed subject in the Turkish media and among the public. Some of the opinions put forth in this context may not be based on sound facts, while others are results of in-depth studies.
Turkey's real estate agents have organised themselves to demarcate the definition and the boundaries of their profession and to discourage occasional and non-professional intermediaries. These efforts included professional standards established in 2004. Real estate agents are required to be members (and exhibit their membership) of the association set up for their region. These regional associations are organised within the framework of the national federation, Temfed, which provides a full list of the regional associations.
Market data under the new legislation (after 7 January 2006)
Information on overseas buyers provided by the First Economic Counsellor of the Turkish Embassy in London for 2006 was as follows:
The most recent data provided by the Ministry, covering the period from 2002 (when the incumbent government came into office) to 2008 indicates a total of 63,085 land lots sold to 73,103 foreign private persons, extending to a total area of 25,350,361 square meters. As such, a total of seventy four seventy five thousand foreign nationals own an area of of lands in Turkey. As of 2007, on area basis the provinces of Muğla (4,445,259 meter squares), Antalya (3,810,118 meter squares), Aydın (3,001,075 meter squares) came in the lead. On the basis of the number of foreign nationals acquiring property, the situation was as follows: Antalya (26,031 foreign nationals), Muğla (12,865 foreign nationals), İstanbul (8,830 foreign nationals), Aydın (7,415 foreign nationals), Bursa (5,241 foreign nationals), İzmir (4,145 foreign nationals). German nationals came the first in Antalya Province and British citizens in Muğla and Aydın Provinces. Purchases by Greek nationals displayed a striking preeminence in İstanbul and, in a more recent trend, in Bursa.
See also
Economy of Turkey
Tourism in Turkey
Marinas in Turkey
Shopping malls in Turkey
References
Economy of Turkey |
4018685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine%20Right | Divine Right | Divine Right may refer to:
The Divine right of kings, the doctrine that a monarch derives his or her power directly from God
"The Divine Right of Kings" (poem), an 1845 poem attributed to Edgar Allan Poe
Divine Right (game), a 1979 fantasy wargame
Divine Right: The Adventures of Max Faraday, a comic book series, 1997–1999
Divine Right, a 1989 anthology in the Merovingen Nights series
"Divine Right", a song on the 2004 album Hi-Fi High Lights Down Low by Lodger (Finnish band)
The Divine Right, a 1996 play by Peter Whelan
"Divine Right", a 1954 short story by J. T. McIntosh
See also
Divine Right's Trip, a 1972 novel by Gurney Norman
By Divine Right, a Canadian indie rock band |
4018698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilakanta%20Sri%20Ram | Nilakanta Sri Ram | Nilakanta Sri Ram or Nilakantha Sri Ram (N. Sri Ram) (* 15 December 1889 in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India; died 8 April 1973 in Adyar, India) was a freemason, theosophist and president of the Theosophical Society Adyar during twenty years.
Biography
In his early years, Sri Ram worked under Annie Besant in various capacities. Sri Ram was a teacher at the Besant Theosophical College in Madanapalle, the National School in Bangalore and the National University of India in Chennai.
The twenty years of Sri Ram’s Presidency represented a very important change in the work of the Theosophical Society and also in the perception its members had of the nature of Theosophy. His achievement was indeed an outstanding one: a shift from an emphasis on the occult side of things and its related phenomena, to the focus on the lofty ethics of Theosophy, or true occultism, and its role in the transformation of the human consciousness. N. Sri Ram was the last President of the TS to have had contact with the President-Founder, Col. Olcott. He represented a link with the very origins of the Society and its work, not only historically but above all spiritually.
Sri Ram's daughter Radha Burnier was the seventh president of the Theosophical Society Adyar, from 1980 until 2013.
He became president of the TS Adyar in 1953 and stayed in that office till his death in 1973. He was also member of Le Droit Humain.
Works (selection)
An approach to reality. Theosophical Publishing House, Madras 1968
On the watch tower, selected editorial notes from The Theosophist, 1953-1966. Theosophical Publishing House, Madras 1966
The human interest and other addresses and short essays. Theosophical Publishing House, Wheaton 1968
A Theosophist Looks at the World Adyar, Chennai, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1950.
An Approach to Reality and Man. Adyar, Chennai, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1951.
Man, His Origins and Evolution, Adyar, Chennai, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1952.
Thoughts for Aspirants, Adyar, Chennai, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1957.
On the Watch Tower, Selected Editorial Notes from "The Theosophist, 1953-1966". Adyar, Chennai, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1966. A compilation of his articles.
The Human Interest and Other Addresses and Short Essays. Adyar, Chennai, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1968, and previous edition published around 1951.
Life's Deeper Aspect, Adyar, Chennai, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1968.
Seeking Wisdom Adyar, Chennai, India: Theosophical Pub. House, 1969.
The Nature of Our Seeking, 1973.
The Way of Wisdom, Adyar, Chennai, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1989.
External links
Biography by the Theosophical Society
Articles and books extracts by Nilakanta Sri Ram
Articles by N. Sri Ram on The Campbell Theosophical Research Library
Audio conferences by N. Sri Ram
Indian Theosophists
Indian Freemasons
1889 births
1973 deaths
People from Thanjavur |
4018703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annitsford | Annitsford | Annitsford is a village located in North Tyneside, on the border between Tyne and Wear and Northumberland.
The main conurbation of the village falls under the jurisdiction of the Borough of North Tyneside in Tyne and Wear.
History
The name of the village is the modern-day version of Annet's Ford, which was a crossing place over the Seaton Burn which flows eastward through the village. Annitsford borders the villages of Dudley and Fordley, the former taking its name from the son of the mine owner, the latter taking its name from the last part of the village names for Annitsford and Dudley.
There is one public house in the village, The Bridge (formerly The Bridge Inn) and it is over 140 years old. It is shown on maps of the village dated 1864, together with the Annitsford Brewery (Annetsford Brewery). This was resited further along the village in later years, and which in later life was a soft drink factory (Dickmans), turning into a transport café circa early 1970s. The premises is now shared by an Indian takeaway (Annitsford Tandoori) and a Fish & Chip shop (K&L Fisheries). The Bridge Inn was for many years in the custodianship of the Swinhoe family, culminating in its massive popularity as a Steak House with a reputation regionwide, throughout the seventies and eighties until the retirement of Gladys & Bill Swinhoe. The fortunes of the pub have not hit those heights since. There are two (CIU) Working Men's Social Clubs in the village, The Pioneer & the United Irish League (The Ranch).
Religion
The village school, Annitsford First School was closed and demolished, eventually making way for a housing development. The same fate fell a number of years earlier to the village's Catholic School and Chapel (Annitsford RC Primary), which was built in 1871. The village has a history of strong Irish Catholic links formed by the immigrant workers who came over in the late 19th century to find work in the nearby mines of Dudley and Weetslade.
The Annitsford Roman Catholic Church, St John The Baptist RC Church still stands on the northern edge of the village, but with boundary and road changes, the modern-day person would regard this as being part of the southern edge of Cramlington. In the grounds of the church is buried one of Annitsford's most famous sons, the world-renowned opera singer Owen Brannigan. Descendants of Brannigan's family still live in the village and a street is named after him,in nearby Fordley,
Owen Brannigan Drive. Not to be outdone, the Methodists also had their own smaller Chapel which stood at the entrance to the Annitsford Welfare, home for many years to Annitsford Football Club. There is now a local football team called "New Fordley Juniors".
Expansion
Annitsford was a small village until it grew considerably circa 1969 when the old terraced streets of Jubilee Terrace, Jackson Street and Lee Street were demolished, and the residents moved into new local authority built houses comprising Wardle Drive, Annitsford Drive and Hudson Avenue. In doing so the natural green field boundary keeping Annitsford and Fordley apart disappeared. More housing was built on the land formerly occupied by the terraces and was called Harrison Court, together with the sheltered accommodation development of Jubilee Court. Further housing developments have been built on the west edge of the village (The Wyndings) and the east edge (The Spinney), increasing the overall size of the village considerably.
The village is known locally as "The Ford".
External links
Map Of Annitsford in 1864
Villages in Tyne and Wear
Villages in Northumberland |
4018723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zetsuai%201989 | Zetsuai 1989 | is a Japanese yaoi manga known for its melodramatic, almost operatic plot, its "semi-insane characters", and for the controversial style of its artwork. The word "Zetsu-ai" is a compound created by Minami Ozaki which has been translated as "desperate love". Ozaki's preferred English translation is "Everlasting Love". Many western yaoi fans got their introduction to the genre through this series, which defined the genre for them.
Synopsis
-from Minami Ozaki's "Legend of the Holy Beast
Kōji Nanjō is one of the most successful rock stars in Japan, with his hauntingly beautiful voice and very attractive features. But beneath all the fame and glamour, he is a damaged and hurt young man who has absolutely no happiness or interest in life.
One night after a string of bar-hopping, Kōji passes out in a heap of trash in the rain. He is found, taken in, and cared for by Takuto Izumi, a soccer prodigy. Despite the fact that Izumi is a complete stranger, he moves Kōji deeply, and Kōji soon develops an intense obsession with Izumi. It is later revealed that the reason Kōji sings is to find the person he fell in love with at first sight six years earlier, whom he remembers for showing extreme ferocity on the soccer field and for a particularly penetrating gaze. Kōji knows the person's name is 'Izumi,' but he thinks the person he saw was a girl, so initially he believes it was Serika Izumi, Takuto's sister. It is only when Takuto looks at him angrily that he realizes Takuto is the 'Izumi' he was looking for. His body goes into shock, and from then on his obsession with Izumi knows no bounds.
As Kōji forces himself more and more into Izumi's life, he exposes Izumi and his loved ones to his dangerous lifestyle and extremely dysfunctional family. When Takuto's little brother asks Kōji if he is gay, Kōji replies, 'No, I am not gay. I am only in love with Takuto. Even if you were twins, I could only love Takuto.' At times, the hurdles the relationship faces become too difficult to bear. In the midst of it, Kōji temporarily loses his voice and is forced to go back to his brother and family.
Due to the manga artist's illness, the manga ended at volume 19 without a proper ending. When she recovered, she drew the dojinshi , to give readers a proper 'final meeting' scene.
Characters
Young Takuto Izumi
Adult Takuto Izumi
Publications
While the series has been published in several languages, it has not been published in English.
It first originated as a spin-off of the author's Captain Tsubasa doujinshi Dokusen Yoku. The pairing of Kōjirō Hyūga and Ken Wakashimazu, featured in Dokusen Yoku, is immensely popular and has been compared to the classic slash fiction pairing of Kirk/Spock. The usual dynamic in Kōjirō/Ken doujinshi is that their relationship is based on trust. Kōjirō is the man of the family due to his father's death. Ken on the other hand, is heir to a martial arts school, and is constantly under pressure to quit soccer, and suffers an injury from trying to be the best in both fields. The boys support each other and eventually their deep friendship becomes love. The original Zetsuai was abandoned after 5 volumes. Minami Ozaki later picked the story back up in 1992 with Bronze. Since then, Bronze has outpaced the original Zetsuai with 14 volumes, with the current story arc called "Restart".
Two OVAs were made, one taking place in Zetsuai [Since] 1989, and the second during Bronze: Zetsuai since 1989 (also called Bronze Zetsuai or simply Bronze). Koyasu Takehito plays the part of Izumi Takuto, and Sho Hayami plays Koji Nanjo. Radio dramas and CDs (with some lyrics composed by Minami Ozaki) were produced. The actors themselves often provided vocal parts for music. Five original music videos were made and compiled into a video called Cathexis.
As of 2003, fan translations of the first eleven volumes of Zetsuai / Bronze were available.
Zetsuai 1989 was licensed in French (by Tonkam), German (Carlsen Verlag), Korean, Spanish (Glénat España) and Italian (Panini Comics) languages.
Zetsuai 1989 was the first shōnen-ai manga to be officially translated into German.
Manga volumes
Zetsuai 1989
Bronze: Zetsuai Since 1989
Soundtrack
Several albums were released relating to the Dokusen Yoku doujinshi, Zetsuai 1989 and Bronze since Zetsuai between 1988 and 1996.
Light novels
Several light novels were published by Shueisha. They were written by Akiyama Rin with illustrations by Minami Ozaki. The plot of novels is mostly connected to Nanjo family (Kaen Danshō series in particular), for example Kouji's elder brother Nanjo Hirose.
Reception
At the time of its writing, the genre as a whole was not commonly recognised by those not creating it, but Zetsuai 1989 is considered one of yaoi's "major works" and "one of the greatest icons of shōnen-ai". Koji and Izumi have been described as shōnen-ai'''s Romeo and Juliet. There is little explicit sex in the series. Instead, the series is "angst-ridden", and includes "a lot of blood" via themes of self-harm and accidents. Ozaki's works have been described as "prolonged erotic psychodramas", and Zetsuai 1989 is the "most famous" of these.
The depiction of love in the series has been described as "nearly violent", which is regarded as a "true revelation" for female readers. The character of Izumi's mother has been criticised by Kazuko Suzuki as an example of yaoi showing "extremely negative images of mothers". Anime News Network has criticised the melodramatic tone of the OVA Bronze: Zetsuai Since 1989. described the art style of Zetsuai as being "like a fashion designer's workbook", but Anime News Network says that the character design is "horribly mutated" and "disgusting". Matt Thorn describes the relationship between Koji Nanjo and Takuto Izumi as an "intense and often grim love story", saying that "if you like your shônen-ai (or "slash") intense, look no further."
References
Further reading
McCarthy, Helen, Jonathan Clements The Erotic Anime Movie Guide pub Titan (London) 1998
Animerica'' April 1993 (vol. 1, no. 4)
External links
Official Site
1992 anime OVAs
1994 anime OVAs
1989 manga
1992 manga
1997 Japanese novels
2011 manga
Drama anime and manga
Light novels
Production I.G
Shōjo manga
Shueisha franchises
Shueisha manga
Yaoi anime and manga |
4018726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pag%C4%97giai | Pagėgiai | Pagėgiai (, ) is a city in south-western Lithuania. It is located in the medieval region of Scalovia in the historic region of Lithuania Minor. It is the capital of Pagėgiai municipality, and as such it is part of Tauragė County.
Name
The name of the town literally means "at Gėgė" (: grove of alders, hay meadows, fields) and it is believed that the Gėgė river (also Gäge, Jäge) once flowed through the town.
History
The settlement dates back to the Middle Ages. In 1454, King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region to the Kingdom of Poland upon the request of the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation. After the subsequent Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466) the village was a part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Knights, and thus was located within the Polish–Lithuanian union, later elevated into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. From the 18th century, it was part of the Kingdom of Prussia, and from 1871 it was also part of Germany, within which it was administratively located in the province of East Prussia. In the late 19th century, the village had an almost exclusively Lithuanian population of 662, which was mostly employed in agriculture, cattle and horse breeding, butter production and fishing.
Interwar period
When the Treaty of Versailles came in effect in January 1920, Memelland (Klaipėda Region) and the city, located north of the Niemen River were detached from East Prussia and placed under a League of Nations protectorate. In early 1921 attempts for a Customs Union between Memel and Lithuania were adjourned, mainly due to the de facto position of both State and government of Lithuania at that point in the eyes of the Western Allies.<ref>Butler/Bury/Lambert, editors, Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919-1939, First Series, vol.xi, HMSO, London, 1961, p.732, telegram 696 where Lord Curzon points out to Lord Harding (Paris) that both the state and the government of Lithuania were at present de facto only.</ref>
The northern trans-Niemen parts of the East Prussian Kreis Ragnit and both Landkreis and Stadtkreis Tilsit, which had been established in 1818, as well as Gutsbezirk Perwallkischken were combined on 27 January 1920 into a new Kreis Pogegen, with Pogenen as the county town.
Achieving formal State recognition, Lithuania, on January 10, 1923, imitating the Polish seizure of Vilna, made a surprise attack upon the Memel territory and city, still under League protection, forcing, with some street fighting, the League's French High Commissioner and his troops there to surrender and evacuate. The Allies and the League of Nations confronted with another fait accompli were forced to accept another humiliation.
Lithuania renamed the Memelland region Pagėgiai Apskritis.
The majority German population in Memel never ceased agitating for a return to Germany of both city and the Memelland, and after conferences between the German & Lithuanian Government representatives in March 1939, an Agreement was reached and signed on March 23 transferring Memel and her territory back to German sovereignty. The former name "Landkreis Pogegen" was resumed. It consisted of 164 Landgemeinden with less than 2,000 inhabitants, and 34 Gutsbezirke. The largest community was Schmalleningken with a pop. of 1,700. Pogegen and the community of Wischwill had 1,400 each.Landkreis Pogegen'' was dissolved on 1 October 1939 in order to re-unite the area with the larger cities south of Niemen river, and structures similar to pre-1920 were established.
During World War II, the Germans operated a subcamp of the Stalag I-D prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs in the town until 1943, and the Oflag 53 prisoner-of-war camp for Allied officers from 1943 to 1945.
After World War II
When Lithuania was occupied by the Soviet Union for the second time in 1944 and the Subdivisions of Lithuania were changed into that of districts, Pagėgiai became one of only a few towns that were interwar apskritis capitals which did not become district capitals. When the municipality reform took place in independent Lithuania in 2000, Pagėgiai municipality was carved out of Šilutė district and thus Pagėgiai became the capital of an administrative unit again.
The coat of arms of the town and the municipality depicts a bird with a key, which symbolises the border nature of the area (now with Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia). A Lithuanian border guard unit is stationed in Pagėgiai.
References
External links
Cities in Tauragė County
Cities in Lithuania
Municipalities administrative centres of Lithuania |
4018733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia%2C%20Tyne%20and%20Wear | Columbia, Tyne and Wear | Columbia is one of the village subdivisions of the town of Washington, Tyne and Wear, England.
References
Cross-reference
Sources
Populated places in Tyne and Wear
Washington, Tyne and Wear |
4018740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blakelaw | Blakelaw | Blakelaw is an electoral ward situated in the West End of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England. The population of the ward is 11,186, which is 4.6% of the city's population. Car ownership in the area is 50.6%: this is lower than the city average of 54.7%, increasing to 11,507 at the 2011 Census. House prices in this area average at £114,000 (Feb 2007).
Blakelaw was developed in the early part of the 20th century in order to meet demand for more housing in the North East. During the Second World War a secret war centre was built in the old quarry and extended many levels below ground. This was the headquarters for No 13 Group, who played a vital part in the Battle of Britain. Five posts have been installed in Blakelaw Park as part of a 'listening trail' which tells the story of the life of the bunkers and people who worked in them.
In terms of the Demographics of Blakelaw, it is very similar to many other parts of Newcastle. For age groups, 26.3% were 17 years old and under, 59.2% of its population was between the ages of 18 and 64, and 14.5% were over 65. In terms of Ethnicity it was 87.2% White, 6.8% Asian, 3.4% Black and 1.5% mixed which is a similar ethnic make up to quite a few parts of Newcastle but significantly less diverse as parts of the West End.
Education
The ward has one Nursery, Willow Avenue Community Nursery and three primary schools: Hilton Primary Academy on Hilton Avenue, Thomas Walling Primary Academy, and English Martyrs'.
The now closed Firfield Community School (formerly Blakelaw Comprehensive School) was also located in the ward.
Recreation and leisure
The Blakelaw Centre houses a library, a community centre and a community cafe. The centre is operated by the Blakelaw Ward Community Partnership. Open green spaces in the ward are Blakelaw Park and the Cowgate sports ground.
Boundary
The boundary of Blakelaw ward begins at the A1 junction with the Woolsington Bypass and Ponteland Road. It heads south-west along the A1 to the Stamdfordham Road junction and south to Slatyford Lane bus depot. The boundary joins Silver Lonnen and continues down to Netherby Drive and Fenham Hall Drive. It heads north up Moorside Road North to Ponteland Road where it continues back to the starting point of the A1 junction.
Political
Blakelaw is represented by three councillors: Councillor Marion Williams (Labour), Councillor Oskar Avery (Labour), Councillor Linda Hobson (Labour). It is also part of Newcastle Central Constituency and represented by Labour MP, Chi Onwurah.
There is also a community council for Blakelaw and North Fenham.
Charts and tables
The ward has 4,882 housing spaces of which 3.2% are vacant this is lower than the city average of 5.3%. Owner occupied property stands at 52% slightly lower than the city average of 53.3%. The properties are as follows.
See also
RAF Blakelaw
References
External links
Newcastle Council Ward Info: Blakelaw
Districts of Newcastle upon Tyne
Wards of Newcastle upon Tyne |
4018749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Arizona%20Diamondbacks%20owners%20and%20executives | List of Arizona Diamondbacks owners and executives | This article is a list of Arizona Diamondbacks owners and executives. The Arizona Diamondbacks have had two owners and five general managers in their 20-year history. As of October 2017, these executives have compiled a 1222–1208 () record, five National League West Division titles (1999, 2000, 2001, 2007, 2011), one National League pennant (2001), and one World Series title (2001). The Diamondbacks' current top executive is owner Ken Kendrick.
Owners
The term "owner" in this section refers to the official title of managing general partner. Actual economic ownership includes the individuals listed, but excludes other owners holding major and minor portions of the team.
General managers
Presidents
Other executives
Dave Duncan
Jim Marshall
Roland Hemond
References
External links
Baseball America: Executive Database
Arizona Diamondbacks
Owners |
4018758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oda%20Nobuhiro | Oda Nobuhiro | was the eldest son of Oda Nobuhide. After Nobuhiro's father took Anjo Castle in Mikawa Province in 1540, the castle was given to Nobuhiro. During 1549, Nobuhiro was trapped by the Imagawa clan, but was saved when Oda Nobunaga handed over one of their hostages—Matsudaira Takechiyo to make up for not lifting the siege of Anjō.
As an illegitimate son of Oda Nobuhide, Nobuhiro's power would slowly fade and always be looked down upon by his younger brother Nobunaga and even by many of his own retainers. Afterwards, Nobuhiro was forced to step down as the head of the Oda clan to allow Nobunaga to be the new head. Later on, Nobuhiro plotted against Nobunaga with the assistance of Saitō Yoshitatsu of Mino Province. Their scheme was uncovered before any damage was brought upon anyone, and Nobunaga forgave Nobuhiro. Nobuhiro was killed later on October 13, 1574, while fighting the Nagashima monto.
Family
Father: Oda Nobuhide (1510–1551)
Brothers
Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582)
Oda Nobuyuki (1536–1557)
Oda Nobukane (1548–1614)
Oda Nagamasu (1548–1622)
Oda Nobuharu (1549–1570)
Oda Nobutoki (died 1556)
Oda Nobuoki (died 1569)
Oda Hidetaka (died 1555)
Oda Hidenari
Oda Nobuteru
Oda Nagatoshi
Sisters:
Oichi (1547–1583)
Oinu
References
1574 deaths
Samurai
Japanese warriors killed in battle
Oda clan
Year of birth unknown |
4018773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean%20Reynolds | Sean Reynolds | Sean Reynolds may refer to:
Sean K. Reynolds, game designer
Sean Reynolds (Emmerdale), a fictional character from the British soap opera Emmerdale
Sean Reynolds (soccer) (born 1990), American soccer player
Sean Reynolds (RAF officer), British air marshal |
4018778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copropraxia | Copropraxia | Copropraxia is a tic consisting of involuntarily performing obscene or forbidden gestures, or inappropriate touching. Copropraxia comes from the Greek (kópros), meaning "feces", and (prâxis), meaning "action". Copropraxia is a rare characteristic of Tourette syndrome. Related terms are coprolalia, referring to involuntary usage of profane words, and coprographia, making vulgar writings or drawings.
References
Symptoms and signs: Nervous system
Tourette syndrome |
4018781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marga%20van%20Praag | Marga van Praag | Marga van Praag (born 14 September 1946) is a Dutch journalist and television presenter.
Van Praag attended the academy of dramatic art in Amsterdam, and worked for VARA television from 1968 onwards. She was the host of the television programs Fanclub and De Jonge Onderzoekers (The Young Researchers), and did editing work for the shows Twee voor Twaalf (Two to Twelve) and Hoe bestaat het? (freely translated: How can it be?).
In 1981, she joined the NOS to work on the children's news programme Jeugdjournaal (Youth Journal) as a reporter and presenter, later becoming a commentator. She switched to the main NOS Journaal in 1996 as an anchor and latterly, a features reporter and commentator.
Van Praag announced her departure from the NOS in October 2008 and signed off from her final NOS Journaal report on 7 November 2008. At a farewell party, she was made a knight (5th grade) of the Order of Orange-Nassau.
Family
Her brother is and her uncle is the former chairman of football club Ajax Amsterdam Jaap van Praag and her cousin is Michael van Praag.
References
1946 births
Living people
Dutch journalists
Dutch people of Jewish descent
Dutch television news presenters
Knights of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Writers from Amsterdam |
4018785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse%20Borrego | Jesse Borrego | Jesse Borrego (born August 1, 1962) is an American actor.
He is best known for his roles as Cruz Candelaria in Blood In Blood Out, Jesse V. Velasquez in Fame, Gael Ortega in 24, and George King in Dexter.
Early life
Jesse Borrego was born in San Antonio, Texas, to Gloria Flores and Jesse Borrego Sr. an accordion player and singer of conjunto Mexican music. Jesse is the second oldest of five children: Gloria Marina, James, Georgina, and Grace. As a youth Jesse often danced with his sister Marina entering & winning several dance contests. Borrego lived with his grandparents during his high school years. He considered going into the US Air Force to become a pilot but pursued an acting career instead because it came naturally to him. After graduating from Harlandale High School, he attended University of the Incarnate Word, studying theater and dance, and The California Institute of the Arts alongside actor Don Cheadle He earned a degree in Performance in 1984. About the same time, he attended an open audition for the TV Series Fame where he won the role of "Jesse Velasquez" for seasons 4, 5 and 6 from 1984-1987.
Career
He was a regular on the musical television series Fame for the show's final three seasons from 1984-1987. He appeared on Married... with Children as Bruno in the episode "Can't Dance, Don't Ask Me" (1989). He is well-remembered for his performance in the film Blood In Blood Out portraying the role of Cruz Candelaria.
Borrego appeared in productions at the Joseph Papp Theatre in New York City and the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles. In addition to performing on stage and in films such as Mi Vida Loca, Follow Me Home, New York Stories, and Con Air, he began Lupita Productions in 1990. He has produced theatrical productions and concerts as well as two 16mm short films: El Suendo de Simon (1993) by James Borrego and Flattime (1995) by Jimmy Santiago Baca. He also played role of an original gangster on DarkRoom Familia's "Veteranos" in 1999. Borrego is a member of the theatre group "Tribal Players". He is well known for his recurring roles on the third season of 24 as Gael Ortega and the third season of Dexter as George King. In 2009, Borrego starred in the movie La Mission where he reunited with former Blood In Blood Out co-star Benjamin Bratt.
Borrego has also had his hand in directing. Borrego directed the no-budget indie film titled Closer to Bottom which premiered at the inaugural Austin Indie Fest in November, 2017. The movie won an award for Best Made in Texas Feature Film.
Filmography
Film
1989 New York Stories as Reuben Toro
1991 Spy Games as Sam
1991 Before the Storm (TV movie)
1993 City of Passion (short)
1993 short
1993 as Juan "El Duran" Temido
1993 Blood In Blood Out as Cruz Candelaria
1994 I Like It Like That as Alexis
1995 Tecumseh: The Last Warrior (TV movie) as Tecumseh
1995 Bienvenido Welcome as Dario / Jijio
1995 Flattime (short)
1996 Dalva (TV movie) as Duane Stonehorse
1996 Pain Flower as Gus
1996 Lone Star as Danny
1996 Follow Me Home (indie film) as Tudee
1997 The Maker (indie film) as Felice A. Beato
1997 Con Air as Francisco Cindino
1997 Retroactive as Jesse
1998 Veteranos as Santo
1998 Black as Jesus
1998 Bubba & Ike as The Matador
1998 Liteweight as Sammy
1999 The Darkest Day (TV movie) as Jonathan
2000 A Lowrider Weekend (video)
2000 Hell Swarm (TV movie) as Darius
2001 Come and Take it Day as Jesse
2003 Scooby-Doo! and the Monster of Mexico (video) as Luis Otero
2003 The Maldonado Miracle (TV movie) as Hector Maldonado
2003 The Shadow Chaser (short)
2005 The New World as Pepaschicher
2008 The Bookie as Jesus
2009 Dream Healing (indie film) as Marco
2009 La Mission as Rene
2011 Colombiana as Fabio Restrepo
2013 Wappo vs the World (short) as Jesse
2013 Mission Park / aka Line of Duty (indie film) as Mr. Ramirez
2013 Go for Sisters (indie film) as Juan Calles
2014 Closer To Bottom (indie film) as Thomas
2014 Duque (indie film) as Martin Duque
2014 Three Hundred Miles For Stephanie (TV movie) as Alberto Rodriguez
2014 HOA Havoc (indie film) costarring Daniel Baldwin
2014 The Untitled GW Project (indie film) as Agent Montoya
Television
1984-1987 Fame (1982 TV series) - seasons 4-6 as Jesse Velasquez
1987 Miami Vice - Jack Of All Trades - sea5 ep12 as Octavio
1987 The Bronx Zoo (TV series) - Small Victories - sea1 ep3 as Julio Gaspare
1988 Miami Vice - A Bullet For Crocket - sea4 ep19 as Enrique Lorca Mendez
1989 Married... with Children - Can't Dance Don't Ask - sea3 ep13 as Bruno
1990 Midnight Caller - Kid Salinas - sea2 ep14 as Carlos Mendez
1991 China Beach - 100 Klicks Out - sea4 ep1 as Hector
1991 Under Cover (TV series) - Sacrifices - sea1 ep3 as Sam Hamadi
1995 500 Nations vol.2 - Mexico The Rise & Fall Of The Aztecs as voice
1997 Chicago Hope - The Sun Also Rises - sea3 ep19 as Michael Waters
1997 ER - Ambush - sea4 ep1 as HIV Patient
1998 The Hunger (TV series) TV Series - Plain Brown Envelope - sea1 ep19 as Jess
1999 Brimstone (TV series) - Lovers - sea1 ep9 as Paco Gomez
1999 Magnificent Seven (TV series) - Love & Honor - sea2 ep3 as Don Paulo
2001 Touched By An Angel - Mi Familia - sea7 ep11 as Tommy
2001 Happily Ever After Fairy Tales for Every Child - The Elves & The Shoemaker - sea2 ep24 as voice
2002 American Family - Journey of Dreams pt.1 - sea1 ep20 as Shady
2002 What's New, Scooby-Doo? - 3-D Struction - sea1 ep2 as Luis Cepeda
2003 24 - Day 3 - sea3 eps 1-11 as Gael Ortega
2002 American Family (2002 TV series) - Journey of Dreams pt.2 -sea1 ep21 as Shady
2004 24 (TV series) - Day 3 - sea3 eps 15-17 as Gael Ortega
2005 Medical Investigation - Mission La Roca pt.2 - sea1 ep20 as Antonio Baracas
2005 Medical Investigation - Mission La Roca pt.1 - sea1 ep19 as Antonio Baracas
2005 Behind The Mask Of Zorro - documentary as Joaquin Murrieta
2006 CSI Miami - Free Fall - sea 4 ep20 as Nicholas Suero
2007 ER - Black Out - sea14 ep7 as Javier
2007 ER - Gravity - sea14 ep4 as Javier
2007 CSI Crime Scene Investigation - Lying Down With Dogs - sea8 ep10 as Felix Rodriguez
2008 Dexter - Do You Take Dexter Morgan - sea3 ep12 as George "The Skinner" King / Captain Jorge "El Fierro" Orozco
2008 Dexter - I Had A Dream - sea3 ep11 - George King
2008 Dexter - Go Your Own Way - sea3 ep10 as George King
2008 Dexter - About Last Night - sea3 ep9 as George King
2008 Dexter - The Damage A Man Can Do - sea3 ep8 - George King
2008 Dexter - The Lion Sleeps Tonight - sea3 ep7 as George King
2008 ER - Believe The Unseen - sea14 ep12 as Javier
2008 Independent Lens - Writwriter - sea9ep 24 as voice
2011 Chaos (TV series) - Proof of Life - sea.1 ep3 as Ernesto Salazar
2013 Burn Notice - Things Unseen - sea.7ep 10 as Nando
2014 From Dusk Till Dawn: The Series - Place of Dead Roads - sea.1 ep6 as T.T. Doorman
2017 Fear the Walking Dead Season 3 as Efraín
2020 Vida - Episode 19 as Victor
References
2.Conjunto Borrego bid farewell to Salute-The Music Beat
posted 7-20-2012
blog mysanantonio.com/TheMusicBeat
3.Jesse Borrego-Fame Forever/Kids From Fame
www.fameforever.com/series/bios-jesse.php
4. Where are they now - Back to School
Fame forever.com
5. Heart and Casa posted Sept 6,2013
Blog /Latino Americans/PBS
www.pbs.org/Latinos Americans
6.Actor Jesse Borrego, Guest co-host !!/ Kens5.com San Antonio
www.kens5.com
Great Day San Antonio Show
7.Latest Titles with Jesse Borrego- IMDb
www.imdb.com/filmosearch
External links
1962 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
University of the Incarnate Word alumni
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male actors of Mexican descent
Hispanic and Latino American male actors
Harlandale High School alumni |
4018787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissing%20with%20Confidence | Kissing with Confidence | "Kissing with Confidence" is a song by Will Powers (the stage name/persona of photographer-turned-singer Lynn Goldsmith) from her 1983 album Dancing for Mental Health. It was written by Goldsmith, Jacob Brackman, Nile Rodgers, Todd Rundgren, and Steve Winwood. Goldsmith used a voice recorder to sound like a man. Carly Simon is the uncredited lead singer.
Mixed by Rundgren, it was released as a single in the UK, peaking at No. 17 on the UK Singles Chart.
Track listings and formats
7" single
"Kissing With Confidence" – 3:54
"All Thru History" – 4:08
12" single
"Kissing With Confidence" (Extended Version) – 5:31
"Kissing With Confidence (Dub Version)" – 6:40
Charts
References
External links
Lynn Goldsmith's Official Website
Carly Simon's Official Website
YouTube - Kissing With Confidence (Official Music Video)
1983 singles
1983 songs
Carly Simon songs
Songs written by Steve Winwood
Songs written by Nile Rodgers
Songs written by Todd Rundgren
Songs written by Jacob Brackman |
4018797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%20Love | Graham Love | Graham Love (born 18 March 1954) was the chief executive officer of the defence contractor, QinetiQ Group plc. He is a graduate of Cambridge University and a chartered accountant.
In the late 1980s he was part of the senior management team that expanded Weber Shandwick through a major acquisition programme involving the purchase of over 30 public relations agencies worldwide acting as its finance director.
In 1992, Love joined the UK Government's Defence Research Agency as Finance Director and continued in the role when the agency expanded into Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA).
He was appointed Managing Director of the support services division (DSSD) in 1995. Two years later, he led the successful buy-out of DSSD from DERA to form Comax Secure Business Services Ltd. He subsequently led the team which negotiated the sale of Comax to Amey plc.
In 2001, Love rejoined DERA as Chief Financial Officer, subsequently playing a key role in the formation of QinetiQ and the sale of a controlling interest to The Carlyle Group.
Controversially, his £106,000 investment in the company was later worth £20m at flotation.
In 2005, Love became Chief Executive of QinetiQ, as the company moved to IPO. In October 2009, Love resigned his position after an official report into the crash of an ageing British Nimrod Maritime Patrol Aircraft over Afghanistan in 2006, which killed 14 people, found that QinetiQ bore some of the blame for the mistakes that led to the crash.
Love then joined LGC as Chairman.
He was on the Board of STEMNET (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Network) and the Advisory Board of SEMTA (Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing Technologies) and is a Senior Adviser at the Chertoff Group (a strategic advisory group focused on security, intelligence and government services).
Graham has also been chairman of Racing Green Cars, Eversholt Rail Group, SLR Consulting Group, 2E2, Xendo, Hanson Wade and The Royal Mint. He is a trustee and chair of the audit committee at MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology).
References
English chief executives
1954 births
Living people
Qinetiq
Alumni of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Chief financial officers |
4018803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portman%20Estate | Portman Estate | The Portman Estate, covering 110 acres of Marylebone in London’s West End, was founded in 1532 when the land was first leased to Sir William Portman.
The Portman Estate also has two rural estates in Buckinghamshire and Herefordshire. In addition to its core landlord operation, The Portman Estate runs The Portman Foundation, a charitable trust which supports charities and other causes which are located in or benefit the Marylebone area.
Area
The London Estate in Marylebone covers 110 acres from Edgware Road in the west to beyond Baker Street in the east, and north almost as far as Crawford Street. It covers 68 streets, 650 buildings and four garden squares.
The estate's Chiltern Street was voted “London’s Coolest Street” by Condé Nast Traveler in 2016. Characterised by a row of red brick frontages and a Grade II listed Victorian fire station, the street is now a boutique hotel by American hotelier Andre Balazs; The Chiltern Firehouse.
The Portman Estate owns and manages two farms with very different characteristics. Portman Burtley in Buckinghamshire covers 2,000 acres of farmland and woodland which have an organic beef enterprise of 200 South Devon cattle. Portman Wilmaston in Herefordshire is a 1,000 acre mixed farm of sheep, cattle, arable land and woodland.
History
The Portman Estate dates back to the 16th century, when Sir William Portman, Lord Chief Justice to King Henry VIII, and originally from Orchard Portman in Somerset, leased 270 acres of the Manor of Lileston (Lisson). He acquired the freehold in 1554, but most of the land remained farmland and meadow until the mid-18th century and the building boom after the end of the Seven Years' War in 1763.
In the 1750s William Baker had leased land from the family to lay out Orchard and Portman Streets, and the north side of Oxford Street. Henry William Portman, a descendant of Sir William, continued the development in 1764 with the creation of Portman Square, with buildings by James Wyatt, Robert Adam and James 'Athenian' Stuart, including Montagu House, built in the north-west corner for the famed literary hostess Elizabeth Montagu and later used by the Portman family as their London town house.
Portman Square was the focus of the new estate and was followed by the building of Manchester Square during the 1770s and Bryanston and Montagu Squares 30 years later. These were laid out by the Estate's architect, James Thompson Parkinson. The area remained largely residential, attracting the prosperous middle class who wanted to live near the centre of London. There were also mews for tradesmen and servants. At the southwest corner of the Estate, where Marble Arch now stands, was the Tyburn gallows, London's principal place of public execution until 1783.
Development of the area north of the Marylebone Road around Dorset Square continued after 1815, and to the North West in Lisson Green, workers’ cottages were built from 1820 to 1840. Many of the original Georgian houses north of Portman Square were redeveloped as mansion blocks, which were let on long leases. This development spread along the major traffic routes of Edgware Road and Baker Street.
In 1948 the Estate, then valued at £10 million, was subject to death duties of £7.6 million on the death of the seventh Viscount Portman, resulting in the sale of all the family's West Country estates as well as the northern part of the London Estate in 1951, and the area around Crawford Street the following year. In the later 1950s and 1960s the Estate collaborated with the developer Max Rayne to redevelop the frontage of Oxford Street and Baker Street, as well as the south and west sides of Portman Square.
Construction timeline
1764 - Portman Square
c.1770 - Manchester Square
1810 - Bryanston Square and Montagu Square
Notable buildings
Management
The Estate is held in trust for the benefit of the wider family, with over 130 beneficiaries. The ancestral title is held by The Viscount Portman who leads the family's management of the Estate through the Estate Trustees and the management company, Portman Settled Estates Limited.
References
External links
A History Of The Portman Estate
Portman Village
Chiltern Street
Districts of the City of Westminster
Family-owned companies of the United Kingdom
Privately owned estates in London
1764 establishments in England
Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
Housing organisations based in London
Architecture of London |
4018805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylohyoid%20ligament | Stylohyoid ligament | The stylohyoid ligament is a ligament that connects the hyoid bone to the temporal styloid process (of the temporal bone of the skull).
Structure
The stylohyoid ligament connects the lesser horn of hyoid bone to the styloid process of the temporal bone of the skull.
Clinical significance
The stylohyoid ligament frequently contains a little cartilage in its center, which is sometimes partially ossified in Eagle syndrome.
Other animals
In many animals, the epihyal is a distinct bone in the centre of the stylohyoid ligament, which is similar to that seen in Eagle syndrome.
References
Additional images
External links
Diagram at occup-med.com
Human head and neck
Ligaments |
4018810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20About%20Anna | All About Anna | All About Anna is a 2005 Danish erotic film directed by Jessica Nilsson and starring Gry Bay and Mark Stevens. The film is explicit in its exploration of sexual relationships.
It is a co-production between Innocent Pictures and Lars von Trier's Zentropa Productions, and is the third of Zentropa's sex films for women, following Constance (1998) and Pink Prison (1999). All three films were based on the Puzzy Power Manifesto developed by Zentropa in 1997.
Plot
All About Anna tells the story of Anna (Gry Bay), a single woman who seeks to maintain an active sex life while staying clear of emotional involvement, after having been jilted by the love of her life, Johan (Mark Stevens). She has a relationship with Frank (Thomas Raft), but refuses to let him move in with her. When Johan shows up again after five years absence, she starts wondering how much longer she can maintain her emotional independence, and if that is what she wants. She has sex with him, loses his telephone number and cannot contact him. She ends her affair with Frank and when she is offered a job as costume designer in a French theatre, she decides to move to Paris. She leaves her flat to her flatmate Camilla (Eileen Daly) who asks her permission to rent out the now empty room to a friend of hers. This friend turns out to be Johan, and Anna meets him as she leaves for Paris, where the local stage actors Pierre (Morten Schelbech) and Sophie (Ovidie) offer new amorous temptations, but she worries about Johan finding a new love. In the end she returns to Copenhagen and, after mistakenly thinking that Johan has been unfaithful to her, she faces her fears of commitment and is reunited with him.
Release and distribution
The film was originally released in November 2005 on a Scandinavian 3-disc DVD. This was the first Danish pornographic film to be released with subtitles for the hearing-impaired, which was enthusiastically received by the deaf community.
The US theatrical premiere was held on January 18, 2007, in Chicago, Illinois, where it was included in the series Cinematic Sexualities in the 21st Century, arranged by Doc Films in collaboration with The University of Chicago Film Studies Center.
The two-disc US DVD was released on January 29, 2008.
All About Anna was officially selected for Zurich Film Festival and Io Isabella International Film Week.
In September 2009, it was released theatrically in the UK as a double bill with Lars von Trier's Antichrist (also a Zentropa-film with sexually explicit images).
Reception and awards
In 2006 it was nominated for two EroticLine Awards in the categories Best International Newcomer (Gry Bay) and Best International Actor (Mark Stevens).
In 2007 it won three Scandinavian Adult Awards, including Best Scandinavian Couples Film, Best Scandinavian Actor (Thomas Raft) and Best Selling Scandinavian Star of 2006 (Gry Bay).
In September 2007, Germany's biggest weekly magazine Stern identified women's pornography as one of 50 trends, placed an image from All About Anna on the cover of its cultural supplement Stern Journal, and commented:
In her book Secrets of Porn Star Sex (Infinite Ideas, 2007), British author Marcelle Perks includes a chapter on female-friendly porn, in which she concludes: "Rather than being intimidated by porn, do a bit of research and find something that you can have fun with. An ideal introduction movie is the hit film All About Anna, a mainstream film that features real sex".
In April 2008, the U.S. trade journal AVN gave the film an AAAAA Editor's Choice Review. It was one of only four films to receive the journal's highest rating that month. Critic Jared Rutter wrote:
In May 2008, French trade journal Hot Vidéo #208 placed All About Anna highest in the category "la crème du porno feminine".
In May 2008, Danish lifestyle magazine Woman #112 had asked a group of female readers to rate a selection of erotic product, including books, websites, CDs etc. The highest score went to All About Anna.
In June 2008, the trade journal AVN Europe gave the film an 8 out of 10 rating, and wrote:
In November 2008, the film was nominated for four AVN Awards in the following categories:
Best Foreign Feature
Best Music Soundtrack
Best Packaging
Best On-Line Marketing Campaign – Individual Project (AllAboutAnna.com)
This among other things marked the first Best Foreign Feature AVN Award nomination for an Academy Award-nominated company.
In January 2009, All About Anna ranked #2 on a top-ten of female-friendly sex films published on the Website of Europe's biggest newspaper, Bild. The list also included Constance and Pink Prison.
Release versions
The film exists in at least three versions. The original Scandinavian DVD release contains both the Producer's Cut and the Director's Cut. A Softcore Version with no explicit sexual footage has also been released in Germany.
See also
List of mainstream movies with unsimulated sex
References
External links
All About Anna review at Fleshbot
All About Anna review at Adult Video News
2005 films
Danish films
Danish LGBT-related films
2000s erotic drama films
Lesbian-related films
Danish erotic drama films
2005 drama films |
4018823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20Consoles%20Inc. | Computer Consoles Inc. | Computer Consoles Inc. or CCI was a telephony and computer company located in Rochester, New York, United States, which did business first as a private, and then ultimately a public company from 1968 to 1990. CCI provided worldwide telephone companies with directory assistance equipment and other systems to automate various operator and telephony services, and later sold a line of 68k-based Unix computers and the Power 6/32 Unix supermini.
History
Computer Consoles Inc. (CCI, incorporated May 20, 1968) was founded by three Xerox employees, Edward H. Nutter, Alfred J. Moretti, and Jeffrey Tai, to develop one of the earliest versions of a smart computer terminal, principally for the telephony market. Raymond J. Hasenauer (Manufacturing), Eiji Miki (Electronic design), Walter Ponivas (Documentation) and James M. Steinke (Mechanical design) joined the company at its inception. Due to the state of the art in electronics at the time, this smart terminal was the size of an average sized office desk.
Automating Operator Services
Due to the success of the smart computer terminal, and the expertise the company gained in understanding Operator Services, the company started development programs to offer networked computer systems that provided contract managed access time, specified as a guaranteed number of seconds to paint the operator's first screen of information, to various telephony databases such as directory assistance and intercept messages. The largest such system was designed and installed for British Telecom to provide initially Directory Assistance throughout Great Britain and Ireland. These systems combined Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 computers with custom hardware and software developed by CCI.
Automatic Voice Response
To provide higher levels of automation to operator services, CCI introduced in the early 1980s various Automatic Voice Response (AVR) systems tightly integrated with its popular Directory Assistance systems. AVR provided voice response of the customer requested data, almost universally starting the prompt with a variant of the phrase, "The number is". Early systems were based on very small vocabulary synthesised speech chips, follow-on systems utilized 8-bit PCM, and later ADPCM voice playback using audio authored either by CCI or the local phone company.
Digital Switching
To provide even higher levels of automation, CCI started a very aggressive program in the early 1980s to develop a PCM digital telephone switching system targeted for automated, user defined call scenarios. Initial installations handled intercept and calling card calls by capturing multi-frequency and DTMF audio band signaling via the DSP based multi-frequency receiver board. Later systems added speaker independent speech recognition via a quad digital audio processor board to initially automate collect calls.
PERPOS, Perpetual Processing Operating System
To provide better control over transaction processing, significant improvements in fault tolerance, and richer support for networking, CCI developed PERPOS, a Unix derivative that provided integrated support for real-time transaction processing, load balancing, and fault tolerant features such as hot and cold standby.
Power 5 and Power 6 computers
PERPOS was developed for a line of Motorola 68000-based computers called the Power 5 series, which CCI developed. They were a line of multi-processor, fault-tolerant computers, code-named after the Great Lakes. The Power 5 line also included single-processor 68000-based computers, code-named after the Finger Lakes, running a regular Unix port called PERPOS-S, which was originally a Version 7-derived kernel with a System III-derived userland; the kernel was later modified to provide System III compatibility.
Later, Computer Consoles opened a development center in Irvine, California, United States, which developed a proprietary minicomputer, competitive with the Digital Equipment Corporation VAX, called the Power 6/32, code-named "Tahoe" after Lake Tahoe. It ran an internally developed BSD port, and the Computer Systems Research Group at the University of California, Berkeley also ported 4.3BSD to it, producing the release known as "4.3-Tahoe". Sperry Corporation remarketed the Power 6 as the 7000 series (referred to as U7000 after the merger with Burroughs to form Unisys.) Harris Corporation also sold the Power 6 as the HCX-7 and HCX-9. A companion 68010-based machine, the Power 5/32, also ran the internally developed BSD port; it was code-named "Walden" after Walden Pond.
Targeted as a competitor to the Unix/VAX platform, it succeeded for solutions where processing power was paramount. Universities requiring time-shared compilation engines for their students were particularly keen. The machine suffered when applied to general purpose database application environments, not least because the I/O subsystem over-relied on the central processing power (much as the VAX did) and thus used relatively dumb I/O processors. The Power 6 running either version of Unix also suffered from the inefficient memory management inherent in BSD 4.3. The core of this was the use of a 512-byte page rather than a 4K-byte page. Leffer et al. suggest they did this due to concerns about VAX support of 4k dynamic paging. The Power 6 had no such problems, but no operating system to support it.
The final issue with the Power 6/32 running Unix was the lack of support for symmetric multiprocessing: All system calls would have to run on the "Master" processor, forcing a dual processing machine to reschedule a process from the "slave" processor for every system call. The net result of this meant database benchmarks often ran faster on a single processor than a dual.
Office automation
Due to the success the firm had in network based data management, they partnered with, and ultimately acquired, a small company in Reston, Virginia, called RLG Corporation (named after founder Richard L Gauthier), to develop a terminal-based integrated office automation system. RLG had had experience developing this kind of system for the United States Department of Transportation. The office suite, called OfficePower, provided an integrated set of functions such as word processing, spreadsheet, email, and database access via a compact desktop smart terminal backed by a mini, or super mini-computer. Although the system software was ported to various Unix variants, most installations were hosted on CCI's Power 5 and Power 6 machines running CCI's Unix ports.
One installation was at the US Naval Surface Weapons Center in Dahlgren, Virginia; it consisted of two VAXes running 4.2BSD and a number of Power 5/20 machines running PERPOS-S. The VAXes were connected to each other by an ethernet, but, at the time, it wasn't cost-effective to provide ethernet adapters on all the Power 5/20 machines. The Power 5/20s were using 3Com's UNET as their TCP/IP implementation; it included an encapsulation scheme for sending IP datagrams over serial lines. Rick Adams implemented this encapsulation scheme as a line discipline for 4.2BSD; this was the origin of SLIP.
After the takeover of CCI by Standard Telephones and Cables (STC) (see below), OfficePower was developed as the primary office system for International Computers Limited (ICL), owned by STC, with ports for the ICL DRS range and later servers with Power 6/32, Motorola 68030, Intel x86 and Sun SPARC architectures. It continued to be used widely by ICL customers into the late 1990s.
CCI (Europe) Inc
CCI (Europe) Inc was the wholly owned European Sales, Marketing and Support operation based in West London and established with Richard Levy (Altergo, Wang) as European Vice President, with responsibilities for all business aspects outside of North America. Richard Levy recruited industry professionals to target specific market sectors and distribution channels for the European and International markets for the entire CCI range of computer and telephony products.
CCI (Europe) maintained close co-operation with Rochester, NY for the manufacturing, stock & shipping and Irvine, CA for planning & management. Liaising closely with the Israeli R&D operation for international systems translation, CCI Europe established a solid base in major European accounts and International third-party Distribution channels such as ICL & BT and became an integral aspect of the parent company.
CCI Israel, Inc.
CCI Israel, Inc. was a separately incorporated Delaware corporation however it was closely affiliated with the Rochester, NY, Irvine, CA and Reston, VA operations of Computer Consoles, Inc (CCI). It was first established to manage a telephony project for the Israeli national telephone company, Bezeq. The initial Israeli project was based on products developed in the Rochester-based group.
In Israel, development and installation was managed by CCI-Israel's managing director, Jacob "Jack" Mark. Mr. Mark, was earlier affiliated with the original Bell Labs team to which the core development of the Unix operating system is attributed. The small Ramat Gan-based office later grew to support the efforts of the U.S.-based CCI offices, eventually becoming a major research and development center for machine level/operating systems products, telephony products, office automation products (particularly for British and foreign language "OfficePower").
CCI Israel also undertook local development projects for major clients - notably Motorola and Israel Aircraft Industries. In the mid-1980s CCI-Israel introduced the U.S. companies' brand of 5/32 and 6/32 micro- and mini-computers to the local Israeli market. CCI-Israel - through seminars and training groups - was also instrumental in developing and popularizing the Unix operating system and the C programming language in Israel. CCI-Israel was also responsible for establishing the first Unix "User Group" in that country.
Accomplishments
CCI actively participated in various telecom and public standard bodies such as ANSI, and in the development of Unix and the C programming language. It was a pioneer of design and deployment of real-time, transaction processing computer systems, of true fault tolerant computing systems, distributed database access and distributed file system access. CCI was one of earliest commercial entities connected to the Internet as cci.com.
CCI deployed the largest multi-processor, shared file-system, Unix based (PERPOS) system of the era in British Telecom in the late 1980s. The design concepts of the system were years ahead of its time. The company was also a pioneer of design and deployment of voice response and speech recognition to the public telephone networks to automate traditional operator based services.
CCI controlled over 90% of the world market for equipment to automate telephony Directory services at the time of acquisition by STC.
Acquisition by Standard Telephones and Cables
STC acquired CCI effective January 1, 1989. At this time CCI was organized as two major business units: one in Rochester ("CCI - Rochester"), which manufactured telecommunications equipment, and a Computer Products Division in Irvine ("CCI - Irvine"), which manufactured computer hardware. Office systems software was produced at Reston, Virginia. In reality there was a third operation which was a financing group that held the commercial leases for equipment typically sold to telephone companies. At the time of the acquisition the lease base was rumored to be valued at over $700M US dollars.
Also at the time of the acquisition, CCI was involved in a dispute with General Telephone and Electronics ("GTE") over GTE's failure to supply CCI with certain "computer chips" for a new generation of computers being developed by CCI (the "GTE litigation").
After completion of the acquisition, CCI - Rochester became a subsidiary of an STC operating unit known as STC Telecom. Shortly thereafter, the Computer Products Division at Irvine and Office Products Centre at Reston were sold to another STC operating unit, ICL, for net book value of the assets. CCI - Rochester was kept under the jurisdiction of STC Telecom, which was also in the telecommunications business.
Acquisition by Northern Telecom Ltd.
STC Telecom was acquired by Northern Telecom effective March 1991 and became part of the company's European operations. Effective January 1, 1992, CCI was transferred to the Northern Telecom U.S. entity, and was eventually merged into this business unit. At that time, CCI was dissolved and Northern Telecom assumed its assets and liabilities.
Notable Historic Uses
Pixar Computer Animation Group employed a Power 6/32 machine to render the "Glass Man" sequence in Steven Spielberg's Young Sherlock Holmes movie (1985).
References
Computer companies established in 1968
Computer companies disestablished in 1992
Manufacturing companies based in Rochester, New York
1968 establishments in New York (state)
1992 disestablishments in New York (state) |
4018828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RV%20%28film%29 | RV (film) | RV (also known as Runaway Vacation) is a 2006 road comedy film directed by Barry Sonnenfeld, produced by Lucy Fisher and Douglas Wick, written by Geoff Rodkey. It stars Robin Williams in the lead role, Jeff Daniels, Cheryl Hines, Kristin Chenoweth, Joanna Levesque, and Josh Hutcherson. Bob Munro (Williams) and his dysfunctional family rent an RV for a road trip from Los Angeles to the Colorado Rockies, where they ultimately have to contend with a bizarre community of campers. It was released on April 28, 2006, in North America and was released on UMD, DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 15, 2006.
Plot
Bob Munro, a successful California beverage company executive, is struggling to reconnect with his dysfunctional family, which includes his materialistic wife, Jamie, his irritable and brash sixteen-year-old daughter, Cassie, and his mischievous twelve-year-old son, Carl, who is an aspiring weightlifter and likes hip hop. At a company picnic, Bob is embarrassed in front of his self-absorbed boss, Todd Mallory, by Cassie's militant friend, Gretchen, who hurls a bottle of schmaltz all over Todd's face for putting unhealthy drinks in schools. Looking forward to a big family vacation in Hawaii, the Munros are forced to cancel it when Todd, out of spite, tells Bob that he has to attend a merger meeting with the Alpine Soda company in Boulder, Colorado instead, or else he will be fired. Concealing the real reason for not going to Hawaii, he rents a garish RV from the dodgy dealer Irv and tells his family they are traveling to the Rockies, much to their dismay.
During their trip, the Munros have many mishaps, which include Bob damaging the parking brake, crashing into and running over various objects, flushing out a trio of raccoons with a stink bomb, and fixing a clogged sewage system. Along the way, the Munros meet another traveling family, the Gornickes, consisting of Travis, his wife Mary Jo, and their children, Earl, Moon, and Billy. Earl develops a romantic interest in Cassie, and Carl starts to like Moon, but thinking that the Gornickes are too strange for them, Bob and Jamie decide to ditch them. When they reappear at another stop, the Munros believe they are stalking them. Meanwhile, Bob tries to e-mail a proposal outline from his laptop, working in restrooms. Eventually, a hitchhiker steals it, leaving him with only a BlackBerry PDA, which he does manage to use to compose and wirelessly send his proposal to his company. The Gornickes then recover the stolen laptop after picking up the same hitchhiker and persuading him to return it.
Eventually, the Munros begin to enjoy their trip. In order to attend the meeting, Bob distracts his family by faking illness and sends them on a hike. The meeting is a success, and Bob is invited to talk to the whole company again the next day. Rushing back to his family in the RV, he takes a treacherous 4 wheel drive trail, and gets the huge RV stuck atop a mountain in the middle of the trail. He eventually manages to dislodge the RV from the mountain by getting on the front and rocking it until it eventually wobbles and tips forward enough to slide down from atop the mountain. Now riding on the front while it is traveling at a frenzied pace, Bob barely manages to return to his family in time. While Bob is attempting a similar ruse the next day, the parking brake fails again and the RV rolls into a lake. Bob comes clean about the true purpose of the trip, and his family becomes upset that he would treat them like that. Still needing to get to the meeting, he asks them for help, but they refuse. He retrieves one of their bicycles from the lake the RV rolled into and pedals off by himself. His family hitchhikes and is then picked up by the Gornickes, and soon realize how well they get along with each other.
Bob appears again, climbing atop the moving RV. He apologizes to his family, and they, in turn, apologize to him for their selfishness and reveal that they love him more than the lifestyle his job gives them. As support, the two families accompany Bob to the next meeting.
At the meeting, Bob starts his speech and it goes well, but then he has an epiphany and recommends against the merger, realizing that Todd's selfishness would destroy a great independent company. Todd gets upset and tries to dismiss Bob's claims, but Cassie backs her father up by saying Todd was outsourcing the company. In retaliation, Todd fires Bob on the spot. Carl gets angry at Todd and flips him over his shoulder, onto the ground. Bob tells Todd that he quits anyway. Bob soon retrieves the sodden-but-still-operable RV from the lake. At the end, he is offered a job by the owners of Alpine Soda, who want to go national independently with Bob. In addition, at the same time, the parking brake fails once again, causing the RV to roll backwards, flattening both a police car and the Alpine Soda company owner's car.
Ultimately, the Munros and the Gornickes dance and sing "Route 66".
Cast
Robin Williams as Bob Munro
Cheryl Hines as Jamie Munro, Bob's wife
Joanna Levesque as Cassie Munro, Bob & Jamie's daughter
Erika-Shaye Gair as 5-year-old Cassie Munro
Josh Hutcherson as Carl Munro, Bob & Jamie's son
Jeff Daniels as Travis Gornicke
Kristin Chenoweth as Mary Jo Gornicke, Travis's wife
Will Arnett as Todd Mallory, Bob's self-absorbed boss
Hunter Parrish as Earl Gornicke, Travis & Mary Jo's son
Chloe Sonnenfeld as Moon Gornicke, Travis & Mary Jo's daughter
Alex Ferris as Billy Gornicke, Travis & Mary Jo's son
Brendan Fletcher as Howie
Matthew Gray Gubler as Joseph "Joe Joe"
Barry Sonnenfeld as Irv
Richard Ian Cox as Laird (as Richard Cox)
Rob LaBelle as Larry Moiphine
Brian Markinson as Garry Moiphine
Ty Olsson as Diablo Pass Officer
Production
The film began principal photography in the Vancouver area and southern Alberta on May 25, 2005 and finished filming the following August.
Soundtrack
The score was written by James Newton Howard and featured several members of the Lyle Lovett Band: Matt Rollings (keyboards), Russ Kunkel (drums), Ray Herndon (guitar), Viktor Krauss (bass), and Buck Reid (pedal steel). Alvin Chea, vocalist from Take 6, provided solo vocals. Additional music was provided by Stuart Michael Thomas and Blake Neely. Several songs were featured prominently in the film including: "GTO", "Route 66", "Cherry Bomb", and "Stand by Your Man".
Release
The film was theatrically released in North America on April 28, 2006 by Columbia Pictures and was released on UMD, DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 15, 2006 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.
The film grossed $71.7 million in America and $15.8 million in other territories for a total gross of $87.5 million, against a production budget of $50 million. In its opening weekend, it finished number one at the box office with $16.4 million.
Reception
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 23% based on 124 reviews and an average rating of 4.26/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "An unoriginal and only occasionally funny family road-trip movie, RV is a mediocre effort that not even the charisma of Robin Williams can save." On Metacritic, it has a score of 33 out of 100 based on reviews from 28 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave it an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.
Justin Chang of Variety said "RV works up an ingratiating sweetness that partially compensates for its blunt predictability and meager laughs." Roger Ebert, writing for the Chicago Sun-Times, gave the film two out of four stars, saying "There is nothing I much disliked but little to really recommend."
Accolades
See also
The Long Long Trailer
References
External links
2006 films
2000s adventure comedy films
2000s comedy road movies
American adventure comedy films
American comedy road movies
German adventure comedy films
German comedy road movies
English-language German films
English-language films
Films about dysfunctional families
Films about vacationing
Films set in Colorado
Films shot in Alberta
Films shot in Vancouver
Columbia Pictures films
Films directed by Barry Sonnenfeld
Films produced by Lucy Fisher
Films produced by Douglas Wick
Films scored by James Newton Howard
2006 comedy films
Relativity Media films
Golden Raspberry Award winning films |
4018856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Blow | Jonathan Blow | Jonathan Blow (born 1971) is an American video game designer and programmer. He is best known for his work on the independent video games Braid (2008) and The Witness (2016).
Born in California, Blow developed a passion for game programming during middle school and later pursued a double degree in computer science and creative writing at the University of California, Berkeley. He dropped out of college and briefly worked as a software developer before he started a game company with a friend. Once the company closed a few years later with the dot-com bubble bust, Blow worked as a game development contractor. He co-founded the Experimental Gameplay Workshop and wrote a monthly column for Game Developer before he started part-time work on Braid in 2005. The game was released in 2008 to critical acclaim, made Blow a millionaire, and is often credited with catalyzing a period of independent game development in the years following its release. He co-founded investment organization Indie Fund, and is one of the subjects of the 2012 documentary film Indie Game: The Movie.
Blow began work on The Witness shortly after the release of Braid, using most of its revenue to fund development. Blow hired many people to work on The Witness full-time, forming the company Thekla, Inc. in the process. After more than seven years of development, the game was released in 2016 to critical acclaim. It was financially successful, and received several nominations for British Academy Games Awards and Game Developers Choice Awards. During development of The Witness, Blow became frustrated at using C++ to program its game engine, and began designing and creating a new programming language for game development. Full-time work on the language, codenamed Jai, and a new game written in the language, began in 2016. By working on both Jai and the game at the same time, Blow is able to test out the design of the language, improve it early in its lifetime, and demonstrate the capability of the language. Jai has been released in a closed beta, and in December 2021 its compiler reached beta version 100.
Early life
Jonathan Blow was born in Southern California in 1971. His father worked as a defense contractor for TRW, and his mother was an ex-nun. He has an older sister. Blow attended middle school in Northern San Diego County. While there, he attended a fifth or sixth-grade computer class with Commodore VIC-20s which provided him with his first introduction to programming and computers. Blow said "That was my favorite thing at school. I got it right away." When his parents noticed that he was very interested in computers, they got him a TRS-80 Color Computer, on which Blow learned how to program in BASIC, often from exercise books from RadioShack. In high school he also programmed games on a Commodore 64. Some of the games he programmed were inspired by Indiana Jones and Pac-Man.
Blow attended UC Berkeley as an undergraduate in 1989, majoring in computer science and creative writing. He was a member of the university's undergraduate computer science association, the CSUA, going on to become a president of the club. Blow said he wrote some science fiction during college, although published it under a pseudonym. His favorite game in college was a game made by some fellow UC Berkeley students called Nettrack, which Blow described as "like playing football with Star-trek ships". He spent five years at UC Berkeley, but dropped out with less than one semester to go. When asked about why he left, Blow said "I was really depressed about being at school, I didn't like it. I didn't have a good time."
Career
19942000: Career beginnings and Wulfram 2
After leaving UC Berkeley, Blow worked at a "really boring" enterprise software company for six months, before taking up a contracting role at Silicon Graphics. There he ported Doom and Doom II to a set-top box. Blow noted "trying to play Doom on a TV remote is terrible, but I had it working."
Around February 1996 Blow started a game company in Oakland with a friend from college using $24,000 of savings. They worked on a game which Blow described as an "online-only, 32 player drop-in drop-out science fiction hovertank combat game". The game was playable in 1997, and they kept working on it to make it better. The name of the game went through several name changes, the final version of the game on the internet was called Wulfram 2. The company signed the game with Total Entertainment Network, which made the game available through a subscription service. Blow said the contract "kept us alive at subsistence level for some amount of time". After TEN was shutdown in 1999, Blow brought the game to Interactive Magic. Blow said his company lasted until the dot-com bubble bust of the early 2000s, after which a former business partner of Blow ran the game for free on the internet.
In a 2020 interview, Blow said he was convinced that 1996 was the hardest time in history to start a video game company, because of the transition from 2D to 3D titles. A number of components of the game were challenging to implement, but Blow learned a lot from the experience. He summarized "we went broke, and I was burned out for several years after that from working hard... but that's how I became a good programmer."
20012004: Contracting work
After Blow closed his first studio, he did contracting work with a number of game studios with larger budgets. Games he worked on included Oddworld: Munch's Oddysee, Deus Ex: Invisible War and Thief: Deadly Shadows. In 2002, together with Chris Hecker, Doug Church and Robin Hunicke, Blow co-founded the experimental gameplay workshop at the Game Developers Conference. Around this time, he also wrote The Inner Product, a monthly column for magazine Game Developer.
During part of this time period, Blow moved to New York City where he was introduced to an IBM research project about servers based on cell processors, which IBM had partly developed. Blow pitched them a proof of concept of a physics-intensive online multiplayer game about giant robots attacking a town. The idea was that the server would run the physics simulation of the game and then send the results to the clients. The robots in the game, for example, moved not through fixed animations, but by physics simulation of forces applied to the robots' joints. The players could shoot and destroy these joints, and the game's server would simulate the results. Blow and Atman Binstock did most of the programming of the game,
Blow writing the client-side code, graphics, and gameplay, while Binstock wrote the physics engine to run on the server from scratch. After submitting their final report to IBM, the team tried bring the game to EA, but Blow said "they were like, 'Yeah, we're not impressed'".
Further contract work for Blow included particle effect programming on Flow (running on the PS3, which used the cell processor), and code review when MTV purchased Harmonix "to make sure there weren't legal landmines" in the company's code. Blow said of this part of his life "I didn't really know what I was doing in life yet, I was just stumbling forward like people do sometimes, and doing the best that I knew how to do, which at that time was programming."
20052008: Braid
The 2D puzzle-platformer Braid (2008) was a landmark of independent game development. Released on the Xbox 360 through Xbox Live Arcade (XBLA), the game was "an immediate sensation", and a critical and commercial success. Braid demonstrated that it was possible for indie developers to release games on storefronts (instead of through publishers) and remain financially successful. The game "is often credited as the catalyst for the indie [game] boom of the following years".
In Braid, the player solves puzzles using a combination of platforming gameplay and the ability to rewind time. The puzzles typically require the player to figure out how to move the player-character to the jigsaw pieces located throughout the world. Rewinding time is usually an essential part of the solutions to the puzzles, and the precise mechanism of the rewind changes throughout the course of the game. The plot of the game is told through a combination of textual exposition between worlds, environmental art, and gameplay. The story initially appears to be about the protagonist searching for a princess, although Blow stated that the narrative was "big and subtle and resists being looked at directly."
Blow created a prototype for Braid in December 2004, and began work on the game proper five months later. Much of the work was part-time as Blow also did consulting work for income and invested time into martial-arts training. By December 2005 Blow had finished the first version of the game; however, he felt the graphic art "looked extremely amateur". After many "false starts" trying to find a good artist, he hired David Hellman, who would eventually create all of the game's art. For the game's fiction, Blow drew inspiration from a variety of his favourite books and films such as Invisible Cities and Mulholland Drive. Blow used licensed music for the game as this allowed him to choose high-quality long tracks which worked well with time reversal while reducing development costs.
In mid 2007 he signed with Microsoft to release the game on the Xbox 360's Xbox Live Arcade. Blow felt that time spent meeting the XBLA certification process would have been better spent polishing the game, but said "for the most part, working with Microsoft has been great". He noted that Microsoft was "very hands-off" with respect to game design, and that "the final game is exactly what I wanted to put there". Blow estimated that he spent more than $180,000 of his own money to develop Braid.
The game was released digitally in August 2008 to critical acclaim and commercial success. The Xbox 360 version holds a score of 93 on review aggregator Metacritic, and the game sold more than 55,000 copies during the first week of release. The game made Blow a millionaire. Available only through download, the game represented an early shift in video games from physical to digital stores. The success of the game inspired many other indie developers; in particular, a designer at Supergiant Games said the studio wouldn't exist without the success of Braid. By 2010 some other indie games had also found commercial success, leading Blow to cofound Indie Fund in 2010. Blow was featured in the documentary film Indie Game: The Movie, where he discusses his experiences developing and releasing Braid. By mid-2012 the game had sold more than 450,000 copies, and in 2014 Blow stated that sales had brought in more than $4 million in revenue. Blow used most of the revenue to fund The Witness.
20092016: The Witness
Blow's next project was The Witness (2016), a first-person game in which the player explores an island while solving a large variety of puzzles on panels. The panel puzzles require the player to draw a path on the panel, and the puzzle is solved if the path satisfies a number of rules. Blow wanted to create a game utilizing non-verbal communication, and as such, the puzzle rules are never explained with words. Instead, the puzzles themselves teach the player the rules. Blow felt that solving puzzles in this way could generate epiphanies for players, and tried to design the game so that the player experiences "miniature epiphanies over and over again". The game includes around 650 panels, and Blow estimated that solving every puzzle in the game would take more than 80 hours.
Work on The Witness began shortly after the release of Braid in 2008. Blow created prototypes of several different game ideas before choosing the one he liked the most, despite it being a 3D game which he "absolutely didn't want to do". Throughout development, Blow hired people to work on the game full-time, forming the company Thekla, Inc. in the process, which he is president of. By the time the game was revealed to the public in 2010, three people were working on the game full-time, and by 2015 this number had grown to eight. Blow had hoped to release the game as a launch title for the PS4 in 2013; however, work on the game continued until its release in 2016. At the time, it was virtually unheard of for a small independent game studio to spend more than seven years on a game. Blow said that The Witness ending up being "a much bigger game than I thought", and that "as long as it looked like we were going to have the money and time... we decided to make it the best thing we can."
The game was released on Windows and the PlayStation 4 in January 2016 to critical acclaim and commercial success. The Windows and PS4 versions hold scores of 87 on review aggregator Metacritic, and several popular gaming publications awarded the game perfect scores. The game received several BAFTA and Game Developers Choice Awards nominations. The Witness debuted at $39.99, a price point that was met in some gaming forums with outcry. Blow stated that the price point was "fairly reflective of what the game is", and journalists noted that other independent games of a similar scope and quality debuted with the same price. Blow reported that the first week sales revenue of The Witness totaled over $5 million USD, and that it had sold more than 100,000 units. Blow noted that after release The Witness was one of the top downloads on illegal BitTorrent websites, and was pirated "just as heavily" as Braid. He noted that piracy "will not help [Thekla] afford to make another game! :("
2017present: untitled programming language, untitled sokoban game, and Braid, Anniversary Edition
Towards the end of development of The Witness, Blow became frustrated with C++, the language the game's engine was written in. While he liked recent feature additions to C++, he felt they "were encumbered by the rest of the language" and thought that C++ had "reached critical complexity". He considered switching to Go, D, and Rust, but thought that each had its drawbacks. Blow felt it would be possible to create a new programming language for game development which would increase programming efficiency by at least 20%, and make the job more enjoyable. Further, he predicted that it would actually be easier to make a new programming language for professional game engine programmers than to make a video game.
In 2014, Blow began work on designing and programming the new programming language, which has the codename Jai. When asked about the real name of the language in 2020, Blow noted that in many projects "people put all their effort into the cool name" before a project has had much effort put into it, and that he is "doing things in the opposite way". For about a year and a half work on Jai was part time since Thekla was shipping The Witness during that period. It was around the middle of 2016 when full-time work on Jai and a sokoban game whose game engine is written in Jai began. By working on the sokoban game, its engine, and Jai at the same time, Blow is able to test out the design of Jai, and adjust it early in its lifetime to make it better. Blow has noted that no previous programming languages have debuted with a piece of software in that language as large and complex as a game. By doing so he is able to demonstrate the capability of the language. During a 2018 conference talk Blow demonstrated that a clean non-optimized compilation of the 80,000-line sokoban game took less than two seconds on his laptop. Blow predicted that as work on the compiler continued the compilation rate would increase significantly, with a target compilation rate of a million lines of Jai per second for a clean non-optimized build. Blow intends to release much of the source code of the sokoban game upon release, and said Thekla is trying to structure the code of the game to be "very malleable", so that when it is released it can "provide an in for people who actually want to start experimenting with a program." The Jai compiler reached beta version 100 in December 2021, and is currently in closed beta.
The sokoban game combines puzzle elements from a variety of other sokoban games, as well as adding elements of its own. For example, the majority of characters from Jonah Ostroff's Heroes of Sokoban trilogy appear in the game, as do the lilypads and skipping stones from Alan Hazelden's Skipping Stones To Lonely Homes. By combining so many puzzle elements together Blow is able to "explode out the combinatorics [of the puzzle space] even way further than The Witness did." As of May 2021, the sokoban game has over 700 levels, and Blow stated that it will probably have more than 1000 upon release. Work on the sokoban game, its engine, and Jai are regularly streamed by Blow on his twitch channel.
In August 2020, Thekla announced Braid, Anniversary Edition, a remastered edition of Braid. The game's art is being repainted with significantly more detail, and will have smoother animations and enhanced sound. The edition will have extremely detailed and thorough developer commentary from Blow. Players will be able to toggle between the original and upgraded version while playing. Blow said things which change will not get the "Greedo shoots first" treatment (a reference to a change made to Star Wars). Thekla planned to launch the game in early 2021.
Long-term project
Since 2012 or 2013, Blow has been working on a separate project that will be broken into different installments and elaborations on the same game over the course of 20 years, making it bigger and more complex. They will be individual playable games, each related thematically and deepening in investigation of subject matter for each chapter. Blow stated that the game would not be puzzle-related and that it would be built with the Jai language and engine.
Views on video game industry
Blow, a strong proponent of ethical game design and the potential of video games as an art form, has spoken out about his views in interviews, blog posts, and public speeches. He's claimed that World of Warcraft causes societal problems by diluting the meaning of life to "running on a treadmill" On FarmVille, Blow claimed the developers' goal was to degrade the quality of players' lives, calling its game design "inherently evil."
He has received praise being called "the kind of righteous rebel video games need" and "a spiritual seeker, questing after truth in an as-yet-uncharted realm." Blow has spoken of the potential for games to be more and his own attempts to make more adult games. He's noted that in the future games could have a "much bigger role" culturally, but current game development does not address this potential, instead aiming for low-risk, high-profit titles. As a former physics major, Blow has expressed that games could examine the universe in similar ways that a physicist could.
Despite Braids success on the platform, Blow has criticized Microsoft's Xbox Live Arcade certification process as a major deterrence to developers.
Blow is a member of Giving What We Can, a community who have pledged to give at least 10% of their income to effective charities.
References
Citations
Sources
External links
1971 births
American computer programmers
American video game designers
American video game programmers
Independent video game developers
Living people
People from San Francisco
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Video game writers |
4018874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Colorado%20Rockies%20managers | List of Colorado Rockies managers | The Colorado Rockies are members of Major League Baseball (MLB) and based in Denver, Colorado. The Rockies have had seven managers since their founding in 1993. The Rockies' first manager was Don Baylor, who led the team for six seasons and qualified for the playoffs once. Former manager Clint Hurdle is the all-time leading manager in wins, losses, and games managed; Hurdle led the Rockies to the playoffs in 2007, the only time the Rockies have won the National League pennant. The team was defeated in the World Series.
Table key
Managers
Statistics current through 2021 season
References
Colorado Rockies
Colorado Rockies managers
Managers |
4018879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral%20thyrohyoid%20ligament | Lateral thyrohyoid ligament | The lateral thyrohyoid ligament (lateral hyothyroid ligament) is a round elastic cord, which forms the posterior border of the thyrohyoid membrane and passes between the tip of the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage and the extremity of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve typical lies lateral to this ligament.
Triticeal cartilage
A small cartilaginous nodule (cartilago triticea), sometimes bony, is frequently found in the lateral thyrohyoid ligament.
References
External links
- "Larynx, anterior view"
- "Larynx, lateral view"
Human head and neck
Ligaments |
4018895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.%20P.%20Wadia | B. P. Wadia | Bahman Pestonji Wadia or Bomanji Pestonji Wadia (BP Wadia, B.P. Wadia or BPW) (* 8 October 1881 in Mumbai, India; † 20 August 1958 in Bangalore, India) was an Indian theosophist and labour activist. He was first a member of the TS Adyar, later of
the United Lodge of Theosophists. On 13 April 1918, along with V. Kalyanasundaram Mudaliar, Wadia founded the Madras Labour Union, one of India's first organised labour unions.
In 1903 he joined the TS in Mumbai and moved to Adyar in 1908. He worked for the journal The Theosophist. He became president of the Madras Textile Workers' Union and engaged himself for worker's rights.
In 1919 he visited the ULT in Los Angeles and was very impressed. When he returned to Adyar in 1919, he tried to work for a change of direction in the TS Adyar, based on the ideals of the ULT, but didn't succeed. He became disappointed and left the TS Adyar to work for the ULT in Los Angeles.
In 1923 he founded several lodges on the east coast of the States. In 1925 he founded a lodge in the UK. In 1928 a lodge was founded in France, in 1929 in Mumbai, and in 1930 he began publishing the journal The Aryan Path.
In 1928 he married Sophia Camacho (1901-1986). In 1945 he founded The Indian Institute of World Culture (IIWC) in Bangalore. Other lodges of the ULT were founded in the States, Europe and India.
A street in Bangalore, B.P. Wadia Road, is named after him.
Notes
Works
Growth through service. The Theosophical association of New York, New York 1922
Problems of national and international politics. Theosophical association of New York, New York 1922
Studies in "The secret doctrine“. Theosophy Co. (India), Bombay 1963
The building of the home. Indian Institute of World Culture, Bangalore 1959
The inner ruler. Theosophical association of New York, New York 1922
Theosophy and new thought. The Cosmopolitan press, Bombay 1907
Thus have I heard, leading articles from "The Aryan path“. Indian Institute of World Culture, Bangalore 1959
External links
Biography and texts
Biography in seven parts
United Lodge of Theosophists India
Biography on 50th death anniversary
Wadia, Bahman Pestonji
Wadia, Bahman Pestonji
Trade unionists from Maharashtra
1881 births
1958 deaths
Politicians from Mumbai
20th-century Indian politicians
Wadia family |
4018896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Bradley%20%28inventor%29 | Benjamin Bradley (inventor) | Benjamin Bradley (March 1830 – 1904) was an American engineer and inventor.
Benjamin's correct surname was Boardley, but since 1859 when the African Repository published an article wrongly spelling Benjamin's surname as Bradley, authors have written about him with the incorrect surname.
Early life
Benjamin Bradley was born a slave in Anne Arundel County, Maryland in March 1830. It has been theorized that he acquired literacy while learning from his master's children. According to the Maryland State Manumission records, Bradley's owner was John T. Hammond.
As a teenager, Bradley worked at a printing office. He showed ingenuity and mechanical skills by the age of 16, when he built a steam engine out of a gun barrel, pewter, round steel, and other various materials. His master was impressed and was able to get him a job as a helper in the Department of Natural and Experimental Philosophy at the Naval Academy at Annapolis.
Career
At the U.S. Naval Academy, Bradley worked as a helper. According to the African Repository of 1859, he was paid in full for his work, but the money he had made went to his master, who allowed Bradley to keep five dollars a month for himself. As a helper at the academy, Bradley helped set up science experiments that involved chemical gases.
It is mentioned that his professors at the Naval Academy were very impressed with him. Professor Hopkins of the Naval Academy wrote about Bradley's work as a helper at the Academy, writing that he would set up experiments, that he was a quick learner and that "he looks for the law by which things act." Professor Hopkins's children taught Bradley how to read and write as well as do math (such as arithmetic, algebra and geometry).
During his time at the Naval Academy, Bradley built a steam engine and sold it to the a "Midshipmen". With the money he had made from selling the steam engine and the money that he had saved while working at the Naval Academy, he developed and built a steam engine large enough to run the first "cutter of a sloop-of-war" that could exceed up to 16 knots an hour. He sold this model engine to another classmate at the Naval Academy and used the proceeds to develop and build the "first steam-powered warship."
Because he was a slave, Bradley was not allowed to get a patent for the engine he developed. He was, however, able to sell the engine. He used the proceeds, plus the money given to him by professors at the Naval Academy, to buy his freedom for $1,000. According to the Maryland State Manumission records, Bradley was manumitted from his owner, John T. Hammond, on September 30, 1859 in the County of Anne Arundel, Maryland.
During the Civil War, the U.S. Naval Academy was relocated to Newport, Rhode Island. According to the African Repository Aug. 1865, Bradley was employed as a freeman at the U.S. Naval Academy in Rhode Island and worked under Prof. A.W. Smith. There Bradley continued his work on constructing small steam engines and continued to show his ingenious mechanical skills. He worked as an instructor in the Philosophical Department at the Naval Academy in 1864. He was credited at designing and constructing a "miniature steam-engine and boiler about 6-fly power."
Later life
According to the 1900 U.S. Census, Bradley was 64 years old and living in Mashpee, Massachusetts. His occupation was described as a "philosophical lecturer". The Census also indicated that he was married to Gertrude Boardley for 19 years, and they had three children together.
Death
Bradley died in 1904 and is buried at the Mashpee Town Cemetery in Massachusetts.
References
External links
Benjamin Bradley, Black Inventor's On-Line Museum
19th-century American slaves
African-American engineers
19th-century American engineers
People from Maryland
1836 births
African-American inventors
19th-century American inventors
Place of death missing
Date of birth unknown
Date of death unknown
Year of death unknown
Burials in Massachusetts |
4018904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrohyoid%20membrane | Thyrohyoid membrane | The thyrohyoid membrane (or hyothyroid membrane) is a broad, fibro-elastic sheet of the larynx. It connects the upper border of the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone.
Structure
The thyrohyoid membrane is attached below to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage and to the front of its superior cornu, and above to the upper margin of the posterior surface of the body and greater cornu of the hyoid bone. It passes behind the posterior surface of the body of the hyoid. It is separated from the hyoid bone by a mucous bursa, which allows for the upward movement of the larynx during swallowing.
Its middle thicker part is termed the median thyrohyoid ligament. Its lateral thinner portions are pierced by the superior laryngeal vessels and the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Its anterior surface is in relation with the thyrohyoid muscle, sternohyoid muscle, and omohyoid muscles, and with the body of the hyoid bone. It is pierced by the superior laryngeal nerve. It is also pierced the superior thyroid artery, where there is a thickening of the membrane.
Clinical significance
Superior laryngeal artery
The thyrohyoid membrane needs to be manipulated to access the superior thyroid artery.
History
The thyrohyoid membrane refers to the two structures it connects: the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone. It may also be known as the hyothyroid membrane, where the two structures are reversed.
Additional images
References
External links
()
- "Larynx, anterior view"
- "Larynx, lateral view"
Human head and neck |
4018910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Jin-woo%20%28footballer%29 | Kim Jin-woo (footballer) | Kim Jin-woo (born October 9, 1975) is a football player from South Korea who plays as a midfielder.
He represented South Korea at youth and senior levels. However, his contribution to the senior team was brief and consisted of only two matches against New Zealand in 2000.
Kim's entire professional career has been spent with Suwon Samsung Bluewings,
one of the dominant forces in South Korean football. His debut came during the 1996 season, and by the end of 2005 he had played 279 times for the Suwon Bluewings franchise, scoring two goals and providing 17 assists. In that time he has also committed 727 fouls and has earned himself 77 yellow cards, but never a red one.
Club career statistics
External links
K-League Player Record
FIFA Player Statistics
1975 births
Living people
Association football midfielders
South Korean footballers
South Korea international footballers
Suwon Samsung Bluewings players
K League 1 players |
4018915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcgraviaceae | Marcgraviaceae | The Marcgraviaceae are a neotropical angiosperm family in the order Ericales. The members of the family are shrubs, woody epiphytes, and lianas, with alternate, pinnately nerved leaves. The flowers are arranged in racemes. The flowers are accompanied by modified, fleshy, saccate bracts which produce nectar. The flowers are pentamerous. The fruits are capsules.
Genera
Marcgravia - (ca. 65 spp.): S Mexico, Mesoamerica, South America, Antilles
Marcgraviastrum - (15 spp.): S Nicaragua to Peru, Bolivia plus 2 spp. in E Brazil
Norantea - (2 spp.): Caribbean and Amazonian basin of NE South America
Ruyschia - (9 spp.): Mesoamerica, N Andes, Lesser Antilles
Sarcopera - (ca. 10 spp.): Honduras to N Bolivia, Guyayana Highlands
Schwartzia - (ca. 15 spp.): Costa Rica through the Andes south to Bolivia, in the Caribbean basin and 1 sp. in E Brazil
Souroubea - (19 spp.): Mexico to Bolivia (absent from the Antilles)
There are 2 known subfamilies; Marcgravioideae (containing Marcgravia and Marcgraviastrum) and Noranteoideae (containing the rest of the genera).
Former genus include Pseudosarcopera (now listed as a synonym of Sarcopera).
References
Other sources
Bedell, H.G. 1989. Marcgraviaceae. In: Howard, R.A. (ed.). Flora of the Lesser Antilles 5: 300-310.
Dressler, S. 2000. Marcgraviaceae. In: Flora de República de Cuba, Ser. A, Fasc. 5: 1-14.
Dressler, S. 2001. Marcgraviaceae. In: Steyermark, J.A., P.E. Berry, K. Yatskievych & B.K. Holst (eds.), Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana vol 6, pp. 248-260. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Dressler, S. 2004. Marcgraviaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (ed.). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. vol. 6, pp. 258-265. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
External links
Marcgraviaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. http://delta-intkey.com
Ericales families |
4018919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaximin | Rifaximin | Rifaximin, is a non-absorbable, a broad spectrum antibiotics mainly used to treat travelers' diarrhea. It is based on the rifamycin antibiotics family. Since its approval in Italy in 1987, it has been licensed in over more than 30 countries for the treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal diseases like irritable bowel syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy. It acts by inhibiting RNA synthesis in susceptible bacteria by binding to the RNA polymerase enzyme. This binding blocks translocation, which stops transcription. It is marketed under the brand name Xifaxan by Salix Pharmaceuticals.
Medical uses
Travelers’ Diarrhea (TD)
Rifaximin is used to treat traveler's diarrhea caused by certain bacteria (E. coli) in adults and children at least 12 years of age. It treats traveler's diarrhea by stopping the growth of the bacteria that cause diarrhea. Rifaximin will not work to treat traveler's diarrhea that is bloody or occurs with fever.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Rifaximin is used for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. It possesses anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, and is a nonabsorbable antibiotic that acts locally in the gut. These properties make it efficacious in relieving chronic functional symptoms of non-constipation type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It appears to retain its therapeutic properties for this indication, even after repeated courses. It is particularly indicated where small intestine bacterial overgrowth is suspected of involvement in a person's IBS. Symptom relief or improvement can be obtained for global IBS symptoms, including: abdominal pain, flatulence, bloating, and stool consistency. A drawback is that repeated courses may be necessary for relapse of symptoms.
Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI)
Rifaximin may also be a useful addition to vancomycin when treating patients with relapsing C. difficile infection. However, the quality of evidence of these studies was judged to be low. Because exposure to rifamycins in the past may increase risk for resistance, rifaximin should be avoided in such cases.
Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE)
Rifaximin is used to prevent episodes of hepatic encephalopathy (changes in thinking, behavior, and personality caused by a build-up of toxins in the brain in people who have liver disease) in adults who have liver disease. It treats hepatic encephalopathy by stopping the growth of bacteria that produce toxins and that may worsen the liver disease. Although high-quality evidence is still lacking, it appears to be as effective as, or more effective than, other available treatments for hepatic encephalopathy (such as lactulose), is better tolerated, and may work faster. It prevents reoccurring encephalopathy and is associated with high patient satisfaction. People are more compliant and satisfied to take this medication than any other due to minimal side effects, prolonged remission, and overall cost. The drawbacks are increased cost, and lack of robust clinical trials for HE without combination lactulose therapy.
Other uses
Other uses include treatment of: infectious diarrhea, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, inflammatory bowel disease, and diverticular disease. It is effective in treating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth regardless of whether it is associated with irritable bowel syndrome or not. It has also shown efficacy with rosacea, ocular rosacea which also presents as dry eyes for patients with co-occurrence with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).
Special caution
Patients should avoid Rifaximin usage if they are allergic to Rifabutin, Rifampin and Rifapentine. It may cause attenuated vaccines (such as typhoid vaccine) to not work well. Health care professionals should be informed about its usage before having any immunizations. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should should avoid taking it as it is a pregnancy category C drug and can harm the foetus. Cautious use is required in individuals with cirrhosis of the liver who have a Child-Pugh score of class C severity.
Side effects
Rifaximin has an excellent safety profile due to its lack of systemic absorption. Clinical trials did not show any serious adverse events while using the drug. There were no deaths while using it in the clinical trials. Hence it has a very few and minimal side effects.
The most common side effects includes nausea, stomach pain, dizziness, fatigue, headaches, muscle tightening and joint pain. It may also cause reddish discoloration of urine. This is normal and harmless.
The most serious side effects of Rifaximin are:
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD)
Drug-resistant bacterial superinfection
Severe allergic reactions including hives, rashes and itching
Interactions
As Rifaximin is not significantly absorbed from the gut, the great majority of these drug interactions are negligible in people with healthy liver function, so healthcare providers usually do not worry about drug interactions unless liver impairment is present. It may decrease the effectiveness of warfarin, a commonly prescribed anticoagulant, in people with liver problems.
Pharmacology
Rifaximin is a semisynthetic broad spectrum antibacterial drug, derived through chemical modification of the natural antibiotic rifamycin. It has very low bioavailability due to its poor absorption after oral administration. Because of this local action within the gut and the lack of horizontal transfer of resistant genes, the development of bacterial resistance is rare, and most of the drug taken orally stays in the gastrointestinal tract where the infection takes place.
Mechanism of action
Rifaximin interferes with transcription by binding to the β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase. This results in the blockage of the translocation step that normally follows the formation of the first phosphodiester bond, which occurs in the transcription process. This in turn results in a reduction of bacteria populations, including gas-producing bacteria, which may reduce mucosal inflammation, epithelial dysfunction, and visceral hypersensitivity. Rifaximin has broad spectrum antibacterial properties against both gram positive and gram negative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. As a result of bile acid solubility, its antibacterial action is limited mostly to the small intestine and less so the colon. A resetting of the bacterial composition has also been suggested as a possible mechanism of action for relief of IBS symptoms. Additionally, rifaximin may have a direct anti-inflammatory effect on gut mucosa via modulation of the pregnane X receptor. Other mechanisms for its therapeutic properties include inhibition of bacterial translocation across the epithelial lining of the intestine, inhibition of adherence of bacteria to the epithelial cells, and a reduction in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
Availability
In the United States, Salix Pharmaceuticals holds a US Patent for rifaximin and markets the drug under the name Xifaxan. In addition to receiving FDA approval for travelers' diarrhea and (marketing approved for) hepatic encephalopathy, rifaximin received FDA approval for IBS in May 2015. No generic formulation is available in the US and none has appeared due to the fact that the FDA approval process was ongoing. If rifaximin receives full FDA approval for hepatic encephalopathy it is likely that Salix will maintain marketing exclusivity and be protected from generic formulations until March 24, 2017. In 2018, a patent dispute with Teva was settled which delayed a generic in the United States, with the patent set to expire in 2029.
Rifaximin is approved in 33 countries for GI disorders. On August 13, 2013, Health Canada issued a Notice of Compliance to Salix Pharmaceuticals Inc. for the drug product Zaxine. In India it is available under the brand names Ciboz and Xifapill. In Russia and Ukraine the drug is sold under the name Alfa Normix (Альфа Нормикс), produced by Alfa Wassermann S.p.A. (Italy). In 2018, the FDA approved a similar drug by Cosmos Pharmaceuticals called Aemcolo for traveler's diarrhea.
References
External links
Orphan drugs
Rifamycin antibiotics
Acetate esters
Ethers
Lactams
Pregnane X receptor agonists |
4018935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangaridai | Gangaridai | Gangaridai (; Latin: Gangaridae) is a term used by the ancient Greco-Roman writers (1st century BCE-2nd century AD) to describe a people or a geographical region of the ancient Indian subcontinent. Some of these writers state that Alexander the Great withdrew from the Indian subcontinent because of the strong war elephant force of the Gangaridai.
A number of modern scholars locate Gangaridai in the Ganges Delta of the Bengal region, although alternative theories also exist. Gange or Ganges, the capital of the Gangaridai (according to Ptolemy), has been identified with several sites in the region, including Chandraketugarh and Wari-Bateshwar.
Names
The Greek writers use the names "Gandaridae" (Diodorus), "Gandaritae", and "Gandridae" (Plutarch) to describe these people. The ancient Latin writers use the name "Gangaridae", a term that seems to have been coined by the 1st century poet Virgil. It has been suggested that Gangarid is a Greek formation of the Indian word Gangahrd, meaning 'the land with the Ganges at its heart'. The meaning fits well with the description of the region given by the author of Periplus.
Some modern etymologies of the word Gangaridai split it as "Gaṅgā-rāṣṭra", "Gaṅgā-rāḍha" or "Gaṅgā-hṛdaya". However, D. C. Sircar believes that the word is simply the plural form of "Gangarid" (derived from the base "Ganga"), and means "Ganga (Ganges) people".
Greek accounts
Several ancient Greek writers mention Gangaridai, but their accounts are largely based on hearsay.
Diodorus
The earliest surviving description of Gangaridai appears in Bibliotheca historica of writer Diodorus Siculus (69 BCE-16AD). This account is based on a now-lost work, probably the writings of either Megasthenes or Hieronymus of Cardia.
In Book 2 of Bibliotheca historica, Diodorus states that "Gandaridae" (i.e. Gangaridai) territory was located to the east of the Ganges river, which was 30 stades wide. He mentions that no foreign enemy had ever conquered Gandaridae, because it of its strong elephant force. He further states that Alexander the Great advanced up to Ganges after subjugating other Indians, but decided to retreat when he heard that the Gandaridae had 4,000 elephants.
In Book 17 of Bibliotheca historica, Diodorus once again describes the "Gandaridae", and states that Alexander had to retreat after his soldiers refused to take an expedition against the Gandaridae. The book (17.91.1) also mentions that a nephew of Porus fled to the land of the Gandaridae, although C. Bradford Welles translates the name of this land as "Gandara".
In Book 18 of Bibliotheca historica, Diodorus describes India as a large kingdom comprising several nations, the largest of which was "Tyndaridae" (which seems to be a scribal error for "Gandaridae"). He further states that a river separated this nation from their neighbouring territory; this 30-stadia wide river was the greatest river in this region of India (Diodorus does not mention the name of the river in this book). He goes on to mention that Alexander did not campaign against this nation, because they had a large number of elephants. The Book 18 description is as follows:
Diodorus' account of India in the Book 2 is based on Indica, a book written by the 4th century BCE writer Megasthenes, who actually visited India. Megasthenes' Indica is now lost, although it has been reconstructed from the writings of Diodorus and other later writers. J. W. McCrindle (1877) attributed Diodorus' Book 2 passage about the Gangaridai to Megasthenes in his reconstruction of Indica. However, according to A. B. Bosworth (1996), Diodorus' source for the information about the Gangaridai was Hieronymus of Cardia (354–250 BCE), who was a contemporary of Alexander and the main source of information for Diodorus' Book 18. Bosworth points out that Diodorus describes Ganges as 30 stadia wide; but it is well-attested by other sources that Megasthenes described the median (or minimum) width of Ganges as 100 stadia. This suggests that Diodorus obtained the information about the Gandaridae from another source, and appended it to Megasthenes' description of India in Book 2.
Plutarch
Plutarch (46-120 CE) mentions the Gangaridai as "'Gandaritae" (in Parallel Lives - Life of Alexander 62.3) and as "Gandridae" (in Moralia 327b.).
Other writers
Ptolemy (2nd century CE), in his Geography, states that the Gangaridae occupied "all the region about the mouths of the Ganges". He names a city called Gange as their capital. This suggests that Gange was the name of a city, derived from the name of the river. Based on the city's name, the Greek writers used the word "Gangaridai" to describe the local people.
The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea does not mention the Gangaridai, but attests the existence of a city that the Greco-Romans described as "Ganges":
Dionysius Periegetes (2nd-3rd century CE) mentions "Gargaridae" located near the "gold-bearing Hypanis" (Beas) river. "Gargaridae" is sometimes believed to be a variant of "Gangaridae", but another theory identifies it with Gandhari people. A. B. Bosworth dismisses Dionysius' account as "a farrago of nonsense", noting that he inaccurately describes the Hypanis river as flowing down into the Gangetic plain.
Gangaridai also finds a mention in Greek mythology. In Apollonius of Rhodes' Argonautica (3rd century BCE), Datis, a chieftain, leader of the Gangaridae who was in the army of Perses III, fought against Aeetes during the Colchian civil war. Colchis was situated in modern-day Georgia, on the east of the Black Sea. Aeetes was the famous king of Colchia against whom Jason and the Argonauts undertook their expedition in search of the "Golden Fleece". Perses III was the brother of Aeetes and king of the Taurian tribe.
Latin accounts
The Roman poet Virgil speaks of the valour of the Gangaridae in his Georgics (c. 29 BCE).
Quintus Curtius Rufus (possibly 1st century CE) noted the two nations Gangaridae and Prasii:
Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE) states:
Identification
The ancient Greek writers provide vague information about the centre of the Gangaridai power. As a result, the later historians have put forward various theories about its location.
Gangetic plains
Pliny (1st century CE) in his NH, terms the Gangaridai as the novisima gens (nearest people) of the Ganges river. It cannot be determined from his writings whether he means "nearest to the mouth" or "nearest to the headwaters". But the later writer Ptolemy (2nd century CE), in his Geography, explicitly locates the Gangaridai near the mouths of the Ganges.
A. B. Bosworth notes that the ancient Latin writers almost always use the word "Gangaridae" to define the people, and associate them with the Prasii people. According to Megasthenes, who actually lived in India, the Prasii people lived near the Ganges. Besides, Pliny explicitly mentions that the Gangaridae lived beside the Ganges, naming their capital as Pertalis. All these evidences suggest that the Gangaridae lived in the Gangetic plains.
Rarh region
Diodorus (1st century BCE) states that the Ganges river formed the eastern boundary of the Gangaridai. Based on Diodorus's writings and the identification of Ganges with Bhāgirathi-Hooghly (a western distributary of Ganges), Gangaridai can be identified with the Rarh region in West Bengal.
Larger part of Bengal
The Rarh is located to the west of the Bhāgirathi-Hooghly (Ganges) river. However, Plutarch (1st century CE), Curtius (possibly 1st century CE) and Solinus (3rd century CE), suggest that Gangaridai was located on the eastern banks of the Gangaridai river. Historian R. C. Majumdar theorized that the earlier historians like Diodorus used the word Ganga for the Padma River (an eastern distributary of Ganges).
Pliny names five mouths of the Ganges river, and states that the Gangaridai occupied the entire region about these mouths. He names five mouths of Ganges as Kambyson, Mega, Kamberikon, Pseudostomon and Antebole. These exact present-day locations of these mouths cannot be determined with certainty because of the changing river courses. According to D. C. Sircar, the region encompassing these mouths appears to be the region lying between the Bhāgirathi-Hooghly River in the west and the Padma River in the east. This suggests that the Gangaridai territory included the coastal region of present-day West Bengal and Bangladesh, up to the Padma river in the east. Gaurishankar De and Subhradip De believe that the five mouths may refer to the Bidyadhari, Jamuna and other branches of Bhāgirathi-Hooghly at the entrance of Bay of Bengal.
According to the archaeologist Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti, the centre of the Gangaridai power was located in vicinity of Adi Ganga (a now dried-up flow of the Hooghly river). Chakrabarti considers Chandraketugarh as the strongest candidate for the centre, followed by Mandirtala. James Wise believed that Kotalipara in present-day Bangladesh was the capital of Gangaridai. Archaeologist Habibullah Pathan identified the Wari-Bateshwar ruins as the Gangaridai territory.
North-western India
William Woodthorpe Tarn (1948) identifies the "Gandaridae" mentioned by Diodorus with the people of Gandhara. Historian T. R. Robinson (1993) locates the Gangaridai to the immediately east of the Beas River, in the Punjab region. According to him, the unnamed river described in Diodorus' Book 18 is Beas (Hyphasis); Diodorus misinterpreted his source, and incompetently combined it with other material from Megasthenes, erroneously naming the river as Ganges in Book 2. Robinson identified the Gandaridae with the ancient Yaudheyas.
A. B. Bosworth (1996) rejects this theory, pointing out that Diodorus describes the unnamed river in Book 18 as the greatest river in the region. But Beas is not the largest river in its region. Even if one excludes the territory captured by Alexander in "the region" (thus excluding the Indus River), the largest river in the region is Chenab (Acesines). Robison argues that Diodorus describes the unnamed river as "the greatest river in its own immediate area", but Bosworth believes that this interpretation is not supported by Diodorus's wording. Bosworth also notes that Yaudheyas were an autonomous confederation, and do not match the ancient descriptions that describe Gandaridae as part of a strong kingdom.
Other
According to Nitish K. Sengupta, it is possible that the term "Gangaridai" refers to the whole of northern India from the Beas River to the western part of Bengal.
Pliny mentions the Gangaridae and the Calingae (Kalinga) together. One interpretation based on this reading suggests that Gangaridae and the Calingae were part of the Kalinga tribe, which spread into the Ganges delta. N. K. Sahu of Utkal University identifies Gangaridae as the northern part of Kalinga.
Political status
Diodorus mentions Gangaridai and Prasii as one nation, naming Xandramas as the king of this nation. Diodorus calls them "two nations under one king." Historian A. B. Bosworth believes that this is a reference to the Nanda dynasty, and the Nanda territory matches the ancient descriptions of kingdom in which the Gangaridae were located.
According to Nitish K. Sengupta, it is possible that Gangaridai and Prasii are actually two different names of the same people, or closely allied people. However, this cannot be said with certainty.
Historian Hemchandra Ray Chowdhury writes: "It may reasonably be inferred from the statements of the Greek and Latin writers that about the time of Alexander's invasion, the Gangaridai were a very powerful nation, and either formed a dual monarchy with the Pasioi [Prasii], or were closely associated with them on equal terms in a common cause against the foreign invader.
References
Citations
Sources
History of Bengal
Historical Indian regions |
4018936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%201990%20Mineriad | June 1990 Mineriad | The June 1990 Mineriad was the suppression of anti-National Salvation Front (FSN) rioting in Bucharest, Romania by the physical intervention of groups of industrial workers as well as coal miners from the Jiu Valley, brought to Bucharest by the government to counter the rising violence of the protesters. This event occurred several weeks after the FSN achieved a landslide victory in the May 1990 general election, the first elections after the fall of the communist regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu. Many of the miners, factory workers, and other anti-protester groups, fought with the protesters and bystanders. The violence resulted in some deaths and many injuries on both sides of the confrontations. Official figures listed seven fatalities and hundreds of injured, although media estimates of the number killed and injured varied widely and were often much higher.
Background
The initial enthusiasm after the Romanian Revolution of 1989 was tempered in January 1990, after the National Salvation Front (Frontul Salvării Naționale, FSN), an organization that emerged as the leader during the anti-Ceaușescu revolution, decided to run as a party in the elections it was set to organize. Further discontent was brought by the fact that many of the FSN leaders, including its president, Ion Iliescu, were former members of the Romanian Communist Party. When the 1989 Revolution occurred, the Communist Party had a membership of 4 million out of a population of 22 million.
The newly founded parties that opposed the FSN organised, beginning with April, large electoral meetings in University Square. Students and professors at the University of Bucharest also joined in the protests. One of their most vocal demands was the voting into law of the eighth demand of the Proclamation of Timișoara, which stated that communists should be prevented from holding official functions.
Iliescu dubbed the protesters as golani (rascals) or huligani (hooligans), and implied fascists groups participated in the protest in an attempt to seize power. The protesters eventually adopted the name golani and the movement came to be known as the Golaniad.
After Iliescu and the FSN won a landslide victory in the elections of May 20, 1990, the opposition parties decided to disband the meeting. Only a small part of the protesters remained in the square, where they set up tents. After several weeks, the government decided to forcefully evacuate the remaining protesters, but the police attempts were met with violence, and several state institutions, including the police headquarters, the national television station, and the Foreign Ministry, were attacked. President Iliescu issued a call to Romania's population to come to Bucharest in order to save the "besieged democratic regime" and restore order and democracy in Bucharest. The most important group to answer the call were the powerful miner's organizations from the Jiu Valley. Some 10,000 miners were transported to Bucharest in special trains.
Prelude
On 22 April, the Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party (Partidul Național Țărănesc Creștin și Democrat, PNȚCD, now the Christian-Democratic People's Party) and other parties organised a demonstration in Aviators' Square. After the peaceful demonstration, groups of people marched towards the Romanian Television (TVR) station, calling for its political independence. They continued their protest in University Square and decided to sit in overnight. Two days later, they were still there, their numbers growing. They stated that they would not leave the Square, dubbing their protest "the big anti-communism protest".
Their main demands were the adoption of point 8 of the Proclamation of Timișoara (no former members of the disbanded Romanian Communist Party in the new government), the political independence of TVR, and inquiries about the truth of the Revolution. The Geology Faculty's balcony became the stage for almost a month of protest. The opposition decided to abandon protests after FSN's victory in the May elections.
On 11 June, negotiations between the government and the remaining demonstrators failed. About 100 people, dissatisfied with the result of the dialogue between the government and the hunger strikers, started rioting in Victory Square (Piața Victoriei) and closed in on Victoria Palace (Palatul Victoriei, the government's headquarters).
Police, military police and army forces appeared, together with some armoured personnel carriers. The police pushed the demonstrators back to Calea Victoriei and retreated towards the Palace.
13 June
04:00: The police forces attacked the hunger strikers. Tents were ripped up and destroyed, and personal objects were confiscated. Strikers were arrested, but some escaped and took refuge in the hall of the InterContinental Hotel.
05:00: Police attacked the Architecture Institute (Institutul de Arhitectură), surrounded the Square and built barricades out of vehicles. The representatives of the Police Press Bureau declared that they didn't know what was happening in the city centre.
9:30: Demonstrators appeared around the barricade built between Colțea Hospital and "Luceafărul" Cinema and started chanting anti-government protests. Many arrests took place.
11:00: The number of arrests was made public by radio: about 240. At the Architecture Faculty (Facultatea de Arhitectură) there was a press conference of students and hunger strikers who were attacked but had managed to evade arrest.
12:00: The Architecture Institute was assaulted by a group of workers from the Bucharest's industrial platforms, shouting: "I.M.G.B. makes the law!". Another group, mostly of women, shouted: "I.C.T.B. makes the law!", brandishing makeshift weapons. The students barricaded themselves, but the building was assaulted. The police showed up. Other groups shouted anti-governmental slogans and split apart the two groups of workers.
14:00: From the Academiei and Colței streets protesters launch Molotov cocktails. In the area in the vicinity of the University, Architecture Institute and the Negoiu Hotel, the crowd shouted and booed. The police appeared, but withdrew because people were throwing bottles and rocks from the rooftops.
17:30: The demonstrators smashed the police barrage and reach the balcony. More policemen appeared, but were forced to withdraw under the heavy "artillery barrage" of rocks and bottles. An explosion set fire to the police bus that blocked the entry to the square. The police left and the square was occupied. At the truck barricade on Onești street a bus was set on fire. At the balcony of the Geology College (Facultatea de Geologie), Marian Munteanu, head of the Student League from the University of Bucharest, announced that the students were on strike and would barricade themselves in the building until their arrested colleagues were released. Shortly thereafter, the main HQs of the Bucharest Police, Interior Minister and SRI were attacked. Protesters threw Molotov cocktails, started fires, conducted various acts of violence, destroyed documents and objects, and took people hostage. There were rumours that trains full of miners were heading for Bucharest.
Ion Iliescu addressed the public, urging them to oppose the violent acts and do everything they could to re-establish order.
18:00: Thousands of demonstrators gathered in the Television yard, although the zone was guarded by police and civilians. Protesters armed with clubs and other improvised weapons went to the entrance to Pangratti Street. Violence ensued and broadcasting was interrupted. In the Television building, the film archive was destroyed, along with IBM subtitle machines, montage rooms and mobile phones. Telephone wires were cut, documents were stolen or destroyed, windows were broken and people were violently attacked.
14 June
In the early morning, coal miners from the Jiu Valley reached Bucharest on trains, along with their leader Miron Cozma. They headed for Victory Square, where they were welcomed and bread was distributed to them from army vehicles.
A number of officials appeared at the Council of Ministers at Victory Square, and finally Iliescu showed up accompanied by representatives of the miners. In his speech he accused the demonstrators of the University Square of being alcoholics, drug addicts, fascists (making reference to the Iron Guard "Legionnaires" of the World War II era), and bandits. In the square were also groups carrying banners showing that they are from particular factories.
During this period, the Opposition newspapers and magazines România Liberă, Dreptatea, Express, 22, Baricada were attacked and damaged, and some of the newspaper workers were assaulted. The building where România Liberă was printed was damaged. România Liberă and several publications of opposition political groups were not published in the interval of 15–18 June, as the typography workers refused to print the anti-government articles. The student demonstrators and protesters were engaged in violent confrontation with workers and other pro-government groups. The University and Architecture Institute was devastated and many students badly beaten.
From 14–15 June arrests of the people involved in the demonstration of University Square continued.
Casualties
The number of victims is controversial. Officially, according to the evidence from the parliamentary commissions of inquiry, the number of wounded is 746, and the death toll is six: four dead by shooting, one dead of a heart attack and a person stabbed. Viorel Ene, president of the Association of Victims of the Mineriads, asserted that "there are documents, testimonies of doctors, of people from Domnești and Străulești cemeteries. Although we have said all along that the real number of dead is over 100, no one contradicted so far and there was no official position against." The opposition newspaper România Liberă alleged that over 128 unidentified bodies were buried in a common grave in Străulești II cemetery, near Bucharest.
A few weeks after the mineriad, several medical students conducted research in Străulești II cemetery, discovering two trenches with about 78 unmarked graves, which they claimed to contain victims of the events. There were also other people – journalists, photographers, students – who have carried out research and photographs at the Institute of Forensic Medicine and Străulești Cemetery. In August–September 1990, under the signature of Eugen Dichiseanu, România Liberă published, in a series of 10 episodes, a survey on the subject. The research, conducted by journalist Eugen Dichiseanu and members of the League of Students, including George Roncea, claimed to have found major irregularities, inaccuracies, negligencies, deficiencies of organization, but also attempts of default of evidence in the functioning of institutions involved in managing the situation of dead without identity: Police, Prosecution, Institute of Forensic Medicine (IFM), Bucharest City Hall.
Aftermath
According to the report of Gheorge Robu and Interior Minister Doru Viorel Ursu, from the events of 13–15 June 185 people were arrested; 34 put on trial; 2 freed unconditionally; 17 freed under parole after medical examinations; 81 freed under parole; 51 remained under arrest.
The demonstrations in University Square persisted until about 24–25 August 1990.
Press reaction
The pro-FSN press (such as Adevărul, Dimineaţa, Azi) praised the miners and other workers for being the "defenders of liberty and democracy" and criticized the negative coverage of the international press who, they claim, saw only one part of the issue.
The official government position on the foreign press opinion was expressed on 15 June 1990 by Prime Minister Petre Roman. He declared that the international press had a "strange" point of view and that the intervention against the opposition was not a "fascist program", but it was the other way around, the protesters being the fascists.
Differing perspective of the miners
See also The 1990s: the rise and decline of miners' unions
The Jiu Valley miners were vilified in the national and international press for their role in the confrontation and the subsequent violence and destruction. Subsequent interviews with miners participating in the confrontation provide a very different perspective of the events that transpired. Many claim that individuals reportedly representing the government came to the mines and union groups and told the miners that the new democracy was under attack by anarchists and provocateurs who wanted to bring down the elected government. It was their duty, the miners were told, to protect Romania and the new democracy. Few, if any, of the miners had any connection with or knowledge of the protesters and their demands, so they followed the direction of individuals they believed represented the government. In the view of many individuals in Jiu Valley, most of the violence was perpetuated by non-miners or agents provocateurs dressed like miners. The perspective that the Bucharest-controlled media refused to provide their version of events was and continues to be widely held throughout the Jiu Valley.
Inquiry into potential involvement of the Romanian Intelligence Service
Later inquiries would show that these claims by the miners were not unfounded. Rumors and public suspicion (and later Parliamentary inquiries) of the potential role of the Serviciul Român de Informaţii (Romanian Intelligence Service), the successor to the former Securitate), in the instigation and manipulation of the June 1990 Mineriad contributed to the widespread public mistrust of the post-Ceauşescu Romanian intelligence service.
Government inquiries would show that the miners had indeed been "joined by vigilantes who were later credibly identified as former officers of the Securitate", and that for two days, the miners had been aided and abetted by former Securitate members in their violent confrontation with the protesters and other targets.
<ref name="Baleanu">[http://www.fas.org/irp/world/romania/g43.html Baleanu, V. G. The Enemy Within: The Romanian Intelligence Service in Transition. January 1995. Conflict Studies Research Centre, The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst: Camberley, Surrey GU15 4PQ.]</ref> In February 1994 a Bucharest court "found two security officers, Colonel Ion. Nicolae and warrant officer Corneliu Dumitrescu, guilty of ransacking the house of Ion Rațiu, a leading figure in the National Peasant Christian Democratic Party, during the miners’ incursion, and stealing $100,000."
In addition to accusations of having agents infiltrate and incite the opposition rally on 18 February 1990 and later directly participate in the June 1990 anti-opposition violence involving the Jiu Valley miners, there was also evidence that during this period that the Service was involved in distributing fake Legionary leaflets that claimed a fascist take-over in Romania was about to occur, and evidence that intelligence officials selectively released documents from Securitate archives in order to compromise opposition leaders.
According to a research report put out by the Conflict Studies Research Centre at Britain's Royal Military Academy Sandhurst:
Despite repeated denials by its leaders, there are clear indications of the SRI's involvement. Recently, Voican Voiculescu even accused Măgureanu of having staged the violence in order to take over as prime minister. Other sources claim that the miners' arrival in Bucharest was orchestrated by Major Dumitru Iliescu (now a colonel), the chief of President Iliescu's Special Guard and Protocol Unit (renamed the Protection and Protocol Service in July 1991).
References
Academia Caţavencu, 13-15 Iunie: Trei zile cu ghinION'', no. 16/2005, 27 April 2005.
Hotnews, Razboiul civil din 13-15 iunie 1990 si gropile comune
External links
Description, timeline and documentation of the Mineriads
Historical digital video and photo archives of the Mineriads
Jiu Valley Portal Home of the official city websites and archives of the history of coal mining and the mineriads in Jiu Valley.
Mineriads
Protests in Romania
History of Romania (1989–present)
History of Bucharest
Jiu Valley
Riots and civil disorder in Romania
Romanian Revolution
June 1990 events in Romania |
4018949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel%20Sick | Travel Sick | Travel Sick is a British hybrid comedy-travel television series that originally aired on Bravo from 2001 to 2002. It placed UK writer Grub Smith in a different region of the world in each episode. In each destination, he was asked to complete five undesirable challenges posed by the show's producers. If he failed a challenge, he was forced to perform something unpleasant called a "forfeit". The more he failed, the worse the "forfeit" at the end of the show became.
The series has also aired on Comedy Central in the United States.
Series 1 (2001)
Series 2 (2002)
External links
2001 British television series debuts
2002 British television series endings
2000s British travel television series
British comedy television shows
Bravo (British TV channel) original programming
Comedy Central original programming
English-language television shows |
4018951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana%20Starkova | Diana Starkova | Diana Starkova is a French beauty queen of Monegasque origin, who won Miss Europe 2016. She is a student of Paris-Sorbonne University. of History of Art and Archeology department.
Biography
Diana was born on December 29, 1998 in La Colle, Monaco. Diana's career started from Elite Model Look contest.
Miss Europe 2016
Diana career started December 2015 when she was appointed to represent France at Miss Europe 2016 competition.
Diana won Miss Europe 2016 title representing France. She bested 34 European delegates and was crowned with tiara signed by Chopard which is set with 678 diamonds mounted on 130 grams of gold. The centerpiece is a rare dark heart-shaped 26.40 carat diamond in white gold. Crown estimated at 350,000 EUR and previously worn by Miss Europe winners since 2003. With the title Starkova received a contract of 2 500 000 EUR and professional representation by the Miss Europe Organization, tiara with 678 diamonds mounted on 130 grams of gold signed by Chopard and estimated 350 000 EUR, diamond jewelry set matching to the crown and watch by Chopard, 650 000 EUR cash prize, one-year supply of hair-care products and tools from Kerastase Haircare, a shoe wardrobe from Christian Louboutin, swimwear by La Perla, extensive travel representing sponsors, private jet transportation for one year, evening gown wardrobe by Lebanese designer Elie Saab, a year's worth of skincare products from La Prairie Skincare.
. During her reign Diana represented Dolce Gabbana, been a guest of Cannes Film Festival, Venice Film Festival and also been awarded Supermodel of the Year 2016 on December 3, 2016. On May 13, 2017 Starkova crowned new Miss Europe 2017 Diana Kubasova from Latvia.
Awards
Top-10 Most Beautiful Women in the World
Diana is leading the list of Top-10 Most Beautiful Women in the World by portal KizlarSoruyour.
References
Living people
Monegasque emigrants to France
1998 births
French female models
Models from Paris
French beauty pageant winners
Miss Europe winners
Miss Europe |
4018958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copying%20Beethoven | Copying Beethoven | Copying Beethoven is a 2006 American dramatic film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and directed by Agnieszka Holland which gives a fictionalized take on the triumphs and heartaches of Ludwig van Beethoven's last years.
Plot
It is 1824 as Beethoven (Ed Harris) is finishing his Ninth Symphony. He is plagued by deafness, loneliness, and personal trauma. A new copyist, Anna Holtz (Diane Kruger) is engaged to help the composer finish preparing the score of his symphony for the first performance. Anna is a young conservatory student and aspiring composer. Her understanding of his work is such that she corrects mistakes he has made (the mistakes were made deliberately), while her personality opens a door into his private world. Beethoven is initially skeptical, but he slowly comes to trust Anna's assistance and eventually grows to rely on her and view her with respect, and even with admiration.
Anna Holtz (as Beethoven always refers to her) is sent to be his copyist, but due to her gender, is constantly thought less of, and is mistaken for a serving girl, maid, and even a prostitute. Pushing past, though quite unhappily, from these assumptions, Anna proves herself to Beethoven, not only as a copyist, but also as his friend, and something of his protégé and heir as far as he is concerned. He gains much admiration of her, after she assists him by directing him, hidden among his musicians (although she can be seen from the top seats), as he simultaneously copies her movements to direct the orchestra during what would turn out to be his final concert on stage. Though Anna agreed to her romantic interest, Martin Bauer, that she would help him complete his symphony, and then immediately leave after showing him her work, she instead continues to assist him as his copyist. After seeing the admiration she has gained from Beethoven, Anna proceeds to show him a piece of music that she composed. Beethoven tactlessly and unknowingly insults her. Anna, more than ready not to return, continues to stay with her great aunt and the nuns at the convent. Anna is surprised when Beethoven, desperate to keep Anna in his employment and under his tutelage, bursts into the convent and begs Anna, on his knees, to come back and work as his equal on both of their music. He begins to teach her about Romanticism, music, and mostly, how to allow her artistic side freedom. Continuing his infuriating behavior, Beethoven smashes the model of Martin's bridge he built for an engineer's competition, thereby ruining Martin as well. Anna, angry, confronts Beethoven, asking him if he had ever considered that she loved Martin. Beethoven replies, "You don't love him." Upon hearing this, Anna angrily asks if she is supposed to love Beethoven instead. Beethoven again replies, "No. You want to be me." From here, Anna agrees that Beethoven did the right thing, and continues to work with him, pushing him past his hardships and failures, and then staying by his bedside until he died (on March 26, 1827). The movie ends though, with Anna finally embracing herself as an artist, unique from all other composers, including Beethoven, and readying herself for a promising future.
Though the film is directed very abstractly, leaving room for the audience to view Anna and Beethoven's relationship as that of a chaste romance, the characters remain very platonic, and could much more easily be viewed as a strong and close friendship, bordering on Beethoven even being viewed as a father figure of Anna's.
Cast
Ed Harris as Ludwig van Beethoven
Diane Kruger as Anna Holtz
Matthew Goode as Martin Bauer
Phyllida Law as Mother Canisius
Joe Anderson as Karl van Beethoven
Ralph Riach as Wenzel Schlemmer
Bill Stewart as Rudy
Artistic license
The working manuscript of the score of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is attributed to two copyists, both of whom were male, not a single female as depicted in the film. The character of Anna Holtz is likely based at least partially on Karl Holtz, a young violinist and copyist who befriended Beethoven during the final few years of the composer's life and is said to have influenced decisions on pieces such as the Große Fuge.
The violinist Joseph Böhm recalled that for the premiere of the ninth symphony, although "Beethoven himself conducted... the actual direction was in [another's] hands". Further, it is recorded that at the end of the performance one of the soloists (Caroline Unger) guided Beethoven to turn around and see the applause, so this phase of his life is rich with opportunities to embroider to create a storyline suitable for modern retelling.
Critical reception
The film received a score of 59/100 on Metacritic and 28% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with average score 4.76/10, based on 81 reviews. The reviewer at Time Out gave 2 out of 5 stars.
References
External links
Copying Beethoven at Metacritic
2006 films
Depictions of Ludwig van Beethoven on film
Musical films based on actual events
Biographical films about musicians
Films shot in Budapest
Films directed by Agnieszka Holland
Films set in the 1820s
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Sidney Kimmel Entertainment films |
4018962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gualchos | Gualchos | Gualchos (or Gualchos-Castell de Ferro) is a town in the Spanish province of Granada. It has an area of 31 square kilometers and a population, in 2001, of 2,759, for a population density of 89 people per square kilometer.
Natural environment
The environment of what the natives call Eagle Peak, has elements of remarkable value, which grow spontaneously and without any cropping the it, esparto, palm, several species of thyme and other medicinal plants such as zahareña (cattails), very good for healing wounds, according to popular belief, though the natives attributed other properties. You can also find numerous species of fauna: ibex, boar is, rabbits, hares, etc.
References
External links
Website of the City of Gualchos
Photos of the town of Gualchos
Municipalities in the Province of Granada |
4018969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston%20General%20Hospital | Launceston General Hospital | The Launceston General Hospital (LGH) is one of the three main public hospitals in Tasmania, Australia. It is located in Launceston and serves the north of the state. Services provided include Cardiology, Renal, Gastroenterology, Haematology-Oncology, Rehabilitation, General Surgery, Ear/Nose/Throat surgery, Plastic surgery, Orthopaedics, Radiology, Paediatrics and an Intensive Care Unit, Psychiatry:Inpatient Mental Health Unit and Consultation-Liaison.
It is a teaching hospital servicing the University of Tasmania.
The statewide Cardiothoracic and major Paediatric surgery service is provided at the Royal Hobart Hospital.
The hospital supports medical research through the Clifford Craig Medical Research Trust.
The Intensive care unit provides medical staff who work with Ambulance Tasmania and the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia to provide critical care aeromedical retrieval services throughout Tasmania.
External links
Launceston General Hospital website
Teaching hospitals in Australia
Hospitals in Tasmania
Launceston, Tasmania
Buildings and structures in Launceston, Tasmania
Hospitals established in 1863
1863 establishments in Australia |
4018978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Kazakhstan at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Kazakhstan competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
Their largest contingent was their ice hockey squad of 23, in which Kazakhstan qualified after winning a qualifying series also including Austria, France and Ukraine. The cross country skiing team was also sizeable, with of 19 Kazakh athletes entered.
Alpine skiing
Biathlon
Cross-country skiing
Distance
Men
Women
Sprint
Freestyle skiing
Ice hockey
Men's
Players
1 Andrei Savenkov replaced Evgeni Blokhin on the team roster after the first two games of the tournament.
Results
Round-robin
Standings
Ski jumping
Speed skating
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
2006 in Kazakhstani sport |
4018992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Tom%27s%20Brook | Battle of Tom's Brook | The Battle of Tom's Brook was fought on October 9, 1864, in Shenandoah County, Virginia, during Philip Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign of the American Civil War. It resulted in a significant Union victory, one that was mockingly dubbed The Woodstock Races for the speed of the Confederate withdrawal.
After his victory at Fisher's Hill, Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan pursued Jubal A. Early's Confederate army up the Shenandoah Valley to near Staunton. On October 6, Sheridan began withdrawing, as his cavalry burned everything that could be deemed of military significance, including barns and mills. Reinforced by Maj. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw's division, Early followed. Maj. Gen. Thomas L. Rosser arrived from Petersburg to take command of Maj. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee's Confederate cavalry division and harassed the retreating Federals. On October 9, Brig. Gen. Alfred Torbert's Union troopers turned on their pursuers, routing the divisions of Rosser, whose cavalrymen were repulsed by Custer in a flanking maneuver along the base of Spiker's Hill off of Back Road, and Lunsford L. Lomax, who was positioned in the vicinity of the Valley Pike, at Tom's Brook. With this victory, the Union cavalry attained overwhelming superiority in the Valley.
Jubal Early later commented sourly about Rosser's Laurel Brigade, "The laurel is a running vine".
Battlefield preservation
The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved of the Tom's Brook battlefield.
See also
Edward R. Hanford – Union private, capturer of the 32nd Battalion Virginia Cavalry battle flag
References
National Park Service Battle Summary
CWSAC Report Update
Further reading
Miller, William J. Decision at Tom's Brook: George Custer, Thomas Rosser, and the Joy of the Fight. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2016. .
Shenandoah County in the American Civil War
Valley campaigns of 1864
Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
Union victories of the American Civil War
Tom's Brook
Conflicts in 1864
1864 in Virginia
October 1864 events |
4018998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisomie%2021 | Trisomie 21 | Trisomie 21 is a French cold wave group, formed in Lille, France, in 1980 by brothers Philippe and Hervé Lomprez.
History
Throughout the 1980s and '90s, Trisomie 21 was signed to Play It Again Sam.
In September 2007, Trisomie 21 were signed to Belgian label Alfa Matrix where they joined acts such as Front 242, Leaether Strip, Anne Clark and Mentallo and the Fixer.
Discography
Studio albums
Passions Divisées (1984)
Chapter IV – Le Je-Ne-Sais-Quoi Et Le Presque Rien (1986)
Million Lights – A Collection of Songs by Trisomie 21 (1987)
T21 Plays the Pictures (1989)
Works (1989)
Raw Material. (1990)
Distant Voices (1992)
Gohohako (1997)
Happy Mystery Child (2004)
Black Label (2009)
ELEGANCE NEVER DIES (2017)
EPs
Le Repos Des Enfants Heureux (1983)
Wait & Dance (1985)
Final Work (1989)
Remix albums/EPs
Chapter IV Remix – Le Je-Ne-Sais-Quoi Et Le Presque Rien (1987)
The Man Is a Mix (2004)
The Woman Is a Mix (2006)
Happy Mystery Club – Lady B Remixes (2006)
3700426905961 (EP; 2008)
The Camp – Black Label Remix (2009)
Live albums
The Official Bootlet (Million Lights Tour) (1988)
Rendez-vous En France (2007)
Compilation albums
The First Songs (1988)
Side by Side (1991)
The Songs by T21 Vol. 1 (1994)
The Songs by T21 Vol. 2 (1995)
25 Years (2007)
Singles
"Joh Burg" (1986)
"Shift Away ° Jakarta ° Ravishing Delight" (1987)
"Works in Progress" (1989)
"La Fete Triste" (1995)
"Red or Green (Remixes)" (2005)
"Midnight of My Life (Remixes)" (2005)
"Red or Green / She Died for Love" (2005)
References
External links
Trisomie 21 biography at Trouser Press's official website
Musical groups from Hauts-de-France
Family musical groups
Cold wave groups
French dark wave musical groups
French post-punk music groups |
4019027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature%20and%20Organisation | Nature and Organisation | Nature and Organisation is the creative musical works of British musician Michael Cashmore. The music of Nature and Organisation is characterized by a mix of acoustic, classical and folk structures met with abrasive electronic instrumentation.
Overview
Cashmore has also been a member of the group Current 93 since the late 1980s. He has collaborated with many artists, including David Tibet, Douglas Pearce, Steven Stapleton, Antony Hegarty, Marc Almond and Rose McDowall. Cashmore wrote most of the music for Current 93 after the departure of Douglas Pearce in the 1990s.
During a long silence after 1998, it was unclear if Nature and Organisation still existed, as the official Nature and Organisation website was no longer online, and Cashmore released no official statements since the release of the 1998 album, Death in a Snow Leopard Winter. Since then World Serpent Distribution has dissolved and all Nature and Organisation material is out of print.
In 2006, after breaking his silence with a new official MySpace page, Michael Cashmore released a new album under his own name entitled Sleep England on Durtro Jnana Records. This was followed in 2007 with the mini-album "The Snow Abides" with vocals by Antony Hegarty, and a collaborative album in 2008, Gabriel and The Lunatic Lover with singer Marc Almond.
In 2015, the German label Trisol released the long-awaited CD reissue of the complete World Serpent recordings by Nature and Organisation including the two albums "Beauty Reaps the Blood of Solitude" and "Death in a Snow Leopard Winter" along with the "A Dozen Summers Against the World" EP and another compilation-only track. Entitled "Snow Leopard Messiah," the double-CD set features lyrics and entirely new artwork by Michael Cashmore.
Discography
Albums and EPs
Compilations
External links
Official Myspace Nature and Organisation site
Official Myspace Michael Cashmore site
Nature and Organisation discography at Discogs.com
British folk music groups
British industrial music groups
Neofolk music groups
Apocalyptic folk musicians |
4019029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Korea%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | North Korea at the 2006 Winter Olympics | North Korea competed as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
At the opening ceremony, the athletes of both North and South Korea entered the stadium together behind the Korean Unification Flag.
Figure skating
Last place after short program, the pairs team of Jong Hyong-hyok and Phyo Yong-myoung withdrew from free skate after Phyo was injured after crashing into the boards while training.
Key: CD = Compulsory Dance, FD = Free Dance, FS = Free Skate, OD = Original Dance, SP = Short Program
Short track speed skating
References
Korea, North
2006
Winter Olympics |
4019035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus%20Fleming | Marcus Fleming | John Marcus Fleming (1911 – 3 February 1976) was a British economist. He was the deputy director of the research department of the International Monetary Fund for many years; he was already a member of this department during the period of Canadian economist Robert Mundell's affiliation. At approximately the same time as Mundell, Fleming presented similar research on stabilization policy in open economies. As a result, today's textbooks refer to the Mundell–Fleming model. Mundell's contribution, which assumes perfect rather than imperfect capital mobility is, however, considered more important due to its depth, range, and analytical power, and more applicable to today's conditions.
He was educated at Bathgate Academy and the University of Edinburgh, the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, and the London School of Economics.
Publications
Dual exchange market and other remedies for disruptive capital flows, IMF Staff Papers, March 1974.
External links
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, 1999 to Professor Robert A. Mundell
Reprinted in
1911 births
1976 deaths
British economists
People educated at Bathgate Academy
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni
20th-century economists |
4019043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Foutz | Dave Foutz | David Luther Foutz (September 7, 1856 – March 5, 1897) was a Major League Baseball player for 13 seasons. He played multiple positions, including pitcher, from to , compiling a 147–66 career record, as well as first base and outfield. From to , he was the player-manager of the Brooklyn Bridegrooms.
Early life
David Luther Foutz was born in Carroll County, Maryland on September 7, 1856, the son of Solomon Augustus Foutz and Miriam Cook. Always known as Dave, he was asthmatic all his life. When he was 21 Foutz drifted out to Leadville, Colorado and worked for a while in the lead mines. While in Leadville, Foutz started playing baseball, pitching for the Leadville Blues, an amateur team. Shortly after, he signed with the Bay City, Michigan minor league team, where he played until 1884. By 1884, Foutz's talent had been spotted by Chris von der Ahe, the owner of the St. Louis Browns of the American Association. He wanted Foutz's contract so badly he bought the entire Bay City, Michigan franchise. Before joining the major league, Foutz acquired a reputation as a gambler and drinker, figuring if he was going to die young, he would enjoy himself before.
Major League Baseball career
As a player, Dave Foutz was often called "Scissors" and other nicknames, due to his tall (6 foot 2 inch) and thin (161 pounds) build. His first six seasons in the major leagues were spent in the American Association with the St. Louis Browns, all the while suffering from asthma. With the Browns he became their powerhouse right-hander who helped St. Louis win four straight American Association pennants. Along the way, Foutz built up an impressive record and on April 10, 1885, in an exhibition game, Foutz pitched a no-hitter to defeat the St. Louis Maroons, 7–0. Later on June 3, 1886, Foutz pitched a shutout against Brooklyn in what became a 19–0 rout.
But on August 14, 1887 while pitching against the Cincinnati Reds for St. Louis, Foutz was hit by a ball and suffered a broken thumb on his throwing hand. Sidelined for nine weeks, when Foutz eventually returned to pitching‚ he was ineffective and his pitching career was virtually ended. While he was pitching, Foutz won 114 games over a four-year span from 1884–1887, with a career high of 41 in 1886. He ended up with a 147–66 record, which is a .690 percentage and is tied for third-best ever. In 1887, Foutz achieved a rare feat when he won 20 or more games as a pitcher (25) and drove in 100 or more runs as a hitter (108).
Leading up to the 1888 season, Foutz made the news when Chris von der Ahe, owner of the St. Louis Browns, sold the contracts for the not fully recovered Foutz, along with pitcher Bob Caruthers and catcher Doc Bushong. The sale was to the Brooklyn Bridegrooms and their owner Charlie Byrne, who paid what was then the enormous sum of $19,000 for the trio.
After the injury, Foutz pitched little for Brooklyn but helped the team to the 1889 American Association pennant and the 1890 National League flag. In both seasons, he was the regular first baseman. Later for four seasons (1893–96), Foutz was a playing manager, but Brooklyn never finished higher than fifth and Foutz was forced to resign in October 1896 after the end of the 1896 season.
Unassisted pickoff
Foutz is remembered for one great play that probably occurred in the game on September 3, 1886, where he picked off a runner unassisted. He was playing for the St. Louis Browns, who were facing the Louisville Colonels. The play was apparently orchestrated by a signal from catcher Doc Bushong, with Charles Comiskey playing first base. On base, the runners for the Colonels were Pete Browning on first and John Kerins on second.
Later life
In 1889, Foutz married 28-year-old Minnie M Glocke and they lived in Brooklyn. Afterwards, he and his wife were constant companions and Foutz appeared to settle down from his younger days. But six years later, in 1895 Foutz's wife was institutionalized in an insane asylum and likely remained there until she died in 1898. Never in good health, in January 1896, Foutz became dangerously ill with pneumonia and barely recovered. After he was released from the Bridegrooms in October 1896, Foutz was considered for a manager in the minor leagues or as a possible umpire, but by January 1897, he was too ill to work and was under a doctor's care. On March 5, 1897, Foutz died at his mother's home in Waverly, a suburb of Baltimore, Maryland, of an asthma attack. He was buried in the Loudon Park Cemetery, in Baltimore City, Maryland. Newspapers reported his funeral was a sad and somber affair, attended by many former teammates and baseball players. Also in attendance were executives from the National League as well as his old Brooklyn and St. Louis ball clubs.
See also
List of Major League Baseball player-managers
List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual saves leaders
List of St. Louis Cardinals team records
References
Further reading
Full Obituary Sporting Life, March 13, 1897, page 5.
External links
Baseball-Reference.com – career managing record and playing statistics
1856 births
1897 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball first basemen
Baseball players from Maryland
St. Louis Browns (AA) players
Brooklyn Bridegrooms players
Brooklyn Grooms players
Major League Baseball player-managers
Brooklyn Bridegrooms managers
19th-century baseball players
Bay City (minor league baseball) players
People from Carroll County, Maryland
Respiratory disease deaths in Maryland
Deaths from asthma
Leadville Blues players |
4019045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marteinn%20Geirsson | Marteinn Geirsson | Marteinn Geirsson (born 11 February 1951) is a retired footballer who was capped 67 times (over 20 of those as captain) for Iceland between 1971 and 1982, scoring 8 goals.
His clubs include Fram Reykjavik, for whom he scored the winning goals in the Cup Finals of 1973 and 1979.
He went on to coach Fram Reykjavik from 1994 to 1995.
Trivia
His son, Pétur Marteinsson, also became a professional footballer.
He is currently the precinct captain for the Reykjavík fire department and has been a fireman for over 30 years.
References
1951 births
Living people
Marteinn Geirsson
Marteinn Geirsson
Marteinn Geirsson
Marteinn Geirsson
Marteinn Geirsson
Association football midfielders |
4019049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t%20Fool%20Yourself%20Dear | Don't Fool Yourself Dear | Don't Fool Yourself Dear (Spanish: No te engañes corazón) is a 1937 Mexican comedy-drama film directed by Miguel Contreras Torres and starring Carlos Orellana. It is the first full-feature film of Mexican comedian Cantinflas after becoming a star of the carpa circuit (folk theater). It was also one of the earliest films of Orellana and Sara García and the first where they share the screen.
This film was released in DVD format on October 26, 2004.
Plot
Don Boni (Orellana) is diagnosed with a deadly disease and decides to spend his last days doing good deeds. He leaves his wife and decides to help people. He then gets drunk and wakes up with a winning lottery ticket and realizes that the doctor who diagnosed him has been sent to prison for fraud.
Cast
Carlos Orellana as Don Bonifacio "Boni" Bonafé
Sara García as Doña Petronila "Petro" (as Sarah Garcia)
Natalia Ortiz as Consuelito
Eusebio Pirrín as Friend of Canti (as Don Catarino)
Eduardo Vivas as Don Gregorio "Goyo" Vidal
Cantinflas as Canti
Carmen Molina as Carmencita
Joaquín Coss as Señor Rebolledo
Carlos Villatoro as Alfredo
Manuel Buendía as Señor Palomares
Gerardo del Castillo as Friend of Goyo (as G. del Castillo)
Matilde Corell as Lady Student (uncredited)
Paco Martínez as Señor Monforte, landlord (uncredited)
Ismael Rodríguez as Office Worker (uncredited)
Fanny Schiller as Refugio (uncredited)
Estanislao Shilinsky as Restaurant Client (uncredited)
Juan Villegas as Waiter (uncredited)
Critical reception
Introducing an analysis of Cantinflas' career, essayist Carlos Monciváis refers to the actor's performance in this picture as "his disregarded debut in an inauspicious film."
References
External links
No Te Engañes Corazón at Yahoo! Movies
1937 films
1937 comedy-drama films
Mexican films
1930s Spanish-language films
Mexican black-and-white films
Mexican comedy-drama films |
4019054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amp%20Fiddler | Amp Fiddler | Joseph Anthony "Amp" Fiddler is an American singer, songwriter, keyboardist, and record producer from Detroit, Michigan. His musical styles include funk, soul, dance and electronica music. He is probably best known for his contributions to the band Enchantment, and as part of George Clinton's Parliament and Funkadelic groups from 1985 until 1996. His first solo album Waltz of a Ghetto Fly was released in March 2004. His most recent album, Amp Dog Knights, was released in 2017.
Early career
Fiddler has worked with George Clinton, Moodymann, Stephanie McKay, Jamiroquai, Prince, Was (Not Was), the Brand New Heavies, Fishbone, Corinne Bailey Rae and neo soul artist Maxwell. Working with his brother, Bubz (bass guitarist, producer and songwriter), he released the album With Respect in 1990 on Elektra, recording under the name Mr. Fiddler. Amp Fiddler is credited with introducing hip-hop producer J Dilla to the Akai MPC sampling drum machine and also to A Tribe Called Quest member Q-Tip, who introduced the young Dilla into the music industry world.
In regards to Dilla's memory, he said:
Discography
Albums
With Respect (1990)
Waltz of a Ghetto Fly (2004) - UK #82
Afro Strut (2006) - UK #126
Inspiration Information (2008) - with Sly and Robbie
Motor City Booty (2016)
Kindred Live (2017) - with Will Sessions
Amp Dog Knights (2017)
The One (2018) - with Will Sessions
Singles, Maxi-singles & EP's
"Basementality" (2002)
"Love and War" (2003)
"Possibilities" (2003)
"I Believe in You" (2003) - UK #72
"Dreamin" (2004) - UK #71
"Too High" (2004)
"If You Can't Get Me Off Your Mind" (2004)
"I Believe In You" (2004)
"Eye To Eye" (2004)
"Right Where You Are" (2006)
"Ridin' / Faith" (2006)
"Hope / Dope" (2006)
"If I Don't" (2007) - featuring Corinne Bailey Rae
"Find My Way" (2007)
"Stay Or Move On" (2008)
"Inspiration Information" (2008) - with Sly and Robbie
"Blackhouse (Paint The White House Black)" (2008) - with Sly and Robbie
"Take it" (2014) featuring Raphael Saadiq
"Basementality 2" (2014)
"Bassmentality 3" (2015)
"Motor City Booty" (2016)
"So Sweet" (2017)
"Lost Without You" (2017) - with Will Sessions
"Reminiscin'" (2017) - with Will Sessions
"Rendezvous" (2017) - with Will Sessions
"Keep Coming" (2019)
References
External links
Amp Fiddler interview by Pete Lewis in Blues & Soul, October 2008
Amp Fiddler interview in Clubbity
Amp Fiddler interview by SoulRnB.com
Amp Fiddler lecture at Red Bull Music Academy
interview by Andre J. Ellington for Rollingout.com
20th-century African-American male singers
21st-century African-American male singers
African-American male singer-songwriters
American funk keyboardists
American funk singers
American soul keyboardists
American soul singers
Living people
P-Funk members
Singers from Detroit
Year of birth missing (living people)
Singer-songwriters from Michigan |
4019056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.475%20Wildey%20Magnum | .475 Wildey Magnum | The .475 Wildey Magnum is a semi-automatic pistol cartridge designed for big game hunting in the Wildey pistol.
History
The .475 Wildey Magnum was designed to be a hunting round. Cases are formed from .284 Winchester brass with the neck cut down and widened to take a .475" bullet, and the length is the same as the .45 Winchester Magnum. Velocity at 100 yards is equivalent to the muzzle velocity of the .44 Magnum.
Popular media
While not being very common, the .475 Wildey Magnum is most famous for its appearance in Death Wish 3, where the Wildey (chambered for this cartridge) was a signature weapon of Paul Kersey, a character portrayed by Charles Bronson (using his own personal Wildey firearm) in the Death Wish film series.
Additional Wildey calibers
In the late 1980s, Wildey, Inc. produced three additional calibers using necked down versions of the .475 Wildey Magnum brass casing originally designed in 1983 in order to achieve higher velocities and muzzle energies. First was the .357 Wildey Magnum (also known as the .357 Peterbuilt) which used a .357 Magnum bullet. Second was the .41 Wildey Magnum (also known as the 10 mm Wildey Magnum) which used a .41 Magnum bullet. Last was the .44 Wildey Magnum (also known as the 11 mm Wildey Magnum) which used a .44 Magnum bullet. All calibers were eventually discontinued.
The .45 Wildey Magnum was introduced by Wildey F.A., Inc. in 1997, which is also a necked down version of the .475 Wildey Magnum using a .45 ACP bullet. It was discontinued in 2011 when overall productions ceased.
Listed below is the ballistic performances of each produced cartridge as fired from a 10 in (254 mm) barrel. The information on the .45 Wildey Magnum is from a 12 in (305 mm) barrel. Bullet types were not provided.
See also
Table of handgun and rifle cartridges
List of handgun cartridges
.45 Super
.45 ACP
.44 Magnum
.45 GAP
10 mm caliber
11 mm caliber
Shooting sports
References
External links
wildeyguns.com homepage of the manufacturer
Magnum pistol cartridges
Pistol and rifle cartridges
Wildcat cartridges |
4019064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mighty%20Mike | Mighty Mike | Mighty Mike may refer to:
A re-release of the computer game Power Pete
Michael van Gerwen, darts player
Mighty Mike McGee, slam poet
Mike Anchondo, boxer
Mike Arnaoutis, boxer
Mike Van Sant, drag racer
Mike Cuozzo, saxophonist
"Mighty Mike C", a member of the Fearless Four
Mighty Mike, French CGI-animated series |
4019080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean%20Holdsworth | Dean Holdsworth | Dean Christopher Holdsworth (born 8 November 1968) is an English former professional football player and manager. As a striker he scored 193 goals in 610 league games over a 22-year career. Despite playing for 16 clubs in 19 spells the majority of his goals and appearances came at Brentford, Wimbledon, and Bolton Wanderers. He is the twin brother of David Holdsworth.
As a player, he started his career at Watford in 1986, where he spent three years before signing with Brentford, following a short loan spell. A highly successful three years followed before he was signed by Wimbledon in 1992. After an impressive five-year spell he transferred to Bolton Wanderers. He spent six years at Bolton, before in 2003 joining Coventry City, Rushden & Diamonds and then back to Wimbledon. In 2004, he signed with Havant & Waterlooville, where he spent one season before joining Derby County as player–assistant manager. In 2006, he dropped out of the Football League for the final time, joining Weymouth. Short spells followed at Heybridge Swifts, Cambridge United, and Newport County.
His management career started at Redbridge in 2007. After one season there he took the reins at Newport County. In his second season with the club he took them to the Conference South title with 28 points to spare. In January 2011 he switched clubs to take charge at League Two side Aldershot Town until his dismissal in February 2013. He took charge at Chelmsford City in May 2013, before resigning five months later. He returned to management for a five-month spell with Brentwood Town in June 2015. In March 2016, he led a consortium to purchase Bolton Wanderers.
Playing career
Watford
Holdsworth primarily played as a striker, although in the latter part of his career he tended to play off the front man. He was a pacey striker with good shooting ability. He started his career at Watford, who finished ninth in the First Division in 1986–87 under Graham Taylor's stewardship, before suffering relegation in 1987–88 under Dave Bassett and then Steve Harrison. He was loaned out to Carlisle United towards the end of the campaign, and scored once in four Fourth Division games for Clive Middlemass. He joined John Rudge's Port Vale in March, and scored twice at Vale Park in six Third Division appearances. He started 1988–89 on loan at Terry Yorath's Swansea City, and returned to Vicarage Road after one goal in five Third Division games. He then joined Steve Perryman's Brentford on loan, before joining the club permanently for £125,000 in September 1989.
Brentford
He was to prove himself as a prolific goalscorer for the "Bees", as the club moved from 13th in 1989–90 to the play-offs in 1990–91, before Holdsworth scored 38 goals in the Third Division championship winning season of 1991–92, in a fruitful partnership with Gary Blissett. For this achievement he was named on the PFA Team of the Year. Phil Holder was unable to keep him at Griffin Park following these exploits.
Wimbledon
He signed for Joe Kinnear's Wimbledon in the middle of 1992 for £650,000. He made an immediate impact in his first season at the "Dons", becoming the club's top scorer and the Premier League's third highest scorer with 19 goals, after forming a solid partnership with John Fashanu. During his time at Selhurst Park, eccentric club chairman Sam Hammam promised to buy Holdsworth a Ferrari sports car and even a camel if he managed to score 20 league goals in a season. However, Holdsworth never quite managed to reach that target. He hit 17 league and seven cup goals in 1993–94, including a hat-trick against Oldham Athletic on 26 April 1994. He was less prolific in 1994–95, though Wimbledon still finished in ninth place. He hit 16 goals in 1995–96, to become the club's joint-top scorer, along with strike partner Efan Ekoku. He hit nine goals in 1996–97, before he was signed to Bolton Wanderers in October 1997 for £3.5million, which was a record signing for Bolton at that time.
Bolton Wanderers
He scored just three goals in 17 Premier League starts in 1997–98, as Colin Todd's side slipped out of the top-flight after finishing 18th, behind 17th place Everton on goal difference. He rediscovered his scoring touch in the First Division, hitting 12 goals in 26 starts in 1998–99. He then hit 14 goals from 24 league starts in 1999–2000, as Sam Allardyce led Bolton to the semi-finals of the play-offs, the FA Cup and the League Cup. He scored 15 goals from 29 starts in 2000–01, including a hat-trick past Scunthorpe United in a 5–1 win at the Reebok Stadium. The "Trotters" reached the play-off final, and beat Preston North End 3–0 at the Millennium Stadium to regain their top-flight status. He was restricted to nine league starts and 22 substitute appearances in 2001–02, scoring once each against Liverpool and Tottenham Hotspur. He made 10 goalless appearances in 2002–03, though was briefly joined in Lancashire by his brother David for the first time since leaving Watford.
Later career
He joined Coventry City on loan in December 2002, making six goalless appearances, before he signed permanently for the club the following month. He scored once in the FA Cup against Cardiff City, but failed to find the net in his 11 league games and moved on to Brian Talbot's Rushden & Diamonds in March. Diamonds topped the Third Division in 2002–03, though Holdsworth left Nene Park in the summer. He returned to Wimbledon for the 2003–04 campaign, as the club relocated to Milton Keynes. He scored three goals in 28 games in 2003–04. He then spent the 2004–05 season with Havant & Waterlooville in the Conference South. He then joined Derby County, where he was appointed as assistant manager, but played as a striker during an injury crisis, leaving the club when manager Phil Brown was sacked in January 2006. He finished the 2005–06 season with spells in non-league football at Weymouth and Heybridge Swifts. Holdsworth returned to Havant & Waterlooville for the opening months of the 2006–07 season, before joining Cambridge United in the new year. Holdsworth joined Newport County on a short-term contract in February 2007 and was released by manager Peter Beadle at the end of the 2006–07 season, after playing in the 2007 FAW Premier Cup Final defeat to The New Saints.
International career
Holdsworth earned an England B cap in the 4–2 win against Northern Ireland B on 10 May 1994 at Hillsborough Stadium, Sheffield, scoring the opening goal for England's B team.
Managerial career
Redbridge
Holdsworth was appointed as player-manager of Isthmian League Division One North club Redbridge in July 2007. The club finished third in 2007–08, before losing to Canvey Island in the play-off final, following a penalty shoot-out.
Newport County
He made a return to Newport County in May 2008 as their new manager in succession to Peter Beadle, after handing in his resignation at Redbridge. He also relocated to Worcester to accommodate his new role at Newport. After a poor start to the 2008–09 season, Newport improved in the second half of the season to finish tenth in the league. Holdsworth was awarded the Conference South Manager of the Month award for April 2009. His signings included Craig Reid, Danny Rose, Paul Bignot, Jamie Collins, Charlie Henry, Sam Foley and Gary Warren.
In September 2009 Holdsworth was again named the Conference South Manager of the Month after Newport County started the 2009–10 season with a run of 13 league matches unbeaten. He also won the awards for November 2009 and February 2010. On 15 March 2010, Newport County achieved promotion to the Conference National as champions with seven matches remaining and completed the season with a record 103 points, 28 points ahead of second placed Dover Athletic.
In June 2010, Holdsworth signed a new two-year contract with Newport, and was also awarded the Conference South Manager of the Year Award. Holdsworth was selected as Conference National Manager of the Month for September 2010 after a run of five consecutive wins for Newport County. He left the club in January of the 2010–11 campaign, with Newport County lying in the play-off zone of the Conference National. The "Exiles" finished the season in ninth place under Anthony Hudson's stewardship.
Aldershot Town
In January 2011 he was announced as the new manager of League Two side Aldershot Town. Holdsworth wasted no time making his mark on the team, bringing in forwards Peter Vincenti, Tim Sills, and Alex Rodman – as well as defender Simon Grand on loan from Fleetwood – before the end of the month. There were also players leaving the club during this period of transition, with both Glen Little and Wesley Ngo Baheng being released, whilst Anthony Straker and Damian Spencer were sent out on loan. Holdsworth's first game in charge resulted in a creditable 1–1 draw away to high-flying Bury, and he also improved on Aldershot's poor home form; winning his first game at "The Rec" 1–0 against Bradford City, whilst a last-minute Luke Guttridge free-kick gave the "Shots" a second consecutive home win 3–2 against Crewe. He continued attempting to strengthen the squad throughout February, with loan signings Albert Jarrett and Luke Medley from Lincoln and Mansfield respectively, though neither had a large impact on the team with only a handful of appearances between them. Holdsworth also signed former "Shots" goalkeeper Mikhael Jaimez-Ruiz, who made 62 appearances in a previous spell at the club. On the pitch, Aldershot went on a run of five consecutive draws, the first away to league leaders Chesterfield who required a late equaliser to rescue a point.
His team went unbeaten throughout March to virtually ensure the club's survival in the Football League. The upturn in form prompted speculation that the team could mount a charge for the play-offs. Though the club could only draw in their final game of the month at home to Accrington Stanley, Aldershot were left only seven points behind seventh placed Rotherham United. March also saw defender Jamie Vincent released from the club after not featuring in Holdsworth's first team plans, as well as a first team opportunity for youth team winger Adam Mekki. The "Shots" continued their unbeaten run into the first half of April, before defeat finally came at home to Burton Albion. At the end of the campaign Aldershot posted a comfortable mid-table finish, and Holdsworth handed out contracts to young players Adam Mekki, Doug Bergqvist and Henrik Breimyr. He also released nine players in Ben Harding, John Halls, Marvin Morgan, Damian Spencer, Tim Sills, Mikhael Jaimez-Ruiz, Wade Small, Clayton Fortune, and Jack Randall.
He assembled a number of free signings to replenish his squad: strikers Bradley Bubb and Michael Rankine; midfielders Anthony Pulis and Graeme Montgomery; defenders Aaron Brown and Jamie Collins; and goalkeeper Ross Worner. He also brought in a total of eight loanees in the first half of the season: Jake Taylor, Jordan Brown, Bruno Andrade, Adam Smith, Scott Davies, Jamie Day, Greg Pearson and Charlie Henry. His team proved to be inconsistent, though they did reach the Fourth Round of the League Cup, where they were beaten 3–0 by a Manchester United side that included Dimitar Berbatov, Michael Owen, and Antonio Valencia. In the January transfer window he released Graeme Montgomery and Anthony Pulis, whilst making four new loan signings in defenders Troy Brown and Sonny Bradley, midfielder Josh Payne, and striker Charlie Collins. He also recruited defender Chris Doig, and attempted to bolster his side's poor goalscoring record by paying a five figure fee for Cameroonian striker Guy Madjo. He also signed Stefan Payne, Wilko Risser and Josh Payne, as well as loanees Ben Smith, Darren Murphy, Michael Doughty, and Rob Sinclair. To make room for these signings he offloaded Jermaine McGlashan, Jamie Collins, Luke Guttridge, Chris Doig and Aaron Brown. The "Shots" finished the season just outside the play-offs.
Holdsworth signed a new one-year extension to his contract with the club in June 2012, tying him to the club until summer 2014. The next month he rejected the opportunity to take over as manager of League One club Crawley Town. Over the summer he signed goalkeeper Glenn Morris, defenders Olly Lancashire and Guy Branston, and midfielders Craig Stanley and Harry Cooksley. Holdsworth targeted the play-offs for the 2012–13 season, though said that "our aim is, first and foremost, staying in the division." Over the course of the season he also added Sonny Bradley (on loan), Danny Rose (on loan), Kieron Cadogan, Oliver Risser, Asa Hall (on loan), and Anthony McNamee to his squad. He led Aldershot to the Fourth Round of the FA Cup for the first time in the club's history. On 20 February 2013 he was sacked by Aldershot, three days after his twin brother David Holdsworth was sacked as manager of Lincoln City, and one day after Aldershot recorded a 1–0 victory over Torquay United. At the time of his sacking Aldershot were in 20th position in League Two having taken only seven points from the last seven games.
Chelmsford City
Holdsworth was appointed manager at Conference South side Chelmsford City in May 2013. However, after eight defeats in 13 league games his contract with Chelmsford was ended by mutual consent in November 2013.
Brentwood Town
He was appointed director of football at Isthmian League Premier club Brentwood Town in June 2015, and also took up the vacant management role at the club. He resigned in November 2015 due to his growing business commitments. His primary focus was as a business consultant for Sport Shield Consultancy, a consortium seeking to buy into Bolton Wanderers.
Stratford Town
On 19 May 2022, Holdsworth was appointed manager of Stratford Town of the Southern League Premier Central, where the chairman noted that he had "a lot of managerial experience on budget constraints".
Football administration
Holdsworth is a former chairman of the Professional Footballers' Association and founder of the Non League Footballers Association (NLFA).
Bolton Wanderers
In March 2016, Holdsworth led a consortium to purchase Bolton Wanderers, who were lying bottom of the Championship table and heading for administration, and upon completion of the takeover appointed himself as chief executive. However, he moved to the position of Director of football before the start of the 2016–17 season, but left the role less than a month later. He had a public falling out with chairman Ken Anderson over the sale of Zach Clough in January 2017, and sold out his share of the club to Anderson two months later. He resigned his directorship of the club in August 2017.
Outside football
Holdsworth was involved in tabloid scandal in 1996 when he had a highly publicised extramarital affair with topless model Linsey Dawn McKenzie, who was then aged 17. In December 1999 he was sentenced to 18 months probation for punching his wife Samantha Holdsworth.
Holdsworth appeared in reality television series Deadline where ten celebrities had to produce their own weekly celebrity magazine. He was the sixth celebrity to be sacked by Janet Street-Porter. He also participated in the second series of Sky One reality TV series Cirque de Celebrité. He was voted out by the judges in the first episode on 7 October 2007. Tamara (another contestant) joined him in the bottom two, but was voted to stay in the competition by the three judges. However, because of a technical fault with the voting, Dean was asked to re-join the show.
Holdsworth married Susanna Cobham in June 2010. David Holdsworth, who was also a professional footballer is Dean's twin brother. On 18 September 2010, they became the first twins to manage against each other in the top five divisions of English football, when Dean was manager of Newport County and David manager of Mansfield Town – Newport won the match 1–0.
Career statistics
Playing statistics
Managerial statistics
Honours
Player
Brentford
Football League Third Division: 1991–92
Bolton Wanderers
Football League First Division playoffs: 2001
Rushden & Diamonds
Football League Third Division: 2002–03
Newport County
FAW Premier Cup runner-up: 2006–07
Individual
Football League Third Division PFA Team of the Year: 1991–92
Conference South Manager of the Month: April 2009, September 2009, November 2009, February 2010
Conference South Manager of the Year: 2009–10
Conference National Manager of the Month: September 2010
League Two Manager of the Month: March 2011
Brentford Hall of Fame (inducted 2013)
Manager
Newport County
Conference South: 2009–10
References
1968 births
Living people
People from Walthamstow
Footballers from Walthamstow
English footballers
England B international footballers
Association football forwards
Watford F.C. players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Swansea City A.F.C. players
Brentford F.C. players
Wimbledon F.C. players
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
Rushden & Diamonds F.C. players
Havant & Waterlooville F.C. players
Derby County F.C. players
Weymouth F.C. players
Cambridge United F.C. players
Heybridge Swifts F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players
Redbridge F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier League players
National League (English football) players
Isthmian League players
Association football player-managers
English football managers
Newport County A.F.C. managers
Aldershot Town F.C. managers
Chelmsford City F.C. managers
Brentwood Town F.C. managers
Stratford Town F.C. managers
National League (English football) managers
English Football League managers
Isthmian League managers
Southern Football League managers
Association football coaches
Derby County F.C. non-playing staff
Bolton Wanderers F.C. non-playing staff
Twin sportspeople
Twin people from England
English sports executives and administrators
English trade unionists |
4019104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20Training%20Officer | Air Training Officer | Air Training Officers (ATO) were specially selected commissioned officers who served as surrogate upperclass cadets at the United States Air Force Academy.
Establishment of the Air Force Academy
The original Air Training Officers were commissioned junior officers who served as a surrogate upperclass for incoming cadets before there were actual upperclass cadets to conduct training and oversee the Cadet Wing.
Admission of Women to the Academy
In 1976, the ATO program was revived in a modified form when women were allowed to attend the Air Force Academy. The Academy brought in a number of female junior officers to learn about Academy life and act as surrogate upperclassmen specifically for the new female cadets.
Before taking on their roles, the new ATOs underwent Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) training, physical conditioning, various airmanship programs, field training at Jacks Valley and audited academic courses. Special counseling courses enabled the ATOs to help women cadets with potential personal problems.
External links
AFMC General First to Introduce Women to AF Academy Life, AFMC Public Affairs article
United States Air Force Academy |
4019108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%20Ebright | Ky Ebright | Carroll M. "Ky" Ebright (March 20, 1894 – November 25, 1979) was a revered coach for the University of California, Berkeley crew.
Early life and education
Ebright was an only child, born in Chicago, Illinois, to Frank Randall Ebright (1862–1959) and Charlotte M. Bassage Ebright (1866–1959). He attended Broadway High School in Seattle, Washington.
While attending college at the University of Washington, Ebright was a coxswain, lettering there in 1916 and 1917.
During World War I, he was a flying instructor.
Career
Ebright remained at the University of Washington after graduating and was an assistant coach there through the 1923 season. In the fall of 1923, he became the head coach for the rowing team at Berkeley. Ebright took the job only after he was assured that his job at Washington would be waiting for him if things did not work well.
Ebright is the only man to coach three Olympic gold medal-winning eight-oared boats. He coached the Cal Men's crew from 1924 through 1959.
During his tenure, the Cal Bears men's varsity 8 (8+) won the following events:
Olympics
1928 Summer Olympics – Gold Medal
1932 Summer Olympics – Gold Medal
1948 Summer Olympics – Gold Medal
IRA Championships – National Title
1928
1932
1934
1935
1939
1949
In 1956, Ebright was inducted into the United States Rowing Hall of Fame. In addition, four of his varsity boats have been inducted:
1928 Univ. California Eight
1932 Univ. California Eight
1939 Univ. California Eight
1948 Univ. California Eight
Personal life
According to friend and interviewer Arthur Arlett, Ebright was small of stature (befitting a coxswain) and was affectionately nicknamed "The Little Admiral". He married Kathryn Doty Gruber Ebright (1907–2001); their families were friendly and were neighbors. They had two children, a son Malcolm and a daughter Margaret.
On November 25, 1979, Ebright died in Berkeley, California at the age of 85. In 1996, Gregory Peck, one of Ebright's former students, donated $25,000 to the rowing crew in honor of his coach.
References
External links
IRA Championships
1894 births
1979 deaths
California Golden Bears rowing coaches
Washington Huskies men's rowers
Washington Huskies men's rowing coaches |
4019130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan%20Whiting | Nathan Whiting | Nathan Whiting (4 May 1724, Windham, Connecticut – 9 April 1771) was a soldier and merchant in Colonial America.
Biography
Whiting's parents died while he was a child, and he was raised by father's sister Mary and her husband, Reverend Thomas Clap. Whiting would graduate from Yale in 1743 while his uncle Thomas was president of the university.
In 1745 Ensign Nathan Whiting joined the New England army being raised to capture Fortress Louisbourg from the French. After his service in King George's War, he became a merchant in New Haven, Connecticut. In 1750 Nathan married Mary Saltonstall. They would have eight children together.
At the start of the French and Indian War, Whiting was appointed as Lieutenant Colonel of the 2nd Connecticut Provincial Regiment. During the Battle of Lake George on September 8, 1755, the 2nd Regiment and the Massachusetts regiment of Col. Ephraim Williams were marching between Lake George and Fort Edward 14 miles away, when their column was ambushed by an army of French and their Indian allies. With the death of Col. Williams, Col. Whiting led the survivors back to Sir William Johnson's camp at Lake George. There the Colonial army held off the French attacks until men from Joseph Blanchard's New Hampshire Provincial Regiment attacked the rear of the French army and captured the French commander Jean Erdman, Baron Dieskau.
In 1756 Whiting was promoted to full Colonel in the Connecticut militia. In 1757 his provincial regiment was at Fort at Number 4 on the Connecticut River in New Hampshire guarding the frontier. After the war Col. Whiting served in the Connecticut General Assembly until his death on 9 April 1771. He is buried at the Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven.
References
1724 births
1771 deaths
People of Connecticut in the French and Indian War
People of colonial Connecticut
Burials at Grove Street Cemetery
People from Windham, Connecticut
Military personnel from Connecticut |
4019143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Jaffe | Al Jaffe | Al Jaffe was ESPN's vice-president of talent (official title: Vice-President of Talent Negotiation and Production Recruitment), from 1996 until his retirement in January 2015. He joined ESPN in 1987. He was also one of the judges on all three seasons of the network's reality series Dream Job.
A native of Pittsfield, Massachusetts and a 1968 graduate of Emerson College, where he majored in Mass Communications, Jaffe previously served as a news producer at WHDH-TV and WCVB-TV in Boston, and as News Director at KNTV-TV San Jose, California, and KOVR-TV in Sacramento.
Awards
He was elected to the Emerson College Board of Trustees in 2007 and was inducted into the WERS (Emerson College Radio Station) Hall of Fame in 2011.
Family
His daughter Pam Jaffe also attended Emerson College and graduated in May 2007. She is currently a Supervising Producer on the WE-TV reality show Braxton Family Values.
Awards and honors
1978 – Emmy Award, Boston chapter of National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, Best Newscast (WCVB-TV)
1986 – Radio Television News Directors Association Award, Regional Investigative Reporting (KOVR)
External links
Al Jaffe bio at ESPN's Dream Job Season 3 website
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Emerson College alumni
People from Pittsfield, Massachusetts |
4019145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindemann | Lindemann | Lindemann is a German surname.
Persons
Notable people with the surname include:
Arts and entertainment
Elisabeth Lindemann, German textile designer and weaver
Jens Lindemann, trumpet player
Julie Lindemann, American photographer
Maggie Lindemann, American singer
Till Lindemann, singer in German NDH-Metal band Rammstein
Lindemann (band), his side project.
Sports
Hannes Lindemann, solo canoeist
Hermann Lindemann, football player and manager
Paul Lindemann, basketball player
Stefan Lindemann, figure skater
Laura Lindemann, olympic triathlete
Government and military
Ernst Lindemann (1894–1941), captain of the German battleship Bismarck
Ernst Heinrich Lindemann (1833–1900), mayor of Essen, Dortmund and Düsseldorf
Fritz Lindemann (1894–1944), German artillery officer and member of the resistance to Adolf Hitler
Gerhard Lindemann (1896–1994), German Generalmajor
Georg Lindemann (1884–1963), German cavalry officer
Rosa Lindemann (1876–1958), German communist in the resistance to Nazism
Others
Albert Lindemann, American historian
Carl Louis Ferdinand von Lindemann, mathematician
Erich Lindemann, German-American author and psychiatrist
Erich Lindemann (botanist), German botanist
Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell, English physicist, and Churchill's scientific advisor during World War II
Adolph Friedrich Lindemann, his father; engineer, businessman and amateur astronomer
George Lindemann, American businessman
Margarethe Lindemann, mother of the theologian, Martin Luther
See also
Lindemann mechanism (due to Frederick Lindemann)
Lindeman
Linderman
Lindenbaum
German-language surnames |
4019180 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Hale | Don Hale | Don Hale OBE (born July 1952) is a British author and journalist known for his investigative work and campaigning against miscarriage of justice in specific legal cases.
Early life
Hale was previously a professional footballer for Bury, Blackburn Rovers, York City and Shrewsbury Town.
Career
While editor of the Bury Messenger in the early 1980s, he says Barbara Castle, then the local Member of the European Parliament gave him confidential information on political figures who appeared sympathetic to the Paedophile Information Exchange and indicated that several high ranking senior politicians were also allegedly involved in promoting a Westminster paedophile circle. After refusing pressure to hand over the dossier put on him by Cyril Smith MP and Special Branch not to publish it, his office was then raided by SB officers and the papers were confiscated with the threat of prison.
Bakewell murder
He was later editor of the Matlock Mercury, where he became involved in the campaign to overturn the murder conviction of Stephen Downing. In 1973, Downing, at the time a 17-year-old with the reading age of an 11-year-old, was imprisoned for the murder of Wendy Sewell and served 27 years in jail. Following his six-year campaign, the conviction was eventually quashed and declared unsafe by the Court of Appeal in 2001 and Downing was released.
In Denial of Murder changes
Hale's work on the case eventually helped to force a change in both European and British law, allowing any prisoner, particularly in denial of murder (IDOM) and/or convicted of any serious offence, to be allowed to appeal for parole consideration directly to the Parole Board. Downing's case was one of three test cases originally presented to the European Court of Human Rights by barrister Edward Fitzgerald. After several years of debate and despite a late appeal from the British Government, the case went in Downing's favour and he received £500 in compensation. When the murder conviction was later quashed, Downing also received over £900,000 in compensation. Hale's book about the Stephen Downing appeal case, Town Without Pity, became a best-seller. It was adapted into a BBC TV drama starring Stephen Tompkinson and Caroline Catz called In Denial of Murder. In 2016 Judge Robert Rinder featured Hale's book and his quest for justice within a one-hour special on ITV 1 for Judge Rinder's Crime series. The show was repeated in July 2018. Taking part were Hale, Stephen Downing and a cold case detective Chris Clark, who believes Wendy Sewell, the victim in the Bakewell murder, for which Downing was eventually cleared, may have been another victim of the notorious Yorkshire Ripper Peter Sutcliffe.
In 2019, Hale was asked by publishers Harper Collins to write an updated version of his original story about his successful campaign work on the Stephen Downing appeal case. The book entitled Murder in the Graveyard contained new and updated information about his long discovery to find the evidence that helped to quash Downing's conviction, and revealed a number of compelling clues and fresh evidence that indicates who may have been responsible for the brutal murder of Wendy Sewell in September 1973. Hale also completed an audio version of the book and took part in a podcast and other promotional events.
Awards
Hale was voted 2001 Man of the Year by The Observer newspaper, Journalist of the Year by What the Papers Say and was made an OBE for his efforts and campaigning journalism. He has also been national journalist of the year on three occasions, and his campaign to free Stephen Downing won the national campaign of the year award.
Other cases
Hale has also been heavily involved in the controversial case of Barry George, jailed for life for the murder of BBC TV star Jill Dando. Hale also played a key role in investigating and helping to free former police officer Graham Huckerby who was wrongly jailed for allegedly being part of a major bullion robbery gang. Both prisoners eventually had their convictions quashed.
During 2013, Hale began investigating an alleged miscarriage of justice for ex-Sheffield United footballer Ched Evans, who was convicted of the rape of a teenage girl in Rhyl and sentenced to five years in jail. Hale helped present fresh evidence to the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) on behalf and in support of the family's claim that the police inquiry was flawed, and that much of the evidence that could have helped his defence, was not presented at trial. Evans was routinely released from prison on licence in October 2014 and evidence sent to the Criminal Cases Review Commission. On 6 October 2015, they announced that they were referring the case back to the Court of Appeal, where he was later acquitted. Evans faced a retrial in October 2016 and the jury took three hours to return a 12–0 verdict of not guilty.
Books
After a short spell working for the North Wales Pioneer newspaper, Hale became editor of the newly formed North Wales Living magazine in 2005. He won a succession of prestigious awards but later left to pursue other interests. During the autumn of 2007, his book about the famous frogman "Buster" Crabb spy mystery, called The Final Dive, was published by Suttons/The History Press. Hale has also had published Secrets of the Royal Detective about his great-grandfather, James Wood, a notable Manchester detective from 1890 to 1914, who was also the first Royal Protection Officer acting as a personal bodyguard to the Prince of Wales, following the death of Queen Victoria.
Hale's book, Mallard - How the Blue Streak broke the World Speed Record, also became a popular best seller and was first released in paperback by Aurum Press in May 2008 to coincide with the 70th anniversary of the speed record for steam locomotives held by LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard. The book was reprinted and published in July 2013 as a specially updated version for the 75th anniversary of Mallard breaking the world speed record on 3 July 1938, by publishers Aurum Press. An updated book was officially re-launched at the NRM in York on 3 July 2013 as part of the Great Gathering commemorations. Hale also produced and published a new railway history book - Mallard, the Railway Marvel that Beat the World in July 2018 to help commemorate the 80th anniversary of Mallard winning the world speed record.
Hale has written several other books, including a crime novel titled The Wrong Body and non-fiction works such as The Child Killers, Sounds of the Sixties - Club 60 & the Esquire, Birth of the British Bobby, The World of Dreams, Joe Cocker and the Clubs, Sherlock Holmes and the Ghost Ship Mystery.
Freelance
Hale returned to mainstream newspapers working freelance from January 2014.
See also
Murders of Jacqueline Ansell-Lamb and Barbara Mayo, claimed by Hale to be linked to the murder of Wendy Sewell
References
External links
Don Hale's website
British male journalists
1952 births
Living people
Members of the Order of the British Empire |
4019188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westphalian%20sovereignty | Westphalian sovereignty | Westphalian sovereignty, or state sovereignty, is a principle in international law that each state has exclusive sovereignty over its territory. The principle underlies the modern international system of sovereign states and is enshrined in the United Nations Charter, which states that "nothing ... shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state." According to the idea, every state, no matter how large or small, has an equal right to sovereignty. Political scientists have traced the concept to the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and Eighty Years' War (1568–1648). The principle of non-interference was further developed in the 18th century. The Westphalian system reached its peak in the 19th and 20th centuries, but it has faced recent challenges from advocates of humanitarian intervention.
Principles and criticism
A series of treaties make up the Peace of Westphalia, which is considered by political scientists to be the beginning of the modern international system, in which external powers should avoid interfering in another country's domestic affairs. The backdrop of this was the previously held idea that Europe was supposed to be under the umbrella of a single Christian protectorate or empire; governed spiritually by the Pope, and temporally by one rightful emperor, such as that of the Holy Roman Empire. The then-emerging Reformation had undermined this as Protestant-controlled states were less willing to respect the "supra authority" of both the Catholic Church and the Catholic-Habsburg led Emperor.
Recent scholarship has argued that the Westphalian treaties actually had little to do with the principles with which they are often associated: sovereignty, non-intervention, and the legal equality of states. For example, Andreas Osiander writes that "the treaties confirm neither [France's or Sweden's] 'sovereignty' nor anybody else's; least of all do they contain anything about sovereignty as a principle." Others, such as Christoph Kampann and Johannes Paulmann, argue that the 1648 treaties, in fact, limited the sovereignty of numerous states within the Holy Roman Empire and that the Westphalian treaties did not present a coherent new state-system, although they were part of an ongoing change. Yet others, often post-colonialist scholars, point out the limited relevance of the 1648 system to the histories and state systems in the non-Western world. Nonetheless, "Westphalian sovereignty" continues to be used as a shorthand for the basic legal principles underlying the modern state system. The applicability and relevance of these principles have been questioned since the mid-20th century onward from a variety of viewpoints. Much of the debate has turned on the ideas of internationalism and globalization, which some say conflict with Westphalian sovereignty.
History
The origins of Westphalian sovereignty have been traced in the scholarly literature to the Peace of Westphalia (1648). The peace treaties put an end to the Thirty Years' War, a war of religion that devastated Germany and killed 30% of its population. Since neither the Catholics nor the Protestants had won a clear victory, the peace settlement established a status quo order in which states would refrain from interfering in each other's religious practices. Henry Kissinger wrote:
The principle of non-interference in other countries' domestic affairs was laid out in the mid-18th century by Swiss jurist Emer de Vattel. States became the primary institutional agents in an interstate system of relations. The Peace of Westphalia is said to have ended attempts to impose supranational authority on European states. The "Westphalian" doctrine of states as independent agents was bolstered by the rise in 19th-century thoughts of nationalism, under which legitimate states were assumed to correspond to nations—groups of people united by language and culture. Before the Westphalian system, the closest geopolitical system was the "Chanyuan system" established in East Asia in 1005 through the Treaty of Chanyuan, which, like the Westphalian peace treaties, designated national borders between the independent regimes of China's Song dynasty and the nomadic Liao dynasty. This system was copied and developed in East Asia in the following centuries until the establishment of the pan-Eurasian Mongol Empire in the 13th century.
The Westphalian system reached its peak in the late 19th century. Although practical considerations still led powerful states to seek to influence the affairs of others, forcible intervention by one country in the domestic affairs of another was less frequent between 1850 and 1900 than in most previous and subsequent periods.
After the end of the Cold War, the United States and Western Europe began talking of a post-Westphalian order in which countries could intervene against human rights abuses in other countries. Critics have argued that such intervention would be and has been used to continue processes similar to standard Euro-American colonialism, and that the colonial powers always used ideas similar to "humanitarian intervention" to justify colonialism, slavery, and similar practices. China and Russia have thus used their United Nations Security Council veto power to block what they see as American actions to violate the sovereignty of other nations while engaging in their own imperialistic and nationalistic expansionism.
Challenges to Westphalia
The end of the Cold War saw increased international integration and, arguably, the erosion of Westphalian sovereignty. Much of the literature was primarily concerned with criticizing realist models of international politics in which the notion of the state as a unitary agent is taken as axiomatic.
In 1998, at a Symposium on the Continuing Political Relevance of the Peace of Westphalia, NATO Secretary-General Javier Solana said that "humanity and democracy [were] two principles essentially irrelevant to the original Westphalian order" and levelled a criticism that "the Westphalian system had its limits. For one, the principle of sovereignty it relied on also produced the basis for rivalry, not community of states; exclusion, not integration."
In 1999, British Prime Minister Tony Blair gave a speech in Chicago where he "set out a new, post-Westphalian, 'doctrine of the international community. Blair argued that globalization had made the Westphalian approach anachronistic. Blair was later referred to by The Daily Telegraph as "the man who ushered in the post-Westphalian era". Others have also asserted that globalization has superseded the Westphalian system.
In 2000, Germany's Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer referred to the Peace of Westphalia in his Humboldt Speech, which argued that the system of European politics set up by Westphalia was obsolete: "The core of the concept of Europe after 1945 was and still is a rejection of the European balance-of-power principle and the hegemonic ambitions of individual states that had emerged following the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, a rejection which took the form of closer meshing of vital interests and the transfer of nation-state sovereign rights to supranational European institutions."
The European Union's concept of shared sovereignty is also somewhat contrary to historical views of Westphalian sovereignty, as it provides for external agents to influence and interfere in the internal affairs of its member countries. In a 2008 article Phil Williams links the rise of terrorism and violent non-state actors (VNSAs), which pose a threat to the Westphalian sovereignty of the state, to globalization.
Military intervention
Interventions such as in Cambodia by Vietnam (the Cambodian–Vietnamese War) or in Bangladesh (then a part of Pakistan) by India (the Bangladesh Liberation War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971) were seen by some as examples of humanitarian intervention, although their basis in international law is debatable. Other more recent interventions, and their attendant infringements of state sovereignty, also have prompted debates about their legality and motivations.
A new notion of contingent sovereignty seems to be emerging, but it has not yet reached the point of international legitimacy. Neoconservatism in particular has developed this line of thinking further, asserting that a lack of democracy may foreshadow future humanitarian crises, or that democracy itself constitutes a human right, and therefore states not respecting democratic principles open themselves up to just war by other countries. However, proponents of this theory have been accused of being concerned about democracy, human rights and humanitarian crises only in countries where American global dominance is challenged, while ignoring the same issues in other countries friendlier to the United States.
Further criticism of Westphalian sovereignty arises regarding allegedly failed states, of which Afghanistan (before the 2001 US-led invasion) is often considered an example. In this case, it is argued that no sovereignty exists and that international intervention is justified on humanitarian grounds and by the threats posed by failed states to neighboring countries and the world as a whole.
Political scientist Hall Gardner has challenged elements of the Westphalian sovereignty. Reviewer Sarang Shidore summarizes Gardner's argument:
Defenders of Westphalia
Although the Westphalian system developed in early modern Europe, its staunchest defenders can now be found in the non-Western world. The presidents of China and Russia issued a joint statement in 2001 vowing to "counter attempts to undermine the fundamental norms of the international law with the help of concepts such as 'humanitarian intervention' and 'limited sovereignty. China and Russia have used their United Nations Security Council veto power to block what they see as American violations of state sovereignty in Syria. Russia was left out of the original Westphalian system in 1648, but post-Soviet Russia has seen Westphalian sovereignty as a means to balance American power by encouraging a multipolar world order.
Some in the West also speak favourably of the Westphalian state. American political scientist Stephen Walt urged U.S. President Donald Trump to return to Westphalian principles, calling it a "sensible course" for American foreign policy. American political commentator Pat Buchanan has also spoken in favour of the traditional nation-state.
See also
Civic nationalism
Monopoly on violence
Westfailure
Precedence among European monarchies
References
Further reading
John Agnew, Globalization and Sovereignty (2009)
T. Biersteker and C. Weber (eds.), State Sovereignty as Social Construct (1996)
Wendy Brown, Walled States, Waning Sovereignty (2010)
Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society (1977)
Joseph Camilleri and Jim Falk, The End of Sovereignty?: The Politics of a Shrinking and Fragmenting World, Edward Elgar, Aldershot (1992)
Derek Croxton, "The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and the Origins of Sovereignty," The International History Review vol. 21 (1999)
A. Claire Cutler, "Critical Reflections on the Westphalian Assumptions of International Law and Organization," Review of International Studies vol. 27 (2001)
M. Fowler and J. Bunck, Law, Power, and the Sovereign State (1995)
S. H. Hashmi (ed.), State Sovereignty: Change and Persistence in International Relations (1997)
F. H. Hinsley, Sovereignty (1986)
K. J. Holsti, Taming the Sovereigns (2004)
Robert Jackson, The Global Covenant (2000)
Henry Kissinger, World Order (2014)
Stephen Krasner, Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy (1999)
Stephen Krasner (ed.), Problematic Sovereignty (2001)
J.H. Leurdijk, Intervention in International Politics, Eisma BV, Leeuwarden, Netherlands (1986)
Andreas Osiander, "Sovereignty, International Relations, and the Westphalian Myth," International Organization vol. 55 (2001)
Daniel Philpott, Revolutions in Sovereignty (2001)
Cormac Shine, 'Treaties and Turning Points: The Thirty Years' War', History Today (2016)
Hendrik Spruyt, The Sovereign State and Its Competitors (1994)
Phil Williams, Violent Non-State Actors and National and International Security, ISN, 2008
Wael Hallaq, "The Impossible State: Islam, Politics, and Modernity's Moral Predicament" (2012)
1648 in international relations
Political terminology
Sovereignty
Early Modern history of Germany
Legal history of the Dutch Republic
1648 in Europe
History of diplomacy |
4019190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronaldo%20Miranda | Ronaldo Miranda | Ronaldo Miranda (b. April 26, 1948 Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian composer and music professor.
Miranda studied at the Escola de Música da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, under Henrique Morelenbaum for composition and Dulce de Saules for piano.
From 1974 to 1981 Miranda was the primary music critic for the Jornal do Brasil.
In 1977, Miranda won first prize in the chamber music category at the Concurso Nacional de Composição para a II Bienal de Música Brasileira Contemporânea da Sala Cecília Meireles. After this, he became a freelance composer. The following year, he represented Brazil at the Tribune International de Componistes de UNESCO in Paris, France. In 1981 he was awarded a gold medal by the governor of Rio de Janeiro state. He was in the program at the World Music Days in Aarhus, Denmark in 1983, at the Tenth Musik-Biennale in Berlin, Germany, and at the World Music Days in Budapest, Hungary in 1986.
His opera Dom Casmurro premiered at the Municipal Theater of São Paulo in 1992, and was very popular with both audience and critics. In 2001, he won the Troféu Carlos Gomes and the Composer of the Year award by the governor of São Paulo state.
Miranda's works have been performed at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London, England; the Zürich Town Hall in Zürich, Switzerland; the Mozarteum in Salzburg, Austria; the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, Argentina; and in Carnegie Hall in New York City.
Miranda is currently a professor at the Escola de Música da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, and an adjunct director at the Sala Cecília Meireles concert hall in Rio de Janeiro.
On September 22, 2006 premiered at the Theatro São Pedro in São Paulo his opera "A Tempestade" ("The Tempest"), to which he wrote the libretto himself based on the homonymous play by William Shakespeare.
External links
ronaldomiranda.com
1948 births
Living people
Brazilian composers
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro faculty
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro alumni |
4019196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20GP2%20Series | 2006 GP2 Series | The 2006 GP2 Series season was the second season of the Formula One feeder championship GP2 Series. The season began at Circuit de Valencia, Spain on 8 April 2006 and ended in Monza, Italy on 10 September 2006. The championship was won by ART Grand Prix driver Lewis Hamilton, over Piquet Sports driver Nelson Piquet Jr.
2006 GP2 car modifications
Chassis
The 2006 specification GP2 Car was designed by Dallara Automobili. The 2006 GP2 car featured a biplane rear wing, with the triplane rear wing used in 2005 only to be used at the Monaco race. The front upper and lower wishbones were reinforced, as were the front and rear suspension uprights.
Engine
The 4 litre V8 engine featured internal, cartographic and software upgrades designed to improve performance and fuel consumption.
Gearbox
The 2006 gearbox was manufactured by GearTek, and featured an 8 position barrel, with ratchet body and software upgrades, as well as a new transverse shafts fixing system designed to facilitate improved gear selection.
Tyres
The tyres supplied by Bridgestone for the 2006 season were full-slick, not featuring the four-line grooved slick seen in the 2005 season. Bridgestone supplied a soft, medium, and hard compound tyre, with the tyre choice being made by Bridgestone and the GP2 Series prior to each event. The wet specification tyre remained the same as 2005.
Other parts
Brembo supplied a new development of monobloc brake calipers and disc bells, which were exclusive to GP2. The car also featured internal cooling upgrades, a new water radiator, radiator duct, oil and water heat exchanger, modified oil degasser, new oil and water pipes and new heat exchanger fixing brackets.
Sporting regulations changes
The only change to the sporting regulations for the 2006 season was that drivers would only be awarded a single point for fastest lap in a race, rather than the two points that were awarded in 2005. The driver also had to start the race from his allocated grid position to be eligible to claim the fastest lap.
Season summary
Nelson Piquet Jr. won the first race at Valencia ahead of two rookies, Lewis Hamilton and Adrián Vallés. The latter failed to score in the rest of the season apart from one point for fastest lap at Barcelona. In a sprint race, Vallés was involved in a collision with Adam Carroll who rolled multiple times. The sprint race was won by Michael Ammermüller who had promising start to the season but failed to score during last six weekends.
Gianmaria Bruni and Ernesto Viso then shared victories at Imola, where Hamilton failed to score, after being black-flagged in the feature race and therefore starting the sprint race from back of the grid. Hamilton won both races at Nürburgring, after Piquet took pole position but had a big crash following car failure in the feature race. He also failed to score in the sprint.
Hamilton was on course to win feature race at Barcelona, but he collided with his teammate Alexandre Prémat on the last lap. The Frenchman went on to win with Hamilton second. Viso took his second victory of the season by winning the sprint. Hamilton then won three races in a row, including at Monaco where Nicolas Lapierre and Olivier Pla were injured and did not start. At his home circuit in Silverstone, Hamilton won the feature and then the sprint, where he overtook Clivio Piccione and Piquet in one move.
There were few notable driver changes during the early season. Giorgio Pantano returned to the series with after missing the first three rounds and Timo Glock moved from BCN to iSport between the Monaco and British rounds. Both were serious contenders for race wins for the rest of the season and they shared victories at Magny-Cours. Glock also won at Hockenheim after overtaking José María López on the final lap.
At this point, Hamilton had a 26-point lead over Piquet, but the Brazilian bounced back with a perfect weekend at Hungary, taking pole, two wins and two fastest laps. Hamilton spun in qualifying and started the feature race from back of the grid. He failed to score there but took second place in the wet Sunday sprint.
Piquet's form continued in Turkey, where he won the feature race from pole. Hamilton was second, and in the sprint, he recovered from an early spin to take second place, while Piquet had to settle for fifth. Andreas Zuber took advantage of his front row starting position and won the race.
Hamilton led by ten points before final weekend in Monza. Piquet cut the lead to eight by taking pole. Pantano beat both of them in the feature race and set the fastest lap as well. Piquet finished second and Hamilton third, meaning that the championship would be decided in final race. However, Pantano was deemed to have ignored yellow flags on his fastest lap so that time was disallowed, giving a point to Hamilton who now clinched the title. Pantano made a fantastic start in the sprint and went from 8th to 1st before first corner, and went on to win the race. Hamilton followed and took 2nd, beating Piquet by 12 points in the end.
Teams and drivers
Driver changes
Changed Teams
Gianmaria Bruni: Durango → Trident Racing
Adam Carroll: Super Nova International → Racing Engineering
Fairuz Fauzy: DAMS → Super Nova International
Sergio Hernández: Campos Racing → Durango
Neel Jani: Racing Engineering → Arden International Ltd
José María López: DAMS → Super Nova International
Ferdinando Monfardini: Coloni Motorsport → DAMS
Giorgio Pantano: Super Nova International → Petrol Ofisi FMS International
Clivio Piccione: Durango → DPR
Ernesto Viso: BCN Competición → iSport International
Entering GP2
Michael Ammermüller: Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 & Italian Formula Renault Championship (Jenzer Motorsport) → Arden International Ltd
Mike Conway: British Formula 3 Championship (Fortec Motorsport) → DPR Direxiv
Lucas di Grassi: Formula Three Euroseries (Manor Motorsport) → Durango
Luca Filippi: Italian Formula 3000 (Fisichella Motorsport) → FMS International
Timo Glock: Champ Car World Series (Rocketsports Racing) → BCN Competición
Tristan Gommendy: World Series by Renault (Witmeur KTR) → iSport International
Lewis Hamilton: Formula Three Euroseries (ASM Formule 3) → ART Grand Prix
Franck Perera: Formula Three Euroseries (Prema Powerteam) → DAMS
Vitaly Petrov: Formula 1600 Russia (Art Line ProTeam) → DPR
Félix Porteiro: World Series by Renault (Epsilon by Graff) → Campos Racing
Jason Tahinci: British Formula Renault Championship (Team JLR) → FMS International
Adrián Vallés: World Series by Renault (Pons Racing) → Campos Racing
Javier Villa: Spanish Formula Three Championship (Racing Engineering) → Racing Engineering
Andreas Zuber: World Series by Renault (Carlin Motorsport) → Trident Racing
Leaving GP2
Juan Cruz Álvarez: Campos Racing → Top Race V6 Argentina (Catalan Magni Motorsports)
Can Artam: iSport International → Retirement
Borja García: Racing Engineering → World Series by Renault (RC Motorsport)
Heikki Kovalainen: Arden International → Formula One (Mild Seven Renault F1 Team test driver)
Mathias Lauda: Coloni Motorsport → Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (Persson Motorsport)
Giorgio Mondini: DPR → A1 Grand Prix (A1 Team Switzerland)
Nico Rosberg: ART Grand Prix → Formula One (WilliamsF1 Team)
Ryan Sharp: DPR → World Touring Car Championship (JAS Motorsport)
Scott Speed: iSport International → Formula One (Scuderia Toro Rosso)
Toni Vilander: Coloni Motorsport → Italian GT Championship (Playteam Sara Free)
Midseason changes
Giorgio Pantano replaced Luca Filippi after Nürburg races.
Timo Glock replaced Tristan Gommendy after Monaco race.
Luca Filippi replaced Timo Glock after Monaco race.
Neel Jani replaced Nicolas Lapierre for Silverstone and Magny-Cours races.
Mike Conway replaced Olivier Pla for Silverstone races.
Vitaly Petrov replaced Olivier Pla after Magny-Cours races.
Calendar
Results
Championship standings
Drivers
Polesitter for the feature race on bold. Driver in italics has been awarded point for fastest lap.
Notes
Drivers who did not finish the race but were classified are marked with †.
Lewis Hamilton was disqualified during the first race at Imola for passing the safety car. Team ART Grand Prix's statement on this is that he was following the Campos Racing cars which led him past the car. (archive )
Olivier Pla was disqualified in Montmeló from 8th place for car being under weight limit
Durango cars were excluded from second Silverstone race for illegal rear wing which caused di Grassi's accident in first race.
Felix Porteiro was disqualified from 2nd place in Silverstone sprint race for illegal position of steering rack.
Teams
Notes
References
External links
GP2 Series & GP2 Asia Series
GP2 Series season 2006
GP2 Series seasons
GP2 Series |
4019197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiring%20pencil | Wiring pencil | A wiring pencil (often sold under the trade names of Roadrunner or Verowire) is a tool for making electrical connections.
A small reel of insulated copper wire is mounted at the top of the tool. The wire runs down the center of the wiring pencil and through a hardened tip, which is small enough to move between the pins of 0.1" pitch DIL chip allowing connections to be wrapped and the wire to be led across the circuit board to the next point it's needed.
The wire is coated with a polymer lacquer (commonly referred to as enamel, but not glass based). Once wrapped the connections are soldered, the heat of this burning the lacquer away and completing the joint. Insulated wire is normally 38 SWG (0.15mm), ground connections are sometimes made with uninsulated wire which is slightly heavier (33 SWG, 0.25mm).
A well ventilated area and/or fume extraction are very important when carrying out this process due to the toxic fumes. Sometimes, where there are many wires, plastic comb-like structures are used for wire management.
See also
Wire wrap
Solderable enamel wire
References
External links
http://www.instructables.com/id/Mechanical-Prototyping-Pencil/
Electronics work tools
Wire |
4019204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Presbyterian%20Church | First Presbyterian Church | First Presbyterian Church (and variations such as Old First Presbyterian Church or First Presbyterian Church and Rectory) may refer to:
Canada
First Presbyterian Church (Edmonton), Alberta
Thailand
First Presbyterian Church, Samray, in Bangkok
United States
Alabama
First Presbyterian Church (Birmingham, Alabama)
First Presbyterian Church (Eutaw, Alabama)
First Presbyterian Church (Greenville, Alabama)
First Presbyterian Church (Jacksonville, Alabama)
First Presbyterian Church (Talladega, Alabama)
First Presbyterian Church of Wetumpka
Arizona
First Presbyterian Church of Florence
First Presbyterian Church (Phoenix, Arizona)
Arkansas
First Presbyterian Church (Clarksville, Arkansas)
First Presbyterian Church (Dardanelle, Arkansas)
Berry House (Dardanelle, Arkansas), the previous building used by the church
First Presbyterian Church (DeQueen, Arkansas)
First Presbyterian Church (Des Arc, Arkansas)
First Presbyterian Church (El Dorado, Arkansas)
First Presbyterian Church (Fordyce, Arkansas)
First Presbyterian Church (Heber Springs, Arkansas)
First Presbyterian Church (Hot Springs, Arkansas)
First Presbyterian Church (Little Rock, Arkansas)
First Presbyterian Church (Lonoke, Arkansas)
First Presbyterian Church (Nashville, Arkansas)
First Presbyterian Church (Newport, Arkansas)
First Presbyterian Church Manse (North Little Rock, Arkansas)
First Presbyterian Church (Stamps, Arkansas)
California
First Presbyterian Church Sanctuary Building, in Alameda, California
First Presbyterian Church of Hollywood, Los Angeles, California
First Presbyterian Church (Napa, California)
First Presbyterian Church of Oakland
First Presbyterian Church of San Jose
First Presbyterian Church (San Luis Obispo, California)
First Presbyterian Church (Vallejo, California)
Colorado
First Presbyterian Church (Canon City, Colorado)
First Presbyterian Church (Colorado Springs, Colorado)
Eckert Presbyterian Church or First Presbyterian Church
First Presbyterian Church of Golden and Unger House, in Golden, Colorado
First Presbyterian Church of Ramah
Connecticut
Fish Church or First Presbyterian Church of Stamford
Delaware
Old First Presbyterian Church (Newark, Delaware)
Old First Presbyterian Church (Wilmington, Delaware)
Florida
First Presbyterian Church (Lynn Haven, Florida)
First Presbyterian Church Archeological Site
First Presbyterian Church (Miami, Florida)
First Presbyterian Church (Tallahassee, Florida)
Georgia
First Presbyterian Church of Atlanta
First Presbyterian Church (Augusta, Georgia)
First Presbyterian Church (Cartersville, Georgia)
First Presbyterian Church (Columbus, Georgia)
First Presbyterian Church (Macon, Georgia)
First Presbyterian Church (Tifton, Georgia), contributing in Tifton Residential Historic District
First Presbyterian Church (Valdosta, Georgia)
Idaho
First Presbyterian Church (Idaho Falls, Idaho)
First Presbyterian Church (Kamiah, Idaho)
First Presbyterian Church (Lapwai, Idaho)
Illinois
First Presbyterian Church (Champaign, Illinois)
First Presbyterian Church (Springfield, Illinois)
First Presbyterian Church (Vandalia, Illinois)
Indiana
First Presbyterian Church (Aurora, Indiana)
First Presbyterian Church (Hartford City, Indiana)
First Presbyterian Church (Seymour, Indiana)
First Presbyterian Church (South Bend, Indiana)
Iowa
First Presbyterian Church (Davenport, Iowa)
First Presbyterian Church (Marion, Iowa)
First Presbyterian Church (Muscatine, Iowa)
First Presbyterian Church (West Bend, Iowa)
Kansas
First Presbyterian Church of Abilene
First Presbyterian Church (Gardner, Kansas)
First Presbyterian Church (Girard, Kansas)
First Presbyterian Church (Hays, Kansas)
First Presbyterian Church, Leavenworth
Kentucky
First Presbyterian Church (Ashland, Kentucky)
First Presbyterian Church (Danville, Kentucky)
First Presbyterian Church (Elizabethtown, Kentucky)
First Presbyterian Church (Flemingsburg, Kentucky)
First Presbyterian Church (Glasgow, Kentucky)
First Presbyterian Church (Lexington, Kentucky)
Louisiana
First Presbyterian Church (Ruston, Louisiana)
First Presbyterian Church (Shreveport, Louisiana), a National Register of Historic Places listing in Caddo Parish, Louisiana
Maryland
First Presbyterian Church and Manse (Baltimore, Maryland)
Massachusetts
First Presbyterian Church (Newburyport, Massachusetts)
Michigan
First Presbyterian Church of Blissfield
First Presbyterian Church (Cass City, Michigan)
First Presbyterian Church (Coldwater, Michigan)
First Presbyterian Church (Detroit, Michigan)
Saline First Presbyterian Church
Minnesota
First Presbyterian Church (Hastings, Minnesota)
First Presbyterian Church (Mankato, Minnesota)
Mississippi
Old First Presbyterian Church (Kosciusko, Mississippi)
First Presbyterian Church of Meridian
First Presbyterian Church of Natchez
First Presbyterian Church (Jackson, Mississippi)
Missouri
First Presbyterian Church (Keytesville, Missouri)
First Presbyterian Church (La Grange, Missouri)
First Presbyterian Church (Marshall, Missouri)
Montana
First Presbyterian Church (Bozeman, Montana)
First Presbyterian Church and Manse (Forsyth, Montana)
First Presbyterian Church (Lewistown, Montana)
First Presbyterian Church of Whitefish
Nebraska
First Presbyterian Church (Spalding, Nebraska)
Nevada
First Presbyterian Church (Virginia City, Nevada), a church in the Virginia City Historic District
New Jersey
First Presbyterian Church of Elizabeth
First Church of Hanover or First Presbyterian Church of Hanover, in Livingston, New Jersey
First Presbyterian Church (New Brunswick, New Jersey)
Old First Presbyterian Church (Newark, New Jersey) or First Presbyterian Church and Cemetery
First Presbyterian Church of Rumson
First Presbyterian Church (Trenton, New Jersey)
First Presbyterian Church of Wantage, in Sussex, New Jersey
First Presbyterian Church of Orange, New Jersey
New York
First Presbyterian Church (Batavia, New York)
First Presbyterian Church (Brockport, New York)
First Presbyterian Church (Brooklyn), part of the Brooklyn Heights Historic District
First Presbyterian Church (Buffalo, New York)
First Presbyterian Church of Chester
First Presbyterian Church Complex (Cortland, New York)
First Presbyterian Church (Delhi, New York)
First Presbyterian Church (Dundee, New York)
First Presbyterian Church of Avon, in East Avon, New York
First Presbyterian Church of Far Rockaway
First Presbyterian Church (Glens Falls, New York)
First Presbyterian Church (Gouverneur, New York)
Sparta First Presbyterian Church, in Groveland Station, New York
First Presbyterian Church of Hector
United Methodist Church of the Highlands or First Presbyterian Church of Highland Falls
First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica
First Presbyterian Church (Manhattan)
First Presbyterian Church of Marcellus
First Presbyterian Church of Margaretville
First Presbyterian Church of Mumford
First Presbyterian Church and Lewis Pintard House, in New Rochelle, New York
First Presbyterian Church (Niagara Falls, New York)
First Presbyterian Church of Ontario Center
First Presbyterian Church of Oyster Bay
First Presbyterian Church (Plattsburgh, New York)
First Presbyterian Church of Dailey Ridge, in Potsdam, New York
First Presbyterian Church (Poughkeepsie, New York)
First Presbyterian Church Rectory (Poughkeepsie, New York)
First Presbyterian Church (Preble, New York)
First Presbyterian Church (Rochester, New York)
First Presbyterian Church (Sag Harbor, New York)
First Presbyterian Church (Smithtown, New York)
First Presbyterian Church (Spencer, New York)
First Presbyterian Church of Ulysses, in Trumansburg, New York
First Presbyterian Church of Tuscarora
First Presbyterian Church (Utica, New York)
First Presbyterian Church (Valatie, New York)
First Presbyterian Church (Waterloo, New York)
North Carolina
First Presbyterian Church (Charlotte, North Carolina)
First Presbyterian Church (Fayetteville, North Carolina)
First Presbyterian Church (Franklin, North Carolina)
First Presbyterian Church (Goldsboro, North Carolina)
First Presbyterian Church (Hickory, North Carolina)
First Presbyterian Church (Highlands, North Carolina)
First Presbyterian Church (Lincolnton, North Carolina)
First Presbyterian Church (Marion, North Carolina)
First Presbyterian Church and Churchyard, in New Bern, North Carolina
First Presbyterian Church (Wilmington, North Carolina)
North Dakota
First Presbyterian Church of Steele
Ohio
Covenant First Presbyterian Church, in Cincinnati, Ohio
First Presbyterian Church of Maumee Chapel
First Presbyterian Church (Napoleon, Ohio)
First Presbyterian Church (Portsmouth, Ohio)
First Presbyterian Church (Troy, Ohio)
First Presbyterian Church of Wapakoneta
Oklahoma
First Presbyterian Church (Atoka, Oklahoma)
First Presbyterian Church of Chandler
First Presbyterian Church of Coweta
First Presbyterian Church of Lawton
First Presbyterian Church (McAlester, Oklahoma)
First Presbyterian Church (Sallisaw, Oklahoma)
First Presbyterian Church of Tonkawa
First Presbyterian Church (Tulsa)
First Presbyterian Church (Waurika, Oklahoma)
Oregon
First Presbyterian Church (Cottage Grove, Oregon)
First Presbyterian Church (Portland, Oregon)
First Presbyterian Church of Redmond
First Presbyterian Church (Roseburg, Oregon)
Pennsylvania
First Presbyterian Church (Bethlehem, Pennsylvania)
First Presbyterian Church (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
First Presbyterian Church 1793, in Washington, Pennsylvania
First Presbyterian Church of West Chester
South Carolina
First Presbyterian Church (Columbia, South Carolina)
First Presbyterian Church (Rock Hill, South Carolina)
First Presbyterian Church of Woodruff
South Dakota
First Presbyterian Church of Langford
Tennessee
First Presbyterian Church (Chattanooga, Tennessee)
First Presbyterian Church (Clarksville, Tennessee)
First Presbyterian Church Manse (Clarksville, Tennessee)
First Presbyterian Church (Cleveland, Tennessee)
First Presbyterian Church of Clifton
First Presbyterian Church (Cookeville, Tennessee), a National Register of Historic Places listing in Putnam County, Tennessee
First Presbyterian Church (Greeneville, Tennessee)
First Presbyterian Church Cemetery, in Knoxville, Tennessee
First Presbyterian Church (McMinnville, Tennessee)
First Presbyterian Church (Memphis, Tennessee)
First Presbyterian Church (Murfreesboro, Tennessee)
Downtown Presbyterian Church (Nashville)
First Presbyterian Church of Pulaski
First Presbyterian Church (Shelbyville, Tennessee)
First Presbyterian Church (Sweetwater, Tennessee)
Texas
First Presbyterian Church (Abilene, Texas)
First Presbyterian Church of Dallas
First Presbyterian Church (Galveston, Texas)
First Presbyterian Church (Houston, Texas)
First Presbyterian Church (Mineral Wells, Texas)
First Presbyterian Church (Orange, Texas)
First Presbyterian Church (Palestine, Texas)
First Presbyterian Church (Paris, Texas)
First Presbyterian Church (San Angelo, Texas)
First Presbyterian Church (Van Horn, Texas)
Utah
First Presbyterian Church of Salt Lake City
Virginia
First Presbyterian Church (Arlington, Virginia)
Washington
First Presbyterian Church (Tacoma, Washington)
West Virginia
First Presbyterian Church/Calvary Temple Evangelical Church, in Parkersburg, West Virginia
Wisconsin
First Presbyterian Church (Oshkosh, Wisconsin)
First Presbyterian Church (Racine, Wisconsin)
See also
List of Presbyterian churches |
4019213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markheim | Markheim | {{Infobox short story |
| name = Markheim
| author = Robert Louis Stevenson
| country =
| language = English
| genre = Horror
| published_in = The Broken Shaft: Unwin’s Christmas Annual(ed. H. Norman)
| publication_type = Collection
| publisher = London: T. Fisher Unwin
| pub_date = December 1885
| media_type = Print
| pages =
| isbn =
}}
"Markheim" is a short story by Robert Louis Stevenson, originally prepared for the Pall Mall Gazette in 1884, but published in 1885 in The Broken Shaft: Tales of Mid-Ocean as part of Unwin's Christmas Annual. The story was later published in Stevenson's collection The Merry Men and Other Tales and Fables (1887).
Plot summary
The story opens late one Christmas Day in an antique store, presumably in London during the mid 1880s. A man named Markheim has come even though the store is officially closed, and the rather shady dealer points out that whenever he comes to visit after hours, it is usually to privately sell a rare item, claiming it to be from a late uncle's collection he inherited. The dealer hints his suspicions that more likely Markheim stole these items, although it has not stopped him from purchasing them, usually for an amount less than what his client asked for. Markheim visibly flinches at the dealer's not-so-subtle insinuations, but claims that he has not come to sell anything this time, but rather to buy a Christmas present for a woman he will soon marry, implying she is well off. Though somewhat incredulous, the dealer suggests a mirror as a gift, but Markheim takes fright at his own reflection, claiming that no man wants to see what a mirror shows him. Markheim seems strangely reluctant to end the transaction, but when the dealer insists that his visitor must buy or leave, Markheim consents to review more goods. However, when the dealer turns his back to select another item, Markheim pulls out a knife and stabs him to death.
Surrounded by mirrors and ominously ticking clocks, and with only a candle to light up the dark shop, Markheim spends some minutes recovering his nerve when he hears someone moving about upstairs, though he knows the dealer's maidservant has taken the day off and no one should be there. He reassures himself that the outer door is locked, searches the dealer's body for keys and then goes to the upper rooms where the dealer lived to look for money, which he intends to use to start a business. As he searches for the right key to open the dealer's safe, he hears footsteps on the stairs, and a man opens the door and asks, "Did you call me?"
Markheim believes the stranger is the Devil. Though he never identifies himself, the stranger is clearly supernatural; he says that he has watched Markheim his whole life. He tells Markheim that the servant is returning to the store early, so Markheim had best hurry or face the consequences. He also offers to show Markheim the right key to open the safe, although he predicts that Markheim's business will not be successful. Indeed, the stranger clearly knows that much of Markheim's life has been unsuccessful, consisting of gambling and petty theft. Instead of continuing to loot the house, Markheim tries to justify his life and conduct to the stranger, entering into a discussion of the nature of good and evil. The stranger refutes him on every point, and Markheim is at last obliged to admit that he has thrown his life away and turned to evil.
The servant returns, and as she knocks on the door the stranger advises Markheim that he can entice her in by telling her that her master is hurt, then kill her and have the whole night to ransack the house. Markheim retorts that while he has lost the love of good, he still hates evil. The face of the stranger undergoes a "wonderful and lovely change", full of "tender triumph", as he disappears. Markheim opens the door and tells the servant to call the police, for he has killed her master.
Commentary
Stevenson combines a moral drama with a gothic horror story. Despite the deliberate ambiguity, most critics view Markheim's visitor as some sort of "good" spirit, whose features suddenly "brightened and softened with a tender triumph" when Markheim decides to give himself up rather than choose to commit a second murder. Michael S. Rose of the New Oxford Review identifies him as Markheim's guardian angel.
Adaptations
A play produced by J. Fred Zimmerman Sr. opened at the New Amsterdam Theatre in 1906.
A 1919 opera by Philip Napier Miles; Carnegie award 1921; performed in Bristol 1924; vocal score published by J. Curwen 1926.
The radio drama anthology series, The Weird Circle, adapted the story for broadcast on 9 September 1947.
An episode of the 1950s radio drama anthology The Hall of Fantasy was adapted from "Markheim".
An episode of the 1950s radio drama Dragnet titled "The Big In-Laws" quotes the story.
A 1953 episode of Theatre Royal, a BBC radio series broadcast on NBC in the United States, with Laurence Olivier as Markheim and Abraham Sofaer as The Stranger.
It was dramatized as the third episode of the fifth season of the television series Suspense in 1952. The episode was titled "All Hallows Eve" and starred Franchot Tone.
The story was dramatized for television as an episode of the anthology series Screen Directors' Playhouse (1955–56); Ray Milland starred as Markheim and Rod Steiger portrayed the Stranger.
The story was dramatised for television as an episode of the series Rendezvous in 1959. Charles Gray was Markheim and Anthony Dawson the Stranger.
Carlisle Floyd adapted the story into a one-act opera as a vehicle for Norman Treigle; it was premiered in 1966 and published by Boosey and Hawkes.
An adaptation by Tom Wright was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 17 September 1971 with Tom Watson as Markheim, Malcolm Hayes as The Stranger and Martin Heller as The Dealer; this production was subsequently re-broadcast on BBC Radio 7 and BBC Radio 4 Extra.
The story was dramatised for Scottish Television in 1974 with Derek Jacobi as Markheim and Julian Glover as the Stranger.
The radio anthology CBS Radio Mystery Theater adapts Markheim in an episode first aired in 1975 with Kevin McCarthy as Markheim.
In 2009, a reading of the story by Hugh Bonneville was broadcast on BBC Radio 7.
The Italian composer Carlo Deri composed a one-act opera, Markheim, for which he created a libretto freely inspired by the story; it was premiered in 2015, transcribed from the original as a chamber opera (Pisa, Italy, Teatro Verdi, 18 April 2015).
The artist Ken Currie produced an etching entitled 'Markheim' in 2015 and critics have referenced the story in relation to his art.
References
Sources
Harman, Claire. Myself and the Other Fellow: A Life of Robert Louis Stevenson. HarperCollins (2005): New York.
External links
“The Reaping Angel of Death”: A Monograph on the Opera Markheim'', by Brian Morgan. Log into Facebook
Markheim by Robert Louis Stevenson
1885 short stories
Short stories by Robert Louis Stevenson
Works originally published in The Pall Mall Gazette |
4019216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-%C3%89mile%20Trudeau | Charles-Émile Trudeau | Joseph Charles-Émile "Charley" Trudeau (July 5, 1887 – April 10, 1935) was a French Canadian attorney and businessman. His son was Pierre Trudeau, 15th Prime Minister of Canada, and his grandson is Justin Trudeau, 23rd and current Prime Minister of Canada.
Life and career
Charles-Émile Trudeau was born on his family's farm in Saint-Michel-de-Napierville, Quebec, the son of Joseph Trudeau (1848–1919), a semi-literate farmer, and Malvina Cardinal (1849–1931), whose own father was Solime Cardinal (1815–1897), mayor of Saint-Constant, Quebec. Malvina insisted that her sons be given a strong education; her husband agreed to send them to College Sainte-Marie. Trudeau later studied law at the Laval University's campus in Montreal, which in 1919 became the University of Montreal. After a ten-year courtship, he married Grace Elliott (1890–1973), the daughter of a prominent Scots-Quebecer entrepreneur, Philip Armstrong Elliott (1859–1936), and his wife Sarah Sauvé (1857–1899), on May 11, 1915 in Montreal at the original Saint-Louis-de-France Roman Catholic Church on Roy Street at Laval Avenue, which was later destroyed by fire in 1933. They had four children, their first child dying at birth. Charles-Émile Trudeau was considered gregarious, boisterous, and extravagant.
Trudeau, a lawyer by training, practised for 10 years with Ernest Bertrand, at that time the senior Crown prosecutor, as well as with Charles E. Guérin. Trudeau accumulated a fortune by building gas stations around the Montreal area and a loyalty program known as the Automobile Owners' Association, which by 1932 had 15,000 members patronizing Trudeau's 30 stations. He sold his business to Champlain Oil Products Limited for $1 million, while remaining with Champlain as general manager for that subsidiary. Among his other investments, Trudeau had interests in mining companies. He was a noted baseball enthusiast: he was the largest shareholder and member of the board of directors of the Montreal Royals baseball team, and the team's vice-president at the time of his death. He was also vice president of Montreal's Belmont Park and a prominent philanthropist, including as a benefactor of the Hôpital Sainte-Jeanne d'Arc, for which he also served as director at the time of his death.
Politically, Trudeau was a strong supporter of the Conservative Party, opposed to Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, a long-serving Liberal. Pierre Trudeau recalled that "political arguments never lacked liveliness" between Charles and his friends.
Death and legacy
He died of pneumonia in 1935 in Orlando, Florida, while on the road with the Royals, and was laid to rest at his family vault in St-Rémi-de-Napierville Cemetery. Due to Trudeau's business, Pierre Trudeau himself inherited wealth. Trudeau served as an inspiration to the future prime minister. As Jim Coutts, Pierre Trudeau's aide, recalled, Trudeau "talked, at times, of his father, whom he greatly admired, but who was too busy to understand his son's interests or spend much time with him." Pierre Trudeau named his third son, Michel Charles Émile Trudeau, after him.
References
1887 births
1935 deaths
20th-century Canadian businesspeople
Businesspeople from Quebec
Canadian people of French descent
Canadian philanthropists
Canadian sports businesspeople
French Quebecers
Deaths from pneumonia in Florida
Lawyers in Quebec
Minor league baseball executives
Montreal Royals
Parents of prime ministers of Canada
People in the petroleum industry
Philanthropists from Quebec
Charles Emile |
4019227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kool | Kool | Kool may refer to:
People
Kool (surname), surname of Dutch origin
Robert "Kool" Bell (born 1950), American bassist and founder of Kool and the Gang
Roger Kool (1954–2005), Singaporean DJ (Roger Kiew)
Kool DJ Herc (born 1955), Jamaican–American DJ and hip hop pioneer (Clive Campbell)
Kool DJ Red Alert (born 1956), American DJ and hip hop pioneer (Frederick Crute)
DJ Kool (born 1958), American DJ and rapper (John W. Bowman)
Kool Moe Dee (born 1962), American rapper (Mohandas Dewese)
Kool Keith (born 1963), American rapper (Keith M. Thornton)
Kool Bob Love (born 1967), American DJ, breakdancer and streetball player (Bobbito Garcia)
Kool Shen (born 1966), French rapper, actor and producer (Bruno Lopes)
Kool G. Rap (born 1968), American rapper (Nathaniel T. Wilson)
Kool Kim (born 1971), American rapper (Kim Sharpton)
Kool Savas (born 1975), German rapper (Savaş Yurderi)
Kool Kojak (born 1970s), American musician (Allan P. Grigg)
Kool A.D. (born 1983), American rapper (Victor Vazquez)
Broadcasting
KOOL 96.5, the branding for radio station CKUL-FM in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
KOOL 97.3, the branding for radio station KEAG in Anchorage, Alaska
KOOL 99.1, the branding for radio station KODZ in Eugene, Oregon
KOOL 101.5, the branding for radio station CKCE-FM in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
KOOL 101.7, the branding for radio station KLDJ in Duluth, Minnesota
KOOL 101.9, the branding for radio station KFMH in Belle Fourche, South Dakota
KOOL 105.1, the branding for radio station KXKL-FM in Denver, Colorado
KOOL 105.9, the former branding for radio station KFBW (then KQOL) in Vancouver, Washington
KOOL 107.5, the branding for radio station CKMB-FM in Barrie, Ontario, Canada
KOOL 107.9, the branding for radio station KBKL in Grand Junction, Colorado
KOOL 108, the branding for radio station KQQL in Anoka, Minnesota
Kool FM, a pirate radio station in the UK
KOOL-FM, a radio station (94.5 FM) in Phoenix, Arizona
KKNT, a radio station (960 AM) in Phoenix, Arizona, formerly known as KOOL
KSAZ-TV, a television station (channel 10) in Phoenix, Arizona, formerly known as KOOL-TV
Other uses
Kool (cigarette), a brand of cigarettes
Kool (film), a 2011 Kannada language film
"Kool", a song by Benee from her 2020 album Hey U X
See also
Cool (disambiguation) |
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